,,ski-,,runn+4 ,,by ,d4 ,m4 ,m4 ,,*ri*ton ,,som]ville1 ,w4 ,r4 ,,rickm]s1 ,,& ,e4 ,c4 ,,ri*>dson4 ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,! ,,ski ,,club ,,( ,,great ,,brita94 ,,edit$ ,,by ,e4 ,c4 ,,ri*>dson4 ,,) ,,num]\s ,,photographs ,,& ,,diagrams4 ,,second ,,edition4 ,,london3 ,,horace ,,cox1 ,,w9dsor ,,h\se1 ,,bream',s ,,build+s1 ,e4,c4 #aije4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,horace ,,cox1 ,,w9dsor ,,h\se1 ,,bream',s ,,build+s1 ,e4,c4 ,illu/ration3 8,,paa ,,sk>e40 ,,preface4 ,s9ce ! fir/ edition ( ?is book 0 produc$ two ye>s ago popul> int]e/ 9 ! sport has increas$ by leaps & b\nds4 ,we h endeav\r$ to keep pace ) ! times1 & ! pres5t volume is an attempt to give a really complete acc\nt ( ! sport1 :i* w be useful to beg9n]s & exp]ts alike4 ,to ! hi/orical "p has be5 add$ a *apt] on ,cont95tal ski-runn+1 :il/ ! te*nical "p has be5 remodell$1 enl>g$1 &1 we tru/1 r5d]$ m lucid & complete4 ,:]ev] necess>y new diagrams h be5 add$1 & ! :ole-page illu/rations h be5 *os5 ) a view to indicat+ ! great beauty & v>iety ( ! sn[ regions ( ! e>?4 ,"h & !re actual alt]ations ( views previ\sly express$ w be f\nd4 ,we make no apology = ^!1 b desire frankly to ackn[l$ge our errors1 & to ?ank ^? fri5dly critics :o h po9t$ !m out4 ,) ignorant criticism we h be5 v little tr\bl$1 & ) actual ho/ility simply n at all4 ,we are fur!r greatly indebt$ to ! _m fri5ds :o h r5d]$ u positive assi/ance4 ,! frontispiece is f ,h]r ,hal/rm's wond]ful picture 8,paa ,sk>e10 :i* t g5tleman has giv5 u unqualifi$ leave to reproduce4 ,! ski-runn] :i* x depicts also s]ves z a c5tral figure = ! cov]1 design$ by ,mr4 ,nico ,jungman4 ,to ^? :o h k9dly p]mitt$ u to copy _! photographs we h]eby take ! opportunity ( express+ our be/ ?anks4 ,! outl9e ( ! ,solb]g ,hill is f an accurate draw+ by ,h]r ,von de ,beauclair publi%$ 9 ,ski1 to ! editor ( :i* pap] we are also indebt$ = ! draw+s illu/rat+ ,h]r ,sohm's deta*able seal's-sk9 & climb+-irons4 ,to ,h]r ,s4 ,hy]-,ellefs51 ,h]r ,fr$rik ,juell1 ,h]r ,trygve ,smi?1 ,h]r ,durban ,hans51 & num]\s o!r skilful ,norwegian runn]s we are grateful = _m a useful h9t & ^w ( advice1 :il/ we owe to ,h]r ,zd>sky a valuable practical demon/ration ( 8 me?ods ( tea*+4 ,messrs4 ,c4 ,w4 ,ri*>dson1 ,e4 ,h4 ,wr\ghton1 & ,h4 ,p4 ,cox h be5 k9d en\gh to help ) ! actual production ( ! little "w1 & if !re be any o!rs :o we h omitt$ to m5tion we w\ld h]eby beg !m to accept at once bo? our apologies & ?anks4 ,e4 ,c4 ,r4 ,novemb]1 #aije4 ,,cont5ts4 ,pages4 ,,preface iii-iv ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,ski #a-ac ,,cont95tal ,,ski-,,runn+ #ac-ag ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,ski-,,runn+ #ah-he ,introduction #ah-bj ,"p ,i4--,! ,gr\nd & ! ,sn[ #bj-bg ,"p ,,ii4--,outfit #bh-eb ,! ,ski #bh-ce ,! ,b9d+ #ce-dc ,footplates #dd ,! ,/ick #dd-dg ,footge> #dg-di ,o!r ,clo!s #di-ej ,accessories #ej-ea ,"p ,,iii4--,te*nical #eb-he ,prelim9>y advice #eb-ec ,lean =w>d6 #ec ,to lift ! po9t ( ! ski #ec-ee ,turn+ on ! spot #ee ,walk+ ) ski on ! level #ee ,up-hill #ef-fa ,glid+ d[n #fa-fe ,fall+ & gett+ up #fe ,slight *anges ( direction #fe 8,skat+0 #ff ,brak+ ) ! /ick #ff-fh ,sn[-pl\gh+ #fh-fi ,side /epp+ #fi ,/emm+ #fi-gb ,to make a d[n-hill curve #gb-gg ,! 8,telem>k0 ,sw+ #gh-hb ,! 8,*ri/iania0 ,sw+ #hb-he ,,jump+ #hf-ih ,h[ to select & prep>e ! hill #ij-ib ,h[ to jump #ib-ih ,,ski ,,m\nta9e]+ #ii-ajd ,,odds ,,& ,,ends #aje-aaf ,antidotes to ,/ick+1 c4 #aje-aaa ,common ,faults & ,fail+s #aaa-aac ,ski-runn+ ,etiquette #aac-aad ,"s ,useful ,figures #aae-aaf ,,! ,,ye>-,,book ,,( ,,! ,,ski ,,club ,,( ,,great ,,brita9 ,,conta9s ,articles by ,practical ,m5 ab\t ,ski-runn+ ,c5tres 9 ,,great ,,brita91 ,,norway1 ,,g]many1 ,,switz]l&1 ,,au/ria1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,z well z a great deal ( o!r int]e/+ & useful in=mation ab\t ! ,sport4 ,! book is edit$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,,wr\ghton1 & is publi%$ = ! ,club by ,horace ,cox1 ,bream's ,build+s1 ,london1 ,e4,c4 ,,price ,,"o ,,%ill+4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,ski4 ,by ,d4 ,m4 ,m4 ,,cri*ton ,,som]ville4 ,!re are _m p to :om ! ^w 8ski0 mu/ be an enigma1 & ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! pa/ime 8ski-+0 z a seal$ book4 ,! object ( ! pres5t treatise is1 !re=e1 to solve ! puzzle1 op5 ! pages ( ! clos$ volume1 & ?us ?r[ light on a sport :i*1 :5 once le>nt1 w be f\nd m attractive1 heal?y1 & invigorat+ ?an any o!r w9t] ex]cise1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t x be n c>ri$ on 7z (t5 is ! case7 to excess1 b is indulg$ 9 only by ^? :o are s\nd ( w9d & limb4 ,= ! sake ( ! un9itiat$1 x may be expla9$ t ski 7pron\nc$ %e7 is a ^w ( =eign orig91 :i*1 up to comp>atively rec5t ye>s1 has be5 translat$ 8sn[%oe10 a t]m :i* conveys a wrong idea ( ! appliances 9 "q1 ev5 suppos+ x might be m fitly giv5 to ! =]unn]s ( ! ski1 viz41 patt5s =m$ ( )es or wood1 :i* are us$ 9 _m p>ts at ! pres5t day1 & ( :i* ! ,indian or ,canadian sn[%oe is a modifi$ type1 & be/ kn[n to ,briti% sportsm54#a ,! ski1 h[ev]1 are ( diff]5t con/ruction1 be+ =m$ ( n>r[ bo>ds1 #g;ft4 & m 9 l5g?1 upturn$ at ! toe to all[ ( _! be+ %ov$ or slid ov] ! sn[1 :5 atta*$ to ! feet ( ! we>]4 ,) ! exception ( sn[ skates 7iron %od runn]s "s #b;ft4 9 l5g?1 = use on roadways & h>d surfaces7 !y are ! only k9d ( foot ge> us$ = ! purpose ( glid+ on sn[1 & possess _m advantages ov] o!r sn[%oes1 n ! lea/ be+ _! capability ( be+ us$ = pleasure1 z well z ! necess>y outdoor pursuits ( daily life4 ,until comp>atively late ye>s ! employm5t ( ski z contrivances = travell+ on ! sn[ 0 unkn[n to ! majority ( ^? inhabit+ ! m populat$ p>ts ( ! civilis$ globe1 :]e communication c ne>ly always be kept op5 by rail1 /eamboat1 or o!r means2 not)/&+ t !y are1 & h be5 us$ f "t immemorial dur+ _m mon?s ( ! ye> by a l>ge portion ( ! population ( ,nor!rn & ,c5tral ,asia1 ,russia1 ,sc&9avia1 & ev5 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,ea/]n ,europe1 :]e ! w9t]s are sev]e4 ,casual allusions to !m 9 ! writ+s ( "s few sport+ au?ors did n suffice to br+ ! ski into o!r ?an m]e pass+ notice2 & !y w\ld probably h rema9$ 9 obscurity b = ! some:at rec5t discov]y t !y c\ld be employ$ = o!r purposes ?an ^? ( m]e locomotion1 or keep+ op5 communication 9 l&s & di/ricts :]e sn[s are deep1 & highways lie buri$ or are unkn[n4 ,x may be ( int]e/ to m5tion "h t1 9 remote p>ts ( ,engl&1 ski appe> to h be5 employ$ s late ev5 z ! middle ( ! pa/ c5tury1 _! use be+ discont9u$ z communication ) ! out] _w became easi]4 ,?us1 ap>t f in=mation d]iv$ f o!r s\rces respect+ f9ds ( ski1 or _! rema9s 9 v>i\s p>ts1 "o g5tleman1 writ+ f ,cumb]l& 9 ,febru>y1 #aijd1 /ates t1 9 ! dales ( ,york%ire & ,durham1 ! sport is by no means new1 & t =ty ye>s ago he w5t to 8 s*ool on 8skees10 :i* 7 made ( bee* wood1 "s #e;ft4 9 l5g?1 ) 8nibs0 ab\t #c;941 & t x 0 no uncommon practice 9 ^? days = ! ,we>dale m9]s to g to & f _! "w on su* sn[%oes1 x be+ a f9e ?+ to see ?irty or =ty m5 glid+ d[n ! /eep slopes f ! m9es at a spe$ equal to t ( a railway tra94 ,! writ] also adds t1 among/ ! y\?s1 skee-jump+ 0 a fav\rite pa/ime1 & t he believes ! practice 0 a v old "o f ! fact t he knew boys ( 8 own age :o _h come into possession ( 8skees0 once own$ by _! gr&-fa!rs4#b ,to judge f ! description giv5 by ! au?or ( 8,lorna ,doone10 a =m ( ski 01 probably1 kn[n 9 ,devon%ire "s #cjj ye>s ago1 :]e also sl$ges 7 employ$ ?r\gh\t ! entire ye> in/ead ( :eel$ vehicles = c>t+ 9 f>m products4 ,9 ! /ory he relates h[ :51 dur+ ! great fro/ ( #afbe1 ,john ,ridd 0 told t1 9 ! ,arctic regions1 any man might get along ) a 8boat0 on ei!r foot to prev5t 8 s9k+ 9 ! sn[--su* 8boats0 be+ made v /rong & light1 ( ribs ) sk9 across !m1 #e;ft4 long by #a;ft4 wide1 & turn$ up at ea* end1 ev5 z a canoe is--he built himself a pair ( /rong & light sn[%oes1 fram$ ( a%1 & ribb$ ( )y ) half-tann$ calf sk9 /ret*$ across1 & an inn] sole to support 8 feet4 8,at fir/10 he says1 8,i c\ld n walk at all1 b fl\nd]$ ab\t mo/ pite\sly1 cat*+ "o %oe 9 ! o!r1 & bo? ( !m 9 ! sn[drifts 7j z a beg9n] w\ld n[71 to ! great amusem5t ( ! maid5s :o 7 come to look at me40 ,f ! above description su* ski w\ld h resembl$ ^? ( ! ,*uk*is 9 ,nor?-,ea/ ,asia4 ,x is due1 h[ev]1 to ! y\? ( ,norway t ski-+ has ( late ye>s be5 r$uc$ to a pleasure & an art2 :ile ! notice x has receiv$ abroad is ow+ ma9ly to ! prom95ce giv5 to x by acc\nts furni%$ to1 & publi%$ 91 ,engli% sport+ & illu/rat$ j\rnals1 & to allusions to x 9 ! writ+s ( v>i\s arctic explor]s :o h lately tak5 ski ) !m on _! j\rneys z "p ( _! travell+ outfit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,an e>ly =m ( ,sn[%oe4 ,f a ,sket* by ,laur5tius ,urdahl4 ,9 turn+ to ! hi/ory ( ! ski1 x w be f\nd t _! orig9 is z mu* lo/ 9 oblivion z t ( ! :eel2 b x is n too mu* to assume t human be+s :o h be5 creat$ to adapt !mselves to _! surr\nd+s at all times1 h1 9 l&s f> sep>at$ & entirely ap>t1 inv5t$ some:at simil> appliances ) :i* !y c\ld float1 z x 71 & proce$ ov] dep?s ( sn[ t w\ld o!rwise bury !m1 or cross tracts ( trea*]\s ice :i* w\ld give way "u ! tread ( a human foot4 ,9 ?is connection "o ne$ n ref] solely to inhabitants ( w9try c\ntries1 = x w be f\nd t ! natives ( o!r regions1 :o h to trav]se yield+ surfaces1 su* z ! great mud flats ( ,hamp%ire & else:]e1 we> patt5s on _! feet1 & are ?us able to w&] 9 safety ov] a sub/ance too s(t to be> !m o!rwise4 ,su* patt5s are almo/ id5tical ) ^? employ$ else:]e = travell+ ov] sn[1 & consi/ ( slabs ( wood1 "s #af;94 to #ah;94 long1 by #ab;94 or s 9 wid?1 :i* are atta*$ to ! feet by toe /raps & ?ongs4 ,9 ^! patt5s1 no matt] :e!r !y be made ( )es or solid wood1 we und\bt$ly f9d ! e>lie/ =m ( sn[%oes or ski1 a =m :i*1 h[ev]1 exi/s to ! pres5t day1 & is met ) 9 ! nor?-ea/]n & nor!rn portions ( ,asia1 ,?ibet1 ! ,caucasus1 ,arm5ia1 ,sc&9avia1 ,g]many1 ,switz]l&1 &1 9 a modifi$ =m1 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ! pr9ciple ( con/ruction !re be+ id5tical1 viz41 a r+ or framework ( wood support+ a net "w ( )es or s9ews4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 v>i\s modifications ( ! orig9al r\nd patt]n2 "s ( ! %oes1 possibly to prev5t /raddl+1 are m or less elongat$1 ! l5g? be+ increas$ z ! bread? is dim9i%$1 :ile "s1 ?us %ap$1 h occasionally lea!r /ret*$ betwe5 ! frames to all[ ( _! we>] glid+1 in/ead ( walk+1 ov] ! sn[1 & ?us become v]itable ski2 = :ile ! orig9al object ( ! sn[%oe or patt5 & ! ski are id5tical1 viz41 to support a weight on yield+ surfaces1 ! patt5 rema9s a %oe = walk+ purposes1 :ile ! ski becomes a blade on :i* to slide4 ,f ?is explanation ! diff]5ce betwe5 patt5 or sn[%oe & ski is possibly made cle> = ! fir/ "t4 ,:ile1 z previ\sly m5tion$1 x is impossible to trace ! orig9 ( ! ski1 m5tion ( sn[%oes is made hundr$s ( ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,x5ophon ref]s to _! be+ worn 7z 9 ,sc&9avia to ! pres5t day7 by ! horses ( ! ,arm5ians to prev5t _! s9k+ 9 ! deep sn[4 ,hi/orical m5tion1 f a p]iod be=e ,*ri/1 is also made ( ! m\nta9e]s ( ! ,caucasus atta*+ discs ( lea!r 7probably lea!r-cov]$ wood71 /udd$ ) nails1 to _! feet to enable !m to move ov] ! sn[s ( ! fells4 ,! anci5t acc\nts1 h[ev]1 all ref] to ! patt51 b ,norwegian traditions dat+ back "s #a1fjj ye>s make m5tion ( ! ski4 ,! ,greek hi/orian1 ,prokopius1 z well z o!r writ]s1 includ+ ,k+ ,alfr$ ( ,engl&1 f #eej ,a4,d4 to #ajgj ,a4,d41 drew att5tion to ! ,lapps1 :o 7 call$ 8,skrid ,f9n]10#c "o say+ !y 7 ! be/ ( all m5 at ski-+1 & ! fact ( x be+ ! ,lapps :o wore ! ski1 or :o 7 ! great expon5ts ( ski-+ 9 ^? e>ly times1 w\ld t5d to confirm ! !ory ( ! ski !mselves orig9at+ 9 ,c5tral ,asia--^? p>ts ( ! old _w f :i* ! ,ugrians or ,f9ns1 ,samoy$s1 & o!r tribes ( ,mongols migrat$ nor?w>d & we/w>d1 till /opp$ by ! wat]s ( ! ,atlantic on ! %ores ( ! ,sc&9avian p59sula4 ,!re c be little d\bt1 h[ev]1 t patt5s 7 us$ = hundr$s1 if n ?\s&s1 ( ye>s be=e ! ?\ght ( slid+ ov] ! sn[1 :i* l$ to ! introduction ( ski1 ent]$ ! head ( "s inv5tive g5ius4 ,! orig9al ski 7 probably con/ruct$ by ! ,*uk*is1 or simil> tribes1 ne> ! ,behr+ ,/raits1 or ,sea ( ,okhotsk4 ,!y 7 =m$1 z already intimat$1 ( elongat$ frames cov]$ ) lea!r1 & 7 modifi$1 subsequ5tly1 z migration increas$1 =e/s 7 met )1 & wood 0 f\nd to be a bett] & m durable mat]ial = ! purpose requir$4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ski 7 ext5sively us$ 9 old5 times by ! ,sc&9avians z well z o!rs4 ,!y also f\nd _! way f ,norway to ,icel& & ,gre5l&4 ,( ski !re are _m types4 ,! skridsko 7slid+ %oes71 or ski ( ! ,lapps1 appe>1 if "o is to judge f old illu/rations f ! sixte5? c5tury 7,figs4 #b & #c71 to h be5 v]itable %oes1 ! feet be+ plac$ 9 a hole made = ! purpose at ! heel ( ! ski4 ,!y are ?us depict$ z elongat$ 7"s #c;ft4 long7 sabots4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no reason = assum+ ^! sabot skis to h be5 ! orig9al =m1 = !y 71 at be/1 b a hybrid type ( +5i\s con/ruction1 possibly only us$ by ! inhabitants ( c]ta9 di/ricts4 ,! true ,lapps' ski1 on ! o!r h&1 7 comp>atively %ort & broad1 atta*$ to ! feet by toe /raps & ?ongs1 & cov]$ ) ! sk9s ( re9de] calves = ! purpose ( lett+ !m glide easily )\t accumulat+ sn[ on ! soles1 ( keep+ ! wood f splitt+ or fray+1 & because1 :5 ?us cov]$1 x 0 easi] to asc5d ! slopes ( ! hills1 ! hairs :i* lay =e & aft1 *eck+ ! t5d5cy to slide backw>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,skrid-,f9n] hunt+ 7,olaus ,magnus1 ca4 #aeej74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,skrid-,f9n] 7,olaus ,magnus1 ca4 #aeej74 ,su* sk9-clad ski 71 & are /ill1 employ$ by ! ,lapps1 z well z by o!rs 9 ,sc&9avia1 ,f9l&1 & ?r\gh\t ,sib]ia2 b sev]al o!r types h1 nev]!less1 be5 us$ 9 ,lapl& = c5turies4 ,9 ,sc&9avia & ! ,nor?1 ^! sk9-cov]$ appliances g by ! "n ( 8a&re10 8ondurr10 8&or10 to di/+ui% !m f ! pla9 ski4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! advantages ( ! sk9 are n n[ g5]ally consid]$ suffici5t to c\nt]balance ! disadvantages1 !y are gradually disappe>+4 ,!re c be little d\bt b t ! greate/ developm5t ( ! ski has tak5 place 9 ,europe1 notably 9 ,sc&9avia1 :]e !y h be5 modifi$ to suit ! diff]5t requirem5ts ( ! di/ricts 9 :i* !y are employ$4 ,?us h ! v>i$ types hi!rto be5 _m1 b may be divid$ g5]ally into two gr\ps1 viz41 ! %ort & broad1 or loose sn[ ski1 & ! long & n>r[1 or compact sn[ v>iety 78sk>e ski071 ?is latt] patt]n be+ repres5t$ by ! ,oe/]dal & ,sw$i% ski 7orig9ally "o v long & "o %ort ski1 b n[ g5]ally ( equal l5g?74 ,^! are ! mo/ suitable = op5 c\ntry1 :e!r 9 ! l[l&s or m\nta9s1 & on level or undulat+ l& are sup]ior1 s f> z spe$ is conc]n$1 to all o!rs2 b 9 brok5 c\ntry1 or on m\nta9s :]e ob/acles su* z trees1 rocks1 c41 are to be met )1 ! %ort] or 8loose sn[0 patt]ns1 ow+ to _! h&9ess1 are inv>iably employ$4 ,almo/ e prov9ce1 x may be said almo/ e di/rict1 ?r\gh\t ,sc&9avia possess$ its own type ( ski4 ,9 ,russia !y h possibly be5 ( a m homog5e\s "* ?an else:]e1 ow+ to ! sn[-clad portions ( t empire consi/+ ( va/ pla9s :i* call = no v>iety ( =m4 ,( comp>atively late ye>s1 h[ev]1 !re has be5 a t5d5cy 9 ,norway to adopt "o sort = univ]sal use1 & a sub 7light]7 v>iety = leap+ purposes4 ,x is a modifi$ ,telem>k5 7loose sn[7 type1 em95tly suit$ to e purpose1 & is gradually sup]s$+ all o!r =ms ?r\gh\t ,sc&9avia4 ,( accessories to ! ski1 ! /aff has inv>iably be5 recognis$ z a necessity 7except 9 leap+ competitions1 :5 x becomes a s\rce ( ! greate/ dang]7 & %\ld always =m "p ( ! outfit on all long excursions or j\rneys4 ,x assi/s ! ski] bo? 9 aid+ him :5 asc5d+1 & z a brake :5 desc5d+ difficult slopes1 or z a means ( def5ce if attack$ by animals4 ,! ,lapps use x1 too1 z an (f5sive weapon :5 attack+ wolves1 :i* !y occasionally run d[n on _! ski1 & kill by a well-direct$ bl[ on ! sn\t1 or across t mo/ vuln]able spot1 ! lo9s ( ! bea/4 ,! mo/ effectual use ( ! /aff c only be le>nt by exp]i5ce or tea*+4 ,! fa/5+s may be reg>d$ z o!r important accessories1 & b a few ye>s ago1 & 9 _m p>ts ev5 /ill consi/ solely ( toe /raps =m$ ( )es or lea!r4 ,^! simple contrivances suit$ all ! requirem5ts ( ! exp]t peasants1 & x is only ( late ye>s1 :5 leap+ 0 introduc$1 & ! ski put to o!r & h>d] purposes ?an orig9ally int5d$1 t /rong] & m secure b9d+s became necess>y4 ,( ^!1 !re are _m sorts1 all good1 b none p]fect z yet4 ,9 "s in/ances ! latt] may be a s\rce ( great dang] ow+ to its be+ impossible1 :5 p]il faces "o1 or accid5ts occur1 to remove ! ski f ! feet1 & notably s :5 a man breaks ?r\gh trea*]\s sn[-cov]$ ice1 ow+ to ! ski prev5t+ him f rega9+ ! surface4 ,b :ile sev]al fatal accid5ts h occurr$ 9 ?is mann]1 x is possible t o!rs h be5 avoid$ by ! great] comm& ( ! ski af=d$ to mo/ p by secure fa/5+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,holm5koll54 ,photo by ,rude1 ,*ri/iania4 ,hav+ n[ giv5 an outl9e ( ! hi/ory & orig9 ( ! ski1 x may be well to ref] to ! movem5t by :i* ski-+ has be5 br\ght into ! prom95t notice ( sportsm5 & admir]s ( w9t] pa/imes4 ,9 ! ext5sive & m\nta9\s di/rict ( ,telem>k51 ,norway1 "o 9 :i* ski 7 employ$ possibly m ext5sively ?an 9 any o!r1 ow+ to its remot5ess1 & ! wret*$ /ate ( ! few highways & byways to be f\nd !re1 ! peasants discov]$ t ! ski might be us$ = pleasure z well z ord9>y pursuits1 & arrang$ meet+s at :i* races 7 run1 & ! leap+ p[]s ( competitors te/$ on ! slopes ( select$ hills4 ,by degrees news ( ^! trials ( skill f\nd its way to ! t[ns & ! populat$ di/ricts 9 _! neighb\rhood1 & "s few citiz5s hav+ f\nd ski-+ to be a good1 & to !m attractive1 ex]cise1 det]m9$ to hold simil> meet+s at ,*ri/iania ea* w9t]4 ,! acc\nts giv5 ( ^? meet+s are v ludicr\s1 ! hill be+ nei!r /eep nor long1 ! competitors rid+ a/ride _! poles d[n ! track1 & only jump+1 if jump+ x c\ld be call$1 a few y>ds4 ,! exhibitions did n 8cat* on10 & 7 discont9u$ = _m ye>s4 ,! t[nsfolk knew too little ab\t ! sport to appreciate x1 & ! absurd1 if n pa9ful1 appe>ance ( ! competitors 0 n enc\rag+ to aspirants4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5ties1 h[ev]1 ow+ *iefly to ! ex]tions ( ! ,*ri/iania ,ski ,club--a select in/itution ) b few memb]s--"s ,telem>k5 peasants#d 7 induc$ to visit ! capital1 & 9 ! e>ly "p ( #ahgi a ski meet+ 0 held on ! slopes ( ! hill at ,huseby1 ne> ,*ri/iania1 :i* 0 att5d$ by a c\ple ( ! c\ntrym51 :o took "p1 toge!r ) o!r competitors1 9 ! races & leap+ t _h be5 arrang$4 ,! ,huseby slope 0 "o :i*1 only a few ye>s previ\sly1 _h be5 describ$ z highly dang]\s1 & impossible to desc5d :5 ! sn[ 0 fa/ & 9 good condition4 ,! leap+ competition prov$ mo/ highly int]e/+4 ?\gh 9 "s respects q comical4 ,e man1 except ! ,telem>k+s1 c>ri$ a long1 /\t /aff1 & on t1 s !y ?\ght1 _! lives dep5d$4 ,/>t+ f ! summit1 rid+ _! poles1 z 9 =m] times1 l wit*es on broom-/icks1 *eck+ ! spe$ ) frantic ef=ts1 !y slid d[nw>ds to ! dread$ plat=m or 8hop0 f :i* !y 7 suppos$ to leap1 b ov] :i* !y b trickl$1 z x 71 &1 l&+ s(tly b5ea?1 f9ally rea*$ ! bottom someh[1 ?ankful = _! safe escape f ! dread$ slide4 ,b !n came ! ,telem>k boys1 erect at />t+1 pliant1 confid5t1 )\t any?+ b a fir bran* 9 _! h&s1 swoop+ d[nw>ds ) ev]-increas+ impetus until ) a b\nd !y 7 9 ! air1 & #gf;ft4 ( space 0 cle>$ ere1 ) a res\nd+ smack1 _! ski t\*$ ! slipp]y slope b5ea?1 & !y %ot onw>ds to ! pla91 :]e sudd5ly !y turn$1 /opp$ 9 a smo!r ( sn[ du/1 & fac$ ! hill !y _h j desc5d$6 ,t 0 a sight wor? see+1 & "o nev] to be =gott51 ev5 if 9 aft] ye>s su* p]=mances h be51 9 a way1 totally eclips$4 ,?is wond]ful exhibition ( ! peasants' skill naturally excit$ ! greate/ int]e/1 & act$ on ! t[nsfolk l a *>m4 ,_! leap+ 0 reg>d$ z "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w1 & 9 subsequ5t ye>s p flock$ to ,*ri/iania f f> & wide to witness x4 ,!n came ! turn ( ! tide1 ! eyes ( ! city y\?s became op5$--! eyes ( ^? :o1 dur+ ! long w9t] days _h1 = want ( bett] occupation1 frequ5t$ billi>d-rooms or ill-v5tilat$ cafs1 :]e ! se$s ( idl5ess & vice lay ready to /rike root4 ,by degrees su* old haunts became =sak51 = ! attractions ( ! newly-f\nd sport prov$ great] ?an ^? ( ! bottle1 & ev5 if !y fail$ to attract & re=m ! majority ( m5 j at t p]iod1 !y c]ta9ly _h a mo/ b5eficial influ5ce on _m1 &1 z "t advanc$1 on ! y\ng] g5]ation1 :o 7 able to take to ! pa/ime be=e bad cu/oms c\ld affect _! ways4 ,l o!r ?+s1 especially be=e its novelty _h worn (f1 ski-+ 01 & (t5 /ill is1 c>ri$ to an excess1 b t x is a heal?y pa/ime is a fact beyond all d\bt4 ,to m5 x came z a boon & a bless+1 & subsequ5tly to wom5 & girls1 :o1 9 ! %ort w9t] days & close conf9em5t to ! h\se1 suff]$ t]ribly f anmia & all its att5dant evils4 ,at ! "t ref]r$ to ! fair sex 0 deb>r$ by public op9ion f p>ticipat+ 9 mascul9e pursuits1 & x is n s v long ago t pat] & mat]familias look$ askance at girls :o donn$ ! ski4 ,t is all *ang$ n[1 h[ev]1 & ski-+ has produc$ ( lat] ye>s a race ( robu/ m5 & heal?y wom51 pres5t+ ! greate/ possible contra/ to ^? :o liv$ 89 ! good old times10 unconsci\s ( ! b5efits ( ex]cise & fre% air1 %ut up 9 close & d+y rooms to escape f ! dread$ cold & ! t\* ( an icy bla/4 ,= "s ye>s ! peasants c>ri$ all be=e !m1 bo? 9 ! rac+ & leap+ competitions4 ,!y 7 /eady on _! legs1 accu/om$ to ! m\nta9 slopes f _! infancy1 & c\ld out-pace & out-di/ance all competitors4 ,!y did n1 h[ev]1 und]/& ! art ( tra9+2 ! t[nsm5 soon saw !y c\ld n get on )\t t1 & end$ at la/ 9 beat+ _! tea*]s on all po9ts1 fir/ 9 jump+1 :i* !y practis$ z an art1 &1 secondly1 9 rac+ giv5 di/ances4 ,x may be well n[ to t\* ^u ski-+ prop]1 or ! employm5t ( ski = ! purpose = :i* !y 7 orig9ally int5d$1 viz41 travell+ ov] sn[-clad l& or ice4 ,by means ( ^! appliances p are enable to roam at w1 enjoy+ ! fre%1 crispy air1 ! pretty l&scape1 & *ang+ sc5]y1 comb9$ ) ! pleasant s5sation ( glid+1 in/ead ( tramp+1 ov] ! surface ( ! c\ntry4 ,! spe$ atta9$ is c]ta9ly n v great1 & is ab\t ! same 9 hilly z on level c\ntry1 = 9 ! =m] ! "t lo/ 9 asc5d+ slopes is made up on ! desc5t4 ,9 rac+1 ! "t made by ! be/ m51 travell+ lightly clad1 & "u ! be/ conditions ( sn[ & wea!r1 works out at ab\t eight & a half miles an h\r on a c\rse ( a little ov] n9e miles1 & ne>ly eight miles an h\r on "o ( eighte5 & a half miles4 ,9 rac+1 ! longe/ di/ance ev] run at a /ret* 0 cov]$ by a ,lapp1 :o1 at ,jokkmokk1 9 ,sw$51 made a good #acg miles 9 #ba h\rs & #bb m9utes1 ov] comp>atively level gr\nd1 ?us at a rate ( ab\t six & a half miles an h\r4 ,ord9>y travell]s1 or soldi]s on ski1 w\ld f9d five to five & a half miles an h\r q suffici5t to tax _! p[]s4 ,9 #aijj1 a deta*m5t ( ! ,norwegian ,gu>ds accompli%$ a m>* ( #abe miles 9 sev5 & a half days1 an av]age ( "s sev5te5 & a half miles a day1 :i* mu/ be look$ ^u z a v good p]=mance1 consid]+ t !y c>ri$ canvas :]e) to improvise t5ts1 sleep+ bags1 & provisions1 & mov$ up hill & d[n dale1 once asc5d+ to a height ( #d1jjj;ft4 above ! sea level4 ,x w ?us be se5 t1 9 m>*+ trim1 soldi]s on ski d n travel fa/]1 or to any great ext5t fa/]1 ?an infantry at o!r times1 ! only advantage ( ! ski be+ t1 :5 ! sn[ lies1 !y are able to move ab\t1 & get along 9 p>ts :]e m5 n provid$ ) su* appliances1 or sn[%oes1 w\ld be compell$ to rema9 idle4 ,att5tion may n[ be drawn to leap+1 :i* 0 orig9ally le>n$ by ! ,norwegians on ! slopes ( _! hills :5 inequalities ( gr\nd w\ld1 dur+ a rapid desc5t1 cause ! we>] to b\nd ?r\gh ! air = "s di/ance1 possibly only a y>d or two1 b suffici5t1 anyway1 to create a long+ = a little m4 ,?is l$ ! peasants to make an artificial rise on ! face ( a hill1 & !re meet to see :o c\ld leap f>!/4 ,9 no o!r c\ntry 0 ! leap+ ev] attempt$1 & x is prim>ily due to x t ski-+ caught on1 & became s popul> 9 ,norway z to ?r[ all o!r pleasures into ! %ade1 & atta9 its pres5t position z ! national pa/ime ( ! p4 ,to be und]/ood ski-leap+ mu/ be se54 ,no photograph or description c ev] give a prop] idea ( x4 ,_m ( ^? :o n[ appe> z ! be/ leap]s are m5 :o devote _! *ief en]gies to ?is bran* ( ! sport1 & :o att5d all ! meet+s !y possibly c4 ,!y might be call$ 8pot hunt]s10 b ?is t]m c1 =tunately1 be h>dly appli$ to !m z yet1 = ! remun]ation ( a prize c sc>cely repay ! exp5ses !y incur 9 loss ( "t1 travell+1 c4 ,!y1 9 fact1 p]=m = ! love ( ! amusem5t1 &1 x may be said1 no?+ else except1 possibly1 r5[n4 ,ev] s9ce ! peasants1 9 #ahgi1 />tl$ ! c\ntry by _! leap+ p[]s1 jump+ has /eadily improv$1 i4e41 9 l5g?1 & 9 ! c\rage or d>+ ( ! leap]s4 ,b1 :ile ackn[l$g+ ?is to "s ext5t1 x mu/ be consid]$ d\btful :e!r ! mod]n wond]ful accompli%m5ts equal or surpass ^? ( ! ,telem>k5 peasants1 :o1 "s tw5ty odd ye>s ago1 made b\nds ( #gj;ft4 & upw>ds1 ) _! ord9>y c\ntry outfit ( home-made ski1 simply fa/5$ ) toe /raps ( twi/$ )es1 :]eas n[ m5 we> ski specially made = ! purpose1 /rapp$ securely to _! boots4 ,x may be ( int]e/ to conclude by giv+ a li/ ( ^? :o h made ! longe/ leaps1 & cont9u$ _! c\rse )\t a spill4 ,records ( leaps 9 :i* ! m5 kept _! feet aft] l&+ on ! sn[1 s-call$ 8/&+ leaps03 ,ye>4 ,"n4 ,place4 ,l5g? ( ,jump4 #ahgi4 ,torjus ,hemme/v$t ,*ri/iania #gf feet4 #ahic4 ,torjus ,hemme/v$t ,r$ ,w+1 ,u4,s4,a4 #ajc 0 #ahih4 ,sv5 ,sollid ,solb]g1 pr4 ,*ri/iania #ajc 0 0 ,cato ,aal 0 ,tollef ,hemme/v$t 7#af ye>s old7 ,telem>k5 #ii 0 #ahii4 ,asbjrn ,niels5 ,solb]g1 pr4 ,*ri/iania #ajg 0 0 ,mort5 ,hans5 #aijj4 ,olaf ,t&b]g ,solb]g1 pr4 ,*ri/iania #aaf 0 #aijb4 ,paul ,nesj 7#ah ye>s old7 ,trondhjem #acj 0 0 ,nils ,gje/vang ,modum #acd 0 ,f ! above x w be se5 t ! longe/ leap record$ 0 "o ( #acd;ft41 truly a wond]ful p]=mance1 & "o t c\ld only be accompli%$ on an exce$+ly /eep hill by mo/ able p]=m]s4 ,9 p5n+ ! above ! writ] tru/s t he has ?r[n "s light on ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ski1 & ! purpose to :i* !y h be5 devot$ ( late ye>s by ! ,norwegians1 ! f\nd]s ( ! sport ( ski-+4 ,,cont95tal ,,ski-,,runn+4 ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,,rickm]s4 ,if dates !re mu/ be1 hi/orians w d well to take ,febru>y #h?1 #ahia1 z ! day on :i* ! sport ( ski-+ took root outside ( ,sc&9avia4 ,on t day ,dr4 ,pilet1 ,fr5* ,consul at ,kolm>1 appe>$ at ! ,hotel ,feldb]g]h(1 ,feldb]g1 ,black ,=e/1 ) a pair ( ski1 & s9ce !n ! ,black ,=e/ has be5 ! c5tre ( ski-runn+ 9 ,g]many1 :5ce x has spread to ,switz]l&1 *iefly ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ,w4 ,paulcke1 ^: cross+ ( ! ,b]nese ,ob]l& 9 ! n9eties caus$ a great s5sation & induc$ _m m\nta9e]s to %[ an int]e/ 9 ! new sport4 ,!re _h be5 _m sporadic ef=ts be=e & outside ( ,dr4 ,pilet's en?usia/ic propag&a1 b 8 0 de/9$ to be> fruit be=e all ! o!rs ow+ to ! fav\rable conditions "u :i* x />t$1 = ! ,feldb]g is an admirable field to insure ! rapid gr[? ( su* a se$4 ,! hotel lies at a height ( ov] #c1jjj;ft41 & has = _m ye>s be5 op5 ?r\gh\t ! entire w9t]1 :]eas1 mo/ o!r places ( a simil> "* 7 =m]ly %ut up & des]t$ dur+ ! sn[y season4 ,ev5 be=e ! days ( ski-+ _m lov]s ( ,nature _h visit$ ! m\nta9 to sp5d a few days above ! mi/ & slu% to :i* a s]ies ( mild w9t]s has n[ accu/om$ ! inhabitants ( ! pla9s4 ,add to ?is ! close proximity ( ,freiburg1 a univ]sity t[n full ( "y & en]getic m51 & we h ! explanation :y "h ! fir/ ski-mission>y 0 s successful4 ,true1 ,/4 ,moritz _h a f> bett] *ance1 b !re ! fir/ impulse w\ld h be5 smo!r$ by ! cons]vative in]tia ( a fa%ionable cr[d4 ,9 ! usual c\rse ( ev5ts ,au/ria w\ld simply h foll[$ ! lead ( ,freiburg1 & h be5 cont5t ) a v gradual increase ( ! ski-runn+ public4 ,b "h !re arose a man1 ,h]r ,zd>sky1 :o1 s+le-h&$1 & ?r\gh 8 untir+ p]sonal ef=ts1 fur!r$ ! sport by leaps & b\nds4 ,he inv5t$ a special ski ( 8 own1 commonly kn[n z ! 8,lili5feld0 7see p4 #db74 ,he taught himself1 = he _h nev] se5 a ski-runn]1 & he elaborat$ a sci5tific me?od ( tea*+ ! v>i\s movem5ts & evolutions4 ,he may h op9ions ( 8 own1 "s ( :i* may h be5 prov$ to be relatively wrong1 or h be5 veto$ by a majority1 b ! fact rema9s t he 0 ! fir/ sy/ematic tea*] ( ski-runn+4 ,to him we owe a publi%$ !ory ( ski-+ z specially applicable to /eep & difficult ,alp9e gr\nd2 :ile _m1 includ+ ! writ] ( ^! l9es1 enjoy ! hon\r ( be+ 8 disciples4 ,?is hon\r 0 n1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 )\t its drawbacks1 = a !ory1 especially if x be new & orig9al1 is a f]tile s\rce ( diss5sion4 ,! !ory w\ld p]haps h be5 =gott51 & ! 8,lili5feld0 fa/5+ might n[ be ru/+ 9 ! pat5t (fice1 _h ,h]r ,zd>sky n be5 a man ( action end[$ ) an iron w4 ,practice c>ri$ ! day4 ,t5 ye>s ago !re 0 "o pupil at ,lili5feld2 la/ w9t] 7#aije7 ov] #a1bjj receiv$ in/ruction f ?is indefatigable pione]1 to ^: village special tra9s c>ry devotees f ,vi5na e ,sunday4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,zd>sky s*ool & ! ,black ,=e/ ?reat5$ to assume al>m+ proportions1 =1 /range to say1 bo? sides _h se5 little ( ea* o!r1 & a ho/ ( misund]/&+s arose betwe5 !m ov] !oretical op9ions conc]n+ /yle & fa/5+4 ,=tunately ! /orm has n[ bl[n ov]1 = _m ?+s h be5 cle>$ up1 & ! old h&s h ceas$ to bo!r _! heads ab\t ! be/ fa/5+ or ! be/ me?od4 ,?us ! 8,lili5feld ,/rife0 is a *apt] ( hi/ory1 an int]e/+ phase 9 ! evolution ( our noble sport4 ,to put ! matt] 9 a nut%ell1 ! ,black ,=e/ looks at ! "q ( ski & /yle exclusively f ! ,norwegian po9t ( view ( all-r\nd excell5ce1 :]eas ,lili5feld approa*es ! subject ) ! sole idea ( quickly tea*+ ! beg9n] h[ to run safely on m\nta9\s gr\nd4 ,_h ?is be5 prop]ly und]/ood at once1 !re w\ld h be5 no qu>rell+1 = ^! two /&po9ts are n antagoni/ic1 b complem5t>y4 ,! g5]al !oretical tru? is ! mean betwe5 ! two1 :]eas ! absolutely practical me?od is _! application to ! age1 physique1 tal5ts1 & incl9ations ( ea* p>ticul> individual int5t ^u le>n+ to ski4 ,9 ,switz]l& !re has be5 no less int]e/ %[n 9 ski-+ ?an else:]e1 & x is d\btless de/9$ to be ! great ski-+ c\ntry ( ! future1 boa/+1 z x does1 ( m\nta9s1 sn[y valleys1 & a ?riv+ population4 ,norwegians h told me t1 accord+ to _! belief1 !y may "s day be surpass$ by ! ,swiss1 :o h at _! disposal a mu* great] *oice ( long & /eep slopes4 ,9 ,switz]l& ! natives & ! visitors1 z a rule1 "k v little ( ea* o!r4 ,! natives h tak5 ! cue f ! ,black ,=e/1 :]eas ! visitors1 mo/ly ,engli%1 h exhibit$ a laudable imp>tiality & an en?usiasm :i* bids fair to raise ski-runn+ to ! fir/ rank among ,briti% w9t] sports4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,note4--,9 ! =ego+ article ,mr4 ,rickm]s has omitt$ "o or two po9ts 9 ! developm5t ( ,cont95tal ski-runn+ :i* may "h be m5tion$4 ,! translation ( books treat+ ( pol> exp$itions1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 ! eloqu5t passage ab\t ski 9 ,dr4 ,nans5's ,fir/ ,cross+ ( ,gre5l&1 0 l>gely responsible = ! fir/ gr[? ( ! sport on ! ,cont95t4 ,hi/ory1 too1 has repeat$ itself1 & ,norwegian /ud5ts resid5t 9 =eign univ]sities & te*nical s*ools h play$ mu* ! same "p 9 ,g]many & ,switz]l& z ! e>ly ,telem>k+s play$ 9 ,*ri/iania4 ,we rememb] well ! a/oni%m5t & en?usiasm :i* 0 ar\s$ at ! meet+ ( ! ,gl>us ,club 9 #aijc1 :5 ,messrs4 ,heyd]dahl & ,holte gave an exhibition ( leap+ & quick turn+4 ,nev] _h ! p se5 su* a sight be=e1 & ! good se$ s[n took root1 & bore gre5 %oots at once 9 ! %ape ( num]\s little jumps con/ruct$ by ! juv5ile population4 ,& z 9 ,gl>us1 s 9 o!r places1 p 7 sudd5ly awak5$ by an exhibition ( exp]t skill to ! imm5se possibilities ( ! long unwieldy-look+ bo>ds4 ,great praise is also due to su* m5 z ,dr4 ,paulcke1 ( ,freiburg2 ,h]r ,isel91 ( ,gl>us2 ,h]r ,von de ,beauclair1 ( ,b]n 7to m5tion only ?ree71 = ! organisation & conduct ( ski clubs 9 _! special di/ricts1 & ! hold+ ( race meet+s & c\rses ( in/ruction presid$ ov] by ,norwegian exp]ts4 ,o!r clubs sprang up 9 all directions1 & a great numb] ( meet+s began to be held 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ,switz]l&1 inde$1 ?is soon became a s\rce ( inconv5i5ce1 = e little club _h its *ampion%ips :i* pr(ess$ to cov] a f> l>g] area ?an fact w>rant$4 ,x 0 accord+ly arrang$ la/ ye> 7#aijd7 to =m a l>ge c5tral association = all ,switz]l&1 :i*1 9 due c\rse1 held its meet+ at ,gl>us on ,janu>y #ba/1 #aije4 ,ev5 z ^! l9es are go+ to press ! news comes to h& ( a l>ge association ( all ! clubs ( ,c5tral ,europe1 &1 al?\gh 9 ! mean:ile no c5tral meet+ is contemplat$1 x seems m ?an probable t "s arrangem5t ( ! sort w1 at no v di/ant p]iod1 be f\nd conv5i5t4 ,at ^! ,cont95tal ga!r+s x 0 la/ ye> 7#aijd7 decid$ to obs]ve ! same pr9ciples z 9 ,norway1 & ! *ief hon\rs are n[ aw>d$ to ^? competitors :o %[ ! greate/ skill 9 bo? long-di/ance rac+ & jump+4 ,! long-di/ance race is ?us1 9 ! ma91 a te/ ( spe$ & endurance1 :il/ ! jump %[s :e!r a runn] is c\rage\s1 quick-witt$1 & skilful z well z /rong4 ,! use ( ski f a milit>y po9t ( view is some:at outside ! scope ( a book ( ?is k9d :i* proposes to deal ) !m *iefly z in/rum5ts ( sport4 ,x is suffici5t to say "h t ! milit>y au?orities ( all ! pr9cipal ,cont95tal ,p[]s h giv5 practical recognition ( ! value ( ski 9 w9t] w>f>e1 & x is n[ usual to hold races design$ specially = soldi]s at all ski meet+s ( importance4 ,9 ! op9ion ( all compet5t judges1 ski w\ld be ( great value 9 ! nor?-we/ fronti] ( ,india1 b up till ! pres5t no good ski-runn] has be5 invit$ by ! ,gov]nm5t to put matt]s to ! te/4 ,= an int]e/+ essay on ! subject see ,mr4 ,h4 ,*ubb's article 9 ! ,ski ,club ( ,great ,brita9's ,ye>-,book1 ,no4 #a41 ,vol4 ,i4--,,ed4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,norwegian ,,soldi]4 ,photo by ,a4 ,b4 ,wilse4 ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,ski-,,runn+4 ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,,rickm]s & ,e4 ,c4 ,,ri*>dson4 ,,introduction4 ,ski-runn+ is a sport :i* lit]ally ?r[s "o into a :irl ( excitem5t f ! mom5t "o />ts le>n+ x4 ,?us ! novice :o has once tri$ w n worry ov] ! "q z to h[ long he w take to ma/] ! art4 ,! con/ant repetition1 h[ev]1 ( ! inquiry3 8,h[ long does x take to le>n ski-runn+80 =ces u to make "s k9d ( reply1 ?\gh unwill+ to compromise ourselves by lay+ d[n a h>d & fa/ rule4 ,giv51 !n1 a pair ( ski1 sn[1 correct me?ods1 & a c]ta9 am\nt ( pati5ce1 anyone gift$ ) av]age pluck & muscle %\ld "k en\gh aft] a week's practice to enjoy excursions ( f\r or five h\rs' l5g?4 ,! practice ( ! fir/ day or two is always ! mo/ try+1 b aft] ?is progress becomes rapid4 ,e beg9n] falls cont9ually & exp5ds an enorm\s am\nt ( en]gy 9 gett+ up aga91 & e beg9n] misapplies ! great] "p ( 8 /r5g? 9 o!r directions4 ,b an elem5t>y balance is soon ga9$1 & "o quickly le>ns h[ to make ^? little movem5ts ( ! ?igh muscles :i* save s mu*4 ,we are f> f say+ t at ! end ( a week y w be ev5 a mod]ately good ski-runn]4 ,d[nhill y\r m skilful companions w be able to leave y f> beh9d1 & y w be sorely emb>rass$ :5 ! gr\nd is at all difficult4 ,b at ! end ( t "t y ought to be f> en\gh advanc$ to enjoy some?+ ( ! s5sations ( a swift desc5t1 & to ent] ^u ! conf9es ( t t]ritory ( sn[-clad =e/ & m\nta9 :i* x w be y\r special privilege to visit4 ,& t is already mu*4 ,:il/ x is our belief t no o!r =m ( ex]cise (f]s great] opportunities = ! developm5t ( individual skill1 x is c]ta9 t 9 no o!r are ! surr\nd+s m beautiful or m novel4 ,! l&scape is1 z x 71 transfigur$1 = ! commone/ objects become ennobl$ :5 swa!d 9 ! fl[+ g>b ( ! sn[-drift1 ) its sp>kle ( iridesc5t hues4 ,!re is a /illness & a cle>ness & a blu5ess ( ! atmosph]e1 & a play ( gold5 sunlight ?r\gh ! bran*es ( ! p9e trees1 /&+ s erect & sil5t1 sleep+ till ! return ( spr+4 ,& above ! trees fre% wond]s lie 9 /ore4 ,va/ slopes ( sn[1 brok5 "h & !re by "s d>k rock1 & beh9d !m ! so>+ wat*-t[]s ( ! ,alps1 ) _! "t-worn battlem5ts & %att]$ walls4 ,bel[1 9 ! gulf ( ! valley1 lies ! village1 dim9utive l a ,g]man toy at ! bottom ( a /aircase2 & on ! o!r side rise :it5$ slopes1 ) clu/]s ( t9y *lets1 sn[-cov]$ & sil5t2 & f> away 9 ! en*ant$ di/ance1 cle>-cut1 yet my/ical1 /ret*es a fairyl& ( filmy peak & glaci]1 bl5d+ its opalesc5ce ) ! blue ( heav54 ,a week is surely a %ort appr5tice%ip to s]ve = ! enjoym5t ( ^! wond]s1 & we hone/ly believe t1 if y are reasonably /rong & dilig5t1 y c see !m at ! end ( t "t4 ,l mo/ ?+s1 ski-runn+ is be/ le>nt "y4 ,a c]ta9 suppl5ess ( limb *>act]ises ! /yle ( ^? :o h begun 9 *ildhood1 & ?is1 l ! true acc5t ( a =eign language1 is mo/ difficult to acquire 9 aft] ye>s4 ,nev]!less1 x is a/oni%+ :at c be a*iev$ long aft] ! muscles h set4 ,9 pro( ( :i* we may in/ance t two really good runn]s ) :om we are acqua9t$ did n beg91 9 ! "o case till aft] ?irty & 9 ! o!r till aft] fifty4 ,we d n1 !re=e1 consid] x likely t y are too old to le>n1 ?\gh we are will+ to believe t y may be too lazy6 ,an enc\rag+ feature ( ! sport is ! con/ant improvem5t "o makes4 ,9 _m o!r pursuits a po9t seems soon to be rea*$ beyond :i* fur!r progress is v difficult4 ,b ) ski-runn+ e season br+s its due measure ( advance4 ,a well-kn[n skat] is cr$it$ ) ! obs]vation t anybody c\ld le>n to skate1 b t to be a fir/-class ski-runn] "o mu/ n only be born on ski1 b live on !m con/antly = eighty ye>s--an hyp]bole :i* conta9s a /rong elem5t ( tru?4 ,( c\rse1 z 9 o!r ?+s1 an e>ly beg9n+ is ( great value1 b a natural aptitude c v well be develop$ late 9 life4 ,x is ! object ( a book ( ?is k9d to provide in/ruction 9 ^? me?ods :i* exp]i5ce has %[n to be useful1 & we believe t if ! beg9n] w himself help u by us+ 8 intellig5ce1 he w be v mat]ially assi/$ by ! p]usal ( ^! pages4 ,at ! same "t1 x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! be/ we c hope to d is to place be=e him a sort ( gramm> ( ! sport4 ,! spok5 language1 ! unconsci\s & in/antane\s adaptation ( ! v>i\s positions advocat$ to ! circum/ances ( ! case1 c only be acquir$ by practice direct$ by common s5se4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,gr\nd ,,& ,,! ,,sn[4 ,:]ev] !re is sn[1 !re "o c ski2 :e!r "o safely may is ano!r "q1 :]e( m anon4 ,abs5ce ( sn[1 or sn[ trans=m$ into blue ice1 are !re=e ! well-def9$ limits to ! possibilities ( ! sport4 ,!re is no k9d ( surface capable ( h>b\r+ sn[ :i* has n be5 tri$ on ski1 f ! pla91 ) its unbrok5 %eet ( :ite1 to ! rugg$ m\nta9 side1 :]e n>r[ *annels h to be navigat$ amid too!d reefs & giddy precipices4 ,e p$e/rian kn[s ! inf9ite v>iety !re is 9 l&scape2 h[ an ev]-*ang+ aspect ( ! surface is creat$ by ! geological nature ( ! soil 7s&1 moor1 rock7--! vegetation 7grass1 hea!r1 =e/7--! incl9ation ( ! slopes & o!r topographical features 7d[ns1 hills1 m\nta9s1 valleys1 lakes72 n to =get ! "w ( man 78 h\ses1 f5ces1 roads1 & dit*es74 ,= ! ski-runn] ?is great v>iety ( gr\nd is increas$ a hundr$fold by ! diff]5t /ates ( ! sn[1 :i* he le>ns to di/+ui% 9 ! c\rse ( 8 out+s4 ,! *anges sn[ is capable ( are wond]ful to behold1 & ! obs]vant t\ri/ nev] ceases to discov] "s k9d or condition :i* is new to him4 ,!re is s(t1 flaky1 fre%-fall5 sn[2 !re is d[ny1 fluffy1 p[d]y1 fl\ry1 cry/all9e1 brittle1 salt-l1 sli!ry1 gelat9\s1 wat]y sn[2 !re is sn[ z h>d & :ite z m>ble1 & sn[ ) a ?ick cru/ :i* breaks into big slabs2 !re c be a lay] ( s(t or p[d]y /uff on a h>d %eet1 or a ?91 glassy film ov] loose sn[4 ,we h se5 x 9 ?9 scales1 ! size ( half-cr[ns1 ru/l+ "u ! ski l ! leaves ( an autumn =e/1 or1 aga91 9 ! =m ( long1 /reaky cry/als1 l asbe/os4 ,(t5 x lies pat & smoo? ov] ! r\nd$ hills2 at o!r times x w be a froz5 turmoil ( waves1 ridges1 & grooves6 ,,v>iable ,,gr\nd ,,is ,,desirable4 ,9 /at+ t x is possible to ski on e k9d ( sn[ & on e =m ( sn[-cov]$ gr\nd1 x is at ! same "t to be obs]v$ t "s k9ds ( sn[ & "s k9ds ( gr\nd are m suitable = ! sport ?an o!rs4 ,& z reg>ds ! gr\nd1 mo/ p pref] x to be z v>i$ z possible4 ,we d n l x to be all precipit\s m\nta9-side or all dead level1 or1 = t matt]1 all undulat+ glade4 ,nor d we desire our slopes to be always smoo? & easy1 any m ?an we wi% !m always brok5 & difficult4 ,a happy comb9ation ( all ^! ?+s is be/4 ,we adore ! /raight1 smoo? desc5t ( a long incl9e1 ) its w9d-song 9 ! e>s & its sn[ spray 9 ! face1 b we h also an affection = turn+ hi!r & ?i!r among/ trees & rocks4 ,& ev5 level runn+1 :i* ! beg9n] is apt to despise1 is mu* m int]e/+ & mu* m difficult ?an _m p are incl9$ to believe4 ,,! ,,sn[ ,,%\ld ,,be ,,uni=m4 ,b1 :il/ ! gr\nd itself %\ld be v>i$1 x is mo/ desirable t ! sn[ ^u x %\ld be ( uni=m quality ?r\gh\t4 ,sudd5 *anges1 z1 = example1 :5 a ?9 cru/ w be> = "s di/ance & !n sudd5ly give way1 are n only unpleasant1 b sometimes positively dang]\s4 ,p]haps ! be/ ( all sn[ is t :i* has re/$ = "s "t undi/urb$ at a temp]ature a few degrees bel[ freez+ po9t4 ,"u su* fav\rable conditions ! t9y cry/als ( :i* x is compos$ settle d[n & pack toge!r1 =m+ a mass1 ! compactness ( :i* increases ) its dep?4 ,nor does ! surface rema9 un*ang$1 = "h ! dew cond5ses1 & 9 freez+ =ms ! innum]able ?9 leaf-l films above m5tion$4 ,! ski glide v easily ov] ^!1 & s9k into ! compact] sub/ratum j f> en\gh to admit ( easy /e]+4 ,ano!r capital sn[ condition is :5 a h>d cru/ has be5 =m$1 on ! top ( :i* m sn[ falls to ! dep? ( a few in*es1 ! fir/ few flakes ( ! new fall be+ wet1 s z to adh]e to ! old cru/ & prev5t slipp+4 ,w9d-driv5 sn[ is n usually v good1 b sometimes1 if ! temp]ature be n too l[1 x w =m itself into a compact fl\ry sort ( sub/ance1 :i* w /ick slightly to ! ski to a degree j suffici5t to help up-hill1 b n en\gh to cause annoyance or to prev5t a free passage d[nw>ds4 ,v h>d sn[ is bad bo? = climb+ & = glissad+1 = up-hill x becomes necess>y to /amp vigor\sly 9 ord] to obta9 a foot+1 & d[n-hill ! lack ( side grip r5d]s /e]+ v difficult4 ,b q wat]y sn[1 especially if x be %all[1 (t5 af=ds capital sport4 ,,/icky ,,sn[4 ,! wor/ condition possible = ski-runn+ is :51 ! temp]ature be+ slightly above freez+1 ! sn[ 8balls40 ,?is sometimes occurs ) old sn[ :5 ! sun is v hot1 b mu* m frequ5tly imm$iately aft] a fre% fall4 ,! cause ( ball+ is t wat] is =m$ on ! surface1 :i*1 be+ press$ d[n into ! cold] sub/ratum1 re-freezes1 & adh]es to ! bottom ( ! ski3 to ?is1 be+ aga9 wett$1 l>ge clods ( ! 8b9d+0 sn[ readily atta* !mselves2 slid+ becomes out ( ! "q1 & "o is oblig$ at e /ep to lift _m p\nds' weight ( m+l$ sn[1 wat]1 & ice4 ,"s p>tial cures = ?is evil exi/1 & w be f\nd at ! end ( ! book at page #aje2 b !y are at ! be/ b make%ifts1 & to our m9ds ski-runn+ 9 /icky sn[ is nev] really enjoyable4 ,=tunately1 ?is /ate ( affairs is n ne>ly s common z "o might at fir/ imag9e1 = aft] ! sn[ has settl$1 ev5 if ! air be w>m1 ! ski d n usually s9k 9 suffici5tly to rea* ! cold "u-surface1 & no re-freez+1 ! prim>y cause ( /ick+1 takes place4 ,,cru/$ ,,sn[4 ,ano!r k9d ( bad sn[ occurs aft] w>m wea!r foll[$ by fro/1 :5 an ice cru/ is =m$4 ,if suffici5tly ?ick to be>1 & if slightly w>m1 ?is is n s bad2 b if x be>s 9 "s places & n 9 o!rs a v irritat+1 & sometimes ev5 dang]\s1 /ate ( affairs exi/s4 ,! evil is aggravat$ :5 ! sun's rays1 p5etrat+1 b n melt+1 ! cle> ice surface1 are /rong en\gh to rea* ! gr\nd bel[4 ,?is be+ d>k col\r$1 is w>m$1 &1 ( c\rse1 melts ! sn[ :i* is close to x1 =m+ l>ge holl[s1 :i*1 ?\gh capital hot-h\ses = plants1 are v]itable traps = ! unw>y ski-runn]4 ,on su* a surface1 :5 ! cru/ is /rong1 ! ski w slide rapidly1 b :5 x is rott5 !y w break ?r\gh1 precipitat+ ! runn] =w>d1 cutt+ 8 face & h&s1 & n improbably spra9+ 8 limbs & break+ 8 ski4 ,turn+ on su* sn[ is a matt] ( extreme difficulty1 = ! pressure involv$ usually breaks ! cru/1 ) simil> disa/r\s results4 ,x behoves u to avoid su* places1 or1 if we mu/ cross !m1 to ex]cise extreme caution 9 do+ s4 ,,pat*y ,,sn[4 ,a ?ird1 b less s]i\s1 sort ( bad sn[ is commonly enc\nt]$1 :5 ! surface1 be+ = ! mo/ "p firm & 9 good ord]1 becomes int]rupt$ "h & !re by m>ble-l pat*es ( v f9e p[d]4 ,?is is a /ate ( affairs :i* (t5 occurs high up1 :5 ! cold is int5se1 & :5 /rong w9ds bl[ f9e sn[ ov] an o!rwise good surface4 ,! p[d] settles on ! lee side ( any inequalities & adh]es to any slight irregul>ities4 ,! ski glide v well ov] ! old sn[1 b are *eck$ by ! p[d]1 & a fall =w>d results4 ,a little practice1 h[ev]1 soon enables "o to di/+ui% betwe5 ! semi-transp>5t1 cry/all9e1 d>k]-look+1 old sn[ & ! m opaque1 :ite1 fre% p[d]2 & "o le>ns h[ to make all[ances by lean+ backw>ds or =w>ds4 8,,skavl]40 ,ano!r disagreeable v>iety ( sn[ wor?y ( special m5tion is ! froz5 turmoil ( waves previ\sly m5tion$4 ,?is1 too1 occurs v high up1 & is caus$ by w9d4 ,9 ! ,norwegian tongue x is kn[n by ! expressive "n ( skavl]4 ,! ridges are sometimes z mu* z a c\ple ( feet high1 &1 be+ q h>d1 !y are v unpleasant to trav]se4 ,!y occur1 ( c\rse1 on ! sides ( m\nta9s m expos$ to ! w9d4 ,if "o mu/ cross !m1 a long ski is pref]able to a %ort ski = ! purpose1 b !re is (t5 a way r\nd if "o looks = x intellig5tly4 ,,an ,,eye ,,= ,,c\ntry4 ,9 ?is connection x may be said at once t to *oose "o's way correctly & quickly1 ei!r up hill or d[n1 is a mo/ important "p ( ski-runn+1 dem&+ j ab\t z mu* skill z ! pres]vation ( ! balance4 ,:at is kn[n z an eye = c\ntry seems to be v l>gely a natural gift4 ,"s p are always 9 difficulties1 :il/ o!rs1 (t5 less skilful 9 o!r respects1 are able to f9d _! way almo/ intuitively across unkn[n gr\nd4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 exp]i5ce 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r matt]s1 c\nts = a great deal1 & :at may at fir/ sight /rike ! beg9n] z prophetic inspiration is (t5 no?+ m ?an an application ( previ\sly acquir$ k to pres5t conditions4 ,x is impossible to give mu* in=mation ( ?is k9d 9 a book1 b1 nev]!less1 a few h9ts on ! subject may be f\nd useful4 ,9 ! fir/ place x may be said t z a g5]al rule sn[ is 9 bett] runn+ condition on ! nor? sides ( hills1 :i* are %ad$ f ! sun1 ?an on ! s\?1 :i* are expos$ to x4 ,& ?is is true n only ( m\nta9s z a :ole1 b ( e little hillock & inequality ?r\gh\t _! cont\r4 ,also x is to be obs]v$ t ! sun is w>m] t[>ds ! middle ( ! day ?an 9 ! e>ly morn+1 b t ! temp]ature usually falls ab\t a degree ,fahr5heit = e #cjj feet "o asc5ds4 ,f :i* consid]ations x is evid5t t x g5]ally pays to climb a m\nta9 on ! s\? side1 :]e ! sn[ w be firm1 &1 at all ev5ts late 9 ! ye>1 to />t e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,! nor? side w usually be ! be/ = ! desc5t1 z !re ! sn[ w probably be p[d]y & manageable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,nordm>k51 ,,ne> ,,*ri/iania4 ,photo by ,h4 ,abel4 ,aga91 ! direction ( ! preval5t w9ds1 z above m5tion$1 has consid]able influ5ce1 & "o w z a rule f9d ! surface h>d] on ! wea!r ?an on ! lee side ( m\nta9s4 ,ano!r ?+ wor? rememb]+ is to proce$ v c>efully ov] /ony gr\nd e>ly 9 ! ye>4 ,if a /one be /ruck x w almo/ c]ta9ly damage ! ski1 & v probably cause a spill2 & 9 ,decemb] _m /ones are conceal$ by an in* or two ( fluffy sn[1 :i* is no adequate protection4 ,by ,febru>y1 h[ev]1 ! cov]+ w be bo? deep] & firm]1 & ! risk w n be s great4 ,grass or small hea!r1 on ! o!r h&1 ev5 ?\gh half expos$1 does n /op ! free passage ( ! ski1 b e>?--z1 = in/ance1 t ca/ up by a mole--is almo/ z bad z /ones4 ,s mu* = ! mole-heap4 ,let u n[ pass to ! consid]ation ( m\nta9s4 ,,! ,,et]nal ,,sn[s4 ,conc]n+ ?is k9d ( gr\nd x is ne$ful to give a ^w ( s]i\s advice1 to s\nd a note ( w>n+--t is1 ab\t ,alp9e gr\nd1 ! high m\nta91 & m p>ticul>ly ! region ( ! glaci]4 ,w9t] among ! highe/ ,alps taxes to ! utmo/ ! exp]i5ce & ! qualities ( ! m\nta9e]4 ,:ile af=d+ ! int5se/ excitem5t & caus+ a feel+ ( ! greate/ elation :5 successful1 exp$itions to ^! are nev] free f grave dang]1 z is suffici5tly demon/rat$ by ! victims :om ski-m\nta9e]+ has already claim$4 ,! proportion ( accid5ts is really appall+1 & %\ld make ! ski-runn] pause be=e v5tur+ unw>ily into ! region ( et]nal sn[4 ,to m\nta9e]s we ne$ only say3 8,obs]ve ! rules ( y\r craft ) r$\bl$ wat*fulness :5 ski-+ 9 ! ,alps40 ,o!rs we mu/ e>ne/ly implore n to und]take an excursion 9 ! high] regions unless accompani$ by exp]i5c$ companions or native guides4 ,good 8ski-hills0 recomm5d$ = d[nright enjoym5t1 & free f conditions caus+ undue anxiety1 are r>ely high] ?an #hjjj feet 7sometimes #aj1jjj feet72 & we /rongly advise ! beg9n] to /ick to su* & to leave ! m ambiti\s summits sev]ely alone4 ,9 draw+ ?is dang] zone x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be assum$ t e m\nta9 "u ! limit is safe4 ,! m\nta9s1 z x 71 rec$e f u 9 ! w9t]1 & _m summits & passes :i* af=d a pleasant /roll 9 ! summ] become fraught ) difficulty :5 ! sn[ que5 annexes !m = a "t to h] dom9ions4 ,graci\s to ^? :o h be5 prop]ly 8pres5t$10 & :o approa* h] 9 a _s ( rev]5ce1 t lady arms h]self aga9/ ! p>v5u :o w\ld =ce 8 way to h] pres5ce & %ake h] by ! h&4 ,gidd9ess1 sn[-bl9dness1 fro/-bites1 sn[-/orms & mi/s1 /eep ice slopes1 hidd5 crevasses1 tott]+ cornices1 & la/1 b n lea/1 ! avalan*e1 are among/ h] weapons4 ,9 ! use ( ^! %e is q pitiless1 & %e usually contrives to cunn+ly conceal !m & to p\nce ^u h] victim :5 he is mo/ (f 8 gu>d4 ,,geographical4 ,! beg9n] :o has foll[$ u s f> is probably n[ imbu$ ) ! idea t ski-runn+ is a mo/ dang]\s sport1 & t if he is n ov]:elm$ by an avalan*e1 he is pretty sure to break 8 leg 9 "s "o or o!r ( ! k9ds ( bad sn[ :i* h be5 m5tion$4 ,let him take he>t4 ,by f> ! great] "p ( ! sn[-cov]$ gr\nd )9 easy rea* ( 8 abode is sure to be p]fectly safe1 &1 provid$ t he is reasonably c>eful1 ! *ances ( an accid5t are v small4 ,dur+ ! mon?s ( ,janu>y & ,febru>y ! sn[ is usually 9 excell5t condition 9 any ( ! usual w9t] resorts 9 ,norway or on ! ,cont95t1#e & by go+ fur!r afield v good go+ may (t5 be f\nd until ! end ( ,april4 ,/ill1 x is q exceptional to enjoy a day's exp$ition )\t enc\nt]+ a little bad or indiff]5t sn[ dur+ "s "p ( x1 on :i* occasions ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! beg9n] & ! exp]t w be m ?an ev] app>5t4 ,! great secret is to g c>efully1 b to keep mov+4 ,make up y\r m9d :at y are go+ to d1 & d x4 ,a hill is nev] any?+ l z difficult z x looks f ! top1 b x is usually consid]ably high] ?an x looks f bel[4 ,9 ! cle> atmosph]e ( su* c\ntries z ,norway & ,switz]l& x is v difficult to judge di/ances4 ,! moral is to consult maps4 ,9 ,switz]l& ^! are specially excell5t1 b ev5 ! v old & some:at inaccurate surveys ( ,norway are f> m reliable ?an y\r own or ev5 ! natives' op9ion ab\t su* matt]s4 ,a coroll>y to ! importance ( maps is ! importance ( ! pocket compass1 )\t :i* no p>ty ( ski-runn]s %\ld ev] v5ture f> f home4 ,x is surpris+ h[ easily a mi/ or a heavy sn[-/orm w cause "o to lose "o's way1 ev5 on gr\nd ) :i* "o is p]fectly famili> at o!r times4 ,9 d\btful wea!r take a be>+ or two z y g along4 ,to d s takes v little "t1 & y\r k may be ( great value on y\r return j\rney4 ,we may conclude ?is section by direct+ ! read]'s att5tion to ! ,ye>-,book ( ! ,ski ,club ( ,great ,brita91 :i* conta9s a great deal ( in=mation ab\t ski-runn+ f a geographical po9t ( view4 ,no4 #a ( ,vol4 ,i41 :i* has j be5 issu$1 deals ) important c5tres = ! sport 9 ,great ,brita91 ,norway1 ,switz]l&1 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 c41 c4 ,! articles are all writt5 by dis9t]e/$ & practical m51 :o are !mselves ski-runn]s1 & ! read] c\ld n d bett] ?an turn to x = detail$ in=mation conc]n+ any c\ntry :i* he int5ds to visit4 ,! book is edit$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,wr\ghton1 & is publi%$ = ! club by ,horace ,cox1 ,bream's ,build+s1 ,london4 ,x is issu$ free to memb]s ( ! club & = "o %ill+ to ! g5]al public4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,outfit4 ,,! ,,ski4 ,almo/ e valley 9 ,norway _h at "o "t its own special type ( ski1 suppos$ by its inhabitants to be peculi>ly suit$ to _! requirem5ts2 & 9 o!r l&s ! v>iations h be5 no less num]\s & rem>kable4 ,^? int]e/$ 9 antiquities ( ?is k9d are recomm5d$ to visit ,h]r ,welhav5's v l>ge & complete collection 9 ,*ri/iania1 :i* x is to be hop$ ! ,norwegian nation w acquire & exhibit 9 a suitable museum be=e x is pur*as$ by "s weal?y =eign]4 ,we d n propose to we>y ! ord9>y read] ) a m9ute description ( ! v>i\s types1 especially z "t has %[n ! special virtues claim$ = !m to h be5 l>gely imag9>y4 ,! v curi\s ,oe/]dal ski are1 h[ev]1 wor?y ( special notice4 ,9 t di/rict ! natives us$ on ! left foot a v long 7ab\t #aa;ft47 & n>r[ ski1 & on ! "r a %ort] 7ab\t #h;ft47 & broad] "o1 cov]$ ) elk's or seal's sk94 ,! hairy ski 0 us$ to pu%1 climb1 & turn on1 & 0 call$ ! ,&or2 :il/ ! long "o1 call$ ! ,langski1 0 = re/+ on :5 runn+ /raight4 ,! long ski 0 ( special value 9 cross+ ! h>d1 lumpy sn[ s common 9 t w9d-swept region4 ,!re 0 mu* s5se 9 ?is arrangem5t1 = 9 po9t ( fact "o does z a rule1 ev5 n[1 run on "o ski & /e] ) ! o!r2 b we fancy t ! unev5 movem5ts on ! level mu/ h be5 some:at fatigu+4 ,be ?is z x may1 ! ,&or & ! ,langski are n[ practically ext9ct1 & 9 hilly c\ntries ! ,telem>k ski has n[ sup]s$$ all o!rs4 ,9 ,sw$51 ,f9l&1 & ,russia1 & 9 flat c\ntries g5]ally1 a v long1 ?91 & n>r[ ski is f\nd to be fa/]4 ,! curve 9 front is v flat1 & !re are consid]able v>iations 9 ! =m ( groove us$ und]nea?4 ,b = a m\nta9\s c\ntry ^! are too long = up-hill "w1 & ! %>p1 flat po9t is n suitable = glissad+4 ,! ,telem>k type c1 on ! o!r h&1 be us$ ev]y:]e1 & we h no hesitation 9 recomm5d+ x to our read]s4 ,to ! inexp]i5c$ eye !re is v little diff]5ce betwe5 ! %ape ( ! ski us$ by ! ,telem>k+s :o fir/ came to ,*ri/iania & ^? n[ = sale 9 t t[n or on ! ,cont95t4 ,diff]5ces1 h[ev]1 d exi/1 & "s ( !m are important2 besides :i* x is unque/ionably pleasant to be ! own] ( a h&some pair ( ski :i*1 9 addition to possess+ c]ta9 advantages1 are always a s\rce ( gratification to oneself & ( envy & admiration to "o's fri5ds4 ,we w accord+ly m5tion all ! po9ts ( a really good pair1 beg9n+ ) ! mo/ important4 ,,! ,,wood4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y t !y %\ld be made ( v well-season$ wood1 b1 unless y happ5 to be a timb] exp]t1 y w h to take y\r deal]'s ^w = ?is4 ,a% is ! wood mo/ widely us$1 & ! "o :i* we w\ld recomm5d ! beg9n] to pur*ase4 ,hickory ski are fa/] ?an a%1 b !y are consid]ably heavi]1 & frequ5tly brittle4 ,fir ski are *eap1 light1 & suitable = *ildr51 b x is difficult to get really good wood /rong en\gh = adults2 moreov]1 !y are consid]ably sl[] ?an a%4 ,walnut is also said to be excell5t1 b x is difficult to procure 9 long en\gh & /raight en\gh planks1 & x is little us$4 ,a comb9ation ( p9e & hickory is (t5 employ$ = rac+1 :]e extreme lightness & spe$ are ( importance1 b x is n z /rong z good a%4 ,hav+ decid$ on ! wood1 see t ! gra9 is z /raight z possible1 & t if at any place x runs out its l9es :5 do+ s po9t d[nw>ds t[>ds ! heel1 & n upw>ds t[>ds ! toe2 o!rwise :5 ! ski beg9s to we> spl9t]s w be =m$1 :i* w /ick d[nw>ds into ! sn[ & act z brakes4 ,bew>e ( v light a%1 :i* is apt to be brittle2 ! be/ is some:at heavy ev5 :5 ?or\ghly dry & well season$4 ,by-&-by1 :5 y h acquir$ "s skill1 y may p]haps l to h a pair ( light ski = ! m\nta9s :]e y int5d to g c>efully & take no risks1 & :]e consequ5tly ! *ance ( a break is consid]ably less2 b y w appreciate !m all ! m if y h got into ! way ( us+ a heavi] article d[n bel[4 ,,%ape4 ,! b5d 9 front is ( importance4 ,x %\ld beg9 v gradually at a po9t ab\t f\r-fif?s ( ! di/ance betwe5 ! heel end & ! tip1 & %\ld n be too /eep4 ,a rise ( ab\t #e;941 measur+ f ! gr\nd to ! bottom ( ! tip1 is amply suffici5t4 ,a good ski %\ld also be fairly 8:ippy0 ab\t ! po9t1 b ! ela/icity %\ld be di/ribut$ gradually f c5tre to tip1 & %\ld n come sudd5ly at "o po9t only4 ,we also l a ski to be broad at ! b5d1 a %ade broad] ev5 ?an ! beautiful =m %[n 9 ,figs4 #d & #e4 ,! two qualities ( g5tl5ess ( curve & bread? at ! tip assi/ a rapid passage on ! top ( smoo? sn[1 :il/ ! ela/icity is valuable on lumpy gr\nd1 besides be+ conducive to lightness4 ,! desirability ( ela/icity is1 we ?9k1 a reason = es*ew+ ! r\nd-upp]-sid$ ski sometimes sold 9 ,norway4 ,! r\nd upp]-side does n1 ( c\rse1 p]mit ( s mu* loose sn[ re/+ ^u x z ! flat1 b x makes ! front "p ( ! ski v /iff1 & consequ5tly unpleasant to run on1 sl[1 & liable to break4 ,besides ! b5d at ! po9t1 !re is a long upw>d curve ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! ski1 runn+ f heel to entrance4 ,! object ( ?is is1 ( c\rse1 to prev5t any b5d+ 9 ! opposite direction caus$ by ! weight ( ! body2 x also s]ves to provide an agreeable ela/icity :5 "o is runn+ on ! level4 ,,col\r4 ,! col\r ( ! ski is v l>gely a matt] ( ta/e1 & 9 n9e days out ( t5 is ( no practical importance4 ,e n[ & aga91 h[ev]1 !re w be a "t :5 ! sun w beat fi]cely on d>k-col\r$ ski & w>m !m1 caus+ ! sn[ to adh]e to !m top & bottom m readily ?an to ^? ( light] col\r1 :i* ?r[ (f a great] proportion ( ! rays4 ,= :i* reason we unhesitat+ly give our vote = pla9 v>ni%$ or :ite-pa9t$ ski4 ,black-pa9t$ ski are1 h[ev]1 v common 9 ,norway4 ,!y look v sm>t & pres5t a pleas+ contra/ to ! sn[1 & !y are frequ5tly recomm5d$ = m\nta9 use1 = ! reason t :5 ! eye is dazzl$ by va/ expanses ( unbrok5 :ite !y af=d a valuable po9t ( focus1 & s act z a prev5tive to sn[-bl9dness4 ,we w\ld1 h[ev]1 /rongly advise ! read] n to rely too mu* on ?is1 or soon] or lat] 8 eyes w surely be affect$4 ,smok$ goggles1 or "s su* arrangem5t z t recomm5d$ on page #ej1 are inf9itely pref]able to any black pa9t4 ,besides :i*1 pla9 v>ni%$ ski are ev] s mu* d>k] ?an ! sn[1 & "o c focus "o's eyes almo/ equally well on !m4 ,! pa9t+ ( ski is1 on ! o!r h&1 (t5 a cunn+ device on ! "p ( unscrupul\s deal]s to hide defects 9 ! wood--a fact :i* may acc\nt = _! popul>ity to a great] ext5t ?an ! guileless may suppose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ski4 ,mod]n 8,telem>k0 ,type4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,fig4 #e4 ,hav+1 !n1 giv5 our vote = pla9-v>ni%$1 flat-topp$1 fairly heavy a% ski ( ,telem>k type1 ) a long1 easy1 flatti% ela/ic entrance & a broadi% po9t1 x rema9s = u to consid] h[ broad !y %all be at ! middle & h[ long ov] all1 & :e!r !y %all or %all n be provid$ ) a groove und]nea? !m runn+ f end to end4 ,we approa* ^! que/ions ) a c]ta9 degree ( diffid5ce1 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 inve/igations ) a view to _! answ] h n be51 & p]haps _c be1 c>ri$ out ) mu* sci5tific precision1 &1 9 ! second place1 !y w always rema9 v l>gely matt]s ( p]sonal ta/e4 ,,smoo?-,,bottom$ ,,& ,,broad v]sus ,,groov$ ,,& ,,long4 ,evid5tly to "s ext5t ! l5g? & bread? ( a ski mu/ be proportionate to ! weight ( ! runn]1 a c]ta9 degree ( c>ry+ surface be+ necess>y to obviate s9k+4 ,b1 ap>t f all que/ions ( support1 l5g? is ( great importance4 ,9 ?is respect ski resemble %ips1 =1 g5]ally speak+1 ! long] !y are ! fa/] !y g4 ,area = area long ski are fa/] ?an broad4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! %ort] a ski is ! m readily x w turn1 & x is1 ( c\rse1 v important to be able to /e] easily4 ,!re comes a po9t1 h[ev]1 :5 ease ( turn+ develops into wobbl+1 & s]i\sly int]f]es ) "o's balance :5 runn+ /raight4 ,nor is ! un/ead9ess ( %ort & broad ski conf9$ to :at may be consid]$ z horizontal wobbl+1 due to inequalities ( ! gr\nd1 b broad ski are also m subject to :at may be reg>d$ z v]tical wobbl+1 due to unequal sn[ consi/5cy4 ,= 9 ! case ( ! long ski v>iations 9 ! c>ry+ p[] ( ! sn[ & consequ5t errors ( balance occur 9 a backw>d & =w>d direction1 b 9 ! case ( a broad ski 9 a sidew>d direction1 :i* latt] is1 ( c\rse1 m upsett+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gates ,,( ,,! ,,jotunheim4 ,photo by ,e4 ,c4 ,ri*>dson ,aga91 almo/ all ski are n[adays provid$ ) a groove along ! bottom1 beg9n+ at a po9t a little di/ance bel[ ! b5d & cont9u+ to ! heel4 ,! object ( ?is is to prev5t horizontal wobbl+ & to assi/ /raight runn+4 ,its work+ is mo/ p[]ful4 ,cle>ly1 !n1 "s sort ( compromise mu/ be arriv$ at betwe5 a v smoo? & broad ski on ! "o h&1 & a v long & groov$ "o on ! o!r4 ,n[ 9 ,norway /raight runn+ is all ! ord] ( ! day4 ,ar\nd ,*ri/iania !re is sc>cely a hill :i* _c be1 & is n1 tak5 at full spe$1 & ! smoo?1 glaci] poli%$ m\nta9s ( t c\ntry are equally suitable = a /raight desc5t4 ,9 ! ,black ,=e/1 too1 /raight runn+ is p>am\nt4 ,= ^! c\ntries we recomm5d groov$ ski ab\t z long z ! di/ance betwe5 ! gr\nd & ! roots ( ! f+]s :5 ! h& is held above ! head1 & ( a wid? proportionate to ! weight ( ! runn]4 ,9 ,switz]l&1 h[ev]1 ! gr\nd is bo? /eep] & m irregul>1 & 9 g5]al f> m difficult = /raight runn+1 hidd5 wat]-c\rses1 rocks1 & o!r ob/acles be+ ( common occurr5ce4 ,!re1 x is accord+ly ( p>am\nt importance to ! beg9n] to be able to control 8 spe$ & to turn1 & our advice is t 9 t c\ntry he %\ld1 = ord9>y go+1 use some:at %ort] & slightly broad] ski--say1 ab\t #f;94 %ort] ?an 9 ,norway4 ,we advise him = all-r\nd purposes 9 ,switz]l& to reta9 ! groove4 ,b if he is go+ to d mu* climb+ on v /eep & difficult gr\nd1 or if he is advanc+ 9 ye>s & has lo/ some?+ ( 8 pri/9e da%1 he may f9d x conv5i5t to omit ! groove & to travel on p]fectly smoo? bo>ds4 ,,long ,,alp9e ,,t\rs4 ,= really long & ardu\s m\nta9 t\rs 9 ! ,alps1 :]e e ounce ( weight tells1 we w\ld recomm5d a fur!r r$uction ( ab\t a foot 9 all f ! cu/om>y ,norwegian l5g?1 & only a slight increase 7if1 inde$1 any7 9 ! ord9>y bread?4 ,on su* exp$itions c>eful go+ & p[] ( control are ( p>am\nt importance1 & ski-runn+ becomes m ( a means to an end ?an an end 9 itself4 ,a little extra s9k+ 9 up-hill is n ( mu* mom5t1 & is m ?an equalis$ by ! ga9 9 lightness2 & d[n-hill ! loss 9 spe$ is ( no consequ5ce--inde$1 9 "s cases a positive advantage4 ,on su* ski1 too1 ! groove is bett] omitt$4 ,,ord9>y ,,use4 ,! foll[+ table may help ! read] to select ski ( ab\t ! usual ,norwegian proportions3-- ,,height ,,( ,,! ,,ski-,,runn]4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #d' #ce' #je' #ce' #ee' #ge' #i #e' #aa ---- ,up to to to to to to to to ,ov] #d' #ce' #je' #ce' #ee' #g #e' #ie' #aaf' #a #f' #a ,"u #b #b #b #b #b ,,weight #aj ,,/one #ea #ei #fe #ga #gg -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,( #aj ,,to #b #b #b #b ,,! #ac ,,/one -- -- -- #ga #ge #gi #hc -- -- ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,ski- ,,ov] #c #c #c #c ,,runn]4#ac /one -- -- -- -- -- #gi #hc #hg #ia ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,pres]vation4 ,ski %\ld be treat$ prop]ly if !y are to reta9 _! full effici5cy4 ,x is a capital plan to oil !m f "t to "t l a cricket bat4 ,l9se$ oil is be/ = ! purpose1 & a small quantity ( p>aff9 %\ld be add$ to x to help x to p5etrate4 ,?is treatm5t h>d5s ! wood1 & r5d]s x wat]pro( & n liable to spl9t]4 ,ski %\ld be kept 9 a cool place1 b %\ld !y be tak5 out ( a w>m room !y %\ld be left /&+ 9 ! cold air = ab\t t5 m9utes be=e !y are all[$ to t\* ! sn[4 ,"o %\ld avoid walk+ on !m ov] e>? & /ones4 ,aft] use !y %\ld be clean$4 ,to 8set0 !m1 place _! "u sides 9 contact1 & /rap !m loosely toge!r at ! po9ts :]e !y t\*--viz41 extreme heel end & base ( ! tip4 ,ins]t a piece ( wood ab\t #b;94 squ>e & 94 ?ick at a spot indicat$ by ! usual position ( y\r boot-heel2 !n /rap tightly4 ,!y w !n be 9 close t\* at ! ends1 #b;94 ap>t "u ! heel1 & ! 8fea!r+0 is ?us pres]v$4 ,,! ,,b9d+4 ,no "p ( a beg9n]'s outfit is likely to cause him s mu* 8sweet sorr[0 z 8 b9d+4 ,! *ances are enorm\s t :atev] he buys w af=d him pl5ty to ?9k ab\t1 &1 alas6 to talk ab\t1 = a consid]able "t to come4 ,dur+ 8 e>ly ef=ts he is c]ta9 to attribute mo/ ( 8 mis=tunes to its manife/ imp]fections1 & if1 z we hope1 he is a p]son ( an inv5tive turn ( m9d1 he w sp5d ! great] "p ( 8 ev5+s1 & p]haps ev5 "s ( ! wat*es ( ! night1 9 design+ some?+ new & orig9al :i* w at "o & ! same "t ov]come all 8 difficulties & make 8 =tune4 ,x is our s9c]e desire to assi/ him 9 ?is laudable endeav\r1 & accord+ly we %all give bel[ a few ( ! qualities :i* a p]fect b9d+ ought to possess4 ,be=e proce$+ to d s x w1 h[ev]1 be necess>y to notice "s ( ^? actual =ms :i* o!r ski-runn]s use or h us$--a task :i* is n ne>ly s agreeable or s easy4 ,= legion is _! "n1 & x is difficult to make a selection )\t hurt+ somebody's feel+s4 ,dur+ ! e>ly days ( ! sport 9 ,c5tral ,europe 7t is to say1 till q rec5tly7 ! fi]ce/ controv]sy rag$ ab\t b9d+s 7see p4 #ae74 ,b n[1 p>tly because ( ! impossibility ( say+ any?+ new on ! subject1 & p>tly because ! discov]y has be5 made t aft] all "o's fa/5+ is n ( p>am\nt importance1 ! topic is no long] ( absorb+ int]e/4 ,n b :at our ,teutonic fri5ds reta9 _! love ( controv]sy1 & _! e>ne/ me?ods ( conduct+ su*1 b ! ,scot*man 9 se>* ( an argum5t w\ld d bett] to />t "s !me o!r ?an b9d+s1 z1 = example1 seal's sk9 or wax4 ,a reaction has1 9 fact1 set 91 & :]eas two ye>s ago ! mo/ complicat$ 0 ! be/1 we 7 surpris$ la/ season to f9d a ,cont95tal fri5d us+ ! old 7& v excell5t7 ,lapp b9d+1 :i* 0 s mu* 9 vogue 9 ,norway ye>s ago :5 we fir/ le>nt to g on ski4 ,he1 ( c\rse1 0 "u ! impression t he _h ! v late/ ?+1 & we did n enlight5 him1 b we %\ld n be mu* a/oni%$ to f9d him next ye> twi/+ bir* twigs aft] ! mann] ( ! e>ly ,telem>k+s6 ,n[ ?is plan ( mak+ a /iff & /rong rope by twi/+ bir* twigs 0 ! e>lie/ me?od ( connect+ ! heel ( ! foot ) ! ski4 ,prior to t a /rap across ! toe 0 all t 0 us$4 ,any o!r arrangem5t 0 consid]$ dang]\s4 ,!n came ! ,telem>k+s 7see p4 #i7 ) _! new me?ods4 ,!y b\nd ! ski firmly to ! toe1 & lead ropes ( twi/$ bir* f ! toe r\nd ! back ( ! heel4 ,?is arrangem5t 0 at once felt to be an advantage4 ,n only did x prev5t ! foot cont9ually slipp+ out ( ! toe /rap1 b x reliev$ ! toe itself f mu* ( ! /ra9 involv$ :5 ! ski has to be pull$ =w>d 9 walk+ on ! level or up hill2 moreov]1 x enorm\sly help$ /e]+1 & s x 0 adopt$4 ,,"s ,,common ,,fa/5+s4 ,p liv+ 9 t[ns1 h[ev]1 ei!r c\ld n procure bir* twigs or lack$ skill 9 prep>+ & fix+ ropes made f !m4 ,some?+ else _h to be sub/itut$1 & t some?+ 0 ! ?9 cane1 :i* s long held ! field4 ,! canes 7 /eam$1 & b5t r\nd ! back ( ! heel & secur$ 9 front by a clamp4 ,?is =m ( b9d+ 0 & /ill is widely us$4 ,b ! canes1 ev5 :5 cov]$ ) lea!r & /r5g!n$ ) /eel wire1 7 f\nd to be inconv5i5t4 ,!y broke & !y 7 cumb]some1 & ! guid+ p[] !y all[$ ( 0 limit$4 ,s taboo 0 brok5 & metal 0 admitt$ into ! con/ruction ( ! fa/5+4 ,contr>y1 h[ev]1 to expectation1 p's legs did n break (t5] ?an be=e1 &1 z ! iron also /ood ! /ra91 a b9d+ l t giv5 bel[ 7,fig4 #f7 became v popul>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,lapp ,b9d+1 ,huitfeldt's patt]n 7left foot74 ,! heel is secur$ by means ( a s+le ?ong ab\t #g;ft4 long1 ) a loop at ! end4 ,! loop end is d\bl$ close to ! loop1 & ! bight pass$ ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! ski bel[ ! ball ( ! foot4 ,! long end is !n pass$ r\nd ! back ( ! heel1 ?r\gh ! bight1 back r\nd ! heel1 & ?r\gh ! hoop ?us3-- ,illu/ration3 ,! :ole is !n pull$ tight1 & ! long end pass$ ov] ! in/ep1 "u ! ?ongs on ! inside ( ! foot1 back ov] ! in/ep1 & "u & r\nd ! ?ongs on ! outside1 :]e x is secur$ by a c\ple ( half-hit*es4 ,! loose end is !n tuck$ away1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,! ,,lapp ,,b9d+ %[n above is ,huitfeldt's patt]n4 ,! novelty ab\t x 0 ! iron toe piece2 ! ?ong arrangem5t _h long be5 us$ by ! ,lapps4 ,z previ\sly m5tion$1 _m p /ill employ ?is b9d+1 & :5 skilfully adju/$ x c be v firm1 & x possesses ! m]its ( extreme simplicity & ease ( repair4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 sev]al objections to x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x takes "s little practice & "s little /r5g? to fix ! ?ong prop]ly1 an op]ation r5d]$ d\bly difficult :5 ! lea!r is froz5 & ! f+]s cold4 ,aga91 ! ?ong1 especially if *anges ( temp]ature occur1 is cont9ually exp&+ & contract+2 ! knots 9 x are apt to make sore places on ! foot1 &1 l a boot-lace1 x has an irritat+ way ( break+ j :5 "o is 9 a hurry4 ,aga91 ! iron toe piece mu/ be mo/ c>efully adju/$ to fit ! boot4 ,9 %ort1 we dislike ! :ole fa/5+ = ! reason t1 unless x is v c>efully put on & att5d$ to1 x becomes altoge!r toe wobbly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--;,huitfeldt ,b9d+4 ,iron ,toepiece & ,/raps4 ,! ,,huitfeldt ,,b9d+ giv5 above is consid]$ by _m p to be an improvem5t on ! ,lapp b9d+1 & x has atta9$ a va/ popul>ity 9 ,norway4 ,9 pr9ciple x diff]s f ! latt] b little2 b v /\t /raps are sub/itut$ = ! ?ong ) its tr\blesome knots1 & ! iron toe-piece is made ( a solid piece ( metal1 :i* is b5t up on ei!r side ( ! ski1 & :i* c be hamm]$ into ! exact %ape ( ! sole ( ! boot4 ,?is is an advantage1 z an accurate fit is insur$4 ,! disadvantage is t x is liable to be b5t out ( %ape by ! heavy-sol$ boot :i* x is necess>y to we> ) ?is & ) ! ,lapp-b9d+4 ,! /raps1 ) x too1 exp& & contract ) ! temp]ature1 & a v slight degree ( slackness is suffici5t to make ! :ole v loose4 ,moreov]1 ! side /raps cat* ! sn[ to "s ext5t & act z a brake1 ?\gh usually ?is is n ( mu* consequ5ce4 ,! ,huitfeldt b9d+ is also tr\blesome to put on firmly1 especially :5 ! /raps are froz54 ,hy]-,ellefs5's %ort5+ clamp 7,fig4 #h7 is design$ to get ov] ?is difficulty1 b x is new1 & we h n _h suffici5t exp]i5ce ( x to (f] any criticism4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,hy]-,ellefs5's ,pat5t ,clamp = use ) ,huitfeldt's b9d+4 ,we n[ come to a new class ( fa/5+1 :]e ! heel is connect$ ) ! ski by means ( "s sort ( sole1 g5]ally made ( ! 8belt+0 us$ = driv+ ma*9]y1 fix$ to ! top ( ! ski 9 front ( ! toe4 ,!re are innum]able v>iations ( ?is plan1 a v simple "o be+ to fix a piece ( ! belt+ 9 front ( ! foot & to atta* x to ! heel ( ! boot by means ( a dummy heel & a /rap lead+ r\nd ! in/ep4 ,! toe is held 9 position ei!r by side irons & a /rap1 z 9 ! ,huitfeldt b9d+1 or by a simple broad /rap pass+ ?r\gh ! ski & buckl+ across ! toe4 ,9 ! latt] =m x has atta9$ to consid]able popul>ity on ! ,cont95t1 especially 9 ! ,black ,=e/4 ,we d n1 h[ev]1 ?9k x wor? :ile to give a picture ( ?is fa/5+1 z x is n "o :i* we c recomm5d = any purpose4 ,! dummy heel fills up ) sn[1 & becomes uncom=table2 & z to ! belt+1 "o is 9 ?is dilemma1 t if "o uses x ?9 x buckles & if "o uses x v ?ick x becomes heavy & too /iff = com=table walk+ unless x be fa/5$ v f> =w>d1 9 :i* case x rises (f ! ski at e /ep & presses ! toe aga9/ ! toe /rap1 !reby caus+ discom=t & cold feet4 ,,torg]s5',s 8,,h&ry0 ,,b9d+ 7,fig4 #i7 is1 we ?9k1 va/ly pref]able1 = x has no heel to collect sn[1 & ! belt+1 only rea*+ half-way d[n ! foot1 is n s liable to buckle4 ,x _c1 h[ev]1 claim to be a really firm b9d+1 ?\gh if ! /rap lead+ f ! belt+ r\nd ! in/ep be pull$ tight 7& a tight /rap at ?is "p ( ! foot does n seem to affect ! circulation7 x is n s loose z might be suppos$ at fir/ sight4 ,b ! *ief advantage ( ,torg]s5's b9d+ is its extreme adju/ability4 ,x w fit almo/ anybody1 & c be tak5 on & (f 9 a mom5t4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is a v good b9d+ = clubs or %opm5 9 ,switz]l& :o let out ski to a numb] ( diff]5t p = %ort p]iods4 ,its only mod]ate firmness also recomm5ds x to n]v\s beg9n]s :o want to run /raight & fa/1 & :o are afraid ( ! slight extra risk involv$ by us+ a rigid fa/5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,torg]s5's ,h&y ,b9d+4 ,driv+ ,belt & ,/raps4 ,half ! sole is ,driv+ ,belt4 ,,ellefs5',s ,,pat5t ,,b9d+ 7,fig4 #aj7 is ( ! same class4 ,x appe>$ la/ season 7#aijd-e71 & has sc>cely be5 9 use long en\gh to all[ ( exhau/ive criticism4 ,z ) ,torg]s5's1 ! belt+ only rea*es ab\t half-way d[n ! foot1 :]e x is t]m9at$ by an iron cross-piece ) upright *eeks fitt+ on ei!r side ( ! heel 7see ,fig4 #aj74 ,f ^! *eeks a /rap leads r\nd ! back ( ! heel1 by means ( :i* ! belt+ is pull$ tight4 ,?is /ret*+ ( ! belt+ is ! novelty ( ! arrangem5t1 & is v +5i\s1 z1 ( c\rse1 x prev5ts all buckl+4 ,! iron toe-pieces are mu* ! same z 9 ,huitfeld1 b !y are fix$ firmly to ! ski by means ( ! little metal tongues :i* are "p ( !m4 ,! tongues at ! same "t secure ! driv+ belt "u ! toe1 giv+ x due /iffness 9 a v]tical direction & prev5t+ pressure ( ! toe /rap4 ,b obvi\sly ?is is ! weak spot ( ! front "p ( ! arrangem5t1 & unless ! belt+ is ( ! v be/ quality x is liable to te> !re4 ,! mak]s1 h[ev]1 claim t ! be/ belt+ w n te>1 & "t alone c decide :e!r ?is is s or n4 ,! b9d+ is n readily adju/able1 & :5 ord]+ x is necess>y to s5d a sket* ( ! boot :i* "o int5ds to use ) x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,ellefs5's ,pat5t ,b9d+4 ,! figure ) ! boot also %[s a little /rap sewn on to ! heel ( ! boot to prev5t ! heel /raps slipp+ (f4 ,?is is v useful ) all ! above-nam$ fa/5+s4 ,see infra1 pp4 #dg & #dh4 ,! ,,lili5feld ,,b9d+ has caus$ m discussion & provok$ m criticism ?an any o!r4 ,x1 too1 is on ! 8sole0 pr9ciple1 b diff]s f all o!rs 9 ?is respect1 t 7except = ! heel & toe /raps7 x is made entirely ( metal4 ,! v]tical axis ( ! sole is1 moreov]1 plac$ 9 front ( ! toe1 & n "u x z 9 o!r fa/5+s1 & v]tical /iffness is secur$ by means ( a v +5i\s spr+ arrangem5t emb$d$ 9 ! ski4 ,?is %ift+ ( ! axis =w>d makes ! b9d+ feel curi\s at fir/1 b "o gets accu/om$ to x aft] a :ile1 & !n x becomes v com=table & pleasant4 ,an objection to ! plan is1 h[ev]1 t "o is depriv$ ( mu* control ov] ! heel ( ! ski1 & is plac$1 s to speak1 at ! m]cy ( ! spr+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 (t5 conv5i5t to raise ! heel ( ! ski :5 go+ up hill1 & x is annoy+ to f9d :5 "o tries to d s t x refuses to obey on acc\nt ( ! spr+ be+ insuffici5tly screw$ up4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! spr+ be tight ! heel keeps 8clapp]+0 up & d[n at e /ep4 ,ano!r decid$ly bad po9t ab\t ?is fa/5+ is its weight4 ,x is unque/ionably heavy4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 to use a consid]ably light] ski ) x ?an ) any ( ! ord9>y arrangem5ts1 & light ski are apt to be brittle4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a v p[]ful b9d+1 v suitable = mak+ 8,s0 turns on /eep & difficult gr\nd4 ,x seldom or nev] breaks1 & x is adju/able to almo/ any boot4 ,x is usually sold fitt$ to a special ski ) a hole 9 x cut = ! spr+4 ,! s-call$ 8,alp9e skee0 is %orti%1 broadi%1 & flat-bottom$1 ) a %>ply turn$-up bluff entrance4 ,^! qualities r5d] x less suitable = /raight runn+1 b useful = turn+ on ! m\nta9-side1 = :i* special purpose x is1 inde$1 design$4 ,p some:at advanc$ 9 ye>s w f9d ! 8,alp9e skee10 ) its special fa/5+1 ( value = m\nta9 t\rs1 & x is1 we ?9k1 easi] to le>n to turn on x ?an on any o!r2 b y\r da%+ y\? & y\r jump] w c]ta9ly pref] ! ,norwegian article4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,lili5feld fa/5+ c be fix$ to a ,telem>k ski4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,! ,lili5feld ,b9d+4 8,alp9e ,skee40 ,movable ,/eel ,sole4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,fix+4 ,! "r way ( atta*+ all ! above-nam$ b9d+s to ! boot w h be5 evid5t f ! descriptions app5d$ to ea*4 ,x is suffici5t to obs]ve "h t ! /raps 7& p>ticul>ly ! toe-/raps7 %\ld nev] be pull$ tight] ?an occasion dem&s4 ,tight /raps are ! sure/ road to fro/-bite1 besides be+ v uncom=table4 ,= all ord9>y go+--t is to say1 dur+ f> ! great] l5g? ( "t t ! ski are on ! feet--! /raps may be worn comp>atively loose4 ,x is q easy to tight5 !m up = a difficult piece ( gr\nd or a jump1 & !re is no occasion to run unnecess>y risks4 ,ano!r important matt] is t ) all ord9>y b9d+s c>e %\ld be tak5 n to ?ru/ ! foot too f> into ! toe-/rap4 ,! toe-/rap %\ld nev] cross ! foot l[] ?an ! middle ( ! great toe4 ,p are apt to neglect ?is simple precaution1 b 9 do+ s !y run ! risk ( spra9+ ! foot 9 ! ev5t ( a fall =w>ds4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,lili5feld b9d+1 x is n necess>y to be q s c>eful1 z ) x ! v]tical axis is 9 front ( ! foot4 ,,conclusion4 ,! beg9n] :o has read ! above rem>ks probably realises by n[ t !re is no su* ?+ z a p]fect ski b9d+ :i* w satisfy ev]ybody6 ,"s p want extreme lat]al rigidity1 o!rs a little play1 & o!rs1 aga91 comp>ative loos5ess4 ,x is mu* ! same ) ! v]tical movem5t2 if v /iff !re is great control1 valuable = jump+ & = lift+ ! heel 9 /eep hill climb+1 b ! ski 8clapp]s0 on ! level4 ,if v loose1 ! toe has to c>ry too mu* weight1#f & ! advantages ( /iffness vani%4 ,!re c really be no su* ?+ z a happy mean 9 ^! matt]s1 & ev]ybody mu/ *oose t :i* on ! :ole is be/ suit$ to 8 requirem5ts4 ,nor c any =m ( fa/5+ la/ = ev]1 & ! mo/ t "o c expect is t a b9d+ %\ld n be cont9ually giv+ way4 ,d n1 !re=e1 beg9 by worry+ y\rself too mu* ab\t ?is "p ( y\r equipm5t4 ,buy "o or o!r ( ! b9d+s depict$ above :i* y ?9k w suit y be/1 & le>n all ab\t its little peculi>ities & some?+ ab\t ski-runn+ be=e y decide t x is no good4 ,above all ?+s1 avoid bor+ y\r m exp]i5c$ fri5ds ) b9d+ talk1 ( :i* !y h all _h en\gh & to sp>e4 ,,foot-,,plates4 ,9 ord] to protect ! ski & to prev5t sn[ adh]+ to x "u ! foot x is necess>y to fix "s sort ( anti-/ick+ mat]ial to t "p :i* is t\*$ by ! boot2 & a ?9 plate ( "s non-corrosive metal is be/ = ?is purpose2 ! india-rubb] or seal's sk9 commonly sold are ( little use1 & soon we> out4 ,,! ,,/ick4 ,! /ick is a good s]vant1 b a bad ma/]4 ,x is little us$ by fir/-class runn]s1 except to enable !m to increase ! spe$ by punt+4 ,!re c1 h[ev]1 be no d\bt t x greatly assi/s a beg9n] 9 pres]v+ 8 balance on difficult gr\nd & 9 turn+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is equally c]ta9 t x is frequ5tly ! cause ( 8 adopt+ a bad /yle1 ( spoil+ 8 balance1 & ( h9d]+ or entirely block+ 8 progress 9 ! art ( turn+4 ,to jump ) a /ick 9 ! h& is mo/ dang]\s1 &1 ( c\rse1 !re is always ! possibility ( ! /ick be+ lo/ or brok5 on t\r4 ,accord+ly !re are ^? :o recomm5d ! beg9n] to leave ?is "p ( 8 outfit at home2 & mu* is to be said 9 fav\r ( su* advice1 especially 9 ! case ( a "y & active pupil4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is argu$ t anybody :o c g on ski )\t a /ick w n h any difficulty 9 subsequ5tly tak+ to "o1 we v5ture to diff]4 ,p]haps 9 r>e cases x may be s1 b we h _h a some:at ext5sive exp]i5ce ( beg9n]s ( all ages1 & we h always f\nd x o!rwise4 ,! novice :o has le>nt )\t a /ick seems to be greatly emb>rass$ :5 "o is fir/ plac$ 9 8 h&4 ,moreov]1 we h met n a few ski-runn]s1 no long] novices1 :o make v pretty ,telem>k & ,*ri/iania sw+s on ! practice gr\nd ) h&s free1 b :o break d[n hopelessly on t\r :5 encumb]$ ) a /ick4 ,b ev]ybody is agre$ t a /ick ( "s sort or o!r %\ld be tak5 on t\r1 & we fail to see ! use ( ^! pretty manuvres if !y _c be accompli%$ :5 really mo/ requir$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is f> f be+ ! :ole case = ! pole4 ,:at is y\r poor eld]ly fri5d to d :5 he tumbles 9 deep sn[8 ,x frequ5tly requires consid]able activity to get up "u su* circum/ances1 & :at is "h m5tion$ half 9 je/ might really be an ugly matt]4 ,besides1 nobody ov] tw5ty-five c be expect$ to enjoy cont9ual /ruggl+ head d[nw>ds4 ,p get exhau/$1 p beg9 to ?9k t x is impossible to le>n1 & p take to "s inf]ior sport :i* !y f9d easi]1 & !re=e m amus+4 ,did y mutt] 8,let !m g08 ,nay2 b !re we t\* ! v root ( ! matt]4 ,is ski-runn+ m]ely a pretty =m ( a?letics = ! few1 or is x a noble sport = ! p1 lead+ !m =? f /uffy h\ses & n>r[ roads to ! glories ( ! w9t] l&scape8 ,surely ! latt]2 & we w\ld r ! runn] sat on 8 pole at e hill & visit$ ! woods & m\nta9s ?an t he 0 ! clev]e/ p]=m] on ! practice gr\nd & w5t n[h]e else4 8,b10 x is said1 8if ! beg9n] accu/oms himself to run ) a /ick 9 8 h& he w be q helpless :5 he loses x or breaks x1 or :5 he wi%es to jump40 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 to "s ext5t true1 b ! case is n s bad z all t4 ,9 reality1 z above h9t$1 x is a good deal easi] to run )\t a /ick ?an ) "o aft] a c]ta9 /age has be5 rea*$2 our exp]i5ce is t ! m advanc$ pupil soon le>ns to appreciate ?is1 & t ! transition f /ick to no /ick is seldom difficult4 ,besides1 !re is no reason to c>ry matt]s to extremes & nev] to practise ) ! arms free4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?orwald ,,hans54 ,k+'s ,prizeman1 ,norway1 '#je4 ,photo by ,?4 ,?orkels54 ,our advice1 !n1 is3--,beg9 by c>ry+ a /ick 9 ! h&1 b use x only to ov]come a difficulty4 ,endeav\r to be z indep5d5t ( x z possible1 & practise sometimes )\t x4 ,%all ! ski-runn] use two /icks or "o8 & %all x or !y be furni%$ ) a basket arrangem5t at ! end 7see ,fig4 #ab78 ,^! are que/ions :i* h also be5 mu* discuss$1 & frequ5tly r unpr(itably4 ,we ?9k t x all dep5ds on circum/ances4 ,two light bamboos ) wick]-"w discs 7,norwegian ,tr9ds]7 at ! end are v s]viceable :5 "o has got beyond ! beg9n]'s /age4 ,!y help "o up hill & along ! level1 & d[n hill !y may be trail$ beh9d 9 ea* h&1 or on difficult gr\nd held toge!r & us$ z "o4 ,! discs are1 ( c\rse1 int5d$ to prev5t ! po9t p5etrat+ ! sn[ to too great a dep?--n to act z brakes4 ,b on v /eep & h>d m\nta9 sides :]e "o may f9d oneself--sometimes ) a precipice bel[--!y are f> f be+ a s\rce ( com=t4 ,on su* occasions "o pref]s to h a s+le /\t /aff1 :i* "o c ?ru/ deeply into ! sn[1 & :i* "o kn[s w n slip or break4 ,& 9 g5]al we h n f\nd two /icks to be ( mu* s]vice 9 ! high ,alps1 ?\gh = l[] excursions 9 ,switz]l& & 9 ! ,black ,=e/ & ev]y:]e 9 ,norway we pref] !m4 ,! novice1 h[ev]1 %\ld1 we ?9k1 beg9 ) a simple /aff ( good a% or o!r /rong wood1 )\t any disc at ! end4 ,he is sure to require to use 8 /ick to "s ext5t 7inde$1 we %all advise him l[] d[n to d s71 & he w\ld probably only break light d\ble /icks4 ,he %\ld get into ! habit ( hold+ 8 /ick 9 ei!r h&1 & %\ld beg9 to practise ) two z soon z he ?9ks he is f> en\gh advanc$ to d s4 ,9 *oos+ 8 /ick he w select "o ab\t z long z f ! gr\nd to ! top ( 8 %\ld]4 ,x %\ld be furni%$ ) a metal f]rule & a spike at ! l[] end1 & a broad lea!r loop at ! top = ! h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--;,disc = bottom ( ski /ick1 atta*$ by metal e>s4 ,/aub ( ,zri*'s patt]n4 ,! d\ble bamboo /icks %\ld also be ab\t z long z f ! gr\nd to ! %\ld]4 ,!y are be/ out f ! root end ( ! plant1 :]e x is /ronge/2 ! root also s]ves z a conv5i5t lump = ! h& to hold4 ,! discs are be/ atta*$ by a metal arrangem5t1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab1 & n by bor+ a hole 9 ! cane & pass+ a piece ( lea!r ?r\gh x1 z is common 9 ,norway4 ,! "o me?od holds = a long "t2 ! o!r breaks v soon4 ,,footge>4 ,?is is a v important "p ( a ski-runn]'s outfit1 & too mu* att5tion _c be paid to x4 ,nev]!less1 no?+ is common] 9 ,switz]l& ?an to see ! e>ly ef=ts ( beg9n]s enorm\sly h&icapp$ by unsuitable boots4 ,engli% ladies1 p>ticul>ly1 seem to f9d x difficult to make up _! m9ds to sp5d ! necess>y am\nt ( money on a suitable pair1 & usually appe> 9 ?91 high-heel$ %oes cov]$ by 8g\ties40 ,b ! acme ( ?\ghtlessness 0 9 our exp]i5ce a*iev$ by a man :o w5t out 9 pat5t-lea!r boots & op5work silk socks6 ,! consequ5ces 71 ( c\rse1 fro/-bite1 & he n>r[ly escap$ los+ a few toes4 ,a /rongly made1 wat]pro(1 l[-heel$ boot is a necessity1 & ) mo/ mod]n b9d+s ! sole %\ld be n less ?an half an in* ?ick4 ,x %\ld be roomy en\gh to p]mit ( at lea/ ?ree pairs ( extra ?ick socks be+ worn1 & !re %\ld be pl5ty ( room = ! toes to 8waggle40 ,) b9d+s su* z ,huitfeldt's x is bett] n to h ! toe cut too squ>e1 = a m or less w$ge-%ap$ end fits bett] into ! toe-irons4 ,9 ord] to resi/ ! pressure ( ! toe-/rap x is be/ to h ! lea!r extra ?ick 9 front4 ,! boot %\ld fit fairly tightly r\nd ! ankle & in/ep1 = reasonable firmness at ?is po9t does n int]f]e ) ! circulation1 & is ( value 9 prev5t+ spra9$ ankles & *af$ heels4 ,) ,ellefs5's b9d+1 :]e !re are no /raps across t "p ( ! foot1 ?is is ( special importance4 ,no?+ is ga9$ by we>+ a sloppy sort ( boot & subsequ5tly imprison+ ! foot 9 tight & n>r[ /raps4 ,! /ra9 ( mov+ ! ski has to be borne some:]e1 & x is be/ to di/ribute x ev5ly :]e x is lea/ felt4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! heel /raps slipp+ d[n x is /rongly advisable ) all ! b9d+s m5tion$ above 7except ! ,lili5feld7 to h a small /rong /rap & buckle sewn to ! heel ( ! boots4 ,! buckle %\ld po9t upw>ds1 & %\ld be fix$ q close4 ,! end ( ! /rap !n po9ts d[nw>ds1 & is useful z a sort ( %oehorn = pull+ on ! b9d+4 ,= ,switz]l& we w\ld advise ! addition ( a few nails to ! sole ( ! boot4 ,!y prev5t any slipp+ ab\t on icy places r\nd ! h\se1 & !y make all ! diff]5ce to "o's happ9ess 9 climb+ on foot ov] a pass1 or ! la/ few y>ds ( "s rocky & icy summit4 ,!y are n1 h[ev]1 to be recomm5d$ 9 ,norway1 :]e nobody we>s !m4 ,n b :at !re is pl5ty ( ice r\nd ! hotels & sanatoria !re1 b 9 t c\ntry cu/om is ev]y?+1 & x is bett] to be> ) a bump or two ?an to (f5d4 ,9 ! ,black ,=e/ ski boots are (t5 made ( dog or calf sk91 ) ! hair left on outside4 ,an inn] coat+ ( hair is (t5 add$1 b ?is we ?9k is a mi/ake1 z x is difficult to dry aft] use4 ,! ext]ior coat+ ( hair is1 h[ev]1 a great protection aga9/ cold4 ,x we>s out 9 c\rse ( "t1 & !n ! ?+ to d is to foll[ ! classical example ( ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews & buy ano!r pair4 ,arctic explor]s & o!rs :o g to v cold places are unanim\s z to ! virtues ( outside hair1 & v>i\s devices exi/ to enable ! runn] to fix a cov]+ ( x ov] 8 ord9>y boots4 ,^! inv5tions are1 h[ev]1 apt to be too bulky1 or to fill up ) sn[1 or to be cut by a nail$ boot1 & we _c recomm5d any we h se54 ,a v simple plan is1 h[ev]1 to nail a piece ( sk9 7or canvas-cov]$ felt7 to ! ski 9 front ( ! foot1 & to pass x betwe5 ! toe-/rap & ! boot4 ,x %\ld be wide en\gh & long en\gh to cov] ! toes1 b n1 ( c\rse1 s wide z to project & act z a brake4 ,?is little dodge helps to keep ! toes w>m1 n only by ! extra cov]+ :i* x af=ds1 b also by di/ribut+ ! pressure ( ! toe-/rap ov] a great] surface2 x also to "s ext5t prev5ts sn[ collect+ "u ! toes & =m+ an uncom=table lump !re4 ,boots %\ld be greas$ n[ & aga91 b 9 mod]ation1 = excessive greas+ is said to cause cold feet4 ,! boots %\ld be w>m$ 7) hot wat] or o!rwise7 be=e ! grease is appli$4 ,ca/or oil is excell5t = ?is purpose4 ,! be/ k9d ( socks to we> are v ?ick ones made ( goat's hair2 b n[adays !y are difficult to get4 ,9 ,norway s-call$ 8,ragge ,sokk]0 are no long] made ( pure mat]ial1 & ! mod]n imitation is h>% & uncom=table4 ,?ick wooll5 socks kn[n z 8,ladd]0 are n[ l>gely us$1 & a pair ( ^! ov] a good ord9>y sock are suffici5t = mo/ purposes4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 always advisable to take a dry pair 9 "o's rucksack1 =1 h[ev] wat]pro( "o's boots may be1 a consid]able am\nt ( moi/ure always accumulates inside !m4 ,?is is due to ! cond5sation ( p]spiration aga9/ ! cold out] surface ( ! boot1 & is mo/ dang]\s 9 v cold wea!r1 :5 ! lea!r freezes & its pores are *ok$ by ice4 ,:5 ?is occurs ! toe-/raps %\ld be loos$ & ! toes %\ld be kept mov+4 ,fro/-bite is v insidi\s1 & is frequ5tly q unnotic$ by ! suff]] till he rea*es home & x is too late4 ,! consequ5ces may be v s]i\s1 & x is impossible to be too mu* on "o's gu>d4 ,f ! above x w be se5 t !re is pl5ty ( room = improvem5t 9 ! ski-runn]'s footge>4 ,we recomm5d a ?ick "u-sock1 a pair ( good 8,ladd]10 a /\t boot1 fitt+ well ab\t ! ankle1 b ) pl5ty ( room at ! toes1 & a piece ( sk9 cov]+ ! toes & held 9 position by ! toe /rap4 ,b1 all ! same1 we frequ5tly suff] f cold feet1 & we wi% somebody w\ld inv5t some?+ bett]4 ,,o!r ,,clo!s4 ,o!r clo!s are ( m9or importance4 ,rememb] t ! season & ! sn[ are cold1 t ! latt] melts1 t ! ex]cise is at times v viol5t1 & !n y are n likely to try wad+ tr\s]s or an umbrella4 ,! be/ clo!s = ski-runn]s are1 p]haps1 knick]bock]s & a d\ble-brea/$ jacket4 ,*oose a mat]ial ( smoo? texture1 = woolly /uffs cat* ! sn[1 :i* soon =ms into icy lumps1 betray+ ! novice & melt+ unpleasantly 9 a w>m room4 ,all op5+s at ! neck1 sleeves1 knees1 & ankles mu/ h an arrangem5t to fit closely to keep out ! sn[1 :i* is apt to f9d its way 91 especially 9 ! e>li] /ages ( practice4 ,let ! cap1 or s(t felt hat1 be provid$ ) flaps1 to protect ! e>s 9 a %>p breeze4 ,! s-call$ ,/4 ,moritz cap is excell5tly adapt$ to ! purpose4 ,?ick wooll5 gloves1 long en\gh to rea* high above ! wri/1 are indisp5sable1 & a second pair ought to be 9 ! pocket z a *ange1 = wet gloves 9 a cold w9d are ! sure/ road to fro/-bite4 ,puttees are probably ! be/ means to %ut ! top ( ! boot & to cov] ! /ock+s4 ,"s sort ( w9d-jacket is necess>y 9 ! ,norwegian m\nta9s & else:]e :]e /rong w9ds prevail4 ,a capital "o is 9 use 9 ,au/ria4 ,x is made ( v ?9 oil-silk 9 ! =m ( a sort ( smock-frock1 ) a hood at ! back = ! head4 ,x weighs almo/ no?+1 & is w>m] ?an any sweat]4 ,) ?is & a pair ( tr\s]s ( ! same mat]ial "o may laugh at ! mo/ bit+ w9d t ev] blew1 & ! dang]s ( a night out become greatly m9imis$4 ,,accessories4 ,! ,r,,cksack--,norwegian ,rypesk--came orig9ally f ! ,tyrol1 & is by f> ! be/ means ( c>ry+ ?+s4 ,x %\ld be made ( /\t wat]pro( canvas1 & %\ld be provid$ ) broad %\ld]-/raps4 ,we advise ! novice to buy z good a "o z he c af=d2 he w f9d x useful = o!r ?+s besides ski-runn+4 ,,smok$ ,,glasses1 or "s su* device z t recomm5d$ bel[1 w g5]ally h to be worn above ! tree-l9e to protect ! eyes f sn[-bl9dness4 ,! precise nature ( ?is compla9t does n appe> to be und]/ood4 ,x appe>s to be m preval5t 9 "s c\ntries ?an 9 o!rs1 & is n1 we ?9k1 entirely a matt] ( int5sity ( light4 ,x seems1 = example1 to be m dang]\s 9 ! ,norwegian m\nta9s ?an 9 ,switz]l&4 ,l fro/-bite1 x is insidi\s1 & ! pati5t frequ5tly is n s]i\sly inconv5i5c$ till aft] ! damage is done4 ,"s p1 too1 are f> m susceptible to x ?an o!rs4 ,in/ead ( smok$ glass1 :i* is liable to become dimm$ by ! cond5sation ^u x ( moi/ure1 we pref] a simple oblong piece ( lea!r1 #f;94 long & ab\t #a;94 broad1 ) two oval-%ap$ holes 9 x opposite ! eyes1 say1 94 long by 94 broad2 a slit = ! nose to hold x 9 position1 & two pieces ( /r+ to b9d x r\nd ! head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,d]by%ire1 ,,novemb]1 '#jd4 ,photo by ,c4 ,r4 ,w+field4 ,! ,,wat]-,,bottle %\ld be ( suffici5t capacity2 "o to hold ab\t a litre is conv5i5t4 ,x %\ld be provid$ ) a felt cov]+ & a tight-fitt+ cork4 ,:at to put into x is a matt] ( *oice1 ?\gh mu* alcohol is n to be recomm5d$4 ,p]sonally we h giv5 up comp\nd+ dr9ks ( cold tea1 sug>1 & w9e1 = ! reason t !y are s nice t we dr9k m at a "t ?an we %\ld4 ,our companions1 too1 look at u ) su* long+ eyes t x is difficult to resi/ _! dumb appeal4 ,su* a wat]-bottle is soon empty4 ,pla9 sug> & wat] is n s nice1 b is v su/a9+1 ! sug> be+ v rapidly dige/$1 & a raw egg or two adds to ! value ( ! comp\nd4 ,dri$ prunes1 acidulat$ drops1 & o!r sweetmeats w be f\nd v pleasant on a ski t\r1 ev5 ?\gh "o nev] t\*es !m at o!r times4 ,l\is ,/ev5son has obs]v$ t ! hungri] a man is ! m he appreciates delicacies1 s d n let y\r lun*eon consi/ entirely ( pla9 beef s&wi*es4 ,rememb]1 too1 t x is bett] to eat little & (t5 ?an l>gely & all at once4 ,,"s ,,sort ,,( ,,repair+ ,,outfit & a sp>e ski tip %\ld always be tak5 ) "o4 ,!re are little light metal tips on ! m>ket made to fit ov] a brok5 ski :i* are v useful4 ,! k9d t fixes ) a screw is be/1 z ! o!r is apt to come (f4 ,if1 h[ev]1 "o has ! latt]1 a small screw-nail ?r\gh x w\ld keep x 9 place4 ,) "o ( ^! tips1 & ! means ( mak+ an improvis$ b9d+ ) a few screw eyes & nails1 a wa%] or two1 & "s /raps1 ! runn] %\ld be able to get home easily en\gh :]ev] 8 ski may break4 ,! read] mu/ use 8 +5uity 9 su* matt]s1 rememb]+ always t x is impossible to execute v elaborate repairs ) cold f+]s4 ,!re are o!r odds & ends m or less useful on t\r1 a description ( :i* w be f\nd 9 any deal]'s li/4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,te*nical4 ,,prelim9>y ,,advice4 ,we w\ld v /rongly recomm5d ! beg9n] to make 8 fir/ ef=ts on "s "o or o!r ( ! good sn[ conditions describ$ on pp4 #ba & #bb4 ,fre%ly fall5 deep sn[ is especially to be avoid$1 = n only does x af=d heavy & difficult go+1 b a fall 9 x is apt to be dang]\s4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 ! rev]se ( :at "o w\ld expect2 b :at happ5s is t ! ski s9k 9 deeply1 & 9 ! ev5t ( a fall !y are apt to /ick & spra9 ! ankle or knee4 ,! firm] ! sn[ ! bett] x is1 provid$ always t x be ( suffici5t dep? & t x be fair sn[1 & n ice-cru/4 ,all ?+s consid]$1 we w\ld advise ! beg9n] to le>n to g sl[ly be=e he le>ns to g fa/4 ,t is to say1 z soon z he c run /raight fairly well1 we w\ld h him le>n h[ to regulate 8 spe$ & /e] by means ( :at is kn[n z 8/emm+0 7see infra1 p4 #fi74 ,9 practis+ ?is movem5t he w at ! same "t le>n h[ to balance himself ) ! weight on "o foot1 a necess>y accompli%m5t2 =1 ?\gh 9 ski-runn+ bo? ski are usually kept on ! gr\nd1 ! weight is ne>ly always ma9ly on "o foot4 ,x is well to pause & try to appreciate ?is v important fact be=e read+ fur!r4 ,aft] he has le>nt some?+ ( /emm+1 & provid$ t he has foll[$ our in/ructions & us$ 8 pole z little z possible 7& !n only z we direct71 he %\ld n f9d mu* difficulty 9 acquir+ "s spe$ 9 glissad+4 ,he %\ld !n beg9 to take %ort t\rs (1 say1 an h\r or two's duration1 gradually l5g!n+ !m z 8 pr(ici5cy increases4 ,he %\ld :5 on t\r endeav\r to apply ! k :i* he has ga9$ on ! practice gr\nd1 & on ! practice gr\nd he %\ld try to ov]come ^? difficulties :i* he has enc\nt]$ on t\r4 ,!re is no s5se 9 keep+ on climb+ up & slid+ /raight d[n ! same easy hill2 yet su* is ! commone/ =m ( ski-+ at fa%ionable ,swiss w9t] resorts6 ,z soon z ! beg9n] c 8turn on ! spot10 run /raight fairly well1 & 8/em10 he c 7we d n say he %\ld7 g :]e he pleases4 ,he w1 h[ev]1 rema9 sl[ & awkw>d1 & he w miss a great deal ( ! beauty ( ! sport if he re/s cont5t ) ^! easy accompli%m5ts4 ,we tru/ t he w be ( a m ambiti\s disposition1 & t he w proce$ to ! ma/]y ( ! 8,s0 turn & ( ! 8,telem>k0 & 8,*ri/iania0 sw+s2 & we /rongly recomm5d him to le>n some?+ ( jump+1 n only on acc\nt ( ! amusem5t :i* he w c]ta9ly d]ive f x1 b because x is ! v be/ means ( ga9+ a good balance = ord9>y runn+4 ,x is ( ! greate/ importance to cultivate a fre$om & ela/icity ( movem5t & position4 ,! muscles %\ld be z /rong z iron1 b z flexible z rope4 ,! knees %\ld be pliant1 & %\ld act l ! spr+s ( a c>riage 9 relation to ! re/ ( ! body4 ,be wat*ful1 b c\rage\s1 & try h>d n to fall4 ,,lean ,,=w>d6 ,lean =w>d is ! wat*word ( ! ski-runn]1 & x is j z well to expla9 :at is meant by x be=e proce$+ fur!r4 ,place y\r ski p>allel1 "o ab\t a foot 9 front ( ! o!r1 & ?r[ ! body =w>d z mu* z possible2 "o ought to feel z if ab\t to fall on "o's nose4 ,to ! onlook] "o seems to be /&+ on ! entire sole ( ! foot1 b 9 reality all ! weight re/s on ! front "p & ! toes4 ,?us1 /& erect on ! ski1 ! knees a little b5t1 & !n lean =w>d )\t b5d+ any "p ( y\r body 7especially n ! region ( ! hips7 & )\t rais+ ! heel2 !n y ought to feel :at is meant4 ,nev] assume a position z if sitt+ d[n or ab\t to d s1 because t w\ld press d[n ! heel4 ,e violation ( ?is great rule ( lean+ =w>d is puni%$ by ! ski 8bolt+0 f "u "o4 ,,to ,,lift ,,! ,,po9t ,,( ,,! ,,ski4 ,to lift ! po9t ( ! ski seems a v simple matt]1 b x is at lea/ t5 to "o t ! novice w d x wrong4 ,press ! heel ( ! ski d[n on ! gr\nd ) y\r heel1 & lift ! po9t upw>ds ) y\r toe4 ,d n raise any "p ( y\r foot f ! ski4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,turn+ on ! ,spot4 ,to lift ! heel ( ! ski rev]se ! above4 ,"h x w n be possible to keep ! heel ( ! foot on ! heel ( ! ski1 b ! b9d+ w raise ! latt] f ! gr\nd to "s ext5t4 ,,turn+ ,,on ,,! ,,spot4 ,turn+ on ! spot is a puzzle to ! beg9n]1 ?\gh simple :5 %[n4 ,lift "o ski /raight to ! front 7see ,fig4 #ac 7#a771 putt+ ! heel end z f> away f y z y c1 !n turn x outw>ds & away f y sm>tly1 sw++ ! po9t "r r\nd & leav+ ! heel re/+ on ! sn[1 !n put x d[n1 po9t by heel1 alongside ( ! o!r ski4 ,?is twi/$ position 7,fig4 #ac 7#b77 is ! only difficulty1 b v few attempts w soon %[ t x is n s bad or cramp$ z x seem$ at fir/4 ,9 ?is position hold ! knees slightly b5t4 ,la/ly1 raise ! po9t ( ! o!r ski & sw+ x r\nd4 ,y w f9d x easi] to le>n ?is movem5t ) ! assi/ance ( y\r /ick1 :i* %\ld fir/ be held obliquely across ! body1 po9t+ 9 ! opposite direction to t 9 :i* y are turn+4 ,!n aft] assum+ position 7#b7 %ift x across z 9 7#c71 & la/ly sw+ r\nd ! o!r ski4 ,z soon z y are pr(ici5t ) ! help ( ! /ick practise )\t x--&1 ( c\rse1 bo? to "r & to left4 ,x is n necess>y to /& on ! sn[ 9 ord] to le>n ^! movem5ts4 ,! c>pet w d1 b remove all ,dresd5 *9a f ! imm$iate neighb\rhood4 ,,walk+ ,,) ,,ski ,,on ,,! ,,level4 ,walk+ ) ski on ! level diff]s f ord9>y walk+ or skat+ 9 ?is1 t "o mu/ n /rike out1 !re be+ no fulcrum or po9t ( resi/ance4 ,keep ! ski p>allel & z close toge!r z possible 7clos] ?an %[n 9 ! diagram71 = a n>r[ spoor has _m advantages1 besides be+ 8good =m40 ,?r[ ! weight ( ! body =w>d & slide on ! advanc$ leg2 ! 8h9d0 leg mu/ be absolutely dis5gag$--t is to say1 d n /rike out by try+ to press ! sn[ ) x4 ,beg9 ) long1 sl[ /eps1 lung+ =w>d ) b5t knee 7,fig4 #ad74 ,d n lift ! ski f ! gr\nd1 b slide along regul>ly & consci5ti\sly2 d n hurry or flurry1 b save y\r brea?4 ,9 "o's fir/ /eps "o mu/ specially cultivate precision1 slid+ =w>d ) ski exactly p>allel1 & di/ribut+ ! weight prop]ly4 ,lean =w>d6 slide6#g ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,on ! ,level4 ,! ski %\ld be kept clos] toge!r ?an %[n4 ,! clos] ! bett]4 ,a s+le /ick on ! level is ( b little s]vice1 b ) two /icks ! pace c be consid]ably increas$1 especially on a good firm surface4 ,bo? /icks %\ld be ?r[n =w>d simultane\sly1 & ! slide on ! advanc$ leg accel]at$ by a vigor\s pu% ) bo? arms4 ,:5 proce$+ 9 ?is way x is well to obs]ve "s k9d ( rhy?m2 &1 z ! sn[ is seldom slipp]y en\gh to admit ( a pu% at ea* /ep1 "o %\ld run1 = example1 "o1 two1 ?ree /eps 7sw++ ! /icks =w>d71 & !n pu% ) ! arms1 slid+ on1 say1 ! "r leg2 !n run "o1 two1 ?ree /eps & pu%1 slid+ on ! left leg1 & s on4 ,,up-,,hill4 ,to ! laity x is a matt] = wond] h[ x is possible to climb any consid]able hill at all on ski4 ,we rememb] well ! look ( polite incr$ulity :i* pass$ across ! face ( a m\nta9e]+ fri5d "s ye>s ago :5 we told him t a c]ta9 well-kn[n pass 9 ! ,alps _h be5 trav]s$ 9 w9t]4 ,he _h tri$ ski himself1 b _h made v little ( !m1 & ! pass 9 "q is a /iff "o to negotiate ev5 9 summ]4 ,b n[ long climbs on ski 9 w9t] h become s common t x is unnecess>y to pursue ! subject fur!r ?an to quote ! classical obs]vation ( ,olaus ,magnus1 8,!re exi/s no m\nta91 h[ev] high1 :i* by means ( cunn+ by-ways he 7! ski-runn]7 _c surm\nt40 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,/iff ,,climb4 ,photo by ,e4 ,c4 ,ri*>dson4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 well to obs]ve "h t "s ( ! acc\nts ( ! ease ) :i* "o c climb hills on ski h be5 exagg]at$4 ,9 r>e conditions ( p]fect sn[ "o may p]haps asc5d z quickly z 9 summ]1 b1 r\ghly speak+1 x may be said t ski are ab\t tw5ty-five p] c5t4 sl[] up-hill ?an boots4 ,we are "h1 ( c\rse1 speak+ ( climb+ a /eep m\nta9 :]e x is necess>y to zig-zag 7see infra71 & n ( walk+ /raight up a mod]ate slope4 ,moreov]1 :e!r we slide ! ski upw>ds 9 w9t] or :e!r we c>ry a correspond+ weight on our backs 9 summ]1 ! fact rema9s t "s #ajlb4 or s h to be rais$ s _m feet1 & we are h&icapp$ to t ext5t4 ,:]e ski really h ! advantage is aft] ! summit has be5 rea*$--( :i* m anon4 ,up to a c]ta9 degree ( /eepness 7v>y+ ) ! quality ( ! sn[7 !re is little or no diff]5ce betwe5 ! me?ods us$ = climb+ & = walk+ on ! level4 ,sn[ is n an absolutely slipp]y sub/ance1 & ! ski always adh]e to x to "s ext5t4 ,!re comes1 h[ev]1 v soon a po9t beyond :i* we c no long] slide z on ! level1 & %ortly aft]-w>ds ano!r1 :]e ! =ce ( gravity ov]comes ! 8/ick9ess0 ( ! sn[ & we beg9 to slip back4 ,^! po9ts are v diff]5t ) ! exp]t & ! beg9n]1 & ! =m] w slide easily /raight up a slope ^u :i* ! latt] w slip hopelessly4 ,9 asc5d+ a /eep incl9e ! art lies 7#a7 9 kn[+ 7& only exp]i5ce c tea* "o7 j h[ /eeply "o c g )\t a slip2 7#b7 9 ! correct plac+ ( ! ski 9 ! sn[2 & 7#c7 9 ! correct balanc+ ( ! body ^u ! ski :5 s plac$4 ,! correct plac+ ( ! ski is n a difficult matt]4 ,! secret lies 9 rais+ ! po9t ( ! ski 7see p4 #ec7 an in* or two f ! gr\nd & br++ x /raight d[n ) a firm /amp4 ,! /amp is at fir/ ne>ly always made too g5tly by ladies & too h>d by m54 ,imag9e y are crack+ a walnut--t w be ab\t "r4 ,rememb] t :]e ! foot is br\ght d[n !re x mu/ /op4 ,if x slips ev5 ! lea/ t9y bit y mu/ /amp aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;,climb+ a slope4--s ! fall ( ! slope2 t turn "h4 ,! %ad$ p>ts are ob/ructions 7rocks1 ?ick gr[?1 c474 ,next br+ ! weight =w>d z ev5ly z possible on to ! ski y h /amp$1 & advance ! o!r leg4 ,9 do+ s take ! greate/ c>e to balance ! weight ( ! body /raight ov] ! /amp$ ski2 lean nei!r backw>ds nor =w>ds1 or y are c]ta9 to slip4 ,9 hill-climb+ x is1 ( c\rse1 exp$i5t to g z /eeply z possible1 b ! beg9n] w f9d t x pays be/ to take ?+s easily at fir/1 z a s+le slip backw>ds is m exhau/+ ?an tw5ty /eps =w>ds4 ,to negotiate a /eep slope "o mu/ g across & upw>d at a conv5i5t angle1 mak+ a zig-zag track1 z an eng9e] w\ld plan a good m\nta9 road 7,fig4 #ae74 ,turn at ! corn]s z describ$1 p4 #ee1 & :5 s do+ rememb] to assume a safe /&+ position1 = a slip on a /eep slope may be att5d$ by unpleasant consequ5ces4 ,! correct position 9 :i* to /& be=e turn+ is cle>ly ) ! ski horizontally 9 space--t is to say1 at "r angles to ! direction ( ! gradi5t2 !n "o _c slip :ile engross$ 9 ! task4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--8;,h]r+-bon+40--,! figure is 9 ! act ( lift+ ! "r ski ov] ! heel ( ! left4 ,! light l9es are 8 tracks4 ,,note4--,sw+ ! body well1 z %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--;,hill climb+ sideways4--,us$ only on v /eep slopes4 ,! light l9es are old tracks4 ,! diagrams on page #ei %[ two o!r me?ods ( hill-climb+ :i* are *iefly useful = %ort slopes4 ,!y are bo? too fatigu+ to be employ$ = any l5g? ( "t4 ,a modification ( ! /yle %[n 9 ,fig4 #ag is1 h[ev]1 v useful1 especially on cru/$ sn[4 ,x consi/s 9 go+ =w>ds & upw>ds at ! same "t1 lift+ ! ski at e /ep4 ,?is is n s v tir+1 & may on a h>d surface be kept up = a consid]able l5g? ( "t )\t undue fatigue4 ,! track =m$ w appe> z "u4 ,illu/ration3 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ,x is important :5 proce$+ 9 ?is way to rememb]1 :5 lift+ ! upp] ski1 to raise its heel f ! sn[ 7see p4 #ee7 & place x well up-hill 9 a horizontal position4 ,mo/ beg9n]s move only ! front "p ( ! ski1 & place x 9 ! sn[ ) ! heel po9t+ d[n hill4 ,ev5 if ! upp] ski does n slip 9 ?is wrong position 7z usually happ5s71 ! l[] ski1 :5 x comes to be lift$1 is sure to be plac$ across ! heel ( ! upp] ski1 imprison+ x & prev5t+ ! next /ep be+ tak54 ,y are c]ta9 to make ?is mi/ake v frequ5tly at fir/1 & x w l& y 9 all sorts ( difficulties & entanglem5ts1 b d n =get t we w>n$ y aga9/ x4 ,a s+le /ick is n ( any v positive assi/ance up-hill1 ?\gh x has a negative value on v /eep gr\nd bo? 9 aid+ ! balance & 9 giv+ a feel+ ( security aga9/ slipp+4 ,9 trav]s+ a slope x %\ld be held across ! body ) ! po9t t\*+ ! sn[ on ! upp] side4 ,! beg9n] w also f9d x useful to assi/ him 9 ris+ to 8 feet aft] a fall4 ,he %\ld1 h[ev]1 entirely ab&on all idea ( pull+ himself up-hill ) 8 /ick2 to d s is q impossible4 ,balance is :at is requir$1 plus a little ?igh muscle1 :i* w come ) practice4 ,two /icks are1 h[ev]1 ( consid]able help1 especially on mod]ate slopes up :i* x is possible to g /raight4 ,!y %\ld be plac$ 9 ! sn[ alt]nately1 aft] ! mann] :i* nature dictates4 ,9 trav]s+ /eep gr\nd !y cease to be ( s]vice1 = ! l[] "o is n long en\gh to rea* ! slope bel[ "o's feet1 & ! upp] "o _c be us$ effectively on ! bank at "o's side4 ,"u su* circum/ances x is bett]1 & saf]1 to hold !m toge!r & to use !m z "o1 z describ$ above4 ,9 g5]al = long climbs x is be/ to g comp>atively sl[ly & to 8keep at x40 ,! spe$ ( a p>ty %\ld be t ( ! sl[e/ man4 ,if y happ5 to be t un=tunate individual1 don't lag beh9d if y c help x1 b don't hesitate to %\t to ! o!rs if !y are go+ too fa/ = y4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y are novices & p]si/ 9 ru%+1 sl[ d[n & g y\r own pace4 ,x is n at all improbable t if y g /eadily y may be ! fir/ at ! top1 aft] all2 b ev5 if y arrive tw5ty m9utes lat] ?an ! o!rs y are 9 no wise di%on\r$4 ,/rictly betwe5 ourselves1 we r l to be la/ man1 & to all[ our m en]getic fri5ds to g on ahead4 ,! la/ man has f> ! easie/ place on a newly made track1 & we d n ?ir/ = ! glory ( break+ ! sn[4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 a prop]ly organis$ p>ty %\ld keep toge!r1 & its memb]s %\ld take x 9 turns to g ahead4 ,x is 9 itself a pleasure to move /eadily upw>ds 9 ?is way1 ! ski & ! /icks keep+ "t1 & x makes ! way seem %ort] & easi] = ev]ybody4 ,"o conclud+ ^w ( advice may "h be giv54 ,eat y\r lun* "s little di/ance bel[ y\r int5d$ highe/ po9t4 ,! tops ( m\nta9s & passes are apt to be draughty1 &1 besides1 x is mu* bett] to beg9 ! run d[n :5 ! muscles are w>m & supple ?an to wait till aft] !y h turn$ cold & /iff f sitt+ ab\t4 ,,glid+ ,,d[n4 ,glid+ d[n is ! *>act]i/ic "p ( ski-runn+1 z di/9ct f ! use ( patt5s1 ,canadian sn[-%oes1 c4 ,x is ! rew>d reap$ aft] ! lab\rs ( ! climb4 ,! asc5t is1 inde$1 a /ruggle aga9/ gravity1 b ! desc5t is ! highe/ advantage t any physical ex]cise c safely d]ive f t]re/rial attraction4 ,let u imag9e ourselves on ! top ( "s long ,norwegian m\nta9 ready = ! plunge4 ,!re is a cle> c\rse betwe5 ! /eep rocks ne> ! top1 & an op5 run across ! glaci] bel[ to ! t]m9al mora9e a mile (f4 ,we c see e y>d ( ! way1 & all is fair go+1 yet we feel j ! m]e/ t+e ( n]v\sness1 = ! incl9e is /eep1 & looks /eep] ?an x is4 ,b !re is really no dang]1 s x is ov] ! edge & (f6 ,9 an in/ant all fe>s are left beh9d1 = n[ balance & quickness ( eye are to be put to ! te/1 & ! w9d is :i/l+ & ! sn[ du/ spurt+4 ,we :iz pa/ ! rocks & ov] a few inequalities1 negotiat$ "h by a spr+ & a flight ( a few y>ds ?r\gh ! air & !re by a comp5sat+ yield+ ( ! knees4 ,n[ we ru% out on to ! smoo? surface ( ! glaci]1 :]e !re is no j> & no vibration4 ,our feet seem to h vani%$1 & we lean1 z x 71 9 space1 ) ! ice-w9d press$ aga9/ u4 ,!re is no m ne$ = balanc+1 & no ?\ght ( fall+1 s ev5 is ! motion & s tru/wor?y ! sn[4 ,smoo?ly our wood5 w+s be> u onw>ds1 & ! furlongs lie beh9d6 ,b ! end approa*es1 ! slope becomes less /eep1 ! pace slack5s1 & pres5tly we glide g5tly up ! opposite slope ( ! mora9e & turn to wat* our companions4 ,su* is ! be/ picture we c give y ( a good /raight glissade on ski2 b !re is n ! slighte/ reason1 fri5d novice1 :y y y\rself %\ld n enjoy ! reality ere long4 ,y mu/1 h[ev]1 le>n to walk be=e y c run1 & we w\ld h y make y\r fir/ attempts on "s q easy slope1 remov$ if possible f ! public gaze4 ,a few ob/acles1 su* z trees1 scatt]$ ab\t d n matt]1 z y are n 9 ! lea/ likely to run into !m1 & !y s]ve to accu/om ! eye to _! pres5ce4 ,if possible1 let !re be a gradual outrun at ! bottom ( ! hill4 ,practise !re a:ile1 & z soon z y c run d[n )\t a fall move on some:]e else to a place :]e ! gr\nd is /eep] & m unev54 ,to />t on /eep gr\nd is a little difficult at fir/4 ,/& horizontally to ! direction ( ! slope4 ,!n z quickly z possible lift r\nd fir/ ! l[] & !n ! upp] ski4 ,lean =w>d & (f6 ,if y are quick & lean =w>d1 ! ski w n bolt f "u y2 if y are sl[ & hang back1 !y w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,glid+ on ski4--#a4 ,correct position2 #b & #c4 ,dang]\s & incorrect4 ,! correct position = desc5d+ a hill is t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah 7#a7 above4 ,keep ! ski p>allel & z close toge!r z y c 7t\*+ if possible71 advance "o foot ab\t twelve in*es1 & let ! ma9 weight ( ! body re/ on ! ball ( ! 8h9d0 foot2 feel y\r way1 s to speak1 ) ! front foot4 ,lean =w>d4 ,b5d ! knees slightly1 & be z free & z ela/ic ab\t !m z possible4 ,practise ) ei!r foot lead+4 ,avoid any affect$ & ridicul\s pose4 ,d n1 = example1 if y are runn+ )\t a /ick1 hold ! arms /raight out f ! body z ?\gh y 7 walk+ a tight-rope4 ,to d s may slightly assi/ ! balance1 b y _c run l ?is ) a /ick 9 y\r h&1 & x is f> bett] n to get into bad habits4 ,no4 #c 9 ! diagram 7p4 #fc7 is a v common attitude1 b x is z bad z bad c be4 ,! wide spoor is a cause ( in/ability1 ! extreme b5d+ ( ! knee is a s\rce ( weakness1 & !re is a v fair *ance ( ! runn] 7if he falls =w>d7 knock+ out 8 front tee? aga9/ 8 /ick4 ,hold t article cle> ( ! gr\nd 9 a safe position z %[n 7,no4 #a1 p4 #fc71 & practise sometimes )\t x4 ,above all ?+s1 d n lean backw>ds on to ! pole1 = ! consequ5ce ( s do+ is t ! upp] "p ( ! body is ret>d$ 9 its spe$1 &1 be+ ?us left fur!r & fur!r beh9d1 a spill on lumpy gr\nd becomes inevitable4 ,!re is a "r way ( us+ ! pole = brak+ & turn+1 :i* w be expla9$ fur!r on1 b until "s little skill 9 simple /raight glissad+ is ga9$ x is be/ n to tr\ble ab\t ?is4 ,we /rongly advise y 9 ! mean:ile n to use ! /ick at all1 b1 = reasons previ\sly /at$ 7see pp4 #dd & #de71 to practise ) x held 9 ! h& cle> ( ! gr\nd4 ,d\ble /icks %\ld be held up "o 9 ea* h& or trail$ beh9d4 ,! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah 7#a7 is ! safe/ position = runn+ ov] unbrok5 sn[1 = by advanc+ ! foot "o l5g!ns ! runn+ surface & s glides m easily ov] any inequalities1 & by hold+ ! ski toge!r "o is less di/urb$ by any lat]al irregul>ities4 ,b on an icy road x w be f\nd easi] to run ) ! feet m level & some:at ap>t1 = !re ano!r di/urb+ factor1 side slip1 comes into play4 ,s1 aga91 :5 *anges ( ! sn['s surface are likely to occur1 caus+ ! ski at "o "t to run freely & at ano!r to /ick1 x w be f\nd bett] to cr\* close d[n to ! gr\nd1 = by do+ s "o l[]s ! c5tre ( gravity1 & is less likely to be pit*$ =w>d :5 ent]+ ! sl[ sn[4 ,& !re w be o!r occasions :5 ! runn] w f9d x necess>y to m or less modify ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah 7#a74 ,nev]!less1 ?is attitude may safely be consid]$ ! normal "o = desc5d+ hills on ski1 & ! beg9n] is recomm5d$ to /udy x c>efully1 & to adh]e to x z closely z circum/ances w p]mit4 ,,fall+ ,,& ,,gett+ ,,up4 ,z to ! =m]1 we beg to (f] ,mr4 ,pun*'s advice to ^? ab\t to m>ry--8don't40 ,e ski-runn] falls m or less1 ! beg9n] v mu*1 ! exp]t v r>ely4 ,b mo/ novices are apt to ?r[ !mselves d[n f> (t5] ?an !re is any occasion =4 ,d n1 !re=e1 give up simply because y lose y\r balance a little2 v frequ5tly if y try h>d y w be able to keep upright4 ,if y make up y\r m9d to 8/&0 d[n a difficult hill1 ! *ances are t y w succe$ 9 do+ s2 b if y are n]v\s & hang back1 y are almo/ c]ta9 to come to grief4 ,x is specially true ( ski-runn+ t =tune fav\rs ! brave4 ,:51 h[ev]1 a fall _c be avoid$1 we w\ld advise y1 if possible1 to ca/ y\rself d[n sideways & backw>ds2 b if ! :ole affair is beyond y\r control1 !n relax e muscle 9 y\r body & let y\rself g4 ,make no attempt to save y\rself or /op roll+4 ,!n !re w be no snapp+ ( t5se s9ews4 ,y w g5]ally f9d out ! easie/ way ( gett+ up = y\rself1 b two little artifices may "h be m5tion$4 ,"o is to get on to ! back ( y\r ski 9 deep sn[2 & ! o!r is to br+ ! ski bel[ y on a /eep slope & to place !m at "r angles to ! gradi5t be=e attempt+ to rise4 ,,slight ,,*anges ,,( ,,direction4 ,slight *anges ( direction c be made by lean+ ! body a little ?is way or t4 ,?is is v easy1 & requires no explanation4 8,,skat+40 ,ano!r way ( /e]+ is to lift "o ( ! ski & place x d[n 9 ! direction 9 :i* "o wi%es to g1 at ! same "t /rik+ out ) ! o!r foot z 9 skat+4 ,?is accompli%m5t is n exactly pretty1 b x is v useful4 ,"o c ?us help ! ski r\nd a b5d 9 a road or ?read "o's way d[n a g5tle slope among/ trees )\t los+ spe$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 impossible to execute a v rapid turn 9 ?is mann]4 ,a good way ( practis+ 8skat+0 is to d a sort ( 8inside edge0 on any firm surface 7e4g41 a sn[-cov]$ lake7 on ! level4 ,"o /rikes out ) ! ski 9 ! same mann] z ) skates on ice4 ,,brak+ ,,) ,,! ,,/ick4 ,?is me?od ( controll+ ! spe$ has be5 ! subject ( a good deal ( discussion4 ,! objections to x are 7#a7 t x is a less p[]ful me?od ?an any ( ! o!rs to be m5tion$ lat] on2 7#b7 t x requires great] /r5g?2 7#c7 t ! /ick is liable to break & leave ! runn] helpless2 7#d7 t its con/ant use is conducive to a bad /yle ( runn+1 spoil+ ! balance1 & mak+ ! le>n+ ( ! o!r movem5ts m difficult4 ,nev]!less1 we d\bt :e!r ev5 ! clev]e/ novice w be able to /op quickly by means ( ! 8,telem>k0 or 8,*ri/iania0 sw+s = at lea/ a mon? or two1 & mo/ p w take f> long] to le>n to d !m ev5 mod]ately well4 ,h[1 !n1 are ! poor ?+s to manage 9 ! meantime8 8,by sn[-pl\gh+ & by /emm+10 y reply4 ,c]ta9ly1 b ! fact is t ) ^! me?ods :5 no /ick is us$ x is q impossible1 :5 travell+ v fa/1 to /op sudd5ly1 ?\gh ) ! help ( ! /ick x is easy to d s4 ,b we w "h g a /ep fur!r & ass]t t !re are places & conditions ( sn[ :]e ! use ( ! /ick becomes imp]ative ev5 to ! exp]t1 z1 = example1 :5 trav]s+ a /eep & cru/$ slope ) a precipice bel[ x4 ,we propose !re=e1 to deal ) ! prop] way ( manag+ x be=e proce$+ fur!r4 ,! important ?+ to rememb] 9 us+ ! /ick is to hold x q %ort1 & z f> 9 front z possible4 ,d n let x drag beh9d4 ,! accompany+ diagrams illu/rate a "r & a wrong me?od4 ,note t 9 7#a7 ! left =e>m & h& ( ! runn] %\ld re/ aga9/ ! inside ( ! %9 ( 8 left 7advanc$7 leg4 ,! left h& s]ves z a fulcrum1 ! long end ( ! lev] be+ held 9 ! "r4 ,consid]able p[] may be obta9$ 9 ?is mann]1 b x is n always feasible on lumpy gr\nd4 ,y mu/ use y\r own judgm5t z to :5 to employ x1 be>+ 9 m9d ! above pr9ciple4 ,b1 above all ?+s1 d n assume ! position depict$ 9 7#b74 ,"h1 ev5 ?\gh ! entire weight ( ! body re/s on ! /ick1 its brak+ value 7ow+ to ! angle at :i* x t\*es ! sn[7 is v slight4 ,9 ?is position ! ski gradually slide fur!r & fur!r ahead1 leav+ ! /ick1 ) ! runn] cl++ to x1 fur!r & fur!r beh9d2 all balance & all control are lo/1 & z soon z a little inequality is met ) a spill occurs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--;,brak+ ) ! /ick4--#a4 ,a "r way2 #b4 ,a wrong way4 ,!re exi/s a way ( sitt+ ) ! ?igh on ! pole 7n ) ! junction ( ! legs7 = brak+ on n>r[1 /eep1 & icy roads1 :]e all o!r means are simply out ( ! "q 7see ,fig4 #bj72 & = ! successful execution ( ?is manuvre x is necess>y to note ! foll[+ po9ts v c>efully4 ,assum+ "o wi%es to sit on ! left ?igh1 !n ! left h& grasps ! end ( ! pole :i* protrudes bel[4 ,let ?is h& be close to ! seat1 & let ! "p ( ! /ick betwe5 h& & po9t be z %ort z possible4 ,! "r h& re/s on ! "r knee1 & seizes ! upp] end ( ! pole4 ,?is is important1 = x is ! use ( ! knee z a support = ! upp] h& :i* gives rigidity to ! :ole arrangem5t & all[s "o to hold out ov] long di/ances4 ,! leg--! "o on :i* "o sits 79 ! example to ! left7--is /ret*$ out 9 front1 & by %ift+ ! weight f ! ski to ! po9t ( ! pole "o c /op in/antly1 ev5 on cle> ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--;,correct /ick rid+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,sn[ pl\gh+4 ,%[+ a me?od ( us+ ! /ick4 ,,sn[-,,pl\gh+4 ,we n[ come to a bett] me?od ( /opp+ & brak+4 ,sn[-pl\gh+ is us$ = r$uc+ ! pace & /opp+ :5 runn+ /raight d[n4 ,9 pr9ciple x is v simple1 & x is q easy to le>n4 ,! heels ( ! ski are press$ ap>t1 & ! toes held toge!r1 by :i* means a ,v-%ap$ k9d ( pl\gh is =m$1 ! friction ( :i* aga9/ ! sn[ causes "o to /op4 ,! wid] ! angle ( ! ,v ! great]1 ( c\rse1 w be ! brak+ p[]4 ,! weight is di/ribut$ ev5ly betwe5 ! two ski1 & :5 ! sn[ is h>d bo? are turn$ slightly on to _! inn] edges4 ,:5 ! sn[ is s(t x is be/ to hold !m flat4 ,! me?od is p>ticul>ly s]viceable on a h>d road1 & "u su* conditions1 ev5 :5 travell+ fa/1 x c be employ$ q sudd5ly )\t fe> ( accid5ts4 ,b on s(t sn[ any attempt to use x :5 runn+ fa/ w result 9 ! ski cross+ & a fall =w>ds4 ,"u su* conditions nobody has /r5g? en\gh to hold ! ski ap>t4 ,"o mu/ accord+ly /op 7by "s o!r means7 & !n1 if "o wi%es to proce$ sl[ly1 place ! ski 9 ! ,v-%ap$ position & re/>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,reconnoitr+4 ,half-way up ,piz ,ni]4 ,photo by ,e4 ,c4 ,ri*>dson4 ,! /ick is a useful adjunct to sn[-pl\gh+1 & ,fig4 #ba %[s a s]viceable way ( hold+ x4 ,,side-,,slipp+4 ,on v /eep slopes1 especially if su* be icy1 x is sometimes necess>y to slip d[n sideways4 ,?is is simply accompli%$ by hold+ ! ski at "r angles to ! fall ( ! slope & keep+ !m flat on ! sn[ 7or ice-cru/7 in/ead ( edg+ !m4 ,! /ick is held 9 ! sn[ above ! runn]1 & assi/s him 9 pres]v+ 8 balance1 = ! motion is necess>ily some:at irregul>4 ,side-slipp+ is1 h[ev]1 no?+ b a me?od ( desc5d+ a dang]\s slope :]e sn[-pl\gh+1 8/emm+10 c4 7see infra71 are out ( ! "q4 ,x is n amus+ or pretty1 b m]ely occasionally useful4 ,,/emm+4 ,/emm+ is ak9 to sn[-pl\gh+1 & by "s ,g]man writ]s ! /emm+ position is t]m$ ! half-sn[-pl\gh position4 ,x is a mo/ valuable way ( r$uc+ ! spe$ :5 trav]s+ a slope :i* "o does n desire to1 or _c1 desc5d /raight1 & x is also ( great s]vice = turn+ & /opp+ "u all circum/ances4 ,:il/ ( anci5t orig9 & kn[n to all good ,norwegian runn]s1 /emm+ is b little us$ 9 ,norway4 ,! *ief reasons = ?is are t ! gr\nd 9 t c\ntry is n 9 g5]al /eep en\gh to necessitate trav]s+1 & t mo/ ,norwegians are f e>ly *ildhood famili> ) ! m difficult ,telem>k & ,*ri/iania sw+s4 ,on ! ,cont95t1 h[ev]1 ! gr\nd is usually /eep] & ! skill ( ! runn] less1 & !re /emm+ has be5 f\nd to be v useful4 ,we h no hesitation 9 recomm5d+ ! beg9n] to le>n x at ?is /age if he wants to t\r z soon z possible1 & ev5tually to become a good all-r\nd ski-runn]4 ,at ,lili5feld1 a small village ne> ,vi5na1 /emm+ 0 hit ^u1 q indep5d5tly1 by a ,h]r ,zd>sky 7an ,au/rian g5tleman to :om we h already ref]r$71 :o turn$ a philosophical m9d to its sci5tific developm5t4 ,! description :i* we give ( x is practically ! same z t giv5 9 8 book4 ,h]r ,zd>sky recomm5ds ! use ( 8 own special b9d+1 & employs a %orti%1 smoo?-bottom$ ski ) a bluff entrance4 ,we h f\nd1 h[ev]1 t ! movem5ts c be made ) any good firm b9d+ & ) any ski1 ?\gh !y are und\bt$ly easi]1 bo? to le>n & to accompli%1 on a flat-bottom$ %ort ski1 ?an on a relatively long & groov$ ski4 7,see p4 #cb47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--,/emm+4 ,9 le>n+ /emm+ "o di/+ui%es betwe5 ! 8glid]0 7! slid+ ski7 & ! 8brak]0 7! /emm+ ski74 ,on a hillside ! glid] is ! upp] ( ! two4 ,! glid] mu/ po9t 9 ! direction 9 :i* "o wi%es to g4 ,! l[] ski1 ! brak]1 is kept a little beh9d ! o!r1 s z to prev5t ! glid] cross+ x1 & is held 9 ! position %[n 9 ! above diagram 7,fig4 #bb74 ,9 ord] to ensure smoo? & accurate progress x is highly important to rememb] to keep bo? ski flat on ! sn[4 ,beg9 by runn+ obliquely across & d[n a good /eep slope 9 ?is position1 keep+ all ! weight ( ! body on ! glid]1 & m]ely bru%+ ! sn[ lightly ) ! brak]4 ,*oose a gradi5t ( suffici5t /eepness to keep y mov+ at a rate (1 say1 ?ree or f\r miles an h\r1 & endeav\r to run smoo?ly & to keep 9 a /raight l9e4 ,9 practis+ ?is y w discov] t by press+ m or less on ! brak] y c turn up-hill1 /op1 or g sl[1 j z y please4 ,we accord+ly =mulate directions = s do+4 ,,to ,,turn ,,up-,,hill4--,press lightly on ! brak]1 edg+ x into ! sn[4 ,,to ,,/op4--,press h>d1 & turn ! body up-hill4 ,y w f9d y\rself come r\nd ) a sw+4 ,?is me?od ( /opp+ c1 ( c\rse1 be us$ any:]e--e4g41 on ! level aft] runn+ /raight d[n1 :]e1 if "o wi%es to /op by 7say7 a turn to ! "r1 "o /ems ) ! left ski1 at ! same "t turn+ ! body to ! "r4 ,,to ,,slightly ,,r$uce ,,! ,,spe$4--,press a little on ! brak] )\t alt]+ y\r direction4 ,practise ^! ?ree ?+s pati5tly1 con/antly rememb]+ ! injunctions3 ,glid] flat6 ,weight on glid]6 7or on brak]1 to /op67 ,lean =w>d6 ,heels ap>t6 ,po9ts toge!r6 7:i* latt] means t "o mu/ keep ! tip ( ! brak] close to ! side ( ! glid]1 & ab\t a foot beh9d its tip74 ,on h>d sn[ bo? ski w h to be edg$ s z to af=d a grip on ! imp5etrable surface & to prev5t side-slip4 ,& betwe5 ! extremes ( ! s(te/ & ! h>de/ sn[ ! runn] w discov] _m in/ances :]e he may h to edge ! brak] a little :ile go+4 ,b let him1 all ! same1 int]pret ^! rem>ks z absolutely z he c1 & always try h>d to hold ! ski z flat z possible4 ,practise on /eep gr\nd1 because !re mi/akes are m easily discov]$1 & ! correct way soon proclaims its advantages4 ,fig4 #bc illu/rates ! prop] position = ! ski 9 /emm+4 ,! arr[ 8s0 is ! fall ( ! slope1 = ! read] is look+ /raight at ! m\nta92 8d0 is ! direction 9 :i* ! runn] wi%es to g obliquely across ?is slope4 ,?is direction is on ! :ole t ( ! glid] 8g40 ,! brak] 8b0 bru%es ! sn[ ) its entire l5g?1 ?us produc+ a broad track1 ! direct evid5ce ( ! brak+ p[]--i4e41 friction4 ,!re=e1 weight (f ! brak] = go+1 on = /opp+4 ,! /eep] ! slope ! wid] mu/ be ! angle =m$ by ! two ski4 ,! little circle 8p0 %[s :]eab\ts ! po9t ( ! pole %\ld be--t is1 a little beh9d ! upp] foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--,position = ! ski 9 /emm+4 ,! pole may be us$ to facilitate balance :5 execut+ ^! movem5ts1 its po9t lightly furr[+ ! sn[4 ,x w also be f\nd to consid]ably assi/ a sudd5 /op1 = by press+ x into ! gr\nd & ?r[+ all ! weight on to ! brak] ! glid] becomes entirely dis5gag$1 & !re is less *ance ( its cross+ ! brak]1 z is o!rwise apt to happ5 :5 runn+ v fa/4 ,hold ! pole fairly %ort1 d n lean back on x1 & d n use x m ?an is really necess>y4 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,d[n-,,hill ,,curve4 ,! =ego+ section gave ! beg9n] directions = turn+ quickly up-hill1 b h[ %all he1 :5 cross+ a /eep slope1 turn quickly d[n-hill &1 )\t /opp+1 cont9ue 8 trav]se 9 ! opposite direction8 ,to d ?is is evid5tly a mo/ valuable accompli%m5t1 = if ! runn] _c a*ieve x he is oblig$ at ! end ( 8 trav]se to /op & turn z describ$ on p4 #ee be=e he c />t (f aga9 on ! o!r tack4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,a circul> curve to ! left4 7,o repres5ts ! pole47 ,?is is ! fall ( ! ,slope4 #a4--,y are com+ obliquely f above1 9 ! direction ( ! arr[ 8d40 ,fir/ give a vigor\s /em ) ! l[] ski 8b40 ,!n #b4--,let y\r body s9k =w>d to ! left2 pull heels m ap>t4 #c4--,n[ y are look+ /raight d[n ! slope4 ,j be=e ?is mom5t y _h "t to *ange y\r /ick ov]4 ,bo? ski flat4 ,weight on ski ne>e/ ?is pr9t4 ,note ! position = ! pole4 #d4--;,com+ into /emm+ 8"r40 #e4--;,done4 ,cont9u+ y\r way /emm+ 8"r40 ,"h is ! easie/ way to le>n4 ,fir/ r$uce ! spe$ by a vigor\s 8/em10 tak+ c>e n to turn up-hill 9 s do+4 ,!n1 keep+ bo? ski rigidly flat & hold+ ! heels f> ap>t & ! po9ts ( ! ski close toge!r1 turn ! body d[n-hill4 ,,lean ,,=w>d1 ,,& ,,?r[ ,,all ,,! ,,weight ,,on ,,to ,,! ,,outside 7,,l[]7 ,,ski4 ,y w !n1 if y h foll[$ ^! directions 9 e p>ticul>1 come r\nd ) a delightful swi% & f9d y\rself />t+ (f com=tably 9 ! o!r direction4 ,*ange ! /ick to ! o!r side ( ! body :5 ab\t half r\nd1 because at t in/ant "o is almo/ /ation>y = half a second or s4 ,! m "o pulls ! heels ap>t ! %ort] & neat] ! curve w be4 ,if success does n foll[1 x is due to "s mi/ake1 su* z n lean+ =w>d 7"o w !n sit d[n71 or edg+ ! ski 7!y cat* 9 ! sn[ & ov]?r[ ! runn]71 or n te>+ ! heels suffici5tly ap>t & ?r[+ ! weight on to ! l[] ski 7:i* causes "o to g (f at a tang5t in/ead ( complet+ ! arc74 ,! words ( comm& = ! curve are1 !n3 ,lean =w>d6 ,ski flat6 ,heels ap>t6 ,weight on ! l[] ski6 ,! diagrams pp4 #gc & #ge %\ld be ( assi/ance 9 enabl+ ! beg9n] to und]/& :at is meant4 ,on a really /eep hill x requires a consid]able am\nt ( n]ve to make up "o's m9d to plunge = an in/ant headlong d[nw>ds4 ,"o's natural incl9ation is to hang back & lean inw>ds1 b ?is is precisely :at "o mu/ n d4 ,! /ick w be f\nd to be ( consid]able assi/ance 9 mak+ ?is curve1 a little t\* ) x 9 ! sn[ j z "o is com+ r\nd be+ a great help to ! balance4 ,:5 %ift+ x across z above describ$1 hold x r %ort & place x 9 ! sn[ well 9 front ( y4 ,?is w assi/ y 9 lean+ =w>d4 ,d n1 h[ev]1 attempt to sp9 r\nd lean+ on x2 to d s ?r[s ! weight inside1 :i* is q fatal4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 p]fectly possible to make ! turn )\t a /ick at all1 b to d s is difficult on v /eep gr\nd4 ,practise on a mod]ate slope to beg9 )2 :5 y become pr(ici5t move on to /eep] & yet /eep] places2 b1 ( c\rse1 look out = avalan*es6 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--,positions #a-e arrang$ on a curve4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be rememb]$ t 9 nature ! movem5ts foll[ s closely t ! ski on ! draw+ w\ld h to ov]lap4 ,! sweep ( a well-made curve cle>s a semi-lun> space ) a wall ( sn[ at its l[] rim4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,%[s ?is4 ,com+ d[n a long & complicat$ slope "o jo9s "o curve to ano!r )\t a break1 ?us dodg+ ! trees & rocks4 ,on a /eep incl9e1 if !re are ob/acles 9 ! way ( a /raight desc5t1 ! ,s-track1 z x is call$1 af=ds a safe r$uction ( spe$ & a prolongation ( ! pleasurable slide4 ,! ski-runn] :o has rea*$ ?is /age enjoys himself :]ev] !re is sn[1 ev5 if !re be little ( x1 = he c circumv5t ! pat*es :]e x has melt$ away4 ,! photograph on ! opposite page %[s :at c be done aft] a s+le w9t]'s pati5t practice4 ,x is a 8snake-l9e0 made 9 ! w9t] ( #aijc by "o ( ! writ]s ( ?is *apt]1 & by no means an accompli%m5t requir+ m ?an ord9>y skill or tal5t4 ,! slope 9 "q desc5ds f ,alp ,l>et1 ne> ,/4 ,moritz1 to ! valley 9 :i* lies ! _w-fam$ ,cre/a toboggan run4 ,! gradi5t is betwe5 #dj deg4 & #ej deg4 7#ee deg4 to #fj deg4 ne> ! top71 & ! v]tical di/ance f top to bottom am\nts to exactly #cjj metres 7#a1jjj;ft474 ,! small avalan*e ab\t ! middle 0 />t$ by ! ski ( ! runn]1 & ! m>ks & rema9s ( old] avalan*es on ! left give suffici5t te/imony z to ! /eepness ( ! spot4 ,! l5g? ( ! run mu/ be at lea/ half a mile1 & ! entire di/ance 0 cov]$ )\t a s+le fall or /umble4 ,may ! beg9n] draw ! prop] conclusion3 t :]e !re's a w !re's a way1 & t bo? 9 ?is case are )9 ! rea* ( ! ord9>y individual :o c walk1 r[1 %oot1 ride1 play t5nis1 cricket1 or football4 ,:at is x t makes ! vot>y ( ! sl5d] plank c\nt ! %ort5+ days1 & greet ) boyi% glee ! sl[ly fall+ flakes8 ,:at makes him tremble ) excitem5t at ! sight ( ! :it5+ hills8 ,x is ! memory ( pa/ delights1 ! impati5ce to ta/e !m aga94 ,he sees himself on ! top ( ! m\nta94 ,f 8 feet a vi/a ( /ately firs on a slope ( dazzl+ :ite /ret*es away into ! valley a ?\s& feet bel[4 ,above1 ! cle> blue sky4 ,(f he goes6 ,= t5 m9utes ! swi% ( ! spurt+ sn[ is sweet music to 8 e>s2 = t5 m9utes he scorns ! so>+ albatross1 z he feels himself buoy$ by ! fea!r+ ski1 sway+ f curve to curve4 ,! excitem5t ( ! />t has left him1 & ?\gh t5 m9utes may seem a %ort "t he enjoys !m to ! full1 = he is calm1 & glides easily1 )\t a %[ ( /r5g?1 )\t ef=t or /ra94 ,he feels ! mighty p[] ( ! ru%1 ! liv+ =ce :i* is ga!r+ z he flies1 :i* drives him along1 b :i* is nev]!less "u 8 absolute control4 ,he toys ) ! weight t impels him2 by small movem5ts ( 8 ski he /e]s & directs ! en]gy )94 ,he c make ! sn[ yield l wat]1 or resi/ l /eel4 ,he is swung f turn to turn1 irresi/ibly1 b ) safe & /ately motion1 by ! =ce :i* he comm&s2 he feels himself rock+ s(tly1 l ! petrel on ! waves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,snake ,,( ,,l>et4 ,photo by ,w4 ,r4 ,rickm]s4 ,!n comes ! end2 ! /ream at ! bottom is ne>4 ,a sudd5 twi/2 a swirl+ cl\d ( :ite1 &1 z ! cry/als settle glitt]+ 9 ! sun1 !re "o sees him firm & erect1 ! rul] ( ! m\nta91 ! ma/] ( ! sn[ & ski6 ,,! 8,,telem>k0 ,,sw+4 ,we n[ come to o!r m rapid1 m brilliant1 & m difficult me?ods ( turn+ & com+ to a sudd5 /&/ill4 ,! /emm+ turn c h>dly be p]=m$ quickly :5 runn+ v fa/ )\t ! aid ( ! /ick1 especially :5 long groov$ ski are us$4 ,b ) ! 8,telem>k0 & 8,*ri/iania0 sw+s1 ab\t to be describ$1 a good runn] c /op sudd5ly almo/ any:]e :5 travell+ mu* fa/]4 ,x is inde$ a wor?y sight to see su* a "o come sail+ pa/1 8 e s9ew z pliable & /rong z ! good a% b5ea? 8 feet1 yield+ to ea* dip1 z a sm>t rac+ vessel yields to ! waves4 ,tw5ty-five miles an h\r he is travell+1 & n a furlong less4 ,to /op sudd5ly at su* a spe$ seems impossible4 ,b1 swi%6 & he is r\nd z easily & z quickly z y c read ^! words4 ,h[ 0 x done8 ,x 0 all s rapid y c\ld n foll[4 ,y saw a little s9k+ on "o knee--p]haps n ev5 t4 ,! sn[ hid ne>ly ev]y?+4 ,y slide up to our fri5d & ask him to %[ y :at he did4 ,he w be mo/ polite & mo/ anxi\s = y to le>n--especially if he be a ,norwegian1 z w almo/ c]ta9ly prove to be ! fact4 ,y w be %[n j h[ to place y\r feet1 & j h[ to b5d ! knees1 & j h[ to lean ! body4 ,& y w />t (f & fail hopelessly aga9 & aga94 ,by & by1 h[ev]1 especially if y\r tea*] be an intellig5t man :o has _h previ\s exp]i5ce ) beg9n]s1 y w beg9 to und]/& ! knack ( ! movem5t1 & by ! end ( ! aft]noon y %\ld be rew>d$ by "s measure ( success4 ,b p]haps y may n be =tunate en\gh to meet ) su* a runn]1 or1 :at is by no means improbable1 x may be t1 ?\gh a clev] p]=m] on ski1 he is n a good in/ructor4 ,he makes ! sw+1 b kn[s n himself h[ he does x4 ,& small blame to him1 = h[ _m p tr\ble to analyse ! ?+s !y h le>nt z *ildr58 ,we v5ture to (f] our s]vices4 ,b is x possible to le>n ^! subtle manuvres f a book8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly x is2 b y mu/ ei!r take x ) y into ! field1 or else 7:at is z good1 or bett]7 h "s prelim9>y practice 9 y\r b$-room1 :]e y w h only y\r look+-glass = an audi5ce1 & no small boy 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood to po9t ! f+] ( scorn4 ,if y d ?is1 we are sure t y w le>n v quickly1 or if y fail1 !n our in/ructions mu/ be wrong4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y simply glance ?r\gh :at we h writt5 )\t mak+ practical exp]im5ts1 book 9 h&1 we c accept no responsibility4 ,^! turns are really n at all h>d to make fairly well1 :i* is all t we c pret5d to tea*2 b to make !m ) c]ta9ty requires long practice4 ,& t is1 ( c\rse1 entirely y\r own affair4 ,we propose to deal ) ! 8,telem>k0 fir/--n because x is easi] or m useful1 = 9 ?is respect !re is little to *oose betwe5 !m1 b because x is cu/om>y to d s4 ,besides1 ! ,telem>k is a mu* pretti] sw+ ?an ! 8,*ri/iania10 & x w make a great] impression on y\r admir+ fri5ds %\ld y be s lucky z to succe$ 9 mak+ "o :5 %[+ (f4 ,y w n f9d y\r /ick 7on :i* we tru/ y are n 9 ! habit ( rid+7 ( ! slighte/ assi/ance to y 9 le>n+ ei!r ( ^! sw+s4 ,x may help y a little to make ! ,*ri/iania once y h acquir$ ! knack ( x1 b we are v d\btful ev5 ab\t t1 & we /rongly advise t f n[ on y d n use x at all4 ,hold x 9 y\r h&1 except :5 jump+1 z previ\sly recomm5d$ 7p4 #de71 b make no attempt to use x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--,! ,telem>k sw+4 ,ea* ( ^! sw+s c be made 9 two directions--to "r or to left2 & ea* has its special use = special occasions4 ,ap>t1 !re=e1 f be+ a graceful accompli%m5t & f ! excell5t practice x af=ds1 x is ( consid]able practical value to be able to make all f\r ( !m4 ,nev]!less1 mo/ p are cont5t ) "o ( ea* k9d--a ,telem>k to ! left & a ,*ri/iania to ! "r--:i* enables !m "u ord9>y conditions to turn 9 ei!r direction )\t *ang+ ! foot 7see infra74 ,b ! be/ runn]s c make all f\r sw+s1 & we recomm5d y to emulate _! example4 ,! ,telem>k sw+ is easie/ 9 loose sn[1 :]e !re is little side slip4 ,we f9d x r easi] on ! level ?an ! ,*ri/iania 7e4g41 to /op aft] mak+ a jump71 b x is m difficult to make quickly on a hillside1 & 9 g5]al x is n q s rapid z ! ,*ri/iania4 ,fig4 #bg 7a7 %[s ! position 9 :i* ! body & limbs are held ?r\gh\t a ,telem>k sw+ to ! left4 ,x is conv5i5t to call ?is position ! ,telem>k position4 ,fig4 #bg 7b7 %[s ! position :i* ! ski assume aft] ! sw+ is ov]4 ,! foll[+ directions are = mak+ a ,telem>k sw+ to ! left4 ,! directions = mak+ a ,telem>k sw+ to ! "r are id5tically ! same1 sub/itut+ left = "r & "r = left ?r\gh\t4 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,telem>k ,,sw+ ,,to ,,! ,,left4--7a7 ,f ! normal position = runn+ d[n 7see p4 #fc7 advance ! "r ski till ! "r ankle is opposite ! b5d ( ! left ski4 ,raise ! heel ( ! left foot (f ! left ski1 b5d ! left knee1 & ?r[ all ! weight =w>d on to ! "r foot4 7,?is is :at we mean by 8! ,telem>k position407 7b7 ,place ! "r ski slightly on its left edge & turn & lean ! :ole body to ! left4 ,if ^! directions are correctly c>ri$ out1 ! runn] w come r\nd ) a sweep1 ! %>pness ( :i* w dep5d ^u ! =ce ) :i* he turns 8 body z advis$ 9 7b74 ,an excell5t way ( le>n+ ?is turn is to practise runn+ /raight d[n hill 9 ! ,telem>k position4 ,note especially to raise ! heel ( ! left foot z %[n4 ,?is is highly important1 & is1 9 fact1 ! key to ! :ole affair1 = if ! runn] raises 8 heel he is almo/ compell$ to ?r[ ! weight =w>d on to ! "r foot1 & if he c once succe$ 9 do+ ?is ev]y?+ else is comp>atively easy4 ,s rememb] to raise ! heel ( ! left foot & to kneel well d[n on ! left ski4 ,cultivate z n>r[ a spoor z possible1 & z soon z y c run /raight l ?is at a mod]ate spe$ try turn+ ! body ev] su* a little4 ,look ! way y wi% to g4 ,y w be delight$ to discov] :at a small am\nt ( turn+ w cause y to come r\nd v quickly4 ,to comp5sate = ! c5trifugal =ce ex]cis$ by ! turn on ! upp] "p ( ! body1 y w h to lean inw>ds2 9 fact1 aft] y beg9 to get ! knack ( ! ?+1 y are pretty c]ta9 to be ?r[n outw>ds once or twice4 ,b d n tr\ble ab\t t too mu*2 d n at fir/ make any consci\s ef=t to lean inw>ds1 or y w probably fall 9 t direction2 y w v soon beg9 to comp5sate = ! outw>d ?r[ q unconsci\sly4 ,d n try to turn too quickly :5 le>n+1 b r take matt]s easily2 spe$ w come by & by--9 :i* connection note t bo? ! 8,telem>k0 & ! 8,*ri/iania0 are sw+s & n j]ks1 & t1 h[ev] rapidly !y be p]=m$1 ! body %\ld be turn$ cresc5do & n 7to cont9ue ! music metaphor7 s=z&o4 ,ano!r capital way ( practis+ is to /& on "s level space at ! edge ( a /eep hill 9 ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg 7a7 & !n to slip ov] ! edge & in/antly to beg9 to sw+4 ,?is me?od w all[ y to practise a great numb] ( sw+s 9 a %ort "t )\t ! tr\ble ( walk+ a long way up-hill 9 ord] to ga9 spe$4 ,! foll[+ diagram %[s graphically h[ to d s3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--;,a ,c ,b is ! edge ( a /eep slope fall+ 9 ! direction ( ! arr[4 ,/& at ! po9t ,c4 ,slip ov] ! edge1 & at once make a sw+ to ! left1 /opp+ at ,e4 ,walk up ! dott$ l9e to ,o1 turn 7see p4 #ee7 & return to ,c4 ,!n make a sw+ to ! "r1 /opp+ at ,d1 & return+ to ,c via ,l4 ,next1 run a little fur!r d[n1 & sw+ to ,g1 c41 c4 ,9 ?is mann] ! difficulty ( ! sw+ is gradually increas$4 ,! 8,telem>k0 sw+ c also be us$ to make d[n-hill turns 9 ! mann] describ$ above1 p4 #gb1 & ! pr9ciples !re giv5 hold good "h1 except t ! 8,telem>k0 position1 in/ead ( ! /emm+ position1 is held ?r\gh\t4 ,a succession ( ,s turns made 9 ?is way looks v pretty1 b on a v /eep hill _! execution becomes r unc]ta91 = ! sn[1 unless p]fect1 is apt to slip irregul>ly1 & ) a true 8,telem>k0 ! /ick is no use to help matt]s out4 ,we h f\nd1 h[ev]1 t a sort ( half-/emm+1 half-8,telem>k0 position plus a little /ick is useful 9 induc+ long ski to come r\nd4 ,,! 8,,*ri/iania0 ,,sw+4 ,! 8,*ri/iania0 sw+ diff]s mat]ially f ! 8,telem>k0 sw+ 9 ?is1 t 9 mak+ x ! normal position ( ! ski is reta9$1 & ! turn is effect$ 9 ! direction ( ! advanc$ foot--t is to say1 to ! "r if ! "r foot is lead+1 & to ! left ) ! left foot 9 front4 ,x is easie/ on h>d sn[ & on /eep hills1 :]e ! ski are liable to skid1 on :i* gr\nd ! 8,telem>k0 is especially difficult4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--,! ,*ri/iania sw+4 ,! t]m 8,*ri/iania0 sw+ = ?is movem5t appe>s to be a misnom]4 ,= we are assur$ on v high au?ority t x 0 9 common use 9 ,telem>k5 long be=e ! inhabitants ( ! capital acquir$ any skill 9 ! art ( ski-runn+4 ,we are incl9$ to suspect t ! "n is ( ,cont95tal orig91 =1 ?\gh we practis$ ! 8,*ri/iania0 ye>s ago 9 ,norway1 we nev] !re he>d x call$ by any o!r "n ?an 8,telem>k+40 ,be ?is1 h[ev]1 z x may1 ! turn 9 "q is a p]fectly di/9ct "o1 & well des]ves a "n ( its own1 &1 z x is kn[n all ov] ,switz]l&1 ,g]many1 & ,au/ria z ! 8,*ri/iania10 we h n d>$ to take ^u u to alt] ! "n4 ,besides be+ easi] 9 %all[ sn[ & on hillsides ?an ! ,telem>k1 ! ,*ri/iania is consid]ably ! m rapid sw+ ( ! two1 & a skilful runn] c by means ( x /op sudd5ly :5 travell+ at almo/ any spe$4 ,fig4 #bi %[s ! position :i* ! ski usually assume aft] a sw+ to ! "r is ov]1 b diagrams are1 9 describ+ ?is turn1 ( v little value1 = ! great secret ( success is to endeav\r to hold ! ski 9 ! normal position 7see p4 #fc7 ?r\gh\t4 ,"h are =mal directions = mak+ ! sw+ to ! "r4 ,to make x to ! left all t is necess>y is to sub/itute left = "r & "r = left ?r\gh\t4 ,,to ,,make ,a 8,,*ri/iania0 ,,sw+ ,,to ,,! ,,"r3--7a7 hold ! ski 9 ! normal position 7see p4 #fc71 press ! feet close toge!r & di/ribute ! weight ev5ly on bo? ski4 ,b5d bo? knees a little4 7b7 ,g5tly sw+ ! :ole body1 b especially ! region ab\t ! hips1 r\nd to ! "r1 at ! same "t lean+ 9 t direction1 ?r[+ ! weight on to ! heels & edg+ bo? ski4 ,y w1 :5 y h ma/]$ ! knack ( ! movem5t1 be a/oni%$ h[ quickly y w come r\nd4 ,! ski w assume ! position above %[n1 & ! weight w ( itself fall almo/ entirely on to ! "r foot4 ,?is latt] fact acc\nts1 we believe1 = ! directions commonly giv5 = mak+ ?is turn--viz41 to sw+ almo/ entirely on ! inn] 7"h ! "r7 foot & to place ! ski z %[n4 ,?is 0 also ! description giv5 9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is book1 b a clos] analysis & m exp]i5ce 9 tea*+ h induc$ u to alt] x4 ,we h f\nd t any consci\s ef=t to sw+ on ! "r foot & to place ! ski 9 ! position %[n inv>iably results 9 ! left ski ru%+ (f at a tang5t4 ,to avoid ?is x is necess>y to press ! ski tightly toge!r ?r\gh\t & to beg9 ! turn ) ! weight ev5ly di/ribut$ on bo?4 ,beg9n]s w f9d t ! great difficulty 9 ?is sw+ is to get x />t$4 ,x involves a peculi> k9d ( cat* ( ! back "p ( ! ski 9 ! sn[1 :i* is v difficult to expla94 ,p]haps x w assi/ y to arrive at ! sort ( 8feel0 ( ! movem5t if y place a *air 9 front ( y & !n 7/&+ be=e x 9 ! normal position1 & )\t mov+ ! feet7 endeav\r to sit d[n on x4 ,9 ?is turn also ! precepts giv5 above z to sw++ easily & n j]k+1 & leav+ ! lean inw>ds to take c>e ( itself1 apply4 ,x may also be practis$ aft] ! mann] %[n 9 ,fig4 #bh4 ,z a sub/itute = /emm+ a little ( ! sw+ is v useful = brak+ :5 trav]s+ a /eep slope4 ,to practise ?is select a /eep hill & run /raight = a %ort di/ance obliquely d[n & across x2 !n make a little ( ! sw+1 r$uc+ ! pace2 !n run /raight aga92 & s on4 ,?is is also a v good way ( le>n+ ! turn itself4 ,!re seems to be no reason :y "o %\ld n make ,s turns by means ( ! 8,*ri/iania0 sw+1 ?\gh to d s mu/ be r difficult4 ,9 ord] to save "t 9 *ang+ ! foot1 skilful runn]s :5 ?read+ _! way ?r\gh a wood 7= example7 usually make _! turns by ! 8,telem>k0 = "o direction & ! 8,*ri/iania0 = ! o!r4 ,9 ! above description we h advis$ ! beg9n] to le>n ! 8,*ri/iania0 sw+ 9 ! normal position ) "o foot lead+1 b x c also be made ) ! feet p]fectly level4 ,we well rememb] our delight & a/oni%m5t on "o occasion :5 we saw a fir/-class ,norwegian runn]1 aft] mak+ a #gj;ft4 jump1 & :5 travell+ at a great spe$1 avoid collid+ ) a fri5d & two trees by mak+ ) wond]ful rapidity ?ree 8,*ri/iania0 sw+s--left1 "r1 & left4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 o!r ways ( comb9+ ^! v>i\s me?ods ( turn+ :i* an exp]t employs q unconsci\sly4 ,inde$1 x is highly probable t y\r ,norwegian fri5ds w nev] ev5 h he>d ( a 8,/emm+ turn0 or a 8,*ri/iania sw+10 any m ?an a ,s\? ,sea isl&] has he>d ( a v]b or an adjective4 ,?is does n1 h[ev]1 prev5t ! ,norwegian f be+ an exp]t on ski or ! col\r$ g5tleman f be+ a flu5t speak]4 ,nor has x any be>+ on ! fact t y z a =eign] w f9d a gramm> ( assi/ance 9 le>n+ ,kanaka4 ,x is our hope t ! classification we h adopt$ may simil>ly prove ( assi/ance to y 9 becom+ a pr(ici5t ski-runn]4 ,,jump+4 ,by ,e4 ,c4 ,,ri*>dson4 ,s _m /range & p]v]t$ ideas prevail 9 ,engl& & on ! ,cont95t z to :at ski-jump+ is1 t x is1 p]haps1 excusable to beg9 by m5tion+ a few ( ! ?+s :i* x is n4 ,to beg9 )1 !re are p :o ?9k t ski are a sort ( sev5-league boots on :i* "o may fly across ! sn[ planes z fa/ z an express tra91 jump+ any m9or ob/acles1 su* z h\ses or trees1 :i* happ5 to be 9 ! way4 ,?is is n s4 ,f\r or five miles p] h\r is v good go+ on ! level1 & x is impossible to jump upw>ds f ! level ov] any?+ high] ?an a small gooseb]ry bu%4 ,aga91 "o frequ5tly he>s t ,norwegians are born on ski1 & jump be=e !y c walk2 b1 ?\gh ! writ] ( ?is article has made e inquiry1 he has1 s f>1 fail$ to au!nticate a s+le case 9 po9t4 ,! tru? is t ,norwegians ( all ages are fond ( ski-runn+ & jump+1 b1 ow+ to su* ?+s z ! melt+ ( ! sn[ 9 summ]1 extreme y\? & old age1 bus9ess & ! l1 only a comp>atively small numb] are wor?y to be call$ real exp]ts4 ,fur!r1 x is n ! fact t a special ex]cise place1 ) an elaborately built take-(f1 is ess5tial4 ,on mo/ hills x is possible to build1 9 a few m9utes1 a jump :i* w give ent]ta9m5t bo? to ! skilful & unskilful2 & x frequ5tly happ5s 9 ! c\rse ( a t\r t a little natural drop pres5ts itself1 f :i* "o may skim ?r\gh ! air = sev]al y>ds be=e aga9 t\*+ ! sn[4 ,true t 9 ,norway hills are specially prep>$ & elaborate take(fs built1 b ^! are *iefly us$ = competitions1 :]e long & difficult leaps & spectacul> effect are requir$4 ,x _c be too /rongly insi/$ t ! sport is :olly indep5d5t ( su* ?+s1 & t1 :il/ ! jump af=ds by f> ! be/ means ( judg+ ! skill ( a ski-runn]1 its enjoym5t is by no means dep5d5t on elaborate con/ruction or m]e competition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,solb]g ,,hill4 ,a successful leap4 ,! jump]'s cap ?r[n (f 9 flight may be se5 beh9d him4 ,photo by ,d4 ,m4 ,m4 ,*ri*ton ,som]ville4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--,! ,solb]g ,hill 7ne> ,*ri/iania47 ,metres4 ,l5g? f />t 7,a7 to take (f 7,b7 #hb ,l5g? f take-(f to bottom ( hill #hj ---- ,toge!r #afb ,fall f ,a to ,b #bc ,fall f ,b to bottom #cb ---- ,toge!r #ee ,! /eepness ( ! hill 9 degrees is m>k$ bel[ ! outl9e4 ,l o!r great sports1 ski-jump+ calls =? ! qualities ( c\rage1 skill1 & endurance2 a good jump] mu/ h a cool head1 a quick eye1 &1 above all1 a nice s5se ( balance2 b1 giv5 ^! ?+s1 x is op5 to all to succe$ 9 "s measure1 be !y old or "y1 born ne> ! nor? pole or ! equator4 ,^! misappreh5sions hav+ be5 remov$1 x is exp$i5t to give a detail$ description ( :at ski-jump+ really is1 detail$ in/ructions foll[+ lat]4 ,y\r att5tion is direct$ to ,fig4 #cj1 p4 #hg4 ,?is repres5ts ! section ( an exceptionally suitable hill4 ,! jump] />ts f ! po9t ,a1 & slides d[n to ,b1 :]e he leaps4 ,! impetus ga9$ f 8 j\rney f ,a to ,b1 c\pl$ ) ! leap1 s5ds him l a cannon ball ?r\gh ! air to ,c1 :]e he alights1 & cont9ues 8 c\rse to ,d4 ,"h he usually /ops himself by a ,telem>k or ,*ri/iania sw+4 ,! di/ance f ,b to ,c is ! measure ( ! l5g? ( ! jump1 :i* may be any?+ up to #acd;ft4 7! record to #aijc71 accord+ to ! condition ( ! sn[2 %ape1 l5g?1 & /eepness ( ! hill2 & ! skill ( ! p]=m]4#h ,x w be se5 f ?is t ! jump is n a jump up1 b a jump d[n2 & x c readily be guess$ t ! difficulty lies n s mu* 9 atta9+ great l5g? z 9 reta9+ an upright position on alight+4 ,x takes consid]able practice to make a jump ( #aj;ft4 & /&1 :il/ anybody1 provid$ ! hill be suffici5tly /eep1 c jump #ajj;ft4 & fall4 ,=m]ly1 9 ,norway1 ! take-(f us$ to be s plac$ t ! jump] alight$ on ! level1 in/ead ( on ! hill side1 &1 at fir/ sight1 su* an arrangem5t might be ?\ght to make matt]s easi]4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 v f> f be+ ! case4 ,a jump ( any?+ ov] a few y>ds on ! level involves a consid]able %ock on alight+1 :i* is n only unpleasant1 b r5d]s 8/&+0 a mu* m difficult matt]1 :il/1 9 ! ev5t ( a fall1 s]i\s injuries may result4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a jump d[nhill is att5d$ by little or no %ock on alight+1 :i* makes 8/&+0 mu* easi]1 & fall+ no?+ m s]i\s1 9 ! va/ majority ( cases1 ?an a long roly-poly1 brok5 by ! sn[4 ,assum+1 !n1 t ! slope & sn[ are suitable1 ! *ief requisites to success are a s5se ( balance & great d>+4 ,! bold]1 almo/ ra%]1 "o is1 ! bett]4 ,! outlook f ! top ( a ski-jump ( any magnitude is inde$ al>m+2 = note t ! slope above ! take-(f is usually1 & prop]ly1 less /eep ?an t bel[2 & ?is means t a man ( ord9>y /ature /&+ at ! po9t ,a 7see diagram7 sees no?+ ( ! slope ,b ,c1 & 8 s5sations1 at lea/ at fir/1 are z ( "o ab\t to laun* himself into a va/ abyss4 ,! dang] is1 h[ev]1 v l>gely imag9>y1 & a bold1 coolly-calculat$ spr+ va/ly increases ! *ances ( /&+4 ,b to proce$ f ^! g5]al rem>ks to details4 ,! ski us$ = jump+ %\ld be suit$ to ! runn] 9 accordance ) ! table giv5 7p4 #cd74 ,x is n easy to jump on ski %ort] ?an ?is1 b !y may v well be a trifle long]4 ,!y %\ld be r on ! heavy side1 s z n to flutt] ab\t 9 ! air1 & 9 ord] to )/& ! /ra9 to :i* !y are put on l&+4 ,any good firm b9d+ may be us$ :i* p]mits ( v]tical control ov] ! ski4 ,no o!r special equipm5t is necess>y4 ,! be/ sn[ = jump+ is t :i* has be5 d[n = "s days1 & :i* has be5 trodd5 by ski into a fairly firm mass4 ,! temp]ature ( ! air %\ld be bel[ freez+ po9t4 ,on su* a surface ! ski w glide swiftly & at an ev5 rate ( spe$1 s9k+ 9 ab\t an in* or s--i4e41 suffici5tly to avoid side-slip4 ,/icky sn[ is dang]\s1 = ! reason t x is apt to occasion a na/y fall =w>ds1 due to ! *eck+ ( ! ski on alight+4 ,= a simil> reason1 v deep s(t sn[ is to be avoid$1 b x %\ld be not$ t fre%ly fall5 sn[ w (t5 cease to /ick aft] x has be5 trodd5 d[n1 especially %\ld ! temp]ature ( ! air be l[4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,select ,,& ,,prep>e ,,! ,,hill4 ,z above m5tion$1 we frequ5tly come across natural jumps :5 on t\r :i* require little or no prep>ation4 ,on mo/ hill-sides !re are places :]e sudd5 little dips occur4 ,give a kick or two ) ! ski j bel[ su* a dip1 s z to make ! /ep 7see ,b1 ,fig4 #cj7 m pron\nc$1 & scrape toge!r a little sn[ on ! top ( x to raise x some:at4 ,!n ) half a m9ute's /amp+ ab\t ! spot :]e y int5d to alight y\r prep>ations w be complete4 ,or1 aga91 a /one ly+ on a /eep hill-side may be press$ into s]vice aft] ! mann] %[n bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--,spraet hop1 made by pil+ sn[ above a /one ly+ on ! hill-side4 ,c>e mu/1 ( c\rse1 be tak5 t ! top ( ! /one be cov]$ ) sn[4 ,?is sort ( jump1 ! po9t ( :i* turns upw>ds1 is call$ a spraet hop 9 ,norwegian4 ,x has ! effect ( ?r[+ ! runn] high into ! air & is excell5t practice4 ,edges ( cornices 7n1 ( c\rse1 l>ge1 dang]\s ones71 /umps ( trees1 buri$ f5ces1 c41 c41 c (t5 be us$ = take-(fs1 & ! runn] :5 on t\r %\ld keep 8 eyes op5 = su*1 z !y cause v amus+ v>iations to ord9>y go+4 ,b1 ?\gh :5 a little skill has be5 acquir$ "o %\ld practice on all sorts & k9ds ( places1 x is probably be/ to beg9 on some?+ v easy1 9 ord] to ga9 confid5ce4 ,*oose1 !n1 a good /eep hill ) a fair out-run at ! bottom4 ,! gradi5t %\ld be n less ?an #bj degrees1 b if x be /eep]1 all ! bett]4 ,x is a great mi/ake to beg9 on too g5tle a slope2 a /eep hill is f> easi] & f> saf]4 ,if y c f9d a hill ) a little dip 9 x1 well2 b1 if n1 nev] m9d4 ,fir/ select ! place = build+ y\r take-(f4 ,?is w usually be at ! edge ( ! dip1 suppos+ y h f\nd "o4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! slope bel[ ?is po9t is less ?an ab\t d\ble ! l5g? ( jump y contemplate1 or1 say1 #bj y>ds 9 all1 y mu/ place ! take-(f some:at back f ! extreme edge1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cj4 ,b v likely y may n be able to f9d any suitable hill ) a dip 9 x4 ,nev] m9d2 a smoo? hill w d q z well1 or p]haps at fir/ ev5 bett]4 ,*oose a po9t on x #bj y>ds or s above ! bottom1 & build a long take-(f !re 9 ! %ape %[n bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--;,a long take-(f built on a smoo? hill4 ,?is is ! =m ( hill on :i* y %\ld practise = "s "t4 ,d n at fir/ let !re be too mu* *ange betwe5 ! slope ( ! take-(f & ( ! hill bel[1 = ! great] ?is diff]5ce ! m difficult w be ! jump4 ,9 *oos+ a hill x is1 ( c\rse1 desirable to select "o z smoo? & free f difficulties z possible4 ,9 ,nature1 h[ev]1 su* are seldom to be f\nd1 & "o g5]ally has to be cont5t ) some?+ less p]fect4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 to be not$ t smoo?ness ( surface & regul>ity ( sn[1 :il/ ev]y:]e desirable1 are ( special importance = a di/ance ( t5 y>ds above ! spot select$ = ! take-(f1 & = ab\t a simil> l5g? bel[ ! po9t ( alight+4 ,s1 hav+ *os5 y\r hill1 /& d[n x once or twice to asc]ta9 ! be/ lie = ! track4 ,!n /amp ! sn[ well d[n ) y\r ski at ! two important places above m5tion$1 mak+ lanes d[n !m ab\t n9e feet broad1 & fill+ up any holl[s ) good firm sn[4 ,!n con/ruct ! take-(f4 ,?is may conv5i5tly be done by mak+ a little f5ce ( tree bran*es to ! height ( a foot or s1 at "r angles to ! track1 & !n fill+ up ! space above !m ) lay]s ( sn[ & m tree bran*es plac$ flat4 ,! /ructure %\ld be made z firm z possible1 especially at ! edge1 & x %\ld comb9e ) ! hill above x1 s z n to leave any sudd5 angle at ! jo94 ,beg9 ) q a little drop--ab\t #a;ft4 %\ld be suffici5t--& z soon z y c 8/&0 ov] t build high] & high]4 ,x is n necess>y = practice to make a v wide take-(f--#b;ft4 or #c;ft4 %\ld be amply suffici5t4 ,& 9 g5]al d n wa/e valuable "t :i* might be sp5t 9 jump+ 9 build+ a v elaborate affair4 ,! case is1 ( c\rse1 q diff]5t if ! hill is int5d$ = a competition4 ,9 ?is ev5t too mu* c>e _c be tak5 to give e competitor an equal *ance4 ,fig4 #cj %[s an outl9e ( ! ,solb]g jump+ hill1 ne> ,*ri/iania1 :i* may be tak5 z an example ( :at a hill ought to be4 ,! sn[ on a competition hill %\ld be ?or\ghly /amp$ d[n ) ski "s h\rs be=e ! int5d$ jump+4 ,! take-(f %\ld be #c or #d y>ds wide1 & !re %\ld be pl5ty ( m5 bo? above & bel[ ! take-(f arm$ ) rakes to keep ! sn[ 9 ord]4 ,! spectators %\ld n be all[$ to approa* too closely to ! track4 ,! illu/rations opposite pp4 #i & #hg %[ h[ ?is is arrang$ 9 ,norway4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,jump4 ,fir/ /udy closely ! figures 9 ! diagram 7,fig4 #cc71 !n read ! foll[+ in/ructions1 ref]r+ back f "t to "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,%[+ position ( limbs & body :5 jump+4 ,n4,b4--,_m good ski-runn]s br+ _! ski q level :5 assum+ ! cr\*$ position be=e jump+4 ,! ski are omitt$ = ! sake ( cle>ness4 ,,! ,,approa*4 ,imag9e y\rself1 !n1 /&+ "s #bj or #cj y>ds above ! take-(f4 7,! precise di/ance w1 ( c\rse1 dep5d on ! /eepness ( ! hill & ! spe$ :i* y wi% to atta92 b z reg>ds spe$ d n attempt too mu* at fir/2 x is difficult1 ( c\rse1 to give an exact measure1 b a rate ( ab\t #e y>ds p] second :5 approa*+ ! edge ( ! jump %\ld be suffici5t to beg9 )47 ,see t y\r ski-fa/5+s are 9 ord]1 & poli% y\r ski a little on ! sn[1 or on "s fir bran*es or o!r twigs1 to remove any lumps adh]+ to ! bottom ( !m4 ,be altoge!r )\t fe>1 & />t4 ,hold ! ski close toge!r1 ) "o ( !m some:at 9 advance--say1 ) ! heel ( ! "o foot ab\t 9 l9e ) ! toe ( ! o!r4 ,ab\t #ae y>ds or s be=e rea*+ ! edge ( ! take-(f b5d d[n1 lean+ a little =w>d 7see ,fig4 #cc74 ,n4,b4--,ab\t ?is po9t _m good jump]s br+ _! feet q level4 ,,! ,,sats4 ,"s few y>ds be=e rea*+ ! edge sw+ ! body ev5ly =w>ds1 at ! same "t /raight5+ up4 ,?is movem5t is t]m$ ! 8sats40 ,note p>ticul>ly t no attempt mu/ be made to lift ! feet z 9 ord9>y jump+4 ,! body %\ld be swung ev5ly =w>ds1 & at ! same "t /raight5 up f ! cr\*$ to ! erect position4 ,! movem5t1 if made vigor\sly1 does1 9 fact1 cause a slight ris+ f ! gr\nd1 b x is be/ n to be too vigor\s at fir/4 ,unroll y\rself1 s to speak1 ) an easy sweep1 avoid+ all /iffness & j]k+4 ,x may p]haps help y to und]/& :at is meant if y make an attempt to rise on ! toes4 ,y %\ld n1 inde$1 actually rise1 b j at fir/1 if y make an ef=t 9 t direction1 x w probably assi/ y to arrive at ! knack ( ! ?+4 ,ano!r v important po9t is ! tim+ ( ! movem5t4 ,! body %\ld be ne>ly /raight j z ! take-(f is left4 ,!re=e1 z ! movem5t itself takes "t1 ! great] ! spe$ at :i* y are travell+ ! e>li] y mu/ beg94 ,:il/1 on ! o!r h&1 ! m vigor\s ! /raight5+ y int5d to make ! lat] y c def] x4 ,y are1 h[ev]1 advis$ to take ?+s easily1 especially at fir/1 & to aim r at accuracy & elegance ( /yle ?an at m]e l5g?4 ,accord+ly x w be necess>y = y to beg9 ! /raight5+ movem5t r e>ly4 ,rememb] :5 y fir/ le>nt to %oot h[ (t5 ! tails ( ! rabbits & pheasants suff]$4 ,= v simil> reasons mo/ beg9n]s make ! sats too late4 ,x foll[s f ! above t ! object ( ! sats is two-fold--fir/ly1 to increase ! l5g? ( ! jump1 &1 secondly1 to br+ ! body into ! prop] position = alight+4 ,! =m] is a*iev$ by ! /raight5+ movem5t1 & ! latt] by ! sw+ =w>d4 8,b10 y ask1 8:y sw+ =w>d at all1 :y n keep q /ill80 ,! reason is t 9 desc5d+ all hills on slipp]y ?+s l ski ! body mu/ be kept q /raight ov] !m--or1 9 o!r words1 at ab\t "r angles to ! slope on :i* !y are travell+4 ,?is is suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,b obs]ve t 9 jump+ ! slope bel[ ! take-(f is consid]ably /eep] ?an t above 7see p4 #ic74 ,! body mu/ accord+ly be br\ght =w>d :5 pass+ f "o to ! o!r1 or a fall backw>ds w result4 ,& su* is1 inde$1 ! common fate ( ! beg9n]1 ^: t5d5cy is inv>iably to hang back6 ,n[ look at ! spraet hop1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #ca4 ,"h ! take-(f itself is turn$ upw>ds1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 its direction & t ( ! slope bel[ becomes great] ?an ev]4 ,on su* a jump x is especially necess>y to sw+ well =w>ds1 = :i* reason x is ! v be/ practice1 = once "o has le>nt to d t ev]y?+ else is easy4 ,,position ,,9 ,,! ,,air4 ,! :ole body %\ld be /raight & erect4 ,s d n *eck ! /raight5+ ( ! knees & ?ighs if y h n q f9i%$ y\r spr+ :5 y leave ! take-(f4 ,y w feel a compell+ necessity to wave y\r arms r\nd & r\nd :5 9 ! air4 ,ev]ybody does s m or less1 b1 ( c\rse1 y\r object %\ld be to be reasonable 9 ?is4 ,frantic wav+ looks v ugly4 ,endeav\r to keep y\r ski p>allel to ! slope bel[4 ,!re is always a t5d5cy = ! toes to fly up & ! heels to drag1 :i* %\ld be *eck$ z f> z possible by press+ d[n ! toes4 ,,on ,,alight+4 ,slide "o foot =w>ds & ! o!r backw>ds1 reliev+ any %ock by a slight b5d+ ( ! knees4 ,?is ext5d+ ( ! feet is ( great assi/ance 9 pres]v+ ! balance1 & ) a little practice becomes almo/ in/9ctive4 ,resume z soon z possible ! normal position--i4e41 ski close toge!r1 "o foot slightly 9 advance1 body slightly cr\*$4 ,z soon z possible aft] rea*+ ! level /op y\rself by mak+ a ,telem>k or ,*ri/iania sw+4 ,po9ts to be rememb]$3-- #a4 ,don't be fright5$4 #b4 ,ski close toge!r4 #c4 ,sw+ =w>d1 8unroll40 #d4 ,ext5d ski on alight+4 ,pay great att5tion to y\r 8=m10 :i* is all important1 z 9 r[+4 ,?9k ( no?+ else1 & y w soon succe$4 ,at competitions ! prize is n necess>ily aw>d$ to ! competitor :o jumps fur!/1 ev5 if he 8/ood0 aft] alight+4 ,= if ! jump 0 made 9 bad /yle assur$ly x 0 a fluke1 & w seldom be repeat$4 ,all ski-jump]s fall m or less1 b x is equally a matt] ( surprise if ! awkw>d %\ld 8/&10 or ! elegant & correct %\ld fail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! /yle ( jump+ above recomm5d$ is t kn[n 9 ,norway z ! ,svve--"o swoops motionless ?r\gh ! air4 ,x is c]ta9ly ! prettie/1 z well z ! easie/ to le>n4 ,ano!r me?od1 h[ev]1 exi/s1 kn[n z ! ,trkke op1 9 :i* ! leap] draws up 8 legs dur+ 8 flight1 ! object be+ to cov] a long] di/ance4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 h[ev]1 looks r ugly 7accord+1 at lea/1 to mo/ p's ideas71 & x is que/ionable :e!r "o comes s mu* fur!r ) x1 aft] all4 ,illu/ration3 ,,leif ,,b]g ,,jump+ #ij ,,feet1 ,,at ,,gl>us1 '#je4 ,photo by ,e4 ,jeanr5aud4 ,b !re is yet ano!r po9t :i* x is f> m difficult to decide4 ,%all ! runn] jump ) feet p]fectly level or %all he advance "o ( !m z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cc8 ,z w be se5 f ! above description1 ! writ] has n v5tur$ to speak positively z to ?is4 ,on ! "o h& he has ! au?ority ( "o ( ! ,holm5koll5 judges = ass]t+ t x is be/ = ! beg9n] to keep "o foot 9 advance1 :il/ on ! o!r ! g5]al practice ( _m 7if n1 inde$1 mo/7 fir/-class p]=m]s und\bt$ly is to keep ! feet q level4 ,! advocates ( ! advanc$ foot cont5d t extreme /ead9ess is ( vital importance 9 tak+ ! sats1 & t1 inasmu* z ! advanc$ foot position is admitt$ly /eadi] ?an ! o!r = glissad+1 x %\ld also be adopt$ at ?is /age4 ,9 addition to :i* !y argue t1 aft] ! flight ?r\gh ! air1 :5 ! runn] fir/ t\*es gr\nd ! advanc$ foot is ! m /able position ( ! two4 ,on ! o!r side1 ^? 9 fav\r ( ! 8level-foot$0 /yle cont5d3--,fir/ly1 t to jump ) "o foot =w>d looks ugly 7& ! writ] is incl9$ to agree ) !m 9 ?is71 &1 secondly1 t x defeats its own ends1 = x involves lean+ =w>d on to "o foot1 & accord+ly jump+ *iefly ) x4 ,& ?is 7!y say7 is conducive to a crook$ flight ?r\gh ! air4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 app>5t h[ ?is is a necess>y consequ5ce1 = 9 ord9>y long-jump+ ! spr+ is tak5 almo/ entirely ) "o leg )\t ! balance be+ 9 any way upset4 ,^! are1 h[ev]1 !oretical matt]s1 z to :i* ! read] int]e/$ may well be left to "w out conclusions = himself1 :il/ ^? :o d n c>e = argum5t c console !mselves ) ! reflection t :i*ev] /yle !y l to adopt !y h excell5t au?ority = _! *oice4 ,is x possible t ?is is ano!r "q l t ( ! b9d+s & t p]haps x does n matt] s v mu*1 aft] all8 ,or may n bo? sides be "r8 ,may x n1 = example1 be be/ to jump ) level feet :5 ! track is smoo? & easy1 b ) "o foot =w>d :5 x is irregul> & difficult8 ,on ! ,cont95t r\gh jump+ on t\r has h>dly yet 8caught on10 ev]y?+ be+ reg>d$1 s to speak1 ?r\gh competition spectacles4 ,& p]haps ?is is :y ! level-foot$ /yle is !re s mu* insi/$ on4 ,he1 h[ev]1 :o limits himself to jump+ at competitions & on elaborately prep>$ tracks w nev] be a really clev] ski-runn]1 & w miss a va/ deal ( ! possibilities & pleasures ( ?is bran* ( ! sport4 ,,ski ,,m\nta9e]+4 ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,,rickm]s4 ,x is q impossible to def9e exactly :at con/itutes m\nta9e]+ z ap>t f /roll+ & %ort excursions1 b its *ief *>act]i/ics are di/ance f human dwell+s & human help1 & ! pres5ce ( special dang]s4 ,! t]m 8m\nta9e]+0 comprises a multitude ( rules :i* tea* h[ to ov]come ! difficulties & h[ to avoid ! dang]s ( ris+ gr\nd4 ,m\nta9e]+ is a sci5ce admirably exp\nd$ 9 a s]ies ( classical text-books1 ! result ( ! exp]i5ce ( ?\s&s ( climb]s1 & ! ess5ce ( a lit]ature ( ov] #aj1jjj volumes4 ,f a subjective po9t ( view m\nta9e]+ beg9s :5 a w&]]1 approa*+ a hill or m\nta91 is consci\s ( ! fact t he w meet ) special conditions :i* dem& a special k4 ,& ! m9imum requir$ ( a man :o wi%es to be call$ a 8m\nta9e]10 a good m\nta9 climb]1 an exp]t1 is t z to ! !ory he %\ld h 8,d5t0 at 8 f+]-ends 7,c4 ,t4 ,d5t1 ,m\nta9e]+1 ,badm9ton ,libr>y72 & z to ! practice1 he mu/ be a man :o c be tru/$ to attempt any peak 9 ! _w )\t endang]+ ! lives ( 8 companions4 ,n[1 x w\ld be absurd to try to tea* m\nta9e]+ 9 a *apt] ( ?is book1 = x takes t5 ye>s at lea/ to make a m\nta9e]4 ,/ill less d>e ,i insult ! m\nta9e] by advis+ him h[ to behave 9 8 elem5t1 = he w n g high & f> until he feels at home on ! planks4 ,by ! "t he has ma/]$ ! te*nicalities ( ski-+1 he kn[s ev]y?+ ab\t ! outfit :i* suits him be/1 & ab\t 8 l9e ( conduct on any exp$ition he may plan4 ,my rem>ks on ! subject 9 h& _c1 !re=e1 be any?+ b a s]ies ( v g5]al reflections & impressions1 simply int5d$ z a l\d w>n+ to ski-runn]s t !y %\ld /udy 8,alp9ism10 & z a g5tle rem9d] to m\nta9e]s1 t ski-runn+ is a some:at tricky complication ( _! art4 ,:y %\ld ,i tell ! latt] :at type ( ski to take on long t\rs1 see+ t he kn[s on :i* k9d he travels be/2 :y %\ld he ask me ab\t 8 ice-axe :5 he is sure to take "o or n accord+ to ! object 9 view8#i ,ski-runn]s1 unless !y are climb+ exp]ts1 or accompani$ by su*1 mu/ conf9e !mselves to ! usual practice-gr\nds & safe excursions1 = only a m\nta9e] c decide on ! spot :e!r hill craft is necess>y or n4 ,to expla9 h[ he arrives at ?is decision w\ld mean a v ?ick volume4 ,! ski-runn]1 !re=e1 :o wi%es to =m a correct op9ion ( 8 own %\ld make up 8 m9d to le>n f amateurs1 guides1 & books h[ to look ab\t1 ?9k1 & behave :5 he leaves ! beat5 track :]e multitudes are accu/om$ to g un?9k+ & unadvis$4 ,my r&om obs]vations are to impress him ) t necessity1 & = ! m\nta9e] !y %all be an epitome ( famili> pr9ciples4 ,9 ! w9t] ! problem ( ! avalan*e eclipses all o!rs4 ,! rule to g only ) guides or exp]i5c$ fri5ds disposes ( ! g5]al advice respect+ glaci]s1 crevasses1 slips1 /rategy1 & discipl9e1 = 9 ^! ?+s a man mu/ tra9 himself dur+ _m seasons4 ,! rule t only good ski-runn]s d>e aspire t[>ds high peaks saves a long repetition ( detail z to outfit4#aj ,! ski-runn]-m\nta9e] ought always to be a man :o1 dur+ 8 appr5tice%ip1 knew some?+ ( cold1 hung]1 sl[ companions1 & brok5 ski4 ,to h no sp>e gloves & no provisions1 to fall :]e "o ought to /&1 to /ep on a holl[1 or to risk a da%+ slide1 may h m]ely disagreeable results two miles f home2 b ! same omissions & commissions c be suicidal1 nay1 ev5 crim9al1 :5 t5 miles f ! ne>e/ human habitation4 ,if y wi% to kill1 g alone1 & kill y\rself1 = e p>ty ( m\nta9e]s suff]s = ! ?\ghtlessness ( ea* ( its memb]s1 :ile ! greate/ skill or ability ( "o ( !m is z no?+ 9 ! balance ( fate :5 ! :ole has to be> ! inadequacy ( ! l[e/ unit4 ,extreme suspicion & w>9ess are ! only correct attitude t[>ds ! m\nta9s 9 _! w9t] g>b4 ,! numb] ( factors :i* comb9e to prep>e or prev5t an avalan*e is truly bewild]+1 & any s+le "o ( !m may be ! prime mov] or ! reliable safegu>d 9 a giv5 in/ance4 ,& ?is "o 0 p]haps ov]look$ 9 weigh+ ! evid5ce4 ,! secret ( ! avalan*e is ! break+ /ra9 & snapp+ po9t ( an unse5 t5sion4 ,avalan*es owe _! gr[? & collapse to "s or all ( ! foll[+ indications3 ,! angle ( ! slope2 ! surface ( ! gr\nd2 ! quantity ( ! sn[2 ! sn[ ( a mon? ago1 ( ye/]day1 & to-day2 ! temp]ature & ! w9d ( a mon? ago1 ye/]day1 & today1 :ile ! sn[ fell1 or be=e x fell1 or aft] x _h fall54 ,& to consummate or prev5t ! cata/rophy !re are1 9 conjunction ) ! above1 ! temp]ature at ! "t ( our arrival on ! spot1 ! weight ( ! p>ty1 its me?ods ( walk+ or ski-+1 & sundry o!r accid5ts4 ,s _m possibilities produce tantalis+ d\bt r ?an def9ite conviction1 & m (t5 ?an n a slope1 :i* pres5ts all ! visible elem5ts ( dang]1 may be p]fectly h>mless4 ,on ! o!r h&1 well-kn[n guides h walk$ into m\se-traps because "o exceptional condition _h alt]$ ! int]nal "* ( a p>ticul> slope :i*1 ?r\gh\t _! lives1 !y _h kn[n z p]fectly safe4 ,a /rong s5se ( human weakness is !re=e ! prop] frame ( m9d t[>ds ! my/]i\s & ov]:elm+ p[] ( ! sn[4 ,! m\nta9e] mu/ cond5se ! !ory ( avalan*es into a few compreh5sive rules ( ?umb1 & :5 9 d\bt he mu/ give ! b5efit to himself & n to ! avalan*e4 ,,suspici\s4--,e op5 slope ( ab\t #be deg4 or /eep]1 & all new sn[ 9 w>m wea!r4 ,a ?aw aft] a heavy fall ( sn[ is ! mo/ common cause ( ! ?ick & heavy slides kn[n z gr\nd avalan*es4 ,,dang]\s4--,e heavy accumulation ( sn[ at an angle ( #dj deg4 or m1 on long op5 slopes1 & 9 gullies4 ,at less] angles all sn[ :i* lies on a h>d & smoo? surface 7grass1 e>?1 old sn[1 cru/1 ice1 c474 ,h>d sn[ "u ! lee ( ridges4 ,?is is liable to crack & to become sudd5ly trans=m$ into :at looks l a huge wat]fall ( lumps ( sug>4 ,!re=e1 "o ought to cross su* slopes z high up z possible4 ,! cornice :i* ov]hangs ! ridge is m dang]\s to ^? :o walk on x ?an to ^? "u x4 ,,safe4--,all slopes "u #be deg2 all slopes ev5ly dott$ ) trees or rocks2 almo/ e p]fectly homog5e\s sn[ n deep] ?an #b;ft4 :i* lies on a r\gh surface 7screes1 c474 ,m _c be said )\t conjur+ up a flood ( detail4 ,?is exp]i5ce & acquir$ in/9ct mu/ fill 94 ,! t\ri/ c f9d almo/ daily an opportunity ( mak+ exp]im5ts on a small scale1 ?\gh he %\ld n =get t a cubic y>d ( sn[ c dislocate 8 arm or break 8 leg4 ,z an in/ance1 %[+ ! effect ( surface1 ,i may m5tion t1 9 ! ,alp9e spr+1 ! grass slopes s5d d[n 9 huge avalan*es ! solid lay] accumulat$ & consolidat$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,at ! same "t ! firm1 wet sn[ ( exactly ! same texture :i* lies on screes rema9s p]fectly safe1 & af=ds spl5did ski-+4 ,x nev] slips (f1 b gradually melts1 evaporates1 & vani%es z ! summ] draws ne>4 ,! only exact me?od ( deal+ ) avalan*es w\ld be to make 8avalan*e maps0 ( popul> c5tres4 ,9 ^! maps ! slopes & gullies :i* are always bad are col\r$1 let u say1 r$4 ,a blue slope w\ld be dang]\s "u su* & su* conditions2 a gre5 slope becomes ?reat5+ 9 ! spr+1 c4 ,on ^! maps all ^? exp$itions %\ld be m>k$ :i* c be gu>ante$ z safe4 ,! fe> ( ! avalan*e mu/ always be be=e ! ski-runn]'s consci5ce4 ,all ! re/ is a matt] ( well-def9$ dogma1 ( /rict att5tion to well-kn[n precautions1 :i* belong to ! r\t9e ( e m\nta9e] des]v+ ( ! "n4 7#a7 ,nev] g alone2 ?ree is ! m9imum4 7#b7 ,"o man at lea/ mu/ be an ,alp9e climb] ( exp]i5ce4 7#c7 ,all memb]s ( ! p>ty mu/ be equal 9 skill4 ,^! ?ree comm&m5ts are ! ess5ce4 ,let a few comm5ts suffice4 7#a7 ,! solit>y m\nta9e] is a fool4 ,?is is an article ( fai?4 ,p]missible exceptions are r>e4 7#b7 ,! exp]i5c$ lead] w tell 8 fri5ds all ab\t ! crevasses1 outfit1 provisions1 ! importance ( an e>ly />t1 ! duty ( keep+ toge!r1 & ! c\rage to turn back be=e ! approa* ( ! night or bad wea!r4 ,he w ask if ev]yone has 8 goggles1 sp>e gloves1 provisions1 sn[-helmets1 repair+ tools4 ,he w take f ev]yone ! promise to be /rictly obey$4 7#c7 ,?is is a necess>y complem5t to #a & #b4 ,t5 /umbl]s ( equal pr(ici5cy are a good p>ty1 = !y w g5]ally get z f> z !y des]ve4 ,n9e good m5 & "o /umbl] are bad1 = !y w probably make t "o poor man feel worse ?an he is4 ,on long t\rs only p]sons c g :o d n fall :5 !y h ! w n to fall4 ,he is n a fit companion = difficult exp$itions :o is n sure t he c keep on 8 feet ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,a m\nta9e] nev] has a spill unless he =gets himself1 8 companions1 or 8 surr\nd+s4 ,,note4--,9 our exp]i5ce by f> ! commone/ =m ( w9t] avalan*e occurs :5 a ski-runn] crosses 7or "s o!r influ5ce di/urbs7 a long /eep slope ( fre%ly-fall5 sn[4 ,! weight ( ! runn] is ! la/ /raw :i* causes ! sl5d]ly coh]5t mass to snap4 ,x does s ) a curi\s report1 some?+ l ! crack+ ( ?ick ice on a froz5 lake4 ,bel[ ! divid+ l9e1 :i* may be half a mile long1 ! sn[ slides (f ! hill-side mu* z x slides (f ! ro( ( a h\se1 =m+ itself into ?ick slabs l pav+ /ones :i* accumulate "o on top ( ! o!r1 & :i* ultimately ov]:elm ! runn]4 ,! sn[ usually breaks only a %ort di/ance above ! runn]1 & consequ5tly1 9 ! ev5t ( an accid5t1 se>* %\ld fir/ be made 9 t "p ( ! mass :i* is highe/ up ! hill4 ,fre%ly-fall5 sn[ is accord+ly q ! mo/ s]i\s dang] ( ski-runn+1 &1 inasmu* z x usually af=ds b poor go+1 x is seldom wor? :ile v5tur+ f> on v /eep gr\nd aft] a rec5t fall4 ,aft] a few days ( f9e wea!r1 h[ev]1 ! sn[ settles d[n1 ! avalan*es run (f1 & :at rema9s becomes firm] & m cry/all9e 9 /ructure4 ,"u ! pressure ( its own weight1 & ow+ to ! peculi> prop]ty ( regelation :i* solid wat] possesses1 ! new fall atta*es itself to ! old cru/s1 & ! conditions become1 comp>atively speak+1 safe4 ,x is a common say+ among/ ! ,swiss t x is unsafe to v5ture above ! tree-l9e1 z long z any sn[ is left cl++ to ! trees on ! sunny side ( ! valleys4 ,?is r\gh te/ we h f\nd to be a v useful "o4--,,ed4 ,illu/ration3 ,,broad ,,peak1 ,,ka%mir4 ,ski 9 =egr\nd at a height ( #bj1jjj feet4 ,photo by ,dr4 ,guill>mod4 ,,odds ,,& ,,ends4 ,,by ,e4 ,c4 ,,ri*>dson4 ,,antidotes ,,to 8,,/ick+0 ,,& ,,aids ,,to ,,climb+4 ,9 w>m wea!r sn[ is apt to /ick to ! bottom ( ! ski 7see page #bb74 ,x accumulates !re 9 l>ge wat]y clods1 & r5d]s progress v sl[ & labori\s4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! advice commonly giv5 is n to g out at all1 & unless !re is a prospect ( bett] ?+s1 ei!r 9 ! %ade or high] up1 x is c]ta9ly be/ to /op at home4 ,nev]!less1 ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 /ick+ & n /ick+ is an extremely n>r[ "o1 &1 moreov]1 "o is n always sitt+ com=tably indoors :5 ! tr\ble beg9s4 ,x is !re=e important to consid] :at is to be done to avoid or cure x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,wax+ ! ski is ! simple/ plan1 & proves effective 9 ! great majority ( cases4 ,x is true t ) wax$ ski hill-climb+ may become a matt] ( consid]able difficulty1 = ! wax is apt to c>ry matt]s too f>1 & to make ! surface unduly slipp]y4 ,b any?+ is bett] ?an c>ry+ all t dead weight ( sn[1 & by us+ only a little wax "u ! foot 7:]e ! /ick+ *iefly occurs71 by *oos+ an easy gradi5t1 & by side /epp+1 c41 "o c g5]ally manage to get along someh[4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( wax are sold = ?is purpose1 & all are m or less efficaci\s4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a difficulty ) ! solid k9ds 9 induc+ !m to 8bite0 :5 ! ski are cold & wet1 & ! writ] pref]s ! semi-liquid v>iety sold 9 tubes4 ,a tube ( wax1 plus its att5dant piece ( rag1 takes up v little room 9 ! pocket or rucksack1 & its weight is 9 no way comm5surate ) t ( ! lumps ( sn[ :i* x is n infrequ5tly its (fice to prev5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sealsk94--,f "t immemorial seal's 7or elk's7 sk9 has be5 atta*$ to ! bottom ( ! ski4 ,! hairs1 set t[>ds ! heel s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( prev5t+ ! ski slipp+ backw>ds1 & ( keep+ ! surface free f /icky sn[4 ,until q rec5tly x has be5 usual to fix ! sk9 p]man5tly2 b :il/ ?is works fairly well = c]ta9 purposes1 x is op5 to _m objections4 ,! hair is a v s]i\s imp$im5t1 bo? d[n-hill & on ! level1 = x n only r$uces ! spe$1 b1 ow+ to its inh]5t 8wobbl9ess10 x r5d]s /e]+ & balanc+ mu* m difficult4 ,!n1 aga91 ! hair soon we>s out1 a day ( h>d sn[ be+ suffici5t to q spoil x2 or x te>s1 or1 be+ wet1 ! wea!r turns cold] & x freezes solid4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ s]i\s objection ( all is ! na/y feel+ ( a sk9-clad ski4 ,!re is a c]ta9 cleanness & crispness ab\t ! movem5t ( ! pla9 wood ?r\gh ! sn[ :i* "o le>ns to love1 & :i* "o sorely misses4 ,besides :i* !re is mu* art 9 gett+ up-hill to ! be/ advantage on uncov]$ ski1 & ?is keeps "o's m9d busy1 & greatly alleviates ! lab\rs ( ! climb2 :]eas ) ! sk9 any duff] c get along1 & climb+ becomes pure drudg]y4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 t1 giv5 a long & /eep asc5t :]e mu* zig-zagg+ is necess>y1 or ev5 an only mod]ately /eep slope & h>d sn[1 "o c ) ! sk9 arrive f> m quickly & easily at ! top ?an )\t x4 ,x w1 !re=e1 ei!r :5 atta*$ p]man5tly or :5 deta*able z ab\t to be describ$1 be f\nd to be ( great value = long & ardu\s m\nta9 t\rs on /eep ,alp9e gr\nd4 ,b ev5 9 ! ,alps1 "u all ord9>y circum/ances1 :]e ski-runn+1 & n ! asc5t ( any p>ticul>ly difficult summit1 is ! object 9 view1 & :]e x is ( no consequ5ce :e!r "o arrives an h\r soon] or lat]1 !re is no s5se 9 encumb]+ oneself ) unnecess>y ge> & spoil+ ! pleasant 8feel0 ( ! b>e a%4 ,on undulat+ gr\nd1 :]e "o c usually g /raight up & d[n hill 7z 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,norway71 nobody n[adays dreams ( us+ sk9 9 any %ape or =m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,deta*able ,sealsk9 is q a rec5t inv5tion1 & is va/ly pref]able to ! fix$ article4 ,= x c be us$ = a long climb1 & remov$ :5 ! summit is rea*$4 ,?us a /rip ( ! mat]ial m\nt$ on webb+ c be atta*$ to ! bottom ( ! ski by means ( a loop ov] ! po9t1 a /rap at ! heel end1 & a few transv]se /raps4 ,b ! plan is op5 to ! objection t ! sk9 is apt to slip ab\t sideways1 & t ! fix+ ( x is tr\blesome1 & takes "t4 ,! late/ me?od ( fix+ is t inv5t$ by ,messrs4 ,sohm & ,madl5]1 & is highly recomm5d$ by ^? :o h tri$ x4 ,b x involves bor+ two holes ?r\gh ea* ski--an unp>donable sacrilege 9 ! eyes ( "s p4 ,surely1 h[ev]1 if we are go+ to commit ! outrage ( us+ sealsk9 at all we may j z well be hang$ = a %eep z = a lamb1 & bore holes or d any?+ else :i* may assi/ u 9 our fell 7joke67 design4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! deta*able sk9 ( ,h]r5 ,sohm & ,madl5] is sewn on to /\t webb+1 & is only ab\t half z long z ! ski !mselves4 ,x is atta*$ to ! ski imm$iately 9 front ( ! foot1 & rea*es f !re to ! back end4 ,! arrangem5ts = fix+ x are extremely +5i\s1 & p]mit ( its be+ atta*$ or remov$ ) great rapidity4 ,! photographs & draw+s 7p4 #ajh7 %[ exactly :at !y are4 ,a hole is bor$ 9 ! ski j 9 front ( ! b9d+2 & ano!r ab\t halfway betwe5 x & ! heel end ( ! ski4 ,?r\gh ea* ( ^! holes a bolt passes1 ! bottom ( :i* is %ap$ l a flat sort ( button4 ,! bolt /icks up ?r\gh ! ski2 & x is ?read$ & fitt$ ) a w+-nut4 7,see ,fig4 a47 ,:5 n requir$ ! button is screw$ by means ( ! w+-nut into a recess cut = its reception 9 ! bottom ( ! ski4 ,! front "p ( ! sk9 is button$ to ! front bolt1 ! middle "p to ! second bolt1 :il/ ! heel end has a /rap sewn on to x by means ( :i* ! :ole is fir/ /ret*$ p]fectly taut1 & !n secur$ by pass+ ! /rap r\nd ! heel ( ! ski1 & fix+ x to a cat* on ! top ( ! ski4 ,! /rap is fitt$ ) eye-holes1 & ! cat* is ( ! simple1 b +5i\s con/ruction %[n 9 ,fig4 b1 & 9 ! photos4 ,! front "p ( ! sk91 ( c\rse1 requires protection4 ,?is is af=d$ by sold]+ two pieces ( %eet brass toge!r s z to =m a %>p t5t-%ap$ ,v4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--,! ,sohm-,madl5] ,deta*able ,sealsk94 7a7 ,bolt ) button & w+-nut4 ,two are ne$$ = ea* ski4 7b7 ,cat* = secur+ /rap lead+ f back end ( sk94 ,! photos %[+ cat* half op5 & %ut4 7c7 ,l[] side ( front edge ( sk91 %[+ %>p brass entrance4 7d7 ,upp] side ( front edge ( sk91 %[+ button-hole on brass entrance4 7e7 ,l[] side ( middle ( sk91 %[+ rivets = button-hole4 ,!re %\ld be six rivets in/ead ( only f\r1 z %[n4 7f7 ,upp] side ( middle ( sk91 %[+ button-hole4 ,! measurem5ts1 :5 n o!rwise /at$1 are 9 millimtres4 ,! sk91 m\nt$ on its webb+1 is plac$ betwe5 ! jaws ( ! ,v :i* are !n clos$ & secur$ by a c\ple ( copp] rivets4 7,see ,figs4 c & d47 ,! 8button-holes0 on ! sk9 are n1 ( c\rse1 ( ! ord9>y k9d4 ,! front "o is %[n 9 ,fig4 d4 ,! second "o 9 ,fig4 f4 ,! front 8button-hole0 is cut out ( ! upp] "p ( ! t5t-%ap$ brass ,v z %[n 9 ,fig4 d4 ,! second 8button-hole0 7,fig4 f7 all[s ! button to slide backw>ds & =w>ds 9 x s z to p]mit ( ! sk9 be+ pull$ q taut4 ,?is 8button-hole0 is made by simply cutt+ a hole & slot 9 ano!r piece ( %eet brass1 & atta*+ x to ! sk9 by means ( rivets4 7,see ,figs4 e & f47 ,n4,b4--,only f\r rivets are %[n 9 ?is draw+1 b probably x is bett] to make ! slot a little long] & to add ano!r rivet at ea* side4 ,9 fitt+ ?is k9d ( deta*able sk9 to a pair ( ord9>y ski1 x is probably be/ to fill up ! cu/om>y groove cut 9 ! bottom ( ! ski4 ,! ski w !n be devot$ exclusively to /eep m\nta9 "w :]e x is 9 any case advantage\s to disp5se ) ! groove4 7,see page #cc47 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is desir$ to reta9 ! groove x w be advisable to make ! button holes extra /rong1 or else to make !m up s z to fit close aga9/ ! wood4 ,x w be obs]v$ 7z 0 m5tion$ above7 t ! sk9 only cov]s ab\t half ! "u surface ( ! ski4 ,to prev5t sn[ /ick+ to ! uncov]$ "p 9 w>m wea!r1 a lib]al coat+ ( wax may be appli$1 or else 7z ,h]r ,sohm advises7 ! :ole ( ! bottom ( ! ski may be pa9t$ ) smoo? & h>d enamel4 ,?is gives a v fa/ surface = runn+ on1 & ( c\rse no slipp+ back ne$ be fe>$ :5 walk+ up-hill ) ! sk9 atta*$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,climb+ ,irons4--,h]r ,sohm recomm5ds ! use ( climb+ irons inv5t$ by him 9 comb9ation ) 8 deta*able sk94 ,! object ( ! irons is to prev5t slipp+ on v /eep icy slopes4 ,! writ] has _h no exp]i5ce ( ^!1 &1 z criticism )\t practical k is seldom ( mu* value1 he pref]s to leave ! read] to try !m or leave !m alone1 j z he pleases4 ,?is mu* may1 h[ev]1 be safely assum$ t ^! appliances 7l ! sk9 itself7 c only be ( value to ! skill$ ski m\nta9e] desir\s ( mak+ long & difficult excursions 9 ! high ,alps4 ,!y are 7z ,h]r ,sohm himself insi/s7 q unnecess>y on ord9>y gr\nd1 & are c]ta9ly n = ! beg9n]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--,sohm's ,climb+ ,irons4 ,! measurem5ts are 9 millimtres4 ,see also ! photos1 page #ajh4 ,! climb+ irons are made ( "s /rong metal unaffect$ by ru/1 & _! %ape & ! me?od ( fix+ !m 9 conjunction ) ! sk9 is %[n cle>ly 9 ! accompany+ diagrams4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ty+ a piece ( rope to ! bottom ( ! ski is resort$ to by "s 9 ord] to help !m to get up-hill4 ,! writ] has1 h[ev]1 nev] f\nd ?is to be ( mu* use4 ,x is true t if pl5ty ( rope is us$1 & if x is prop]ly fix$ 7no easy matt] by ! way71 x l>gely obviates slipp+ back2 b x also s]i\sly h9d]s slipp+ =w>ds1 & necessitates a lift+ or heavy dragg+ ( ! ski at e /ep4 ,sn[ is v apt to /ick to ! rope1 & ( c\rse no glissad+ ) x is possible4 ,! net loss seems !re=e to be great] ?an ! ga91 ?\gh possibly !re may be occasions :5 ! read] may f9d some?+ ( ! sort useful4 ,! plan has at lea/ ! m]it ( *eapness4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,nordm>k51 ,,ne> ,,*ri/iania4 ,photo by ,h4 ,abel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dipp+ "p ( ! ski into wat] is also recomm5d$ by "s 9 ord] to help climb+1 ! idea be+ to =m a lump ( ice on ! bottom1 :i* may be remov$ :5 ! summit is rea*$4 ,b ?is1 too1 is op5 to mu* ! same objections z ! rope1 & is sc>cely wor? :ile4 ,if x is to be adopt$1 x is well to be provid$ ) a metal pap]-knife1 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 to scrape (f ! ice1 &1 incid5tally1 x may be "h m5tion$ t "s sort ( scrap+ appliance w always be f\nd useful2 = clean+ "o's ski ) ! /ick or an ord9>y knife takes a long "t1 besides be+ apt to injure bo? ! wood & ! blade4 ,,common ,,faults ,,& ,,fail+s 7,mo/ly dealt ) already1 b repeat$ "h to impress ! beg9n]74 ,i4--,,kit4 7#a7 ,too heavy clo!s4 ,woolly clo!s4 ,h light1 w9d-pro(1 smoo? mat]ials4 7#b7 ,tight boots ) ?9 soles4 ,h l>ge /rong boots :i* won't p9* ! toes1 ev5 ) ?ree pairs ( socks on1 & :i* won't buckle 9 ! middle ( ! sole4 7#c7 ,ski brittle1 ( bad %ape1 or ( great weight4 ,get "s "o :o kn[s good ski to *oose = y1 or1 if ?is is impossible1 s5d to a good mak] = 8 be/4 7#d7 ,too %ort gloves4 ,h long gloves to draw ov] ! sleeves ( y\r coat4 ,,ii4--,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,sn[4 7#a7 ,abus+ ! sn[4 ,! bett] ! ski-runn] ! less he compla9s1 & vice v]s4 ,notice h[ ! good m5 manage4 7#b7 ,cont9u+ a t\r :5 dang] may be expect$4 ,only gre5horns & fools d s4 ,turn back1 & try ano!r day4 7#c7 ,wax+ ski :5 sn[ is j b9d+4 ,be/ n4 ,! slight cl++ w help y up1 & won't int]f]e s]i\sly ) ! run4 ,probably1 too1 x w be cold] high] up4 ,,iii4--,,te*nique4 7#a7 ,%ort waddl+ /eps on ! level4 ,lean =w>d4 ,slide4 7#b7 ,c't get up hill4 ,raise front ( ski & /amp4 ,don't g too /eeply4 ,g sl[ly1 b keep at x4 7#c7 ,ru%+ up 9 front ( o!rs :5 on t\r4 ,don't %[ (f4 ,probably y are "o ( ! wor/ ( ! p>ty2 9 any case1 y are only annoy+ ! o!rs4 7#d7 ,side /epp+1 ski cross4 ,raise heel ( l[] ski4 7,see p4 #fj47 7#e7 ,c't />t d[n hill4 ,be quick ab\t x1 & !n y c4 7#f7 ,legs ap>t & feet level4 ,keep legs close toge!r & "o foot =w>d4 7#g7 ,lean+ back on /ick4 ,practise )\t "o4 7#h7 ,fall+ inw>ds :5 mak+ a d[n-hill curve4 ,lean =w>d6 ,?r[ ! weight on to ! l[] ski4 7#i7 ,telem>k sw+4 ,c't get r\nd4 ,raise heel ( ! back foot4 7#aj7 ,*ri/iania sw+4 ,ski runs (f at a tang5t4 ,hold ski toge!r4 ,sw+ on bo? ( !m4 7#aa7 ,n le>n+ to turn to bo? "r & left4 ,don't keep on practis+ t :i* y c already d4 7#ab7 ,dropp+ ov] a jump )\t sats1 or recklessly hurl+ y\rself ov]4 ,bo? =ms ( funk+4 ,keep cool & ?9k ( y\r =m4 7#ac7 ,jump+ too late4 ,don't g q s fa/1 & beg9 to /raight5 up e>li]4 7#ad7 ,g5]al /iffness4 ,don't get into any fix$ /yle ( runn+4 ,keep on *ang+ y\r gr\nd & try+ new ?+s4 ,,ski-,,runn+ ,,etiquette4 ,introductions are v in=mal on ! sn[4 ,y may ask anybody = advice1 & be c]ta9 ( receiv+ a polite answ]1 provid$ t y y\rself are polite1 & t y\r "q is n idiotic4 ,if y contemplate jo9+ a t\r+ p>ty1 y %\ld ask somebody :o is go+1 & :o has already made a t\r ) y1 :e!r y are likely to be welcome4 ,if he hesitates1 don't g4 ,if he ass5ts1 g by all means1 ev5 ?\gh y may be d\btful :e!r y are up to ! "w 9 h&4 ,y %\ld n in/antly ru% to ! assi/ance ( a lady :o may h fall54 ,d n let y\r gallantry get ! bett] ( y\r common s5se4 ,9 ,norway ladies put on _! own ski1 & manage _! own b9d+s1 & x is n good mann]s to (f] to assi/ !m4 ,w\ld t ! cu/om ext5d$ to ,switz]l&6 ,h[ev] amus+ y\r conv]sation may be1 y %\ld refra9 f *att]+ dur+ a long climb4 ,n ev]ybody's w9d or ev]ybody's temp] is p]fect4 ,y w n add to y\r popul>ity on t\r by cont9ually accept+ hospitality at ! h&s ( o!rs1 especially if y\r wat]-bottle be small1 & y c>ry no repair+ outfit4 ,y %\ld pay up punctually1 & )\t demur1 to ! man :o f9ances a t\r+ p>ty2 x is at lea/ t5 to "o t he is out ( pocket1 anyway4 ,x is a gross brea* ( mann]s to tread on ! back ( ano!r man's ski4 ,y %\ld at once apologise & fall back five y>ds4 ,y %\ld n come plump+ ov] a jump :i* o!rs h be5 at "s pa9s to con/ruct1 )\t fir/ ask+ _! leave1 & x is always y\r solemn duty to repair z well z possible any damage y may occasion to ! track4 ,unless y are really a v good runn]1 x is bett] n to imitate too closely ! ,norwegian /yle ( dress4 ,p may be disappo9t$4 ,always be polite 9 y\r deal+s ) =eign]s1 & y w seldom h cause to compla9 ( _! want ( mann]s4 ,,"s ,,useful ,,figures4 #a in* #jbed metres #a foot #cjdh metres #a y>d #iadd metres #ajjj metres #cbhj feet #ajjj feet #cjdh metres #a metre #cicgj in*es#aa #cbhj feet #ajicc y>ds #a kilometre #ajicc y>ds #h kilometres #difi miles #e miles1 less #ej y>ds ,,france ,,& ,,switz]l& ,,& ,,italy4 #d #ajj francs #d- #e francs #a_/- #abe francs #ajj francs #hj _/- #e francs #d_/- #a franc -_/#i ab\t ,,norway1 ,c4 #a #ahb kron] #a krone #a_/a ab\t ,,g]many4 #a #bjd m>ks #a m>k -_/#aa ab\t ,,au/ria1 ,c4 #a #bd kron5 #ajb flor9s or guld5 #a krone -_/#aj #a flor9 or guld5 #a_/aa 99 99 99 99 99 #a kilogramme #bbjdf p\nds avoirdupois4 ,9 trade #a kilogramme is reckon$ #aj p] c5t4 m ?an #blb4 #aalb4 #e kilogrammes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,temp]ature falls ab\t #a ,fahr5heit = e #cjj;ft4 rise or1 say1 #a ,c5t4 = e #bjj metres4 ,,!rmomet]4 ,comp>ison betwe5 ,scales ( ,fahr5heit1 ,raumur1 & ! ,c5tigrade4 ,,c5t4 ,,fah',t4 ,,rmr4 #ajj;,b4 #bab;,b4 #hj;,b4 #ii #bajb #gib #ih #bjhd #ghd #ig #bjff #ggf #if #bjdh #gfh #ie #bjc #gf #id #bjab #geb #ic #aiid #gdd #ib #aigf #gcf #ia #aieh #gbh #ij #aid #gb #hi #aibb #gab #hh #aijd #gjd #hg #ahhf #fif #hf #ahfh #fhh #he #ahe #fh #hd #ahcb #fgb #hc #ahad #ffd #hb #agif #fef #ha #aggh #fdh #hj #agf #fd #gi #agdb #fcb #gh #agbd #fbd #gg #agjf #faf #gf #afhh #fjh #ge #afg #fj #gd #afeb #eib #gc #afcd #ehd #gb #afaf #egf #ga #aeih #efh #gj #aeh #ef #fi #aefb #eeb #fh #aedd #edd #fg #aebf #ecf #ff #aejh #ebh #fe #adi #eb #fd #adgb #eab #fc #aded #ejd #fb #adcf #dif #fa #adah #dhh #fj #adj #dh #ei #achb #dgb #eh #acfd #dfd #eg #acdf #def #ef #acbh #ddh #ee #aca #dd #ed #abib #dcb #ec #abgd #dbd #eb #abef #daf #ea #abch #djh #ej #abb #dj #di #abjb #cib #dh #aahd #chd #dg #aafh #cgf #df #aadh #cfh #de #aac #cf #dd #aaab #ceb #dc #ajid #cdd #db #ajgf #ccf #da #ajeh #cbh #dj #ajd #cb #ci #ajbb #cab #ch #ajjd #cjd #cg #ihf #bif #cf #ifh #bhh #ce #ie #bh #cd #icb #bgb #cc #iad #bfd #cb #hif #bef #ca #hgh #bdh #cj #hf #bd #bi #hdb #bcb #bh #hbd #bbd #bg #hjf #baf #bf #ghh #bjh #be #gg #bjj #bd #geb #aib #bc #gcd #ahd #bb #gaf #agf #ba #fih #afh #bj #fh #af #ai #ffb #aeb #ah #fdd #add #ag #fbf #acf #af #fjh #abh #ae #ei #ab #ad #egb #aab #ac #eed #ajd #ab #ecf #if #aa #eah #hh #aj #ej #h #i #dhb #gb #h #dfd #fd #g #ddf #ef #f #dbh #dh #e #da #d #d #cib #cb #c #cgd #bd #b #cef #af #a #cch #jh ,z]o #cb ,z]o #a #cjb #jh #b #bhd #af #c #bff #bd #d #bdh #cb #e #bc #d #f #bab #dh #g #aid #ef #h #agf #fd #i #aeh #gb #aj #ad #h #aa #abb #hh #ab #ajd #if #ac #hf #ajd #ad #fh #aab #ae #e #ab #af #cb #abh #ag #ad #acf #ah -- #add #ai #bb #aeb #bj #d #af #ba #eh #afh #bb #gf #agf #bc #id #ahd #bd #aab #aib #be #ac #bj #bf #adh #bjh #bg #aff #baf #bh #ahd #bbd #bi #bjb #bcb #cj #bb #bd #ca #bch #bdh #cb #bef #bef #cc #bgd #bfd #cd #bib #bgb #ce #ca #bh #cf #cbh #bhh #cg #bdf #bif #ch #cfd #bif #ci #chb #cab #dj #dj #cb #da #dah #cbh #db #dcf #ccf #dc #ded #cdd #dd #dgb #ceb #de #di #cf #df #ejh #cfh #dg #ebf #cgf #dh #edd #chd #di #efb #cib ,adv]tisem5ts4 ,outfit ,,= ,,e ,,sport4 ,,ski f all ! be/ mak]s 9 ,norway1 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 & ,switz]l&4 ,,fa/5+s ( e description1 includ+ ! 8,alp9e0 & ! 8,ellefs540 ,,clo?+ ( ! be/ quality & design1 ready made or to ord]4 ,,b]col9 79 tubes71 ! be/ ski-wax1 & o!r lubricants4 ,,ev]y?+ requir$ by ski-runn]s1 m\nta9e]s1 toboggan]s1 skat]s1 & t\ri/s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,e4 ,,de?leffs5 ,,co41 ,,b]ne1 ,,*ri/(felgasse #g4 ,,b]r ,,co41 ,,vi5na1 ,,m>iahilf] ,,/r4 #a;,c4 ,h4 ,,sghwaig]1 ,,muni*1 ,,we9 ,,/r47,,ra?aus74 ,?ree ,names4 ,?ree ,c\ntries4 ,"o ,quality4 ,j4 ,dege ,sons1 ,,e/abli%$ #ahfe1 ,milit>y & ,sport+ ,tailors & ,bree*es ,mak]s4 ,,lea!rs ,,& ,,all ,,hunt+ ,,specialities4 ,messrs4 ,j4 ,dege ,sons beg to ann\nce to ! read]s ( ?is ,manual t !y h1 aft] ! mo/ c>eful inquiry z to ! requirem5ts ( t mo/ attractive & excit+ sport ,,ski-,,runn+1 p]fect$ an ,outfit be/ suit$ = ! purpose4 ,x consi/s ( a ,sn[pro( ,suit suitable = ! ,sport1 :i* at ! same "t is por\s2 & our ,special ,ski ,cap ( ! same mat]ial4 ,telegraphic ,address3 ,telephone3 ,,h>k ,,=w>d1 ,,london4 #fddj ,,g]r>d4 #ac1 ,,conduit ,,/reet4 ,illu/ration ,,d[ie ,,m>%all ,,make 8,,laup> ,,sko0 ,,m\nta9e]+ ,,& ,,all ,,k9ds ,,( ,,practical ,,& ,,com=table ,,boots4 ,special la/s are made & res]v$ exclusively = ea* cu/om]4 ,new cu/om]s :o _c fav\r ,d4 ,m4 ) a p]sonal int]view %\ld s5d outl9es ( _! feet tak5 /&+1 or a pair ( old boots1 z a guide = fitt+4 ,illu/ration ,illu/rat$ ,catalogue ,gratis4 ,,d[ie ,,m>%all1 #dee1 ,,we/ ,,/r&1 ,,london4 ,,e/abli%$ #ahbd4 ,sportsm5 visit+ ,norway may procure all ,sport+ ,requisites ,,( ,ludv4 ,,torg]s5 ,,co4 ,ltd41 ,,/or?+sgad5 #d1 ,,*ri/iania4 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,ice ,axes 7,norwegian ,patt]n71 ,ski & ,accessories1 ,ski ,/affs1 ,socks1 ,laup> 7,ski7 ,boots1 ,mitts1 ,lant]ns1 ,coa/]s1 ,/e]+ ,poles1 ,hav]sacks4 ,,select$ ,,/ock ,,( ,,bree*load]s ,,& ,,rifles4 ,,eley',s ,,ammunition4 ,c>tridges load$ to ord] ) ,engli% ,gunp[d]s & ,newca/le ,*ill$ ,%ot4 ,l>ge ,assortm5t ( ,,fi%+ ,,tackle suitable = ,fi%+ 9 ,norway4 ,,c>l ,,johans ,,gade #e1 ,,*ri/iania4 ,,l>s5s ,,vaab5=retn+4 ,illu/ration ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,,ski1 ,,skates1 ,,& ,,coa/]s 7,,toboggans71 ,) _! accessories ( be/ quality4 7,! above always kept 9 /ock47 ,,engli% ,,guns4 ,,fi%+ ,,rods & ,,tackle4 ,eley's & ,kyno*'s ,ammunition4 ,sn[ ,%oes #8,ski' ,trade-,m>k ,,re9de] ,,head4 ,made out ( ! t\ghe/ ,g]man ,a%1 9 accordance ) ! be/ designs & ) v>i\s b9d+s 7only fir/-class mat]ial us$74 ,direct f ! ,factory4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,s*utz-,m>ke4 ,,joseph ,,fis*]1 ,freiburg i4 ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,! 8,davos0 ,model ,high ,=m1 ,patt]n 8,e10 ,m\nt+ 8,l10 ,l5g? #ij c4m4 ,illu/ration3 ,! 8,davos0 ,model1 ,l[ ,=m1 ,patt]n 8,,pp10 ,m\nt+ 8,m10 ,l5g? #ij c4m4 ,,sn[-,,%oe ,,& ,,toboggan ,,factory4 ,wood b5t by ,/eam on ! ,premises--,a speciality = ! la/ #ae ye>s4 ,,retail]s ,,receive ,a ,,suitable ,,disc\nt4 ,goods suppli$ to ! ,g]man ,s\?-pole ,exp$ition1 to ,home & ,cont95tal ,milit>y ,au?orities1 & to ,po/ & ,=e/ ,(ficials4 ,,my ,,goods ,,be>1 ,,)\t ,,exception1 ,,! ,,above ,,trade-,,m>k 7,,re9de] ,,head74 ,l4 ,h4 ,,hag5 ,,co41 ,,kirkegad5 #ai1 ,,*ri/iania1 ,,norway4 ,illu/ration ,l>ge/ ,assortm5t ( ,fire>ms & ,sport+ ,requisites 9 ,sc&9avia4 ,,ski1 ( v>i\s patt]ns1 h all be5 aw>d$ ,gold ,m$als4 ,,fa/5+s1 :i* h obta9$ ! highe/ possible aw>ds4 ,,ski ,,outfits1 & all requisites connect$ ) ,ski-+1 suppli$4 ,,skates1 ( ,hag5's celebrat$ & univ]sally kn[n patt]n4 ,,coa/]s1 ,,toboggans1 ,,sl$s4 ,aw>d$ ,elev5 ,gold ,m$als4 ,two ,gr& ,prix4 ,illu/ration ,l4 ,h4 ,,hag5 ,co4 ,,?4 ,,hans51 ,,ski ,,manufactur]4 ,,hamm]/adg1 #e4 ,telephone1 #hehi ,,*ri/iania4 ,ski ( 8 own patt]n3 ,aw>d$ #a/ prize4 ,export] ( ,a% & ,hickory ,ski 7v>ni%$ or col\r$74 ,ski ( be/ quality always 9 /ock4 ,mak] ( ! well-kn[n1 highly recomm5d$ ,wax 8,record10 to pres]ve ! ski & prev5t ball+4 ,,as*eh\gs ,,bogh&el1 ,,booksell]4 ,engli% & ,=eign ,books1 ,magaz9es1 ,p]iodicals1 & ,j\rnals4 #dc1 ,,c>l ,,johans ,,gade1 ,,*ri/iania4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,swiss ,,ski4 ,made by ,,ri*>d ,,/aub1 ,,zuri*4 ,,trade ,,m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>ke ,tdi ,,m>que ,d,,pos,e ,,trade ,,m>k4 ,,! ,,ski are light & ela/ic1 & are made f ! celebrat$ ,swiss m\nta9 a%4 ,,! ,,ski are fitt$ ) ei!r 8,ellefs5's10 or 8,huitfeidt's40 or ! 8,model ,c driv+ belt0 b9d+s4 ,mak] ( ! orig9al ,davos ,toboggan1 ,b&y 7ice-hockey7 ,clubs1 c4 ,,london ,,depot3 ,) ,messrs4 ,a4 ,w4 ,,gamage1 ,,holborn4 ,w4 ,c4 ,m,,ll]1 ,,dramm51 ,,norway1 ,,furri] & ,,manufactur] ( ,,re9de] ,,hair ,,lifebuoys = ,,ya*ts4 ,,contractor ,,to ,,pol> ,,exp$itions4 ,,equipp$ ,! ,national ,ant>ctic ,exp$ition4 ,duke ( ,abruzzi's1 ,!1 ,arctic ,exp$ition4 ,ziegl]'s ,arctic ,exp$ition4 ,b>on ,toll's ,arctic ,exp$ition4 ,drygalski's ,ant>ctic ,exp$ition4 ,arg5t9e ,gov]nm5t's ,ant>ctic ,exp$ition4 c41 c4 ,,supplies ,ski-,boots1 ,socks1 ,f9n ,mocass9s1 ,fur ,gloves1 ,lea!r ,jackets1 ,sleep+ ,bags1 & e k9d ( ,fur ,clo?+ & ,requisite = ,w9t] we>1 or travell+ 9 cold climates4 ,,aw>d$ #f ,,gold & #b ,,silv] ,,m$als4 ,,! ,,au/rian ,,alps ,,= ,,! ,,w9t] ,,mon?s4 ,skat+1 ,toboggan+1 ,ski-+1 ,sleigh+1 9 %ort e w9t] sport1 p> excell5ce4 ,innsbruck4 ,seat ( an ,engli% colony4 ,headqu>t]s ( w9t] sports4 ,climate highly recomm5d$ by ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,kitzbuehel4 ,r5[n$ w9t] resort4 ,/4 ,anton 7,arlb]g74 ,excell5t ,ski-+ c5tre4 ,goss5sass4 ,e ,w9t] sport4 ,cort9a d',ampezzo4 ,em95tly suitable = w9t] soj\rn4 ,! ,semm]+1 ne> ,vi5na4 ,highly recomm5d$ = w9t] sports4 ,m]an4 ,! pe>l ( ,au/rian heal? resorts4 ,salzburg4 ,capital & ,duk$om4 ,excell5tly suit$ = ! w9t]4 ,boz5-,gries1 ,tr5t1 ,rov]eto1 ,arco1 ,riva1 c4 ,excell5t places = w9t] soj\rn4 ,,w9t] ,,t\rs ,,to ,,! ,,au/rian ,,alps4 ,= p>ticul>s & pamphlets 7free7 write or call3-- ,,! ,,au/rian ,,travel ,,in=mation ,,bureau1 #hf1 ,,piccadilly1 ,,london1 ,w4 ,,wilson ,,l9e4 ,,w9t] ,,sports ,,9 ,,norway4 ,,r$uc$ ,,w9t] ,,f>es4 7,f #a/ ,octob]1 #aije to #cj? ,april1 #aijf47 ,,f ,,hull ,,to ,,*ri/ians&4 4 ,,& 4 ,,*ri/iania4 ,fir/-class1 ,s+le #c #cs4 #j;d4 0 ,return #e #es4 #j;d4 ,second-class1 ,s+le #b #ajs4 #j;d4 0 ,return #d #js4 #j;d4 ,victuall+ includ$4 ,int5d$ ,sail+s444 ,f ,,hull e ,,friday ev5+4 ,f ,,*ri/iania e ,,friday1 #aj a4m41 call+ at ,,*ri/ians& ,friday night4 ,= fur!r in=mation apply to ,messrs4 ,! ,,unit$ ,,%ipp+ ,co41 ,ltd41 #ajh1 ,f5*ur* ,/reet1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,messrs4 ,t4 ,,cook ,,son1 ,ludgate ,circus1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 or to ,messrs4 ,,?os4 ,,wilson1 ,,sons1 ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,hull4 ,,be=e ,,pur*as+ ,,s\v5irs ,,be ,,sure ,,to ,,visit ,,b5nett',s ,photograph & ,curiosity ,/ores4 ,unrivall$ ,/ock ( ,photos1 ,silv]1 ,fancy ,articles1 ,guide ,books1 ,maps1 ,books on ,norway1 ,tau*nitz ,edition1 c4 ,,travell+ ,,& ,,hotel ,,c\pons ,,issu$4 ,e ,in=mation furni%$ relative to ,travell+ 9 ,norway4 ,money ,ex*ang$4 ,,?os4 ,,b5nett 4 ,,sons1 ,,c>l ,,johans ,,gade #ce1 ,,*ri/iania4 ,by ,special ,appo9tm5t1 ,deal]s to ,h] ,maje/y ,que5 ,alex&ra4 ,,william ,,s*midt1 #da1 ,,c>l ,,johans ,,gade1 ,,*ri/iania4 ,,g5tlem5',s ,,outfitt]s4 ,,sport+ 4 ,,requisites 4 ,,& 4 ,,clo?+4 ,h4 ,,horn ,co4 ,eg]torvet1 ,,*ri/iania4 ,,g5tlem5',s ,,outfitt]s4 ,,gran ,,hotel1 ,,bolkesj1 ,,norway4 ,proprietor1 ,m4 ,,haf/54 ,fir/-class accommodation4 ,mod]ate t]ms4 ,beautifully situat$ 9 ,telem>k54 ,mo/ suitable qu>t]s = ,ski-+ & ,w9t] ,sports4 ,eight h\rs f ,*ri/iania--rail to ,kongsb]g1 drive !nce to ,bolkesj4 ,telephonic communication ) all p>ts4 ,highly recomm5d$4 ,,*amonix4 ,,w9t] ,,season4 ,! ,electric ,railway f ,le ,fayet ,/4 ,g]vais to ,*amonix is n[ runn+ ! :ole ye> r\nd4 ,,gr& ,,hotel ,,p5sion4 ,,c\ttet et du ,,p>c4 ,,ski-,,runn+1 ,,skat+1 ,,toboggan+4 ,,ext5sive ,,ice ,,r9k ,,9 ,,sunny ,,position4 ,all small ,m\nta9 ,excursions may be made 9 ,w9t]4 ,,c5tral ,,heat+1 ,,electric ,,light4 ,m4 ,,c\ttet1 :o is himself an en?usia/ic ,ski-,runn]1 & has asc5d$ 9 ,w9t] on ,ski ! ,col du ,geant1 #aa1jef;ft41 ! ,col du ,midi1 #aa1gjj;ft41 & trav]s$ f ,*amonix to ,z]matt by ! ,high ,level ,r\te1 c41 is able to give all in=mation conc]n+ ! di/rict4 ,= full p>ticul>s apply to ! ,proprietors1 ,,c\ttet ,,bro!rs1 ,hotel ,c\ttet1 ,*amonix1 ,france4 ,,caux1 ,,above ,,t]ritet1 ,,montreux4 ,lake ( ,g5eva1 ,switz]l&4 ,,caux ,,palace ,,gr& ,,hotel4 ,spl5did position1 ) magnific5t view ( ! ,alps4 ,c5tral1 full s\?4 ,,heat$ ,,?r\gh\t ,,by ,,/eam4 ,conc]t ?ree times a day4 ,gr& ,balls4 ,magnific5t ,hall4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ ,hotels1 ,) fir/-rate ,cuis9e4 ,,gr9delwald4 ,,hotels ,,be> ,,& ,,adl]4 ,,w9t] ,,sports3 ,,ski-,,runn+1 ,,skat+1 ,,toboggan+1 ,,curl+4 ,,boss ,,bro!rs1 ,proprietors4 ,,davos ,,platz4 ,,gr& ,,hotel ,,belv$]e ,,is ,! be/ ,hotel = ,ski ,runn]s1 & ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,davos ,engli% ,ski ,club4 ,,gr& ,,hotel ,,belv$]e ,,has ,ba?s on e floor1 & ! mo/ mod]n rec5tly in/all$ sanit>y arrangem5ts4 ,,gr& ,,hotel ,,belv$]e ,,is ,close to ! big ,skat+ ,r9k1 ,:]e ! ,int]national ,skat+ ,competitions are held4 ,,gr& ,,hotel ,,belv$]e ,,has ,electric light ?r\gh\t1 private spr+ wat] supply1 c5tral heat+1 & a rational & well v>i$ cuis9e4 ,,gr& ,,hotel ,,belv$]e ,,is ,close to ! ,s*atz ,alp ,cable ,railway1 :i* takes pass5g]s up #ajjj feet 9 a few m9utes4 ,,gr& ,,hotel ,,belv$]e ,,has ,a l>ge ,ball ,room1 :]e balls1 dances1 or*e/ral conc]ts1 c41 are giv5 ?r\gh\t ! w9t] season4 ,,gr& ,,hotel ,,belv$]e ,,is ,,! ,,be/ ,,hotel ,,9 ,,davos ,,platz4 ,,au/rian ,,tirol1 ,,kitzb,,hel 7,two h\rs beyond ,innsbruck74 ,,p5sion ,,s*loss ,,leb5b]g4 ,,"u ,,engli% ,,managem5t4 ,,op5 ,,all ,,! ,,ye>4 ,,excell5t ,,cuis9e4 ,,e ,,com=t4 ,z a ,ski-+ ,c5tre ,,kitzb,,hel ,,/&s ,,unrivall$4 ,ow+ to ! =mation ( ! slopes1 ,kitzbhel has be5 pron\nc$ by exp]ts to be "o ( ! f9e/ ,ski-+ gr\nds 9 ,europe4 ,! position ( ,leb5b]g enables ,visitors to />t 9 any direction f ! ,s*loss4 ,! ,climate ( ,kitzbhel is not$ = ! abs5ce ( w9d & ! am\nt ( sun%9e4 ,x is !re=e ,,an ,,ideal ,,w9t] ,,resort4 ,toboggan+ & ,skat+ c also be indulg$ 94 ,sleigh races & ,ski-+ competitions are held ye>ly4 ,= ,illu/rat$ ,prospectus & fur!r p>ticul>s apply to ! ,proprietor1 ,,p5sion ,,s*loss ,,leb5b]g1 ,,kitzb,,hel1 ,,au/rian ,,tirol4 #e1jjj ,,feet ,,above ,,! ,,sea4 ,feldb]g 9 ! ,black ,=e/4 ,ne>e/ & mo/ fav\rable ,ski-+ gr\nd = ,engl&4 ,railway ,/ation3 ,,titisee1 via ,,freiburg1 ,,bad54 ,,hotel ,,feldb]g] ,,h(4 ,! ,hotel conta9s #aej ,rooms1 ) #bjj b$s1 & has two annexes--,! ,jaeg]mattte1 ) #be rooms & #dj b$s1 & ! ,turm ,hotel1 ) #bh rooms & #dh b$s4 ,,spl5did ,,ski-,,+ ,,c\ntry4 ,! ,hotel has be5 greatly enl>g$ & conta9s e mod]n com=t1 includ+ electric light1 c5tral heat+ ?r\gh\t1 lift1 billi>d-room1 skittle-alley1 be]-room1 dry+-rooms1 /ore-room = ski1 two ba?s 9 e /orey1 & suites ( rooms4 ,p5sion ,prices = a six days' /ay4 ,toboggan+ road to ,titisee4 ,po/ & ,telegraph ,(fice on ! ,premises4 ,telegraphic ,address3 8,feldb]g1 ,s*w>zwald40 ,proprietors3 ,,may] ,,& ,,s*lad]]4 ,,curhaus-,,davos1 ,,davos-,,platz1 ,,switz]l&4 ,,int]national ,,hotel4 ,bo>d & ,lodg+ = #h %ill+s & upw>ds4 ,,alp9e ,,sport4 ,,ski-,,+1 ,,toboggan+1 ,,skat+4 ,,davos ,,dorf1 ,,switz]l&1 ,,fluela ,,po/ ,,& ,,sport ,,hotel4 ,exclusively res]v$ = ,sportsm5 & ?r\gh ,travell]s4 ,,no ,,accommodation ,,= ,,invalids4 ,,prospectus ,,) ,,t]ms ,,on ,,application4 ,a4 ,,gr$ig ,,son1 ,proprietor4 8,,ski0 8,,alp9] ,,w9t]sport0 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,a4 ,,tann]1 ,basle1 ,switz]l&4 8,,ski40--,! illu/rat$ (ficial organ ( all ! ,ski ,clubs 9 ,c5tral ,europe4 ,correspond5ce f all p>ts ( ! _w4 8,,alp9] ,,w9t]sport40--,a j\rnal deal+ ) all ,w9t] ,sports4 ,publi%$ 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 & ,italian1 & read by memb]s ( ! v>i\s ,engli% colonies on ! ,cont95t4 ,engli% correspond5ce is always welcome4 ,,bo? ,,pap]s are =w>d$ toge!r1 & may be obta9$ ?r\gh e ,booksell] & ,po/-,(fice2 or f ! ,editor 9 ,basle4 ,,light ,,& ,,firm4 ,ellefs5's ,b9d+ ,,simple ,,& ,,/rong4 ,,norwegian ,,w9t] ,,sports4 ,direct1 conv5i5t1 & economical r\te f ,engl& to ,*ri/iania 7! c5tre = all ,norwegian w9t] sports7 by ! magnific5t ,mail & ,pass5g] ,/eam]s 8,sov]eign0 & 8,/]l+10 sail+ f ,newca/le 7,tyne ,dock7 e ,friday ev5+4 ,f>e #c #cs4 #j;d4 s+le or #e #es4 #j;d4 return1 inclusive ( victuall+4 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,p>ticul>s ,,apply ,,to ,,! ,,ag5ts3-- ,p4 ,h4 ,,mat?iess5 ,,co41 ,,newca/le-,,on-,,tyne4 ,telegraphic ,address3 8,mat?iess540 ,,%ew ,,cam]as4 ,illu/ration - ,,! -,,tele-,,xit4 ,a ,half-plate ,cam]a :i* c be c>ri$ )\t fatigue1 op5$ )\t complications1 clos$ z a box1 measures only #h by #e by #b ins41 & p]fectly rigid at full ext5sion4 ,illu/ration ,! ,pocket ,,xit4 #d by #c ins4 f #f #fs4 8,= ,,simplicity1 ,,lightness1 & ,,range ,,( ,,subjects = :i* x c be us$1 ,i ?9k ! ,,xit _c be beat540 ,,see ,,new ,,li/ ,,= #aijf ,,free ,,(3-- ,j4 ,f4 ,,%ew ,co41 ,manufactur]s & ,pat5tees ( ,specialities 9 ,photographic ,appliances4 ,,newman ,,/41 #d ,doors (f ,ox=d ,/41 ,,london1 ,w4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,ski is really ! same ^w z ! ,engli% skid1 mean+ a slide1 or some?+ to slide ^u1 ! aff9ity be+ ev5 great] 9 ! ,sw$i% t]m skid 7plural1 skidor71 mean+ slides or skates4 ,orig9ally x d\btless spr+s f ! ,f9ni% subsi or suksi1 by :i* appellation ! ski 7 probably kn[n long be=e _! introduction to ,sc&9avia4 ,footnote #b3 8,w4,t410 ,t4,p4's ,weekly1 p4 #bbf1 ,feb41 #aijd4 ,footnote #c3 ,sc&9avian skrde to slide1 glide1 slip4 ,footnote #d3 ,! names ( ! be/ kn[n ( ^! ,telem>k+s 71 ,knut ,olafs5 ,haug51 ,aasmund ,brkke1 ,sve9ung ,svala/oga1 & ! 8,hemme/v$t gutt]0 7,torjus & ,mikkel ,hemme/v$t74--,,ed4 ,footnote #e3 ,probably also on mo/ ( our own m\nta9s4 ,footnote #f3 ,to judge by ! numb] ( utt]ly fooli% b9d+s on ! m>ket1 ?is is a po9t :i* usually escapes ! inv5tor-novice4 ,footnote #g3 ,look at ! frontispiece = an example ( fir/-class level-runn+4 ,footnote #h3 ,9 competitions ! jump is measur$ f ! po9t :]e ! runn] leaves ! gr\nd to ! middle ( ! deepe/ "p ( ! impression :i* 8 ski make on alight+4 ,footnote #i3 ,! ski :i* are suitable = ord9>y excursions on undulat+ gr\nd are n necess>ily equally useful = long m\nta9 climbs4 ,9 ! "o case ski-runn+ pure & simple is ! object 9 view1 9 ! o!r ! ski are m]ely a means to an end--! asc5t ( "s difficult summit or pass4 ,"s rem>ks z to ! k9d ( in/rum5t :i* may be f\nd s]viceable = ! latt] purpose are to be f\nd at p4 #cd1 & 9 ! *apt] on 8,aids to ,climb+40--,,ed4 ,footnote #aj3 ,?is1 p]haps1 sc>cely goes f> en\gh4 ,! outfit suitable = undulat+ wood$ gr\nd on :i* a runn] may atta9 to great skill is n equally s]viceable high up4 ,9 p>ticul>1 a cap cov]+ mo/ ( ! face & neck1 smok$ glasses or ! simple arrangem5t describ$ on p4 #ej1 a light w9d-jacket ( "s sort1 extra-?ick gloves1 extra-?ick socks1 & extra-/\t nail$ boots are ess5tial4 ,! runn] %\ld accu/om himself to c>ry+ a l>ge heavy rucksack1 :i* is a disagreeable1 b1 alas6 an indisp5sable1 companion on a long m\nta9 t\r4--,,ed4 ,footnote #aa3 ,! exact figures are n z yet settl$1 & are giv5--#cicgjdcaif #cicgjgi1 #cicgjjh1 c4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! ,cont5ts ref]5ce to 8,side /epp+ 444 ,page #fi0 errone\sly ref]s to 8,,side-,,slipp+0 on ,page #fi4 ,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation are z 9 ! orig9al4