,transcrib]'s ,note4 ,app>5t typographical errors h be5 correct$2 inconsi/5cies 9 ! use ( hyph5s h be5 reta9$4 ,"o oe ligature has be5 remov$4 ,,common ,,s5se ,,appli$ ,,to ,,religion2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,bible ,,& ,,! ,,p4 ,,by ,,ca?>9e ,e4 ,,bee*]4 ,,au?or ,,( ,,lett]s ,,to ,,! ,,p ,,on ,,heal? ,,& ,,happ9ess1 ,,physiology ,,& ,,cali/h5ics1 ,,dome/ic ,,economy1 ,,dome/ic ,,receipt-,,book1 c41 c4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,publi%]s1 ,,frankl9 ,,squ>e4 ,,montreal3 ,,b5jam9 ,,dawson4 #aheg4 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & fifty-sev51 by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,,to ,,! ,,p1 ,,z ,,! ,,safe/ ,,& ,,true/ ,,int]pret]s ,,( ,,! ,,bible1 ,,& ,,to ,,woman1 ,,z ,,! ,,heav5-,,appo9t$ ,,educator ,,( ,,m9d1 ,,?is ,,"w ,is respectfully ,d$icat$4 ,,index4 ,page ,introduction ix ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,! ,gr& ,que/ions ( ,life #i ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,reason1 or ,intuitive ,tru?s #ad ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,s\rces ( ,human ,k #bi ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,( ! ,k ga9$ by ,human ,exp]i5ce 9 reg>d to ! ,nature ( ,m9d & ( ! ,sy/em ( :i* x is a ,"p #cb ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,k ga9$ by ,reason & ,exp]i5ce alone z to a ,future ,/ate #db ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,k ga9$ by ,reason & ,exp]i5ce alone conc]n+ ! ,exi/5ce1 ,"*1 & ,designs ( ! ,creator #dg ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,div]sities 9 ,sy/ems ( ,m5tal ,philosophy #eb ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,classification & ,description ( ! ,m5tal ,p[]s #ei ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,s5sation & ,p]ception #fd ,,*ap4 ,x4 ,conception & ,memory #gi ,,*ap4 ,,xi4 ,att5tion & ,ab/raction #hc ,,*ap4 ,,xii4 ,association #ic ,,*ap4 ,,xiii4 ,imag9ation #ajb ,,*ap4 ,,xiv4 ,judgm5t #ajf ,,*ap4 ,,xv4 ,! ,susceptibilities #aji ,,*ap4 ,,xvi4 ,! ,susceptibilities4 ,emotions ( ,ta/e #abj ,,*ap4 ,,xvii4 ,! ,moral ,susceptibilities #aci ,,*ap4 ,,xviii4 ,! ,w #adi ,,*ap4 ,,xix4 ,fai? or ,belief #afe ,,*ap4 ,,xx4 ,con/itutional ,v>ieties ( ! ,human ,m9d #age ,,*ap4 ,,xxi4 ,habit #agh ,,*ap4 ,,xxii4 ,m9d z ,pro( ( its ,creator's ,designs #aij ,,*ap4 ,,xxiii4 ,social & ,mat]ial ,pro(s ( ! ,creator's ,designs #bjg ,,*ap4 ,,xxiv4 ,"r ,mode ( secur+ ! ,object = :i* ,m9d 0 creat$ #bab ,,*ap4 ,,xxv4 ,wrong ,action ( ,m9d & its ,causes #bbj ,,*ap4 ,,xxvi4 ,wrong ,action ( ,m9d & its ,results 9 ?is ,life #bbd ,,*ap4 ,,xxvii4 ,wrong ,action ( ,m9d & its ,results 9 a ,future ,/ate #bcc ,,*ap4 ,,xxviii4 ,"* ( ! ,creator #bde ,,*ap4 ,,xxix4 ,on ,p]fect & ,imp]fect ,m9ds #bej ,,*ap4 ,,xxx4 ,on ! probable ,exi/5ce & ,"* ( ,disembodi$ ,spirits #beh ,,*ap4 ,,xxxi4 ,probabilities 9 reg>d to a ,revelation f ! ,creator #bfa ,,*ap4 ,,xxxii4 ,int]pretation ( ,language #bfe ,add5da to ,vol4 ,i4 #bha ,notes #ccg ,,introduction4 ,?is "w is ! result ( ?irty ye>s ( devotion to ! tra9+ ( ! human m9d = ! great end = :i* x 0 creat$4 ,e>ly 9 t p]iod x 0 felt t at ! v f\ndation ( su* ef=ts 7 oppos+ !ological !ories1 t seem$ at w> ) bo? ! common s5se & ! moral s5se ( mank9d4 ,9 ! progress ( su* duties1 a "w 0 prep>$ on ,m5tal & ,moral ,sci5ce1 z a text-book = ! in/itution "u ! c>e ( ! writ]1 :i* 0 pr9t$1 b nev] publi%$4 ,aft] submitt+ ?is "w to ! criticism ( a numb] ( ! lead+ m9ds ( v>i\s s*ools & sects1 x 0 f\nd to conta9 s mu* t might result 9 !ological controv]sy1 t x 0 deem$ mode/ & wise to wait until age1 exp]i5ce1 & f>!r exam9ation _h l5t _! matur+ influ5ce4 ,aft] a delay ( ov] a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 ! conviction above /at$ n only rema9s1 b has be5 /r5g!n$ by ! discussions & developm5ts t h int]v5$ 9 t p]iod4 ,:ile ! great practical tru?s bo? ( natural & reveal$ religion h seem$ con/antly to be ga9+ a m controll+ influ5ce ov] ! intellect & feel+s ( mank9d1 ! !ological dogmas ref]r$ to h be5 m & m evad$ or reject$1 ev5 by ^? :o receive & respect ! ,bible z conta9+ au!ntic & au?oritative revelations f ,god4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is app>5t a manife/ & /rong t5d5cy1 especially among ! "y & mo/ highly-educat$ ( bo? sexes1 to infidelity2 n to t species ( a =m] age :i* involv$ a hatr$ & contempt = ! ,bible1 nor to ! entire rejection ( x z a v respectable & useful collection ( mo/ int]e/+ writ+s1 b to a rejection ( x z a sure & au?oritative guide 9 fai? & morals4 ,?\gh !re may be o!r assignable causes = ?is1 x is c]ta9 t n ! lea/ p[]ful is ! repell5cy ( dogmas claim$ to be conta9$ 9 ! ,bible1 :i* are revolt+ bo? to ! intellect & to ! moral nature ( man4 ,in/ead ( be+ able to meet _! religi\s tea*]s ) ! assumption t all :i* !y h felt to be contr>y to reason1 to common s5se1 & to common hone/y is n conta9$ 9 ! ,sacr$ ,writ+s1 _m h gradually drawn (f to ! religion ( reason & nature1 & left ! ,bible to !ologians & ! ,*ur*4 ,at ! same "t1 !re has be5 a new developm5t ( philan?ropy1 9 :i* ^? :o ei!r repudiate ! ,bible z ( any b9d+ au?ority1 or disall[ its commonly-accept$ tea*+s1 are z prom95t & e>ne/ 9 works ( b5evol5ce z ! mo/ or?odox ( any sect4 ,to ^! are add$ religi\s tea*]s1 :o set =? ! morality & b5evol5ce dem&$ 9 ! ,bible z obligatory1 & z satisfactorily d$ucible f ! light ( nature1 s t no revelation is ne$ful to make !m m s4 ,meantime1 9 popul> =ms & by popul> writ]s1 all ! mo/ plausible & />tl+ difficulties t oppose ! claims ( ! ,bible are widely dissem9at$1 :ile little is done to c\nt]act ^! influ5ces4 ,ano!r class ( religioni/s has also aris51 t numb]s probably its hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 ! ,spirituali/s1 :o re/ _! fai? on a new species ( s-call$ revelations1 :i* ord9>ily cla% ) ! accept$ tea*+s ( ! ,bible1 & by va/ numb]s are receiv$ z ( sup]ior au?ority4 ,meantime ! press & public lectures are ext5sively supplant+ ! pulpit z organs ( moral & religi\s influ5ce ov] l>ge portions ( ! community1 :ile a l>ge "p ( ! mo/ popul> speak]s & writ]s av[$ly reject ! ,bible z ( any b9d+ au?ority 9 decid+ moral & religi\s que/ions4 ,at ! same "t1 !re has aris5 a fre$om ( inve/igation1 & an av]sion to all traditional or cons]vative bonds1 su* z probably nev] be=e 0 s univ]sal & dom9ant 9 ?is nation1 especially among ^? religi\sly educat$4 ,all ^! influ5ces h comb9$ to place ! ,bible1 & ! sy/ems ( !ology t claim to be educ$ f x1 9 entirely new relations4 ,no?+ n[ is safe on ! gr\nd ( tradition1 or ( au?ority1 or ( ! rev]5ce t belongs to age1 le>n+1 g5ius1 or exp]i5ce4 ,e ?+ 9 religion1 z well z o!r matt]s1 is to /& on its own claims1 & n by any factiti\s supports4 ,9 ?is /ate ( ! public m9d1 ! foll[+ consid]ations h _h influ5ce 9 lead+ to ! pres5tation ( ! views conta9$ 9 ?is volume4 ,x is ! di/9ctive maxim ( ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity t e p]son is to be 8 own int]pret] ( ! revelations ( ,god conta9$ 9 ! ,bible1 responsible only to 8 ,mak]4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 implies ! practicability ( a prop] qualification = ?is duty 9 e individual1 s t no p]son %all necess>ily be dep5d5t on o!r m9ds = a correct k ( all t relates to 8 own duty & dang]s4 ,x is manife/ t ! ,creator design$ t woman %\ld h ! lead+ position z ! educator ( m9d1 especially at t p]iod :5 ! habits & pr9ciples ( life are =m$4 ,?is be+ s1 x is cle> t x 0 design$ t %e %\ld be qualifi$ to ga9 by h] own indep5d5t p[]s all t is reveal$ by ,god t w aid h] 9 ?is great "w4 ,! !ological !ories ref]r$ to1 z seem+ly oppos+ ! moral s5se & common s5se ( mank9d1 are ^? t relate to ! f\ndation pr9ciple on :i* ! tra9+ ( m9d is to />t4 ,!y involve ! mo/ practical que/ions ( e-day life1 bo? z to individual responsibility & to ! education ( ! "y4 ,^! !ories1 !n1 are to be exam9$ & te/$ by ! laity z mu* z by !ologians1 & especially are !y to be exam9$ & decid$ on by woman1 z ! heav5-appo9t$ educator ( infancy & *ildhood4 ,9 ?is exam9ation1 ^! !ories are to be te/$1 n by ! decisions ( ecclesia/ical bodies1 nor by ! writ+s ( !ologians1 b by ^? pr9ciples ( reason & common s5se1 & ^? laws ( language1 :i* guide mank9d 9 all o!r practical & p]sonal duties4 ,9 ord] to ?is1 ^! pr9ciples mu/ be evolv$ & /at$ 9 simple & popul> =m1 = p>ticul> application on ^! que/ions2 = no man or woman c decide :e!r a ?+ agrees )1 or is contr>y to ! moral s5se1 or to ! pr9ciples ( reason & common s5se1 till !y cle>ly p]ceive :at ^? pr9ciples are1 & h le>n$ to apply !m appropriately4 ,! lead+ object ( ?is volume is1 !n1 to pres5t ^! pr9ciples 9 a popul> =m1 & to make x app>5t t !y c be practically employ$ by ! laity 9 decid+ :at is tru?1 bo? z to ! claims ( ! ,bible z conta9+ au?oritative revelations f ! ,creator1 & also z to ! true int]pretation ( x4 ,9 ask+ ! att5tion ( ! laity1 includ+ h] own sex1 to ! discussion ( topics :i* h h]et(ore be5 deem$ ! mo/ difficult1 recondite1 & pr(\nd1 x is ) ! full conviction t mo/ ( ! difficulties t h]et(ore h oppos$ su* inve/igations h belong$1 n to ! topics !mselves1 b to ! me?ods ( discussion4 ,x is believ$ t1 ?\gh ?is small volume embraces mo/ ( ^? po9ts 9 metaphysics :i* h be5 consid]$ ! mo/ difficult1 !re is n a page t c n be p]fectly compreh5d$ by any man or woman ( only an ord9>ily good education1 & ) less intellectual ef=t ?an is dem&$ ( little girls 9 acquir+ an ability to p>se ! ,engli% language4 ,x is true t close ?\ght & att5tion are requisite = a full appreciation ( all 9 ?is volume2 b n m ( ^! are requir$ ?an ! dignity & importance ( ! great topics involv$ prop]ly dem&4 ,9 attempt+ :at is "h propos$1 x c be se5 t !re are great difficulties to be met4 ,z a g5]al fact1 ^! subjects h n be5 pres5t$ 9 popul> =ms1 b h be5 conf9$ to works ( metaphysics & !ology1 & !re envelop$ 9 sci5tific te*niques & =mulas n int]e/+ or intelligible to ! common m9d4 ,= ?is reason1 x has be5 sugge/$ t1 be=e pres5t+ ! ab/ract portion1 a practical illu/ration ( ! subject1 embodi$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! op9ions ( ! au?or1 z !y h be5 =m$ or modifi$ by ^! pr9ciples1 w\ld h f> m effect on ! class ( read]s = :om ! "w is writt5 ?an ! b>e /atem5t ( pr9ciples & argum5t1 :ile x w\ld c]ta9ly be m likely to be read4 ,x has be5 /ill f>!r urg$ t1 9 attempt+ to controv]t long-e/abli%$ !ories1 embodi$ z a "p ( religi\s tru? 9 ! popul> m9d1 !re w be an opposition ( feel+ to be ov]come1 :i* ne$s a c\nt]balanc+ appeal to ! feel+s su* z an individual hi/ory c be/ (f]4 ,z to ! propriety ( su* a measure1 x is n[ s common to (f] autobiographies1 & hi/ories ( life & op9ions by liv+ au?ors1 t ?is w be no innovation on ! cu/oms ( ! lit]>y _w4 ,to ?is1 a m weighty consid]ation %\ld be add$1 & t is1 t all que/ions ( propriety & ( duty are regulat$ by circum/ances ( risk & dang]4 ,a woman1 sudd5ly r\s$ f sleep to save h] *ildr5 f ! flames1 has a v diff]5t rule ( propriety 9 appe>+ be=e ! public f t dem&$ on ord9>y occasions4 ,9 ?is view1 a believ] 9 ! risks ( ! et]nal loss ( ! s\l mu/ )hold no?+1 h[ev] sacr$ & *]i%$1 if !re is ! %ad[ ( a probability t x w avail aught 9 aid+1 x may be1 b "o /ruggl+1 d>k5$ m9d 9 ! dea?-agony ( ! s\l4 ,f ^! consid]ations1 ! writ] has be5 l$ to prefix to ! exhibition ( pr9ciples & argum5ts ( ?is "w1 a m5tal hi/ory t %all p>ticul>ly illu/rate ! subjects discuss$4 ,! article 0 prep>$ = c]ta9 p]sonal & family fri5ds1 & is ins]t$ v ne>ly 9 its orig9al =m4 ,,illu/rative ,,m5tal ,,hi/ory4 ,i wi%1 be=e publi%+ my =?com+ "w1 to obta9 ! views ( "s ( my !ological fri5ds z to c]ta9 phases ( exp]i5ce ( my own m9d1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ( o!r m9ds kn[n to me4 ,my intellectual "* 0 a s+ul> comp\nd ( ! practical & ! imag9ative4 ,9 y\? ,i _h no love = /udy or = read+ ev51 except+ works ( imag9ation4 ,don ,quixote1 ! novel to :i* ,i fir/ _h access1 0 ne>ly committ$ to memory1 z 7 a few o!r novels f\nd at my gr&mo!r's4 ,! poets1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 7 always 9 rea*1 & ) ^! mat]ials ,i e>ly =m$ a habit ( rev]ie & ca/le-build+ z my *ief int]nal s\rce ( enjoym5t4 ,) ?is 0 comb9$ incessant activity 9 practical matt]s1 su* z1 at fir/1 doll-dress+ & baby-h\se build+2 aft]w>d draw+1 pa9t+1 exploits ( m]rim5t1 practical jokes1 sn[ ca/les & =ts1 summ] excursions1 s*ool & family drama-act+1 & ! l4 ,till eighte51 ,i nev] wrote any ?+ b a few lett]s & scraps ( rhyme1 & ! trans=m+ ( "s /ories into dramas = act+4 ,a k9d tea*]1 :o sympa?iz$ 9 my /rong love ( ! comic1 describ$ me z ! busie/ ( all creatures 9 do+ no?+4 ,socially1 ,i 0 good-natur$ & sympa?iz+1 s t my jokes & tricks 7 nev] su* z to tease or annoy o!rs4 ,morally1 ,i _h a /rong s5se ( ju/ice1 b 0 n naturally s consci5ti\s z "s ( ! o!r *ildr54 ,add to ^!1 p]sev]+ en]gy1 great self-reliance1 & su* *e]ful hopefulness t ! idea ( dang] or failure nev] ent]$ my head4 ,ev5 to ?is day1 p]fect success & no mis*ances are always anticipat$ till reason corrects ! calculation4 ,?us con/itut$1 my /rict religi\s tra9+ made little impression1 = ,i r>ely he>d any ?+ ( t :i* seem$ s dull & un9telligible4 ,up to ! age ( sixte5 my conceptions on ?is subject 7 ab\t ^!3 t ,god made me & all ?+s1 & 0 v great1 & wise1 & good2 t he knew all ,i ?\ght & did2 t because ,adam & ,eve disobey$ him once only1 he drove !m out ( ,ed51 & !n s arrang$ x t all _! desc5dants w\ld be born ) wick$ he>ts1 & t1 ?\gh ?is did n seem ei!r j or good1 x 0 s2 t ,i _h su* a wick$ he>t t ,i c\ld n feel or act "r 9 any ?+ till ,i _h a new "o2 t ,god only c\ld give me a new he>t2 t1 if ,i di$ )\t x1 ,i %\ld g to a lake ( fire & brim/one1 & be burn$ alive 9 x =ev]2 t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 v good1 & v sorry = u1 & came to e>?1 & suff]$ & di$ to save u f ?is dreadful doom2 t revivals 7 times :5 ,god1 ! ,holy ,_s1 gave p new he>ts2 t1 :5 revivals came1 x 0 be/ to read ! ,bible1 & pray1 & g to meet+s1 b t at o!r times x 0 ( little use4 ,?is la/ 0 n taught1 b 0 my own inf]5ce4 ,my m9d turn$ f all ?is z v disagreeable4 ,:5 l$ by my p>5ts & ,*ri/ian fri5ds to x1 ,i tri$ to d z !y told me1 because ,i saw !y 7 anxi\s & tr\bl$1 & ,i wi%$ to relieve !m4 ,two or ?ree times1 :5 ,i saw my fa!r s tr\bl$1 ,i took ,doddridge's ,rise & ,progress ( ,religion1 & tri$ to g ?r\gh ! process !re laid d[n1 b ) utt] failure4 ,meantime1 ,i r>ely he>d any pray]s or s]mons1 & at fifte5 ,i d\bt if ! :ole ( my really s]i\s ?\ghts & ef=ts w\ld1 except ! above1 h occupi$ a :ole h\r4 ,9 ! e>li] p]iods ( my religi\s tra9+1 my p>5ts1 9 _! in/ructions1 & also my little hymns & cate*isms1 made ! impression t ,god lov$ little *ildr51 &1 ?\gh he 0 angry :5 !y did wrong1 he 0 pleas$ :5 !y did "r2 &1 z p>5tal gov]nm5t 0 t5d] & lov+1 my impression ( ! feel+s ( ! heav5ly ,p>5t 7 con=m$ to ?is1 my pa/ exp]i5ce4 ,b :51 9 m mature ye>s1 ,i came "u ! influ5ce ( revival prea*+1 all ?is impression seem$ to be rev]s$4 ,i 0 taught to look at ,god z a great moral gov]nor1 ^: *ief int]e/ 0 to su/a9 8 law4 ,!n !re seem$ to be two k9ds ( "r & wrong1 ! common & ! evangelical4 ,accord+ to ?is di/9ction1 ,i c\ld n feel or d any ?+ t 0 "r or acceptable to ,god till my bir?-gift ( a deprav$ he>t 0 r5ew$ by a special div9e int]position4 ,meantime1 !re did n seem to be any direct & practical way ( secur+ ?is sup]natural int]f]5ce2 = x 0 to be ! result1 n ( any ef=ts ( m9e1 nor 7 any div9e promises or enc\ragem5ts (f]$ to secure my ef=ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! selection ( ! recipi5ts ( ?is favor 0 regulat$ by a div9e decree ( election1 )\t ref]5ce to any acts ( a be+ :o did no?+ b evil1 & only evil1 till ?is favor 0 be/[$4 ,moreov]1 all ! exhortations to ef=t 7 bas$ simply on ! fact t1 ord9>ily1 ^? :o took a c]ta9 c\rse 7 select$1 ?\gh ,i p]ceiv$ t sometimes ^? :o did ! lea/ 7 *os51 :ile ^? :o did ! mo/ 7 pass$ by4 ,x 0 ?is view ( ! case t _h ! *ief influ5ce 9 lead+ to an entire neglect ( all religi\s conc]ns4 ,x 0 s ne>ly l a matt] ( m]e *ance1 & !re seem$ s little adaptation ( means to ends1 t1 to "o s hopeful1 &1 at ! same "t1 s practical1 !re 0 v little motive ( any k9d to lead to a religi\s life4 ,! fir/ real e>ne/ feel+ ,i ev] _h on ?is subject 0 :5 my t5d] "m di$--su* a "m z e>? has seldom se52 z /rong 9 intellect z %e 0 mode/ & g5tle 9 mann]s1 & lov+ & sympa?iz+ 9 he>t4 ,%e left sev5 *ildr5 y\ng] ?an myself1 "o ( !m a babe1 & ,i only sixte54 ,i really tri$1 = "s "t1 to become a ,*ri/ian1 till ! load ( grief 0 alleviat$ by "t1 & !n su* ef=ts ceas$2 b ^! new responsibilities turn$ my practical habits into useful *annels4 ,once aft] ?is1 :5 a revival seem$ clos+1 & my fa!r express$ 8 di/ress = my indiff]5ce1 ,i told him ,i 0 s happy ,i c\ld n d any ?+ b enjoy life1 & t no?+ b trials & sorr[ w\ld d me any good4 ,te>s came into 8 eyes z he said1 ,de> *ild1 mu/ ,i die too8 ,! responsive te>s came to my eyes1 b soon all 0 =gott54 ,at ?is "t my !ory ( morals 01 t to lie1 /eal1 swe>1 qu>rel1 disobey p>5ts1 & break ! ,sabba?1 7 s9s = :i* ,i %\ld feel guilty2 b = n becom+ a ,*ri/ian1 :5 ,i c\ld n und]/& h[ to d x1 nev] re/$ on my consci5ce z a s91 b 0 felt to be simply a mis=tune4 ,& ,i wond]$1 if ,god desir$ t ,i %\ld h a new he>t1 & he only c\ld give x1 :y he did n d s4 ,?is 0 ! am\nt ( my reason+ s f>4 ,till ne>ly tw5ty1 ,i ga9$ little k except by int]c\rse ) intellig5t p1 = /ill ,i _h no love = solid read+ or /udy4 ,at ab\t t age1 ,i rememb] turn+ ov] ,reid's "w on ,m5tal ,sci5ce1 9 :i* my "m _h be5 deeply int]e/$1 & wond]+ h[ p c\ld read su* /uff4 ,at tw5ty t betro?al took place1 s soon & s tragically end$6 ,x 0 ! realization ( all my favorite dreams ( e>?ly bliss4 ,affection1 ta/e1 ambition1 e ?+ mo/ desirable to me & to family fri5ds1 seem$ secur$4 ,9 a few mon?s all 0 end$1 & 9 ! mo/ t]rible & he>t-r5d+ mann]4 ,aft] ! fir/ /unn+ effect 0 ov]1 ! next feel+ 01 ,?is is t indisp5sable sorr[6 ?is is to save me f et]nal dea?6 ,& s1 z soon z ,i c\ld d any ?+1 ,i began a c\rse ( religi\s read+1 pray]1 & m5tal conflict4 ,i tri$ to rem$y t p]nici\s m5tal habit ( rev]ie & ca/le-build+2 ,i tri$ to d ,i knew n :at 9 becom+ a ,*ri/ian4 ,%ut up 9 entire seclusion1 all my de>e/ hopes =ev] cru%$1 )\t hope or object 9 life1 ov]:elm$ ) grief1 horrifi$ less at 8 dreadful dea? ?an at ! awful appreh5sions he himself _h imp>t$ t he 0 unprep>$ to die1 ,i sp5t week aft] week 9 read+ ! /]n & p[]ful writ+s ( ,presid5t ,edw>ds1 ,dwight's ,sy/em ( ,!ology1 & o!r simil> works4 ,i hop$ = no?+1 c>$ = no?+ b to become a ,*ri/ian4 ,yet no "o c\ld tell me intelligibly h[ to d x1 :ile x 0 cle> t all expect$ no?+ f my ef=ts1 & t all 0 dep5d5t on a div9e efflatus t 0 to *ange ! bir?-gift ( a deprav$ he>t4 ,& yet ,i 0 told t ! fault 0 all my own2 t x 0 my ob/9ate unwill+ness to d :at 0 requir$ t alone made x ne$ful = ,god to int]f]e4 ,?is 0 urg$ z a doctr9e f ,god1 & s1 ?\gh x seem$ z if ,i 0 n only will+1 b t ,i long$ = ?is *ange1 ,i submitt$ my humble intellect to ,81 & own$ t x mu/ be s4 ,s pass$ sev]al d>k & we>y mon?s4 ,next1 ,i w5t to visit ! p>5ts ( ! fri5d ,i _h lo/4 ,"h ,i read 8 private records ( ye>s ( almo/ sup]human ef=t to gov]n 8 m9d1 & to a*ieve ! v ?+ ,i 0 labor+ =1 & yet1 to 8 m9d1 all end$ 9 entire failure2 & ?is1 too1 )\t any murmur+1 or any accusation ( any "o b himself4 ,x 01 z he ma9ta9$1 because he 0 s ungrateful1 s h>d5$1 s ob/9ately unwill+1 s av]se f ,god & 8 s]vice4 ,& yet he 0 ! model ( e dome/ic1 social1 & (ficial virtue2 s rev]5t to ,god1 s t5d] z a son & bro!r1 s consci5ti\s & fai?ful z an in/ructor6 ,9 n a s+le duty did he fail t ! close/ intimacy c\ld discov]2 & yet1 by 8 own %[+1 he _h no love to ,god1 & 0 entirely unwill+ to love & s]ve him4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i f\nd 8 intellig5t1 t5d]1 he>t-brok5 "m _h = ye>s be5 liv+ j su* a consci5ti\s life1 )\t any hope t %e 0 a ,*ri/ian1 :ile n[ h] pride & d>l+ son 0 lo/ to h] =ev] on e>?1 & oh6 :]e 0 he8 & :]e %\ld %e meet him at la/8 ,& ?us %e di$4 ,! only bro!r1 too1 s consci5ti\s & exempl>y1 0 & long cont9u$ 9 ! same same position ( m9d4 ,^! revelations took away all hope ( any good f any f>!r ef=ts ( m9e4 ,at ?is p]iod ,i almo/ lo/ my reason4 ,= "s days ,i ?\ght ,i %\ld g di/ract$4 ,! fir/ decid$ *ange ( m9d ,i n[ recall 0 an outbur/ ( indignation & abhorr5ce4 ,i rememb] once ris+1 z ,i 0 ab\t to (f] my usual1 n[ hopeless pray]1 ) a feel+ v l ?is3 t su* a ,god did n des]ve to be lov$2 t ,i w\ld n love him if ,i c\ld1 & ,i 0 glad ,i did n6 ,x 0 b mom5t>y1 & ! long tra9+ ( ye>s resum$ its sway4 ,x 0 at ?is p]iod t ,i fram$ my fir/ attempt at s]i\s argum5t 9 a lett] to my fa!r4 ,i took ?is position1 t our own exp]i5ce & consci\sness 7 ! highe/ k9d ( evid5ce ( our m5tal p[]1 & t ,i _h ?is evid5ce ( my m5tal inability to love ,god z requir$4 ,my fa!r's reply 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,spectator1 & 0 reg>d$ z ma/]ly & unansw]able4 ,its *ief aim 0 to less5 confid5ce 9 my own consci\sness1 & to %[ t1 z ,god 0 j & good1 & c]ta9ly did require supreme love to him1 we _h ! p[] to obey4 ,i 0 unable to meet ! argum5t1 & s all[$ t x mu/ be s1 & t all t 0 9 my way 0 my own ob/9ate unwill+ness4 ,b !re 0 ano!r po9t ab\t :i* ,i attempt$ to reason t ,i did n give up s easily4 ,accord+ to ! !ory ( ob/9ate unwill+ness1 !re 0 no?+ 9 ! ,bible by way ( promise1 or ev5 enc\ragem5t1 = any l me4 ,= h[ c\ld ,god feel sympa?y = ob/9ate rebels1 or h[ make promises ( hope & enc\ragem5t to ^? ^: only difficulty 0 an unreasonable dislike to ,god & 8 s]vice8 ,su* texts z ,i quot$ to ! contr>y 7z ,prov4 #b3a-f2 ,mat?4 #g3g2 ,john #d3aj7 7 n = su* z ,i1 b = ^? already conv]t$2 & no pray]s1 ev51 7 acceptable till (f]$ by a r5ew$ he>t4 ,s x seem$ impossible1 9 any case1 to pray acceptably to ,god = ! greate/ ( all boons1 r$emption f ! awful doom ( et]nal dea?2 = at reg5]ation ! bless+ 0 already giv51 & be=e t act no pray] 0 acceptable4 ,s !re 0 no place = su* a pray]4 ,?is ,i nev] accept$1 ?\gh ,i did n q v5ture to oppose x4 ,at "o "t my m9d turn$ ) long+ & t5d] emotions t[>d ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,all he said & did appe>$ s reasonable & s k9d t x seem$ to me he w\ld he> my pray]s4 ,i br\ght1 to su/a9 ?is idea1 ! case ( ! "y man :om ,jesus lov$ :5 he _h no religion4 ,"h ,i 0 met by a !ory t1 till n[1 _h n attract$ my notice1 :i* 01 t !re 0 a human s\l 9 ,*ri/ jo9$ to ! ,div9e m9d1 & t x 0 ?is human s\l t felt ?is human sympa?y = s9n]s1 & bore all ! suff]+1 :ile ! ,deity _h no?+ b calm1 unm+l$ bliss4 ,?is made me feel t ,i c\ld love ! human s\l1 b c\ld n love ,god4 ,inde$1 ! suff]+s ( ?is innoc5t ,savior1 un%>$ by ,god1 0 ! mo/ revolt+ ( all4 ,at ! close ( a long ye> ( su* d>kness & suff]+1 ,i w5t to my fri5ds 9 ,bo/on1 :]e a revival 0 9 progress1 & :]e ,i met my fa!r4 ,"h ,i receiv$ ! mo/ t5d] sympa?y1 0 tak5 to pray]-meet+s1 & e ?+ 0 said & done t piety & love c\ld devise = my relief1 b all 9 va94 ,f9ally1 ,i came to ?is attitude ( m9d3 ,i w n try any m to und]/& any ?+ ab\t ^! doctr9es4 ,i w n try any m to 'be conv9c$ ( s9' 9 ?is inability to love ,god4 ,some?+ is ! matt]3 x does n seem l ob/9ate 'unwill+ness2' b if ,god says s1 ,i w take 8 ^w = x4 ,i w assume t ,he is j1 & wise1 & good1 9 spite ( all t seems to contr>y4 ,i w try to d all ,he comm&s ! be/ ,i c4 ,!re mu/ be a dreadful mi/ake some:]e1 b ,i w tru/ & obey1 & wait quietly = light4 ,at ?is "t my fa!r gave me "s little hope4 ,i knew n :y1 = ,i did n love ,god accord+ to any ( ! ord9>y te/s4 ,b ,i 0 enc\rag$ to hope t my he>t 0 r5ew$1 & ,i %ortly aft] made a public pr(ession ( religion 9 my fa!r's *ur*4 ,dur+ my resid5ce ) ! fri5ds ref]r$ to1 ,i attempt$ ! duties ( a tea*] to two "y daught]s ( ! family1 &1 to prep>e myself1 = ! fir/ "t set my m9d to real h>d /udy4 ,9 five weeks ,i w5t ?r\gh a l>ge ,ari?metic1 ( :i* ,i knew almo/ no?+2 9 sev5 weeks ,i complet$ ,day's ,algebra4 ,two s*oolbooks on ,*emi/ry & ,natural ,philosophy 7 also ma/]$ t gloomy w9t]4 ,i _h no o!r res\rce )9 or )\t = s active a m9d4 ,!n my fa!r urg$ me1 = ! sake ( a si/]1 z my own pecuni>y wants _h be5 provid$ =1 to comm5ce a s*ool 9 ,h>t=d4 ,z ,i taught only half a day1 & ! high] bran*es 7 b j ent]+ female s*ools1 ,i f\nd no difficulty 9 keep+ suffici5tly ahead ( my pupils4 ,?us comm5c$ my c>e] z a tea*]4 ,i w5t on sev]al ye>s ) no o!r evid5ce ( love to ,god1 :i* 0 ! ma9 te/ ( reg5]ation1 b p]sev]ance 9 ! det]m9ation to assume t ,he 0 wise1 j1 & good1 & to d all ,i c\ld to obey him4 ,my great aim 9 life 0 to f9d out :at ,he requir$ f ! ,bible1 & !n to try to d x z well z ,i c\ld4 ,besides ?is1 ,i imitat$ ! me?ods ( ,*ri/ian wor?ies4 ,i kept a religi\s di>y--read religi\s books--w5t to religi\s meet+s--pray$ 9 my s*ool1 & taught religion to my pupils z x _h be5 taught to me4 ,(t51 :5 ,i f\nd suff]+ "y m9ds emb>rass$ by my own difficulties1 will+ & anxi\s to d all 9 _! p[]1 & yet unable to feel z requir$1 ,i almo/ liv$ ov] pa/ angui% ( _s1 & c\ld sc>cely n]ve myself to in/ruct !m t all ! wrong 0 _! own ob/9ate unwill+ness4 ,!re 0 a con/ant conflict betwe5 ! !ories to :i* ,i _h b[$ my intellect1 & ?\ght ,i really believ$1 & ! impulses ( my moral nature & common s5se4 ,sometimes ^! que/ions 7 intol]ably imp]ative4 ,:at evid5ce is !re t :at ,god says is true1 :5 ,he claims to be wise1 & j1 & good1 :5 ,he has done su* contradictory ?+s8 ,= a s+le act1 done six ?\s& ye>s ago1 ! fir/ act ( disob$i5ce too1 ,he has s con/itut$ ?+s t all ! human m9ds t might be made "r are =m$ s deprav$ z t n "o ( !m w ev] be will+ to love & obey ! ,creator till ,he r5ews _! m9ds4 ,if ,i 7 to act ?us1 ,i %\ld ?9k x "r = e "o to believe ,i 0 cruel & unju/ until ,i %[$ good reasons = x4 ,& if ,i saw any "o ru9+ ! m9ds ( "y *ildr51 or p]mitt+ ,adam or any "o else to d x1 :5 ,i _h p[] to prev5t x1 ,i %\ld say x 0 "r to consid] him an abom9able & hateful be+ till he %[$ good reasons = su* a c\rse4 ,su* ?\ghts 7 bani%$ by ! =ce ( a /rong w1 & ,i cont9u$ to hold on to ! ,bible z a revelation f ,god1 & to ,8 claims z be+ wise1 & j1 & good4 ,my r5ew$ decision 01 ,!re is "s dreadful mi/ake some:]e2 b ,i w take ,god's ^w & tru/ x1 d ! be/ ,i c1 & wait till all is made cle>4 ,9 ! lat] p]iods ( life1 a mode ( religi\s tra9+ has come repeat$ly "u my obs]vation1 to :i* a brief ref]5ce w "h be made4 ,i h kn[n *ildr51 no m favorably end[$ ?an myself1 & "s ( !m less s1 ^: p>5ts 7 no m e>ne/ & fai?ful ?an m9e1 ?\gh on a diff]5t !ory4 ,^! *ildr5 7 fir/ tra9$ to prompt1 unque/ion+1 & univ]sal ob$i5ce to _! p>5ts' comm&s1 almo/ su* z is requir$ by _! ,creator to 8 fix$ & unalt]able laws4 ,at ! same "t !y 7 treat$ ) ! greate/ t5d]ness & sympa?y1 & z soon z !y c\ld und]/& ! reasons = p>5tal requirem5ts1 ^! reasons 7 giv51 b always ) ! und]/&+ t implicit ob$i5ce mu/ (t5 be r5d]$ )\t und]/&+ ! reasons4 ,:5 ^! habits ( confid+ & affectionate ob$i5ce 7 =m$1 !n !y 7 taught t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ! ,mak]1 ,fri5d1 & ,fa!r ( all1 :o lov$ all 8 *ildr5 z ^! p>5ts lov$ _! little ones1 only m & bett]2 t ,he creat$ !m to be happy1 rejoic$ to see !m s1 & 0 always sorry = !m 9 e tr\ble4 ,!y 7 taught t !re are "r ways & wrong ways ( seek+ to be happy2 t ,jesus ,*ri/ came into ?is _w to tea* u :at are ^! "r & wrong ways1 & t ,8 in/ructions are writt5 9 ! ,bible2 t x is v difficult to feel & act "r 9 all ?+s2 t1 :5 *ildr5 try to d s1 ! ,savior is pleas$ ) !m1 &1 ?\gh !y see him n1 is pres5t ) !m to help !m2 t1 :5 !y fail1 & feel or act wrong1 he is griev$1 z _! p>5ts are1 & z ready to =give & help !m1 :5 !y too are sorry1 & cont9ue to try to d "r 9 all ?+s2 t !y are ,*ri/ians j s f> z !y succe$ 9 obey+ ,*ri/1 & t1 ! m !y try1 ! m help !y w h1 & ! bett] !y w succe$4 ,?us ^! *ildr5 grew up ) ! feel+ t :5ev] !y did any ?+ t 0 k9d1 hone/1 honorable1 j1 & self-d5y+1 !y 7 pleas+1 n only _! p>5ts1 b _! be/ & ev]-pres5t ,fri5d4 ,"u su* a c\rse1 ! v>i$ duties ( religion & ( social & dome/ic life 7 gradually n only expla9$1 b en=c$1 bo? by p>5tal au?ority & example1 till a "* & habits 7 =m$ t 7 f> m consi/5t ) ! ,new ,te/am5t exhibitions ( ,*ri/ian life ?an is (t5 se5 among mature ,*ri/ians4 ,)\t at pres5t express+ any o!r op9ion 9 reg>d to ?is me?od1 ,i am /rong 9 ! belief t if ?is c\rse _h be5 pursu$ ) me 9 *ildhood1 v diff]5t m5tal habits w\ld h be5 ! result1 & t ! ,*ri/ian life w\ld h begun & progress$ probably be=e ! sev]e discipl9e ( sorr[ came1 & c]ta9ly aft] x _h be5 exp]i5c$4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is a deep conviction t _m ( my "y pupils1 :o turn$ away f religion z un9vit+1 sev]e1 & un9telligible1 w\ld1 by ano!r me?od1 h be5 easily l$ into ! true pa?s ( pleasantness & peace4 ,i wi% n[ to exhibit ! influ5ce ( "o doctr9e 7:i* ,i claim to be t ( reason z truly z ( revelation7 on a m9d l m9e4 ,i h /at$ some?+ ( t hopeful1 ela/ic1 & happy temp]am5t t seem$ to make sorr[ s indisp5sable to ! developm5t ( my noble/ p[]s4 ,b ! e>?ly sorr[1 "t & new int]e/s w\ld h rem$i$ ere y\? _h pass$4 ,b t awful doctr9e ( ,,! ,,et]nal1 ,,irrem$iable ,,loss ,,( ,,! ,,s\l1 s gr\nd into my _s by ye>s ( ef=t1 ( :i* ?is 0 ! ma9spr+1 has be5 ! gr& motive p[] ( my :ole life ev] s9ce4 ,if ,i c\ld 9 any way h satisfi$ myself t a "t w\ld come1 h[ev] di/ant1 :5 all suff]]s w\ld be repaid by et]nal ages ( bliss1 & all ! guilty1 h[ev] long _! p]iod ( purgation1 w\ld at la/ be pure & happy =ev]1 ,i %\ld h return$ to life & its enjoym5ts ) fre% ze/ aft] su* a p]iod ( privation4 ,b ,i c\ld n ga9 any su* assurance )\t ! ,bible1 b r ! rev]se2 :ile all ! life & tea*+s ( ,*ri/ & ! ,apo/les seem$ entirely bas$ on ! assumption t our :ole race 7 9 awful dang]1 t "s 7 to be sav$ & "s 7 to be lo/ =ev]1 & t ! great end = :i* ,*ri/ liv$1 & = :i* 8 foll[]s are to live1 is to ,,save ,,z ,,_m ,,z ,,possible f ?is awful doom4 ,inde$1 ,i c\ld n see h[ any "o c\ld feel any respect = ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ :5 su* t]rible ?+s 7 utt]$ by him1 if !re 0 no j reason ?us to t]rify & al>m mank9d4 ,times )\t numb]1 ,i w5t ov] ! ,new ,te/am5t to see if ,i c\ld f9d any hone/ way ( escap+ t doctr9e1 & always end+ ) a deep] & m awful conviction ( its reality4 ,! result 01 t :ile1 = ! fir/ ye>1 ,i 0 driv5 to su* m5tal ef=t & suff]+ to save myself1 z soon z ! lea/ hope dawn$ t ,i 0 safe1 all t 0 k9dly & sympa?iz+ 9 my nature l$ me to r5ew$ ef=ts to save o!rs4 ,aft] su* a lesson ( inability1 bo? 9 my own case & t ( su* de> fri5ds1 no words c express ! ineffable pity1 sympa?y1 & almo/ horror ) :i* ,i look$ on ! _w ar\nd me4 ,& :5 "y & happy m9ds1 su* z once 0 my own1 came "u my tra9+1 ,i nev] felt any ne$ ( be+ wak$ up1 z "s ,*ri/ian p seem$ to d4 ,x only seem$ to me ,i c\ld nev] sleep4 ,!re nev] has be5 an h\r = ?irty ye>s :5 a mom5t's consid]ation ( ?is awful doctr9e w\ld n drive away e temptation to e>?ly ambition1 or any long+s = e>?ly good ( any sort = myself4 ,_m times1 :51 by ! pres5tation ( su* an awful !me1 ,i h br\ght ! "y to me ) te>s & will+ docility1 & :51 to ! "q ,:at c we d to be sav$8 my %ut-up he>t 0 ready to exclaim ,no?+1 ,i h be5 s burd5$ & worn z to be oblig$ to pray to =get1 & to take e lawful mode to turn my ?\ghts to o!r less excit+ !mes4 ,x 0 at su* times ,i und]/ood = :at ! love ( ! comic 0 implant$1 & if all ,*ri/ians %\ld feel z ,i d1 :at might be ! legitimate use ( works ( fiction1 ! drama1 & ! dance4 ,9 su* a case1 & prop]ly regulat$1 !y w\ld be ne$ful & only b5eficial alt]atives4 ,i wi% n[ to ask my !ological fri5ds to consid] ! "* ( my inn] life4 ,9 all outw>d manife/ations ,i took ! !ory ( religion tra9$ into me1 & did my be/ to believe x1 & talk$1 & wrote1 & pray$1 & act$ be=e o!rs on ! assumption ( its tru?4 ,b my inn] life 0 aft] ?is fa%ion3 z to pray] 9 private1 ,i f\nd great com=t 9 ! preface to ! ,"l's pray]1 ,aft] ?is mann] pray ye4 ,x 0 a %ort1 compreh5sive pray]1 :i* am\nt$ to ?is1 t ,god's w might be done on e>? z 9 heav52 t our temporal wants might be suppli$2 t we might d "r & escape evil4 ,?is ,i c\ld s9c]ely feel & pray :5 all details di/ress$ me4 ,b1 /ill bett]1 ?is pray] began1 ,our ,fa!r4 ,n[ to me1 ?r\gh my :ole life1 ?is ^w fa!r _h be5 associat$ ) unp>allel$ t5d]ness1 sympa?y1 & love2 ) tru?1 ju/ice1 & all t 0 lovable4 ,i c\ld n apply x to ,god )\t su* associations1 & s x com=t$ me--& t 0 all4 ,b ! pray]s1 hymns1 & s]mons con=m$ to ! !ory ( religion 7 occasions :5 ,i _h to /ruggle ) feel+s ( disgu/ & abhorr5ce4 ,especially1 at times1 0 ?is s 9 ref]5ce to ! aton+ sacrifice ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 until ,i =m$ a curi\s m5tal habit ( lett+ ^! ?+s pass ?r\gh my m9d z some?+ ,i did n und]/&1 & !n !re seem$ to fl[ 9 a vague impression ( some?+ bett]1 ,i knew n :at4 ,9 ! progress ( ye>s ,i came to in/ruct "s ( ! mo/ vigor\s & active m9ds ,i ev] saw1 bo? 9 m5tal sci5ce & 9 ! int]pretation ( ! ,bible1 & ?us gradually evolv$ & appli$ ! pr9ciples ( reason & rules ( int]pretation 9 ?is "w4 ,! results w ma9ly appe> 9 :at foll[s4 ,up to ?is "t1 my feel+s t[>d ,god 7except sometimes :5 pray+1 z above describ$7 7 t1 z ,he has said he 0 wise1 & j1 & good1 ,i w\ld take 8 ^w = x1 9 spite ( all ! evid5ce to ! contr>y1 & feel & act z he requir$ z f> z ,i _h p[]4 ,my s]vice1 h[ev]1 0 mu* l t ( a slave to a h>d ma/]4 ,if ! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom1 ,i c]ta9ly began aright4 ,b ! :ole =ce ( my be+ 0 turn$1 n t[>d ,him1 b t[>d my lo/1 & suff]+1 & d>k5$ fell[-be+s4 ,& :5 all my d>kness 0 remov$1 & by a simple intellectual process ( argum5tation ,i drew f ,8 ,holy ,^w all my s\l _h long$ =1 my *ief joy 01 n t ,i 0 safe1 n t ,i c\ld feel emotions ( love to ,him1 b t ,he felt z ,i did = ?is all-absorb+ purpose & end ( my exi/5ce--to save my fell[-m54 ,"s m9ds seem to beg9 religi\s life ) su* emotions ( love to ! ,creator z makes x easy to c>ry out ! purpose to obey him4 ,9 my case1 ,i began ) ! cool intellectual purpose to obey him1 :ile x 0 love1 n to ,him1 b to my fell[-m51 t made x easy to c>ry out ?is purpose ( ob$i5ce4 ,b1 9 bo? cases1 0 x n ! _s ( ob$i5ce t 0 ! gr& requisite8 ,! all-controll+ purpose ( act+ "r1 by obey+ all ! laws ( ! ,creator z discov]$ by ! light ( ,nature1 or by ,8 reveal$ ,^w--is n ?is ! di/9ctive feature t m>ks ! reg5]at$ s\l8 ,x is !ological !ories1 =c$ on mank9d ?r\gh popes1 emp]ors1 & *ur* c\ncils1 by pa9s & p5alties1 :i* has my/ifi$ t gr& "q ( life1 ,:at mu/ we d to be sav$8 s t ! answ] to almo/ e o!r practical "q is m cle> ?an ?is4 ,:at d ! great masses ( m5 suppose t !y !mselves are to d if ev] !y become reg5]at$8 ,multitudes imag9e t1 by go+ to camp-meet+s1 or conf]5ce meet+s1 or 9 revivals1 "s ,div9e efflux w come ov] !m1 ( :i* ! *ief evid5ce is t ! m9d is fill$ ) joy1 or o!r delightful emotions4 ,o!rs deem x a my/]i\s *ange1 t takes place sometimes 9 sleep1 )\t any volunt>y act ( ! individual4 ,o!rs suppose x to consi/ 9 c]ta9 emotions or m5tal acts1 9 ref]5ce to ,jesus ,*ri/1 t come by div9e influ5ce4 ,o!rs consid] x an act ( ! intellect & w1 ( :i* emotions may be ! prec$+ /ate1 or may foll[ z a result4 ,probably ! va/ majority reg>d x z a my/]i\s indescribable ev5t1 t no "o c und]/& till x is exp]i5c$1 & :i* c n be made intelligible to an unr5ew$ m9d4 ,?\s&s ( excell5t1 consci5ti\s p]sons are mov+ ab\t ) d>k m9ds & heavy he>ts1 :o w\ld in/antly become happy & consi/5t foll[]s ( ,*ri/ if ^! !ories c\ld be remov$ f _! m9ds1 & !y 7 sure t an e>ne/ _s ( ob$i5ce to ,jesus ,*ri/ is :at is requir$2 to :i* ! promises ( hope & enc\ragem5t are made2 :i* is ! highe/ evid5ce ( reg5]ation1 & ! *ief feature ( t love to ,god requir$2 :ile all emotions1 frames1 & feel+s are no?+ )\t x4 ,?\s&s ( *ildr5 & "y p]sons1 religi\sly tra9$1 are held back f a religi\s life because x is conceiv$ ( z s my/]i\s1 un9vit+1 & pa9ful t !y c nei!r und]/& or desire x4 ,at ! same "t1 x is true t1 aft] *ildr5 h be5 tra9$ wrong1 s t bad habits ( m9d are dom9ant1 ! cle> und]/&+ ( ?is subject w n1 9 _m cases1 make x easy = !m to comm5ce a religi\s life1 or make x look desirable4 ,! fe>ful sanctions ( et]nity c n v directly be br\ght to be> on ! m9ds ( "y *ildr5 )\t great risk ( entirely false impressions4 ,we see1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 t :5 ,god 0 tra9+ a race1 9 ! infancy ( its developm5t ,he made visible appe>ances1 us$ temporal motives1 & made no appeals to ! sanctions ( ! invisible _w4 ,l ! p>5ts j ref]r$ to1 8 fir/ aim seem$ to be to tea* habits ( ob$i5ce to ,god's temporal laws1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 ,he display$ 8 sympa?y1 m]cy1 & love4 ,& among 8 anci5t p m5 became 8 ob$i5t *ildr5 by j su* tra9+ z is n[ be/ fitt$ to "y *ildr54 ,b :5 ! race 0 f>!r advanc$1 s z to be able to act m by reason & on g5]al pr9ciples1 & :5 ,8 religion1 by new motives & =ces1 0 to be ext5d$ f "o nation to all ! _w1 !n ! ,creator came himself2 & :ile disclos+ ^? mo/ t]rific sanctions ( ! invisible _w1 at ! same "t exhibit$ su* a manife/ation ( ,8 pity1 sympa?y1 & self-sacrific+ love z r5d]s ^! t]rors safe & effective 9 su* a conjuncture1 z !y w\ld n be )\t4 ,) ^! two classes ( motives ?us int5sifi$1 su* a moral p[] has be5 g5]at$1 lead+ to self-d5y+ ef=ts to educate & save mank9d1 z nev] exi/$ be=e4 ,9 ! case ( ! writ]1 ! p[] ( ^! t]rible sanctions alone has be5 illu/rat$4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s love & example h be5 ! lead+ motives4 ,x is ! union ( bo?1 cle>ly appreciat$1 & especially br\ght to be> on ^? :o =m ! "* ( *ildhood & y\?1 t ev5tually is to r5ew ! :ole race1 & br+ e human be+ to p]fect ob$i5ce to all ! laws ( ! ,creator4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! inve/igation :i* orig9at$ at ! "t ! writ] comm5c$ tea*+ m5tal philosophy 9 connection ) ! ,bible1 ?is 0 ! fir/ po9t to :i* att5tion 0 l$1 ,:at is t 'reason' or 'common s5se' :i* is s (t5 appeal$ to z ! umpire 9 religion1 morals1 & int]pretation8 ,all ! works ( m5tal sci5ce )9 rea* 7 exam9$1 b x 0 long be=e any cle> conceptions on ?is "q 7 ga9$1 & /ill long] be=e any te/ 0 evolv$ t seem$ a practical "o1 z x is pres5t$ 9 ?is "w4 ,n t ^! pr9ciples & ! te/ are n indicat$ by metaphysicians 9 v>i\s =ms ( language1 b t !re is su* a confus+ v>iety ( expression1 & all is s pres5t$ z a speculative in/ead ( a practical "q1 t ye>s elaps$ be=e t use ( ^! pr9ciples :i* ?is "w illu/rates 0 atta9$4 ,?is is "h ref]r$ to 9 explanation ( future passages t o!rwise might seem to imply t ! au?or assumes to h discov]$ some?+ n be=e kn[n or recogniz$ by metaphysicians4 ,! v writ+s ( ,dr4 ,reid1 :i*1 9 e>ly life1 7 turn$ ov] ) wond] t any "o c\ld be int]e/$ 9 !m1 probably conta9 ! mo/ complete & cle> exhibition ( ^! pr9ciples1 & also recognize ! te/ by :i* !y are to be e/abli%$4 ,! writ+s ( ,sir ,william ,hamilton exhibit o!r1 b less practical te/s ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,until ! pr9t+ ( ?is volume 0 ne>ly complete1 x 0 ! plan ( ! au?or to h ! :ole "w issu$ at once2 &1 ) ref]5ce to ?is :ole1 its title 0 ,,! ,,bible ,,& ,,! ,,p1 ,,or ,,common ,,s5se ,,appli$ ,,to ,,religion4 ,b1 aft] submitt+ ?is portion ( ! "w to criticism1 x 0 conclud$ to issue only "o volume1 & to wait until x 0 se5 :at reception ! pr9ciples x (f]$ w\ld meet4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 x seem$ prop] to transpose ! title1 z ! latt] portion ( x be/ describes ! cont5ts ( ! fir/ volume4 ,?is acc\nts = :at is unusual 9 pag+ & 9 ! runn+ title on ! left-h& pages4 ,,! ,,bible ,,& ,,! ,,p4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,gr& ,,que/ions ,,( ,,life4 ,we are n[ liv+ ?r\gh ! p]iod ( demolition4 ,9 morals1 9 social life1 9 politics1 9 m$ic9e1 & 9 religion1 !re is a univ]sal upturn+ ( f\ndations4 ,b ! day ( recon/ruction seems to be loom+ 9 ! ori5t1 & n[ ! gr& "q is1 ,are !re any sure & univ]sal pr9ciples t w evolve a h>moni\s sy/em 9 :i* all %all agree8 ,or1 is ! only unity to be anticipat$ t :i* results f ! unsatisfactory conclusion t all mu/ agree to disagree8 ,! fir/ alt]native is believ$ to be 9 our future2 & x is hop$ t ?is volume w contribute some?+ t[>d evolv+ su* pr9ciples ( recon/ruction4 ,9 "s happily con/itut$ m9ds & s+ul>ly favorable circum/ances1 ! passages ( ?is life are almo/ uni=mly happy1 & no cl\ds ev] %ut out ! sun%9e ( a *e]ful exi/5ce4 ,b1 z a g5]al rule1 ! f>!r we advance 9 life1 ! m solemn become our convictions t its exp]i5ces are /ormy1 sad1 disappo9t+1 & unsatisfactory4 ,& ! nobl] ! m9d & ! m exalt$ its aspirations1 ! m surely are ^! lessons read & und]/ood4 ,if we turn aside f ! l[] haunts ( pov]ty1 vice1 & crime1 & look only at ! m favor$ classes1 we f9d m5 toil+ = ye>s & ye>s to build up s*emes :i*1 9 "s sudd5 %ock1 crumble & pass away2 or1 are _! high hopes accompli%$1 "s bitt] +r$i5t m+les ) ! cup ( success1 t turns x to gall4 ,& s1 9 he>t-hi/ories1 ! t5d]e/ ties are =m$1 z x w\ld seem1 only to be wr5*$ & torn4 ,! "y he>t gives its fre% impassion$ love to its appropriate object1 &1 j at ! happy consummation1 dea? or des]tion =ev] ends life's brighte/ exp]i5ce4 ,! "y p>5ts receive _! fir/-born ) untold rapture1 & !n "s disease or accid5t turns x to a hopeless idiot or ceaseless suff]]4 ,! "y husb& lays at once 8 fir/ love & 8 fir/ born 9 ! same grave4 ,! t5d] p>5ts sp5d ye>s & ye>s ( c>e & ef=t to re> a d>l+ *ild1 & at ! culm9ation ( _! hopes ! fl[] is cut d[n4 ,bus9ess or mis=tune sev]s ^? ^: *ief happ9ess w\ld be to live toge!r4 ,! long-tri$ fri5ds ( e>ly life are ?r[n into pa9ful antagonisms t end _! fri5d%ip4 ,! conflicts ( int]e/ & p>ty develop conduct & "* t %att] confid5ce 9 m5 & tempt to misan?ropy4 ,9 %ort1 !re are seasons :5 a ?\ghtful & t5d] _s is tempt$ to feel z if "s malignant p[] 7 commission$ to seek out all t is mo/ beautiful1 h>moni\s1 & delightful 9 ! exp]i5ce ( our race1 only to imbitt]1 conf\nd1 & de/roy4 ,& ev5 :]e ! exp]i5ce ( life has be5 ! mo/ favorable1 z its clos+ ye>s come on e>ly fri5ds pass away1 ! capacities & res\rces ( enjoym5t dim9i%1 & ! dim cl\d t %r\ds ! clos+ vi/a awak5s solemn & anxi\s m$itations on ! untri$ & sil5t future4 ,su* exp]i5ces br+ =? ! he>t-ye>n+ que/ions t come1 z x 71 f ! unit$ voice ( sad & suff]+ humanity3 ,is !re a ,god t controls ! de/9ies ( man8 ,if s1 :at are 8 "* & designs8 ,is ?is sad life our only portion1 or %all we live beyond ! grave8 ,if !re is ano!r life be=e u1 :at influ5ce has our conduct & "* "h on its solemn de/9ies8 ,are we left to our own unaid$ faculties to reason out f ! nature ( ?+s ar\nd u ! replies to ^! mom5t\s que/ions1 or has ! ,au?or ( our be+ giv5 "s direct revelation to guide u8 ,if su* a revelation exi/s1 is x made accessible to all1 or mu/ "o portion ( our race necess>ily dep5d on fallible & int]e/$ int]pret]s8 ,does ?is revelation agree ) reason & exp]i5ce1 & does x conta9 all t we ne$ bo? = safe guidance & = peace ( m9d8 ,x is believ$ t1 9 ! foll[+ pages1 x w be se5 t e m9d1 ( ev5 only ord9>y capacity1 is furni%$ ) ! means ( answ]+ all ^! que/ions1 & ) z mu* c]ta9ty z app]ta9s to ! ord9>y practical que/ions ( ?is life4 ,at ! same "t1 x w appe> t mo/ ( ! difficulties & div]sities ( op9ions 9 religi\s matt]s h ma9ly result$ f neglect+ ^! means ( obta9+ tru? & peace1 & t ! good times com+ are all dep5d+ on ! prop] use ( ^! means4 ,z introductory to ! fir/ ma9 topic1 x is important to ref] to ! fact t1 9 all languages1 man is recogniz$ z possess+ :at is call$ reason4 ,he is call$ a reasonable be+ & a reason+ be+1 & x is claim$ t x is 8 reason t places him at ! head ( creation 9 ?is _w4 ,aga91 9 discussions on tru? & duty1 all m5 seem to agree t !re is su* a ?+ z reason1 & t x is1 m or less1 to be made ! umpire 9 settl+ all disput$ po9ts4 ,x is true t v few seem to h a cle> & def9ite idea ( :at ?is reason is1 or h[ x is to be made an umpire4 ,b all all[ t !re is su* a ?+1 & t x has a v important (fice 9 decid+ que/ions ( tru? & duty4 ,!n1 aga91 among m sci5tific m51 we he> con/ant ref]5ce made to our intuitions & our intuitive k1 z if !re 7 "s fix$ tru?s :i* are sup]ior to all o!rs4 ,x is true1 t :5 we come to inquire specifically z to :at are ^! intuitions1 we (t5 f9d !m to be acquir$ notions1 & sometimes su* z are unsupport$ by any evid5ce1 or ev5 contr>y to ! be/ k9d ( evid5ce4 ,nev]!less1 ^? :o use ^! t]ms all agree 9 ! fact t !re are intuitions & intuitive k1 :i* are sup]ior to any o!r k9ds ( k1 & involve a c]ta9ty ( conviction :i* no reason+ c ov]?r[4 ,!n1 z we advance /ill high] 9 ! _w ( lett]s1 we f9d metaphysicians & philosoph]s assum+ t a belief 9 c]ta9 tru?s is implant$ 9 all rational m9ds by ! ,creator z a necess>y "p ( _! con/itution1 & t ^! tru?s are ! f\ndation ( mo/ ( our acquir$ k4 ,! tru?s or pr9ciples ( m9d ?us recogniz$ are call$ by v>i\s names1 su* z reason1 ! pr9ciples ( reason1 ! prim>y tru?s1 ! intuitions1 ! intuitive tru?s1 ! fundam5tal tru?s1 ! pr9ciples ( common s5se1 ! categories1 etc4 ,! gr& difficulty on ?is subject has be51 t :ile all agree 9 ! exi/5ce ( su* implant$ tru?s1 !re has nev] be5 any te/ = decid+ :i* are ^! tru?s1 9 di/9ction f our acquir$ notions4 ,x is ! object ( ! succe$+ *apt] to pres5t ! mo/ important ( ^! tru?s1 & also to set =? an infallible te/ by :i* !y may be di/+ui%$ f e o!r k9d ( k4 ,& ?is attempt is made ) a full conviction t success 9 su* an ef=t is to be ! f\ndation ( t h>mony ( recon/ruction :i* has be5 indicat$ z provid$ = ! future4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,reason1 ,,or ,,intuitive ,,tru?s4 ,x is ma9ta9$ t ! ,au?or ( m9d has implant$1 z a "p ( its con/itution1 ! belief 9 c]ta9 tru?s1 s t x is impossible to disbelieve !m )\t los+ t :i* di/+ui%es man z a rational be+4 ,x is also assum$ t !re is an infallible te/1 by :i* we c di/+ui% ^! tru?s f all ^? acquir$ notions :i* m5 (t5 falsely call intuitions1 or pr9ciples ( reason1 etc4 ,be=e proce$+1 x w be premis$ t ! attempt w n be to set =? all ^? tru?s t may prop]ly be call$ intuitive1 b x w be limit$ to ^? :i* are imm$iately connect$ ) ! subjects to be discuss$4 ,to proce$1 !n1 ! fir/ pr9ciple ( reason1 or intuitive tru?1 is t by :i* we arrive at ! idea ( a great ,fir/ ,cause1 :o 0 )\t a beg9n+4 ,9 briefe/ =m1 ?is tru? is usually ?us express$3 ,,e ,,*ange ,,has ,a ,,cause4 ,! position "h ma9ta9$ is t ! human m9d is s made t1 :5ev] any k9d ( *ange 7or effect7 takes place1 !re inevitably foll[s a belief t !re is "s antec$5t :i* is ! cause ( ?is *ange1 or1 9 o!r words1 t !re is some?+ t produc$ ?is *ange4 ,n[ ! "q is n h[ ?is conviction fir/ f9ds entrance to ! m9d1 nor :e!r x is consequ5t on exp]i5ce4 ,x is simply a "q ( fact4 ,m5 always d1 :5ev] !y see any new =m ( exi/5ce1 or any *ange take place1 believe t !re is "s antec$5t cause t produc$ ?is *ange4 ,moreov]1 if a man %\ld be f\nd :o 0 de/itute ( ?is belief1 s t 9 8 daily pursuits he assum$ t ?+s w\ld spr+ into exi/5ce )\t any cause1 & t !re 7 no causes ( any k9d t produc$ ! *anges ar\nd him1 he w\ld be pron\nc$ insane--a man :o _h lo/ 8 reason4 ,"h1 !n1 we h an example ( an intuitive tru?1 & also an illu/ration ( ! te/ by :i* we are to di/+ui% su* tru?s f all o!rs1 viz43 ,any tru? is a pr9ciple ( reason1 or an intuitive tru?1 :5 all m5 talk & act z if !y believ$ x 9 ! practical affairs ( life1 & :5 talk+ & act+ z if x 7 n believ$1 w\ld univ]sally be reg>d$ z evid5ce t a man _h lo/ 8 reason4 ,x w n[ be %[n h[ a belief 9 ?is tru? involves a belief 9 "s great ,fir/ ,cause :o himself _h no beg9n+4 ,! a!i/ says ?us3 ,some:]e1 f> back 9 o!r ages1 !re 7 no exi/5ces at all1 ei!r ( matt] or m9d2 b at a giv5 p]iod1 )\t any cause at all1 ! va/ & wond]ful contrivances ( matt] & m9d began to exi/4 ,! fir/ reply to ?is is1 t x is an ass]tion )\t evid5ce1 ei!r intuitive or o!rwise4 ,no be+ ev] 0 kn[n to te/ify ( su* an ev5t1 & !re is no pro( ( x ( any k9d4 ,next1 x is repli$ t plac+ su* an ev5t at di/ant ages does n r5d] x any m cr$ible ?an ! ass]tion t worlds & intellig5t be+s are com+ into exi/5ce at ! pres5t "t )\t any cause4 ,god has s con/itut$ our m9ds t we c n believe t any curi\s & wond]ful contrivance spr+s into be+ )\t a cause1 ei!r n[ or at any pa/ p]iod ( "t4 ,if ! a!i/1 9 ! common affairs ( life1 %\ld talk & act z if he believ$ !re 7 no causes = all ! exi/5ces & *anges ar\nd him1 he w\ld be reg>d$ z hav+ lo/ 8 reason4 ,& ?us ,holy ,writ sanctions ! decision3 ,! fool ha? said 9 8 he>t1 ,!re is no ,god4 ,we f9d1 !n1 t our m9ds are made s t we c n help believ+ t :atev] beg9s to be has an antec$5t cause t produces x1 & e *ange 9 any k9d ( exi/5ce has a cause4 ,we f9d1 also1 ! univ]se ar\nd u to be a succession ( *anges1 & ^! we trace back & back aga9 to antec$5t causes4 ,b at la/ we come to ! gr& "q1 ,:o fir/ />t$ ?is va/ sy/em ( endless & wond]ful contrivances8 ,only two replies are possible4 ,! fir/ is t ( ! a!i/1 t ! :ole />t$ into exi/5ce )\t a cause1 :i* we h %[n t no sane m9d c really believe4 ,! only rema9+ reply is1 !re is "s great self-exi/5t ,cause1 :o nev] began to be1 & :o is ! au?or ( ! univ]se ( matt] & m9d4#a ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be conc$$ t ?is intuitive tru? does n aid u 9 decid+ :at is ! nature & "* ( ?is ,fir/ ,cause4 ,we are oblig$ to resort to o!r intuitive tru?s to settle ?is "q4 ,nei!r does ?is pr9ciple aid u 9 decid+ :e!r !re may n be m ?an "o self-exi/5t cause2 = sev]al m9ds c be suppos$ to h unit$ 9 w & action to br+ =? ?is univ]sal frame1 ea* "o ( :i* might h exi/$ )\t beg9n+4 ,! second intuitive tru? is ?is3 ,,two ,,classes ,,( ,,causes ,,exi/1 ,,viz41 ,,mat]ial ,,?+s1 ,,:i* ,,act ,,on ,,m9d1 ,,& ,,immat]ial ,,or ,,spiritual ,,?+s1 ,,:i* ,,act ,,on ,,matt]4 ,"s metaphysicians ma9ta9 t e ?+ is matt]1 & t m9d or _s is only "o p>ticul> species ( matt]4 ,o!rs tea* t e ?+ is m9d1 & t all :i* we suppose to be mat]ial ?+s are m]ely ideas 9 ! m9d ( :at really has no exi/5ce4 ,n[ we h no mode ( prov+ t we h a s\l or t we h a body1 or t !re are any real ?+s exi/+ ar\nd u4 ,b ,god has s =m$ our m9ds t we c n help believ+ t our m9ds are di/9ct f matt]1 & t !y are causes ( *anges 9 our body & 9 ! ?+s ar\nd u4 ,nor c we help believ+ t we h bodies1 & t ! ?+s ar\nd u are realities4 ,& no man c\ld talk or act1 9 practical matt]s1 ) a contr>y belief1 )\t be+ reg>d$ z hav+ lo/ 8 reason4 ,! ?ird intuitive tru? is1 t ,,! ,,m9d ,,( ,,man ,,is ,a ,,free ,,ag5t4 ,by ?is is signifi$ t m9d is an indep5d5t cause ( its own volitions1 & capable1 9 appropriate circum/ances1 ( *oos+ 9 ei!r ( two or m ways1 n be+1 l matt]1 =c$ to a fix$ & necess>y mode ( action4 ,"s *anges 9 m9d are necess>y effects produc$ by causes out ( ! m9d4 ,& "s m5tal action is ! necess>y result ( its con/itution1 & c n be o!rwise4 ,b *oice or volition is an act ( ! m9d itself1 :5 x has p[] to *oose 9 ei!r ( two or m ways )\t any *ange ( circum/ances4 ,! fatali/ d5ies ?is1 & ma9ta9s t *oice is a necess>y act1 ! same z ! *anges 9 matt]1 & t at ea* act ( *oice ! m9d _h no p[] to *oose o!rwise ?an z x does *oose4 ,9 reply to ?is1 no?+ is ne$$ b to %[ t all m5 believe1 & %[ x by _! words & actions1 t !y always h p[] to *oose m ways ?an "o4 ,& aft] !y h *os5 a p>ticul> way1 !y /ill believe t !y _h ! p[] to h *os5 ano!r way4 ,& ?\gh metaphysicians may d5y ?is 9 words1 if any "o ( !m1 9 practical e-day life1 %\ld talk & act z if he believ$ t he _h no p[] to *oose o!rwise ?an z he does1 he w\ld be reg>d$ z hav+ lo/ 8 reason4 ,?is subject has (t5 be5 s treat$ z to emb>rass "s ( ! mo/ acute m9ds4 ,yet ! ord9>y m9d is z p]fectly qualifi$ to settle ?is "q z ! mo/ a/ute philosoph]4 ,d m5 believe t !y h no p[] to *oose any o!r way ?an z !y d *oose8 ,d !y talk & act 9 common life z if !y believ$ x8 ,w\ld n a man :o talk$ & act$ on ! assumption t he _h no p[] to *oose o!rwise ?an z he does *oose be reg>d$ z hav+ lo/ 8 reason8 ,all m5 ( common s5se mu/ answ] ^! que/ions alike1 & ?us decide t ?is is "o ( ! intuitive tru?s4 ,! f\r? intuitive tru? is1 t ,,design ,,is ,,evid5ce ,,( ,,an ,,intellig5t ,,cause1 ,,& ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,a ,,design ,,proves ,,! ,,int5tion ,,& ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,x is by ! aid ( ?is pr9ciple ( reason t we ga9 a k ( ! "* & designs ( our ,creator4 ,all m9ds are s con/itut$ t :5 !y f9d a contrivance fitt$ to accompli% "s end1 !y c n help believ+ t ! au?or ( x is an intellig5t cause1 & t he int5d$ to secure t end4 ,?is position is f9ely illu/rat$ by ,paley4 ,he describes a savage f9d+ a wat* 9 a des]t1 :o is made to compreh5d all its curi\s contrivances = m>k+ "t4 ,?is savage1 he claims1 w\ld inevitably conclude t "s intellig5t p]son made ! wat*1 & t x 0 8 design to h x keep "t4 ,9 l mann]1 %\ld ! resid5ce ( a p]son be inspect$1 & be f\nd fill$ ) contrivances = produc+ mis*ief & = tortur+ m5 & animals1 ! result w\ld be a belief t ! au?or ( ^! ?+s 0 cruel & malignant4 ,on ! o!r h&1 7 ^! contrivances calculat$ to produce only com=t & happ9ess1 ! inevitable belief w\ld foll[ t ! contriv] 0 b5evol5t4 ,aga91 if ^! designs 7 f\nd to involve p[]ful & magnific5t results1 ! imm$iate belief w\ld foll[ t ! au?or 0 wise & p[]ful z well z b5evol5t4 ,?is illu/rates ! me?od by :i* ?is implant$ pr9ciple ( reason enables u to le>n ! design & "* ( ! ,au?or ( ! univ]se by ! works ( creation4 ,! fif? intuitive tru? is1 t ,,no ,,rational ,,m9d ,,w ,,*oose ,,evil ,,)\t ,,any ,,hope ,,( ,,comp5sat+ ,,good4 ,! fact t any p]son 0 seek+ pa9 & evil )\t hope ( comp5sat+ good w\ld prove to all t reason 0 lo/4 ,no sane m9d ev] acts ?us4 ,x is by ! aid ( ?is intuitive tru? t we rely on human te/imony4 ,! sure/ mode ( e/abli%+ ! reliability ( a witness is to %[ t by false te/imony he w\ld kn[+ly incur evil & ga9 no good4 ,9 su* circum/ances no "o w\ld believe t a witness w\ld be false4 ,! six? intuitive tru? is1 t ,,?+s ,,w ,,cont9ue ,,z ,,!y ,,are ,,& ,,h ,,be5 ,,till ,,!re ,,is ,,evid5ce ,,( ,a ,,*ange ,,or ,,( ,a ,,cause ,,= ,a ,,*ange4 ,all ! bus9ess ( ?is life re/s on a belief 9 ?is implant$ tru?1 & equally s d our inf]5ces 9 reg>d to ! immortality ( ! s\l & a future /ate4 ,! belief t ! sun w cont9ue to rise1 or t ! seasons w return1 re/s solely on ! fact t ^! ev5ts h be5 uni=m 9 pa/ "t1 & t we "k ( no cause = a *ange f ?is uni=mity4 ,& 7 any p]son to talk & act z if de/itute ( ?is belief1 he w\ld be deem$ insane4 ,bi%op ,butl]'s celebrat$ argum5t on ! immortality ( ! s\l is f\nd$ entirely on ?is pr9ciple4 ,x is briefly ?is3 ,?+s w cont9ue z !y are & h be5 unless !re is "s evid5ce ( "s *ange or cause = a *ange4 ,at dea? ! s\l exi/s4 ,! dissolution ( ! body is no evid5ce ( ! de/ruction ( ! s\l1 & !re is no k9d ( evid5ce t x is de/roy$4 ,!re=e we inf] t ! s\l cont9ues to exi/ aft] ! dissolution ( ! body4 ,! ma9 po9t 9 ?is argum5t is to %[ t !re is no evid5ce t ! act ( dea? involves ! de/ruction ( ! s\l4 ,if ?is c be e/abli%$1 !n ! belief mu/ foll[ t ! s\l exi/s aft] dea?4 ,by ! same me?od ,butl] e/abli%es sev]al o!r doctr9es ( ! ,bible4 ,x is by ! aid ( ?is pr9ciple t :at are call$ ! laws ( nature are e/abli%$4 ,by means ( human te/imony we le>n :at has be5 ! uni=m c\rse ( nature4 ,& !n m5 conclude t :at has be5 w cont9ue to be until "s new cause int]v5es to *ange ?is uni=mity4 ,! sev5? intuitive tru? is1 t ! ,,ne$less ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,happ9ess ,,or ,,infliction ,,( ,,pa9 ,,is ,,wrong1 & ,,t ,,:atev] ,,t5ds ,,to ,,produce ,,! ,,mo/ ,,happ9ess ,,is ,,"r4 ,! t]ms "r & wrong1 z us$ by mank9d1 always h ref]5ce to "s plan or design4 ,any ?+ is call$ "r :5 x fulfills ! design = :i* x is made1 & x is call$ wrong :5 x does n4 ,?us a wat* is "r :5 x fulfills its design 9 keep+ "t4 ,a compass is "r :5 x po9ts to ! nor?4 ,& s ( all contrivances4 ,( c\rse1 !n1 ! "q z to ! "r & wrong action ( m9d involves a ref]5ce to ! object or design ( ! ,au?or ( m9d4 ,at ?is "t x w be assum$ 7! pro( be+ res]v$ = future pages7 t ! design or object = :i* ,god made m9d 0 to produce ! greate/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,x is also assum$1 )\t "h exhibit+ ! pro(1 t ! impression ( ?is design is s inwr\ght into ! m5tal con/itution t :atev] is p]ceiv$ to be de/ructive to happ9ess is felt to be wrong--t is1 unfitt$ to ! design ( ! ,au?or ( all ?+s1 :i* ! m9d feels (t5 :5 x c n logically set =? ! reason4 ,s1 also1 :atev] is se5 to promote ! greate/ am\nt ( happ9ess is felt to be "r4 ,! m9d is s con/itut$ t1 )\t any act ( reason+ z to ! t5d5cies ( ?+s1 !re are c]ta9 feel+s & actions t ! m9d turns f z unfit & to be abhorr$4 ,?us1 :5 plight$ fai? is violat$1 or a great b5efactor treat$ ) cruelty & indignity by ^? he has b5efit$1 a feel+ ( unfitness & abhorr5ce is awak5$1 indep5d5t ( all consid]ations ( ! t5d5cy ( su* conduct to de/roy happ9ess4 ,9 l mann]1 !re are c]ta9 acts ( gratitude & b5evol5ce t always awak5 approval & admiration z suitable & "r1 )\t any ref]5ce to future t5d5cies or results4 ,at ! same "t1 x is true t :51 by a process ( reason+1 x is se5 t ! t5d5cy ( any c\rse ( conduct is to dim9i% happ9ess or inflict evil )\t comp5sat+ good1 !re arises ! same feel+ ( disapproval ( x z wrong1 & unfitt$ to ! end = :i* all ?+s are made4 ,?is is (t5 ! case :5 !re is no def9ite1 di/9ct idea ( :at ! great design ( ! ,creator may be4 ,?is belief & feel+ ( unfitness & wrongfulness is common to all sane m9ds4 ,x is true t !re are diff]5t views ( :at actions are de/ructive to happ9ess1 b :5 !re is a cle> p]ception t a giv5 act w d great h>m & no good1 e m9d w feel t x is wrong2 & :5 x is se5 t any act w d good )\t any evil1 x is felt to be "r4 ,& ?is is s univ]sal1 t if any "o %\ld be f\nd to talk & act ) a contr>y belief1 he w\ld be reg>d$ z hav+ lo/ a "p ( t :i* con/itutes him a rational be+4 ,! eigh? intuitive tru? is1 t ,,! ,,evid5ce ,,( ,,our ,,s5ses ,,is ,,reliable4 ,?is /atem5t ne$s "s qualification4 ,x (t5 requires "t to le>n accurately :at our s5ses d te/ify1 & sometimes ! app>5t exp]i5ce ( ! s5ses proves incorrect4 ,= example1 to "o j re/or$ to sight1 e object seems to t\* ! eye1 & di/ances are le>n$ only by exp]i5ce4 ,s ! sun & />s seem to move1 :5 x is ! e>? t is turn+4 ,s1 also1 ! s5ses are sometimes diseas$ or disord]$1 & make false reports4 ,! true mean+1 !n1 ( ! above intuitive tru? is1 t :5 m5 "k t !y h _h all requisite exp]i5ce1 & und]/& prop]ly all ! circum/ances ( ! case1 !y c n help believ+ ! evid5ce ( _! s5ses1 & :5 ?is belief is lo/1 a p]son is reg>d$ z insane4 ,! n9? intuitive tru? is1 t ,,:5ev] ,,!re ,,is ,a ,,*ange ,,9 ,,! ,,e/abli%$ ,,ord] ,,( ,,nature ,,surpass+ ,,human ,,p[]1 ,,x ,,is ,,evid5ce ,,( ,a ,,sup]natural ,,ag5cy ,,t ,,is ,,sanction$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,nature4 ,! conviction ( ! wisdom & p[] ( ! ,au?or ( ?is va/ & wond]ful frame ar\nd u is su* t :atev] *anges may occur 9 its e/abli%$ ord] mu/ be felt to be by 8 p]mission4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 suppose a man appe>$ claim+ to be a tea*] s5t f ,god4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 he comm&s a m\nta9 to be uptorn & ?r[n into ! sea4 ,n[1 if ?is ph5om5on %\ld foll[ 8 comm&1 x w\ld be impossible = any :o witness$ x to refra9 f believ+ t ! ,au?or ( ,nature p]=m$ ?is miracle to atte/ ! au?ority ( 8 mess5g]4 ,9 ord] to insure ?is belief 9 ! int]f]5ce ( ,deity1 !re mu/ be full evid5ce t !re c be no deception1 & t ! miracul\s p]=mance is entirely beyond human p[] & skill4 ,m5 always talk & act on ! assumption t su* miracles are f ,god1 & t all rational m9ds s reg>d !m4 ,! t5? intuitive tru? is1 t ,,9 ,,all ,,practical ,,conc]ns ,,we ,,are ,,to ,,consid] ,,t ,,c\rse ,,"r ,,:i* ,,has ,,! ,,balance ,,( ,,evid5ce ,,9 ,,its ,,favor4 ,!re are few practical que/ions :]e we c h p]fect c]ta9ty z to ! "r c\rse4 ,9 almo/ all ! conc]ns ( life m5 are guid$ by probabilities4 ,x is n c]ta9 t se$ w spr+ up1 or t a %ip w return1 or t a giv5 m$ic9e w cure1 or t any future project w succe$2 b m5 g =w>d 9 _! pursuits ) exactly ! same decision z if ! probabilities t guide !m 7 c]ta9ties4 ,!y f9d :i* c\rse has ! mo/ evid5ce 9 its favor1 & !n act z if x 0 c]ta9 t ?is 0 ! "r c\rse to atta9 _! designs4 ,& if any p]son %\ld habitually act z if he believ$ ! rev]se1 he w\ld be reg>d$ z hav+ lo/ 8 reason4 ,! elev5? intuitive tru? is1 t ,,no?+ ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,assum$ ,,z ,,true ,,unless ,,!re ,,is ,,"s ,,evid5ce ,,t ,,x ,,is ,,s4 ,?is pr9ciple is always assum$ 9 all practical affairs4 ,if a man 7 to s5d a c>go abroad )\t any evid5ce t x 0 want$1 he w\ld be call$ a fool2 & s 9 all o!r conc]ns1 e sane man takes ?is = 8 rule ( conduct4 ,! prec$+ include ! pr9ciples :i* x is believ$ are ! gr& f\ndation on :i* re/ mo/ ( ! practical k ( life1 z well z ! doctr9es & duties bo? ( natural & reveal$ religion4 ,!re are "s o!r intuitive tru?s :i* are n introduc$ "h1 & !re are "s pr9ciples t o!rs h plac$ 9 ?is honorable position :i* c\ld n /& ! te/ "h introduc$1 & claim$ to be ! only true & reliable "o4 ,! intuitive tru?s h be5 call$ fundam5tal tru?s1 because !y are ! ultimate basis ( all k secur$ or e/abli%$ by ! process ( reason+4 ,?is process consi/s 9 assum+ a c]ta9 proposition to be true z ! basis ( an argum5t4 ,if ?is proposition is grant$1 or suppos$ to be grant$1 !n ! reason] proce$s to %[ t ! po9t 9 dispute is 9 reality includ$ 9 ! tru? already grant$1 s t believ+ ! fir/ proposition1 or basis1 necess>ily involves a belief 9 ! "o to be prov$4 ,= example1 if a man wi%es to prove t a c]ta9 p]son is a b5evol5t man1 he proce$s ?us3 ,let x be grant$ t all p]sons :o are habitually contriv+ & labor+ to promote ! happ9ess ( all ar\nd !m are b5evol5t p]sons4 ,?is basis proposition be+ conc$$ to be true1 ! reason] proce$s to pres5t evid5ce t ! p]son 9 "q habitually is labor+ = ! good ( o!rs4 ,?is be+ done1 he draws ! conclusion t ?is p]son is includ$ 9 ! class :i* h be5 grant$ to be b5evol5t4 ,reason+1 !n1 is a process = exhibit+ evid5ce t a po9t :i* is disput$ is includ$ 9 a proposition already believ$ & all[$4 ,b suppose ! disputant d5ies ! tru? ( ! basis or f\ndation proposition1 !n x becomes necess>y to e/abli% t proposition by ano!r act ( reason+4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 /ill ano!r proposition is assum$ :i* is all[$ to be true1 & :i* ! reason] !n attempts to %[ includes 8 =m] basis proposition4 ,?is process may ?us be cont9u$ till1 f9ally1 x comes to pass t ! basis proposition assum$ is an intuitive tru?4 ,9 ?is case ! victory is secure2 = :atev] c be %[n to be embrac$ 9 an intuitive tru? mu/ be conc$$ to be true1 & :atev] is contradictory to an intuitive tru? mu/ be all[$ to be false4 ,n[ x c be %[n t all ! reliable practical k ( ?is life c be ?us trac$ back till x is se5 to re/ on "s intuitive tru? z its basis4 ,s1 also1 all ! doctr9es & duties1 bo? ( natural & reveal$ religion1 c be %[n to re/ on ^! intuitive tru?s4 ,?is indicates ! propriety ( ! "n giv5 to ^! fir/ pr9ciples z pr9ciples ( reason & fundam5tal tru?s4 ,"h1 !n1 is pres5t$ ! f\ndation ( ! hope s confid5tly express$1 t a "t is com+ :51 9 all ! great que/ions :i* n[ agitate humanity ) d\bts1 discussions1 & conflict1 !re %all result univ]sal h>mony & unity ( op9ion4 ,if su* intuitive pr9ciples are implant$ 9 all human m9ds2 if !re is a c]ta9 te/ by :i* ^! pr9ciples c be elim9at$ & e/abli%$2 & if1 by a sure process ( reason+1 e correct practical & religi\s op9ion c be %[n to re/ on ^! pr9ciples1 & e false "o to contradict !m1 !n we c pla9ly p]ceive ! true pa? to ?is gold5 age4 ,x is to cultivate ! p[]s ( ! human intellect1 to tra9 e m9d1 f e>ly life1 to detect ! true laws ( reason1 & to practice accurately ! process ( reason+4 ,n t ?is alone w suffice )\t ! att5d+ cultivation ( ! moral p[]s1 & ! promis$ bless+ ( heav5ly aid4 ,b ! fir/ w\ld p[]fully t5d to secure ! second1 & !n ! ?ird w\ld inevitably be be/[$4 ,be=e proce$+ f>!r1 x is desirable to recognize ! fact t ! ^w reason is us$ 9 sev]al ways4 ,sometimes x signifies simply ! intuitive tru?s4 ,sometimes x includes all ^? pr9ciples & p[]s ( m9d :i* are employ$ 9 ! act ( reason+4 ,sometimes x ref]s to ! intellect 9 di/9ction f ! feel+s4 ,9 all cases1 h[ev]1 ! connection w det]m9e 9 :i* ( ^! uses x is employ$4 #a ,note ,a4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,s\rces ,,( ,,human ,,k4 ,we h se5 t !re are c]ta9 intuitive tru?s1 ! belief ( :i* is implant$ z a "p ( our m5tal con/itution1 & t !re is a te/ by :i* we c di/+ui% !m f all o!r k9ds ( k4 ,we h se51 also1 t we are dep5d5t on ^! tru?s = a l>ge portion ( our acquir$ k1 inasmu* z !y are ! basis ( reason+1 :i* is t process by :i* we ga9 new tru?s by ! aid ( ^? already believ$4 ,x has be5 intimat$1 also1 t x is *iefly by ! aid ( ^! pr9ciples t a h>moni\s sy/em ( tru? is to be anticipat$1 9 :i* all m9ds w ev5tually agree1 at lea/ 9 all great que/ions involv+ ! et]nal int]e/s ( our race4 ,we w n[ proce$ 9 an inquiry z to :at are ! s\rces ( human k 9 addition to ^! fir/ implant$ tru?s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 we h our own p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! nature & action ( our own m9ds1 & ( ! qualities & p[]s ( ! p]sons & ?+s ar\nd u4 ,next we h ! exp]i5ce ( o!r m9ds z to _! own m5tal hi/ory & ! prop]ties & p[]s ( all t has surr\nd$ !m4 ,?is k is communicat$ by !m to u ei!r directly by ^w ( m\?1 or indirectly by writ+s & books4 ,! exp]i5ce ( a s+le m9d is v limit$ bo? z to space & "t1 & x is only by ! unit$ exp]i5ce ( _m p]sons1 9 diff]5t p]iods & places1 t we arrive at :at are call$ ! laws ( nature & exp]i5ce4 ,! laws ( day & night1 summ] & w9t]1 ! tides1 & all ! o!r ph5om5a ( nature1 are simply a uni=m succession & regul>ity ( ev5ts1 f :i* m5 inf] a future regul>ity ( ! same exp]i5ce4 ,mu* ( ?is k ( pa/ uni=mity is transmitt$ f o!rs to u1 & re/s on our confid5ce 9 human te/imony1 & x has be5 %[n t ?is confid5ce is bas$ on "o ( ! intuitive tru?s4 ,next1 we h ! k ga9$ by ! process ( reason+1 & = ?is we are dep5d5t on ! intuitive tru?s :i* are ! f\ndation ( all reliable d$uctions4 ,la/ly1 we h ! res\rce ( revelations f ! ,creator ( all1 :o c communicate to u k t we c n ga9 ei!r by intuition1 or exp]i5ce1 or reason+4 ,9 reg>d to ! k9ds ( k to be ga9$ f ea* ( ^! s\rces1 x is cle> t ! exp]i5ce ( ourselves & o!rs furni%es u ) no?+ b facts1 z x reg>ds matt] & m9d1 z !y are develop$ 9 ?is _w only4 ,z x respects ! ,creator1 8 "* & designs1 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & ! future de/9y ( our race1 we ga9 no?+ by our own p]sonal obs]vation or exp]i5ce4 ,no man ha? se5 ,god at any "t4 ,no "o has gone to ! sil5t l& to le>n by inspection ! secrets ( t dim %ore1 or ! de/9y ( ! s\l :5 x passes f e>?4 ,nei!r h we any res\rce 9 ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs :o c g to ! invisible _w & transmit to u ! k !re ga9$4 ,!re is n a man ^u e>? t c furni% any reliable in=mation on ^! subjects f any p]sonal k4 ,x becomes1 !n1 a mo/ int]e/+ inquiry z to ! am\nt & k9d ( k to be ga9$ by means ( ! intuitive tru?s1 exp]i5ce1 & reason+1 indep5d5tly ( revelation4 ,9 :at foll[s ?is inquiry w be pursu$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,( ,,! ,,k ,,ga9$ ,,by ,,human ,,exp]i5ce ,,9 ,,reg>d ,,to ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,m9d ,,& ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,! ,,sy/em ,,( ,,:i* ,,x ,,is ,a ,,"p4 ,we h se5 t !re are only ^! s\rces ( human k1 viz41 ! intuitive tru?s1 human exp]i5ce1 reason+1 & revelation4 ,we h allud$ to ! nature ( intuitive k2 we w n[ inquire z to ! nature ( ! k ga9$ by human exp]i5ce1 fir/ly1 9 reg>d to ! con/itution ( m9d & ! laws ( t sy/em 9 :i* x is plac$4 ,we re/rict our inquiries to ^? po9ts :i* h ! mo/ direct be>+ on ! great que/ions to be discuss$4 ,z x respects ! nature ( m9d1 !n1 z exhibit$ by exp]i5ce1 we le>n1 9 ! fir/ place1 t x is con/itut$ ) desires & prop5sities = v>i\s k9ds ( enjoym5t4 ,^! are ! gratifications secur$ by ! s5ses1 ! pleasures ( ta/e1 ! happ9ess ( giv+ & receiv+ affection1 ! v>i\s intellectual pleasures1 & ! /ill high] enjoym5t result+ f our moral nature4 ,all ^! are common to ! race1 ?\gh 9 v>i$ degrees & comb9ations4 ,! m9d is also con/itut$ ) susceptibilities to pa9 & suff]+ f all ! s\rces f :i* enjoym5t may spr+4 ,) ^! susceptibilities are comb9$ an all-p]vad+ & con/ant desire to ga9 enjoym5t & to escape suff]+4 ,?is desire is ! gr& motive p[] to ! m9d1 z ! ma9-spr+ is to a wat*4 ,= ?is reason1 awak5$ desires to ga9 any p>ticul> enjoym5t or escape any pa9 are call$ motives4 ,& s1 also1 all ^? ?+s t cause ^! desires are call$ motives4 ,next1 x is se5 t ! m9d is end[$ ) intellect1 or ! intellectual p[]s1 by :i* x c p]ceive ! nature & relative value ( v>i\s k9ds ( enjoym5t1 comp>e ! pres5t ) ! future1 & judge bo? ( :at is mo/ valuable & ( ! prop] modes ( secur+ x4 ,to ?is add ! p[] ( *oice or volition1 by :i*1 9 view ( any two or m k9ds ( enjoym5t1 ! m9d decides :i* %all be secur$ & :i* be d5i$4 ,?us con/itut$1 ! m9d comes into action 9 a sy/em ( law4 ,by ?is is signifi$ t 9 e direction 9 :i* man c seek enjoym5t !re is a "r c\rse1 or "o t secures ! good s\ght 9 su* prop] degrees & at su* times z t ! enjoym5t design$ is ! result4 ,at ! same "t !re is a wrong c\rse1 or "o 9 :i* ! enjoym5t s\ght is n secur$1 or1 if ga9$1 is comb9$ ) pa9 & disappo9tm5t4 ,?us !re are "r & wrong modes ( seek+ all ! multipli$ k9ds ( enjoym5t1 :ile to ! "r c\rse is atta*$ ! rew>d ( pleasure1 & ) ! wrong c\rse is connect$ ! p5alty ( pa91 ei!r imm$iate or remote4 ,aga91 our m9ds come into exi/5ce 9 a social sy/em s con/itut$ t ! rew>ds & p5alties ( law ext5d1 n m]ely to ! good & evil do]1 b to ^? connect$ ) him4 ,?us ea* m9d is made dep5d5t = happ9ess on ! well-do+ ( ^? ar\nd almo/ z mu* z on its own ob$i5ce to law4 ,! p5alties = ! s9s ( p>5ts fall on _! *ildr51 & ! s9s ( *ildr5 are visit$ on _! p>5ts1 & ?us 9 all ! o!r relations ( life4 ,equally s are ! rew>ds ( ob$i5ce %>$ by all :o are connect$ ) ! well-do]4 ,?us x appe>s t 9 ?is life happ9ess is ! jo9t product ( ! ob$i5ce ( ea* individual & ! ob$i5ce ( all connect$ ) him to ! laws ( ! va/ sy/em 9 :i* we are plac$4 ,aga91 ea* m9d comes into ?is sy/em ( law 9 p]fect ignorance ( ! "r & wrong c\rses to be pursu$4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( be+ !re has be5 no k ( good or ( evil to call =? desire or fe>1 :ile ! only conceivable way 9 :i* su* a be+ c be taught law1 & its p5alties & rew>ds1 is by exp]i5ce4 ,good mu/ be ta/$ be=e ! desire = x c come1 & evil mu/ be felt be=e ! fe> ( x c arise4 ,aft] !re has be5 "s exp]i5ce ( pleasure & pa91 & su* advance 9 k z t o!rs ar\nd c tea* ! new-com] :at are ! "r & wrong c\rses1 !n fai? or belief becomes ! lead+ mode ( safety4 ,f ?is "t happ9ess or suff]+ w be proportion$ to ! tru? ( ! in/ructions giv51 to ! fai? accord$1 & to ! ob$i5ce r5d]$4 ,9 ?is complicat$ sy/em ( law1 x is f\nd t ! great ,au?or ( all is nev] mov$ to modify or susp5d ! p5alties ( wrong-do+ by commis]ation = ! inevitable ignorance ( inexp]i5c$ be+s1 nor by pity :5 wrong in/ructions are giv51 nor by sympa?y = ! pa9 inflict$4 ,ob$i5ce1 exact1 con/ant1 p]sev]+--?is is ! only mode ( secur+ ! enjoym5t & escap+ ! pa9 t are ! sanctions ( law4 ,& n only s1 b x is (t5 ! case t disob$i5ce to "s law 9 only "o in/ance w de/roy ! com=t & usefulness ( a :ole life4 ,nay1 m1 ! neglect or ! mi/ake ( a p>5t sometimes w br+ ! p5alty ( violat$ law on "s innoc5t *ild1 ^: :ole life w ?us be made mis]able4 ,aga91 x is f\nd t ! s\rces ( enjoym5t are ( diff]5t relative value4 ,9 ! comm5cem5t ( exi/5ce pleasure is secur$ ma9ly ?r\gh ! s5ses4 ,next come ! high] social & dome/ic pleasures2 !n foll[ ! intellectual enjoym5ts1 ! v>i\s gratifications ( ta/e1 & all ! multitud9\s res\rces op5 to a highly-cultivat$1 virtu\s1 & religi\s man4 ,! great] ! numb] ( ^! s\rces1 & ! m elevat$ ! nature ( ea*1 ! great] ! degree ( happ9ess ga9$4 ,su*1 also1 is ! nature ( ?+s1 t ! l[] k9ds ( happ9ess are plac$ fir/ )9 our rea*1 & !n1 z ! high] modes ( enjoym5t come1 we (t5 f9d !m incompatible ) ! o!rs1 s t to obta9 ^! we mu/1 to "s ext5t1 rel9qui% ! humbl] classes4 ,?us1 :5 a *ild beg9s to f9d ! value ( intellectual atta9m5ts1 he sees !y c n be ga9$ )\t a sacrifice ( _m indulg5ces t are ( an inf]ior value4 ,we n[ come to ! gr& law ( ! sy/em 9 :i* we are plac$1 z x has be5 develop$ by ! exp]i5ce ( our race1 & t1 9 "o ^w1 is ,,sacrifice6 ,ea* m9d f9ds t x has conflict+ desires1 s t "o class mu/ con/antly be sacrific$ to ano!r ( sup]ior value4 ,& ! rule 9 ref]5ce to individual enjoym5t is always to sacrifice ! less] = ! great] good1 hav+ ref]5ce to ! future z mu* z to ! pres5t4 ,?is is ! lesson ( self-d5ial & self-control fir/ taught to infancy & *ildhood1 & j z fa/ z ! reason+ p[]s are develop$1 ! ext5t ( ?is f>-rea*+ rule is impress$ on ! m9d4 ,at fir/ ?is rule is appli$ to ! "y *ild himself1 & he is tra9$ *iefly to und]/& :at w injure or b5efit himself4 ,b gradually a new & high] law beg9s to appe>4 ,z soon z ! *ild c be made to und]/& t he is surr\nd$ by o!r m9ds1 :o c suff] & enjoy by ! same rules t regulate 8 happ9ess1 he beg9s to le>n ! o!r & /ill high] law ( sacrifice2 & t is1 t ! less] good ( ! individual is always to be sacrific$ to ! great] good ( ! _m1 hav+ ref]5ce always to ! future z mu* z to ! pres5t4 ,?us life comm5ces ) desires t are to be controll$ & d5i$1 fir/ by p>5tal p[] & influ5ce1 & next by ! intellect & w ( ! *ild4 ,& ! f>!r life advances1 ! m num]\s & complicat$ are ! occasions :]e intellect mu/ judge :at is be/ = self1 & :at is be/ = ! commonweal?1 ^: int]e/s mu/ h prec$5ce4 ,& z self-d5ial always involves m or less pa91 x becomes a fact t happ9ess is to be ga9$ only by m or less suff]+4 ,moreov]1 ! great] ! good to be ga9$1 ! great] is ! self-d5ial & suff]+ involv$ 9 its atta9m5t4 ,?\gh !re are exceptions1 ?is c]ta9ly is ! g5]al rule4 ,! hi/ory ( an individual is a hi/ory ( self-conque/4 ,x is a hi/ory ( ! self-d5ial & suff]+ involv$ 9 subject+ ! physical to ! intellectual1 & bo? to ! moral nature4 ,9 l mann]1 ! hi/ory ( ! race1 f infancy ?r\gh its /ages ( b>b>ism1 hea!nism1 civilization1 & ,*ri/ianity1 is a process ( suff]+1 z ! l[] pr9ciples ( humanity are gradually subject$ to ! high]1 :ile m5 le>n to give up l[] gratifications = ! m elevat$1 & to sacrifice ! less] good ( ! m9ority to ! well-be+ ( ! majority4 ,b ! *e]+ aspect ( ! case is t ! effects ( suff]+ are salut>y & tonic4 ,! *ild :o is tra9$ to be> cold bravely1 to und]go toil1 & to meet crosses1 becomes /rong 9 body1 & ent]pris+ & en]getic 9 _s2 :ile a c\rse ( ease & indulg5ce debilitates bo? m9d & body4 ,?is is true mo/ decid$ly :5 su* a c\rse is *e]fully & volunt>ily assum$1 & is n =c$ m]ely by fe> ( p5alties4 ,! same is true ( communities4 ,^? p :o live 9 a cold climate & on a h>d soil become vigor\s1 indu/ri\s1 & ent]pris+2 :ile a s(t climate1 & su* abundance z requires no self-d5ial & toil1 t5d to national debility & decay4 ,ano!r fact is /ill m *e]+1 & t is1 t ! m a habit ( self-control & self-d5ial is =m$1 ! easi] !y become1 s t :at at fir/ 0 sev]e & pa9ful may become a pleasure4 ,su* may be ! progress ( a virtu\s m9d1 t1 ultimately1 act+ "r1 or consci\s rectitude1 may become m desirable & agreeable ?an any o!r mode ( enjoym5t4 ,! hi/ory ( mank9d ?us f> %[s t z a race we are progress+ to high] & high] happ9ess4 ,z we take ! hi/ory ( ea* nation f its orig91 we f9d x a developm5t ( progress f l[] to high] degrees ( enjoym5t4 ,!n we f9d p]iods ( retrocession & decay4 ,/ill1 ! exp]i5ce ( "o age is transmitt$ m or less to ano!r1 s t1 on ! :ole1 ! race has be5 ga9+1 bo? z to ! numb] ( s\rces ( enjoym5t receiv$ & z to ! relative value ( ! enjoym5ts s\ght4 ,! proportion ( p]sons :o secure ! high] class ( enjoym5ts is c]ta9ly great] n[ ?an at any =m] p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,aga91 ! hi/ory ( ! _w tea*es u t :ile ! race ga9s 9 k ( ! laws ( ! sy/em & 9 ob$i5ce to !m1 !re are va/ multitudes to :om1 z individuals1 ?is life is a total failure4 ,_! c>e] has involv$ su* frequ5t & fatal violations ( ! laws ( ! sy/em1 t _! progress is con/antly d[nw>d2 &1 s f> z pa/ exp]i5ce gives any data1 we mu/ inf] t cont9u$ exi/5ce w\ld prove a cont9u$ d[nw>d progress4 ,! glutton1 ! drunk>d1 ! mis]1 ! slugg>d1 ! lic5ti\s1 ! selfi%1 malignant1 & cruel--all ^! are b9d+ _! spirits ) ! *a9s ( habit1 r5d]+ ob$i5ce to ! laws !y are violat+ m difficult & improbable4 ,b !n1 z a c\nt]balanc+ result1 x is se5 t ^! losses to individuals are made available to ! protection & improvem5t ( ! race1 & seem indisp5sable to x2 = x is ! example ( ! evils suff]$ by wrong-do]s t is con/antly ex]cis+ a pres]vative influ5ce to det] o!rs f simil> c\rses4 ,?us good is con/antly educ$ f ill1 ev5 9 ! mo/ melan*oly cases4 ,we h se5 t x is ! desire ( good & fe> ( evil t is ! motive p[] 9 caus+ all m5tal action1 & we h ! hi/ory ( man to tea* u also :at k9ds ( motives prove ! mo/ effective 9 secur+ t ob$i5ce to law :i* is ! only way to true & p]fect happ9ess4 ,our only mode ( le>n+ ! nature ( a ?+ is to obs]ve h[ x acts & is act$ ^u4 ,?is is z true ( m9d z x is ( mat]ial ?+s4 ,:at1 !n1 has ! exp]i5ce ( our race taught z to ! nature ( m9d 9 ref]5ce to ! k9ds & relative influ5ce ( motive t secure ob$i5ce to law8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 we le>n t fe> ( evil is indisp5sable4 ,z soon z *ildr5 9 ! family1 or adults 9 society1 f9d t no h>m comes f gratify+ _! desires1 all re/ra9t is remov$4 ,s /rong is ?is necessity1 t :5 natural p5alties seem unc]ta9 or f> (f1 p>5ts & civil rul]s f9d x imp]ative to add ^? :i* are m imm$iate & disc]nible4 ,b ) ?is we le>n t fe> alone is n a heal?ful /imulus4 ,*ildr5 & slaves :o h no motives to action b fe> ( p5alties are nev] s successfully l$ to ob$i5ce z :5 o!r m agreeable influ5ces are comb9$4 ,a m9d t is con/antly goad$ to action by fe> ( evil becomes torpid1 or irritable1 or despair+1 or all toge!r4 ,! hope ( good1 or rew>ds1 !n1 are z indisp5sable to secure ob$i5ce to law z p5alties4 ,! prop] balanc+ ( ! motives ( fe> ( evil & hope ( good is ! gr& art ( controll+ m9d1 bo? z x respects individuals & communities4 ,9 ref]5ce to ^? motives t are pleasurable1 !re are two classes :i* x is v important to recognize4 ,! fir/ class are ^? s\rces ( enjoym5t :i* are s\ght = ! gratification ( self )\t any ref]5ce to ano!r4 ,( ?is class are ! pleasures ( ! s5ses1 ! enjoym5t ( acquir+ k1 ! ex]cise ( p[]1 ! pleasures ( ta/e1 & o!rs t ne$ n "h be specifi$4 ,! second class are ^? 9 :i* ! enjoym5t is secur$ by produc+ happ9ess = o!rs1 & is s\ght solely 9 ref]5ce to ! enjoym5t ( ano!r4 ,! mo/ decid$ illu/ration ( ?is k9d is t ( a "m :o is provid+ = h] (fspr+4 ,?is & all true love has1 z its di/9ctive feature1 ! pleasure f\nd 9 conf]r+ happ9ess on ! belov$ object4 ,gratitude1 also1 has = its ma9 elem5t ! desire to make "s returns ( enjoym5t to "o :o has conf]r$ a favor4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t ! mo/ p[]ful ( all motives 9 secur+ ob$i5ce to law is t ( love4 ,:5 love is awak5$ t[>d a sup]ior m9d--:5 ?is sup]ior m9d kn[s :at are ! true rules ( "r & wrong1 & is deeply int]e/$ to guide & aid ! inf]ior m9d--:5 ?is int]e/ is express$ by all w9n+ & attractive me?ods1 no?+ has ev] yet be5 f\nd s successful 9 secur+ ob$i5ce to ! rules ( "r & wrong4 ,! p[] ( ?is pr9ciple is greatly enhanc$ :5 ! sup]ior m9d is a b5efactor4 ,! be/[al ( k9dness excites a desire to make "s returns ( good1 & :5 x is se5 t su* a b5efactor is gratifi$ by lead+ a dep5d5t m9d to "r action1 x proves a mo/ p[]ful motive to ob$i5ce4 ,/ill m is ! p[] ( ?is pr9ciple increas$ :5 ! favors be/[$ are pur*as$ by self-d5ial & suff]+ on ! "p ( ! b5efactor4 ,! m noble ! b5efactor1 & ! great] ! good ?us pur*as$ or ! evils ?us av]t$1 ! /rong] is ! pr9ciple ( gratitude lead+ to su* returns ( ob$i5ce4 ,aga91 exp]i5ce has %[n t ! advance ( ! race has be5 by ! ag5cy ( tea*]s & confessors :o secur$ light & elevation to _! fell[s at ! exp5se ( labor1 toil1 & self-d5ial ( ! sev]e/ k9d4 ,^! are ! lead+ po9ts 9 ! results ( human exp]i5ce z to ! nature ( m9d & ! laws ( ! sy/em ( :i* x is a "p4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,k ,,ga9$ ,,by ,,reason ,,& ,,exp]i5ce ,,z ,,to ,a ,,future ,,/ate4 ,we h %[n t1 indep5d5tly ( a revelation1 we h no s\rces ( k except ! intuitions reason+ & exp]i5ce4 ,h]eaft] we w1 z is (t5 done1 include ! two fir/ 9 ! t]m reason4 ,we h se5 :at k has be5 furni%$ by human exp]i5ce z to ! nature ( m9d & ! laws ( ! pres5t sy/em 9 :i* x is plac$4 ,we w n[ inquire z to ! tea*+s ( reason & exp]i5ce 9 reg>d to ! future4 ,z to ! "q ( ! exi/5ce ( ! s\l aft] ! dissolution ( ! body1 we h only "o ( ! intuitive tru?s = our guide1 viz41 ?+s w cont9ue z !y are & h be5 till !re is evid5ce ( a cause = *ange1 or1 9 o!r words1 ?+s w cont9ue accord+ to pa/ exp]i5ce till !re is "s evid5ce to ! contr>y4 ,x has be5 ! uni=m exp]i5ce ( mank9d t ! human m9d passes ?r\gh v>i\s /ates ( exi/5ce extremely diff]5t 9 nature & cont9uance4 ,! fir/ /ate is t 9 :i* ! m9d seems to h no susceptibilities b ( s5sation1 & to be utt]ly de/itute ( all ! prop]ties ( a rational intellect4 ,by a sl[ & gradual process1 new & successive p[]s seem to be call$ into exi/5ce1 & :at seem$ among ! l[e/ grades ( animal exi/5ce becomes ! glory & "l ( ?is l[] _w4 ,yet1 9 ! full ex]cise ( all ! faculties ( a rational & moral nature1 !re is a p]petual recurr5ce ( p]iods 9 :i* all evid5ces ( ! exi/5ce ( su* faculties cease4 ,9 a pr(\nd sleep1 or 9 a deep swoon1 no pro( ( rational exi/5ce rema9s ei!r to ! be+ ?us affect$ or to ! obs]v]s ( ?is ph5om5on4 ,z ! extreme ( old age approa*es1 ! glories ( ! m9d beg9 to fade away1 until man sometimes passes into a /ate ( second *ildhood4 ,!re are times1 also1 :5 *anges 9 ! mat]ial sy/em d]ange all ! p[] ( intellect1 & sometimes r$uce :at 0 once a rational m9d to a /ate ( entire fatuity1 & !n1 aga91 ! m5tal p[]s are re/or$4 ,! exp]i5ce ( mank9d1 !n1 on ?is subject is ?is3 t ! m9d is an exi/5ce :i* passes ?r\gh multipli$ & v great *anges )\t be+ de/roy$4 ,! s\l cont9ues to exi/ aft] *anges z great z dea?1 & 9 _m respects simil> to x1 su*1 = example1 z ! ev5t ( bir?1 & ( sleep1 & we h nev] kn[n a m9d de/roy$ by su* *anges4 ,! argum5t1 !n1 is1 t z ?+s w be 9 agreem5t ) pa/ exp]i5ce1 ! s\l w cont9ue to g ?r\gh o!r *anges )\t be+ de/roy$1 unless !re is "s reason to ! contr>y4 ,!re c be no reason f\nd to ! contr>y1 = !re is no evid5ce t ! ev5t call$ dea? is any ?+ m ?an a sep>ation ( ! _s f its mat]ial envelope1 nor is !re any evid5ce aga9/ ! supposition t x may be an ev5t :i* introduces ! m9d into a m p]fect /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,x appe>s t los+ v>i\s p>ts ( ! body does n at all affect ! op]ations ( m9d2 t by ! p]petual *anges t are tak+ place 9 ! body1 e p>ticle ( x1 aft] a c\rse ( ye>s1 is dissev]$ f its connection ) ! _s1 & is suppli$ by o!r matt]4 ,! s\l is ?us prov$ to be s connect$ ) a mat]ial body t x may lose ! :ole ( x by a sl[ process )\t be+ ! lea/ injur$1 & !re=e we h ! evid5ce ( exp]i5ce t x may be sep>at$ f ! body )\t any detrim5t to its p[]s & faculties4 ,analogy also leads to ! supposition t dea? is only a *ange :i* introduces ! intellectual be+ into a m p]fect mode ( exi/5ce2 =1 9 pa/ exp]i5ce1 ^? *anges mo/ resembl+ dea?1 :i* are n accid5tal1 b accord+ to ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature1 are means ( r5ew+ & invigorat+ m5tal p[]s4 ,?us sleep1 ! emblem ( dea?1 is succe$$ by r5ew$ p[]s ( activity & consci\sness4 ,! *anges ( o!r animals :i* mo/ resemble dea? furni% ano!r analogy4 ,! humble worm rolls itself up 9 its tempor>y tomb1 &1 aft] a %ort slumb]1 bur/s =? to new life1 clo!d 9 m brilliant dyes1 endu$ ) m active capacities1 & prep>$ to secure enjoym5ts be=e unkn[n4 ,reason+ f pa/ exp]i5ce1 !n1 we %\ld inf] ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ! m9d aft] dea?4 ,by ! same me?od we arrive at ! doctr9e ( ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,we "k t ! s\l does n[ exi/4 ,we "k ( no cause t w de/roy x4 ,!re=e we inf] t x w =ev] cont9ue to exi/4 ,:e!r ?is argum5t is satisfactory or n1 )\t a revelation ?is is all ! evid5ce we h ( ! s\l's cont9u$ exi/5ce aft] dea?1 & ( ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,x is ! same intuitive tru? :i* 7)\t a revelation7 alone furni%es aid 9 reg>d to ! future de/9y ( man4 ,we assume t ?+s are to be 9 agreem5t ) pa/ exp]i5ce unless !re is evid5ce to ! contr>y4 ,no su* evid5ce c be f\nd4 ,:at1 !n1 does ! pa/ hi/ory ( our race tea* u to expect f ! future8 ,^! are ! mo/ important d$uctions3 ,we are to cont9ue "u ! same laws ( ! sy/em already e/abli%$4 ,we are to h ! same susceptibilities to pleasure & pa91 ! same intellect to guide u1 ! same p[] ( volition to decide our own c\rses4 ,we are to be p>ts ( a social sy/em 9 :i* e memb] suff]s n only = 8 own violations ( law1 b = ! s9s ( o!rs4 ,! great law ( ?is sy/em is to be =ev] su/a9$--! law ( ,,sacrifice4 ,e be+ is to sacrifice ! less] = ! great] good 9 all 8 individual conc]ns1 &1 9 reg>d to ! commonweal?1 ! less] good ( ! individual is to be sacrific$ to ! great] good ( ! _m4 ,9 all ?is1 also1 ref]5ce is to be _h to ! int]e/s ( ! future z mu* z to ^? ( ! pres5t1 & all violations ( ?is great law are to involve ! e/abli%$ p5alties4 ,?is sy/em ( law is to be adm9i/]$ z x has be5 9 ! pa/4 ,no pity = ignorance1 no sympa?y = ! suff]+1 w ev] susp5d ! natural p5alties = wrong-do+4 ,ob$i5ce1 exact1 con/ant1 & p]sev]+1 is to be ! only mode ( secur+ ! rew>ds & escap+ ! p5alties ( ?is sy/em4 ,aga91 mank9d1 z a race1 are to cont9ue to progress1 until at "s p]iod a c]ta9 portion w arrive at ! entire & p]fect ob$i5ce to law :i*1 at ! pres5t /age ( be+1 no "o has ev] yet atta9$4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ?is progress w be att5d$ ) ! hopeless & p]petual ru9 ( multitudes :o1 z individuals1 take a retrograde c\rse1 & gr[ m & m guilty & mis]able1 :ile cont9u$ exi/5ce w s]ve only to r5d] ob$i5ce to law m improbable4 ,b f ?is loss to individuals w result protective & purify+ influ5ces to ! commonweal?1 s t ?us good w con/antly be educ$ f evil4 ,aga91 ! influ5ces t are to secure ! advance ( ! race to p]fect ob$i5ce are to be1 k ( laws1 fe> ( p5alties1 hope ( rew>ds1 & love & gratitude t[>d ^? :o may prove tea*]s1 b5efactors1 & self-sacrific+ fri5ds4 ,^! h be5 ! modes 9 pa/ exp]i5ce 9 ?is _w1 & !re=e we inf] !m = ! future4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,k ,,ga9$ ,,by ,,reason ,,& ,,exp]i5ce ,,alone ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,exi/5ce1 ,,"*1 ,,& ,,designs ,,( ,,! ,,creator4 ,we h %[n t1 9 reg>d to our ,creator1 8 "* & designs1 )\t a revelation1 we h no?+ to guide u b ! intuitive tru?s1 & ! d$uctions obta9$ by _! aid f human exp]i5ce4 ,we w n[ inquire z to ! am\nt ( k to be secur$ f ^! s\rces4 ,by ! aid ( ! fir/ intuitive tru?1 we arrive at ! k ( "s great ,fir/ ,cause or causes1 exi/+ )\t beg9n+1 :o creat$ ! univ]se ( matt] & m9d2 yet1 z has be5 %[n1 we are n1 by ?is fir/ pr9ciple1 enabl$ to inf] any ?+ z to ! unity or plurality ( su* cause or causes4 ,= aught t ?is intuitive tru? indicates1 !re may h be5 a plurality ( et]nal & self-exi/5t m9ds1 :o act$ 9 unity at ! creation ( all ?+s4 ,nei!r c we1 by ! aid ( ?is tru?1 arrive at any conclusion z to ! "* & designs ( ! au?or or au?ors ( all creat$ ?+s4 ,x is by ! aid ( ! f\r? intuitive tru? t we d$uce :atev] c be kn[n ( ! "* & designs ( ! ,creator4 ,?is tru? tea*es u t design is evid5ce ( an intellig5t cause1 & t ! nature ( a design proves ! int5tion & "* ( ! au?or4 ,! works ( ,nature1 bo? ( m9d & matt]1 are full ( evid5ce ( design1 & f ?is we inf] t ! ,creator is an intellig5t cause4 ,! inf9ite v>iety & ext5t ( creation are evid5ces ( ! wond]ful p[] ( _! ,au?or4 ,! fact t all ! contrivances ( matt] & m9d are cle>ly design$ to produce enjoym5t1 :ile pa9 is m]ely ! result ( a violation ( laws :i*1 if obey$1 w\ld secure only happ9ess--?is is evid5ce ( ! b5evol5ce ( ! ,creator4 ,! skill ) :i* all ?+s are =m$ & comb9$ to secure ! ends design$ are pro(s ( ! wisdom ( ! ,creator4 ,?us1 by aid ( ! f\r? intuitive tru?1 & ! _w ( m9d & matt] ar\nd u1 we obta9 ! result t ! ,au?or ( ,nature is p[]ful1 b5evol5t1 & wise4 ,b 9 reg>d to ! use ( ! ^w p[]1 z appli$ to ! ,creator1 "o di/9ction is important4 ,!re are ?+s :i* are contradictory & impossible 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 s t no "o c conceive ( !m z possible4 ,?us1 to create & n to create at ! same "t1 or to make a m9d t is a free ag5t & at ! same "t n a free ag5t1 b controll$ 9 volitions by fix$ causation z matt] is--^! & _m o!r ?+s are contradictions or impossibilities4 ,n[ :5 we say t ! ,creator c n d ^! ?+s1 we d n limit 8 p[]1 = almighty p[] signifies simply & only a p[] to d all ?+s t are n contradictions & ?us absurdities4 ,?is be+ premis$1 we are oblig$ to inf] f ! hi/ory ( our race t ! ,creator1 9 reg>d to ! exi/5ce ( evil1 is limit$ ei!r 9 p[]1 or 9 b5evol5ce1 or 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,we arrive at ?is conclusion ?us3 ,we see t evils & suff]+1 multitud9\s & t]rific1 d exi/1 & h exi/$ 9 all ages4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is1 only ^! suppositions are conceivable3 ! fir/ is1 t ! ,creator is p]fectly b5evol5t1 & t a bett] sy/em1 ) all ! exi/+ good & none ( ! evil1 is conceivable & possible 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 yet t he _h n ! p[] to produce & su/a9 x4 ,! second supposition is1 t ! ,creator has ! p[] to produce & su/a9 a wis] & bett] sy/em1 9 :i* !re %all be all ! good & none ( ! evil 9 ! exi/+ "o1 & yet t he w\ld n d x4 ,?is ei!r involves ! supposition ( a purely malignant be+1 :o enjoys witness+ ne$less & awful suff]+1 & pref]s x to happ9ess1 or ( "o :o is1 l human be+s1 ( a mix$ "*1 & all[s evil to exi/ :5 self-d5y+ ef=ts might prev5t x4 ,all ! m9ds ( :om we h _h any k1 al?\gh1 :]e _! own ease & pleasure are n to be sacrific$1 !y pref] to make o!rs ar\nd !m happy1 yet ev] exhibit a selfi% _s4 ,!y all %[ t !y ?9k & plan m = _! own private enjoym5t ?an = ! g5]al happ9ess1 & ?us1 to a great] or less ext5t1 are selfi%4 ,reason+ f exp]i5ce1 !n1 we %\ld inf] t ! ,creator might be ( ! same "*4 ,! ?ird supposition is1 t ! ,creator has in/itut$ ! be/ sy/em possible 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 s t !re is & w be ! ,,mo/ ,,possible ,,good ,,) ,,! ,,lea/ ,,possible ,,evil4 ,we come1 !n1 to ! inquiry z to ! end or design ( ! ,creator 9 =m+ ! univ]se ( m9d & matt]4 ,to answ] ?is1 we mu/ aga9 ref] to ! f\r? intuitive tru?1 viz41 ! nature ( a contrivance is pro( ( ! int5tion or design ( ! au?or4 ,?is position is illu/rat$ 9 _m cases 9 common life4 ,if we f9d a contrivance :i* moves ! air t[>d a fire & ?us increases ! flame1 we inf] t ! au?or int5d$ to produce ?is result4 ,if we f9d a contrivance to %[ ! "t ( day1 su* z a sun-dial or clock1 we c n help believ+ t ! au?or int5d$ to secure ?is end4 ,moreov]1 :5 we f9d a curi\s ma*9e1 :]e e "p is arrang$ on a giv5 design1 we naturally inquire h[ x mu/ be work$ to produce ! int5d$ result4 ,x may h :eels t1 if turn$ "o way1 produce ! end design$1 b1 if turn$ ano!r way1 produce exactly ! opposite effect4 ,= example1 if ! :eels ( a mill are arrang$ aright1 or z ! au?or design$1 !y w gr9d fl\r or weave cotton2 b if arrang$ & work$ contr>y to ! design ( ! au?or1 !y w break !mselves to pieces & de/roy all ?+s ar\nd !m4 ,two inquiries1 !n1 are to be made 9 ref]5ce to ! design ( ! ,creator4 ,! fir/ is1 ,:at 0 ! end or design = :i* he made all ?+s8 & ! second is1 ,:at is ! "r & true me?od by :i* ?is design c be secur$8 ,we %all assume1 & attempt to prove 9 :at foll[s1 t ! design & ultimate end ( ! ,creator 9 all 8 works is to produce ! greate/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,aft]w>d w be exhibit$ ! true & "r me?od = secur+ ?is end1 s f> z we c le>n x by reason & exp]i5ce )\t a revelation4 ,9 pursu+ ?is plan1 ! fir/ /ep w be to exhibit ! con/itution & laws ( m9d1 z ! *ief & mo/ wond]ful exhibition ( ! gr& design ( its ,au?or4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,div]sities ,,9 ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,m5tal ,,philosophy4 ,we are n[ to comm5ce an exam9ation ( ! v>i\s p[]s & op]ations ( ! human m9d1 = ! purpose ( illu/rat+ ! gr& aim ( ! ,au?or 9 ! creation ( all ?+s4 ,9 pursu+ ?is c\rse1 x is ne$ful1 fir/1 to ref] to ! app>5t div]sities 9 sy/ems ( m5tal philosophy1 = ! purpose ( ju/ify+ ! classification & ! t]ms to be employ$ h]eaft]4 ,!re is no?+ m hackney$ ?an ! compla9ts aga9/ metaphysics z ab/ruse1 difficult ( compreh5sion1 & unpractical1 :ile ! v>i\s writ]s on ?is sci5ce seem m or less divid$ into oppos+ s*ools4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 !re are reasons = ma9ta9+ a real agreem5t 9 all sy/ems ( m5tal philosophy1 at lea/ 9 ess5tials1 & ! foll[+ consid]ations lead to su* a conclusion3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! nature ( ! subject inve/igat$ w\ld necess>ily t5d to su* a result2 = t subject is ! human m9d1 n 9 its specific peculi>ities1 b 9 ^? g5]ic ph5om5a :i* are common to all m9ds2 j z ! natural philosoph] inve/igates ^? prop]ties ( matt] :i* are common to a class1 & n ! specific peculi>ities t di/+ui% individual masses or p>ticles4 ,n[1 z ^? :o direct _! inve/igations to m5tal ph5om5a are all draw+ a picture f ! same patt]n1 x is prop]ly inf]r$ t 9 ! ma9 outl9es !re mu/ be a g5]al resemblance4 ,ano!r reason = ?is conclusion is ! mode ( inve/igation pursu$4 ,x is simply obs]v+1 fir/1 ! ph5om5a ( our own m9ds1 & !n comp>+ !m ) ^? ( o!r m9ds z exhibit$ 9 looks1 words1 & actions1 & ?us educ+ g5]ic resemblances & specific diff]5ces4 ,x is ! g5]ic resemblances only t con/itute ! faculties & laws ( m9d :i* are to be describ$1 classifi$1 & nam$4 ,ano!r reason = inf]r+ su* an agreem5t ( sy/ems is ! fact1 n only t all human m9ds h common ph5om5a1 b t !y h provid$ !mselves ) t]ms to express !m1 s t !y succe$ 9 s f> und]/&+ ea* o!r z to make comp>isons ( _! m5tal exp]i5ce4 ,! same agreem5t may be inf]r$1 also1 :5 we consid] t m5tal philosophy treats1 n ( new ideas1 or new comb9ations ( ideas1 b ( k :i* is already 9 ! m9d4 ,! process to be pursu$1 !n1 involves a ref]5ce to :at we h ourselves exp]i5c$2 x is an exam9ation ( our own feel+s1 ?\ghts1 & volitions4 ,^! are subjects ( :i* we are compet5t judges1 & 9 reg>d to :i* we c be c]ta9 z to :at is correct or incorrect1 m ?an we c be 9 ref]5ce to any o!r k9d ( k4 ,f ^! consid]ations1 x is inf]r$ t all sy/ems ( m5tal philosophy w resemble ea* o!r j s f> z !y are true1 & t ! diff]5ce mu/ be ma9ly 9 modes ( pres5t+ ! subject4 ,inasmu* z writ]s on m5tal sci5ce are draw+ a picture ( ^? exp]i5ces ( _! own m9ds :i* are common to ! :ole race1 !y mu/ 9 ! ma9 resemble ea* o!r1 ?\gh "s may be m imp]fect1 vague1 & disconnect$ ?an o!rs4 ,x may be useful to indicate ! causes :i* h comb9$ to produce p]plexity & app>5t div]sities among writ]s on m5tal sci5ce4 ,! fir/ cause is ! want ( an accurate m$ium ( communication by :i* "o m9d c comp>e its exp]i5ce ) ! exp]i5ce ( o!r m9ds4 ,9 natural sci5ce1 :5 ! philosoph] in/ructs 9 ref]5ce to ! prop]ties ( matt]1 all ! t]ms employ$ c be made def9ite by appeals to ! s5ses4 ,= example1 if x is n und]/ood :at is meant by a pung5t smell1 su* a smell c be produc$1 & !n !re is a p]fectly cle> idea ( :at is meant by ! t]m4 ,b 9 m5tal sci5ce1 :5 ! t]m reason or ! t]m und]/&+ is employ$1 no su* p]fect & def9ite mode is at comm& to illu/rate ! mean+4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ?is sci5ce1 a s+le t]m is (t5 us$ ) v>i\s mean+s1 ea* use1 h[ev]1 includ+ "s common idea1 :ile ! ext5t or limitation 9 e case is to be det]m9$ by ! connection4 ,= example1 ! t]m he>t is us$ sometimes to signify ! *ief organ ( physical life1 sometimes x signifies ! m9d itself4 ,9 a m limit$ use x d5otes ! feel+s1 & 9 a /ill m re/rict$ s5se x expresses ! lead+ int]e/ ( ! m9d4 ,?is involves a con/ant process ( reason+ to decide ! mean+ ( ! t]m4 ,ano!r p]plexity 9 m5tal sci5ce has aris5 f an unw>rantable use ( t]ms by writ]s4 ,9 "s in/ances new di/9ctions 9 m5tal analysis h be5 orig9at$1 & !n t]ms h be5 us$ to express ^! di/9ctions :i* nev] be=e 7 employ$ 9 ?is limit$ s5se4 ,( c\rse1 9 read+ _! works1 ! m9d is confus$ by meet+ t]ms t 9 common use recall "o signification1 :5 ! writ] employs !m 9 ano!r4 ,9 o!r cases1 su* writ]s h =m$ new classifications ( m5tal ph5om5a1 & employ$ new t]ms to express !m1 & ?us an impression is made t some?+ new has be5 discov]$1 or a new sy/em evolv$4 ,= example1 ,br[n arranges ! intellectual op]ations ( m9d 9 b two g5]al classes1 & calls !m simple sugge/ion & relative sugge/ion4 ,b 8 "w1 9 ?is respect1 pres5ts only a new classification & new t]ms1 b no new ideas4 ,ano!r difficulty 9 m5tal sci5ce has aris5 f ! fact t _m writ]s on ?is subject h fail$ 9 accurate analysis ( ! ph5om5a ( m9d1 &1 ( c\rse1 h n succe$$ 9 convey+ cle> & di/9ct ideas to _! read]s4 ,= example1 "s metaphysicians h nev] discrim9at$ betwe5 desire & *oice1 b h writt5 z if !y 7 ! same ?+4 ,?us !y h affirm$ ?+s :i* 7 true 9 ref]5ce to "o ( ^! m5tal acts1 & false 9 reg>d to ! o!r4 ,?is has produc$ mi/9ess ( appreh5sion or false conceptions 9 _! read]s4 ,"s und]/& ! writ] "o way & dispute 8 positions1 o!rs und]/& him ano!r way & def5d !m1 because :at he says is true ( "o act & false ( ! o!r1 :ile bo? acts are spok5 ( z "o & ! same4 ,meantime ! great mass ( read]s h nev] be5 accu/om$ to any accurate analysis1 or ev5 to any fix$ obs]vation ( _! own m5tal /ates4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 unprep>$ to detect ^! defects 9 ! writ]s on m5tal sci5ce1 & are easily confus$ & p]plex$4 ,ano!r difficulty has aris5 f false ideas z to ! orig9 & prop] use ( words4 ,9 mo/ m9ds an impression has be5 g5]at$ t !re is an inh]5t mean+ belong+ to ! words ( a language4 ,!y d n consid] t 9 ! =mation ( language ! ideas come fir/1 & t ! words are only conv5tional signs :i* m5 agree 9 us+ to express ^! ideas4 ,writ]s (t5 speak ( words :i* by long usage h be5 connect$ ) c]ta9 ideas1 z if !y ought n to be s employ$4 ,!y d n consid] t ! fact t m5 h us$ a ^w = a giv5 idea1 & und]/& ea* o!r1 is ! v ?+ :i* e/abli%es its prop] use & mean+4 ,if1 !n1 9 all "t & 9 all nations1 mank9d h classifi$ & giv5 names to _! m5tal /ates1 ! classification & ! names are true & prop]1 & no philosoph] %\ld claim t ^! are incorrect4 ,! object ( language is to enable m5 to communicate _! ideas1 & t language is be/ :i* enables !m to d x ! mo/ ext5sively & ! mo/ accurately4 ,x is ma9ta9$1 !n1 t !re is a sy/em ( m5tal philosophy :i* is und]/ood by all mank9d2 t !re are words 9 common use by :i* x c be cle>ly & def9itely describ$ & express$1 ei!r by s+le t]ms or by circumlocution2 t x is recogniz$ 9 ! ,bible2 & t1 sub/antially1 x is ! sy/em taught by all writ]s on m5tal sci5ce1 "s tea*+ "o portion & "s ano!r4 ,x is ma9ta9$1 also1 t no su* writ] has taught any ?+ ( any importance t is true :i* c n be translat$ into ! language ( common life1 s z to be readily compreh5d$ ev5 by p]sons ( ord9>y capacity & education4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 lead+ any m9d ( ord9>y capacity to notice ! sev]al classes ( m5tal op]ations introduc$ 9 ?is "w1 & 9 all nations & languages ^! facts are recogniz$ & t]ms are provid$ to express !m4 ,"s p]sons object to speak+ ( any m5tal ph5om5a z /ates ( m9d1 because x is claim$ t ! m9d is active 9 all4 ,?us s5sations are claim$ to be acts ( m9d in/ead ( passive /ates caus$ by mat]ial objects4 ,9 reg>d to ?is & v>i\s o!r objections urg$ aga9/ ?is mode ( classification & nom5clature1 x may be rem>k$ t ! ?+ aim$ at is simply1 by means ( a description1 to po9t out :at is meant4 ,:5 ?is is und]/ood1 x does n *ange our idea to give x a "n4 ,we "k by our own exp]i5ce :at x is to h a s5sation1 & call+ x a /ate or an act does n alt] our idea ( ! fact4 ,9 us+ words1 all we h to d is to convey our mean+1 ei!r by description or illu/ration1 & :5 we h done ?is1 to select a ^w to express x2 & t ^w is be/ = ?is purpose :i* w\ld recall ?is mean+ to ! greate/ numb] ( p]sons :o h previ\sly us$ x 9 ?is s5se4 ,= ?is reason1 x is mo/ prop] to use t]ms employ$ 9 common life to express ! ph5om5a treat$ ( 9 m5tal sci5ce1 in/ead ( in/itut+ new t]ms1 :i*1 to mo/ p]sons1 h nev] _h ! int5d$ ideas connect$ ) !m4 ,?is me?od is adopt$ 9 ! foll[+ pages2 b x is important to rememb] t1 :ile ^! words are us$ bo? 9 common life & by metaphysical writ]s ) ! mean+ "h indicat$1 !y are (t5 us$ ) o!r significations4 ,?us ! ^w to p]ceive is us$ n only to signify ! act ( ga9+ ideas by ! s5ses1 b any act ( m9d 9 notic+ tru?s ( any k9d1 ei!r m5tal or ext]nal4 ,s to conceive & to p]ceive are (t5 us$ int]*angeably z mean+ ! same ?+4 ,b ?is does n r5d] x necess>y to seek any new t]ms to express ^! ideas4 ,all t is ne$ful is to indicate t 9 class+ & describ+ m5tal ph5om5a we re/rict ourselves to "o exact & uni=m use ( ^! t]ms1 & ?is use is indicat$ 9 ! description or def9ition giv54 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,classification ,,& ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,m5tal ,,p[]s4 ,we n[ proce$ to ! classification & description ( ! m5tal p[]s4 ,n only all writ]s on m5tal sci5ce1 b ! mo/ common writ]s & speak]s1 recognize a g5]al division ( m5tal op]ations1 :i* is express$ by ! t]ms intellect1 feel+1 & *oice4 ,we ?9k1 we feel1 & we *oose4 ,ev5 ! "y *ild le>ns to compreh5d ^! ?ree gr& divisions ( ! m5tal ph5om5a4 ,to ?is mo/ g5]al division1 9 ?is "w1 are appli$ ! t]ms ! intellectual p[]s1 ! susceptibilities1 & ! w4 ,^! t]ms are select$ because !y are ! mo/ common ones4 ,,! ,,intellectual ,,p[]s4 ,"u ! g5]al class ( intellectual p[]s are arrang$ ! foll[+ specific p[]s ( m9d3 ,s5sation1 ,p]ception1 ,conception1 ,memory1 ,imag9ation1 ,judgm5t1 ,ab/raction1 ,att5tion1 & ,association4 ,s5sation is a /ate ( m9d produc$ by mat]ial objects act+ on ! s5ses4 ,?us1 :5 light1 :i* is consid]$ z "o k9d ( matt]1 affects ! eye1 ! s5sation ( sight is produc$4 ,:5 ! p]fume ( a rose1 :i* is ano!r species ( matt]1 affects ! no/rils1 ! s5sation ( smell is produc$4 ,:5 a bell or "s musical in/rum5t causes ! air to vibrate on ! drum ( ! e>1 x causes ! s5sation ( s\nd4 ,:5 any sapid body is appli$ to ! tongue1 ! s5sation ( ta/e is caus$4 ,:5 ! h&1 or any "p ( ! body1 comes 9 contact ) ano!r body1 ! s5sation ( t\* is produc$4 ,?us x appe>s t ! five s5ses are ! organs ( s5sation1 & t ?r\gh _! in/rum5tality mat]ial ?+s op]ate ^u ! m9d4 ,p]ception is a s5sation att5d$ by ! belief ( a cause1 & x is ?is additional circum/ance alone :i* di/+ui%es p]ception f s5sation4 ,if a p]son 7 asleep1 & %\ld suff] f ! prick ( a p91 or be di/urb$ by an unpleasant s\nd1 ^! w\ld be m]e s5sations1 because ! m9d w\ld n ascribe !m to any cause4 ,b if ! p]son %\ld wak51 ^! s5sations w\ld imm$iately become p]ceptions1 because !y w\ld be att5d$ by ! belief ( "s cause4 ,conception is a /ate ( m9d simil> to p]ception1 & diff]s f x 9 be+ less vivid1 & 9 n be+ produc$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s5ses4 ,:5 we look at a tree1 we h a p]ception ( ?is object4 ,b ! m9d c also h an idea ( ?is tree :5 remov$ f ! sight1 ?\gh ! idea is n s vivid & di/9ct1 nor h ! s5ses any ag5cy 9 produc+ x4 ,! p]fume ( a rose1 also1 occasions ano!r s5sation2 b :5 ! rose is remov$1 s z n to affect ! s5ses1 we c /ill h a conception ( its p]fume4 ,! conception diff]s f ! p]ception only 9 be+ less vivid1 & 9 n be+ caus$ by a mat]ial object act+ on ! s5ses4 ,memory is ei!r a conception or a p]ception1 :i* is att5d$ ) a feel+ ( its resemblance to a pa/ /ate ( m9d4 ,x is ?is feel+ ( resemblance t is ! only circum/ance :i* di/+ui%es memory f conception4 ,?us we may conceive ( a tree )\t recogniz+ x z ! p>ticul> idea ( any tree we may h se5 be=e2 b if ?is is accompani$ by a feel+ ( ! resemblance ( ?is idea to ! "o we always h :5 we see ! tree t %ad[s ! pat]nal ro(1 ?is conception becomes memory4 ,if we conceive ! =m ( a man )\t recogniz+ ! resemblance ( ?is idea to ! p]ceptions we h :5 we see any p>ticul> man1 ?is is a simple act ( conception2 b if we recognize 9 ?is object ( conception ! features ( a de> fri5d1 ?is act !n becomes memory4 ,aga91 if we conceive ( c]ta9 ev5ts & circum/ances att5d+ !m )\t recogniz+ ?is comb9ation z ev] hav+ exi/$ 9 pa/ exp]i5ce1 !y are m]e conceptions2 b if we recognize 9 !m ! ev5ts & circum/ances ( pa/ exp]i5ce1 conception becomes memory4 ,imag9ation is ! p[] :i* ! m9d possesses ( arrang+ our conceptions 9 new comb9ations4 ,we c conceive objects z unit$ toge!r ( :i* we nev] conceiv$ be=e z ?us unit$4 ,?us1 :5 we read ! description ( "s picturesque sc5e 9 nature1 ! m9d imm$iately gr\ps toge!r m\nta9s1 trees1 brooks1 cottages1 & gl5s1 =m+ a new comb9ation ( conceptions diff]5t f any sc5e we ev] witness$ or conceiv$ be=e4 ,all ! objects ?us comb9$ are conceptions2 ! act ( arrang+ !m is an act ( ! imag9ation4 ,judgm5t is ! p[] :i* ! m9d possesses ( notic+ relations4 ,a relation is an idea obta9$ by obs]v+ "o ?+ 9 connection ) ano!r4 ,?us1 :5 we p]ceive "o ?+ to be long] ?an ano!r1 "o ?+ to be on ano!r1 or "o ?+ to belong to ano!r--9 all ^! cases ! m9d notices relations1 or ex]cises ! faculty ( judgm5t4 ,?us1 also1 :5 we comp>e any action ) ! rule ( duty 9 ord] to decide :e!r x is "r or wrong1 we ex]cise ! same faculty4 ,?is act always is necess>ily prec$$ by ! comp>ison ( "o ?+ ) ano!r1 9 ord] to notice ! relations4 ,ab/raction is ! p[] ( notic+ c]ta9 p>ts or qualities ( any object1 z di/9ct f o!r p>ts or qualities4 ,?us1 :5 we notice ! l5g? ( a bridge )\t att5d+ to ! bread? or color1 or :5 we notice ! height ( a man )\t ?9k+ ( 8 "*1 we ex]cise ! faculty ( ab/raction4 ,att5tion is ! direction ( ! m9d to any p>ticul> object or quality1 f ! int]e/ :i* is felt 9 x1 or 9 some?+ connect$ ) x4 ,! degree ( att5tion is always proportion$ to ! degree ( int]e/ felt 9 ! object4 ,association is ! p[] possess$ by ! m9d ( recall+ ideas 9 ! connections & relations 9 :i* !y h exi/$ 9 pa/ exp]i5ce4 ,= example1 :5 any two objects1 su* z a h\se & a tree1 h (t5 be5 obs]v$ toge!r1 ! idea ( "o w ord9>ily be att5d$ by t ( ! o!r4 ,if two ev5ts h (t5 be5 unit$ toge!r 9 reg>d to ! "t ( _! occurr5ce1 su*1 = example1 z ?und] & lightn+1 ! idea ( "o w usually be att5d$ by ! o!r4 ,9 ?is "w1 ! aim is to introduce no m ( m5tal analysis ?an is ne$$ = its ma9 object4 ,:at is "h introduc$ is n claim$ z a complete pres5tation ( all ! m5tal ph5om5a4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,s5sation ,,& ,,p]ception4 ,z !re is no di/9ction betwe5 s5sation & p]ception except 9 ! fact t "o is att5d$ ) ! belief ( a cause & ! o!r is n1 !y w be treat$ ( toge!r4 ,! m9d ( man is an immat]ial exi/5ce1 conf9$ 9 its op]ations by ! body x inhabits1 & dep5d+ ^u ! con/ruction & modifications ( ?is envelope = mu* ( its happ9ess or suff]+4 ,! ex]cise ( ! imag9ation1 :5 ! eyes are clos$ & ! body at re/1 w probably give u ! be/ idea ( :at is ! nature ( spiritual exi/5ce :5 disconnect$ ) matt]4 ,x is "o ( ! (fices ( our bodily sy/em to reta9 ! _s 9 its op]ations 9 "o p>ticul> place1 s t ord9>ily x c h direct communion ) no o!r m9d :i* is n 9 ! same place4 ,:e!r ?is is ! case ) m]e spiritual exi/5ce is a "q = conjecture1 & n = any rational decision4 ,:ile ! _s ( man is resid5t 9 its mat]ial frame1 x is furni%$ ) facilities ( communication ) o!r m9ds1 & ) organs :i* fit x to receive suff]+ or enjoym5t f ! mat]ial objects by :i* x is surr\nd$4 ,^! organs ( communication are ! sev]al s5ses4 ,!y consi/ ( expansions ( ! sub/ance ( :i* ! bra9 is =m$1 :i*1 desc5d+ to ! body ?r\gh ! sp9al bone ( ! back1 are !nce s5t out 9 ?\s&s ( ramifications ov] ! :ole sy/em4 ,^? bran*es :i* ent] ! eyes1 & are spread ov] ! int]ior back "p ( ?is organ1 are call$ ! optic n]ve4 ,:5ev] ! p>ticles ( light ent] ! eye1 !y /rike ! optic n]ve1 & produce ! s5sation :i* is call$ sight4 ,^? bran*es :i* are spread ov] ! tongue are ! organ ( ta/e4 ,^? t are ext5d$ ?r\gh ! cavities ( ! no/rils are call$ ! olfactory n]ves4 ,:5 ! small p>ticles ( matt] t escape f odorif]\s bodies come 9 contact ) ^! n]ves1 !y produce ! s5sation ( smell4 ,! n]ves t con/itute ! organ ( he>+ are ext5d$ ov] ! cavity ( ! e> beh9d ! tympanum1 or e>-drum4 ,?is cavity is fill$ ) a liquid1 & :5 ! drum ( ! e> is caus$ to vibrate by ! air :i* is set 9 motion by sonor\s bodies1 x produces undulations ( ?is liquid ^u ^! n]ves1 & ?us ! s5sation ( s\nd is produc$4 ,by ! expansion ( o!r n]ves1 ! s5se ( feel+ is ext5d$ all ov] ! body1 except+ ! nails & ! hair4 ,x is by ! action ( matt]1 9 its diff]5t =ms1 on ^! sev]al s5ses1 t ! m9d obta9s ideas1 & t ideas are imp>t$ f "o m9d to ano!r4 ,p]ception nev] takes place unless "s mat]ial object makes an impression ^u "o ( ! s5ses4 ,9 ! case ( ! eye1 ! e>1 & ! no/rils1 ! object :i* is reg>d$ z ! cause ( ! s5sation does n come imm$iately 9 contact ) ! organs ( s5se4 ,:5 we see a body1 we consid] x z ! cause ( t p]ception2 b x is n ! body t comes 9 contact ) ! organ ( sight1 b m]ely ! p>ticles ( light reflect$ f t body4 ,9 ! case ( smell1 ! fragrant body is reg>d$ z ! cause ( ! s5sation2 b t :i* acts on ! s5se is ! mat]ial p>ticles ( p]fume :i* fl[ f t body4 ,?us1 also1 ) he>+4 ,we consid] ! sonor\s body z ! cause2 b ! s5sation is produc$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! air1 :i* affects ! drum ( ! e>4 ,b 9 ! case ( ta/e & t\*1 ! body :i* is reg>d$ by ! m9d z ! cause mu/ come 9 contact ) ! n]ves ( ! tongue or ! body to produce ! s5sation4 ,smell4 ,! s5se ( smell is "o :i* greatly conduces to ! pres]vation1 ! com=t1 & ! happ9ess ( man4 ,x is a cont9ual aid to him 9 detect+ pollut$ atmosph]e or unheal?y food4 ,! direct enjoym5t x af=ds is probably less 9 am\nt ?an t d]iv$ f any ( ! o!r s5ses2 yet1 7 we depriv$ ( all ! enjoym5t ga9$ ?r\gh ?is s\rce1 we %\ld probably f9d ! privation mu* great] ?an we at fir/ might imag9e4 ,:5 we walk =? among ! beauties ( nature1 ! fre% p]fumes t s5d =? _! inc5se are s\rces bo? ( imm$iate & succe$+ gratification4 ,! beautiful images ( nature :i* rise to ! m9d 9 our imag9ative h\rs1 w\ld lose _m ( _! obscure b *>m+ associations 7 ! fields /ripp$ ( ! fragrance ( _! gre5s & ! fl[]s ( _! sweet p]fumes4 ,nature w\ld appe> to h lo/ t mov+ _s ( life :i* n[ ev] rides ^u ! ev5+ zephyrs & ! summ] breeze4 ,z x is1 z we walk abroad1 all nature seems to s5d =? its welcome1 :ile to its ,mak]'s praise ,ea* odor\s leaf1 ,ea* op5+ blossom1 freely brea!s abroad ,its gratitude1 & ?anks ,him ) its sweets4 ,ta/e4 ,:5 a sapid body is appli$ to ! organ ( ta/e1 two s5sations are produc$1 "o ( t\* & "o ( ta/e4 ,we are consci\s ( ! diff]5ce ( ^! s5sations :5 we apply a body to ! tongue :i* has ta/e1 & !n imm$iately "o :i* has n4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ! same set ( n]ves s]ve bo? purposes4 ,x is "o ( ! numb]less evid5ces ( ! b5evol5ce ( our ,creator t ! process :i* is necess>y = ! pres]vation ( life1 & :i* dep5ds ^u ! volunt>y activity ( e human be+1 %\ld be connect$ ) a s5se :i* af=ds su* gratification t ! duty is s\ght z a pleasure4 ,7 mank9d l$ to seek food m]ely 9 ! ex]cise ( reason = ! purpose ( pres]v+ life1 multitudes1 ?r\gh c>elessness & =getfulness1 w\ld be p]petually neglect+ t regul> supply )\t :i* ! animal sy/em w\ld become d]ang$ & enfeebl$4 ,by ! pres5t con/itution ( ! body1 ! gratification ( ?is s5se is an object ( desire1 & ?us we are cont9ually rem9d$ ( our duty1 & l$ to x z a s\rce ( enjoym5t4 ,nor is x ! gratification ( ?is s5se :i* is ! only s\rce ( enjoym5t connect$ ) x4 ,! regul> p]iods = repa/ br+ ar\nd ! social bo>d ^? unit$ to ea* o!r by ! t5d]e/ ties ( k9dr$ & affection4 ,^! become seasons ( *e]ful hil>ity & relaxation1 seasons ( cessation f daily c>es1 seasons = ! int]*ange ( k9d feel+s & intellectual /ores2 & :ile ! m]e gratification ( s5se is "o s\rce ( pleasure1 to ?is is (t5 add$ ! fea/ ( reason & ! fl[ ( s\l4 ,! effect on ! be/ feel+s 9 ?us assembl+ to p>ticipate 9 common bless+s is sc>cely ev] appreciat$4 ,did e individual ( our race retire to secrecy & solitude to satisfy ! crav+s ( nature1 h[ mu* w\ld ! sum ( human happ9ess be dim9i%$6 ,b ?us has our b5evol5t ,creator contriv$ t "o s\rce ( enjoym5t %\ld s]ve z an occasion = introduc+ _m m4 ,he>+4 ,! s5se ( he>+ is "o m connect$ ) ! intellectual & moral p[]s ( man ?an ei!r ta/e or smell1 z x is ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ?is organ t bo? music & spee* op]ate on ! human m9d4 ,we c =m "s imp]fect e/imate ( ! am\nt ( happ9ess d]iv$ f ?is s5se by imag9+ ! condition ( mank9d 7 !y at once & =ev] depriv$ ( ?is s\rce ( improvem5t & enjoym5t4 ,! voice ( sympa?y1 fri5d%ip1 & love w\ld be hu%$4 ,! eloqu5ce ( ! =um1 ! debates ( ! ,legislature1 ! in/ructions ( ! pulpit1 w\ld cease4 ,! music ( nature--its sigh+ w9ds & da%+ wat]s--w\ld be /ill$1 & ! w>bl+ ( ! groves w\ld *>m no m4 ,! s\nd ( pipe1 & h>p1 & solemn h>monies ( voice w\ld nev] aga9 wak5 ! s\l to ?rill+ & nameless emotions4 ,:]e n[ t5 ?\s& s\nds ( active life1 or *e]ful hum ( bus9ess1 or music ( language & song *>m & animate ! s\l1 man w\ld walk =? 9 sil5ce & solitude4 ,! op]ation ( m]e s\nd1 disconnect$ ) ! ideas :i* are (t5 convey$ by x1 is a subject ( curi\s speculation4 ,s\nds diff] f ea* o!r 9 quality1 pit*1 =ce1 & 9 l5g?4 ,! diff]5ce 9 tone may be illu/rat$ by ! s\nds ( a cl>ionet comp>$ ) ! s\nd ( a bell or ( ! human voice4 ,e in/rum5t & e human voice has ea* a peculi> tone by :i* x is di/+ui%$ f all o!rs4 ,! diff]5ce 9 pit* is %[n by s\nd+ a l[ & a high note 9 succession on an in/rum5t4 ,! diff]5ce 9 =ce is exhibit$ by s++ or speak+ l\d or s(t4 ,!re are c]ta9 s\nds t 9 !mselves are ei!r agreeable or disagreeable f _! tone alone4 ,?us ! s\nd ( a flute is agreeable1 & t ( ! fil+ ( a saw is disagreeable4 ,s\nds also are agreeable accord+ z !y succe$ ea* o!r4 ,melody is a succession ( agreeable tones arrang$ 9 "s regul> ord] z x respects _! duration & succession4 ,"s melodies are mu* m agreeable to ! e> ?an o!rs4 ,"s melodies produce a pla9tive /ate ( m9d1 o!rs exhil>ate1 & ?is )\t reg>d to any ?+ except ! nature ( ! s\nds & _! succession4 ,?us a v "y infant1 by a c]ta9 succession ( musical tones1 c be made ei!r to weep 9 sorr[ or smile ) joy4 ,h>mony is a c]ta9 comb9ation ( s\nds :i* are agreeable to ! e>2 & x is f\nd t ! m9d c be mu* m p[]fully affect$ by a comb9ation ( h>moni\s s\nds ?an by any melody4 ,! effect ( music on c]ta9 m9ds is v p[]ful1 (t5 awak5+ /range & indescribable emotions4 ,x has be51 !re=e1 mu* employ$ bo? to height5 social1 patriotic1 & devotional feel+4 ,!re is probably no?+ :i* produces /rong] & m abid+ associations 9 ! m9d ?an musical s\nds4 ,z an example ( ?is may be m5tion$ ! national air :i* is sung by ! ,swiss 9 _! native valleys4 ,x is said t :5 !y become w&]]s 9 =eign l&s1 s /rongly w ?is wild music recall ! sc5es ( _! *ildhood & y\?1 _! native skies1 _! t[]+ m\nta9s & romantic gl5s1 ) all ! /rong local atta*m5ts t ga!r ar\nd su* objects1 t _! he>t sick5s ) long+ desires to return4 ,& s mu* 0 ?is ! case ) ! ,swiss ( ! ,fr5* armies1 t ,bonap>te =bade ?is air be+ play$ among 8 troops4 ,! ,m>seilles ,hymn1 :i* 0 *ant$ 9 ! sc5es ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 0 said to h be5 p]fectly electrify+1 & to h produc$ m effect ?an all ! eloqu5ce ( orators or ma*9ations ( /atesm54 ,! m9d seems to acquire by exp]i5ce only ! p[] ( det]m9+ ! place :5ce s\nds orig9ate4 ,x is probable t1 at fir/1 s\nds seem to orig9ate )9 ! e> ( ! p]son :o he>s2 &1 ev5 aft] long exp]i5ce1 cases h be5 kn[n1 :5 a p]son sudd5ly wak$ f sleep imag9$ ! ?robb+ ( 8 own he>t 0 a knock+ at ! door4 ,b obs]vation & exp]i5ce soon tea* u ! direction & ! di/ance ( s\nds4 ,! art ( ! v5triloqui/ consi/s 9 no?+ b ! p[] :i* a nice & accurate e> gives him ( di/+ui%+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 s\nds :5 ne> or f> (f1 & ( imitat+ !m4 ,t\*4 ,! s5se ( t\* is n conf9$ to "o p>ticul> organ1 b is ext5d$ ov] ! :ole sy/em1 bo? ext]nally & int]nally4 ,x is 9 ! h&s1 h[ev]1 especially at ! ends ( ! f+]s1 t ?is s5se is mo/ acute & mo/ employ$4 ,we acquire _m m ideas by ! aid ( ?is s5se ?an by ei!r he>+1 smell1 or ta/e4 ,by ^! la/ we become acqua9t$ ) only "o p>ticul> quality 9 a body1 ei!r ( ta/e1 smell1 or s\nd2 b by means ( ! t\* we le>n su* qualities z heat & cold1 r\ghness & smoo?ness1 h>dness & s(tness1 figure1 solidity1 & ext5sion4 ,x is suppos$ t x is by ?is s5se t we ga9 ! idea ( some?+ ext]nal1 or )\t ourselves4 ,! s5sation ( smell w\ld seem to be )91 z an act or emotion ( ! s\l itself4 ,?us also ) he>+1 :i*1 be+ produc$ )9 ! e> by ! undulat+ air1 w\ld seem to orig9ate )94 ,?us also ) s5sations )9 ! eye4 ,b :5 ! limbs beg9 to move & to come 9 contact ) outw>d objects1 & also 9 contact ) v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 ! m9d ga9s an idea ( ! exi/5ce ( "s outw>d object4 ,?is is probably ! fir/ s5se by :i* any idea ( exi/5ce is wak5$ 9 ! m9d4 ,z "o s5se aft] ano!r is call$ into action1 ! m9d cont9ually ga9s new ideas1 & !n beg9s its op]ations ( comp>+1 ab/ract+1 reason+1 & will+4 ,x is by ! s5se ( t\* t we ga9 our ideas ( resi/ance & ext5sion4 ,9 ! class ( ideas includ$ "u ! head ( ideas ( resi/ance may be plac$ ^? ( solidity1 liquidity1 h>dness1 s(tness1 viscidity1 r\ghness1 & smoo?ness2 ^! all be+ diff]5t names = diff]5t modes ( resi/ance to ! muscles ( ! h&s1 arms1 or f+]s1 :5 appli$ to ! bodies :i* h ^! qualities4 ,^! ideas are n ga9$ by simple contact2 _! exi/5ce dep5ds ^u ! contraction or expansion ( ! muscles1 :i* are ! organs ( motion & resi/ance 9 ! human body4 ,we may suppose ! infant to ga9 ^! ideas by a process some:at simil> to ?is3 ,he fir/ moves 8 arms by in/9ct1 )\t any k ( ! effects to foll[4 ,by ?is movem5t he ga9s c]ta9 ideas ( ! simple contractions & ext5sion ( 8 muscles1 & le>ns also t by 8 own w he c ex]cise 8 muscles 9 ?is mann]4 ,at l5g? he attempts to move 8 arm 9 a mann] to :i* he has become famili>1 & "s object int]v5es1 & motion is prev5t$1 :ile all 8 wont$ muscul> ef=ts are va94 ,?us arises 9 8 m9d a new idea1 ( resi/ance1 9 addition to ! s5sations ( t\* & ( motion1 :i* _h be=e be5 exp]i5c$4 ,! ideas ( diff]5t degrees ( ?is resi/ance are ga9$ by repeat$ exp]i5ce1 & :5 age furni%es ! ability to und]/& language1 ! names ( h>dness1 s(tness1 r\ghness1 & ! l1 are giv5 to ^! ideas4 ,9 ! use ( 8 muscles1 also1 ! infant mu/ fir/ acquire its ideas ( ext5sion & figure2 = x mu/ be :]e resi/ance to muscul> ef=t ceases t he mu/ feel t ! cause ceases to exi/4 ,! little be+ ext5ds 8 h&--an object int]v5es :i* int]rupts 8 muscul> motions2 he grasps ?is object1 & :]ev] ?is feel+ ( resi/ance exi/s1 !re he feels t ! cause ( x exi/s1 & t aft] he has pass$ c]ta9 limits x does n exi/4 ,figure is def9$ z ! limits ( ext5sion1 &1 ( c\rse1 x c be se5 t ideas ( figure c only be ga9$ by ?us f9d+ ! limits ( ext5sion4 ,x has =m]ly be5 suppos$ t ideas ( ext5sion & figure 7 ga9$ by ! eye1 b lat] exp]im5ts & discussions %[ t ! s5se ( feel+1 includ+ muscul> motion1 is ! m$ium by :i* ^! ideas are fir/ ga9$1 & t aft]w>d ! eye1 by ! pr9ciple ( association1 acquires ! p[] ( di/+ui%+ figure & di/ance4 ,!re is mu* enjoym5t result+ f ! s5se ( t\* 9 _m ways1 a l>ge portion ( :i* is almo/ unnotic$4 ,mu* also includ$ "u ! t]m com=t results f ?is s5se4 ,mu* ( t :i* is agreeable 9 clo?+ & 9 objects ar\nd u is ( ?is nature4 ,besides ?is1 !re are _m ende>m5ts ( fri5d%ip & affection t ga9 expression only ?r\gh ?is m$ium4 ,vision4 ,! organ ( vision is ! eye1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ curi\s & wond]ful p>ts ( ! human frame1 & displays 9 a/oni%+ v>iety ! wisdom & skill ( its ,design]4 ,! eye consi/s ( a r\nd ball1 =m$ ext]nally ( v>i\s cov]+s1 & )9 ( humors ( diff]5t degrees ( consi/5cy4 ,! front "p ( ! eye1 :i* is expos$ to view1 has a small op5+ 9 x1 :i* admits ! rays ( light )9 ?is ball1 :ile x is by ! op]ation ( light on ! n]ves1 :i* are spread 9 f9e net-"w ov] ! int]ior1 t sight is produc$4 ,9 exam9+ ! me*anism ( ! eye1 a great v>iety ( contrivances appe>1 all aid+ 9 accompli%+ ! object ( vision4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we may obs]ve its modes ( protection & def5se4 ,! lid is a s(t1 moi/ wip]1 :i*1 ) a motion quick z lightn+1 protects ! eye f outw>d viol5ce1 cleanses x f du/1 veils x f ov]p[]+ radiance1 & 9 h\rs ( repose entirely excludes ! light4 ,on its edge is ! fr++ la%1 :i* int]cepts float+ matt] t might o!rwise intrude1 :ile above is spread ! eyebr[1 :i*1 l a ?at*1 ob/ructs ! drops t heat or toil accumulate on ! br[4 ,we next obs]ve ! organs ( motion ) :i* ! eye is furni%$1 & :i*1 ) complicat$ /r+s & pulleys1 c turn x e way at ! w ( ! intellig5t ag5t4 ,! pupil or op5+ ( ! eye1 also1 is s con/ruct$1 ) its m9ute & multipli$ circul> & cross+ muscles1 t x c contract or exp& 9 size j 9 proportion z ! light v>ies 9 int5sity4 ,! ball ( ! eye is fill$ ) ?ree sub/ances ( diff]5t degrees ( d5sity4 ,"o is a wat]y humor1 ne> ! front ( ! eye2 back ( ?is1 & susp5d$ by two muscles1 is ! solid l5s ( ! eye1 or ! cry/all9e humor2 & ! rema9d] ( ! eye1 9 :i* ?is l5s is imb$d$1 consi/s ( ! vitre\s humor1 :i* is ( ! consi/5ce ( jelly4 ,^! all h diff]5t degrees ( transp>5cy1 & are s nicely adju/$ t ! rays ( light1 :i* />t f e po9t 9 all bodies 9 div]g+ l9es1 are by ^! humors made to conv]ge & meet 9 po9ts on ! ret9a1 or ! n]ve ( ! eye1 =m+ !re a small picture1 exactly ( ! same proportions1 ?\gh n ! same size1 z ! sc5e :i* is spread be=e ! eye4 ,:5 ! out] cov]+ ( ! back "p ( ! eye is remov$1 ! objects :i* are 9 front ( ! eye may be disc]n$1 delicately portray$ 9 all _! p]fect colors & proportions1 on ! ret9a :i* l9es ! int]ior4 ,x is ?is impression ( light on ! optic n]ve :i* gives our ideas ( light & colors4 ,! eye is also =m$ 9 su* a way t x c alt] its %ape & become some:at oblong1 :ile at ! same "t its l5s is project$ =w>d or drawn back4 ,! object ( ?is contrivance is to obta9 an equally p]fect picture ( di/ant & ( ne> objects4 ,our ideas ( %ape & size at fir/ are n ga9$ by ! eye1 b by ! s5se ( t\*4 ,aft] consid]able exp]i5ce we le>n to det]m9e %ape & size by ! eye4 ,exp]im5ts made ^u p]sons born bl9d & re/or$ to sight furni% _m curi\s facts to support ?is ass]tion4 ,:5 ! eye fir/ admits ! light1 all objects appe> to t\* ! eye1 & are all a confus$ mass ( diff]5t colors4 ,b by cont9ual obs]vation1 & by ! aid ( ! s5se ( t\*1 objects gradually are sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 & are !n reg>d$ z sep>ate & di/9ct exi/5ces4 ,! eye is s =m$ t ! picture ( any object on ! ret9a v>ies 9 size accord+ to its di/ance4 ,two objects ( equal size w make a diff]5t picture on ! back ( ! eye1 accord+ to ! di/ance at :i* !y are held4 ,! ideas ( size at fir/ are regulat$ by ! proportions ( ?is picture 9 ! eye1 until by exp]i5ce x is f\nd t ?is is an incorrect mode1 & t x is necess>y to judge ( ! di/ance ( a body be=e we c det]m9e its size4 ,?is acc\nts = ! fact t objects appe> to u s diff]5t accord+ z we conceive ( _! di/ance1 & t we are (t5 deceiv$ 9 ! size ( bodies because we h no mode ( det]m9+ _! di/ance4 ,b x appe>s also t our ideas ( di/ance are ga9$1 n by ! eye alone1 b by ! eye & ! s5se ( feel+ unit$4 ,a *ild by ! s5se ( feel+ le>ns ! size ( 8 cup or 8 play?+s4 ,he sees !m remov$1 & t _! app>5t size dim9i%es4 ,!y are return$ to him1 & he f9ds !m unalt]$ 9 size4 ,:5 attempt+ to recov] !m1 he f9ds t :5 !y look v small he is oblig$ to pass ov] a mu* great] di/ance to ga9 !m ?an :5 !y appe> l>ge1 & t ! di/ance is always 9 exact proportion to _! app>5t size4 ,9 ?is way1 by (t-repeat$ exp]im5ts1 ! infant reason] le>ns to judge bo? ( ! size & di/ance ( objects4 ,f ?is x appe>s t1 9 det]m9+ ! size ( an object1 we previ\sly =m "s judgm5t ( its di/ance1 & likewise t1 9 f9d+ ! di/ance1 we fir/ det]m9e ! size4 ,! %ape ( objects is le>n$ altoge!r by ! s5se ( feel+4 ,x has be=e be5 /at$ t at ! fir/ ex]cise ( vision e ?+ is a confus$ mass ( diff]5t colors1 & all appe>+ to t\* ! eye4 ,by ! aid ( ! h&s ! sep>ate exi/5ce ( diff]5t bodies is detect$1 & ! feel+ ( t\*1 :i* once 0 ! sole mode ( det]m9+ %ape1 is n[ associat$ ) a c]ta9 =m or picture on ! eye1 s t1 9 process ( "t1 ! eye becomes ! pr9cipal judge ( %ape4 ,b1 9 det]m9+ ! %ape ( a ?+1 an act ( judgm5t is necess>y4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by ! example ( a hoop1 :i* 9 "o position w make a picture 9 ! eye :i* is circul>1 9 ano!r position ! picture ( x w be oval1 & 9 ano!r only a /raight l9e4 ,if a p]son w obs]ve a hoop 9 ^! diff]5t positions1 & !n attempt to draw a picture ( x1 he w be consci\s ( ?is v>y+ picture 9 ! eye4 ,( c\rse1 9 ord] to decide ! %ape ( a ?+1 we mu/ decide its di/ance1 its relative position1 & v>i\s circum/ances :i* w\ld alt] ! =m ( ! picture 9 ! eye4 ,x is only by long exp]i5ce t ! infant *ild gradually acquires ! p[] ( det]m9+ ! %ape1 size1 & di/ance ( objects4 ,! pa9t]'s art consi/s 9 lay+ on to canvas an enl>g$ picture ( ! sc5e :i* is pa9t$ 9 ! int]ior ( 8 own eye4 ,9 ?is m9ute picture ( ! eye1 ! m di/ant an object ! small] its size1 ! m indi/9ct its outl9e1 & ! fa9t] its colors4 ,^! same are transf]r$ to canvas 9 an enl>g$ =m2 ! di/ant objects are made small 9 size1 fa9t 9 colors1 & indi/9ct 9 outl9e1 j 9 proportion to _! di/ance4 ,! organ ( vision is ! inlet ( m enjoym5t to ! m9d ?an any ( ! o!r s5ses4 ,?r\gh ?is small loop-hole ! _s looks =? on ! ri* l&scape ( nature1 & ! *>ms bo? ( ! natural & moral _w4 ,! fre% colors1 ! beauty ( motion1 ! grace ( figures1 ! fitness ( proportion1 & all ! *>ms ( ta/e1 are discov]$ ?r\gh ?is m$ium4 ,by ! eye1 also1 we le>n to read ! speak+ face ( man1 we greet ! smile ( fri5d%ip & love1 & all ^? v>y+ *>ms t glance across ! human face div9e4 ,by ! aid ( ?is little organ1 too1 we climb n only ! summits ( e>?'s doma9s1 b w&] =? to planets1 />s1 & suns1 trav]se ! va/ e!real expanse1 & ga!r fa9t images & flitt+ visions ( ! _s's future home4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,conception ,,& ,,memory4 ,!re has be5 mu* speculation on ! "q z to :e!r ! m9d possesses any ideas entirely indep5d5t ( ! s5ses1 :i* 7 ga9$ )\t any aid or influ5ce f !m4 ,_m h ma9ta9$ ! exi/5ce ( "s ideas1 :i* !y d5om9ate innate ideas1 :i* !y suppose 7 orig9ally implant$ 9 ! m9d1 & n at all dep5d5t on s5sation4 ,on ?is subject x may be suffici5t to rem>k t !re is no pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( any su* ideas4 ,all ideas1 s f> z we c trace !m1 seem to h be5 orig9ally ga9$ by ! s5ses1 ?\gh ! m9d has ! p[] ( mak+ new arrangem5ts & comb9ations ( su* mat]ials z are ?us furni%$4 ,! intuitive tru?s seem to exi/ z a "p ( ! orig9al con/itution ( ! m9d1 b !re is no evid5ce t !y w\ld ev] h be5 call$ into ex]cise except ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ! s5ses4 ,!re is no?+ to prove t ! positive ex]cise ( ?\ght1 feel+1 & volition is necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( m9d1 & no pro( t ! m9d might n h exi/$ =ev] )\t ?\ght or feel+ ( any k9d1 7 x n = ! aid ( ! s5ses4 ,we "k t !re are p]iods ( sleep & ( swoon+1 :5 ! m9d is 9 exi/5ce1 & yet :5 !re is no evid5ce t ei!r ?\ghts1 feel+s1 or volitions are 9 ex]cise4 ,speculations on ?is subject seem to be pr(itless1 because !re are no data = det]m9+ !m4 ,! facts 9 ! case are n ( a "* to enable u to pron\nce positively ei!r t ^! op]ations are or are n ess5tial to its exi/5ce4 ,x may be t 9 sleep & 9 a swoon ^! ph5om5a exi/1 & no memory is reta9$ ( !m1 & x is equally probable t at su* int]vals all m5tal op]ations entirely cease4 ,b1 n[ t ! m9d has be5 furni%$ by ! s5ses ) its spl5did acquisitions1 ^u :i* its reflective p[]s c act1 x is easy to believe t x might cont9ue to exi/ & to be 9 active ex]cise if all its bodily s5ses1 & ev5 its mat]ial envelope1 7 de/roy$4 ,%\ld we nev] aga9 behold ! light ( heav51 nor be *>m$ ) ! pr(usion ( v>i$ color & =m1 /ill ! m9d c\ld busy itself ) pleas+ visions ( brilliant dyes1 ( graceful outl9e1 & fair proportion1 z bright & z beautiful z any objects ( s5se c\ld awak54 ,%\ld we nev] aga9 inhale ! fre%ness ( morn+ or ! p]fumes ( spr+1 ! m9d itself c\ld furni% f its /ores "s treasur$ inc5se1 nev] to be entirely exhal$4 ,%\ld ! palate nev] aga9 be cool$ by ! fre%5+ wat] ( spr+1 or be refre%$ by ! vi&s ( ! luxuriant ye>1 yet fancy c\ld spread =? h] gold5 fruits & sp>kl+ juices 9 banquets z v>i$ & pr(use z ev] greet$ ! mo/ fa/idi\s ta/e4 ,%\ld ! melodies ( spee* & ( music be he>d no m1 & ! sweet h>monies ( nature & ( art =ev] be hu%$1 yet ! exult+ _s c\ld w>ble its own songs1 & melt 9 ec/asies ) imag9$ h>monies4 ,& %\ld ! grasp ( fri5d%ip rejoice u no m1 nor ! embrace ( affection s5d joy to ! he>t1 yet /ill ! _s w\ld n be desolate1 = x c\ld ga!r ar\nd x ! be+s mo/ lov$1 & /ill feel ! embraces ( affection4 ,conceptions are di/+ui%$ into two classes ) ref]5ce to ?is "o fact1 t "s ( our conceptions are att5d$ ) a consci\sness t !y h exi/$ be=e1 & o!rs are n4 ,^? conceptions :i* are ?us att5d$ ) ! feel+ ( _! resemblance to pa/ p]ceptions or conceptions are call$ ideas ( memory2 ^? ( our p]ceptions also :i* are att5d$ ) ?is recognition are call$ memory4 ,h[ important to our happ9ess & improvem5t is ?is recognition ( pa/ ideas1 few are wont to imag9e4 ,if all our k ( ext]nal ?+s 7 =ev] lo/ to u aft] s5sation is pa/1 our exi/5ce w\ld be "o ( m]e s5sitive enjoym5t1 & all ! honor & dignity ( m9d w\ld be de/roy$4 ,no pa/ exp]i5ce c\ld be ( any avail1 nor c\ld any act ( judgm5t or ( reason+ be p]=m$4 ,ev5 ! mo/ common wants ( animal nature c\ld n be suppli$2 =1 7 ! cool+ wat] & su/a9+ food pres5t$ to ! sight1 no memory ( ! pa/ com=t secur$ by !m w\ld lead ! m9d to seek x aga94 ,or1 _h nature1 by "s implant$ in/9ct1 provid$ = ^! necessities1 yet life 9 ?is case w\ld h consi/$ ( a m]e succession ( s5sations1 )\t ev5 ! am\nt ( intellect ( :i* ! l[] animals give pro(4 ,x is ! capacity ( retrospection1 too1 :i* gives u ! p[] ( =esee+ ! future1 & ?us ( look+ bo? be=e & beh9d = s\rces ( enjoym5t 9 delightful rem9isc5ces & joyful anticipations4 ,x is ?is p[] ( remembrance & =esight :i* raises man to be ! image ( 8 ,creator1 ! m9iature ( ,him :o sees ! end f ! beg9n+1 :o looks back on nev] comm5c+ ages1 & =w>d ?r\gh et]nal ye>s4 ,x is true ! m9d ( man c =esee only by ! process ( reason+1 by :i* x is inf]r$ t ! future w1 9 giv5 circum/ances1 resemble ! pa/4 ,& h[ ! ,et]nal ,m9d c =esee by intuition all ! ev5ts :i* hang ^u ! volitions ( ! myriads ( act+ m9ds :i* he has =m$ is :at no human intellect c grasp4 ,! =esight ( intuition has n be5 be/[$ ^u man1 b is res]v$ z "o di/9ctive pr]ogative ( ,deity4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,att5tion ,,& ,,ab/raction4 ,to und]/& cle>ly ! nature ( ! m5tal ph5om5a call$ att5tion & ab/raction1 two facts 9 our m5tal hi/ory ne$ def9itely to be und]/ood--facts :i* h a decid$ be>+ on ! nature & "* ( almo/ all ! op]ations ( m9d4 ,! fir/ is1 t ! objects ( our conceptions are seldom1 if ev]1 isolat$1 disconnect$ objects4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is an ext5d$ & complex picture be=e ! m9d1 includ+ (t5 a great v>iety ( objects1 ) _! sev]al qualities1 relations1 & *anges4 ,9 ?is m5tal picture "s objects are cle> & di/9ct1 :ile o!rs seem to float along 9 %ad[y vagu5ess4 ,?is fact mu/ be evid5t to any m9d t w closely exam9e its own m5tal op]ations4 ,x is also equally evid5t :5 we consid] ! mode 9 :i* our ideas are ga9$ by p]ception4 ,we nev] acquire our ideas 9 s+le disconnect$ l9eam5ts4 ,we are cont9ually view+ complex objects ) num]\s qualities & surr\nd$ by a great v>iety ( circum/ances1 :i* unit$ly =m a :ole 9 "o act ( p]ception4 ,inde$1 !re are few objects1 ei!r ( p]ception or conception1 :i*1 h[ev] close ! process ( ab/raction1 d n rema9 complex 9 _! nature4 ,! simple/ =ms ( matt] are comb9$ ideas ( ext5sion1 figure1 color1 & relation4 ,^! diff]5t ideas we ga9 by ! aid ( ! diff]5t s5ses4 ,( c\rse1 our conceptions are comb9ations ( diff]5t qualities 9 an object :i* ! m9d consid]s z "o1 & z di/9ct f o!r objects4 ,ea* item1 !n1 9 any m5tal picture is itself a complex object1 & ea* m5tal picture is =m$ by a comb9ation ( su* complex objects4 ,x w be f\nd v difficult1 if n impossible1 to m5tion a "n :i* recalls any object ( s5se 9 :i* ! conception recall$ by ! ^w is a s+le disconnect$ ?+1 )\t any idea ( place or any att5dant circum/ances1 &1 z be=e rem>k$1 almo/ all objects ( s5se are complex objects1 comb9+ sev]al ideas1 :i* 7 ga9$ ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( diff]5t s5ses4 ,! idea ( color is ga9$ by "o s5se1 ( position1 %ape1 & consi/5cy by ano!r1 & o!r qualities & p[]s :i* ! m9d associates ) x by o!r s5ses4 ,! o!r fact necess>y to ! correct und]/&+ ( ! subject is ! influ5ce :i* ! desires & emotions h ^u ! "* bo? ( ! p]ceptions & conceptions ) :i* !y coexi/4 ,x w be f\nd t our s5sations v>y 9 vividness & di/9ctness accord+ to ! /r5g? & p]man5cy ( c]ta9 feel+s ( desire :i* coexi/ ) !m4 ,= example1 we are cont9ually he>+ a multitude ( s\nds1 b 9 respect to _m ( !m1 z we feel no desire to "k ! cause or nature ( !m1 ^! s5sations are s feeble & indi/9ct z sc>cely ev] to be recall$ to ! m9d or recogniz$ by any act ( memory2 b %\ld we he> "s /range wail+ s\nd1 imm$iately ! desire w\ld arise to asc]ta9 its nature & cause4 ,x w\ld imm$iately become an object ( di/9ct & vivid p]ception1 & cont9ue s z long z ! desire la/$4 ,:ile "o s5sation becomes ?us cle> & prom95t1 x w be f\nd t o!r s5sations :i* 7 coexi/+ ) x w become feebl] & seem to die away4 ,! same impressions may /ill be made ^u ! eye z be=e1 ! same s\nds t _h previ\sly be5 reg>d$ may /ill /rike ^u ! e>1 b :ile ! desire cont9ues to le>n ! cause ( t /range wail+ s\nd1 ! o!r s5sations w\ld all be fa9t & indi/9ct4 ,:5 ?is desire is gratifi$1 !n o!r s5sations w\ld resume _! =m] di/9ctness & prom95cy4 ,our conceptions1 9 l mann]1 are affect$ by ! coexi/5ce ( emotion or desire4 ,if1 = example1 we are employ+ ourselves 9 /udy or m5tal speculations1 ! vividness ( our conceptions w v>y 9 exact proportion to ! int]e/ we feel 9 secur+ ! object ab\t :i* our conceptions are employ$4 ,if we feel b little int]e/ 9 ! subject ( our speculations1 e conception connect$ ) !m w be undef9$ & indi/9ct2 b if ! desire ( approbation1 or ! admonitions ( consci5ce1 or ! hope ( secur+ "s future good /imulate desire1 imm$iately our conceptions gr[ m vivid & cle>1 & ! object at :i* we aim is m readily & spe$ily secur$4 ,! great art1 !n1 ( quick5+ m5tal vigor & activity1 & ( ga9+ cle> & quick conceptions1 is to awak5 int]e/ & excite desire4 ,:5 ?is is secur$1 conceptions w imm$iately become bright & cle>1 & all m5tal op]ations w be c>ri$ =w>d ) facility & spe$4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 att5tion & ab/raction is n great1 b1 z x is recogniz$ 9 language1 x ne$s to be def9itely und]/ood4 ,att5tion has be5 def9$ z ! direction ( ! m9d to "s p>ticul> object1 f ! int]e/ :i* is felt 9 t object4 ,x consi/s simply 9 a feel+ ( desire coexi/+ ) our s5sations & conceptions1 & ?us r5d]+ !m vivid & di/9ct2 :ile1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is fact1 all o!r s5sations & conceptions seem to fade & gr[ indi/9ct4 ,att5tion seems to be ! g5]ic ex]cise1 & ab/raction "o species ( ! same ?+4 ,att5tion is us$ to express ! int]e/ :i* att5ds our p]ceptions or conceptions z :ole objects1 ?us r5d]+ !m cle> & di/9ct f o!r surr\nd+ objects4 ,ab/raction is t p>ticul> act ( att5tion :i* makes "o "p or "o quality ( a complex object become vivid & di/9ct1 :ile o!r p>ts & qualities gr[ fa9t & indi/9ct4 ,?us1 9 view+ a l&scape1 we %\ld be said to ex]cise ! p[] ( att5tion if we notic$ "s object1 su* z a /ream or a bridge1 :ile o!r objects 7 m slightly reg>d$2 & we %\ld ex]cise ! p[] ( ab/raction if we notic$ ! color ( ! bridge or ! wid? ( ! /ream1 :ile _! o!r qualities 7 n equally reg>d$4 ,x is ! p[] ( ab/raction :i* is ! f\ndation ( language 9 its pres5t use4 ,7 x n = ! p[] :i* ! m9d has ( ab/ract+ c]ta9 qualities & circum/ances ( ?+s1 & consid]+ !m z sep>ate & di/9ct f all o!r p>ts & qualities1 no words c\ld be us$ except su* z specify p>ticul> individuals4 ,e object t meets our eye w\ld dem& a sep>ate & peculi> "n1 ?us mak+ ! acquisition ( language ! labor ( a life4 ,b n[ ! m9d possesses ! p[] ( ab/ract+ a great] or few] numb] ( qualities1 & to ^! qualities a "n is giv51 & :5ev] ^! qualities are f\nd comb9$ 9 any object1 ?is "n c be appli$4 ,?us ! "n animal is giv5 to any ?+ :i* has ! qualities ( exi/5ce & animal life1 & ! "n quadrup$ is giv5 to any object :i* has ! qualities ( animal life & ( f\r legs4 ,e ?+ :i* is reg>d$ by ! m9d z a sep>ate exi/5ce mu/ h "s peculi> quality1 or action1 or circum/ance ( "t or place1 to di/+ui% x f e o!r exi/5ce4 ,7 !re n some?+1 ei!r 9 ! qualities or circum/ances1 :i* made ea* object 9 "s respects peculi>1 !re w\ld be no way to di/+ui% "o ?+ f ano!r4 ,a prop] "n is "o :i* is us$ to recall ! prop]ties & circum/ances :i* di/+ui% "o individual exi/5ce f e o!r4 ,su* is ! ^w ,m\nt ,blanc1 :i* recalls c]ta9 qualities & circum/ances t di/+ui% "o p>ticul> ?+ f all o!rs1 & ! "n ,julius ,cs>1 :i* recalls ! "*1 qualities1 & circum/ances :i* di/+ui% "o be+ f e o!r4 ,"s words1 !n1 are us$ to recall ! peculi> qualities & circum/ances ( individual exi/5ces1 & are call$ prop] names2 o!r words are us$ to recall a comb9ation ( c]ta9 qualities & circum/ances1 :i* unit$ly are an object ( conception1 b are n consid]$ by ! m9d z belong+ to any real p>ticul> exi/5ce4 ,^! la/ words are call$ g5]al t]ms or common names4 ,a great v>iety ( names may be appli$ to ! same object ( conception or p]ception1 accord+ to ! numb] ( qualities & circum/ances :i* are ab/ract$ by ! m9d4 ,?us an object may be call$ a ?+1 &1 9 ?is case1 ! simple circum/ance ( exi/5ce is :at is recall$ by ! ^w4 ,! same object may be call$ an animal1 & !n ! qualities ( exi/5ce & animal life are made ! objects ( conception4 ,x c also be call$ a man1 & !n1 9 addition to ! qualities recall$ by ! ^w animal1 are recall$ ^? qualities :i* di/+ui% man f all o!r animals4 ,x c also be call$ a fa!r1 & !n to ! qualities recall$ by ! t]m man is add$ ! circum/ance ( 8 relation to "s o!r be+4 ,! same object c be call$ ,la ,fayette1 & !n1 to all ! prec$+ qualities1 w\ld be add$ 9 our conceptions all ^? peculi> qualities & circum/ances :i* di/+ui% ! h]o ( ,france f all o!r exi/5ces4 ,! foll[+ w probably illu/rate ! mode by :i* ! human m9d fir/ acquires ! prop] use ( ^! g5]al t]ms4 ,! infant *ild le>ns to di/+ui% "o exi/5ce f ano!r probably long be=e he acquires ! use ( any names by :i* to designate !m4 ,we may suppose t a little dog is an inmate ( 8 nurs]y1 & t ) ! sight ( ?is animal has (t5 be5 associat$ ! s\nd ( ! ^w dog4 ,?is is s (t5 repeat$1 t1 by ! pr9ciple ( association1 ! sight ( ! object & ! s\nd ( ! ^w inv>iably recur toge!r4 ,he obs]ves t ?is s\nd is us$ by ^? ar\nd him 9 ord] to direct 8 att5tion to ! animal1 & he himself soon uses ! ^w to direct ! att5tion ( o!rs 9 ! same way4 ,b soon x happ5s t ano!r animal is introduc$ into 8 ap>tm5t1 :i* 9 _m respects resembles ! object he has le>n$ to call a dog4 ,to ?is new object he w\ld apply ! same t]m1 b he f9ds t o!rs use ! s\nd cat 9 connection ) ! sight ( ?is new animal4 ,he soon le>ns ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two objects1 ! p>ticul>s 9 :i* !y agree1 & ^? 9 :i* !y diff]4 ,he aft]w>d notices o!r animals ( ^! species1 & obs]ves t "s h ! qualities to :i* ! t]m dog is appli$1 & o!rs ^? to :i* ! t]m cat is appli$4 ,he cont9ues to notice animals ( o!r k9ds1 &1 aft] long exp]i5ce 9 ?is way1 he le>ns to apply names to designate a p>ticul> comb9ation ( qualities1 &1 :5ev] ^! qualities are f\nd comb9$1 he has a t]m ready to apply to !m4 ,he le>ns t "s words are us$ to po9t out ! peculi> qualities :i* di/+ui% "o ?+ f all o!rs1 &1 at ! same "t1 o!r words are us$ :i* simply recall qualities1 b d n designate any p>ticul> exi/5ce to :i* !y belong4 ,?us ! t]m boy he uses = ! purpose ( designat+ qualities )\t conceiv+ ( any p>ticul> exi/5ce 9 :i* !y are f\nd1 :ile ! t]m ,m>y is us$ to designate ! qualities & circum/ances ( ! p>ticul> exi/5ce he f9ds z ! companion ( 8 sports4 ,all objects ( our p]ceptions are arrang$ into classes1 accord+ to ! peculi> comb9ation ( qualities :i* are recall$ by ! names employ$ to designate !m4 ,= example1 all objects t h ! qualities ( exi/5ce & ( animal life are arrang$ 9 "o class1 & are call$ animals4 ,all ^? :i* h ! qualities recall$ by ! t]m animal1 & ! additional qualities ( w+s & fea!rs1 are arrang$ 9 ano!r class call$ birds4 ,all ^? objects :i* h ! qualities includ$ 9 ! t]m bird1 toge!r ) sev]al additional qualities1 are arrang$ 9 ano!r class1 & call$ eagles4 ,to ^! v>i\s classes ! t]ms g5]a & species are appli$4 ,^! t]ms imply a relation1 or ! comp>ison ( "o class ) ano!r1 9 ref]5ce to ! numb] ( qualities to be recall$ by ! t]ms employ$4 ,?us ! class bird is call$ a species ( ! class animal1 because x includes all ! qualities t are comb9$ 9 ! conception recall$ by ! ^w animal1 & o!rs 9 addition2 b ! class bird is call$ a g5us 9 relation to ! class eagle1 because x conta9s only a "p ( ! qualities :i* are recall$ by ! t]m eagle4 ,a g5us may be def9$ z a class ( ?+s ! "n ( :i* recalls few] p>ticul>s ?an ! "n ( ano!r class or species ) :i* x is comp>$4 ,bird is a g5us :5 comp>$ ) ! class eagle4 ,a species is a class ( ?+s ! "n ( :i* recalls m p>ticul>s ?an ! "n ( ano!r class or g5us ) :i* x is comp>$4 ,bird is a species :5 comp>$ ) ! class animal4 ,9 exam9+ language1 x w be f\nd t ! l>g] portion ( words 9 common use are names ( g5]a & species--t is1 !y are words employ$ to recall ideas z !y are arrang$ 9 g5]a & species4 ,x is only ^? words t are prop] names :i* recall conceptions ( ! p>ticul> exi/5ces by :i* we are surr\nd$4 ,"s ( ^! surr\nd+ exi/5ces are furni%$ ) ^! p>ticul> names1 & o!rs c be designat$ & di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r only by a description4 ,?us we see "s hills ar\nd our horizon1 "s ( :i* h a peculi> "n1 & o!rs c be designat$ only by describ+ ! circum/ances :i* di/+ui% !m f all o!r hills4 ,a def9ition ( a ^w is an enum]ation ( ! sev]al qualities or circum/ances :i* di/+ui% c]ta9 ?+s f all o!rs1 & :i* are recall$ to ! m9d :5 ! ^w is us$4 ,?us1 if ! ^w animal is to be def9$1 we d x by m5tion+ ! circum/ances ( its exi/5ce & animal life1 z ! ideas recall$ by ! ^w4 ,g5]ally1 a ^w is def9$ by m5tion+ ! "n ( "s g5us ( :i* ! ?+ int5d$ is a species1 & !n add+ ^? p>ticul> qualities :i* ! species has1 9 addition to ^? includ$ "u ! g5us4 ,?us1 if we are to def9e ! ^w man1 we m5tion ! g5us animal1 & !n ! qualities :i* man has 9 addition to ^? possess$ by o!r animals4 ,?us3 ,man is an animal1 hav+ ! human =m1 & a _s end[$ ) intellect1 susceptibility1 & w4 ,!re are "s words :i* recall only "o quality or circum/ance1 & :i*1 !re=e1 c n be def9$ l ! words :i* recall v>i\s qualities & circum/ances1 z joy1 sorr[1 color1 & ! l4 ,su* words z ^! are def9$ by m5tion+ ! times or circum/ances :5 ! m9d is consci\s ( ! exi/5ce ( ! idea to be recall$ by ! ^w4 ,?us joy is a /ate ( m9d :i* exi/s :5 any ard5t desire is gratifi$4 ,color is a quality ( objects :i* is p]ceiv$ :5 light ent]s ! eye4 ,^? conceptions :i* c be def9$ by enum]at+ ! sev]al qualities & circum/ances :i* compose !m are call$ complex ideas1 & ! words us$ to designate !m are call$ complex t]ms4 ,su* words z l&scape1 wre/l]1 giant1 & philosoph]1 are complex t]ms4 ,! ^w l&scape recalls a complex idea ( v>i\s mat]ial ?+s4 ,! ^w wre/l] recalls an idea ( a mat]ial object & "o ( its actions4 ,! ^w giant recalls an idea ( a ?+ & its relation z to size4 ,! ^w philosoph] recalls ! idea ( a ?+ & "o ( its qualities4 ,^? conceptions :i* are n compos$ ( sev]al qualities & circum/ances1 b are !mselves a s+le quality or circum/ance1 are call$ simple ideas1 & ! words us$ to recall !m are call$ simple t]ms4 ,su* words z sweetness1 l\dness1 dep?1 pa91 & joy1 are simple t]ms4 ,"s t]ms :i* express emotions ( ! m9d are entirely simple1 su* z sorr[1 joy1 & happ9ess4 ,o!rs are words :i* recall an idea ( a simple emotion & ( its cause1 su*1 = example1 z gratitude1 :i* expresses ! idea ( an emotion ( m9d & also t x 0 caus$ by "s b5efit conf]r$4 ,words t express simple ideas c be def9$ only by "s description ( ! circum/ances 9 :i* ^! ideas exi/1 or by a ref]5ce to _! causes or effects4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,association4 ,! causes ( ! p>ticul> succession ( our ideas1 & ! control :i* ! m9d has 9 regulat+ ?is succession1 is a subject no less int]e/+ ?an important2 = if by any act ( *oice ! m9d has ! p[] ( regulat+ its own ?\ghts & feel+s1 !n man is a free ag5t & an acc\ntable be+2 b if ! conceptions & ! emotions dep5d entirely ^u ! con/itution ( ?+s1 & ?us1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 on ! w ( ! ,creator1 !n man c n be acc\ntable = t ov] :i* he c h no control4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] has be5 illu/rat$ ! effect :i* ! co-exi/5ce ( desire has 9 reg>d bo? to our s5sations & our conceptions1 t5d+ to make ^? :i* are fitt$ to accompli% ! object desir$ v vivid & prom95t1 :ile o!rs1 to a great] or less ext5t1 disappe>4 ,! m9d is cont9ually "u ! influ5ce ( "s desire4 ,x con/antly has "s plan to accompli%1 "s cause to se>* out1 or "s gratification to secure4 ,! pres5t wi% or desire ( ! m9d imp>ts an int]e/ to :atev] conception seems calculat$ to =w>d ?is object4 ,?us1 if ! ma!matician has a problem to solve1 & ?is is ! lead+ desire ( ! m9d1 among ! v>i\s conceptions t arise1 ^? are ! mo/ int]e/+ :i* are fitt$ to 8 object1 & su* imm$iately become vivid & di/9ct4 ,if ! pa9t] or ! poet is labor+ to effect "s new creation ( 8 art1 & has ?is z ! lead+ object ( desire1 :atev] conceptions seem be/ fitt$ to 8 purpose are imm$iately inve/$ ) int]e/1 & become di/9ct & cle>4 ,if ! m]*ant1 or ! capitali/1 or ! /atesman has "s project :i* he is toil+ to accompli%1 :atev] conceptions appe> adapt$ to 8 purpose soon are gl[+ & def9$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! int]e/ ) :i* desire ?us inve/s !m4 ,f ?is x appe>s t ! nature ( ! desire1 or gov]n+ purpose ( ! m9d1 w 9 a great measure det]m9e ! nature & ! succession ( its conceptions4 ,if a man has *os5 to f9d 8 *ief happ9ess 9 secur+ p[] & honor1 !n ^? conceptions w be ! mo/ int]e/+ to 8 m9d t be/ fall 9 ) 8 object4 ,if he has *os5 to f9d happ9ess 9 secur+ ! v>i\s gratifications ( s5se1 !n ^? conceptions t mo/ co9cide ) ?is desire w become prom95t4 ,if a man has *os5 to f9d 8 *ief enjoym5t 9 do+ ! w ( ,god1 !n 8 conceptions w1 to a great ext5t1 be con=m$ to ?is object ( desire4 ,! curr5t ( a man's ?\ghts1 !re=e1 becomes ! sure/ mode ( det]m9+ :at is ! gov]n+ purpose or lead+ desire ( ! m9d4 ,b !re are seasons 9 our m5tal hi/ory :5 ! m9d does n seem to be "u ! influ5ce ( any gov]n+ desire2 :5 x seems to relax1 & its ?\ghts appe> to fl[ on )\t any regulat+ pr9ciple4 ,at su* times ! vividness ( lead+ conceptions1 :i* o!rwise is det]m9$ by desire1 seems to dep5d ^u our pa/ exp]i5ce4 ,^? objects :i*1 9 pa/ exp]i5ce1 h be5 associat$ ) emotion1 are ^? :i* ! m9d selects1 & :i* ?us beg9 to gl[ 9 ! di/9ct l9eam5ts ) :i* emotion at fir/ inve/$ !m4 ,9 pa/ exp]i5ce1 all conceptions :i* 7 att5d$ ) emotion 7 mo/ di/9ct & cle>1 & !re=e1 :5 su* conceptions return unit$ ) o!rs1 !y are ! ones :i* are mo/ int]e/+1 & ?us mo/ vivid & di/9ct4 ,?us1 9 our mus+ h\rs ( idle rev]ie1 z "o picture aft] ano!r glides be=e ! m9d1 if "s object occurs1 su* z ! home ( our y\?1 or ! fri5d ( our e>ly days1 ! emotions :i* h s (t5 be5 unit$ ) ^! objects 9 pa/ exp]i5ce cause !m to appe> 9 cle> & gl[+ l9eam5ts1 & ! /rong] h be5 ! pa/ emotions connect$ ) !m1 ! m cle>ly w !y be def9$4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t !re are two circum/ances t acc\nt = ! app>5t selection :i* ! m9d makes 9 its objects ( conception4 ,! fir/ is ! feel+ t c]ta9 conceptions are fitt$ to accompli% ! lead+ desire ( ! m9d2 & ! second is1 t c]ta9 objects 9 pa/ exp]i5ce h be5 att5d$ ) emotion4 ,b !re is ano!r ph5om5on 9 our m5tal hi/ory :i* has a direct be>+ on ! nature & succession ( our conceptions4 ,:5 any conception1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( desire or emotion1 becomes ! prom95t object1 imm$iately o!r objects ) :i* ?is has be5 associat$ 9 pa/ exp]i5ce beg9 to return & ga!r ar\nd x 9 new comb9ations4 ,?us a new picture is pres5t$ be=e ! m9d1 f :i* x aga9 selects an object accord+ z desire or emotion regulates1 :i*1 "u ?is influ5ce1 gr[s vivid & di/9ct4 ,ar\nd ?is new object imm$iately beg9 to clu/] its pa/ associates1 till /ill ano!r sc5e is fre% array$ be=e ! m9d4 ,9 ^! new comb9ations1 ^? objects :i* are lea/ int]e/+ cont9ually disappe>1 :ile ^? mo/ int]e/+ are reta9$ to =m a "p ( ! succe$+ picture4 ,?us1 9 e m5tal picture1 desire or emotion seems to call =? objects :i* />t out1 z x 71 9 bold relief f all o!rs1 & call f ! %ade ( obscurity ! companions ( _! =m] exi/5ce1 :i* ga!r ar\nd !m 9 new & v>i$ comb9ations4 ,almo/ e object ( ?\ght 9 pa/ exp]i5ce has be5 connect$ ) a great numb] ( o!r objects1 & s great has be5 ! v>iety ( its =m] comb9ations1 t x w\ld be impossible to pr$ict1 ) any degree ( c]ta9ty1 :i* ( its pa/ associates w be summon$ to aid 9 =m+ ! new m5tal sc5es :i* are de/9$ to arise4 ,yet exp]i5ce has enabl$ u to detect "s g5]al laws1 :i* appe> to regulate ^! comb9ations4 ,! fir/ is1 t ^? objects are mo/ likely to att5d ea* o!r :i* 9 pa/ exp]i5ce 7 unit$1 :ile "s /rong emotion 0 exi/+ ) !m4 ,if1 = example1 a retir$ lake _h be5 ! sc5e ( dea? to a belov$ fri5d1 ! conception ( ?is object w\ld be almo/ inv>iably associat$ ) ! image ( ! fri5d t _h p]i%$ b5ea? its wat]s1 & also ) ! sc5e ( 8 dea?4 ,9 l mann]1 if "s fri5d _h expir$ at a c]ta9 h\r ( ! day1 or on a p>ticul> day ( ! ye>1 ! return ( ^! seasons w\ld probably be associat$ ) ! sorr[ful sc5es connect$ ) !m 9 pa/ exp]i5ce4 ,! second law ( association is1 t long cont9u$ or frequ5tly repeat$ att5tion to objects t are connect$ at ! "t ( ?is att5tion w secure ! connect$ return ( ^! objects4 ,att5tion1 x may be recollect$1 is desire unit$ ) our conceptions1 ?us r5d]+ !m m vivid4 ,x seems to produce ! same effect if ?is att5tion is long cont9u$ or if x is frequ5tly repeat$4 ,?us1 if ! m9d has dwelt = a long "t on a beautiful picture1 has notic$ all its proportions1 its %ad+1 its outl9e1 & its colors ) m9ute att5tion1 "o object 9 ?is picture c n recur to ! m9d )\t br++ ) x ! o!r objects t 7 associat$ at ! "t ( ?is close att5tion4 ,! frequ5t repetition ( a s5t5ce is a case :]e (t repeat$ ?\gh %ort att5tion to c]ta9 words has ! effect ( recall+ !m to ! m9d 9 ! connection 9 :i* !y 7 plac$ dur+ ?is repeat$ att5tion4 ,! ?ird law ( association is1 t objects :i* h rec5tly be5 associat$ 9 exp]i5ce are1 on ?is acc\nt1 m likely to recall ea* o!r ?an to recall ^? :i* 7 connect$ ) !m at a m remote p]iod ( "t4 ,! passage ( "t1 z a g5]al fact1 seems to weak5 ! vividness ( our conceptions1 & to de/roy ! probability ( _! associate recurr5ce4 ,?us a l9e ( poetry may be repeat$1 & ! li/5] may be able1 ! mom5t aft]1 to recall ea* ^w1 b ! next day ! :ole may be lo/4 ,! f\r? law ( association is1 t ! recurr5ce ( associat$ objects dep5ds1 9 a great measure1 ^u ! numb] ( objects ) :i* x may h be5 connect$ 9 pa/ exp]i5ce4 ,if x has exi/$ 9 comb9ation ) only "o object1 t object w return associat$ ) x2 b 9 proportion z ! numb] ( its associates increases1 ! p[] ( det]m9+ :i* w be its next companion dim9i%es4 ,z an example ( ?is fact may be m5tion$ ! fir/ he>+ ( a beautiful air by "s p>ticul> p]son4 ,! next "t x is he>d1 ! idea ( ?is p]=m] w be associat$ ) ! s\nds2 b aft] x has be5 sung by a great v>iety ( p]sons1 o!r circum/ances w\ld det]m9e :at conceptions ?is air w\ld recall4 ,x is v probable1 9 ?is case1 t its notes w\ld recall f among ! associat$ sc5es ! fri5d mo/ belov$1 or "s int]e/+ circum/ance t awak5$ emotion at ! "t ! air 0 p]=m$4 ,! pr9cipal circum/ances :i* op]ate 9 recall+ associat$ ideas h n[ be5 po9t$ out4 ,! next inquiry is1 ,:at are ^? objects & ev5ts :i* ord9>ily are mo/ frequ5tly unit$ 9 our p]ceptions1 & !re=e are mo/ likely to return toge!r 9 our conceptions8 ,! mo/ common connection ( our ideas ( p]ception are made by contiguity 9 place4 ,objects are cont9ually pass+ be=e ! eye1 & !y are n 9 s+le di/9ct objects1 b 9 connect$ gr\ps4 ,( c\rse1 :5 we p]ceive any object1 we mu/ necess>ily obs]ve its sev]al relations to ! ?+s by :i* x is surr\nd$4 ,if x is a build+ :i* meets ! eye1 x is impossible to obs]ve x )\t at ! same "t p]ceiv+ ! trees ar\nd x1 ! sky above x1 & any o!r objects :i* are p>ts ( ! picture ( :i* ?is is ! prom95t object4 ,( c\rse1 objects t are unit$ 9 "o complex picture be=e ! eye :5 we ga9 our k ( !m by p]ception1 w ord9>ily return toge!r 9 our conceptions4 ,our ideas1 also1 are v mu* connect$ by contiguity z x respects "t4 ,:5 any two ev5ts occur at ! same mom5t ( "t1 or 9 su* ne> connection t ! conception ( "o rema9s until ! o!r occurs1 !y ord9>ily w recur toge!r 9 our aft] conceptions ( !m4 ,z an example ( ?is may be m5tion$ ! associations ( a family :o h be5 accu/om$ to close ea* ,sabba? ) music4 ,z ! /ill h\r ( ?is sacr$ ev5+ drew on1 :]ev] any w&]] might roam1 x is probable t ! notes ( praise1 s (t5 connect$ ) ?is season1 w\ld p]petually /eal ov] ! m9d1 br++ _m ano!r image ( fri5ds1 & k9dr$1 & home4 ,! m9d ( man is s con/itut$ t no *ange c take place 9 any mat]ial object )\t awak5+ ! idea ( "s cause4 ,an effect is def9$ z "s *ange ( /ate or mode ( exi/5ce 9 matt] or m9d4 ,a cause is def9$ z t )\t :i* no *ange w\ld take place 9 matt] or m9d1 & ) :i* x w take place4 ,z ! ideas ( cause & effect are s con/antly conjo9$ 9 all our acts ( p]ception1 ^! ideas w return toge!r 9 our conceptions4 ,?us1 if we see an in/rum5t :i* has be5 ! cause ( pa91 ! idea ( ?is effect w be recall$ by a conception ( ! cause2 or if ! m9d is dwell+ on ! memory ( "s beautiful pa9t+ or poetry1 ! au?or ( ^! works w probably recur to ! m9d 9 connection ) ^! conceptions4 ,we sometimes meet ) p]sons ( su* peculi> habits & dispositions1 t1 :5ev] !y are enc\nt]$1 ! feel+s are w\nd$ or ! temp] cross$ by _! ill-tim$ or ill-natur$ rem>ks4 ,! conceptions ( su* p]sons w ord9>ily be att5d$ by ! memory ( "s pa9s ( :i* !y h be5 ! cause1 & ! m9d w involunt>ily %r9k f contact ) !m1 z f ! po9ts & ?orns ( a bramble-bu%4 ,^? ev5ts1 !re=e1 or ^? objects :i* h ! relation ( cause & effect exi/+ betwe5 !m1 w ord9>ily be unit$ z objects ( conception4 ,! m9d ( man is cont9ually notic+ ! relations :i* exi/ betwe5 ! diff]5t objects ( its conceptions4 ,z no idea ( relation c be ga9$ )\t comp>+ two or m ?+s toge!r1 ^? objects :i* are mo/ frequ5tly comp>$ w naturally be mo/ frequ5tly associat$ toge!r 9 our conceptions4 ,x has be5 %[n t language is f\nd$ on t pr9ciple ( ! m9d :i* enables u to notice c]ta9 qualities 9 ?+s ab/ract$ f o!r qualities1 & to apply names to objects accord+ z we f9d c]ta9 qualities unit$ 9 !m4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! use ( language1 ! m9d is cont9ually l$ to notice ! p>ticul>s 9 :i* objects resemble ea* o!r1 & also ! p>ticul>s 9 :i* !y diff]2 consequ5tly ! m9d1 9 le>n+ & 9 apply+ names1 is cont9ually comp>+ objects1 bo? to discov] ! p>ticul>s 9 :i* !y are alike & ^? 9 :i* !y diff]1 s t two objects are ?us br\ght toge!r be=e ! m9d4 ,x is ow+ to ?is fact1 !re=e1 t objects :i* resemble ea* o!r1 or :i* are v mu* contra/$ 9 _! qualities1 are v commonly unit$ 9 our conceptions4 ,if1 = example1 we see ! c\nt5ance ( a /rang]1 "s feature w be recogniz$ z famili>4 ,desire w be awak5$ to "k :]e & 9 :at o!r c\nt5ance we h se5 su* a feature or su* an expression4 ,?is p>ticul> feature w ?us become ab/ract$ & vivid1 & w soon recall t o!r comb9ation ( features = :i* we are seek+1 & ( :i* ?is has =m$ a "p 9 our pa/ exp]i5ce4 ,?us two objects w be br\ght be=e ! m9d at once1 ! p]son :o is ! /rang]1 & a conception ( ano!r p]son :om ?is /rang] resembles4 ,all our ideas ( contra/ are relative4 ,"o ?+ c n be conceiv$ ( z v high or v l[1 z v l>ge or v small1 )\t a previ\s comp>ison ) "s object to det]m9e ?is relation4 ,our ideas ( pov]ty & ri*es1 or ( happ9ess & mis]y1 are also relative4 ,a p]son is always consid]$ poor or ri*1 happy or mis]able1 by comp>+ 8 lot ) t ( o!rs by :om he is surr\nd$4 ,z1 !re=e1 all ideas ( resemblance or ( contra/ are ga9$ by comp>+ two objects toge!r1 our conceptions (t5 unite objects t resemble ea* o!r or t are contra/$ ) ea* o!r4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,imag9ation4 ,all op]ations ( m9d :i* are n produc$ by mat]ial ?+s act+ ^u ! s5ses consi/ ( a cont9ual succession ( conceptions4 ,"s ( ^! conceptions are exact pictures ( pa/ p]ceptions1 & are att5d$ by ! consci\sness t su* ?+s h exi/$ be=e1 & su* are call$ ideas ( memory4 ,o!rs are conceptions :i*1 by ! process ( association1 are cont9ually recurr+1 & arrang+ !mselves 9 new comb9ations1 accord+ to c]ta9 laws or pr9ciples ( association4 ,imag9ation has be5 def9$ z t p[] :i* ! m9d possesses ( arrang+ conceptions 9 new comb9ations1 & x c readily be se5 t ?is includes all ! ord9>y successions ( ?\ght except ^? ( p]ception & memory4 ,! t]m imag9ation has be5 us$ 9 r a vague mann] by writ]s on ! subject4 ,sometimes x is us$ to signify all t succession ( conceptions :i* recur accord+ to ! laws ( association1 & sometimes x is us$ 9 a m re/rict$ s5se4 ,! m limit$ mean+ is ! "o to :i* ! t]m is mo/ commonly appli$1 & x seems to be ! "o :i* precision & accuracy 9 ! use ( t]ms dem&1 & !re=e x w n[ be po9t$ out4 ,! m9d is susceptible ( c]ta9 emotions1 :i* are call$ emotions ( ta/e4 ,^!1 m specifically1 are call$ emotions ( beauty1 sublimity1 & novelty4 ,su* emotions are awak5$ by c]ta9 objects 9 nature1 by c]ta9 works ( art1 & by ! use ( language :i* recalls conceptions ( ^! objects4 ,^? objects :i* awak5 su* emotions are call$ objects ( ta/e1 & ^? arts :i* enable u to produce comb9ations t w awak5 su* emotions are call$ ! f9e arts4 ,among ! f9e arts are ord9>ily class$ pa9t+1 music1 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 ornam5tal g>d5+1 & poetry4 ,! art ( ! pa9t] consi/s 9 comb9+1 accord+ to c]ta9 rules ( proportion & fitness ( outl9e & color1 c]ta9 objects1 :i*1 ei!r f _! peculi> "*1 or f ! fitness ( _! comb9ation 9 effect+ a giv5 design1 awak5 emotions ( beauty or sublimity4 ,! highe/ p]fection ( ?is art consi/s n s mu* 9 close imitation z 9 ! nature ( ! comb9ations1 & _! unity & fitness 9 produc+ ! effect design$ by ! arti/4 ,! art ( ! sculptor is simil> 9 its nature1 & diff]s *iefly 9 ! mat]ials employ$1 & 9 be+ limit$ to a mu* m re/rict$ numb] ( objects = comb9ation4 ,! art ( ! ar*itect consi/s 9 plann+ & con/ruct+ edifices1 int5d$ ei!r = use or ornam5t1 & 9 s arrang+ ! diff]5t p>ts z to awak5 emotions ( beauty or sublimity f ! display ( utility1 fitness1 gr&eur ( ext5t1 or ord] ( proportion4 ,! art ( ! musician consi/s 9 comb9+ s\nds s z to produce su* melodies or h>monies z w awak5 v>i$ emotions 9 ! m9d4 ,! p[] ( ?is art ov] ! human m9d is mu* sup]ior to t ( ! o!rs enum]at$1 because x c call =? bo? a great] v>iety & m p[]ful emotions4 ,! art ( ! poet consi/s 9 su* a use ( language z w recall objects ( beauty or sublimity 9 comb9ations t are pleas+ to ! m9d1 or z w1 by ! description & expression ( v>i$ emotion 9 o!r m9ds1 awak5 simil> feel+s 9 ! brea/ ( ! read]4 ,! art ( ornam5tal g>d5+ consi/s 9 su* an arrangem5t ( ! v>i$ objects :i* compose a l&scape z w awak5 emotions ( beauty f a display ( unity ( design1 ord]1 fitness1 & utility4 ,! t]m imag9ation1 !n1 9 its mo/ frequ5t use1 signifies ^? new comb9ations ( conceptions :i* w awak5 ! emotions ( ta/e4 ,! pa9t] or ! poet1 :5 he attempts ! ex]cise ( 8 art1 has "s lead+ desire ( an object to be secur$4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ?is desire1 all ^? conceptions1 recurr+ by ! pr9ciple ( association1 :i* appe> fitt$ to accompli% ?is object1 imm$iately become vivid & di/9ct1 & are cle>ly reta9$ 9 ! m9d4 ,z o!r conceptions succe$1 o!r objects are f\nd :i* w =w>d ! g5]al design1 & ^! also are reta9$1 & ?us ! process cont9ues till ! object aim$ at is accompli%$1 & by ! p5 or p5cil reta9$ 9 durable *>act]s4 ,! action ( m9d to :i* ! t]m imag9ation is ?us re/rict$ diff]s 9 no respect f o!r acts ( conception :5 ! m9d is "u ! influ5ce ( desire1 except 9 ! nature ( ! objects ( desire4 ,if x is ! desire ( ! m9d to e/abli% a proposition by ma!matical reason+1 ! m9d is engag$ 9 ! same process ( conception z :5 x is engross$ ) ! desire to =m "s comb9ation ( ta/e4 ,9 bo? cases "s object ( desire /imulates ! m9d1 & :atev] conceptions appe> fitt$ to accompli% ?is object imm$iately become vivid & di/9ct4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,judgm5t4 ,! t]m judgm5t1 z a m5tal faculty1 signifies t p[] ( ! m9d by :i* x notices relations4 ,x is (t5 us$ to signify all ! intellectual p[]s1 among :i* x is ! mo/ important "o4 ,?us we he> x said t1 9 c]ta9 cases1 ! feel+s & ! judgm5t are 9 opposition1 or t ! he>t & ! judgm5t are n 9 agreem5t4 ,x is also us$ (t5 to signify any act ( ! m9d :5 a comp>ison is made betwe5 two ?+s1 or betwe5 ! tru?s ass]t$ 9 any proposition & a tru? already believ$4 ,! act call$ memory is a conception att5d$ ) "o specific act ( judgm5t1 by :i* a pres5t /ate ( m9d is comp>$ ) a pa/1 & ! relation ( resemblance p]ceiv$4 ,! nature ( our ideas ( relation are v diff]5t1 accord+ to ! object or purpose = :i* ! comp>ison is made4 ,if objects are comp>$ 9 ref]5ce to "t1 we le>n "s "o ( ! relations ( pa/1 pres5t1 or future4 ,no idea ( "t c be ga9$ except by comp>+ "o p]iod ( "t ) ano!r1 & ?us notic+ _! relations4 ,all dates are ga9$ by comp>+ "o po9t ( "t ) "s specifi$ ev5t1 su* z ! bir? ( ! ,savior1 or "s p>ticul> p]iod 9 ! revolution ( ! e>? ar\nd ! sun4 ,if objects are comp>$ 9 ref]5ce to ! succession ( our conceptions or p]ceptions1 we ga9 ! ideas ( su* relations z are express$ by ! t]ms fir/ly1 secondly1 & ?irdly4 ,if objects are comp>$ 9 ref]5ce to ! degree ( any quality1 we ga9 an idea ( su* relations z are express$ by ! t]ms bright]1 sweet]1 h>d]1 l\d]4 ,if objects are comp>$ 9 ref]5ce to proportion1 we ga9 ideas ( su* relations z are express$ by ! t]ms an eigh?1 a half4 ,if objects are comp>$ 9 ref]5ce to ! relation ( p>ts to a :ole1 we ga9 su* ideas z are express$ by ! t]ms "p1 :ole1 rema9d]4 ,! process ( classify+ objects & ! use ( language dep5d ^u ! p[] ( judgm5t2 = if we see an object possess+ c]ta9 qualities1 9 ord] to apply ! "n we mu/ comp>e & obs]ve _! resemblance to ! qualities to :i* su* a "n has be5 appli$ 9 pa/ exp]i5ce1 & ?is feel+ ( resemblance is an act ( judgm5t4 ,! application ( a "n1 !n1 always implies ! ex]cise ( ! p[] ( judgm5t1 by :i* a comp>ison is made betwe5 ! pres5t qualities obs]v$ 9 an object & ! same qualities :i* affect$ ! m9d :5 ! "n has =m]ly be5 employ$4 ,x also implies ! act ( association1 by :i* ! p]ception ( c]ta9 qualities recalls ! idea ( ! s\nd or object ) :i* !y h be5 repeat$ly conjo9$4 ,! m5tal process call$ reason+ is no?+ b a connect$ succession ( acts ( judgm5t4 ,x is a comp>ison ( :at is ass]t$ 9 a giv5 proposition ) "s tru? :i* is believ$1 or :i* has be5 e/abli%$ by evid5ce1 & !n obs]v+ ! agreem5t or disagreem5t4 ,?us ! tru? t ?+s w be 9 agreem5t ) pa/ exp]i5ce unless !re is "s reason = ! contr>y1 is a tru? :i* e m9d believes4 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 any ev5t has be5 repeat$ly an object ( pa/ exp]i5ce1 x is comp>$ ) ?is tru? already believ$1 & f\nd to be includ$ "u x1 & !re=e entitl$ to ! same cr$it4 ,?us1 also1 ! tru? t ?+s :i* equal ! same ?+ equal "o ano!r1 is "o :i* e m9d believes4 ,:5 any object by exam9ation is f\nd to be includ$ "u t class ( objects :i* are ?us equal to ! same ?+1 x is an act ( reason+ :5 we inf] t !y are equal to "o ano!r4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,susceptibilities4 ,hav+ exam9$ ! intellectual p[]s1 we w n[ att5d to ! next g5]al class1 d5om9at$ ! susceptibilities4 ,:5 ! m9d is 9 a /ate ( emotion1 ?is /ate is always ei!r pleasurable or pa9ful4 ,desire relates to ! atta9m5t ( "s object :i* w be ! cause ( pleasurable emotions1 or else to ! avoidance ( some?+ :i* w cause pa9ful emotions4 ,?is desire = pleasure & = ! avoidance ( pa9 is ! ma9spr+ ( all m5tal activity2 = :5 x is n 9 exi/5ce1 nei!r ! p[]s ( ! m9d or ( ! body are call$ into ex]cise4 ,!re are v>i\s s\rces ( enjoym5t or causes ( pleasurable emotion to ! m9d ( man1 ! mo/ important ( :i* w n[ be po9t$ out4 ,! fir/ cause ( enjoym5t at ! comm5cem5t ( exi/5ce is t ( s5sation4#b ,?is1 at fir/1 is small 9 am\nt comp>$ ) :at x becomes :5 association l5ds its aid to height5 s5sitive enjoym5t4 ,! light ( day1 ! brilliancy ( color1 ! sweetness ( p]fume1 ! gratification ( ta/e & t\*1 ! magic influ5ce ( s\nd1 & ! pleasure result+ f muscul> activity1 are probably ! *ief s\rces ( enjoym5t to ! infant m9d4 ,z life advances1 all ^! modes ( s5sitive gratification become connect$ ) o!rs ( an intellectual & moral nature1 s t at mature ye>s x is difficult to det]m9e h[ mu* ( ! enjoym5t we d]ive f ! s5ses is ! result ( association1 & h[ mu* is simply t ( s5sation4 ,ano!r s\rce ( happ9ess to ! human m9d is ! simple ex]cise ( its intellectual p[]s4 ,?is includes all ! pleasures d]iv$ f ! ex]cise ( ta/e & ! imag9ation2 all ! m pr(itless ex]cises ( rev]ie & ca/le-build+2 all ! activity ( m9d employ$ 9 contriv+1 inv5t+1 & br++ to pass ! v>i\s projects = secur+ good to ourselves & o!rs2 & all ^? *>m+ illusions :i* s (t5 give transi5t delight1 b bur/ l bubbles 9 ! grasp4 ,ano!r s\rce ( enjoym5t is ! ex]cise ( physical & moral p[]4 ,?is love ( p[] is "o ( ! e>lie/ pr9ciples :i* is develop$ 9 ! human m9d4 ,! ex]cise ( ! muscles 9 produc+ *anges 9 its own mat]ial frame or 9 surr\nd+ objects is a s\rce ( con/ant pleasure to ! infant m9d4 ,!re are few :o h re>$ a *ild ?r\gh ! p]iod ( infancy b c recollect ! times t ?is new species ( delight 0 manife/$1 z1 ) 8 h& rais$ be=e 8 eyes1 he wat*$ its v>i\s motions1 & le>n$ 8 own p[] to control !m4 ,?is love ( p[] cont9ually displays itself 9 ! sports & pursuits ( *ildhood4 ,to project ! pebble ?r\gh ! air2 to drive ! hoop2 to turn ! w9dmill2 to conduct "s light /ream f its *annel2 to roll ! rock f ! m\nta9 cliff--^! & _m o!rs are ! v>i$ modes by :i* *ildhood exhibits its love ( physical p[]4 ,b :5 man beg9s to le>n ! influ5ce :i* m9d c ex]t ov] m9d1 a new desire is awak5$ ( moral p[]4 ,all ! diff]5t modes are !n s\ght by :i* "o m9d c b5d ! w ( o!rs to yield to its controll+ influ5ce4 ,x is ?is desire :i* is gratifi$ :5 ! conqu]or ( nations beholds millions ( m9ds yield+ to ! slighte/ ^w ( 8 comm&4 ,x is ?is :i* inspires ! orator1 z he p\rs =? t eloqu5ce :i* *>ms ! delight$ ?rong1 & b5ds !m to 8 w4 ,x is ?is desire1 :i* (t5 becomes ! ma/] passion1 to :i* is sacrific$ all t is j1 lovely1 & b5evol5t4 ,ano!r cause ( enjoym5t is t ( sympa?y 9 ! happ9ess ( o!rs4 ,?is susceptibility is a s\rce ( con/ant enjoym5t :5 ^? ar\nd u are cont5t$ & happy4 ,none c be ignorant ( ! *ange produc$ 9 pass+ f ! society ( a sprightly1 *e]ful1 & happy gr\p to a circle s\r$ by discont5t or ov]:elm$ ) melan*oly4 ,9 e>ly *ildhood1 ! effect ( ?is pr9ciple is cle>ly develop$4 ,ev5 ! infant *ild is affect$ & di/urb$ ) fl[+ te>s1 & /eals away f ! *amb] ( sorr[1 :ile ! sight ( smil+ faces & ! s\nd ( *e]ful voices s5ds ?r\gh 8 he>t ! gl[ ( delight4 ,ano!r s\rce ( enjoym5t is a feel+ ( consci\s rectitude4 ,man is s con/itut$ t1 :5 he kn[+ly violates ! pr9ciples ( rectitude1 a pa9ful feel+ is ! inevitable consequ5ce1 :ile a habit ( con/ant con=mity to !m br+s a peaceful & happy /ate ( m9d4 ,ano!r s\rce ( happ9ess is ! consci\sness ( be+ ! cause ( happ9ess to o!rs4 ,?is is an enjoym5t entirely di/9ct f t ( sympa?y 9 ! happ9ess ( o!rs2 = we may see happ9ess conf]r$ by ano!r & rejoice 9 x1 b ! pleasure ( be+ ourselves ! cause ( ?is enjoym5t is "o altoge!r peculi>4 ,x c readily be se5 t ! m b5evol5t a m9d is1 ! m happ9ess x w d]ive f ?is s\rce2 :ile 9 exact proportion z ! m9d is selfi%ly engross$ by its own exclusive int]e/s w ?is /ream ( enjoym5t cease to fl[4 ,ano!r s\rce ( happ9ess is ! consci\sness ( inspir+ c]ta9 emotions 9 o!r m9ds1 su* z e/eem1 respect1 confid5ce1 love1 gratitude1 rev]5ce1 & ! l4 ,! desire = ?is is "o ( ! /ronge/ passions1 & its gratification (t5 secures ! mo/ exquisite enjoym5t4 ,?is happ9ess1 ord9>ily1 is proportion$ to ! nobl5ess ( ! p]son :o r5d]s ?is reg>d4 ,ano!r s\rce ( enjoym5t is ! discov]y ( c]ta9 qualities 9 intellig5t m9ds4 ,! p]ception ( ! qualities ( matt] ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s5ses is a v inf]ior s\rce ( gratification comp>$ ) ! discov]y ( c]ta9 qualities ( m9d4 ,?is is ! s\rce ( ! highe/ enjoym5t ( :i* ! m9d is capable4 ,! emotions ?us awak5$ are call$ e/eem1 v5]ation1 love1 gratitude1 & ! l4 ,love1 9 its mo/ g5]al s5se1 is us$ = ! pleasurable emotion :i* is felt 9 ! discov]y ( any quality t is agreeable1 ei!r 9 matt] or m9d4 ,?us we are said to love ! beauties ( nature1 to love delici\s fruit1 & to love ! society ( fri5ds4 ,b 9 relation to intellig5t be+s1 x signifies pleasurable emotion 9 view ( c]ta9 qualities & actions1 att5d$ ) ! desire ( good to ! object lov$1 & also a desire = reciprocat$ affection4 ,!re are c]ta9 qualities & attributes ( m9d :i* may be po9t$ out z ! causes ( affection4 ,! fir/ is intellectual sup]iority4 ,our e/imate ( intellect is altoge!r relative4 ,:at 9 a *ild seems an a/oni%+ display ( x1 w\ld be consid]$ pu]ility 9 a man4 ,:at excites admiration 9 a savage or 9 ! unlett]$1 is reg>d$ ) little emotion 9 ! man ( education4 ,!re are v>i\s qualities ( intellect :i* awak5 admiration4 ,quick p]ceptions & ready inv5tion are ! peculi> attribute ( "s m9ds2 o!rs are end[$ ) great sagacity & wisdom 9 adapt+ ! be/ means to accompli% ! be/ ends2 o!rs possess an en]gy & =ce ( purpose :i* enables !m to enc\nt] difficulties1 su/a9 bodily fatigue1 & ev5 to face dea? )\t %r9k+2 o!rs possess a p[] ( =m+ new & v>i$ comb9ations t gratify ! ta/e2 o!rs seem to possess a read9ess & v]satility ( m9d :i* enables !m to succe$ 9 almo/ any object !y und]take4 ,! exhibition ( any ( ^! op]ations ( intellect are causes ( emotions ( pleasure to o!r m9ds4 ,! next quality ( m9d :i* is a cause ( affection is ! p[] ( sympa?y4 ,!re is no?+ :i* s p[]fully draws ! m9d t[>d ano!r be+ z ! assurance t all our pleasures w be 81 & t 9 all our afflictions he w be afflict$4 ,x is probable t a be+ entirely de/itute ( ?is susceptibility1 h[ev] he might excite ! m9d by displays ( intellectual p[]1 nev] c\ld be reg>d$ ) ! w>m & t5d] emotions ( affection4 ,if we enc\nt]$ a m9d t we felt look$ ^u our happ9ess )\t "o glimm]+ ( pleasure1 & :o c\ld gaze ^u our suff]+s )\t "o %ade ( sympa?iz+ woe1 x is probable ! m9d w\ld turn away ) feel+s ( dissatisfaction or disgu/4 ,ano!r quality ( m9d :i* becomes a cause ( love is ! p[] ( giv+ & appreciat+ affection4 ,!re is no?+ :i* is an object ( m con/ant & f]v5t desire ?an ! admiration & affection ( o!r m9ds4 ,to be an object ( att5tion & ( admiration to o!rs has be5 ! aim t has /imulat$ ! ef=ts & n]v$ ! arm ( all ! h]oes & conqu]ors ( ! _w4 ,to ga9 ! e/eem & affection ( o!r m9ds is :at regulates ! actions1 ! plans1 & ! hopes ( all mank9d4 ,if1 !re=e1 a m9d %\ld be de/itute ( ?is susceptibility1 t :i* gives ! *ief int]e/ w\ld be )drawn4 ,if we %\ld f9d1 also1 t ! gift ( our affections 0 ( no value to ano!r m9d1 ?is w\ld deprive x ( mu* t awak5s int]e/ & pleasure4 ,x is ! excessive indulg5ce ( ?is desire = admiration :i* leads to ambition & pride--^? pr9ciples :i* h fill$ ! _w ) cont5tion & delug$ x ) blood4 ,ano!r quality ( m9d :i* secures affection is b5evol5ce4 ,?is consi/s 9 su* a love = ! happ9ess z induces a will+ness to make sacrifices ( p]sonal ease or enjoym5t to secure a great] am\nt ( good to o!rs4 ,e m9d is s made t1 if its own wi%es are n int]f]$ )1 x is m agreeable to see o!rs happy ar\nd ?an to see !m mis]able4 ,!re h be5 cases ( su* p]v]sion ( our nature t "s h seem$ to f9d pleasure 9 ! simple act ( inflict+ pa9 ^u o!rs2 b ?is seldom occurs until aft] a long c\rse ( self-indulg5ce & crime4 ,all p]sons1 if x co/ no sacrifice1 w\ld pref] to make o!rs happy4 ,b !re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! "* ( m9ds 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,"s1 :5 !y f9d t c]ta9 modes ( p]sonal enjoym5t int]f]e ) ! int]e/s & happ9ess ( o!rs1 c f9d a pleasure 9 sacrific+ _! own less] enjoym5t to secure great] good = o!rs4 ,b o!rs are s engross$ by exclusive int]e/ 9 _! own happ9ess t !y w n give up ! smalle/ am\nt ( _! own good to secure any am\nt ( b5efit to o!rs4 ,all m9ds1 :atev] _! own "* may be1 dete/ selfi%ness 9 o!rs1 & nev] c be/[ any great affection :]e ?is is a prevail+ trait4 ,^! are ! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( m9d :i* are causes ( admiration & affection4 ,!re are o!r m specific ex]cises1 su* z mode/y1 humility1 meekness1 & ! l4 ,b all ^! traits ( "*1 :i*1 9 !mselves consid]$1 are causes ( pleasure1 9 c]ta9 circum/ances may1 to a selfi% m9d1 become causes ( unm+l$ pa94 ,if ! displays ( intellect or ! exhibition ( ! amiable susceptibilities 9 ano!r be+ are view$ by a selfi% m9d z ! cause ( disp>agem5t & disadvantage\s contra/ to itself1 !y w be reg>d$ only ) pa9ful emotions4 ,!y w awak5 envy1 ang]1 wra?1 malice1 & all un*>itabl5ess4 ,?is fact is fully illu/rat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w & 9 ! daily obs]vation ( life4 ,! causes ( pa9 to ! human m9d are 9 mo/ cases ow+ to ^! v susceptibilities ( enjoym5t4 ,! organization ( ! mat]ial frame & ( ! ext]nal _w1 :ile x is a s\rce ( multipli$ & con/ant enjoym5t1 is (t5 also ! cause ( ! mo/ int5se & exquisite suff]+4 ,! /ronge/ conception ( suff]+ ( :i* m9d c =m any conception is s5sitive suff]+4 ,!re are _m m9ds ^: con/itution & circum/ances are su* t !y c =m b fa9t conceptions ( any pa9 :i* results f ! ex]cise ( malignant passions1 or f o!r s\rces ( suff]+4 ,b e m9d soon acquires a k ( :at s5sitive suff]+ mu/ be1 & c =m ! mo/ vivid conceptions ( x4 ,?\gh few ev] suff]$ ! dislocation ( jo9ts1 ! lac]ation ( ! fle%1 or ! fracture ( bones1 /ill descriptions ( su* suff]+s are readily appreh5d$ & conceiv$ (1 & !re is no?+ f :i* ! m9d s involunt>ily %r9ks4 ,ano!r cause ( suff]+ consi/s 9 ! loss ( pres5t or expect$ enjoym5t4 ,!re are _m bless+s :i* seem desirable to ! m9d t are nev] secur$1 & yet unhapp9ess is n caus$ by ! want2 b !re is no happ9ess :i* is actually 9 possession ( :i* ! loss does n occasion pa94 ,we may desire ! e/eem & affection ( c]ta9 be+s1 & yet n become unhappy f ! want ( x2 yet no?+ s5ds su* exquisite suff]+ ?r\gh ! m9d z ! conviction t "s belov$ object has ceas$ ?us to respect & to love1 or has be5 tak5 f u by dea?4 ,?us1 also1 if weal?1 :i* is ! means ( pur*as+ a v>iety ( bless+s1 be n secur$1 ! he>t c desire x )\t be+ made unhappy by ! wi%1 yet ! loss ( weal? is att5d$ ) pa9ful disappo9tm5t & regret4 ,! possession ( p[]1 also1 may be desir$ )\t uneas9ess1 b ! loss ( x seldom occurs )\t pa9ful emotions4 ,ano!r cause ( suff]+ is inactivity ( body & m9d4 ,x has be5 %[n t desire is ! spr+ bo? ( m5tal & ( physical activity1 & t ?is activity is "o s\rce ( enjoym5t4 ,! loss ( ?is species ( enjoym5t is foll[$ by consequ5t inquietude & uneas9ess4 ,ano!r cause ( suff]+ is ! exi/5ce ( /rong desire ) ! belief t x nev] c be gratifi$4 ,"s desires exi/ 9 ! m9d )\t caus+ pa91 b !y may be excit$ to su* a degree t ! c]ta9ty t !y nev] w be gratifi$ may produce angui% almo/ intol]able4 ,ano!r s\rce ( pa9 is sympa?y 9 ! suff]+s ( o!rs4 ,^! may be s realiz$ z to affect ! m9d ( ! obs]v] ) ev5 m pa9 ?an ! suff]] exp]i5ces4 ,x is probable t ! t5d] "m1 9 witness+ ! di/resses ( h] *ild1 exp]i5ces mu* m pa9 ?an ! object ( h] sympa?ies4 ,ano!r cause ( suff]+ is ! violat$ s5se ( ju/ice4 ,9 m9ds ( high moral susceptibilities1 suff]+ f ?is s\rce may be mo/ exquisite4 ,ano!r cause ( suff]+ is ! consci\sness ( guilt4 ,! emotions t foll[ ! commission ( crime are d5om9at$ rep5tance & remorse2 & x is probable t ! human m9d has nev] suff]$ great] agonies ?an h att5d$ ! exi/5ce ( ^! emotions4 ,!re are cases on record :5 int5se bodily suff]+ has be5 resort$ to z a relief f su* angui% by )draw+ ! att5tion ( ! m9d f ^? subjects t call =? su* emotions4 ,ano!r cause ( pa9 is ! appreh5sion ( future evil4 ,?is is (t5 a s\rce ( long-cont9u$ & ( di/ress+ emotions1 & ! pa9 suff]$ 9 appreh5sion is (t5 great] ?an w\ld be exp]i5c$ if ! evils 7 realiz$4 ,ano!r s\rce ( suff]+ is ! ex]cise ( malignant passions1 su* z hatr$1 envy1 & jeal\sy4 ,^! emotions nev] c exi/ 9 ! m9d )\t pa94 ,! exhibition ( wick$ passions & actions 9 o!r m9ds may also be m5tion$ 9 connection ) ?is4 ,x is pa9ful to behold a m9d toss$ ) ! furies ( ungov]n$ passion1 or yield+ to ! *a9 ( selfi%ness & pride4 ,ano!r s\rce ( suff]+ is ! consci\sness ( ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 emotions 9 o!r m9ds t[>d ourselves4 ,! belief t o!r intellig5t be+s look ^u our "* & conduct ) displeasure1 indignation1 or contempt1 inflicts ! ke5e/ suff]+1 & !re is sc>cely any ?+ mank9d w n sacrifice to avoid ^! pa9ful emotions4 ,ano!r s\rce ( pa9ful emotions is ! view ( c]ta9 *>act]i/ics 9 o!r m9ds4 ,:ile ! discov]y ( c]ta9 traits 9 o!r m9ds af=d a high enjoym5t1 ! want ( !m1 or ! exi/5ce ( _! opposite1 awak5 disagreeable emotions1 express$ by ! t]ms pity1 contempt1 indignation1 disgu/1 abhorr5ce1 & ! l4 ,!re are o!r s\rces ( pleasure & pa91 :i* w be discuss$ m at l>ge 9 succe$+ *apt]s4 #b ,h]eaft] ! t]ms s5sation & p]ception w (t5 be us$ synonym\sly 9 cases :]e x is n ne$ful to recognize ! di/9ction h]et(ore indicat$4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,susceptibilities4 ,,emotions ,,( ,,ta/e4 ,among ! susceptibilities1 ! emotions ( ta/e h always be5 di/+ui%$1 & treat$ ( z a peculi>ly di/9ct class4 ,:y is x t c]ta9 objects ( sight1 & c]ta9 s\nds or comb9ations ( s\nd1 awak5 emotions m ?an o!r sights & s\nds8 ,:y d ! p]ceptions ( ! eye & e> s mu* m p[]fully affect ! m9d ?an ^? ( ! o!r s5ses8 ,^! c]ta9ly are objects = int]e/+ inquiry4 ,9 attempt+ ! discussion ( ?is subject1 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ne$ to be consid]$4 ,all pleasurable emotions are caus$ ei!r by p]ception or conception1 = we h no o!r ideas b ( ^! two k9ds4 ,t !y are n occasion$ by p]ception alone mu/ be evid5t f ! fact t infants & *ildr51 :o h ! same p]ceptions z matur$ p]sons1 d n exp]i5ce ! emotions ( ta/e 9 view ( ! mo/ p]fect specim5s ( ! f9e arts4 ,a comb9ation ( gaudy colors or a /r+ ( glitt]+ beads w delight a *ild m ?an ! mo/ f9i%$ productions ( a ,raphael or a ,phidias4 ,t x is n conception alone :i* awak5s su* emotions is manife/ f ! fact t x is ! p]ception ( objects :i* are ei!r sublime or beautiful t awak5s ! mo/ vivid emotions ( ?is k9d4 ,( c\rse1 x is inevitable t emotions ( ta/e are caus$ by p]ception & conception ?r\gh _! connection ) "s pa/ co-exi/+ emotions4 ,p]ceptions & conceptions c recall ! emotions :i* h be5 connect$ ) !m1 & emotions c also recall a conception ( ! objects ) :i* !y h be5 unit$4 ,= example1 if "s d>k wood _h be5 ! sc5e ( t]ror & affright1 ei!r ! p]ception or ! conception ( ?is wood w\ld recall ! emotions ( fe> :i* _h coexi/$ ) x4 ,if1 on "s o!r occasion1 a /rong emotion ( fe> %\ld be awak5$1 ?is w\ld probably recall a conception ( ! wood ) :i* x _h =m]ly be5 unit$4 ,x is no uncommon fact 9 our exp]i5ce to h circum/ances ab\t u t recall unusually sad & m\rnful feel+s1 = :i* we are :olly unable to acc\nt4 ,no d\bt1 at su* times1 "s p>ticul> objects1 or "s p>ticul> comb9ation ( circum/ances :i* 7 =m]ly unit$ ) pa9ful emotions1 aga9 recur1 & recall ! emotions ) :i* !y 7 once connect$1 :ile ! m9d is :olly unable to rememb] ! fact ( _! pa/ coexi/5ce4 ,9 l mann]1 pleasurable emotions may be awak5$ by c]ta9 objects ( p]ception :5 ! m9d is equally unable to trace ! cause4 ,objects ( p]ception recall ! emotions connect$ ) !m mu* m vividly ?an objects ( conception c d4 ,?us1 if we revisit ! sc5es ( our *ildhood1 ! places ( ! sorr[s & ! joys ( e>ly days1 h[ mu* m vividly are ! emotions recall$ :i* 7 =m]ly connect$ ) ^! sc5es ?an any conception ( ^! objects c\ld awak54 ,c]ta9 p]ceptions w be f\nd to produce emotions simil> to ^? awak5$ by ! intellectual op]ations ( m9d4 ,?us ! entrance ( light produces an emotion simil> to ! discov]y ( "s tru?1 & ! emotion felt :ile 9 a /ate ( d\bt & unc]ta9ty resembles t exp]i5c$ :5 %r\d$ 9 d>kness4 ,great c>e & anxiety produce a /ate ( m9d simil> to :at is felt :5 ! body is press$ d[n by a heavy weight4 ,! upw>d spr+ ( an ela/ic body awak5s feel+s resembl+ ^? t att5d ! he>+ ( good news1 & ?us ) _m o!r p]ceptions4 ,f ?is fact orig9ates mu* ( ! figurative language 9 common use2 su* z :5 k is call$ light1 & ignorance d>kness1 & c>e is call$ a load1 & joy is said to make ! he>t leap4 ,x has previ\sly be5 %[n t ! discov]y ( c]ta9 op]ations & emotions ( m9d af=ds mu* m pleasure ?an att5ds m]e p]ceptions ( mat]ial objects4 ,^? :o h exp]i5c$ ! excit+ animation felt at developm5ts ( spl5did g5ius1 & ! pure delight result+ f ! int]*ange ( affection1 c well realize t no s5sitive gratification c\ld ev] be ex*ang$ = !m4 ,:atev] objects1 !re=e1 mo/ vividly recall ^? emotions :i* are awak5$ :5 su* qualities are appreh5d$ w be mo/ int]e/+ to ! m9d4 ,n[ x w appe> t !re are no modes by :i* "o m9d c le>n ! "* & feel+s ( ano!r b by means ( ! eye & e>4 ,a p]son bo? deaf & bl9d c\ld nev]1 except to an exce$+ly limit$ ext5t1 le>n ei!r ! intellectual op]ations or ! emotions ( ano!r m9d4 ,( c\rse1 x is by means ( c]ta9 =ms1 colors1 motions1 & s\nds t we ga9 ^? ideas :i* are mo/ int]e/+ & animat+ to ! s\l4 ,x is by ! blu% ( mode/y1 ! pal5ess ( fe>1 ! flu% ( indignation1 t color aids 9 giv+ an idea ( ! emotions ( ! m9d4 ,! pallid hue ( disease1 ! sall[ complexion ( age1 ! pure & bright colors ( *ildhood1 & ! delicate bl5d+s ( ! y\?ful complexion1 h mu* influ5ce 9 convey+ ideas ( ! qualities ( m9d 9 c]ta9 p>ticul>s4 ,! color & fla%+ expressions ( ! eye also h mu* to d ) our appreh5sions ( ! work+s ( m9d4 ,z x reg>ds motion z aid+ 9 imp>t+ su* ideas1 x is by ! curl ( ! lip t contempt is express$1 by ! ar*+ br[ t curiosity & surprise are exhibit$1 by ! sc[l+ front t ang] & discont5t are display$1 & by v>i\s muscul> movem5ts ( ! c\nt5ance t ! passions & emotions ( ! m9d are portray$4 ,x is by ! motions ( ! body & limbs also t /rong emotions are exhibit$1 z 9 ! clasp$ h& ( supplication1 ! ext5d$ arms ( affection1 & ! viol5t contortions ( ang]4 ,=m & outl9e also h _! influ5ce4 ,! sunk5 eye ( grief1 ! holl[ *eek ( c>e & want1 ! b5d+ =m ( sorr[1 ! erect position ( dignity1 ! curvature ( haught9ess & pride1 are v>i\s modes ( express+ ! qualities & emotions ( m9d4 ,b x is by ! v>i$ s\nds ( voice *iefly t intellect glances abroad1 & ! s\l is p\r$ =? at ! lips4 ,! quick & animat$ s\nds ( *e]fulness1 joy1 & hope2 ! s(t] tones ( meekness1 g5tl5ess1 & love2 ! pla9tive notes ( sympa?y1 sorr[1 & pa92 ! firm tone ( magnanimity1 =titude1 pati5ce1 & self-d5ial1 all exhibit ! pleas+ & int]e/+ emotions ( ! s\l4 ,nor less expressive1 ?\gh m pa9ful1 are ! h>% s\nds ( ang]1 malice1 envy1 & discont5t4 ,n only are c]ta9 =ms1 colors1 motions1 & s\nds ! m$ium by :i* we ga9 a k ( ! intellectual op]ations & emotions ( o!r m9ds1 b !y are ! means by :i* we discov] & designate ^? mat]ial objects :i* are causes ( com=t1 utility1 & enjoym5t4 ,?us x is by ! p>ticul> =m & color t we di/+ui% ! fruits & ! food :i* m9i/] to our support4 ,by ! same means we discrim9ate betwe5 noxi\s & useful plants & animals1 & di/+ui% all ^? conv5i5ces & contrivances :i* contribute to ! com=t ( man4 ,( c\rse1 c]ta9 =ms & colors are connect$ 9 ! m9d ) c]ta9 emotions ( pleasure t h att5d$ !m z causes ( com=t & enjoym5t4 ,9 :at prec$es1 x appe>s t x is ^? emotions :i* are awak5$ by ! appreh5sion ( c]ta9 intellectual op]ations & emotions ( intellig5t m9ds :i* are mo/ delightful2 t all our ideas ( su* op]ations & emotions are ga9$ by means ( c]ta9 =ms1 colors1 motions1 & s\nds2 t we designate objects ( conv5i5ce & enjoym5t to ourselves by ! same mode2 t p]ceptions c recall ! emotions :i* h be5 connect$ ) !m1 ev5 aft] ! m9d has =gott5 ! connection1 & t p]ceptions recall associat$ emotions mu* m vividly ?an conceptions4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ^! consid]ations1 ! inf]5ce seems ju/ifiable t ! emotions ( beauty & sublimity are n ow+ ei!r simply to ! p]ceptions produc$1 nor to ! conceptions recall$ by ! pr9ciple ( association4 ,b !y are acc\nt$ = 9 a great degree by ! fact t c]ta9 colors1 =ms1 motions1 & s\nds h be5 s (t5 connect$ ) emotions awak5$ by ! appreh5sion ( qualities 9 o!r m9ds1 or ( emotions :i* arise 9 view ( causes ( enjoym5t to ourselves1 t ! p]ception ( ^! colors1 s\nds1 =ms1 & motions recall su* agreeable emotions1 ev5 :5 ! m9d c n trace ! connection 9 pa/ exp]i5ce4 ,z an example ( ?is1 ! emotion ( pleasure has be5 s (t5 connect$ ) ! cle> blue ( ! sky & ) ! bright v]dure ( ! foliage1 t ! sight ( ei!r ( ^! colors recalls ! emotions1 ?\gh we may n be able to ref] to any p>ticul> "t :5 ?is previ\s connection exi/$4 ,9 l mann]1 ! moan+ s\nd ( ! w9d 9 a /orm1 or ! h>% gr[l :i* sometimes att5ds x1 has s (t5 be5 unit$ ) sorr[ful or disagreeable emotions1 t ! s\nds recall ! emotions4 ,b !re is ano!r important fact 9 reg>d to ! causes ( ! emotions ( ta/e4 ,x is f\nd t ! "* ( ! comb9ation ( s\nds1 =ms1 colors1 & motions has z mu* to d ) ! exi/5ce ( su* feel+s z ! nature ( ^! objects ( p]ception4 ,! v same colors & =ms1 9 c]ta9 comb9ation1 are v displeas+1 :5 9 o!rs !y are beautiful4 ,?us1 also1 c]ta9 motions 9 c]ta9 circum/ances are v beautiful or sublime1 & 9 o!rs v displeas+4 ,! v same s\nds1 also1 may be made ei!r v disagreeable or v delightful1 accord+ to _! comb9ation4 ,to acc\nt = ?is1 x is necess>y to und]/& t objects :i* t5d to awak5 emotions ( a directly opposite nature c n bo? op]ate on ! m9d )\t caus+ disagreeable feel+s4 ,if we are surr\nd$ by objects ( awe & solemnity1 x is pa9ful to notice objects t are mean or ludicr\s4 ,if we are "u ! influ5ce ( sprightly & humor\s feel+s1 x is pa9ful to enc\nt] solemn & p5sive sc5es1 ) :i*1 p]haps1 at o!r times1 we %\ld be pleas$4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to awak5 emotions ( beauty & sublimity1 !re mu/ exi/ a congruity 9 ! arrangem5t & composition ( p>ts :i* w prev5t ! op]ation ( causes t w\ld awak5 incongru\s emotions4 ,b !re is ano!r pr9ciple :i* has a /ill m p[]ful op]ation 9 reg>d to ! effect ( comb9ation & composition4 ,we are always accu/om$ to view objects ) "s ref]5ce to _! nature & use4 ,we always feel t e effect mu/ h a cause1 & t e contrivance has "s design :i* x 0 made to accompli%4 ,!re is no intellectual attribute ( m9d :i* is reg>d$ ) m admiration ?an wisdom1 :i* is always %[n 9 select+ ! be/ means = accompli%+ a giv5 end2 & ! m int]e/+ or important is ! object to be secur$1 ! m is ! m9d pleas$ ) discov]+ ! wisdom exhibit$ 9 adapt+ means to secure ?is end4 ,almo/ e con/ruction ( nature or ( art is reg>d$ by ! m9d z hav+ "s use & design4 ,no m9d1 except "o b]eft ( its p[]s1 w\ld ev] employ itself 9 design+ any ?+ :i* has no possible use1 ei!r 9 b5efit+ or pleas+ ! design] or o!rs2 & %\ld any su* object be f\nd1 x w\ld cause only disgu/1 z exhibit+ ! fatuity ( a m9d :i* sp5t its p[]s 9 contriv+ s useless a ?+4 ,!re are _m objects :i* meet ! eye ( man = :i* he 9 va9 seeks ! use & design2 b su* objects are nev] att5d$ ) ! conviction t !re is no possible use to :i* !y c be appli$2 on ! contr>y1 !y m frequ5tly provoke curiosity1 & awak5 desire to discov] _! nature & _! use4 ,!re is a nev]-fail+ conviction att5d+ all our discov]ies ( new objects 9 nature t !re is "s design or contrivance ( :i* !y =m a l9k 9 ! *a94 ,:5ev] ! object ( any design is asc]ta9$1 imm$iately !re comm5ces an exam9ation ( ! modes by :i* ?is object is to be effect$4 ,if e ?+ is f\nd to h>monize--if a relation ( fitness & propriety is discov]$ 9 e "p1 ! m9d is satisfi$ ) ! exhibition ( wisdom :i* is ?us discov]$4 ,b if "s p>ts are f\nd t5d+ to c\nt]act ! g5]al design ( ! contrivance1 ! object is displeas+4 ,e "w ( art1 !n1 dep5ds1 = ! pleasure x af=ds1 n alone on ! v>i\s =ms1 colors1 s\nds1 & motions :i* are comb9$ to affect ! s5ses1 b on ! nature ( ! design int5d$1 & on ! skill :i* is %[n 9 s compos+ & arrang+ ! sev]al p>ts t ea* %all duly aid 9 effect+ ?is design4 ,?is is ! p>ticul> 9 :i* ! g5ius ( ! pa9t]1 ! sculptor1 ! ar*itect1 ! musician1 & ! poet is especially exhibit$4 ,ano!r p>ticul> to be notic$ 9 ref]5ce to ?is subject is ! implant$ pr9ciple ( curiosity1 or ! desire :i* ! m9d feels to discov] :at is new4 ,aft] we h discov]$ ! object = :i* a ?+ is contriv$1 & ! fit adju/m5t ( e "p to ?is object1 "o cause ( int]e/ 9 x ceases4 ,& objects :i* h be5 ! subjects ( repeat$ obs]vation & inspection nev] yield s mu* int]e/ z ^? :i* af=d to ! m9d "s fre% opportunity to discov] new indications ( design1 & ( fitness 9 ! means = accompli%+ ! design4 ,! love ( novelty1 !n1 is a p[]ful pr9ciple 9 secur+ gratification to ! m9d4 ,( c\rse1 ! g5ius ( ! arti/ is to be display$1 n only 9 arrang+ ! sev]al p>ts s z to accompli% a giv5 design1 b 9 ! v ef=t to secure a design :i* is new1 s t ! m9d w h a fre% object = ex]cis+ its p[]s 9 detect+ ! fitness ( means = accompli%+ a giv5 end4 ,f ! prec$+1 we recapitulate ! foll[+ causes = ! pleasurable emotions :i* are felt 9 view ( c]ta9 objects ( sight1 & 9 c]ta9 comb9ations ( s\nd3 ,!y recall emotions :i*1 9 pa/ exp]i5ce1 h be5 connect$ ) ! conception ( op]ations & emotions ( o!r m9ds1 or ) mat]ial objects t 7 reg>d$ z ! causes ( pleasurable emotions to ourselves2 !y recall emotions t are congru\s 9 _! nature2 !y cause emotions ( pleasure f ! discov]y ( fitness 9 design & composition2 &1 f9ally1 !y awak5 emotions ( novelty4 ,emotions ( ta/e t are pa9ful are caus$ by ! pres5ce ( objects t recall pa9ful emotions ) :i* !y h =m]ly be5 connect$2 by objects t recall incongru\s emotions2 by objects t exhibit a want ( fitness & design2 & by objects t are common1 :5 ! m9d has be5 l$ to expect novelty4 ,,objects1 ,,motions1 ,,& ,,s\nds ,,t ,,cause ,,emotions ,,( ,,ta/e4 ,! causes :i* produce emotions ( ta/e h n[ be5 po9t$ out4 ,an inquiry z to :i* are ! objects1 motions1 & s\nds1 & _! v>i\s comb9ations1 t1 9 our exp]i5ce1 h awak5$ su* emotions1 may lead to facts t w e/abli% ! position assum$4 ,emotions ( ta/e g5]ally are divid$ into two classes1 call$ emotions ( sublimity & emotions ( beauty4 ,emotions ( sublimity resemble ^? :i* exi/ 9 ! m9d at ! display ( great intellectual p[]1 & at exhibitions ( /rong passion & emotions 9 ano!r m9d4 ,emotions ( beauty resemble ^? :i* are exp]i5c$ at ! exhibition ( ! m g5tle emotions ( m9d1 su* z pity1 humility1 meekness1 & affection4 ,( ,s\nds4 ,all s\nds are sublime :i* 9 pa/ exp]i5ce h be5 associat$ ) ! /rong emotions ( fe> & t]ror4 ,su* s\nds are he>d 9 ! ro> ( artill]y1 ! h[l+ ( a /orm1 ! roll ( ?und]1 & ! rumbl+ ( an e>?quake4 ,s\nds are sublime1 also1 :i* convey an idea ( great p[] & might4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ! emotions felt at ! uproot+ ( trees & ! pro/ration ( nature be=e a :irlw9d2 9 ! =ce ( ! roll+ waves1 z !y da% aga9/ ! cliffs2 & 9 art1 by ! work+ ( "s pond]\s & mighty eng9e1 t a/oni%es ) ! imm5se resi/ance x c ov]come4 ,o!r s\nds1 also1 are sublime :i* h (t5 be5 associat$ ) emotions ( awe1 solemnity1 or deep melan*oly4 ,su* are ! toll+ ( a heavy bell & ! solemn notes ( ! organ4 ,!re may be c]ta9 circum/ances t r5d] a s\nd1 t o!rwise w\ld be v g5tle & beautiful1 m /rongly sublime ?an ev5 ^? s\nds t are g5]ally mo/ t]rific4 ,gray describes su* a comb9ation ( circum/ances 9 a lett] to a fri5d4 ,did y nev] obs]ve1 said he1 :ile rock+ w9ds are pip+ l\d1 t pause1 z ! gu/ is recollect+ itself1 & ris+ ^u ! e> 9 a %rill & pla9tive note1 l ! swell ( ! olian h>p8 ,i d assure y !re is no?+ 9 ! _w s l ! voice ( a _s4 ,we h ano!r example 9 ,scripture3 ,& behold1 ! ,"l pass$ by1 & a great & /rong w9d r5t ! m\nta9s1 & brake 9 pieces ! rocks be=e ! ,"l2 b ! ,"l 0 n 9 ! w9d2 & aft] ! w9d an e>?quake2 b ! ,"l 0 n 9 ! e>?quake2 & aft] ! e>?quake a fire2 b ! ,"l 0 n 9 ! fire2 & aft] ! fire a /ill small voice4 ,& x 0 s1 :5 ,elijah he>d x1 he wrapp$ 8 face 9 a mantle4 ,9 bo? ^! cases1 ! sudd5 sil5ce & ! /ill small voice1 s contra/$ ) ! tumult ar\nd1 w\ld awak5 ! mo/ ?rill+ emotions ( ! sublime4 ,9 "s cases x is ! s5se :i* ^! s\nds awak5 ( ! pres5ce ( "s awful & p[]ful ,be+ t causes su* emotions4 ,!re are a great v>iety ( s\nds t are call$ beautiful4 ,su* are ! s\nd ( a di/ant wat]fall1 ! murmur ( a rivulet1 ! sigh+ ( ! w9d1 ! t9kl+ ( ! %eepfold1 ! l[+ ( di/ant k9e1 & ! note ( ! %eph]d's pipe4 ,b x mu/ be rem>k$ t x is always a comb9ation ( circum/ances t make s\nds ei!r sublime or beautiful4 ,if we "k1 by ! s\rce f :i* !y orig9ate1 t !y are caus$ by no display ( p[] or dang]1 or if necess>ily !y h l[ & mean associations connect$ ) !m1 ! emotions ( ! sublime or beautiful1 :i* w\ld o!rwise recur1 are prev5t$4 ,?us ! rumbl+ ( a c>t is sublime :5 x is believ$ to be ?und]1 & loses ?is "* :5 its true cause is discov]$4 ,! s\nd ( ! l[+ ( k9e 9 c]ta9 circum/ances is v beautiful1 & 9 o!rs v vulg> & displeas+4 ,music seems to owe its *ief p[] ov] ! m9d to ! fact t x c comb9e all k9ds ( s\nds t h ev] be5 associat$ ) any emotions1 ei!r ( dignity1 awe1 & t]ror2 or ( joy1 sprightl9ess1 & mir?2 or ( t5d]ness1 melan*oly1 & grief4 ,its p[] dep5ds on ! nature ( ! p>ticul> s\nds1 & also on ! nature ( _! comb9ation & succession 9 relation to "t1 & 9 relation to a c]ta9 s\nd :i* is call$ ! fundam5tal or key note4 ,! art ( a musical compos] consi/s 9 ! ability ) :i* he succe$s 9 produc+ a c]ta9 class ( emotions :i* he aims to awak54 ,! m f9i%$ productions ( ?is art are nev] reli%$ till long obs]vation & exp]i5ce enable ! li/5] to judge ( ! nature ( ! design1 & ) h[ mu* success ! compos] has succe$$ 9 effect+ x4 ,music1 :5 adapt$ to c]ta9 words1 has its nature & design m cle>ly portray$1 & 9 su* productions x is easi] to judge ( ! success ( ! compos]4 ,( ,color4 ,!re are no colors :i* ord9>ily excite s /rong an emotion z to be call$ sublime4 ,! deep black ( m\rn+ & ! ri* purple ( royalty approa* ! ne>e/ to ?is "*4 ,t colors acquire _! p[] 9 awak5+ agreeable or disagreeable emotions simply f ! emotions :i* h ord9>ily exi/$ 9 connection ) !m1 appe>s f ! fact t ! associations ( mank9d are s exce$+ly div]se on ?is subject4 ,:at is consid]$ a dignifi$ & solemn color 9 "o nation is tawdry & vulg> 9 ano!r4 ,?us1 ) u1 yell[ is common & tawdry1 b among ! ,*9ese x is a favorite color4 ,black1 ) u1 has solemn & m\rnful associations1 b 9 ,spa9 & ,v5ice x is an agreeable color4 ,:ite1 9 ?is c\ntry1 is beautiful1 z ! emblem ( purity & innoc5ce1 b 9 ,*9a x is ! sorr[ful g>b ( m\rn+4 ,( ,=ms4 ,=ms t awak5 emotions ( sublimity are su* z h be5 associat$ ) emotions ( dang]1 t]ror1 awe1 or solemnity4 ,su* are milit>y ensigns1 cannon1 ! he>se1 ! monum5t ( dea?1 & v>i\s objects ( ?is k9d4 ,^? =ms :i* di/+ui% bodies t h great /r5g?1 or :i* are endur+ 9 _! nature1 awak5 ! same class ( emotions4 ,?us ! ,go?ic ca/le1 ! outl9e ( rocks & m\nta9s1 & ! =m ( ! oak1 are examples4 ,bodies (t5 appe> sublime f ! m]e circum/ance ( size1 :5 comp>$ ) objects ( ! same k9d4 ,?us ! pyramids ( ,egypt are an example :]e relative size1 toge!r ) _! imp]i%able mat]ials1 awak5s emotions ( sublimity4 ,! ideas ( beauty ( =m dep5d almo/ entirely on _! fitness to ! object = :i* !y are design$1 & on _m casual associations ) :i* !y are connect$4 ,( ,motion4 ,all motion t awak5s sublime ideas is su* z conveys ! notion ( great =ce & p[]4 ,motions ( ?is k9d are g5]ally 9 /raight or angul> l9es4 ,su* motions are se5 9 ! work+ ( ma*9]y1 & 9 ! ef=ts ( animal nature4 ,quick motion is m sublime ?an sl[4 ,motions t awak5 ideas ( beauty are g5]ally sl[ & curv+4 ,su* are ! w9d+s ( ! quiet rivulet1 ! glid+ motion ( birds ?r\gh ! air1 ! wav+ ( trees1 & ! curl+ ( vapor4 ,9 reg>d to ! beauty & sublimity ( =ms & color1 x is equally true1 z 9 ref]5ce to s\nd1 t ! alt]ation ( circum/ances w v mat]ially alt] ! nature ( ! emotions connect$ ) !m4 ,if !y are s comb9$ z to cause incongru\s emotions1 or if !y d n h>monize ) ! g5]al design ( any composition1 emotions ( ! sublime or beautiful are n awak5$4 ,= example1 if ! vivid gre51 :i* is agreeable 9 itself f ! pleas+ emotions :i* h be5 connect$ ) x1 is comb9$ ) a sc5e ( melan*oly & desolation1 :]e ! design ( ! arti/ is to awak5 o!r ?an lively emotions1 x appe>s incongru\s & displeas+4 ,! art ( ! poet consi/s 9 ! use ( su* language z awak5s emotions ( beauty & sublimity1 ei!r by recall+ conceptions ( v>i\s =ms1 colors1 & motions 9 nature1 :i* are beautiful & sublime1 or ! /rong & p[]ful1 or ! s(t & g5tle emotions ( m9d4 ,emotions ( moral sublimity are su* z are felt 9 witness+ exhibitions ( ! =ce ( intellect or ( /rong feel+s4 ,emotions ( moral beauty are ^? t are felt 9 witness+ ! exhibition ( ! g5tl] & t5d] emotions ( m9d4 ,^! emotions are mu* m p[]ful & delightful ?an :5 !y are m fa9tly recall$ by ^? objects ( p]ception :i* are call$ sublime & beautiful4 ,! ta/e is improv$ by cultivat+ a love = intellectual end[m5ts & moral qualities4 ,x is also cultivat$ by ga9+ an ext5sive k ( objects & sc5es :i*1 ei!r 9 hi/ory1 or 9 poetry1 or 9 any compositions ( ! f9e arts1 h be5 associat$ ) emotions4 ,x is also cultivat$ by le>n+ ! rules ( fitness & propriety1 by /udy+ works ( ta/e1 by g5]al read+1 by int]c\rse ) p]sons ( ref9em5t & ta/e1 & by a nice obs]vation ( ! adaptation & fitness ( ?+s 9 ! daily int]c\rse & pursuits ( life4 ,! highe/ ef=ts ( ta/e are exhibit$ 9 ! works ( arti/s :o make su* pursuits ! express object ( _! pr(ession4 ,b 9 ord9>y life ! cultivation ( ta/e is *iefly exhibit$ 9 ! /yle1 furniture1 & decoration ( private dwell+s1 & 9 ! dress & ornam5ts ( ! p]son4 ,9 ref]5ce to ^!1 !re is ! same opportunity = gratify+ ! eye z !re is 9 ! compositions ( ! f9e arts4 ,on ^! subjects !re are rules 9 reg>d to color1 outl9e1 & comb9ation1 & also rules ( fitness & propriety1 ( :i* e p]son ( ta/e s5sibly feels ! violation4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( dwell+-h\ses1 9 ! proportion ( rooms1 9 ! suitabl5ess ( colors1 9 ! fitness ( all circum/ances to ! spot ( location1 to ! habits & circum/ances ( ! proprietor1 to ideas ( conv5i5ce1 & to v>i\s p>ticul>s :i* may be objects ( reg>d1 9 all ^! respects ! eye ( ta/e ev] is prep>$ to di/+ui% beauties or defects4 ,z x reg>ds dress1 e individual w necess>ily exhibit1 to a great] or less ext5t1 ! degree 9 :i* ta/e has be5 cultivat$4 ,a p]son ( real ref9em5t ( ta/e w always h ! dress consi/5t ) ! circum/ances ( =tune1 ! relative rank 9 life1 ! /ation & "*1 ! h\r ( ! day1 ! p>ticul> pursuit or pr(ession1 & ! p]iod ( life4 ,if a p]son is dress$ ) a ri*ness & elegance :i* =tune does n w>rant1 if ! dress is ei!r inf]ior or sup]ior to t ( o!rs ( ! same rank & /ation1 if x is unfitt$ to ! h\r or ! pursuit1 if y\? puts on ! grave dress ( age1 or age assumes ! bright colors & ornam5ts ( y\?1 9 all ^! cases ! eye ( ta/e is (f5d$4 ,9 ! adaptation ( colors to complexions1 & ! /yle ( dress to ! p>ticul> =m ( ! p]son2 9 avoid+ ! extremes ( fa%ion1 ! excesses ( ornam5t1 & all approa*es to immode/y--9 all ^! respects a good ta/e c be display$ 9 dress1 & ?us *>m u 9 e-day life4 ,a p]son ( cultivat$ ta/e1 9 all t relates to ! little arrangem5ts ( dome/ic life1 ! ornam5ts ( ! ext]ior & int]ior ( a dwell+1 ! pursuits ( h\rs ( relaxation & amusem5t1 ! modes ( social int]c\rse1 ! nice p]ception ( proprieties 9 habits1 mann]s1 modes ( address1 & ! ?\s& little e-day incid5ts ( life1 w ?r[ an undef9$ & nameless *>m ar\nd1 l ! s(t light ( heav51 t1 )\t dazzl+1 p]petually *e]s4 ,emotions ( ! ,ludicr\s4 ,!re is a c]ta9 class ( feel+s call$ emotions ( ! ludicr\s1 :i* are ! causes ( laught]4 ,^! are g5]ally pleasurable 9 _! nature1 ?\gh !re are times :5 ! emotions :i* produce laught] are pa9ful4 ,emotions ( ?is k9d are usually caus$ by ! sudd5 union ( c]ta9 ideas 9 our conceptions :5 ! laws ( association appe> to be violat$4 ,su* ideas are call$ incongru\s1 because1 accord+ to ! ord9>y exp]i5ce ( our m9ds1 !y w\ld n naturally h appe>$ toge!r4 ,9 ord] to awak5 ?is emotion1 x is n only necess>y t ! m9d %\ld discov] ideas unit$ :i* h n ord9>ily be5 s 9 pa/ exp]i5ce1 b ^? :i* are unit$ 9 direct opposition to ! laws ( association4 ,?us1 if !re has be5 a union ( c]ta9 qualities 9 an object :i* h uni=mly t5d$ to produce emotions ( a dignifi$ & solemn k9d1 & "s p>ticul> is po9t$ out :i* is mean1 little1 or l[1 ! unexpect$ incongruity occasions mir?4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 an object 9 pa/ exp]i5ce has uni=mly unit$ ideas :i* awak5$ emotions ( contempt1 if "s p>ticul> is po9t$ out 9 association ) ^! :i* is gr& or sublime1 ?is incongruity occasions an emotion ( ! ludicr\s4 ,?is is ! f\ndation ( ! amusem5t produc$ by bomba/ic writ+s1 :]e objects t are gr& & sublime h l[ & mean conceptions connect$ ) !m1 or :]e qualities t are insignificant or mean are connect$ ) ^? :i* are gr& & sublime4 ,! foll[+ example ( ! union ( su* incongru\s ideas w illu/rate3 ,& n[ _h ,phoebus 9 ! lap ,( ,!tis tak5 out 8 nap1 ,&1 l a lob/] boil$1 ! morn ,f black to r$ began to turn4 ,! sublime ideas connect$ ) ! sun1 & ! classical associations unit$ ) ! "n ( ,!tis1 w\ld n naturally h recall$ ! idea ( s insignificant an animal1 nor ! *anges produc$ 9 cook+ x1 & ^! connections violate ! ord9>y laws ( association4 ,emotions ( ! ludicr\s are also produc$ by ! sudd5 conception ( "s association 9 ideas :i* has nev] be=e be5 discov]$4 ,?us1 if ideas h be5 unit$ 9 ! m9d on "s o!r pr9ciple ( association ?an t ( resemblance1 ! sudd5 discov]y ( "s unexpect$ resemblance w produce mir?4 ,?is is ! f\ndation ( ! m]rim5t produc$ by puns1 :]e ! ideas :i* ! words repres5t w\ld nev] h be5 unit$ by ! pr9ciples ( association1 b ! union ( ^! ideas is effect$ on ! pr9ciple ( resemblance betwe5 ! s\nds ( ! words :i* recall ^! ideas4 ,:5 ! m9d sudd5ly p]ceives ?is unexpect$ f\ndation = ! union ( ideas t 9 all o!r respects are incongru\s1 an emotion ( ! ludicr\s is produc$4 ,?is is also ! f\ndation ( ! pleasure :i* is felt 9 ! use ( allit]ation 9 poetry1 :]e a resemblance is discov]$ 9 ! initial s\nd ( words t recall ideas :i* 9 all o!r respects are incongru\s4 ,all m9ds enjoy ! excitem5t ( ?is class ( emotions1 b "s mu* m ?an o!rs4 ,laught]1 :i* is ! effect ( ?is class ( emotions1 is enjoy$ m or less by all mank9d1 & is reg>d$ z n only an agreeable1 b z a heal?ful ex]cise4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,moral ,,susceptibilities4 ,a brief ref]5ce has be5 made to ^? susceptibilities :i* are ! subject ( ?is *apt]4 ,^!1 f _! importance1 are entitl$ to a m enl>g$ consid]ation4 ,be=e proce$+1 h[ev]1 x is desirable to ref] to ! uses ( ! t]m moral1 inasmu* z x (t5 is employ$ ) a vague compreh5sion ( its signification4 ,9 its wide/ s5se x signifies :atev] relates to ! regulation ( m9d by motives 9 di/9ction f ^? influ5ces t produce involunt>y results4 ,9 a m limit$ s5se1 x signifies :atev] relates to ! regulation ( m9d 9 ref]5ce to ! rules ( "r & wrong4 ,9 ! prec$+ pages x has be5 assum$ t ! gr& object = :i* ! ,creator =m$ m9d & all ?+s is to produce ! greate/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil1 & t ?is design is s impress$ on ! human m9d t ! ne$less de/ruction ( happ9ess is felt to be wrong--t is1 contr>y or unfitt$ to ! design ( all ?+s2 :ile all t t5ds to promote happ9ess is felt to be "r1 or consi/5t ) ?is plan4 ,9 ord] to a m cle> view ( ?is "p ( ! subject1 x is important to inquire z to ! mann] 9 :i* ! ideas ( "r & wrong seem to orig9ate4 ,! "y *ild fir/ notices t c]ta9 actions ( its own are reg>d$ ) smiles & tones ( love & approval1 :ile o!r acts occasion fr[ns & tones ( displeasure4 ,next1 x p]ceives t :atev] gives pleasure to itself & to o!rs is call$ good & "r1 :ile :atev] causes unpleasant feel+s is call$ bad & wrong4 ,moreov]1 x notices t !re is a "r & wrong way to hold its spoon1 to use its play?+s1 to put on its clo!s1 & to d multitudes ( o!r ?+s4 ,x ?us p]ceives1 m & m1 t !re is "s rule to regulate ! use & action ( all ?+s1 bo? animate & inanimate1 & t su* rules always h ref]5ce to "s plan or design4 ,z its faculties develop & its obs]vation enl>ges1 ! g5]al impression is secur$ t all plans & contrivances ( m5 are design$ to promote enjoym5t or to prev5t discom=t1 & are call$ good & "r j s f> z ?is is done4 ,at ! same "t1 all t t5d to discom=t or pa9 are call$ bad & wrong4 ,9 all ! works ( nature ar\nd1 too1 e ?+ t promotes enjoym5t is call$ good & "r1 & ! opposite is call$ evil & wrong4 ,at la/ !re is a result+ feel+ t ! great design ( all ?+s is to secure good & prev5t evil1 & t :atev] is oppos$ to ?is is wrong1 & unfitt$ to ! object = :i* all ?+s exi/4 ,! "q :e!r ?is impression is ow+ solely to obs]vation or p>tly to m5tal con/itution is waiv$ z ( little practical consequ5ce4 ,b1 9 ! exp]i5ce ( infancy & *ildhood1 ! law ( sacrifice is spe$ily develop$4 ,x is p]ceiv$ t mu* ( ! good to be ga9$1 if s\ght to excess1 occasions pa91 s t !re mu/ be a c]ta9 am\nt ( self-d5ial practic$1 :i*1 to ! "y novice1 sometimes involves disappo9tm5t & discom=t4 ,x is also se5 t frequ5tly two or m enjoym5ts are (f]$ :i* are incompatible1 s t "o mu/ be rel9qui%$ to ga9 ! o!r4 ,x is p]ceiv$1 also1 t !re is a con/ant calculation go+ on z to :i* w be ! be/--t is1 :i* w secure ! mo/ good ) ! lea/ evil4 ,& ! *ild is con/antly in/ruct$ t x mu/ avoid excess1 & mu/ give up :at is ( less value to secure ! great] good4 ,all ?is tra9+ involves sacrifices :i* are m or less pa9ful1 s t a "y *ild w sometimes cry z x volunt>ily gives up "o k9d ( pleasure z ! only mode ( secur+ :at is pref]r$4 ,x is p]ceiv$1 also1 t !re is a con/ant balanc+ ( good & evil1 s t a giv5 am\nt ( enjoym5t cancels or repays = a c]ta9 am\nt ( evil4 ,:5 a great am\nt ( enjoym5t is pur*as$ by a small degree ( labor or tr\ble1 ! comp\nd result is deem$ a good1 & call$ "r2 on ! contr>y1 :5 ! evil involv$ exce$s a giv5 am\nt 9 comp>ison to ! good1 ! comp\nd result is call$ evil & wrong4 ,?us is g5]at$ ! impression t !re is a law ( sacrifice in/itut$ requir+ ! greate/ possible good ) ! lea/ possible evil1 & t ?is is ! great design ( all ?+s4 ,! impression is1 n m]ely t we are to seek enjoym5t & avoid pa91 b t we are to seek ! greate/ possible good ) ! lea/ possible evil1 & t 9 do+ ?is we are to obey ! law ( sacrifice & suff]+1 by :i* ! greate/ possible good is to be b\ght by a c]ta9 am\nt ( evil volunt>ily assum$4 ,9 reg>d to ?is great law ( sacrifice1 ! highe/ "p ( x is disc]n$ 9 ! e>lie/ exp]i5ces ( life4 ,! "y *ild v soon p]ceives t its "m & its o!r fri5ds are con/antly mak+ sacrifices = its own good1 & be>+ inconv5i5ces & tr\ble = ! good ( ^? ar\nd4 ,& ^? :o p]=m su* acts ( b5evol5t self-sacrifice are prais$1 & _! conduct is call$ good & "r4 ,volunt>y suff]+ to promote ! welf>e ( o!rs is disc]n$ to be ! highe/ k9d ( good & "r conduct 9 ! e/imation ( all4 ,! fir/ feature1 !n1 9 our moral nature is t impression ( ! great design ( our ,creator :i* furni%es u ! means ( decid+ on ! rectitude ( all volunt>y action4 ,! second feature ( our moral con/itution is :at is ord9>ily call$ ! s5se ( ju/ice4 ,x is t susceptibility :i* is excit$ at ! view ( ! conduct ( o!rs z volunt>y causes ( good or evil4 ,9 all cases :]e free ag5ts act to promote happ9ess1 an emotion ( approval arises1 toge!r ) a desire ( rew>d to ! au?or ( ! good4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 !re is a volunt>y de/ruction ( happ9ess1 !re is an emotion ( disapproval & a desire = retributive pa9 on ! au?or ( ! wrong4 ,^! emotions are in/9ctive1 & n at all regulat$ by reason 9 _! inception4 ,:5 an evil is done1 an in/ant desire is felt to discov] ! cause2 & :5 x is f\nd1 an in/ant desire is felt to inflict "s p5alty4 ,s irrational is ?is impulse1 t *ildr5 w exhibit ang] & deal bl[s on inanimate objects t cause pa94 ,ev5 mature m9ds are sometimes consci\s ( ?is impulse4 ,x is ! (fice ( ! intellect to judge :e!r ! de$ 0 a volunt>y "o1 :e!r ! ag5t int5d$ ! mis*ief1 & :e!r a p5alty w be ( any use4 ,! impulse to puni% is nev] prec$$ by any su* calculations4 ,t ?is impulse is an implant$ "p ( our con/itution1 & n ! result ( reason & exp]i5ce1 is se5 9 ! delight manife/$ by "y *ildr5 9 ! n>ration ( ! nurs]y tale :]e ! cruel uncle :o murd]$ ! ,babes 9 ! ,wood receives ! retributions ( ,heav54 ,ano!r feature 9 ?is s5se ( ju/ice is ! proportion dem&$ betwe5 ! evil done & ! p5alty inflict$4 ,t ?is also is in/9ctive1 & n ! result ( reason1 is se5 9 ! nurs]y1 :]e *ildr5 w approve ( slight p5alties = slight (f5ses1 & sev]e ones = great ones1 b w revolt f any v great disproportion betwe5 ! wrong act & its p5alty4 ,z a g5]al rule1 bo? 9 ! nurs]y & 9 ! great family ( mature m9ds1 ! great] ! wrong done1 ! /rong] ! desire = a p5alty1 & ! m sev]e ! puni%m5t dem&$4 ,ano!r v important po9t ( consid]ation is ! univ]sal feel+ ( mank9d t ! natural p5alties = wrong-do+ are n suffici5t1 & t x is an act ( love z well z ( ju/ice to add to ^! p5alties4 ,?us ! p>5t :o =bids 8 *ild to eat gre5 fruit w n tru/ to ! results ( ! natural p5alty1 b re/ra9 by ! fe> ( ! imm$iate & m easily conceiv$ p5alty ( *a/isem5t4 ,s1 9 ! great family ( man1 ! natural p5alties = !ft are n deem$ suffici5t1 b sev]e p5alties = ! protection ( prop]ty are add$4 ,?is p>ticul> is ! f\ndation ( c]ta9 di/9ctions t are ( great importance1 :i* w n[ be po9t$ out4 ,we f9d ! t]ms rew>d & puni%m5t us$ 9 two diff]5t relations4 ,9 ! fir/ & wide/ s5se !y signify n only ! p5alties ( human law1 b ^? natural consequ5ces :i*1 by ! con/itution ( nature1 inevitably foll[ c]ta9 c\rses ( conduct4 ,?us an indol5t man is said to receive pov]ty z a puni%m5t1 & x is 9 ?is s5se t 8 *ildr5 are said to be puni%$ = ! faults ( _! fa!r4 ,! violations ( natural law are puni%$ )\t any ref]5ce to ! "q :e!r ! evil-do] int5d$ ! wrong1 or :e!r he s9n$ 9 ignorance1 or :e!r ?is ignorance 0 involunt>y & unavoidable4 ,! "q ( ! ju/ice or inju/ice ( su* natural p5alties involves ! great "q ( ! "r & wrong ( ! sy/em ( ! univ]se4 ,is x j & "r = ! ,creator to make a sy/em 9 :i* all free ag5ts %all be ?us l$ to ob$i5ce to its laws by p5alties z well z rew>ds1 by fe> z well z by hope8 ,?is "q w n be discuss$ "h4 ,mo/ discussions z to j rew>ds & p5alties ord9>ily relate to ! add$ p5alties by :i* p>5ts1 tea*]s1 & magi/rates en=ce ob$i5ce to natural or to /atute law4 ,9 ^! que/ions ref]5ce is always _h to ! probable results ( su* rew>ds & p5alties 9 secur+ ob$i5ce4 ,if exp]i5ce has %[n t c]ta9 p5alties d secure ob$i5ce to wise & good laws1 ei!r ( nature or ( human enactm5t1 !n !y are consid]$ j4 ,if !y d n1 !y are c\nt$ unwise & unju/4 ,s1 if c]ta9 p5alties are ne$lessly sev]e--t is to say1 if a less p5alty w secure equal ob$i5ce1 !n ?is also decides s sev]e a p5alty to be unju/4 ,9 decid+ on ! rectitude ( ! p5alties ( human enactm5ts1 x is always assum$ to be unju/ to puni% = any lack ( k & ob$i5ce :5 ! subject _h no p[] to "k & to obey4 ,if a *oice to obey w n secure ! act requir$ ( a free ag5t1 !n a p5alty inflict$ = disob$i5ce is always reg>d$ z unju/4 ,! only seem+ exception to ?is is ! case :]e a p]son1 by volunt>y means1 has depriv$ himself ( ability to obey4 ,b 9 su* cases ! puni%m5t is felt to be "r1 n because he does n obey :5 he has no p[]1 b because he has volunt>ily depriv$ himself ( ?is p[]4 ,& he is puni%$ = de/roy+ 8 ability to obey1 & n = violat+ ! law4 ,^! ?+s 9 human laws1 !n1 are always dem&$ to make a p5alty appe> j to ! moral s5se ( mank9d1 namely1 t ! subject h p[] to obey1 & t he has opportunity to "k ! law1 & is n ignorant by any volunt>y & improp] neglect4 ,9 all que/ions ( ju/ice1 !re=e1 x is important to discrim9ate betwe5 ^? p5alties t are inh]5t z a "p ( ! great sy/em ( ! univ]se1 & = :i* ! ,creator alone is ! responsible cause1 & ^? :i* result f volunt>y in/itutions ( :i* m5 are ! au?ors4 ,9 connection ) ?is subject1 x is important to recognize ! di/9ction t exi/s 9 reg>d to two classes ( "r & wrong actions4 ,! fir/ class includes ^? :i* are wrong 9 _! nature & 9 all supposable cases1 su*1 = example1 z ! wanton infliction ( ne$less pa91 or ! brea* ( plight$ fai?1 or ! return+ ( love & k9dness ) ungrateful treatm5t4 ,9 all possible suppositions1 ! m9d revolts f su* actions z wrong & des]v+ ( p5alties4 ,x is ?is class ( actions :i*1 )\t any reason+1 ! m9d nev] fails to disapprove1 & to desire %\ld be visit$ ) retributive p5alties4 ,! o!r class ( "r & wrong acts d]ive _! e/imate solely f ! circum/ances 9 :i* !y occur4 ,= example1 a man is angry & beats a little *ild4 ,n[ ! "q :e!r 8 feel+s & action are "r or wrong dep5ds entirely on circum/ances4 ,if ! *ild has done no evil & ! p]son knew x1 8 feel+s & actions are wrong4 ,b if ! p]son is a fa!r correct+ 8 *ild = "s he9\s fault & ) only a suitable degree ( ang]1 !n ! feel+ & action are "r4 ,!re is ano!r mode ( e/imat+ conduct by :i* ! same act may h two opposite *>act]s1 accord+ to ! relation 9 :i* x is reg>d$4 ,= example1 a good p>5t may give wrong m$ic9e to 8 *ild1 or puni% an innoc5t "o1 believ+ him to be guilty4 ,9 su* cases ! act is "r z x respects ! motive or int5tion1 & wrong z x respects ! nature ( ! action4 ,x is sometimes ! case t a man may d a "r action ) a bad motive1 & a wrong action ) a good motive4 ,?us ! same act is "r 9 "o relation1 & wrong 9 ano!r4 ,x is important t ?is di/9ction %\ld be borne 9 m9d4 ,! next feature 9 our moral con/itution is ! susceptibility :i* is excit$ by ! intellectual judgm5t ( our own feel+s & conduct z ei!r "r or wrong4 ,9 case we decide !m to be "r1 we exp]i5ce an emotion ( self-approval :i* is v delightful2 b if we decide t !y are wrong1 we exp]i5ce an imm$iate p5alty 9 a pa9ful emotion call$ remorse4 ,?is emotion is always proportion$ to ! am\nt ( evil done1 & ! consci\sness t x 0 done kn[+ly & int5tionally4 ,no suff]+ is m ke5 ?an ! highe/ emotions ( ?is k9d1 :ile _! pangs are (t5 endur+ & unappeasable4 ,sometimes !re is an att5d+ desire to inflict retribution on "o's self z a mode ( alleviat+ ?is di/ress4 ,?is susceptibility is usually d5om9at$ consci5ce4 ,sometimes ?is ^w is us$ to include bo? ! intellectual judgm5t ( our conduct z "r or wrong1 & ! consequ5t emotions ( approval or remorse2 sometimes x ref]s to ! susceptibility alone4 ,ei!r use is correct1 z 9 ! connection 9 :i* x is employ$ ! di/9ction c ord9>ily be easily made4 ,?is analysis ( our moral con/itution furni%es means = a cle> def9ition ( su* t]ms z obligat$1 ought1 ought n1 & ! l4 ,a p]son is obligat$ or ought to d a ?+ :5 he has ! intellect to p]ceive t x is "r1 & ! moral susceptibilities j describ$4 ,:5 he is de/itute ei!r ( ! intellect or ( ^! susceptibilities1 he ceases to be a moral & acc\ntable be+4 ,he c no long] be made to feel any moral obligations4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,! ,,w4 ,x is ! p[] ( *oice :i* raises man to ! dignity ( an intellectual & moral be+4 ,)\t ?is pr9ciple1 he w\ld be a creature ( m]e impulses & in/9cts4 ,he w\ld possess susceptibilities ( happ9ess to be excit$1 & intellect to devise & discov] ! modes ( secur+ enjoym5t2 b )\t gov]n+ pr9ciple1 ! s\l w\ld be l$ captive ) ea* successive desire1 or be ! sport ( *ances :5ev] conflict+ desires 7 awak5$4 ,he :o =m$ man 9 8 own p]fect image left n 8 "w )\t ?is balance-p[] to regulate ! complicat$ spr+s ( s wond]ful an exi/5ce4 ,man is n[ n only ! image ( 8 ,creator z "l ( ?is l[] _w1 b is1 l him1 ! "l & ma/] ( 8 own p[]s4 ,x has be5 %[n t ! con/itution1 bo? ( m9d & ( ! _w1 is su* t x is impossible 9 ! nature ( ?+s to ga9 e object :i* is ! cause ( enjoym5t4 ,!re is a con/ant succession ( selections to be made betwe5 diff]5t modes ( secur+ happ9ess4 ,a less] good is giv5 up = a great]1 or "s good rel9qui%$ altoge!r to avoid "s consequ5t pa94 ,(t51 also1 "s pa9ful /ate ( m9d is s\ght z ! means ( secur+ "s future good1 or ( avoid+ "s great] evil4 ,?us m5 endure want1 fatigue1 & fam9e to pur*ase weal?4 ,?us ! nause\s draught w be swall[$ to avoid ! pa9s ( sickness2 & ?us ! pleasures ( dome/ic affection w be sacrific$ to obta9 honor & fame4 ,! :ole c\rse ( life is a con/ant succession ( su* decisions betwe5 diff]5t modes ( secur+ happ9ess & ( avoid+ pa94 ,specific & ,g5]ic ,volitions4 ,9 notic+ ! op]ation ( m9d1 x w be se5 t !re is a f\ndation = two classes ( volitions or acts ( *oice1 :i* may be d5om9at$ specific & g5]ic4 ,a specific volition is "o t secures "s p>ticul> act1 su* z ! mov+ ( ! arm or turn+ ( ! head4 ,su* volitions are ord9>ily consequ5t on "s m g5]al purpose ( ! m9d1 :i* !y aid 9 accompli%+1 & :i* is1 !re=e1 d5om9at$ a g5]ic volition4 ,= example1 a man *ooses to make a c]ta9 j\rney3 ?is is ! g5]ic volition1 &1 9 ord] to c>ry x out1 he p]=ms a great v>iety ( acts1 ea* "o ( :i* aids 9 c>ry+ out ! g5]ic decision4 ,^! specific acts ( w1 :i* t5d to accompli% a m g5]al purpose1 may also be call$ subord9ate1 because !y are controll$ by a g5]ic volition4 ,x c be se5 t ! g5]ic volitions may !mselves become subord9ate to a /ill m compreh5sive purpose4 ,?us ! man may decide to make a j\rney1 :i* is a g5]ic volition 9 ref]5ce to all acts subord9ate to ?is end4 ,b ?is j\rney may be a subord9ate "p ( a m g5]al purpose to make a =tune or to secure "s o!r important end4 ,x is frequ5tly ! case t a g5]ic purpose1 :i* relates to objects t require a long "t & _m complicat$ op]ations1 exi/s :5 ! m9d seems almo/ unconsci\s ( its p[]4 ,= example1 a man may =m a g5]ic purpose to ent] a pr(ession = :i* ye>s w be requir$ to prep>e4 ,& :ile 8 :ole c\rse ( action is regulat$ by ?is decision1 he engages 9 pursuits entirely =eign to x & :i* seem to engross 8 :ole att5tion4 ,^! pursuits may sometimes be su* z are antagoni/ic to 8 gr& purpose1 s z at lea/ to imp]il or ret>d its accompli%m5t4 ,& yet ?is /rong & quiet purpose rema9s1 & is ev5tually c>ri$ out4 ,x is ! case1 also1 t a g5]ic volition may be =m$ to be p]=m$ at "s p>ticul> "t & place1 & !n ! m9d becomes entirely unconsci\s ( x till ! appo9t$ p]iod & circum/ances occur4 ,!n ! decision becomes dom9ant1 & controls all o!r purposes4 ,?us a man may decide t1 at a specifi$ h\r1 he w /op 8 /udies & p]=m c]ta9 gymna/ic ex]cises4 ,?is volition is =gott5 until ! h\r arrives1 & !n x recurs & is c>ri$ out4 ,?is ph5om5on sometimes occurs 9 sleep4 ,"s p]sons1 9 wat*+ ) ! sick1 w det]m9e to wake at giv5 h\rs to adm9i/] m$ic9es2 !n !y w sleep s\ndly till ! appo9t$ "t comes1 :5 !y w wak5 & p]=m ! pr$et]m9$ actions4 ,9 reg>d to ! comm5cem5t ( a g5]ic purpose1 we f9d t sometimes x is s di/9ct & def9ite z to be ! subject ( consci\sness & memory4 ,= example1 a sp5d?rift1 9 "s mom5t ( suff]+ & despond5cy1 may =m a det]m9ation to comm5ce a sy/ematic c\rse ( ?rift & economy1 & may actually c>ry x out ?r\gh all 8 future life4 ,su* cases are (t5 to be f\nd on record or 9 ev]yday life4 ,9 o!r cases1 ?is quiet1 hidd51 b controll+ purpose seems to be =m$ by unconsci\s & imp]ceptible influ5ces1 s t ! m9d c n rev]t to ! specific "t or mann] :5 x orig9at$4 ,= example1 a *ild :o is tra9$ f e>ly life to speak ! tru?1 c nev] rev]t to any p>ticul> mom5t :5 ?is g5]ic purpose orig9at$4 ,x is sometimes ! case1 also1 t a p]son w contemplate "s g5]ic volition be=e x occurs1 :ile ! process ( its f9al =mation seems almo/ beyond ! p[] ( scrut9y4 ,= example1 a man may be urg$ to rel9qui% "o employm5t & engage 9 ano!r4 ,he reflects1 consults1 & is entirely unc]ta9 h[ he %all decide4 ,z "t passes1 he gradually incl9es t[>d ! propos$ *ange1 until1 f9ally1 he f9ds 8 det]m9ation fix$1 he sc>cely kn[s :5 or h[4 ,?us x appe>s t g5]ic volitions comm5ce sometimes s in/antane\sly & obvi\sly t ! "t & influ5ces connect$ ) !m c be recogniz$4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! decision seems to be a gradual "o1 :ile 9 "s in/ances ! process c be trac$1 & 9 o!rs x is entirely unnotic$ or =gott54 ,x is 9 ref]5ce to su* g5]ic purposes t ! moral "* ( m5 is e/imat$4 ,an hone/ man is "o :o has a fix$ purpose to act hone/ly 9 all circum/ances4 ,a tru?ful man is "o :o has su* a purpose to speak ! tru? at all times4 ,9 su* cases1 ! degree 9 :i* su* a purpose controls all o!rs is ! measure ( a man's moral "* 9 ! e/imate ( society4 ,! hi/ory ( mank9d %[s a great div]sity ( moral "* dep5d5t on su* g5]ic volitions4 ,"s m5 possess firm & reliable moral pr9ciples 9 c]ta9 directions1 :ile !y are v de/itute ( !m 9 o!rs4 ,?us x w be se5 t "s h =m$ a v decid$ purpose 9 reg>d to hone/y 9 bus9ess affairs1 :o yet are mis]able victims to intemp]ance4 ,o!rs h cultivat$ a pr9ciple call$ honor1 t re/ra9s !m f c]ta9 actions reg>d$ z mean1 & yet !y may be frequ5t]s ( gambl+ saloons & o!r haunts ( vice4 ,9 ! religi\s _w1 too1 x is ! case t "s :o are v firm & decid$ on all po9ts ( religi\s obs]vances & 9 ! cultivation ( devotional emotions1 are guilty ( v mean actions1 su* z "s worldly m5 ( honor w\ld n practice at ! sacrifice ( a "r h&4 ,on ,causes ( ,volition4 ,x becomes1 !n1 a mo/ int]e/+ subject ( inquiry z to ! causes :i* decide ^! div]sities ( moral purposes1 & also ! causes :i* op]ate to give !m m or less control ov] o!r pr9ciples4 ,b1 prelim9>y to ?is1 x is necess>y to secure "s discrim9at+ accuracy 9 reg>d to ! signification ( ! ^w cause 9 its v>i\s uses4 ,?is t]m1 9 its wide/ s5se1 signifies t )\t :i* a *ange w n take place1 & ) :i* x w take place4 ,?is is ! lead+ idea :i* is includ$ 9 e use ( ! ^w4 ,b !re is a f\ndation = ?ree classes ( causes :i* may be d5om9at$ produc+ causes1 occasional causes1 & decid+ causes4 ,a produc+ cause is t :i* produces a *ange by ! con/itution ( nature1 s t 9 ! giv5 circum/ances !re is no p[] to d o!rwise4 ,occasional causes are ^? circum/ances :i* are indisp5sable to ! action ( produc+ causes4 ,?us1 :5 fire is appli$ to y\r p[d]1 ! fire is ! produc+ cause ( ! explosion1 :ile ! act ( contact betwe5 ! fire & p[d] is ! occasional cause4 ,9 reg>d to ! action ( m9d 9 volition1 ! m9d itself is ! produc+ cause1 :ile excit$ desires & objects to excite ^? desires are ! occasional causes4 ,or1 9 o!r words1 m9d is ! produc+ cause ( its own volitions1 & motives are ! occasional causes4 ,on ,decid+ ,causes ( ,volition4 ,b inasmu* z m9d always has ! p[] to *oose 9 ei!r ( two or m directions1 ! "q arises z to ! causes :i* decide ! direction ( volitions1 & :i* may be call$ decid+ causes4 ,:5ev] x is ask$1 ,:y did a p]son *oose to d ?us8 ! mean+ is1 ,:at 7 ! causes t influ5c$ him to decide ?us8 ,n[ ^! causes are asc]ta9$1 z all o!rs are1 by exp]i5ce4 ,m5 are always /at+ to ea* o!r1 z well z notic+ 9 _! own exp]i5ce1 ! causes :i* decide _! det]m9ations4 ,fir/1 9 c]ta9 cases1 :]e two or m objects are pres5t$1 ( :i* only "o c be tak51 ! cause assign$ = ! direction ( ! *oice may be t "o excit$ a /rong] desire ?an ! o!r4 ,a va/ proportion ( human volitions are decid$ simply by ! fact t "o object seems a great] good or excites a /rong] desire ?an any o!r1 & is ?us ! /ronge/ motive4 ,b !re are o!r cases :]e1 ( ! objects pres5t$1 "o excites ! /ronge/ desire1 :ile ! judgm5t p]ceives t ano!r w secure a great] good on ! :ole4 ,= example1 9 case ( a sick p]son1 !re may be plac$ a favorite dr9k t excites a v /rong desire1 & beside x may /& a nause\s m$ic9e4 ,9 ?is case1 ! invalid may feel ! /ronge/ desire = ! dr9k1 & yet *oose ! m$ic9e z ! great] good 9 its f9al results4 ,9 su* cases1 :at decides ! direction ( a volition is ! judgm5t ( ! m9d1 t ! object *os51 ?\gh x does n excite ! /ronge/ desire1 is /ill ! great] good4 ,ano!r decid+ cause ( volition is ! nature ( ! con/itutional susceptibilities4 ,= example1 :5 x is ask$ :y did a man =sake dome/ic life & become a soldi]1 ! decid+ cause may be t he _h a /rong con/itutional love ( ! excitem5t & glory connect$ ) t pr(ession1 & b little susceptibility = ! quiet enjoym5ts ( dome/ic life4 ,x is sometimes ! case t a *ild1 f its bir?1 seems to possess a natural love = tru?1 s t in/ructions on t po9t are sc>cely ne$$4 ,9 ano!r case1 9 ! same family1 & "u exactly ! same tra9+1 w be f\nd a *ild :o has ! contr>y prop5sity1 s t x co/s ye>s ( c>eful tra9+ to =m a pr9ciple ( v]acity4 ,! same con/itutional v>iety w be f\nd 9 ref]5ce to o!r virtues4 ,ano!r decid+ cause ( volition are ! habits4 ,! exi/5ce ( a habit ( ob$i5ce1 = example1 w induce ! =mation ( virtu\s purposes t w\ld nev] h exi/$ b = ?is4 ,a *ild :o began life ) /rong prop5sities to c]ta9 faults1 by a wise & c>eful tra9+ may secure habits t are fully equal 9 p[] to ! same con/itutional traits 9 ano!r *ild4 ,(t51 9 ! result1 x c n be se5 :e!r ! g5]ic purpose to be tru?ful1 = example1 result$ ma9ly f natural con/itution or f ! =mation ( habits4 ,! w itself also is m or less regulat$ by ?is pr9ciple4 ,:5 a *ild is tra9$ con/antly to submit to fix$ rules1 ! w acquires increas$ ease & facility 9 do+ x4 ,on ! contr>y1 a m9d t is nev] controll$ gr[s m & m av]se to yield+ to any regulat+ pr9ciple4 ,ano!r decid+ cause ( volition is su* a comb9ation ( circum/ances z excites "o class ( desires1 :ile o!r s5sibilities h no appropriate objects to /imulate !m4 ,= example1 x may be ask$1 ,:y did a man *oose to dr9k & gamble8 ,! cause assign$ may be ! pres5ce ( liquor & ( tempt+ companions1 & ! want ( objects to excite high] susceptibilities4 ,he _h no wise fri5ds1 no bus9ess1 & no high] s\rces ( enjoym5t imm$iately ar\nd him4 ,ano!r decid+ cause ( volition is ! exi/5ce ( pr9ciple or g5]ic purpose4 ,= example1 x may be ask$1 ,:y did a man *oose to give up 8 lib]ty & prop]ty :5 he c\ld h secur$ !m by false te/imony8 ,! answ] may be t he 0 a tru?ful man or a virtu\s man--t is1 he _h =m$ a /rong g5]ic purpose to speak ! tru? or to act "r on all occasions4 ,ano!r decid+ cause ( volition is ! exi/5ce ( love & gratitude t[>d o!r m9ds1 & ! reflex influ5ce ( su* m9ds 9 ! be/[al ( _! love1 sympa?y1 tea*+s1 & example4 ,?is is ! mo/ p[]ful ( all ! influ5ces :i* secure & su/a9 g5]ic volitions1 z w be illu/rat$ m at l>ge 9 future pages4 ,causes t regulate ! ,p[] ( ,g5]ic ,volitions4 ,! next inquiry relates to ! causes :i* regulate ! p[] ( g5]ic volition4 ,among ^? causes1 ! mo/ prom95t is t natural =ce ( w :i* is /rictly con/itutional4 ,"s m9ds are =m$ by ! ,creator ) great en]gy & great p]t9acity ( w1 s t :5 a purpose is =m$1 all subord9ate volitions ne$ful to c>ry out ?is purpose seem easily controll$4 ,o!r m9ds1 on ! contr>y1 possess a naturally feeble w1 s t no g5]ic volition has a /rong & /eady control1 b is con/antly int]rupt$ 9 its p[] ov] subord9ate volitions1 or is easily *ang$ by conflict+ desires4 ,9 "o case ! p]son is d5om9at$ a man ( firm purpose or a man ( a /rong w4 ,9 ! o!r case he is call$ a man ( yield+ temp]am5t or a weak "*4 ,! rema9+ causes t give /r5g? to a g5]ic purpose are mo/ ( ^? t h be5 enum]at$ z causes ( ! direction ( volition1 or decid+ causes4 ,^! are ! con/itutional susceptibilities--! habits--! surr\nd+ circum/ances--! exi/5ce ( love & gratitude t[>d o!r m9ds1 & ! reflex influ5ce ( su* m9ds 9 ! be/[al ( _! love1 sympa?y1 tea*+s1 & example4 ,9 all ?is v>iety ( influ5ces t decide ^? g5]ic volitions :i* are ! f\ndation ( moral "*1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 e case ! m9d has ! p[] to *oose t :i* ! judgm5t decides to be ! greate/ good on ! :ole = itself & = ! commonweal?4 ,h[ "o ,m9d causes ,volitions 9 ano!r ,m9d4 ,9 ?is connection1 x is important to secure exact ideas ( :at is meant :5 "o m9d is spok5 ( z ! cause ( ! volitions ( ano!r m9d4 ,( c\rse1 9 ?is relation1 no m9d c be ! produc+ cause ( volition 9 any m9d b itself4 ,x mu/ be1 !n1 ei!r z occasional or z decid+ causes t we c influ5ce o!r m9ds4 ,! only mode by :i* we c regulate ! volitions ( o!r m9ds is by ! employm5t ( motives to /imulate desire1 or by *ang+ ! con/itutional susceptibilities4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 m5 h p[] to s comb9e circum/ances ( temptation z to affect ! mo/ excitable & p[]ful s5sibilities1 or !y c remove ^? objects & influ5ces t su/a9 moral pr9ciple1 or by a long c\rse ( tra9+ !y c =m habits & induce pr9ciples4 ,! comb9ations ( motive influ5ces t "o m9d c br+ to be> on ano!r1 z temptations to "r or wrong action1 are almo/ inf9ite4 ,! o!r mode is by *ang+ ! con/itutional susceptibilities4 ,?is c sometimes be effect$ to a c]ta9 degree by education & ! =mation ( habits4 ,x c be /ill m directly effect$ ?r\gh ! physical organization4 ,= example1 a *ild may be tra9$ to use c(fee1 tea1 alcohol1 or tobacco1 till ! n]v\s sy/em is %att]$1 & !n a placid temp] becomes excitable1 a g5]\s nature gr[s s\r & selfi%1 an active nature becomes indol5t1 & multitudes ( o!r disa/r\s *anges are ! result4 ,^! are ! only two modes 9 :i* "o m9d is ev] reg>d$ z ! cause ( "r or wrong volition 9 o!r m9ds4 ,on a ,rul+ ,purpose4 ,! mo/ important ( all ! volunt>y ph5om5a is ! fact t1 :ile !re c be a multitude ( ^! quiet & hidd5 g5]ic purposes 9 ! m9d1 x is also possible to =m "o :i* %all be ! dom9ant or controll+ "o1 to :i* all ! o!r volitions1 bo? g5]ic & specific1 %all become subord9ate4 ,9 common p>lance1 ?is w\ld be call$ ! rul+ passion4 ,x may also be call$ ! rul+ purpose or controll+ pr9ciple4 ,?is consi/s 9 ! p]man5t *oice ( "s "o mode ( secur+ happ9ess z ! *ief end or gr& object ( life4 ,we h set =? on prec$+ pages ! *ief s\rces ( happ9ess & ( suff]+ to ! human m9d4 ,n[ 9 ! hi/ory ( our race we f9d t ea* "o ( ^! modes ( enjoym5t h be5 select$ by diff]5t individuals z ! *ief end ( _! exi/5ce--z ! mode ( seek+ enjoym5t1 to :i* !y sacrifice e o!r4 ,"s p]sons h *os5 ! pleasures ( eat+1 dr9k+1 & ! o!r gross] enjoym5ts ( s5se4 ,o!rs h *os5 ^? m elevat$ & ref9$ pleasures t come indirectly f ! s5ses 9 ! emotions ( ta/e4 ,o!rs h devot$ !mselves to intellectual enjoym5ts z _! *ief res\rce = happ9ess4 ,o!rs h select$ ! ex]cise ( physical & moral p[]1 z 9 ! case ( conqu]ors & physical h]oes1 or ( ^? :o h s\ght to control by moral p[]1 z rul]s & /atesm54 ,o!rs h made ! atta9m5t ( ! e/eem1 admiration1 & love ( _! fell[-creatures _! *ief end4 ,o!rs1 /ill1 h devot$ !mselves to ! promotion ( happ9ess ar\nd !m z _! *ief int]e/4 ,o!rs h devot$ !mselves to ! s]vice ( ,god1 or :at !y conceiv$ to be su*1 & sometimes by ! mo/ mis]able life ( asceticism & self-torture4 ,o!rs h made x _! ma9 object 9 life to obey ! laws ( rectitude & virtue4 ,9 all ^! cases1 ! moral "* ( ! p]son1 9 ! view ( all obs]v]s1 has be5 decid$ by ?is dom9ant volition1 & exactly 9 proportion to ! supremacy ) :i* x has actually controll$ all o!r purposes4 ,"s m9ds seem to h no *ief end ( life4 ,_! exi/5ce is a succession ( small purposes1 ea* ( :i* has its turn 9 controll+ ! life4 ,o!rs h a /rong1 def9$1 & all-controll+ pr9ciple4 ,n[ exp]i5ce %[s t bo? ( ^! classes are capable1 ! "o ( =m+ & ! o!r ( *ang+ su* a purpose4 ,= example1 9 a "t ( peace & ease !re is little to excite ! m9d /rongly2 b let a crisis come :]e =tune1 reputation1 & life are at /ake1 & m5 & wom5 are oblig$ to =m g5]ic decisions involv+ all !y hold de>1 & _m m9ds t h no controll+ purpose imm$iately orig9ate "o1 :ile ^? ^: =m] rul+ aims 7 9 "o direction *ange !m entirely to ano!r4 ,?is %[s h[ x is t days ( p]il create h]oes1 /atesm51 & /rong m5 & wom54 ,! h\r ( dang] calls all ! en]gies ( ! s\l into action4 ,great purposes are =m$ ) ! /ronge/ desire & emotion4 ,in/antly ! :ole curr5t ( ?\ght1 & all ! co-exi/+ desires & emotions1 are con=m$ to ^! purposes4 ,! exp]i5ce ( mank9d proves t a dom9ant g5]ic purpose may ext5d to a :ole life1 & actually control all o!r g5]ic & specific volitions4 ,mode ( ,controll+ ! ,intellect1 ,desires1 & ,emotions4 ,we w n[ consid] "s ( ! modes by :i* ! w controls ! intellect1 desires1 & emotions4 ,we h se51 9 previ\s pages1 ! influ5ce :i* desire & emotion ex]t 9 mak+ bo? our p]ceptions & conceptions m vivid4 ,:atev] purpose or aim 9 life becomes an object ( /rong desire1 is always di/9ctly & vividly conceiv$1 :ile all less int]e/+ objects are m fa9t & indi/9ct4 ,we h also se5 t :5ev] any conception arises x always br+s connect$ objects1 accord+ to c]ta9 laws ( association1 =m+ a new & complex picture4 ,:5ev] ! m9d is "u ! influ5ce ( a controll+ purpose1 ! object ( pursuit is always m int]e/+ ?an any o!r4 ,?is int]e/ always fa/5s on ^? p>ticul>s 9 any m5tal comb9ation t are connect$ ) ! rul+ purpose & seem fitt$ to promote x1 mak+ !m m vivid4 ,ar\nd ^! select$ objects _! pa/ associat$ ideas beg9 to clu/]1 =m+ o!r complex pictures4 ,9 all ^! comb9ations1 ^? ideas mo/ consonant ) ! lead+ int]e/ ( ! m9d become mo/ vivid1 & ! o!rs fade away4 ,! gr& me?od1 !n1 = regulat+ ! ?\ghts is by ! g5]ic decisions ( ! m9d z to ! modes ( seek+ enjoym5t4 ,9 reg>d to ! p[] ( ! m9d ov] its own desires & emotions1 x is v cle> t ^! s5sibilities c n be regulat$ by direct specific volitions4 ,let any p]son try to produce love1 fe>1 joy1 hope1 or gratitude by simply *oos+ to h !m arise1 & x is soon p]ceiv$ t no su* p[] exi/s4 ,b !re are indirect modes by :i* ! m9d c control its susceptibilities4 ,! fir/ me?od is by direct+ att5tion to ^? objects ( ?\ght :i* are fitt$ to call =? su* emotions4 ,= example1 if we wi% to awak5 ! emotion ( fe>1 we c place ourselves 9 circum/ances ( dang]1 or call up ideas ( horror & di/ress4 ,if we wi% to call =? emotions ( gratitude1 we c direct att5tion to acts ( k9dness to ourselves calculat$ to awak5 su* feel+s4 ,if we wi% to excite desire = any object1 we c direct att5tion to ^? qualities 9 t object t are calculat$ to excite desire4 ,9 all ^! cases ! m9d c1 by an act ( w1 direct its att5tion to subjects calculat$ to excite emotion & desire4 ,! o!r mode ( regulat+ ! desires & emotions is by ! direction ( our g5]ic volitions4 ,= example1 let a man ( bus9ess1 :o has nev] _h any int]e/ 9 comm]ce1 decide to inve/ all 8 prop]ty 9 =eign trade4 ,z soon z ?is is done1 ! "n ( ! %ip t be>s 8 all c nev] be he>d or se5 b x excites "s emotion4 ,a /orm1 t be=e w\ld g unnotic$1 awak5s fe>2 ! prices 9 ! comm]cial m>kets1 be=e unhe$$1 n[ awak5 fe> or af=d pleasure4 ,& ?us multitudes ( v>i$ desires & emotions are call$ into exi/5ce by ?is "o g5]ic volition4 ,"o result ( a purpose to d5y an importunate prop5sity is frequ5tly se5 9 ! imm$iate or gradual dim9ution ( t desire4 ,= example1 if a p]son is satisfi$ t a c]ta9 article ( food is injuri\s1 & resolves on total ab/95ce1 x w be f\nd t ! desire = x is v mu* r$uc$1 f> m s ?an :5 ! ef=t is to dim9i% ! indulg5ce4 ,:5 a g5]ic purpose is =m$ t involves great int]e/s1 x is impossible to prev5t ! desires & emotions f runn+ consonant ) ?is purpose4 ,! only mode ( *ang+ ?is curr5t is to give up ?is g5]ic purpose & =m ano!r4 ,?us1 if a man has devot$ 8 :ole "t & en]gies to money-mak+1 x is impossible = him to prev5t 8 ?\ghts & feel+s f runn+ 9 t direction4 ,he mu/ give up ?is z 8 *ief end1 & take a nobl] object1 if he w\ld elevate ! :ole c\rse ( 8 m5tal action4 ,^! are ! pr9cipal ph5om5a ( ! gr& m5tal faculty :i* is ! controll+ p[] ( ! m9d1 & on ! regulation ( :i* all its o!r p[]s are dep5d5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,fai? ,,or ,,belief4 ,we h %[n t a belief 9 ! reality ( ! exi/5ce1 bo? ( m9d & ( matt]1 z causes1 is "o ( ! implant$ pr9ciples ( m9d4 ,"s philosoph]s h claim$ t !re is no?+ 9 exi/5ce b m9d1 & t all t is call$ matt] is simply ideas ( ?+s 9 ! m9d itself1 = :i* !re is no correspond+ reality4 ,o!rs h claim$ j ! opposite3 t !re is no su* exi/5ce z an immat]ial _s1 b t s\l is ! bra91 or "s o!r v f9e organization ( matt]4 ,9 bo? cases1 ! assumptions n only h no evid5ce to su/a9 !m1 b are contr>y to ! common s5se or reason ( all mank9d1 & nev] c be really believ$4 ,:5 p]ceptions are call$ into exi/5ce by ! ag5cy ( ! s5ses1 we c n help believ+ t ?+s are z !y appe> to u1 unless we h "s evid5ce ( deception ei!r f disord]$ s5sation or "s o!r cause4 ,b 9 reg>d to our conceptions we h two classes4 ,"o class is att5d$ ) ! belief t !y correspond ) realities1 or ! ?+s !y repres5t4 ,! o!r class is n att5d$ ) ?is belief4 ,= example1 we c conceive ( a h\se ( a color1 =m1 & details su* z we nev] saw1 & ?is conception is n att5d$ ) any belief ( ! reality ( su* an exi/5ce2 b :5 we conceive ( ! home ( our *ildhood1 ?is conception is att5d$ ) a belief ( ! reality ( ! ?+ conceiv$4 ,?is illu/ration furni%es ! means ( def9+ tru? z ! reality ( ?+s4 ,we conceive ! tru? :5 our conceptions repres5t correctly ! reality ( ?+s1 & we believe ! tru? :5 we feel ?is correspond5ce to exi/4 ,we believe falsehood :5 we h a conception att5d$ by a feel+ t x repres5ts ! reality ( ?+s :5 x does n4 ,all our com=t1 success1 & happ9ess dep5d ^u believ+ ! tru?2 = j s f> z our belief or fai? v>ies f ! reality ( ?+s1 we %all meet ) mi/akes1 disappo9tm5t1 & sorr[4 ,our b5efic5t ,creator has s =m$ our m9ds & our bodies t1 9 _! natural1 heal?y /ate1 our p]ceptions correspond ) ! reality ( ?+s uni=mly1 :ile1 z be=e /at$1 our belief or fai? also ?us corresponds4 ,x is v r>ely ! case t disease or o!r causes prev5t ?is uni=m correct p]ception & belief 9 reg>d to all ?+s t come )9 ! rea* ( our own s5ses4 ,x is only 9 reg>d to t k t we ga9 f ! exp]i5ce & te/imony ( o!rs1 or f ! process ( reason+1 t we become liable to a false belief4 ,m5 (t5 imp>t _! conceptions ( ?+s to u1 & we f9d t !y d n correspond ) realities4 ,we also1 by a process ( reason+1 (t5 come to conceptions ( ?+s1 & a belief 9 !m1 :i* we f9d to be false4 ,evid5ce may be def9$ z all ^? causes :i* t5d to produce correct ideas ( tru? or ! reality ( ?+s4 ,inasmu* z we f9d by exp]i5ce t human te/imony & ! process ( reason+ d n uni=mly conduct u to "r conceptions ( realities1 we f9d t !re are diff]5t degrees ( belief accord+ to ! nature ( ! evid5ce pres5t$4 ,! highe/ k9d ( evid5ce is intuitive k1 :i* is a uni=m result ( ! con/itution ( m9d & its inevitable circum/ances4 ,?is is call$ intuitive k or intuitive belief4 ,all o!r evid5ce is ga9$ by exp]i5ce or by reason+4 ,! exp]i5ce ( o!r m9ds we ga9 by te/imony4 ,?is is call$ ! evid5ce ( te/imony4 ,belief diff]s 9 degrees accord+ to ! nature & am\nt ( evid5ce p]ceiv$4 ,! highe/ k9d ( evid5ce produces :at is call$ c]ta9ty4 ,x is ! k9d :i* is felt 9 ref]5ce to ! intuitive tru?s4 ,!re are all degrees ( fai?1 f ! highe/ c]ta9ty to entire incr$ulity or unbelief4 ,?is fact lays ! f\ndation = a di/9ction 9 practical matt]s :i* x is v important to recognize4 ,x is (t5 ! case t !re is an am\nt ( evid5ce t produces a conviction :i* re/s 9 ! m9d1 b does n produce its appropriate practical result4 ,= example1 a man 9 feeble heal? has read en\gh on ! subject to be conv9c$ t a daily ba? 9 cool wat] w\ld t5d to re/ore /r5g?1 & yet ! belief does n secure ! practice4 ,b on a review ( ! books :i* produc$ ! conviction1 or on he>+ "s lectur] on heal?1 ! conviction becomes m p[]ful1 & leads to a correspond+ practice4 ,n[1 9 ref]5ce to ! fact t !re are multitudes ( convictions :i* are inop]ative1 :i*1 if vividly realiz$1 w\ld become pr9ciples ( action1 !re is a di/9ction made1 9 common p>lance1 betwe5 a dead or ideal fai?1 & a liv+ or practical fai?4 ,/ill m is ?is di/9ction recogniz$ 9 matt]s ( religion1 z w be h]eaft] %[n4 ,! "q :e!r fai? or belief is "u ! control ( ! w1 or :e!r x is necess>y & inevitable1 is "o ( v great importance bo? 9 reg>d to our happ9ess & our obligations4 ,if belief is n "u ! control ( ! w1 x mu/ be because ei!r ! m9d has n ! p[] ( direct+ its att5tion to evid5ce1 or because x is s made t1 :5 x p]ceives ! tru?1 x c n di/+ui% x f falsehood4 ,9 reg>d to ! fir/ alt]native1 ! control :i* ! m9d has ov] its own tra9 ( ?\ght has be5 def9itely po9t$ out & describ$ 9 ! articles on att5tion & on ! w4 ,x appe>s t ! w is ! regulat+ pr9ciple1 :i* gov]ns all m5tal op]ations by select+ ! modes ( happ9ess :i* ! intellect %all be employ$ 9 secur+4 ,:atev] mode ( pres5t or ( g5]al happ9ess is select$1 imm$iately all conceptions :i* ! judgm5t disc]ns z hav+ a fitness = accompli%+ ?is object become vivid & di/9ct1 & recall _! associate conceptions4 ,?us x is ! *oice ( any mode ( enjoym5t by ! w :i* det]m9es ! tra9 ( ?\ght4 ,:51 !re=e1 any "q is br\ght up :i* dem&s att5tion to evid5ce1 if ! m9d has "s desire to gratify1 & ! intellect disc]ns t ! conviction ( ?is tru? w int]f]e ) ?is *os5 plan ( happ9ess1 ! w refuses att5tion to :at is n 9 consonance ) ! lead+ desire ( ! m9d4 ,:]e conviction ( any tru? is =ese5 to int]f]e ) "s plan ( enjoym5t already *os51 ! only way by :i* att5tion c be secur$ is by exhibit+ "s evil t w foll[ inatt5tion :i* w m ?an c\nt]balance ! good to be ga9$4 ,9 ?is case1 ! m9d may *oose to att5d1 & run ! haz>d ( los+ ! p>ticul> mode ( enjoym5t s\ght 9 ord] to avoid ! ?reat5$ evil f inatt5tion to evid5ce4 ,?is is ! me?od m5 pursue 9 all _! int]c\rse ) ea* o!r4 ,!y f9d t _! fell[-m5 are unwill+ to believe :at is contr>y to _! own wi%es & plans4 ,b :5 !y det]m9e t belief %all be secur$1 !y contrive v>i\s modes to make x appe> ei!r = _! pleasure or _! int]e/ to att5d to evid5ce1 or else !y exhibit "s evil z ! consequ5ce ( neglect+ att5tion4 ,! only mode by :i* mank9d are induc$ to give _! ?\ghts to ! conc]ns ( an invisible _w is by awak5+ _! hopes ( future good to be secur$1 or by /imulat+ _! fe>s ( future evils4 ,x ?us appe>s1 f ! laws & op]ations ( ! m9d ( :i* e p]son is consci\s1 & also f ! conduct & record$ exp]i5ce ( mank9d1 t ! m9d has ! p[] ( direct+ its att5tion to evid5ce4 ,! o!r alt]native :i* w\ld e/abli% ! pr9ciple t belief is n "u ! control ( ! w is1 t tru?1 :5 se5 by ! m9d1 c n be di/+ui%$ f falsehood4 ,b ?is1 x c be se51 involves a d5ial ( ! pr9ciples ( reason & common s5se4 ,x is say+ t ! m9d may h ! evid5ce ( ! s5ses1 memory1 & all ! o!r pr9ciples includ$ 9 ! laws ( reason1 & yet n believe x2 = e process ( reason+ is1 9 fact1 exhibit+ evid5ce ei!r ( ! s5ses1 memory1 or exp]i5ce1 t a c]ta9 tru? is includ$ "u a prim>y tru?4 ,! only position :i* c be assum$ )\t d5y+ ! pr9ciples ( reason & common s5se is1 t belief1 accord+ to ! laws ( m9d1 is exactly accord+ to ! am\nt ( evid5ce to :i* ! m9d gives its att5tion4 ,9 ord] to belief1 !n1 two ?+s are necess>y1 viz41 evid5ce1 & ! *oice ( ! m9d to att5d to ?is evid5ce4 ,:5 bo? ( ^! are atta9$1 ! belief ( tru? & ! rejection ( falsehood are inevitable4 ,! influ5ce :i* ! w & desires h ^u our belief acc\nts = ! great v>iety ( op9ions among mank9d on almo/ e subject ( duty & ( happ9ess4 ,!re are two ways 9 :i* ! desires & wi%es regulate belief4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 by prev5t+ att5tion to ! subject :i* w\ld lead to ! belief ( tru?s t are inconsi/5t ) ! lead+ desires ( ! m9d4 ,?is1 9 a great measure1 w acc\nt = ! great v>iety ( religi\s belief4 ,religion is a subject :i* is felt to be inconsi/5t ) ! lead+ desires ( mo/ p]sons :o are int]e/$ 9 ! pursuit ( o!r enjoym5ts ?an ^? result+ f ob$i5ce to ,god 9 ! dis*>ge ( ! duties ( b5evol5ce & piety4 ,x is a subject1 !re=e1 :i* receives s little exam9ation t op9ions 9 reg>d to x are adopt$ ) trifl+ att5tion4 ,! second cause ( v>iety ( belief is ! effect :i* desire has 9 mak+ vivid ^? conceptions :i* mo/ agree ) ! lead+ purpose ( ! m9d4 ,:5 ! m9d decides to exam9e ! evid5ce on any subject1 if ! decision involves que/ions :i* h a be>+ on "s favorite purpose1 all ^? argum5ts :i* are mo/ consonant ) ! desires appe> vivid & cle>1 & ^? :i* are contr>y to ! wi%es are fa9t] & less reg>d$4 ,?is is a fact :i* univ]sal exp]i5ce demon/rates4 ,m5 always fa/5 on evid5ce :i* favors _! own wi%es1 & b fa9tly conceive ! evid5ce :i* is oppos$4 ,?is is a cause :i* op]ates mo/ p[]fully 9 reg>d to religi\s tru?s :5ev] !y int]f]e ) ! lead+ desires4 ,?is view ( ! subject exhibits ! importance ( hav+ ! m9d direct$ to prop] objects2 = if ! m9d is e>ne/ly engag$ 9 ! pursuit ( duty1 x w be pleas$ ) e developm5t ( tru?1 = tru? & duty are nev] f\nd to int]f]e4 ,tru? is ano!r "n = ?+s z !y are1 & x is always ! duty & happ9ess ( man to regulate 8 conduct by see+ ?+s z !y are1 r ?an by see+ !m 9 false relations4 ,t man is be/ prep>$ to discov] tru? :o is mo/ s9c]ely desir\s to obta9 x1 & to regulate 8 feel+s1 words1 & conduct by its dictates4 ,!re is no?+ m obvi\s1 f exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 ?an t m5 feel _! ability to control _! belief1 & realize bo? _! own obligations & ^? ( _! fell[-m5 on ?is subject4 ,!y "k t e man mu/ act accord+ to 8 belief ( "r & wrong1 & ?us t ! fulfillm5t ( e duty dep5ds ^u ! nature ( our belief4 ,& ! m important are ! int]e/s involv$ 9 any "q1 ! m m5 p]ceive _! obligations to seek = evid5ce1 & obta9 ! k necess>y to enable !m to judge correctly4 ,! e/imation ( guilt among mank9d1 9 ref]5ce to wrong belief1 is always proportion$ to ! int]e/s involv$ & ! opportunities = obta9+ k4 ,9 ! m9ute affairs ( life1 :]e b little evil is done f false judgm5ts1 b little blame is atta*$ to a man = believ+ wrong4 ,nei!r is a man sev]ely judg$ if ! necess>y k 0 inaccessible or v difficult to be obta9$4 ,b :]e a man has great int]e/s committ$ to 8 keep+1 & has suffici5t opportunity = obta9+ evid5ce ( tru?1 ! sev]e/ condemnation awaits him :o1 ?r\gh inatt5tion or prejudice1 haz>ds va/ int]e/s by an incorrect belief4 ,if an ag5t has ! *>ge ( great inve/m5ts1 & ?r\gh neglig5ce1 or indol5ce1 or prejudice ru9s 8 employ]1 8 s9c]e belief is no protection f sev]e condemnation4 ,if ! physician has ! heal? & life ( a valu$ memb] ( ! community & ! object ( _m affections intru/$ to 8 skill1 & f neglig5ce & inatt5tion de/roys ! life he 0 appo9t$ to save1 8 s9c]e belief is b a small palliation ( 8 guilt4 ,if a judge has ! =tune & life ( 8 fell[-citiz5s intru/$ to 8 judicial k & integrity1 &1 ?r\gh want ( c>e & att5tion1 is guilty ( flagrant inju/ice & evil1 ! plea ( wrong belief w n protect him f ! impea*m5t & j indignation :i* await su* del9qu5cies4 ,!re is no po9t :]e m5 are m t5aci\s ( ! obligations ( _! fell[-creatures ?an on ! subject ( belief4 ,if !y f9d !mselves calumniat$1 unju/ly dealt )1 & treat$ ) contempt & scorn f prejudice or want ( att5tion1 ! reality ( belief is little palliation ( ! guilt ( ^? :o ?us r5d] !m inju/ice4 ,!y feel ! obligations ( _! fell[-m5 to "k ! tru? 9 all t relates to _! int]e/s1 honor1 & good "n2 & (t5 !re is sc>cely any ?+ :i* x is s difficult to =give z ! simple crime ( wrong belief4 ,! only modes by :i* m5 attempt to ju/ify !mselves = guilt ( ?is nature are to %[ ei!r t ! matt] 0 ( small consequ5ce1 or t ! means ( le>n+ its importance & ( obta9+ ! o!r necess>y in=mation 0 n )9 rea*4 ,x may be laid d[n1 !n1 z a long-e/abli%$ axiom 9 reg>d to ?is subject1 t m5 e/imate ! guilt ( wrong belief 9 all matt]s relat+ to ! welf>e ( mank9d 9 exact proportion to ! value ( ! int]e/s involv$1 & to ! opportunities enjoy$ = obta9+ in=mation4 ,inasmu* z all our success & happ9ess dep5ds ^u our belief ( ! tru?1 we h two ( ! pr9ciples ( reason & common s5se to guide u4 ,! fir/ is1 t we are to consid] t to be "r :i* has ! balance ( evid5ce 9 its favor2 & ! second is1 t no?+ is to be assum$ z true unless !re is "s evid5ce t x is s4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,con/itutional ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,m9d4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt]s h be5 pres5t$ ! mo/ important m5tal faculties :i* are common to ! race4 ,!re are none ( ! p[]s & attributes ( ! m9d z yet set =? :i* d n belong to e m9d :i* is reg>d$ z rational & complete4 ,b1 ?\gh all ! race h ^! 9 common1 yet we c n b obs]ve an almo/ endless v>iety ( human "*1 result+ f ! div]se proportions & comb9ations ( ^! sev]al faculties4 ,^! con/itutional diff]5ces may be notic$1 fir/1 9 reg>d to ! intellectual p[]s4 ,"s m9ds are naturally pr$ispos$ to ex]cise ! reason+ p[]s4 ,o!rs1 ) precisely ! same k9d ( culture1 h little reli% = ?is1 & little p[] ( appreciat+ an argum5t4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! imag9ation seems to be ! pr$om9at+ faculty4 ,9 o!r m9ds !re seems to be an equal balance ( faculties1 s t no p>ticul> p[] pr$om9ates4 ,next we see ! same v>iety 9 ref]5ce to ! susceptibilities4 ,9 "s m9ds1 ! desire = love & admiration is ! pr$om9at+ pr9ciple4 ,9 o!rs1 ! love ( p[] takes ! lead4 ,"s are em95tly sympa?iz+4 ,o!rs h a /rong love ( rectitude1 or natural consci5ce4 ,9 "s1 ! pr9ciple ( ju/ice pr$om9ates4 ,9 o!rs1 b5evol5ce is ! lead+ impulse4 ,f9ally1 9 reg>d to ! p[] ( volition1 z has be5 be=e indicat$1 !re are "s t possess a /rong w t is decisive & effective 9 regulat+ all specific volitions1 :ile o!rs possess v>i\s & humbl] measures ( ?is p[]4 ,accord+ to ! sci5ce ( ,phr5ology1 "s ( ^! peculi>ities ( m9d are indicat$ by ! size & %ape ( diff]5t portions ( ! bra91 & ext]nally indicat$ on ! skull4 ,t ^! diff]5ces are con/itutional1 & n ! result ( education1 is cle> f ! _m facts %[+ t no degree ( c>e or tra9+ w s]ve to efface ^! di/9ctive traits ( ! m9d4 ,to a c]ta9 degree !y may be modifi$ by education1 & ! equal balance ( ! faculties be promot$1 b nev] to su* a degree z to efface v m>k$ peculi>ities4 ,9 addition to ! endless div]sities t result f ^! v>i$ proportions & comb9ations1 !re is a manife/ v>iety 9 ! grades ( m9d4 ,"s races are mu* l[] 9 ! scale ( be+ e way ?an o!rs1 :ile ! same disp>ity exi/s 9 individuals ( ! same race4 ,! wisdom & b5evol5ce ( ?is arrangem5t is v manife/ :5 view$ 9 ref]5ce to ! int]e/s ( a commonweal?4 ,:]e "s mu/ lead & o!rs foll[1 x is well t "s h ! love ( p[] /rong1 & o!rs h x less4 ,:]e "s mu/ be rul]s1 to inflict p5alties z well z to apportion rew>ds1 x is well t !re be "s :o h ! s5se ( ju/ice a lead+ pr9ciple4 ,& s 9 ! developm5ts ( intellect4 ,"s m5 are to foll[ call+s :]e ! reason+ p[]s are mo/ ne$$4 ,o!rs are to adopt pursuits 9 :i* ta/e & imag9ation are *iefly requir$2 & ?us ! v>i$ proportions ( ^! faculties become s]viceable4 ,& if x be true t ! ex]cise ( ! social & moral faculties secures ! highe/ degrees ( enjoym5t1 ^? disp>ities 9 m5tal p[]s :i* give ex]cise to ! virtues ( compassion1 self-d5ial1 =titude1 & b5evol5ce 9 s]v+ ! weak1 & ! correspond+ ex]cises ( gratitude1 rev]5ce1 humility1 & devotion 9 ^? :o are ?us b5efit$1 !n we c see ! wisdom & b5evol5ce ( ?is gradation ( m5tal capacity4 ,moreov]1 9 a commonweal? p]fectly organiz$1 :]e ! happ9ess ( ! :ole becomes t ( ea* "p1 :atev] t5ds to ! highe/ g5]al good t5ds to ! be/ int]e/ ( ea* individual memb]4 ,?is be+ s1 ! l[e/ & humble/ 9 ! scale ( be+1 9 8 appropriate place1 is happi] ?an he c\ld be by any o!r arrangem5t1 & happi] ?an he c\ld be if all 7 equally end[$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,habit4 ,habit is a facility 9 p]=m+ physical or m5tal op]ations1 ga9$ by ! repetition ( su* acts4 ,z examples ( ?is 9 physical op]ations may be m5tion$ ! p[] ( walk+1 :i* is acquir$ only by a multitude ( exp]im5ts2 ! p[] ( spee*1 secur$ by a sl[ process ( repeat$ acts ( imitation2 & ! p[] ( writ+1 ga9$ 9 ! same way4 ,success 9 e pursuit ( life is atta9$ by (t-repeat$ attempts1 :i* f9ally induce a habit4 ,z examples ( ! =mation ( intellectual habits may be m5tion$ ! facility ga9$ 9 acquir+ k by means ( repeat$ ef=ts1 & ! accuracy & spe$ ) :i* ! process ( reason+ is p]=m$ aft] long practice 9 ?is art4 ,z examples ( moral habits may be m5tion$ ^? :i* are =m$ by ! (t-repeat$ ex]cise ( self-gov]nm5t1 ju/ice1 v]acity1 ob$i5ce1 & indu/ry4 ,! w1 z has be5 %[n1 ga9s a facility 9 controll+ specific volitions & 9 yield+ ob$i5ce to ! laws ( "r action by con/ant use1 z mu* z all ! o!r m5tal p[]s4 ,! happ9ess ( man 9 ! pres5t /ate ( exi/5ce dep5ds n s mu* ^u ! circum/ances 9 :i* he is plac$1 or ! capacities ) :i* he is end[$1 z ^u ! =mation ( 8 habits4 ,a man might h ! organ ( sight1 & be surr\nd$ ) all ! beauties ( nature1 & yet1 if he did n =m ! habit ( judg+ ( ! =m1 di/ance1 & size ( bodies1 mo/ ( ! pleasure & use f ?is s5se w\ld be want+4 ,! _w & all its beauties w\ld be a m]e confus$ mass ( colors4 ,if ! habits ( walk+ & ( spee* 7 n acquir$1 ^! faculties & ! circum/ances = employ+ !m w\ld n furni% ! enjoym5t !y 7 design$ to secure4 ,x is ! =mation ( intellectual habits by m5tal discipl9e & /udy1 also1 :i* op5s va/ res\rces = enjoym5t t o!rwise w\ld be =ev] clos$4 ,& x is by practic+ ob$i5ce to p>5ts t moral habits ( subord9ation are =m$1 :i* are indisp5sable to our happ9ess z citiz5s1 & z subjects ( ! div9e gov]nm5t4 ,!re is no enjoym5t :i* c be po9t$ out :i* is n1 to a great] or less ext5t1 dep5d5t ^u ?is pr9ciple4 ,! influ5ce ( habit 9 reg>d to ! law ( sacrifice is especially int]e/+4 ,! exp]i5ce ( multitudes ( our race %[s t su* ta/es & habits may be =m$ 9 obey+ ?is law1 t :at 0 once difficult & pa9ful becomes easy & pleasant4 ,b ?is ability to secure enjoym5t ?r\gh habits ( self-control & self-d5ial1 induc$ by long practice1 s f> z exp]i5ce %[s1 c\ld nev] be secur$ by any o!r me?od4 ,t ! highe/ k9ds ( happ9ess are to be pur*as$ by m or less volunt>y sacrifice & suff]+ to procure good = o!rs seems to be a "p ( t nature ( ?+s :i* we at lea/ may suppose has exi/$ f et]nity4 ,we c conceive ( ! et]nal ,fir/ ,cause only z we imag9e a m9d on ! same patt]n z our own 9 con/itutional capacities1 b indef9itely enl>g$ 9 ext5t & action4 ,k1 wisdom1 p[]1 ju/ice1 b5evol5ce1 & rectitude mu/ be ! same 9 ! ,creator z 9 ourselves1 at lea/ s f> z we c conceive2 &1 z ! practice ( self-sacrifice & suff]+ = ! good ( o!rs is our highe/ conception ( virtue1 x is impossible to reg>d ! ,et]nal ,m9d z all-p]fect )\t involv+ ?is idea4 ,! =mation ( ! habits dep5ds *iefly ^u ! lead+ desire or gov]n+ purpose1 because :atev] ! m9d desires ! mo/ x w act ! mo/ to secure1 & ?us by repeat$ acts w =m its habits4 ,! "* ( e individual1 !re=e1 z be=e indicat$1 dep5ds ^u ! mode ( seek+ happ9ess select$ by ! w4 ,?us ! ambiti\s man has select$ ! atta9m5t ( p[] & admiration z 8 lead+ purpose1 & :atev] modes ( enjoym5t int]f]e ) ?is are sacrific$4 ,! s5sual man seeks 8 happ9ess f ! v>i\s gratifications ( s5se1 & sacrifices o!r modes ( enjoym5t t int]f]e ) ?is4 ,! man devot$ to intellectual pursuits1 & to seek+ reputation & influ5ce ?r\gh ?is m$ium1 sacrifices o!r modes ( enjoym5t to secure ?is gratification4 ,! man :o has devot$ 8 affections & ! s]vice ( 8 life to ,god & ! good ( 8 fell[-m5 sacrifices all o!r enjoym5ts to secure t :i* results f ! fulfillm5t ( su* obligations4 ,?us a p]son is an ambiti\s man1 a s5sual man1 a man ( lit]>y ambition1 or a man ( piety & b5evol5ce1 accord+ to ! gov]n+ purpose or lead+ desire ( ! m9d4 ,!re is "o fact 9 reg>d to ! *oice ( ! lead+ object ( desire1 or ! gov]n+ purpose ( life1 :i* is v important4 ,c]ta9 modes ( enjoym5t1 9 consequ5ce ( repetition1 increase ! desire1 b less5 ! capacity ( happ9ess f ?is s\rce2 :ile1 9 reg>d to o!rs1 gratification increases ! desire1 & at ! same "t increases ! capacity = enjoym5t4 ,! enjoym5ts ?r\gh ! s5ses are ( ! fir/ k9d4 ,x w be f\nd1 z a matt] ( univ]sal exp]i5ce1 t :]e ?is has be5 *os5 z ! ma9 purpose ( life1 ?\gh ! desire = su* pleasures is cont9ually increas$1 yet1 ow+ to ! physical effects ( excessive indulg5ce1 ! capacity = enjoym5t is decreas$4 ,?us ! man :o s degrades 8 nature z to make ! pleasures ( eat+ & dr9k+ ! great pursuit ( life1 :ile 8 desires nev] abate1 f9ds 8 ze/ = su* enjoym5ts cont9ually decreas+1 & a p]petual ne$ = new devices to /imulate appetite & awak5 ! dormant capacities4 ,! pleasures ( s5se always pall f repetition--gr[ /ale1 flat1 & unpr(itable1 ?\gh ! delud$ be+ :o has slavi%ly yield$ to su* appetites feels himself b\nd by *a9s ( habit1 :i*1 ev5 :5 enjoym5t ceases1 seldom are brok54 ,! pleasures d]iv$ f ! ex]cise ( p[]1 :5 its atta9m5t becomes ! ma/] passion1 are also ( ?is description4 ,! /atesman1 ! politician1 ! conqu]or1 are all seek+ = ?is1 & desire nev] abates :ile any ?+ ( ! k9d rema9s to be atta9$4 ,we d n f9d t enjoym5t increases 9 proportion z p[] is secur$4 ,on ! contr>y1 x seems to cloy 9 possession4 ,alex&]1 ! conqu]or ( ! _w1 :5 he _h ga9$ all1 wept t objects ( desire 7 ext9ct1 & t possession c\ld n satisfy4 ,b !re are o!r s\rces ( happ9ess1 :i*1 :ile s\ght1 ! desire ev] cont9ues1 & possession only increases ! capacity = enjoym5t4 ,( ?is class is ! susceptibility ( happ9ess f giv+ & receiv+ affection4 ,"h1 ! m is giv5 & receiv$1 ! m is ! p[] ( giv+ & receiv+ increas$4 ,we f9d t ?is pr9ciple outlives e o!r1 & ev5 ! decays ( nature itself4 ,:5 tott]+ age on ! bord]s ( ! grave is j ready to resign its wa/$ t5em5t1 (t5 f its dissolv+ a%es ! nev]-dy+ sp>k ( affection has bur/ =? ) new & undim9i%$ lu/re4 ,?is is t immortal f\nta9 ( happ9ess always increas$ by imp>t+1 nev] sur*>g$ by receiv+4 ,ano!r pr9ciple :i* increases bo? desire & capacity by ex]cise is ! p[] ( enjoym5t f be+ ! cause ( happ9ess to o!rs4 ,nev] 0 an in/ance kn[n ( regret = devotion to ! happ9ess ( o!rs4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! m ?is holy & delightful pr9ciple is 9 ex]cise1 ! m ! desires are increas$1 & ! m are ! susceptibilities = enjoym5t f ?is s\rce enl>g$4 ,:ile ! vot>ies ( pleasure are we>+ d[n ) ! exhau/ion ( abus$ nature1 & ! vot>ies ( ambition are sigh+ ov] its ?orny wrea?1 ! b5evol5t _s is exult+ 9 ! success ( its plans ( good1 & rea*+ =? to /ill pur] & m accompli%$ bliss4 ,?is pr9ciple is especially true 9 reg>d to ! practice ( rectitude4 ,! m ! lead+ aim ( ! m9d is devot$ to "r feel+ & action1 or to ob$i5ce to all ! laws ( ,god1 ! m bo? ! desire & ! capacity ( enjoym5t f ?is s\rce are increas$4 ,b !re is ano!r fact 9 reg>d to habit :i* has an imm5se be>+ on ! well-be+ ( our race4 ,:5 a habit ( seek+ happ9ess 9 "s "o p>ticul> mode is once =m$1 ! *ange ( ?is habit becomes difficult j 9 proportion to ! degree ( repetition :i* has be5 practic$4 ,a habit once =m$1 x is no long] an easy matt] to *oose betwe5 ! mode ( secur+ happ9ess *os5 & ano!r :i* ! m9d may be l$ to reg>d z mu* sup]ior4 ,?us1 9 gratify+ ! appetite1 a man may feel t 8 happ9ess is cont9ually dim9i%+1 & t1 by sacrific+ ?is passion1 he may secure mu* great] enjoym5t f ano!r s\rce2 yet ! =ce ( habit is su* t decisions ( ! w p]petually yield to its p[]4 ,?us1 also1 if a man has f\nd 8 *ief enjoym5t 9 t admiration & applause ( m5 s ard5tly desir$1 ev5 aft] x has ceas$ to *>m1 & seems l empt9ess & vanity1 /ill1 :5 nobl] objects ( pursuit are (f]$1 ! *a9s ( habit b9d him to 8 wont$ pa?4 ,?\gh he looks & longs = ! "o t 8 consci5ce & 8 intellect assure him is brighte/ & be/1 ! conflict ) bad habit ends 9 fatal defeat & ru94 ,x is true t e habit c be correct$ & *ang$1 b no?+ requires great] firmness ( purpose & en]gy ( w2 = x is n "o resolution ( m9d t c conqu] habit3 x mu/ be a con/ant s]ies ( long-cont9u$ ef=ts4 ,! influ5ce ( habit 9 ref]5ce to emotions des]ves special att5tion z hav+ a direct influ5ce ^u "* & happ9ess4 ,all pleasurable emotions ( m9d1 be+ grateful1 are indulg$ & *]i%$1 & are n weak5$ by repetition unless !y become excessive4 ,if ! pleasures ( s5se are indulg$ beyond a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! bodily sy/em is exhau/$1 & satiety is ! consequ5ce4 ,if ! love ( p[] & admiration is indulg$ to excess1 s z to become ! lead+ purpose ( life1 !y are f\nd to be cloy+4 ,b )9 c]ta9 limits all pleasurable emotions d n seem to less5 9 p[] by repetition4 ,b 9 reg>d to pa9ful emotions ! rev]se is true4 ,! m9d in/9ctively resi/s or flies f !m1 s t aft] a habit ( suppress+ su* emotions is =m$1 until ! susceptibility dim9i%es1 & sometimes appe>s almo/ entirely de/roy$4 ,?us a p]son (t5 expos$ to dang] ceases to be tr\bl$ by fe>1 because he =ms a habit ( suppress+ x4 ,a p]son frequ5tly 9 sc5es ( di/ress & suff]+ le>ns to suppress ! emotions ( pa9ful sympa?y4 ,! surgeon is an example ( ! la/ case1 :]e1 by repeat$ op]ations1 he has le>n$ to suppress emotions until !y seldom recur4 ,a p]son inur$ to guilt gradually dead5s ! pangs ( remorse1 until ! consci5ce becomes se>$ z ) a hot iron4 ,?us1 also1 ) ! emotion ( %ame4 ,aft] a p]son has be5 repeat$ly expos$ to contempt1 & feels t he is univ]sally despis$1 he gr[s call\s to any su* emotions4 ,! mode by :i* ! m9d succe$s 9 =m+ su* a habit seems to be by t implant$ pr9ciple :i* makes ideas t are mo/ 9 consonance ) ! lead+ desire ( ! m9d become vivid & di/9ct1 :ile ^? t are less int]e/+ fade away4 ,n[ no p]son desires to witness pa9 except f ! hope ( reliev+ x1 unless x be t1 9 ang]1 ! m9d is sometimes gratifi$ ) ! infliction ( suff]+4 ,b1 9 ord9>y cases1 ! sight ( suff]+ is avoid$ except :]e relief c be adm9i/]$4 ,9 su* cases1 ! desire ( adm9i/]+ relief becomes ! lead+ "o1 s t ! m9d is turn$ (f f ! view ( ! suff]+ to dwell on conceptions ( modes ( relief4 ,?us ! surgeon & physician gradually =m su* habits t ! sight ( pa9 & suff]+ lead ! m9d to conception ( modes ( relief1 :]eas a m9d n ?us int]e/$ dwells on ! m pa9ful ideas4 ,! m9d1 also1 c =m a habit ( inatt5tion to our own bodily suff]+s by becom+ int]e/$ 9 o!r ?+s1 & ?us pa9ful s5sations g unnotic$4 ,"s p]sons w g = ye>s ) a *ronic heada*e1 & yet appe> to enjoy ne>ly z mu* z ^? :o nev] suff] f su* a cause4 ,aga93 ^? :o violate consci5ce seem to relieve !mselves f suff]+ by =m+ a habit ( dwell+ on o!r !mes1 & ( turn+ ! m9d entirely f ^? obligations :i*1 :5 contemplat$1 w\ld upbraid & pa9 !m4 ,?us1 too1 ! s5se ( %ame is lo/4 ,a habit is =m$ ( lead+ ! m9d f :atev] pa9s x to dwell on m pleasurable contemplations4 ,! habits ( life are all =m$ ei!r f ! desire to secure happ9ess or to avoid pa91 & ! fe> ( suff]+ is f\nd to be a mu* m p[]ful pr9ciple ?an ! desire ( happ9ess4 ,! s\l flies f pa9 ) all its en]gies1 ev5 :5 x w be in]t at ! sight ( promis$ joy4 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is1 let a p]son be fully conv9c$ t ! gift ( two new s5ses w\ld conf] z great an additional am\nt ( enjoym5t z is n[ secur$ by ! eye & e>1 & ! promise ( ?is future good w\ld n /imulate ) half ! en]gy t w\ld be caus$ by ! ?reat ( in/ant & entire bl9dness & deafness4 ,if1 !n1 ! m9d is /imulat$ to =m good habits & to avoid ! =mation ( evil ones mo/ p[]fully by pa9ful emotions1 :5 _! legitimate object is n effect$ !y cont9ually decrease 9 vividness1 & ! design$ b5efit is lo/4 ,if a man is plac$ 9 circum/ances ( dang]1 & fe> leads to habits ( caution & c>efulness1 ! object ( excit+ ?is emotion is accompli%$1 & ! dim9ution ( x is att5d$ ) no evil4 ,b if fe> is cont9ually excit$1 & no su* habits are =m$1 !n ! susceptibility is less5$1 :ile ! good to be secur$ by x is lo/4 ,s1 also1 ) emotions ( sympa?y4 ,if we witness pa9 & suff]+1 & x induces habits ( active devotion to ! good ( ^? :o suff]1 ! dim9ution ( ! susceptibility is a bless+ & no evil4 ,b if we simply indulge emotions1 & d n =m ! habits !y 7 int5d$ to secure1 ! p[] ( sympa?y is weak5$1 & ! design$ b5efit is lo/4 ,?us1 aga91 ) %ame3 if ?is pa9ful emotion does n lead u to =m habits ( honor & rectitude1 x is cont9ually weak5$ by repetition1 & ! object = :i* x 0 be/[$ is n secur$4 ,& s ) remorse3 if ?is emotion is awak5$ )\t lead+ to habits ( b5evol5ce & virtue1 x con/antly decays 9 p[]1 & ! good x w\ld h secur$ is =ev] lo/4 ,x does n appe>1 h[ev]1 t ! p[] ( emotion 9 ! s\l is ?us de/roy$4 ,no?+ is done b to =m habits ( inatt5tion to pa9ful emotions by all[+ ! m9d to be engross$ 9 o!r & m pleasurable subjects4 ,?is appe>s f ! fact t ! mo/ h>d5$ culprits1 :5 br\ght to ! h\r ( dea?1 :]e all plans ( future good cease to *>m ! m5tal eye1 are (t5 ov]:elm$ ) ! mo/ vivid emotions ( sorr[1 %ame1 remorse1 & fe>4 ,& (t51 9 ! c\rse ( life1 !re are seasons :5 ! s\l returns f its pursuit ( delud+ visions to commune ) itself 9 its own secret *amb]s4 ,at su* seasons1 %ame1 remorse1 & fe> take up _! abode 9 _! long-des]t$ dwell+1 & ply _! scorpion :ips till !y are obey$1 & ! c\rse ( honor & virtue is resum$1 or till ! di/ract$ _s aga9 flies abroad = com=t & relief4 ,!re is a great div]sity 9 human "*1 result+ f ! div]se proportions & comb9ations ( ^? p[]s ( m9d :i* ! race h 9 common4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is a v>iety 9 ! scale ( be+1 or relative grade ( ea* m9d4 ,:ile all are alike 9 ! common faculties ( ! human m9d1 "s h e faculty on a mu* l>g] scale ?an o!rs1 :ile "s are ( a v humble grade4 ,! pr9ciple ( habit has v great influ5ce 9 modify+ & *ang+ ^! v>ieties4 ,?us1 by =m+ habits ( intellectual ex]cise1 a m9d ( naturally humble proportions c be elevat$ consid]ably above "o m highly end[$ by natural con/itution4 ,s ! tra9+ ( "s p>ticul> intellectual faculty1 :i* by nature is defici5t1 c br+ x up ne>] to ! level ( o!r p[]s less discipl9$ by ex]cise4 ,9 l mann]1 ! natural susceptibilities c be increas$1 dim9i%$1 or modifi$ by habit4 ,c]ta9 ta/es1 t _h little p[]1 c be s cultivat$ z to ov]top all o!rs4 ,s ( ! moral nature3 x c be s ex]cis$ t a habit w be =m$ :i* w g5]ate a /r5g? & prom95cy t nature did n imp>t4 ,! w itself is also subject to ?is same pr9ciple4 ,a /rong w1 t is tra9$ to yield ob$i5ce to law 9 e>ly life1 acquires an ease & facility 9 do+ x :i* belongs ord9>ily to weak m9ds1 & yet c reta9 all its vigor4 ,& a m9d t is tra9$ to br+ subord9ate volitions into /rict & ready ob$i5ce to a g5]ic purpose1 acquires an ease & facility 9 do+ ?is :i* 0 n a natural end[m5t4 ,?us x appe>s t by ! pr9ciple ( habit e m9d is furni%$ ) ! p[] ( elevat+ itself 9 ! scale ( be+1 & ( modify+ & p]fect+ ! proportions & comb9ations ( its con/itutional p[]s4 ,& sometimes ! result is t !re is no mode ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! effects ( habit & ! natural organization4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important results ( habit is its influ5ce on fai? or belief4 ,^? p]sons :o practice me?ods ( false reason+1 :o turn away f evid5ce & foll[ _! feel+s 9 =m+ op9ions1 ev5tually lose ! p[] ( sure1 confid+ belief4 ,on ! contr>y1 an hone/1 consci5ti\s /ead9ess 9 seek+ ! tru? & 9 yield+ to evid5ce secures ! firme/ & mo/ reliable convictions1 & t peace ( m9d :i* alone results f believ+ ! tru?4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,m9d ,,z ,,pro( ,,( ,,its ,,creator',s ,,designs4 ,we h se5 t ! m9d ( man1 by its v con/itution1 has c]ta9 implant$ tru?s :i* x believes f ! necessity ( its nature1 & t ^! are ! f\ndation ( all acquir$ k1 & ! guide to all tru?4 ,we h se5 t1 indep5d5tly ( a revelation1 we h no o!r s\rces ( k except ^! intuitions1 ! exp]i5ce ( ourselves & o!rs1 & ! d$uctions ( reason+4 ,we h exam9$ z to ! am\nt ( k to be ga9$ f ^! s\rces 9 reg>d to ! nature ( m9d1 ! laws ( ! sy/em ( :i* x is ! ess5tial "p1 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 our prospects aft] dea?1 & ! "* & designs ( our ,creator4 ,9 discuss+ ! la/ topic1 x has be5 assum$ t ! gr& & ultimate design ( ! ,creator is to produce ! greate/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,we h exam9$1 at "s l5g?1 ! *ief faculties & laws ( ! human m9d1 = ! purpose ( exhibit+ _! adaptation to ?is design4 ,we n[ proce$ to a brief review ( ?is portion z a summ+ up ( ! evid5ce su/a9+ ! proposition t ! gr& end ( ! ,creator1 9 =m+ m9d1 is to produce ! greate/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,z prelim9>y1 h[ev]1 we ne$ to ref] to "o pr9ciple4 ,:5ev] we f9d any contrivances all comb9+ to secure a c]ta9 good result1 :i*1 at ! same "t1 involves "s degree ( inevitable evil1 & !n discov] t !re are contrivances to dim9i% & avoid ?is evil1 we prop]ly inf] t ! au?or int5d$ to secure z mu* ( ! good ) z little ( ! evil z possible4 ,= example1 a travel] f9ds a des]t$ m9e1 & all ar\nd he discov]s contrivances = obta9+ gold1 &1 at ! same "t1 o!r contrivances = gett+ rid ( ! e>? mix$ ) x4 ,! inevitable inf]5ce w\ld be t ! au?or ( ^! contrivances design$ to secure z mu* gold ) z little e>? z possible2 & %\ld any "o say t he c\ld h _h m gold & less e>? if he wi%$ x1 ! answ] w\ld be t !re is no evid5ce ( ?is ass]tion1 b direct evid5ce aga9/ x4 ,aga93 %\ld we discov] a piece ( ma*9]y 9 :i* e contrivance t5d$ to secure spe$ 9 movem5t1 produc$ by ! friction ( :eels aga9/ a r\gh surface1 & at ! same "t o!r contrivances 7 f\nd = dim9i%+ all friction t 0 useless1 we %\ld inf] t ! au?or design$ to secure ! greate/ possible spe$ ) ! lea/ possible friction4 ,9 l mann]1 if we c %[ t m9d is a contrivance t acts by ! influ5ce ( fe> ( evil1 & t pa9 seems z indisp5sable to ! action ( a free ag5t z friction is to motion2 if we c %[ t !re is no contrivance 9 m9d or matt] :i* is design$ to secure suff]+ z its prim>y end2 if we c1 on ! contr>y1 %[ t ! direct end ( all ! organizations ( m9d & matt] is to produce happ9ess2 if we c %[ t x is only ! wrong action ( m9d t involves mo/ ( ! pa9 yet kn[n1 s t "r action1 9 its place1 w\ld secure only happ9ess2 if we c %[ contrivances = dim9i%+ pa91 & also contrivances = increas+ happ9ess by means ( ! inevitable pa9 involv$ 9 ! sy/em ( ?+s1 !n ! j conclusion w be ga9$ t ! ,au?or ( ! sy/em ( m9d & matt] design$ to produce ! greate/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil4#c ,9 ! review :i* foll[s1 we %all pres5t evid5ce exhibit+ all ^! p>ticul>s4 ,! only way 9 :i* we le>n ! nature ( a ?+ is to obs]ve its qualities & actions4 ,?is is true ( m9d z mu* z x is ( matt]4 ,exp]i5ce & obs]vation tea* t ! nature ( m9d is su* t ! fe> ( suff]+ is indisp5sable to secure a l>ge portion ( ! enjoym5t )9 rea* ( its faculties1 & t ! highe/ modes ( enjoym5t c n be secur$ except by sacrifice1 & ?us by m or less suff]+4 ,?is appe>s to be an inevitable comb9ation1 z mu* s z friction is inevitable 9 ma*9]y4 ,we h ! evid5ce ( our own consci\sness t x is fe> ( evil to ourselves or to o!rs t is ! /ronge/ motive p[] to ! m9d4 ,if we %\ld f9d t no pa9 result$ f burn+ up our own bodies1 or f dr[n+1 or f any o!r cause2 if e "o p]ceiv$ t no c>e1 tr\ble1 or pa9 result$ f los+ all k9ds ( enjoym5t1 ! ef=t to seek x w\ld be greatly dim9i%$4 ,if we c\ld desire good en\gh to ex]t ourselves to seek x1 & yet %\ld feel no discom=t 9 fail+2 if we c\ld lose e ?+1 & feel no s5se ( pa9 or c>e1 ! /imulus to action :i* exp]i5ce has %[n to be mo/ p[]ful & b5efic5t w\ld be lo/4 ,we f9d t abundance ( ease & prosp]ity en]vates m5tal p[]1 & t m9d increases 9 all t is gr& & noble1 & also 9 ! mo/ elevat+ happ9ess1 by means ( dang]1 c>e1 & pa94 ,we may prop]ly inf]1 !n1 t evil is a necess>y "p ( ! exp]i5ce ( a p]fectly-act+ m9d4 ,s /rong is ! conviction t pa9ful p5alties are indisp5sable1 t ! k9de/ p>5ts & ! mo/ b5evol5t rul]s are ! mo/ sure to increase r ?an dim9i% ^? t are already involv$ 9 ! exi/+ nature ( ?+s4 ,aga93 )\t a revelation we h no k ( any k9d ( m9d b by inf]5ce f our exp]i5ce 9 ?is /ate ( be+4 ,all we "k ( ! ,et]nal ,fir/ ,cause is by a process ( reason+1 inf]r+ t 8 nature mu/ be l ! only m9ds ( :i* we h any k4 ,we assume1 !n1 t he is a free ag5t1 regulat$ by desire = happ9ess & fe> ( evil4 ,we ?us come to ! conclusion t ?is organization ( m9d is a "p ( ! fix$ & et]nal nature ( ?+s1 & does n result f ! w ( ! ,creator4 ,8 own is ! et]nal patt]n ( an all-p]fect m9d1 & our own are =m$ on ?is p]fect model1 ) susceptibilities to pa9 z an indisp5sable motive p[] 9 ga9+ happ9ess4 ,we w n[ recapitulate "s ( ! p>ticul>s 9 ! laws & con/itution ( m9d :i* t5d to e/abli% ! position t its ,creator's gr& design is to produce ! greate/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,intellectual ,p[]s4 ,fir/1 !n1 9 ref]5ce to ! e>lie/ ex]cise ( m9d 9 s5sation4 ,! eye might h be5 s made t light w\ld inflict pa91 & ! e> s t s\nd w\ld cause only discom=t4 ,& s ( all ! o!r s5ses4 ,b ! condition ( a well-=m$1 heal?y infant is a mo/ /rik+ illu/ration ( ! adaptation ( ! s5ses to receive enjoym5t4 ,:o c\ld gaze on ! c\nt5ance ( su* a little "o1 z its v>i\s s5ses are call$ into ex]cise1 )\t su* a conviction8 ,! delight manife/$ z ! light attracts ! eye1 or z pleasant s\nds *>m ! e>1 or z ! limpid n\ri%m5t gratifies its ta/e1 or z g5tle motion & s(t fondl+s soo! ! n]ves ( t\*1 all te/ify to ! b5evol5t design ( its ,mak]4 ,next come ! pleasures ( p]ception z ! infant gradually obs]ves ! qualities ( ! v>i\s objects ar\nd1 & sl[ly le>ns to di/+ui% its "m & its play?+s f ! confus$ mass ( =ms & colors4 ,!n comes ! g5tle curiosity z x wat*es ! movem5t ( its own limbs1 & f9ally discov]s t its own volitions move its t9y f+]s1 :ile ! gr& idea t x is itself a cause is gradually introduc$4 ,next come ! v>i$ intellectual pleasures z ! sev]al p[]s are ex]cis$ 9 connection ) ! animate & mat]ial _w ar\nd1 9 acquir+ ! mean+ ( words1 & 9 imitat+ ! s\nds & use ( language4 ,! adult1 9 toil+ ov] ! dry lexicon1 little realizes ! pleasure ) :i* ! little "o is daily acquir+ ! philosophy1 gramm>1 & vocabul>y ( its "m tongue4 ,a *ild :o c n und]/& a s+le complete s5t5ce1 or speak an intelligible phrase1 w sit & li/5 ) long-cont9u$ delight to ! simple enunciation ( words1 ea* "o ( :i* pres5ts a picture to 8 m9d ( a dog1 a cat1 a c[1 a horse1 a :ip1 a ride1 & _m o!r objects & sc5es t h giv5 pleasure 9 ! pa/2 :ile ! s+le words1 )\t any s5t5ces1 br+ back1 n only vivid conceptions ( ^! objects1 b a "p ( ! enjoym5t ) :i* !y h be5 connect$4 ,!n1 z ye>s pass by1 ! intellect m & m adm9i/]s pleasure1 :ile ! reason+ p[]s are develop$1 ! ta/e cultivat$1 ! imag9ation ex]cis$1 ! judgm5t employ$1 & ! memory /or$ ) treasures = future enjoym5t4 ,9 ! prop] & temp]ate use ( ! intellectual p[]s1 !re is a con/ant succession ( placid satisfaction1 or ( agreeable & (t5 ( delightful emotions1 :ile no "o ( ^! faculties is productive ( pa9 except 9 violat+ ! laws ( ! m5tal con/itution4 ,! ,susceptibilities4 ,9 reg>d to ! second g5]al class ( m5tal p[]s--! susceptibilities--! fir/ p>ticul> to be notic$ is ! ceaseless & all-p]vad+ desire to ga9 happ9ess & escape pa94 ,?is is ! ma9spr+ ( all volunt>y activity2 = no act ( volition w take place till "s good is pres5t$ to ga91 or "s evil to %un4 ,at ! same "t1 z has be5 %[n1 ! desire to escape evil is m pot5t & effective ?an ! desire = good4 ,?\s&s ( m9ds t re/ 9 passive li/lessness1 :5 !re is no?+ to /imulate b hope ( enjoym5t1 w ex]t e physical & m5tal p[] to escape imp5d+ evil4 ,! seasons ( long-cont9u$ prosp]ity 9 nations always t5d to a det]ioration ( intellect & manhood4 ,x is 9 seasons ( dang] alone t fe> wakes up ! highe/ en]gies1 & draws =? ! h]oes ( ! race4 ,m9d1 !n1 is an exi/5ce hav+ ! p[] ( t self-orig9at+ action ( *oice :i* con/itutes free ag5cy1 :ile ?is p[] c only be ex]cis$ :5 desires are excit$ to ga9 happ9ess or to escape pa94 ,?is surely is ! highe/ possible evid5ce t its ,au?or int5d$ m9d %\ld ?us act4 ,b a m9d may act to secure happ9ess & avoid pa9 to itself1 & yet may ga9 only v l[ grades ( enjoym5t1 :ile mu* high] are )9 rea* ( its faculties4 ,s1 also1 x may act to ga9 happ9ess = itself z ! *ief end 9 su* ways z to prev5t or de/roy ! happ9ess ( o!rs ar\nd4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is1 we f9d ^? susceptibilities :i* raise man to ! dignity ( a moral be+4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re is t impression ( ! great design ( ! ,creator exi/+ 9 e m9d1 ei!r z a result ( con/itution or ( tra9+1 or ( bo? unit$1 :i* results 9 a feel+ t :atev] less5s or de/roys happ9ess is unfit & contr>y to ! sy/em ( ?+s4 ,next !re is ! p[] to balance pleasure & pa91 & e/imate ! comp\nd result1 bo? 9 ref]5ce to self & to ! commonweal?4 ,) ?is is comb9$ ! feel+ t :atev] secures ! mo/ good ) ! lea/ evil is "r & fit1 & t ! opposite is wrong & unfitt$ to ! nature ( ?+s4 ,next comes ! s5se ( ju/ice1 :i* results 9 an impulse to discov] ! cause ( good & evil1 & :5 ?is cause is f\nd to be a volunt>y ag5t1 a consequ5t impulse to make returns ( good = good1 & ( evil = evil1 & also to proportion retributive rew>ds or p5alties to ! am\nt ( good or evil done4 ,) ?is1 also1 is comb9$ ! feel+ t ^? retributions %\ld be appli$ only :]e !re 0 volunt>y p[] to h done o!rwise4 ,:5 x is se5 t !re 0 no su* p[]1 ! impulse to rew>d or puni% is repress$4 ,su* is ! deep conviction t su* retributions are indisp5sable1 t :]e natural pa9s & p5alties d n avail1 o!rs are dem&$1 bo? 9 ! family & 9 ! commonweal?4 ,la/ly1 we f9d ! susceptibility ( consci5ce1 :i*1 by ! v framework ( ! m9d itself1 apportions ! retributive pangs ( remorse = wrong do+1 & ! pleasure ( self-approval = well do+4 ,^!1 too1 are retributions nev] to be escap$1 & ! mo/ exquisite1 bo? 9 elevat$ happ9ess & exquisite pa94 ,! m9d c>ries ab\t 9 itself its own c]ta9 & graci\s remun]ator--its own inexorable prosecutor1 judge1 & execution]4 ,?is same design ( ! ,creator may be mo/ delightfully trac$ 9 :at may be call$ ! economy ( happ9ess & pa94 ,"o p>ticul> ( ?is is set =? at l>ge 9 ! *apt] on ! emotions ( ta/e4 ,"h we f9d ! m9d =m$ n only to secure multitud9\s enjoym5ts ?r\gh ! n]ves ( s5sation1 b t1 by ! pr9ciple ( association1 !re is a p]petual reproduction ( ^! emotions 9 connection ) ! colors1 =ms1 s\nds1 & motions ) :i* !y 7 orig9ally associat$4 ,?us !re are p]petually return+ emotions ( pleasure s recondite1 s ref9$1 s almo/ inf9ite 9 v>iety & ext5t1 & yet h[ little notic$ or und]/ood6 ,ano!r indication ( ! same k9d is ! peculi>ity po9t$ out on =m] pages1 :]e x is %[n t secur+ c]ta9 enjoym5ts :i* t5d to promote ! g5]al happ9ess increases bo? desire & capacity = enjoym5t1 :ile ^? t t]m9ate 9 ! individual dim9i% by possession4 ,?us ! enjoym5t ( p[]1 :i* mu/1 f its nature1 be conf9$ to a few1 dim9i%es by possession4 ,?us1 too1 ! pleasures ( s5se pall by indulg5ce4 ,b ! enjoym5t result+ f ! ex]cise & reciprocation ( love1 & t result+ f b5evol5t actions1 & t :i* is includ$ 9 a c\rse ( p]fect ob$i5ce to all ! rules ( rectitude1 increases ! capacity = enjoym5t4 ,ano!r illu/ration ( ! same pr9ciple is exhibit$ 9 ! *apt] on ,habit1 :]e x is se5 t ! p[] ( pleasurable emotions increases by repetition1 :ile pa9ful emotions decrease :5 ! good to be secur$ by _! ag5cy is atta9$4 ,?us fe> seems to protect f dang] till caution & habit r5d] x ne$less1 & !n x decreases4 ,& s ( o!r pa9ful emotions4 ,x is int]e/+ to trace ! same design 9 ! con/itution ( m9ds 9 reg>d to ea* o!r4 ,we f9d t ! pure/ & highe/ k9d ( happ9ess is dep5d5t on ! mutual relations ( m9ds4 ,?us ! enjoym5t result+ f ! discov]y ( intellectual & moral traits 9 o!r m9ds--t result+ f giv+ & receiv+ affection--t ga9$ by sympa?y1 & by be+ ! cause ( happ9ess to o!rs1 & t result+ f consci\s rectitude1 all are dep5d5t on ! exi/5ce ( o!r be+s4 ,n[ we f9d t m9ds are relatively s con/itut$ t :at "o desires1 x is a s\rce ( happ9ess 9 ano!r to be/[4 ,?us "o c be pleas$ by ! discov]y ( c]ta9 traits 9 o!r m9ds1 :ile1 9 return1 ! exhibition ( ^! traits1 & ! consci\sness t !y are appreciat$1 is an equal s\rce ( enjoym5t4 ,"o m9d seeks ! love ( o!rs1 :ile ^!1 9 return1 are desir+ objects ( affection1 & rejoice to conf] ! gift t is s\ght4 ,! desire ( k or ! gratification ( curiosity is ano!r s\rce ( pleasure1 :ile satisfy+ ?is desire is a cause ( enjoym5t to ^? ar\nd4 ,h[ readily d mank9d seize ^u e opportunity to convey int]e/+ news to o!r m9ds6 ,aga93 we f9d t1 bo? 9 sorr[ & 9 joy1 ! m9d seeks = ! sympa?y ( o!rs1 :ile ?is grateful & soo?+ boon x is delightful to be/[4 ,s1 also1 ! consci\sness ( be+ ! cause ( good to ano!r s5ds joy to ! he>t1 :ile ! recipi5t is fill$ ) ! pleas+ gl[ ( gratitude 9 receiv+ ! b5efit4 ,! consci\sness ( virtue 9 act+ = ! g5]al good1 in/ead ( = contract$1 selfi% purposes1 is ano!r s\rce ( happ9ess1 :ile ^? :o witness its delightful results rejoice to behold & ackn[l$ge x4 ,:at bur/s ( raptur\s applause h foll[$ ! exhibition ( virtu\s self-sacrifice = ! good ( o!rs f bosoms :o rejoic$ 9 ?is display1 & :o c\ld owe ?is pleasure to no o!r cause ?an ! natural con/itution ( m9d1 :i* is =m$ to be made happy bo? 9 behold+ & 9 ex]cis+ virtue4 ,?is same b5eficial economy is manife/$ 9 a close analysis ( all t is includ$ 9 ! affections ( love & gratitude4 ,x has be5 %[n t1 9 ! comm5cem5t ( exi/5ce1 ! "y m9d fir/ le>ns ! s\rces ( good & evil to self1 & its sole motives are desire = its own enjoym5t4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 x beg9s to exp]i5ce ! happ9ess result+ f ! relations ( m9ds to ea* o!r1 & !n is develop$ ! sup]ior p[] ( love1 & its importance z a regulat+ pr9ciple4 ,9 ! analysis ( ?is affection1 x is se5 to consi/1 fir/1 9 ! pleasurable emotions :i* arise 9 view ( ^? traits ( "* 9 ano!r m9d po9t$ out on previ\s pages4 ,:5 ^! qualities are discov]$1 ! fir/ result is emotions ( pleasure 9 ! contemplation4 ,imm$iately !re foll[s a desire ( good to ! cause ( ?is pleasure4 ,next foll[s ! desire ( reciprocat$ affection--t is1 a desire is awak5$ to become ! cause ( ! same pleasure to ano!r2 = ! desire ( be+ lov$ is ! desire to be ! cause ( pleasurable emotions 9 ano!r m9d1 9 view ( our own good qualities4 ,:5 we secure ?is desir$ appreciation1 !n foll[s an increas$ desire ( good to ! "o :o be/[s x4 ,?us ! affection ( love is a comb9ation ( ! action & reaction ( pleasurable emotions1 all t5d+ to awak5 ! desire ( good to ano!r4 ,?is passion may become s int5sifi$ t x w become m delightful to secure enjoym5ts to ano!r ?an to procure !m = self4 ,gratitude is ! emotion ( pleasure t[>d ! au?or ( volunt>y good to self1 att5d$ by a desire ( good to ! b5efactor4 ,?is pr9ciple c be add$ to augm5t ! p[] ( love4 ,!re is a f\ndation = a v important di/9ction 9 ! analysis ( ! pr9ciple ( love4 ,9 :at is ?us f> pres5t$1 we f9d t ! desire ( good to ano!r results solely f ! fact t c]ta9 m5tal qualities are causes ( pleasure to self4 ,( c\rse1 ?is desire ceases :5 ^? qualities cease to exi/ or cease to be appreciat$4 ,?is k9d ( love is ! natural result ( ! con/itution ( m9ds 9 _! relations to ea* o!r1 mak+ x easy & pleasant to live = ! good ( ano!r 9 return = ! pleasure receiv$ f _! agreeable qualities & manife/ations4 ,b ! highe/ k9d ( love consi/s 9 ! desire ( good to ano!r )\t ref]5ce to any good receiv$ 9 return4 ,x is good will+4 ,x consi/s 9 an abid+ feel+ ( desire = ! happ9ess ( ano!r m9d4 ,?is pr9ciple exi/s z a natural impulse m or less p[]ful 9 diff]5tly con/itut$ m9ds4 ,x is ! cause ( t pleasure :i* is felt 9 ! consci\sness ( be+ ! cause ( good to ano!r4 ,b ?is natural impulse c be s develop$ & increas$ by volunt>y culture z to become ! /ronge/ impulse ( ! m9d1 & ?us ! s\rce ( ! highe/ & mo/ satisfy+ enjoym5ts4 ,9 _m m9ds ?is becomes s /rongly develop$ t secur+ happ9ess to o!rs is s\ght ) f> m e>ne/ness & pleasure ?an any modes ( enjoym5t t t]m9ate solely 9 self4 ,?is analysis lays ! f\ndation = ! di/9ction express$ by ! t]ms ! love ( complac5cy & ! love ( b5evol5ce4 ,! fir/ is ! involunt>y result ( good conf]r$ on self2 ! la/ is a volunt>y act4 ,x is good will+ t[>d o!rs )\t ref]5ce to self4 ,! fir/ c only exi/ :]e c]ta9 qualities are pres]v$ & appreciat$ 9 ano!r m9d4 ,! second c result f volunt>y ef=t1 & become ! subject ( law & p5alties4 ,we c nev] be ju/ly requir$ to love ano!r m9d ) ! love ( complac5cy except :5 qualities are p]ceiv$ t1 by ! con/itution ( m9d1 necess>ily call =? su* reg>d4 ,b ! love ( b5evol5ce c be ju/ly dem&$ f e m9d t[>d e be+ capable ( happ9ess4 ,"h x is important to discrim9ate m exactly 9 reg>d to ! pr9ciple ( b5evol5ce & ! pr9ciple ( rectitude4 ,x is se5 t ! b5evol5ce :i* is ! subject ( rew>ds & p5alties z a volunt>y act consi/s 9 good will+--t is1 9 *oos+ ! happ9ess ( o!r m9ds z ! object ( int]e/ & pursuit4 ,b ! pr9ciple ( rectitude is m compreh5sive 9 its nature4 ,x relates to ob$i5ce to all ! laws ( ! sy/em ( ! univ]se--^? relat+ to ourselves z mu* z ^? relat+ to o!rs4 ,x is true t1 z ob$i5ce to ^! laws includes ! greate/ possible am\nt ( good ) ! lea/ possible evil1 bo? to ! individual & ! commonweal?1 ! t5d5cy ( ! two pr9ciples is to ! same result4 ,b x may be ! case t b5evol5ce acts contr>y to ! true rules ( rectitude1 & ?us may m> r ?an promote happ9ess4 ,a m9d mu/ n only *oose to promote ! greate/ possible happ9ess1 b mu/ *oose ! "r way ( do+ x4 ,a v important p>ticul> to be consid]$ is1 t1 :ile 9 ! physical & m5tal con/itution !re is n a s+le arrangem5t ! direct object ( :i* is to produce suff]+1 ! susceptibilities to pa9 seem design$ to protect & pres]ve1 :ile ! great] ! ne$ ! m /rong is ?is protection4 ,= example1 9 reg>d to physical organization1 fire is an elem5t t is indisp5sable to ! life1 com=t1 & activity ( man1 & x mu/ be accessible at all times & places4 ,b all its s]vice arises f its p[] to dissolve & de/roy ! body itself1 z well z all ?+s ar\nd x4 ,!re=e ! pa9 connect$ ) contact ) fire is m acute ?an almo/ any o!r4 ,?us ev5 ! y\nge/ *ild is taught t c>e & caution ne$ful to protect its body f injury or de/ruction4 ,ano!r fact 9 reg>d to ! susceptibilities ( pa9 is _! frequ5t co-exi/5ce ) ! highe/ degrees ( enjoym5t4 ,! exp]i5ces ( ?is life (t5 pres5t cases :]e ! mo/ elevat$ & ec/atic happ9ess is comb9$ ) ! ke5e/ suff]+1 :ile su* is ! nature ( ! case t ! suff]+ is ! *ief cause ( ! happ9ess ?us secur$4 ,! highe/ illu/ration ( ?is is 9 ! suff]+ ( sa9ts & m>tyrs1 :5 !y rejoice to be c\nt$ wor?y to suff] %ame1 or :51 amid tortur+ flames1 !y s+ songs ( transport & praise4 ,ev5 9 common life x is con/antly f\nd t a c]ta9 relative am\nt ( happ9ess is felt to be m ?an a recomp5se = a giv5 am\nt ( pa94 ,?is relative am\nt may be su* t ! evil involv$1 ?\gh great1 may c\nt z no?+4 ,:]e !re is a passionate atta*m5t1 = example1 ! lov] exults 9 ! labor & suff]+ t w joyfully be receiv$ z a pro( ( affection & secure ! comp5sat+ return4 ,x is a v common fact t ! exi/5ce ( pa9ful emotions is s\ght1 n = !mselves1 b z m9i/]s to a k9d ( m5tal excitem5t :i* is desir$4 ,?is is ! f\ndation ( ! pleasure :i* is felt 9 tragic repres5tations1 & 9 poetry & novels t pres5t sc5es ( di/ress4 ,! little *ild w aga9 & aga9 ask = ! tale ( ! ,babes 9 ! ,wood1 ?\gh ea* rehe>sal br+s =? te>s2 & ! mature matron or sage w sp5d h\rs ov] tales t h>r[ ! feel+s or call =? sighs4 ,?is also is ! f\ndation ( t k9d ( music call$ ! m9or key1 9 :i* c]ta9 s\nds br+ emotions ( sadness or sorr[4 ,ano!r /rik+ fact 9 reg>d to ! desire = pa9 is ! emotions t are felt by ! mo/ noble & b5evol5t m9ds at ! sight ( cruelty & inju/ice4 ,at su* sc5es1 ! desire = inflict+ pa9 on ! guilty (f5d] am\nts to a passion :i* no?+ c allay b retributive ju/ice4 ,& ! m b5evol5t ! m9d1 ! /rong] ?is desire = retributive evil to ano!r4 ,?us x appe>s t ! m9d is s made z to desire pa9 bo? = itself & = o!rs2 n 9 itself consid]$1 b z ! indisp5sable means to ga9 "s consequ5t enjoym5t4 ,! highe/ k9ds ( happ9ess result f pa9ful em]g5cies4 ,! transports ( love1 gratitude1 & delight1 :5 "s b5efactor rescues suff]+ ?\s&s f dang] & evil1 c\ld exi/ 9 no o!r way4 ,all ! long tra9 ( virtues includ$ 9 pati5t toil = ! good ( o!rs1 9 h]oic d>+1 9 brave adv5ture1 9 =titude1 9 pati5ce1 9 resignation1 9 heav5ly meekness1 9 noble magnanimity1 9 sublime self-sacrifice1 all involve ! idea ( trial1 dang]1 & suff]+4 ,x is only ! highe/ & noble/ class ( m9ds t c fully und]/& t ! mo/ blissful ( all enjoym5ts are ^? :i* are b\ght ) pa94 ,b ! mo/ *e]+ feature 9 ! con/itution ( m9d is all t is includ$ 9 ! pr9ciple ( habit4 ,we see 9 ! comm5cem5t ( exi/5ce t e action ( m9d & body is imp]fect1 & m or less difficult1 :ile ea* ef=t to secure "r action increases ! facility ( s do+4 ,we see t1 ow+ to ?is pr9ciple1 e act ( ob$i5ce to law makes su* a c\rse easi]4 ,! intellect1 ! susceptibilities1 ! w1 all come "u ?is b5ign influ5ce4 ,habit may s dim9i% ! difficulty ( self-d5ial = our own good t ! pa9 entirely ceases2 & self-sacrifice = ! good ( o!rs may s develop b5evol5ce & g5]ate a habit t x w become pleasure )\t pa94 ,!re are ^?1 ev5 9 ?is _w1 :o h s atta9$ ?is capacity ( liv+ 9 ! life ( ^? ar\nd !m t ! happ9ess ( o!rs becomes _! own1 & !n !re is ev5 less pa9 9 self-d5ial = ! good ( o!rs ?an = t ( self4 ,:5 ?is habit ( m9d is atta9$1 ! happ9ess ( ! commonweal? becomes ! portion ( ! individual4 #c ,note ,b4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,social ,,& ,,mat]ial ,,pro(s ,,( ,,! ,,creator',s ,,designs4 ,we h n[ pres5t$ ! organization ( m9d z ! *ief evid5ce ( ! gr& design ( its ,creator 9 =m+ all ?+s4 ,we n[ w trace ! evid5ces ( ! same b5efic5t object 9 ! social & mat]ial organizations4 ,fir/1 !n1 9 reg>d to ! dome/ic relations4 ,we h se5 t :ile all happ9ess dep5ds on ob$i5ce to laws1 e m9d comes into exi/5ce 9 p]fect ignorance ( !m1 & )\t any p[] to le>n :at is good or evil b by exp]i5ce & in/ruction4 ,! int5tion ( ! ,creator t ea* new-born be+ %\ld be taught ^! laws & tra9$ to obey !m1 is cle>ly se5 9 ! fir/ & highe/ dome/ic relation4 ,9 ?is we see two mature m9ds1 :o h !mselves be5 tra9$ to und]/& ^! laws1 drawn by sweet & g5tle influ5ces to ea* o!r4 ,!y g ap>t f all pa/ ties ( k9dr$2 !y h "o home1 "o "n1 "o common int]e/ 9 e ?+4 ,! "o :o has mo/ physical /r5g? goes =? to provide supplies2 ! delicate "o rema9s beh9d1 by dome/ic m9i/ries to r5d] home ! c5tre ( all attractions4 ,!n comes ! beautiful1 helpless infant1 ( no use to any "o1 & dem&+ con/ant c>e1 labor1 & att5tion4 ,& yet1 ) its pr(\nd ignorance1 its t5d] weakness1 its delicate beauty1 its utt] helplessness1 its entire dep5d5ce1 h[ does x draw =? ! /ronge/ feel+s ( love & t5d]ness1 mak+ e toil & c>e a delight6 ,& ?us1 mon? aft] mon?1 bo? p>5ts unite to *]i% & support1 :ile1 ) unceas+ vigilance1 !y tra9 ! new-born m9d to und]/& & obey ! laws ( ! sy/em into :i* x is ?us u%]$4 ,its fir/ lessons are to le>n to take c>e ( its own body4 ,& :5 ! f>-(f p5alty ( pa9 c n be compreh5d$ by ! novice1 ! p>5t inv5ts new p5alties to secure habits ( c>e & ob$i5ce4 ,dur+ all ?is p]iod ! great lesson ( sacrifice con/antly occurs4 ,! *ild mu/ eat :at is be/1 n :at x desires4 ,x mu/ g to b$ :5 x wants to sit up4 ,x mu/ /ay 9 ! h\se :5 x wants to g out4 ,x mu/ n t\* multitudes ( ?+s :i* x wi%es ?us to inve/igate4 ,& s ! habits ( self-d5ial1 ob$i5ce1 & fai? 9 ! p>5ts are gradually secur$1 :ile ! k ( ! laws ( ! sy/em ar\nd are sl[ly le>n$4 ,b ! high] "p ( ! law ( sacrifice soon beg9s to make its dem&s4 ,! *ild fir/ le>ns ( ?is law by example1 9 t ( ! "m1 t mo/ p]fect illu/ration ( self-sacrific+ love4 ,!n comes a second *ild1 :5 ! fir/-born mu/ practice on ?is example4 ,x mu/ give up its place 9 ! "m's bosom to ano!r2 x mu/ %>e its sweets & toys ) ! new-com]2 x mu/ jo9 9 ef=ts to protect1 amuse1 & in/ruct ! helpless "o4 ,& ?us ! family is ! con/ant s*ool = tra9+ ignorant1 inexp]i5c$ m9d 9 ! laws ( ! sy/em ( :i* x is a "p1 especially 9 ! great law ( self-control & ( self-sacrifice = ! good ( o!rs4 ,next comes ! discipl9e ( ! s*ool & ! neighborhood1 :5 ! *ild is plac$ among 8 pe]s to be taught new rules ( ju/ice1 b5evol5ce1 & self-sacrifice = ! g5]al good4 ,next come ! relations ( ! body politic1 = :i* labors are dem&$ & pa9 is to be endur$ "u ! gr& law ( sacrifice1 t ! individual is to subord9ate 8 own int]e/s & wi%es to ! great] g5]al good1 & t ! int]e/s ( ! majority are to control ^? ( ! m9ority4 ,la/ly1 ! :ole _w is to be tak5 into ! e/imate1 & ! nations are to be c\nt$ z memb]s ( "o great family ( man1 = :i* e portion is to make sacrifices4 ,?us1 z age1 & exp]i5ce1 & habits ( ob$i5ce to ! laws ( rectitude increase1 ! duties & obligations gr[ m num]\s & complicat$4 ,b ! same gr& pr9ciple is m & m develop$1 t ea* individual is to seek ! greate/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil1 = ! va/ :ole z well z ea* subord9ate "p1 :ile self is to receive only its j & prop] %>e4 ,! same great design ( ! ,creator c be detect$ also 9 specific organizations1 by :i* m9ds s diff] f ea* o!r z to fit !m = ! div]se positions & relations t ! common good dem&s4 ,if all 7 exactly alike 9 ! am\nt ( con/itutional p[]s & 9 ! proportionate comb9ations1 x c easily be se5 t ! g5]al result w\ld be f> less favorable to ! happ9ess ( ! :ole4 ,b z x is1 "s h ! love ( p[] v l>ge1 & love to lead & control2 o!rs h x small1 & love to foll[4 ,"s h elevat$ intellect1 & love to tea*2 o!rs h humbl] capacities1 & bett] love humbl] pursuits4 ,^! v>i$ comb9ations also give scope to ! virtues ( pity1 t5d]ness1 pati5ce1 m]cy1 ju/ice1 self-d5ial1 & _m o!r graces t c\ld n be call$ into be+ )\t all ! disp>ities1 social1 dome/ic1 intellectual1 & moral1 t we f9d exi/+4 ,meantime1 ! pr9ciple ( habit & ! p[] ( ! w give abundant opportunities = modify+ ^! natural peculi>ities to accommodate to v>y+ circum/ances4 ,to ^! indications ( b5evol5t design may be add$ ! organization ( ! bodily sy/em1 & ! con/itution ( ! mat]ial _w )\t4 ,9 exam9+ ! body we inhabit1 s nicely adju/$1 s p]fectly adapt$ to our necessities1 s beautifully & h>moni\sly arrang$1 s fe>fully & wond]fully made1 x is almo/ beyond ! p[] ( numb]s to express ! multipli$ contrivances = ease1 com=t1 & delight4 ,we daily pursue our bus9ess & our pleasure1 ?\ghtless ( ! ?\s& op]ations :i* are go+ on1 & ! busy me*anism employ$ 9 secur+ ! objects we desire4 ,! w>m curr5t t is fl[+ f ! c5tre to ! extremities1 ) its life-giv+ en]gies1 & !n return+ to be purifi$ & aga9 s5t =?2 ! myriads ( bran*+ n]ves t are ! s5sitive disc]n]s ( good or ill2 ! unnumb]$ muscles & t5dons t are contract+ & exp&+ 9 all p>ts ( our frame2 ! nicely-adju/$ jo9ts1 & b&s1 & ligam5ts1 t su/a91 & direct1 & support2 ! p]petual expansion & contraction ( ! vital organ2 ! ?\s& hidd5 contrivances & op]ations ( ! animal frame1 all are quietly & con/antly p]=m+ _! g5]\s functions1 & adm9i/]+ com=t & enjoym5t to ! consci\s _s t dwells )94 ,nor is ! out] _w less busy 9 p]=m+ its "p 9 promot+ ! great design ( ! ,creator4 ,! light ( suns & />s is trav]s+ ! e!real expanse 9 se>* ( ^? = :om x 0 creat$2 = !m x gilds ! sc5es ( e>?1 & is reflect$ 9 t5 ?\s& =ms ( beauty & ( skill4 ,! trembl+ air is wait+ to m9i/] its aid1 fann+ ) cool breezes1 or yield+ ! w>m? ( spr+1 su/a9+ ! functions ( life1 & be>+ on its light w+ ! ?\ghts t g =? f m9d to m9d1 & ! brea?+s ( affection t are giv5 & return$4 ,= ?is design e>? is s5d+ =? h] exub]ance1 ! wat]s are empty+ _! /ores1 & ! cl\ds p\r+ =? _! treasures4 ,all nature is busy ) its (f]+s ( fruits & fl[]s1 its w&]+ inc5se1 its g>ni%$ beauty1 & its v>i$ songs4 ,)9 & )\t1 above1 b5ea?1 & ar\nd1 ! same ,almighty ,b5efic5ce is f\nd /ill m9i/]+ to ! wants & promot+ ! happ9ess ( ! m9ds ,he has =m$ =ev] to desire & pursue ?is boon4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,"r ,,mode ,,( ,,secur+ ,,! ,,object ,,= ,,:i* ,,m9d ,,0 ,,creat$4 ,hav+ set =? ! object = :i* ! ,creator =m$ m9d1 we are ?us furni%$ ) ! means = decid+ z to ! "r mode ( its action 9 obta9+ ?is object4 ,we may discov] ! design ( a mo/ curi\s ma*9e1 & p]ceive t1 if x is rightly regulat$1 x w secure t end2 :ile1 if x is work$ wrong1 x w break itself to pieces1 & de/roy ! v object :i* x 0 =m$ to secure4 ,! same may be se5 to be z true ( m9d z x is ( mat]ial organization1 & ! "q !n is mo/ p]t95t1 ,:at is t mode ( m5tal action :i* w mo/ p]fectly secure ! end = :i* m9d is made8 ,we h se5 t ! self-det]m9+ p[] ( *oice is ! di/9ctive attribute ( m9d1 & t all ! o!r p[]s are dep5d5t on ?is1 & regulat$ by x4 ,we h se5 t ! curr5t ( ! ?\ghts1 & ! nature & p[] ( ! desires & emotions1 are also controll$ by ! g5]ic rul+ purpose1 or *ief int]e/ ( ! m9d4 ,?is be+ s1 !n ! only way 9 :i* m9d c act to secure ! object = :i* x is made is to *oose t object = *ief end or rul+ purpose1 & actually c>ry out ?is *oice 9 all subord9ate volitions4 ,we w n[ pres5t ! evid5ce ga9$ f exp]i5ce1 z well z :at we %\ld inf] f ! kn[n laws ( m9d1 to %[ :at ! result w\ld be 9 a sy/em ( m9ds :]e ea* m9d %\ld ?us act4 ,let u suppose1 !n1 a commonweal? 9 :i* e m9d is regulat$ by a rul+ purpose to act "r1 :i* actually controls e specific volition4 ,ea* m9d !n w\ld obey all ^? laws :i* w secure to ! :ole community & to ea* individual ! greate/ possible am\nt ( happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,to d ?is ( necessity involves ! idea t ea* m9d mu/ "k :at are all ! laws ( ! sy/em2 = no "o c *oose to obey laws until laws are kn[n4 ,let ! result on a s+le m9d be fir/ contemplat$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 all ! tra9s ( ?\ght w\ld be regulat$ by ! *ief desire1 :i* w\ld be to make ! mo/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,( c\rse1 all ^? ideas t 7 mo/ consonant ) ?is rul+ passion w\ld become vivid & di/9ct2 & z ^! ideas also w\ld be connect$ ) ! /ronge/ emotions1 ! two *ief causes t regulate association w\ld comb9e to secure con/ant ?\ght & intellectual activity to promote ! common welf>e z ! *ief object1 :ile self w\ld h only its true & prop] e/imation & att5tion4 ,!re w\ld be no ne$ ( ef=t to regulate ?\ght & emotion1 = !y w\ld all fl[ naturally to ! gr& & "r object4 ,next suppose a commonweal? 9 :i* e m9d _h its intellect1 desires1 & emotions1 & all its specific volitions ?us regulat$ by ! gr& aim ( mak+ ! mo/ possible happ9ess1 gu>d$1 too1 by un]r+ judgm5t1 s z to make no miscalculation2 :at w\ld be ! /ate ( ?+s1 s f> z we c asc]ta9 by pa/ exp]i5ce & by reason+ f ! kn[n nature ( ?+s8 ,fir/1 !n1 9 ref]5ce to ! susceptibilities ( s5sation4 ,if all %\ld nev] t\* any food b t :i* w\ld expose to no dang] or excess2 if !y nev] enc\nt]$ any ne$less haz>d2 if !y exactly balanc$ all ! probabilities ( good & evil1 9 e matt] relat+ to ! pleasures ( s5se1 & inv>iably *ose t :i* expos$ to ! lea/ dang]2 if e be+ ar\nd 0 anxi\sly wat*ful 9 af=d+ ! results ( obs]vation1 & 9 protect+ o!rs f risk & exposure1 x is probable t ! am\nt ( s5sitive enjoym5t w\ld be a ?\s& fold increas$1 :ile mo/ ( ! evils caus$ by improp] food & dr9k1 by ne$less exposure1 by neglig5ce ( dang]1 & by _m o!r causes :i* n[ op]ate1 w\ld cease4 ,) ! pres5t con/itution ( body1 :i* t5ds to decay1 we c\ld n positively ma9ta9 t no suff]+ w\ld be exp]i5c$1 b x is probable t ! am\nt w\ld be z a drop to ! ocean comp>$ ) :at is n[ exp]i5c$4 ,"u su* a con/itution ( ?+s1 we c p]ceive1 also1 t !re w\ld be no suff]+ f ! pa9ful emotions2 = :]e ea* 0 /riv+ to atta9 ! greate/ am\nt ( good to all1 !re c\ld be no competition1 no jeal\sy1 no envy1 no pride1 no ambition1 no ang]1 no hatr$2 = !re w\ld be no occasion = any ( ^! discordant emotions4 ,nor c\ld remorse h>ass1 or %ame ov]:elm2 = no wick$ness w\ld be p]petrat$1 & no occasion ( reproa* occur4 ,nor c\ld fe> intrude1 :]e e m9d 0 consci\s t its own happ9ess 0 ! con/ant c>e ( e "o ar\nd4 ,nor c\ld pa9ful sympa?y exi/1 :]e s little pa9 0 kn[n4 ,nor c\ld ! we>9ess ( inactivity be felt1 :]e all 7 engag$ 9 act+ = "o noble & common object1 9 :i* e faculty c\ld be employ$4 ,nor c\ld ! m9d suff] ! pangs ( ungratifi$ desire1 :ile ! gratification ( its *ief desire 0 ! aim & object ( all4 ,s t1 if all m9ds %\ld act unit$ly & habitually on ?is pr9ciple1 !re w\ld be no exposure1 except to s5sitive pa91 & ?is dang] w\ld be exce$+ly trifl+4 ,9 ! mean "t1 e s\rce ( happ9ess w\ld be full & ov]fl[+4 ,all s5sitive enjoym5ts t w\ld n cause suff]+1 nor int]f]e ) ! happ9ess ( o!rs1 w\ld be ga9$2 admiration & affection w\ld be giv5 & reciprocat$2 ! p[]s ( body & m9d w\ld be actively employ$ 9 giv+ & acquir+ happ9ess2 ! pleasure result+ f ! ex]cise ( physical & moral p[] w\ld be enjoy$1 & employ$ to promote ! enjoym5t ( o!rs2 ! peace ( consci\s rectitude w\ld dwell 9 e bosom2 ! consci\sness ( be+ ! cause ( happ9ess to o!rs w\ld s5d joy to ! he>t1 :ile sympa?y 9 ! g5]al happ9ess w\ld p\r 9 its unmeasur$ tide4 ,b ?is happ9ess c\ld n be p]fect except 9 a commonweal? :]e e individual 0 p]fectly con=m$ to ! laws ( rectitude4 ,a s+le m9d t violat$ a s+le law w\ld s5d a j> ?r\gh ! :ole sph]e ( b5evol5t & sympa?iz+ be+s4 ,! next "q is1 ,h[ c m9d be mo/ successfully influ5c$ to "r action8 ,to answ] ?is we mu/ ref] aga9 to exp]i5ce1 & inquire z to ! me?ods :i* h be5 f\nd mo/ successful 9 influ5c+ ! m9d to "r action4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* exp]i5ce tea*es is1 t x is indisp5sable to "r m5tal action t !re %\ld be a k & belief ( ! tru?4 ,we mu/ h true conceptions ( reality ( ?+s1 & ( ! "r mode ( promot+ ! greate/ possible happ9ess1 be=e we h p[] to pursue ?is c\rse4 ,b ea* m9d1 z x comes into exi/5ce1 is a p]fect blank 9 reg>d to k or exp]i5ce ( any k9d4 ,! only way to ga9 k is by exp]i5ce & in/ruction4 ,! k secur$ by exp]i5ce z to ! laws ( a sy/em s va/ & complicat$ comes v sl[ly & imp]fectly4 ,! *ief reliance 9 ! beg9n+ ( exi/5ce is on ! in/ructions ( o!r m9ds4 ,infallible tea*]s1 & p]fect fai? or belief 9 su* tea*]s1 !n1 is ! gr& necessity ( m9d z x beg9s exi/5ce4 ,! next ?+ :i* exp]i5ce %[s to be effective 9 secur+ ! "r action ( m9d is ! =mation ( "r habits4 ,= ?is1 also1 ! new-made be+ is entirely dep5d5t on ^? to :om is giv5 its e>ly tra9+4 ,x comes into life )\t any k & )\t any habits1 a creature ( m]e impulses & in/9cts4 ,its v fir/ want is n only infallible tea*]s1 b pati5t educators1 :o %all1 by con/ant c>e & ef=t1 =m its physical1 intellectual1 social1 & moral habits4 ,! next indisp5sable requisite to ! "r action ( m9d is ! exi/5ce ( a rul+ g5]ic purpose to obey all ! laws ( rectitude4 ,x has already be5 %[n h[ all ! p[]s ( ! m9d are regulat$ & controll$ by ! lead+ purpose1 & t x is impossible to br+ all ! desires1 emotions1 & subord9ate volitions into "r action except by ! p[] ( su* a pr9ciple4 ,b exp]i5ce has prov$ t su* a g5]ic purpose w n ei!r be orig9at$ or su/a9$ except by ! social influ5ces ( surr\nd+ m9ds ?r\gh ! pr9ciples ( love1 gratitude1 sympa?y1 & example4 ,! p[] ( ^! pr9ciples may be illu/rat$ by suppos+ ! case ( a mature m9d already emb>rass$ ) habits ( self-indulg5ce & selfi%ness4 ,let su* a p]son be plac$ 9 ! mo/ ende>$ & intimate communion ) a be+ possess$ ( e possible attraction :i* is delightful to ! human m9d4 ,let him feel t he is ! object ( ! mo/ t5d] & devot$ affection to su* an exalt$ fri5d1 &1 spite ( 8 own faults & defici5cies1 realize t 8 own affection is desir$ & 8 communion s\ght4 ,let him1 9 all 8 daily pursuits1 be att5d$ by ! desir$ pres5ce ( ! "o 9 :om 8 hopes c5tre & 8 affections repose2 "o 9 :om he sees e possible exhibition ( dis9t]e/$ness1 t5d]ness1 & love1 n only t[>d himself1 b all o!r be+s :o come )9 ! circle ( su* b5evol5ce4 ,let him discov] t ! practice ( all t is excell5t & b5evol5t by himself is ! object ( unceas+ desire to ?is devot$ fri5d4 ,let him discov] t1 to save him f ! consequ5ces ( "s guilty act ( selfi%ness1 ?is fri5d _h submitt$ to ! mo/ pa9ful sacrifices1 & only ask$ z a return ^? ef=ts :i* 7 necess>y to ov]come su* p]nici\s habits4 ,let him feel t ?is fri5d1 ?\gh pa9$ by 8 defici5cies1 c\ld =be> & =give1 & cont9ue 8 love 9 spite ( !m all4 ,let him "k t 8 atta9m5t ( p]fect virtue 0 ! object ( int5se desire1 & 0 wat*$ ) ! mo/ exult+ joy by s good & s p]fect a be+1 & is x possible to conceive a /rong] pressure ( motive :i* c\ld be br\ght to act on a selfi% m9d8 ,w\ld n e human be+ exclaim1 ,give me su* a fri5d1 & ,i %\ld be selfi% no m4 ,8 pres5ce & 8 love w\ld be my /r5g? 9 foil+ e wrong desire & 9 conqu]+ e baneful habit4 ,?is illu/ration enables u to realize m cle>ly ! p[] ( love & gratitude t[>d ano!r m9d1 & ! reflex influ5ce ( love ( sympa?y & ( example4 ,c\ld ! "y m9d be plac$ "u ! tra9+ ( su* m9ds1 & 9 circum/ances :]e all ! rules ( "r & wrong 7 p]fectly und]/ood1 x c be se5 t ! habits w\ld e>ly be =m$ aright1 & t ! difficulties aga9/ :i* ! mature m9d has to /ruggle w\ld be escap$4 ,c\ld we suppose a community ( su* elevat$ mature educators1 ) "y m9ds ( v>i\s degrees ( advancem5t "u _! tra9+1 x c be se5 t ! social influ5ces ( all w\ld produce a moral atmosph]e t w\ld add great p[] to ! individual influ5ces4 ,:at e body loves1 honors1 & admires1 secures a moral =ce ov] "y m9ds almo/ inv9cible1 ev5 :5 x su/a9s false & wick$ cu/oms4 ,h[ mu* great] ?is p[] :5 x co-op]ates ) ! intellect1 ! moral s5se1 & ! w 9 lead+ to "r action6 ,! result ( all ?is is to %[1 z ! result ( reason & exp]i5ce1 t x is indisp5sable to ! p]fectly "r action ( m9d to secure infallible & p]fect educators4 ,meantime1 ! degree 9 :i* any individual m9d1 or any community1 has or w approa* to su* p]fection1 dep5ds entirely on ! ext5t to :i* su* a "* c be secur$ 9 ^? :o are to tra9 "y m9ds4 ,! hi/ory ( individual families & ( l>ge communities %[s t _! advance1 bo? 9 intellectual & moral developm5t1 has exactly correspond$ ) ! "* ( ^? :o educat$ ! "y4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,wrong ,,action ,,( ,,m9d ,,& ,,its ,,causes4 ,we h exhibit$ ! object = :i* m9d 0 creat$1 & ! mode ( action by :i* alone ?is object c be secur$4 ,we next inquire 9 reg>d to ! wrong action ( m9d2 its causes & its results z le>n$ by reason & exp]i5ce4 ,accord+ to ! pr9ciples set =?1 a m9d acts wrong :5ev] x transgresses any law4 ,! gr& law is t ( sacrifice1 by :i* e mode ( enjoym5t is to be rel9qui%$ :i* does n t5d to ! greate/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,hav+ set =? ^? influ5ces or causes :i* t5d to secure ! "r action ( m9d1 we are enabl$ ?us to indicate :at are ! causes ( its wrong action4 ,! fir/ & lead+ cause is a want ( k ( ! tru? & a belief ( error4 ,we beg9 exi/5ce )\t k ( any k9d1 & )\t any p[] to receive in/ruction f o!rs4 ,! newborn m9d is a m]e unit ( impulses & in/9cts1 ) an intellect entirely undevelop$1 & a w :i* nev] c act intellig5tly4 ,x is entirely dep5d5t = its exp]i5ce1 safety1 enjoym5t1 & k ( all k9ds on ^? ar\nd4 ,z x ga9s by exp]i5ce & tra9+1 mu* ( its k & belief is correct1 & _m ( its m5tal acts are "r2 b a l>ge portion ( its actions are wrong1 & _m ( !m inevitably s4 ,& "h we mu/ recognize aga9 ! di/9ction :i* our moral nature dem&s betwe5 wrong actions t result f unavoidable ignorance1 & ^? :i* are committ$ intellig5tly & :i* violate consci5ce4 ,9 reg>d to ! fir/ class1 ! natural p5alties are inevitable1 & ! ju/ice ( !m involves ! great "q ( ! ,creator's "* & designs4 ,9 reg>d to ^? t violate consci5ce1 our moral nature1 z has be5 %[n1 leads u n only to approve additional p5alties1 b to dem& !m4 ,! violations ( law :i* are s9s ( ignorance comm5ce ) ! e>lie/ p]iod ( exi/5ce4 ,ow+ to its helpless ignorance1 (t5 ! little *ild c no m help act+ wrong ?an x c help ?9k+ & feel+4 ,a second cause ( wrong action is false tea*+s4 ,al?\gh a l>ge portion ( ! in/ruction giv5 to ! "y1 especially 9 reg>d to physical laws1 are true1 yet ! infant comm5ces life among imp]fectly in/ruct$ be+s1 :o (t5 communicate error believ+ x to be tru?4 ,meantime ! little "o has no p[] ( correct+ ^! errors1 & ?us aga9 is inevitably l$ to wrong action4 ,a ?ird cause ( wrong action is ! want ( good habits & ! e>ly =mation ( bad ones4 ,z a habit is a facility ( action ga9$ by repetition1 ( c\rse1 at fir/1 !re c be no habits4 ,& !n :at ! habits %all be is entirely decid$ by ! op9ions & conduct ( its educators4 ,:ile "s habits are =m$ aright1 o!rs are =m$ wrong1 & ?us ! disability ( nature is increas$ in/ead ( dim9i%$4 ,! next cause ( wrong action is ^? social influ5ces ( o!r m9ds t h mo/ p[] bo? 9 secur+ & su/a9+ "r action4 ,9 ! previ\s *apt] we h illu/rat$ ! p[] ( ! pr9ciples ( love1 gratitude1 sympa?y1 & example 9 secur+ "r action4 ,! same p[]ful influ5ces exi/ 9 ref]5ce to wrong action4 ,! *ild :o loves its p>5ts & playmates is n only taught to believe wrong action to be "r1 b has all ! p[]ful influ5ces :i* example1 sympa?y1 love1 & gratitude c comb9e to lead to ! same wrong c\rses4 ,?us1 to ! natural ignorance ( inexp]i5c$ m9d1 to false in/ructions1 & to bad habits1 are (t5 add$ ^! mo/ p[]ful ( all influ5ces4 ,! next cause ( wrong action is ! want ( a rul+ purpose to d "r4 ,x has be5 %[n t all ! p[]s ( ! intellect & all ! susceptibilities c be regulat$ by a g5]ic rul+ purpose1 & t x is impossible1 accord+ to ! nature ( m9d1 to regulate x any o!r way4 ,:5 su* a purpose exi/s1 & its object is any o!r except ! "r & true "o1 x is z impossible = a m9d to act "r z x is = a ma*9e to fulfill its design :5 ! ma9 :eel is turn$ ! wrong way4 ,t su* a purpose does n exi/ 9 ! new-born m9d1 & t x mu/ be a consid]able "t be=e x is possible1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 to be orig9at$1 ne$s no attempt to illu/rate4 ,su* a purpose is dep5d5t on k ( tru?1 on habits1 & ^! on ! "* ( ! educators ( m9d1 & on o!r surr\nd+ social influ5ces4 ,^! are ! *ief causes ( ! wrong action ( m9d z !y h be5 develop$ by exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! next *apt]s we %all consid] ! results ( ! wrong action ( m9d z !y h be5 exhibit$ 9 ! exp]i5ce ( mank9d1 & z !y are to be anticipat$ 9 a future _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,wrong ,,action ,,( ,,m9d1 ,,& ,,its ,,results ,,9 ,,?is ,,life4 ,we h exam9$ into ! causes ( ! wrong action ( m9d1 & h f\nd !m to consi/ 9 ! want ( k1 want ( habits1 want ( social influ5ces f o!r m9ds1 & want ( a "r gov]n+ purpose1 all ( :i*1 s f> z reason & exp]i5ce tea*1 alone c\ld be secur$ by p]fect & infallible tea*]s & educators 9 a p]fect commonweal?4 ,we are n[ to inquire 9 reg>d to ! wrong action ( m9d & its results 9 ?is life4 ,! fir/ po9t to be notic$ is ! fact t f ! fir/ !re is 9 e intellig5t m9d a s5se ( entire inability to obey ! laws ( ! sy/em 9 :i* x is plac$4 ,?is is true n m]ely 9 ref]5ce to t brea* ( law :i* is ! inevitable result ( ignorance1 b ( t also :i* involves a violation ( consci5ce4 ,:]e is ! "m :o has n he>d ! di/ress$ confession1 ev5 f ! weep+ infant1 t he 0 happi] 9 do+ "r ?an 9 do+ wrong1 t he wi%$ to d well1 & yet t he 0 con/antly do+ evil8 ,:]e is ! p>5t t has n witness$1 z "o little be+ aft] ano!r pass$ on f infancy to y\?1 & f y\? to manhood1 ! p]petual w>f>e to su/a9 good purposes & (t-brok5 resolutions8 ,& :]e is ! consci\s _s t c n look back on its :ole c\rse ( exi/5ce z "o cont9u$ exhibition ( a conflict t gives unv>y+ evid5ce ( ?is tru?8 ,m5 feel t x is z impossible = !m to be inv>iably p]fect 9 ?\ght1 ^w1 & de$1 z x is to rule ! w9ds & waves4 ,! te/imony ( mank9d ?r\gh e p]iod ( ! _w1 9 reg>d to _! own individual consci\sness1 atte/s a s5se ( ! same fatal inability4 ,if we g back ev5 z f> z to ! hea!n sages ( antiquity1 we ga9 ! same ackn[l$gm5t4 ,?us we f9d ,py?agoras calls x ! fatal companion1 ! noxi\s /rife t lurks )9 u1 & :i* 0 born along ) u4 ,sopator t]ms x ! s9 t is born ) mank9d4 ,plato d5om9ates x natural wick$ness1 & ,ari/otle ! natural repugnance ( man's temp] to reason4 ,cic]o decl>es t m5 are br\ght into life by ,nature z a /ep-"m1 ) a nak$1 frail1 & infirm body1 & ) a s\l prone to div]s lu/s4 ,s5eca obs]ves1 ,we are born 9 su* a condition t we are n subject to few] disord]s ( ! m9d ?an ( ! body2 all vices are 9 m51 ?\gh !y d n break out 9 e "o4 ,prop]tius says t e body has a vice to :i* he is incl9$ by nature4 ,juv5al ass]ts t nature1 un*angeably fix$1 runs back to wick$ness4 ,horace decl>es t no man is free f vices1 & he is ! be/ man :o is oppress$ ) ! lea/4 ,he adds t mank9d ru% into wick$ness1 & always desire :at is =bidd52 t y\? has ! s(tness ( wax to receive vici\s impressions1 & ! h>dness ( rock to resi/ virtu\s admonitions2 t we are mad en\gh to attack ,heav5 itself1 & our repeat$ crimes d n suff] ! ,god ( ,heav5 to lay aside 8 wra?ful ?und]bolts4 ,?is te/imony ( individual exp]i5ce is v]ifi$ by ! g5]al hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,all ! laws & in/itutions ( society are f\nd$ on ! pr9ciple t mank9d are prone to wrong1 infirm ( purpose 9 all t is good1 & t e possible re/ra9t is ne$$ to prev5t ! ov]break+ tide ( evil & crime4 ,:5 we read ! hi/ory ( communities & ( nations1 x is "o cont9u$ record ( selfi%ness1 av>ice1 inju/ice1 rev5ge1 & cruelty4 ,individuals seem equally plott+ aga9/ ! happ9ess ( individuals1 & rejoic+ to "w evils on society4 ,communities rise aga9/ communities1 & nations da% aga9/ nations4 ,tyrants fill _! dom9ions ) sorr[1 mis]y1 & dea?2 bloody h]oes1 foll[$ by infuriate b&s1 spread havoc1 ru91 & dismay ?r\gh all _! c\rse1 :ile sup]/ition b9ds 9 *a9s1 racks ) tortures1 & sacrifices its millions ( victims4 ,9 trac+ along ! hi/ory ( mank9d1 !re is no p]iod :i* we c select :5 mank9d h n seem$ z busy 9 de/roy+ _! own1 & ! happ9ess ( o!rs1 z ! l[] animals are 9 seek+ _! appropriate enjoym5ts4 ,at "o "t we behold ,x]xes p\r+ =? all ,asia ^u ,europe1 :]e ?ree million be+s 7 br\ght to be slaught]$ by ! ,greeks4 ,at ano!r "t ! ,greeks1 head$ by ,alex&]1 return ^u ,asia1 & spread ov] mo/ ( ! kn[n _w1 pillag+1 burn+1 & slaught]+4 ,!n we behold ,al>ic1 at ! head ( b>b>\s hordes1 desolat+ all ! ,roman empire1 & de/roy+ ! monum5ts ( ta/e1 sci5ce1 & ! arts4 ,!n we see ,tam]lane ru%+ =?1 ov]runn+ ,p]sia1 ,india1 & o!r p>ts ( ,asia1 c>ry+ c>nage & ! mo/ desolat+ cruelty 9 8 c\rse1 s t x is record$ t he w\ld cause ?\s&s ( 8 prison]s to be p\nd$ 9 mort>s ) bricks to =m into walls4 ,f ,europe we behold six millions ( ,crusad]s ru% =? ^u ! pla9s ( ,asia1 ) rap9e1 & fam9e1 & outrage att5d+ _! c\rse4 ,!n come =? f ,ea/]n ,asia ! myrmidons ( ,g5ghis ,khan1 ravag+ fifte5 millions ( squ>e miles1 behead+ #ajj1jjj prison]s at "o "t1 %ak+ ! :ole e>? ) t]ror1 & ext]m9at+ f\rte5 millions ( _! fell[-m54 ,!n f ! nor!rn =e/s are se5 sw>m+ =? ! ,go?s & ,v&als1 sweep+ ov] ,europe & ,asia1 & be>+ away e ve/ige ( arts1 civilization1 com=t1 & peace4 ,at ano!r "t we see ! pr(ess$ head ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* slaught]+ ! pi\s & in(f5sive ,albig5ses1 s5d+ horror into _! peaceful villages1 & tortur+ ?\s&s ( in(f5sive victims4 ,at "o p]iod ( hi/ory ! :ole kn[n _w seem$ to be "o va/ field ( c>nage & commotion4 ,! ,huns1 ,v&als1 & o!r ,nor!rn b>b>ians 7 ravag+ ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,spa92 ! ,go?s 7 plund]+ & murd]+ 9 ,italy1 & ! ,saxons & ,angles 7 ov]runn+ ,great ,brita94 ,! ,roman armies "u ,ju/9ian1 toge!r ) ! ,v&als & ,huns1 7 desolat+ ,africa2 ! b>b>ians ( ,scy?ia 7 p\r+ d[n ^u ! ,roman empire2 ! ,p]sian armies 7 pillag+ & lay+ wa/e ! c\ntries ( ,asia2 ! ,arabians1 "u ,mohamm$1 7 beg9n+ to ext5d _! conque/s ov] ,syria1 ,pale/9e1 ,egypt1 ,b>b>y1 & ,spa94 ,e nation & k+dom on e>? 0 %ak+ to its c5tre4 ,! smoke & ! spirits ( ! bottomless pit seem$ com+ up to d>k51 & torm5t1 & affright mank9d4 ,! mo/ f]tile c\ntries 7 conv]t$ to des]ts1 & cov]$ ) ru9s ( once fl\ri%+ cities & villages2 ! mo/ fi5di% cruelty 0 practic$2 fam9e rag$ to su* a degree t ! liv+ f$ ^u ! dead2 prison]s 7 tortur$ by ! mo/ ref9$ sy/ems ( cruelty2 public edifices 7 de/roy$2 ! monum5ts ( sci5ce & ! arts p]i%$2 cruelty1 fraud1 av>ice1 murd]1 & e crime t disgraces humanity1 7 let loose ^u a wret*$ _w4 ,hi/orians seem to %udd] 9 attempt+ to picture ^! horrid sc5es1 & w\ld draw a veil ov] transactions t disgrace mank9d4 ,if f anci5t times we look at ! pres5t /ate ( ! _w1 at its pres5t mo/ ref9$ & enlight5$ p]iod1 ! same m\rnful evid5ce is discov]$4 ,cruelty & tyranny h *ang$ "s ( ! faire/ prov9ces ( ,p]sia to des]ts4 ,! ,turk long ago turn$ ! l& ( ! patri>*s & prophets to a wild]ness1 & dr5*$ ! %ores ( ,greece ) ! blood ( slaught]$ victims1 :ile ,syria1 ,kurdi/an1 & ,arm5ia = ages h be5 ravag$ ) inju/ice & rap9e4 ,*9a & ,japan h be5 %ut out f ! _w by a cold & jeal\s selfi%ness4 ,9 ,t>t>y1 ,arabia1 & ,sib]ia1 ! b>b>\s tribes are pr[l+ ab\t = plund]1 or engag$ 9 murd]\s conflicts4 ,9 ,africa1 ! ,b>b>y ,/ates are 9 p]petual commotion2 ! petty tyrants ( ,b591 ,a%antee1 & o!r int]ior /ates are wag+ ceaseless w>s1 murd]+ _! prison]s1 & adorn+ _! h\ses ) _! skulls2 & on its ravag$ coa/ ! :ite man-/eal]1 = hundr$s ( ye>s1 has be5 pr[l+1 & be>+ (f ?\s&s ( wret*es z a ye>ly (f]+ to ! av>ice ( ! mo/ ref9$ & ,*ri/ian nations on e>?4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 we h se5 ! native tribes employ$ 9 w>1 & practic+ ! mo/ fi5di% b>b>ities1 :ile 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 its m civiliz$ inhabitants are engag$ 9 con/ant political & bloody commotions4 ,9 ! isl&s ( ! ocean ?\s&s ( human be+s h be5 fight+ ea* o!r1 ?r[+ d>ts & /ones at /rang]s1 (f]+ human sacrifices1 & fea/+ on ! fle% ( _! enemies4 ,if we select ,europe = ! exhibition ( human nature z se5 "u ! re/ra9ts ( civilization1 laws1 ref9em5t1 & religion1 ! same evils bur/ =? f bonds & re/ra9ts4 ,9 ,europe1 = ages1 ! common p1 9 slav]y & ignorance1 h be5 b[+ d[n to a gr9d+ prie/hood1 or an oppressive nobility or mon>*ical tyranny4 ,incessant heav+ ( ! tr\bl$ nations port5ds desolation & dismay1 z man seems wak+ f ! slav]y ( ages to %ake (f 8 fett]s & call himself free4 ,if we look to our own boa/$ l& ( lib]ty & religion1 :at toil+ ( selfi% & discordant int]e/s--:at mean & l[-liv$ arts to ga9 honor & p[]--:at %ameful attacks on fair reputation & unblemi%$ honor--:at collisions ( p>ty-/rifes & local int]e/s6 ,"h also ! curse ( slav]y br+s ! blu% ( %ame to e hone/ man t1 f ye> to ye>1 on ! anniv]s>y ( ! national lib]ty1 he>s ! decl>ations ( rights ?is v nation is trampl+ "u foot4 ,millions ( slaves1 depriv$ ( ! be/ bless+ & ! de>e/ rights ( humanity1 are held 9 ! mo/ degrad+ bondage by a nation :o ye>ly & publicly ackn[l$ge _! p]fect & unali5able rights4 ,! same melan*oly view is no less cle>ly witness$ 9 ! op9ions & moral s5tim5ts ( mank9d4 ,! m9d ( man is =m$ to love happ9ess1 to be pleas$ ) :at promotes x1 & to dete/ t :i* t5ds to de/roy x1 yet ! long reign ( selfi%ness has seem$ to p]v]t & poison ev5 ! ta/e & moral s5tim5ts ( m54 ,:o is ! h]o sung by ! poet1 eulogiz$ by ! /atesman1 & flatt]$ by ! orator8 ,:o is x pres5t$ 9 classic language to ! gaze ( en?usia/ic *ildhood1 & pictur$ =? 9 tales ( romance to k9dl+ y\?8 ,x is ! man :o has giv5 up 8 life to ! gratification ( pride1 & ! love ( honor & fame2 ! man :o1 to ga9 ?is selfi% good1 c plunge ! sword into ! bosom ( ?\s&s1 & /& ! unpity+ spectator ( burn+ cities1 wid[$ mo!rs1 orphan *ildr51 desolat$ fields1 & ! long tra9 ( ills t he wantonly p\rs on mank9d1 t he may ga9 ! mis]able pittance ( gap+ admiration & dreadful r5[n :i* rises amid ! te>s & cries ( mank9d4 ,x is ! man :o1 :5 injur$1 kn[s n h[ to =give--^: /9t$ s\l nev] knew ! dignity & pleasure ( giv+ bless+ = ill--:o deems x ! m>k ( honor & manhood to foll[ ! example ( ! :9+ infant1 t1 :5 he is /ruck1 ) ! same noble _s w /rike back aga94 ,meantime1 ! calm =be>ance & true dignity ( virtue1 t w\ld be humbl$ at recrim9ation & c n condesc5d to retaliate1 is put 9 ! backgr\nd z unwor?y su* honors & eulogy4 ,?us1 also1 we f9d intellect1 :i* ! ,creator design$ only z ! in/rum5t ( secur+ happ9ess1 ?\gh p]v]t$ to vice & folly1 applaud$ & admir$2 & ev5 "s ( ^? admir$ z among ! wise/ ( mank9d h (t5 plac$ true virtue & goodness bel[ ! fanci$ spl5dors ( g5ius & le>n+4 ,all ! maxims1 & honors1 & employm5ts ( mank9d develop ! p]v]t$ action ( ! noble/ "p ( ! creation ( ,god 9 all its relations & 9 all its pr9ciples & pursuits4 ,x is into su* a _w z ?is t e new-born m9d is u%]$ )\t k to guide1 )\t habits to /r5g!n1 )\t ! p[] ( =m+ a rul+ purpose to d "r :i* %all control all subord9ate volitions4 ,in/ead ( meet+ p]fect educators to in/ruct 9 ! laws ( ! sy/em1 to =m good habits1 & to ex]t all ! p[]ful social1 dome/ic1 & civil influ5ces aright1 e "o ( ^! p[]ful pr9ciples are fatally wrong4 ,p>5ts1 tea*]s1 companions1 & rul]s1 to a great] or less ext5t1 tea* wrong1 tra9 wrong1 & set wrong examples1 :ile ! :ole moral atmosph]e is contam9at$ & p>alyz+4 ,9 ^! circum/ances1 x is z impossible = a "y m9d to comm5ce exi/5ce "h ) p]fect ob$i5ce to law1 & to cont9ue ?r\gh life 9 a c\rse ( p]fect rectitude1 z x is = x1 by its feeble w1 to regulate ! w9ds ( heav51 or turn back ! tides ( ! ocean4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,wrong ,,action ,,( ,,m9d1 ,,& ,,its ,,results ,,9 ,a ,,future ,,/ate4 ,we are n[ to inquire z to ! results ( ! wrong action ( m9d 9 a future /ate1 s f> z reason & exp]i5ce c furni% data = any anticipations4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9ciples ( m9d f :i* we reason on ?is subject4 ,x appe>s t its con/itution is su* t ! repetition ( "o p>ticul> mode ( secur+ happ9ess induces a habit2 & t ! long] a habit cont9ues1 ! m p[]ful is its =ce4 ,an e>ly habit ( selfi%ness is always =m$ 9 ! human m9d1 & ! p5alties foll[+ f self-indulg5ce & selfi%ness are n suffici5t to prev5t ! cont9u$ increase ( ?is habit4 ,?\gh m51 f ! v beg9n+ ( exi/5ce1 feel t !y are happi] 9 obey+ ! dictates ( consci5ce1 & t increase ( guilt is increase ( sorr[1 yet ?is does n save !m1 9 numb]less cases1 f increas+ evil habits4 ,x is also e/abli%$ by exp]i5ce t1 :5 a /rong habit is =m$1 ! m]e decisions ( ! w are n suffici5t = an imm$iate rem$y4 ,9 ?is life1 x requires a p]iod ( long & pa9ful ef=ts ( ! w to rectify an e/abli%$ habit4 ,e human be+ is consci\s h[ difficult x is to =ce ! m5tal & bodily faculties to obey its decisions :5 contr>y to ! /ream ( a long-indulg$ habit4 ,!re are few :o h n ei!r exp]i5c$ or witness$ ! angui% ( _s t has foll[$ ! violations ( solemn resolutions1 ^? firme/ decisions ( ! w1 9 ! conte/ betwe5 habit & consci5ce4 ,ano!r pr9ciple ( m9d is ?is1 t :5 selfi%ness & crime h be5 long indulg$1 ! natural con/itution ( m9d seems *ang$1 s t inflict+ evil on o!rs is s\ght z an enjoym5t4 ,9 illu/ration ( ?is1 x is relat$ ( ,antio*us ,epiphanes t1 9 8 w>s ) ! ,jews1 aft] all opposition _h ceas$1 & all dang] & cause ( fe> 0 remov$1 he de/roy$ ?\s&s = ! m]e pleasure ( see+ !m but*]$4 ,an anecdote is relat$ ( him1 too horrible to record 9 all its p>ticul>s1 :]e he sat & fea/$ 8 eyes on ! suff]+s ( a "m & h] sev5 sons1 :5 ! p>5t 0 doom$ to witness ! infliction ( ! mo/ excruciat+ & protract$ tortures on ea* ( h] sev5 *ildr51 & !n 0 tortur$ to dea? h]self4 ,x is record$ ( ,mu/apha1 "o ( ! ,turki% sultans1 t by honorable capitulations he ga9$ ! p]son ( a brave ,v5etian comm&] call$ ,bragad9o1 :o 0 def5d+ 8 c\ntry f ! cruelty ( invad]s4 ,aft] hav+ promis$ him honorable protection1 he ord]$ him1 b\nd h& & foot1 to behold ! massacre ( 8 soldi]s1 !n caus$ 8 p]son to be cut & mutilat$ 9 ! mo/ horrible mann]1 & !n taunt$ him z a wor%ip] ( ,*ri/1 :o c\ld n save 8 s]vants4 ,:5 recov]$ ( 8 w\nds1 he oblig$ him to c>ry load$ buckets ( e>? be=e ! army1 & kiss ! gr\nd :5ev] he pass$ 8 b>b>\s torm5tor4 ,he !n _h him hung 9 a cage1 to be torm5t$ by 8 own soldi]s1 :o 7 *a9$ z galley-slaves1 t !y might be agoniz$ by ! indignities & suff]+s ( _! v5]at$ comm&]4 ,aft] ! mo/ protract$ suff]+s & indignities 9 ! public place1 at ! s\nd ( music he 0 flay$ alive4 ,! hi/ory ( "s ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 ev5 ( "s :o1 9 e>ly *ildhood & y\?1 7 g5tle1 amiable1 & k9d1 pres5ts ! same horrible picture4 ,n]o set fire to ,rome1 & dress$ ! ,*ri/ians 9 g>m5ts ( flam+ pit*1 to run ab\t 8 g>d5 = 8 amusem5t4 ,tib]ius torm5t$ 8 subjects1 & murd]$ !m 9 cruel pangs1 to gratify 8 love ( suff]+1 :ile ,caligula but*]$ 8 p = amusem5t ) 8 own h&4 ,! m9d turns ) horror f su* revolt+ sc5es1 & asks if x is possible human nature n[ c be s p]v]t$ & debas$4 ,b ?is is ! humiliat+ record ( "s ( ! amusem5ts1 ev5 ( our own c\ntrym51 t h occurr$ 9 "s p>ts ( ?is ref9$ & ,*ri/ian nation4 ,_m ( ! int]ludes are fill$ up ) a box+ mat*1 :i* becomes memorable by feats ( g\g+4 ,:5 two box]s are we>i$ ) fight+ & bruis+ ea* o!r1 !y come to close qu>t]s1 ea* endeavor+ to twi/ 8 =ef+] into ! e>locks ( 8 antagoni/4 ,:5 !y are ?us fa/ cl5*$1 ! ?umbs are ext5d$1 & bo? ! eyes are turn$ out ( _! sockets4 ,! victor is hail$ ) %\ts ( applause f ! sport+ ?rong1 :ile 8 poor antagoni/1 ?us bl9d$ = life1 is laugh$ at = 8 mis=tune4 ,"o v /rik+ fact be>+ on ?is subject has be5 e/abli%$ by exp]i5ce1 & t is1 t extreme suff]+1 ei!r m5tal or bodily1 t5ds to awak5 ! desire to inflict evil ^u o!r m9ds4 ,?is is probably "o mode ( acc\nt+ = ! increas$ cruelty ( ! ,roman emp]ors4 ,z ! p[]s ( enjoym5t dim9i%$ by abuse1 & ! horrors ( guilt h>ass$ _! spirits1 ?is dreadful desire to torm5t o!rs 0 awak5$4 ,!re are _m undisput$ facts to e/abli% ! pr9ciple t extreme suff]+ is ! cause ( t]rible malignity4 ,! foll[+ is f a /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,byron1 :o 0 %ipwreck$ on ! coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica3 ,s t]rible 0 ! sc5e ( foam+ break]s1 t "o ( ! brave/ m5 c\ld n help express+ 8 dismay1 say+ x 0 too %ock+ to be>4 ,9 ?is dreadful situation malignant passions began to appe>4 ,! crew grew extremely riot\s1 & fell to beat+ e ?+ 9 _! way1 & broke op5 *e/s & cab9s = plund] t c\ld be ( no use4 ,s e>ne/ 7 !y 9 ?is wantonness ( !ft1 t 9 ! morn+ a /rangl$ corpse 0 f\nd ( "o :o _h conte/$ ! spoil4 ,a /ill m t]rible picture is giv5 9 an acc\nt ( ! loss ( ! ,m$usa frigate on ! coa/ ( ,africa4 ,9 ! mid/ ( dreadful suff]+ f cold1 dang]1 & fam9e1 x is record$ t a _s ( s$ition arose & manife/$ itself by furi\s %\ts4 ,! soldi]s & sailors began to cut ! ropes1 & decl>$ _! int5tion ( murd]+ ! (fic]s4 ,ab\t midnight1 !y ru%$ on ! (fic]s l desp]ate m51 ea* hav+ a knife or sabre1 & su* 0 _! fury t !y tore _! clo!s & _! fle% ) _! tee?4 ,! next morn+ ! raft 0 /rew$ ) dead bodies4 ,! succe$+ night 0 pass$ 9 simil> horrors1 & ! morn+ sun saw twelve m lifeless bodies4 ,! next night ( suff]+ 0 att5d$ ) a horrid massacre1 & ?us x cont9u$ till only fifte5 rema9$ ( ! :ole "o hundr$ & fifty6 ,ano!r pr9ciple ( m9d hav+ a be>+ on ?is subject is ! fact t ^? qualities ( m9d :i* are ! causes ( enjoym5t 9 o!rs ar\nd may be view$ ) only pa9 & dislike by a selfi% p]son4 ,?us intellectual sup]iority1 9 itself consid]$1 is a delightful object ( contemplation2 b if x becomes ! means ( degradation or ( contemptu\s comp>ison to a selfi% m9d1 x is view$ ) unm+l$ pa94 ,b5evol5ce & tru? are objects ( delightful contemplation to all m9ds :5 disconnect$ ) obligations or pa9ful comp>isons1 b if !y are view$ z causes ( evil to a selfi% m9d1 x w view !m ) unm+l$ dislike & hatr$4 ,n[ we f9d t !re are two classes ( m9ds 9 ?is _w3 ^? :o are m or less b5evol5t1 & f9d _! happ9ess 9 liv+ to promote ! g5]al int]e/s ( _! fell[-be+s1 & ^? :o are selfi%1 & are liv+ to promote _! own enjoym5t irrespective ( ! g5]al happ9ess4 ,if1 !n1 we reason f ! kn[n laws ( m9d & f pa/ exp]i5ce1 we mu/ suppose t ! habits ( m9d :i* are exi/+ 9 ?is life w cont9ue to increase1 & if ! m9d is immortal1 a "t mu/ come :5 "o class w become p]fectly b5evol5t & ! o!r p]fectly selfi%4 ,a community ( p]fectly b5evol5t be+s1 x has be5 %[n1 w\ld1 f ! v nature & con/itution ( m9d1 be a p]fectly happy community4 ,e s\rce ( enjoym5t ( :i* m9d is capable w\ld be secur$ by e individual4 ,x c be se51 also1 t !re mu/1 9 ! nature ( ! case1 be an entire sep>ation betwe5 two su* opposite classes2 = x is z pa9ful = m9ds suff]+ f consci\s guilt1 %ame1 & malignity1 to look ^u purity1 b5evol5ce1 & happ9ess1 z x is = ! virtu\s to associate ) ! selfi%1 ! debas$1 & ! ab&on$4 ,?is sep>ation1 !re=e1 w\ld be a volunt>y "o on bo? sides1 ev5 did we suppose no int]f]5ce ( ,deity4 ,b if ! ,creator cont9ues 8 pres5t con/itution ( ?+s1 we may inf] t 8 p[] w\ld be ex]t$ to prev5t ! intrusion ( malignity into a p]fect & well-ord]$ community2 = he has s con/itut$ ?+s "h1 t ^? :o are incorrigible pe/s to society are conf9$ f int]f]+ ) its int]e/s4 ,f ! laws ( m9d1 !n1 & f pa/ exp]i5ce z to ! t5d5cies ( ?+s1 we c e/abli% ! position t1 at "s future p]iod1 if ! m9d ( man is immortal1 ! human race w be p]man5tly divid$ into two classes1 ! p]fectly selfi% & ! p]fectly b5evol5t4 ,%\ld x be object$ to ?is conclusion t :5 ! m9d passes into ano!r _w m effectual motives may be br\ght to op]ate1 x may be repli$ t x is n ! (fice ( reason to meet suppositions ( possibilities1 b to %[ :at ! probabilities are by d$uctions f pr9ciples already kn[n4 ,a ?\s& possibilities may be ass]t$1 su* z ! annihilation ( m9d or ! alt]ation ( its p[]s1 b ^! are m]e suppositions1 & h no?+ to d ) ! conclusions ( reason4 ,if m9d is immortal & cont9ues its pres5t nature1 habits w cont9ue to /r5g!n2 & 9 reg>d to motives1 we "k already t ! fe> ( evil consequ5ces w n save f cont9uance 9 crime4 ,h[ (t5 has a man :o has yield$ to habits ( guilt be5 se5 wri?+ 9 ! agonies ( remorse1 long+ to free himself f ! t]rible evils he has drawn ar\nd him1 ackn[l$g+ ! mis]y ( 8 c\rse & 8 ability to return to virtue1 & yet1 ) bitt] angui%1 yield+ to ! =ce ( invet]ate habits & despair+ ( any rem$y4 ,we "k1 also1 t x is a pr9ciple e/abli%$ by long exp]i5ce1 t puni%m5t does n t5d to s(t5 & re=m4 ,:]e is ! h>d5$ culprit t 0 ev] br\ght to rep5tance & re=mation by la%es or ! infliction ( degradation8 ,su* means s]ve only to h>d5 & brutify4 ,exp]i5ce =bids ! hope t puni%m5t w ev] re/ore a selfi% & guilty m9d to virtue & peace4 ,reason & exp]i5ce1 !n1 bo? lead to ! conclusion t ! two classes ( m9ds into :i* mank9d are "h divid$ w1 on leav+ ?is _w1 ev5tually become two p]man5tly di/9ct communities--"o p]fectly selfi%1 & ! o!r p]fectly b5evol5t4 ,:at1 !n1 w\ld reason & exp]i5ce tea* u z to ! probable situation ( a community ( m9ds con/itut$ l ^? ( ! human race1 :o1 9 ! progress ( future ages1 %all e/abli% habits ( p]fect selfi%ness & crime8 ,9 reg>d to ! ,creator1 :at may we suppose w be ! feel+s ( su* m9ds8 ,if he is a b5evol5t1 pure1 & p]fectly happy be+1 & 8 p[] is ex]t$ to conf9e !m f inflict+ evil on ! good1 he w be ! object ( unm+l$ & torm5t+ envy1 hatr$1 & spite2 = :5 a selfi% m9d beholds a be+ ) *>act]i/ics :i* exhibit its own vil5ess 9 pa9ful contra/1 & us+ 8 p[] to oppose its desires1 :at might 9 o!r circum/ances give pleasure w only be cause ( pa94 ,if !y behold1 also1 ! purity & happ9ess ( t community ( b5evol5t be+s f :i* !y w be )drawn1 ! same baleful passions w be awak5$ 9 view ( _! excell5ce & enjoym5t4 ,!re is no suff]+ ( ! m9d m dread$ & avoid$ ?an t ( %ame4 ,x is probable a guilty creature nev] wri!s "u ke5] burn+s ( _s ?an :5 all 8 c\rse ( meanness1 bas5ess1 +ratitude1 & guilt is unveil$ 9 ! pres5ce ( dignifi$ virtue1 honor1 & purity1 & ! )]+ glance ( pity1 contempt1 & abhorr5ce is enc\nt]$4 ,?is feel+ mu/ be exp]i5c$1 to its full ext5t1 by e memb] ( su* a wret*$ community4 ,ea* mu/ feel himself an object ( loa?+ & contempt to e pure & b5evol5t m9d1 z well z to all ^? :o are equally debas$4 ,ano!r cause ( suff]+ is ungratifi$ desire4 ,9 ?is _w1 p]fect mis]y & full happ9ess is seldom contra/$4 ,b 9 su* circum/ances1 if we suppose t ! happ9ess ( bless$ m9ds w be kn[n1 ! ke5e/ pangs ( ungratifi$ desire mu/ torm5t4 ,e m9d w "k :at is ! pure delight ( yield$ & reciprocat$ affection1 ( sympa?y 9 ! happ9ess ( o!rs1 ( ! sweet peace ( consci\s rectitude1 & ( ! delightful consci\sness ( conf]r+ bliss on o!rs1 :ile ! ceaseless crav+s ( hopeless desire w agonize ! _s4 ,ano!r cause ( suff]+ is f\nd 9 ! loss ( enjoym5t4 ,9 su* a degrad$ & selfi% community1 all ties ( c\ntry1 k9dr$1 fri5d%ip1 & love mu/ cease4 ,yet all w "k :at 7 ! ende>m5ts ( home1 ! mild soo?+s ( mat]nal love1 ! ties ( frat]nal sympa?y1 & all ! tru/ & t5d]ness ( fri5d%ip & love4 ,:at vani%$ bless+ ( e>? w\ld n rise up1 ) all ! sweetness & fre%ness t agoniz+ memory c br+1 to aggravate ! loss ( all6 ,b ! m9d is s made t1 h[ev] wick$ itself1 guilt & selfi%ness 9 o!rs is hat$ & despis$4 ,su* a company1 !n1 might be describ$ z ^? :o 7 hateful & hat+ "o ano!r4 ,x has be5 %[n t bo? suff]+ & selfi%ness awak5 ! desire to torm5t o!rs4 ,?is1 !n1 w be ! dete/$ purpose ( e malignant m9d4 ,e action t c\ld irritate1 mortify1 & enrage1 w\ld be delib]ately practic$1 :ile disappo9t$ hopes1 & bla/$ desires1 & agoniz+ mis]y w\ld alone awak5 ! smile ( horrible delight4 ,& if we suppose su* m9ds 9 a future /ate reclo!d 9 a body1 ) all ! pres5t susceptibilities ( suff]+1 & surr\nd$ by mat]ial elem5ts t may be m9i/]s ( hate1 :at m9d c conceive ! t]ror & *aos ( a _w :]e e "o is actuat$ by a desire to torm5t8 ,suppose ^! be+s _h arriv$ at only su* a degree ( selfi%ness z has be5 witness$ 9 ?is _w2 su*1 = example1 z ,g5ghis ,khan1 :o caus$ un(f5d+ prison]s to be p\nd$ to dea? ) bricks 9 a mort>2 or ,n]o1 :o dress$ ! h>mless ,*ri/ians 9 flam+ pit* = 8 amusem5t2 or ,antio*us ,epiphanes & ,mu/apha1 :o sp5t _! "t 9 devis+ & execut+ ! mo/ excruciat+ tortures on ^? :o c\ld d !m no injury4 ,:at malignity & baleful passions w\ld actuate su* m9ds1 :5 !mselves torm5t$ by o!rs ar\nd1 b]eft ( all hope1 & ) no?+ to int]e/ !m b plans ( torm5t & rev5ge6 ,:at ref9$ sy/ems ( cruelty w\ld be devis$ 9 su* a _w6 :at t]rific comb9ations ( ! elem5ts to t]rify & di/ress6 ,if su* objects z ! lake :i* burne? ) fire & brim/one1 & ! worm t nev] dies1 c\ld be f\nd1 no ,almighty h& w\ld ne$ to int]f]e1 :ile ! smoke ( _! torm5t w\ld arise f flames ( _! own k9dl+4 ,to fe>ful suff]+s ?us inflict$ w\ld be add$ ! pangs ( agitat+ fe>2 = :]e all ar\nd 7 plott+ mis]y1 :at relief1 by day or by night1 f its )]+ t]rors8 ,!n surely fe> w\ld come ^u !m l desolation1 & de/ruction z a :irlw9d4 ,ano!r cause ( suff]+ is inactivity ( body & m9d4 ,x has be5 se5 t ! desire ( good is :at gives activity to ! intellectual & moral p[]s4 ,9 su* a _w1 no good c\ld be hop$ or s\ght1 b ! gratification ( inflict+ ill4 ,& ev5 a malignant m9d mu/ (t5 we>y 9 ?is pursuit1 & s9k "u all ! weight & mis]y ( t awful dea? ( ! s\l1 :51 9 torpid inactivity1 x has no?+ to love1 no?+ to hope1 no?+ to desire6 ,ano!r cause ( mis]y is ! consci\sness ( guilt2 & su*1 ev5 9 ?is life1 h be5 ! agonies ( remorse1 t te>+ ! hair1 bruis+ ! body1 & ev5 gnaw+ ! fle% h be5 resort$ to z a tempor>y relief f its pangs4 ,:at1 !n1 w\ld be its agoniz+ ?roes 9 bosoms t live b to torm5t & to de/roy all good to !mselves & to o!r m9ds8 ,9 ?is life1 :]e we c all[ ! m9d to be engross$ by o!r pursuits1 & :]e we c ?us =m a habit ( suppress+ & avoid+ emotions ( guilt1 ! consci5ce may be se>$4 ,b x c\ld n be ?us :5 all engag+ & *e]ful pursuits 7 end$ =ev]4 ,!n ! m9d w\ld view its folly1 & %ame1 & guilt 9 all _! l5g? & bread?1 & f9d no escape f ! s\l-h>r[+ gaze4 ,to ^! mis]ies mu/ be add$ despair--! loss ( all hope4 ,"h hope comes to all2 b1 9 su* a community1 t fe>ful susceptibility ( ! s\l--t t]rific p[] ( habit--w\ld b9d 9 *a9s :i* w\ld be felt to be /rong] ?an brass & heavi] ?an iron4 ,if ! _s is consci\s t its p[]s are immortal1 ) ?is consci\sness w\ld come ! despair+ c]ta9ty ( increas+ & nev]-end+ woe6 ,?is t]rify+ & he>t-r5d+ picture1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is ! d$uction ( reason1 & :o c po9t out its fallacy8 ,is n habit appall+ 9 its p[]1 & (ttimes1 ev5 9 ?is life1 invet]ate 9 its hold8 ,are n habits increas$ by p]petual repetition8 ,is n ! m9d ( man immortal8 ,d n ! t5d5cies ( ?is life indicate a p]iod :5 a total sep>ation ( selfi% & b5evol5t m9ds w be _! own volunt>y *oice8 ,if all ! com=ts1 g5tle ende>m5ts1 & ! enliv5+ hopes ( ?is life2 if all ! re/ra9ts ( self-int]e/1 family1 c\ntry1 & laws2 if 9 ,*ri/ian l&s ! (f]s ( heav51 & ! fe>ful pr$ictions ( et]nal woe2 if ! m]cy & p>don1 & all ! love & pity ( our ,creator & ,r$eem]1 nei!r by fe>1 nor by gratitude1 nor by love1 c turn a selfi% m9d1 :at hope ( its recov]y :5 x goes a /rang] into a _w ( spirits1 to soj\rn 9 t society :i*1 accord+ to its moral habits1 x mu/ volunt>ily seek8 ,& if !re exi/s a community ( su* selfi% be+s1 c language portray1 ) any adequacy1 ! appall+ results t mu/ necess>ily ensue8 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,creator4 ,! prec$+ pages h exhibit$ ! nature ( m9d1 ! object ( its =mation1 ! "r mode ( action to secure ?is object1 & ! causes & results ( its "r & wrong action1 z indicat$ by reason & exp]i5ce4 ,we are n[ furni%$ ) f>!r data to guide u 9 reg>d to ! "* ( our ,creator1 z we seek x by ! light ( reason alone4 ,we h se51 9 ! *apt] on intuitive tru?s1 t by ! fir/ ( ^! pr9ciples we arrive at ! k ( "s et]nal ,fir/ ,cause ( all f9ite ?+s4 ,by ano!r ( ^! pr9ciples we d$uce c]ta9 p>ticul>s 9 reg>d to 8 "* z exhibit$ ?r\gh 8 works4 ,?is pr9ciple is ?us express$3 ,design is evid5ce ( an intellig5t cause1 & ! nature ( a design proves ! "* & int5tion ( ! au?or4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to %[ h[ mu* mu/ be includ$ 9 ?is tru?4 ,our only idea ( an intellig5t cause is t ( a m9d l our own4 ,?is be+ s1 we assume t we are in/ruct$1 by ! v con/itution ( our own m9ds1 t our ,creator is a be+ end[$ ) intellect1 susceptibilities1 & w1 & a "p ( ^! susceptibilities are ^? includ$ 9 our moral con/itution4 ,?is moral nature1 :i* we are ?us l$ to ascribe to our ,creator1 includes1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! exi/5ce ( a feel+ t :atev] less5s or de/roys happ9ess is unfitt$ to ! sy/em ( ! univ]se1 & t volunt>y sacrifice & suff]+ to pur*ase ! highe/ possible happ9ess is fitt$ to or 9 accordance ) ! et]nal nature ( ?+s4 ,next1 we are ?us taught t 9 ! ,et]nal ,m9d is exi/+ t s5se ( ju/ice :i* involves ! desire ( good to ! au?or ( good1 & ( evil to ! au?or ( evil1 :i* requires t su* retributions be proportion$ to ! good & evil done1 & to ! volunt>y p[] ( ! ag5t4 ,la/ly1 we are ?us in/ruct$ t ! ,au?or ( all creat$ ?+s possesses t susceptibility call$ consci5ce1 :i* includes1 9 ! v con/itution ( m9d itself1 retributions = "r & wrong actions4 ,b :ile we ?us assume t ! m9d ( ! ,creator is1 s f> z we c conceive1 precisely l our own 9 con/itutional organization1 we are z necess>ily l$ to p]ceive t ! ext5t ( ^! p[]s is f> beyond our own4 ,a m9d ) ! p[]1 wisdom1 & goodness exhibit$ 9 ! v small portion ( 8 works submitt$ to our inspection1 :o has inhabit$ et]nity1 & develop$ & matur$ ?r\gh ev]la/+ ages--our m9ds are lo/ 9 attempt+ any conception ( ! ext5t ( su* inf9ite faculties6 ,b we h ano!r intuitive tru? to aid 9 our d$uctions4 ,x is t by :i* we inf] ! cont9uance ( a uni=mity 9 our exp]i5ce2 t is1 we necess>ily believe t ?+s w cont9ue z !y are & h be51 unless !re is evid5ce to ! contr>y4 ,n[ all pa/ exp]i5ce z to ! nature ( m9d has be5 uni=m4 ,e m9d kn[n to u is end[$ ) intellect1 susceptibility1 & w1 l our own4 ,s mu* is ?is ! case1 t :5 any ( ^! are want+ 9 a human be+1 we say he has lo/ 8 m9d4 ,aga93 all our exp]i5ce ( m9d involves ! idea ( ! mutual relation ( m9ds4 ,we p]ceive t m9ds are made to mat* to o!r m9ds1 s t !re c be no complete action ( m9d1 accord+ to its manife/ design1 except 9 relation to o!r be+s4 ,a m9d c n love till !re is ano!r m9d to call =? su* emotion4 ,a m9d c n br+ a ti! ( its p[] into appropriate action except 9 a community ( m9ds4 ,! conception ( a solit>y be+1 ) all ! social p[]s & sympa?ies ( ! human m9d inf9itely enl>g$1 & yet )\t any sympa?iz+ m9d to mat* & meet !m1 involves ! highe/ idea ( unfitness & imp]fection conceivable4 ,?us x is t pa/ exp]i5ce ( ! nature ( m9d leads to ! inf]5ce t no m9d has exi/$ f all et]nity 9 solitude1 b t !re is m ?an "o et]nal1 uncreat$ m9d1 & t all _! p[]s ( enjoym5t f giv+ & receiv+ happ9ess 9 social relations h be5 9 ex]cise f et]nal ages4 ,?is is ! j & natural d$uction ( reason & exp]i5ce1 z truly z ! d$uction t !re is at lea/ "o et]nal ,fir/ ,cause4 ,x has be5 argu$ t ! unity ( design 9 ! works ( nature proves t !re is b "o creat+ m9d4 ,?is is n s1 = 9 all our exp]i5ce ( ! creations ( f9ite be+s no great design 0 ev] =m$ )\t a comb9ation ( m9ds1 bo? to plan & to execute4 ,! majority ( m9ds 9 all ages1 bo? hea!n & ,*ri/ian1 h always conceiv$ ( ! ,creator z 9 "s way exi/+ s z to involve ! ideas ( plurality & ( ! love & communion ( "o m9d ) ano!r4 ,)\t a revelation1 also1 we h ! means ( arriv+ at ! conclusion t ! ,creator ( all ?+s is n only a m9d organiz$ j l our own1 b t he always has & always w feel & act "r4 ,we inf] ?is f bo? 8 social & 8 moral con/itution2 = he mu/1 z our own m9ds d1 desire ! love1 rev]5ce1 & confid5ce ( 8 creatures4 ,! fact t he has made !m to love tru?1 ju/ice1 b5evol5ce1 & self-sacrific+ virtue is evid5ce t he has & w exhibit ^! & all o!r excell5ces t call =? affection4 ,b we h /ill /rong] evid5ce4 ,we h se5 all ! causes t exp]i5ce has taught z ! lead+ to ! wrong action ( m9d4 ,^! are necess>ily exclud$ f our conceptions ( ! ,creator4 ,! ,et]nal ,m9d c n err = want ( k1 nor = want ( habits ( "r action1 nor = want ( tea*]s & educators1 nor = want ( ^? social influ5ces :i* g5]ate & su/a9 a "r gov]n+ purpose2 = an inf9ite m9d1 t nev] _h a beg9n+1 c n h ^! modes ( exp]i5ce :i* app]ta9 to new-born & f9ite creatures4 ,aga93 we h se5 t x is "o ( ! implant$ pr9ciples ( reason t no rational m9d w *oose evil )\t hope ( comp5sat+ good4 ,su* is ! et]nal sy/em ( ! univ]se1 z we le>n x by ! light ( reason1 t ! highe/ possible happ9ess to ea* individual m9d & to ! :ole commonweal? is promot$ by ! "r action ( e m9d 9 t sy/em4 ,?is1 ( necessity1 is se5 & felt by ! ,all-creat+ & ,et]nal ,m9d1 & to suppose t1 ) ?is k1 he w\ld ev] *oose wrong is to suppose t he w\ld *oose pure evil1 & ?is is contr>y to an intuitive tru?4 ,x is to suppose ! ,creator w\ld d :at he has =m$ our m9ds to believe to be impossible 9 any rational m9d4 ,x is to suppose t ! ,creator w\ld d t :i*1 if done by human be+s1 m>ks !m z insane4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,on ,,p]fect ,,& ,,imp]fect ,,m9ds4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to inquire 9 reg>d to :at con/itutes a p]fect m9d4 ,?is "q relates1 9 ! fir/ place1 to ! p]fect con/itutional organization ( m9d1 &1 9 ! next place1 to ! p]fect action ( m9d4 ,9 reg>d to a f9ite m9d1 :5 we inquire z to its p]fection 9 organization1 we are necess>ily re/rict$ to ! "q ( ! object or end = :i* x is made4 ,any contrivance 9 m9d or matt] is p]fect :5 x is s =m$ t1 if work$ accord+ to its design1 x completely fulfills ! end = :i* x is made1 s t !re is no way 9 :i* x c\ld be improv$4 ,x is "h claim$1 !n1 t by ! light ( reason alone we fir/ ga9 ! object = :i* m9d is made1 & !n arrive at ! conclusion t ! m9d ( man is p]fect 9 con/ruction1 because1 if work$ accord+ to its design1 x w\ld completely fulfill ! end = :i* x is made1 s t !re is no conceivable way 9 :i* x c\ld be improv$4 ,?is position c n be controv]t$ except by pres5t+ evid5ce t "s o!r organization ( ! m9d w\ld produce1 9 an et]nal & inf9ite sy/em1 m good ) less evil ?an ! pres5t "o4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,et]nal ,m9d1 ! only /&>d ( p]fection 9 organization t we c conceive ( is reveal$ 9 our own m9d4 ,e ?+ 9 our own m9ds--e ?+ ar\nd u--e ?+ we h kn[n 9 pa/ exp]i5ce1 is design$ to produce ! mo/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,we c n conceive ( any be+ z wise1 or j1 or good1 b z he acts to promote t end4 ,a m9d organiz$ l our own1 ) faculties inf9itely enl>g$1 :o always has & always w su/a9 a controll+ purpose to act "r1 is ! only idea we c h ( an all-p]fect ,creator4 ,b on ! subject ( ! p]fect action ( f9ite m9ds x is p]ceiv$ t ref]5ce mu/ always be _h to volunt>y p[] & its limitations4 ,we h %[n t ! implant$ susceptibility1 call$ ! s5se ( ju/ice1 dem&s t ! rew>ds & p5alties = good & evil h ref]5ce to ! k & p[] ( a volunt>y ag5t2 t is to say1 x is contr>y to our moral nature volunt>ily to inflict p5alties = wrong action on a be+ :o ei!r has no p[] to "k :at "r is1 or no p[] to d x4 ,we revolt f su* inflictions ) in/9ctive abhorr5ce1 z unfit & contr>y to ! design ( all ?+s4 ,s1 9 =m+ our judgm5t ( ! ,creator1 :5 we reg>d him z p]fectly j1 ! idea implies t he w nev] volunt>ily inflict evil = wrong action on be+s :o h n ! k or p[] to act "r4 ,"h we are aga9 =c$ to ! assumption ( "s et]nal nature ( ?+s indep5d5t ( ! ,creator's w1 by :i* ignorant & helpless creatures are expos$ to suff]+ f wrong action :5 !y h no p[] ( any k9d to act "r4 ,= we see su* suff]+ actually does exi/1 & !re are b two suppositions possible4 ,! "o is1 t x results f ! ,creator's volunt>y acts1 & ! o!r1 t x is inh]5t 9 t et]nal nature ( ?+s :i* ! ,creator c no m alt] ?an he c de/roy 8 own necess>y & et]nal exi/5ce4 ,9 judg+ ( ! p]fect action ( f9ite m9ds1 we are oblig$ to reg>d ! "q 9 two relations4 ,9 ! prim>y relation we h ref]5ce to actions :i*1 9 all ! inf9ite relations ( a va/ & et]nal sy/em ( free ag5ts1 are fitt$ to secure ! mo/ possible good ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,9 ?is relation1 s f> z we c judge by exp]i5ce & reason1 no f9ite be+ ev] did or ev] c act p]fectly f ! fir/ to ! la/ ( its volitions4 ,9 ?is relation1 e human be+ is c]ta9ly1 necess>ily1 & inevitably imp]fect 9 action4 ,b :5 ! "q ( p]fection 9 action simply has ref]5ce to ! k & p[] ( ! volunt>y ag5t1 we come to ano!r result4 ,9 ?is relation1 any m9d acts p]fectly :5 x =ms a rul+ purpose to feel & act "r 9 all ?+s1 :5 x takes all possible means ( le>n+ :at is "r1 & :5 x actually c>ries out ?is purpose1 s f> z x has k & p[]4 ,if a human m9d is1 z has be5 %[n1 p]fect 9 t organization ( its p[]s = :i* ! ,creator is responsible1 & !n =ms & c>ries out su* a rul+ purpose1 x is1 s f> z we c le>n )\t revelation1 z p]fect 9 action z is possible 9 ! nature ( ?+s2 t is to say1 x volunt>ily acts to promote ! greate/ possible good ) ! lea/ possible evil z entirely z is possible1 & z really z does ! ,creator1 :o himself is limit$ by ! nature ( ?+s4 ,x is z impossible = a f9ite m9d to act "r1 :5 x does n "k :at "r is1 z x is = ! ,et]nal ,m9d to make & su/a9 a sy/em 9 :i* !re has be5 & nev] w be any wrong action to cause pa9 to himself & to o!r m9ds4 ,:at1 !n1 s f> z we c le>n )\t a revelation1 is a p]fect m9d 9 su* a sy/em ( ?+s z we f9d 9 ?is _w8 ,x is a m9d con/itut$ l our own1 :i* has =m$ a rul+ purpose to feel & act "r 9 all ?+s1 :i* takes all possible means 9 its rea* to le>n :at is "r1 & :i* actually c>ries out ?is purpose to ! ext5t ( its p[]4 ,9 %ort] t]ms1 9 ?is relation e human m9d is p]fect1 bo? 9 con/itution & 9 action1 s long z x acts z ne> "r z is 9 its pres5t p[]4 ,at ! same "t1 9 relation to ! inf9ite & et]nal /&>d ( rectitude1 its action may be v imp]fect4 ,we next inquire z to ! evid5ce ( a p]fect m9d 9 ?is second>y relation2 t is to say1 h[ c we "k :5 a m9d does rea* ! full measure ( its p[] 9 volunt>y "r action8 ,9 reg>d to ?is we h two s\rces ( evid5ce3 fir/1 ! m5tal consci\sness ( ! act+ m9d itself1 &1 next1 ! results ( its action4 ,9 reg>d to ! fir/1 e m9d1 9 ref]5ce ei!r to its m5tal /ates or ext]nal de$s1 c h z mu* c]ta9ty z to ! ext5t ( its p[] z x c ( any ?+4 ,if we *oose to feel 9 a giv5 way1 or to p]=m a giv5 act1 & :at we *oose does n foll[1 we are c]ta9 we h no p[] to d ! ?+4 ,all ! idea ( p[] we h is t volition is foll[$ by ! result *os54 ,all ! idea we h ( want ( p[] is t ! result *os5 does n foll[ ! volition4 ,e m9d1 !n1 9 reg>d to e specific volition1 has ! mo/ p]fect ( all evid5ce z to ! ext5t ( its p[]s 9 its own exp]i5ce4 ,b ! "q is a m difficult "o 9 ref]5ce to a g5]ic gov]n+ volition4 ,a p]fectly act+ m9d1 accord+ to our def9ition1 is "o t has =m$ a g5]ic gov]n+ volition to feel & act "r 9 all respects2 t is1 x decides t ! *ief end ( exi/5ce %all be to promote ! greate/ possible happ9ess ) ! lea/ possible evil1 9 ob$i5ce to all1 physical1 social1 & moral laws ( ! ,creator1 s f> z x is )9 ! rea* ( its p[]s4 ,n[1 z to ?is simple act ( *oice1 a m9d c h ! highe/ possible evid5ce 9 its own consci\sness4 ,! only "q ( difficulty w\ld be z to ! ext5t ( its p[]s to c>ry out ?is decision1 & ! correspond5ce ( all its subord9ate volitions ) ?is g5]ic purpose4 ,to asc]ta9 ! tru? on ?is po9t1 let u suppose a m9d t has ! highe/ evid5ce 7t ( int]nal consci\sness7 t x has =m$ su* a purpose4 ,!n comes a case :]e a subord9ate decision is to be made--say x relates to ! exi/5ce ( a c]ta9 feel+ or emotion1 su* z love1 fe>1 gratitude1 or sorr[4 ,x has be5 %[n t ^! emotions are n to be evok$ into exi/5ce by a simple act ( w4 ,! mode by :i* ! m9d controls its own desires & emotions is set =? on page #afb4 ,if1 !n1 ! p]son *ooses to d all t is 9 its p[] at ! giv5 "t to awak5 ^! emotions1 its action is p]fect 9 ?is respect3 x has fulfill$ ! measure ( its p[]4 ,x rea*es ! limit ( its p[] :5 x c f9d no?+ m t an act ( *oice w secure t x p]ceives w t5d to accompli% ! end *os54 ,t is to say1 at ea* giv5 mom5t1 :5 a m9d is aim+ to "k :at is "r1 & to d x1 if x has done all x p]ceives c be done by any act ( w t[>d ?is end1 !n its decision or m5tal action is p]fect2 x is z good z is possible 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,we h ! same me?od ( te/+ our p[] 9 reg>d to ! prev5tion ( desires & emotions4 ,no matt] h[ pa9ful or inappropriate may be ! desires & emotions ( any m9d1 x is act+ p]fectly :5 x goes to ! full ext5t ( its p[] to ext+ui% or to control !m accord+ to ! rules ( rectitude4 ,if x wills to h !m o!rwise1 & uses ! appropriate modes to h !m s1 ?is is all x has p[] to d4 ,9 ref]5ce to ext]nal actions1 !re are an inf9ite v>iety ( circum/ances t mu/ decide ! "* ( actions z "r or wrong4 ,an action :i* is wise & b5evol5t 9 "o set ( circum/ances becomes fooli% & selfi% 9 ano!r comb9ation4 ,m ?an half ! que/ions ( "r & wrong action are to be decid$ z to _! "* by ! surr\nd+ circum/ances1 :ile no m9d b ! "o t is inf9ite & omnisci5t c pron\nce ) c]ta9ty on actions ^: "* is dep5d5t on circum/ances & probable future results4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! limitation ( p[] 9 ^! cases8 ,h[ c we "k :5 we act z ne>ly "r z x is 9 our p[]8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we c h ! high evid5ce ( consci\sness t our *ief end 9 life is to act "r 9 all ?+s4 ,9 ! next place1 we c "k c]ta9ly :e!r !re is any ?+ m t we c d to f9d out :at ! "r c\rse is4 ,:5 we h decid$ t we h done all we c 9 ! giv5 circum/ances1 & !n are consci\s t we *oose :at we believe to be "r1 or t :i* has to our m9d ! balance ( evid5ce 9 its favor z "r1 we act p]fectly2 t is to say1 we h rea*$ ! full measure ( our p[] 9 volunt>ily act+ "r4 ,b1 besides ?is evid5ce1 t re/s ma9ly on int]nal consci\sness ( ! nature ( our volitions1 we h o!r evid5ce to guide u4 ,x has be5 %[n 9 ! previ\s pages h[ our ?\ghts1 & desires1 & emotions are all dep5d5t on ! g5]ic purposes ( ! m9d4 ,:atev] is ! *ief end ( life is ! object :i* excites ! /ronge/ int]e/ & calls =? ! deepe/ emotions4 ,!re=e1 :5 a m9d has *os5 to act "r z ! *ief end1 all its ta/es1 desires1 & emotions become con=m$ to ?is purpose4 ,:atev] is se5 z t5d+ to promote ?is end is m desir$ & valu$ ?an any ?+ else4 ,:atev] is se5 to int]f]e ) ?is is reg>d$ ) dissatisfaction4 ,?is be+ s1 a m9d t is controll$ by a rul+ purpose to act "r f9ds ^? p]sons & places ! mo/ cong5ial & agreeable :o c l5d ! mo/ aid 9 po9t+ out all t is wrong 9 ?\ght1 ^w1 or de$1 & 9 help+1 by in/ruction1 sympa?y1 & example1 to d "r4 ,"o great te/1 !n1 ( ! exi/5ce & /r5g? ( su* a rul+ purpose is ! mann] 9 :i* ^? are reg>d$ :o are mo/ int]e/$ 9 f9d+ out & do+ :at is "r !mselves1 & 9 aid+ o!rs to d s4 ,to be meek & l[ly 9 he>t1 s z to seek help 9 le>n+ :at is "r f e s\rce1 h[ev] humble or h[ev] imp]fectly (f]$1 is ! sure/ indication t a m9d is "u ! entire control ( a rul+ purpose to d "r1 & is ?us a p]fect m9d4 ,su* a m9d1 x mu/ be se51 has t5d5cies t fit x to t great sy/em ( ?+s 9 :i* we f9d ourselves4 ,su* a m9d c n trace out ^! t5d5cies by ! light ( reason alone )\t a conviction t some:]e 9 ! progress ( ages x w atta9 to a p]fect commonweal?1 :]e ! great end & object ( ! ,creator 9 =m+ m9d w be c>ri$ to entire p]fection 9 ea* individual m9d & 9 ! all-p]fect :ole6 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,on ,,! ,,probable ,,exi/5ce ,,& ,,"* ,,( ,,disembodi$ ,,spirits4 ,we h consid]$ ! mode by :i*1 )\t revelation1 we arrive at a k ( ! exi/5ce & "* ( "o et]nal1 self-exi/5t ,creator1 & ( o!r et]nal be+s end[$ ) all ! attributes ( ! human m9d4 ,we w next inquire z to ! exi/5ce ( o!r creat$ m9ds 9 addition to ^? ^: exi/5ce is manife/$ by a mat]ial body4 ,!re are sev]al pr9ciples ( reason to aid u 9 ?is inquiry4 ,! fir/ is t :i* e/abli%es ! exi/5ce ( m9d & matt] z two di/9ct & div]se causes or exi/5ces4 ,by ?is we decide t e human be+ has a body & a s\l4 ,! second pr9ciple ( reason to guide u is t :i* tea*es u to believe t ?+s cont9ue to exi/ z !y are & h be51 unless !re is "s kn[n cause to de/roy or *ange !m4 ,! o!r pr9ciples to guide u are1 t no?+ is to be assum$ to be true unless !re is "s evid5ce t x is s1 &1 9 case ( conflict+ evid5ce1 ! balance ( evid5ce is to decide :at is "r & true4 ,^! pr9ciples be+ assum$1 we f9d t at ! dea? ( e human be+ we h evid5ce1 fir/1 t ! body ceases to be connect$ ) ! _s1 & is dissolv$4 ,next1 we h evid5ce at ! p]iod ( ?is dissolv+ ( s\l & body t ! s\l exi/s )\t a body1 & no evid5ce t x is *ang$ 9 any ( its p[]s1 or habits1 or "*4 ,?us we arrive at ! conclusion t ! spirits t h exi/$ 9 ?is life connect$ ) bodies are /ill exi/+ ) all ! p[]s1 habits1 & "* :i* !y possess$ 9 ?is life1 except z !y are modifi$ by causes & t5d5cies t exp]i5ce 9 ?is life has disclos$4 ,we ?us inf] t all m9ds :o h left ?is _w h cont9u$ 9 ! upw>d or d[nw>d t5d5cies ( "* :i* exi/$ :5 !y 7 disconnect$ ) ! body4 ,?is is all ! k we c ga9 by reason & exp]i5ce alone 9 ref]5ce to o!r creat$ be+s1 & _! "* & mode ( exi/5ce4 ,z to ! "t :5 ! s\l comm5ces exi/5ce1 we h no evid5ce ( su* exi/5ce except :at is manife/$ 9 ! body4 ,we c only inf]1 !n1 t ! s\l beg9s to exi/ :5 ! evid5ce ( its exi/5ce comm5ces 9 ! body4 ,to ass]t t x beg9s be=e t "t is to violate ! pr9ciple ( reason :i* =bids u to assume any ?+ to be true unless !re is evid5ce ( x4 ,?us1 )\t a revelation1 we are l$ to a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( two classes ( disembodi$ spirits1 ! good & ! bad4 ,b we h no evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( any o!r creat$ m9ds except ^? t h =m]ly be5 connect$ ) bodies 9 ?is _w4 ,s f> z animals give evid5ce ( possess+ an indep5d5t spiritual exi/5ce1 ! same argum5t t proves ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ! human m9d aft] dea?1 proves t ! animal _s1 if !re be "o1 cont9ues aft] ! dissolution ( ! body4 ,b we c n reason 9 reg>d to animals z we c 9 reg>d to human m9ds1 = we nev] _h ! exp]i5ce ( animal exi/5ce to comm5ce )1 z we h our own exp]i5ce 9 reason+ z to ! nature & exp]i5ce ( m9d 9 ref]5ce to o!r be+s ( ! same race4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,probabilities ,,9 ,,reg>d ,,to ,a ,,revelation ,,f ,,! ,,creator4 ,we h n[ complet$ our inve/igations z to ! nature & am\nt ( k to be ga9$ on ! great que/ions ( life by reason & exp]i5ce indep5d5tly ( a revelation4 ,we h assum$ t ! great cause ( ! disord]$ action ( m9d is t x comm5ces action 9 p]fect ignorance1 :ile all ^? causes :i* exp]i5ce %[s to be indisp5sable to its "r action1 to a great] or less degree1 are want+4 ,! great want ( our race is p]fect educators to tra9 new-born m9ds1 :o are infallible tea*]s ( :at is "r & true4 ,we h pres5t$ ! evid5ce ga9$ by reason & exp]i5ce t ! ,creator is p]fect 9 m5tal con/itution1 & t he always has act$ "r1 & always w ?us act4 ,?is be+ grant$1 we inf] t he always has done ! be/ t is possible = ! highe/ good ( 8 creatures 9 ?is _w1 & t he always w cont9ue to d s4 ,we proce$ to inquire 9 reg>d to :at w\ld be ! be/ t x is possible to d = u 9 ?is /ate ( be+1 s f> z we c conceive4 ,inasmu* z ! great cause ( ! wrong action ( m9d is ! ignorance & imp]fection ( ^? :o are its educators 9 ! beg9n+ ( its exi/5ce1 we %\ld inf] t ! be/ possible ?+ to be done = our race w\ld be to provide "s p]fect & infallible tea*] to in/ruct ^? :o are to educate m9d4 ,?is be+ grant$1 !n all w\ld conc$e t ! ,creator himself w\ld be our be/ tea*]1 & t1 if he w\ld come to u himself 9 a visible =m to in/ruct ! educators ( m9d 9 all !y ne$ to "k = !mselves & = ! new-born m9ds committ$ to _! c>e1 x w\ld be ! be/ ?+ we c conceive ( = ! highe/ good ( our race4 ,we next inquire z to ! be/ conceivable mode by :i* ! ,creator c manife/ himself s z to secure cr$5ce4 ,to decide ?is1 let ea* "o suppose ! case 8 own4 ,let a man make 8 appe>ance claim+ to be ! ,creator4 ,we c p]ceive t 8 m]e ^w w\ld nev] comm& ! confid5ce ( intellig5t practical m54 ,?\s&s ( impo/ors h appe>$ & made su* claims1 deceiv+ ! weak & ignorant & disgu/+ ! wise4 ,9 case ! p]son ) su* claims prov$ to be ev] s b5evol5t & intellig5t1 if we _h no o!r evid5ce ?an 8 ^w1 x w\ld1 by s5sible p]sons1 be reg>d$ z ! result ( "s m5tal halluc9ation4 ,b suppose t a p]son mak+ claims to be ! ,creator ( all ?+s1 or to be a mess5g] f him1 %\ld atte/ 8 claim by %ak+ ! e>?1 or te>+ up a m\nta91 or turn+ back ! floods ( ! ocean1 x w\ld be impossible = any man to witness ^! miracles )\t believ+ t ! ,au?or ( all ?+s ?us atte/$ 8 own pres5ce or ! au?ority ( 8 mess5g]4 ,we h %[n t1 9 ! v organization ( m9d1 "o ( ! intuitive tru?s w\ld necess>ily =ce su* a belief on all sane m9ds4 ,"o o!r me?od w\ld be z effective4 ,%\ld ?is p]son pr$ict ev5ts s improbable & s beyond all human intellig5ce z to be equival5t to an equal int]ruption ( exp]i5ce z to ! laws ( m9d1 z "t develop$ ! fulfillm5t ( ^! pr$ictions1 ! same belief w\ld be induc$ 9 ! au?ority ( ! p]son ?us sup]naturally end[$4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 ! evid5ce w\ld be imm$iate & mo/ p[]ful 9 its inception4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! p[] ( ! evid5ce w\ld increase ) "t4 ,miracles & prophecy1 !n1 are ! only me?ods t we c conceive ( t w\ld1 z our m9ds are n[ con/itut$1 insure belief 9 revelations f ! ,creator4 ,b if e human be+1 9 ord] to believe1 mu/ h miracles1 !re w\ld result su* an incessant violation ( ! laws ( nature z to de/roy !m1 & ?us to de/roy all possibility ( miracles4 ,! only possible way1 !n1 is to h miracles occur at c]ta9 p]iods ( "t1 & !n h !m adequately record$ & pres]v$4 ,?is me?od involves ! necessity ( int]pret+ writt5 docum5ts4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,creator has provid$ su* revelations1 ! "q occurs z to h[ f> !y may be accessible to all m54 ,are !re revelations f ! ,creator 9 su* a =m t all m5 c ga9 access to !m & int]pret !m = !mselves1 or are !y s record$ t only a few c ga9 ! k !y imp>t1 :ile ! _m are helplessly dep5d5t on ! few8 ,x is ) ref]5ce to ?is "q t ! int]pretation ( language becomes a subject ( vital & inf9ite int]e/ to e human be+4 ,?is subject w !re=e occupy ! rema9+ portion ( ?is volume4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,int]pretation ,,( ,,language4 ,! m9d ( man is conf9$ 9 its op]ations by ! mat]ial sy/em x inhabits1 & has no modes ( communicat+ ) o!r m9ds except ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! eye & e>4 ,x is by signs address$ to ! eye & by s\nds affect+ ! e> t ideas are communicat$ & receiv$4 ,x is by ! p[] ( association1 :i* enables u to recall c]ta9 ideas toge!r :i* h be5 frequ5tly unit$1 t ! use ( language is ga9$4 ,! infant f9ds c]ta9 /ates ( m9d produc$ by mat]ial objects inv>iably connect$ ) c]ta9 s\nds4 ,?is is done s (t5 t :5ev] a c]ta9 p]ception occurs1 ! s\nd recurs :i* has be5 s (t5 unit$ ) x4 ,if language is correctly def9$ z any s\nd or sign :i* conveys ! ideas ( "o m9d to ano!r1 x is probable t *ildr5 le>n language at a mu* e>li] p]iod ?an is g5]ally imag9$4 ,x is impossible to "k h[ soon ! infant notices ! s(t tones ( its own voice :5 happy1 or ! moan+ or %rill s\nd t expresses its own pa91 & by comp>+ !m ) ^? ( its "m1 le>ns1 ?r\gh its little process ( reason+1 t ano!r _s has emotions ( pleasure & pa9 correspond+ ) its own4 ,nor c we det]m9e h[ soon ^! pleasant s\nds ( ! "m's voice beg9 to be associat$ ) ! b5ignant smile1 or ! tones ( grief ) ! sorr[ful expression1 or ! tones ( ang] ) ! fr[n+ br[4 ,x seems v rational to suppose t s\nd1 to ! infant m9d1 is :at fir/ leads to ! belief ( ! emotions ( ano!r m9d1 by means ( a comp>ison ( its own s\nds ) ^? orig9at+ f ano!r4 ,aft] ?is is done1 ! eye comes 9 = a %>e 9 ^! (fices4 ,! little reason]1 aft] ?\s&s ( exp]im5ts1 f9ds ! pleasant s\nd always unit$ ) ! smil+ face1 until ! object ( vision becomes ! sign = recall+ ! idea at fir/ obta9$ by s\nd4 ,9 ga9+ ! common use ( language1 we "k ?is is ! ord] ( succession4 ,we fir/ le>n ! s\nds t recall ideas1 & !n1 by means ( a frequ5t union ( ^! s\nds ) "s visible sign1 ! p[] once possess$ simply by ! s\nd is convey$ to ! sign4 ,?us we h words t are s\nds & words t are visible signs4 ,! communion ( "o _s ) t ( o!rs 9 e-day life is ma9ta9$ ord9>ily ?r\gh ! m$ium ( s\nds2 b :5 di/ance int]v5es1 or :5 "s record is to be pres]v$ ( ! ?\ghts & feel+s ( o!r be+s1 !n signs address$ to ! eye are employ$4 ,9 civiliz$ nations1 ! signs us$ are a c]ta9 numb] ( arbitr>y m>ks1 :i* are arrang$ 9 a great v>iety ( comb9ations1 & ea* comb9ation is employ$ to recall "s p>ticul> idea or comb9ation ( ideas4 ,^! arbitr>y signs are call$ lett]s1 & 9 ! ,engli% language !re are only tw5ty-six2 yet1 by ! almo/ inf9ite v>iety ( comb9ation ( :i* ^! are capable1 e idea :i* "o m9d wi%es to communicate to ano!r c be express$4 ,a writt5 ^w is a s+le lett] or a comb9ation ( lett]s us$ z a sign to recall "o or m ideas4 ,x is consid]$ by ! m9d z a unit or :ole ?+1 ( :i* ! lett]s are consid]$ z p>ts1 & is %[n to be a unit by int]vals or blank spaces t sep>ate x f ! o!r words ( a s5t5ce4 ,! fact t x is consid]$ by ! m9d z a unit1 or a sign sep>ate f all o!r comb9ations ( lett]s1 is ! peculi>ity :i* con/itutes x a ^w4 ,a syllable is a comb9ation ( lett]s :i* is n consid]$ z a unit1 b is consid]$ z a "p ( a ^w4 ,words are us$ to recall ! ideas ( ?+s1 qualities1 *anges1 & circum/ances4 ,"s words recall ! idea ( a ?+ )\t any o!r idea connect$ ) x2 su* are ! words m9d1 ivory4 ,"s words recall ! idea ( quality simply1 su* z r$1 h>d1 sweet4 ,"s words recall ! ideas ( *ange m]ely1 su* z motion1 action4 ,"s words recall simply ! idea ( relation or circum/ance1 su* z on1 "u1 ab\t4 ,sometimes ideas ( ?+s1 & _! actions & relations1 are recall$ by ! same sign2 ?us wre/l] recalls ! idea ( a ?+ & its action1 & giant ( a ?+ & its relation4 ,"s words recall a v>iety ( ideas2 ?us ! t]m begone recalls ! idea ( two ?+s1 ( ! desire ( a m9d & ( its mode ( expression4 ,9 ! process ( le>n+ language1 mank9d fir/ acquire names = ! sev]al ?+s1 qualities1 *anges1 & circum/ances t !y notice1 & aft]w>d le>n ! process ( comb9+ ^! names1 s z to convey ! m5tal comb9ation ( "o m9d to ano!r4 ,a p]son might h names = all 8 ideas1 & yet1 if he _h nev] le>n$ ! art ( prop]ly comb9+ ^! signs1 he nev] c\ld communicate ! v>i$ conceptions ( 8 own m9d to ano!r p]son4 ,suppose1 = illu/ration1 t a *ild _h le>n$ ! mean+ ( ! t]ms cup1 spoon1 !1 put1 into1 little1 my2 x w\ld be impossible = him to express 8 wi% till he _h le>n$ ! prop] arrangem5t ( ea* t]m1 & !n he c\ld convey ! conception & wi%es ( 8 own m9d1 viz41 ,put ! spoon into my little cup4 ,we see1 !n1 h[ ! new comb9ations ( ideas 9 "o m9d c be convey$ to ano!r4 ,! two p]sons mu/ bo? h ! same ideas atta*$ to ! same sign ( language1 & mu/ ea* und]/& ! mode ( comb9ation to be employ$4 ,:5 ?is is done1 if "o p]son sees a new object1 he c s5d to 8 fri5d ! signs :i* repres5t all its qualities1 circum/ances1 & *anges arrang$ 9 a prop] mann]4 ,! abs5t p]son w !n arrange ! conceptions recall$ by ^! words1 s z to correspond ) ^? ( 8 correspond5t4 ,9 all languages1 ! same ^w (t5 is us$ to recall diff]5t ideas1 & ! mean+ ( words dep5ds (t5 on _! mode ( comb9ation4 ,! art ( int]pret+ consi/s 9 asc]ta9+ ! p>ticul> ideas convey$ by words 9 a giv5 comb9ation4 ,!re are two modes ( us+ language :i* ne$ to be di/9ctly po9t$ out1 viz41 lit]al & figurative4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ^! modes1 x is necess>y to ref] to ! pr9ciples ( association4 ,nei!r our p]ceptions or conceptions are ev] s+le1 disconnect$ objects except :5 ! p[] ( ab/raction is employ$4 ,ord9>ily1 v>i\s objects are unit$ toge!r 9 ! m9d1 & ^? objects :i* are mo/ frequ5tly unit$ 9 our p]ceptions1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 are ^? :i* are mo/ frequ5tly unit$ 9 our conceptions4 ,n[1 by ! p[] ( ab/raction1 ! m9d c reg>d ! same object sometimes z a unit or :ole1 & sometimes c disconnect x1 & consid] x z sev]al di/9ct ?+s4 ,?us x happ5s t ideas :i* are connect$ by ! pr9ciples ( association are sometimes reg>d$ z a :ole1 & sometimes are disconnect$1 & consid]$ z sep>ate exi/5ces4 ,language w be f\nd to be con/ruct$ 9 exact con=mity to ?is ph5om5on ( m9d4 ,we %all f9d t objects ord9>ily unit$ toge!r1 z cause & effect1 h ! same "n giv51 sometimes to ! cause1 sometimes to ! effects1 & sometimes x embraces ! :ole2 or ! ?+1 its causes & its effects4 ,z an example ( ?is use ( language may be m5tion$ ! t]m pride4 ,we sometimes he> ^? objects :i* are ! cause ( pride receiv+ t "n4 ,?us a *ild is call$ ! pride ( its p>5ts4 ,! same "n is appli$ simply to ! /ate ( m9d1 z :5 a man is said to be "u ! influ5ce ( pride1 :ile ! effects ( pride receive ! same appellation :5 we he> a haughty demeanor & consequ5tial deportm5t call$ pride4 ,! t]m is us$ 9 its mo/ ext5d$ signification z includ+ ! ?+1 its causes1 & its effects1 :5 we he> ( ! pride ( ?is _w1 :i* is soon to pass away1 signify+ equally ! causes ( ?is feel+1 ! feel+ itself1 & ! effects ( x4 ,lit]al language is t 9 :i* all words h ! ord9>y mean+ z commonly us$4 ,figurative language is t 9 :i* ! ord9>y names1 qualities1 & actions ( ?+s are ascrib$ to o!r ?+s ) :i* !y h be5 associat$4 ,z an example ( ! use ( language :i* is figurative1 we f9d te>s1 t are ! effects ( grief1 call$ by ! "n ( ! cause2 ?us3 ,/ream+ grief 8 fad$ *eek b$ew$4 ,on ! contr>y1 we f9d ! cause call$ by ! "n ( ! effects 9 ?is s5t5ce3 ,& ho>y hairs receiv$ ! rev]5ce due4 ,"h age is call$ by ! "n ( "o ( its effects4 ,! indiscrim9ate application ( names to ?+s :i* h be5 connect$ by "t1 place1 or resemblance1 ab\nds 9 figurative language4 ,! foll[+ is an example :]e "o object is call$ by ! "n ( ano!r ) :i* x has be5 connect$ by place3 ,! groves give =? _! songs4 ,"h birds are call$ by ! "n ( ! groves ) :i* !y h be5 s (t5 unit$ z x respects place4 ,! foll[+ is an example :]e an object is call$ by ! "n ( ano!r ) :i* x is connect$ by "t3 ,& night weigh$ d[n 8 heavy eyes4 ,"h sleep is call$ by ! "n ( night1 ) :i* x has be5 s (t5 unit$4 ,! foll[+ is an example :]e "o object is call$ by ! "n ( ano!r ) :i* x has be5 connect$ by ! pr9ciple ( resemblance3 ,y took h] up1 a little1 t5d] bud1 ,j spr\t$ on a bank4 ,"h a "y female is call$ by ! "n ( an object ) :i* %e is connect$ by ! association ( resemblance4 ,:5 "o object is ?us call$ by ! "n ( ano!r :i* x resembles1 ! figure ( spee* is call$ a metaphor4 ,:5 dom9ion is call$ a sceptre2 ! (fice ( a bi%op1 ! lawn2 ! pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! cross2 a dwell+ is call$ a ro(2 & v>i\s expressions ( ?is k9d1 "o ?+ is call$ by ! "n ( ano!r ( :i* x is a "p1 or ) :i* x has be5 connect$ z a circum/ance1 cause1 or effect4 ,n only d objects :i* h be5 unit$ 9 our p]ceptions receive ea* o!r's names1 b ! qualities ( "o are (t5 ascrib$ to ! o!r4 ,! foll[+ are examples 9 :i* ! qualities ( ! cause are ascrib$ to ! effect1 & ! qualities ( ! effect are ascrib$ to ! cause3 ,an impi\s mortal gave a d>+ w\nd4 ,"h ! quality ( ! cause is ascrib$ to ! effect4 ,! m]ry pipe is he>d4 ,"h ! quality ( ! effect is ascrib$ to ! cause4 ,! foll[+ is an example :]e ! quality ( "o ?+ is ascrib$ to ano!r connect$ ) x by "t3 ,n[ mus+ midnight hall[s all ! sc5e4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( ! quality ( "o ?+ ascrib$ to ano!r1 connect$ ) x by place3 :5 sapless age ,%all br+ ?y fa!r to 8 droop+ *air4 ,we h examples ( ! qualities ( "o ?+ ascrib$ to ano!r :i* x resembles 9 su* expressions z ^!--imp]i\s ocean1 tott]+ /ate1 rag+ tempe/4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( a ?+ call$ by ! "n ( "o ( its qualities or att5d+ circum/ances3 ,:at art ?\1 t usurpe/ ?is "t ( night1 ,toge!r ) ! fair & w>like =m ,9 :i* ! maje/y ( buri$ ,d5m>k ,did sometimes walk8 ,"h a k+ is call$ by ! "n ( a quality & by ! "n ( 8 k+dom4 ,x is ow+ to ! pr9ciple ( association t ano!r mode ( figurative language is employ$ call$ p]sonification4 ,?is consi/s 9 speak+ ( a quality :i* belongs to liv+ be+s z if x 7 ! be+ 9 :i* su* a quality 0 f\nd4 ,?is is ow+ to ! fact t ! conceptions ( qualities ( m9d are always unit$ ) "s be+1 & !re=e su* ideas are connect$ ones4 ,?us x is said 9 ! sacr$ writ+s1 ,m]cy & tru? are met toge!r4 ,righte\sness & peace h embrac$ ea* o!r4 ,wisdom crie? al\d1 %e utt]e? h] voice4 ,ano!r mode ( p]sonification is ow+ to ! fact t ! actions & relations ( inanimate exi/5ces v (t5 resemble ^? ( liv+ be+s1 s t su* ideas are associat$ by ! pr9ciple ( resemblance4 ,9 su* cases1 ! actions1 prop]ties1 & relations ( liv+ be+s are ascrib$ to inanimate objects4 ,?us1 :5 ! sea ro>s & lifts its waves t[>d ! skies1 ! actions are simil> to ^? ( a man :5 he raises 8 arm 9 supplication4 ,an example ( ?is k9d ( figurative language is f\nd 9 ?is sublime p]sonification ( ,scripture3 ,! m\nta9s saw !e1 & trembl$2 ! ov]fl[+ ( ! wat]s pass$ by2 ! deep utt]e? 8 voice1 & lift$ up 8 h&s on high2 ! sun & moon /ood /ill 9 _! habitations4 ,o!r examples ( ?is k9d are f\nd :5 we he> x said t ! fields smile1 ! woods clap _! h&s1 ! skies fr[n1 & ! l4 ,"o cause ( figurative language is f\nd 9 ! simil>ity ( effects produc$ on ! body by op]ations ( m9d & op]ations ( matt]4 ,:atev] causes affect ! m9d 9 a simil> mann] are call$ by ! same "n4 ,?us1 :5 a man endeavors to p5etrate a h>d sub/ance1 ! muscles ( 8 head & neck are affect$ 9 a p>ticul> mann]4 ,! same muscles are affect$ 9 a simil> way :5 a p]son makes p[]ful & reit]at$ ef=ts to compreh5d a difficult subject4 ,bo? ^! actions1 !re=e1 are call$ by ! same "n1 & a man is said to p5etrate ! wood ) an in/rum5t1 or to p5etrate into ! subject ( 8 inve/igations4 ,?us joy is said to exp& ! brea/1 because x does1 9 fact1 produce a s5sation :i* resembles ?is action4 ,!re is a great v>iety ( figurative language f\nd$ on ?is pr9ciple4 ,inde$1 !re is little said respect+ ! m9d1 & its qualities & op]ations1 :]e we d n apply t]ms t describe ! qualities1 actions1 & relations ( matt]4 ,x is also ! case t actions & relations t resemble ea* o!r are call$ by ! same "n1 )\t reg>d to ! objects 9 :i* !y exi/4 ,?us ! skies are said to weep4 ,"h !re is1 9 fact1 ! same action z is weep+ 9 mank9d1 & x receives ! same "n1 ?\gh x is connect$ ) a diff]5t subject4 ,?us1 also1 ! sword is said to be drunk ) ! blood ( ! sla94 ,"h ! same relation exi/s betwe5 ! blood & ! sword z betwe5 a man & an immod]ate quantity ( liquor1 & ! relation receives ! same "n 9 ea* case4 ,an allegory is a succession ( incid5ts & circum/ances told ( "o ?+ :i* cont9ually recall ano!r ?+1 :i* x resembles 9 ! p>ticul>s m5tion$4 ,?us ! ag$ ,indian *ief describes himself by an allegory3 ,i am an ag$ hemlock4 ,! w9ds ( a hundr$ ye>s h swept ov] its bran*es2 x is dead at ! top2 ^? t grew ar\nd h all m\ld]$ away4 ,a p>able is ( ! same "* z an allegory4 ,a type is an object ( conception 9 :i* _m ( its qualities & relations resemble ano!r object t succe$s x 9 reg>d to "t4 ,hyp]bole is a collection ( actions1 qualities1 or circum/ances ascrib$ to an object :i* are contr>y to ! laws ( exp]i5ce1 & ?is language is employ$ to express excit$ feel+4 ,?us1 by hyp]bole1 a p]son is said to be dr[n$ 9 te>s4 ,irony is language us$ 9 su* a mann] z to contradict ! kn[n op9ions ( ! speak]1 & is int5d$ to repres5t ! absurdity or irrationality ( "s ?+ conceiv$ by him4 ,symbols are mat]ial ?+s employ$ to convey ! ideas ( "o m9d to ano!r4 ,?us1 z ! cultivation ( ! olive is connect$ ) seasons ( peace1 an olive bran* is us$ to express ! idea ( peace4 ,symbolic language is ! use ( words t are names ( symbols 9 place ( ! names ( ?+s repres5t$ by symbols4 ,?us ! ^w olive might be us$ in/ead ( ! ^w peace4 ,figurative language1 especially metaphors & symbolic words1 ab\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! e>lie/ nations2 & z :at are claim$ to be ! e>lie/ revelations ( ! ,creator are record$ 9 ^! languages1 ! rules = int]pret+ figurative language are ( ! highe/ importance4 ,! prec$+ illu/rates ! pr9ciples ^u :i* bo? lit]al & figurative language are con/ruct$4 ,! "q n[ arises1 ,h[ are we to det]m9e :5 expressions are to be int]pret$ lit]ally & :5 !y are figurative8 ,"o s+le rule w be f\nd suffici5t 9 all cases1 viz43 ,all language is lit]al :5 ! common mean+ ( ea* ^w is consi/5t ) our exp]i5ce z to ! nature ( ?+s1 & consi/5t ) ! o!r s5tim5ts ( ! writ]4 ,all language is figurative :5 ! names1 qualities1 & actions ascrib$ to ?+s are inconsi/5t ) our exp]i5ce ( ! nature ( ?+s1 or contradict ! kn[n op9ions ( ! writ]4 ,9 ! prec$+ examples ( figurative language1 x c readily be se5 t a lit]al int]pretation w\ld 9 all cases =m comb9ations ( ideas :i* are oppos$ to exp]i5ce z to ! nature ( ?+s4 ,= example1 grief c n be conceiv$ ( z b$ew+ a face1 because x is an emotion ( m9d2 nor d ho>y hairs lit]ally ev] receive honor2 nor d groves s+1 nor night weigh d[n ! eyes4 ,9 l mann]1 :]e ! qualities ( "o ?+ are ascrib$ to ano!r ) :i* x has be5 connect$1 !re is no difficulty 9 det]m9+ t ! language is figurative2 = a w\nd c n h ! quality ( d>+1 :i* belongs only to m9d1 nor c a pipe be lit]ally consid]$ z m]ry1 or midnight z mus+2 nor w\ld x be consi/5t ) exp]i5ce to ?9k ( a *air z droop+4 ,nor 9 ! case ( p]sonification is !re any m cause ( difficulty4 ,m]cy & tru?1 righte\sness1 peace1 & wisdom1 are qualities ( m9d1 & c n be conceiv$ ( z meet+1 embrac+1 & cry+ al\d 9 any o!r ?an a figurative s5se4 ,& :5 ! ocean is said to lift up 8 h&s1 & ! sun & moon to /& /ill 9 _! habitations1 ! laws ( exp]i5ce =bid any b a figurative int]pretation4 ,9 ! case ( an allegory & all symbolic language1 ! same rule applies ) equal cle>ness & c]ta9ty4 ,9 ! example giv51 x w\ld be a violation ( ! laws ( exp]i5ce to conceive ( a man z a tree ) bran*es & a )]$ top4 ,hyp]bole is readily di/+ui%$ by ! same rule4 ,irony is kn[n by its be+ contradictory to ! kn[n op9ions ( ! writ]4 ,?us !re is nev] any difficulty 9 decid+ :5 language is lit]al & :5 x is figurative 9 cases :]e m5 h ! laws ( exp]i5ce by :i* to det]m9e4 ,on ! supposition ( a revelation f ! ,creator1 !re mu/ be subjects ^u :i* mank9d h _h no exp]i5ce1 su* z ! nature ( ! ,deity1 ! "* & circum/ances ( ! invisible _w & ( its inhabitants4 ,on ^! subjects all language mu/ be lit]al :5 ! lit]al con/ruction is n 9 contradiction to ! kn[n or impli$ op9ion ( ! o!r decl>ations2 = on ^! subjects1 z ! laws ( exp]i5ce c n regulate 9 decid+ betwe5 figurative & lit]al language1 x is impossible to %[ any reason :y words %\ld n be lit]al except by comp>ison ) ! o!r /atem5ts ( ! same au?or4 ,if ^! %[ no reasons = suppos+ x figurative1 x mu/ ( necessity be consid]$ z lit]al2 = if nei!r exp]i5ce nor ! writ]'s op9ions oppose a lit]al mean+1 !re is no cause :y ! ord9>y & common signification ( words %\ld n be reta9$4 ,! next inquiry is1 ,h[ are we to asc]ta9 ! ideas :i* are to be atta*$ to words t are us$ figuratively8 ,if ! common ideas :i* are recall$ by words are n ! prop] ones1 :at are ! data = kn[+ :i* are ! ideas to be recall$8 ,! laws ( association1 ^u :i* language is f\nd$1 furni% an adequate f\ndation = det]m9+ ?is "q4 ,if language is su* t a lit]al con/ruction is contr>y to ! nature ( ?+s1 ! words us$ figuratively mu/ express some?+ :i* has be5 connect$ ) ! object recall$ by ! lit]al signification1 ei!r z cause or effect1 or z some?+ :i* x resembles1 or z some?+ x has be5 connect$ ) z a "p1 or by circum/ances ( "t or place4 ,( c\rse1 a process ( reason+ w soon decide :i* ( ^! mu/ be select$4 ,take1 = example1 ! expression1 ,/ream+ grief 8 fad$ *eek b$ew$4 ,"h1 z grief c n b$ew ! *eek1 x mu/ be ! "n ( some?+ :i* has be5 connect$ ) grief1 ei!r by ! pr9ciple ( resemblance1 contiguity 9 "t or place1 or by ! relation ( cause & effect4 ,x is easy to det]m9e t x c n be ei!r ( ^! except ! la/4 ,te>s are ! effect ( sorr[1 & are !re=e call$ by ?is "n4 ,! nature ( ! idea convey$ by ! figurative t]m w %[ :e!r ! cause or effect1 or "s object relat$ to x z x respects "t1 place1 or resemblance1 is int5d$1 & no difficulty c ev] occur 9 decid+4 ,9 all cases ?is g5]al rule avails3 :5 words are us$ figuratively1 su* ideas z h be5 9 any way connect$ ) !m are to be reta9$ z w be consi/5t ) ! kn[n nature ( ?+s1 & consi/5t ) o!r ass]tions ( ! writ]4 ,9 reg>d to ! lit]al use ( language1 x has be5 %[n t ! same t]m is sometimes us$ = ! "n ( ! ?+ ord9>ily express$ by x1 sometimes = its cause1 sometimes = its effect1 & sometimes z includ+ all ^! ideas4 ,! rule = det]m9+ 9 :i* ( ^! s5ses ! t]m is us$ is ! same z 9 reg>d to figurative language1 viz41 t signification mu/ be atta*$ to ! t]m :i* is 9 agreem5t ) exp]i5ce z to ! nature ( ?+s1 & ) ! o!r s5tim5ts ( ! writ]4 ,?us1 9 relation to ! example giv5 ( ! t]m pride1 suppose a *ild is call$ ! pride ( its p>5ts4 ,we "k x c n mean ! emotion ( m9d2 t x c n mean ! effects ( ?is /ate ( m9d2 & its only o!r mean+ is f\nd consi/5t ) exp]i5ce1 viz41 x is ! cause or occasion ( pride to its p>5ts4 ,! same mode ( reason+ c be appli$ to ! o!r uses ( ! t]m4 ,if a man is said to feel pride1 !re is b "o mean+ :i* c be atta*$ to ! t]m4 ,if x is said t ! pride ( ! _w passe? away1 x includes ! :ole1 & signifies t ! causes ( pride pass away1 & ) !m ! emotions & ! effects4 ,! foll[+1 !n1 are ! cle> & simple rules to employ 9 int]pret+ all language3 ,,laws ,,( ,,int]pretation4 #a4 ,! lit]al1 ord9>y mean+ is to be giv5 to all words1 unless x w\ld express :at is inconsi/5t ) exp]i5ce z to ! nature ( ?+s1 or inconsi/5t ) ! op9ions ( ! writ]4 #b4 ,:5 ! words 9 a s5t5ce are capable ( sev]al lit]al mean+s1 t is to be *os5 :i* makes ! writ] mo/ consi/5t ) himself & ) all kn[n circum/ances4 #c4 ,:5 ! lit]al mean+ expresses :at is n consi/5t ) ! nature ( ?+s or ) ! writ]'s o!r decl>ations1 !n ! language is figurative1 & only su* a "p ( ! ideas z h be5 9 any way connect$ ) ! words us$ are to be reta9$ z w secure su* consi/5cy4 #d4 ,9 decid+ ! mean+ ( words1 we are to be guid$ by ! pr9ciples ( common s5se1 viz43 ,no mean+ is to be giv5 unless !re is "s evid5ce t x is true2 &1 :5 !re is conflict+ evid5ce1 t mean+ is ! true "o :i* has ! balance ( evid5ce 9 its favor4 ,,add5da ,,to ,,vol4 ,i4 ,! second volume w comm5ce ) a description ( ! k9d ( evid5ce :i* su/a9s ! ,bible z a collection ( au!ntic & au?oritative records ( revelations f ! ,creator4 ,?is k9d ( evid5ce1 x w be %[n1 9 "o gr& feature is entirely div]se f any t ev] exi/$1 or ev5 t 0 ev] claim$ to exi/ 9 ref]5ce to any pret5d$ revelations4 ,x w also be %[n t ?is evid5ce is z /rong & reliable z t :i* regulates m5 9 _! daily practical conc]ns4 ,?is attempt ! writ] supposes to be1 9 "s respects1 peculi>1 & "o t is p>ticul>ly calculat$ to affect popul> appreh5sion1 especially t ( well-balanc$ & practical m9ds4 ,in/ead ( a great array ( detail & argum5t1 ! :ole w be conta9$ 9 a v few pages1 easily compreh5d$1 & dem&+ b little "t or ef=t4 ,9 ! next place1 ! laws ( int]pretation1 & ! pr9ciples ( common s5se z set =? 9 ?is volume1 w be appli$ to discov] ! answ]s ( ! ,sacr$ ,oracles to ! great que/ions ( life1 & _! agreem5t ) reason1 exp]i5ce1 & ! moral s5se ( mank9d4 ,?is w involve a discussion ( ! philosophical !ories :i* x is believ$ h obscur$ & dim9i%$ ! influ5ce ( ! great ,aton+ ,sacrifice ( ! ,great ,god our ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! "w w conclude ) ! practical application ( ! views set =? to ! greate/ ( all human int]e/s1 ! "r tra9+ ( ! human m9d 9 infancy & *ildhood4 ,be=e (f]+ to ! public ! topics to be embrac$ 9 ! la/ volume1 x is deem$ exp$i5t to pres5t ! great pr9ciples on :i* all ! discussions are to re/1 & also a fair illu/ration ( ! mode 9 :i* ^! pr9ciples w be appli$4 ,! foll[+ is ! illu/rative example3 ,!ological ,dogma ( a ,deprav$ ,m5tal ,con/itution4 ,9 ! prec$+ pages we h se5 ! evid5ce t ! m9d ( man is p]fect 9 its con/itutional p[]s1 & is ?us ! *ief & highe/ evid5ce ( ! wisdom1 ju/ice1 & b5evol5ce ( its ,creator4 ,b ! sy/ems ( !ology 9 all ! ,*ri/ian sects1 except+ a small fraction1 tea* t ! m9d ( man comes into exi/5ce 9 ?is _w ) a deprav$ nature2 mean+ by ?is a m5tal con/itution m or less deprav$4 ,t ?is is ! ord9>y dogma ( !ological tea*+s is cle> f ?is /atem5t ( ! case4 ,a ?+ c be wrong 9 only two conceivable ways3 "o is by its nature or orig9al con/ruction1 & ! o!r is by its action4 ,! m9d ( man1 !re=e1 if x is n p]fect e way1 is ei!r wrong 9 con/ruction or wrong 9 action4 ,n[ no p]son ev] claim$ t ! m9d ( man 0 n deprav$ 9 action1 & !re=e all :o tea* t x is deprav$ any o!r way mu/ tea* t x is deprav$ 9 its con/itution1 or 9 t nature x receiv$ f its ,mak]1 = !re are only ^! two modes ( depravity conceivable4 ,x be+ grant$1 !n1 t ! m9d ( our race is deprav$ 9 its nature1 ( c\rse ! ,au?or ( ?is nature is responsible = ?is inconceivable & :olesale wrong4 ,?is =ces u to ! inevitable conclusion t ! ,creator ( m9d is a be+ guilty ( ! highe/ conceivable folly1 inju/ice1 & malignity4 ,= reason & common s5se tea* t ! nature ( a contrivance is pro( ( ! "* & int5tion ( its au?or4 ,!re=e1 if m9d is deprav$ 9 con/ruction1 ! ,au?or ( x is a deprav$ be+1 & totally unwor?y ( our tru/1 respect1 or love4 ,?is is ! argum5t :i*1 9 all ages1 has be5 press$ on ^? !ologians :o ma9ta9 ! dogma ( ! deprav$ nature ( man1 & !re h be5 ^! v>i\s me?ods by :i* ?is difficulty has be5 evad$3 ,"o class op5ly av[ t ! ,creator _h p[] to make ! m9d ( man p]fect 9 all respects1 & t he has prov$ t he has ?is p[] by mak+ ! m9ds ( angels & ( our fir/ p>5ts ?us p]fect4 ,b1 9 consequ5ce ( our fir/ p>5ts eat+ ! =bidd5 fruit1 e m9d creat$ s9ce t "t has be5 ru9$ 9 ! mak+1 s z to be totally deprav$4 ,?is1 x is ma9ta9$1 x 0 "r = ,god to d4 ,h[ x 0 "r we h no bus9ess to inquire4 ,x is an awful my/]y2 b x 0 s done t ,god is 9 no way ! au?or ( s94 ,?is am\nts simply to a d5ial ( ! pr9ciple ( reason1 t ! nature ( a contrivance is pro( ( ! int5tion & "* ( ! contriv]4 ,x is say+ t ! au?or ( s9 is n ! au?or ( s94 ,?is w be /ill f>!r app>5t if we ref] to page #aeh1 :]e is exhibit$ ! only conceivable modes 9 :i* "o be+ c be ! cause ( s9 or ( wrong action 9 o!rs4 ,god is undisputably ! au?or ( all ! outw>d circum/ances t surr\nd u4 ,if1 !n1 he has made our susceptibilities wrong1 or comb9$ !m wrong1 he is ! au?or ( s9 9 e conceivable s5se4 ,:oev]1 !re=e1 affirms t ,god is ! au?or ( a deprav$ m5tal organization ( ! human m9d1 affirms t he is ! au?or ( s9 9 e conceivable s5se4 ,to ass]t su* a fact1 & !n d5y t ,god is ! au?or ( s91 is simply a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,to avoid ?is dilemma1 !ologians h in/itut$ ! foll[+ !ories3 ,! fir/ class tea* t ! fir/ pair ( ! human race 7 made ) p]fect m9ds1 & !n /ood z repres5tatives ( ! race & s9n$ = ! :ole4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! p5alty came on ! actual s9n]s 9 ! ru9 ( _! own m5tal con/itution1 & !n1 all m5 be+ repres5t$ 9 ,adam & ,eve1 ! ,creator imput$ ?is s9 to all _! po/]ity1 &1 z a p5alty1 all receive a deprav$ m5tal con/itution4 ,t is to say1 ?\gh ea* ( ! unborn millions desc5d$ f ,adam 0 innoc5t ( ! crime1 9 ord] to be j1 ,god imputes x to ea*1 &1 z a p5alty1 ru9s ea* 9 its organization1 :5 ,he has full p[] to make p]fect m9ds4 ,ano!r class assume t ! ,creator e/abli%$ su* a con/itution ( ?+s t ! nature ( "o m9d is transmitt$ to all its myriad desc5dants1 by ! same law z ! nature ( a plant is includ$ 9 "o se$ & is transmitt$ to all ( its future k9d4 ,! fir/ p>5ts ( our race1 receiv+ p]fect m9ds f _! ,creator1 ru9$ !m by "o act ( disob$i5ce4 ,!n1 by ! above law1 in/itut$ by _! ,mak]1 !y transmitt$ ?is deprav$ con/itution ( m9d to all _! desc5dants4 ,?is mode ( evad+ responsibility is ab\t z honorable z if a tea*] %\ld s con/ruct spr+s & traps = 8 pupils t "o little fell[1 :5 =bidd5 to d x1 %\ld t\* a spr+ t %\ld cut (f 8 own h&1 & ?us move o!r spr+s t w\ld maim all ! re/ ( ! s*ool1 :ile ! ma/] lays all ! blame on ! *ild t disobey$4 ,ano!r class tea* t ! fir/ man & woman ( ! race 7 made ) p]fect m9ds1 & !n su* a con/itution ( ?+s 0 in/itut$ by ,god t e m9d ( ! human race 0 s exi/+ ) or 9 !m1 t :5 ,adam & ,eve volunt>ily disobey$ ! ,creator's fir/ law1 e "o ( _! desc5dants volunt>ily did ! same ?+2 & !n1 z a p5alty = ! de$1 ! p>5t & e "o ( ! embryo desc5dants became totally deprav$4 ,?is !ory1 :i* makes e human be+ guilty ( a crime ?\s&s ( ye>s be=e we 7 born1 & = :i* we are suff]+ ! mo/ awful ( all p5alties1 has ne>ly pass$ away to ! pu]ilities ( ! old s*oolm51 & yet !re are "s ( ! mo/ popul> pr(essors 9 our l>ge/ & mo/ respectable !ological sem9>ies :o are publicly advocat+ x at ?is v "t4 ,ano!r me?od promulgat$ is ! assumption t all ! race 7 orig9ally creat$ p]fect1 & !n1 :ile 9 ! possession ( e possible advantage = virtue & happ9ess1 !y ru9$ !mselves 9 a previ\s /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,?is is ! only !ory :i* really meets ! difficulty1 & relieves ! "* ( ! ,creator f be+ ! guilty au?or ( deprav$ m9ds4 ,b ?is !ory1 ev5 if x c\ld be e/abli%$ by revelation1 does n rem$y ! /rong argum5t ( reason & exp]i5ce aga9/ ! wisdom & b5evol5ce ( ! ,creator1 on ! assumption ( a deprav$ con/itution ( m9d4 ,! man d5y+ a revelation1 :o is call$ ^u to receive "o1 c say1 ,"h is a race1 e "o ( :om is ru9$1 &1 s f> z ,i c see1 9 ! mak+ ( 8 m9d by ! ,creator4 ,!re=e ?is ,creator1 by 8 works1 is %[n to be a be+ ( inf9ite folly & malignity1 f :om no reliable revelation is possible4 ,grant+ ! m9d to be deprav$1 ! light ( reason inevitably guides to a weak or malevol5t ,creator4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 suppose a man is se5 manufactur+ beautiful porcela9 vases1 & out ( ! clay ( ! same lump1 z he makes !m1 he spoils e "o1 crack+1 m>r+1 & defac+ !m 9 ! v process ( manufacture4 ,n[ suppose ?is p]son %\ld turn to a witness1 & (f] to in/ruct him 9 ! be/ way ( do+ ?+s1 :at w\ld be ! common-s5se reply8 ,exactly t :i* w\ld be due to a ,creator :o has ru9$ e m9d he s5t into ?is _w1 & !n proposes to reveal ! "r way = ^? ru9$ creatures to act6 ,ano!r illu/ration may be p]mitt$4 ,suppose a colony1 by "s mis*ance1 settles on an isolat$ isl&1 :i* is f\nd cov]$ ) ! tobacco plant4 ,!y cle> _! plantations1 b f9d t1 by a rem>kable & un9telligible arrangem5t1 aft] e %[] !re is a fall ( tobacco se$s1 dissem9at$ f an inaccessible height by a ma*9e erect$ = ! purpose & con/antly suppli$4 ,aft] "s ye>s1 !y receive a missive f ! k+ to :om ! isl& belongs1 9 :i* he in=ms !m t tobacco is ! *ief object ( 8 dete/ation2 t x is do+ incalculable mis*ief to 8 subjects2 t x is ! *ief end ( 8 life1 & he wi%es x to be ( !irs1 to ext]m9ate ! plant1 & ?us its use4 ,he1 at ! same "t1 /ates t he is ! au?or ( ! contrivance = scatt]+ ! se$1 & t he keeps x con/antly suppli$1 & claims t he has a "r to d :at he w ) 8 own1 )\t be+ que/ion$ by 8 subjects4 ,he !n enacts t any p]son :o is f\nd to use tobacco1 or ev5 to h a s+le se$ or plant on 8 premises1 %all be burn$ alive 9 a caldron ( fire & brim/one4 ,if1 9 addition to ?is1 t k+ 7 to comm& supreme love to him1 & p]fect confid5ce 9 8 wisdom1 ju/ice1 & goodness1 all ?is w\ld b fa9tly illu/rate t awful sy/em "u consid]ation1 ^: p5alties are et]nal4 ,! assumption t ! con/itution ( m9d is deprav$ n only de/roys ! evid5ce ( ! ,creator's wisdom & b5evol5ce by ! light ( reason1 b de/roys ! possibility ( a cr$ible & reliable revelation f him4 ,= ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( a ,god is dep5d5t on an intuitive tru?1 :ile 8 "* is und]/ood1 )\t a revelation1 only by ! aid ( t intuitive tru? :i* tea*es t ! nature ( 8 works proves 8 "* & designs4 ,n[ if 8 greate/ "w1 ! immortal m9d1 t :i* alone gives any value to 8 o!r works1 is mal=m$1 & ?us made ! cause ( all ! mis]y1 crime1 & evil ( ?is life1 :at is !re to give any f\ndation = confid5ce t 8 revelations w n be false1 p]nici\s1 & malignant8 ,no man c />t ) ! assumption t !re is a revelation f ! ,creator t ne$s no pro(4 ,! only basis = su* a revelation is t intuitive tru? by ! aid ( :i* miracles & prophecy become evid5ces ( ! int]position ( ! ,creator4 ,?us we p]ceive t ! pro( t ! au?or ( a deprav$ con/itution ( m9d is a deprav$ be+1 is z /rong z ! evid5ce ( a revelation by miracles & prophecy c be4 ,9 reg>d to ^! !ories1 & 9 reg>d to ! dogma ( !ology :i* !y are in/itut$ to expla91 x is claim$ t bo? reason & ! ,bible equally =bid ea* & all ( !m4 ,x has already be5 %[n1 9 ,*apt]s xxii4 & xxiii41 t all ! evid5ce ( reason & exp]i5ce goes to prove t ! m9d ( man is p]fect 9 its organization4 ,we h only to inquire1 !n1 9 reg>d to ! evid5ce claim$ to be f\nd 9 revelations f ! ,creator4 ,be=e exam9+ ?is evid5ce1 x is important to notice ! di/9ction betwe5 reveal$ facts & ! !ories inv5t$ to expla9 !m4 ,! fact1 :i* bo? exp]i5ce & revelation agree 9 tea*+1 is t man1 z a race1 is guilty & deprav$ 9 action1 & t f ! e>lie/ p]iods ( life ?is deprav$ action is manife/$4 ,! !ories relate to ! cause ( ?is wrong action1 & !re are only two4 ,! fir/ !ory is1 t ! con/itution ( m9d is p]fect1 & t ! wrong action results f a want ( exp]i5ce1 k1 "r habits1 "r tra9+1 & "r social influ5ces4 ,! second !ory is1 t ! con/itution ( m9d is deprav$1 & t its wrong action is ! inevitable result ( ?is wrong con/ruction4 ,!n come ! !ories 9 ref]5ce to ! cause ( ?is assum$ mal=mation ( m9d4 ,!re are only two ev] assign$1 viz41 ,god & man3 ,god by creation1 & man by s9n+ 9 ,adam or be=e ,adam 9 a pre-exi/5t /ate4 ,by ^? :o ascribe ! de$ to ,god1 x is claim$ t he p]petrat$ ?is :olesale wrong to our race 9 "o ( two ways1 viz41 ei!r by ! direct miscreation ( ea* m9d at or ne> ! "t ( bir?1 or by creat+ su* a con/itution ( ?+s t by "o wrong act ! fir/ pair transmitt$1 f p>5t to *ild1 ?r\gh ! :ole race1 a vitiat$ & deprav$ m5tal con/itution4 ,we n[ resort to ! ,bible to asc]ta9 :at are its tea*+s on ?is subject4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 we f9d a con/ant recognition ( ! fact ( a deprav$ action ( m9d1 & t ?is comm5ces at ! e>lie/ p]iod ( life4 ,on ?is1 z a reveal$ fact1 !re is no debate4 ,next1 9 reg>d to ! !ories in/itut$ to acc\nt = ?is fact4 ,"h we %all only discuss ! commonly accept$ !ory ( ! ,*ri/ian _w1 & leave ! o!r = ! future volume4 ,! ma9 reliance = ! support ( ! common !ory ( a miscreat$ m9d is f\nd 9 ,g5esis1 *apt]s i4 & v41 :i*1 x is claim$1 tea*es1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ,god c\ld & did create ! fir/ human pair ) m9ds p]fectly organiz$1 &1 next1 t aft] !y s9n$1 _! desc5dants came into life ) a deprav$ m5tal con/itution4 ,! passages read ?us3 ,g541 i41 #bf1 #bg3 ,& ,god said1 ',let u make man 9 our image1 aft] our lik5ess4' ,s ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image2 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ he him1 male & female creat$ he !m4 ,g541 v41 #c3 ,& ,adam begat a son 9 8 own lik5ess1 aft] 8 image1 & call$ 8 "n ,se?4 ,! :ole "q 9 ^! passages turns on ! mean+ ( ! words image & lik5ess4 ,n[ ! only conceptions possible ( ! image or lik5ess ( a human m9d to its spiritual ,creator are1 fir/1 resemblance 9 its con/itutional p[]s ( intellect1 susceptibility1 & w1 &1 next1 resemblance 9 ! action ( ^! faculties4 ,t man is ! image & lik5ess ( 8 ,mak] 9 con/itutional p[]s is cle>1 because we c n h any conception ( ! ,creator b z ( a m9d l our own1 inf9ite 9 ! ext5t ( su* capacities4 ,?is1 !n1 is "o respect 9 :i* ! fir/ pair c\ld be 9 ! image or lik5ess to ,god4 ,! o!r only conceivable respect 9 :i* !y c\ld resemble _! ,creator is by _! own volunt>y action1 & ?is c n be conceiv$ ( z creat$4 ,man is ! sole produc+ cause 7see page #aeh7 ( 8 own volunt>y acts1 :i* alone decide moral "*4 ,%\ld ,god create ^!1 man w\ld cease to be _! au?or & cease to be a free ag5t4 ,x is ?us manife/ t a m9d c be creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 s f> z we c conceive1 only 9 its con/itutional p[]s ( intellect1 susceptibility1 & w4 ,?is be+ e/abli%$ z ! mean+ ( ! ^w :5 x is said t ,adam begat ,se? 9 8 own image1 if x has ref]5ce to ! m9d alone1 or *iefly1 !n x means t ! m5tal organization ( ! *ild 0 l ! p>5t's1 & ?us l ! ,creator's4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! *ief passages :i* are suppos$ to be> on ?is subject are 9 ,romans1 *apt] v4 ,^! are ! ma9 texts3 ,v]se #ab3 ,:]e=e z by "o man s9 ent]$ into ! _w1 & dea? by s91 & s dea? pass$ ^u all m5 = t all h s9n$4 ,v]se #ai3 ,= z by "o man's disob$i5ce _m 7 made s9n]s1 s by ! ob$i5ce ( "o %all _m be made righte\s4 ,"h we aga9 are to discrim9ate betwe5 facts & !ories4 ,! facts "h /at$ are1 t by "o man s9 ent]$ into ! _w1 & dea? by s92 t dea? comes on all m5 because all s92 & t by "o man's disob$i5ce _m 7 made s9n]s4 ,!n come ! !ories z to ! mode by :i* _m 7 made s9n]s by ! s9 ( "o man4 ,"h ! ,bible is sil5t4 ,b !ologians h manufactur$ ! !ory t :5 ,adam s9n$ ! con/itution ( 8 m9d 0 *ang$1 & !n t ?is nature 0 transmitt$ to 8 desc5dants4 ,all ?is is )\t a ^w ( pro(4 ,o!rs h assum$ t all mank9d 7 exi/+ 9 ,adam1 & s9n$ 9 him1 & fell ) him1 :i* is bo? un9telligible1 & equally )\t support f ! ,bible4 ,^!1 x is believ$1 are all ev] claim$ z direct ,scripture evid5ce ( a deprav$ con/itution ( m9d consequ5t on ,adam's s94 ,two o!r passages are quot$ z hav+ an indirect be>+ on ?is subject4 ,!y are z foll[s3 #b ,pet]1 ii41 #d3 ,= if ,god sp>$ n ! angels t s9n$1 b ca/ !m d[n to hell1 & deliv]$ !m into *a9s ( d>kness to be res]v$ unto judgm5t-- ,jude1 #f v]se3 ,& ! angels :i* kept n _! fir/ e/ate1 b left _! own habitation1 he ha? res]v$ 9 ev]la/+ *a9s "u d>kness unto ! judgm5t ( ! great day4 ,9 reg>d to ^! passages1 we are to notice1 z be=e1 fir/1 ! facts reveal$1 &1 next1 ! !ories in/itut$ 9 reg>d to !m4 ,! facts are1 t !re are two classes ( angels1 ^? t h s9n$ & ^? t h n2 t ^? t s9n$ kept n _! fir/ e/ate1 b left _! habitations2 t ,god ca/ !m d[n to hell1 & t !y are res]v$ 9 *a9s ( d>kness unto ! judgm5t ( ! great day4 ,^! are all ! facts disclos$4 ,n a ^w is said z to ! cause or reason :y "s s9n$ & "s did n1 nor z to ! mode or mann] by :i* ^! ev5ts 7 br\ght ab\t4 ,"h ! !ories come 94 ,^? :o ma9ta9 ! depravity ( ! human m5tal con/itution frame _! !ory on ^! passages ?us3 ,x is "h taught t !re are a class ( m9ds t h nev] s9n$4 ,!re mu/ be a cause = ?is div]sity f man's exp]i5ce4 ,?is cause is a p]fect m5tal con/itution4 ,?is1 x is se51 is a m]e assumption1 )\t a ^w ( pro( f ! passages quot$6 ,:at is q z rem>kable is1 t ?is !ory is ma9ta9$ 9 ! face ( ! concession t bo? ,adam & ! fall5 angels 7 z well end[$ z ! uns9n+ angels 9 reg>d to m5tal con/itution1 & yet t !y all s9n$ j z ! desc5dants ( ,adam h done4 ,?is dogma has be5 su/a9$ by c]ta9 misconceptions t %\ld be consid]$4 ,! fir/ is 9 ! use ( ! t]m nature4 ,z ?is ^w is ord9>ily us$1 x signifies t con/itution1 receiv$ f ! ,au?or ( all ?+s1 :i* makes c]ta9 results or effects inv>iable4 ,?us1 :5 a f\nta9 inv>iably s5ds =? bitt] wat]s1 x is call$ its nature to d s2 :5 a tree inv>iably produces bitt] fruit1 ?is is call$ its nature4 ,n[ if x 0 a fact t ! human m9d nev] act$ "r1 b inv>iably wrong1 x w\ld be prop] to apply ?is t]m1 & to say t 9 its nature x 0 totally deprav$4 ,b ?is is n ! fact4 ,s9 is a transgression ( law1 & e *ild1 f ! fir/1 sometimes obeys & sometimes disobeys ! physical1 social1 & moral laws ( ,god4 ,no *ild ev] inv>iably breaks !m1 b sometimes obeys & sometimes disobeys4 ,b !ologians h my/ifi$ ! subject by assum+ ! v ?+ to be prov$1 & !n reason+ 9 a circle4 ,?us !y assume1 n only )\t1 b contr>y to evid5ce1 t all human m9ds inv>iably act wrong f ! fir/2 !re=e !re mu/ be a cause1 & ?is cause is ! nature receiv$1 directly or indirectly1 f ! ,creator4 ,!n !y assume t1 z e m9d is totally deprav$ 9 its nature1 x c no m produce holy acts ?an a corrupt tree c produce good fruit1 or a bitt] f\nta9 s5d =? sweet wat]s4 ,ano!r misconception :i* has emb>rass$ ?is subject has aris5 f ! supposition t x is irrev]5t1 & contr>y to ! ,bible1 to all[ any limitation to almighty p[]1 ev5 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,b x c be cle>ly %[n t e p]son :o ma9ta9s t !re is a ,creator :o is p]fect 9 wisdom & b5evol5ce1 does1 by ?is ass]tion1 ma9ta9 t v limitation to :i* ! objection is made4 ,?is is %[n by means ( accurate def9itions4 ,?us p]fect wisdom is t :i* adapts ! be/ possible means to ! be/ possible ends4 ,p]fect b5evol5ce is t :i* produces ! greate/ possible good ) ! lea/ possible evil4 ,t is to say1 a ,creator :o is p]fect 9 wisdom & goodness has done ! be/ t possibly c be done = ! great univ]se ( m9d 9 all its inf9ite & et]nal relations4 ,?is be+ s1 c]ta9ly ,he has no p[] to d bett]4 ,! only way ?is is evad$ is by us+ diff]5t words t mean ! same ?+1 & !n refus+ to def9e ^! words1 or to accept exact def9itions ( !m f o!rs4 ,! infidel1 :o all[s a ,god ( p]fect goodness & wisdom1 & ! /rict ,calv9i/1 :o is %ock$ at he>+ t ,god has no p[] to make a bett] sy/em1 or "o t has less ( evil1 say ! v same ?+ !mselves1 only 9 m vague & mi/y modes ( expression4 ,!y1 !re=e1 are preclud$ f object+ to positions t involve su* a limitation1 :5 x is ! v "o :i* !y !mselves assume4 ,to affirm t almighty p[] c make black :ite & yet black at ! same "t1 or a /raight l9e crook$ & /ill /raight1 ev5 ! /ricte/ uphold]s ( ! ext5t ( almighty p[] w\ld hesitate to affirm1 because !y are contradictions & absurdities4 ,b !y tea* equal contradictions :o claim t a m9d c be creat$ ) k1 habits1 & exp]i5ce1 :5 x has _h nei!r in/ruction1 tra9+1 or exp]i5ce4 ,in/ead ( claim+ ^! absurdities z includ$ 9 our ideas ( ?is attribute ( ,deity1 we are r to assume t by almighty p[] is signifi$ a p[] to d all ?+s except contradictions & absurdities4 ,?us has be5 pres5t$ :at is claim$ z ! evid5ce 9 ! ,bible 9 favor ( a deprav$ m5tal con/itution 9 ! human race1 & x is ma9ta9$ t x am\nts to no?+ at all4 ,?is be+ s1 !n we appeal to ! pr9ciple ( reason & common s5se 7p4 #be71 t no?+ is to be assum$ z true unless !re is "s evid5ce t x is s4 ,moreov]1 9 ,*apt]s xxii4 & xxiii4 is exhibit$ ! evid5ce ( reason & exp]i5ce t ! human m9d is p]fectly organiz$1 & ?us ! highe/ evid5ce ( its ,mak]'s wisdom & b5evol5ce4 ,s we c aga9 appeal to ano!r pr9ciple ( reason1 t we are to consid] t "r :i* has ! balance ( evid5ce 9 its favor4 ,if !re is no evid5ce to prove ! m9d ( man deprav$ 9 organization1 & all ! evid5ce ( reason & exp]i5ce is 9 favor ( its p]fect organization1 is x n to be assum$ t x is ?us p]fect8 ,to ?is might be add$ ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible 9 ! same direction4 ,b ?is is def]r$ to ! future volume4 ,9 ! pres5t illu/rative example1 ! aim is simply to exhibit ! fallacy ( "o ( ! !ological !ories t has be5 incorporat$ z a "p ( ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible1 ?us less5+ ! respect & confid5ce accord$ to x1 & imp$+ ! true religi\s developm5t ( our race4 ,h[ x has happ5$ t a dogma1 :i* is s contr>y to ! moral feel+s & ! common s5se ( man1 &1 at ! same "t1 unsupport$ by revelation1 %\ld h become s incorporat$ ) ! tea*+s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 w be set =? 9 ! next article4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,dogma4 ,! hi/ory ( ! dogma ( ! deprav$ con/itution ( ! human m9d imp>t$ directly or indirectly by ! creative ag5cy ( its ,mak] has become a matt] ( pr(\nd int]e/4 ,s f> z appe>s1 !ories on ! philosophy ( religion did n agitate ! apo/olic age4 ,*ri/ianity fir/ spread among ! humbl] classes4 ,!y felt t !y 7 s9ful & mis]able 9 ! pres5t life1 & look$ ) dread & dismay to ! d>k passage ( ! grave & ! de/9ies to foll[4 ,!y 7 taught to believe on ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t ?us !y w\ld become good & happy n[ & =ev]4 ,?is !y und]/ood to mean1 n a m]e intellectual conviction1 b a practical fai?1 9 :i* ,*ri/ 0 receiv$ z _! supreme ,"l & tea*] by con=m+ _! feel+s & conduct to 8 tea*+s4 ,b1 aft] a :ile1 ! philosoph]s & rul]s became ,*ri/ians1 & !n comm5c$ ! two gr& evils3 fir/1 ! !ories ( philosophy1 &1 next1 ! en=c+ ( ^! !ories by pa9s & p5alties4 ,ab\t ,a4,d4 #djj comm5c$ ! discussion ( ! !ory "u consid]ation4 ,pelagius1 a le>n$ & dev\t man ( ,great ,brita91 aid$ by 8 fri5d ,celcius1 promulgat$ ! common-s5se views on ! nature ( m9d d]iv$ f reason & exp]i5ce1 ma9ly z set =? 9 ?is volume1 & claim$ t ^! views 7 su/a9$ by ! tea*+s ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,he & 8 fri5d travel$ & dissem9at$ ^! views 9 ,great ,brita91 ,france1 ,africa1 ,italy1 & ,pale/9e1 ov] :i* ,*ri/ianity to a great ext5t prevail$4 ,! celebrat$ ,augu/9e1 a man ( great goodness1 tal5ts1 & le>n+1 became _! lead+ antagoni/4 ,he set =? ! philosophical !ories aft]w>d adopt$ & taught by ,calv9 9 ! =m :i* is n[ d5om9at$ ! sy/em ( ,high ,calv9ism4 ,?is sy/em />ts ) ! assumption 7)\t pro(7 t ! ,creator c\ld =m m9d on a m p]fect model ?an t ( our race1 & t he prov$ x by =m+ ! m9ds ( angels & ( our fir/ p>5ts on ?is patt]n4 ,b1 z a p5alty = "o act ( disob$i5ce by !m1 fir/ _! own m5tal con/itution 0 vitiat$4 ,next1 9 ! language ( /&>d ,calv9i/s1 ,su* z man 0 aft] ! fall1 su* *ildr5 did he beget2 corruption1 by ! righte\s judgm5t ( ,god1 be+ d]iv$ f ,adam to 8 po/]ity1 n by imitation1 b by ! propagation ( a vici\s nature4 ,:]e=e all m5 are conceiv$ 9 s91 & are born *ildr5 ( wra?2 unfit = e good connect$ ) salvation2 prone to evil1 dead 9 s9s1 &1 )\t ! ,holy ,_s reg5]at+ !m1 !y nei!r w nor c return to ,god1 am5d _! deprav$ nature1 nor dispose !mselves = its am5dm5t4 ,m5 be+ ?us t]ribly incapacitat$ = "r action1 s t !y h no p[] to am5d _! deprav$ nature1 nor ev5 to dispose !mselves = its am5dm5t1 ! :ole race became liable n only to ! pa9s & p5alties ( s9 ?r\gh ?is life1 b to et]nal & hopeless mis]y beyond ! grave4 ,nor c\ld any "o ( ! race d a s+le ?+ to escape ?is doom1 or to induce ! ,au?or ( _! ,be+ to pity or help !m4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 a c]ta9 portion ( ! race 7 elect$ by ,god to be re/or$ to ! /ate f :i* _! fir/ p>5ts fell by ! ,holy ,_s reg5]at+ !m1 :ile all ! re/ 7 left to et]nal torm5ts1 to illu/rate ,god's ju/ice & hatr$ ( s96 ,moreov]1 :oev] 0 ?us elect$ 0 sure to p]sev]e4 ,^! t5ets are usually call$ ! five po9ts ( ,calv9ism1 viz41 orig9al s91 total depravity1 election1 reg5]ation1 & sa9ts' p]sev]ance4 ,pelagius d5i$ t !re 0 any diff]5ce betwe5 ! m5tal con/itution ( ,adam & 8 desc5dants1 or any o!r connection betwe5 8 & _! s9s ?an always exi/s betwe5 ! s9s ( *ildr5 & ^? ( _! p>5ts4 ,( c\rse1 ! vitiat$ nature imp>t$ directly or indirectly by ,god1 & ! t5ets bas$ on x1 7 d5i$ by him4 ,at ?is p]iod all matt]s ( doctr9e 7 settl$ by ecclesia/ical c\ncils4 ,! fir/ c\ncil on ?is matt] 0 9 ,africa1 &1 l$ by ,augu/9e1 !y condemn$ ! views ( ,pelagius4 ,! two next c\ncils 7 9 ,pale/9e1 & bo? su/a9$ 8 tea*+s4 ,next1 9 ,italy1 ! ,pope1 !n at ! e>ly p]iod ( pontifical p[]1 fir/ su/a9$ ,pelagius1 b f9ally1 by ! ex]tions ( ,augu/9e & 8 p>ty1 0 l$ to condemn him ) ! greate/ sev]ity4 ,f9ally1 ! emp]ors 7 enli/$ aga9/ him ) _! civil pa9s & p5alties4 ,! result 01 ,pelagius & 8 foll[]s suff]$ ! p]ils & mis]ies ( civil & ecclesia/ical p]secution4 ,& ?us1 says ! hi/orian1 ! ,gauls1 ,britons1 & ,africans by _! c\ncils1 & ! emp]ors by _! edicts1 demoli%$ ?is sect 9 its infancy1 & suppress$ x entirely4 ,x is v probable t1 if ,pelagius _h _h ! p[] & adroitness ( ,augu/9e1 ! edicts ( emp]ors & decrees ( c\ncils w\ld h ma9ta9$ 8 views1 & ^? ( ,augu/9e w\ld h gone into obscurity4 ,b ev] s9ce t day ! organiz$ p[] ( ! ,lat91 ,greek1 & ,prote/ant *ur*es h be5 array$ to su/a9 ! !ories ?us inaugurat$4 ,b ! common s5se & ! moral nature ( man h ma9ta9$ a feeble b ceaseless w>f>e aga9/ ! t5ets ( ! ,augu/9ian & ,calv9i/ic cre$1 :ile n[ ?is conflict ( ages is invigorat$ by ! int]v5tion ( a new p[]4 ,! au?ority ( c\ncils1 popes1 & emp]ors is on ! wane1 :ile ! p are fa/ advanc+ to t position ( umpires 9 ! moral & religi\s _w :i* !y h ga9$ 9 ! political4 ,9 ?is long & unequal /ruggle1 ! pr9cipal actors s9ce ! days ( ,pelagius h be51 9 ! fir/ place1 ,arm9ius at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation4 ,:ile ma9ta9+ ! f\ndation dogma ( a deprav$ m5tal con/itution consequ5t ^u ,adam's s91 he /rove to give "s slight feature ( humanity & t5d]ness to ! consequ5t sy/em by ma9ta9+ t !re 0 "s way 9 :i* man1 9 spite ( 8 ru9$ nature1 c\ld atta9 "s "r feel+ & action acceptable to 8 ,creator1 & t5d+ 9 "s degree to rem$y ! dreadful calamity inflict$ on ! race4 ,! hi/orian ?us n>rates3 ,aft] ! appo9tm5t ( ,arm9ius to ! !ological *air at ,leyd5 7,univ]sity71 he ?\ght x 8 duty to av[ & v9dicate ! pr9ciples :i* he _h embrac$1 & ! fre$om ) :i* he publi%$ & def5d$ !m expos$ him to ! res5tm5t ( ^? t adh]$ to ! !ological sy/em ( ,g5eva 7,calv9i/ic71 :i* prevail$ 9 ,holl&4 ,! ,arm9ian doctr9es ga9$ gr\nd "u ! mild & favorable treatm5t ( ! magi/rates ( ,holl&1 & 7 adopt$ by sev]al p]sons ( m]it & di/9ction4 ,! ,calv9i/s appeal$ to a national synod4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,synod ( ,dort 0 conv5$ 7by ! ,/ates-,g5]al71 & 0 compos$ ( ecclesia/ical deputies f ! ,unit$ ,prov9ces1 z well z f ! ,re=m$ *ur*es ( ,engl&1 ,hessia1 ,brem51 ,switz]l&1 & ! ,palat9ate4 ,x 0 fir/ propos$ to discuss ! pr9cipal subjects 9 dispute1 & t ! ,arm9ians %\ld be all[$ to /ate & v9dicate ! gr\nds on :i* _! op9ions 7 f\nd$4 ,b "s diff]5ce aris+ z to ! prop] c\rse ( conduct+ ! debate1 ! ,arm9ians 7 exclud$ f ! assembly1 _! case 0 tri$ 9 _! abs5ce1 & !y 7 pron\nc$ guilty ( pe/il5tial errors1 & condemn$ z corrupt]s ( ! true religion6 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is decision1 ! ,arm9ians 7 consid]$ z enemies to _! c\ntry & its e/abli%$ religion1 & 7 mu* p]secut$4 ,!y 7 treat$ ) great sev]ity1 depriv$ ( all _! po/s & employm5ts1 _! m9i/]s sil5c$1 & _! congregations suppress$4 ,! great ,b>nevelt 0 behead$1 & ! le>n$ ,grotius fl$ & took refuge 9 ,france4 ,?us x is se5 t1 :ile ,pelagius & 8 foll[]s 7 wa/$ by p]secution 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,calv9i/ic sy/em "u ,augu/9e1 ! attempt to s(t5 its h>d features by ,arm9ius 0 put d[n by ! same me?od4 ,b1 9 spite ( all su* opposition1 ,arm9ianism ga9$ gr\nd1 & ! ,arm9ian & ,calv9i/ic sy/ems h exi/$ side by side 9 mo/ ,prote/ant communions4 ,9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & =m]ly 9 ! ,me?odi/ *ur*es1 ^! two p>ties h exi/$4 ,s 9 ! ,presbyt]ian1 ,congregational1 & ,bapti/ *ur*es1 !re has always be5 a division 9 ref]5ce to ! t5ets ( ,calv9ism1 "s hold+ !m /rictly accord+ to ,augu/9e & ,calv91 & o!rs m or less modify+ _! /]n] features by v>i\s !ories & expositions4 ,! ma9 po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two classes is 9 ref]5ce to t mo/ di%e>t5+ & deplorable t5et ( m5's entire inability to am5d _! deprav$ nature1 or ev5 to dispose !mselves = its am5dm5t4 ,! /rict ,calv9i/ ma9ta9s t ! m9d ( man is s entirely ru9$ 9 its nature t no "o b ! ,au?or ( m9d c rectify x1 :ile he c 9 no way be mov$ to ?is act ( m]cy 7ju/ice87 by any ?+ ! unr5ew$ creature c d4 ,! ,arm9ian sects hold t1 ?\gh ! natural man is utt]ly incapable ( any acceptable moral action 9 himself1 yet1 ?r\gh ! atonem5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 he is end[$ ) a graci\s sup]natural ability1 by :i* he c accept ! (f]s ( salvation4 ,?is1 x is suppos$1 is a /atem5t t mo/ ,arm9ians w\ld accept z express+ _! views4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 ! e>lie/ lead] ( an attempt to modify ! ,calv9i/ic sy/em 0 ! celebrat$ metaphysician1 ,jona?an ,edw>ds4 ,:ile ma9ta9+1 z did ,arm9ius1 ! f\ndation !ory ( an utt]ly deprav$ m5tal con/itution ( ! race z a p5alty = ! fir/ act ( disob$i5ce1 he fir/ labor$ to prove ?is p5alty to be j1 inasmu* z 9 "s my/]i\s way ! :ole race exi/$ 9 ,adam1 & s9n$ j z he did1 ?us becom+ ! au?ors ( _! own m5tal ru9 & incapacity4 ,& inasmu* z our moral nature revolts f ! infliction ( p5alties = n do+ :at !re is no p[] to d1 he orig9at$ a metaphysical !ory to ?is effect3 t1 9 spite ( ! injury result+ f ?is fir/ s9 ( ! :ole race1 !re is full p[] & obligation 9 e human be+ to obey all t ! laws ( ,god dem&$1 b t man is unwill+ in/ead ( unable4 ,?is unwill+ness is ! result ( t fir/ s9 ( ! race2 & s great is its p]t9acity1 t no man ev] did or ev] w feel or act "r 9 a s+le case1 f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( life1 until reg5]at$ by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,nei!r w !y d any ?+ to am5d _! deprav$ nature1 or to dispose !mselves to its am5dm5t2 nor w any man1 be=e reg5]ation by ! ,holy ,_s1 d a s+le ?+ t has ev5 any t5d5cy to ga9 ?is ,div9e aid1 b x is all dep5d5t on sov]eign1 unconditional election4 ,/ill worse1 ! m ef=ts an unr5ew$ man makes to love & obey ,god1 ! m wick$ he gr[s1 because he is volunt>ily resi/+ increas$ light & obligation 9 refus+ to reg5]ate himself1 :i*1 on ?is !ory1 he _h full p[] to d4 ,z x respects ,god1 ?is !ory1 inde$1 relieves 8 "* v ess5tially2 b z to af=d+ any com=t to man1 x only adds a new ?orn to w\nd s5sitive consci5ces4 ,= no man c\ld possibly help feel+ t :51 accord+ to ,high ,calv9ism1 he _h no p[] at all to d "r1 he 0 reliev$ f "s portion ( obligation1 ev5 if1 six ?\s& ye>s ago1 he did jo9 ,adam 9 t s9ful repa/4 ,b ,presid5t ,edw>ds & 8 foll[]s took away ?is small alleviation1 & put ! :ole blame entirely on ! deprav$ & guilty creature1 bo? = ! ru9 ( ! fall & ! refusal to rem$y ! evil4 ,?is attempt to prove t ,god does n require m5 to p]=m :at !y h no p[] to d1 has be5 reg>d$ z a mo/ t]rific h]esy by ! /rict ,calv9i/1 :ile = ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s ,new ,engl& & ! :ole ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* h be5 agitat$ by x4 ,aga9 & aga91 "s ( ! wise/ & be/ ( _! cl]gy h be5 arraign$ = ?is h]esy1 ) ! ?reat5$ or inflict$ p5alty ( loss ( "*1 pr(ession1 & daily bread = !mselves & _! families4 ,?ree times ! au?or has se5 a rev]$ p>5t ?us arraign$4 ,& 9 ^! ecclesia/ical trials1 %e has h]self he>d o!rwise s5sible p]sons ma9ta9+ t m5 7 requir$ by _! ,mak] to d :at !y _h no p[] ( any k9d to d1 "u ! p5alty ( et]nal damnation1 & t x 0 a dang]\s h]esy to ma9ta9 t ,god did n ?us require x4 ,ano!r attempt to modify ! ,augu/9ian dogma is f\nd 9 ! "w entitl$ ,! ,conflict ( ,ages1 by ! ,rev4 ,edw>d ,bee*]4 ,! !ory !re pres5t$ 0 fir/ />t$ by ! great & le>n$ ,orig5 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 & has be5 advocat$ by individuals ev] s9ce4 ,x assumes ! entire & fatal depravity ( ! m5tal organization1 b relieves ! ,creator ( all blame by assum+ t e human m9d 0 creat$ ) a p]fect m5tal organization1 & plac$ 9 ! mo/ favorable circum/ances possible 9 a pre-exi/5t /ate2 & yet ! same sad results !n occurr$ z our race are approa*+1 viz41 ! exi/5ce ( two classes ( m9ds1 ! holy & ! s9ful4 ,meantime ?is _w 0 prep>$ z a m]ciful arrangem5t to af=d a second probation to ^? :o ru9$ !mselves 9 ! pre-exi/5t /ate4 ,?is !ory entirely relieves ! ,creator ( all blame1 b gives no o!r help or com=t to ! mis]able race ( man4 ,x c]ta9ly is a com=t to feel t our ,mak] is n a be+ :o ru9s 8 creatures 9 ! v process ( creation1 & !n exposes !m to et]nal1 hopeless mis]y z ! consequ5ce ( x4 ,b :oev] believes ?is pre-exi/5t !ory takes ! load ( a guilty consci5ce = all he consid]s z wrong 9 8 own m5tal con/itution1 & = all ! dreadful consequ5ces4 ,^! sev]al !ories all 7 orig9at$ to escape f ! inevitable d$uction ( reason1 t ,god1 z ! au?or ( a deprav$ con/itution ( m9d1 is himself deprav$4 ,& yet nei!r ( !m avails b "o ( ! two pre-exi/5t !ories1 t makes man himself ! au?or ( ?is ru9 ( 8 own m9d1 ei!r 9 ,adam or be=e ,adam1 :ile nei!r ( ^! is support$ ei!r by reason or revelation4 ,moreov]1 nei!r ( ^! !ories c\ld be e/abli%$ by revelation = want ( means to prove a revelation to be+s :o f9d !mselves end[$ ) miscreat$ m9ds1 z has be5 %[n on pages #bhg & #bhh ( ?is volume4 ,ano!r ef=t to *ange ! h>d features ( ,calv9ism 0 by ! ,new ,hav5 s*ool ( !ologians4 ,^! g5tlem5 ma9ta9$ t a holy nature & a s9ful nature 7 n :at c\ld be creat$1 inasmu* z all s9 implies a k ( :at a morally "r *oice is & p[] to make su* a *oice1 :ile x consi/s n at all 9 a wrong nature or con/itution1 b solely 9 wrong volunt>y action4 ,?is is precisely :at1 z ! au?or supposes1 0 ! doctr9e ( ,pelagius 9 opposition to t ( ,augu/9e1 & = ! propagation ( :i*1 popes1 emp]ors1 & c\ncils drove ,pelagius & 8 foll[]s f _! *ur*es4 ,a simil> p5alty seem$ = a :ile to await ! ,new ,hav5 innovators2 =1 z pr(essors 9 a !ological sem9>y connect$ ) ! mo/ influ5tial univ]sity 9 ! nation1 _! doctr9e on ?is subject occasion$ a controv]sy t agitat$ all ! ,new ,engl& z well z ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*es4 ,at ! same "t1 an e>ne/ controv]sy 0 9 progress ) ! ,unit>ian sect1 :i* _h adopt$ ?is t5et ( ,pelagius z a "p ( _! cre$4 ,( c\rse1 ! *>ge1 bo? ( ,pelagianism & ,unit>ianism1 0 rife all ov] ! l& aga9/ ^! innovators on ! e/abli%$ cre$ ( ! *ur*es4 ,to meet ?is1 ^! g5tlem5 ma9ta9$ t !y _h n ess5tially dep>t$ f ! sy/em ( ,new ,engl& div9ity z exhibit$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,presid5t ,edw>ds4 ,?us !y _h two labors to p]=m--! "o to ma9ta9 ! doctr9e t s9 consi/$ solely 9 wrong action & n at all 9 nature1 & ! o!r to %[ t 9 ?is !y did n diff] f ,edw>ds4 ,9 attempt+ ! fir/1 at "o "t & ano!r1 !y h ma9ta9$ t mank9d s9ce ! fall are z truly creat$ 9 ,god's image z ,adam 02 t ! nature ( man is /ill l ! nature ( ,god2 t a corrupt1 deprav$1 or unholy nature c n be affirm$ ( ! human m9d 9 any prop] use ( ^! t]ms4 ,! inquiry1 !n1 mu/ arise1 9 _m m9ds t are famili> ) ! writ+s ( ,presid5t ,edw>ds1 h[ x is possible t m5 s intellig5t & s hone/ %\ld ma9ta9 t on ?is subject !y _h n dep>t$ f ! sy/em ( ,new ,engl& div9ity z exhibit$ by ,edw>ds4 ,to ! au?or ?is enigma is solv$ by ! "* ( ,edw>ds's writ+s1 :i*1 l ^? ( _m o!r metaphysicians :o hold !ories contr>y to common s5se1 are contradictory & inconsi/5t4 ,?us x is se5 t "o class ( v acute m9ds f9d 9 ,edw>ds's ,treatise on ! ,w ! mo/ complete exposition & def5se ( fatalism1 & ?us ! au?or reg>ds x4 ,ano!r class1 equally acute1 claim ?is same essay z a full exposition & def5se ( ! contr>y doctr9e ( free ag5cy4 ,! ,augu/9ian !ory ( a totally deprav$ m9d1 transmitt$ ?r\gh ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* to its re=m$ (fsets1 0 receiv$ by ,edw>ds4 ,he p]ceiv$ t if ,god 0 ! cause ( ?is depravity1 he is ! au?or ( s91 & s he labor$ to prove t all mank9d s9n$ 9 ,adam & fell ) him1 & ?us caus$ _! own depravity4 ,he p]ceiv$1 too1 t requir+ m5 to orig9ate holy acts ) a totally deprav$ nature seem$ to dem& :at !y _h no p[] to p]=m1 & ?us made ,god unju/4 ,s he br\ght =? 8 ,treatise on ! ,w to prove t man _h a natural ability to obey ,god1 & a moral inability2 & s at once he e/abli%$ fatalism to "o class ( m9ds1 & free ag5cy to ano!r4 ,?us x is t ! ,new ,hav5 div9es f9d language 9 ,edw>ds t su/a9s _! views1 :ile _! antagoni/s f9d z mu*1 or m1 t condemns !m4 ,! anci5t foll[]s ( ,pelagius1 ! mod]n ,unit>ians1 & ! lead]s ( ! ,new ,hav5 s*ool ( div9es1 all hold exactly ! position set =? 9 ?is "w ( ! p]fect organization ( ! human m9d1 :ile ! only depravity ma9ta9$ by !m is t ( volunt>y action4 ,at ! same "t1 x is believ$ t b a v small portion ( ! y\ng] cl]gy ( any !ological s*ool 9 ,new ,engl&1 or 9 a l>ge portion ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*es1 w\ld op5ly av[ a belief 9 ! deprav$ m5tal con/itution ( man z creat$ by ,god1 ei!r directly at or ne> bir?1 or indirectly by h]$it>y transmission4 ,x is int]e/+1 yet sad1 to trace ! dom9ant influ5ce ( ! ,augu/9ian !ory ( a deprav$ m5tal con/itution 9 orig9at+ mo/ ( ! lead+ sects ( ! pres5t ,*ri/ian _w4 ,man be+ assum$ to be ?us mis]ably miscreat$1 & 8 sole hope be+ ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/ to recreate1 ! prie/hood soon claim$ to be ! only m$ium ?r\gh :i* ?is gift c\ld pass2 & hav+ ! et]nal life & dea? ( ! s\l 9 _! h&s1 !y spe$ily ?us ga9$ t dome/ic1 civil1 & religi\s p[] :i* made ! papal hi]>*y ! mo/ trem5d\s tyranny t e>? ev] witness$4 ,! "q ( ! transmission ( ?is p[] ?r\gh prop]ly orda9$ p]sons 0 ! *ief feature ( ! ,episcopal organization4 ,mo/ ( ! o!r l>ge sects 9 ?is c\ntry are desc5d$ f ! ,puritans1 :o1 z x appe>s1 7 ! fir/ to in/itute a *ur* z consi/+ solely ( p]sons :o pr(ess to be reg5]at$ on ! !ory ( ! r5ewal ( a mis=m$ or deprav$ m9d4 ,! ,greek1 ,roman1 ,episcopal1 ,scot*1 & ,european ,prote/ants recognize no su* organization1 all be+ born into ! ,*ur*2 & ?is seems to h be5 ! case 9 ! fir/ *ur*es ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :]e p>5ts & _! families1 & all :o jo9$ _! communities1 7 consid]$ z con/itut+ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 :e!r reg5]at$ or n4#d ,s1 9 ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 all :o submitt$ to ! initiatory rite 7 memb]s1 )\t respect to religi\s atta9m5ts 9 "*4 ,?is new pr9ciple ( organization1 orig9at+ ) ! ,puritans1 is reta9$ among mo/ sects 9 ?is nation1 & is ! f\ndation ( _! sep>ate organizations4 ,?us ! ,bapti/s are sep>at$ on ! "q ( ! mode ( adm9i/]+ ! rite ( admission to ?is ,*ur*4 ,! ,presbyt]ians & ,congregationali/s sep>ate on ! "q ( appo9t+ ! (fic]s ( ?is organization4 ,! ,me?odi/s are an (fset f ! ,episcopal ,*ur*1 ) ref]5ce *iefly to modes ( br++ m5 into _! ,*ur*4 ,all agree t x is reg5]ate p]sons alone :o are fully memb]s ( ?is organization4 ,!re are div]sities ( op9ion z to ! relation ( baptiz$ *ildr5 to ?is body1 b none all[ !m to be admitt$ to its di/9ctive ord9ance except !y pr(ess to be reg5]at$4 ,x is a matt] = int]e/+ conjecture z to ! probable results on ,*ri/5dom _h ! !ory ( ,pelagius be5 e/abli%$ by pope1 emp]or1 & c\ncils in/ead ( t ( ,augu/9e4 ,9 t case we may suppose t ! ef=ts & en]gies ( ! *ur*es1 in/ead ( to ^! rites & =ms1 w\ld h be5 ma9ly direct$ to ! "r tra9+ ( ! human m9d 9 ob$i5ce to all ! physical1 dome/ic1 social1 & moral laws ( ! ,creator4 ,in/ead ( in/itut+ two /&>ds ( "r & wrong1 ! common & ! evangelical1 z is n[ s g5]ally done1 *ildr5 w\ld h be5 taught t all t 0 j1 honorable1 b5evol5t1 & lovely 9 _! feel+s & conduct 0 z acceptable & "r to ,god z x is to m54 ,_! p>5ts1 in/ead ( t s5se ( helpless inability result+ f ! belief t _! little ones c\ld feel & d no?+ b s9 until new m5tal p[]s 7 giv51 & t ! gift 0 be/[$ by ! rule ( sov]eign election1 w\ld h felt t e successful ef=t to cultivate all lovely & "r habits & feel+s 0 advanc+ _! (fspr+ ne>] to ,god & _! heav5ly home1 & t1 :5 _! wisdom fail$1 ! promise ( ! ,com=t] 0 giv5 to enc\rage !m 9 ?is great "w4 ,?us !y w\ld expect _! *ildr5 to become new creatures 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus by ! comb9$ influ5ce ( ! heav5ly & e>?ly p>5ts gradually trans=m+ _! ignorance & selfi%ness to k & b5evol5ce4 ,t ! !ory ( ,augu/9e1 orig9ally e/abli%$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es by pa9s & p5alties1 is /ill su/a9$ !re by su* influ5ces1 is app>5t f ^! facts4 ,al?\gh !re is a l>ge am\nt ( real virtue & piety t is n )9 ! pale ( any sect>ian organization1 yet ! va/ majority ( consci5ti\s p]sons are ei!r enroll$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 or intimately connect$ ) x 9 pr9ciple & feel+4 ,all ?is intellectual & moral p[] is organiz$ into v>i\s d5om9ations1 ea* controll$ & l$ by a numb] ( highly-educat$1 consci5ti\s1 & religi\s m54 ,) ^! d5om9ations are connect$ high positions 9 ! pulpit1 ) great influ5ce & lib]al sal>ies2 lit]>y in/itutions1 ) po/s ( honor & compet5cy2 & !ological sem9>ies t are ! c5tral ecclesia/ical ma9spr+s ( influ5ce4 ,!n !re are connect$ ) ea* d5om9ation l>ge volunt>y associations = b5evol5t purposes1 ) (fic]s :o control l>ge pecuni>y means4 ,f9ally1 ea* sect has its qu>t]lies1 mon?lies1 & its religi\s newspap]s1 ^: editors are speak+ e day to ! m9ds ( ?\s&s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s4 ,n[ x is a fact t ?is va/ array ( weal?1 position1 influ5ce1 & ecclesia/ical p[] is actually comb9$ to su/a9 ^! !ological !ories4 ,s mu* is ?is ! case1 t a m9i/]1 !ological pr(essor1 presid5t ( a college1 secret>y ( a b5evol5t society1 or editor ( a p]iodical or newspap]1 c\ld n op5ly d5y ?is ,augu/9ian t5et b "u p5alty ( ! loss ( reputation1 position1 influ5ce1 & ! income t su/a9s himself & family4 ,our l>ge/ & be/ !ological sem9>ies dem& an av[al ( belief 9 ?is dogma z a condition ( hold+ any pr(essor%ip1 & 9 "s ( !m x mu/ be r5ew$ by all ! pr(essors e few ye>s4 ,at ! same "t1 ?is dogma ( a deprav$ m5tal con/itution transmitt$ f ,adam is inwr\ght into all ! /&>d works ( !ology1 ! s]mons1 ! pray]s1 ! sacr$ poetry1 ! popul> lit]ature1 & ev5 ! ,sunday-s*ool & family lit]ature ( *ildhood4 ,! p[] ( su* influ5ces is int5sifi$ by ! pres5t /r+5cy ( sect>ian organization4 ,by ^? :o h m>k$ ! t5d5cies ( ! religi\s _w1 x w be rememb]$ t1 at ! "t ! associations = religi\s b5evol5ce began _! great "w1 all sects seem$ to be h>moniz+ & unit+ 9 ! ef=ts to s5d ,bibles1 tracts1 & mission>ies to ! de/itute4 ,at ?is p]iod1 ! que/ions t sep>at$ ,*ri/ians 9 ref]5ce to modes ( ord9ation1 baptism1 & *ur* (fic]s1 seem$ to disappe> z matt]s ( small mom5t among all ^: great aim 0 to save ! lo/ ( e "n & nation4 ,b1 :ile ?is s]v$ to lib]alize ! feel+s & op9ions ( good m5 9 all sects1 x soon became app>5t to ! lead]s t1 if ^! t5d5cies 7 n c\nt]act$1 ! sects w\ld all come toge!r4 ,if ?is %\ld happ51 :]e w\ld be all ! great ma*9]y t 0 support$ by ^! sev]al d5om9ations = _! di/9ctive aims8 ,soon ! tide turn$1 &1 ?\gh n[ !re is less sect>ian bitt]ness1 & mo/ sects c all[ ea* o!r to be ,*ri/ians ) diff]5t names & badges1 yet ea* is active = its own sep>ate int]e/s m decid$ly ?an ev]4 ,& n[ ! lead+ conc]n ( ea* d5om9ation seems to be1 to increase its own sep>ate *ur*es1 s*ools1 colleges1 !ological sem9>ies1 religi\s p]iodicals1 & b5evol5t associations1 n because ! salvation ( ! lo/ dep5ds on ^! di/9ctive matt]s1 b *iefly z modes ( increas+ ! ext5t1 respectability1 & influ5ce ( _! sect4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 ! importance ( ! po9ts :i* divide ea* f ! o!r mu/ be magnifi$2 = if !re is b a trifl+ diff]5ce betwe5 an ,old ,s*ool & ,new ,s*ool ,*ur*1 or a ,bapti/1 ,congregational1 or a ,presbyt]ian1 !n1 9 small places1 & especially 9 our new settlem5ts1 all ^! w\ld unite 9 "o l>ge1 h>moni\s *ur*1 t c\ld prop]ly support all its own ord9ances1 & s5d ( its surplus to supply ! de/itute4 ,on ! contr>y1 if ^! diff]5ces are magnifi$1 !re w be two1 ?ree1 or f\r small *ur*es1 all cont5d+ ) ea* o!r1 poorly support+ _! own ord9ances1 &1 in/ead ( help+ ! de/itute1 s5d+ to o!r *ur*es ( _! own sect = help4 ,?us x is t we see va/ sums rais$ e ye> to multiply ^! ne$less1 weak1 & militant *ur*es all ov] ! l&4 ,!re are facts on ?is subject t %\ld be deeply pond]$4#e ,s 9 reg>d to education2 al?\gh intellig5ce has dim9i%$ ! ac]bity ( sect>ianism1 x has l$ to a high] appreciation ( educational in/itutions z an elem5t ( sect>ian influ5ce & respectability4 ,f ?is has come ! /ruggle to multiply colleges & female sem9>ies 9 ea* ( ! sev]al d5om9ations4 ,ea* is n[ act+ z a sect 9 />t+ new in/itutions all ov] ! l&1 t dem& imm5se inve/m5ts = build+s1 app>atus1 & end[m5ts1 & ?is )\t ref]5ce to ! actual wants ( ! community4 ,= example1 9 ,indiana1 :]e ! l[ /ate ( common s*ool education makes su* in/itutions lea/ patroniz$1 !re are elev5 end[$ in/itutions1 ) an aggregate income f ^! end[m5ts ( #ad1jjj p] annum1 besides tuition4 ,9 ,ohio !re are tw5ty-six colleges & pr(essional s*ools1 ) an annual income f end[m5ts ( #be1jjj2 & yet1 z appe>s 9 ! public pr9ts1 #ajj1jjj has be5 subscrib$ 9 "o city 9 ?is same /ate to />t ano!r college = ! ,old ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians1 :o are expect$ to raise z mu* m among t sect4 ,besides end[m5ts to support tea*]s1 va/ sums are exp5d$ 9 build+s1 "s ( :i* are /&+ unus$ = ! purpose = :i* ! money to build !m 0 giv54 ,?is is a fair specim5 ( :at is transpir+ 9 mo/ ( ! o!r /ates 9 rais+ new in/itutions or increas+ ! funds ( ^? already />t$4 ,9 ?is way1 two1 ?ree1 & f\r colleges are (t5 f\nd z competitors 9 a section t c\ld prop]ly patronize sc>cely "o4 ,aft] ea* sect has ?us re>$ an in/itution1 x mu/ !n /ruggle to f9d pupils1 & ?us multitudes ( "y boys1 :o are to g into future pursuits :]e su* k w be ( little or no s]vice1 are press$ into a ,lat9 & ,greek c\rse1 :i* probably ! l>g] portion ( !m =sake be=e x is complet$1 ) little k ( anci5t lit]ature1 & f> less ( _! own "m tongue4 ,! wa/e ( educational b5efactions 9 ?is way is little realiz$1 :ile ! effect ( congregat+ ! "y 9 bo>d+-s*ool life1 away f home & p>5tal influ5ce1 is mo/ disa/r\s4 ,h[ c x be o!rwise8 ,to take ! un=m$ y\? at ! mo/ excitable p]iod ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 at ! po9t :]e temptations are /ronge/1 & habits ( self-control ! weake/1 away f mo!rs1 si/]s1 & home influ5ces2 h]d !m promiscu\sly ) good & bad2 /imulate ! bra9 to excess2 end all ! heal?ful dome/ic ex]cise1 & :at c\ld be expect$ b j su* wrecks ( heal?1 morals1 home habits1 & all t is good & pure1 z is con/antly go+ on 9 su* in/itutions8 ,if p>5ts c\ld he> ! details t h come f mo!rs & _! "y sons ( ! exp]i5ces ( bo>d+-s*ool & college life all ov] ! l&1 especially 9 ref]5ce to t mo/ contam9at+ & horrible lit]ature & pr9ts t no c>e c exclude1 !y w\ld und]/& only a small "p ( ! evils includ$ 9 su* in/itutions = ! "y4 ,n only colleges1 b female sem9>ies1 & ev5 private s*ools1 are becom+ m & m sect>ian1 z especially patroniz$ by "s "o d5om9ation1 & rely+ on ?is = success4 ,all ?is sect>ian influ5ce 9 education is1 9 fact1 op]at+ to su/a9 ! ,augu/9ian !ories by ! pa9s & p5alties t fir/ en=c$ !m2 = no tea*] ( a s*ool1 or college1 or female sem9>y c\ld av[ a diss5t f !ories s p[]fully su/a9$1 )\t subject+ himself1 8 in/itution1 & 8 sect to attacks f o!r sects & in/itutions1 z "o mode ( supplant+ a rival4 ,x 0 ?is p[]ful array ( antagoni/ic influ5ces t = ye>s )held ! au?or f any public expression ( "s ( ! views set =? 9 ?is "w4 ,x has be5 /at$ 9 ! introduction t1 :ile tea*+ m5tal sci5ce1 9 connection ) ! ,bible1 to highly gift$ m9ds1 an octavo volume 0 pr9t$1 b n publi%$1 :i* embrac$ ! lead+ features ( ?is "w4 ,9 t1 ! pr9ciples ( reason & int]pretation 7 n appli$ to ! !ories ( a deprav$ m5tal con/itution1 :i* at t "t 7 n1 to h] own m9d1 satisfactorily solv$1 b to !ories on ! "* & aton+ sacrifice ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :]e relief 0 fir/ exp]i5c$ by ! writ]4 ,on tak+ advice z to ! publication ( su* a "w1 x became cle> t x w\ld probably result 9 su* p[]ful !ological influ5ces z w\ld end a connection ) a public in/itution1 & all labors z a tea*]4 ,9 ob$i5ce to ! c\nsel ( fri5ds1 x 0 conclud$ to g quietly on z an educator1 & "w out practically all t c\ld be done )\t innovat+ on accept$ op9ions1 & wait till "t & circum/ances %\ld af=d m maturity & complet5ess to ! writ]'s own views2 = x 0 soon p]ceiv$ t no "o ev] object$ to hav+ *ildr5 tra9$ exactly accord+ to ! au?or's pres5t views1 provid$ no?+ 0 said aga9/ ! accept$ !ological !ories4 ,s fai?fully has ?is me?od be5 pursu$1 t x is probable t !re is n an individual ) :om ! writ] has be5 associat$ z an educator1 :o w n1 = ! fir/ "t1 le>n h] views on ! ,augu/9ian & ,calv9i/ic !ories f ?is "w2 :ile1 ev5 9 h] own family circle1 ?\gh op9ions h be5 express$ freely1 all discussions on ?is subject h be5 avoid$4 ,9 pursu+ ! c\rse ( a practical educator1 ! fir/ ye>s 7 sp5t ma9ly 9 ! intellectual dep>tm5t1 at ! p]iod :5 ! high] bran*es fir/ began to ent] z a "p ( female culture4 ,surr\nd$ by "s ( ! mo/ gift$ female m9ds 9 ! c\ntry z bo? tea*]s & pupils1 & all excit$ by ! int]e/ ( pione]s 9 ! ef=t to elevate ! /&>d ( female education1 !re result$ su* an am\nt ( intellectual activity & en?usiasm z has nev] be5 witness$ by ! au?or be=e or s9ce4 ,ignorant ( ! laws ( heal?1 & unaw>e ( any dang] f excess1 ! result 0 su* entire & irretrievable pro/ration ( ! n]v\s sy/em z =bade =ev] any f>!r labor z a practical tea*]4 ,ext5sive j\rney+s to re/ore heal? among a widely-disp]s$ family connection l$ to frequ5t reunions ) =m] pupils4 ,!nce result$ a deep conviction ( ! necessity ( tra9+ ! dome/ic habits & ta/es ( "y girls z _h nev] yet be5 attempt$1 & ( ! extreme suff]+ & ill heal? consequ5t on ! neglect ( x z a "p ( s*ool education4 ,?is l$ to two works on ,dome/ic ,economy1 "o ( :i* 0 design$ z a text-book = girls at s*ool1 & ! o!r = _! use aft] !y became h\sekeep]s4 ,cont9u$ ill heal?1 induc+ frequ5t resort to heal? e/abli%m5ts1 :]e invalids f all classes 7 congregat$1 increas$ ! conviction t modes ( education & o!r causes 7 fatally und]m9+ national heal?1 especially t ( wom54 ,?us orig9at$ a "w on ,heal?1 & ano!r on ,physiology & ,physical ,tra9+4 ,incapacitat$ f labor z a tea*]1 ! only field ( ef=t to ! au?or 0 9 m g5]al ef=ts to int]e/ h] own sex to enl>g$ & organiz$ ef=ts to secure ! prop] tra9+ ( woman = h] di/9ctive duties1 & also to provide employm5t = h] 9 h] appropriate pr(ession4 ,two small works address$ to ,am]ican wom5 on ?is subject 7 issu$ by h]1 & two organizations 7 ! result3 "o conduct$ by ladies 9 ,bo/on1 & "o by ,gov]nor ,slade z ,g5]al ,ag5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,national ,popul> ,education4 ,z bo? ( ^! re/rict$ _! ef=ts ma9ly to provid+ employm5t = tea*]s already educat$1 ! next attempt 0 to secure an organization to prep>e woman = h] di/9ctive duties on a m complete & compreh5sive scale4 ,9 ?is attempt1 x 0 p]ceiv$ t ! o!r sex h always secur$ prop] att5tion to any p>ticul> dep>tm5t ( education by end[m5ts to support highly-educat$ tea*]s to give _! :ole "t to t object4 ,?us *emi/ry1 agriculture1 & ! practical sci5ces are made honorable1 & are insur$ z bran*es ( lib]al in/ruction4 ,! "q !n arose1 ,:y %\ld n ?is me?od be tak5 to make woman's di/9ctive pr(ession honorable1 & to secure a prop] tra9+ = x8 ,! bus9ess ( a woman is divid$ into ?ree z di/9ct dep>tm5ts z ! lib]al pr(essions ( law1 m$ic9e1 & div9ity = m51 :i* are s honor$ & end[$4 ,nor are !y less important or univ]sal4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 woman is to tra9 ! human m9d at j t p]iod :5 pr9ciples1 ta/es1 & habits are mo/ firmly fix$2 next1 %e has ! c>e ( ! human body all ?r\gh its p]iod ( developm5t1 :5 ! physical habits are =m$1 & also 9 p]iods ( sickness = all ages4 ,la/ly1 %e has *>ge ( ! :ole circle ( dome/ic economy1 & ( all ! home int]e/s ( ! family /ate4 ,educator1 nurse1 & h\sekeep]1 ^! ?ree dep>tm5ts are n less 9 importance ?an law1 m$ic9e1 & div9ity4 ,! lead+ feature1 !n1 9 ?is attempt 0 to secure an organization ( ,am]ican wom51 :o %\ld aim to e/abli% model in/itutions = woman1 t %\ld prep>e h] ?or\ghly & prop]ly = ! ?ree di/9ctive employm5ts ( h] pr(ession1 by means ( end[m5ts to support highly-educat$ tea*]s = ?is express object4 ,9 all o!r female in/itutions1 ! tra9+ ( ! intellect has be5 ! lead+ object2 9 ^!1 ! prep>ation ( woman = h] di/9ctive duties 0 to be ! lead+ object4 ,to ! common rem>k t ! mo!rs mu/ d ?is at home1 x is repli$1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! mo!rs1 to a great ext5t--z ! g5]al rule1 hav+ b few exceptions--are n qualifi$ to d ?is2 &1 next1 if !y 71 !y h n ! heal?1 or !y h n ! "t1 or !y h n ! w to d s4 ,:5 m5 wi% to p]fect & honor any pr(ession1 !y provide end[m5ts to su/a9 tea*]s ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,?us1 = example1 ?\gh x may be said t f>m]s c be/ tra9 _! sons = _! own pr(ession1 /ill agricultural pr(essor%ips 9 our colleges1 & tea*]s su/a9$ by end[m5ts1 are f\nd to be indisp5sable to honor & raise t pursuit to a sci5ce & a pr(ession4 ,:ile ! "y wom5 ( ! nation see e ?+ else m honor$ & provid$ = ?an ! v pr(ession & future bus9ess ( _! lives1 !y w gr[ up to neglect & despise su* duties4 ,! education ( woman1 to be :at ,heav5 design$ = ! race1 %\ld unite ! home tra9+ ( ! p>5ts ) ! s*ool tra9+ ( ! tea*]4 ,in/ead ( tak+ "y girls f all dome/ic int]e/s & pursuits1 & turn+ all ! en]gies ( _! n]v\s sy/em into ! intellectual dep>tm5t ( ! bra91 !re %\ld be an equable & heal?ful tra9+1 at once1 ( ! bodily p[]s1 ! social & dome/ic habits1 ! intellect1 & ! moral nature2 & 9 effect+ ?is1 ! p>5ts & ! tea*]s %\ld "w toge!r h>moni\sly4 ,x is 9 ref]5ce to ?is t ! t5d5cy ( ?is age & c\ntry to conduct ! education ( ! high] & middl+ classes 9 bo>d+-s*ools in/ead ( at home is mo/ disa/r\s4 ,bo>d+-s*ools %\ld be ! exceptions to meet ! wants ( a sp>se population4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 ! c\ntry s5ds its daught]s to city bo>d+-s*ools1 & ! city s5ds to c\ntry bo>d+-s*ools1 & s home education is becom+ m & m neglect$4 ,! consequ5ces to ! heal?1 happ9ess1 & moral int]e/s ( woman are m & m disa/r\s4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is1 ! ef=ts ( ! above association h be5 conf9$ to e/abli%+ :at x is hop$ w\ld become model in/itutions 9 ! c5tres ( influ5ce ( ! /ates :]e !y 7 locat$1 9 :i* ! funds %\ld n be sp5t 9 provid+ great build+s to take *ildr5 away f all home influ5ces & dome/ic pursuits1 b r 9 provid+ su* tea*]s & influ5ces z w\ld h a direct be>+ on ! homes ( ! pupils1 & aid ! p>5ts 9 cultivat+ home habits1 home virtues1 & home ta/es & pursuits4 ,?is brief hi/ory ( ! writ]'s ef=ts is giv5 because its results w n[ be se5 to =m a "p ( ! hi/ory ( ! dogma :i* is ! subject ( ?is section4 ,=1 dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( ^! ef=ts to promote ! "r tra9+ ( ! human m9d by woman z ! ,heav5-appo9t$ m9i/] = ?is end1 ! influ5ce ( ?is dogma has be5 con/antly =c$ on att5tion z ! real antagoni/ic =ce4 ,t is to say1 ! :ole en]gies ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 9 its di/9ctive "*1 are organiz$ to rem$y ! evil aft] ! m9d is educat$ wrong1 :ile little is attempt$ by ! p[]ful ag5cy ( organization to secure its "r education4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 x w be se5 t all ! great b5evol5t organizations = :i* collections are en=c$ f ! pulpit are = adults1 ) "o only seem+ exception4 ,!re is an organization to s5d ,bibles1 ano!r to s5d tracts & colporteurs1 ano!r to s5d mission>ies abroad1 ano!r to s5d home-mission>ies1 ano!r = ! sailor1 ano!r = ! slaves1 ano!r to educate m9i/]s1 ano!r to raise up colleges1 ano!r = temp]ance1 & s on4 ,all ^! h z _! direct aim ^? :o are educat$ wrong1 & are to be r$eem$ f s9ful habits4 ,n "o has any direct ref]5ce to ! =mation ( "r habits 9 ! daily tra9+ ( e-day life4 ,! ,sunday-s*ool is ! only seem+ exception4 ,b ?is is only a weekly ex]cise ( an h\r or two1 9 :i* e sect secures ! tra9+ ( its *ildr5 9 its own religi\s sy/em1 :ile ?is sy/em1 9 mo/ cases1 is bas$ on ! ,augu/9ian doctr9e ( ! inability ( *ildr5 to feel or d a s+le "r ?+ till !y are reg5]at$1 :ile n only ! tea*+1 b ! ,sunday libr>ies = *ildr5 all en=ce ?is dogma4 ,! practical influ5ce ( ?is1 ?\gh c\nt]act$ m or less by o!r influ5ces1 is fairly illu/rat$ 9 ! m5tal hi/ory ( ! au?or 9 ! ,introduction4 ,?us ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has all its organizations to cure diseas$ & mis$ucat$ m9d1 & n a s+le "o to prev5t ?is ru9 by its "r tra9+4 ,?is be+ s1 ?is ef=t to promote ! neglect$ & yet great end ( ,*ri/ian ef=t has be5 look$ on ) indiff]5ce1 or z a small conc]n to receive its mite1 :ile all o!rs are to receive _! hundr$s & ?\s&s4 ,moreov]1 ! ent]prise has be5 look$ ^u ) jeal\sy by _m ^: att5tion has be5 call$ to x z a cov]t sect>ian movem5t to promote ! int]e/s ( t d5om9ation ) :i* "s ( its mov]s h be5 connect$4 ,!n1 too1 because x really has n favor$ any "o sect1 x has secur$ ! special favor & sympa?y ( none4 ,!re has nev] be5 a "t :5 its mov]s h n be5 made to und]/& t success 9 rais+ end[m5ts w\ld be c]ta9 if ! anti-sect>ian feature c\ld be rel9qui%$1 & ! ent]prise c\ld assume a sect>ian bann]4 ,! mo/ influ5tial cl]gy ( ! l>ge sects are engag$ 9 d5om9ational ent]prises1 to f\nd colleges or !ological sem9>ies1 or to e/abli% book or newspap] ag5cies devot$ to ! int]e/s ( _! sect4 ,! great body ( laym5 :o h weal? to be/[ 9 l>ge sums are m or less influ5c$ by _! cl]gym51 ei!r z p]sonal fri5ds or z spiritual advis]s4 ,especially is ?is true ( ! few b5evol5t ladies :o h su* indep5d5t means z to be able to furni% end[m5ts4 ,& ?us x has come to pass t ?is fir/ attempt yet kn[n to organize ,*ri/ians z ,*ri/ians1 to tra9 woman = h] great "w ( =m+ ! physical1 social1 dome/ic1 & moral habits ( *ildhood by me?ods deem$ indisp5sable by man = 8 pr(essions1 is on ! v]ge ( failure1 aft] f\r ye>s ( trial4 ,& ?is is n ow+ to ! fact t ! motives1 or ! plan1 or ! conductors ( x h be5 ext5sively di/ru/$1 or 9 any p>ticul> disapprov$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! lead+ cl]gym5 ( mo/ ( ! ,prote/ant sects h giv5 _! unqualifi$ approval1 :ile ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s embraces a l>ge proportion ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ female educators & au?oresses1 ) "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ bus9ess m5 & f9anci]s ( our l&4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ag5ts & educators :o h p]=m$ = f\r ye>s ! details ( ! ent]prise h secur$ ! entire approval & confid5ce ( ! public z to _! qualifications4 ,! real difficulty at ! root ( all is ! indiff]5ce to ! tra9+ ( ! habits ( *ildhood1 result+ f ! long-e/abli%$ dogma ( a mis=m$ m9d1 ^: propagat$ incapacity is n )9 ! rea* ( educational tra9+4 ,meantime1 ! *ief en]gies ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* are n[ t5d+ to ! ext5d+ ( sect>ian organizations1 bas$ on peculi>ities z to baptism1 ord9ation1 & *ur* (fic]s1 :i* no intellig5t p]son believes are ei!r indisp5sable to salvation1 or ev5 s important z to be subjects ( direct ,div9e comm&s4 ,x is ?is view ( ! subject t has at la/ br\ght ! au?or to rel9qui% any f>!r practical educational ef=ts1 & n[ to attempt :atev] may be 9 h] p[] 9 direct+ public att5tion to :at seems to be "o gr& imp$im5t 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w to ! "r tra9+ & developm5t ( ! human race4 ,9 pres5t+ ?is "w to ! special att5tion ( ! laity1 ! au?or does n int5d to imply t !ologians are n to take ! lead 9 all discussions & inve/igations t are to guide & enlight5 mank9d 9 _! special dep>tm5t4 ,! aim is r to less5 ! g5]al impression t ! :ole matt] is to be left exclusively to !m2 t x is a pr(essional conc]n1 9 :i* a layman is to resign 8 own judgm5t z he does to 8 physician or lawy]4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 !re are "s reasons :y ! laity h sup]ior advantages to ! cl]gy 9 cases :]e long-accept$ !ological errors are to be eradicat$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y are free f ! /rong influ5ce ( a sy/em into :i* ! m9d has be5 educat$4 ,! p[] ( a sy/em ov] m5 :o are tra9$ to reason1 & :o reason on t subject :i* involves all ! greate/ int]e/s ( exi/5ce bo? = "t & et]nity1 is mo/ insidi\s & incalculable4 ,to ?is is add$ ! rev]5ce1 love1 & v5]ation felt by pi\s p]sons = ^? great & good m5 :o1 l ,augu/9e1 ,calv91 & ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 h be5 ! rev]$ ma/]s ( !ological sy/ems = ages4 ,"u ^! two influ5ces1 e new op9ion is comp>$ ) a sy/em1 & :5 x is se5 to be inconsi/5t ) x1 all ! v5]ation atta*$1 bo? to t & to its au?ors & advocates1 /&s oppos$ to any innovation4 ,! p[]ful influ5ce ( educational tra9+1 & ( love & rev]5ce to a rev]$ p>5t1 has taught ! au?or to und]/& & sympa?ize ) o!r m9ds simil>ly influ5c$4 ,f all su* bias+ influ5ces ! laity are f> m free ?an _! cl]ical guides4 ,add to ?is ! fact t ! pa9s & p5alties atta*$ to all *ange 9 !ological op9ions h v little rea* among ! laity4 ,any layman1 if he adopts new views1 c quietly )draw f "o religi\s communion & jo9 ano!r m cong5ial1 or rema9 unconnect$ ) any1 :ile no man c call him to an acc\nt4 ,b m5 connect$ ) p>i%es1 colleges1 & all educational in/itutions1 are subject to ! sup]vision ( c\ncils1 presbyt]ies1 synods1 & _m o!r organs ( surveillance1 mak+ x indisp5sable t all *anges %\ld be kn[n to ! public4 ,?us pr(ession1 reputation1 & daily bread become m or less involv$4 ,& "h x is b ju/ice to express ! au?or's convictions1 :i* an ext5sive acqua9tance ) ! cl]gy ( v>i\s sects has induc$1 t !re is n ano!r body ( m51 ( equal numb] & education1 :o are s free f p]sonal consid]ations ( ?is k9d 9 =m+ & ma9ta9+ op9ions4 ,! entrance on ! cl]ical pr(ession 9 ?is c\ntry involves ! sacrifice ( all hope ( weal? & its advantages1 & includes (t5 pov]ty & a pa9ful dep5d5ce on ! vacillat+ favor ( p>i%es2 s t1 to a man ( tal5ts & worldly ambition1 ! comm& to ent] ?is pr(ession is v ne>ly equival5t to t ( ! ,great ,ma/]'s1 ,sell all t ?\ ha/ & give to ! poor1 & come & foll[ me4 ,b :ile all[+ t1 z a class1 ?is pr(ession is1 mo/ ( all1 free f bias+ influ5ces ( ! k9d indicat$1 x c n b be all[$ t !y are subject to l temptations z o!r m51 & t ^! consid]ations mu/ h m influ5ce ) !m ?an ) ! laity1 :o are expos$ to little or no?+ ( ?is k9d4 ,to ?is1 add ! fact t m5 9 o!r pr(essions are f> m habituat$ to look at all que/ions 9 a practical relation1 & to use ! pr9ciples ( common s5se m ?an ! pr9ciples ( a sy/em4 ,! writ] has _h frequ5t occasion to notice h[ ! well-tra9$ reason]s ( o!r pr(essions ?r[ aside ! !ories & sy/ems ( !ology1 & settle d[n on ! great practical tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x has sometimes be5 a matt] ( wond] to p]ceive h[ little att5tion is (t5 giv5 by "s ( ! mo/ gift$ & well-tra9$ laity1 ev5 ^? t are dev\tly religi\s1 to que/ions deem$ ( p>am\nt & absorb+ int]e/ by ! cl]gy4 ,9 pres5t+ ?is "w to public att5tion1 ! au?or is n animat$ ) ! expectation ( any imm$iate or v /rik+ results4 ,long-e/abli%$ & "t-honor$ op9ions1 especially :5 !y are entw9$ ) ! sacr$ hopes & int]e/s ( religion1 are *ang$ only by sl[ & gradual transitions1 & ^!1 (t51 almo/ imp]ceptible4 ,x is ! hope ( ! au?or to d some?+ to promote at lea/ a r5ew$ discussion ( ^! subjects1 "u m favorable auspices ?an h h]et(ore exi/$4 ,! circum/ances t favor & indicate su* a r5ewal are1 9 ! fir/ place1 a gradual *ange t has be5 go+ on ! la/ ?irty ye>s 9 ! !ological _w z ! result ( discussions on ^! v subjects4 ,"s ( ! mo/ c&id & acute m9ds t h be5 int]e/$ 9 su* discussions h1 m & m1 be5 l$ to feel ! difficulties involv$ 9 ! accept$ !ory ( ,augu/9e2 & ?\gh few h come to su* cle> convictions on ! subject z to feel w>rant$ 9 tak+ any public /& z innovators or re=m]s1 _m are ready to exam9e & discuss 9 a v diff]5t attitude ( m9d f :at has ev] be=e be5 s ext5sively exp]i5c$4 ,"o /rik+ indication ( ?is *ange is ! almo/ univ]sal neglect ( indoctr9at+ prea*+ among ! y\ng] cl]gy 9 ^? sects :]e1 =ty ye>s ago1 x 0 deem$ indisp5sable to success to ?us e/abli% ! five po9ts ( ,calv9ism4 ,a /ill m important *ange is an increase 9 t practical prea*+ t urges on ! consci5ces ( m5 all _! dome/ic1 social1 & moral duties1 z con/itut+ an ess5tial "p ( religion1 z truly z ! affections t[>d ,god & ! special duties ow$ to him4 ,an equal or great] *ange is app>5t among ! laity4 ,! /rong ,calv9i/ic doctr9es t us$ to be s rev]5tly receiv$ are ei!r simply tol]at$ or quietly reject$4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) mo!rs & tea*]s1 bo? 9 ! family & 9 ! secul> & ,sunday s*ools4 ,?\s&s ( practical1 t5d] mo!rs utt]ly refuse to tea* _! little ones t a deprav$ nature has desc5d$ to !m f ,adam1 & t !y c nev] p]=m any ?+ t is "r or pleas+ to ,god till ?is nature is recreat$2 or1 if !y use su* language1 x is ) explanations entirely un-,calv9i/ic4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 !y tea* _! (fspr+ t !y c please & obey _! ,heav5ly ,p>5t z truly & acceptably z !y d _! e>?ly p>5ts2 t :5 !y h s le>n$ to love & please ,him 7or to feel & act "r7 t x is _! *ief desire ?us to d1 !y h a new life4 ,?is new bir?1 !y also tea*1 is ! result ( t aid f ! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,com=t]1 :i* bo? p>5ts & *ildr5 s ne$ t !y c nev] succe$ )\t x1 & yet :i* is promis$ to all :o e>ne/ly desire x1 & seek x by prop] me?ods4 ,multitudes ( p>5ts & tea*]s are pursu+ ?is me?od 9 *ur*es ^: m9i/]s w\ld entirely revolt f ! idea ( d5y+ ! ,augu/9ian !ory or ! sy/em ( ,calv9 re/+ ^u x4 ,_m are do+ ?is1 unconsci\s t !y are tak+ a c\rse t is contr>y to ! /&>ds ( _! ,*ur*4 ,9 conclusion1 ! au?or w\ld ask att5tion to ! *ief po9ts pres5t$ 9 ?is volume4 ,! ma9 "q is1 are ^! pr9ciples ( reason or common s5se1 & ! rules = int]pret+ language "h set =?1 accept$ z guides 9 decid+ ! great que/ions ( life8 ,next1 are ! d$uctions ga9$ by _! aid z to :at c be le>n$ )\t a direct revelation f ! ,creator accept$8 ,la/ly1 is ! ,augu/9ian !ory ( a deprav$ m5tal con/itution consequ5t on ! s9 ( ! fir/ p>5ts ( ! race1 z tri$ by ^! pr9ciples1 support$ ei!r by reason or ! ,bible2 &1 if n1 %\ld n all m5 r5\nce x1 bo? !oretically & practically8 ,9 answ]+ ?is la/1 x is to be rememb]$ t ! "q is n "o ( fact z to ! deprav$ action ( m9d1 b ( ! philosophy ( ?is fact1 or ! cause ( ?is wrong action4 ,a man may n be able to =m any satisfactory !ory on ?is "q1 & be cont5t1 z ! e>ly ,*ri/ians us$ to be1 to rema9 )\t "o4 ,! repudiation ( ! ,augu/9ian !ory does n necess>ily involve ! adoption ( any o!r1 :ile x does remove insurm\ntable difficulties f j & g5]\s m9ds 9 accept+ ! ,bible z ( ,div9e au?ority :ile encumb]$ ) :at seems s contr>y bo? to ! moral s5se & ! common s5se ( mank9d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x has be5 ! privilege ( ! au?or all h] life to be intimately associat$1 by family & o!r connections1 ) ! m9i/]s ( religion 9 a v>iety ( d5om9ations--^? intellig5t1 excell5t1 & pi\s m5 :o1 m ?an any o!r class1 c und]/& t heavy burd5 ( _s connect$ ) t awful subject1 ! et]nal loss ( ! human s\l4 ,be=e clos+1 !y w p]mit a few inquiries 9 ref]5ce to ?is subject4 ,! almo/ univ]sal cessation ( revivals ( religion1 ! dim9i%$ att5dance ( ! masses on ,sabba? wor%ip1 ! decrease 9 ! relative proportion ( ! m9i/ry1 ! dim9ution ( spirituality & ! consequ5t laxness 9 ! ,*ur*1 ! increase ( skepticism & infidelity ( v>i\s grades1 ! t]rific ru% ( worldl9ess on all classes1 z weal?1 & luxury1 & temptations ( all k9ds ab\nd1 are n all ^! signs ( ! times ( fe>ful import1 =e%ad[+ ei!r "s dreadful judgm5ts1 or ! adv5t ( "s moral =ces t are appropriate to su* a crisis8 ,9 ?is position ( ! moral _w1 is x to be suppos$ t !ology alone1 ( all dep>tm5ts ( sci5ce1 has rea*$ its culm9at+ po9t1 s t !re is no possibility ( improvem5t8 ,is !re n manife/ly ne$$ f> m p[]ful motives ?an any n[ wield$ to /op ! inru%+ tide ( worldl9ess8 ,9 =m] times1 :5 revivals ab\nd$1 x 0 ! pr9ciple ( fe> t 0 fir/ appeal$ to ) su* wond]ful results4 ,b :]e n[ are su* appeals made z once %ook m5's consci5ces ) fe>s ( ! wra? to come8 ,if su* prea*+ ab\nds 9 any qu>t] ( our nation1 :]e is x8 ,9 all h] travels ! writ] f9ds x want+1 & ! te/imony ( o!rs is simil>4 ,"h1 n[1 is ! great "q3 ,c\ld ! m9i/ry n[ prea* ! di/9ctive !ories ( ,calv9ism1 & at ! same "t ^? awful views ( ! et]nal loss ( ! s\l1 w>rant$ by ,scripture language1 ) any prospect ( be+ su/a9$ by ! moral s5tim5ts ( ! great body ( b5evol5t & intellig5t he>]s8 ,w\ld n "s be driv5 to reckless worldl9ess1 o!rs to infidelity1 o!rs to ,univ]salism1 o!rs to ano!r /yle ( prea*+1 till ! rema9d] c\ld sc>cely ma9ta9 any prea*+ at all8 ,is n ?is p]ceiv$ & felt by _m m9i/]s1 & is n ?is "o great reason :y t t]rible doctr9e1 on :i* ! :ole ,gospel is bas$1 is n[ s hidd5 or s slightly recogniz$ 9 ! pulpit m9i/rations8 ,& yet1 to ! writ]1 x seems t ?is v doctr9e1 s pla9 & awful 9 ,holy ,writ1 c\ld be s drawn =? by ! light ( reason alone z to furni% a p[] ( motive n[ almo/ unwield$4 ,x seems z if ! t]rible exhibitions ( ?is volume 9 ! *apt]s on ,habit1 & on ! ,wrong ,action ( ,m9d 9 a ,future ,/ate1 might be wr\ght out by a man ( tal5t & eloqu5ce s z to draw su* audi5ces z once ?rong$ ar\nd ,:itfield1 & ) equal results4 ,:at1 !n1 c\ld be done ) ! add$ p[] ( revelation1 dissev]$ f ob/ruct+ !ories8 ,:5 ! writ] looks back on h] own m5tal hi/ory = ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 & feels h[ e /ep ( h] life1 dur+ ! :ole ( t p]iod1 has be5 regulat$ by ! ov]ma/]+ pressure ( ?is trem5d\s subject1 & :5 %e is sure t a conviction t no su* awful dang]s beset our race w\ld br+ h] life on to j t level :]e s _m ,*ri/ians compla9 t !y f9d !mselves1 ! qu]y w (t5 arise :e!r m9i/]s :o say s little ab\t ! matt]1 & ^? pr(ess$ ,*ri/ians :o act s little 9 consi/5ce ) x1 really d believe x8 ,& yet1 :5 h] own difficulties 9 express+ all t has be5 ?\ght & felt are recall$1 x is und]/ood h[ o!rs too may h be5 equally emb>rass$ & re/ra9$4 ,9 reg>d to ! ma9 topics ( ?is "w1 is n e m9i/] call$ to decide1 practically1 betwe5 ^! two !ories8 ,! fir/ is1 t ! great & lead+ aim ( all ,*ri/ian organization %\ld be to tra9 new-born m9ds aright1 & t x is ! special (fice ( ! m9i/ry to influ5ce ! educators ( ! race to ! "r p]=mance ( ?is1 _! *ief duty4 ,9 do+ ?is1 x is to be assum$ t ! end = :i* we are made is to glorify ,god by ob$i5ce to ^? laws by :i* ! mo/ happ9ess ) ! lea/ evil is to be secur$ to ,8 va/ et]nal empire4 ,t1 at ! fir/ bir? ( a *ild1 x is impossible1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 = x to feel & act = ! happ9ess ( o!rs till x has le>n$ to "k :at gives pleasure & pa9 to self1 & to und]/& t !re are o!r be+s :o c ?us enjoy & suff]2 s t a *ild1 by its v nature1 is at fir/ oblig$ to be selfi% 9 ! ex]cise ( faculties :i*1 9 ref]5ce to ! great :ole1 are p]fect4 ,t ! second bir? is ! sudd5 or ! gradual entrance into a life 9 :i* ! w ( ! ,creator is to control ! self-w ( ! creature2 :ile1 "u ! influ5ce ( love & gratitude to ,him1 & guid$ by fai? 9 8 tea*+s1 liv+ *iefly = ! great commonweal? takes ! place ( liv+ *iefly = self4 ,= ?is1 ! sup]natural aid ( ! ,holy ,_s is promis$ to all :o seek x2 &1 )\t ?is aid1 success is hopeless4 ,b ! gr& in/rum5tality is ! "r tra9+ ( p>5ts & tea*]s4 ,!n1 9 ref]5ce to t great *ange ( "* :i* wrongly-educat$ m9d mu/ pass 9 ord] to ga9 et]nal life1 !re are ?ree modes ( expression 9 ! ,bible 9 reg>d to t1 viz41 love to ,god1 fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & rep5tance4 ,accord+ to all uses ( ^! t]ms1 9 practical matt]s1 love is no?+ :i* does n include ob$i5ce or con=mity ( w & action to ! be+ lov$4 ,fai?1 or belief1 is no?+ unless x includes its fruits ( ob$i5ce4 ,rep5tance is no?+ unless x includes ceas+ to d evil4 ,ob$i5ce to ! laws ( ,god1 physical1 social1 moral1 & religi\s1 is ! gr&1 indisp5sable requisite4 ,n[1 :5 any p]son is s engag$ 9 /riv+ to obey all ^! laws t x is ! fir/ int]e/ ( ! m9d1 !n !re is a new he>t2 & s great is ! *ange f ! life ( self-indulg5ce & disob$i5ce to "o ( su* e>ne/ desire & ef=ts to obey ,god1 t x is prop]ly express$ by ! t]ms born aga9 & creat$ anew4 ,! contra/$ !ory is1 t ! *ief end ( man is to glorify ,god1 )\t1 p]haps1 any v def9ite ideas ( :at ?is signifies2 t our :ole race comes into life ) dw>f$ & ru9$ moral p[]s1 s t x is z impossible1 be=e a second bir?1 to feel & act "r1 z x is = a corrupt tree to be> good fruit1 or a bitt] f\nta9 to s5d =? sweet wat]s2 & t ! great end ( ,*ri/ian organizations is to secure & adm9i/] c]ta9 appo9t$ me?ods by :i* ,god re-creates ^! diseas$ m9ds4 ,?us all tra9+1 all in/ructions1 all good habits1 are no?+ z hav+ any fitness t[>d ei!r prep>+ a *ild = et]nal happ9ess1 or induc+ ,god to re-create its m9d4 ,= x is unconditional election1 & n any =ese5 act1 ei!r ( p>5t or *ild1 t decides _! et]nal de/9y4 ,c any m9i/] prea* )\t assum+ "o ( ^! two !ories z ! v f\ndation-pr9ciple ( 8 m9i/rations8 ,& is ?is matt] any ! less a practical "o to all ! laity8 ,dur+ ! p]iod 9 :i* ! au?or has be5 engag$ z a practical labor] 9 ! field ( education1 h] *ief e>?ly reliance has be5 on ! c\nsel1 sympa?y1 & co-op]ation ( h] own sex2 & 9 clos+ a "w especially d$icat$ to !m1 a few p>t+ words may be p]mitt$4 ,?is "w is (f]$1 n z "o ( metaphysics & !ology1 to ex]cise ! intellect alone4 ,x pres5ts ! gr& practical "q ( life to woman z ! "m1 ! educator1 ! nurse1 & ! f\nta9 ( home sympa?ies = ! race4 ,x is ! "q ov] :i* e ,*ri/ian "m pond]s ) a*+ he>t z e new immortal is br\ght to h] arms4 ,x is ! "q :]e e ,*ri/ian tea*] /&s 9 awe1 z1 gaz+ into ! d>k futurity ov] ! dim ocean ( et]nity1 ea* "y m9d is felt to be a voyag] ^: frail & solit>y b>k is soon to be laun*$4 ,! ,prote/ant "m or tea*]1 ) ! ,bible 9 h] h&s1 c n1 z 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ?r[ (f ?is trem5d\s responsibility on to h] prie/4 ,%e may g to h] m9i/] = aid1 b at ! la/ %e mu/ decide = h]self :at is t pa? :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ decides to be "r 9 guid+ ! lambs ( ,8 flock ?r\gh su* awful dang]s4 ,"h1 !n1 is ! great practical "q on :i* dep5ds ! life ( ! s\l1 & = ,,et]nity6 & e p>5t & e tea*] mu/ decide on :i* !ory ! "y m9ds committ$ to _! c>e %all be tra9$4 ,9 contemplat+ ! discussions t mu/ ere long be r5ew$ on ^! great topics1 & 9 su* =ms z to involve1 n !ologians alone or *iefly1 b ! p1 & especially ! mo/ intellig5t ( h] own sex1 ! writ] recalls ) deep int]e/ h] e>ly ef=ts z a pione] 9 elevat+ ! c\rse ( female education4 ,!n %e suppos$ h]self ! fir/1 z %e 0 among ! fir/1 to introduce su* works z ,butl]'s ,analogy1 ,m5tal ,philosophy1 & a ,ma!matical c\rse z a regul> "p ( female education4 ,& z %e recalls ! hundr$s ( bright1 vigor\s1 & indep5d5t m9ds "u h] c>e ?us tra9$ to reason accurately1 & n[ scatt]$ z mo!rs & influ5tial memb]s ( society 9 almo/ e /ate 9 ! ,union1 & !n rememb]s1 too1 h[ _m in/itutions all ov] ! l& h = ye>s pursu$ ! same c\rse1 %e c n b ?ankfully believe t ! ,almighty ,tea*] & ,rul] 0 ?us prep>+ h] sex = ^! v responsibilities4 ,9 rel9qui%+ t educational ent]prise :i* = ye>s has absorb$ h] "t & /r5g?1 :ile z yet x is s imp]fectly und]/ood & s little appreciat$1 %e asks1 ) t5d] & grateful memories1 ! att5tion1 n only ( h] de> =m] pupils1 b ( t multitude ( noble & b5evol5t wom5 :o1 at s _m times & places1 h af=d$ h] _! sympa?y & aid1 to :at is /ill f>!r (f]$ on ?is subject 9 ! clos+ note4#f #d ,! ^w *ur* 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 ! ,greek1 signifies assembly or congregation1 & n an organization ( reg5]ate p]sons4 #e ,see ,note ,c4 #f ,see ,note ,d4 ,,notes4 ,,note ,a1 page #ag4 ,"s a!i/s imag9e t !y escape ! difficulty by assum+ t matt] is et]nal1 & ?us uncreat$4 ,b ! "q is1 n 9 ref]5ce to ! exi/5ce ( matt]1 b z to ! organization1 contrivances1 & *anges ( matt]1 all ( :i* prove ! exi/5ce ( "s ,intellig5t ,fir/ ,cause4 ,! !ory ( an inf9ite s]ies ( *anges & causes )\t a beg9n+ is a contradiction 9 t]ms1 z c be %[n to any p]son :o und]/&s ! use ( def9itions1 & no o!r p]son is prep>$ to discuss su* subjects intellig5tly4 ,let x be rememb]$ t ! au?or1 9 ?is "w1 has n attempt$ to pres5t a complete exhibition ( all ! intuitive tru?s1 b only su* a portion ( !m z are adapt$ to ! design ( ?is "w4 ,at ! same "t1 by a close analysis1 "s "h pres5t$ z di/9ct intuitions c\ld be %[n to be specifics1 "u a m g5]al proposition4 ,b 9 a popul> "w1 & = ! purposes aim$ at1 ?is close analysis is inappropriate4 ,,note ,b1 page #aib4 ,man's *ief end is to glorify ,god & to enjoy him =ev]1 is an expression equival5t to :at is "h ma9ta9$1 if we assume t ! *ief glory ( ,god consi/s 9 ! rectitude & happ9ess ( 8 va/ empire ( intellig5t m9ds4 ,v>i\s o!r t]ms us$ to express ! ultimate end ( ! ,creator 9 8 works1 accurate def9itions w\ld %[ to be simply diff]5t words *os5 to express ! same idea z t "h pres5t$4 ,,note ,c1 page #cad4 ,9 ! ,home ,mission>y = ,febru>y1 #ahef1 is ! foll[+ m\rnful exhibition ( ! results ( ^! sect>ian divisions3 ,subdivision a ,s\rce ( ,weakness & ,de/itution4 ,n[ x is b too evid5t t our ,am]ican ,*ri/5dom is prosecut+ its "w1 9 "s respects1 at a disadvantage4 ,true1 funds h be5 furni%$ ) a comm5dable lib]ality2 b1 worse ?an a de>? ( money--:i* a few mon?s ( vigor\s ef=t1 or a prosp]\s turn 9 ! m>ket might remove--!re is a de>? ( m54 ,fields are explor$1 op5+s are f\nd1 communities are fa/ =m+1 & ev5 make urg5t reque/s = m9i/]s1 b (t5 !re are no m9i/]s to s5d4 ,! great exig5cy ( ! mission>y "w n[ is ! want ( capable & devot$ m54 ,h[ev] we may *>ge ?is ^u ! lukew>mness ( ! *ur*es1 ^u ! abs5ce ( correct views respect+ m9i/]ial support--& its consequ5t meagr5ess--or on ! preval5ce among "y m5 ( a subtile skepticism1 we may n %ut our eyes to ! fact t ! want mu/ cont9ue z long z t un=tunate division ( ! field cont9ues1 :i* mu/ ev] come f divid$ c\nsels & sect>ian rivalries4 ,de/itutions are likely to la/ :ile ali5ations la/4 ,e d5om9ation naturally feels t x mu/ be /rong 9 ! c5tres ( population2 & s1 )\t ask+ :e!r ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ ne$s s _m congregations !re1 we cr[d our six sep>ate ent]prises1 ( z _m rival names1 into a little place :]e two *ur*es w\ld d m good ?an ! half doz54 ,! evils t result f ?is c\rse are _m & v>i\s4 ,"o consequ5ce ( x is a weak5+ ( ! unity & ! moral =ce ( ! ,*ur* z a :ole4 ,ano!r is ! dim9ution ( ! numb]s & ! /r5g? ( ! sev]al local societies1 s t an am\nt ( assi/ance _m times great] is ne$$1 & ?is ne$ is prolong$ = ye>s1 :5 (t5 its p]iod %\ld h be5 reckon$ 9 mon?s4 ,b a ?ird consequ5ce ( ?is ov]cr[d+ ( "o portion ( ! mission>y field is ! de/itution ( o!r portions4 ,:ile _m villages are s well suppli$ z to leave pa/ors & *ur*es leisure to qu>rel1 _m rural di/ricts & "y communities are almo/ totally neglect$4 ,if all ! prea*]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 evangelical m51 well educat$ & devot$ to _! "w1 !y w\ld no m ?an supply ! real wants ( ! c\ntry1 ^u a sy/em ( wise di/ribution4 ,on a sy/em1 !n1 s un=tunate z ?is1 its de/itutions are n suppli$2 & we he> f all qu>t]s ! cry1 ,s5d m labor]s into ! h>ve/4 ,a ,cause ( ,unwill+ness to ent] ! ,m9i/ry4 ,aga91 a f\r? consequ5ce ( our d5om9ational divisions1 & ano!r cause ( de/itution1 is se5 9 ! difficulty ( p]suad+ "y m5 ( ent]prise to ent] ! m9i/ry4 ,:5 we consid] h[ ! field ( m9i/]ial labor is cut up into small p>i%es1 af=d+ to m5 ( sup]ior capacity b a limit$ scope = "s ( _! be/ qualities--) sc>cely ! possibility ( mu* improvem5t--promis+1 also1 only a meagre support & a mod]ate usefulness1 we c n wond] t "y m5 :o are consci\s ( ! ability to occupy a l>g] sph]e1 & ^: nature ?ir/s aft] some?+ /irr+ & an opportunity = a hopeful /ruggle & = a*ievem5t1 %\ld (t5 %r9k f ! seem+ n>r[ness & hopelessness ( ! "w :i* is "h (f]$ !m4 ,we ne$ n praise ! tru?fulness ( _! appreciation 9 all p>ticul>s1 b h we1 on ! :ole1 a "r to anticipate a diff]5t decision8 ,no4 ,! result is manife/ly "o t mu/ be expect$4 ,!re is n ! lea/ d\bt t ?is dim9ution 9 ! size ( p>i%es is also a dim9ution 9 ! attractiv5ess ( ! pa/oral (fice4 ,& s ?is v multitude ( d5om9ations1 :i* has increas$ ! want ( m9i/]s1 op]ates1 9 m ways ?an "o1 to dim9i% ! supply4 ,a ,disc\ragem5t & a ,we>9ess4 ,b1 :at is yet worse1 x t5ds to injure ! m9i/ry4 ,no prea*] b has felt1 at times1 ! depress+ influ5ce ( a small audi5ce4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! mission>ies at ! ,we/ feel ?is at all times2 & (t5 ! intellect is jad$1 & ! he>t is we>i$ out1 f ! want ( t natural /imulus :i* ! pres5ce ( a multitude & ! pressure ( an important occasion alone c af=d4 ,if x is disc\rag+ to f9d y\r p com+ out 9 small numb]s on ra9y ,sabba?s1 :at is x to h no?+ b small numb]s ! ye> ?r\gh1 & ye> aft] ye>8 ,h[ mu/ ?is t5d to *eck y\?ful en?usiasm1 & to dull ! fires ( intellectual & moral en]gy4 ,if our bre?r5 ( ! ,we/ h n fall5 beh9d !mselves1 x c]ta9ly is n due to ! inspiration ( l>ge audi5ces or ( popul\s & able p>i%es2 =1 ) s _m divisions 9 su* sp>se & un/able communities1 ^! c n be o!rwise ?an small4 ,good m5 w labor on1 inde$1 "u all ^! disc\ragem5ts2 & ! greatness ( _! fai? w make _! "w & a*ievem5t great4 ,!y may triumph ov] ^! difficulties1 b !y cont5d at disadvantage2 & ! difficulties are real1 not)/&+ ! highe/ fidelity4 ,numb] & ,policy ( ,d5om9ations4 ,!re are m ?an =ty religi\s d5om9ations 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f\r ( ^!--! ,n4 ,s4 ,presbyt]ians1 ! ,o4 ,s4 ,presbyt]ians1 ! ,congregationali/s & ,bapti/s1 toge!r ) ! ,me?odi/s & ,episcopalians--habitually e/eem x a matt] ( obligation to be repres5t$ 9 e community :]e x is possible to ga!r a *ur* ( _! "n1 &1 9 e/abli%+ ^! *ur*es1 deem x no "p ( _! duty to consid]1 9 ! lea/1 ! welf>e ( any congregation ( a diff]5t "n t may h be5 previ\sly ga!r$4 ,we h six great evangelical *ur*es1 ea* "o ( :om feels b\nd to pu% =w>d its own gr[?1 ) a disreg>d ( ! int]e/s ( all o!r *ur*es1 :i* is equival5t to an ignor+ ( _! exi/5ce1 &1 9 practical effect1 id5tifies ! ,k+dom ( ,god ) ! d5om9ation4 ,x is v mu* z ?\gh ea* "o _h laid x d[n z ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( its proc$ure--,,we are ! sa9ts4 ,wa/e ( ,res\rces4 ,n[ x is obvi\s t ?is sy/em mu/ br+ ab\t an un=tunate di/ribution ( labor & a great wa/e ( p[]2 9 "s localities multiply+ *ur*es to excess1 & leav+ o!r regions de/itute2 mak+ ! t[n congregations weak1 f _! v multitude1 & los+ ! happy mom5t 9 communities t are j =m+ f ! want ( ! "r m5 to occupy !m at ! "r mom5t2 :ile _m labor]s abuse z mu* "t & /r5g? 9 work+ aga9/ ea* o!r z !y use 9 work+ = ,*ri/4 ,s *ur*es are born weak1 & are compell$ to worry ?r\gh a long & fretful infancy1 are kept on a diet irritat+ly l[1 & compell$ to /ruggle1 ) sl[ & unc]ta9 gr[?1 t[>d a maturity :i* mu/ come late1 & may come nev]4 ,/ati/ics4 ,"h foll[ /ati/ics1 ! details ( :i* we omit1 & give ^! z ! results1 z se5 9 ?ree ( ! l>g] d5om9ations1 viz43 ! ,o4 ,s4 ,presbyt]ian1 ! ,n4 ,s4 ,presbyt]ian1 & ! ,congregational4 ,9 ?is table is %[n ! numb] ( *ur*es1 ) a giv5 numb] ( memb]s to ea* *ur*4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,n ,n m m ,m ,m ,m ?an ?an ?an ?an ?an ,total ,numb] ( ,memb]s4 #ej4 #ajj4 #ajj4 #bjj4 #cjj4 report+4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,presbyt]ian ,o4,s4 #abci #aijg #gfc #bgh #aja #bfgj ,presbyt]ian ,n4,s4 #gdc #aahj #dcb #afc #gj #afab ,congregational #fif #abai #geb #bde #hc #aiga ---------------------------------------- -- ,total ( ?ree d5om9ations #bfgh #dcjf #aidg #fhf #bed #fbec ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,proportion ( /rong & weak ,*ur*es4 ,m ?an "o fif?1 !re=e1 ( all ! *ur*es connect$ ) ^! d5om9ations may be c\nt$ z v weak1 none ( !m hav+ m ?an tw5ty-five memb]s1 & ! av]age fall+ consid]ably bel[ t numb]4 ,ne>ly "o f\r? may be c\nt$ z weak1 _! memb]%ip rang+ betwe5 tw5ty-five & fifty2 & ^!1 tak5 toge!r ) ^? t are weak] yet1 con/itute ne>ly =ty-?ree p] c5t4 ( ! :ole4 ,m ?an two ?irds ( all ! *ur*es d n conta9 ov] "o hundr$ memb]s4 ,^? t exce$ "o hundr$ are ab\t ?irty-"o p] c5t41 & ^? t exce$ two hundr$ are n q elev5 p] c5t4 ( ! entire numb]4 ,pres5t ,supply ( ,m9i/]s inadequate4 ,! :ole numb] ( m9i/]s 9 ^! ?ree d5om9ations is #faej4 ,! numb] ( pa/ors & /at$ supplies 7errors except$7 is #dccf1 leav+ #ahad to be class$ z )\t *>ge1 z pr(essors1 tea*]s1 editors1 secret>ies1 etc4 ,! numb] ( *ur*es 9 ! ?ree d5om9ations ^: memb]%ip exce$s fifty is "s five hundr$ less ?an ! numb] ( pa/ors & /at$ supplies4 ,if1 !re=e1 ea* ( ! five hundr$ m5 rema9+ aft] ! l>ge/ *ur*es 7 suppli$ 7 to take two ( ! small] *ur*es1 m ?an sixte5 hundr$ *ur*es w\ld /ill be left de/itute2 & if all[ance be made = ^? n report+1 ?is numb] mu/ be tak5 z exce$+ two ?\s&4 ,probably none ( ^! conta9 m ?an ?irty-five memb]s4 ,defici5cy due to ,divisions4 ,n[ we ne$ a ?\s&-fold increase ( our effective =ce 9 ! great h>ve/-field ( ! _w2 b h we any reason to expect t ! ,"l ( ! h>ve/ w he> our cry = labor]s1 & raise !m up indef9itely1 9 ord] to meet wants unnecess>ily1 nay1 wick$ly creat$ by our divisions8 ,w\ld a sp5d?rift son expect to prevail ) an indulg5t fa!r to adm9i/] to 8 necessities on ! plea or ! confession t he _h squ&]$ 8 =m] b\nty1 &1 moreov]1 0 int5d+ to make a simil> use ( :at he !n solicit$8 ,! responsibility re/s ^u ,*ri/ians ( no "o "n1 & x w\ld seem t if ! p ( ,god e :]e c\ld b h a full realization ( ! he>t-r5d+ inadequacy ( all means yet employ$ = ! conv]sion ( ! _w1 or ( ! utt] hopelessness ( ev] meet+ ! va/ want "u su* a wa/e ( p[]1 ! "w ( economical adju/m5t w\ld at once & e>ne/ly comm5ce1 & also a new consecration--t ! evangelization ( ! _w may be c>ri$ =w>d ^u a scale comm5surate ) ! provid5tial op5+s = mission>y ef=t4 ,t w\ld be1 inde$1 a glori\s revolution :i* %\ld br+ ! true disciples ( ,*ri/ e :]e to ?is position--to a consecration t %\ld keep no?+ back f ! ,"l1 to a heav5-appo9t$ economy 9 ! adju/m5t ( =ces1 a cond5sation ( *ur*es 9 ! same neighborhood1 till ! comb9$ body c\ld support a pa/or1 furni% him ) all ne$$ facilities = ! prosecution ( 8 "w1 &1 at ! same "t1 op5 to him an adequate field ( labor4 ,all sup]num]>y m9i/]s 9 a giv5 locality w\ld ?us be set loose = ef=t :]e m5 are p]i%+ = lack ( vision4 ,!n ,apollos w\ld n int]f]e ) ,paul :5 he plant$1 nor ,paul ) ,apollos :5 he wat]$1 nor w\ld bo? ei!r plant or wat] at ! same po9t or "t1 provid$ "o c\ld d ! "w4 ,divisions unnecess>y4 ,b x is possible t "s1 call+ to m9d ! l>ge numb] ( weak congregations at ! ,ea/--:]e d5om9ational rivalry is less active ?an at ! ,we/--may claim t ?is feebl5ess is b a "p ( ! necess>y imp]fection ( human arrangem5ts2 t we mu/ always h ! poor ) u1 & t x is n ! sect>ianism ( ! ,we/ :i* s r$uces our *ur*es4 ,x 7 suffici5t to sugge/1 9 reply1 t ! weak *ur*es 9 ! old] /ates are f\nd :]e ! communities are weak1 9 b>r5 or uncultivat$ di/ricts1 or 9 regions depopulat$ by emigration1 :ile a l>ge proportion ( ! feeble *ur*es ( ! ,we/ are 9 popul\s1 vigor\s1 gr[+ communities1 :]e no?+ b irreligion or division c\ld keep ! congregations f be+ num]\s1 & :]e no?+ less ?an ! comb9ation ( ! two c\ld keep !m s small z !y are4 ,yond] are ?ree debilitat$ *ur*es /ruggl+ = exi/5ce aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,is x necess>y to ask :e!r1 if !y 7 jo9$ 9 "o1 & 7 ) "o he>t & voice cont5d+ = ! k+dom ( ,god1 ! ,*ri/ian /r5g? ( t community w\ld n be great]8 ,proportion ( weak ,*ur*es at ! ,we/4 ,b facts are at h& :i* %[ t ! relative numb] ( feeble *ur*es is mu* l>g] at ! ,we/ ?an at ! ,ea/4 ,( ! *ur*es 9 ,ill9ois & ,i[a connect$ ) ?ree lead+ d5om9ations1 ! proportion t mu/ be acc\nt$ v weak--hav+ n m ?an tw5ty-five communicants--is almo/ twice z great z 9 ! same d5om9ation tak5 entire1 & am\nts to ne>ly two fif?s ( ! :ole numb] report+4 ,^!1 aga91 tak5 ) ^? ^: memb]%ip ranges betwe5 tw5ty-five & fifty1 make up ne>ly sev5ty p] c5t4 ( ! :ole6 99 99 99 99 99 ,! au?or w\ld ask att5tion to a few que/ions 9 view ( ^! /ati/ics4 ,! above table 0 =m$ f report+ *ur*es4 ,!re are #icd *ur*es n report+4 ,giv+ to ^! la/ ! av]age proportion ( m9i/]s & weak *ur*es1 & we f9d ?is result3 ,:ole numb] ( *ur*es #gahg ,m9i/]s act+ z pa/ors & supplies #dccf ---- ,*ur*es )\t m9i/]s #bhea ,t is to say1 9 ?ree ( our l>ge/ & mo/ weal?y & intellig5t d5om9ations1 ne>ly "o ?ird ( _! *ur*es are )\t m9i/]s1 & ne>ly "o half ( !m h n ov] fifty memb]s1 & ! majority ( ^! memb]s1 no d\bt1 are wom54 ,!n ! relative numb] ( m9i/]s is con/antly decreas+4 ,9 ?is /ate ( ?+s1 to :at is ! ,*ur* & m9i/ry com+8 ,:5 "y m5 ( tal5ts & en]gy see n only indep5d5ce1 b weal? be=e !m 9 o!r call+s1 :]e1 9 prep>+1 !y w n ne$ to sp5d n9e ye>s 9 dead languages & lit]ature nev] to be us$2 :]e !y c h an abundant field ( usefulness1 & :]e _! m9ds c be free f cre$s & ! sup]vision ( ecclesia/ics & p>i%es1 h[ long w any su* seek ! m9i/ry8 ,w n ! m9i/ry ?us soon become ! resort1 fir/1 ( poor1 ambiti\s "y m51 :o f9d 9 its (ficial /&+ ! sure/ mode1 ) mod]ate tal5ts & means1 to ga9 ! highe/ social position2 & next1 ( ambiti\s "y m5 ( tal5ts1 :o1 among su* inf]ior competitors1 are sure ( ! be/ pulpits & highe/ sal>ies8 ,aga93 ,h[ long w ! laity s freely p\r out _! e>n+s to end[ colleges & !ological sem9>ies :5 su* results z ^! are se58 ,,note ,d1 page #ccf4 ,9 resign+ all f>!r ag5cy 9 practical educational ef=ts1 ! writ] hopes1 aft] s _m ye>s ( devotion to x1 %e may be all[$ to speak ) entire frankness h] views z to ! pres5t modes ( education4 ,! la/ ?irty ye>s h witness$ great ef=ts all ov] ! nation to improve & increase common s*ools1 & to multiply high] educational in/itutions4 ,al?\gh mu* has be5 said & writt5 9 reg>d to physical & moral tra9+ 9 s*ools1 un=tunately v little has be5 accompli%$4 ,x is ! intellectual dep>tm5t ( ! bra9 t has absorb$ att5tion1 z if ?is 7 ! *ief1 or ev5 ! :ole ( man4 ,p>5ts /imulate1 tea*]s /imulate1 lectur]s /imulate1 sup]9t5d5ts /imulate1 s*ool committees /imulate--all turn+ _! full en]gies on to only "o function ( ! bra94 ,9 our colleges1 ?is intellectual /imulat+ is divid$ & subdivid$1 "o pr(essor = "o dep>tm5t1 ano!r = a second1 & ano!r = a ?ird1 & s on1 till f twelve to tw5ty are ?us employ$4 ,meantime ! tra9+ ( ! body1 or ! developm5t ( ! social1 dome/ic1 & moral p[]s1 h n ev5 "o to m9i/] ! ne$ful c>e4 ,!n1 9 prep>atory bo>d+-s*ools = boys1 tak5 f "m1 si/]s1 & home influ5ces 9 ! fir/ blu% ( y\?1 all ! s*ool /imulus is turn$ on to ! bra9 to develop ,lat91 ,greek1 & ma!matics1 :ile heal? ( body & s\l p]i% "u abuse or neglect4 ,!n ! bo>d+-s*ool is tak+ ! "y girls ?r\gh a k9d ( college c\rse at ! mo/ critical p]iod ( life1 :ile _! *ief n]v\s en]gies are exhau/$ 9 complet+ a giv5 c\rse ( /udy 9 a giv5 "t1 & almo/ e law ( heal? = body & m9d are violat$4 ,!n1 9 our prim>y s*ools1 especially 9 cities1 :]e pure air1 heal?ful ex]cise1 & home employm5ts are lea/ at comm&1 all ! en]gies ( s*ool committees & sup]9t5d5ts ( s*ools are direct$ to secur+ a giv5 am\nt ( intellectual labor4 ,b :at is ! tea*+ ( physiology on ?is matt]8 ,?r\gh "o ( its greate/ writ]s1 ?us x speaks3 ,if "y *ildr5 are compell$ to sit quietly :ile _! m9ds are urg$ to undue action1 we take f !m ! noble/ "p ( _! /r5g?1 & consume x 9 ! function ( ?9k+4 ,?us gr[? is ret>d$1 ! limbs imp]fectly develop$1 ! dige/ion 7& ?us ! blood7 becomes bad1 scr(ula p]haps appe>s1 & !n ensues a great pr$om9ance ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,any unequal developm5t ( our faculties is injuri\s4 ,x is c]ta9 t m5tal ex]tions weak5 ! m !y are unaccompani$ by bodily movem5ts4 ,^? :o1 betwe5 m5tal occupations1 take bodily ex]cise1 c d m ?an ^? :o neglect ?is ex]cise4 ,! gr& evils ( our pres5t modes ( education are1 n t too mu* intellectual tra9+ is be/[$1 b t physical1 social1 & dome/ic tra9+ are neglect$4 ,! result is a univ]sal decay ( national vigor & heal?4 ,o!r causes1 su* z ! use ( /oves & unv5tilat$ h\ses1 improp] diet & dress1 ) excess 9 o!r modes ( /imulat+1 h _h a l>ge %>e 9 ! evil1 b !re c be no d\bt t mi/ak5 modes ( education are ! *ief causes ( ! ackn[l$g$ fact t our national heal? is p]i%+ at a frightful rate4 ,!re are facts t prove ! ,anglo-,saxon race1 z develop$ 9 ,am]ica "u ! be/ circum/ances1 is ! mo/ p]fect race on e>? z x respects size1 /r5g?1 & beauty4 ,! m\nta9 regions ( ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee1 :]e ! climate all[s all to live 9 pure air night & day1 ) ! simple food & habit ( =e/ life1 s5d out sons t1 appe>+ 9 =eign l&s1 are foll[$ by admir+ cr[ds z specim5 giants4 ,g5]al ,wa%+ton's /aff1 ?\gh n pick$ m51 7 mo/ ( !m ov] six feet 9 height1 ) size & muscle to correspond4 ,! vigor\s mo!rs & /alw>t sons t a*iev$ our ,revolution h giv5 place to sickly mo!rs ) a delicate & puny (fspr+4 ,! ,greeks1 ?\gh !y educat$ ! m9d1 took ev5 m pa9s to tra9 ! body1 & ?us !y became ! wise/1 /ronge/1 & mo/ p[]ful p on e>?4 ,we might d ! same1 & ) f> great] facilities2 b1 %\ld our pres5t rate ( det]ioration proce$1 two or m g5]ations w\ld br+ u out a race ( de=m$ & unheal?y pigmies4 ,= facts to su/a9 su* a pr$iction1 ! au?or begs leave to ref] to h] ,lett]s to ! ,p on ,heal? & ,happ9ess4 ,! great po9t n[ urg$ is t woman %\ld be tra9$1 n1 z "s w\ld urge1 to ent] ! pr(essions ( m51 b = h] own prop] bus9ess1 9 educat+ m9d 9 develop+ ! body ( infancy & *ildhood1 & 9 conduct+ ! economy ( an ord]ly1 happy1 & well-regulat$ home4 ,^! ardu\s & complicat$ duties dem& able assi/ance1 & "h is ! call+ ( ! female educator2 n to c>ry (f *ildr5 f _! p>5ts & home1 b r to aid ^! p>5ts 9 education 9 all dep>tm5ts4 ,x is manife/ly ! ,div9e int5tion t p>5ts %\ld be ! *ief educators ( ! race1 & all plans consi/5t ) ?is w succe$1 & all c\nt] to x w fail4 ,! bo>d+-s*ool is n 9 consonance ) ?is ,heav5-appo9t$ plan1 & ! evils multiply ar\nd x s fa/ t a nation ( s mu* common s5se z ours mu/ soon =sake x = ! true me?od4 ,aga93 9 ! gr& object ( educat+ humanity = an et]nal exi/5ce1 ! que/ions z to h[ ord9ation or baptism %all be adm9i/]$1 or :e!r x %all be *ur* eld]s or *ur* committees t rule1 are to be made second>y1 & ! foll[]s ( ,*ri/ are to unite = ! education ( ! race1 n z sects1 b z ,*ri/ians4 ,^! views pres5t ! pr9ciples on :i* is organiz$ ! ,am]ican ,woman's ,educational ,association4 ,its ma9 features are1 t x unites all sects 9 education2 t x sp5ds its funds1 n = great build+s to deprive ! "y ( p>5ts & homes1 b to provide well-tra9$ educators to assi/ p>5ts 9 _! homes2 &1 f9ally1 its lead+ aim is to prep>e woman = h] di/9ctive duties z educator1 nurse1 & f\nta9 ( home sympa?ies = ! race4 ,9 attempt+ ?is1 ! me?ods ! o!r sex h employ$ to honor & su/a9 _! pr(essions h be5 claim$1 viz43 in/itutions gov]n$ by a faculty in/ead ( an individual1 & tea*]s support$ by end[m5ts = ?is express object4 ,! foll[+ extract f ! f\r? ,annual ,report ( ?is ,association gives "s ( ! results4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to indicate :at has be5 accompli%$4 ,we h1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 evolv$ & set =? a fundam5tal idea4 ,?is is no small "p ( ! success ( any great movem5t4 ,:atev] 7 ! difficulties ( fir/ le>n+ to pr9t1 ! triumph ( ,gut5b]g 0 ne>ly a*iev$ :5 he fir/ ma/]$ ! idea ( ! type4 ,x 0 a second>y affair to "w x out & set ! _w vibrat+ to its p[]4 ,we h got ! idea1 & done some?+ t[>d its execution4 ,we h secur$ ! exi/5ce ( two in/itutions on our plan1 "o at ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons91 & ! o!r at ,dubuque1 ,i[a1 ^: unit$ catalogues w %[ "s five hundr$ pupils ! pa/ ye>4 ,bo? are 9 v successful op]ation1 ) effici5t bo>ds ( tea*]s1 sil5tly do+ ! "w = :i* !y h be5 e/abli%$4 ,we h unit$ all ! ,prote/ant citiz5s 9 ! noble "w ( f\nd+ & patroniz+ ^! in/itutions1 :i* !y *]i% z among _! mo/ valu$ public e/abli%m5ts4 ,we h %[n t ! faculty pr9ciple is z good = female in/itutions z = ^? ( ! o!r sex1 & t results may be expect$ f x = woman correspond+ 9 utility & dignity ) ^? x has secur$ to man4 ,we h %[n t1 by ! (f] ( ! small end[m5t ( tw5ty ?\s& doll>s1 we c secure ! e/abli%m5t ( "o ( ^! invaluable in/itutions1 & make x a p]man5t s\rce ( measureless good--a mo/ economical & wise exp5diture ( educational b5efactions4 ,we h1 9 %ort1 c>ri$ out our plan successfully j z f> z x c be done be=e ! end[m5ts are actually furni%$4 ,we h made a beg9n+ t[>d rais+ ! fir/ end[m5t1 & are able to report on h& & pl$g$ ne>ly t5 ?\s& doll>s4 ,our movem5t has ! confid5ce & full endorsem5t ( _m lead+ cl]gym51 educators1 & editors ( our c\ntry4 ,our in/itutions h ! he>ty co-op]ation ( ! religi\s bodies :]e !y are locat$4 ,at our la/ annual meet+1 an urg5t reque/ 0 made to ! ,association to aid 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a ?ird in/itution at ,kalamazoo1 ,mi*igan4 ,)\t any pl$ge ( imm$iate action1 x 0 agre$ t1 if ! citiz5s %\ld comply ) our conditions1 we w\ld aid !m z soon z our means w\ld all[4 ,^? conditions h n yet be5 met1 & we h n1 !re=e1 be5 call$ to d any ?+ at t place4 ,x has seem$ desirable1 moreov]1 t ! end[m5t ( ! two in/itutions already e/abli%$ %\ld be complet$ be=e attempt+ to f\nd o!rs4 ,! que/ions mo/ frequ5tly propos$ to ! conductors ( ?is ent]prise1 & ! answ]s to !m1 w n[ be introduc$4 ,h[ c ! bus9ess ( dome/ic economy be taught z a "p ( s*ool tra9+8 ,n 9 great bo>d+-s*ools1 :]e x nev] 0 or c be done4 ,! ,m\nt ,holyoke plan1 n[ s popul>1 is widely suppos$ to embrace ?is 9 its design4 ,b ! tea*+ ( ?is sci5ce is n ! aim ( _! dome/ic dep>tm5t4 ,x is a measure = r$uc+ exp5ses by sav+ hir$ labor1 :ile c]ta9 social advantages are suppos$ to be comb9$ ) x4 ,b no pupil is to be taught any ?+ 9 ?is dep>tm5t4 ,meantime1 introduc+ cook+1 wa%+1 iron+1 & h\se-clean+ z a regul> "p ( s*ool duty1 makes a sy/em ( su* detail & complication1 dem&+ s _m rules & su* /rict ob$i5ce z adds enorm\sly to ! already excessive pressure t is put on ! female bra94 ,?is is probably an insup]able difficulty att5dant on ?is sy/em1 t w =ev] =bid its introduction :]ev] ! heal?ful developm5t ( woman has its prop] reg>d4 ,h[1 !n1 is ! object aim$ at to be accompli%$8 ,9 reply we say1 t1 ) in/itutions e/abli%$ = ! express purpose ( tra9+ wom5 to be heal?y !mselves1 & to p]=m prop]ly all _! duties z educator1 nurse1 & regulator ( ! dome/ic /ate2 ) tea*]s support$ by end[m5ts = ?is express object2 ) a bo>d ( manag]s embrac+ "s ( ! mo/ influ5tial ladies 9 ! l&1 :o are or h be5 bo? practical tea*]s & h\sekeep]s2 ) committees ( influ5tial ladies 9 ea* place :]e su* in/itutions are locat$ to co-op]ate1 ! ?+ attempt$ c n fail to be done1 & 9 ! be/ mann]4 ,:atev] ought to be done1 c be2 & :atev] c be done1 w be1 :5 en]getic ,am]ican wom5 fairly und]take x4 ,b w end[m5ts = su* in/itutions be furni%$8 ,9 reply1 we po9t to ! multitudes ( ne$less colleges = ! o!r sex all ov] ! l&1 = :i* ! p are p\r+ =? su* abundant end[m5ts1 :ile wom5 are ev5 m lib]al1 accord+ to _! relative means1 ?an m54 ,s9ce ?is ef=t comm5c$1 "o lady has end[$ a pr(essor%ip 9 ,brunswick ,college1 ,ma9e4 ,ano!r lady has add$ #bj1jjj to ! ne>ly "o million end[m5ts ( ,cambridge4 ,^! two are ! fir/ cases ( end[m5ts = ! physical1 social1 & moral dep>tm5ts ( education4 ,woman1 !n1 has fir/ done = man :at is n[ s\ght = h] sex4 ,9 ?is same %ort p]iod1 suffici5t = ! end[m5t ( a !ological pr(essor%ip 9 ,connecticut has be5 furni%$ by female b5efactors4 ,9 ,new ,j]sey a lady has giv5 "s #cj1jjj = a college4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city ano!r lady has end[$ a !ological pr(essor%ip4 ,9 ,albany1 ,new ,york1 a lady has giv5 #ej1jjj = a sci5tific in/itution = man4 ,9 ,massa*usetts a lady has giv5 m ?an en\gh to end[ a pr(essor%ip = a college 9 ,wiscons94 ,_m m cases c be giv5 ( l>ge b5efactions1 am\nt+ 9 all to hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 giv5 by woman )9 a few ye>s = ! ri*ly-provid$ pr(essional in/itutions ( man1 :ile z yet n "o complete end[m5t = h] sex has be5 rais$4 ,:y is ?is8 ,because x is s difficult to *ange long-e/abli%$ cu/oms & habits ( ?\ght4 ,! idea t e ?+ mu/ be done = man's pr(ession1 & no?+ = woman's1 has s long be5 dom9ant1 t ev5 our own sex h fall5 into t belief & practice4 ,b ! ,am]ican p are em95t = practical wisdom & common s5se4 ,! "t is c]ta9ly com+ :5 ! true view is to possess ! public m9d1 & !n ! "r practice w foll[4 ,! "q is simply "o z to "t1 & z to :o are to be ! fir/ to provide means = ?is great movem5t to promote ! "r physical1 dome/ic1 & moral tra9+ ( our race1 ^: names %all %9e z b5efactors ( our sex1 z ,h>v>d & ,yale h %one = ! o!r4 ,b x is ask$1 ,:y g to ! ,we/ to e/abli% su* in/itutions8 ,because ! evils ( sect>ian /rife affect educational int]e/ mo/ sev]ely !re2 because educational in/itutions are mo/ ne$$ !re2 & because ! moral soil1 l ! natural1 be>s fruit s quickly & s abundantly4 ,b :y n end[ l>ge bo>d+ in/itutions already e/abli%$8 ,because x is contr>y to ! gr& design ( ,provid5ce to take *ildr5 away f p>5ts to educate !m2 because x is m economical to provide sup]ior tea*]s & s*ool-h\ses 9 cities & l>ge t[ns1 ?an to turn funds into brick & mort> to congregate great communities ( ! "y away f p>5ts1 home1 & all dome/ic pursuits2 & because ^? :o ne$ to g to bo>d+-s*ools c f9d homes 9 private families 9 l>ge t[ns4 ,b :y n h our public s*ools on ?is model8 ,because x c n be done until ! public1 by fair exp]im5ts1 h te/$ ! value ( su* in/itutions4 ,s long1 too1 z =eign l&s are empty+ all classes into our c\ntry1 & _! *ildr5 ent] all public s*ools1 x w be impossible to br+ ! *ildr5 ( ! weal?y classes into !m4 ,9 conclusion1 ! au?or asks e true woman :o reads ?is to help 9 ?is ef=t = ! wom5 & ! *ildr5 ( our c\ntry4 ,if %e has money to give1 x c be s5t to our ag5t1 ,rev4 ,william ,l4 ,p>sons1 ,no4 #aa ,cliff ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,if %e has "t to devote to ! "w1 let h] s5d #a #be by mail to ,h>p] ,bro!rs1 ,new ,york1 & %e w receive1 )\t f>!r exp5se1 ! au?or's two works1 "o on ,dome/ic ,economy1 & ! o!r on ,physiology & ,physical ,tra9+1 design$ z text-books = s*ools4 ,%e c !n use h] influ5ce to introduce !m1 :ile ! au?or's pr(its1 z !y ev] h be51 w be devot$ to ?is object4 ,! foll[+ is ! ,con/itution ( ! association & ! names ( ! ladies & g5tlem5 :o sup]9t5d ! ent]prise4 ,mo/ ( !m h be5 practical tea*]s1 mo/ are practical h\sekeep]s1 :ile !y repres5t sev5 diff]5t religi\s d5om9ations3 ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,woman',s ,,educational ,,association4 ,,art4 #a4 ,! "n ( ?is ,society is ! ,,am]ican ,,woman',s ,,educational ,,association4 ,,art4 #b4 ,! object ( ?is ,association is to aid 9 secur+ to ,am]ican ,wom5 a lib]al education1 honorable position1 & remun]ative employm5t 9 _! appropriate pr(ession2 ! di/9ctive pr(ession ( woman be+ consid]$ z embrac+ ! tra9+ ( ! human m9d1 ! c>e ( ! human body 9 infancy & 9 sickness1 & ! cons]vation ( ! family /ate4 ,,art4 #c4 ,! lead+ measure to be pursu$ by ?is ,association is ! e/abli%m5t ( p]man5t end[$ in/itutions = wom51 embrac+ ! lead+ features ( college & pr(essional in/itutions = ! o!r sex1 i4 e41 !y %all be conduct$ by a ,faculty ( ,tea*]s1 ea* be+ ! head ( a giv5 dep>tm5t1 & no "o hav+ control ov] ! o!rs4 ,an (fice correspond+ to t ( ! ,presid5t ( a college %all be optional ) ^? :o control ea* in/itution4 ,,art4 #d4 ,! mode ( e/abli%+ su* in/itutions %all be z foll[s3 ,an ag5t ( ?is ,association %all make ?is (f] to "s city or l>ge t[n 9 a section :]e tea*]s & s*ools are mo/ ne$$4 ,fir/3 ,t ! citiz5s %all organize a ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees1 9 :i* ! v>i\s religi\s d5om9ations ( ! place %all be fairly repres5t$2 t ^! ,tru/ees %all provide tempor>y accommodations1 & pupils en\gh to support f\r ,tea*]s2 t a ,prim>y & a ,high ,s*ool ,dep>tm5t be organiz$1 & t ! college plan ( a ,faculty ( ,tea*]s be adopt$4 ,on ^! conditions1 ! ,association %all furni% ! ,in/itution ) a libr>y & app>atus to ! value ( "o ?\s& doll>s4 ,! fir/ ,bo>d ( ,tea*]s %all be appo9t$ by ! ,association1 ) ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,tru/ees1 & !reaft] ! ,faculty %all h ! nom9at+ & ! ,tru/ees ! appo9t+ p[]4 ,second3 ,z soon z ! ,tea*]s h secur$ public confid5ce1 & prov$ t !y c "w h>moni\sly toge!r1 ! citiz5s %all erect a build+ at an exp5se ( n less ?an t5 ?\s& doll>s1 & engage to give gratuit\s tuition to tw5ty ,normal ,pupils4 ,9 return1 ! ,association %all provide an end[m5t ( tw5ty ?\s& doll>s1 ! int]e/ ( :i* %all furni% ! sal>ies ( ! ?ree sup]ior tea*]s1 ea* hav+ *>ge ( "o ( ! ?ree dep>tm5ts set =? above z con/itut+ ! pr(ession ( woman4 ,!y %all also aid 9 ! lit]>y in/ruction4 ,^! ?ree tea*]s1 ) ! b5efici>y ,normal ,pupils1 & any o!rs :o may wi% & are qualifi$ to ent]1 %all con/itute ! ,normal ,dep>tm5t4 ,! ,normal ,pupils %all act z ,assi/ants 9 ! ,prim>y & ,high ,s*ool ,dep>tm5ts1 "u ! direction ( ! ,pr9cipal ,tea*]s4 ,,art4 #e4 ,) ea* in/itution %all be connect$ an organization ( ladies resid5t 9 ! place ( location1 :o1 ) ! ,tea*]s ( ! ,normal ,dep>tm5t1 %all c>ry out a sy/em = rais+ up s*ools 9 de/itute places1 & = secur+ employ & suitable comp5sation = all tea*]s tra9$ 9 ! in/itution4 ,:5 ! home supply is inadequate1 ! ,tea*]s %all be s\ght f ! ,bo>d ( ,national ,popul> ,education1 & o!r simil> associations4 ,all tea*]s ?us locat$ %all be "u ! special c>e ( ?is local ,association1 & ! bo>d+ e/abli%m5t ( ! ,normal ,dep>tm5t %all s]ve z a tempor>y home to !m 9 all em]g5cies dem&+ x4 ,,art4 #f4 ,funds contribut$ = end[m5ts %all be held 9 tru/ = ?is ,association by g5tlem5 ,tru/ees incorporat$ = ! purpose4 ,,art4 #g4 ,! :ole control ( ! bus9ess & funds %all be 9 a ,bo>d ( ,manag]s1 :o %all appo9t _! own (fic]s1 ag5ts1 & executive committee4 ,?is ,bo>d %all h p[] to p]petuate & increase itself1 b ! numb] f any "o religi\s d5om9ation %all nev] exce$ "o fif? ( ! :ole4 ,n less ?an sev5 diff]5t d5om9ations %all be repres5t$ 9 ! ,bo>d1 & a majority %all be ladies :o are or h be5 practical tea*]s4 ,any numb] ( memb]s pres5t1 ( ! ,bo>d or ( ! ,executive ,committee1 at any meet+ ( ei!r1 due notice hav+ be5 giv5 ( su* meet+1 %all con/itute a quorum4 ,! ,bo>d %all meet annually at su* "t & place z x %all appo9t1 & ! presid+ (fic] %all be appo9t$ at ea* meet+4 ,a meet+ may also be call$ at any "t1 at ! reque/ ( any ?ree memb]s ( ! ,bo>d4 ,,art4 #h4 ,any p]son may become an honor>y life memb] ( ?is ,association by ! paym5t ( tw5ty-five doll>s1 & an honor>y patron ( ! ent]prise by ! paym5t ( fifty doll>s or upw>d4 ,,bo>d ,,( ,,manag]s ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,woman',s ,,educational ,,association4 ,mrs4 ,z4 ,p4 ,g4 ,bani/]1 ,newburyport1 ,mass4 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,h4 ,sig\rney1 ,h>t=d1 ,conn4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,j4 ,hale1 ,philadelphia4 ,miss ,p4 ,fobes1 ,monticello1 ,ill4 ,mrs4 ,g54 ,j4 ,g\ld1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,ricord1 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,b4 ,/[e1 ,&ov]1 ,mass4 ,mrs4 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,c4 ,conant1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,miss ,c4 ,e4 ,bee*]1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,miss ,m>y ,mortim]1 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 ,miss ,c4 ,m4 ,s$gwick1 ,new ,york4 ,mrs4 ,pr(4 ,d4 ,c4 ,van ,norman1 ,mrs4 ,m>cus ,spr+1 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,m4 ,kirkl&1 ,mrs4 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,web/]1 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,h4 ,gibbons1 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,w4 ,milbank1 ,mrs4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,*eev]1 ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,dwight1 ,jr41 ,mrs4 ,james ,h>p]1 ,mrs4 ,d4 ,codwise1 ,mrs4 ,*>les ,ab]ne?y1 ,mrs4 ,pr(4 ,h5ry ,b4 ,smi?1 ,mrs4 ,joseph ,f4 ,/one1 ,miss ,c>ol9e ,l4 ,griff91 ,mrs4 ,rev4 ,abel ,/ev5s1 ,mrs4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,l4 ,p>sons1 ,! foll[+ g5tlem5 are ! ,(fic]s "u ! ,act ( ,incorporation grant$ to ! ,association by ! ,legislature ( ,new ,york 9 #ahee4 ,,b5j4 ,w4 ,,bonney1 ,presid5t4 ,,wm4 ,l4 ,,p>sons1 ,cor4 ,secret>y4 ,,h5ry ,a4 ,,hurlbut1 ,treasur]4 ,,bo>d ,,( ,,manag]s4 ,,cyrus ,w4 ,,field1 ,,josiah ,w4 ,,bak]1 ,,b5j4 ,w4 ,,bonney1 ,,h5ry ,a4 ,,hurlbut1 ,,wm4 ,l4 ,,p>sons4 ,,f9ance ,,committee4 ,,cyrus ,w4 ,,field1 ,,josiah ,w4 ,,bak]1 ,,b5j4 ,w4 ,,bonney4 ,,=m ,,( ,,beque/4 ,i give & bequea? to ! ,am]ican ,woman's ,educational ,association1 incorporat$ by or "u an ,act ( ! ,legislature ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ! sum ( space ,doll>s1 :i* ,i direct to be paid by my executors to ! ,treasur] ( said ,association = ! "t be+4