,transcrib]'s ,notes3      ,und]scores  
80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate  
italics      9 ! orig9al text4    ,small
 capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,solid      
capitals4    ,old or antiquat$ spell+s h
 be5 pres]v$4    ,typographical errors h
 be5 sil5tly correct$ b o!r v>iations   
9 spell+ & punctuation rema9 unalt]$4   
,illu/ration    ,,t[>ds ,,! ,,inf9ite1  
,frontispiece                           
,,tw5ty ,,draw+s                        
,,by ,,kahlil ,,gibran                  
,,) ,,an ,,introductory ,,essay ,,by    
,,alice ,,raphael                       
,illu/ration                            
,,new ,,york                            
,,alfr$  ,a  ,,knopf                    
,,mcmxix                                
,,copyright1 #aiai1 ,,by                
,,alfr$ ,a4 ,,knopf1 ,,inc4             
,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,(     
,,am]ica          ,,plates        ,t[>ds
 ! ,inf9ite1 ,frontispiece    ,! ,great]
 ,self    ,! ,bl9d    ,! ,m\nta9        
,flight    ,c5taur & ,*ild    ,uplift$  

,! ,rock    ,! ,wat]fall    ,! ,burd5   
,! ,great ,long+    ,veil$ ,face        
,crucifi$    ,compassion    ,! ,triangle
    ,! ,/ruggle    ,! ,great ,alon5ess  
,woman ,) ,g>m5t    ,"m & ,*ild         
,inn]mo/          ,,on ,,! ,,art ,,(    
,,kahlil ,,gibran      8,! lives ( =m]  
g5]ations are a lesson to po/]ity40 ,?is
  quotation f ! volume :i* is curr5tly  
accept$ z !  ma/]piece ( anci5t ,arabic 
lit]ature1 ,! ,?\s& & ,"o ,nights1      
s]ves 9 a slightly p>aphras$ =m z a     
fitt+ introduction to !  "w ( ! mo/     
au?oritative arti/ & poet ( mod]n       
,arabia--,kahlil  ,gibran4    ,9 ! ne>  
,ea/ !re are ov] a hundr$ million ^:    
native language  is ,arabic & ! poetry (
 ,gibran has become s incorporat$ ) !   
national traditions ( ^! p t "o is n    
quot+ lightly  9 say+ t 8! works ( !    
pres5t g5]ation are a lesson to         
po/]ity40 ,b ,gibran ! poet1 :o has be5 
kn[n to ! ,arabian  _w ( lett]s z poet1 
critic & hi/orian = tw5ty-f\r ye>s1  has
 already be5 introduc$ to ! ,engli%     

read+ public by 8 book  8,! ,madman10 a 
collection ( poems & p>ables1 "s        
translat$ by  him = 8 own works 9       
,arabic & o!rs writt5 directly 9 ,engli%
  ) an admirable flu5cy & comm& ( !     
,we/]n tongue4    ,x is ,gibran ! pa9t] 
^: draw+s are n[ be+ br\ght to !        
att5tion ( 8 ,am]ican audi5ce & ! foll[+
 int]pretation (  8 art w p]haps s]ve z 
a clue to ! ev] entranc+ my/]y (  !     
h>monies & dissonances :i* exi/ betwe5 !
 ,ea/ & ! ,we/4    ,kahlil ,gibran 0    
born 9 ,mt4 ,lebanon & al?\gh he has    
delib]ately  *os5 to id5tify himself ) !
 new _w & its surg+ problems1  8        
affiliations ) ,syria =m su* a vital "p 
( 8 life t  9 ?is in/ance x seems z if !
 l9ks betwe5 ! old _w &  ! new 7        
admirably =g$ & adequately temp]$4      
,despite !  fact t he feels himself to  
be ess5tially a ,syrian & t he is       
acclaim$ z ! au?oritative spokesman = ! 
,arabic p 9 !  alli$ arts1 ,gibran      
belongs to ! _w outside ( nationali/ic  
int]e/s & 8 art is a product ( a deep   

sympa?y ) ! problems  :i* con/itute !   
mov+ curr5t ( life 9 all nations &      
?r\gh\t all ages4 ,8 poetry is a bl5d ( 
anci5t imag]y c\pl$  ) ! poignant irony 
( mod]n introspection1 & 8 pa9t+ is     
also a product ( ! abundant phantasies (
 ! ,ori5t set =? )  z scrupul\s a       
p]fection ( te*nique z ! ,we/ has ev]   
produc$4    ,x is ?is bl5d ( ! poet & ! 
pa9t] :i* makes 8 "w  /& ap>t f ! mod]n 
poetry ( ! ,ea/ :i* we h come  to "k 9 !
 "w ( ,tagore = in/ance1 & :i* sep>ates 
8  pa9t+ f ! traditional conception (   
,ori5tal art4 ,= ,gibran1  9 spite ( 8  
filial allegiance to ,syria1 is a citiz5
 ( ! l&  ( ,cosmopolis--t ev] mov+      
realm1 some:at l ! fabl$ isl&  (        
,atlantis1 :i* belongs to all times & to
 no p>ticul> place2 s  t ,gibran1       
besides be+ ! mo/ widely read poet (    
mod]n ,arabia1  is also closely         
affiliat$ ) ,p>is4 ,!re he work$ ) ,rod9
  & he exhibit$ at ! ,salon a s]ies (   
portraits1 :i* includ$  ,debussy1 ,ro/&1
 ,s>ah ,b]nh>dt1 & ,rod9 himself1 :o    

said3 8,i "k  ( no "o else 9 :om draw+ &
 poetry are s l9k$ toge!r z to  make him
 a new ,blake40    ,8 s5sitive          
appreciation ( ! int]relation ( ! arts  
enables him  to be ! spokesman = ! g5ius
 ( ! ,arabic p to :om !  ,we/]n _w owes 
a debt :i* x is only beg9n+ n[ to       
appreciate1  & no poet ( =m] g5]ations  
has done m to br+ ab\t a clos]  und]/&+ 
betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ ?an ,kahlil      
,gibran4    ,tagore1 = in/ance1 belongs 
exclusively to ,india4 ,:e!r we read    
him or n--:e!r we incorporate 8 "w ) t (
 o!r mod]n  s*ools1 nev]!less ?is does n
 affect ! value ( ,tagore to  ,india4 ,=
 he has n liv$ 9 ! l& ( ,cosmopolis nor 
does he l5d  8 int]e/s to ! new era 9   
we/]n lit]ature4 ,b ,gibran has  *os5 to
 co-op]ate ) ,we/]n arts & lett]s & 8   
fai? 9 !  developm5t ( our 8/atic       
culture0 is inde$ a lesson to po/]ity4  
,he has surr5d]$ 8 position z a lead] 9 
! _w ( ! ne>  ,ea/ 9 ord] to br+ !      
traditions & g5ius ( ! ,arabic p  to !  
att5tion ( ! ,we/]n _w4 ,& al?\gh       

comm5tators h  long s9ce ackn[l$g$ our  
debt 9 lit]ature to ! ,arabs1 :o        
introduc$ rhyme into ,europe ov] a ?\s& 
ye>s ago1 & hi/orians  h admitt$ !      
impetus :i* 0 giv5 to ! sci5ces by      
,arabic  philosoph]s1 yet x rema9s !    
task ( a mod]n to introduce u 9  pa9t+  
to ! va/ poetical conceptions :i*       
con/itute a "p (  ! h]itage ( ! ,arabian
 race m9d4    ,kahlil ,gibran is "o ( ! 
arti/s :o are engag$ 9 ! /ruggle  betwe5
 ! old & ! new1 or z 9 o!r times1 !     
conflict 0  t]m$1 ! oscillation betwe5 !
 classic & ! romantic t5d5cies  9 art4  
,z a poet1 he is a ,romantici/1 mov+    
abrea/ ! times &  incorporat+ ! ke5ly   
analytic _s ( our age into ! anci5t     
p>able or ! simple =m ( rhy?mic prose4  
,b 9 pa9t+ he is a  ,classici/ & 8 "w   
owes m to ! f9d+s ( da ,v9ci ?an x  does
 to any ( our mod]n insurg5ts4 ,?us     
,gibran is also caught 9  ! /ruggle :i* 
is ! besett+ problem ( ! _w today1 !    
recon/ruction ( an era :i* w adju/ !    
imp]i%able legacy  ( ! old _w1 ! classic

 traditions1 ) ! ev] evolv+1  fluctuat+ 
t5d5cies 9 art :i* con/itute ! ess5ce ( 
true  ,romanticism4    ,= ! cataclysm   
:i* has ov]:elm$ our _w & is caus+ u  to
 recon/ruct our geographical b\nd>ies & 
political t5ets1 also  dem&s u to       
recon/ruct our moral valuations & our   
/&>ds  9 ! life ( ! s\l1 ( :i* art is "o
 ( ! mo/ pr(\nd  manife/ations4 ,& z we 
?9k back ^u ! de/ruction :i* has        
sep>at$ ! _w ) :i* we 7 famili> f ! _w 9
 :i*  we move today1 we become m & m    
aw>e ( ! cataclysm :i* has  s completely
 %att]$ our philosophies1 dogmas &      
arti/ic beliefs4    ,a sombre burd5 has 
desc5d$ ^u ! %\ld]s ( ! com+  g5]ation1 
^: task x is to create a _w z yet 9     
embryo--&1  if our arts are n to g d[n  
be=e su* inspirations z !  cam\flage1 & 
if sci5ce is n to be pro/itut$ to su*   
creations  z ! tank1--if a nobl]        
expression ( en]gy is yet to r$eem man  
f ! pit into :i* 8 de/ructive p[] has   
plung$ him1 !n 9  ! p]iod (             
recon/ruction he mu/ ins5sibly turn to  

new & m  vital =ms ( self-expression4   
,religion 9 ! traditional mean+ c  no   
long] lift him out ( ! rut ( 8 suff]+ & 
only 9 ano!r  =m ( expression :i* w     
portray ! realities ( ! s\l  dev\tly1   
ei!r 9 t]ms ( art1 sci5ce or social     
cre$s1 w he be  able to effect a        
transition betwe5 ! dea? agony ( ! old  
_w  & ! travail ( ! new4    ,b ev5 9 ?is
 d>k trav]se ?r\gh :i* we are pass+ 9 an
  ef=t to w9 a new] life z our own1 we  
are aw>e ( c]ta9  g]m9at+ influ5ces :i* 
already =e%ad[ ! art ( ! future1  s t ! 
productions ( an arti/ c nev] be        
evaluat$ 9 t]ms  ( self-expression alone
 b mu/ be measur$ by _! relation to !   
organic processes ( :i* !y are an       
integral "p4    ,to ! int]pretive m9d1 =
 in/ance1 ! de/ruction ( ,c>?age  _c be 
judg$ z a pyrote*nical display ( milit>y
 pr[ess1 =  t :i* is significant 0 !    
impetus ( *ange :i* t act  gave to      
civilization4 ,) ! importation ( ! cult 
( ,cybele1 !  great ,"m1 ,rome 0 plac$ 9
 direct communication ) ! ,ea/  & a     

contact betwe5 ! mod]n & ! anci5t _w 0  
firmly  e/abli%$4 ,ev5tually1 ! religion
 & ! art ( ! ,ea/ n  only acquir$ a     
foo?old1 b became an integral "p ( lat] 
,roman  culture1 s t ,rome 0 conqu]$ by 
t :i* c5turies be=e  x _h set out to    
subdue4 ,! ,romans set out to conqu] a  
rival &  br\ght back ! religion & !reby 
mu* ( _! rival's sy/em (  p[]4 ,9 ?is   
way a process :i* on ! surface 0        
nationali/ic  became fundam5tally a "p (
 ! organic evolution ( civilization1    
:i* r$irect$ ! cultural processes ( a   
nation & ev5tually (  :at 01 !n1 ! mod]n
 _w4    ,?us ! t]m mod]n loses its co9  
value :5 we see h[ lightly  x c be %ift$
 f era to era1 d5ot+ c]ta9 types ( ideas
  r ?an p]iods ( "t4 ,= ! life ( ! inn] 
_w is  )\t b\nd>ies o!r ?an p]sonal     
limitations1 )\t national  or           
p>ticul>i/ic int]e/s o!r ?an ^? we      
volunt>ily adopt4  ,we %ift our         
emotional cont5ts ^u a ^w l 8,sp>tacide0
 & x  becomes a mod]n equival5t2 x is at
 once cut adrift f its orig9al          

connotation & x becomes vitally relat$  
to our own int]e/s &  feel+s4 ,9 %ort ! 
^w1 ! symbol fla%es ! pa/ to life &     
passes on to mean+ into ! pres5t 9 ord] 
to /imulate ! m9d to  seek out new      
intellectual pa/ures4    ,= ! s\l is    
occupi$ ) b a few problems & ^! are     
s+ul>ly few4 ,life 9 its elem5tal       
function+ is b a  trans=mation ( !      
processes ( ,bir?1 ,love & ,dea?4 ,!    
hung] (  ! appetites & ! hung] (        
possession2 ! desire = adv5ture  & ! fe>
 ( ! unkn[n2 to love & to be lov$2 out (
 ^!  ess5tial simplicities1 man has     
erect$ ! va/ complexities ( life  & to  
^! ess5tial simplicities ! arti/ mu/    
return :o seeks  a new means (          
expression amid/ ! clutt] ( religions1  
arts &  moralities4    ,^? :o h witness$
 ! dis9tegration ( a _w c no long]  f9d 
satisfaction 9 objective pa9t+4 ,:at has
 ! art ( ,messoni]  to say to a man :o  
has liv$ 9 a tr5*8 ,:at has ! art (     
,watteau  to (f] to m5 :o h exp]i5c$    
%rapnel or ! subm>9e8 ,we  "k t ,v]onese

 work$ amid/ ! voluptu\s realities :i*  
he  depict$2 we "k t ,watteau phantasi$ 
! %eph]d & %eph]dess  exquisitely1 b to 
u ?is type ( pa9t+ is m]ely int]e/+     
because ( its hi/oric value4            
,intr9sically1 x has no message to  (f] 
u4    ,x is at ?is po9t 9 art t         
symbolism reveals itself z !  int]relat+
 pr9ciple betwe5 ! life ( ! s\l &       
objective  life2 t is to say t j z !    
symbol ( ! ^w is !  int]*ang+ co9 betwe5
 anci5t & mod]n concepts1 s 9 art1 !    
symbolic mean+ is ! int]*ang+ m$ium     
betwe5 ! mod]n & !  antique4 ,yet be=e  
we apply ! ^w 8symbolic0 to an arti/ we 
mu/  fir/ come to a cle> conception (   
its value1 = x is a ^w :i*  "o approa*es
 ) hesitancy z its mean+ has become s   
cl\d$ by  misusage t our m9d fla%es     
in/antly to t gr\p :o 7 ?us  classifi$ &
 !n to ! satirical lyric ( ! man 8walk+ 
d[n  ,piccadilly ) a lily 9 8 m$iaeval  
h&40    ,we c get no cle>] picture (    
symbolism 9 ,art ?an by recall+  t p]iod
 & s*ool :i* gave e appe>ance ( x & yet 

nev]  possess$ its ess5ce4 ,!           
pre-,raphaelites = in/ance1 attempt$  to
 recreate 9 _! mode & mann]1 t :i* 0 =  
ev] pa/  j z c]ta9 mod]ni/s attempt a   
crude simplicity :i* 0 only  *>act]i/ic 
( primitive humanity4 ,! true symboli/  
is conc]n$  ) ! life ( ! inn] _w4 ,to 8 
eyes ! *ang+ cultures (  man are m]ely  
trans=mations ^u :i* he focusses 8      
att5tion4  ,:]eas1 to ! ideationi/--!   
objective arti/--ea* epo*1 ea*  /rata 9 
! hi/ory ( man is a sep>ate & di/9ct    
reality &  he occupies himself depict+ !
 surfaces & planes ( ! out]  expression 
( life4 ,he is 9 con/ant relation to !  
pres5t2 he has  no p]sonal affiliation )
 ! va/ spiritual life ( ! pa/ &         
possesses no embryonic conception ( !   
future4    ,b to ! true symboli/ life is
 a p]petual recreation & he moves  9 a  
_w fre$ f traditions & conf9es4 ,he ne$ 
n attempt to  escape f ! limitations ( !
 pres5t by seek+ ! mann]isms (  an      
enigmatical pa/4 ,he is 9 direct contact
 ) t pa/ & h5ce  ! future is an ev]     

fluid & ev] lum9\s atmosph]e2 he is at  
"o  ) fundam5tals4    ,if we exam9e ! "w
 ( ! e>ly ,primitives we see at once h[ 
deeply imbu$ !y 7 ) ! ess5ce (          
symbolism4 ,9 fact1 !y  c>$ s deeply = !
 _s ( ! idea t ! mann] ( its            
pres5tation caus$ !m little conc]n4 ,!y 
cov]$ ! walls (  ,assisi because !y wi%$
 to tell ! /ory ( ,jesus t o!rs  might  
"k & pr(it by x4 ,to !m1 ,jesus 0 a     
reality1 n a /ory  ab\t :i* to make a   
pa9t+1 & consequ5tly x 0 a matt] (      
indiff]5ce to ,ghirl&aio :e!r ! wom5    
att5d+ ! ,virg9  wore ! dresses ( 8 own 
age or ^? ( antiquity4 ,!y 7 !  wom5    
att5d+ ! ,virg9 & t :i* has giv5 !      
,santa ,m>ia  ,novella its lu/re1 is !  
p[] ( a feel+1 vision$1 exp]i5c$1       
grasp$--& !n put =? aga94    ,h[ev]1 9 !
 m9ds ( ! pre-,raphaelites1 ! vision 0  
mo/  assidu\sly cultivat$4 ,_! v        
pre-occupation proves !m to h  be5      
objective arti/s div]t$ f _! prop]      
function+4 ,!y  did n seek ! vision (   
,engl&1 :i* w\ld h be5 _! true          

expression1 ! s5tim5tal ,victorian      
,engl& ( _! day1 b !y  turn$ _! eyes    
t[>ds ! ,italy ( ! pa/ & became bl9d$   
by ! du/ ( ! c5turies :i* lay ^u x4 ,!  
result 0  n>rative art1 a beautiful &   
+5i\s affectation ( ! s\rce  (          
inspiration1 b ! symbols ( love & sorr[1
 ( joy & pa9  became involv$ 9 confus$  
my/icism4 ,= ! pre-,raphaelites s\ght  n
 _! own _s b t ( ano!r1 n ! mean+ )9 b  
t ly+ z f> away z possible--9 fact ! m  
remote x 01  ! m !y s\ght x4 ,!y        
reproduc$ in/ead ( creat+1 &  !y h giv5 
u beautiful /ories1 beautiful pictures1 
beautiful  ideas--ev]y?+ except t :i* c 
nev] be reproduc$1 & t  is ! _s ( _! own
 age4    ,9 ! sep>ation ( ! symboli/ f !
 ideationi/1 ! art ( !  ,ea/ is mo/     
concisely divid$ f ! art ( ! ,we/4 ,to !
 ,ea/  ! lotus is a fl[]1 b also a      
symbol ( div9ity2 to ! ,we/ x is  a fl[]
 develop+ into ! acan?us design &       
complet+ ! circle1  x becomes a         
decoration1 & s aga9 only a fl[]4 ,aga9 
! e>?1  ! sun1 ! sea1 t :i* is above1 & 

t :i* lies b5ea?1 are  to ! ,we/]n m9d1 
mat]ials ( /udy to be t\*$1 repres5t$1  
und]/ood & grasp$4 ,b to ! ,ea/1 x      
suffices t ^! ?+s  are & w be et]nally1 
& t beh9d ^! realities :i* we  visualize
 & "k1 lie o!r & aga9 o!r =ces &        
exp]i5ces1  o!r suns1 o!r seas1 melt+   
my/]i\sly into "o ano!r z !  leaves ( ! 
lotus4    ,x is at ?is divid+ l9e ( ,ea/
 & ,we/1 ( ! symboli/ &  ! ideationi/1 t
 ! "w ( ,kahlil ,gibran pres5ts itself z
 an  arre/+ type 9 our conception (     
pa9t+4 ,he has accept$ bo? !  traditions
 ( =m & ! inn] mean+ ( ! idea1 & he     
exhibits  bo? a new type ( "w & ano!r   
me?od ( approa* to fundam5tal  tru?s4   
,! qualities ( ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ are bl5d$
 9 him ) a  s+ul> felicity ( expression1
 s t :ile he is ! symboli/  9 ! true    
s5se ( ! ^w1 he is n affix$ to          
traditional  expression1 z he w\ld be if
 he 7 creat+ 9 ! mann] (  ! ,ea/1 & ?\gh
 he n>rates a /ory z def9itely z any    
pre-,raphaelite1 x is )\t any fan-f>e ( 
hi/orical circum/ances  or any ( !      

accompanim5t ( symbolic accessories4 ,9 
8 art !re  is no conflict :e!r ! idea   
%all prevail ov] ! emotion1 or  :e!r    
emotion %all sway ! ?\ght1 because bo?  
are s equally  e/abli%$ t we are n      
consci\s ( "o or ! o!r z dom9ant4  ,!y  
co-exi/ 9 h>mony & ! result is an       
expression ( %e]  beauty 9 :i* ?\ght &  
feel+ are equally bl5d$4 ,9 ?is fusion  
( two oppos+ t5d5cies ! art ( ,gibran   
transc5ds ! conflicts  ( s*ools & is    
beyond ! fix$ conceptions ( ! classic or
  romantic traditions4    ,an illum9at+ 
beauty in=ms 8 "w2 to him ! idea becomes
  beautiful if x is true2 ! emotion     
becomes tru? if x is real4 ,he          
possesses a s+ul> p[] ( divid+ :at is   
ess5tial f :at is  extrane\s 9 !        
pres5tation ( beauty & tru?4 ,& he keeps
 to  a simplicity ( mann] 9 ! portrayal 
( an idea :i* is closely  ak9 to ! _s ( 
! ,primitives1 albeit ! art ( ! c5turies
  has gone into ! m\ld+ ( 8 p[]s2 b 9 8 
/atem5ts he is  simple1 almo/           
in/9ctively simple4 ,9 fact1 he may be  

describ$ z an  intuitive arti/--z t type
 ( arti/ ^: feel+ is l !  div9+ rod :i* 
leads d[n to %afts ( gold5 values & :o  
does  n obfuscate 8 m9d ) intellectual  
conceptions ( :at or h[ he  %\ld create4
 ,& hav+ foll[$ 8 in/9ctive flair =     
tru?1 he  n[ applies 8 consci\s p[]s to 
p]fect 8 f9d+ & to create  8 embryonic  
expressions into pa9t+s ( beauty &      
value4    ,he ne$s only a small %eet (  
pap] to give u ! mean+ ( !  8,erdgei/02 
we see a body ( a woman :o rises out ( !
 va/ =m (  ! ,all-,"m1 c>ry+ 9 h] arms  
man & woman4 ,only ! head (  ! unfold+  
"m ) its my/]i\s smile is drawn 9 :at we
 are  accu/om$ to ?9k ( z draw+4 ,!re is
 ! /ory1 int]pret x  z y w2             
,erda--,amida--,c]es--,m>y--! *oice is a
 matt] ( "t  & temp]am5t4 ,! mean+ is ! 
same & ,gibran is deal+ )  fundam5tals4 
,b 9 ! portrayal ( ! idea he is         
scrupul\sly fai?ful to !  p]fection ( 8 
te*nique4 ,?us beauty is ! f9al arbit]  
^u  ! de/9y ( 8 production4 ,he creates 
) intuitive feel+ !n  %apes 8 "w into   

unity ) ! p[] ( ?\ght1 b bo? ^!         
impulses are guid$ & gu>d$ by a pr(\nd  
love & appreciation  ( ! beautiful :i*  
enables him to portray t :i* he has to  
say z simply & z s9c]ely z x is possible
 = him to d s4 ,x  is ?is quality (     
in/9ctive simplicity :i* makes 8 pa9t+ s
  cle>ly ak9 to ! art ( ! sculpture1 = !
 sculptor1 unless 9  relief1 _c deal )  
any?+ o!r ?an ! ess5tial idea & !       
beauty ( =m4 ,9 sculpture !re are no    
accessories ( backgr\nd1  no gradations 
( col\r values to attract ! eye &       
deflect ! m9d  f ?\ght4 ,v few pa9t]s h 
be5 able to express !  ess5tials ( life 
9 pa9t+4 ,da ,v9ci attempt$ x b he 0    
lur$  away f ! que/ by 8 love (         
subtleties1 & pupils l ,lu9i or  ,sodoma
 express$ ! subtleties b fail$ to grasp 
! inn] mean+  :i* held ,da ,v9ci to 8   
p]petual que/4    ,! art ( ,gibran is   
symbolic 9 ! deepe/ mean+ ( ! ^w        
because its roots spr+ f ^? basic tru?s 
:i* are fundam5tal  = all ages & all    
exp]i5ces4 ,he s5ses ! mean+ ( ! e>?  & 

h] productions2 ( man1 ! f9al & !       
consummate fl[]1 &  ?r\gh\t 8 "w he     
expresses ! int]relat+ unity ( man )    
nature4 ,he %[s u ,man evolv+ out ( !   
bea/ 9 a /ruggle )  ano!r c5taur2 he    
portrays ! recumb5t ,"m cr\*$ aga9/ a   
c5taur :o holds ! *ild 9 8 arms--! *ild 
:o is already "o  /ep beyond1 a         
conception closely p>allel to t (       
,nietzs*e4 ,9 yet  ano!r picture he %[s 
u ,man driv+ or be+ driv5 by a horse1   
div9ely fr5zi$4    ,8 c5taurs & horses h
 a *>m beyond _! natures s t  !y are    
nev] :olly animal 9 "*4 ,!y h a grace   
:i* is  rem9isc5t ( ! ,*9ese /atuettes (
 horses1 ) _! squ>e  no/rils & delicate 
ho(s1 ho(s t paw ! air r ?an !  gr\nd & 
/amp ^u ! m9d ! f9e/ qualities ( a      
horse1 its  fleetness1 swiftness &      
/r5g?4 ,s t 9 reg>d+ ^! c5taurs  we s5se
 ! bea/ t is yet man & aga9 t man :i* is
 &  mu/ be animal2 we become consci\s ( 
t evolution upw>ds :i* is  9 itself a   
miracle1 al?\gh !re is a b>ri] :i* w =  
ev]  prev5t man f clut*+ ! />s4    ,!   

picture ( ! fly+ figure sugge/s ! sweep+
 onru% ( !  w+$ victory1 man's supreme  
aspiration2 x is symbol ( ! div9e  =ce  
:i* impels man = ev] onw>d to high]     
levels ( evolution4  ,! /udy ( ! human  
body 9 flight has be5 a s\rce (         
inspiration  to almo/ e arti/2 9 !      
,palazzo ,ducale at ,v5ice = in/ance1   
,t9toretto has introduc$ a multitude (  
fly+ figures into 8 great  ceil+ pa9t+ (
 8,v5ice z ! ,que5 ( ! ,adriatic40 ,b 9 
all ^! /udies !re are c]ta9 di/ortions (
 ! human body4  ,^! =ms are ei!r too    
aspirant or too convulsive s t "o is    
unpleasantly rem9d$ ( ! muscul>         
s5sations ( cramp$ arms &  b5umb$ legs4 
,9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel h[ev]1 ! great       
patri>*al pa9t+s (  ! ,jehovah creat+ ! 
_w1 divid+ ! wat]s ( ! e>? or  sweep+   
?r\gh space to t\* ! f+] ( ! recumb5t   
,adam1 are  all s balanc$ & s b5ignly   
reposeful t !y convey n only a  s5se (  
flight ?r\gh space b ! impression ( ! v 
weight (  space :i* is able to su/a9 ^! 
mov+ bodies4    ,gibran's /udies (      

movem5t are ak9 to ^? ( ,mi*elangelo    
because  he has arriv$ at a unity (     
?\ght & repres5tation4 ,n only is he  ! 
ma/] ( ! symbolic idea :i* he expresses 
b he has atta9$  ! te*nical grasp ^u 8  
mat]ial4 ,h5ce we are n disconc]t$ by   
false conceptions ( ! human body or     
errone\s p]spectives4    ,8 pa9t+s are  
mo/ly wa% draw+s & only "h & !re does 8 
p5cil co-op]ate ) 8 bru% to sugge/ &    
complete ! !me4 ,!  level ( 8 pa9t+ is v
 delicate--plane sugge/+ ano!r plane  9 
! mo/ subtle gradation s t at fir/ !re  
seems to be b  little col\r & !n comes a
 swift realization t x is all           
col\r--only imp]ceptibly diffus$4 ,9 "o 
or two ( ! /udies  l ! sombre picture ( 
! man ) ! cap1 m vivid r$s &  blues are 
introduc$ & a c]ta9 gre5i% blue1 :olly (
 ! ,ea/1  reappe>s con/antly 9 8 /udies 
( def9ite types4 ,b 9 8 m  pr(\nd       
int]pretative "w1 ! gradation ( col\r is
 delicate 9  ! extreme4 ,he uses col\r  
to reveal 8 =m unlike _m pa9t]s  :o lose
 _! s5se ( =m 9 ! pursuit ( col\r2 t is 

ano!r  reason :y 8 pa9t+s are s         
sugge/ive ( ! art ( ! sculptor4    ,?is 
impression is convey$ mo/ p[]fully 9 !  
/udy ( a woman's  head1 ! frontispiece  
to ?is volume1 a pa9t+ :i* is ! mo/     
complete exposition ( ! art ( ,gibran4  
,! head is ?r[n back &  seems to re/ ^u 
a :ite backgr\nd t is yet n exactly     
:ite2  x is ! col\r ( ! sea at an       
inf9ite di/ance :5 col\r is no  long]   
col\r b m]ely light4 ,! head1 ly+ ^u ?is
 lum9\s  gr\nd is s delicately del9eat$ 
t ! ?roat ve9s almo/  quiv] & ! pale    
lips are ab\t to move4 ,& z we look ^u !
  f9e pr(ile1 ! s5sitive1 highly ar*$   
nose & ! t5d]1  compassionate m\?1 x    
seems z if ?is woman's head _h aris5 out
 (  ^? deep] wat]s :i* we call ! sea (  
memory1 z if inde$        8,our s\ls h  
sight ( t immortal sea f :5ce we came40 
,!re is little draw+ z we are accu/om$  
to ?9k ( draw+1 b  ! pa9t+ is modell$ 9 
col\r & is ak9 to ! int]pretation (  a  
sculptor :o usually seeks ! great]      
fre$om :i* l>g] mat]ial  begets4 ,t     

some?+ fl[+ :i* alone makes ! e>? o!r   
?an a  piece ( /one is reveal$ 9 almo/  
all 8 "w4 ,x is ! v s\l  ( sculpture &  
he is b express+ x 9 k9dr$ =m4          
,gibran is an int]pret] ( 8! heav5s     
above & ! e>? bel[40  ,he recalls l a   
fleet+ memory1 ! mean+ ( ! great cl\ds  
:i* swept l a flock ( /orm gulls be=e ! 
bewild]$ eyes (  primitive man1 b he has
 likewise s\nd$ ! pit ( agony into :i*  
! s\l desc5ds dur+ ! crucifixion ( its  
developm5t4 ,= ,gibran  is n alone      
int]e/$ 9 ! /ory ( man1 he is int]e/$ 9 
!  hi/ory ( life2 he is n conc]n$ m]ely 
) its portrayal1 he  %>es its /ruggle4  
,he is impell$ by t =ce :i* lies beyond 
all  ?+s animate & inanimate--t =ce :i* 
produces1 de/roys &  recreates ) ! same 
int5sity1 ! same purpose & always to 8  
eyes1 ) ! same succession ( beauty4     
,!re9 lies ! reason :y 8 "w is ( today )
 its unre/ &  gr\p+ 9 spite ( its       
intuitive simplicity 9 ! use ( symbolic 
mat]ial ( ! pa/4 ,x is ( today because  
we are seek+ to infuse  a new mean+ into

 life :]eby we c accept ! bitt] 9 ord]  
to  ga9 ! sweet2 we are endeav\r+ to    
come to t]ms ) ! anci5t  symbols &      
al?\gh ! concepts :i* ,gibran portrays  
are z old z  ,cronos1 !y are also z     
mod]n z ! int]pretative _s ( our  age4  
,8 art arises out ( ! pa/ b its appeal  
is to ! ?9k+  m9ds ( today & x =e%ad[s a
 tr5d 9 ! creative "w ( !  future4    ,!
 trypti* ( ! crucifixion 9 ?is s]ies (  
draw+s %[s at  once h[ ! symbol ( !     
,*ri/ betwe5 ! two ?ieves c be us$  ei!r
 to express ! complete religi\s &       
my?ological conception1  z x w\ld h be5 
us$ by ! ,primitives 9 "s l>ge fresco1  
& h[ ! same idea c be convey$ on a small
 %eet ( pap] by  "o :o und]/&s ! inn]   
mean+ & is able to put x =? z  a        
repres5tation ( ! conflict ( e          
self-consci\s be+4 ,9  ?is draw+ a man  
re/s ^u ! %\ld]s ( two companions4 ,!re 
are no religi\s accessories ei!r ( halo 
or /igmata ) :i*  to associate or       
localize ! conception & yet ! /ory ( !  
crucifixion is completely portray$4     

,x is 9 ?is absolute simplicity ( idea &
 intuitive revelation  c\pl$ ) an       
in/9ctive grasp ( ! beauty ( =m1 t      
,gibran  atta9s ! consummation ( 8 p[]s 
& comm&s a respect  m]itori\s ( !       
classic4 ,= amid/ ! deluge :i* has      
ov]:elm$  our _w ( art1 :5 ,cubi/s      
collide ) ,vortici/s & bo? are  subm]g$ 
by ! onru%+ ( ! ,orphici/s--:5 s*ool &  
type  arise & z swiftly decl9e 9 ! que/ 
( ! new & ! age  is seek+ a picture (   
its s\l 9 b>b>ic imitation ( g5u9e      
b>b>ism1 x is ( ine/imable value to come
 ^u an arti/ :o is  fulfill+ himself 9 8
 "w ap>t f any claptrap ( mod]n         
devices4 ,gibran has n gone to /range   
l&s to /udy ! new b  he has walk$ !     
sil5t pa? ( ! m$itative creator & he has
  br\ght out ( 8 own dep?s ^! et]nal    
v]ities ( ! hi/ory  ( man's inn] life4  
,he has recreat$ ! symbolic inc>nation (
 !  ,all-,"m--he has div9$ ! fly+ wi% ( 
humanity & he has laid  b>e & retold !  
/ory ( ! ,passion4    ,9 ! poetic       
revelation ( ^! psy*ologic conceptions (

 humanity  he exhibits a _w ( consummate
 beauty to ! y\ng] arti/s (  ,am]ica ^: 
life he has *os5 to %>e4 ,he is express+
 ! va/1  ! inf9ite =ms ( ! ev] fluid pa/
 & is %[+ u h[ ^!  imp]i%able memories c
 /imulate ! art ( ! future4    ,only 9 !
 acceptance ( ?is inf9itely v>i$ racial 
hi/ory  z a liv+ "p ( ! pres5t1 w       
,am]ica prep>e h]self =  ! ev5tual      
r5aissance ( ! arts & z a =]unn] ( ?is  
r5aissance1 ,gibran w occupy a simil>   
position to t ( ,giotto  & ,ghirl&aio 9 
relation to ! ,italian ,gold5 ,age4 ,!  
pa9t]s  ( ! ,r5aissance %[$ ! _w t !    
human be+ c\ld  be portray$ z if he 7   
div9e4 ,b to ^? :o prec$$ !  ,r5aissance
 ! 8z if0 did n exi/4 ,to !m--z to      
,gibran1 human  life is div9e4 ,! body  
reflects & repres5ts ! _s1 & art  arises
 out ( ! int]play betwe5 ! inn] & ! out]
 _w4    ,x is a fact t 9 pa9t+ z well z 
9 poetry1 we are /&+  today on ! tiptoes
 ( expectation1 await+ ! fusion ( a     
clos]  union betwe5 ! old _w & ! new4   
,we are no long] b\nd$ by  ,new ,engl&  

conceptions ( ! poetical on ! "o side & 
by !  v>i\s quasi-tragic repres5tations 
( ! ,la/ ( ! ,mohicans z a  basic       
expression ( ,am]ican art on ! o!r4 ,9 !
 anticipation (  ! ev5tual r5aissance ( 
! _w1 we 9 ,am]ica c l5d ourselves  to  
/udy ^? :o are its precursors4    ,=    
,gibran belongs to t gr\p ( arti/s ^:   
message always  h]alds a p]iod (        
transition & ^: voice *all5ges ! pres5t 
to a recapitulation ( its /&>ds4    ,!re
 is a tradition s old t its orig9 is lo/
 9 ! mi/s (  antiquity :]e x is acclaim$
 z ! symbol ( our common ance/or  ,adam4
 ,its sign signifies 8,dum voluit       
spiritus ,mundi40 ,out ( !  illimitable 
pa/--illum9at+ ! ,ea/1 t\*+ 9 turn      
,greece1  ,italy1 ,fl&]s1 ,g]many1      
,france & ,spa91--s pass$ ! great       
creative _s 9 ! _w ( art2 :at if ?is    
same illum9ative  _s %\ld be 9 turn     
approa*+ our %ores1 provid$ t we  are   
receptive en\gh to und]/& & to          
assimilate its fundam5tal  message4     
,,! ,,great] ,,self    ,illu/ration     

,,! ,,bl9d    ,illu/ration      ,,!     
,,m\nta9    ,illu/ration      ,,flight  
,illu/ration      ,,c5taur ,,& ,,*ild   
,illu/ration      ,,uplift$             
,illu/ration      ,,! ,,rock            
,illu/ration      ,,! ,,wat]fall        
,illu/ration      ,,! ,,burd5           
,illu/ration      ,,! ,,great ,,long+   
,illu/ration      ,,veil$ ,,face        
,illu/ration      ,,crucifi$            
,illu/ration      ,,compassion          
,illu/ration      ,,! ,,triangle        
,illu/ration      ,,! ,,/ruggle         
,illu/ration      ,,! ,,great ,,alon5ess
    ,illu/ration      ,,woman ,,)       
,,g>m5t    ,illu/ration      ,,"m ,,&   
,,*ild    ,illu/ration      ,,!         
,,inn]mo/    ,illu/ration