,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,f9e ,,art ,,by ,g4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,hegel ,,translat$1 ,,) ,,notes1 ,,by ,f4 ,p4 ,b4 ,,osma/on1 ,b4,a4 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,& ,,g5ius ,,( ,,t9toret1 ,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,poetry1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,works ,,vol ,,ii ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,vol4 ,,ii ,,second ,,"p ,,introduction ,evolution ( ! ,ideal 9 ! ,p>ticul> ,types ( ,f9e ,art1 namely1 ! ,symbolic1 ! ,classical1 & ! ,romantic4 ,symbolic ,art seeks aft] t unity ( ideal significance & ext]nal =m1 :i* ,classical art 9 its repres5tation ( sub/antive individuality succe$s 9 secur+ to s5su\s p]ception1 & :i* ,romantic art passes beyond1 ow+ to its excessive insi/5ce on ! claims ( ,_s ,,subsection ,i ,,! ,,symbolic ,,type ,,( ,,art ,,introduction ,,( ,,! ,,symbol ,,g5]ally #a4 ,symbol z a sign simply 9 language1 col\rs1 etc4 #h #b4 ,n a m]e sign to repres5t some?+ else1 b a significant fact :i* pres5ts ! idea or quality x symbolizes #i #c4 ,?+ symboliz$ mu/ h o!r qualities ?an t accept$ z symbol4 ,t]m symbol necess>ily op5 to ambiguity #aj 7a7 ,ambiguity 9 p>ticul> case :e!r ! concrete fact is set be=e u z a symbol4 ,diff]5ce betwe5 a symbol & a simile4 ,illu/rations #aj 7b7 ,ambiguity ext5ds to-entire worlds ( ,art1 e4g1 ,ori5tal art4 ,two !ories ) reg>d to my?os discuss$ & contra/$ #ad 7c7 ,! problems ( my?ology 9 ! pres5t treatise limit$ to ! "q1 ,h[ f> symbolism is entitl$ to rank z a =m ( ,art8 ,w only consid] symbol 9 s f> z x belongs to ,art 9 its own "r & itself proce$s f ! notion ( ! ,ideal1 ! unfold+ ( :i* x comm5ces #ai ,,division ,,( ,,subject #a4 ,! arti/ic consci\sness orig9ates 9 wond]4 ,! effects t result f su* a /ate4 ,art ! fir/ int]pret] ( ! religi\s consci\sness4 ,conceptions envisag$ 9 pla/ic =ms ( natural objects #bc #b4 ,! f9al aim ( symbolic art is classical art4 ,"h x is dissolv$4 ,! ,sublime lies betwe5 ! two extremes #bf #c4 ,! /ages ( symbolical art classifi$ accord+ to _! subdivisions 9 ! *apt]s ( ?is4 ,second ,"p ( ! entire treatise #bi ,,*apt] ,i ,,unconsci\s ,,symbolism ,a4 ,unity ( ,significance & ,=m 9 its imm$iacy #cf #a4 ,! religion ( ,zoroa/] #cg #b4 ,no true symbolical significance 9 ! above #db #c4 ,equally de/itute ( an arti/ic "* #dd ,b4 ,fanta/ic ,symbolism #dg #a4 ,! ,h9doo conception ( ,brahm #ej #b4 ,s5su\sness1 measurelessness1 & p]sonify+ activity ( ,h9doo imag9ation #ea #c4 ,conception ( purification & p5ance #fd ,c4 ,g5u9e ,symbolism #fe #a4 ,nature no long] accept$ 9 its imm$iate s5su\s exi/5ce z adequate to ! significance4 ,art & g5]al outlook ( anci5t ,egypt #ge 7a7 ,! inw>d import held indep5d5t ( imm$iate exi/5ce 9 ! embalm$ corpse #gf 7b7 ,doctr9e ( immortality ( ! s\l z held by ,egyptians #gf 7c7 ,sup]t]ranean & subt]ranean modes ( ,egyptian art4 ,! ,pyramids #gg #b4 ,wor%ip ( animals1 z ! vision ( a secret$ s\l4 ,symbolical & non-symbolical aspects ( ?is cult #gh #c4 ,works ( ,egyptian art are objective riddles4 ,! ,sph9x symbolic ( ! g5ius ( ,egypt4 ,memnons1 ,isis1 & ,osiris #gi ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,symbolism ,,( ,,! ,,sublime ,a4 ,pan!ism ( ,art #hi #a4 ,h9doo poetry #ij #b4 ,p]sian & ,mohamm$an poetry4 ,mod]n reflections ( su* poetry z 9 ,goe! #ib #c4 ,*ri/ian ,my/icism #ig ,b4 ,! ,art ( ! ,sublime #ig #a4 ,god z ,creator & ,"l ( a subject ,_w4 ,he is ,creator1 n ,g5]ator4 ,8 ,dwell+ n 9 ,nature #ajj #b4 ,nature & ! human =m cut (f f ! ,div9e 7entgtt]t7 #aja #c4 ,nullity ( objective fact a s\rce ( ! enhanc$ self-respect ( man4 ,man's f9it5ess & immeasurable transc5d5cy ( ,god4 ,no place = immortality4 ,! ,law #ajc ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,consci\s ,,symbolism ,,( ,,! ,,comp>ative ,,type ,,( ,,art ,a4 ,modes ( ,comp>ison orig9at+ f ! side ( ext]nality #aaj #a4 ,! ,fable4 ,aesop #aac #b4 ,! ,p>able1 ,prov]b1 & ,apologue #abb #c4 ,! ,metamorphosis #abe ,b4 ,comp>isons1 :i* 9 _! imag9ative pres5tation orig9ate 9 ! ,significance #abh #a4 ,! ,riddle #acj #b4 ,! ,allegory #acb #c4 ,! ,metaphor1 ,image1 & ,simile #acg ,c4 ,! ,disappe>ance ( ! ,symbolic ,type ( ,art #afa #a4 ,! ,didactic ,poem #afc #b4 ,descriptive ,poetry #afe #c4 ,relation ( bo? aspects ( int]nal feel+ & ext]nal object 9 ! anci5t ,epigram #afe ,,subsection ,,ii ,,! ,,classical ,,type ,,( ,,art ,,introduction ,,! ,,classical ,,type ,,9 ,,g5]al #a4 ,self-subsi/5cy ( ! ,classical type view$ z ! int]fusion ( ! spiritual & its natural =m #age 7a7 ,no return ( ! ideal pr9ciple ^u itself4 ,no sep>ation ( oppos$ aspects ( inw>d & ext]nal #age 7b7 ,symbolism abs5t f ?is type except incid5tally #agf 7c7 ,reproa* ( an?ropomorphism #agi #b4 ,greek art z ! realiz$ exi/5ce ( ! classical type #aha #c4 ,position ( ! creative arti/ "u su* a type #ahc 7a7 ,8 fre$om no result ( a re/less process ( f]m5tation4 ,receives 8 mat]ial z some?+ assur$ 9 hi/ory or belief #ahc 7b7 ,8 pla/ic purpose is cle>ly def9$ #ahd 7c7 ,high level ( te*nical ability #ahe ,classification ( subject-matt] #ahf ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,=mative ,,process ,,( ,,! ,,classical ,,type ,,( ,,art ,introduction & ,division ( subject #ahi #a4 ,! ,degradation ( ,animalism z su* #aia 7a7 ,! sacrifice ( animals4 ,h[ reg>d$ by ! ,greeks #aib 7b7 ,! ,*ase1 or examples ( su* 9 h]oic times #aid 7c7 ,tales ( metamorphosis4 ,illu/rations bo? f ,greek & ,egyptian traditions #aid #b4 ,! ,conte/ betwe5 ! old] & lat] ,dyna/ies ( ,gods #bja 7a7 ,! oracles :]eby ! gods atte/ _! pres5ce ?r\gh natural exi/5ces #bje 7b7 ,! anci5t gods 9 contradi/9ction f ! new #bjh 77 ,! ,titan natural pot5ces includ$ among ! old] rgime #bjh 77 ,!y are ! p[]s ( ,e>? & ! />s #bjh )\t spiritual or e?ical cont5t4 ,prome!us4 ,! ,er9nyes #bji 77 ,! ord] ( ^! gods is a succession #bae 7c7 ,! conque/ ( ! old] rgime ( gods #bag #c4 ,! ,positive ,cons]vation ( ! conditions set up by ,negation #bbj 7a7 ,! ,my/]ies #bbj 7b7 ,pres]vation ( old rgime /ill m obvi\s 9 arti/ic creations4 ,illu/rations f ,greek poetry #bba 7c7 ,! ,nature-basis ( ! lat] gods4 ,nature n 9 itself div9e to ! ,greek4 ,illu/rations ( bo? po9ts ( view #bbc ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,ideal ,,( ,,! ,,classical ,,type ,,( ,,art ,introduction & ,division ( subject-matt] #bbi #a4 ,! ,ideal ( ,classical ,art g5]ally #bcj 7a7 ,! ,classical ,ideal is a creation ( free arti/ic activity1 ?\gh x reposes on e>li] hi/orical elem5ts #bcj 77 ,! ,greek gods are nei!r ! appe>ance ( m]e ext]nal ,nature1 nor ! ab/raction f "o ,godhead #bcb 77 ,! ,greek arti/ is a poet4 ,b 8 productive p[] is concretely spiritual1 n m]ely caprici\s #bcc 77 ,! relation ( ! ,greek gods to human life4 ,illu/rations f ,hom]1 etc4 #bcc 7b7 ,:at is ! type ( ! new gods ( ,greek art8 #bce 77 ,_! conc5trat$ individuality1 or sub/antive *>act]ization #bcf 77 ,_! beauty n m]ely spiritual1 b also pla/ic #bcg 77 ,removal ( !m f all t is purely f9ite into a sph]e ( l(ty bless$ness exalt$ above m]e s5su\s %ape #bch 7c7 ,! nature ( ! ext]nal repres5tation4 ,sculpture1 9 its secure self-possession1 mo/ suit$ z ! m$ium #bda #b4 ,! ,sph]e or ,cycle ( ! ,individual ,gods #bdb 7a7 ,:at is call$ ! div9e ,univ]sum is "h brok5 up into p>ticul> deities #bdb 7b7 ,abs5ce ( an articulate sy/em #bdc 7c7 ,! g5]al "* ( _! di/+ui%+ attributes #bdd #c4 ,! p>ticul> ,individuality ( ! ,gods #bdf 7a7 ,! appropriate mat]ial = su* individualization 77 ,! natural religions ( symbolism a prim>y s\rce4 ,illu/rations #bdg 77 ,t ( local conditions #bej 77 ,t ( ! _w ( concrete fact4 ,illu/rations f ,hom]1 etc4 #bed 7b7 ,ret5tion ( a fundam5tal e?ical basis #beh 7c7 ,advance 9 ! direction ( grace & *>m #bei ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,dissolution ,,( ,,! ,,classical ,,type #a4 ,fate or ,de/9y #bfa #b4 ,dissolution ?r\gh ! nature ( ! an?ropomorphism ( ! gods #bfc 7a7 ,abs5ce or defect ( ! pr9ciple ( subjectivity z "h ass]t$ #bfc 7b7 ,! transition to ,*ri/ian conceptions only f\nd 9 m mod]n art4 ,! prosaic art ( ! ,aufklrung4 ,illu/rations #bff 7c7 ,! dissolution ( classical art 9 its own prov9ce #bgj #c4 ,satire #bgc 7a7 ,di/9ction betwe5 ! dissolution ( classical & symbolic art #bgd 7b7 ,! ,satire #bgf 7c7 ,! ,roman _w z ! basis ( ! satire ) illu/rations anci5t & mod]n #bgg ,,subsection ,,iii ,,! ,,romantic ,,type ,,( ,,art ,,introduction ,,( ,,! ,,romantic ,,9 ,,g5]al #a4 ,! ,pr9ciple ( inw>d ,subjectivity #bhb #b4 ,! /eps 9 ! ,evolution ( ! cont5t & =m ( ! ,romantic ,pr9ciple #bhc 7a7 ,po9t ( dep>ture d$uc$ f ! ,absolute view$ z ! det]m9ate exi/5ce ( a self-kn[+ subject ( ?\ght & volition4 ,man view$ z self-possess$ ,div9e4 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ #bhf 7b7 ,?is process ( self-recognition & reconcilem5t view$ z a process 9 :i* /ra9 & conflict arise4 ,dea? z view$ by ,*ri/ian & ,greek art contra/$ #bhg 7c7 ,! f9ite aspect ( subjective life 9 ! secul> int]e/s1 ! passions1 collisions1 & suff]+1 or enjoym5t ( ! e>?ly life #bij #c4 ,! romantic mode ( exposition 9 relation to its cont5t #bia 7a7 ,! cont5t ( romantic view$ relatively to ! ,div9e extremely re/rict$4 ,nature dive/$ ( its association1 symbolic or o!rwise1 ) ,div9ity #bia 7b7 ,religion ! premiss ( romantic art 9 a f> m enhanc$ degree ?an 9 symbolic art4 ,influ5ce ( ! romantic pr9ciple on ! m$ium adopt$ #bic 7c7 ,two worlds cov]$ by ! romantic pr9ciple1 viz41 ! s\l-k+dom ( ,_s reconcil$ !re91 & ! realm ( ext]nal ,nature f :i* ev5 ! aspect ( ugl9ess is n exclud$4 ,latt] _w only portray$ 9 s f> z s\l f9ds a home !re9 #bic ,division ( subject-matt] #bie ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,religi\s ,,doma9 ,,( ,,romantic ,,art #a4 ,! ,r$emption hi/ory ( ,*ri/ #cjb 7a7 ,! pr9ciple ( ,love z p>am\nt 9 ?is religi\s sph]e4 ,h[ f> ,art 9 su* a sph]e is a sup]fluity #cjc 7b7 ,f a c]ta9 aspect ! appe>ance ( ,art is necess>y #cjc 7c7 ,! aspect ( cont+5cy 9 ! p>ticul>ity ( an individual ,p]son z su* ,div9e #cjd 77 ,! pres5tm5t by arti/s ( ! ext]ior p]sonality ( ,*ri/ #cjd 77 ,! conflict inh]5t 9 ! religi\s gr[?1 view$ z a process1 ?\gh det]m9+ t process univ]sally1 is conc5trat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( "o p]son 9 ! fir/ in/ance #cjf 77 ,! feature ( dea? only reg>d$ "h z a po9t ( transition to self-reconcilem5t #cjh #b4 ,religi\s ,love #cji 7a7 ,conception ( ! ,absolute z ,love #cji 7b7 ,=m ( ,love z self-conc5trat$ emotion4 ,affiliation ( su* ) s5su\s pres5tm5t #caj 7c7 ,love z ! ,ideal ( romantic art #caj 77 ,*ri/ z ,div9e ,love #caa 77 ,=m mo/ compatible ) ,art ! love ( "m4 ,m>y1 "m ( ,jesus #caa 77 ,love ( ,*ri/'s disciples & ! ,*ri/ian community #cac #c4 ,! ,_s ( ! ,community #cac 7a7 ,! ,m>tyrs #cae 7b7 ,p5ance & conv]sion )9 ! s\l #cbj 7c7 ,miracles & ,leg5ds #cbc ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,*ivalry ,introduction #cbe #a4 ,hon\r #ccb 7a7 ,notion ( same4 ,contra/ betwe5 ,greek & mod]n art 9 ?is respect #ccb 7b7 ,vuln]ability ( same #cce 7c7 ,rep>ation dem&$4 ,hon\r a mode ( self-subsi/5cy :i* is self-reflective #ccf #b4 ,love #ccg 7a7 ,fundam5tal conception (4 ,illu/rations f poetry #ccg 7b7 ,collisions ( ! same #cda 77 ,t betwe5 hon\r & love #cda 77 ,t betwe5 ! supreme spiritual =ces ( /ate1 family1 etc41 & love #cdb 77 ,opposition betwe5 love & ext]nal conditions 9 ! prose ( life & ! prejudice ( o!rs #cdb 7c7 ,limitation ( cont+5cy inh]5t 9 ! conception itself #cdc #c4 ,fidelity #cde 7a7 ,loyalty ( s]vice #cdf 7b7 ,! nature ( its co-ord9ation ) a social ord] ei!r 9 ! _w ( ,*ivalry or ! mod]n #cdg 7c7 ,nature ( its collisions4 ,illu/rations4 ,! ,cid1 etc4 #cdh ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,=mal ,,self-,,/ability ,,( ,,p>ticul> ,,individualities ,introduction #cej #a4 ,! ,self-subsi/5ce ( individual ,"* #ced 7a7 ,! =mal /ability ( "* #cee 7b7 ,"* view$ z an inw>d b undisclos$ totality4 ,illu/rations f ,%akespe>e #cei 7c7 ,! sub/antial int]e/ 9 ! display ( su* =mal "*4 ,%akespe>e's vulg> *>act]s1 & ! g5iality ( _! pres5tm5t #cfe #b4 ,! ,_s ( ,adv5ture #cfg 7a7 ,! cont+5t nature ( ends & collisions #cfh 77 ,*ri/ian ,*ivalry 9 its conflict ) ,moors1 ,arabs1 & ,mohamm$ans4 ,crusades4 ,holy ,grail #cfi 77 ,! univ]sal _s ( adv5ture 9 ! p]sonal exp]i5ce ( individuals4 ,dante & ! ,div9e ,com$y #cga 77 ,! cont+5cy )9 ! s\l due to love1 hon\r1 & fidelity #cga 7b7 ,! comic treatm5t ( su* cont+5cy4 ,ario/o & ,c]vantes1 contra/ betwe5 #cgb 7c7 ,! _s ( ! novel or romance #cge #c4 ,! ,dissolution ( ! ,romantic type #cgg 7a7 ,! arti/ic imitation ( :at is directly pres5t$ by ,nature #cgi 77 ,naturalism 9 poetry4 ,did]ot1 ,goe!1 & ,s*ill] #cha 77 ,dut* g5re pa9t+ #chb 77 ,int]e/ 9 objects del9eat$ relat$ to arti/ic p]sonality #che 7b7 ,individual ,hum\r #chf 7c7 ,! end ( ! romantic type ( ,art #chh 77 ,conditions "u :i* x is possible = ! arti/ to br+ ! ,absolute be=e ! ae/hetic s5se #chi 77 ,! position ( ,art at ! pres5t day4 ,analog\s position ( mod]n arti/ & dramati/ #cia 77 ,g5]al review ( previ\sly evolv$ process ( ,art's typical /ructure4 ,:at is possible = mod]n art & ! conditions necess>y4 ,illu/ration ( ! t]m9us ( romantic art ) ! nature ( ! ,epigram4 ,supreme function ( ,art #cid ,,second ,,"p ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,ideal ,,9 ,,! ,,p>ticul> ,,types ,,( ,,f9e ,,art ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,f9e ,,art ,,introduction ,all t has hi!rto be5 ! object ( our exam9ation 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is inquiry ref]r$ to ! reality ( ! ,idea ( ! beautiful z ,ideal ( art4 ,9 :atev] direction1 h[ev]1 we develop$ ! notion ( ! ideal art-product1 we ?r\gh\t appli$ to x a mean+ ( purely g5]al signification4 ,b ! idea ( ! beautiful implies a totality likewise ( ess5tial diff]5ces1 :i* z su* mu/ 9 v]itable =m ass]t !mselves4 ,^! diff]5ces we may broadly describe z ! p>ticul> modes ( art1 z ! evolv$ cont5t ( t :i* is impli$ 9 ! notion ( ! ,ideal1 & :i* secures actual =m ?r\gh art4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we speak ( ^! =ms ( art z ( di/9ct species or grades#a ( ! ,ideal1 we d n accept ! t]m 9 ! ord9>y usage ( x z ?\gh we f\nd "h 9 ext]nal guise p>ticul> classes ( objects relat$ to & modify+ ! ,ideal respectively z _! common g5us4 ,species 9 ! s5se us$ "h simply expresses ! v>i\s & cont9u\sly exp&+ det]m9ation ( ! idea ( ! beautiful & ! ,ideal ( art itself4 ,! univ]sality ( ! ideal repres5tation is 9 ! case posit$ n det]m9$ on ! side ( ext]nal exi/5ce1 b is assum$ to be ! clos] det]m9ation ( itself 9 ! explication ( its own notion2 or1 9 o!r words1 x is ! notion itself :i* unfolds itself 9 a totality ( p>ticul> types ( art4 ,m closely reg>d$1 !n1 ! specific types ( art h _! orig91 z ! unfold$ realization ( ! ,idea ( ! beautiful1 9 ! v nature ( ! ,idea itself1 :i* by means ( !m presses =w>d to real & concrete appe>ance4 ,moreov]1 j 9 s f> z x ceases to exp&#b 9 ! ab/ract det]m9ation or concrete fulness ( any "o ( !m1 x manife/s itself 9 "s o!r =m ( realiz$ expression4 ,= ! ,idea is only ,idea 9 its ess5tial tru? 9 s f> z x proce$s 9 ?is self-evolution by means ( its own activity4 ,& inasmu* z x is1 z ,ideal1 imm$iate appe>ance1 & moreov] ) ea* mode !re( is /ill id5tical z ! idea ( ! beautiful1 we f9d t 9 e p>ticul> phase :i* reveals ! ,ideal 9 its process ( self-explication we h ano!r actual manife/ation :i* is imm$iately relat$ to ! ess5tial *>act]ization ( ^? div]se types ( yet fur!r expansion4 ,x really is a matt] ( no consequ5ce :e!r we reg>d ?is process z a process ( ! ,idea )9 its own sub/ance1 or t ( ! =m "u :i* x atta9s det]m9ate exi/5ce1 inasmu* z bo? aspects are imm$iately b\nd up ) ea* o!r1 & ! p]fect+ ( ! ,idea z cont5t1 & ! p]fect+ ( its =m are b two ways ( express+ ! same process4 ,or1 to put ! matt] 9 ! rev]se way1 ! defects ( a giv5 =m ( art ( ?is k9d betray !mselves z a defect ( ! ,idea1 9 s f> z su* defects give a limit$ significance to ! ess5tial nature ( ! ,idea 9 ext]nal =m1 & z su* inve/ x ) reality4 ,:5 we consequ5tly comp>e su* /ill inadequate =ms ( art ) :at mo/ obvi\sly pres5ts itself = comp>ison1 t is1 ! true ,ideal1 we mu/ be c>eful n to use expressions commonly applicable to works ( art t are failures1 :i* ei!r express no?+ at all1 or h discov]$ an incompet5ce to express :at ought to h be5 express$4 ,r = e =m ( ! ,idea !re is a def9ite mode ( appe>ance1 :i* clo!s x precisely 9 "o ( ^? p>ticul> =ms ( art to :i* we h adv]t$1 adequate 9 e respect !reto1 & ! defective or p]fect$ "* ( :i* consi/s entirely 9 ! relative tru? or untru? ( ! det]m9ate =m1 "u :i* & ?r\gh :i* ! ,idea is actually realiz$4 ,= ! cont5t mu/ fir/ be clo!d ) reality & concret5ess be=e x c atta9 to ! =m :olly adequate to its ess5tial tru?4 ,z we h already indicat$ 9 ! previ\s division ( our subject-matt]1 we h ?ree fundam5tal =ms or types ( art to exam9e4 ,fir/1 we h ! symbolical4 ,9 ?is ! ,idea is /ill seek+ = its true arti/ic expression1 because x is "h /ill ess5tially ab/ract & undet]m9$1 & consequ5tly has n ma/]$ = itself ! ext]nal appe>ance adequate to its own sub/ance1 b r f9ds itself 9 unresolv$ opposition to ! ext]nal objects 9 physical ,nature & ! _w ( mank9d4 ,& inasmu* z 9 ?is crude relation to objective exi/5ce x imm$iately surmises its own isolation1 or is c>ri$ into "s =m ( concrete exi/5ce by means1 ( univ]sal *>act]i/ics :i* are void ( all true def9ition1 x vitiates & falsifies ! actual =ms ( reality :i* x has f\nd1 & :i* x seizes 9 a :olly caprici\s way#c4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 in/ead ( be+ able to id5tify itself completely ) ! object1 x c only ass]t a k9d ( accord1 or r a /ill ab/ract reflection ( significance & figure1 a mode ( repres5tation :i*1 be+ nei!r complete 9 its arti/ic fusion1 nor capable ( be+ complet$1 suff]s ! object to em]ge z reciprocally ext]nal1 /range1 & inadequate to itself z x 0 be=e4 ,secondly1 we h ! =m 9 :i* ! ,idea1 "h 9 accordance ) its true notional activity1 is c>ri$ beyond ! ab/raction & indet]m9acy ( g5]al *>act]ization#d1 is consci\s ( itself z free & inf9ite subjectivity1 & grasps t self-consci\s life 9 its real exi/5ce z ,_s 7,m9d74 ,_s1 z ! free subject ( consci\sness1 is self-det]m9$ ?r\gh its own res\rces1 & ev5 9 ?is its consci\s grasp ( self-det]m9ation possesses a =m ( ext]nality adequate to express x1 & "o 9 :i* ! ess5tial import ( t consci\sness c be unit$ ) an explicit reality entirely appropriate4 ,?is second type ( art1 ! classical1 is bas$ ^u su* absolutely homog5e\s unity ( cont5t & =m4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to make ?is unity complete ! human _s1 9 s f> z x makes itself ! object ( art1 mu/ n be tak5 z ,_s 9 ! absolute significance we ref] to x1 :]e x discov]s its adequate subsi/5ce :olly 9 ! spiritual res\rces ( its own ess5tial doma91 b r z a /ill individualiz$ _s1 & z su* *>g$ ) a c]ta9 aspect ( isolation4 ,9 o!r words1 ! free individual :i* classical art unites to its =ms appe>s1 x is true1 z ess5tially univ]sal1 & consequ5tly fre$ f all ! m]e cont+5ce & p>ticul>ity bo? ( ! subjective _w ( m9d & ! ext]nal _w ( ,nature4 ,b x is at ! same "t p]meat$ by a univ]sality :i* is itself ess5tially individualiz$4 ,= ! ext]nal =m is necess>ily bo? def9$ & s+ul> by virtue ( its ext]nality1 :i* x is only capable ( completely fus+ ) an arti/ic cont5t by repres5t+ t cont5t z itself def9$1 & consequ5tly ( a limit$ "*2 &1 moreov]1 x is only ,_s t is ?us p>ticul>iz$ :i* c pass into an objective %ape & unite itself ) ! same 9 an insep>able unity4 ,9 ?is =m ,art has rea*$ ! fulness ( its own notion to ?is ext5t1 namely1 t ! ,idea1 :i* is "h spiritual individuality1 br\ght into imm$iate accord ) itself 9 ! =m ( its bodily pres5ce1 receives f x a pres5tation s complete1 t ext]nal exi/5ce is no long] able to pres]ve its consi/5cy z aga9/ ! ideal significance :i* x s]ves to express2 or1 to put x 9 ! rev]se way1 ! spiritual cont5t is exclusively manife/$ 9 ! elaborat$ =m )9 :i* ,art clo!s x = s5su\s p]ception1 & !reby affirmatively ass]ts itself 9 ! same4 ,?irdly1 we h ! =m 9 :i* ! ,idea ( beauty grasps its own be+ z absolute ,_s1 ,_s1 t is to say1 9 ! full consci\sness ( its untrammell$ fre$om4 ,b = ?is v reason x is unable any m to obta9 complete realization 9 =ms :i* are ext]nal2 its true det]m9ate exi/5ce is n[ t :i* x possesses 9 itself z ,_s4 ,t unity ( ! life ( ,_s & its ext]nal appe>ance :i* we f9d 9 classical art is unb\nd1 & x flees f ! same once m into itself4 ,x is ?is recoil :i* pres5ts to u ! fundam5tal type ( ! romantic type ( art4 ,"h we f9d1 by reason ( ! free spirituality :i* p]vades ! cont5t1 su* cont5t makes a m ideal dem& ^u expression ?an ! m]e repres5tation ?r\gh an ext]nal or physical m$ium is able to supply2 ! =m on its ext]nal side s9ks !re=e to a relation ( indiff]5ce2 & 9 ! romantic =m ( art we consequ5tly meet ) a sep>ation betwe5 cont5t & =m z we previ\sly f\nd x 9 ! symbolic =m1 ) ?is diff]5ce t x is n[ due to ! subord9ation ( matt] to spiritual expression r ?an ! pr$om9ance ( ext]nality ov] ideal significance4 ,x is 9 ?is way t symbolic art seeks aft] t p]fect$ unity ( ideal significance & ext]nal =m1 :i* classical art 9 its repres5tation ( sub/antive individuality succe$s 9 communicat+ to s5su\s p]ception1 & :i* romantic art passes ov] & beyond ?r\gh its ov]:elm+ insi/5ce on ! claims ( ,_s4 ,footnote #a3 ,art4 ,hegel takes ! ord9>y sci5tific s5se to describe ! mean+4 ,! ^w type w\ld m truly express x4 ,footnote #b3 ,fr si* selb] i/4 ,t is1 hav+ arriv$ at "o =m ( det]m9ation1 returns ^u itself & ?r[s (f ano!r =m1 j z ! plant g]m aft] arriv+ at ! leaf exp&s into ! bud1 & s on4 ,footnote #c3 ,t is1 ) no ref]5ce to intellig5t pr9ciple4 ,footnote #d3 ,allgeme9] ,g$ank54 ,hegel means ! b>e g5]alizations or ab/ract conceptions ( ?\ght4 ,,subsection ,i ,,! ,,symbolic ,,type ,,( ,,art ,,introduction ,,( ,,! ,,symbol ,,g5]ally ,symbol1 9 ! signification we "h atta* to ! ^w1 is n m]ely ! beg9n+ ( art f ! po9t ( view ( its notional developm5t1 b m>ks also its fir/ appe>ance 9 hi/ory4 ,we may consequ5tly reg>d x z only ! =ec\rt ( art1 :i* is pr9cipally ! possession ( ! ,ea/1 & ?r\gh :i*1 aft] a v>iety ( transitional /eps & m$iat+ passages1 we are at la/ introduc$ to ! g5u9e realization ( ! ,ideal 9 ! classical type ( art4 ,we mu/ !re=e f ! v fir/ take c>e to di/+ui% symbol :]e its unique *>act]i/ics provide x ) an indep5d5t sph]e ( its own1 9 :i* x det]m9es ! radical & effective type ( a c]ta9 =m ( art's exposition & pres5tm5t f t k9d ( symbolic expression :i* am\nts to no m ?an a purely ext]nal aspect ( =m entirely )\t su* indep5d5t significance4 ,9 ! latt] s5se we1 9 fact1 come across x 9 ! classical & romantic =ms ( art j z c]ta9 aspects ( symbolical art are n :olly )\t ! *>act]i/ic features ( ! classical ,ideal1 or pres5t to u ! orig9s ( romantic art4 ,su* reciprocal int]play betwe5 ! fundam5tal =ms ( art atta*es1 h[ev]1 m]ely to subsidi>y images or isolat$ traits2 x has no p[] :atev] to modify1 /ill less to expunge1 ! animat+ pr9ciple :i* ess5tially det]m9es ! "* ( ! entire "w ( art4 ,9 su* cases :]e we f9d symbol elaborat$ 9 its entirely unique & indep5d5t =m x is z a g5]al rule *>act]iz$ by ! quality ( ! sublime1 because its ma9 impression is to %[ u ! ,idea /ill unit$ to measureless dim5sion r ?an r\nd$ 9 a free & self-def9$ cont5t2 x w\ld fa9 clo! itself ) =m1 & yet is unable to secure 9 ! sub/antial appe>ances ( ! _w a def9ite =m :i* is entirely adequate to express ! ab/ractness & univ]sality ( its long+4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is inability to atta9 its purpose ! ,idea passes ov] & beyond ! ext]nal exi/5ce :i* surr\nds x in/ead ( p5etrat+ to ! core or completely mak+ its home !re94 ,& ?is flight beyond ! limits ( ! f9ite & visible _w is precisely t :i* con/itutes ! g5]al "* ( ! sublime4 ,b be=e we proce$ fur!r x w be conv5i5t1 by way ( elucidat+ ! =mal aspect ( our subject1 to expla9 at once1 if 9 q g5]al t]ms1 :at we und]/& by ! expression symbol4 ,g5]ally speak+1 symbol is "s =m ( ext]nal exi/5ce imm$iately pres5t$ to ! s5ses1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n accept$ = its own wor?1 z x lies ?us be=e u 9 its imm$iacy1 b = ! wid] & m g5]al significance :i* x (f]s to our reflection4 ,we may consequ5tly di/+ui% betwe5 two po9ts ( view equally applicable to ! t]m2 fir/1 ! significance1 &1 secondly1 ! mode 9 :i* su* significance is express$4 ,! fir/ is a conception ( ! m9d1 or an object :i* /&s :olly indiff]5t to any p>ticul> cont5t1 ! latt] is a =m ( s5su\s exi/5ce or a repres5tation ( "s k9d or o!r4 #a4 ,symbol1 !n1 is 9 ! fir/ place a sign4 ,:5 we speak ( ! significant & no?+ m !re is no necess>y connection betwe5 ! ?+ signifi$ & its modus ( expression :atev]4 ,?is mann] ( its expression1 ?is s5su\s ?+ or image1 s f> f be+ imm$iately call$ up by t = :i* x is ! sign1 r pres5ts itself to ! imag9ation z a :olly =eign cont5t to x1 by no means necess>ily associat$ ) x 9 a unique way4 ,s1 = example1 9 language tones are signs ( specific conditions ( idea or emotion4 ,by f> ! great] numb] ( ! tones ( any language are1 h[ev]1 associat$ ) ! ideas1 :i* are !reby express$ entirely by *ance1 s f> z ! cont5t ( ^? ideas is conc]n$1 ev5 ?\gh ! hi/ory ( ! developm5t ( language may %[ u t ! orig9al connection betwe5 ! two 0 ( a diff]5t nature1 & t an ess5tial elem5t 9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 "o language & ano!r consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! same idea is express$ ?r\gh a diff]5t s\nd4 ,ano!r example ( su* b>e signs are col\rs#e1 :i* we us$ 9 cockades or flags 9 ord] to express ! nationality ( an individual or vessel4 ,su* col\rs by !mselves alone c>ry no p>ticul> quality :i* c be imm$iately relat$ to ! ?+ !y signify1 t is1 ! nation :i* !y repres5t4 ,9 a s5se su* z ?is1 :]e ! bond betwe5 ! signification & ! sign is "o ( indiff]5ce1 symbol mu/ n be und]/ood :5 we connect ! expression ) art4 ,= art consi/s precisely 9 ! reciprocal relation1 aff9ity1 & sub/antive fusion ( significance & =m4 #b4 ,we mu/ consequ5tly int]pret sign 9 a diff]5t s5se :5 we speak ( x z equival5t to symbol4 ,! lion is1 = example1 a symbol ( magnanimity1 ! fox symbolizes cunn+1 ! circle et]nity1 ! triangle ! ,triune ,god4 ,"h we f9d t ! lion & ! fox !mselves possess ! qualities ^: import !y s]ve to express4 ,9 ! same way ! circle po9ts beyond ! m]e indef9ite ext5sion1 or ! caprici\sly fix$ limit ( a /raight l9e1 or any o!r l9e t does n return ^u itself1 & :i* at ! same "t is suitable z ! expression ( a def9ite p]iod ( "t2 & ! triangle reg>d$ z a totality possesses ! same numb] ( sides & angles z is involv$ 9 ! idea ( ,god1 :5 ! det]m9ations "u :i* ! religi\s consci\sness def9es ! ,supreme ,be+ are express$ num]ically4 ,9 ! latt] =ms ( symbol !re=e ! objects pres5t$ to ! s5ses h already 9 _! own exi/5ce t significance1 to repres5t & express :i* !y are us$2 symbol z employ$ 9 ?is exp&$ s5se is consequ5tly no purely indiff]5t m>k = some?+ o!r ?an itself1 b a significant fact :i* 9 its own ext]nal =m already pres5ts ! cont5t ( ! idea :i* x symbolizes4 ,at ! same "t x is n ! concrete ?+ x is itself1 :i* x %\ld br+ be=e ! imag9ation1 b simply t g5]al quality ( significance :i* atta*es to x4 #c4 ,we w\ld1 ?irdly1 draw att5tion to ! fact t al?\gh symbol may n1 z is ! case ) ! purely ext]nal & =mal sign1 be :olly inadequate to ! significance d]iv$ f x1 yet1 9 ord] t x may reta9 its "* z symbol1 x mu/ on ! o!r h& pres5t an aspect :i* is /range to x4 ,9 o!r words1 ?\gh ! cont5t :i* is significant1 & ! =m :i* is us$ to typify x 9 respect to a s+le quality1 unite 9 agreem5t1 none ! less ! symbolical =m mu/ possess at ! same "t /ill o!r qualities entirely indep5d5t ( t "o :i* is %>$ by x1 & is once = all m>k$ z significant1 j z ! cont5t#f ne$ n necess>ily be a b>e ab/ract quality su* z /r5g? or cunn+1 b r a concrete sub/ance1 :i* on its side1 too1 possesses a v>iety ( *>act]i/ics :i* di/+ui% x f ! prim>y quality 9 :i* its symbolic "* consi/s1 & 9 ! same way1 b to a /ill great] degree1 f ev]y?+ else t *>act]izes ! symbolical =m4 ,! lion1 = example1 possesses o!r qualities ?an m]e /r5g?1 ! fox ?an m]e cunn+1 & ! appreh5sion ( ,god is n necess>ily b\nd up ) conceptions :i* imply numb]4 ,! cont5t1 !re=e1 z ?us view$1 is also plac$ 9 a relation ( indiff]5ce to ! symbolical =m1 :i* repres5ts x1 & ! ab/ract quality :i* x typifies may q possibly be pres5t 9 c\ntless o!r exi/+ objects4 ,9 ! same way a cont5t :i* is ?us v>i$ 9 its composition may possess _m qualities1 to symbolize any ( :i* o!r =ms w equally s]ve :]e a simil> correspond5ce ) su* is app>5t4 ,! same reason+ is also applicable to ! ext]nal object 9 :i* any p>ticul> cont5t#g is symbolically express$4 ,su* an object1 9 its concrete natural exi/5ce1 possesses a numb] ( *>act]i/ics = all ( :i* x may /& z ! symbol4 ,! mo/ obvi\s symbol = /r5g? is unque/ionably ! lion1 b ! ox & ! horn ( ! ox may equally s]ve z su*1 & f o!r po9ts ( view ! ox possesses _m o!r qualities z significant4 ,b few objects1 if any1 h be5 br\ght home to ! imag9ation ) su* a prodigal weal? ( symbolic =m & imag]y z t ( ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,we may conclude1 !n1 f ! above rem>ks t ! use ( ! t]m symbol is necess>ily#h & ess5tially op5 to ambiguity4 7a7 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 no soon] d we look = "s symbol ?an ! d\bt almo/ inv>iably arises :e!r a p>ticul> =m is to be accept$ z a symbol or no2 & ?is is s1 ?\gh we set on "o side ! fur!r ambiguity ) ref]5ce to ! p>ticul> nature ( ! cont5t1 :i* a giv5 =m "u all ! v>iety ( its aspects may be held to symbolize1 _m ( :i* may be employ$ symbolically ?r\gh associat+ l9ks t d n appe> on ! surface#i4 ,n[ :at a symbol prim>ily (f]s u is g5]ally speak+ a =m1 an image1 :i* ( itself is ! pres5tm5t ( an imm$iate fact4 ,su* imm$iate exi/5ce1 or its image1 a lion = example1 an eagle1 or a p>ticul> col\r1 /&s !re be=e u z x is1 a valid exi/+ fact4 ,! "q consequ5tly arises :e!r a lion1 ^: image is set be=e u1 m]ely is set !re to express ! natural fact1 or :e!r 9 addition to ?is x c>ries a fur!r significance1 t is ! m ab/ract connotation ( m]e /r5g?1 or ! m concrete "o ( a h]o or a p]iod ( ! ye>1 husb&ry & any?+ else we *oose to inf] f x2 :e!r 9 fact1 z we say1 ! image is to be tak5 lit]ally1 or ) a fur!r ideal significance1 or possibly only ) ! latt]4 ,! la/ case f9ds its illu/ration 9 symbolical expressions ( spee* & p>ticul> words su* z compreh5sion1 conclusion#aj & o!rs ( ! same k9d4 ,:5 su* signify m5tal activities we h simply set be=e u ! imm$iate import ( a m5tal activity & no m )\t any recall to our memory ( ! mat]ial acts1 :i* orig9ally 7 impli$ 9 ! mean+ ( ^! words4 ,:5 on ! contr>y ! picture ( a lion is pres5t$ u we h n m]ely ! significance to consid] :i* x may be> z symbol1 b also ! bodily %ape & pres5ce ( ! k+ ( bea/s be=e our eyes4 ,an ambiguity ( ?is nature c only fully disappe> :5 ! s5se atta*$ to bo? aspects1 namely1 symbolical import1 & its ext]nal =m1 is expressly /at$1 & we le>n by ?is means ! exact relation :i* exi/s betwe5 !m4 ,9 t case1 h[ev]1 ! concrete fact :i* is set be=e u ceases to be a symbol 9 ! real mean+ ( ! t]m1 & becomes simply an image1 ! relation ( :i* to significance is express$ by ! well-kn[n =m ( comp>ison1 namely1 simile4 ,9 ! simile1 t is to say1 bo? factors are imm$iately pres5t$ to u1 ! g5]al conception & its concrete image4 ,:5 on ! contr>y reflection has n proce$$ s f> z to hold g5]al conceptions 9 assur$ indep5d5ce1 & consequ5tly to set !m =? by !mselves1 9 t case we f9d t ! s5su\s image to :i* !y are cognate1 & 9 :i* a significance ( m g5]al#aa import is able to f9d its expression is n yet conceiv$ z sep>ate f su* a significance1 b bo? are /ill imm$iately held toge!r 9 unity4 ,& ?is x is :i*1 z we %all see m closely z we proce$1 con/itutes ! di/9ction betwe5 symbol & comp>ison4 ,an illu/ration ( ! latt] k9d may be f\nd 9 t exclamation ( ,k>l ,moor1 z he gazes on ! sett+ sun3 ,?us dies a h]o6 ,"h we see t ! ideal significance is expressly sep>at$ f ! s5su\s impression :ile at ! same "t x is associat$ ) ! picture4 ,9 o!r cases1 x is true ev5 ( similes ?is act ( sep>ation 9 relation is n s cle>ly m>k$1 & ! association appe>s to be m imm$iate2 9 su* cases x mu/ already appe> manife/ f ! g5]al cont5t ( ! n>rative1 f ! position assign$ to ! picture1 or o!r circum/ances1 t view$ z m]ely a /atem5t ( fact1 su* an image is n ju/ifi$1 b t "s special significance or o!r1 :i* _c fail to arre/ our att5tion1 is int5d$ by x4 ,:51 = example1 ,lu!r says3 _/ ,a /eadfa/ /ronghold is our ,god4 _/ or we read3 _/ ,9 d5 ,ocean s*ifft mit taus5d ,ma/5 d] ,jungl+1 ,/ill auf g]ettet5 ,boot treibt 9 d5 ,haf5 d] ,greis#ab4 _/ we c h no d\bt :atev] ^u ! impli$ significance1 :e!r x be ( a protection sugge/$ by /ronghold1 ! _w ( hopes & life-plans symboliz$ 9 ! picture ( ! ocean & ! ?\s& ma/s2 or ! n>r[$ aims & possessions ) ! assur$ plot ( gr\nd at ! end1 :i* is reflect$ f ! boat & ! hav54 ,9 ! same way :5 we read 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t3 ,may ,god break _! tee? 9 _! m\?1 may ! ,"l %att] ! h9d]mo/ tee? ( ! "y lions1 x is obvi\s t nei!r ! words m\?1 tee?1 nor h9d]mo/ tee? ( ! "y lions are us$ 9 ! lit]al s5se1 b are utiliz$ z images & s5su\s ideas1 :i* c>ry a significance only pres5t to ! m9d1 & t su* significance is all t matt]s4 ,?is ambiguity1 !n1 is all ! m conspicu\s 9 ! case ( symbolical repres5tation = ! reason t an image1 :i* c>ries a p>ticul> significance1 only receives ! descriptive "n ( symbol :5 su* significance ceases to be expressly m>k$ by itself1 or is o!rwise cle>ly emphasiz$ z x is 9 ! case ( ! simile4 ,no d\bt ! ambiguity ( ! g5u9e symbol is to ?is ext5t remov$ 9 t by virtue ( ?is v unc]ta9ty ! fusion ( ! s5su\s image & its significance becomes a matt] m or less ( conv5tion & cu/om1 a feature :i* is indisp5sably necess>y 9 ! case :]e m]e signs are us$1 :ile on ! o!r h& ! simile ass]ts itself z some?+ individual1 discov]$ on ! spur ( ! mom5t to assi/ ! mean+1 & is indep5d5tly cle>1 because x emphasizes ! significance alongside ( t indep5d5ce4 ,at ! same "t1 ?\gh no d\bt ! symbol may be cle> en\gh to ^? :o are habituat$ to its use1 & ^: imag9ative life is at home 9 su* a conv5tional atmosph]e1 x is a v diff]5t matt] ) all :o are outside ?is native circle1 or = :om x is n[ a ?+ ( ! ,pa/2 = su* x is only ! imm$iate s5su\s repres5tation :i* is 9 ! fir/ in/ance seiz$1 & x rema9s = ^! 9 e way a "q ( d\bt1 :e!r !y are to re/ satisfi$ ) t :i* lies op5ly be=e _! eyes1 or are to accept ^! z indicators to yet fur!r imag]y or ideas4 ,:51 = example1 we gaze 9 ,*ri/ian *ur*es ^u ! triangle 9 "s conspicu\s position on ! walls1 we at once recognize t ! int5tion is n to place be=e ! view ?is geometrical figure simply z su*1 b r to draw our att5tion to its spiritual significance4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we 7 to f9d x else:]e we %\ld probably feel equally c]ta9 t su* a figure _h no ref]5ce :atev]1 ei!r z sign or symbol1 to ! ,tr9ity4 ,on ! o!r h& a folk /range to ! ideas :i* h gr[n up 9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries might easily feel d\bts 9 bo? cases1 & x is by no means easy = ourselves to det]m9e ) equal c]ta9ty 9 all cases1 :e!r a figure ( ?is k9d is to be und]/ood z pres5t+ u ) its lit]al or symbolical int]pretation4 7b7 ,moreov] ?is ambiguity does n m]ely apply to isolat$ cases1 b ext5ds to va/ areas ( ! entire doma9 ( art1 to ! cont5t ( an almo/ unlimit$ mat]ial op5 to our inspection1 to ! cont5t 9 full ( all t ,ori5tal art has ev] produc$4 ,= ?is reason1 z we ent] = ! fir/ "t ! _w ( anci5t ,p]sian1 ,indian1 or ,egyptian figures & imag9ative conceptions we exp]i5ce a c]ta9 feel+ ( uncann9ess1 we w&] at any rate 9 a _w ( problems4 ,^! fanta/ic images d n at once respond to our own _w2 we are nei!r pleas$ nor satisfi$ ) ! imm$iate impression !y produce on u2 r we are in/9ctively c>ri$ =w>d by x to probe yet fur!r into _! significance1 & to inquire :at wid] & pr(\nd] tru?s may lie conceal$ beh9d su* repres5tations4 ,9 o!r productions ( ! same k9d x is app>5t at ! fir/ glance t !y are1 j l s _m fairy tales ( *ildr51 m]ely an int]play ( pictorial fancy1 a /range texture ( curiosities wov5 toge!r at haphaz>d4 ,= *ildr5 delight 9 j su* an ev5 surface ( pictures1 a play ( ! fancy :i* makes no dem& on ef=t or intellig5ce1 b is simply a collection tumbl$ toge!r4 ,nations on ! contr>y1 ev5 9 _! *ildhood1 require z ! food ( _! imag9ative life a m ess5tial cont5t2 & ?is is j :at 9 fact we f9d 9 ! figures ( ,indian & ,egyptian art1 al?\gh ! int]pretation ( su* problematical pictures is only dimly sugge/$1 & we exp]i5ce great difficulty 9 deciph]+ x4 ,ev5 9 ! prov9ce ( classical art we meet n[ & aga9 ) a l unc]ta9ty1 ?\gh x is ! ess5ce ( classical art to be ?r\gh\t cle> & intelligible on its own surface )\t ! use ( symbolism ( any k9d4 ,& ?is cl>ity ( classical art consi/s 9 ?is t x compreh5ds ! true cont5t ( ,art1 9 o!r words sub/antive#ac subjectivity1 & !reby discov]s at ! same "t ! true =m1 :i* ess5tially expresses no?+ less ?an ?is g5u9e cont5t1 s t :at x appe>s to m9d1 ! significance t is ( x is j t1 :i* is v]itably express$ 9 ! ext]nal =m1 bo? ! ideal aspect & ! pla/ic %ape be+ entirely adequate to ea* o!r2 9 symbolical art1 ! simile1 & o!r =ms ( t k9d1 ! image always br+s be=e p]ception some?+ 9 addition to t significance1 = :i* x m]ely s]ves z ! picture4 ,at ! same "t classical art1 too1 pres5ts u ) an aspect ( ambiguity4 ,9 consid]+ ! my?ological phantasies ( antique art x is frequ5tly a matt] mo/ difficult to decide1 :e!r we d rightly 9 tak+ su* pla/ic figures simply = :at !y are1 cont5t+ ourselves ) m]e wond] ov] ! weal? & *>m1 :i* ?is happy play ( imag9ative vig\r (f]s u1 = ! reason ( c\rse t my?ology is g5]ally accept$ z no?+ b an idle collection ( fairy tales1 or :e!r on ! contr>y we h /ill to seek = a significance ( wid] range & great] dep?4 ,we %all feel ! insi/5ce ( su* a d\bt 9 exceptional =ce :]e ! cont5t ( ^! fables ref]s directly to ! life & activity ( ! ,div9e1 9 cases1 t is1 :]e ! /ories h&$ d[n to u c only be reg>d$ z utt]ly unwor?y ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 indicative ( an inv5tion z entirely inadequate z x is 9 ! wor/ possible ta/e4 ,:5 we read1 = example1 ! twelve lab\rs ( ,h]cules1 or1 to take a /rong] case1 are in=m$ t ,zeus hurl$ ,hephae/us f ,olympus on to ! isl& ( ,lemnos1 ) ! result t ,vulcan rema9$ lame ev] aft]1 we are no d\bt ready to believe t ! entire /ory is no?+ b a fairy tale ( ! imag9ation4 ,x is j z possible to believe t all ! love affairs ( ,zeus are m]e freaks ( a prodigal fancy4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 = ! v reason t su* /ories are told ab\t ! ,supreme ,div9ity1 x is q equally cr$ible t mean+ ( m univ]sal import is hidd5 "u t :i* su* my?s imm$iately transmit to u4 ,) reg>d to su* facts z ^? above /at$1 !re are two !ories curr5t ( exceptional importance & contradictory to ea* o!r4 ,! "o accepts my?ology z a collection ( /ories ( purely ext]nal significance1 :i* z su* c\ld n fail to be unwor?y pres5tations ( ! ,div9e nature1 ?\gh able1 :5 reg>d$ ap>t f su* associations1 to reveal to u mu* t is f9ely conceiv$1 delightful1 int]e/+1 nay1 ev5 ( great beauty4 ,!y (f] u1 h[ev]1 no gr\nd :atev] = attempt+ to enl>ge _! significance4 ,9 ?is view my?ology is 9 ! =m 9 :i* x is pres5t$ purely hi/orical3 "u "o aspect1 t is1 treat+ x z art1 9 its %apes1 pictures1 gods1 toge!r ) all ! practical activities & ev5ts x describes1 x is amply self-suffici5t1 or r by ! way x br+s be=e u t :i* is significant supplies its own elucidation2 f ano!r po9t ( view1 t is to say1 its orig9 9 hi/ory1 we h to reg>d x z built up f local claims1 no less ?an ! *ance caprice ( prie/1 arti/1 & poet1 ! facts ( hi/ory1 =eign leg5ds & traditions4 ,! !ory :i* is oppos$ to ! above is unable to re/ satisfi$ ) ! purely ext]nal husk ( my?ological =m & n>ration1 & insi/s on discov]+ b5ea? x a mean+ ( m univ]sal & pr(\nd] import1 to ma/] :i*1 z x breaks ^u ! surface1 x conceives to be ! ma9 object ( my?ological inquiry reg>d$ z ! sci5tific exam9ation ( ! my?os4 ,9 ?is view my?ology mu/ necess>ily be appreh5d$ z b\nd up ) symbolism4 ,& by symbolism all t is meant "h is j ?is1 t h[ev] biz>re1 ridicul\s1 grotesque su* my?s appe> to be1 h[ev] mu* ! adv5titi\s caprice ( a pla/ic imag9ation may contribute to _! =m1 !y are ess5tially a bir? ( ,_s2 & 9 spite ( x all conta9 9 !m significant ideas1 t is1 ?\ghts ( univ]sal significance ^u ! nature ( ,god2 !y are1 9 %ort1 ,philosophemes4#ad ,9 ?is latt] s5se ! rec5t "w ( ,creuz] on symbolism is p>ticul>ly notewor?y2 ?is writ] has once m tak5 up ! review ( ! my?ological conceptions ( ! anci5t _w1 n1 z is s frequ5tly ! fa%ion1 f ! ext]nal & prosaic /&po9t1 or simply ) ! object ( det]m9+ ?is arti/ic m]it1 b r expressly to elucidate ! intr9sic rationality ( _! sub/ance4 ,su* an inquiry proce$s f ! presupposition t my?s & fabul\s tales h _! orig9 9 ! human _s1 :i* is capable1 no d\bt1 ( play+ freely ) its notions ( gods1 b 9 its religi\s int]e/ m>ks ! po9t :]e x ent]s a m exalt$ sph]e1 9 :i* reason itself is ! discov]] ( =m1 albeit x is *>g$ ) ! defect ( be+ unable at ?is e>ly /age to exhibit ! core f :i* x gr[s ) comm5surate p[]4 ,& ?is assumption is ess5tially j4 ,religion discov]s its f\nta9-head 9 ,_s1 :i* seeks aft] its tru?1 dimly discov]s x1 br++ ! same to consci\sness by means ( any =m1 :i* displays an aff9ity ) ?is =m ( tru?1 be x a =m ( n>r[] or wid] bord]s4 ,b once grant t x is reason :i* seeks aft] su* =ms1 & ! necessity is obvi\s to recognize ! "w ( reason4 ,su* a recognition is alone truly wor?y ( human inquiry4 ,:oev] %elves ?is problem makes himself ma/] ( no?+ b a motley %[ ( unrelat$ le>n+4 ,if we1 on ! o!r h&1 probe into1 ! tru? ( my?ological conceptions z x pres5ts itself to m9d1 )\t at ! same "t exclud+ f our grasp t o!r aspect ( !m1 t is1 ! haphaz>d caprice !re9 ex]cis$ by ! imag9ation1 & all ! ext]nal influ5ces1 local or o!rwise1 :i* h contribut$ to ?is creation1 we %all !n be 9 a position to ju/ify ! v>i\s sy/ems ( my?ology4 ,to ju/ify ! "w ( man 9 ! imag]y & =ms t are ! product ( 8 _s is a noble ent]prise1 ( r>] wor? ?an ! m]e heap+ toge!r ( ! ext]nal facts ( hi/ory4 ,! objection has no d\bt be5 press$ aga9/ ,creuz] t "h1 tread+ 9 ! /eps ( ! new ,platoni/s#ae1 ! wid] significance he elucidates f ! my?s is a creation he atta*es to !m himself2 t1 9 %ort1 he discov]s conceptions 9 !m :i* are n m]ely )\t any hi/orical basis to uphold !m1 b :i* x c be positively %[n he mu/ h fir/ introduc$ be=e he c\ld h f\nd !m2 9 o!r words x is ass]t$ t nei!r ! p ( su* times nor ! poets or prie/s--al?\gh f ano!r po9t ( view emphasis is frequ5tly laid on ! occult wisdom ( ! prie/hood--c\ld h possess$ any k ( su* ideas1 :i* w\ld h be5 :olly incompatible ) ! prevail+ culture4 ,su* objections1 ( c\rse1 are entitl$ to _! full weight4 ,^! peoples1 poets1 & prie/s h n1 9 fact1 be5 consci\s ( univ]sal conceptions 9 ! p>ticul> =m ( univ]sality :i* ! human m9d n[ discov]s at ! root ( _! my?ological ideas1 9 ! s5se t !y c\ld h delib]ately clo!d su* conceptions 9 ! =ms ( symbolism4 ,& z a matt] ( fact ?is is nev] ma9ta9$ ev5 by ,creuz]4 ,b h[ev] true x may be t ! reflections ( ! anci5t _w ov] its my?ology 7 entirely diff]5t f ^? ( ! mod]n1 we are by no means !re=e entitl$ to conclude t ! conceptions ( its my?ology are n ess5tially symbolical1 & z su* mu/ be fully accept$2 r our inf]5ce %\ld be t 9 ! times :5 ^! peoples creat$ ! poetry ( _! my?s1 f ! mid/ ( a life itself /eep$ 9 poetry1 !y w\ld in/9ctively br+ home to consci\sness all t 0 mo/ spiritual & pr(\nd 9 t life 9 ! =ms ( ! imag9ation r ?an t ( reflection1 & fail to sep>ate conceptions :i* 7 m univ]sal or ab/ract f ! concrete creations ( _! phantasy4 ,t ?is really 0 ! case is a fact :i* we h 9 ?is inquiry to accept z fundam5tally e/abli%$2 we may1 nev]!less1 be equally prep>$ to admit t1 9 su* a =m ( int]pretation z ! symbolical1 !ories are apt to slip 9 :i* are m]ely ! product ( artifice & +5uity1 mu* z is ! case ) etymological sci5ce4 7c7 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev] mu* we may f9d ourselves 9 g5]al agreem5t ) ! view t my?ology1 ) its tales ( ! gods & its circum/antial pictures ( a p]si/5tly poetic imag9ation1 includes )9 its bord]s a cont5t1 t is to say rational & pr(\nd religi\s conceptions1 x is /ill op5 to u to ask 9 our exam9ation ( ! symbolical =m ( art :e!r = ! same reason all my?ology & art is to be int]pret$ 9 a symbolical s5se1 9 accordance ) t typical ass]tion ( ,fri$ri* von ,s*legel1 to ! effect t we are b\nd to look = an allegory 9 e arti/ic repres5tation4 ,! symbolical or allegorical is !n und]/ood 9 ! s5se t a g5]al conception#af is assum$ to und]lie e "w ( art z its motive pr9ciple & e my?ological =m1 by br++ ! univ]sal "* ( :i* into prom95ce x %\ld !n be possible to exp\nd ! real significance ( su* a "w or imag9ative creation4 ,?is mode ( treatm5t is1 moreov]1 v commonly adopt$ 9 our own days4 ,we f9d1 = in/ance1 9 ! m rec5t editions ( ,dante a m>k$ t5d5cy to int]pret e canto 9 an exclusively allegorical s5se1 & no d\bt ! poetry ( ,dante conta9s _m examples ( su* allegories4 ,9 ! same way ,heyne's editions ( ! classical poets ev9ce ! same disposition 9 _! comm5t>ies to elucidate ! g5]al significance ( e metaphorical expression by means ( ! ab/ract conceptions ( ! und]/&+4 ,nor is ?is to be wond]$ at2 = x is j ?is faculty :i* is mo/ ready to seize ^u symbol & allegory1 :ile at ! same "t x sep>ates ! s5su\s image f its significance1 & by s do+ de/roys ! unity ( ! arti/ic =m1 an aspect ov] :i* x is1 9 its zeal = a symbolical int]pretation1 :i* aims exclusively at sett+ ! univ]sal *>act]i/ic z su* 9 relief1 :olly indiff]5t4 ,su* an ext5sion ( symbolism ov] e prov9ce ( my?ology & art is by no means t :i* we h 9 view 9 our pres5t consid]ation ( ! symbolical =m ( art4 ,x is n any "p ( our lab\rs to asc]ta9 to :at ext5t a symbolical or allegorical significance1 9 ?is enl>g$ use ( ! t]m1 is applicable to ! =ms ( art4 ,on ! contr>y we %all re/rict ourselves entirely to ! "q h[ f> symbolism itself is entitl$ to rank z a =m ( art2 & ! "q is rais$ 9 ord] t we may f9ally det]m9e ! precise relation :i* subsi/s betwe5 arti/ic significance & arti/ic =m 9 s f> z su* a relation is symbolical & /&s 9 contra/ to o!r modes ( arti/ic pres5tation1 9 p>ticul> ^? ( ! classical & romantic art-=ms4 ,we mu/ consequ5tly endeav\r be=e ev]y?+ else expressly to limit ! field ( our review to t portion :]e we f9d ! symbolical is indep5d5tly portray$ 9 its ess5tial "* & is op5 to our consid]ation z su*1 r ?an attempt to make a symbolical int]pretation co-ext5sive ) ! entire doma9 ( art4 ,& x is consi/5tly ) su* a purpose t we h already subdivid$ ! ,ideal ( art "u its respective symbolical1 classical1 & romantic =ms4 ,9 ! signification we give to ! expression ! symbolical disappe>s at ! po9t :]e we f9d t a free subjectivity r ?an purely ab/ract conceptions det]m9es ! cont5t ( ! arti/ic product4 ,9 ?is case ! consci\s subject is 8 own self-assur$ significance1 8 own self-manife/ation4 ,all t he feels1 conceives1 does1 & p]fects1 8 qualities1 8 actions1 & 8 "*1 all ?is he actually is himself2 ! entire gamut ( 8 spiritual & s5su\s manife/ation has no fur!r significance ?an t ( decl>+ 8 subjective unity1 :i*1 9 ?is process ( expansion & developm5t ( its own weal?1 br+s be=e ! eyes ( all ! man himself z ma/] ov] ! entire field ( objective reality ?us pres5t$ to him1 ! _w 9 :i* he discov]s 8 exi/5ce4 ,significance & s5su\s pres5tm5t1 inw>d & outw>d reality1 fact & picture1 are "h no long] sep>ate f ea* o!r1 ass]t !mselves "h no long] z m]ely cognate1 ! *>act]i/ic di/9ction ( ! symbolic relation1 b r z a totality1 9 :i* ! manife/ation possesses no o!r reality1 ! reality no o!r manife/ation ei!r outside ( or alongside ) itself4 ,t :i* decl>es itself & t :i* is decl>$ is "h posit$#ag 9 its concrete unity4 ,9 ?is s5se ! gods ( ,greece1 9 s f>1 t is to say1 z ! art ( ,greece 0 able to repres5t !m z free1 self-subsi/5t1 & unique types ( p]sonality1 are to be accept$ f no symbolical po9t ( view1 b z self-suffici5t 9 _! own p]sons4 ,! actions ( ,zeus1 = example1 ( ,apollo or ,a!ne are actions appropriat$ by ,art to !mselves & only !mselves1 & mu/ n be all[$ to /& = any?+ b ! might & passion ( su* p]sonages4 ,if we once attempt to ab/ract f free individualities ( ?is k9d "s g5]al conception z ! ess5tial core ( _! significance1 sett+ x alongside _! concrete p>ticul>ity z an int]pretation ( _! entire & individual manife/ation1 we let fall or annihilate all t we h fail$ to obs]ve1 & x is precisely all 9 ^! figures :i* art seeks mo/ to secure4 ,= ?is reason arti/s h be5 unable to take k9dly to su* symbolical int]pretations ( all works ( art & ! my?ological figures we f9d 9 !m4 ,= all t is left u 9 ! sph]e ( art we h j be5 consid]+ :i* is really compatible ) an int]pretation bas$ on symbolism or allegory only affects subsidi>y aspects1 & is = t reason expressly limit$ to ! attribute & ! repres5tative signs2 ! eagle1 = example1 /&s by ,zeus1 an ox is ! companion ( ! evangeli/ ,luke2 ! ,egyptians1 on ! contr>y1 beheld 9 ! =m ( ,apis ! ,div9e itself4 ,! po9t s difficult to decide 9 connection ) ?is manife/ation ( self-consci\s fre$om1 o!rwise s appropriate to arti/ic pres5tm5t1 is j ?is1 :e!r t :i* is plac$ be=e u z su* a subject really possesses a subjective individuality ( ! above quality1 or only c>ries ! m]e semblance ( x 9 ! =m ( a p]sonifi$ %ad[#ah4 ,9 ?is latt] case p]sonality is no?+ b a sup]ficial =m1 :i* fails to express its vital sub/ance 9 p>ticul> acts no less ?an bodily =m1 :i* w\ld o!rwise enable x to p5etrate ?r\gh all t is ext]nal 9 its appe>ance z its own possession1 & in/ead ( ?is /ill reta9s ano!r inw>dness = ! ext]nal reality z its significance1 :i* is n ei!r true p]sonality or subjective fre$om4 ,x is precisely at ?is po9t t we f9d ! b\nd>y :i* includes or excludes symbolic art4 ,our int]e/1 !n1 9 ! consid]ation ( ! symbol consi/s 9 ?is1 t we recognize !reby t process )9 itself :]e we f9d ! beg9n+s ( art1 9 s f> z ! same proce$s f ! notion ( t ,ideal :i* unfolds itself gradually z art 9 its tru?1 & :ile do+ s recognizes ea* /age ( symbolical art z successive /eps :i* conduct u to ! same consummation4 ,h[ev] intimate ! connection betwe5 religion & art may be we are n "h conc]n$ to pass 9 review ei!r symbols or religion "u ! range :i* is co-ext5sive ) ! wid] signification ( ! ^w symbol or emblematical conceptions2 we h exclusively to consid] t aspect ( !m1 accord+ to :i* !y belong to art 9 its own "r1 h&+ ov] _! religi\s aspect to ! hi/orian ( my?ology & symbolism4 ,,division ,,( ,,! ,,subject ,9 proce$+ n[ to a clos] det]m9ation ( ! sev]al divisions ( symbolic art x w be necess>y1 9 ! fir/ place1 to fix ! b\nd>y l9es )9 :i* ! developm5t ( ! successive grades ( ?is type moves =w>d4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 z we h already obs]v$1 ! entire sph]e we h n[ to def9e is 9 pr9ciple a =ec\rt ( art4 ,we h "h1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 significant conceptions :i* are purely ab/ract1 :i* are /ill 9 !mselves de/itute ( ess5tial individuality1 ! imm$iate arti/ic pres5tm5t ( :i* may be z truly describ$ ei!r z adequate or inadequate#ai4 ,our fir/ def9ition ( b\nd>y consi/s1 !re=e1 9 det]m9+ g5]ally ! e>lie/ modes "u :i* arti/ic p]ception & repres5tation "w !mselves out#bj into actuality2 on ! fur!r side ( ! l9e at ! o!r extreme we h real art1 9 ! direction ( :i* symbolic art uplifts itself z to its tru?4 #a4 ,9 discuss+ ! orig9s ( ?is appe>ance ( symbolic art f ! subjective po9t ( view1 we may draw att5tion to an obs]vation made previ\sly1 t ! arti/ic consci\sness1 no less ?an ! religi\s1 or r we %\ld say bo? 9 _! ess5tial unity1 & we may ev5 include ! impulse ( sci5tific inquiry1 h orig9at$ 9 wond]4 ,! man :o is /ill unable to wond] at any?+ lives 9 a condition ( crassness & obtus5ess :i* is devoid ( all int]e/1 9 :i* = him ev]y?+ is z naught = ! reason t he fails z yet to sep>ate or unravel himself f objects ar\nd him & _! own imm$iate & indep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,! man1 h[ev]1 at ! opposite extreme1 ^: wond] is no long] excit$1 is ! man :o contemplates ! entire ext]nal _w z some:at :i* he has made himself cle> ab\t4 ,x may be "u ! ab/ract conceptions ( ! commons5se und]/&+ result+ 9 "s g5]al survey ( k atta9able by ! av]age m9d1 or x may be 9 ! noble or pr(\nd] consci\sness ( 8 own absolute spiritual fre$om & univ]sality4 ,9 ei!r case he has conv]t$ ! b>e fact ( su* objects & _! exi/5ce into "s spiritual insight ( _! tru? br\ght home to himself4 ,we may conclude1 !n1 t wond] orig9ates 9 ! condition :]e we f9d t man1 z consci\s ,_s1 torn away f 8 fir/ mo/ imm$iate association ) ,nature1 & f 8 e>lie/ & entirely active#ba relation to desire1 /eps back f ,nature & 8 own individual exi/5ce1 & seeks aft] & f9ds 9 ! objects :i* surr\nd him a univ]sal1 an ess5tial & p]man5t pr9ciple4 ,!n = ! fir/ "t ! facts ( ,nature a/oni% him1 !y become = him an o!r-?an-himself he w\ld fa9 appropriate1 & )9 :i* he /rives to r$iscov] 8 own sub/ance1 t is ! univ]sal1 ?\ghts1 reason4 ,= ! dim =eta/e "h ( a high] & ! consci\sness ( ! ext]nal are /ill unsev]$1 & ?is ?\gh a contradiction betwe5 ! objects ( ,nature & ! ,_s :i* p]ceives !m is already pres5t1 a contradiction 9 :i* ^! objects appe> to repel him q z mu* z !y attract1 & ! feel+ ( :i*1 9 ! =ce :]e) !y ?ru/ him away1 is1 9 fact1 ! bir?-pang ( 8 v wond]4 ,! e>lie/ result ( ?is condition ( wond] 9 man's vision ( ,nature is t on ! "o h& he sets himself 9 opposition to ,nature & h] objective _w z a pr9ciple#bb1 & adores h] z ,p[]2 on ! o!r he is equally possess$ ) a desire1 :i* craves satisfaction1 to r5d] objective to himself 8 intuition ( a high]1 ess5tial1 & univ]sal some:at1 & to look ^u its rehabilitat$ pres5ce4 ,9 ?is two-fold aspect ( 8 consci\s life he is confront$ by reality 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,! p>ticul> objects ( ,nature1 & above all ^? elem5t>y facts1 sea1 riv]s1 m\nta9s1 & con/ellations1 are n receiv$ by him 9 ! s+ul>ity ( _! imm$iate pres5tm5t to s5se1 b1 c>ri$ up into ! sph]e ( imag9ative conception1 assume = t faculty ! =m ( univ]sal & ess5tially self-subsi/5t exi/5ce4 ,& we may trace ! beg9n+ ( art 9 ?is1 t x reflects ^! ideas ( ! imag9ation ?us univ]saliz$ & ess5tially indep5d5t1 9 visible repres5tation = imm$iate p]ception1 & sets !m =? = m9d 9 ! individual =m ( ! same z objects4 ,! m]e adoration ( ext]nal facts1 ) its ,nature-cult & feti%-cult1 is n z yet on ?is acc\nt an art ( any k9d4 ,"u ! aspect 9 :i* x is relat$ to ! objective _w1 ! beg9n+s ( art are m intimately associat$ ) religion4 ,! e>lie/ works ( art are ( ! my?ological ord]4 ,9 religion x is no?+ less ?an ! ,absolute1 :i* breaks to consci\sness ?r\gh its own impulse#bc1 ?\gh ! det]m9at+ factors ( t consci\sness be ! mo/ ab/ract & jejune conceivable4 ,& ! e>lie/ phase 9 ?is evolution ( ! ,absolute is ! ph5om5al pres5ce ( ,nature1 9 ^: exi/5ce man dimly =ebodes ! ,absolute1 & envisages ! same = himself 9 ! semblance ( natural objects4 ,9 ?is /riv+ ,art discov]s its s\rce4 ,we %all f9d1 h[ev]1 9 ?is v ef=t art fir/ made visible1 n s mu* :]e ! ,absolute is descri$ by human eyes 9 ! ext]nal _w :i* imm$iately confronts !m1 a mode ( ,div9e reality 9 :i* !y re/ cont5t1 b r :]e man's consci\sness evolves f its own sub/ance a mode ( appreh5d+ :at x conceives z ! ,absolute 9 ! =m ( a self-subsi/5t ext]nality1 no less ?an t objective pres5tation :i* he unites ) x 9 m or less adequate fa%ion4 ,= we mu/ rememb] t ,art possesses a sub/antial cont5t :i* is grasp$ by m9d 7_s71 & :i*1 x is true1 appe>s 9 ext]nal guise1 b = all t 9 a =m ( ext]nality1 :i* is n m]ely imm$iately visible to s5se1 b is prim>ily ! product ( m9d reg>d$ z ! exi/+ fact :i* intr9sically compreh5ds t cont5t z a :ole & !n expresses x4 ,art is consequ5tly & by virtue ( its p[] to create =ms cognate ) its own sub/ance ! fir/ int]pret] ( ! religi\s consci\sness2 x1 9 fact1 is ! fir/ to make ! prosaic view ( ! objective _w a ?+ valid to itself#bd1 :5 our humanity has f\ght itself ess5tially free z ! self-consci\sness ( ,_s f ! imm$iacy ( s5se1 & sets itself ov] aga9/ ! same 9 ! /r5g? ( ! same fre$om ) :i* x accepts & und]/&s t objectivity z simply ext]nal fact & no m4 ,?is complete sep>ation ( ! subject & object ( s5se-p]ception is1 h[ev]1 indicative ( a consid]ably lat] phase ( man's spiritual hi/ory4 ,! fir/ k ( tru?1 on ! contr>y1 decl>es itself z an int]m$iate /ate betwe5 ! purely un9tellig5t absorption ( ! individual 9 ,nature & t spiritual condition :i* is entirely releas$ f x4 ,?is int]m$iate /ate1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ,_s m]ely envisages = itself its conceptions 9 ! pla/ic =ms ( ,nature's objects because x /ill fails to ma/] any =m ( high] significance1 al?\gh x /rives ?r\gh su* association to br+ ! two aspects ( its exp]i5ce into "o homog5e\s :ole1 is1 to put x 9 its g5]al t]ms1 ! attitude ( art & poetry z contra/$ ) t ( ! prosaic und]/&+4 ,& = ?is reason we f9d t ! prosaic consci\sness decl>es itself fir/ 9 its full bloom1 :]e1 z is ! case 9 ! ,roman & 9 lat] times ?r\gh\t our own ,*ri/ian _w1 ! pr9ciple ( ! subjective fre$om ( ,_s is realiz$ 9 its ab/ract & actually concrete =m4 #b4 ,&1 secondly1 ! f9al aim t[>d :i* ! ef=t ( symbolic art is direct$1 & ) ! atta9m5t ( :i* ! symbolic type is dissolv$1 is classical art4 ,b al?\gh we f9d 9 ?is latt] =m ! true manife/ation ( art's ess5ce fir/ elaborat$1 x is n ! fir/ type ( art4 ,r x presupposes )9 its cont5t all ! v>i\s m$iat+ & transitional /ages ( ! symbolic =m itself4 ,x is q true t ! ess5tial aim ( t cont5t is to reveal ! notion z a r\nd$ & self-def9$ totality1 t is 9 its concret5ess & actuality z ! individuality ( ,_s2 b ! notion is only !n able to decl>e itself 9 su* concrete =m to consci\s life aft] x has pass$ ?r\gh a v>iety ( m$iatory /ages =c$ ^u x by ! ab/ract conceptions :i* ! nature ( its own initial impulse presupposes4 ,x is classical art1 h[ev]1 :i* br+s to a close all ! m]e prelim9>y exp]im5ts ( art 9 ! direction ( symbolism & ! sublime#be4 ,& x is able to d ?is inasmu* z ! subjective _s f9ds 9 x1 z its ess5tial possession1 a =m truly adequate to its sub/ance1 & 9 ! same way t ! self-det]m9+ notion creates f its own pot5cy ! individual exi/5ce t fully expresses x4 ,:5 once ,art has discov]$ its true cont5t1 & by do+ s f\nd its true =m1 its se>* & /riv+ aft] bo?1 :]e9 ! defect ( symbolical art consi/s1 is !re) at an end4 ,if we seek fur!r = a clos] pr9ciple ( division ( symbolic art )9 ! limits ( ! b\nd>ies on ei!r extreme hi!rto discuss$1 we %all f9d ! same g5]ally "u ! modes 9 accordance ) :i* x cont5ds ) ! g5u9e significances ( art & _! truly appropriate =ms1 ! battle t is app>5t 9 a cont5t :i* is /ill /riv+ 9 opposition to ! tru? ( art1 no less ?an 9 a =m t is equally inadequate to express x4 ,= bo? aspects1 al?\gh ext]nally unit$ 9 ! id5tity ( "o creation1 are nei!r br\ght completely toge!r !mselves1 nor p]meat$ ?r\gh\t ) ! notion ( art 9 its tru?2 & = ?is reason !y appe> q z mu* z conte/ants /ruggl+ to be free f ! defects ( _! union4 ,we may1 9 %ort1 describe symbolic art ?r\gh\t z a cont9u\s w> c>ri$ on betwe5 ! comp>ative adequacy & inadequacy ( its import & =m#bf2 & ! v>i$ gradations ( symbolic art are n s mu* k9ds ( specific diff]5ce z !y are /ages & phases ( "o & ! same incongruity betwe5 ! spiritual idea & its s5su\s m$ium4 ,at fir/1 h[ev]1 ?is cont5tion is only pot5tially pres5t1 t is to say ! incompatibility ( ^! two sides1 ^: union is ?us affirm$ & en=c$1 is n yet op5ly pres5t to consci\sness4 ,& ?is is s = ! reason t x nei!r recognizes = itself 9 its univ]sal nature ! import :i* x seizes1 nor is able to compreh5d ! realiz$ =m 9 its self-subsi/5t & self-exclusive exi/5ce2 consequ5tly1 in/ead ( repres5t+ to ! s5ses bo? aspects 9 _! diff]5ce1 x is cont5t to proce$ ^u ! imm$iate appe>ance ( id5tity :i* x en=ces4 ,9 ?is orig9al po9t ( dep>ture we h be=e u ! z yet insep>able unity ( ! art-=m & ! symbolical expression x seeks aft]1 f]m5t+1 z x 71 b5ea? ! association ( contradictory elem5ts 9 my/]i\s guise--! unity1 t is1 ( ! real & primordial symbolism1 ^: pla/ic %apes are z yet n posit$ z symbols at all4 ,! t]m9ation ( ?is process#bg1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! disappe>ance & dissolution ( ! symbolic type altoge!r4 ,! /rife :i* has hi!rto be5 m]ely impli$ 9 x is n[ br\ght home to ! arti/ic consci\sness4 ,! act ( symbolization 9 consequ5ce becomes ! consci\s sev]ation ( ! transp>5t significance1 :i* is n[ recogniz$ = :at x is f ! s5su\s image cognate ) x4 ,9 ?is sev]ation1 h[ev]1 !re /ill rema9s an express relation ( reciprocity1 :i*1 h[ev]1 decl>es itself z su* no long] 9 ! mode ( imm$iate id5tity1 b r z a m]e comp>ison betwe5 ! two1 9 :i* t diff]5tiation & sep>ation :i* 9 ! previ\s type 0 n br\ght cle>ly to consci\sness /ill rema9s z conspicu\s a factor4 ,& ?is is ! sph]e ( t symbolism :]e ! symbol is recogniz$ z su*4 ,"h we f9d ! arti/ic import recogniz$ & pres5t$ 9 its indep5d5t univ]sality1 ^: concrete embodim5t is expressly plac$ 9 subord9ation z an image ( t pres5tm5t1 & no m1 & z su* a comp>ative m$ium is utiliz$ = ! purpose ( arti/ic repres5tation4 ,halfway betwe5 t />t+-po9t above describ$ & ?is t]m9ation ( ! symbolic type we f9d ! art ( ! sublime4 ,9 ?is ! ess5tial import1 posit$ z ! univ]sality ( ,_s 9 its absolute self-exclusion1 dis5gages itself 9 ! fir/ place f concrete exi/5ce1 p]mitt+ ! same to appe> z a m]e negative1 ext]nal & subs]vi5t factor beside x1 :i* x is unable to leave1 9 ord] t x may express itself 9 x1 /&+ 9 its native self-subsi/5cy4 ,r x f9ds x necess>y to decl>e x z t :i* is ess5tially defective & self-dissolv+1 & ?is1 moreov]1 al?\gh x has naught beside z means = its expression ?an j ?is to :i* x opposes itself z ext]nal & nugatory4 ,! spl5d\r ( ?is import ( ! sublime may be accept$ 9 ! ord] ( ! notional process z previ\s to t ( ! mode ( g5u9e comp>ison = ?is reason1 t ! concrete p>ticul>ity ( natural & any o!r ph5om5a mu/ necess>ily be treat$ 9 ! fir/ place negatively1 m]ely appropriat$1 t is to say1 z ! adornm5t & embelli%m5t ( ! unrea*able might ( ,_s's absolute significance1 be=e t express sev]ation & discrim9at+ comp>ison ( ext]nal %apes cognate )1 & yet at ! same "t di/9ct f1 ! import1 ^: image !y reproduce1 c ass]t itself4 #c4 ,! ?ree pr9cipal /ages#bh above indicat$ break up naturally on clos] inspection into ! foll[+ subdivisions we n[ summ>ize 9 ! *apt]s :i* include !m4 ,,fir/ ,,*apt] ,a4 ,! fir/ /age :i* pres5ts itself 9 ?is portion ( our subject-matt] is z yet nei!r to be describ$ /rictly z symbolical1 nor z belong+ /rictly to art2 x r cle>s ! road to bo?4 ,x is ! sph]e ( ! imm$iately cogniz$ & sub/antive unity ( ! ,absolute reg>d$ z spiritual significance ) its unsev]$ s5su\s exi/5ce 9 a =m pres5t$ by ,nature4 ,b4 ,9 ! second /age we pass to ! symbol 9 its real s5se2 ! dissolution ( ! fir/ unity above describ$ "h comm5ces1 & :ile1 on ! "o h&1 ! significances ass]t !mselves 9 _! indep5d5t univ]sality above ! p>ticul> ph5om5a ( ,nature1 on ! o!r !y are necess>ily =c$ ) a l insi/5cy to pres5t !mselves to consci\sness toge!r ) ?is preconceiv$ univ]sality 9 ! concrete =m ( natural objects4 ,9 ?is prim>y & tw(old /ruggle to spiritualize ,nature1 & to pres5t t :i* is born ( ,_s to s5se1 at ?is /age ( ! conflict betwe5 !m1 we meet ) all ! f]m5t & wild1 toss$ hi!r & ?i!r m$ley1 ! entire fanta/ic & confus$ _w t is to say ( symbolic art1 :i* half surmises1 x is true1 ! incongruity ( its mann] ( %ap+1 yet is unable to rem$y ! same save ?r\gh ! di/ortion ( its figures1 :ile /ra9+ aft] a purely quantitative sublimity t w\ld fa9 dev\r all limits4 ,9 ?is phase consequ5tly we f9d ourselves 9 a _w /eep$ ) poetic phantasies1 incr$ibilities & miracle1 yet fail to enc\nt] "o "w ( g5u9e beauty4 ,c4 ,ow+ to ?is /rife betwe5 ! spiritual significance & its s5su\s pres5tation1 we are conduct$ ?irdly to ! /age we may describe z t ( ! true symbol1 on :i* ! symbolic "w ( art = ! fir/ "t appe>s 9 its complete "*4 ,! =ms & %apes are "h no long] ^? pres5t to s5se1 :i*1 z we saw on ! fir/ m5tion$ /age1 7 imm$iately co9cid5t ) ! ,absolute z _! positive exi/5ce1 )\t any fur!r modification at ! h&s ( art2 nei!r1 z 9 ! second phase1 are !y int5t on ass]t+ _! unreconcil$ mat]ial aga9/ ! univ]sality ( ! significance m]ely ?r\gh ext5sions ( ! quantitative limits ( ,nature's objects1 ! ebullitions ( a riot+ fancy4 ,r ! symbolic =m1 :i* is "h ?r\gh\t app>5t1 is ,art's own creation1 a "w n m]ely capable ( express+ its own individuality1 b f ano!r po9t ( view possess$ ) ! p[] ( pres5t+ at ! same "t bo? ! p>ticul> object t x is & ! fur!r univ]sal significance ) :i* x is associat$1 & :i* x !reby discloses to ! m9d1 s t ^! v %apes /& be=e u z problems :i* we are imp]atively call$ ^u to unriddle & probe to ! inw>d *>ge :i* !y c>ry4 ,we may at once fur!r v5ture ! g5]al rem>k ) ref]5ce to ^! m cle>ly def9$ types ( a symbolism /ill to be rank$ z elem5t>y t !y spr+ f ! religi\s attitude to exi/5ce ( entire nations2 = :i* reason x w =m "p ( our plan to recall _! position 9 hi/ory4 ,n t complete id5tification ( specific types ) a giv5 p]iod is :olly feasible4 ,r x w\ld be tru] to say t p>ticul> modes ( conception & pres5tation1 :5 we ref] !m g5]ally to "s k9d ( arti/ic type1 are m+l$ up toge!r1 s t we f9d ! specific type1 :i* we h reason to reg>d z ! fundam5tal "o 9 any p>ticul> nation's g5]al view ( exi/5ce1 exemplifi$ bo? 9 e>li] & lat] peoples#bi1 ?\gh its repetition may only be discov]$ 9 subord9ate & isolat$ cases4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 we may say t we possess ! m concrete manife/ations & visible pro(s ( ! fir/ /age 9 ! anci5t ,p]sian religion ( ! second 9 ! ,indian1 ( ! ?ird 9 t ( ,egypt4 ,,second ,,*apt] ,9 ! second *apt] t significance1 :i* has hi!rto be5 m or less obscur$ by its p>ticul> s5su\s =m1 has at la/ wre/$ its way to fre$om1 & its indep5d5t "* is br\ght cle>ly to consci\sness4 ,) ?is victory ! relation ( real symbolism is dissolv$2 we h in/ead1 ?r\gh ! way 9 :i* ! absolute significance#cj is cogniz$ z ! univ]sal sub/ance int]p5etrat+ ! entire ext5sion ( ! visible _w1 ! art ( ! absolute ess5ce#ca 9 ! =m ( a symbolism ( ! sublime2 & ?is n[ takes ! place ( purely symbolical & fanta/ic sugge/ions1 de=mities1 & riddles4 ,we h "h ma9ly two po9ts ( view to di/+ui% :i* are bas$ ^u diff]5ces 9 ! relation ( ! sub/antive ess5ce1 t is ! ,absolute & ,div9e1 to ! f9itude ( ! app>5t4 ,or r we may say t ?is relation is capable ( be+ tw(old1 bo? positive & negative1 al?\gh 9 bo? =ms1 inasmu* z x is 9 ei!r case univ]sal sub/ance1 :i* has to appe>1 x is n ! p>ticul> =m & import ( ! objective facts1 b _! g5]al pr9ciple ( animation & _! position relatively to ?is sub/ance :i* is made visible to s5se4 ,a4 ,9 ! fir/ phase or type ?is relation is s conceiv$1 t sub/ance1 "h ! ,all & ! ,"o deliv]$ f e =m ( p>ticul>ity1 is imman5t 9 ! det]m9ate ph5om5a z ! animat+ pr9ciple :i* br+s !m into be+ & is _! life2 & moreov]1 x is affirmatively & imm$iately pres5t to ! vision 9 ?is imman5ce1 & is compreh5d$1 & made ! object ( repres5tation by ! individual :o surr5d]s himself to its pres5ce ?r\gh ! ador+ self-absorption 9 ?is indwell+ ess5ce ( ! entire _w ( cont+5t & mat]ial ?+s4 ,9 ?is po9t ( view we h ! art ( ! ,pan!ism :i* possesses ! ,sublime z its inh]5t pr9ciple1 an art su* z we f9d x 9 its elem5t>y /age 9 ,india1 !n elaborat$ 9 all its spl5d\r 9 ,mohamm$anism & its arti/ic my/icism1 & f9ally ) /ill pr(\nd] significance reappe>+ 9 c]ta9 manife/ations ( ,*ri/ian my/icism4 ,b4 ,! negative relation on ! o!r h& ( true ,sublimity we mu/ look = 9 ,hebraic poetry4 ,9 ?is poetry ( ! ,glori\s1 :i* is only conc]n$ to celebrate & exalt ! unimag9able ,"l ( ! heav5s & ! e>? t x may employ ,8 entire creation z ! pass+ in/rum5t ( ,8 ,p[]1 z ! mess5g]s ( ,8 ,glory1 z ! delight & ornam5t ( ,8 ,greatness1 ?is s]vice ( ,8 ,creation1 be x nev] s magnific5t#cb1 is delib]ately posit$ z negative1 & ?is = ! reason t x is unable to discov] any adequate or positively suffici5t expression = ! ,p[] & ,dom9ion ( ! ,highe/1 & is only able to atta9 a g5u9e satisfaction by means ( ! subjection ( ! creature1 :i* 9 ! feel+ & admission ( its unwor?9ess is alone able ) adequacy to express its insignificance#cc4 ,,?ird ,,*apt] ,?r\gh ?is indep5d5t self-ass]tion ( significance1 made ?us transp>5t to consci\sness 9 its isolat$ simplicity1 ! sev]ation ( ! same f ! imag$ appe>ance1 ^: incomm5surability ov] aga9/ x has already be5 accept$1 is n[ ess5tially complete2 & albeit1 along ) ! fact ( ?is consci\s sep>ation1 bo? =m & import may /ill p]si/ 9 ! relation ( an intimate aff9ity1 a necessity :i* is impli$ 9 ! fact ( _! be+ symbolical art1 yet ?is relation no long] atta*es to ei!r import or =m1 b is plac$ n[ 9 a ?ird mode ( conception1 :i* accord+ to its own po9t ( view1 c>ries relations ( simil>ity ) bo? ^! sides#cd1 & 9 reliance on ^! relations makes visible & decl>es ! indep5d5tly transp>5t significance by means ( ! cognate & p>ticul> image4 ,ow+ to ?is *ange ! image1 in/ead ( rema9+ z x 0 previ\sly ! unique expression ( ! ,absolute1 becomes n[ m]ely an ornam5t1 & we !reby discov] a relation :i* ceases to correspond ) ! notion ( beauty4 ,9 o!r words image & significance1 in/ead ( be+ m\ld$ "o )9 ! o!r1 confront ea* o!r z opposites1 precisely1 9 fact1 z 0 ! case 9 g5u9e symbolism1 ?\gh !n ! process rema9$ incomplete4 ,consequ5tly works ( art :i* are bas$ on ?is =m are ( subord9ate rank1 & _! cont5t is unable to comprise ! ,absolute itself1 & is necess>ily re/rict$ to circum/ances & occurr5ces ( n>r[] range4 ,= ?is reason ! =ms :i* are n[ "u discussion are = ! mo/ "p m]ely us$ occasionally & by way ( div]sion4 ,m closely consid]$ we h 9 ?is *apt] to di/+ui% betwe5 ?ree pr9cipal /ages ( our process4 ,a4 ,to ! fir/ we appropriate ^? types ( pres5tation commonly kn[n z ,fable1 ,p>able1 & ,apologue4 ,9 ^! ! sev]ation ( =m & significance1 :i* con/itutes ! *>act]i/ic trait ( ! entire sph]e to :i* ?is *apt] ref]s1 is n z yet expressly recogniz$2 t is to say1 ! subjective aspect ( ! comp>ison is n yet fully emphasiz$2 consequ5tly also ! repres5tation ( ! p>ticul> & concrete ph5om5on1 ?r\gh :i* ! univ]sal significance is f9ally to decl>e itself1 /ill rema9s ! pr$om9ant factor4 ,b4 ,9 ! second /age1 on ! contr>y1 ! univ]sal import ass]ts its indep5d5t ma/]y ov] ! elucidat+ =m1 :i* n[ appe>s m]ely z attribute1 or1 "u ! guise ( an image1 caprici\sly select$ by ! m9d :i* makes ! contra/4 ,to ?is type belong ! ,allegory1 ,metaphor1 & ,simile4 ,c4 ,9 ! ?ird /age we meet ) ! visible & complete collapse ( ^? relat$ aspects 9 ! symbol :i* previ\sly _h ei!r be5 imm$iately jo9$ 9 union1 despite ! fact ( _! relative incongruity1 or 9 _! indep5d5t sev]ation _h /ill p]si/$ "u a relation ( aff9ity#ce4 ,out ( ?is arises t =m ( cont5t :i* is cogniz$ z indep5d5t 9 its prosaic#cf univ]sality1 to :i* ! art-=m has become :olly an ext]nal relation2 on ! "o h& we f9d x repres5t$ by ! didactic poem1 on ! o!r t v aspect ( its ext]nal =m is accept$ = :at x is1 & exemplifi$ 9 s-call$ descriptive poetry4 ,"h we f9d t e association & relation ( symbolism has vani%$2 we h to look r\nd u = "s m compreh5sive union ( =m & cont5t1 & "o m truly adequate to ! notion ( art4 ,footnote #e3 ,s ! ,fr5* expression des c\leurs1 & our ,engli% ! col\rs4 ,footnote #f3 ,hegel uses ! 'te*nical t]m ,inhalt 9 ?is passage to signify ei!r 7a7 ! quality ( significance1 or 7b7 ! object :i* is symboliz$ by virtue ( "s select$ quality4 ,! use ( x 9 bo? s5ses makes ! passage some:at difficult to foll[4 ,footnote #g3 ,inhalt "h evid5tly is ! ab/ract quality4 ,footnote #h3 ,necess>ily because su* ambiguity is impli$ 9 ! idea 7se9em ,begriff na*74 ,footnote #i3 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is ! s5se4 ,! language lit]ally is1 ,:i* a =m "u sev]al possible significations1 z symbol ( any ( :i* 7d]57 x c be employ$ (t5 ?r\gh connect+ l9ks 7,zusamm5hnge7 m remote1 may be tak5 to symbolize4 ,footnote #aj3 ,! ,g]man words are ,begreif5 & ,s*liess51 :i* 9 _! orig9al s5se are to grasp ) ! h& 7preh5do7 & to %ut or lock up4 ,! ,engli% words 9 a /ill fa9t] =m c>ry ! same significance ?r\gh ! ,lat9 language4 ,! symbolism ( language at ?is /age is obvi\sly only app>5t to ! /ud5t ( language4 ,footnote #aa3 ,t is1 m ab/ract4 ,footnote #ab3 ,or 9 ,engli%3 _/ ,=? on ! ocean is %ipp$ ,y\? ) 8 ?\s& sails3 ,sil5t 9 b>k b>ely sav$ /eals into h>b\r old age4 _/ ,footnote #ac3 ,sub/antielle1 t is1 an arti/ic consci\sness :i* is aw>e ( its own ess5tial nature--,_s1 & ! object ( pure intellig5ce--! ,ideal4 ,footnote #ad3 ,p]haps we %\ld r say a ,!osophy4 ,footnote #ae3 ,! ,alex&r9e ,s*ool1 ( :i* ,plot9us & ,philo are lead+ names4 ,footnote #af3 ,e9 allgeme9] ,g$anke4 ,! ref]5ce ?r\gh\t ?is p>agraph to ! univ]sality ( ! ideas ( reflection z contra/$ ) ! s5su\s image is r a ref]5ce to ! ab/ract conceptions ( ! analytical m9d1 t is1 :i* are usually und]/ood z univ]sals 9 ! s5se ( g5]ic conceptions1 ?an any full] grasp ( concrete reality su* z possesses a truly ideal significance4 ,s 9 its application to ! metaphor ,i imag9e :at is meant is t we h "h ! process ( dry analysis :i* m]ely de/roys its significance z metaphor1 t is1 its syn!tic unity = our ae/hetic s5se4 ,footnote #ag3 ,i/ aufgehob51 "h n 9 ! s5se ( be+ cancell$1 b rais$ to ! expression ( concrete unity4 ,footnote #ah3 ,als blosse ,p]sonification1 t is1 an individualization :i* imp]sonates ! subjective id5tity )\t possess+ its concrete sub/ance1 a p]sonifi$ %ad[ l ! sph9x4 ,su* appe>s to be ! s5se4 ,footnote #ai3 ,because ! cont5t = :i* su* %apes 7,ge/altung7 are giv5 is itself incoh]5t1 & !re=e incompatible ) adequate expression4 ,footnote #bj3 ,si*h]vor>beit54 ,our ^w elaborate is "h insuffici5t4 ,hegel means ! mode 9 :i* ! ,idea ( art works itself free f entirely pot5tial obscurity into a liv+ =ce1 a real en]geia4 ,we _c say em]ges into daylight1 h[ev]1 because ! highe/ grasp ( symbolic art is /ill only a twilight4 ,x is l ! gr[? ( ! plant-g]m1 /ill und]gr\nd1 or p>tially s4 ,footnote #ba3 ,pracktis*54 ,n matt]-(-fact relation1 b r a relation t ass]ts itself exclusively 9 action4 ,footnote #bb3 ,als ,grund1 t is1 z a fundam5tal unity ( ! real4 ,footnote #bc3 ,die er/e nh] ge/alt5de ,dollmet*]91 lit41 ! fir/ int]pret] :i* supplies =ms m ne>ly cognate ) itself4 ,footnote #bd3 ,x is valid 7gelt5d7 because x introduces !re its own spiritual nature4 ,footnote #be3 ,! previ\s /atem5t ( ,hegel mu/ n be ov]look$1 h[ev]1 & x may be consid]ably amplifi$1 t !re is mu* 9 romantic art :i* is relat$ to symbolism & ! sublime4 ,take ! case ( ! celebrat$ sculpture ( ,mi*ael ,angelo typify+ ,night1 ,day1 ,dawn1 & ,twilight1 or su* mod]n pictures z ^? ( ,watts's ,! ,m9otaur & ,! ,_s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,footnote #bf3 ,or r betwe5 ^? aspects ( its import & =m :i* are reciprocally homog5e\s & ^? :i* are n4 ,footnote #bg3 ,?is process ( symbolic art4 ,footnote #bh3 ,haupt/uf54 ,! ^w signifies ei!r ! phase or grade ( a process ( developm5t1 or to take ! metaphor us$ by ,hegel above 7,/adi57 may p]haps be bett] translat$ by /age1 z ?\gh indicat+ ! successive /ages ( a j\rney4 ,footnote #bi3 ,i ?9k ,vlk]n r ?an ,zeit5 mu/ be "h und]/ood1 & ! s5se appe>s to be t ! confusion indicat$ ref]s to a m+l+ ( =ms appropriate to a nation 9 "o hi/orical p]iod ) ^? t are m cognate ) a p at any e>li] or x may be lat] p]iod4 ,b unque/ionably ?is attempt to id5tify a type z betwe5 diff]5t nations ) hi/orical p]iods t w h>monize ) ,hegel's own classification is a difficult matt] z we may see by ! fact t ,egypt1 ! olde/ example ( all1 repres5ts ! ?ird /age4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! confusion ref]r$ to is appli$ to ! p>ticul> developm5t ( any "o p1 ! examples giv5 by ,hegel d n be> on ! difficulty !y illu/rate4 ,footnote #cj3 ,or r ! import ( ! ,absolute4 ,footnote #ca3 ,sub/antiality1 call$ bel[ die ,sub/anz2 ! ^w signifies ! real ess5ce ( ! ,absolute4 ,footnote #cb3 ,! pr9cipal clause ( ?is s5t5ce has no end z pr9t$4 ,! auxili>y mu/ be omitt$ ei!r be=e 9 diesem ,di5/e or e9e positive4 ,i pref] ! fir/ alt]native4 ,footnote #cc3 ,! relative "h agrees1 ,i ?9k1 ) die ,di5/b>keit r ?an die ,kreatur or die ,poesie4 ,hegel says compatible ) itself & its significance1 we %\ld r say its s5se ( its own insignificance4 ,footnote #cd3 ,hegel's words are sond]n 9 e9em subjectiv5 ,dritt51 wel*es 9 beid5 ,seit5 na* se9] subjectiv5 ,ans*auung1 etc4 ,?is subjective ?ird is1 z expla9$ bel[1 ! way 9 :i* ! relation betwe5 ! image & ! absolute significance ceases to be reg>d$ z id5tical4 ,footnote #ce3 ,?is s5t5ce z x /&s is ungrammatical2 !re is a *ange 9 ! con/ruction z x proce$s4 ,footnote #cf3 ,! prosaic univ]sality is ! prose ( its =m sep>at$ f cont5t4 ,x is prosaic because x is unrelat$ to ! vitality ( ! notion4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,unconsci\s ,,symbolism ,n[ t we pass to ! consid]ation ( ! sev]al di/9ctions ( symbolical art 9 m detail1 we h to make a beg9n+ ) ! id5tical beg9n+ ( art z x proce$s out ( ! notion ( art itself4 ,?is comm5cem5t1 z we h se51 is ! symbolical =m ( art 9 its /ill imm$iate =m :]e9 ! appe>ance1 z purely image or lik5ess1 is nei!r br\ght to consci\sness nor presuppos$--unconsci\s symbolism1 t is to say4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 we %all be 9 a position to consid] ?is =m 9 its g5u9e symbolical "*1 x w be necess>y to review sev]al presuppositions :i* ! notion ( symbolism itself det]m9es 9 ord] t we may utilize !m = ! basis ^u :i* ! symbol may unfold itself = sci5tific appreh5sion4 ,! po9t f :i* we make a />t may be def9$ m closely z foll[s3 ,! fundam5tal root ( ! symbol is1 reg>d+ x f "o aspect1 ! imm$iate union ( ! univ]sal & !reby spiritual significance ) ! =m :i* may at ! same "t be describ$ z adequate & inadequate1 an inadequacy1 h[ev]1 :i* is z yet unp]ceiv$4 ,?is association1 h[ev]1 mu/1 on ! o!r h&1 receive a =m f ! imag9ation & art1 & mu/ n m]ely be conceiv$ z a ,div9e reality exclusively imm$iate to s5se4 ,by ?is means ! symbolical orig9ates 9 ! fir/ in/ance ) ! sev]ation ( a univ]sal import f ! imm$iate pres5ce ( ,nature1 9 ^: exi/5ce ! ,absolute is contemplat$ z actually pres5t4 ,^! two aspects supply u ) ! prelim9>y /ages = ! g5u9e =ms ( symbolic art4 ,! fir/ presupposition consequ5tly--we may call x ! com+ into be+ ( ! symbolical--is n t union :i* is ! product ( art1 b r j t imm$iate unity ( ! ,absolute & ,true & its exi/5ce1 :i* is discov]$ 9 ! visible _w ap>t f art's m$iation4 ,a4 ,,imm$iate ,,unity ,,( ,,significance ,,& ,,=m ,9 ?is id5tity ( ! ,div9e imm$iately envisualiz$1 a ,div9e1 :i* is br\ght home to consci\sness z ! union ( its det]m9ate exi/5ce 9 ,nature & humanity1 ,nature is nei!r tak5 simply = t :i* x is 9 isolation by itself1 nor is ! ,absolute sev]$ f x & posit$ 9 an indep5d5t self-subsi/5ce4 ,consequ5tly x is :olly beside ! po9t to speak ( a di/9ction "h betwe5 ! ,inw>d & ! ,ext]nal1 ! significance & ! =m1 & ?is = ! reason t ! ,inw>d is n z yet releas$ 9 its indep5d5ce z significance f its imm$iate reality 9 ! object ( s5se4 ,:5 we apply "h ! expression import#cg1 su* m]ely emphasizes our own reflection ^u x1 :i* is due to ! necessity = ourselves p]sonally to reg>d ! =m1 :i* conta9s t :i* is spiritual & inw>d "u ! mode ( s5se-p]ception1 g5]ally z some?+ ext]nal to u1 ?r\gh :i* we are desir\s ( p5etrat+ into ! ,inw>d1 t is1 its animat+ life & significance1 9 ord] t we may und]/& x4 ,= ?is reason we are "u ! necessity f ! v fir/1 :5 deal+ ) su* g5]al impressions ( s5se-p]ception1 ( mak+ an ess5tial dem>cation betwe5 ^? cases 9 :i* ! peoples1 :o 9 ! fir/ in/ance exp]i5c$ !m1 !mselves 7 cle>ly consci\s ( ?is ,inw>d itself z su*1 t is1 z a spiritual significance1 & ^? 9 :i* ! use ( su* expressions is only applicable to ourselves1 :o n[ & only n[ recognize an import ( ?is k9d 9 ! cont5t ( t ext]nal expression ( s5se-envisagem5t4 ,9 ?is prim>y unity su* z ! latt] cases involve1 !re is no su* di/9ction betwe5 s\l & body1 notion & reality1 z is impli$ 9 ! =m]4 ,t :i* we describe z corporeal & s5su\s1 natural & human1 is n m]ely an expression = a significance :i* proce$s at ! same "t to a po9t ( di/9ction f x#ch2 b ! ph5om5on is itself conceiv$ z ! imm$iate reality & pres5ce ( ! ,absolute1 :i* does n 9 addition possess "s o!r mode ( self-subsi/5t exi/5ce1 b is conf9$ exclusively to ! imm$iate pres5ce ( an object ( s5se1 :i* is ,god or ! ,div9e4 ,9 ! s]vice ( ! ,lama1 = example1 ?is p>ticul>1 actual human be+ is imm$iately kn[n & ador$ z ,god1 j z 9 o!r natural religions ! sun1 m\nta9s1 riv]s1 ! moon1 p>ticul> animals1 su* z ! bull1 ape1 & s on1 are look$ ^u z imm$iately ,div9e exi/5ces & wor%ipp$ z sacr$4 ,we may obs]ve a simil> directness1 if "u a mode ( pr(\nd] application1 ev5 n[ 9 _m aspects ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness4 ,accord+ to ,ca?olic doctr9e1 = example1 ! consecrat$ bread is ! real body1 & ! w9e ! real blood ( ,god1 & ,*ri/ is imm$iately pres5t !re92 nay1 ev5 accord+ to ! ,lu!ran fai?1 bo? bread & w9e are conv]t$ into su* real body & blood by virtue ( ! fai? ( ! recipi5t4 ,9 ?is my/ical union x is n m]ely a symbolism :i* is express$1 a po9t ( view :i* comes into prom95ce z ! result ( x = ! fir/ "t 9 lat] doctr9es ( ! re=m$ ,*ur*1 :]e we f9d z a result ! spiritual significance is expressly sev]$ f ! s5su\s object1 & ! ext]nal m$ium is !n accept$ z m]ely po9t+ to an import :i* is di/9ct f itself4 ,9 ! same way ! p[] ( ?is ,div9e is held to op]ate 9 ! miracle-work+ images ( ! ,virg9 z a ,div9e =ce t is imm$iately pres5t )9 !m1 & n m]ely "u symbolical guise ?r\gh ! significant import ( su* pictures4 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ ?or\gh & univ]sal exemplification ( ?is absolute & imm$iate unity ( s5se-p]ception 9 ! life & religion ( ! anci5t ,z5d-p1 ^: conceptions & in/itutions are pres]v$ = u 9 ! ,z5d-,ave/a4 #a4 ,9 o!r words ! religion ( ,zoroa/] beholds ,light 9 ! =m ( its natural exi/5ce1 ! sun1 />s1 & fire 9 ! lum9\s activity & flames :i* proce$ f !m1 actually z ! ,absolute1 )\t sep>at+ ?is ,div9e indep5d5tly f t ,light ei!r z its expression & image or ! s5su\s m$ium !re(4 ,! ,div9e1 ! significance1 is n ?us sev]$ f its det]m9ate exi/5ce 9 ! =m ( lights1 h[ev] display$4 ,= ev5 :5 light is accept$ "h 9 ! s5se ( ,goodness & ,ju/ice1 & ?r\gh su* significance is ext5d$ to all t is ri* 9 bless+1 support1 & life1 x is /ill n tak5 z ! m]e image ( su* ?+s1 b ,light is itself ! ,good4 ,& ! same view applies to ! opposite ( light1 namely1 obscurity & d>kness :5 id5tifi$ ) t :i* is unclean1 hurtful1 evil1 de/ructive1 & deadly4 ,?is po9t ( view may be m closely def9$ & consid]$ z foll[s3 7a7 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! ,div9e1 z ! ess5tial purity ( ,light#ci1 & ! ,d>kness & ,unclean are1 x is true1 p]sonifi$ "u ! names ( ,ormuzd & ,ahriman respectively4 ,?is p]sonification is1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh\t entirely sup]ficial4 ,ormuzd is no ess5tially free individuality devoid ( all relation to ext]nal objects#dj z 0 ! ,god ( ! ,jews1 or truly spiritual & p]sonal z is ! ,god ( ,*ri/ianity :5 conceiv$ z truly p]sonal & self-consci\s ,_s2 r ,ormuzd1 despite ! fact t he is describ$ also z k+1 great _s & judge1 rema9s insep>able f su* ext]nal exi/5ce z ,light & its illum9ations4 ,he is exclusively ?is univ]sal *>act]i/ic ( all p>ticul> exi/5ces1 9 :i* light & !reby ! ,div9e & ,pure are realiz$1 )\t any additional p[] to )draw himself 9 a spiritual univ]sality & indep5d5ce into 8 own sub/ance f t :i* is ?us imm$iately pres5t$4 ,8 consi/5ce re/s 9 ! p>ticul> facts ( exi/5ce precisely 9 an analog\s way to t ( ! g5us 9 ! species4 ,x is true t reg>d$ z ?is univ]sal he is sup]ior to all t is :olly p>ticul>1 & is ! fir/1 mo/ supreme1 ! k+s ( k+s glori\s 9 8 gold1 ! pure/ & s =?2 b he reta9s 8 exi/5ce none ! less exclusively 9 all t is lum9\s & pure z ,ahriman 9 all t is obscure1 evil1 de/ructive1 & *>g$ ) disease4 7b7 ,z a result ?is mode ( vision is at ! same "t ext5d$ to ! conception ( an empire ( light & d>kness1 & ! /rife betwe5 ^! =ces4 ,9 ! empire ( ,ormuzd x is 9 ! fir/ place ! ,ams*asp&s1 z ! sev5 pr9cipal lights ( heav51 :i* receive adoration z ,div9ity1 inasmu* z !y are ! ess5tial p>ticul> exi/5ces ( ,light1 & = ?is reason con/itute z a pure & spaci\s empeopl$ heav51 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,div9e itself4 ,e ,ams*asp&1 to :i* ,ormuzd belongs1 has assign$ to x days ( prec$5ce1 bless+1 & b5efic5ce4 ,! ,iz$s & ,f]n]s c>ry ! conception /ill fur!r into specification1 :i* x is probable en\gh are p]sonifications ( ,ormuzd himself1 albeit !y add to him no fur!r %ape t we may envisage z human1 s t nei!r ! spiritual nor ! bodily mode ( subjectivity1 b simply ! exi/5ce z light1 appe>ance1 illum9ation1 spl5d\r1 rema9s ! ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ! object envisag$4 ,9 ! same way also ! p>ticul> objects ( ,nature1 :i* !mselves d n exi/ 9 ext]nal =m z lights & lum9\s bodies1 su* z animals1 plants1 & s =?1 no less ?an ! =ms :i* *>act]ize ! human _w1 :e!r we view x "u its spiritual or bodily pres5tm5t1 9 o!r words ! p>ticul> activities & conditions ( x1 ! entire life ( ! /ate1 ! k+ ) ! sev5 great m5 :o support him1 ! division ( classes1 cities1 ! v>i\s prov9ces ) _! gov]nors1 all t is w>rant$ by exp]i5ce z typical ( ! be/ & pure/ = ! protection ( ! re/--! entire reality1 9 fact1 ( ?is life is reg>d$ z an exi/5ce ( ,ormuzd4 ,= ev]y?+ t c>ries )9 itself & promulgates :at has solidity1 life1 & sub/ance is an exi/5ce ( ,light & ,purity1 & consequ5tly an exi/5ce ( ,ormuzd2 e p>ticul> tru?1 excell5ce1 love1 ju/ness1 e individual example ( life1 b5efic5ce1 protection1 spiritual p[] & enjoym5t or b5ignity is1 accord+ to ,zoroa/]1 reg>d$ z ess5tially ,light & ,div9e4 ,! empire ( ,ormuzd is ! ,pure & ,illum9at+ ( visible reality2 & con=mably to ?is !re is no di/9ction betwe5 ! ph5om5a ( ,nature or ,_s1 j z ,light & ,goodness1 ! spiritual & ! s5su\s quality1 are insep>ably bl5d$ 9 ! conception ( ,ormuzd himself4 ,! spl5d\r ( a creature is consequ5tly = ,zoroa/] ! v sub/ance ( _s1 =ce1 & life-exhalations ( e k9d1 9 s f>1 t is1 z !y t5d to actual cons]vation & to ! removal ( ev]y?+ positively evil & hurtful1 = t :i* is ! ,real & ! ,good1 :e!r 9 bea/1 man1 or vegetable life1 is ,light1 & x is accord+ to ! measure & mode ( display ( ?is lum9\sness t ! relative p[] or weakness ( ! spl5d\r ( all objects is det]m9$4 ,an articulation & graduat$ division ( simil> "* is f\nd 9 ! empire ( ,ahriman1 m]ely ) ! diff]5ce t :at is spiritually or naturally evil1 & g5]ally ! de/ructive & actively negative pr9ciple ass]ts itself 9 actual ma/]dom4 ,b ! might ( ,ahriman mu/ n be suff]$ to spread2 ! aim ( ! entire _w is consequ5tly assum$ to be t ( annihilat+ ! ,empire ( ,ahriman1 9 ord] t ! life1 pres5ce1 & dom9ion ( ,ormuzd may prevail ?r\gh\t creation4 7c7 ,to ?is exclusive object ! entire life ( humanity is consecrate4 ,! life-task ( e man consi/s exclusively 9 a purification ( s\l & body1 & 9 ! ext5sion ( ?is bless+ & ?is conflict ) ,ahriman ?r\gh\t all ! conditions & activities ( ! life ( man or ,nature4 ,! highe/ & mo/ sacr$ duty is consequ5tly to glorify ,ormuzd 9 8 creation1 & to love1 hon\r1 & con=m oneself to all t proce$s f 8 ,light & is ess5tially pure4 ,ormuzd is ! beg9n+ & end ( all adoration4 ,above all else ! ,p>see is mov$ to summon ! life ( ,ormuzd 9 ?\ght & spee*2 he is ! ma9 object ( 8 pray]s4 ,& 9 ! exaltation ( him1 f :om ! entire _w ( ! ,pure has /ream$ 9 its spl5d\r1 ! devotee is 9 duty b\nd to accommodate 8 adoration ( p>ticul> objects accord+ to ! measure 9 :i* !y proclaim 8 maje/y1 wor?1 & p]fection4 ,s f> z !y are good & r+ s\nd1 to t ext5t1 ! ,p>see reasons ) himself1 is ,ormuzd alive )9 !m2 he loves !m z ! *ildr5 ( 8 purity1 yea1 rejoices ov] !m z 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 sub/ance1 =asmu* z ?r\gh him 0 ev]y?+ br\ght =? 9 newness & purity4 ,& = ! same reason is all pray] direct$ fir/ & =emo/ to ! ,ams*asp&s z ! mo/ intimate reflections ( ,ormuzd1 z ! primates ( supreme spl5d\r :o surr\nd 8 ?rone & advance 8 dom9ion4 ,su* pray] to ^! heav5ly spirits is imm$iately direct$ to _! qualities & activities1 & 9 ! case ( />s at ! "t ( _! upris+4 ,! sun is invok$ by day1 & always ) ! *anges appropriate to 8 own motion ?r\gh sunrise1 noonday1 or sunset4 ,f morn+ till noonday ! devotion ( ! ,p>see c5tres 9 ?is t ,ormuzd may exalt 8 spl5d\r2 at ev5+ he prays t ! sun may ?r\gh ,ormuzd & ! protect+ c>e ( e ,tz$ p]fect ! c\rse ( 8 life4 ,b pr9cipally we f9d hon\r paid to ,mi?ras1 :o1 z ! fruit-br+] to ! ,e>? & ! wild]ness1 p\rs =? ! f]m5t+ sap ov] all ,nature1 & z mighty *ampion aga9/ all ! ,devas ( cont5tion1 w>1 confusion1 & de/ruction1 is ! au?or ( peace4 ,9 addition to ?is ! ,p>see1 9 8 g5]ally s+le-ton$ songs ( praise1 exalts 8 ideals1 t is1 ! pure/ & mo/ v]itable examples ( human life1 ! ,f]v] conceiv$ z pure human spirits1 on :atev] portion ( ! ,e>?'s surface !y live or h liv$4 ,9 ! *ief place pray] is (f]$ to ! pure _s ( ,zoroa/]1 & aft] him to ! lead+ lights ( all classes1 cities1 & prov9ces2 & already 9 ?is religion1 we f9d t ! spirits ( all mank9d are contemplat$ z unit$ toge!r ) a suffici5t bond 9 t !y are memb]s 9 ! liv+ association ( ,light1 :i* h]eaft] 9 ,gorotman %all receive a yet m p]fect union4 ,f9ally1 n ev5 ! animals1 m\nta9s1 & vegetable _w are =gott51 b are appeal$ to z embodim5ts ( ,ormuzd2 all t is good & s]viceable 9 !m to mank9d is extoll$1 & especially ! fir/ & mo/ excell5t ( its k9d is ador$ z ! pres5t exi/5ce ( ,deity4 ,& ov] & above ?is wor%ip ( ,ormuzd & ( e =m ( select$ excell5ce among ! pure & b5efic5t objects ( 8 creation ! ,z5d-,ave/a is insi/5t ^u ! practice ( goodness & ! purity ( ?\ght1 ^w1 & de$4 ,! ,p>see is to be 9 ! entire display ( 8 ext]nal & inw>d man z ,light1 z ,ormuzd1 ! ,ams*asp&s1 & ! ,iz$s1 z ,zoroa/] & all good m5 live & d4 ,su* live & h liv$ 9 ! ,light1 & all _! de$s are ,light2 !re=e %all e man make !m an example to 8 eyes & foll[ aft] ! same4 ,! m purity ( light & goodness man expresses 9 8 life & accompli%m5t1 ! ne>] he /&s to ^? spirits ( heav54 ,z ! ,iz$s ?r[ ! bless+ ( _! b5efic5ce ov] ev]y?+1 are a s\rce ( life & fruitfulness & fri5d%ip1 s1 too1 he mu/ seek to purify ,nature1 to ennoble h]1 & to rea* abroad ! light ( life & ! joy ( pl5te\sness4 ,9 accordance !re) he %all fe$ ! hungry1 t5d ! sick1 (f] ! dr9k ( consolation to ! ?ir/y1 give ro( & %elt] to ! w&]]1 provide pure se$ = ! ,e>?1 delve clean *annels ( wat]1 plant ! wa/e ) trees1 n\ri% to ! be/ ( 8 p[] _! gr[?1 c>e = ! su/5ance & fructification ( ?+s alive1 keep pure ! lamb5cy ( fire1 remove f sight ! dead & unclean bea/1 e/abli% m>riages1 & 9 ! do+ !re( ! holy ,sap&omad1 ! ,iz$ ( ! ,e>?1 h]self rejoices1 av]t+ ! h>m :i* ! ,devas & ! ,d>v&s are busy to prep>e4 #b4 ,if we ask ourselves once m1 aft] ?is del9eation 9 outl9e ( ! fundam5tal conceptions ( ?is sy/em1 :at is ! symbolical "* ( ! same !re c be b "o reply1 namely1 t !re is no trace "h ( any?+ we h previ\sly describ$ z symbolical4 ,on ! "o side1 no d\bt1 we h light 9 its obvi\s natural =m1 & on ! o!r x possesses ! fur!r significance ( all t is ri* 9 goodness1 bless+1 & p]man5ce4 ,x is1 !re=e1 possible to cont5d t ! actual exi/5ce ( light is m]ely an image cognate ) ?is univ]sal significance1 :i* int]p5etrates e "p ( ! _w ( ,nature & mank9d4 ,if we apply su* an int]pretation to ! conception ( ,p>sees !mselves we %all f9d su* a sep>ation ( exi/5ce & its import to be false2 = ^! ! ,light z ,light is actually ! ,good1 & is s appreh5d$ t x is 9 ! =m ( light pres5t & active 9 ev]y?+ t is good1 vital1 & positive4 ,! univ]sal & ,div9e is c>ri$ no d\bt ?r\gh ! di/9ctions ( ! _w ( p>ticul> objects1 b 9 ?is its diff]5tiat$ & p>ticul>iz$ exi/5ce1 ! sub/antial & insep>able unity ( import & =m rema9s con/ant1 & ! di/9ctions t are involv$ 9 ?is unity d n affect ! diff]5ce ( significance qu significance1 & its manife/ation1 b only ! di/+ui%+ features ( p>ticul> objects1 su* z />s1 organic life1 human op9ions & actions1 9 :i* ! ,div9e z ,light or ,d>kness is imm$iately op5 to s5se4 ,9 ! fur!r embrace ( su* conceptions !re are no d\bt po9ts ( connection ) incipi5t symbolism1 b we get out ( !m no real type ( t mode ( view+ ?+s 9 its complet5ess2 !y w only pass mu/] z isolat$ traits 9 its direction4 ,to su* effect ,ormuzd is on "o occasion made to say ( 8 belov$ "o ,ds*ems*id3 ,! holy ,f]v] ( ,ds*ems*id1 ! son ( ,viv5gham1 0 great be=e me4 ,8 h& receiv$ f me a dagg]1 ^: %>pness 0 gold1 & ^: %aft 0 gold4 ,!re) ,ds*ems*id m>k$ out ?ree hundr$ portions ( ! ,e>?4 ,he split up ! ,e>?-realm ) 8 gold-plate1 yea1 ) 8 dagg] & spake3 ',let ,sap&omad rejoice4' ,he spake ! holy ^w ) pray] to ! tame cattle & ! wild & unto m54 ,s 8 pass+ ?r\gh 0 happ9ess & bless+ = ^! l&s & animals ( ! home & ! field1 & m5 ran toge!r into great dwell+s4 ,"h we f9d 9 ! dagg]1 & ! cleav+ ( ! ,e>?-soil an image :i* may be int]pret$ z significant ( agriculture4 ,agriculture is /ill no ess5tially spiritual activity1 & j z little is x a purely natural "o2 x is r a univ]sal occupation ( mank9d1 :i* results f reflective ?\ght & exp]i5ce1 & :i* has po9t ( association ) all ! relations ( life4 ,x is no d\bt nev] expressly /at$ 9 ?is conception ( ! pass+ ( ,ds*ems*id t ?is splitt+ ( ! ,e>? ) ! dagg] indicates agriculture2 nor is !re a s+le ^w add$ ( any increase ( ! fruits ( ! field by virtue ( ?is division2 = ! reason1 h[ev]1 t 9 ?is p>ticul> act m appe>s to be includ$ ?an ! m]e turn+ ov] & loos5+ ( ! soil1 we are l$ to look = a fur!r significance b5ea? x4 ,! same obs]vations apply to m rec5t conceptions1 su* z we f9d exemplifi$ 9 ! lat] elaboration ( ! wor%ip ( ,mi?ras1 :]e ,mi?ras is repres5t$ z a y\? :o 9 ! dusk ( a grotto raises on high ! bull's head & plunges a dagg] 9 8 neck1 :]eon a s]p5t licks up ! blood1 & a scorpion gnaws 8 g5itals4 ,?is symbolical acc\nt has receiv$ an a/ronomical & o!r int]pretations4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 f9d 9 x a /ill m univ]sal & pr(\nd] mean+1 & take ! bull g5]ally to p]sonify ! pr9ciple ( ,nature1 ov] :i* man1 z ess5tially _s1 secures ! victory1 & ?is ?\gh a/ronomical associations may also be impli$ 9 x4 ,t1 h[ev]1 su* a revolution z ! victory ( ,_s ov] ,nature is conta9$ 9 x is also sugge/$ by ! "n ( ,mi?ras1 or m$iator1 m especially if we ref] x to a lat] p]iod :5 su* uplift+ ov] ,nature 0 already a necessity pres5t to ! national consci\sness4 ,symbols su* z ! above1 h[ev]1 z already obs]v$1 only incid5tally come to ! =e 9 ! conceptions ( ! anci5t ,p>sees1 & d n 9 any way con/itute a pr9ciple = _! fundam5tal type ( ?\ght4 ,/ill less c we describe ! cultus1 :i* ! ,z5d-,ave/a inculcates1 z "o ( symbolical t5d5cy4 ,we f9d no trace "h1 = example1 ( symbolical dances 9 celebration or imitation ( ! int]lac$ revolutions ( ! />s2 z little any o!r =ms ( activity :i* may pass z ! sugge/ive c\nt]feit ( univ]sal conceptions2 r all actions :i* are prescrib$ to ! ,p>see z imp]ative 9 a religi\s s5se are matt]s directly conc]n$ ) ! actual enl>gem5t ( 8 purity1 ei!r ( s\l or body1 & appe> z direct$ ) "o int5t & "o object ( realization1 namely1 t ( increas+ ! actual dom9ion ( ,ormuzd ov] m5 & ! objects ( ,nature1 an object consequ5tly :i* is n m]ely symboliz$ 9 su* activity1 b entirely c>ri$ out4 #c4 ,= ! reason1 !n1 t a g5u9e symbolic type fails absolutely :5 appli$ to ?is religi\s sy/em1 x is equally de/itute ( a true arti/ic "*4 ,no d\bt we may g5]ally describe its mode ( conception z poetical = ! p>ticul> facts ( ,nature are j z little z ! p>ticul> s5tim5ts1 circum/ances1 acts1 & affairs ( m5 treat$ 9 _! imm$iate & consequ5tly haphaz>d & prosaic relation :i* is void ( all significance1 & are r contemplat$ ess5tially 9 ! ,absolute z v ,light2 or to put x ! o!r way1 ! univ]sal ess5ce ( ! concrete reality ( ,nature & mank9d is n conceiv$ 9 ! univ]sality :i* is )\t exi/5ce or =m1 b ?is univ]sal & t p>ticul> is envisag$ & express$ 9 imm$iate union4 ,su* a mode ( view+ exi/5ce may possibly claim a c]ta9 beauty1 bread?1 & l>g5ess ( its own1 & 9 contra/ to gross & s5seless idols ,light is no d\bt z ! ess5tially pure & univ]sal elem5t1 an adequate image ( ,goodness & ,tru?4 ,b = all t we f9d t poetry "h fails to pass beyond a g5]al conception2 x nev] rea*es ei!r art or ! works ( art4 ,= ! ,good & ! ,div9e are nei!r ess5tially def9$1 nor is ! consi/5cy & =m ( ?is cont5t a creation ( m9d 7,_s72 b r1 z we h already f\nd1 ! ?+ :i* is imm$iately pres5t to s5se1 namely1 ! actual sun1 />s1 fire1 organic nature1 ?r\gh\t its vegetation1 animal & human life1 is conceiv$ z ! appropriate =m ( ! ,absolute 9 ?is its exi/5t & imm$iate %ape4 ,! s5su\s repres5tation is n1 z ,art requires1 ! pla/ic product ( m9d1 %ap$ & discov]$ by ! same1 b imm$iately id5tifi$ ) & express$ by ! ext]nal exi/5t %ape z its appropriate c\nt]feit4 ,x is q true1 9 ano!r aspect1 ! p>ticul> ?+ is1 by means ( ! imag9ation1 also fix$ 9 an indep5d5t relation to its reality1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,iz$s & ,f]v]s1 t is1 9 ! g5ii ( p>ticul> m52 ! poetic inv5tion1 h[ev]1 discov]$ 9 ?is incipi5t sev]ation is ( ! weake/ k9d = ! reason t ! di/9ction rema9s entirely ( a =mal "*1 s t ! g5ius1 ,iz$ or ,f]v]1 nei!r includes nor is able to include any real *>act]i/ic cont5t ( its own1 b1 in/ead ( ?is1 ei!r repeats "o id5tical cont5t or possesses no?+ m ?an ! purely empty =m ( ! subjectivity1 :i* ! exi/+ individual already possesses4 ,! product ( ! imag9ation "h is consequ5tly nei!r an o!r & pr(\nd] significance nor ! self-subsi/5t =m ( an ess5tially ri*] individuality4 ,& :5 we moreov] f9d p>ticul> objects envisag$ on ! wid] plane ( g5]al conceptions & g5]ic types1 to :i*1 z appropriate to su* types1 ! imag9ation v\*safes a real exi/5ce1 ev5 "h also ?is uplift+ ( multiplicity into ! sph]e ( an all-compreh5d+ & ess5tial unity1 reg>d$ z ! basic core & sub/ance ( ! individuals t con/itute ! same species & g5us1 c only 9 a yet m indef9ite s5se be accept$ z an activity ( ! imag9ation1 no real exemplification ( ei!r poetry or art4 ,s we h1 = in/ance1 9 ! holy fire ( ,behram ! ess5ce ( fire2 & 9 ! same way !re is a wat] t und]lies all exi/5t wat]4 ,s1 too1 ,horn is e/eem$ z ! fir/1 pure/1 & mo/ /alw>t among trees1 ! primordial tree f :i* ! life-sap full ( immortality fl[s2 & among all m\nta9s ,albords*1 ! sacr$ m\nta91 is set be=e u z ! primaeval root ( ! ,e>?1 erect 9 ! spl5d\r ( ! ,light1 f :i* ! good de$s ( all m5 proce$1 :o h possess$ ! k ( ,light1 & on :om ! sun1 moon1 & />s repose4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 we may affirm t ! univ]sal is visibly kn[n 9 imm$iate union ) ! actual objects ( s5se1 & x is m]ely n[ & aga9 t univ]sal conceptions are embodi$ 9 ! p>ticul> image4 ,9 yet m prosaic fa%ion does ! cultus ( ?is religion make z its pr9cipal object ! dom9ion ( ,ormuzd a reality :i* int]p5etrates all ?+s1 m]ely requir+ ?is "o ess5tial condition to ! adequacy ( e object1 namely1 its purity1 & )\t attempt+ !re) to con/ruct f su* any exi/5t =m ( art t is bas$ ^u imm$iate life1 z1 = example1 ! w>riors & wre/l]s ( ,greece 7 s ready to d 9 _! arti/ic elaboration ( physical p]fection4 ,f :atev] side1 !n1 or :atev] may be ! po9t ( view f :i* we reg>d ?is fir/ unity ( spiritual univ]sality & s5su\s reality1 we only get f x ! basis ( symbolical art2 x /ill fails to possess a real symbolism ( its own1 & is unable to produce works ( art4 ,9 ord] t we may atta9 ?is object1 :i* is ! next 9 view1 we mu/ pass away f ! union we h j consid]$1 & exam9e modes ( conception :]e ! diff]5ce & conflict betwe5 significance & =m is m really emphasiz$4 ,b4 ,,fanta/ic ,,symbolism ,quitt+ n[ ! sph]e ( ?\ght 9 :i* ! id5tity ( ! ,absolute & its ext]nally envisag$ exi/5ce is imm$iately cogniz$1 we h1 z an ess5tial det]m9ation to />t f1 ! sev]ation ( ^! two aspects hi!rto unit$1 a cleavage :i* /imulates ! ef=t to re/ore once m ! visible brea* by means ( an elaborate fus+ toge!r ( ! :ole ?us divid$ by a ri* use ( ! images ( phantasy4 ,) ?is attempt ! ess5tial ne$ = art is felt = ! fir/ "t4 ,no soon] has ! imag9ation succe$$ 9 hold+ fa/ its envisag$ cont5t1 :i* is no long] grasp$ 9 imm$iate union ) ! objects ( s5se1 9 isolat$ sep>ation f t exi/5ce1 ?an = ! fir/ "t _s is confront$ ) ! task ( reclo?+ ) ! mat]ial ( phantasy = s5su\s p]ception1 t is1 "u ! r5ew$ mode ( a spiritual product1 ^! g5]al conceptions & ( creat+ ?r\gh ?is activity ! %apes ( art4 ,& = ! reason t 9 ! /age ( our process :]e we n[ f9d ourselves1 ?is task is capable ( only a symbolic solution1 we may easily fall "u ! impression t we /& already 9 ! sph]e ( g5u9e symbolism4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! case4 ,:at imm$iately faces u "h are ! =ms ( a f]m5t+ phantasy#da1 :i* 9 ! re/lessness ( its fanta/ic dreams m]ely indicates ! pa? :i* conducts u to ! real c5tre ( symbolical art4 ,9 ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! di/+ui%+ relation betwe5 significance & ! mode ( its pres5tation1 bo? ! sev]ation & ! association are /ill grasp$ 9 a confus$ mann]4 ,?is confusion is necessitat$ by ! fact t nei!r ( ! p>t$ aspects ( diff]5ce h z yet atta9$ a totality1 capable ( emphasiz+ ! precise po9t 9 ! process1 :i* w s]ve z ! fundam5tal det]m9ation ( ! oppos$ side 9 x1 & by means ( :i* = ! fir/1"t a really adequate union & reconciliation is r5d]$ possible4 ,_s 7m9d71 to illu/rate our difficulty fur!r1 det]m9es by virtue ( its own totality ! side ( ! ext]nal ph5om5on out ( its own ess5tial sub/ance q z really z x does its own spiritual cont5t = ! obvi\s reason t ! ess5tially complete & indep5d5t ph5om5on only receives its adequate =m z ! ext]nal exi/5ce ( t :i* is spiritual4 ,9 ! case1 h[ev]1 ( ?is prim>y sev]ation ( ! significances appreh5d$ by m9d1 & ! exi/5t _w ( ph5om5a su* aspects ( significance are n ^? ( concrete spiritual life1 b ab/ractions1 & ?is expression also is entirely de/itute ( spiritual int5sion1 & is consequ5tly1 9 an ab/ract s5se1 purely ext]nal & s5su\s4 ,?is tw(old impulse 9 ! direction ( disunion & union is = ! same reason an un/eady gait#db1 :i* ranges f ! objects ( s5se 9 undef9$ & unmeasur$ wa/e imm$iately to ! aspects ( univ]sal import1 & is only able to discov] = ! inw>d cont5t ( consci\sness ! absolutely oppos$ =m ( s5su\s %apes4 ,& x is ?is v contradiction :i* is set =? z a means ( really unit+ elem5ts :i* contradict ea* o!r4 ,! result is t in/ead ( s do+ x is fir/ driv5 f "o side ( ! opposition into ! o!r1 & !n aga9 is hurl$ 9 its ceaselessly alt]nat+ dance into ! =m] extreme1 :ile x believes t 9 ?is rock+ to & fro ( its /ra9 x has f\nd ! means to lull itself to repose4 ,in/ead ( gett+1 !re=e1 a true satisfaction we h ! contradiction m]ely affirm$ z its g5u9e resolution1 & 9 addition ! union mo/ incomplete ( all is set =? z t :i* art really requires4 ,we mu/ n !re=e expect to f9d 9 su* a field ( confusion worse conf\nd$ ! true =ms ( beauty4 ,9 ?is re/less leap f "o oppos$ extreme to ! o!r all t we f9d f "o po9t ( view 9 ! s5su\s mat]ial t is absorb$1 reg>d+ ! same 9 its s+ul>ity no less ?an z x con/itutes its elem5t>y appe>ance to s5se1 is t ! bread? & pot5cy ( e import ( univ]sality is associat$ !re) 9 :at mu/ consequ5tly be a :olly inadequate way4 ,f ano!r aspect t :i* is mo/ univ]sal1 z soon z ! process has pass$ f ! same1 is %amelessly plung$ "u ! rev]se treatm5t into ! v he>t ( ! s5su\s pres5t2 & if any feel+ ( ! incompatibility ( su* an ef=t is consci\sly p]ceiv$1 ! imag9ation "h is only capable ( r5d]+ assi/ance by means ( di/ortions :i* c>ry ! p>ticul> %apes ov] & beyond _! own secure b\nd>ies1 add+ to _! ext5sion1 mak+ !m ev] m indef9ite1 by an imag9ative leap :i* m\nts to ! immeasurable1 breaks up e bond ( union1 & 9 its v /ra9 aft] reconciliation reveals ea* oppos+ factor 9 its mo/ unmitigat$ ho/ility#dc4 ,^! e>lie/ & /ill mo/ uncontroll$ attempts ( imag9ation & art we meet mo/ signally among ! anci5t races ( ,india1 ! ma9 defect ( ^: productions1 :5 view$ relatively to _! p>ticul> position at ?is /age ( our classification1 consi/s 9 ?is1 t !y are nei!r able to seize ! pr(\nd] aspects ( significance 9 indep5d5t cl>ity1 nor grasp ! reality ( s5se-p]ception 9 its *>act]i/ic =m & mean+4 ,! ,h9doo race has consequ5tly prov$ itself unable to compreh5d ei!r p]sons or ev5ts z p>ts ( cont9u\s hi/ory1 because to any hi/orical treatm5t a c]ta9 sob]ness is ess5tial ( accept+ & und]/&+ facts 9 _! true & indep5d5t =m1 & subject to _! m$iat+ l9ks1 gr\nds1 causes1 & objects1 be+ empirically asc]ta9$4 ,! natural impulse to ref] all & ev]y?+ back to ! ,div9e is ho/ile to ?is prosaic reasonabl5ess1 no less ?an its t5d5cy to prefigure = itself 9 ! mo/ ord9>y or mo/ s5su\s ( objects a pres5ce & reality ( godhead creat$ by its own imag9ation4 ,^! peoples consequ5tly1 ?r\gh _! confus$ int]m+l+ ( ! ,f9ite & ! ,absolute1 9 :i* ! logical ord] & p]man5ce ( ! prosaic facts ( ord9>y consci\sness are disreg>d$ altoge!r1 despite all ! pr(usion & extraord9>y boldness ( _! conceptions1 fall into a levity ( fanta/ic mirage :i* is q z rem>kable1 a flight9ess :i* dances f ! mo/ spiritual & pr(\nde/ matt]s to ! meane/ trifle ( pres5t exp]i5ce1 9 ord] t x may int]*ange & confuse imm$iately ! "o extreme ) ! o!r4 ,if we conc5trate our att5tion m closely ^u ! m conspicu\s features ( ?is cont9u\s b\t ( intoxication1 ?is craze & condition ( craze1 :at we are conc]n$ ) is n to trace religi\s conceptions z su*1 b m]ely to emphasize ! po9ts ( prom95ce :i* relate su* modes ( conception ) art4 ,^! may be indicat$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,"o extreme ( ! consci\sness ( ! ,h9doo is ! consci\sness ( ! ,absolute1 "h reg>d$ z ! ess5tially & absolutely ,univ]sal1 undiff]5tiat$ & consequ5tly :olly indef9ite4 ,?is supreme ( ab/ractions1 inasmu* z x is nei!r 9 possession ( a p>ticul> cont5t1 nor is conceiv$ "u ! mode ( concrete p]sonality1 is1 f :atev] side y may look at x1 no object at all t ! imag9ation act+ ?r\gh ! s5ses c reclo! = art4 ,brahman#dd1 tak5 9 a g5]al s5se z ?is supreme ,godhead1 is absolutely remov$ f ! s5su\s & s5se-p]ception1 or r is n ev5 an object = ,?\ght4 ,= self-consci\sness is insep>able f ?\ght1 :i* posits itself z an object ( ,?\ght1 9 ord] t x may ?us come to self-k4 ,e act ( intellig5ce is an id5tification ( ! ego & object1 a reconciliation ( t :i* is sev]$ outside f ?is relation ( recognition2 :at ,i d n und]/& rema9s z some?+ /range & =eign to myself4 ,! mode ( union1 "u ! ,h9doo conception1 ( human p]sonality ) ,brahman is no?+ m nor less ?an a cont9ually asc5d+ process ( exhau/ion#de 9 ! direction ( ?is supreme ( ab/ractions1 9 :i* n m]ely ! entire concrete cont5t1 b also self-consci\sness itself1 mu/ be elim9at$ be=e ! f9al consummation is realiz$4 ,or1 to put ! same ?+ ano!r way1 ! ,h9doo recognizes no reconciliation & id5tity ) ,brahman 9 ! s5se t ! _s ( humanity becomes consci\s ( ?is union4 ,! unity r consi/s 9 ?is1 t bo? consci\sness & self-consci\sness1 & ) !m ! entire cont5t ( ! objective _w & p]sonality totally disappe>s4 ,?is empty+ & annihilation to ! po9t ( absolute vacuity is treat$ z ! supreme condition "u :i* man is capable ( id5tity ) highe/ ,div9ity1 t is ,brahman4 ,an ab/raction ( ?is sort1 "o ( ! b>e/ x is possible to imag9e1 :e!r we consid] x f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,absolute1 z ,brahman1 or f ! human aspect ( a purely !oretically conceiv$ cultus t consi/s 9 man's self-evaporation#df & self-annihilation1 is 9 itself no object ei!r = ! imag9ation or art2 all ! latt] c d is to pr(it by su* opportunity z v>i\s imag9>y repres5tations ( :at happ5s by ! way to ?is goal may (f] = _! ex]cise4 #b4 ,conv]sely ! ,h9doo view ( exi/5ce laun*es itself ) j ! same imm$iacy ov] ?is v ab/raction f all s5se into ! wilde/ flood ( x4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z ! imm$iate & consequ5tly unbrok5 id5tity ( bo? sides is 9 ?is view cancell$1 & in/ead ( ?is ! elem5t ( diff]5ce )9 ?is id5tity has become ! basic pr9ciple ( ! type itself1 ?is v contradiction plunges u ) no m$iat+ connections f ! ,f9ite into ! ,div9e1 & aga9 f ?is latt] into :at is mo/ transitory ( all2 & we live & move among simulacra1 :i* rise up entirely z ! gr[? ( ?is alt]nat+ process1 a k9d ( wit*es' _w1 :]e ! def9ition ( e %ape eludes our grasp z we endeav\r to seize x1 is conv]t$ all at once into its opposite1 or /raddles away into m]e inflat$ enormities4 ,! g5]al modes "u :i* ,h9doo art manife/s itself may be summ>iz$ "u ! ?ree foll[+ po9ts ( view3 7a7 ,9 ! fir/ place we f9d ! full hug5ess ( ! cont5t ( ! ,absolute is impos$ by ! imag9ation ^u ! s5su\s 9 its aspect ( s+ul>ity 9 su* a way t ?is p>ticul> ?+ is itself1 9 its own =m & /ation1 tak5 completely to repres5t su* a cont5t & to exi/ z su* = ! imag9ative s5se4 ,9 ! ,rmyana1 = example1 ! fri5d ( ,rma1 namely1 ! pr9ce ( apes ,hanuman1 is a pr9cipal p]sonage1 & he accompli%es ! brave/ ( exploits4 ,& g5]ally we may obs]ve t among ! ,h9doos ! ape is rev]$ z ,div9e1 & we f9d1 9 fact1 an entire city ( apes4 ,9 ! ape1 z ?is po9t ( s+ul>ity1 ! inf9ite cont5t ( ! ,absolute is envisag$ & ador$4 ,x is j ! same ) ! c[1 ,sabal1 :i* 9 ! ,rmyana dur+ ! episodic treatm5t ( ! expiations ( ,visvamitra1 appe>s clo!d ) immeasurable p[]4 ,if we take a glance on high] planes we f9d entire families 9 ,india--ev5 ?\gh ! individual "h be m]ely a vacant & monoton\sly vegetat+ life-unit--9 :om ! ,absolute itself1 z ?is concrete reality1 is ador$ 9 its imm$iate life & pres5ce z ,god4 ,?is same co9cid5ce is f\nd 9 ,lamaism4 ,"h1 too1 a s+le individual receives ! highe/ wor%ip due to ! pres5t ,god4 ,9 ,india1 h[ev]1 ?is hon\r is n exclusively paid to "o man4 ,e ,brahm9 proves at once 8 claim f ! day ( 8 bir? 9 8 own ca/e to be rank$ z ,brahman1 & possesses t second bir? ( ! ,_s :i* id5tifies 8 humanity ) ,god1 9 ! way ( ,nature ?r\gh 8 actual bodily bir?1 s t ! cr[n ( ! mo/ ,div9e itself is imm$iately ref]r$ back ^u ! entirely commonplace fact ( physical exi/5ce4 ,= al?\gh ! ,brahm9 is "u ! mo/ sacr$ obligation to read ! ,v$s1 & atta9 by ?is means an insight into ! secrets ( ,deity1 ?is duty c be actually c>ri$ out 9 ! mo/ p]functory way )\t detract+ 9 ! lea/ f ! ,brahm9's own div9ity4 ,9 a simil> mann] x is "o ( ! modes mo/ common to ! repres5tations ( ,h9dooism to h ! primordial ,god set =? z ! procreator or begett]1 z we f9d ,eros is 9 ! case ( ,greek my?ology4 ,?is procreation z ,div9e activity is fur!r work$ into all k9ds ( repres5tations 9 a :olly mat]ial way1 & ! private p>ts1 bo? male & female1 are treat$ z sacr$ 9 ! highe/ s5se4 ,& 9 a rev]se way1 & to no less ext5t1 ! ,div9e1 :5 x passes ov] 9 its indep5d5t ,div9ity to ! plane ( exi/+ reality1 is suff]$ 9 a :olly trivial mann] to get mix$ up ) ev]yday details4 ,we may take an example ( ?is f ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,rmyana1 :]e ,brahm has come on a visit to ,vlmkis1 ! my?ical b>d ( ! ,rmyana4 ,vlmkis receives him entirely 9 ! common ,h9doo fa%ion1 pays him a complim5t or two1 places a /ool be=e him1 & supplies him ) wat] & fruits4 ,brahm sits d[n j l anybody else & con/ra9s 8 ho/ to d likewise3 & !re !y sit on & sit on until at la/ ,brahm ord]s ,vlmkis to compose ! poem ( ! ,rmyana4 ,modes ( conception su* z ^! are /ill n symbolic 9 ! /rict s5se2 = al?\gh we f9d t "h1 z ! symbol requires1 =ms are tak5 f ! mat]ial ( s5se & div]t$ to ! use ( conceptions ( m univ]sal import1 we /ill f9d ! fur!r condition ( ?is requirem5t want+1 namely1 t ! p>ticul> exi/5ces mu/ n actually exi/ = s5se-p]ception z ?is absolute significance1 b m]ely sugge/ ! same4 ,= ! ,h9doo imag9ation ! ape1 ! c[1 & ! p>ticul> ,brahm9 are n m]ely a cognate symbol ( ! ,div9e1 b are contemplat$ & repres5t$ z ! ,godhead itself1 z exi/5ces adequate to t ,godhead4 ,x is ! contradiction inh]5t 9 ?is imm$iacy :i* is ! motive =ce ( ano!r feature 9 ! conceptions ( ,h9doo art4 ,= :ile1 on ! "o h&1 t :i* is absolutely sev]$ f s5se1 ! spiritual significance out & out1 is conceiv$ z ! actually ,div9e1 yet1 on ! o!r1 ! p>ticul> facts ( concrete reality are imm$iately envisag$ by ! imag9ation1 ev5 9 _! s5su\s exi/5ce1 z ,div9e manife/ations4 ,!y are no d\bt p>tly only tak5 to repres5t p>ticul> aspects ( ! ,absolute2 b ev5 s ! p>ticul> ?+ 9 its imm$iacy is /ill incompatible ) ! univ]sality1 :i* x is1 z adequate to ! same1 introduc$ to express2 & x appe>s 9 all ! m gl>+ contradiction to x = ! reason t ! significance is "h already conceiv$ 9 its univ]sality1 yet1 despite ( ?is1 an express relation ( id5tity is imm$iately set up by ! imag9ation betwe5 x & ! mo/ p>ticul> ( mat]ial facts4 7b7 ,! mo/ obvi\s way 9 :i* ,h9doo art endeav\rs to mitigate ?is disunion is1 z we h already sugge/$1 by ! measureless ext5sion ( its images4 ,p>ticul> %apes are drawn out into colossal & grotesque proportions 9 ord] t !y may1 z =ms ( s5se1 atta9 to univ]sality4 ,! p>ticul> =m ( s5se1 :i* is tak5 to express n itself & its own *>act]i/ic mean+ z a fact ( ext]nal exi/5ce1 b a univ]sal significance :i* lies outside x1 fails to satisfy ! imag9ation until x has be5 torn out itself into va/ness :i* kn[s nei!r measure nor limit4 ,?is is ! cause ( all t extravagant exagg]ation ( size1 n m]ely 9 ! case ( spatial dim5sion1 b also ( measurelessness ( "t-durations1 or ! r$uplication ( p>ticul> det]m9ations1 z 9 figures ) _m heads1 arms1 & s on1 by means ( :i* ?is art /ra9s to compass ! bread? & univ]sality ( ! significance x assumes4 ,! egg1 = example1 conta9s ! bird )9 x4 ,?is p>ticul> fact is enl>g$ to ! measureless conception ( a _w-egg secret+ ! univ]sal life ( all creation1 & 9 :i* ,brahm1 ! procreat+ ,god1 accompli%es )\t ef=t ! ye> ( creation1 until by virtue ( 8 ?\ght alone ! ! two halves ( ! egg fall asund]4 ,&1 9 addition to natural objects1 human individuals & ev5ts are exalt$ t !y may express ! significance ( truly ,div9e action 9 su* a way t we c nei!r hold fa/ ! ,div9e or ! human 9 _! indep5d5ce1 b bo? seem to run 9 a cont9ual confusion backw>ds & =w>ds into "o ano!r4 ,z a /rik+ illu/ration ( su* a mode ( conception1 we h ! inc>nations ( c]ta9 ,h9doo gods1 pr9cipally ,vi%nu1 ! cons]v] ( life1 ^: exploits figure l>gely 9 ! great epic poems4 ,rmas is1 = in/ance1 himself ! sev5? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu 7,rmat%&ra74 ,f a review ( p>ticul> dem&s1 actions1 circum/ances1 modes ( appe>ance1 & traits ( demean\r1 we are l$ to inf] f ^! poems t ?is cont5t is 9 great measure borr[$ f actual ev5ts1 t is f ! exploits ( anci5t k+s :o ex]cis$ a p[]ful influ5ce 9 creat+ new conditions ( law & ord]2 we f9d ourselves surr\nd$ by a ?or\ghly human atmosph]e & on ! firm gr\nd ( reality4 ,b !n aga91 9 a conv]se direction1 ! entire sc5e exp&s1 rea*es out into ! nebul\s1 play+ ov] & beyond x ) univ]sal conceptions1 s t we lose ! vantage gr\nd we _h ga9$ & are robb$ ( all our be>+s4 ,we are treat$ 9 j ! same way 9 ! ,sakuntala4 ,at fir/ we h set be=e u ! mo/ g5tle & odor\s realm ( ,love1 9 :i* ev]y?+ goes on its way 9 an entirely human fa%ion2 & !n we are all at once snat*$ f ! weal? ( ?is g5u9e _w1 & transport$ into ! cl\ds ( ! heav5 ( ,indra1 :]e ev]y?+ suff]s *ange1 & our =m]ly circumscrib$ sph]e is inflat$ to ! measure ( ! univ]sal import ( ,nature's life 9 its relation to ! ,brahm9 & ! p[] ( ,nature's gods1 :i* is v\*saf$ to man 9 return = 8 sev]e self-mortifications4 ,su* modes ( repres5tation are also n to be t]m$ 9 a /rict s5se symbolical4 ,t is to say ! true symbol suff]s ! det]m9ate %ape1 :i* x applies1 to rema9 "u t orig9al def9ition1 because its purpose is n to envisage !re9 ! imm$iate exi/5t ( ! significance 9 its univ]sality1 b to po9t to t import m]ely ?r\gh ! qualities ( ! object :i* are cognate to x4 ,h9doo art1 h[ev]1 al?\gh x sev]s univ]sality f ! s+ul> exi/+ fact1 /ill adds ! fur!r requirem5t t bo? sides %all be imm$iately unit$ ?r\gh ! imag9ation1 & is consequ5tly =c$ to dive/ det]m9ate exi/5ce ( its specific limitations1 &1 albeit 9 a mat]ial fa%ion1 to enl>ge 9 ! direction ( indef9it5ess & g5]ally to *ange & recon/itute4 ,9 ?is melt+ d[n ( all cle> def9ition1 & 9 ! confusion :i* results f x1 s t t =m is always set d[n z highe/ = ev]y?+1 :e!r ph5om5a1 ev5ts1 or actions1 :i* 9 ! mode ( _! figuration c nei!r = !mselves ass]t nor intr9sically possess & express any control ov] su* cont5t1 we may r seek = features analog\s to ! type ( ! sublime ?an see any illu/ration ( real symbolism4 ,= 9 ! ,sublime1 z we %all see = ourselves fur!r on1 ! f9ite ph5om5on only expresses ! ,absolute1 :i* x w\ld previsage = consci\s s5se to ! ext5t t 9 s do+ x escapes f ! _w ( appe>ance1 :i* fails to compreh5d its cont5t4 ,?is is j its treatm5t ( et]nity4 ,its idea ( x is sublime :5 x has to be express$ 9 t]ms ( "t-duration1 precisely ?r\gh ! emphasis x lays on ! fact t no numb]1 h[ev] great1 is suffici5t4 ,9 ?is /ra9 runs ! text3 ,a ?\s& ye>s 9 ,?y sight are ev5 z a day4 ,h9doo art conta9s mu* ( ! same or simil> nature4 ,x /rikes ! op5+ notes ( ! ,sublime symphony4 ,! ma9 diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 betwe5 x & ! true ,sublimity consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! ,h9doo imag9ation does n 9 ! wild exub]ance ( its images br+ ab\t ! ess5tial no?+ness ( ! ph5om5a :i* x makes use (1 b r ?r\gh j ?is v measurelessness & unlimit$ range ( its visions believes t x has annihilat$ & made to vani% all diff]5ce & opposition betwe5 ! ,absolute & its mode ( configuration4 ,9 ?is extreme type ( exagg]ation1 !n1 !re is ultimately little ( real k9%ip ) ei!r true symbolism or ,sublimity3 x is equally remote f ! true sph]e ( beauty4 ,x (f]s u no d\bt1 m p>ticul>ly 9 its m sob] del9eation ( t :i* is exclusively human1 mu* t is ende>+ & b5ign1 _m graci\s pictures & t5d] emotions1 ! mo/ spl5did & s$uctive descriptions ( ,nature1 ! mo/ *ildlike traits ( ,love & nave innoc5ce1 & )al mu* too t is magnanim\s & noble2 b1 none ! less1 if we review x g5]ally accord+ to ! fundam5tal import ( all x expresses1 we %all f9d t ! spiritual is ?r\gh\t root$ 9 s5se1 ! meane/ objects are plac$ on ! same plane z ! highe/1 true def9ition is wreck$1 ! ,sublime is l[]$ to ! conception ( m]e immeasurability1 & t :i* is ! orig9al mat]ial ( my?os = ! mo/ "p vani%es be=e our eyes 9 ! fanta/ic dreams ( a re/less & inquisitive imag9ative p[]1 & modes ( %ap+ ! same devoid ( all intellig5t purpose4 7c7 ,9 conclusion1 ! pure/ =m ( repres5tation :i* we meet ) at ?is /age ( imag9ative conception is t ( p]sonification1 z x g5]ally applies to ! human figure4 ,= ! reason1 h[ev]1 t ! significance on ?is plane is n z yet grasp$ z ! free subjectivity ( ,_s1 b r ei!r "u a det]m9ation ( ab/ract univ]sality or z a mode ( natural exi/5ce1 "o t conta9s1 = example1 ! life ( riv]s1 m\nta9s1 />s1 or sun1 = ?is reason x is only employ$ z means ( expression = ?is k9d ( cont5t "u a mode :i* really detracts f ! full wor? ( ! human =m4 ,= ! human body1 if we view x 9 its true def9ition1 no less ?an ! =m ( human activities & ev5ts1 expresses simply concrete ,_s & a spiritual cont5t1 :i* is self-conta9$ & subsi/5t 9 ?is its reality1 & possesses !re) no m]e symbol or ext]nal sign4 ,f "o po9t ( view consequ5tly ?is p]sonification1 albeit ! significance1 :i* x is invok$ to repres5t1 is tak5 to belong to ! spiritual no less ?an ! natural1 yet1 on acc\nt ( ! ab/ractness :i* cl+s to ?is =m ( significance1 is on ?is /age ( ?\ght /ill ( a sup]ficial nature1 & ne$s yet _m o!r modes ( repres5tation to be r5d]$ cle> to ! clos] inspection1 =ms ) :i* x is "h confus$ly m+l$ & !reby itself made obscure4 ,&1 moreov]1 tak+ x "u ano!r aspect1 x is n ! subjectivity "h & its =m :i* supplies ! *>act]ization1 b r its expressions1 actions1 & s =?2 = x is 9 de$ & action t ! m def9$ l9e ( sev]ation fir/ ass]ts itself1 :i* c be br\ght into relation ) ! specific cont5t ( ! univ]sal significances4 ,9 t case1 h[ev]1 we are aga9 face to face ) ! defect t x is n ! consci\s subject1 b m]ely its means ( expression1 :i* supply ! signification1 no less ?an ! confusion ( ?\ght1 t ev5ts & de$s1 in/ead ( con/itut+ ! reality & ! exi/5ce ( ! subject z det]m9ately self-realiz$1 pres]ve its cont5t & significance else:]e4 ,a s]ies ( su* actions is able !re=e v possibly to c>ry ) x a c]ta9 result & consequ5ce1 :i* is d]iv$ f ! cont5t :i* su* a s]ies subs]ves z its expression4 ,?is consequ5t result is1 h[ev]1 to an ext5t equally great1 liable aga9 to be int]rupt$ & 9 "p susp5d$ by t :i* is c5tral 9 ! p]sonification & ! man#dg1 because subjective activity is also a /imulus to caprici\s action & its manife/ation1 s t bo? t :i* is significant & t :i* is de/itute ( ?is quality keep up _! v>i$ & irregul> int]play j 9 s f> z ! imag9ation is unable to unite _! significant *>act]i/ics & ! =ms :i* are appropriate to !m 9 "o sub/antial & secure mode ( association4 ,&1 moreov]1 if x is ! purely natural aspect ( su* facts :i* is exclusively accept$ z ! unifi$ cont5t1 9 t case ! mat]ial mu/ inevitably prove itself inadequate to support ! human =m1 j z ?is1 be+ only fully adapt$ z a means ( express+ ,_s1 is on its side incapable ( repres5t+ :at is :olly natural4 ,9 all ^! respects su* a mode ( p]sonification z ! "o we are exam9+ fails to express a true mode2 = ! tru? ( art requires1 z ! tru? univ]sally requires1 t !re %\ld be a complete concordance betwe5 ! inw>d & ! outw>d1 t is1 ! notion & its reality4 ,greek my?ology1 = example1 p]sonifi$ ! ,pont9e sea2 ,scam&] possesses its riv] gods1 nymphs1 dryads1 & s =?4 ,9 o!r words x builds up ,nature 9 ! mo/ v>i\s =ms z ! cont5t ( its human div9ities4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 suff] its p]sonification to rema9 purely =mal & sup]ficial1 b creates !reby real individuals1 9 :om ! purely natural significance fades into ! backgr\nd1 & ! human elem5t1 on ! contr>y1 :i* has tak5 up & absorb$ su* mat]ial out ( ,nature1 becomes ! prom95t factor4 ,h9doo art1 on ! o!r h&1 is unable to advance beyond a grotesque int]m+l+ ( ^! two sides ( ,nature & humanity1 s t nei!r is treat$ accord+ to its rightful claim1 & bo? are m]ely giv5 ! =ms :i* are appropriate to ! o!r4 ,speak+ 9 a g5]al way we _c consid] ev5 ^! p]sonifications to be z yet /rictly symbolical1 = ! reason t ow+ to _! =mal sup]ficiality !y d n /& 9 any ess5tial relation to or mode ( association m truly intimate ) ! m det]m9ate =m :i* !y are presum$ to express4 ,at ! same "t we may note "h1 ) respect to o!r p>ticul> modifications & attributes1 ) :i* su* p]sonifications appe> to be int]m+l$1 & :i* are tak5 to express ! m def9$ qualities g5]ally atta*$ to ,div9ities1 an impulse 9 ! direction ( symbolic repres5tation1 = :i* ! p]sonification !n /&s m]ely z ! univ]sal type ( wide/ connotation4 ,if we turn n[ to ! m important examples ( ! imag9ative s5se on ! plane we are n[ consid]+1 we h fir/ to draw att5tion to ,trimrtis1 ! tri=m$ ,godhead4 ,?is ,deity includes 9 ! fir/ place ,brahm1 ! activity :i* br+s =? & procreates1 ! creator ( ! _w1 ,"l ( all ! gods & mu* m beside4 ,on ! "o h& he is to be kept di/9ct f ,brahman 7z ,neut]71 t is f ! ultimate ,be+1 & is ! fir/-born ( su*4 ,9 ano!r aspect1 h[ev]1 he aga9 seems to fall into union ) ?is ab/ract ,godhead1 z g5]ally happ5s ) ,h9doo ?\ght :]e ! l9es ( diff]5ce are r>ely held secure1 & "p are all[$ to vani% & ! re/ simply to get confus$ ) ea* o!r4 ,! =m ) :i* he is mo/ closely id5tifi$ has mu* t is symbolical ab\t x2 he is =m$ ) f\r heads & f\r h&s1 & ) ! latt] are 8 sceptre & r+#dh4 ,he is ( a r$ col\r1 an obvi\s sugge/ion ( sunlight1 s9ce ^! ,div9ities inv>iably c>ry qualities :i* are ( univ]sal significance 9 ,nature & :i* are ?us p]sonifi$ 9 !m4 ,! second ,deity ( ?is triune ,trimrtis1 is ,vi%nu1 ! pres]v+ ,godhead1 ! ?ird ,sivas1 ! de/ructive ,p[]4 ,! symbols employ$ to repres5t ^! gods are c\ntless4 ,= by reason ( ! univ]sality ( ! significances !y express !y compreh5d an inf9ite numb] ( v>i$ activities4 ,9 "p ^! are relat$ to p>ticul> ph5om5a ( ,nature1 ma9ly ! elem5t>y1 su* z1 = example1 ! quality ( fi]y1#di :i* is an attribute ( ,vi%nu1 & frequ5tly we h set be=e u %apes ( ! mo/ antagoni/ic description4 ,9 ! conception ( ?is tri=m god we h ! fact at once br\ght home to u 9 ! cle>e/ way t ! =m ( ,_s is n yet able to ass]t itself 9 its ,tru? if = no o!r reason ?an ?is1 t "h x is n ! spiritual :i* con/itutes ! truly p]meat+ significance4 ,t is to say1 ?is tr9ity ( gods w\ld only be ,_s if ! ?ird god 7 an ess5tially concrete unity1 a unity :i* return$ ^u itself f ! diff]5tiation & r$uplication ( its sub/ance4 ,= ,god1 accord+ to ! true conception ( ,godhead1 is ,_s z ?is active & absolute self-diff]5tiation & ,unity1 a conception :i* is g5]ally :at con/itutes ! notion ( ,_s4 ,9 ?is ,trimrtis1 h[ev]1 ! triune ,god is n by any means su* a concrete totality1 b m]ely a passage f ?is to t1 a metamorphosis1 a procreator1 a de/roy]1 & s =?4 ,we mu/ be accord+ly v c>eful n to imag9e t we h discov]$ ! highe/ ,tru? 9 ^! mo/ primordial grop+s ( man's reason1 & 9 ?is "o note ( concord :i*1 no d\bt1 z m]e rhy?mic expression#ej1 conta9s ! triune =m ( ,deity1 t is1 ! fundam5tal conception ( ,*ri/ian !ology1 believe t we already h be=e u a recognition ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,/>t+ f su* fundam5tal conceptions z ^? ( ,brahman & ,trimrtis1 ,h9doo imag9ation expatiates /ill fur!r )\t let 9 a c\ntless numb] ( ! mo/ v>i$ =m$ ,div9ities4 ,= ^? prim>y significances ( univ]sal application :i* are appreh5d$ z ess5tial ,deity are ( su* a k9d t !y may be r$iscov]$ 9 an inf9ite numb] ( ph5om5a1 :i* are aga9 p]sonifi$ & symboliz$ z gods1 & ea* & all comb9e 9 ?r[+ ! greate/ ob/acles 9 ! way ( any intelligible sy/em by reason ( ! indef9ite "* & confus+ volubility#ea ( ?is type ( imag9ation1 :i* fails utt]ly to grasp ! real nature ( any?+ t x discov]s1 & m]ely wre/s ev]y?+ t x t\*es f its own appropriate sph]e4 ,= ^! gods ( subord9ate rank1 at ! head ( :i* we may place su* a ,div9ity z ,indrus1 :o repres5ts ! ,air & ! ,heav5s1 ! *ief mat]ial is furni%$ by ! g5]al =ces ( ,nature1 su* z />s1 riv]s1 & m\nta9s conceiv$ 9 ! v>i\s phases ( _! activity1 _! *ange1 _! influ5ce on mank9d1 :e!r b5efic5t or hurtful1 pres]vative or de/ructive4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important subjects1 h[ev]1 ( ,h9doo imag9ation & art is ! orig9 ( gods & ! re/ ( creation1 9 o!r words its ,!ogony & ,cosmogony4 ,= ?is type ( imag9ation is g5]ally root$ 9 ! cont9ual ef=t to c>ry ov] t :i* is mo/ remov$ f s5se into ! v he>t ( ! ext]nal _w1 or 9 ! rev]se process once m to expunge t :i* /&s ne>e/ to s5se & ,nature by means ( ! b>e/ ab/raction4 ,consequ5tly ! orig9 ( ! gods is ref]r$ back to ! primordial ,godhead#eb1 & at ! same "t ! work+s & exi/5ce ( ,brahm1 ,vi%nu1 & ,sivas are repres5t$ z actual 9 m\nta9s1 /reams1 & human ev5ts4 ,a cosmological cont5t ( ?is k9d c1 on ! "o h&1 conta9 an indep5d5t & specific ord] ( ,deities1 :ile on ! o!r ^! gods are made to m]ge 9 ^? univ]sal significances ( ! supreme/ type ( ,godhead4 ,su* !ogonies & cosmogonies are num]\s & ( e conceivable v>iety4 ,:5 anyone v5tures1 !re=e1 to say t ! ,h9doos h ?us or ?us portray$ ! creation ( ! _w or ! orig9 ( ,nature1 su* a /atem5t c only be tak5 to apply to a p>ticul> sect or book2 y c v easily f9d a p]fectly diff]5t acc\nt ( ^! ev5ts else:]e4 ,! imag9ation ( ?is p 9 ! pictures & images !y h creat$ is exhau/less4 ,a mode ( conception :i* is conspicu\s ?r\gh\t ! entire s]ies ( ^! creation /ories is ! con/antly repeat$ pres5tation ( ! creative act n 9 ! =m ( spiritual fiat1 b ( a purely natural process ( g5]ation4 ,only aft] hav+ made ourselves ?or\ghly conv]sant ) ?is mode ( imag9ative vision %all we discov] ! key to unlock ! mean+ ( _m repres5tations :i* at fir/ totally conf\nd all our feel+s ( %ame1 %amelessness be+ "h app>5tly driv5 to its fur!/ limits1 & 9 its utt] s5su\sness c>ri$ beyond all belief4 ,a /rik+ example ( ?is mode ( imag9ative treatm5t is (f]$ u by ! notori\sly popul> episode f ! ,rmyana1 kn[n z ! desc5t ( ,gang4 ,?is tale is n>rat$ on ! occasion :5 ,rmas happ5s by *ance to come to ! ,ganges4 ,! w9try & ice-cov]$ ,himavn1 ! pr9ce ( ! m\nta9s1 0 fa!r by ! sl5d] ,m5 ( two daught]s1 ,gang1 ! eld]1 & ! beautiful ,um ! y\ng] "o4 ,c]ta9 gods1 m p>ticul>ly ,indras1 besee* ! fa!r to s5d !m ,gang1 9 ord] t !y may in/itute ! sacr$ rites1 & z ,himavat proves himself q ready to acc$e to _! reque/ ,gang m\nts on high to ! bless$ gods4 ,aft] ?is foll[s ! fur!r /ory ( ,um1 :o aft] accompli%+ wond]ful actions ( humility & p5it5ce1 is esp\s$ to ,rudras1 t is1 ,sivas4 ,f ?is union spr+ up wild & unfruitful m\nta9s4 ,= a hundr$ ye>s long ,sivas lay ) ,um 9 ! bridal embrace1 )\t int]mission1 s t ! gods agha/ at ! procreative p[] ( ,sivas1 & full ( anxiety = ! productive *ild1 besee* him t he w div]t ! /ream ( 8 /r5g? on ! ,e>?4 ,?is passage ! ,engli% translator has n v5tur$ to translate lit]ally1 = ! reason t x fl+s too mu* = him e %r$ ( %ame or mode/y to ! w9ds4 ,sivas he>k5s to ! besee*+s ( ! gods1 & /ay+ 8 =m] procreative ard\r1 t he may n utt]ly conf\nd ! univ]se1 he loos5s ! sem9al flood ov] ! ,e>?4 ,out ( ?is1 transpi]c$ ) fire1 rises up ! :ite m\nta9 :i* sep>ates ,india f ,t>t>y4 ,um1 h[ev]1 falls into scorn & ang] at ?is complaisance1 & !reon curses all w$lock4 ,9 ?is section ( ! tale we h :at are ma9ly fe>ful & di/ort$ pictures :i* run s entirely c\nt] to our ord9>y notions ( imag9ation & intellig5t s5ses t ! mo/ we c d is to obs]ve :at !y w\ld appe> to (f] 9 default ( ei!r4 ,s*legel has omitt$ to translate ?is section ( ! episode & m]ely add$ 9 8 own words h[ ,gang desc5ds once m on ! ,e>?4 ,& ?is took place 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,a c]ta9 =ebe> ( ,rmas1 ,sag>as1 0 fa!r ( a bad son1 & by a second wife he 0 fa!r ( no less ?an #fj1jjj sons1 :o came into ! _w 9 a pumpk91 71 h[ev]1 rais$ up into /alw>t m5 on cl>ifi$ butt] 9 pit*]s#ec4 ,n[ x *anc$ "o day t ,sag>as 0 ( a m9d to sacrifice a /e$1 :i* 01 h[ev]1 seiz$ f him by ,vi%nu 9 ! =m ( a s]p5t4 ,on ?is ,sag>as s5ds =? 8 #fj1jjj sons4 ,b no soon] _h !y come to ,vi%nu aft] great h>d%ips & a long se>*+ ?an a brea? ( h]s burns !m all to a%es4 ,aft] a we>y wait+ a c]ta9 gr&son ( ,sag>as1 by "n ,ansumn ! ,%9+1 son ( ,asamas*as1 set =? to f9d 8 #fj1jjj uncles & ! sacrificial /e$4 ,he actually comes ^u bo? ! /e$ ,siwas & ! heap ( a%es4 ,! k+ ( birds1 ,g>udas1 h[ev]1 notifies to him ! fact t unless ! /ream ( ! holy ,gang fl[s d[n f heav5 ov] ! heap ( a%es 8 relations w be unable to return to life4 ,:]eupon ! /alw>t ,ansumn endures = #cb1jjj ye>s on ! m\nta9-top ( ,himavn ! /]ne/ mortifications4 ,all 9 va94 ,nei!r 8 own *a/isem5ts nor ^? ( yet ano!r #cj1jjj ye>s ( 8 son ,dwilipas are ( ! slighte/ avail4 ,at la/ ! son ( ,dwilipas1 ! glori\s ,bhagra?as1 succe$s 9 accompli%+ ! feat1 b only aft] mortifications :i* la/ #a1jjj ye>s4 ,!n ! ,gang plunges d[n2 b 9 ord] t ! ,e>? may n !reby %iv] 9 pieces1 ,siwas n[ b[s 8 head s t ! wat] runs into 8 mane4 ,!reupon yet fur!r mortifications are enjo9$ ^u ,bhagra?as1 9 ord] t ,gang may be free to /ream =? f ^! locks4 ,f9ally %e is p\r$ =? 9 six /reams2 ! sev5? ,bhagra?as conducts aft] mighty privations to ! place ( ! #fj1jjj1 :o m\nt up to heav51 & !re) ,bhagra?as rules = yet _m a ye> ov] 8 p 9 peace4 ,o!r !ogonies su* z ! ,sc&9avian & ! ,greek are v simil> 9 type to ! ,h9doo4 ,! pr9cipal feature ( !m all is ?is ( physical g5]ation & production2 b n "o ( !m plunges s headlong into ! subject or 9 g5]al displays su* caprice & impropriety 9 ! images ( its inv5tion z ! ,h9doo4 ,! !ogony ( ,hesiod is 9 p>ticul> f> m intelligible & succ9ct1 s t at lea/ "o kn[s :]e "o is1 & is cle> z to ! g5]al significance2 & ?is is s because ! impression is f> m pron\nc$ t ! =m & ext]nal embodim5t ( ! my? is set =? by ! n>rator z some?+ ext]nal4 ,! my?os />ts 9 ?is case#ed ) ,*aos1 ,erebos1 ,eros1 & ,gaia4 ,! ,e>? 7,gaia7 br+s =? ,uranos ( h] own accord1 & !n is "m by him ( ! m\nta9s1 sea1 & s =?1 also ( ,cronos & ! ,cyclops1 ,c5timani#ee1 :om ,uranos1 h[ev]1 %ortly aft] bir? inc>c]ates 9 ,t>t>os4 ,gaia !reupon induces ,cronos to ca/rate ,uranos4 ,! de$ is accompli%$4 ,& f ! blood t falls on ! ,e>? spr+ to life ! ,er9nyes & ! ,giants4 ,! ca/rat$ memb] is caught by ! sea1 & f ! sea's foam arises ,cy!rea4 ,9 all ?is description ! outl9es are m cle>ly & decisively drawn4 ,& we are !reby c>ri$ beyond ! circle ( m]e gods ( ,nature4 #c4 ,if we endeav\r n[ to seize "s po9t :]e ! transition is emphasiz$ to ! /age ( real symbolism1 we %all f9d ! same already 9 ! fir/ beg9n+s ( ,h9doo imag9ation4 ,t is to say1 h[ev] preoccupi$ ! ,h9doo imag9ation may be 9 its ef=ts to contort ! s5su\s ph5om5on into a plurality ( ,div9ities1 a preoccupation :i* no o!r p has display$ ) any?+ l ! same exhau/less scope & c\ntless trans=mations1 yet f ano!r po9t ( view 9 _m ( its visions & n>ratives x rema9s ?r\gh\t con/ant to t spiritual ab/raction ( a ,god supreme ov] all1 9 contra/ ) :om ! p>ticul>1 s5su\s1 & ph5om5al is undiv9e1 inadequate1 & consequ5tly is appreh5d$ z some?+ negative1 some?+ :i* has f9ally to be cancell$4 ,=1 z we h f ! fir/ notic$1 x is precisely ?is cont9ual involution ( "o side on ! o!r :i* con/itutes ! fundam5tal type ( ! ,h9doo imag9ation1 & makes x = ev] incapable ( f9d+ a true pr9ciple ( reconciliation4 ,! art is consequ5tly nev] tir$ ( repres5t+1 9 e imag9able way1 ! surr5d] ( ! s5su\s & ! p[] ( spiritual ab/raction & self-absorption4 ,( ?is k9d are ! repres5tations ( toilsome mortifications & pr(\nd m$itations1 ( :i* n m]ely ! mo/ anci5t epical poems1 su* z ! ,rmyana & ! ,mahbhrata1 b also _m o!r works ( art furni% mo/ important examples4 ,no d\bt _m ( ^! self-*a/isem5ts are und]gone on gr\nds ( ambition1 or at lea/ ) a view to def9ite objects1 :i* d conduct ! devotee to ! highe/ & mo/ f9al union ) ,brahman1 & to ! mortification ( ev]y?+ c>nal & f9ite4 ,an object ( ?is k9d is ! endeav\r to secure ! p[] ( a ,brahm92 b ev5 9 ?is !re is always ! fact pres5t to consci\sness t ! expiation & ! cont9uance ( a m$itation t is ev] m & m div]t$ f ! objects ( s5se w raise ! devotee ov] 8 bir?-place 9 a p>ticul> ca/e1 no less ?an help him resi/ ! p[] ( ,nature & ! gods ( ,nature4 ,= ?is reason1 t pr9ce ( ,div9ities ( ?is class1 ,indras1 opposes mo/ signally /r5u\s aspirants1 & /rives to entice !m away2 or1 9 ! case :]e all 8 s$uctions fail1 he invokes assi/ance f ! supreme gods le/ ! entire heav5 fall into confusion4 ,9 ! repres5tation ( mortifications ( ?is k9d & ! sev]al k9ds & grades accord+ to :i* !y are rank$1 ,h9doo art is almo/ z f]tile 9 its inv5tion z 9 its sy/em ( ,div9ities1 & x pursues ! !me ) ! mo/ ?or\gh e>ne/ness4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! po9t f :i* we may n[ ext5d our survey 9 a =w>d direction4 ,c4 ,,real ,,symbolism ,9 ! case ( symbolical1 no less ?an t ( ,f9e ,art1 x is necess>y t ! significance :i* x seeks to embody %\ld n m]ely be set =?1 z is ! case 9 ,h9doo art1 f ! fir/ imm$iate unity ( ! same ) its objective exi/5ce1 su* z obta9s be=e any sev]ation or di/9ction has z yet be5 emphasiz$1 b t ?is significance %\ld itself be indep5d5t & free f ! imm$iate s5su\s cont5t4 ,?is deliv]ance c only s f> ass]t itself z ! s5su\s & natural m$ium is bo? grasp$ & envisag$ z itself ess5tially negative1 z t :i* has to be & has be5 absorb$4 ,x is a fur!r requirem5t1 moreov]1 t ! negativity1 :i* is successful 9 mak+ its appe>ance z ! pass+ (f & ! self-dissolution ( ! ,natural1 %\ld be accept$ & receive embodim5t z ! absolute import ( ! object g5]ally1 z a phase1 t is to say1 ( ! ,div9e4 ,b ) a fulfilm5t ( su* claims we are already beyond ! limits ( ,h9doo art4 ,x is true t ! consci\sness ( ?is negative side is n :olly abs5t f ! ,h9doo imag9ation4 ,sivas is ! de/roy] no less ?an ! produc]4 ,indras dies1 nay1 m1 ! ,de/roy] ,"t1 p]sonifi$ z ,kla ! t]rible giant1 conf\nds ! entire univ]se & all gods1 ev5 ,trimrtis1 :o passes away at ! same "t 9 ,brahman1 j z ! individual 9 8 self-id5tification ) ! highe/ =m ( ,div9ity suff]s 8 ,ego & all 8 wisdom & w to vani% away4 ,9 ^! conceptions1 h[ev]1 ! negative elem5t is 9 "p m]ely a trans=mation & *ange1 9 "p only an ab/raction1 :i* all[s all def9ition to drop away1 9 ord] t x may ?ru/ its pa? to an indef9ite & consequ5tly vacu\s & cont5t-less univ]sality4 ,! sub/ance ( ! ,div9e on ! o!r h& p]si/s ?r\gh *ange ( =m1 passage ov] & advance to a sy/em ( _m ,deities1 & ! abrogation ( t sy/em once m 9 ! "o highe/ =m ( ,god unalt]ably "o & ! same4 ,x is n t conception ( ! "o ,god1 :i* itself ess5tially possesses1 z ?is unity1 ! negative aspect z its own det]m9ation1 bo? necess>y & appropriate to its own ess5tial notion4 ,9 an analog\s way ! de/ructive & hurtful elem5t is plac$ accord+ to ! ,p>see view ( exi/5ce outside ! p]sonality ( ,ormuzd 9 ,ahriman1 & consequ5tly only makes a contradiction & conflict manife/ belong+ "u no =m ( relation to ,ormuzd1 z a di/9ct phase ( 8 own sub/ance4 ,! actual po9t 9 ! advance :i* we h n[ to make consi/s1 !re=e1 9 ?is t1 on ! "o h&1 ! negative aspect1 fix$ by consci\sness 9 an indep5d5t relation z ! ,absolute1 is1 h[ev]1 on ! o!r1 m]ely reg>d$ z a phase ( ! ,div9e1 z a phase1 h[ev]1 :i* is n only z outside ! true ,absolute incid5tal to ano!r ,godhead#ef1 b is to be s ascrib$ to ! ,absolute1 t ! true ,god appe>s z a process 9 :i* ,he negates ,himself1 & !reby conta9s ?is negative elem5t z an inh]5t self-det]m9ation ( ,8 own sub/ance4 ,?r\gh ?is enl>g$ conception ! ,absolute is = ! fir/ "t ess5tially concrete1 t is self-det]m9ation1 & !reby ess5tial unity1 ^: p>ticul> anti!ses1 z p>ts ( a process1 appe> to consci\sness z ! diff]5t det]m9ations ( "o & ! same ,god4 ,= ! necessity ( giv+ ess5tial def9ition to ! absolute significance is j t :i* at ?is /age x is felt to be ( fir/ importance to satisfy4 ,all ! significances up to ?is po9t p]si/$ by virtue ( _! ab/ract "* z absolutely undef9$ & consequ5tly void ( cont5t1 or 7 m]g$1 :5 9 a conv]se direction !y t5d$ to cle> di/9ction1 imm$iately 9 ! ,be+ ( ,nature1 or fell into a conflict 9 respect to _! configuration :i* gave !m no repose & reconciliation4 ,?is tw(old defect we h n[ to remove1 bo? by %[+ ! advance ( ,?\ght reg>d$ z itself an ideal process1 & by illu/rat+ t advance by means ( p>ticul> facts ( ! m9d & in/itutions ( nations on ! objective plane ( hi/ory4 ,& 9 ! fir/ place we may obs]ve a m intimate bond ( association is set up betwe5 ! ,inw>d & ,outw>d aspect ( consci\sness 9 ! increas$ recognition t e det]m9ation ( ! ,absolute is already ess5tially an in*oate movem5t 9 ! direction ( expression4 ,= e det]m9ation is ess5tially di/9ction#eg4 ,! ,ext]nal1 h[ev]1 is z su* always def9$ & di/9ct1 & consequ5tly !re is ?us an aspect imm$iately pres5t$1 accord+ to :i* ! ,ext]nal is manife/$ 9 a =m m adequate to ! significance ?an 0 possible "u ! modes ( conception z yet exam9$4 ,! fir/ def9ition1 h[ev]1 & ess5tial negation ( ! ,absolute inevitably falls %ort ( ! free self-det]m9ation ( ,_s z ,_s4 ,x is m]ely ! imm$iate negation ( itself4 ,?is imm$iate & consequ5tly natural negation 9 its mo/ compreh5sive =m ( /atem5t is ,dea?4 ,! ,absolute is consequ5tly appreh5d$ n[ 9 a way t x is compell$ to submit itself to ?is =m ( negation z a "p ( ! ess5tial det]m9ation ( its own notion1 9 o!r words x is oblig$ to ent] ! pa? ( ext9ction1 & we obs]ve consequ5tly ! glorification ( ,dea? & grief 9 ! fir/ in/ance made pres5t to ! national consci\sness z ! dea? ( ! dy+ s5su\s mat]ial4 ,! dea? ( ,nature is cogniz$ z a necess>y "p#eh ( ! life ( ! ,absolute4 ,! ,absolute1 h[ev]1 on ! "o h&1 9 ord] to be subject to ?is phase ( ,dea?1 mu/ be posit$ already z det]m9ate exi/5ce2 &1 equally f ano!r po9t ( view1 mu/ n be suff]$ to rema9 9 ! annihilation ( ,dea?1 b mu/ be held to re-e/abli% itself 9 an ess5tially positive unity on a yet high] plane ( exi/5ce4 ,dea? is consequ5tly n accept$ "h z con/itut+ ! entire significance1 b m]ely "o aspect ( ! same4 ,& ?\gh no d\bt ! ,absolute is 9 "o s5se view$ z a cessation ( its imm$iate exi/5ce1 a passage ov] & beyond & a pass+ away1 yet x is q z mu* 9 ! rev]se s5se conceiv$ z a return ^u itself1 z a resurrection1 z an et]nal process ( ,div9e realization r5d]$ possible by virtue ( ?is evolutional pr9ciple ( negation4 ,= ,dea? is capable ( a tw(old mean+4 ,"u ! fir/ x is ! imm$iate pass+ away ( ! natural2 "u ! second ,dea? is ! ext9ction ( ! exclusively natural & !reby ! bir? ( a high] type1 t is1 spiritual1 f :i* ! m]ely natural falls away 9 ! s5se1 t ,_s possesses 9 itself ?is phase z an ess5tial phase ( its own sub/ance4 ,= ?is reason1 secondly1 ! =m ( ,nature c no long] be accept$ 9 ! imm$iacy ( s5su\s exi/5ce z adequate to ! significance ref]r$ to x1 because ! significance ( ! ,ext]nal consi/s j 9 ?is1 t x mu/ die 9 ! =m ( its real exi/5ce & rise aga94 ,on ! same gr\nd1 ?irdly1 ! m]e conflict betwe5 significance & =m & t f]m5t ( ! imag9ation1 :i* 0 ! fanta/ic product ( ,h9doo conceptions1 drop away4 ,! significance is1 x is true1 ev5 n[ n yet fully & ) absolute cl>ity cogniz$ 9 its pure unity free f all s5se-pres5t$ reality1 s t x c\ld be set =? 9 real contra/ ) ! =m ( its actual embodim5t2 conv]sely1 h[ev]1 ! =m itself1 ?is p>ticul>1 object1 t is1 :e!r 9 its glorifi$ %ape ( gr&iosity or 9 any o!r m conspicu\s =m ( c>icature1 z an image ( animal life1 a human p]sonification1 ev5t or action1 is n tak5 to envisage = imm$iate s5se an adequate exi/5ce ( ! ,absolute4 ,?is corrupt =m ( id5tity is already surpass$ z fully to ! ext5t t x /ill falls beh9d t o!r complete deliv]ance4 ,& 9 ! place ( bo? ( ^! extremes we h ass]t$ t k9d ( repres5tation1 :i* we h above already describ$ z ! real symbolical4 ,on ! "o h& x is n[ able to appe> = ! reason t ! ,inw>d1 or t :i* is conceiv$ z significance1 is no long] some?+ :i* m]ely1 z 9 ,h9doo conceptions1 comes & passes away1 at "o mom5t is absorb$ imm$iately 9 ext]nality1 at ano!r is )drawn f ! same into ! solitude ( ab/raction1 b x beg9s to make itself indep5d5tly secure aga9/ ! m]e reality ( ,nature4 ,& on ! o!r h& ! symbol is n[ =c$ to seek "s =m ( pla/ic %ape4 ,t is to say1 al?\gh ! significance1 id5tical 9 e way ) t :i* has hi!rto obta9$1 possesses z a phasal condition ( its cont5t ! negation ( ! ,natural1 yet ! true ,inw>d n[ = ! fir/ "t %[s a def9ite t5d5cy to wre/ its way f t ,natural1 & is consequ5tly itself /ill swall[$ up )9 ! ext]nal mode ( appe>ance1 s t x is unable indep5d5tly to be br\ght home to consci\sness 9 its cle> univ]sality )\t hav+ previ\sly _h to comply ) ! =m ( ext]nal reality4 ,n[ ! k9d ( configuration :i* is impli$ by ! notion ( t :i* g5]ally con/itutes ! fundam5tal significance 9 symbolism1 may be describ$ 9 ! foll[+ t]ms1 namely1 we f9d 9 x t ! def9ite =ms ( ,nature1 human activities & s =?1 nei!r--to express "o aspect ( x--repres5t or signify m]ely !mselves sev]ally 9 _! isolat$ natural *>act]i/ics1 nor--to emphasize ! o!r aspect--br+ _! imm$iate =m to consci\sness z ! ,div9e actually visible to s5se4 ,!y are r employ$ to sugge/ t same ,div9e ?r\gh qualities :i* !y possess cognate ) a significance ( m compreh5sive range4 ,= ?is reason x is j t univ]sal dialectic ( ,life1 its orig91 gr[?1 collapse 9 & awak5+ f ,dea?1 :i* also 9 ?is connection supplies ! appropriate cont5t = ! true symbolic type2 & ?is is s because we f9d 9 almo/ e prov9ce ( natural & spiritual life c]ta9 ph5om5a1 :i* presuppose ?is process z ! basis ( _! exi/5ce1 & consequ5tly c be utiliz$ z means ( giv+ a visible body to su* significant aspects & ( po9t+ by sugge/ion to ! same1 a real aff9ity be+ actually inh]5t betwe5 ! two sides4 ,?us plants spr+ f _! se$1 spr\t1 gr[1 br+ =? fruit2 ! fruit corrupts & produces fre% se$4 ,9 ! same way ! sun rises to a l[ elevation 9 w9t]2 9 ,spr+ he m\nts on high1 until we h 8 m]idian rea*$ 9 summ]2 x is !n t he p\rs =? 8 ri*e/ bless+ or ex]ts ! greate/ de/ructive =ce2 aft] t he incl9es once m t[>ds ! horizon4 ,! v>i\s /ages ( human life1 too1 *ildhood1 y\?1 maturity1 & old age1 illu/rate precisely ! same univ]sal process4 ,b 9 a special s5se specific localities su* z ! ,nile-valley are adapt$ to ! clos] p>ticul>ization 9 ! direction indicat$4 ,9 s f>1 !n1 z t :i* is purely fanta/ic is displac$ by ^! m fundam5tal traits ( aff9ity & ! m intimate applicability ( ! expression to ! import x expresses !re arises a ?\ghtful process ( selection ) ref]5ce to ! comp>ative congruity or incongruity ( ! symboliz+ =ms1 & ! intoxicat$ eddy to & fro :i* prevail$ is laid to re/ 9 a m intellig5t circumspection4 ,we consequ5tly obs]ve t a union m at "o ) itself reappe>s 9 ! place ( t :i* we f\nd 9 ! fir/ /age ( our process1 subject1 h[ev]1 to ?is *>act]i/ic diff]5ce1 t ! id5tity ( ! significance ) its objectively real exi/5ce is no long] "o imm$iately envisag$1 b "o t is set up out ( ! diff]5ce & consequ5tly n "o previ\sly discov]$1 r we %\ld say a mode ( union t is ! product ( m9d 7,_s74 ,t :i*1 9 its mo/ g5]al t]ms1 we call ! ,inw>d beg9s at ?is po9t to assume ! solidity ( self-subsi/5ce1 to be consci\s ( itself2 x seeks = its c\nt]feit 9 ! objects ( ,nature1 :i* on _! "p possess a simil> reflection 9 ! life & de/9ies ( ,_s4 ,out ( ?is eag] movem5t to recognize ! "o side 9 ! o!r1 & by means ( ! ext]nal to br+ = itself visibly to s5se & ! imag9ative faculty ! significance1 z also to envisage by virtue ( t ,inw>d ! significance ( ! ext]nal %apes ?r\gh a union 9 :i* bo? sides are associat$1 we get t va/ impulse ( art :i* f9ds its satisfaction ?r\gh means :i* are purely symbolical4 ,only :5 ! ,inw>d is free & is driv5 =w>d to make cle> to ! imag9ative vision 9 real =m :at x ess5tially is1 & to h be=e itself ?is v vision1 moreov]1 9 ! =m ( an ext]nal "w1 d we f9d t ! g5u9e impulse ( art1 & ! p>ticul>ly pla/ic arts1 beg9s to be a liv+ fact4 ,!n x is t ! necessity is felt to clo! ! ,inw>d ) a =m n m]ely previ\sly discov]$ f ! res\rces ( spiritual activity1 b r "o t is m9t$ out ( _s 7m9d7 = ! fir/ "t4 ,9 ! symbol1 !n1 !re is a second =m creat$1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n indep5d5tly valid = itself z its ma9 purpose1 b is r employ$ to envisage ! significance1 & /&s consequ5tly 9 a dep5d5t relation to ! same4 ,x 7 possible to appreh5d ! above relation 9 su* a way z ?\gh ! significance 7 t po9t f :i* ! arti/ic consci\sness />ts on its j\rney1 & t only aft] hav+ f\nd ?is x beg9s to look r\nd = means to express its univ]sal conceptions ?r\gh ext]nal ph5om5a cognate 9 _! aff9ity to su* conceptions4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! way t real symbolic art proce$s4 ,= its *>act]i/ic di/9ction consi/s 9 ?is1 t its p5etration fails z yet to grasp ! significances 9 _! indep5d5t consi/5cy1 indep5d5t1 t is1 f e mode ( ext]nality4 ,= ?is reason its po9t ( dep>ture is r f t :i* is imm$iately pres5t$ & its concrete exi/5ce 9 ,nature & ,_s4 ,?is x !reupon1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 exp&s to ! measure ( ! univ]sality ( su* significances1 ^: det]m9ation su* objective real exi/5ce conta9s only "u m re/rict$ conditions1 add+ ?is wid] range 9 ord] t x may create a =m f ,_s1 :i* is to make t univ]sality visible to consci\sness 9 ?is p>ticul> reality :5 once x is set =? cle>ly be=e p]ception4 ,reg>d$ z symbolical =ms1 !re=e1 ! images ( art h n z yet atta9$ a =m truly adequate to ,_s1 inasmu* z ,_s itself is n z yet at ?is /age ess5tially cle> & !reby free ,_s2 b we h at lea/ "h embodim5ts1 :i* ess5tially proclaim ! fact to u1 t !y are n m]ely select$ to repres5t simply !mselves1 b are int5d$ to po9t to significances ( pr(\nd] int5sion & m--compreh5sive range4 ,t :i* is purely natural & s5su\s ass]ts itself z fact & no?+ beside2 ! symbolical "w ( art1 h[ev]1 :e!r x be ! ph5om5a ( ,nature or ! human figure t x makes visible to ! eye1 po9ts at ! same "t ov] & outside su* facts to some?+ fur!r1 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ possess an intimate root ( aff9ity ) ! images t are ?us display$1 & an ess5tial bond ( relation ) !m4 ,?is association betwe5 ! concrete =m & its univ]sal significance may conceivably be pres5t 9 _m diff]5t ways4 ,at "o "t ! emphasis w be laid on ! ext]nal aspect1 & x w consequ5tly be m obscure2 at ano!r1 h[ev]1 ! basis ( aff9ity w be m pron\nc$ z 9 ! case :5 ! univ]sality1 :i* is to be symboliz$1 con/itutes1 9 fact1 ! ess5tial cont5t ( ! concrete ph5om5on4 ,9 ?is case naturally x is a mu* simpl] matt] to grasp ! symbolic "* ( ! object4 ,! mo/ ab/ract mode ( expression 9 ?is respect is numb]1 :i*1 h[ev]1 x is only possible to use z an indication ( a fur!r mean+ beyond t x ord9>ily elucidates :5 ?is significance is itself1 ess5tially num]ical4 ,! numb]s sev5 & twelve are frequ5tly met ) 9 ,egyptian ar*itecture1 because sev5 is ! numb] ( ! planets1 & twelve is t ( ! lun> revolutions or ! numb] ( feet t ! wat] ( ! ,nile mu/ necess>ily rise 9 ord] to fructify ! l&4 ,su* a numb] is !n reg>d$ z sacr$ 9 s f> z x is pres5t z a det]m9ant 9 ! great elem5t>y relations1 :i* are rev]$ z =ces 9 ! :ole life ( ,nature4 ,twelve /eps or sev5 pill>s are to ?is ext5t symbolical4 ,! same k9d ( num]ical symbolism has an ext5sive influ5ce ^u ! =m ( widely fam\s my?ologies4 ,! twelve lab\rs ( ,h]cules1 = example1 appe> to conta9 a ref]5ce to ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye>2 = if ,h]cules "u "o aspect ( ! my? is no d\bt pres5t$ to u z ! ?or\ghly human imp]sonation ( a h]o1 9 ano!r he unque/ionably indicates a significance ( ,nature "u a symboliz$ =m1 &1 9 fact1 is a p]sonification ( ! c\rse ( ! sun4 ,9 a fur!r & m complete s5se symbolical configurations ( space1 labyr9?9e passages1 & su* l c>ry a symbolical image ( ! c\rse ( ! planets1 j z dances1 too1 9 virtue ( _! complex evolutions symbolically express ! motion ( ! great elem5t>y bodies4 ,& fur!r1 on a high] plane1 ! bodies ( animals are utiliz$ z symbols1 b mo/ succ9ctly ( all ! human figure1 :i*1 ev5 at ?is /age1 z we %all see lat] on1 appe>s to be elaborat$ 9 modes m compatible ) its intr9sic wor? = ! reason t ev5 n[ ,_s 9 g5]al makes a real movem5t to embody itself f out ! m]e swaddl+ clo!s ( ,nature 9 a %ape m adequate to its own self-subsi/5t p]sonality4 ,su*1 !n1 con/itutes our g5]al concept ( ! true =m ( symbolism & ! necessity "u :i* art lab\rs to express ! same4 ,& 9 ord] t we may discuss ! m concrete exemplifications ( ?is type ( symbolism1 x w be necess>y 9 deal+ ) ?is fir/ plunge ( ,_s into ! weal? ( its own res\rces to leave ! ,ea/ & direct our att5tion ma9ly on ! ,we/4 ,z a symbol ( univ]sal import to indicate ! po9t ( view :]e we n[ /&1 we may p]haps fir/ & =emo/ fix be=e our eyes ! image ( ! ,pho5ix1 :i* is its own fun]al pile1 yet ev] is rejuv5at$ out ( ! flames ( its dea? & rises f ! a%es4 ,h]odotus in=ms u 7,,ii1 #gc7 t at lea/ 9 repres5tations he saw ?is bird 9 ,egypt1 &1 9 fact1 x is ! ,egyptian p :o also supply u ) a focus = ! type ( symbolical art4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 we proce$ to ! clos] consid]ation ( ,egyptian art we w m5tion sev]al o!r my?s1 :i* =m1 z x 71 ! passage to t national symbolism :i* we f9d mo/ elaborate1 no matt] f :at direction we approa* x4 ,su* are ! my?s ( ,adonis1 t ( 8 dea?1 & ! lam5t ( ,aphrodite ov] him1 ! fun]al fe/ivals1 etc41 conceptions & rites :i* f9d _! orig9al home on ! ,syrian coa/4 ,! s]vice ( ,cybele among ! ,phrygians possesses ! same significance1 :i* also f9ds its e*o 9 ! my?s ( ,ca/or & ,pollux1 ,c]es & ,pros]p9a4 ,z ! ess5ce ( su* significance we f9d 9 ! above quot$ examples1 be=e ev]y?+ else1 t phasal condition ( negation we h already allud$ to1 ! dea?1 t is1 ( ! natural reg>d$ z a basic & absolute condition ( ! ,div9e process1 emphasiz$ z su*1 & made visible 9 its indep5d5ce4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t we c expla9 ! fun]al fe/ivals t celebrate ! dea? ( ! god1 ! excessive lam5tations ov] 8 loss1 :i* is once m made good ?r\gh 8 r$iscov]y1 resurrection1 & rejuv5esc5ce1 mak+ x possible = ! fe/ivals ( joy to foll[4 ,?is univ]sal significance conta9s fur!r its m def9ite relation to ,nature4 ,9 w9t] ! sun loses 8 =ce1 :ile 9 spr+ he returns once m1 & ) t ,nature rega9s h] y\?1 %e dies & is reborn4 ,9 examples su* z ^! ! ,div9e1 p]sonifi$ z a human ev5t1 discov]s its significance 9 ! life ( ,nature1 :i* !n f a fur!r po9t ( view becomes a symbol = ! ess5tial "* ( ! negative condition g5]ally1 9 spiritual ?+s no less ?an natural4 ,x is 9 ,egypt1 h[ev]1 t we h to look = ! p]fect example ( symbolical repres5tation 9 its sy/ematic elaboration ( *>act]i/ic cont5t & =m4 ,egypt is ! l& ( symbol1 :i* proposes to itself ! spiritual problem ( ! self-int]pretation ( ,_s1 )\t be+ able successfully to solve x4 ,! problems rema9 )\t an answ]2 & su* solution z we are able to supply consi/s !re=e m]ely 9 ?is1 t we grasp ^! riddles ( ,egyptian art & its symbolical productions z ?is v problem :i* ,egypt prop\nds = h]self b is unable to solve4 ,= ! reason t we f9d t ,_s "h /ill endeav\rs 9 ! ext]nal objects ( s5se1 f :i* aga9 x /ra9s to free itself1 & fur!r lab\rs ) unwe>i$ assiduity1 to evolve f itself its ess5tial sub/ance by means ( natural ph5om5a no less ?an to embody ! same 9 ! =m ( _s = ! vision ( ! s5ses1 r ?an z ! pure cont5t ( m9d1 ?is ,egyptian p may1 9 contra/ to all ! in/ances previ\sly exam9$1 be describ$ z ! nation ,art claims = h]self#ei4 ,its works ( art1 h[ev]1 rema9 full ( my/]y & sil5ce1 )\t music or motion2 & ?is is s because ,_s "h has n yet truly f\nd its own life1 nor has le>n$ h[ to utt] ! cle> & lum9\s spee* ( m9d4 ,9 ! unsatisfi$ /ress & impulse1 to br+ be=e ! vision ?r\gh h] art1 albeit 9 s voiceless a way1 ?is wre/le ( h]self ) h]self1 to give %ape to ! ,inw>d ( h] life1 b only to become consci\s ( h] own ,inw>d1 no less ?an t :i* univ]sally prevails#fj1 ?r\gh ext]nal =ms :i* are cognate ) x--we h 9 a s5t5ce ! *>act]ization ( ,egypt4 ,! p ( ?is wond]ful l& 0 n m]ely agricultural1 b also con/ructive1 a folk :i* toss$ up ! soil 9 e direction1 delv$ lakes & canals1 & ex]cis$ _! arti/ic in/9cts n m]ely 9 giv+ visible %ape to build+s ( enorm\s solidity1 b 9 c>ry+ works !mselves ( va/ dim5sion to a l ext5t into ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,to erect build+s ( ?is k9d 01 z we h long ago le>n$ f ,h]odotus1 a pr9cipal occupation ( ?is p1 & "o ( ! *ief exploits ( _! k+s4 ,! build+s ( ! ,h9doo race are also unque/ionably ( colossal size2 we %all1 h[ev]1 f9d n[h]e else a v>iety :i* c comp>e ) t ( ,egypt4 #a4 ,review+ n[ ! g5]al conceptions ( ,egyptian art ) a clos] att5tion to p>ticul> aspects ( x1 we may 9 ! fir/ place def9e ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( s mu* ( x z foll[s1 t we f9d "h ! ,inw>d is securely held 9 its indep5d5t opposition to ! imm$iacy ( ext]nal exi/5ce4 ,& :at is m1 ?is ,inw>d is conceiv$ z ! negation ( ,life1 9 o!r words ! dead ?+1 n z ! ab/ract negation ( ! evil & hurtful ?+1 su* z ,ahriman 9 contra/ to ,ormuzd1 b z =m ess5tially sub/antive4 7a7 ,to illu/rate ?is ?\ght fur!r1 ! ,h9doo m]ely subtilizes 8 life to ! mo/ empty ( ab/ractions1 t is 9 result "o t !re) negates e =m ( concrete cont5t4 ,su* a ,brahm-becom+ process is n to be f\nd 9 ,egypt2 r we f9d "h t ! invisible possesses a full] significance2 ! corpse secures ! cont5t ( ! liv+ body itself1 :i*1 h[ev]1 z torn away f imm$iate exi/5ce1 9 its retirem5t f actual life#fa1 /ill possesses its relation to t :i* is alive1 & 9 ?is concrete =m is ma9ta9$ z self-subsi/5t4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ! ,egyptians embalm$ & rev]$ cats1 dogs1 hawks1 i*neumons1 be>s1 & wolves 7,h]od41 ,,ii1 #fg71 b mo/ ( all ! dead human body 7,h]od41 ,,ii1 #hf-ij74 ,by !m ! hon\r paid to ! dead is n t ( burial1 b its pres]vation f age to age z a corpse4 7b7 ,& moreov] we may obs]ve t ! ,egyptians d n m]ely rema9 con/ant to ?is imm$iate & /ill :olly natural p]man5cy ( ! dead4 ,t :i* is pres]v$ 9 its physical or natural aspect is also conceiv$ to endure 9 a =m pres5t to ! imag9ation4 ,h]odotus in=ms u t ! ,egyptians 7 ! fir/ :o held ! doctr9e t ! human s\l is immortal4 ,we consequ5tly f9d t !y are ! fir/ :o pres5t to u a m exalt$ mode ( ?is resolution ( ! natural & spiritual1 a mode t is to say1 "u :i* x is n m]ely ! natural body :i* secures an indep5d5t self-subsi/5ce4 ,! immortality ( ! s\l is a conception :i* bord]s closely ^u ! fre$om ( ,_s4 ,! ,ego is "h appreh5d$ z remov$ f ! purely natural mode ( its exi/5ce1 repos+ on its own sub/ance4 ,?is k ( itself1 h[ev]1 is ! pr9ciple ( fre$om4 ,no d\bt we are n ju/ifi$ 9 ass]t+ t ! ,egyptians grasp$ ! notion ( spiritual fre$om 9 its pr(\nde/ s5se4 ,we mu/ n imag9e t _! belief 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l is id5tical ) our own =m ( t belief2 b !y already possess$ ! p[] to reta9 securely t :i* 0 sep>at$ f ,life "u a =m ( exi/5ce visible only to ! imag9ation1 no less ?an "o 9 :i* x 0 id5tical ) ! bodily mat]ial4 ,!y h !reby made possible ! passage to ! full emancipation ( ,_s1 albeit x 0 b ! ?re%old ( ! temple ( fre$om t !y pass$ ov]4 ,?is fundam5tal conception ( !irs is fur!r exp&$ to a unifi$ & sub/antial ,k+dom ( ! ,dep>t$ set up 9 contra/ to ! imm$iate pres5ce ( ! real4 ,a ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice ( ! ,dead is held 9 ?is invisible /ate ov] :i* ,osiris z ,am5!s presides4 ,"o ( simil> "* is also in/itut$ 9 ! sph]e ( imm$iate reality1 ju/ice be+ execut$ ev5 among m5 ov] ! dead1 & aft] ! decease ( a k+ e "o 0 entitl$ to submit 8 grievances to t c\rt4 7c7 ,if we n[ proce$ to inquire :at is ! symbolical =m ( art1 :i* is giv5 to su* conceptions1 we mu/ look = ?is among ! *>act]i/ic features ( ,egyptian ar*itecture4 ,! =m ( ?is ar*itecture is tw(old2 !re is "o type t is sup]t]rane\s1 :ile ! o!r is subt]rane\s4 ,on ! "o h& we f9d und]gr\nd labyr9?s1 gorge\s & ext5sive excavations1 passages half a mile 9 l5g?1 dwell+s cov]$ ) hi]oglyphics elaborat$ ) e possible c>e4 ,on ! o!r we h pil$ above _! level ^? amaz+ con/ructions among :i* we may fir/ & =emo/ reckon ! pyramids4 ,= c5turies m5 h v5tilat$ v>i\s notions z to ! precise mean+ & significance ( ^! pyramids4 ,x is n[1 h[ev]1 assur$ beyond dispute t !y are no?+ m or less ?an ! enclosures ( ! graves ( k+s or sacr$ animals1 su* z ! ,apis1 ! ,cat1 or ! ,ibis4 ,9 ?is way we h be=e our eyes 9 ! pyramids ! simple prototype ( symbolical art4 ,!y are enorm\s cry/als :i* secrete an ,inw>d )9 !m2 & !y s enclose an ext]nal =m :i* is ! product ( art1 t we are at ! same "t made aw>e !y /& !re = ?is v ,inw>d 9 its sev]ation f ! m]e actuality ( ,nature1 & t _! entire significance dep5ds on t relation4 ,b ?is k+dom ( ,dea? & ! ,invisible1 :i* "h con/itutes ! significance1 possesses m]ely ! "o &1 :at is m1 ! =mal aspect appropriate to ! true type ( art1 t is its dissociation f imm$iate exi/5ce2 x is = ?is reason prim>ily b a ,hades1 n yet a ,life1 :i*1 al?\gh rais$ above s5su\s exi/5ce z su*1 is none ! less at ! same "t ess5tially a def9$ exi/5ce1 & !reby intr9sically free & liv+ ,_s4 ,consequ5tly ! embodim5t = su* an ,inw>d /ill rema9s 9 relation to ! det]m9acy ( ! same's cont5t q z mu* a :olly ext]nal =m & envelopm5t4 ,su* an ext]nal environm5t1 9 :i* an ,inw>d reposes "u a veil1 are ! pyramids4 #b4 ,9 s f>1 !n1 z ! ,inw>d c be g5]ally envisag$ z an ext]nal object to imm$iate p]ception1 ! ,egyptians 9 _! relation to ! aspect oppos$ to ?is ext]nality h come to wor%ip a ,div9e exi/5ce 9 liv+ animals1 su* z ! bull1 ! cat1 & v>i\s o!rs4 ,t :i* is alive is on a high] plane ?an ! purely inorganic object1 inasmu* z ! liv+ organism possesses an ,inw>d1 to :i* ! ext]nal %ape po9ts1 :i*1 h[ev]1 p]si/s z an ,inw>d & consequ5tly a realm ( my/]y4 ,?is sacr$ cult ( animals mu/ consequ5tly be und]/ood z ! vision ( a secret$ s\l#fb1 :i* z ,life is a p[] sup]ior to t :i* is m]ely ext]nal4 ,to u no d\bt x c only appe> z a repugnant fact t animals1 dogs & cats1 are held sacr$ in/ead ( t :i* is truly spiritual4 ,?is wor%ip1 moreov]1 has no?+ symbolical 9 x view$ simply z su*2 = x is ! actual liv+ animal1 ,apis or ! l1 :i* is "h itself rev]$ z ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,! ,egyptians1 h[ev]1 h us$ ! %apes ( animals 9 a symbolical way4 ,9 t case !y are no long] valid1 simply = :at !y are1 b x is fur!r assum$ t !y express a m univ]sal import4 ,we f9d ! mo/ +5u\s illu/ration ( ?is 9 ! use ( animal masks1 :i* we f9d m p>ticul>ly "u repres5tations ( embalm+1 at :i* process c]ta9 individuals1 :o take an active "p1 ei!r 9 op5+ ! corpse or remov+ ! inte/9es1 are depict$ we>+ su* masks4 ,x is obvi\s t ! animal's head is n tak5 to pres5t ! animal itself1 b a significance at ! same "t di/9ct f x & m univ]sal4 ,! =ms ( animals are also utiliz$ 9 o!r ways ?an ?is 9 admixture ) ! human =m4 ,human figures are to be f\nd ) heads ( lions1 :i* h be5 int]pret$ z images ( ,m9]va2 !n !re are heads ( ! hawk1 & 9 ! heads ( ,ammon we f9d ! horns /ill reta9$4 ,examples su* z ! above obvi\sly imply symbolical relations4 ,9 a l s5se ! hi]oglyphical writ+ ( ! ,egyptians is 9 great measure symbolical1 = x ei!r endeav\rs to make its mean+ compreh5sible ?r\gh ! images ( real objects :i* d n /& = !mselves1 b a univ]sality :i* is cognate ) !m1 or1 z is /ill m frequ5tly ! case1 9 ! s-call$ phonetic aspect ( ?is /yle ( writ+1 x signifies p>ticul> lett]s by means ( ! specific m>k ( "s ext]nal object1 ^: initial lett] possesses 9 spee* ! same tone z t :i* x is ! int5tion to express4 #c4 ,& g5]ally x is ! fact t 9 ,egypt pretty ne>ly e con=mation is symbolical & hi]oglyphical1 express+ n itself b indicative ( some?+ m1 ) :i* x possesses aff9ity1 or 9 o!r words a cognate relation4 ,! true/ =ms ( ! symbol1 h[ev]1 are only completely illu/rat$ 9 su* cases :]e we f9d t ?is relation is ( a m pr(\nd & fundam5tal "* ?an ^? we h j adv]t$ to4 ,we w n[ briefly enum]ate a few con/antly recurr+ examples ( ?is m important type ( affiliation4 7a7 ,precisely z ,egyptian belief#fc surmises a my/]i\s ,inw>dness ( cont5t 9 ! animal =m1 we f9d ! human figure repres5t$ 9 su* a way t ! mo/ *>act]i/ic int5sion#fd ( subjectivity is /ill ass]t$ ?r\gh an ext]nal relation1 & consequ5tly is unable to unfold into ! fre$om ( ,beauty4 ,p>ticul>ly rem>kable 9 ?is respect are ^? colossal figures ( ,memnon :i*1 repos+ on !mselves1 motionless1 ) arms glu$ to ! body1 feet close toge!r1 inflexible1 /iff & lifeless1 are set up face to face ) ! sun1 wait+ = 8 ray to /rike !m1 animate !m1 & make !m resonant4 ,h]odotus1 at any rate1 in=ms u t ^! ,memnonic figures emitt$ a musical note on ! sun's ris+4 ,! high] criticism has no d\bt express$ itself z sceptical on ! latt] po9t2 ! fact1 h[ev]1 ( a di/9ct note has rec5tly be5 once m e/abli%$ bo? by ,fr5*m5 & ,engli%m52 & ?\gh x appe>s t ?is e*o is no result ( previ\s me*anical +5uity1 we h an explanation ( x 9 ! fact t1 z sometimes happ5s ) m9]als :i* make a crackl+ noise 9 wat]1 ! tone ( ^! images ( /one is actually produc$ by ! collective action ( ! dew1 ! morn+ cool1 & ! subsequ5t impact ( ! sun's rays1 to ! ext5t1 t is1 t t9y fractures appe> 9 ! /one :i* !n aga9 disappe>4 ,9 any case we may attribute to ^! colossal %apes ! symbolical import1 t !y d n possess ! spiritual pr9ciple ( ,life free 9 !mselves1 & consequ5tly require t _! animation %\ld be br\ght to !m ext]nally by ,light1 :i* alone is able to unb> ! music ( _! life1 in/ead ( hav+ ! p[] to accept ! same f t real s\l ( ,inw>dness1 :i* ess5tially c>ries ) x measure & beauty4 ,9 contra/ to !m ! human voice is ! e*o ( p]sonal feel+ & ! s\l's self1 )\t any ext]nal /imulant1 j z ! height ( human art g5]ally consi/s 9 ! fact t ! ,inw>d ( ,_s supplies ! =m !re( f its own sub/ance4 ,! ,inw>d or s\l ( ! human =m is 9 ,egypt /ill a mute1 & 9 its animation x is ! relation to ext]nal nature :i* alone comm&s att5tion4 7b7 ,a fur!r type ( symbolical conception is to be f\nd 9 ,isis & ,osiris4 ,osiris is an object ( procreation & bir?1 & is done to dea? by ,typhon4 ,isis seeks = ! scatt]$ memb]s1 f9ds1 collects1 & buries !m4 ,?is my?os ( ! god has1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place z its cont5t purely natural significance4 ,f "o po9t ( view1 t is to say1 ,osiris is ! sun1 & 8 life-hi/ory /&s z symbolic = 8 ye>ly c\rse2 f ano!r1 h[ev]1 he signifies ! rise & fall ( ! ,nile1 :i* is necess>ily ! s\rce ( all fruitfulness 9 ,egypt4 ,= 9 ,egypt !re may n be a drop ( ra9 = ye>s toge!r1 & x is ! ,nile :i* prim>ily wat]s ! l& by its floods4 ,9 w9t] "t x fl[s b a %all[ /ream )9 its b$2 !n1 h[ev]1 ) ! summ]-sol/ice 7,h]od41 ,,ii1 #ai7 x beg9s = a hundr$ days to rise1 p\rs ov] its banks & /reams f> & wide ov] ! l&4 ,f9ally ! wat] dries up b5ea? ! sun's heat & ! scor*+ des]t w9ds1 & once m retires to its c\rse4 ,"u su* conditions ! tillage ( ! soil is c>ri$ out ) ease2 ! mo/ luxuri\s vegetation spr+s up4 ,ev]y?+ buds & rip5s4 ,! sun & ,nile1 & ! way bo? ( !m become weak or /rong1 ^! are ! conspicu\s =ces ( ,nature 9 ?is l&1 :i* ! ,egyptian has symbolically depict$ "u a human =m 9 ! my?s ( ,isis & ,osiris4 ,to ?is type ( symbolism1 too1 belongs ! symbolical repres5tation ( ! zodiac1 :i* is associat$ ) ! ye>'s c\rse1 j z ! numb] ( ! twelve gods is b\nd up ) ! mon?s4 ,conv]sely1 h[ev]1 ,osiris typifies "u ano!r aspect ! entirely human4 ,he is held sacr$ z ! f\nd] ( agriculture1 ( ! division ( ! soil1 prop]ty & laws1 & 8 wor%ip is consequ5tly to an equal ext5t relat$ to human activities1 :i* are connect$ 9 ! close/ mann] ) e?ical & judicial functions4 ,9 ! same way he is judge ( ! ,dead1 & secures z su* a significance :olly releas$ f ! m]e life ( ,nature1 an import "u :i* ! symbolical t5ds to pass away = ! reason t "h ! ,inw>d & ,spiritual is ( itself cont5t ( ! human =m1 :i*1 "u su* a mode ( relation1 beg9s to cons]ve ! ,inw>d ess5tially belong+ to x1 "o1 t is1 :i* ?r\gh its ext]nal =m signifies m]ely its own sub/ance4 ,?is spiritual process1 h[ev]1 assumes aga9 9 equal measure z its cont5t ! ext]nal life ( ,nature1 &1 = example1 9 temples1 numb] ( /eps1 floors1 & pill>s1 9 labyr9?s & _! passages1 w9d+s & *amb]s1 repres5ts ! same 9 an ext]nal mann]4 ,osiris is ?us q z mu* ! natural z he is ! spiritual life 9 ! diff]5t phases ( 8 process#fe & its trans=mations2 & 8 symbolical embodim5ts are p>tly symbolic ( ! elem5ts ( ,nature2 :ile aga9 9 "p ^! *anges ( ,nature are !mselves m]ely symbols ( spiritual activities & _! v>i\s phases4 ,= ?is reason1 too1 ! human =m p]si/s "h z no m]e p]sonification1 su* z we f\nd to be !-case previ\sly1 because "h ! natural aspect1 albeit f "o po9t ( view x appe>s z ! real significance1 yet f ano!r is itself m]ely ass]t$ z a symbol ( ! ,_s2 &1 g5]ally speak+1 at ?is /age ( conception1 :]e we f9d t ! ,inw>d /ruggles to come =? f ! s5se-vision ( ,nature1 x is 9 a position ( subord9ance4 ,= ! same reason we f9d "h t ! human figure already receives an entirely diff]5t type ( elaboration1 atte/+ !reby a real ef=t to p5etrate ! arcana ( true ,inw>dness & ,_s1 ?\gh ?is endeav\r also fails z yet to atta9 its object1 t is1 ! ess5tial fre$om ( ! ,spiritual4 ,& x is by reason ( ?is v defect t ! human figure rema9s be=e u ) nei!r fre$om nor s]5e cl>ity1 colossal1 brood+1 petrifi$1 legs1 arms1 & head glu$ /rait5$ & tight to ! re/ ( ! body1 )\t ! grace or motion ( ,life4 ,?us x is t art is fir/ ascrib$ to ,da$alus1 9 t he loos$ arms & feet f _! fett]s1 & end[$ ! body ) movem5t4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is alt]native aspect ( symbolism above ref]r$ to symbolism 9 ,egypt is1 9 addition to its o!r *>act]i/ics1 a totality ( symbols 9 ! s5se t :at 9 "o respect is ass]t$ z significance is employ$ z symbol 9 a sph]e cognate ) x4 ,?is ambigu\s association ( a symbolism :i* makes significance & =m int]tw9e1 :i* is fur!r actually typical or sugge/ive ( mu*1 & !reby is already concurr5t ) t inw>d subjective s5se1 :i* alone is capable ( foll[+ su* indications 9 a v>iety ( directions#ff1 is ! *>act]i/ic di/9ction ( ^! images1 albeit by reason ( ?is ambiguity ! difficulty ( int]pret+ !m is ( c\rse increas$4 ,a significance ( ?is type--attempts at deciph]+ :i* are unque/ionably n[adays c>ri$ too f> = ! reason t pretty ne>ly e k9d ( =m is virtually set be=e u z symbolical 9 "s relation--may v possibly f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,egyptians !mselves h be5 cle> & intelligible z significance4 ,b1 z we insi/$ at ! v entrance ( our inquiry1 ! appropriate motto = ! int]pretation ( ,egyptian symbolism is implicite multum nihil explicite4 ,!re is a type ( workman%ip und]tak5 ) ! express endeav\r t x %all c>ry its own int]pretation on ! =ehead1 b we only f9d !re evid5ce ( ! ef=t2 x /ops %ort ( ! ess5tial po9t ( self-illum9ation4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t we mu/ fix our eyes on ! works ( ,egyptian art4 ,!y conta9 riddles1 ! full solution ( :i* is n m]ely )held f ourselves1 b 0 equally beyond ! rea* ( ! great majority ( ! arti/s :o creat$ !m4 7c7 ,! works ( ,egyptian art 9 _! excessively my/]i\s symbolism are !re=e riddles1 let u r say ! objective riddle's self4 ,& we may summ>ily def9e ! ,sph9x z symbol ( ! real significance ( ! g5ius ( ,egypt4 ,x /&s z a symbol = symbolism itself4 ,9 c\ntless numb]s1 set =? 9 r[s ( a hundr$ at a "t1 we come across ^! ,sph9x-=ms on ,egyptian soil2 !y are hewn f ! h>de/ /one1 poli%$1 cov]$ ) hi]oglyphics1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ,cairo ( su* colossal dim5sions t _! lion-claws alone measure a man's height4 ,_! animal bodies lie 9 repose1 above :i* z bu/ a human body re>s itself2 n[ & aga9 we f9d ! head ( a ram1 b 9 ! mo/ common case x is t ( a woman4 ,out ( ! obtuse /r5g? & robu/ness ( animality ! _s ( man is fa9 to press =w>d1 albeit /ill unable to atta9 ! p]fect repres5tation ( 8 own fre$om1 or a c\nt]feit ( 8 body 9 motion2 & ?is is inevitable1 = he is /ill =c$ to rema9 bl5d$ 9 ! company ( t ,o!r :i* confronts himself4 ,?is /ra9+ aft] self-consci\s spirituality1 :i* fails to grasp itself f ! tru? ( its own sub/ance 9 a =m ( ext]nal reality :i* is alone adequate to express x1 & in/ead envisages & br+s ! same home to consci\sness 9 t :i* is m]ely cognate ) x1 b also t :i* is equally =eign to x1 is1 9 its g5]al t]ms1 ! symbolical2 & we f9d x "h conc5trat$ to a po9t z ! riddle4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ! ,sph9x 9 ! ,greek my?os1 :i* itself aga9 is op5 to symbolic int]pretation1 appe>s z ! mon/] :i* prop\nds its riddle4 ,! sph9x ask$ "h ! fam\s & problematical "q3 ,:o is x1 :o walks 9 ! morn+ on f\r legs1 at noon ^u two legs1 & 9 ! ev5+ on ?ree8 ,o$ipus discov]$ ! simple answ] t x 0 man himself1 & hurl$ ! sph9x f ! rocks4 ,! resolution ( ! symbol consi/s 9 ! illum9ation ( all t is impli$ 9 ! significance ( "o ^w1 ,_s1 j z ! fam\s ,greek inscription cries out to mank9d3 ,"k ?yself4 ,! light ( consci\sness is t cl>ity1 :i* suff]s its concrete cont5t to %9e all lum9\s ?r\gh ! =m :i* is :olly adapt$ to unfold x1 & 9 its positive =m ( exi/5ce simply reveals t :i* x is 9 tru?4 ,footnote #cg3 ,b$eutung4 ,footnote #ch3 ,:at ,hegel means is t call+ an aspect ( s5se bodily or natural itself implies a di/9ction f t :i* is spiritual1 or only cogniz$ by m9d1 & ?is di/9ction is n pres5t to ! e>lie/ human cognition ( ,div9e reality4 ,footnote #ci3 ,das ,li*tre9e4 ,footnote #dj3 ,except 9 ! conceptions ( ! ,hebrew prophets ?is is only true subject to qualification ev5 ( ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,= he 0 evid5tly associat$ ) ! ?und]1 to take b "o case--! deliv]ance ( ! tables ( /one on ,s9ai4 ,footnote #da3 ,phantasie may (t5 be translat$ by ! ^w imag9ation1 b "h ! elem5t ( caprice & dep5d5ce on s5su\s image r ?an creative impulse direct$ by a pr9ciple ( selection is to be emphasiz$4 ,footnote #db3 ,e9 ,taumel1 i4e41 ! dance z ( intoxication4 ,footnote #dc3 ,?is is obvi\sly a difficult passage to foll[4 ,! ma9 ?+ to rememb] is t ,hegel is "h describ+ ! movem5t ( a dialectical process1 t is ! purely objective1 r ?an ! po9t ( view ( p]sonal or ev5 national exp]i5ce4 ,su* vivid expressions z ,taumel & s*amlos h9e9rck5 rem9d "o ( ! ,platonic dialectic4 ,footnote #dd3 ,hegel's editor has ,brahman "h1 b accord+ to a passage l[] d[n 7p4 #ei7 x %\ld r be ,brahm4 ,footnote #de3 ,h9aufs*raub51 lit41 a screw+ up to--a screw+ t 9 fact crews ! head (f4 ,footnote #df3 ,v]dumpf5s4 ,ei!r ,hegel wrote ,v]dumm5s1 or m probably ,v]dampf5s4 ,! idea ( becom+ m\ldy makes no s5se4 ,footnote #dg3 ,?is ,i ?9k is ! s5se1 ?\gh ,hegel expresses x by us+ words su* z das ,p]sonifici]5 und ,v]m5s*li*51 & l[] d[n das ,subjektivir54 ,b previ\sly he has r contra/$ t false k9d ( p]sonification :i* seeks = ! significant 9 ! expression ( ! subject1 8 de$s & acts1 r ?an 9 grasp+ ! motive c5tre ( p]sonality1 ! subjective pr9ciple itself1 & x appe>s m intelligible 9 a passage1 :i* is suffici5tly h>d to foll[ 9 any ease1 to pres]ve t contra/4 ,footnote #dh3 ,!re is app>5tly only "o r+ & sceptre1 b ! words us$ are capable ( ! int]pretation t w\ld atta* "o = ea* ( ! h&s4 ,footnote #di3 ,hegel cites ,wilson's ,lexicon1 s4v4 #b4 ,footnote #ej3 ,dem ,rhy?mus na*1 t is1 ! ,h9doo conception is entirely sup]ficial1 & expresses r a rhy?mic ord] ?an a pr(\nd spiritual tru? :i* ?is numb] expresses1 a tru? :i* z ,hegel has previ\sly obs]v$ may be express$ "u o!r det]m9ations ?an ! num]ical4 ,footnote #ea3 ,un/tigkeit1 in/ability1 flight9ess1 deta*m5t f a fundam5tal pr9ciple4 ,footnote #eb3 ,t is ,brahm app>5tly4 ,footnote #ec3 ,! ord] ( ! words w\ld /rictly mean t ! sons 7 9 ! pit*]s & x is q possible t ?is is ! mean+4 ,footnote #ed3 ,t is1 9 ,greek cosmogony4 ,footnote #ee3 ,:at3 ,c5timan5 ref]s to ,i d n "k1 possibly a "n = ,arges1 ,c]opes1 & ,brontes4 ,footnote #ef3 ,! s5se is :i* is n m]ely 7to take ! obvi\s case ( opposition :i* is1 h[ev]1 n ! "o "h describ$7 totally outside ! ,absolute & incid5tal to1 etc4 ,hegel's words w\ld admit ( ! int]pretation t ?is 0 "p ( ! conception he is describ+4 ,b ?is is obvi\sly n s1 =1 9 t case1 ! negative w\ld be ascrib$ to bo? ! ,absolute & ! o!r ,god4 ,footnote #eg3 ,i/ ,unt]s*eid51 is t :i* involves diff]5tiation4 ,to posit a quality is to di/+ui% f o!r qualities4 ,a fundam5tal1 aspect ( ,hegelian logic4 ,footnote #eh3 ,gli$1 "p ( "o organic totality4 ,footnote #ei3 ,hegel uses an expression some:at simil> to ,milton's ,among ! fai?less fai?ful only he4 ,d5 ,bi%]ig5 ref]s prim>ily1 ( c\rse1 to ! ,p]sian & ,h9doo peoples4 ,footnote #fj3 ,wie des ,inn]n b]haupt1 i4e41 ! ,inw>d ) its significance z ! ,absolute4 ,footnote #fa3 ,9 se9] ,abges*i$5heit vom ,leb54 ,9 o!r words ! corpse 0 pres]v$ z /ill ! only appropriate ext]nal =m ( ,life4 ,?\gh ,hegel sep>ates ! two aspects ( ,egyptian belief !y 7 necess>y concomitants ( ea* o!r4 ,footnote #fb3 ,i h translat$ ,inn]em "h by s\l1 b x expresses ( c\rse too mu* if tak5 /rictly 9 its mo/ p]sonal s5se4 ,footnote #fc3 ,ab]glaube1 n sup]/ition s mu* z belief t is intuitive1 n rationally d$uc$4 ,! emphasis is on ahnt4 ,footnote #fd3 ,hegel puts x 9 ! r obscure & contradictory way t ! human figure is repres5t$ z /ill hav+ ! mo/ unique =m ( subjective int5sity 7,das eig5/e ,innre d] ,subjectivitt7 outside x4 ,footnote #fe3 ,t is1 ! my?ological hi/ory ( ! ,god4 ,footnote #ff3 ,lit41 ,:i* alone is able to apply itself 7t is1 to ! "w ( int]pretation7 9 a v>iety ( directions4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,symbolism ,,( ,,! ,,sublime ,! p]spicuity t has no riddles to exp\nd1 :i* is ! object ( symbolic art & v]itably ! m>k ( ,_s self-clo!d to ! p]fect measure ( its own sub/ance1 c only be atta9$ on condition t fir/ & =emo/ ! significance be pres5t$ to consci\sness di/9ct & sep>ate f all ! ph5om5a ( ext]nal exi/5ce4 ,to ! union ( bo? imm$iately envisag$ we h trac$ ! abs5ce ( art among ! anci5t ,p>sees4 ,! contradiction involv$ 9 _! sev]ation1 foll[$ by ! association :i* x !n /imulat$ "u ! mode ( imm$iacy1 0 ! s\rce ( ! fanta/ic type ( ,h9doo symbolism4 ,f9ally1 we h se5 t 9 ,egypt1 too1 ! free & unfett]$ recognition ( ! ,inw>d pr9ciple & a significance ess5tially indep5d5t f ! ph5om5on 0 lack+2 & ?is result$ 9 ! my/]y & obscurity ( a symbolism /ill m complete4 ,! fir/ decisive act ( purification1 or1 9 o!r words1 express sep>ation ( ! ess5tial sub/ance#fg f ! s5su\s pres5t1 t is f ! empirical facts ( ext]nal appe>ance1 we mu/ accord+ly seek = 9 ! ,sublime1 :i* exalts ! ,absolute above e =m ( imm$iate exi/5ce1 & !reby effects t initiatory mode ( its ab/ract lib]ation :i* is ! basis ( ! spiritual cont5t4 ,z ,_s 9 its concret5ess ! significance is n yet appreh5d$2 b x is1 h[ev]1 conceiv$ z an ,inw>dness ess5tially exi/5t1 repos+ on its own res\rces1 & ( su* a nature t purely f9ite ph5om5a are alone inadequate to express its tru?4 ,kant has rais$ a v int]e/+ di/9ction betwe5 ! idea ( ! sublime & ! beautiful2 & inde$ all t he discusses 9 ! fir/ "p ( 8 critique ( ! ,judgm5t f ! tw5tie? section to ! end--9 spite ( its consid]able prolixity & its r$uction ( e =m ( det]m9ation to a fundam5tally subjective pr9ciple1 :e!r x be ! cont5t ( feel+1 imag9ation1 or reason--/ill possesses a real int]e/4 ,we may 9 fact recognize ?is v r$uction on ! gr\nd ( its g5]al pr9ciple ( relation to be j#fh2 9 o!r words1 to borr[ ,kant's own expressions1 if ! matt] ( our consid]ation is prim>ily ! ,sublime 9 ,nature1 x is n 9 any fact ( ,nature1 b only 9 ! cont5t ( our emotional life t su* a ,sublime is to be discov]$1 &1 fur!r1 only 9 s f> z we are consci\s ( a ,nature peculi> to ourselves :i* involves ! add$ assumption ( "o t lies outside ( u4 ,! /atem5t ( ,kant is to be tak5 9 ?is s5se :]e he says3 ,! true sublime _c be enclos$ 9 any s5su\s =m2 x is only ref]able to ! ideas ( reason1 :i*1 albeit no truly adequate repres5tation c be giv5 !m1 are excit$ & awak5$ to life )9 ! human s\l by j ?is v incompatibility ( ! p]missibly s5su\s repres5tation ) its object#fi4 ,! sublime is1 9 %ort1 g5]ally ! attempt to express ! inf9ite1 )\t be+ able to f9d an object 9 ! realm ( ph5om5al exi/5ce su* z is cle>ly fitt$ = its repres5tation4 ,! inf9ite1 = ! v reason t x is posit$ indep5d5tly z invisible & =mless significance 9 contra/ to ! complex manifold ( objective fact1 & is conceiv$ "u ! mode ( inw>dness1 s long z x rema9s inf9ite rema9s indef9able 9 spee* & sublimely unaffect$ by e expression ( ! f9ite categories4 ,! e>lie/ cont5t1 !n1 :i* ! significance secures at ?is /age consi/s 9 ?is1 t 9 contra/ to ! totality ( ! ph5om5al x is ! ess5tially sub/antive ,"o1 :i* itself be+ pure ,?\ght is only pres5t to ?\ght 9 its purity4 ,consequ5tly x is no long] possible to in=m ?is sub/ance "u ! mode ( ext]nality1 & to t ext5t all real symbolical "* disappe>s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 an attempt is made to envisage ?is ess5tial unity = s5se-p]ception1 su* is only possible "u a mode ( relation accord+ to :i*1 :ile reta9+ its sub/antive "*1 x is fur!r appreh5d$ z ! creative =ce ( ev]y?+ ext]nal1 9 :i* x !re=e discov]s a means ( revelation & appe>ance1 & ) :i* x is accord+ly jo9$ 9 a positive relation4 ,at ! same "t x is an ess5tial feature 9 ! express$ cont5t ( ?is relation t ?is sub/ance is ass]t$ above all p>ticul> ph5om5a z su*1 no less ?an above _! unit$ manifold2 f :i* x !n foll[s z a /ill m consequ5tial result t ! positive relation is depos$ = "o t is negative2 & ! negative consi/s 9 ?is t a purification ( ! sub/ance is ?us effect$ f ! ph5om5al tak5 z any p>ticul> ?+1 t is1 9 o!r words1 t :i* is also n appropriate to x & :i* vani%es )9 x4 ,?is mode ( giv+ =m1 :i* is annihilat$ by ! v ?+ :i* x w\ld set =?1 s t x comes ab\t t ! exposition ( cont5t affirms itself z t :i* r5d]s ! exposition null & void is 9 fact ! ,sublime4 ,we h !re=e n1 z we f\nd to be ! view ( ,kant1 to ref] ! ,sublime exclusively to ! subjective cont5t ( ! s\l1 & ! ideas ( reason :i* belong to x1 b r =m our conception ( x z hav+ its fundam5tal s\rce 9 ! significance repres5t$1 9 o!r words ! "o absolute sub/ance4 ,we mu/1 !n1 fur!r d$uce our classification ( ! art-type ( ! ,sublime f ?is tw(old relation ( ! sub/antive unity reg>d$ z significance to ! ph5om5al _w4 ,! *>act]i/ic :i* is held 9 common by bo? aspects ( ?is relation1 :e!r we view x positively or negatively1 consi/s 9 ?is t ! sub/ance is posit$ above ! p>ticul> appe>ance1 9 :i* x is assum$ to h f\nd a repres5tation1 al?\gh x c only be decl>$ !reby "u ! =m ( a relation to ! ph5om5al 9 its g5]al t]ms1 = ! reason t z sub/ance & ultimate ess5ce x is itself ess5tially )\t =m & out ( ! rea* ( concrete ext]nal exi/5ce4 ,we may describe pan!i/ic art z ! fir/ or affirmative mode ( conception at ?is /age1 a type ( conception :i* we come across p>tly 9 ,india1 & also to "s ext5t 9 ! lib]al atmosph]e & my/icism ( ! m mod]n poets ( ,p]sian ,mohamm$anism1 & f9ally 9 ! /ill pr(\nd] int5sity ( ?\ght & emotion :i* *>act]izes x :5 x reappe>s 9 we/]n ,*ri/ianity4 ,g5]ally1 def9$ sub/ance is cogniz$ at ?is /age z imman5t 9 all its creat$ accid5ts1 :i* = ?is reason are n z yet depos$ to a m]e relation ( s]vice1 view$ simply1 t is1 z an ornam5t ( glory to ! ,absolute1 b are affirmatively cons]v$ by virtue ( ! indwell+ sub/ance2 & ?is is s albeit x is ! ,"o & ! ,div9e alone :i* is set =? & exalt$ 9 all p>ticul>ity4 ,by ?is means ! poet1 :o contemplates & rev]es ?is unity 9 all ?+s1 & s9ks 8 own individuality1 no less ?an e o!r object 9 ?is contemplation1 is able to ma9ta9 a positive relation to ! sub/ance1 ) :i* he associates all o!r objects4 ,! second or negative celebration ( ! ,p[] & ,glory ( ! "o ,god is t g5u9e type ( ,sublimity :i* we f9d 9 ,hebrew poetry4 ,9 ?is ! positive imman5ce ( ! ,absolute 9 ! creat$ ph5om5a is done away )1 & 9 place !re( we h ! "o sub/ance indep5d5tly affirm$ z sov]eign ,"l ( ! _w1 :o subsi/s ov] aga9/ ! univ]se ( ,8 creations1 :i* are posit$ "u a relation to ?is ,supreme ,be+ ( ess5tial & evanesc5t p[]lessness4 ,if "u su* a view any repres5tation is attempt$ ( ! ,p[] & ,wisdom ( ?is ,unity "u ! =m ( ! f9ite objects ( ,nature & human de/9ies1 we f9d no?+ "h t resembles ! ,h9doo's di/ortion ( su* objects by ! unlimit$ accretion to _! measure4 ,! ,sublimity ( ,god is r br\ght home to our s5ses by means ( a repres5tation ^: entire object is to %[ u t all t exi/s 9 def9ite guise1 ) all its spl5d\r1 embelli%m5t & glory1 is a loyal accid5t 9 ,8 s]vice1 a %[ t vani%es be=e ! ,div9e ess5ce & consi/5cy4 ,a4 ,,! ,,pan!ism ,,( ,,art ,anyone :o makes use ( ! ^w pan!ism n[adays exposes himself !reby to ! grosse/ misund]/&+4 ,=1 to take b "o aspect ( ! difficulty1 ?is ^w all signifies g5]ally 9 our mod]n acceptation ( ! t]m all1 & ev]y?+ 9 its :olly empirical p>ticul>ity4 ,we h at once recall$ to u1 = example1 ?is p>ticul> box ) all its attributes1 its specific col\r1 size1 =m & weight1 or t p>ticul> h\se1 book1 animal1 table1 /ool1 ov51 /reak ( cl\d & s on1 to ! end ( ! li/4 ,:5 we consequ5tly f9d ! *>ge advanc$ by n a few ( our mod]n !ologians aga9/ philosophy1 t x makes a ,god ( ev]y?+ 9 g5]al1 x is q obvi\s t ?is ev]y?+ is tak5 9 ! s5se we h j adv]t$ to1 & ?is x is :i* is ?us bodily ?ru/ ^u h] %\ld]s4 ,9 "o ^w ! compla9t :i* atta*es to x is absolutely unw>rant$4 ,su* a conception ( pan!ism only exi/s 9 ! heads ( /upidity1 & is n discov]able 9 any =m ( religion :atev]1 n ev5 9 ^? ( ! ,iroquois & ,esquimaux1 to say no?+ ( any philosophy4 ,! ,ev]y?+ 9 :at has be5 t]m$ pan!ism is !re=e nei!r ?is nor t p>ticul> ?+1 b r ,ev]y?+ 9 ! s5se ( ! ,all1 t is ! ,"o sub/antive ess5ce1 :i* no d\bt is imman5t 9 p>ticul> ?+s1 b is cogniz$ 9 ab/raction f _! s+ul>ity & its empirical reality1 s t x is n ! p>ticul> z su*1 b ! univ]sal animat+ ess5ce or s\l1 or to adopt a m popul> way ( speak+1 x is ! true & ! excell5t1 bo? equally a real pres5ce 9 ?is p>ticul> ?+1 :i* are "h affirm$ & indicat$4 ,?is x is :i* con/itutes ! real mean+ ( pan!ism1 & we %all only h occasion n[ to employ ! expression 9 ?is s5se4 ,x applies fir/ & =emo/ to ! ,ori5t1 ^: type ( conception is bas$ on ! ?\ght ( an absolute unity ( ,godhead & ( ev]y?+ else z subsi/+ 9 ?is ,unity4 ,z su* ,unity & ,all ! ,div9e c only be pres5t$ to consci\sness by means ( ! ev] recurr5t evanesc5ce ( ! limit$ numb] ( p>ticul> objects1 9 :i* its ,pres5ce is express$4 ,on ! "o h& we h "h ! ,div9e envisag$ z imman5t 9 ! mo/ div]se objects1 :e!r x be life or dea?1 m\nta9 or sea1 & ) /ill clos] intimacy no d\bt z ! mo/ excell5t & pre-em95t among & 9 all det]m9ate exi/5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 inasmu* z ! ,"o is ?is & aga9 t o!r & t o!r beyond x1 & 9 %ort is dis*>g$ into ev]y?+1 all p>ticul> exi/5ce appe>s = t reason to be a ?+ :i* is cancell$ & vani%es1 = no p>ticul> is alone ?is ,"o1 b ?is ,"o is ?is manifold ( p>ticul>s :i* pass away be=e semi-p]ception1 z su* p>ticul>s into ! univ]se :i* comprises !m4 ,= if ! ,"o is ,life1 x is also at ano!r po9t ,dea?1 & is to t ext5t n m]ely life1 s t x is nei!r z life nor ! sun nor ! sea t ^! or any o!r objective realities con/itute ! ,div9e & ,"o4 ,at ! same "t we d n f9d "h1 z 9 ! g5u9e type ( ! ,sublime1 t ! accid5tal is expressly posit$ 9 ! negative relation ( m]e s]vice4 ,s f> f ?is be+ s1 sub/ance is ess5tially id5tifi$ ) "o p>ticul> & accid5tal exi/5ce1 inasmu* z x is ?is ,"o 9 ev]y?+4 ,conv]sely1 h[ev]1 ?is v p>ticul>1 because x is equally subject to *ange1 & ! imag9ation does n re/rict sub/ance to "o def9ite exi/5ce1 b moves ov] e def9ition1 lett+ x fall t x may advance to ano!r1 is !reby relegat$ 9 its turn to ! accid5tal1 ov] :i* ! ,"o is sup]pos$ 9 ! sublimity ?us conjo9$ ) x4 ,su* a way ( view+ exi/5ce !re=e c only be express$ 9 art ?r\gh poetry2 ! pla/ic arts are clos$ to x1 inasmu* z !y br+ be=e ! vision ! def9ite & p>ticul>1 :i* 9 _! contra/ to ! sub/ance pres5t 9 ! objects ( ,nature has to be giv5 up 9 a det]m9ate & p]si/5t =m4 ,:]e we f9d pan!ism 9 its purity no pla/ic art is f\nd z a mode ( its pres5tation4 #a4 ,once m we may adduce1 z a fir/ example ( su* pan!i/ic poetry1 ! lit]ature ( ! ,h9doos1 :i* along ) its fanta/ic symbolism has also elaborat$ ! type ( art "u discussion ) di/9ction4 ,9 o!r words ! ,h9doo race1 z we h se51 proce$ 9 _! conceptions f ! po9t ( mo/ ab/ract univ]sality & unity1 :i* is !n c>ri$ =w>d to ! specific %ap+ ( gods su* z ,trimrtis1 ,indras1 & ! re/4 ,?is process ( def9ition1 h[ev]1 is n adh]$ to ) con/ancy2 b to a l ext5t is suff]$ once m to break up1 s t we f9d inf]ior gods are absorb$ 9 sup]ior gods1 & ! highe/ ( all 9 ,brahman4 ,f ?is x is suffici5tly obvi\s t ?is ,univ]sal con/itutes ! "o p]si/5t & unalt]able basis ( all4 ,& if1 z we freely admit1 ! ,h9doos ev9ce ! tw(old impulse 9 _! poetry1 namely1 ei!r to exagg]ate ! p>ticul> exi/5ce1 9 ord] t x may appe> to ! s5ses compatible ) ! significance ( ! ,absolute1 or1 9 ! conv]se case1 to suff] e =m ( def9ition to pass z m]e negation :5 contra/$ ) ! "o ab/raction ( ,be+1 yet at ! same "t !re is ano!r aspect ( _! lit]ature1 9 :i* we also f9d arti/ic repres5tation "u ! pur] mode ( imag9ative pan!ism we h j describ$1 a mode 9 :i* ! imman5ce ( ! ,div9e is exalt$ above all p>ticul> exi/5ce 9 :i* x is pres5t$ to s5se & :i* z su* disappe>s4 ,we may no d\bt be r incl9$ to recognize 9 ?is lat] mode ( conception a c]ta9 simil>ity ) t type ( ! imm$iate unity ( pure ?\ght :i* we f\nd to be *>act]i/ic ( ! religi\s consci\sness ( ! ,p>sees4 ,among ! ,p>sees1 h[ev]1 ! ,"o & ,excell5t is cons]v$ 9 its indep5d5ce z itself a fact ( ,nature1 t is1 ,light4 ,) ! ,h9doos1 on ! contr>y1 ! ,"o1 or ,brahman1 is m]ely ! =mless ,"o2 & ?is x is :i* 9 its trans=mations ?r\gh ! inf9ite v>iety ( ! ph5om5al _w1 fir/ gives rise to ! pan!i/ic mode ( repres5tation4 ,s we read ( ,kri%na 7,bhagavad-,gita1 ,lect4 ,,vii1 ,,ii4 #d et seq473 ,e>?1 wat] & w9d1 air & fire1 reason & egoity are ! eight pieces ( my ess5tial =ce2 yet kn[e/ ?\ some:at m 9 me1 a m exalt$ ess5ce1 :i* animates ! e>?ly & supports ! _w4 ,9 x all exi/5ces h _! orig94 ,ay1 v]ily1 ?\ kn[e/ ,i am ! orig9 ( ! entire univ]se z also its annihilation4 ,aught high] ?an myself is n2 9 me is ?is ,all conjo9$ toge!r1 z a *aplet ( pe>ls on a ?read4 ,i am ! ta/e ( sweetness 9 all t fl[s2 ,i am ! spl5d\r 9 ! sun & moon1 ! my/ic ,^w 9 ! sacr$ writ+s1 manhood 9 man1 ! clean sav\r 9 ! ,e>?1 brightness 9 flame1 9 all ,be+ ,life1 m$itation 9 all :o rep5t4 ,9 t :i* has ,life ! ,p[] ( ,life1 9 ! wise ,wisdom1 9 ! glori\s ,glory4 ,ev]y?+ t is true ( its k9d1 & ev]y?+ t is speci\s & obscure proce$s out ( me4 ,i am n 9 !m1 b !y are 9 me4 ,?r\gh ! illusion ( ^! ?ree qualities all ! _w is made fooli%1 & kn[s me n :o am unalt]able4 ,moreov] also ! ,div9e illusion1 ev5 ,mya1 is my own illusion1 :i* is h>d inde$ to surpass1 albeit all :o foll[ aft] me /ep ov] ?is illusion4 ,9 ?is passage we h indicat$ 9 ! mo/ /rik+ t]ms j su* a sub/antive unity z ! "o above discuss$1 n m]ely f ! po9t ( view ( its imman5ce 9 imm$iate s5se1 b also f t ( its advance beyond & ov] all s+ul>ity4 ,9 a simil> mann] ,kri%na affirms ( himself t ,he is ! mo/ ,excell5t among all ! diff]5t =ms ( exi/5ce 7,lect4 ,x1 #ba73 ,among ! />'s ,i am ! radiant sun1 among ! human signs ! moon1 among ! sacr$ ,books ! ,book ( ,hymns1 among ! s5ses ! spiritual1 ,m]u among ! tops ( ! m\nta9s1 ! lion among animals1 ! v[el ,a among all lett]s1 among ! seasons ( ! ye> ! bloom+ spr+-"t1 etc4 ,?is enum]ation1 h[ev]1 ( sup]lative excell5ce1 & we may add ! description ( t :i* is m]ely a *ange ( =ms1 among :i* x is always "o & ! same ?+ t is envisag$1 despite any sup]ficial appe>ance su* may give u at fir/ ( a prodigal imag9ation1 is none ! less1 by reason ( ?is v equality ( cont5t1 extremely monoton\s & 9 g5]al empty & t$i\s4 #b4 ,"u a high] mode & 9 a fre] mann] f ! subjective po9t ( view we f9d1 secondly1 ori5tal pan!ism is elaborat$ 9 ,mohamm$anism m p>ticul>ly among ! ,p]sians4 ,& "h we are confront$ ) a relation ( "s s+ul>ity :5 we direct our att5tion expressly to ! po9t ( view ( ! individual poet4 7a7 ,to expla9 ?is m fully we w\ld po9t out t s long z ! poet ye>ns to behold ! ,div9e 9 ev]y?+1 & really s beholds x1 he also surr5d]s 8 own p]sonality2 b1 :ile do+ s1 he realizes q z vividly ! imman5ce ( ! ,div9e 9 8 spiritual _w ?us exp&$ & deliv]$2 & consequ5tly !re gr[s up )9 him t joyful ard\r ( ! s\l1 t lib]al happ9ess1 t revel ( bliss1 :i* is s peculi> to ! ,ori5tal1 :o 9 free+ himself f 8 own p>ticul>ity seems :olly to s9k himself 9 ! ,et]nal & ,absolute1 & h5ce=? to "k & feel ! image & pres5ce ( ! ,div9e 9 all ?+s4 ,su* a self-absorption 9 ! ,div9e1 su* an intoxicat$ life ( bliss 9 ,god bord]s closely on my/icism4 ,"u ?is aspect no volume is m fam\s ?an ! ,os*elal$d9-,rumi1 ( :i* ,rck]t1 ) ! help ( 8 m>vell\s p[]s ( expression1 :i* enable him to make light ( bo? words & rhymes ) all ! weal? & fre$om ( ! phantasy t comes s natural to ! ,p]sian poet1 has suppli$ u ) ! faire/ examples4 ,love to ,god1 ) :om man id5tifies himself 9 mo/ b\ndless surr5d]1 behold+ ,him z ! ,"o ?r\gh e "p ( ,8 ,univ]se1 ) :om & to :om e & ea* ?+ is relat$ & ref]r$--?is x is t gives u ! focus ( ?is type ( ?\ght1 a c5tre :i* radiates 9 e direction4 7b7 ,&1 fur!r1 :ile 9 ! true type ( ! sublime1 z w appe> %ortly1 ! mo/ excell5t objects & ! mo/ glori\s %apes are employ$ m]ely z ! ornam5t ( ,god1 & z s]vants to celebrate ! spl5d\r & maje/y ( ! ,"o1 be+ set be=e our eyes to d ,him hon\r z ,"l ( all creation1 9 pan!ism1 on ! contr>y1 x is ! imman5ce ( ! ,div9e 9 ext]nal fact :i* exalts ! det]m9ate exi/5ce itself ( ! _w1 ,nature1 & humanity to its own self-sub/antial glory4 ,! id5tical ,life ( ,_s 9 ! ph5om5a ( ,nature & all human relations animates & spiritualizes ! same 9 _! own nature1 & is fur!r ! s\rce ( t *>act]i/ic attitude ( subjective feel+ 9 ! s\l ( ! poet t[>d ! objects he celebrates 9 8 song4 ,suffus$ ) ! animat+ influx ( ?is glory ! s\l is ess5tially s]5e1 indep5d5t1 free1 secure 9 its compreh5sion & greatness2 & 9 ?is positive id5tification ( itself ) su* qualities x p5etrates imag9atively ) its life into ! v he>t ( objective exi/5ce1 %>+ ! re/ful unity t x f9ds !re1 & gr[s up 9 mo/ blissful1 mo/ bli!some intimacy ) ! natural _w & its munific5ce1 ) ! dr9k+-boo? no less ?an ! belov$1 &1 9 %ort1 all t is held wor?y ( praise or affection4 ,we f9d1 no d\bt1 ! same k9d ( self-absorption 9 ! romantic temp]am5t ( ! ,we/4 ,g5]ally speak+1 h[ev]1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,nor?1 x is n s gladsome1 spontane\s1 or free f ye>n+2 or1 at lea/1 x rema9s m exclusively %ut up 9 itself1 & is consequ5tly selfi% & s5tim5tal4 ,a spiritual mood ( ?is type1 9 its depression & gloom1 f9ds its mo/ =ceful outlet 9 ! popul> songs ( b>b>\s peoples4 ,! spontane\s & joyful emotional atmosph]e is1 on ! contr>y1 cong5ial to ! ,ea/1 & p>ticul>ly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,mohamm$an ,p]sians1 :o op5ly & gladly surr5d] !mselves ) all _! s\l to ! ,div9e influ5ce1 & inde$ to ev]y?+ t appe>s to m]it su* devotion1 :ile !y d n fail to reta9 ! fre$om ( indep5d5ce 9 su* surr5d]1 & consci\sly to pres]ve ! same 9 _! attitude to ! _w & all t surr\nds !m4 ,we may1 9 fact1 obs]ve 9 ! ard\r ( ?is passion1 ! mo/ expansive ec/asy & p>rhesia#gj ( ! emotional life1 ?r\gh :i*1 9 its inexhau/ible weal? ( gorge\s & spl5did images1 "o emphatic note ( joy1 beauty1 & happ9ess r+s aga9 & aga94 ,if ! ,ori5tal suff]s or is un=tunate he takes 8 rev]ses z ! unalt]able fiat ( ,de/9y1 & falls back ^u ! /r5g? ( 8 own res\rces )\t any increase ( depression1 s5sitiv5ess1 or vexation ( _s4 ,9 ! poetry ( ,hafis we he> (t5 en\gh ( ! lov]'s woes & lam5ts#ga1 z ( _m ano!r k9d1 b our poet p]si/s ?r\gh grief1 no less ?an 9 happ9ess1 z free ( c>e z ev]4 ,?is is ! mood ( t sometime refra93 _/ ,= ?anks1 9 t ! pres5t gl[ ,( fri5d%ip circles !e1 ,light /rong ! tap] e'en 9 woe1 ,& joyful be4 _/ ,! tap] tea*es u bo? to laugh & to weep2 x laughs ?r\gh ! flame ( %9+ m]rim5t1 albeit x melts at ! same "t 9 hot te>s2 9 ! act ( consumption x spreads wide ! brightness ( joviality4 ,?is is also ! g5]al "* ?r\gh\t ( ?is type ( poetry4 ,among ! objects frequ5tly ref]r$ to 9 ,p]sian poetry we may m5tion fl[]s & jewels1 &1 above all1 ! rose & ! night+ale4 ,x is a matt] ( frequ5t occurr5ce to repres5t ! night+ale z bridegroom ( ! rose4 ,?is gift ( p]sonality to ! rose & love to ! night+ale may be abundantly illu/rat$ f ,hafis4 ,out ( gratefulness1 ,o rose1 he s+s1 t ?\ art ! sultana ( ,beauty1 see to x t ?\ sette/ n a pr\d face to ! love ( ! night+ale4 ,! poet himself speaks ( ! night+ale ( 8 own s\l4 ,:5 we ( ! ,we/1 on ! contr>y1 ref] 9 our poetry to roses1 night+ales1 or w9e1 & su* matt]s1 we d s 9 a wise mu* ne>] to prose4 ,! rose m]ely s]ves u = ornam5t1 z 9 ! expression1 among o!rs1 g>l&$ ) roses4 ,if we li/5 to ! night+ale x is b to foll[ ! bird ) our own emotions2 we ?9k ( ! grape-juice1 & call x ! break] ( our c>es4 ,among ! ,p]sians1 h[ev]1 ! rose is no m]e image or ornam5t1 no symbol1 b itself appe>s to ! poet z possess$ ) a s\l1 z lov+ bride1 & he transpi]ces ) 8 _s ! rose's v he>t4 ,precisely ! same "* ( a gorge\s ,pan!ism is /ill impress$ on ! mo/ mod]n ,p]sian poems4 ,h]r von ,hamm]1 = in/ance1 has giv5 u a description ( a poem :i* 0 =w>d$1 among o!r gifts ( ! ,%ah1 to ! ,emp]or ,francis 9 ! ye> #ahai4 ,x conta9s an acc\nt ( ! exploits ( ! ,%ah 9 #cc1jjj di/i*es1 :o made a pres5t ( 8 own "n to ! ,c\rt poet 9 "q4 7c7 ,goe!1 too--"h 9 contra/ ) ! m p]turb$ atmosph]e & ! conc5trat$ emotion ( ! poetry ( 8 y\?--0 c>ri$ away 9 advanc$ age by ! bread? ( ?is c>eless & bli!some _s2 & ?\gh already a vet]an1 swept ?r\gh by ! brea? ( ! ,ea/1 d$icat$ ! ev5+ gl[ ( 8 poetic passion1 9 a flood ( extraord9>y f]v\r to ?is fre$om ( emotion :i*1 ev5 :]e controv]sy is ! sub ect-matt]1 /ill reta9s ! beauty ( its c>eless temp]4 ,! songs ( 8 ,we//li*] ,divan1 are by no means ! m]e play ( trivial social urbanities1 b orig9ate 9 a precisely simil> _s ( free & unre/ra9$ emotion4 ,9 a song ( 8 to ,suleica !y are ?us describ$ by himself3 _/ ,pe>ls f ! poet1 ,?9e is ! treasure1 ,?9e 0 ! big swell ,( passion tumultu\s1 ,:i* /rew$ !m on desolate ,/r& ( 8 life4 ,gold-tips ,i call x1 ,pi]c$ ) bright jewels1 ,t5d]ly conn$ o'er ,by tap]+ f+]s4 _/ ,take !m1 he exclaims to 8 belov$3 _/ ,circle ?y neck ) !m1 ,close1 close to ?y brea/6 ,^! ra9drops ( ,allah ,! meek %ell ha? rip5$4 _/ ,poetry su* z ?is is ! product ( an exp]i5ce ( ! wide/ range1 a s5se :i* has held its own 9 _m /orms1 a dep? & also1 too1 a y\? ( ! he>t--9 o!r words3 _/ ,_w ( ,life's own drift ( =ces1 ,_w1 ! weal? ( ^: wave-roll ,caught af> ! bulbul's passion1 ,won ! song :i* %ook ! s\l4 _/ #c4 ,9 ?is unity ( pan!ism1 moreov]1 if emphasiz$ 9 its relation to p]sonal life1 :i* feels itself unit$ ) ,god !reby1 & ! ,div9e z ?is pres5ce intuitively cogniz$1 we h1 speak+ g5]ally1 t type ( my/icism :i*1 "u ?is m intimate mode1 has also be5 elaborat$ 9 ! pale ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,we w adduce b "o example1 namely1 t ( ,angelus ,silecius1 :o1 ) ! greate/ audacity & dep? ( conception & emotional f]v\r1 has express$ ! ess5tial pres5ce ( ,god 9 objective ,nature1 ! union ( ! self ) ,god1 & ! ,div9e ) human p]sonality1 ) an extraord9>y p[] ( my/ical pres5tm5t4 ,! m g5u9e type ( ,ori5tal pan!ism1 on ! contr>y1 is incl9$ to insi/ m ^u ! vision ( ! ,"o sub/ance 9 all ph5om5a & ! self-surr5d] ( ! individual1 :o !reby secures ! mo/ supreme expansion ( consci\s life no less ?an ! bliss ( absorption into all t is mo/ noble & excell5t by virtue ( ! absolute release f all f9itude4 ,b4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,sublimity ,! ,"o sub/ance1 h[ev]1 :i* is "h conceiv$ z ! real significance ( ! entire univ]se1 is only truly posit$ z sub/ance :]e we f9d x suff]$ to retire into itself z pure ,inw>dness & sub/antive ,p[] out ( its pres5ce & realization b5ea? ! %ift+ =ms ( ! ph5om5al1 & !reby is set =? 9 self-consi/5cy z aga9/ all f9itude4 ,x is n till we come to ?is intuitive vision ( ! ess5ce ( ,god z absolutely ,spiritual & ap>t f all image1 & ?us oppos$ to ! ?+s ( ! ,_w & ,nature1 t ! ,spiritual is completely wre/$ f all t p]ta9s to m]e s5se-p]ception & ,nature1 & deliv]$ f det]m9ate exi/5ce 9 ! f9ite4 ,:ile conv]sely1 h[ev]1 ! absolute sub/ance /ill ma9ta9s a relation to ! ph5om5al _w f :i* x is reflect$ back ^u itself4 ,9 ?is relation is n[ ass]t$ t negative aspect already adv]t$ to1 :i* consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! entire univ]se1 despite all ! fulness1 p[]1 & glory ( its ph5om5al cont5ts1 is expressly affirm$ 9 its relation to sub/ance z t :i* is ess5tially ( a purely negative subsi/5ce1 a creation ( ,god1 subject to ,8 p[] & s]vice4 ,! _w is !re=e envisag$ z ! revelation ( ,god1 & ,he is ! ,goodness :i* p]mits ! creat$ ?+ t has no ess5tial claim to exi/1 none ! less to exi/ 9 relation to ,himself1 nay1 fur!r to h indep5d5t exi/5ce & !reby freely to cons]ve ,him4 ,?is cons]vation on ! "p ( ! f9itude1 h[ev]1 is )\t real sub/ance1 & 9 opposition to ,god ! creature is "h assum$ to be t :i* passes away & is p[]less1 s t at ! same "t its claim to exi/5ce#gb is exhibit$ z a "p ( ! goodness ( ! ,creator1 :i* n only v]itably affirms ! impot5ce ( t :i* is ess5tially no?+ ap>t f ,himself1 b !reby ass]ts ,8 sub/ance z ! s\rce ( all ,p[]4 ,x is ?is relation1 s f> z x is set =? by art z ! fundam5tal relation1 bo? ( cont5t & =m1 :i* br+s be=e u ! art-type ( ! real ,sublime4 ,! ,beauty ( ! ,ideal & ,sublimity no d\bt pres5t features ( contra/4 ,9 ! ,ideal ! ,inw>d transpi]ces ext]nal reality1 ^: inw>d ess5ce x really is "u ! mode at lea/1 t bo? aspects are adequate to ea* o!r1 & consequ5tly appe> to be 9 p]fect fusion ) "o ano!r4 ,9 ! ,sublime1 on ! contr>y1 ! ext]nal exi/5ce1 9 :i* sub/ance is envisag$ = s5se1 is depos$ 9 its opposition to t sub/ance1 su* deposition & vassalage con/itut+ ! only mode1 by means ( :i* ! ,god :o is 9 ,8 own seclusion )\t =m1 & 9 ,8 positive ess5ce incapable ( be+ express$ by aught t is ( ! _w & f9ite1 c be envisualiz$ by arti/ic means4 ,! ,sublime pre-supposes ! significance 9 ! self-subsi/5ce ( ,"o1 9 relation to :i* ext]nality is def9$ z 9 subjection1 9 s f> z t ,inw>d sub/ance fails to appe>1 b its transc5d5t "* is s ass]t$1 t 9 ! end no?+ c be repres5t$ save j ?is ess5tial & active transc5d5cy#gc4 ,9 ! symbol ! mode ( ! ext]nal =m 0 ! ma9 po9t emphasiz$4 ,x mu/ possess a significance1 & yet fail completely to express x4 ,9 contra/ to symbol ( ?is k9d & its obscure cont5t we h n[ a significance 9 ! absolute s5se ( ! t]m conjo9$ ) its full recognition4 ,a "w ( art is n[ ! actual dis*>ge ( pure ess5ce conceiv$ z ! int5sive purport ( ev]y?+1 ( an ess5ce1 h[ev]1 :i* delib]ately affirms t v incompatibility ( =m to significance1 :i* 0 only implicitly pres5t 9 ! symbol1 to be ! actually transc5d5t significance ( ,god ,himself )9 ! sph]e ( worldly exi/5ce1 & above all t is conta9$ !re94 ,x is a significance :i* is !re=e sublime 9 ! "w ( art1 :i* is exclusively conc]n$ to express ! same z ?us explicitly decl>$4 ,we may no d\bt ) ju/ice accept ! description ( sacr$1 z applicable g5]ally to symbolical art1 9 s f> z x accepts ! ,div9e z compris$ 9 ! cont5t ( its productions2 b ! art ( ! ,sublime alone c make good its claim to ! di/9ction )\t any d$uction1 = x is "h alone t ,god receives all ! hon\r4 ,9 ?is sph]e1 ow+ to ! fundam5tal "* ( ! significance impli$1 ! cont5t is g5]ally ( a m re/rict$ nature ?an t we f9d 9 g5u9e symbolism1 ^: relation to ! ,spiritual is t ( an ef=t & no?+ m1 & :i* 9 ! cont9u\sly %ift+ nature ( its relations to to ! _w (f]s su* a wide field1 ei!r = trans=mations ( t :i* is spiritual into natural images1 or ( t :i* is ess5tially mat]ial "u accordant fusion ) ! ,_s4 ,we f9d z n[h]e else ?is art ( ! ,sublime1 z a mode ( its orig9al appe>ance1 9 ! religi\s conceptions ( ! ,hebrew race & _! sacr$ poetry4 ,we say poetry advis$ly1 because pla/ic art _c possibly be 9 "q "h1 :]e x is assum$ t no image :atev] is adequate to express ! nature ( ! ,div9e1 & t ! "p ( poetry alone by means ( ! spok5 or writt5 ^w c be employ$ = su* a purpose4 ,a clos] exam9ation ( ?is type ( religi\s conception w secure to u ! foll[+ po9ts ( view mo/ wor?y ( our g5]al att5tion4 #a4 ,if we look at ! cont5t ( ?is poetry "u ! aspect ( its mo/ univ]sal import1 "o ( our fir/ conclusions w be t ,god1 z ,"l ( a _w creat$ to s]ve ,him1 is n conceiv$ z inc>nat$ 9 any =m ( ! ext]nal1 b r z p]sonality )drawn f all det]m9ate & worldly exi/5ce into ! solitude ( ,8 pure ,unity4 ,= ?is reason t#gd :i* 9 g5u9e symbolism 0 /ill associat$ ) supreme ,unity1 falls ap>t "u ! view we are consid]+ into its tw(old aspect1 on "o side ! ab/ract subsi/5cy ( ,god1 on ! o!r ! concrete exi/5ce ( ! _w4 7a7 ,n[ ,god ,himself z ?is pure self-subsi/5cy ( ! ,"o sub/ance is ess5tially )\t =m1 & "u ?is ab/ract conception _c be br\ght clos] to ! envisagem5t ( s5se4 ,t :i* !re=e ! imag9ation is able to seize at ?is /age is n ! ,div9e cont5t view$ "u ! aspect ( its pure ess5ce1 inasmu* z ?is latt] precludes ! possibility ( arti/ic repres5tation "u any =m adequate to x :atev]4 ,! only cont5t !re=e t is left op5 to x is t ( ! relation ( ,god to ,8 creat$ _w4 7b7 ,god is ! creator ( ! univ]se4 ,?is is ! pure/ expression ( ! ,sublime itself4 ,9 o!r words we f9d t "h = ! fir/ "t all ^? fanciful conceptions ( g5]ation & purely physical procreation ( ext]nal fact by ,god disappe>4 ,ea* & all give place to ! ?\ght ( creation by virtue ( spiritual p[] & activity4 ,god spake3 ,let !re be ,light1 & !re 0 ,light4 ,a s5t5ce dong ago cit$1 z a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! ,sublime by ,long9us4 ,& su* inde$ x is4 ,! ,"l ( all1 ! ,"o sub/ance1 proce$s1 x is true1 "u ! mode ( self-expression2 b ! type ( ?is br++ =? is ! pure/1 nay1 a mode ( expression1 ae!rial s to speak1 & )\t mat]ial =m1 ! ,^w t is to say1 ! m$ium ( ?\ght z ! ideal ,p[]1 9 conjunction ) ^: m&ate t x %all exi/1 ! exi/+ ?+ is v]itably & imm$iately posit$ "u ! relation ( tacit ob$i5ce4 7c7 ,into ?is creat$ _w1 h[ev]1 ,god is n conceiv$ to pass ov] z into ,8 reality2 r ,he abides )drawn beh9d ,himself1 albeit ?is opposition supplies no secure gr\nd = a logically develop$ dualism4 ,= t :i* has be5 br\ght into be+ is ,8 "w1 possesses no self-consi/5cy z ap>t f ,him4 ,x is solely a witness to ,8 ,wisdom1 ,goodness1 & ,ju/ice 9 g5]al1 j t & no m4 ,! ,"o is ,"l ov] all2 ,8 dwell+ is n 9 ! facts ( ,nature4 ,!y are solely ! accid5ts ( ,8 ,greatness1 )\t pot5cy 9 !mselves1 :i* c inde$ suff] ! %[ ( ,8 ess5ce to appe>1 b are unable to make ! reality ( x visible#ge4 ,& ?is x is :i* con/itutes ! ,sublime 9 its ref]5ce to ! ,div9e4 #b4 ,moreov]1 inasmu* z ! "o ,god is ?us sev]$ f ! concret5ess ( ! ph5om5al _w & posit$ 9 isolat$ fixity1 :ile ! ext]nality ( det]m9ate exi/5ce is on its side def9$ & plac$ 9 subord9ation z ! f9ite1 bo? natural & human exi/5ce are n[ view$ "u ! novel aspect t !y _c be conceiv$ z manife/+ ! ,div9e )\t at ! same "t mak+ visible _! ess5tial f9it5ess4 7a7 ,! mo/ direct way ( br++ home to ourselves ! significance ( ! above contra/$ relations may be express$ 9 ! /atem5t t "h = ! fir/ "t we h ,nature & ! human =m set be=e u cut (f f ! ,div9e1 prosaic fact 9 %ort4 ,x is a ,greek tale t :5 ! h]oes ( ! ,argonautic ,exp$ition pass$ 9 _! %ips ?r\gh ! /raits ( ! ,hellespont1 ! rocks :i* hi!rto _h cra%$ op5 & %ut l %e>s sudd5ly came to a /&/ill root$ firmly = ev]more 9 ! gr\nd4 ,9 a mann] some:at simil> ! process ( ! f9ite t[>d /ability 9 intelligible def9ition1 z contra/$ ) ! inf9ite ess5ce1 moves onw>d 9 ! sacr$ poetry ( ! ,sublime1 :ile 9 ! conceptions ( symbolism1 :]e we h ! f9ite ov]turn$ 9 ! ,div9e & ! latt] q z frequ5tly ?ru/ =? f its own sub/ance into temporal exi/5ce1 no?+ is p]mitt$ to keep its due position4 ,if we turn1 = example1 f anci5t ,h9doo poetry to ! ,old ,te/am5t we f9d ourselves at once 9 a totally diff]5t atmosph]e1 "o 9 :i* we feel ourselves ?or\ghly at home1 h[ev] mu* we may discov] 9 ! circum/ances1 ev5ts1 actions1 & *>act]s an environm5t ei!r ali5 or diff]5t to t 9 :i* we live4 ,f a _w ( tumble & confusion we are transport$ to ano!r1 & h human figures pres5t$ to u1 :i* appe> z natural z ^? we see ) our eyes1 *>act]s ) ! /able outl9es ( patri>*al life1 :i* 9 ! tru? ( _! del9eation /& s ne> t !y receive an imm$iate ass5t f our intellig5ce4 7b7 ,9 a g5]al view ( exi/5ce su* z ! above :i* is able to grasp ! natural process ( life & to accept z valid ! claim ( natural laws1 wond] = ! fir/ "t is a really active =ce4 ,9 ,h9dooism ev]y?+ is a wond] & consequ5tly is no long] wond]ful4 ,no wond] c ent] a _w :]e ! intelligible connection ( facts is inv>iably brok51 :]e ev]y?+ is wre/$ f its place & turn$ topsy-turvy4 ,= ! wond]ful presupposes ! rational sequ5ce ( ev5ts no less ?an ! cle> p]ceptions ( ord9>y consci\sness :i*1 :5 x meets ) "s example ( causal effect produc$ by a high] law break+ ! cu/om>y *a9 ( ev5ts n[ = ! fir/ "t notifies ! exception z a wond]4 ,wond]s ( ?is k9d1 h[ev]1 are no real or specific expression ( ! ,sublime1 = ! reason t ! ord9>y c\rse ( natural ph5om5a is conceiv$ z q z mu* ! product ( ! ,w ( ,god & evid5ce ( ,nature's submission z su* int]ruption ( ! same4 7c7 ,we mu/ r look = ! real ,sublime 9 ! fact t "u ?is view ! entire creat$ _w is limit$ 9 "t & space1 ) no indep5d5t /ability or consi/5cy1 & z su* an adv5titi\s product :i* exi/s solely to celebrate ! praise ( ,almighty ,god4 #c4 ,?is recognition ( ! nullity ( objective fact & ! exaltation & extolm5t ( ,god are at ?is /age ! s\rce ( man's own self-respect1 & 9 ^! he looks = 8 own consolation & satisfaction4 7a7 ,9 ?is connection ! ,psalms supply u ) classical examples ( ! g5u9e ,sublime1 & are set =? z a prec$5t = all times ( :at our humanity at ! highe/ po9t ( its spiritual exultation has sup]bly express$ z ! reflection ( its religi\s consci\sness4 ,no?+ 9 ! _w c "h make good its claim to indep5d5t subsi/5ce1 inasmu* z ev]y?+ exi/s & subsi/s simply ?r\gh ! ,p[] ( ,god1 & only exi/s z 9 duty b\nd to extol ,8 might9ess no less ?an to ackn[l$ge its own ess5tial no?+ness4 ,9 ! imag9ation ( pan!ism1 :i* ma9ly unfold$ 9 ! direction ( mat]ial sub/ance an inf9ite ext5sion ( range 0 mo/ rem>kable3 :at we mo/ are amaz$ at "h is ! p[] ( spiritual exaltation :i* suff]s ev]y?+ else to fall away t x may decl>e ! unique ,almight9ess ( ,god4 ,an extraord9>ily =ceful illu/ration ( ?is temp] is ! #ajd? ,psalm1 ,! ,light is ,?y mantle :i* ,?\ we>e/2 ,?\ spreade/ out ! heav5s l a c>pet1 etc4 ,light1 heav5s1 cl\ds1 ! p9ions ( ! w9ds1 ea* & all are "h no?+ by !mselves1 m]ely an ext]nal ve/ure1 ! *>iot or mess5g] 9 ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,a fur!r expansion ( ! same idea is ! extolm5t ( ! ,wisdom ( ,god1 :i* has orda9$ all ?+s4 ,! spr+s1 :i* leap f _! s\rces1 ! wat]s1 :i* fl[ betwe5 ! hills1 by ! banks ( :i* ! birds ( ! air sit & c>ol among ! bran*es2 ! grassy v9e1 :i* gladd5s ! he>t ( m5 & ! c$>s ( ,lebanon :i* ! ,"l ha? plant$2 ! sea1 & its sw>ms )\t numb]2 ! :ales :i* sport !re91 all ^! ha? ! ,"l made4 ,& all t ,god has creat$ ,he also pres]ves4 ,?\ hide/ ,?y ,face1 & !y are affright$2 ,?\ take/ _! brea? away & !y are gone & become aga9 z du/4 ,! #ij? ,psalm1 t pray] ( ,moses1 ! man ( ,god1 insi/s expressly on ! no?+ness ( man1 :]e we read3 ,?\ suff]e/ !m to pass away l a brook2 !y are l z a sleep1 ev5 z ! grass1 :i* is soon )]$1 & 9 ! ev5+ is cut d[n & dri$ up4 ,?y scorn make? u to pass away2 ,?\ %[e/ ,?9e ang] & we are gone4 7b7 ,two ideas are !re=e associat$ toge!r ) ! ,sublime1 if view$ 9 its relation to ! human s\l1 fir/1 t ( man's f9it5ess1 & secondly1 t ( ! insurm\ntable alo(ness ( ,god4 77 ,= ?is reason ! idea ( immortality is n to be f\nd :]e ?is mode ( conception obta9s 9 its orig9al purity2 = ?is idea involves ! assumption t ! individual self1 ! s\l1 ! _s ( man is ess5tially a self-subsi/5t entity4 ,9 ! religion ( ! ,sublime x is only ! ,"o t is appreh5d$ z imp]i%able2 oppos$ to t all else m]ely subsi/s & passes away1 is nei!r ess5tially free nor inf9ite4 77 ,&1 fur!r1 on a simil> gr\nd man is conceiv$ 9 8 absolute unwor?9ess be=e ,god2 8 exaltation consi/s 9 ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 9 a trembl+ be=e ,8 scorn4 ,ov] & ov] aga91 ) a directness :i* te>s aside e veil & op5s ! v dep?s1 we h ! cry ( ! s\l to ,god depict$1 ! sorr[ ov] ! s5se ( its no?+ness1 increas+ lam5t & groan+s unutt]able4 77 ,on ! o!r h& if ! individual p]si/ 9 8 f9it5ess ( opposition to ,god1 ?is delib]ately will$ p]si/5ce is wick$ness1 :i* z evil & s9 belongs only to ! natural & human condition1 & is conceiv$ z remote f ! ,"o undiff]5tiat$ sub/ance z pa9 & ev]y?+ else t is ess5tially negative4 7c7 ,?irdly1 h[ev]1 )9 ?is v condition ( spiritual nak$ness1 &1 9 despite ( x1 man secures a fre] & m indep5d5t position4 ,on ! "o h& out ( ! fundam5tal repose & con/ancy ( ,god view$ 9 ref]5ce to ,8 ,w & ! comm&s :i* t ,w imposes ^u humanity1 arises ! ,law2 :ile "u ano!r po9t ( view ! :olly unambigu\s di/9ction betwe5 t :i* is human & t :i* is ,div9e1 betwe5 ! f9ite & ! ,absolute1 is impli$ 9 ?is type ( human exaltation4 ,!re) ! judgm5t ^u good & evil1 & ! onus ( decision 9 respect to ei!r ! "o or ! o!r is transf]r$ to ! individual s\l itself4 ,?is relation to ! ,absolute1 & ! "q x involves z to ! fitt+ness or unfitt+ness ( man ov] aga9/ ! same pres5ts1 !re=e1 also an aspect1 :i* applies to ! individual himself1 8 own behavi\r & action4 ,9 o!r words we may trace 9 man's rightful acts & 8 foll[+ ( ! ,law a relation to ,god :i* is1 side by side ) ! =m] "o1 an affirmative relation1 a relation :i* has to br+ g5]ally ! ext]nal condition ( 8 exi/5ce1 :e!r x be positive or negative1 weal1 enjoym5t & satisfaction1 or pa91 unhapp9ess & oppression into union ) ! ob$i5ce ( 8 he>t or 8 /ubbornness ( _s aga9/ ! ,law1 & accept ! same 9 ! "o case z fav\r & rew>d1 9 ! o!r z trial & puni%m5t4 ,footnote #fg3 ,des ,an-und-fr-si*-sey5d51 i4e41 ! explicit cont5t ( all t is impli$ 9 actuality cogniz$ z an object 9 itself4 ,footnote #fh3 ,accord+ to ,hegel ! conception ( ,kant is "r 9 t 7a7 ,he makes ! ,sublime to consi/ 9 a relation betwe5 ! ph5om5al fact & some?+ :i* x is n2 & 7b7 t he lays x d[n t no m]e repres5tation by means ( ph5om5al =m c adequately express x4 ,he is wrong1 h[ev]1 9 t he ref]s ! ,sublime = its s\rce :olly to ! subjective cont5t1 i4e41 t ,nature :i* is peculi> to ourselves 79 uns47 ,footnote #fi3 ,critique ( ! ,judgm5t1 #crd ed41 p4 #gg4 ,footnote #gj3 ,p>rhesia1 i4e41 1--speak+ freely or beyond ord9>y b\nd4 ,footnote #ga3 ,d5 ,s*5k5 %\ld be die ,s*5k51 & a few l9es bel[ d] ,k]ze %\ld be die ,k]ze4 ,i omit ! ,s*5k5 altoge!r4 ,( c\rse x is possible d] ,k]ze is ,g5itive1 9 ! woe ( ! tap]1 & ! v]b intransitive2 b ?is is v h>%4 ,footnote #gb3 ,?is appe>s to be ! mean+ ( ,g>e*tigkeit4 ,footnote #gc3 ,sond]n s d>b] h9ausgeht1 dass eb5 ni*ts als dieses ,h9auseyn und ,h9ausgeh5 zur ,d>/ellung komm5 kann4 ,t is1 ! art ( ! ,sublime is bas$ ess5tially on a contradiction1 = :ile x assumes ! ,"o sub/ance to be ! significance ( ! ext]nal _w1 x is ! tru? ( t significance t x po9ts to t :i* transc5ds ext]nality4 ,footnote #gd3 ,! ?\ght "h is n /rictly logical4 ,:at is associat$ by symbolism ) ,unity is ! ext]nal ,o!r1 :at is divid$ by ,hebraic conception is ! entire cont5t ( ! ,real bo? 9 its spiritual & ext]nal aspect4 ,b ! g5]al s5se is suffici5tly cle>4 ,footnote #ge3 ,?is ,i take to be ! po9t ( ! contra/ betwe5 ! words s*e95 & ers*e954 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,consci\s ,,symbolism ,,( ,,! ,,comp>ative ,,type ,,( ,,art ,! result we h n[ arriv$ at 9 ! above consid]ation ( ! ,sublime1 & 9 contradi/9ction to ! /rictly unprem$itat$ type ( symbolization1 consi/s p>tly 9 ! sep>ation ( its own indep5d5t ,inw>dness1 consci\sly appreh5d$ 9 its quality ( significance1 f ! concrete appe>ance t is !reby di/+ui%$ f x1 p>tly also 9 ! direct or indirect affirmation ( ! incompatibility ( ! two above m5tion$ aspects to "o ano!r1 by :i* x appe>s t ! significance z ! univ]sal passes beyond ! p>ticul> fact & its s+ul>ity4 ,b 9 ! imag9ation ( pan!ism1 no less ?an 9 ! type ( ! ,sublime1 ! real cont5t1 t is ! ,"o univ]sal sub/ance ( all concrete exi/5ce1 0 unable to be pres5t$ to imag9ative vision or s5se-p]ception )\t "s relation to creat$ exi/5ce1 albeit creat$ "u a mode inadequate to express ! ess5ce ( t ,unity4 ,?is relation1 h[ev]1 0 atta*$ to ! sub/ance itself1 :i*1 9 ! negativity ( its accid5ts1 suppli$ ! pro( ( its ,wisdom1 ,goodness1 ,p[]1 & ,ju/ice#gf4 ,= ?is reason ! relation betwe5 significance & cont5t is also 9 ! case ( ! ,sublime1 at lea/ 9 a g5]al way1 ( a k9d t is bo? ess5tial & necess>y1 & ! two sides ?us l9k$ ) ea* o!r are n yet1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m1 ext]nal to ea* o!r4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 inevitable1 = ! reason t x is implicitly pres5t 9 symbolism1 t ?is ext]nality %\ld come to be directly posit$ & appe> 9 ! =ms we h n[ to consid] 9 ?is conclud+ *apt] on ! art ( symbolism4 ,we may summ>ily describe !m z consci\s#gg symbolism1 or1 9 a /ill m direct way1 ! comp>ative type ( art4 ,9 o!r words1 :at we und]/& by consci\s symbolism is ?is1 t ! significance is n m]ely indep5d5tly cogniz$1 b is expressly set =? z di/9ct f ! ext]nal mode1 9 :i* x is repres5t$4 ,! significance !n appe>s1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,sublime1 to receive an indep5d5t expression :i* is n ess5tially 9 ! actual embodim5t giv5 to x "u ! mode employ$#gh4 ,! relation1 h[ev]1 ( bo? to "o ano!r no long] cont9ues to be1 z 9 ! type la/ exam9$1 a mode ( relation :i* is fundam5tally due to ! significance itself1 b is a m or less haphaz>d association1 :i* may g5]ally be express$ z ! product ( ! subjectivity ( ! poet1 ! absorption ( 8 _s 9 an ext]nal object1 ! result ( 8 wit or inv5tion2 a mode1 9 %ort1 :i* enables ! poet at "o "t r to make a beg9n+ directly f a s5sible ph5om5on1 & to imag9e = x f 8 own m9d a spiritual significance cognate ) x1 & at ano!r to select 9 pref]5ce z 8 po9t ( dep>ture ! real or only relatively p]sonal idea1 ) a view to embody+ ! same1 or ev5 to d no?+ m ?an relate "o image ) ano!r1 :i* pres5ts *>act]i/ic features ( resemblance4 ,?is k9d ( l9k+ toge!r mu/ consequ5tly be di/+ui%$ f t /ill nave & unconsci\s symbolism 9 virtue ( ! fact t n[ ! individual recognizes ! inw>d ess5ce ( ! significances he adopts = ! cont5t ( 8 creation no less ?an1 ! positive nature ( ! ext]nal objects1 :i* he employs z means ( comp>ison = ! m direct pres5tm5t ( ! same1 plac+ bo? 9 ?is juxtaposition ) cle> int5tion ow+ to ! simil>ity he has discov]$ betwe5 !m4 ,! di/9ction1 on ! o!r h&1 betwe5 ! pres5t type & t ( ! ,sublime is r to be trac$ to ! fact t ?\gh "u "o aspect x may be true t ! sep>ation & juxtaposition ( ! significances ) _! concrete %ap+ 9 ! "w ( art is itself set =? 9 express relief to a less or high] degree1 yet1 on ! o!r h&1 = ! reason t x is no long] ! ,absolute itself t is accept$ z cont5t1 b any def9$ & re/rict$ significance :atev]1 ! typical relation ( ! ,sublime falls away1 & 9 its place a relation is set up )9 ! act ( sev]ance ?us int5tionally made betwe5 ! real significance & its embodim5t1 a relation :i* 9 effect produces ! v result 9 ! sph]e ( prem$itat$ comp>ison t we f\nd unconsci\s symbolism 9 its own way propos$ z an object4 ,9 "o ^w1 s f> z cont5t is "h conc]n$1 ! ,absolute itself1 ! ,"l ( creation1 c no long] be conceiv$ z ! significance :i* ,art seeks aft]4 ,t ?is is s is r5d]$ inevitable by ! already obvi\s fact t on acc\nt ( ! sev]ation ( m concrete exi/5ce f ! notion1 & fur!r1 if only "u ! mode ( comp>ison1 ! juxtaposition ( bo? sides ?us sep>at$1 ! category (f9itude is !re & !n accept$ by ! arti/ic consci\sness1 9 s f> z x conceives ?is =m z ! real & ultimate "o2 & = ?is reason1 moreov]1 ! imag9$ significances1 be+ select$ :olly f ! sph]e ( ! f9ite1 h no fur!r association :atev] ) ! ,absolute z ! fundam5tal significance ( all creat$ ?+s4 ,sacr$ poetry /&s out 9 entire contra/ to ?is1 = 9 ?is ,god is ! exclusive significance ( all ?+s2 z set ov] aga9/ ,him1 !y h no /ability at all1 b vani% or are no?+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! significance is able to discov] its image & p>allel ( resemblance 9 t :i* is itself ess5tially re/rict$ & f9ite1 x foll[s t x mu/ itself to t ext5t be limit$ 9 its range1 z1 9 fact1 x is 9 ! type ( symbolic conception :i* n[ occupies our att5tion1 :]e t :i* is f\nd is no?+ m ?an an image1 necess>ily ext]nal to ! cont5t1 select$ purely at r&om by ! poet = ! sake ( ! simil>ity x pres5ts to ! cont5t1 & z su* reg>d$ z relatively adequate !reto4 ,= ?is reason !re is b "o trait left u 9 ! comp>ative type ( art1 :i* is also %>$ by t ( ! ,sublime1 & x is ?is t e image1 in/ead ( embody+ ! fact & significance directly "u a mode adequate to _! full reality1 is only tak5 to pres5t an image & similitude ( ei!r4 ,= ^! reasons ?is k9d ( symbolization is1 if we conceive x ap>t z an indep5d5t :ole1 a g5]ic class ( subord9ate rank4 ,! =m :i* x supplies is m]ely ! descriptive selection ( a portion ( s5su\s exi/5ce imm$iately p]ceiv$1 or ( a prosaic idea ( ! m9d#gi1 9 o!r words1 ! significance is expressly to be di/+ui%$ f x4 ,&1 fur!r1 9 a measure su* an employm5t ( comp>ison 9 works ( art1 :i* are %ap$ out ( homog5e\s mat]ial1 & 9 _! specific =m con/itute an indivisible :ole1 c only ass]t itself z relatively valid1 t is1 z m]e ornam5t & accessory1 su* z we f9d x1 9 fact1 9 ! g5u9e products ( classic & romantic art4 ,x is a fur!r consequ5ce t if we reg>d ! entire sph]e ( ?is type z ! union ( ! two /ages :i* prec$$ x on ! gr\nd t x n m]ely compreh5ds )9 itself ! sep>ation ( significance f ext]nal reality1 :i* is ! fundam5tal causa rationis ( ! ,sublime1 b also includes ! ref]5ce ( a concrete ph5om5on to a univ]sal import cognate ) x1 z we h se5 0 ass]t$ 9 ! real type ( symbolism1 su* a union is not)/&+ 9 no way a high] type ( art2 x is1 9 tru?1 despite its v cle>ness1 a sup]ficial way ( appreh5d+ ?+s1 limit$ 9 its cont5t & =mally m or less prosaic1 :i* falls away into ! consci\sness ( commons5se z fully remote f ! secretly f]m5t+ dep? ( g5u9e symbolism z x is f ! height ( ! ,sublime4 ,s f> z ! classification ( our pres5t subject-matt] is conc]n$ we may obs]ve1 fir/1 t 9 ?is act ( comp>ative diff]5tiation1 :i* presupposes ! significance indep5d5tly1 & affirms ei!r a s5su\s or imag9>y =m 9 a relation ( opposition to x1 !re is ! aspect held con/antly ?r\gh\t t ! significance is "h accept$ z ( mo/ importance1 & ! =m is solely ! embodim5t ( ! same & ext]nal to x2 b along ) ?is ! fur!r diff]5ce makes its appe>ance1 namely1 t x is sometimes ! "o aspect ( ?is opposition :i* is fir/ pre-em95tly emphasiz$1 & made ! significant po9t ( dep>ture1 :ile at o!r times x is ! o!r4 ,& ow+ to ?is fact we h ei!r ! embodim5t pres5t$ u z an indep5d5tly ext]nal1 imm$iate fact or ph5om5on ( ,nature1 :i* is !n relat$ by comp>ison to a significance ( a m g5]al be>+1 or ! significance is indep5d5tly come by 9 ano!r way1 & only aft]w>ds a mode ( embody+ x is select$ f "s ext]nal s\rce1 x matt]s n :at4 ,relatively to ! above di/9ctions we may classify our mat]ial "u ! two fir/ fundam5tal & a ?ird & o!r supplem5t>y divisions z foll[s3 ,a4 ,9 ! fir/ x is ! concrete ph5om5on1 :e!r ! selection be made f ,nature or human ev5ts1 incid5ts1 & actions1 :i* con/itutes bo? ! po9t ( dep>ture 9 ! process ( arti/ic conception1 & ! sub/ance ( ess5tial weight 9 ! reproduction4 ,x is no d\bt exhibit$ solely on acc\nt ( ! m g5]al significance1 :i* x conta9s & signifies1 & is only s f> unfold$1 t x may contribute to ! object ( embody+ ?is significance 9 a specific occurr5ce or condition cognate ) x4 ,! comp>ison1 h[ev]1 ( ! g5]al significance & ! p>ticul> case is n z yet expressly set =? z subjective activity1 & ! entire reproduction w n m]ely be ! embelli%m5t ( a "w :i* actually possesses a sub/antive position )\t x1 b is set =? z itself claim+ to give ! "* ( an indep5d5t :ole4 ,! types ( ?is class are ! fable1 ! p>able1 ! apologue1 ! prov]b1 & ! metamorphosis4 ,b4 ,9 ! second phase ! significance on ! contr>y is t :i* is fir/ pres5t$ to consci\sness1 & ! concrete embodim5t is t :i* is m]ely incid5tal or accessory to x1 possess+ no indep5d5t subsi/5cy ( its own1 b appe>+ z :olly subord9ate to ! significance1 s t we are n[ also made m imm$iately aw>e ( ! elem5t ( p]sonal caprice 9 ! selection ( ?is r ?an any o!r image4 ,?is mode ( production is unable 9 ! great majority ( cases to rea* ! po9t ( a fully p]fect$ "w ( art1 & is consequ5tly =c$ to leave ! =ms x supplies z appurt5ant to o!r arti/ic images4 ,! important types ( ?is class are ! riddle1 ! allegory1 ! metaphor1 ! image1 & ! simile4 ,c4 ,?irdly1 & 9 conclusion1 if r by way ( supplem5t1 we h yet fur!r to include )9 our li/ ! didactic poem1 & purely descriptive poetry1 inasmu* z 9 ^! types ( poetry we f9d1 on ! "o h&1 t ! pres5tm5t ( ! g5]al "* ( ! objects 9 ! cle>ness "u :i* !y are made intelligible to commons5se#hj1 no less ?an on ! o!r t ! exhibition ( _! concrete appe>ance receives a sub/antially indep5d5t =m1 & by do+ s effects ) elaborate complet5ess ! sev]ation ( t :i* only 9 its union & really reciprocal fusion is capable ( giv+ u a g5u9e "w ( art4 ,?is sep>ation ( ! two phases ess5tial to ! process ( art-production c>ries ) x ! result t ! v>i\s =ms :i* f9d _! place 9 ! entire subject-matt] "u discussion h m]ely a claim to fall 9 z "p ( an inquiry into ! modes ( art 9 virtue ( ! fact t poetry1 & only poetry1 is 9 a position to express su* a relation ( self-conta9$ indep5d5ce z betwe5 significance & =m4 ,z oppos$ to ?is x is ! v problem ( ! pla/ic arts to manife/ su* significant cont5t 9 & ?r\gh _! ext]nal =m & view$ ?us ext]nally4 ,a4 ,,modes ,,( ,,comp>ison1 ,,:i* ,,h ,,_! ,,orig9 ,,^u ,,! ,,side ,,( ,,ext]nality ,! attempt to arrange ! sev]al k9ds ( poetic production :i* are apportion$ to ?is fir/ /age ( ! comp>ative type ( art c>ries ) x no little difficulty1 & is a fruitful s\rce ( emb>rassm5t4 ,!y are1 t is to say1 hybrid species ( a subord9ate rank1 :i* 9 no way :atev] m>k out any necess>y aspect ( art ,!y /& 9 ! doma9 ( ,ae/hetic pres5t+ features analog\s to c]ta9 animal types1 & o!r exceptional ph5om5a 9 natural sci5ce4 ,9 bo? sph]es ! difficulty consi/s 9 ?is t 9 ei!r case x is ! notion ( ! sci5ce itself1 :i* is ! gr\nd ( its classification & specific diff]5ces4 ,z diff]5tia ( ! notion ^! are also at ! same "t di/9ctions really adequate to ! notional process1 & intelligible z su*2 ) ^! latt] su* transitional modes are unable fully to con=m = ! reason t !y are m]ely defective types1 :i* proce$ f a previ\s phase t is fundam5tal )\t be+ able to rea* ! next "o4 ,?is is no fault ( ! notion1 nay1 suppos+ t we pref]r$ to make su* ancill>y types ! basis ( our classification1 in/ead ( po9t+ out _! relation to ! specific phases ( ! notional process ( our subject-matt]1 we %\ld h pres5t$ u precisely t aspect ( !m :i* 0 inadequate to ?is process z ! irreproa*able mode ( _! developm5t4 ,a true pr9ciple ( classification1 on ! contr>y1 is compell$ to proce$ f ! true notion1 & su* hybrid types z ^? n[ discuss$ c only be suitably plac$ :]e ! g5u9e & indep5d5tly /able ones %[ a t5d5cy to dissolve & pass ov] into o!rs4 ,ap>t f su* consid]ations1 h[ev]1 ! arti/ic types ref]r$ to belong to ! =ec\rt ( arti/ic symbolism1 inasmu* z !y are g5]ally incomplete1 & to t ext5t m]ely a se>* aft] art 9 its tru?4 ,su* a movem5t no d\bt pres5ts ! ess5tial +r$i5ts ( a g5u9e mode ( configuration1 b x lays hold ( !m 9 _! aspect ( f9itude1 sep>ation1 & purely relative prop9quity2 x fails consequ5tly to rank on ! same level4 ,:5 we discuss1 !re=e1 ! fable1 apologue1 & ! re/ we mu/ treat ^! =ms n z ?\gh !y belong$ to poetry 9 ! specific s5se1 z x diff]s among o!r ?+s f music no less ?an ! pla/ic arts1 b only ) ! view ( po9t+ out ! relation 9 :i* !y /& to ! g5]ic types ( art4 ,x is only ?us _! specific "* c be elucidat$4 ,to su* an object ! notion ( ! g5u9e types ( ! art ( poetry1 :e!r epic1 lyric1 or dramatic1 w n assi/ u4 ,we propose n[ to diff]5tiate ^! =ms 9 ! foll[+ ord]2 we %all beg9 ) ! fable1 proce$ aft] t to discuss ! p>able1 apologue1 & prov]b1 & conclude our inquiry ) ! metamorphosis4 #a4 ,,! ,,fable ,hi!rto we h ?r\gh\t m]ely dwelt ^u ! =mal aspect ( ! relation ( an express$ significance to its embodim5t2 we h n[ fur!rmore to elucidate ! cont5t1 :i* decl>es its suitability = su* a mode4 ,9 our previ\s consid]ation ( ! v>i\s aspects ( ! ,sublime we saw t at ! po9t :]e we h n[ arriv$1 x is no long] a matt] ( any importance to envisualize ! ,absolute & ,"o 9 its indivisible ,p[] by means ( ! no?+ness & impot5cy ( ! creat$ ?+ to rise up to t inf9ite transc5d5cy4 ,we are n[ on ! plane ( ! f9ite consci\sness1 & h only to conc]n ourselves ) a f9ite cont5t4 ,if we direct our att5tion conv]sely to ! g5u9e symbolical type1 to :i* ! comp>ative is "u a c]ta9 aspect equally relat$1 we f9d t "h t inw>d aspect1 :i* /&s 9 opposition to ! =m up to ?is po9t always imm$iately pres5t$1 ! natural %ape1 t is to say1 is ! spiritual1 a tru? t ev5 9 ,egyptian symbolism receiv$ ample illu/ration4 ,to ! ext5t1 h[ev]1 t ev]y?+ natural is left /&+1 & preconceiv$ 9 its position ( isolat$ solid>ity1 ! spiritual is also some?+ bo? f9ite & def9$1 t is to say man & 8 f9ite aims & ! natural ma9ta9s a c]ta91 albeit !oretical#ha1 relation%ip to ^! objects1 a significant sugge/ion & revelation ( ! same to ! use & weal ( mank9d4 ,! ph5om5a ( ,nature1 /orms1 flight ( birds1 ! con/itution ( ! inte/9es ( animals & s =?1 9 ! significance !y possess = human int]e/s1 are n[ accept$ 9 a totally diff]5t s5se to t !y figur$ 9 ! conceptions ( ,p>sees1 ,h9doos1 or ,egyptians1 = :om ! ,div9e is /ill l9k$ to ! ,natural "u ! mode t man1 z an integral "p ( ,nature1 moves to & fro 9 a _w full ( gods1 & 8 p]sonal action consi/s 9 ! display ?r\gh 8 activities ( ?is v id5tity ( ,life1 :]eby ?is do+ ( 81 9 s f> z x is compatible ) ! natural exi/5ce ( ! ,div9e1 appe>s itself z a revelation & br++ =? ( ! ,div9e 9 mank9d4 ,:51 h[ev]1 man is )drawn into himself1 & intuitively seeks = 8 fre$om )9 ! clos$ doors ( 8 own sub/ance#hb1 he becomes intr9sically ! object ( 8 own p]sonality2 he acts1 transacts 8 affairs1 & works z he himself wills2 he possesses a p]sonal life ( 8 own1 & feels ! ess5tial "* ( 8 aims z "p ( himself1 to :i* ! natural is only relat$ z some?+ outside him4 ,consequ5tly ,nature becomes insulat$ ar\nd him1 s]ves him "u su* an aspect t 9 8 attitude to ! ,div9e he no long] secures an envisagem5t ( ! ,absolute 9 h]1 b simply reg>ds h] z a means1 ?r\gh :i* ! gods enable him to discov] su* a k ( !mselves z may contribute mo/ to 8 advantage1 unveil+ _! w to ! human _s ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,nature & suff]+ ! purpose !re( to decl>e itself ?r\gh mank9d4 ,an id5tity ( ! ,absolute & ,nature is "h presuppos$1 an id5tity 9 :i* human aims are pre-em95tly emphasiz$4 ,a type ( symbolism su* z ?is1 h[ev]1 is n )9 ! prov9ce ( art1 b t ( religion4 ,t is to say1 ! vates or prophet subord9ates e significant relation ( natural ev5ts1 pre-em95tly to ! s]vice ( practical ends1 :e!r x be 9 ! int]e/ ( ! p>ticul> designs ( individuals1 or 9 t ( ! common action ( an entire p4 ,poetry1 on ! contr>y1 is b\nd to recognize & express ev5 ! practical situations & relations 9 a m univ]sal =m adapt$ to contemplation4 ,:at we h1 h[ev]1 to deal ) n[ is a natural ph5om5on1 an occurr5ce1 :i*1 9 its passage1 exhibits a p>ticul> relation1 :i* maybe accept$ z symbol = a g5]al significance 9 ! circle ( human de$s & deal+s1 9 o!r words = an e?ical maxim1 a saw1 = a significance1 !re=e1 ^: cont5t unfolds a reflection ov] ! nature ( ! c\rse :i* ei!r is tak5 or ought to be tak5 9 human matt]s1 t is1 facts :i* are relat$ to volition4 ,"h x is no long] ! ,div9e w1 :i* is self-reveal$ 9 its ess5tial nature to mank9d ?r\gh natural ev5ts1 & _! religi\s import4 ,we h no?+ m ?an a q ord9>y c\rse ( ev]yday occurr5ces1 f ! isolat$ reproduction ( :i* we are able to ab/ract 9 a way commonly intelligible an e?ical dictum1 a w>n+1 ensample1 or rule ( prud5ce1 by :atev] "n we *oose to call x1 :i* is set be=e u 9 a =m t appeals to our imag9ation = ! sake ( ! reflection x c>ries ) x4 ,& ?is is j ! way 9 :i* we ought to reg>d ! fables ( ,aesop4 7a7 ,9 o!r words1 ! fables ( ,aesop 9 _! orig9al =m are j su* a mode ( conceiv+ a natural relation or ev5t betwe5 s+le natural objects g5]ally1 ma9ly betwe5 animals1 ^: int]c\rse ) "o ano!r is bas$ on ! same practical necessities ( life t are ! motive =ce 9 t ( humanity4 ,?is relation or occurr5ce1 z view$ 9 its m g5]al *>act]s1 is consequ5tly ( a k9d t may happ5 9 ! sph]e ( human life1 & z su* c>ries ) x a significance = man4 ,z ?us expla9$ ! g5u9e fable ( ,aesop is !re=e ! reproduction ( a condition ( animate or inanimate life1 ( "s occurr5ce 9 ! animal _w = example1 :i* is n by any means compos$ at haphaz>d1 b is put toge!r 9 con=mity ) natural fact & g5u9e obs]vation1 & s reproduc$ 9 ! =m ( n>rative t1 9 its relation to human exi/5ce1 & p>ticul>ly ! practical aspect ( ! same1 a g5]al maxim may be d$uc$ f x4 ,! requirem5t ( prim>y importance t x implies1 !re=e1 is t ! p>ticul> case 9 "q1 :i* is to supply ! s-call$ moral1 mu/ n be purely imag9>y1 t is to say1 fir/ & =emo/ ! sub/ance ( ! composition mu/ n pres5t facts :i* run c\nt] to ! mode ( _! appe>ance 9 real life4 ,! n>rative may be fur!r & yet m cle>ly *>act]iz$ 9 ?is t x does n record ! p>ticul> case itself 9 its univ]sality1 b r ! mode "u :i* ?is1 tak5 9 its concrete s+ul>ity & z a real fact1 is 9 su* ext]nal reality ! type = all action bas$ ^u analog\s circum/ances4 ,?is orig9al =m ( ! fable leaves ^u x1 & ?is is ! ?ird po9t to :i* we direct att5tion1 ! impress ( mo/ navet1 because 9 x ! didactic aim & ! d$uction ( g5]al significances ( utilit>ian col\r d n appe> to be t :i* 0 ! orig9al int5tion ( ! n>rator1 b r some?+ :i* turn$ up aft]w>ds4 ,= ?is reason ! mo/ attractive among ! s-call$ fables ( ,aesop w be ^? :i* correspond mo/ emphatically ) ?is nave tone & n>rate actions1 if su* an expression may "h be us$1 or at lea/ relations & ev5ts1 :i* 9 "p are f\nd$ ^u animal in/9ct1 p>tly are ! expression ( "s o!r natural relation & p>tly are g5]ally put toge!r = _! own sake r ?an exclusively compos$ z ! fancy ( ! mom5t happ5$ to dictate4 ,= ?is reason x is fur!r suffici5tly obvi\s t ! motto fabula docet1 :i* has atta*$ itself to ^! fables z we n[ h !m pres5t$ u1 ei!r takes ! true _s out ( !m1 or frequ5tly is some?+ l a fi/ 9 our eyes#hc1 s t q z (t5 z n we are incl9$ to d$uce ! int5d$ maxim's opposite1 or "o or two z good if n bett]4 ,9 fur!r elucidation ( ?is conception ( ^! ,greek fables we propose n[ to (f] a few illu/rations4 ,! oak & ! re$ /& 9 ! tee? ( ! /orm-w9d4 ,! sl5d] re$ m]ely b[s be=e x1 ! /ubborn oak snaps4 ,?is is a frequ5t en\gh occurr5ce 9 a great /orm4 ,9 its e?ical sugge/ion :at we h "h is "s man ( high position & inflexible temp] z oppos$ to "o ( m mode/ /ation :o1 ?r\gh 8 natural pliancy1 is able 9 mis=tune to keep himself secure on su* ord9>y levels1 :ile ! great man goes to gr\nd ?r\gh 8 pride & ob/9acy4 ,an analog\s case is ! fable ( ! swall[s :i* we f9d 9 ! ,pha$rus4 ,! swall[s & o!r birds ) !m see a ru/ic s[+ ! flax se$1 f ! gr[? ( :i* ! bird-sn>e is to be made4 ,! provid5t swall[s fly away1 ! o!r birds ?9k no?+ ( ! morr[2 !y abide at home & are caught4 ,a real ph5om5on ( ,nature is also at ! bottom ( ?is fable4 ,x is a notori\s fact t 9 autumn swall[s are (f to s\!rly climes1 & consequ5tly are abs5t :5 birds are sn>$4 ,! same ?+ may be said ( ! fable ab\t ! bat1 :i* is despis$ by day & night1 because x belongs to nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,a m g5]al human significance is attribut$ to real prosaic incid5ts ( ?is class1 mu* z pi\s p are only too ready n[adays to int]pret ev]y?+ t occurs 9 a s5se t is edify+ or useful4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n ess5tial to su* a purpose t 9 e case ! true fact ( ,nature %\ld appe> at once z obvi\s4 ,9 ! fable1 = in/ance1 ( ! fox & ! rav5 we are unable at fir/ blu% to recognize ! natural fact1 al?\gh x is n :olly abs5t4 ,x is1 9 tru?1 a g5u9e *>act]i/ic bo? ( rav5s & cr[s t !y set ab\t caw+ :5 !y happ5 to cat* sight ( /range objects1 :atev] !y may be1 :e!r man or bea/1 9 sudd5 motion4 ,natural relations ( a simil> k9d lie at ! root ( ! fable ( ! ?orn-bu%1 :i* plucks ! wool (f ! pass]-by1 or w\nds ! fox t seeks refuge !re1 or t ( ! c\ntryman :o w>ms a snake 9 8 bosom4 ,o!rs set =? occurr5ces :i* may naturally =m "p ( animal exp]i5ce2 take1 = in/ance1 ! fir/ example ( ! fables ( ,aesop :]e ! eagle dev\rs ! cubs ( ! fox & c>ries (f a hot coal atta*$ to ! sacrificial fle% :i* sets 8 ne/ on fire4 ,&1 9 conclusion1 we f9d t o!rs conta9 traits ( old my?s1 su* z ! fable ( ! dung-beetle1 eagle1 & ,jupit]1 :]e ! circum/ance borr[$ f natural hi/ory--we w pass x by = :at x is wor?--appe>s to be ref]able to ! diff]5t seasons ( ! ye> :5 ! eagle & dung-beetle respectively lay _! eggs2 at ! same "t we may obs]ve a cle> intimation "h ( ! traditional importance ( ! sc>ab1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ev5 9 our pres5t example1 is already treat$ ) an incl9ation t[>d com$y1 an incl9ation /ill m pron\nc$ 9 ,ari/ophanes4 ,z an excuse = n ent]+ m fully "h into ! "q h[ _m ( ^! fables c actually be trac$ to ,aesop we m5tion ! already well-e/abli%$ fact t only ( q a small m9ority--! la/-cit$ "o ( dung-beetle & ! eagle is among !m--c x be %[n t !y date f ,aesop's "t1 or t 9 g5]al t]ms !re is any flav\r ( antiquity ab\t !m to support ! view t ,aesop is 9 fact _! au?or4 ,( ,aesop himself we are in=m$ t he 0 a de=m$ & humpback$ slave2 & = 8 place ( resid5ce we are transport$ into ,phrygia1 ! v l&1 t is1 :i* m>ks ! passage f ! imm$iately symbolical & ! exi/5ce /ill fett]$ on ,nature1 to a l& 9 :i* man beg9s to take real hold ( ! spiritual & himself z ! s\rce ( ! same4 ,9 our pres5t connection1 no d\bt1 he does n behold ! animal & natural _w 9 ! way ! ,h9doos & ,egyptians beheld x1 t is1 z some?+ ( itself1 sup]ior & ,div9e4 ,he reg>ds x ) prosaic vision z some?+ ^: relations are only ( s]vice 9 ! pres5tm5t ( a picture ( human act & avoidance4 ,8 conceits are fur!r m]ely ! reflections ( wit1 )\t real en]gy ( s\l or dep? ( insight & a fundam5tal grasp ( reality1 )\t poetry & philosophy1 9 fact4 ,8 op9ions & maxims are1 9 consequ5ce1 fairly ri* 9 s5su\s image & traits ( clev]ness1 b we nev] get beyond ! digg+ away into m]e trifles1 :i*1 in/ead ( creat+ free %apes f ! unfett]$ life ( _s1 is cont5t$ to discov] "s additional aspect t is new 9 mat]ial already close at h&1 su* z ! specific in/9cts & habits ( animals or o!r daily occurr5ces ( little mom5t2 & ?is is s because t :i* he w\ld tea* he is /ill afraid to express freely1 & is only able to make x intelligible 9 a k9d ( riddle :i* is at ! same "t always be+ solv$4 ,prose has its orig9 9 ! slave1 & 9 ! same way prose cl+s to ! entire type ( conception ) :i* we are n[ conc]n$4 ,despite ?is fact1 h[ev]1 ! exp]i5ce ( almo/ all nations & times has 9 "o =m or ano!r run ?r\gh ^! old tales2 & h[ev] mu* any p>ticul> p ^: lit]ature is g5]ally well v]s$ 9 fable may pride itself z possess+ m ?an "o fabuli/ ( di/9ction1 we %all f9d t _! poetry is = ! mo/ "p m]ely a reflection ( ^! prim>y sallies ( inv5tion1 m]ely translat$ into ! v]nacul> ( ! age4 ,all t has s9ce be5 add$ to ! g5]al h]itage ( su* conceits falls f> beh9d ! orig9al legacy 9 real m]it4 7b7 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 among ^! fables ( ,greek desc5t a numb] :i* betray ! greate/ pov]ty ( inv5tion & execution1 be+ m]e pegs on :i* to hang ! in/ructive moral1 s t ! cont5ts1 :e!r !y ref] to gods or animals1 h m]ely a =mal significance4 ,yet ev5 ^! are f> en\gh remov$ f ! mod]n t5d5cy ( do+ viol5ce to ! animal _w z we f9d x 9 ,nature4 ,an example ( ?is t5d5cy is t fable ( ,pfeffel ab\t a m>mot :i* collect$ provisions 9 autumn1 an act ( =esight :i* ano!r m>mot neglect$1 & s 0 br\ght to ! condition ( begg>y & />vation4 ,or !re is t o!r ( ! fox1 ! bloodh\nd1 & ! lynx1 ( :om x is n>rat$ t !y pres5t$ !mselves be=e ,jupit]1 toge!r ) ! tal5ts :i* exclusively belong$ to !m ( cunn+1 ke5 sc5t1 & cle> sight1 & reque/$ t ^! gifts %\ld be equally divid$ betwe5 !m2 ! fable goes on t !y obta9$ su* cons5t "u ^! r surpris+ t]ms3 ,! fox gets a bl[ on ! =ehead1 ! bloodh\nd is good = no m hunt+1 ! ,argus ,lynx receives a cat>act4 ,t a m>mot %\ld cease to make provision = its wants1 or t ! ?ree animals above m5tion$ %\ld ev] incid5tally meet )1 or be naturally capable ( receiv+1 a proportionate division ( _! respective gifts is contr>y to all reason & consequ5tly mean+less4 ,a bett] fable ?an ^? above cit$ is t ( ! ant & ! gras%opp]1 or t o!r ( ! de] ) ! beautiful horns & ! sl5d] legs4 ,con=mably to ! t5or ( fables ( ?is k9d we h gr[n1 z a rule1 accu/om$ to accept ! moral ( ! fable z t :i* is ( fir/ importance1 & to reg>d ! n>rative z m]ely an ext]nal =m1 & consequ5tly an ev5t entirely compos$ ) a view to exp\nd t moral4 ,embodim5ts ( ?is sort1 h[ev]1 m p>ticul>ly :5 ! occurr5ce describ$ is :olly at v>iance ) ! natural "* ( specific animals1 are 9 ! highe/ degree insipid1 attempts at inv5tion :i* mean less ?an no?+4 ,! real +5uity ( a fable consi/s exclusively 9 ?is t x is able to imp>t to t :i* already exi/s 9 det]m9ate =m a fur!r & m univ]sal significance ?an t :i* is imm$iately pres5t$4 ,! "q has fur!r be5 rais$1 9 ref]5ce to ! g5]al assumption t ! ess5ce ( a fable consi/s 9 sett+ be=e u ! actions & spee* ( animals r ?an ^? ( mank9d1 z to :at x is precisely :i* attracts u 9 ?is allusion4 ,we _c suppose1 h[ev]1 t !re is aft] all mu* t is attractive 9 su* a furbi%+ up ( our humanity 9 animal =m1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld exce$ or at lea/ diff] f t ( a com$y ( apes & dogs1 :]e1 ap>t f ! sight ( ! g5]al clev]ness ( ! dress+ up1 ! entire int]e/ consi/s r 9 ! delib]ate contra/ betwe5 animal nature z x really is & appe>s1 & t repres5t$ z tak+ "p 9 human affairs4 ,on gr\nds ( ?is sort ,breit+] f9ds ! attraction to consi/ entirely 9 ! elem5t ( ! m>vell\s4 ,9 ! orig9al type ( ! fable1 h[ev]1 ! appe>ance ( animals end[$ ) spee* is n put be=e u z any?+ uncommon or surpris+4 ,& = ?is v reason ,less+ is ( ! op9ion t ! introduction ( animals is really ( great use 9 help+ u to und]/& & assi/+ ! poet to abridge 8 exposition2 9 o!r words we are well acqua9t$ ) ! qualities ( animals1 ! cut5ess ( ! fox1 ! magnanimity ( ! lion1 ! voracity & viol5ce ( ! wolf1 & are consequ5tly able to set be=e our m9ds a concrete image 9 place ( su* ab/ract qualities4 ,an advantage ( ?is k9d1 h[ev]1 9 no ess5tial degree mitigates ! triviality ( ! relation :5 x has become "o purely ( =m1 & g5]ally x is ev5 a disadvantage to place animals ?us be=e u in/ead ( m51 = ! reason t ! animal =m rema9s a mask1 :i*1 s f> z intelligibility is conc]n$1 veils fully z mu* z x decl>es ! significance4 ,! mo/ important fable ( ?is k9d %\ld be 9 t case ! old hi/ory ( ,re9ecke1 ! fox1 :i* is not)/&+ /rictly speak+ no fable at all4 7c7 ,9 o!r words we may 9 conclusion add a ?ird type ( ! fable1 9 :i* we f9d t !re is already a t5d5cy to pass beyond ! real b\nd>ies ( ! type4 ,! +5uity ( a fable consi/s1 z already po9t$ out1 9 ! discov]y ( p>ticul> cases among ! v>iety ( natural ph5om5a1 :i* we are able to use z evid5tial support ( g5]al reflections ^u human action & behavi\r1 )\t ess5tially displac+ ! animal & natural _w f its own native mode ( exi/5ce4 ,= ! re/ ?is g5]al application or adaptation ( ! p>ticul> case to ! s-call$ moral is an ex]cise ( p]sonal caprice1 or %all we say native wit1 & is !re=e to all int5ts & purposes an affair ( pleasantry4 ,x is ?is aspect :i* receives ! ma9 emphasis 9 ! type ( fable n[ be=e u4 ,! fable is 9 fact accept$ z a witty je/4 ,goe! has writt5 _m a delightful & +5i\s poem 9 ?is ve94 ,! foll[+ l9es occur 9 "o ( !m1 :i* is entitl$ ,! ,b>k+ ,dog3 _/ ,d[n e road afield we ride ,on bus9ess b5t or pleasure2 ,& ev] 9 our wake full-cry ,a h\nd's b>k beats ! measure4 ,loos$ f our horse's /able he ,w always gallop beside u3 ,& ?is is :at 8 clam\r proves6 ,we ride1 are ) ! rid]s4 _/ ,x is equally necess>y "h1 z 9 ! case ( ,aesop's fables1 t objects :i* are borr[$ f ,nature %\ld receive _! native aspect1 & only br+ be=e u 9 _! action & habits human circum/ances1 passions1 & traits1 :i* h a close aff9ity to ^? ( ! animal _w4 ,! /ory ( ,re9ecke is "o ( ?is k9d1 & is really m a fairy-tale ?an a fable 9 ! /rict s5se4 ,we f9d 9 ! cont5t ( ?is ! reflection ( an age ( disord] & lawlessness1 ( evil g5]ally1 weakness1 bas5ess1 viol5ce1 & %amelessness1 ( unbelief 9 religion1 t m]ely reta9s ! appe>ance ( a ma/]y1 or inde$ an e/abli%$ position 9 ! _w-drama2 & ! result is t craft1 cunn+1 & selfi%ness h x all _! own way4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! condition ( ! ,middle ,ages1 m especially z develop$ 9 ,g]many4 ,! p[]ful vassals pay1 x is true1 "s appe>ance ( respect to ! k+2 b practically e man does z he pleases--robs1 murd]s1 oppresses ! weak1 betrays ! k+1 f9ds a way someh[ to ! fav\rs ( ! que51 s t if ! community j holds toge!r t is ab\t all4 ,su* is ! human cont5t1 :i* by ?is fable is pres]v$1 n 9 a m]e ab/ract proposition b 9 an entire complexus ( conditions & *>act]s1 & by reason ( its bas5ess fits 9 ) ! animal nature exactly1 "u ! =ms ( :i* x is unfold$4 ,= ?is reason we f9d no?+ emb>rass+ 9 ! fact t x is )\t any res]ves transf]r$ to ! animal realm2 & = ! same reason ! p>ticul> =m x takes does n s mu* appe> z an exceptional case cognate ) x2 r we are incl9$ to feel ! s+ul>ity ( x make way = a c]ta9 bread? ( univ]sality1 a vision emphasiz+ ! g5]al tru?3 ,su* is ! way ?+s happ5 9 ! _w4 ,! comical side consi/s 9 ! =ms "u :i* ! :ole is put toge!r1 droll]y & je/ be+ freely m+l$ ) ! bitt] e>ne/ness ( ! situation2 ! g5]al effect ( :i* is t we n only h human meanness admirably depict$ ?r\gh t ( animals1 b we are fur!r made a pres5t ( ! mo/ ent]ta9+ traits1 & mo/ *>act]i/ic anecdotes :olly peculi> to animal life1 s t1 despite all t>tness to ! palate1 our f9al view is t ( a com$y ^: ma9 int5tion is nei!r bad nor purely caprici\s1 b "o t has g5u9e e>ne/ness to support x4 #b4 ,,p>able1 ,,prov]b1 ,,apologue 7a7 ,! ,p>able ,p>able has ?is g5]al aff9ity ) fable1 t x accepts ev5ts f ! circle ( common life1 b also makes !m ! depositors ( a high] & m univ]sal significance1 expressly ) a view t ! same %all become intelligible & objective by means ( t daily occurr5ce 9 its ord9>y guise4 ,a diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 at once ass]ts itself betwe5 ! p>able & fable1 & x is ?is1 t ! =m] selects su* occurr5ces 9 human action & habits1 z we h !m e day be=e our eyes1 r ?an 9 ,nature & ! animal _w2 x !n exp&s ! p>ticul> case select$1 :i* appe>s trite en\gh at fir/ z su* a p>ticul>1 to ! range ( wid] int]e/1 by sugge/+ ?r\gh x a high] k9d ( significance4 ,= ?is reason ! range & ! importance ( ! significances 9 weal? ( cont5t c mat]ially be increas$ & deep5$#hd1 :ile1 if we take ! po9t ( view ( =m1 x is cle> t ! subjective process ( int5tional comp>ison & sett+ out ( a g5]ally in/ructive reflection already m>ks ! acceptance & appe>ance ( a m advanc$ type4 ,z a p>able1 /ill unit$ to a :olly practical end1 we may view ! means ( p]suasion us$ by ,cyrus to induce ! ,p]sians to rebel 7,h]od41 ,i1 cap4 #abf74 ,8 lett] to ! ,p]sians advis$ !m to betake !mselves to a c]ta9 spot provid$ ) sickles4 ,:5 !re he set !m all on ! fir/ day to cle> ) h>d lab\r a c]ta9 field ov]gr[n ) ?i/les4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 h[ev]1 aft] !y _h re/$ & ba!d1 he conduct$ !m to a mead[ & suppli$ !m ) ample *e] 9 ! %ape ( food & w9e4 ,f9ally1 at ! close ( ! fea/1 he ask$ ( !m :i* ( ! two days _h prov$ ! mo/ enjoyable4 ,all vot$ naturally = to-day r ?an ye/]day2 ! =m] _h br\ght !m only good ?+s1 :ile ! latt] _h be5 a day ( we>9ess & toil4 ,on ?is ,cyrus exclaim$3 ,foll[ me1 & _m w be ! good days su* z ! pres5t has br\ght y4 ,refuse to foll[ me1 & c\ntless lab\rs are 9 /ore q a mat* = ^? ( ye/]day4 ,( a type ak9 to ! above1 ?\gh ( pr(\nde/ int]e/ & ! wide/ range consid]$ relatively to _! significance1 are ! p>ables we meet ) 9 ! ,gospels4 ,take1 = example1 t ( ! s[]1 a n>rative :i* z su* possesses ! mo/ unimportant subject-matt]1 & ^: significance c5tres ?r\gh\t 9 ! comp>ison x supplies to ! prea*+ ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,! significance 9 ^! p>ables is :olly a religi\s gospel1 to :i* ! human occurr5ces1 :]e9 su* is imag9atively pres5t$1 /& 9 a relation simil> to t betwe5 ! animal & human _w 9 ! fables ( ,aesop1 :]e ! =m] elicits ! mean+ ( ! latt]4 ,( a l bread? ( cont5t is ! fam\s /ory ( ,boccaccio1 :i* ,less+ conv]t$ 9 8 ,na?am into ! p>able ( ! ?ree r+s4 ,! sub/ance ( ! n>rative is also 9 ?is case tak5 by itself no?+ rem>kable2 ! extraord9>ily wide1 rea* ( its cont5t arises :olly f ! way ! diff]5ces betwe5 & ! relative validity ( ! ?ree religions1 namely1 ! ,jewi%1 ! ,mohamm$an1 & ! ,*ri/ian1 are sugge/$ by x4 ,! same ?+ may be said ( ! late/ novelties 9 ?is type ( art1 ! p>ables ( ,goe! = example4 ,take t ( ! cat-pa/y4 ,9 ?is a fam\s *ef1 9 ord] to prove himself hunt] no less ?an cook1 w5t out hunt+1 b %ot a tom-cat in/ead ( a h>e1 :i* he !n s]v$ up to ! company sauc$ ) 8 mo/ consummate art4 ,?is is no d\bt a ref]5ce to ! ,light !ory ( ,newton4 ,we h "h "u ! guise ( ! h>e-pie :i* ! cook tri$ 9 va9 to elaborate out ( a cat a reflection ( t abortive type ( physical sci5ce :i* ! ma!matician w assume to be some?+ bett] ?an x is4 ,^! p>ables ( ,goe! frequ5tly h a /rong t\* ( droll]y ab\t !m1 an aspect :i* !y %>e ) 8 fables by ! help ( :i* he 0 wont to %$ himself ( life's disappo9tm5ts4 7b7 ,! ,prov]b ,! prov]b =ms z x 7 ! middle po9t ( ?is sph]e4 ,9 ! =m ( _! execution1 t is to say1 prov]bs lean at "o "t 9 ! direction ( ! fable1 at ano!r to t ( ! apologue4 ,!y give u a p>ticul> case select$ = ! mo/ "p f ! daily walk ( mank9d1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is to be int]pret$ univ]sally4 ,take ! example1 ,"o h& wa%es ! o!r1 or ^? o!rs1 ,e "o :eels be=e 8 own door1 ,:o digs a grave = ano!r1 falls into x himself1 ,bake a pudd+ = me & ,i w /aun* y\r ?ir/1 & o!rs l !m4 ,to wise saws ( ?is type belong ! _m apoph!gems t ,goe! has contribut$ to mod]n lit]ature1 (t5 ( exquisite grace & pr(\nd to a degree4 ,^! are n modes ( comp>ison ( ! type t ! g5]al significance & ! concrete ph5om5on are oppos$ to "o ano!r 9 sep>ation1 b ! =m] is imm$iately express$ ) ! latt]4 7c7 ,! ,apologue ,! apologue may be reg>d$ z a p>able1 :i* n only s]ves 9 ! way ( comp>ison to r5d] visible a g5]al significance1 b r 9 ?is its v =m reproduces & expresses ! g5]al moral1 ! same be+ actually includ$ 9 ! p>ticul> case1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 relat$ z only a s+le example4 ,con=mably to ?is def9ition we may call ,goe!'s ,d] ,gott und die ,bajad]e an apologue4 ,"h we f9d ! ,*ri/ian tale ( ! rep5tant ,magdal5e reclo!d 9 accordance ) ,h9doo ideas4 ,! ,bajad]e#he exemplifies ! same humility1 a l /r5g? ( love & fai?2 ,god puts h] to ! pro(1 an ordeal %e completely su/a9s1 & h] exaltation & reconciliation foll[s4 ,9 ! apologue also n>rative is s ext5d$ t ! outcome ( x furni%es ! moral itself1 b>e ( any p>allel to support x1 z may be illu/rat$ f ,! ,treasure-,f9d]3 _/ ,"w by day & gue/s at night1 ,weeks ( moil1 fea/s ( delight1 ,su* ! ,future's spell = !e4 _/ #c4 ,,! ,,metamorphosis#hf ,! ?ird mode we h to discuss 9 its contra/ to ! fable1 p>able1 prov]b1 & apologue1 is ! metamorphosis4 ,?is is no d\bt ( a k9d :i* is bo? symbolical & my?ological2 x sets =?1 h[ev]1 expressly fur!rmore ! natural 9 its opposition to ! spiritual4 ,t is to say1 x conf]s on an object imm$iately pres5t to s5se su* z a rock1 animal1 fl[]1 or spr+ ! peculi> significance ( be+ a delapsus & a puni%m5t ( spiritual exi/5ces4 ,su* are ! examples ( ,philomela1 ! ,pi]$es1 ,n>cissus1 & ,are?usa1 all ( :om1 ?r\gh "s false /ep1 passion1 transgression or ! l1 became subject to irrep>able guilt or pa91 & = ?is reason 7 depriv$ ( ! fre$om ( spiritual life1 & unit$ to ! sub/ance ( physical nature4 ,f "o po9t ( view ,nature is n reg>d$ m]ely "u its ext]nal & prosaic aspect1 simply1 t is1 z m\nta91 riv]-s\rce1 tree & s =?1 b x fur!r receives a cont5t :i* is b\nd up ) "s action or ev5t ( spiritual life4 ,! rock is n simply /one1 b ,niobe h]self1 :o weeps = h] *ildr54 ,f ! o!r po9t ( view ?is human action implies guilt ( "s k9d1 & ?is metamorphosis into ! physical ph5om5on is accept$ z a degradation ( ,_s4 ,x is !re=e necess>y to di/+ui% ^! metamorphoses ( human individuals or gods v %>ply f ! g5u9e type ( unconsci\s symbolism4 ,to return to ,egypt1 = example1 ! ,div9e is "h 9 "p imm$iately envisag$ 9 ! my/]i\s & seclud$ int5sion ( animal life1 p>tly1 too1 ! real symbol is "h a natural =m :i* is imm$iately associat$ ) a wid] significance cognate to x1 despite ! fact t ?is =m is unable to supply ! det]m9ate exi/5ce fully comm5surate ) x2 & ?is is s = ! reason t nei!r 9 respect to its =m or its cont5t has unconsci\s symbolism arriv$ at ! free outlook ( ,_s4 ,metamorphosis1 on ! contr>y1 emphasizes ! ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 ,nature & ,_s1 & by do+ s m>ks ! passage f t :i* is bo? symbolical & my?ological to t :i* is 9 ! /rict s5se my?ological1 "u1 t is to say1 a conception ( ! latt]1 :i*1 albeit t x proce$s 9 its my?s f a concrete fact ( ,nature su* z sun1 sea1 riv]s1 trees1 e>?1 & ! l1 nev]!less1 fur!r & expressly sets ?is purely natural aspect on "o side & ap>t1 dive/+ su* natural ph5om5a ( _! inn] cont5t & individualiz+ ! same z a spiritual ,p[] 9 ! adequate arti/ic =m ( gods clo!d 9 ! l9eam5ts ( humanity1 :e!r we reg>d !m z ext]nal %ape or spiritual activity4 ,9 ?is s5se ,hom] & ,hesiod h giv5 to ! ,greeks _! my?ology1 a my?ology :i* by no means m]ely consi/s 9 ! revelation ( ! significance ( su* gods1 by no means is m]ely an exposition ( moral1 physical1 !ological1 or speculative doctr9e1 b "o t is a my?ology 9 ! /rict s5se1 t is ! orig9 ( a spiritual religion "u ! g5u9e guise ( our humanity4 ,9 ! ,metamorphoses ( ,ovid ! mo/ het]og5e\s mat]ial is br\ght toge!r q ap>t f ! entirely mod]n _s 9 :i* my? is treat$4 ,beside ! m]e aspect ( metamorphosis1 :i* c\ld "h 9 g5]al t]ms only be conceiv$ z a k9d ( my?ical repres5tation1 we h ! specific "*#hg ( ?is type rais$ 9 an exceptional way 9 ^! n>rations1 9 :i* embodim5ts ( ?is sort1 :i* are commonly accept$ z symbolical1 or are already receiv$ 9 _! entirely my?ical "*1 appe> to h be5 conv]t$ into metamorphoses1 & t :i* is else:]e unit$ is s pres5t$ z to ass]t an opposition betwe5 its significance & =m1 & ! passage ( ! "o into ! o!r4 ,9 ?is way1 = in/ance1 ! ,phrygian or ,egyptian symbol1 ! wolf1 is s sep>at$ f its intr9sic significance1 t ! same is conv]t$ into a previ\s exi/5ce if n actually into ! k+%ip ( ! ,sun1 & ! exi/5ce ( ! wolf is conceiv$ z result+ f an act ( t human exi/5ce4 ,9 ! same way 9 ! song ( ! ,pi]ides ! ,egyptian gods1 ! ram1 ! cat1 & s =? are imag$ z su* animal =ms1 9 :i* ! my?ical gods ( ,greece1 ,jupit]1 ,v5us1 & ! re/ h conceal$ !mselves f %e] fright4 ,! ,pi]ides !mselves1 h[ev]1 by way ( puni%m5t1 9 t !y d>$ to rival ! ,muses ) _! s++1 are *ang$ into woodpeck]s4 ,look$ at f ano!r side x is equally necess>y1 ) a view to secur+ ! m accurate def9ition1 :i* ! cont5t :]e9 ! significance consi/s ess5tially c>ries1 t we di/+ui% ! metamorphosis f ! fable4 ,t is to say 9 ! fable ! b9d+ toge!r ( ! moral ) ! natural fact is an association t is h>mless2 = 9 ?is ! ?+ ( ,nature1 reg>d$ "u ! mode 9 :i* x diff]s 9 its natural aspect f ,_s1 does n affect ! significance1 al?\gh !re are c]ta9ly s+le examples ( ! fables ( ,aesop1 :i*1 ) b slight alt]ation1 w\ld be in/ances ( metamorphosis4 ,z su* may be cit$ ! =ty-second fable ( ! bat1 ! ?orn-bu%1 & ! div]1 ^: in/9cts are expla9$ z due to ! ill-luck ( =m] exp]i5ces4 ,& "h we mu/ end our passage ?r\gh ?is ! fir/ circle ( ! comp>ative type ( art4 ,x />t$ f t :i* 0 imm$iately pres5t to s5se1 t is1 ! concrete ph5om5on4 ,we proce$ n[ f ! po9t we h arriv$ at to exam9e a fur!r k9d ( significance :i* ! type unfolds4 ,b4 ,,comp>isons1 ,,:i* ,,9 ,,_! ,,imag9ative ,,pres5tm5t ,,h ,,_! ,,orig9 ,,9 ,,! ,,significance4 ,=asmu* z ! sev]ation ( significance f embodim5t is ! hypo/asiz$ =m = consci\sness1 )9 :i* ! relation ( bo? orig9ates indep5d5tly1 x is bo? possible & inevitable t 9 ! articulation ( ! self-subsi/5cy ( "o side no less ?an ! o!r a />t %\ld be made n only f ext]nal exi/5ce1 b conv]sely & z emphatically f t :i* is imm$iately pres5t to ! consci\s subject1 9 o!r words g5]al conceptions1 reflections1 emotions1 & pr9ciples ( ?\ght4 ,= ?is inw>d aspect is equally ) ! images ( ext]nal objects a subject-matt] pres5t to consci\sness & 9 its indep5d5ce ( t :i* is ext]nal proce$s on its way f its own res\rces4 ,9 ! case1 !n1 :]e we f9d ! significance is ! po9t ( dep>ture1 ! expression1 t is1 ! reality1 appe>s z ! modus =mul&i1 :i* is ab/ract$ f ! concrete _w 9 ord] to give a visible & s5su\sly def9$ %ape to ! significance reg>d$ z ab/ract cont5t4 ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to ! reciprocally indiff]5t relation "u :i* bo? sides confront ea* o!r1 ?is association :i* b9ds ! two sides toge!r is1 z we h already se51 no ess5tially explicit & necess>y union2 consequ5tly ! relation1 su* z x is1 t is no actual reflection ( objective fact1 is r a product ( active m9d1 :i* no long] ev5 disguises ?is its fundam5tal "*1 b r delib]ately exposes x 9 ! =m ( its repres5tation4 ,! v embodim5t possesses ?is b9d+ toge!r ( =m & cont5t1 s\l & body1 "u ! guise ( concrete animation#hh1 z ess5tially & explicitly ! sub/antial union ( bo? sides 9 ! s\l z 9 ! body1 9 ! cont5t z 9 ! =m4 ,9 ! case be=e u1 h[ev]1 :at is presuppos$ by consci\sness is ! dislocation ( ! two sides1 & consequ5tly _! association is ! vivification ( ! significance simply = consci\sness by means ( a %ape ext]nal to x1 & an indication ( a real exi/5ce1 equally subjective 9 its "* ?r\gh ! relation ( ! same to ! g5]al conceptions1 emotions1 & ?\ghts common to humanity4 ,= ?is reason :at is ma9ly emphasiz$ 9 ^! =ms ( comp>ative art is ! subjective art ( ! poet 9 8 creative capacity1 & 9 complete works ( art we h ma9ly 9 our attitude to ?is p>ticul> aspect ( !m to sep>ate t :i* /rictly is appurt5ant to _! subject-matt] & its necess>y embodim5t f t :i* is atta*$ to !m by ! poet z m]e ornam5t & embelli%m5t4 ,su* accessory detail1 :i* we _c fail to di/+ui%1 t is1 consi/+ ma9ly ( images1 similes1 allegories1 & metaphor1 is precisely t "p ( 8 "w 9 virtue ( :i* he e>ns 8 title to fame ) mo/ p1 a t5d5cy :i* is all ! m common because x indirectly be>s witness to ! insight & subtlety :i* enables su* critics to discov] our poet & draw att5tion to t aspect ( 8 inv5tion :i* is s entirely 8 own4 ,b = all t1 z we h already obs]v$1 9 g5u9e works ( art su* =ms z ^? we are discuss+ c only be reg>d$ z accessory1 al?\gh we d\btless d f9d 9 previ\s works on ,poetics su* incid5tal features treat$ z precisely ^? :i* g to make ! poet4 ,fur!rmore h[ev]1 ?\gh unque/ionably 9 ! fir/ in/ance ! two sides :i* h to be associat$ /& 9 a relation ( indiff]5ce to "o ano!r1 yet 9 ord] to ju/ify ! subjective relation & comp>ison1 ! embodim5ts mu/ also 9 ! "* ( its cont5t itself include ! same relations & qualities "u a cognate mode to t :i* ! significance intr9sically possesses2 ! grasp ( ?is simil>ity is1 9 fact1 ! "o sure gr\nd ^u :i* ! sett+ =? ( ! significance 9 union ) ?is specific =m r ?an any o!r1 & ! envisagem5t ( su* import by its means is bas$4 ,la/ly1 inasmu* z we beg9 "h1 n f ! concrete ph5om5on1 by ! ab/raction ( a g5]al *>act]i/ic f t1 b conv]sely f ?is univ]sal itself1 :i* ! int5tion is to h reflect$ 9 an image1 ! significance secures ! position :i* makes x /& out actually z ! real object1 & z su* is pr$om9ant ov] ! s5su\s picture :i* is ! modus ( its envisagem5t4 ,! s]ies 9 :i* we propose n[ to exam9e ! p>ticul> types we h m5tion$ z belong+ to ?is phase ( comp>ative art may be indicat$ z foll[s3 ,fir/ 9 ord]1 z mo/ cognate to ! previ\s /age1 ! riddle w enli/ our att5tion4 ,secondly1 we h to exam9e ! allegory1 9 :i* z ! ma9 feature we %all f9d ! ab/ract significance ass]t a ma/]y ov] ! ext]nal =m4 ,?irdly1 we h ! class ( ! comp>ison 9 its /rict s5se2 metaphor1 image1 & simile4 #a4 ,,! ,,riddle ,! true symbol is ess5tially enigmatical 9 s f> z ! ext]nality1 by means ( :i* a g5]al significance is made app>5t1 /ill diff]s f ! import x is int5d$ to express3 9 o!r words x !reby raises ! d\bt z to :at is ! exact signification applicable to ! =m4 ,! riddle1 h[ev]1 app]ta9s to consci\s symbolism1 & an obvi\s di/9ction betwe5 x & ! g5u9e symbol is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t 9 ! =m] case ! mean+ is cle>ly & fully recogniz$ by ! prop\nd] ( x1 & ! =m :i* veils t :i* is to be int]pret$ by x is !re=e int5tionally select$ = ?is v purpose4 ,! g5u9e symbol is bo? be=e & aft] ! act ( selection an unsolv$ problem1 ! riddle1 on ! contr>y1 is ess5tially a problem t is solv$4 ,x is !re=e ) v good reason t ,san*o ,panza exclaims3 ,i %\ld mu* pref] to he> ! solution fir/ & ! riddle aft]w>ds4 7a7 ,fir/1 !n1 9 ! inv5tion ( ! riddle1 ! po9t f :i* ! process />ts1 is ! appreh5d$ mean+1 ! signification ( x4 7b7 ,! second /ep consi/s 9 ! int5tional selection ( traits ( "* & o!r qualities f ! common exp]i5ce ( ! ext]nal _w1 :i*--su* is always ! aspect ( ,nature & ext]nal objects ( e k9d--are plac$ relatively to "o ano!r 9 piecemeal fa%ion1 & 9 ?us sett+ !m =? 9 disp>ate contiguity1 :i* makes _! s+ul>ity ! m /rik+4 ,& inasmu* z !y are s plac$ !y are )\t ! enfold+ unity ( m9d1 & _! array & association int5tionally di/ract has s f> no intr9sic significance :atev]4 ,& yet = all t1 & ?is is ! o!r aspect ( ! riddle1 !y d expressly po9t to a unity 9 relation to :i* ev5 traits to all appe>ance mo/ het]og5e\s conta91 not)/&+1 bo? a real s5se & significance4 7c7 ,?is unity1 :i* may be /yl$ ! subject ( ^! di/ract pr$icates1 is j ! simple preconception1 ! ^w t solves our riddle1 to discov] or div9e :i* f ! app>5tly confus$ m$ley ( ! mode "u :i* x is prop\nd$ is ! riddle's problem4 ,?us int]pret$ we may call ! riddle ! faceti\sness ( symbolism1 aw>e t x is su* :i* puts to ! pro( acut5ess ( insight & aptness at putt+ ?+s toge!r1 & f9ally1 by /imulat+ ! ze/ ( solution1 breaks into & de/roys ! v mode ( pres5tation x has itself set up4 ,9 ! ma9 we %all f9d ?is1 =m1 !re=e1 mo/ employ$ 9 human spee*1 ?\gh we may f9d exceptional examples ( x also 9 ! pla/ic arts#hi1 ar*itecture1 horticulture1 & pa9t+4 ,) reg>d to its hi/orical appe>ance ! ,ea/ is fir/ & =emo/ responsible1 & we may date its adv5t 9 t int]m$iate & transitional p]iod out ( ! m obtuse type ( symbolism into "o ( m intellig5t k & compreh5sion4 ,entire peoples & hi/orical epo*s h tak5 delight 9 ! solution ( su* problems4 ,x also plays an important "p 9 ! ,middle ,ages among ! ,arabs & ! ,sc&9avians1 & z a p>ticul> example x is mu* 9 evid5ce 9 ! m9/rel t\rneys on ! ,w>tburg4 ,9 mod]n times x is ma9ly "u ! m mode/ guise ( recreation & purely social pleasantry t we cross x4 ,9 ! riddle we h op5$ a practically limitless field = witty & /rik+ conceits1 :i* 9 _! ref]5ce to any giv5 circum/ance1 occurr5ce1 or object take ! =m ( a play ^u words or an epigrammatical s5t5ce4 ,on ! "o h& we h pres5t$ an object trite to a degree1 on ! o!r "s conceit ( ! m9d :i* emphasizes unexpect$ly ) conspicu\s =ce "s aspect or relation1 :i* we fail$ to p]ceive 9 t object on fir/ confront+ x1 & :i* n[ atta*es to x ! light ( a new significance4 #b4 ,,! ,,allegory ,! c\nt]p>t to ! riddle 9 ?is sph]e ( comp>ative art1 :]e ! po9t ( dep>ture is f ! g5]ality ( ! significance1 is ! allegory4 ,f a c]ta9 po9t ( view ?is =m1 no less ?an ! =m]1 endeav\rs to make m visible to u ! def9ite qualities ( a g5]al conception ?r\gh qualities 9 mat]ially concrete objects :i* are cognate !re)2 b 9 contra/ to t =m ?is is n done 9 ! int]e/ ( a p>tial concealm5t & a my/]i\s problem2 r x is n[ q ! o!r way ) ! express object ( absolute revealm5t2 to an ext5t1 9 fact1 t all :i* is ext]nal1 & is z su* utiliz$ by x1 mu/ become ?r\gh & ?r\gh transpicu\s ) ! significance :i* has to make its appe>ance !re94 7a7 ,x is !re=e 9 ! fir/ place conc]n$ to p]sonify ab/ract conditions ( a g5]al "* or simil> qualities bo? f ! human & ! natural _w1 su* z religion1 love1 ju/ice1 /rife1 fame1 w>1 peace1 ! seasons1 dea?1 & ! l1 & conceive !m "u ! mode ( p]sonality4 ,?is subjective aspect1 h[ev]1 is nei!r 9 respect to its cont5t nor its ext]nal =m 9 itself ei!r a real subject or individual1 b p]si/s z ! ab/raction ( a g5]al conception1 ^: cont5t is m]ely ! b>r5 =m ( subjectivity :i* may be call$ z truly a grammatical subject#ij4 ,9 o!r words an allegorical be+1 despite e attempt to clo! x 9 ! l9eam5ts ( humanity1 entirely falls %ort ( concrete individuality1 :e!r x be a ,greek god1 a sa9t1 or any o!r g5u9e example4 ,x is1 9 fact1 s =c$ to p>e away#ia f ! sub/ance ( subjectivity1 9 ord] to make x con=m ) ! ab/ract "* ( its significance1 t all ! true def9ition ( individuality disappe>s4 ,x is !re=e only a j criticism ( allegory to say t x is fro/y & cold1 &1 hav+ reg>d to ! ab/ract quality ( its significances1 ev5 9 ! po9t ( inv5tion1 t x is r ! result ( ! matt]-(-fact und]/&+ ?an t ( ! complete vision & emotional dep? ( g5u9e imag9ation4 ,poets1 su* z ,virgil1 = example1 are p>ticul>ly ready to give u examples ( allegorical individualization simply because !y are unable to create gods ( ! ,hom]ic type ( p]sonality4 7b7 ,secondly1 h[ev]1 ! significant "* ( allegorical mat]ial is at once def9$ 9 its ab/raction1 & only by means ( su* def9ition is x intelligible2 ! expression ( su* p>ticul> aspects1 = ! reason t x is n imm$iately unfold$ 9 t :i* is 9 ! fir/ in/ance a purely g5]aliz$ conception ( p]sonality1 is consequ5tly =c$ to appe> alongside ( ! subject1 simply z ! pr$icates :i* elucidate ! same4 ,?is sep>ation ( subject f pr$icate1 g5]ality f p>ticul>ity1 is ! second feature ( ! fro/like appe>ance ( ! allegory4 ,! envisagem5t ( ! det]m9ate & specific qualities is borr[$ f ! modes ( expression1 activity1 & resultant effects :i* make _! appe>ance 9 virtue ( ! significance1 :5 t secures its realiz$ =m 9 concrete exi/5ce1 or f ! v>i\s means :i* subs]ve x 9 its true realization4 ,= example1 w> is del9eat$ ?r\gh weapons1 cannons1 drums1 & /&>ds1 etc42 ! ye>ly seasons1 by an enum]ation ( ! fl[]s & fruits1 :i* pre-em95tly spr+ up "u ! fav\r+ influ5ce ( ! p>ticul> seasons4 ,objects ( ?is k9d may fur!r receive purely symbolical relations1 z1 = in/ance1 ,ju/ice may be br\ght home to our m9ds by means ( ! scales & fillet1 ,dea? by t ( ! h\r-glass & scy!4 ,= ! reason1 h[ev]1 t ! significance 9 allegory is ! dom9ant factor1 & ! m specializ$ pres5tm5t is subord9ate to x "u an equally ab/ract =m1 = x is1 aft] all1 itself m]ely an ab/raction1 ! embodim5t ( su* def9able *>act]i/ics only secures ! validity ( an attribute pure & simple4 7c7 ,9 ?is way ! allegory is "u bo? ^! aspects )\t vital w>m?4 ,its g5]al p]sonification is empty1 ! def9ite mode ( its ext]nalization is only a sign1 :i* tak5 indep5d5tly has no long] any mean+1 & ! c5trum1 :i* is ?us con/ra9$ to ga!r up ! v>iety ( ! attributes into a focus does n possess ! pot5cy ( a truly subjective unity :i* is itself self-embodi$ 9 its real & det]m9ate exi/5ce int]-relat$ ?r\gh\t1 b is r a purely ab/ract =m1 = :i* ! sub/antial fill+-up ) p>ticul> traits1 :i*1 z we h se51 nev] succe$ 9 ris+ above ! rank ( ! =mal attribute1 rema9s z some?+ ext]nal4 ,consequ5tly we may say t 9 s f> z ! allegory sets up any claim to real self-consi/5cy1 9 :i* x p]sonifies its ab/raction & _! del9eation1 x is n to be tak5 s]i\sly4 ,9 o!r words1 t :i* is bo? implicitly & explicitly self-sub/antive is unable really to con=m ) an allegorical be+4 ,! ,dik ( ! anci5ts1 = in/ance1 is n on all f\rs ) allegorical individualization4 ,%e is univ]sal ,necessity p]sonifi$1 et]nal ,ju/ice1 ! univ]sally pot5t subject1 ! absolute sub/antivity ( ! relations :i* co-ord9ate ,nature & spiritual ,life1 t is1 %e is ! absolute ,self-subsi/5t itself1 9 ! tra9 ( :om all o!r individuals are b\nd1 :e!r gods or m54 ,h]r ,fr$]ick von ,s*legel has1 x is true--we h already ref]r$ to ! fact--v5tur$ ! op9ion t e "w ( art mu/ ( necessity be an allegory4 ,su* an expression ( op9ion is only true if limit$ to ! s5se t e "w ( art mu/ conta9 a g5]al idea & a significance :i* is itself ess5tially true4 ,:at we h above1 on ! contr>y1 includ$ "u ! t]m allegory is a mode ( pres5tation :i* only con=ms to ! notion ( art incompletely1 be+ itself no less 9 cont5t ?an 9 =m subord9ate to x4 ,e human ev5t & developm5t1 e relation 9 :i* life is conc]n$1 possesses no d\bt intr9sically an aspect ( univ]sality1 :i* may be emphasiz$ z su*1 b ab/ractions ( ?is k9d are already to be f\nd 9 ! g5]al cont5ts ( consci\sness1 & m]ely to ass]t !m 9 _! prosaic aspect ( g5]ality & ext]nal del9eation1 :i* is ! po9t :]e ! allegory halts1 is /ill to fall %ort ( ! true sph]e ( art4 ,w9ckelmann has also writt5 an immature "w on allegory1 9 :i* he has rang$ toge!r a l>ge numb] ( examples1 b fail$ = ! mo/ "p to di/+ui% ^? :i* exemplify ! symbol & allegory respectively4 ,among ! p>ticul> arts )9 :i* we f9d examples ( ! allegory1 poetry is really act+ contr>y to its laws :5 x takes refuge 9 su* a mode ( pres5tm5t2 sculpture on ! contr>y is 9 mo/ directions b>ely complete )\t x1 m especially mod]n sculputure1 :i* freely admits ( t :i* is native to portraiture1 & s mu/ avail itself ( allegorical figures 9 ord] to del9eate m closely ! relative aspects "u :i* ! individual pres5tm5t is pos$4 ,on ,blu*]'s monum5t1 = example1 :i* has be5 rais$ to him "h 9 ,b]l91 we f9d bo? ! g5ius ( ,fame & ,victory1 al?\gh1 hav+ reg>d to ! g5]al treatm5t ( ! w> ( lib]ation1 ?is allegorical aspect is once m set aside by means ( a s]ies ( p>ticul> sc5es su* z ! dep>ture ( ! army1 its m>*1 & victori\s return4 ,g5]ally speak+1 h[ev]1 :]e ! subject ( sculpture is portraiture ! sculptor w avail himself gladly ( allegorical repres5tation z (f]+ to ! simplicity ( 8 c5tral figure ! contra/ ( environm5t & v>iety4 ,! anci5ts on ! o!r h&1 on _! s>cophagi = example1 m frequ5tly made use ( g5]al my?ological repres5tations ( su* figures z ,sleep1 ,dea?1 & ! l4 ,allegory g5]ally is f> less common 9 ! antique ?an x is 9 ! romantic art ( ! ,middle ,ages1 al?\gh x mu/ be add$ t su* romance z x possesses is n really ref]able to allegory4 ,! frequ5t appe>ance ( allegorical conception at ?is p>ticul> epo* ( human hi/ory is to be ?us expla9$4 ,f a c]ta9 po9t ( view we f9d t ! cont5t ( ! ,middle ,ages is preoccupi$ ) p>ticul> types ( individuality & ! p]sonal aims1 g5]ally focuss$ 9 love & hon\r1 & result+ 9 v[s1 w&]+s1 & adv5tures1 :i* are common to !m4 ,individuals ( ?is type & ! ev5ts ( su* lives inv>iably (f] ! imag9ation a wide scope = ! inv5tive faculties1 & ! composition ( accid5tal & caprici\sly imag9$ collisions & _! resolution4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 direct contra/ to ?is motley %[ ( worldly adv5ture we h ! univ]sal1 tak+ x "h z ! /ability ( ! ord9>y relations & conditions ( life1 a univ]sal :i* is n1 z 0 ! case 9 ! anci5t _w1 individualiz$ 9 ! figures ( self-subsi/5t gods2 consequ5tly we f9d x freely & naturally emphasiz$ 9 indep5d5t isolation z su* univ]sality alongside ( ^! p>ticul> types ( p]sonality & _! specific modes ( appe>ance & activity4 ,if ! arti/ !re=e happ5s to h be=e 8 m9d ! g5]al conditions ( life we h adv]t$ to1 & assum+ t he is desir\s ( giv+ arti/ic embodim5t to !m 9 "s =m o!r ?an ! accid5tal mode common to 8 age1 t he wi%es1 9 %ort1 to emphasize _! univ]sality1 he has no o!r alt]native ?an to accept ! allegorical type ( pres5tm5t4 ,?is is precisely :at we f9d 9 ! sph]e ( religion4 ,! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,*ri/1 ! actions & dramatic ev5ts ( apo/olic hi/ory1 ! sa9ts ) _! p5ances & m>tyrdoms1 are1 x is true1 ev5 "h individualities 9 ! full s5se2 b ,*ri/5dom is also to an equal ext5t conc]n$ ) ! g5]al conceptions ( ab/ract spiritual qualities1 su* z w n comply ) ! concrete def9ition ( actual p]sons inasmu* z ! relation ( univ]sality is precisely ! mode "u :i* !y are pres5t$1 ( :i* examples are ,love1 ,fai?1 & ,hope4 ,& g5]ally ! tru?s & dogmas ( ,*ri/5dom are indep5d5tly cogniz$ by ! religi\s consci\sness1 & a ma9 int]e/ ev5 ( _! poetry consi/s 9 ?is t ^! doctr9es are emphasiz$ 9 _! univ]sal aspect1 t ,tru? is kn[n & believ$ 9 z univ]sal tru?4 ,9 t case1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y t ! concrete pres5tation %\ld rema9 a subord9ate factor1 itself ext]nal to ! cont5t1 & allegory is j ! =m :i* satisfies ?is want 9 ! easie/ & mo/ suffici5t way4 ,con=mably to ?is ! div9e com$y ( ,dante is full ( allegorical matt]4 ,!ology1 = example1 9 ?is poem is run toge!r 9 fusion ) ! image ( 8 belov$ lady ,beatrice4 ,?is p]sonification1 h[ev]1 wav]s 9 ! l9es ( its del9eation2 & ?is unc]ta9ty ( outl9e is t :i* con/itutes ! beauty ( x1 & places x halfway betwe5 g5u9e allegory & a vision ( 8 y\?ful love4 ,9 ! n9? ye> ( 8 life he look$ on h] = ! fir/ "t3 %e appe>$ to him no daught] ( mortal m51 b ( ,god4 ,8 fi]y ,italian nature conceiv$ a passion = h]1 :i* ! ye>s fail$ to ext+ui%4 ,& consci\s t x 0 %e :o awoke 9 him ! g5ius ( poetry he f9ally sets himself ! task1 aft] he _h lo/ 9 h] t :i* 0 mo/ lov$ 9 ! faire/ fl[] ( its promise1 ( compos+ t wond]ful monum5t ( ! mo/ intimate & p]sonal religion ( 8 he>t 9 ! poetic ma/]piece ( 8 life4 #c4 ,,metaphor1 ,,image1 ,,simile ,! ?ird sph]e ( cont5t atta*$ to ! riddle & ! allegory consi/s 9 ! imag$ ?+ g5]ally4 ,! riddle veil$ ! /ill indep5d5tly cogniz$ significance & ! mode ( its %ap+ 9 cognate1 albeit het]og5e\s & di/antly plac$ traits ( def9ition 0 /ill ( mo/ importance4 ,allegory on ! contr>y emphasiz$ ! p]spicuity ( ! significance s /rongly z ! pr$om9ant aim1 t ! p]sonification & its attributes appe> depos$ to ! rank ( m]e signs4 ,! imag$ ?+ n[ connects ?is cl>ity ( allegorical expression ) t impulse ( ! riddle to envisage ! significance :i* /&s out cle>ly be=e ! m9d 9 ! =m ( an ext]nality cognate ) x2 ! result1 h[ev]1 is n t x gives rise to problems :i* h fir/ ( all to be solv$1 b r t ! imag$ %ape appe>s1 by means ( :i* ! preconceiv$ conception is reveal$ ) absolute transp>5cy1 notify+ itself z t :i* x really is4 7a7 ,! ,metaphor ,! fir/ po9t we h to draw att5tion to 9 ! metaphor is ?is1 t x may be accept$ at once z ess5tially a simile1 9 s f> z x expresses cle> & self-subsi/5t significance 9 a simil> ph5om5on ( reality comp>able ) x4 ,9 ! comp>ison z su*1 h[ev]1 bo? sides ( ! comp>ison1 t is ! real mean+ & ! image1 are def9itely kept ap>t f ea* o!r1 :ile on ! contr>y 9 ! metaphor ?is sep>ation1 albeit x is ess5tially pres5t1 is n z yet cle>ly posit$4 ,= ?is reason ,ari/otle long ago di/+ui%$ comp>ison & metaphor by 8 /atem5t t a h[ is add$ to ! =m] :i* is abs5t f ! latt]4 ,9 o!r words ! metaphorical expression specifies b "o aspect1 ! image4 ,9 ! context1 h[ev]1 to :i* ! image is atta*$1 ! real significance :i* is int5d$ lies s ne> t x is at ! same "t imm$iately ass]t$ )\t any direct sep>ation ( x f ! image4 ,:5 x is said1 = example3 ! ,spr+-"t ( ^! *eeks1 or a sea ( te>s1 we are inevitably =c$ to accept su* an expression z an image r ?an an actual fact1 an image ^: significance ! context at ! same "t expressly designates4 ,9 ! symbol & allegory ! relation ( actual mean+ to ext]nal =m is n ass]t$ ei!r s imm$iately or necess>ily4 ,f ! fact t an ,egyptian /aircase consi/s ( n9e /ages1 & a hundr$ o!r circum/ances ( simil> pregnancy1 x is only ! adept1 ! connoisseur1 & ! pr(essor :o w d]ive a symbolical significance1 & d\btless w sc5t out & discov] mu* t is bo? my/ical & symbolical into ! b>ga91 :i* is s mu* +5uity ( rese>* ?r[n away = ! reason t :at is discov]$ is n !re4 ,?is may h happ5$ (t5 en\gh to my hon\r$ fri5d ,creutz]1 no less ?an our latt]-day ,platoni/s & ! comm5tators ( ,dante4 7a7 ,9 range & v>iety ( =m x is impossible to exhau/ ! res\rces ( metaphor2 its def9ition1 h[ev]1 is simple4 ,x is a :olly abbreviat$ comp>ison1 9 :i* we f9d1 z a fact1 image & significance are n z yet set 9 opposition to "o ano!r1 b only ! image is introduc$ by x2 at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ! mean+ :i* is ?us atta*$ to ! image is n its real mean+2 ?is is z x 7 effac$1 & by virtue ( ! cont5t 9 :i* x is set we are enabl$ to recognize ! significance :i* is really int5d$ 9 ! image itself1 albeit t mean+ is n expressly ass]t$4 ,= ! reason1 h[ev]1 t ! mean+ t is ?us r5d]$ intelligible "u ! image only comes to light by virtue ( ! context1 ! significance :i* is express$ 9 metaphor _c claim ! importance ( an indep5d5t arti/ic pres5tation2 _! mode ( appe>ance is purely incid5tal1 s t metaphors1 9 a /ill m emphatic degree1 c only be employ$ z ! ext]nal embelli%m5t ( an ess5tially indep5d5t "w ( art4 77 ,! metaphor is ma9ly us$ 9 ! expressions ( spee*1 :i* we may usefully consid] 9 ?is relation "u ! foll[+ aspects4 77 ,9 ! fir/ place e language includes )9 its own compass a ho/ ( metaphors4 ,!y arise f ! fact t a ^w1 :i* 9 ! fir/ in/ance m]ely designates some?+ entirely s5su\s1 is c>ri$ ov] into a spiritual sph]e4 ,grasp1 compreh5d#ib1 & g5]ally a numb] ( words connect$ ) ! processes ( ?\ght1 h 9 reg>d to _! orig9al mean+ a cont5t t is :olly s5su\s1 :i* is consequ5tly ab&on$ & ex*ang$ = ! mean+ applicable to m9d2 ! fir/ mean+ is s5su\s1 ! second spiritual4 77 ,by degrees1 h[ev]1 ! metaphorical aspect disappe>s 9 ! g5]al use ( su* a ^w1 :i* z ! curr5t co9 ( language is conv]t$ f an expression :i* is n /rictly accurate to "o t is s1 ! effect ( ?is process be+ t image & import1 ow+ to ! habitual frequ5cy ) :i* ! latt] is only conceiv$ 9 ! =m]1 cease to diff] f "o ano!r1 & ! image m]ely imm$iately pres5ts ! ab/ract significance itself in/ead ( a concrete mode ( vision#ic4 ,:5 we take1 = example1 ! ^w grasp 9 ! s5se applicable to m5tal life x entirely escapes u t !re is any s5su\s relation impli$ betwe5 ! h& & ext]nal objects#id4 ,9 liv+ languages ?is di/9ction betwe5 g5u9e metaphor & words :i* already ?r\gh usage h fall5 to ! level ( a m]e means ( expression is readily e/abli%$2 ! rev]se is ! case ) dead languages1 = ! reason t "h m]e etymology is unable f9ally to br+ our m9ds to a decision1 inasmu* & 9 s f> z ! "q does n dep5d on ! orig9al s\rce ( t ^w1 & its g5]al developm5t 9 spee*1 b fir/ & =emo/ on ! fact :e!r a ^w :i* has all ! appe>ance ( be+ us$ 9 a picturesque & metaphorical s5se _h or _h n already lo/ by habitual usage "u a mean+ apply+ exclusively to _s1 & 9 ! spee* :5 alive1 its fir/ s5su\s significance & be5 absorb$ :olly 9 t high] s5se4 77 ,:5 ?is takes place ! inv5tion ( new metaphors1 :i* are ! exclusive product ( ! poetical imag9ation becomes = ! fir/ "t a vital necessity4 ,t 9 :i* ?is inv5tion is ma9ly conc]n$ consi/s fir/ 9 transf]r+ ! ph5om5a1 activities1 & conditions ( a high] level ( fact 9 a way t illu/rates ! cont5t ( less important mat]ial1 & 9 br++ to light significances ( su* inf]ior matt] 9 ! =m & image :i* /&s above !m4 ,! organic1 = example1 is by itself ess5tially ( high] importance ?an ! inorganic1 & to c>ry =w>d t :i* has no life )91 ! range ( vital ph5om5al enhances its expression4 ,we may illu/rate ?is ) ! say+ ( ,f]dusi3 ,! ke5ness ( my sword dev\rs ! bra9 ( ! lion1 & dr9ks ! d>k blood ( ! c\rage\s4 ,9 a yet m enhanc$ degree we f9d ! same result :5 t :i* is ( ,nature & s5su\s is imag$1 & !reby rais$ & ennobl$ 9 ! =m ( spiritual ph5om5a4 ,s we h su* common turns ( spee* z smil+ fields1 & angry flood1 or 9 ! language ( ,cald]on3 ,! waves sigh b5ea? ! burd5 ( %ips4 ,9 ^! examples t :i* exclusively applies to humanity is div]t$ to ! expression ( ,nature4 ,! ,lat9 poets use su* metaphorical language (t5 en\gh1 z we may f9d 9 our ,virgil1 take ! example3 ,quum gravit] tunsis gemit area frugibus 7,georg41 ,,iii1 #acb74 ,conv]sely & 9 ! second place t :i* p]ta9s to m9d is br\ght 9 ! same way m close to our p[]s ( vision ?r\gh ! image ( natural objects4 ,su* fanciful pres5tations1 h[ev]1 c v readily deg5]ate into m]e trifl+ & f>-fet*$ conceits1 :5 t :i* is ess5tially )\t life receives not)/&+ e appe>ance ( individuality1 & really spiritual activities are assign$ to x ) p]fect s]i\sness4 ,! ,italians m especially h giv5 !mselves ov] to illusive trick]y ( ?is k9d1 & ev5 ,%akespe>e is n :olly free f !m1 z 9 t passage f ,ri*>d ,,ii 7,act ,v1 sc4 ,i71 :]e he makes ! ,k+ say to ! ,que5 on p>t+3 _/ ,= :y1 ! s5seless br&s w sympa?ize ,! heavy acc5t ( ?y mov+ tongue ,& 9 compassion weep ! fire out2 ,& "s w m\rn 9 a%es1 "s coal-black ,= ! depos+ ( a rightful k+4 _/ 77 ,f9ally1 if we look at ! aim & int]e/ ( t :i* is metaphorical1 ! fir/ ?+ :i* /rikes u is t a ^w 9 ! /rict s5se is an indep5d5tly intelligible expression1 ! metaphor o!rwise4 ,! "q consequ5tly pres5ts itself1 :at is ! reason ( ?is tw(old means ( expression1 or1 to put x ano!r way1 :y is x t we h ! metaphorical :i* ess5tially implies ?is division8 ,! common explanation is t metaphors are us$ to give vivacity to poetical composition1 & ?is animat+ effect is ! gr\nd 9 virtue ( :i* ,heyne1 9 p>ticul>1 insi/s on _! value4 ,! vivacity consi/s 9 ! support !y (f] to imag9ative vision 9 ! direction ( cle> def9ition1 dive/+ ! ^w1 :i* is always some?+ g5]aliz$1 ( its purely indef9ite "*1 & br++ x home to s5se by means ( an image4 ,no d\bt a great] degree ( vivacity is to be f\nd 9 metaphors ?an 9 ! /rict expressions ( ord9>y spee*2 g5u9e vitality1 h[ev]1 is n to be s\ght = 9 metaphors1 :e!r 9 isolation or comb9ation1 ^: figurative pla/icity1 x is true1 may frequ5tly include a relation1 :i* by good *ance atta*es at ! same "t to ! expression an increas$ p]spicuity & a high] def9ition1 b q z (t51 if e detail ( ! process ( ?\ght is ?us figuratively emphasiz$ 9 isolation1 makes ! :ole unwieldy1 ov]load+ x ?us ) its emphasis on s+ul> aspects4 ,! g5ius ( metaphorical diction is consequ5tly1 z we %all h to elucidate m closely 9 our consid]ation ( simile1 to be reg>d$ z respond+ to a ne$ & pot5cy ( m9d & ! emotional life1 :i* w n re/ satisfi$ ) t :i* is entirely simple1 ord9>y1 & homely1 b make an ef=t beyond ?is & ov] into some?+ m recondite "u ! attraction :i* di/9ction (f]s & ! impulse to co-ord9ate contra/$ effects4 ,?is b9d+ toge!r has itself aga9 v>i\s causes1 :i* may be notifi$ z foll[s4 77 ,fir/1 we h x = ! sake ( re9=c+ an effect4 ,! emotional life1 "u ! pressure & movem5t ( its passions1 gives visible utt]ance to ^! =ces by means ( ! pil+ up ( s5su\s image4 ,m ?an ?is1 x /rives to express its own :irl & tumble1 or p]si/5ce 9 ! ideas :i* cr[d ^u x by means ( a simil> lett+ itself g into ph5om5a cognate ) su* a condition1 & its own free movem5t among images ( ! greate/ v>iety4 ,9 ,cald]on's supplication to ! ,cross ,julia utt]s ! foll[+ words :5 %e looks ^u ! dead body ( h] only j deceas$ bro!r1 & h] lov]1 ,eusebio1 ! man :o has kill$ ,lis>do1 /&s be=e h]3 _/ ,o t ,i might close = ev] ,eyes be=e ?is blood "h guiltless1 ,blood :i* cries = v5geance ) its ,flood+ /ream ( purple fl[]s6 ,w\ld t ,i c\ld deem !e p>don$ ,9 ! ru% ( te>s t bl9d !e3 ,w\nds & eyes are m\?s :i* swall[ ,lies :i* seek admittance nev]1 etc4 _/ ,) a /ill m vehem5t bur/ ( passion ,eusebio />ts back f ! sight ( h]1 :5 ,julia f9ally is = surr5d]+ h]self to him1 z he exclaims3 _/ ,flam+ sp>ks ?9e eyeballs scatt]2 ,e sigh is brea? t scor*es2 ,e ^w is a volcano1 ,e hair a scribbl$ lightn+1 ,e ^w is ,dea?1 & e ,s(t c>ess is ,hell's own angui%2 ,su* ! horror /irs )9 me ,z ,i see--,o awful symbol1 ,crucifix ?y bosom c>ries4 _/ ,! human s\l on ! swell ( its emotion keeps add+ image on image to t imm$iately confront+ x1 & ) all ?is impetu\s seek+ to & fro = new means ( expression b>ely lays to re/ its own tumult4 77 ,a second rationale ( ! metaphorical consi/s 9 ?is t ! human s\l1 aft] add+ to its own dep? by ?is ! motion ( its own life into ! v>i$ survey ( objects cognate ) x1 is /irr$ at ! same "t to ca/ itself free ( ! ext]nality ( su* objects1 to ! ext5t t x seeks to r$iscov] itself 9 :at is ext]nal2 x transmutes t ext]nal 9 its own free activity1 & by clo?+ bo? itself & its passions 9 ! =ms ( beauty1 proclaims fur!rmore its p[] to pres5t 9 visible semblance its own exaltation above ! b>e fact4 77 ,a ?ird gr\nd ( figurative expression1 & "o ( at lea/ equal =ce1 may be f\nd 9 ! purely ribald exub]ance ( ! phantasy1 :i* is unable to set be=e u an object 9 its own outl9es = :at !y are wor?1 or a significance 9 its unadorn$ simplicity1 b on all occasions hank]s aft] "s concrete embodim5t cognate ) x1 or is ov]ma/]$ by ! +5uity ( a p]sonal caprice1 :i*1 9 ord] to escape ! commonplace1 ab&ons itself to ! *>ms ( ! piquant novelty1 a caprice t is nev] satisfi$ until x has discov]$ = u po9ts ( aff9ity 9 mat]ial ! mo/ remote app>5tly f t be=e u1 & has !reby relat$ ! same to ! mo/ di/ant objects4 ,& we may "h obs]ve t x is n s mu* ! prosaic & poetic /yle g5]ally z ! /yle ( ! classic _w 9 contra/ ) t ( lat] p]iods :i* pres5ts su* a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! pre-em95t importance !y atta* to g5u9e or metaphorical expression respectively4 ,x is n m]ely ! ,greek philosoph]s1 su* z ,plato & ,ari/otle1 or ! great hi/orians & orators1 su* z ,?ucydides & ,demo/h5es1 b also ! great poets1 ,hom] & ,sophocles1 :o1 albeit we f9d examples ( ! simile 9 all !m1 rema9 on ! :ole1 & )\t exception1 con/ant 9 ! use ( _! direct =m ( expression#ie4 ,_! pla/ic sev]ity & /]l+ sub/ance w n p]mit !m su* a multif>i\s product1 z is b\nd up ) ! use ( metaphor1 nor w x suff] !m1 ev5 = ! sake ( ga!r+ ! s-call$ fl[]s ( expression1 to wav] fitfully 9 devi\s ways f _! ideal m9tage ( ! completely simple & co-ord9ate result z ( "o metal ca/ 9 "o m\ld4 ,! metaphor1 9 fact1 is always an int]ruption to ! logical c\rse ( conception & inv>iably to t ext5t a di/raction1 because x />ts images & br+s !m toge!r1 :i* are n imm$iately connect$ ) ! subject & its significance1 & = ?is reason t5d to a l ext5t to div]t ! att5tion f ! same to matt] cognate ) !mselves1 b /range to bo?4 ,! prose ( anci5t writ]s 9 ! extraord9>y cl>ity & flexibility ( its utt]ance & _! poetry 9 ! repose ( its completely unfold$ cont5t#if1 are equally remov$ f ! frequ5t use ( metaphor by mod]n writ]s4 ,on ! o!r h& x is p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,ea/1 & above all ! lat] lit]ature ( ,mohamm$an poetry1 :i* makes use ( ! indirect or figurative modes ( expression1 &1 inde$1 f9ds !m ess5tial4 ,! same ?+ may be said1 if less emphatically1 ( mod]n ,european lit]ature4 ,! diction ( ,%akespe>e1 = in/ance1 is full ( metaphor4 ,! ,spani>ds1 too1 are v fond ( ?is fl[]y region1 &1 inde$1 h w&]$ (f into x to ! po9t ( ! mo/ ta/eless exagg]ation & sup]fluity4 ,jean ,paul falls "u ! same *>ge4 ,goe! by virtue ( ! equal /r5g? & cl>ity ( 8 vision to a less ext5t4 ,s*ill]1 h[ev]1 is ev5 9 8 prose exce$+ly ri* bo? 9 image & metaphor2 9 8 case ?is is r due to 8 ef=t to br+ really pr(\nd ideas )9 ! range ( ! imag9ative vision )\t be+ =c$ to exp\nd all !y imply = ! m9d 9 ! te*nical language ( philosophy4 ,we behold & f9d !re ! ess5tial unity ( ! speculative reason reflect$ on ! mirror ( ,life z x /&s be=e u4 7b7 ,! ,image ,we may place ! image midway betwe5 ! metaphor & ! simile4 ,x has1 9 fact1 s close an aff9ity ) ! metaphor t we may reg>d x z m]ely a metaphor fully amplifi$#ig1 an aspect :i* at ! same "t m>ks its v close resemblance to ! simile2 !re is1 h[ev]1 ?is di/9ction1 t 9 ! case ( ! image z su* ! significance is n set =? 9 its indep5d5t opposition to ! concrete ext]nal object expressly comp>$ ) x4 ,t :i* we t]m ! image arises :5 two ph5om5a or conditions1 :i* by !mselves /& sub/antially ap>t1 are plac$ 9 concurr5ce s t "o condition supplies ! significance :i* is made intelligible by means ( ! o!r4 ,! fir/1 t is to say1 ! fundam5tal modus ( ! def9ition con/itutes "h ! relation ( indep5d5t consi/5cy#ih1 & is ! l9e ( division ( ! sph]es 9 _! sep>ation1 f :i* bo? ! significance & its image are d$uc$2 & t :i* is common to !m1 ! qualities & relations & s =?1 are n1 z 9 ! symbol1 ! indef9ite univ]sal & sub/antive itself1 b ! self-def9$ concrete exi/5ce on ! "o side no less ?an on ! o!r#ii4 7a7 ,"u a relation su* z ?is ! image may possess z its significance a :ole s]ies ( conditions1 activities1 contra/s1 & modes ( exi/5ce1 & manife/ ! same ?r\gh a s]ies ( a simil> nature f an indep5d5t if cognate s\rce1 )\t emphasiz+ 9 s _m words ! significance z su* )9 ! limits ( ! image4 ,! poem ( ,goe!1 entitl$ ,! ,song ( ,mahomet1 is ( ?is k9d4 ,x is m]ely ! title "h :i* %[s u t 9 ! image ( a rocky wat]-spr+ :i*1 9 ! fre%ness ( y\?1 leaps ov] ! cliff's edge into ! abyss1 & :i* !n spreads away ) ! ru% ( tribut>y spr+s d[n ! pla91 ev] & anon tak+ up frat]nal riv]s1 :i* gives fur!r a "n to localities1 & sees :ole t[ns subject to its glory1 until x f9ally be>s 9 ! tumultu\s folds ( its raptur\s he>t all ^! spl5d\rs1 ! bro!rs1 its possessions1 its *ildr51 to ! great s\rce t awaits !m--x is1 we repeat1 m]ely ! title :i* expla9s to u t 9 ?is compreh5sive & radiant image ( a mighty riv] we h ! fir/ bold appe>ance ( ,mahomet1 !n ! rapid spread ( 8 tea*+1 &1 f9ally1 ! delib]ately plann$ attempt to br+ all nations to ! "o fai? set =? ) su* s+ul> directness4 ,we may view 9 a simil> way _m ( ! ,x5i5 ( ,goe! & ,s*ill]1 ^? s5t5ces edg$ 9 "p ) scorn1 b z (t5 ! m]e vehicle ( good spirits1 :i* 7 flung at ! public & its weak au?ors 9 p>ticul>4 ,take ! pair ( di/i*es :i* foll[1 z an example3 _/ ,/ille knetet5 wir ,salpet]1 ,kohl5 und ,sewefel1 ,bohrt5 ,rhr51 gefall' nun au* das ,feu] "w eu*6 ,e9ige /eig5 als leu*t5de kugeln und &]e znd51 ,man*e au* w]f5 wir nur spiel5d das ,aug' zu erfreun#ajj4 _/ ,ay1 we h 9 tru? se5 n a few rockets ( ?is ord] *ang$ to dull a%1 to ! exce$+ ent]ta9m5t ( ! bett] half ( public op9ion1 only too delight$ :5 ! rabble ( commonplace & mis]able quality1 :i* _h = a long "t spreadeagl$ x f> & wide & laid d[n ! law1 receiv$ a g5u9e smack 9 ! m\? & a bucket ( cold wat] ov] its preci\s body into ! b>ga94 77 ,9 ^! la/ examples !re is1 h[ev]1 already a second aspect br\ght to view1 :i* 9 our consid]ation ( ! image %\ld be emphasiz$4 ,9 o!r words ! cont5t is 9 ^! cases an individual :i* acts1 br+s be=e u objects1 exp]i5ces specific /ates1 etc41 & !n is reflect$ 9 ! image n z su* a subject1 b m]ely ) a ref]5ce to 8 p>ticul> actions1 work+s1 & exp]i5ces4 ,! individual himself z subject is1 on ! contr>y1 introduc$ )\t an image1 & x is only 8 actions & relations /rictly view$ :i* conta9 ! =m ( indirect expression4 ,"h1 too1 z 9 ! case ( ! image g5]ally1 x is n ! entire significance :i* is sep>at$ f its mode ( embodim5t1 b ! subject is alone set =? indep5d5tly1 :ile ! def9ite cont5t ( t subject receives at ! same "t ! =m ( an image2 & ! result is t ! subject is imag9$ 9 su* a way z ?\gh x 0 itself ! means :i* suppli$ ! imag$ =m ( _! exi/5ce to ! objects & actions 9 "q4 ,! metaphorical relation is1 9 fact1 ascrib$ to ! individual subject expressly nam$4 ,?is confusion1 or at lea/ int]fusion ( ! direct & indirect modes ( expression has frequ5tly be5 ! subject ( adv]se criticism1 b we d n f9d v solid gr\nd to support x#aja4 77 ,ori5tals are to an extraord9>y degree di/+ui%$ by ! bold use !y make ( ?is type ( imag]y4 ,!y w unite toge!r & int]tw9e 9 "o image entirely indep5d5t =ms ( exi/5ce4 ,take = example ?is s5t5ce ( ,hafiz3 ,! life-c\rse ( ! _w is a blood/a9$ dagg]1 & ! drops :i* fall !refrom are cr[ns4 ,or t o!r3 ,! sword ( ! sun drips 9 ! r$ ( morn+ ) ! blood ( ,night1 ov] :i* x has won ! victory4 ,or aga9 ?is3 ,no "o has yet drawn aside ! veil f ! *eeks ( ?\ght z ,hafis s9ce ! day :5 ! tips ( ! locks ( ! ,^w's bride 7 curl$4 ,! mean+ ( ?is image may be app>5tly ?us exp&$4 ,?\ght is ! bride ( ! ^w2 s ,klop/ock calls ! ^w ! tw9-bro!r ( ,?\ght1 & s9ce ?is bride has be5 adorn$ by man ) delicately turn$ words1 no "o is likely to be m compet5t ?an ,hafis to suff] ! ?\ght ?us adorn$ to appe> 9 ! cl>ity ( its unveil$ beauty4 7c7 ,! ,simile ,f ?is la/ type ( imag]y we may proce$ )\t a break to ! consid]ation ( simile4 ,= 9 ! image we already f9d ! initial appe>ance ( ! indep5d5t & imageless expression ( ?is significance1 ! subject ( ! image be+ "h designat$4 ,! two types are1 h[ev]1 di/+ui%$ by ?is t 9 ! simile ev]y?+ :i* exclusively manife/s ! image 9 a figurative =m is fur!rmore able to receive an indep5d5tly subsi/5t mode ( expression z significance1 :i* !reby appe>s alongside ( its image & is plac$ 9 comp>ison ) ! same4 ,! metaphor & image decl>e ! significances )\t mak+ t decl>ation explicit1 s t x is only ! context1 9 :i* ei!r metaphor or image occur1 :i* %[s )\t disguise :at _! mean+ v]itably is int5d$ to be4 ,9 ! simile1 on ! contr>y1 bo? aspects1 image & significance1 albeit no d\bt we f9d at "o "t x is ! image1 & at ano!r ! significance :i* is mo/ cle>ly & fully emphasiz$1 are kept completely ap>t & set =? ea* 9 its isolation1 & only !n1 & 9 su* sev]ation are relat$ to "o ano!r 9 virtue ( ! simil>ity ( _! cont5t4 ,view$ 9 ?is relation x is possible to *>act]ize ! simile z to "s ext5t m]ely a va9 repetition1 9 s f>1 t is1 z "o & ! same cont5t is reproduc$ 9 a tw(old1 or x may be ?reefold or f\rfold =m4 ,9 "p1 too1 we may ev5 see 9 x a frequ5tly we>isome sup]fluity1 = ! reason t ! significance is already !re z an indep5d5t factor1 & requires no fur!r mode ( figuration to r5d] x intelligible4 ,! "q consequ5tly presses ^u u "h ) ev5 m insi/5ce ?an 9 ! case ( ! image & metaphor1 :at ess5tial int]e/ & object !re may be 9 ! employm5t ( isolat$ examples or a :ole numb] ( similes4 ,= _! use is n to be ju/ifi$ on ! commonly receiv$ gr\nd ( m]e vivacity1 & ! cont5tion t !y increase ! lucidity ( expression w assi/ u j z little4 ,on ! contr>y similes make a poem only too frequ5tly insipid & ov]weight$1 & an image or metaphor by itself c possess a cl>ity fully z pron\nc$ )\t !re be+ any previ\s necessity to atta* ! significance to ei!r z some?+ /ill outside4 ,we mu/ consequ5tly conceive ! object ( ! simile to consi/ 9 ?is1 t ! subjective#ajb imag9ation ( ! poet1 h[ev] mu* x has br\ght home to ! arti/'s consci\sness ! cont5t1 :i* x seeks to express1 ) di/9ctive emphasis accord+ to its m ab/ract g5]ality & expresses x 9 ?is univ]sal aspect1 yet x f9ds itself equally "u a con/ra9t to seek out a concrete =m = x1 & to envisualize = itself 9 ! ph5om5a ( s5se t :i* already is cle>ly be=e ! m9d z its significance4 ,look$ at 9 ?is way we %all f9d t ! simile is1 no less ?an ! image & ! metaphor1 indicative ( ! brav]y :i* inv>iably di/+ui%es imag9ative p[] :5 x faces its object1 x matt]s n :at1 x may be a s+le object ( s5se-p]ception1 a def9ite condition1 or a g5]al significance--! ent]prise1 t is1 to b9d toge!r ) its own activity t :i* lies remote f x 9 its ext]nal environm5t1 & by s do+ to c>ry away by =ce objects ( ! greate/ v>iety1 & unite !m to ! int]e/ :i* its unifi$ cont5t possesses1 & g5]ally to annex to ! matt] 9 h& a :ole _w ( div]sifi$ ph5om5a4 ,& ?is p[] ( ! imag9ation cont9ually to f9d out ! new pla/ic %ape1 & cem5t toge!r het]og5e\s mat]ial by means ( ! relations & associations ( s5se is1 9 g5]al t]ms1 also ! rational basis ( ! simile4 77 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 ?is impulse to comp>e c f9d satisfaction simply by virtue ( ! dem& :i* x satisfies1 )\t br++ to light1 t is to say1 any?+ else 9 ! brilliancy ( its images ?an ! brav]y ( ! imag9ation itself4 ,& ?is is b ! same ?+ z t revelry#ajc ( imag9ative p[]1 :i*1 m p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,ea/1 ) all ! easy-go+ tranquillity ( ! ,s\? regales itself 9 ! weal? & spl5d\r ( its images nor seeks any o!r object1 :ile x s$uces ! he>] to give himself up to ! same _s4 ,at ! same "t we are frequ5tly a/\nd$ by ! amaz+ =ce1 ) :i* ! poet surr5d]s himself to ideas ( ! mo/ />tl+ contra/s1 & displays a cunn+ ( comb9ation :i* f> exce$s all ! ef=t ( m]e witt9ess z an indication ( g5ius4 ,cald]on1 too1 supplies u ) _m comp>isons ( ?is type1 m p>ticul>ly 9 8 pictures ( important & spl5did pageants & fe/ive processions1 9 8 descriptions ( *>g]s & cavali]s1 or 9 8 ref]5ce to %ips1 :i* on "o occasion he calls birds )\t p9ions1 & fi% )\t f9s4 77 ,a second & m intimate aspect ( ^! comp>isons is t 9 virtue ( :i* we f9d !m to be a t>ry+ by "o & ! same object1 :i* becomes !reby ! sub/antial c5tre ( a s]ies ( o!r ideas remote f x1 by po9t+ to or illum9at+ :i* ! int]e/ ( ! cont5t comp>$ receives a tangible increase4 ,?is protraction ( ! int]e/ r\nd "o c5tre may be expla9$ 9 sev]al ways4 77 ,z ! fir/ we may draw att5tion to ! absorption ( ! s\l 9 ! cont5t1 :i* is ! s\rce ( its animation1 & :i* atta*es itself s intimately to x1 t x is unable to deta* itself f ! p]man5t int]e/ ?us excit$4 ,we may at ! same "t obs]ve t a fundam5tal diff]5ce once m ass]ts itself 9 ?is respect betwe5 ! poetry ( ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ resembl+ t we h already adv]t$ to our discussion ( ,pan!ism4 ,9 o!r words ! ,ori5tal is 9 8 absorption less dom9at$ by ! p]sonal relation1 & consequ5tly )\t ! langui% & ye>n+ ( self-int]e/3 8 long+1 su* z x is1 rema9s a m imp]sonal delight 9 ! object "u comp>ison1 & consequ5tly m ( a contemplation4 ,he looks ab\t him ) a free m9d1 sees 9 ev]y?+ :i* surr\nds him1 ev]y?+ :i* /irs ei!r 8 m5tal faculties or 8 he>t1 an exi/+ image ( t :i* actively conc]ns 8 s5se-life & 8 spiritual =ces1 & ) :i* he ab\nds4 ,?is type ( ! imag9ation :i* is free f all m]e self-obsession1 deliv]$1 ,i mean1 f all morbid introspection discov]s its satisfaction 9 ! figurative conception ( ! object itself1 & mo/ ( all :5 t object1 by virtue ( ! comp>ison in/itut$1 is extoll$1 exalt$1 & decl>$ 9 l9e ) t :i* is mo/ glori\s & beautiful4 ,! ,we/ is 9 its g5]al contra/ m remote f ?is imp]sonal _s1 & 9 its grief & pa9 m incl9$ to langui% & ye>n itself away4 ,?is dally+1 z we may call x1 is !n pre-em95tly an int]e/ ( ! emotional life1 m p>ticul>ly ( love1 :i* delights to take refuge 9 ! objects ( its suff]+ & its raptures2 & z (t5 z x f9ds itself unable to break loose f su* feel+s f9ds naught t is we>isome 9 ! task ( repa9t+ ! object ev] anew4 ,! lov] is above all ?+s ! prodigal 9 wi%es1 hopes1 & ev] *ang+ conceits4 ,among su* conceits we h to reckon ! simile1 to :i* love & ! emotions g5]ally h rec\rse1 all ! m readily = ! reason t !y take up & absorb ! entire s\l1 & are !mselves ! indep5d5tly motive s\rce ( comp>ison4 ,:atev] is _! imm$iate cont5t1 is1 t is to say1 a beautiful object arre/$ 9 its s+ul>ity1 :e!r x be ! m\?1 ! eye1 or ! hair ( ! belov$4 ,9 su* a /ate ! human s\l is active1 re/less1 & ! /ates ( joy & pa9 are nei!r )\t life nor 9 repose1 b full ( activity & motion1 are up & d[n1 :i* at lea/ is cont9u\s 9 ?is t x is = ev] br++ all mat]ial ( :atev] k9d into relation ) ! "o emotional c5tre ( ! _w ( ! he>t4 ,9 o!r words ! int]e/ ( comp>ison has its root 9 ! feel+ itself1 :i* is insi/5tly consci\s ( ! fact1 = example1 t !re are o!r objects 9 ,nature :i* are beautiful1 or h giv5 rise to pa9 & s on4 ,consequ5tly love draws ^! objects ) ! aid ( ! simile into ! sph]e ( its own cont5t1 & makes ! same wid] & m univ]sal !reby4 ,if ! object ( ! simile is1 h[ev]1 entirely isolat$ 9 its mat]ial =m1 & br\ght into juxtaposition ) objects ( a simil> nature1 we %all f9d1 & p>ticul>ly s :]e similes ( ?is sort are pil$ "o on ! top ( ano!r1 t su* a composition is due to emotion ( a /ill r sup]ficial ord]1 & to reflection equally want+ 9 dep?2 ! result w be t ! v>iety :i* m]ely plays r\nd an ext]nal mat]ial w readily appe> to u insipid & ( no vital int]e/1 because we h "h no spiritual relation int]p5etrat+ x4 ,we may illu/rate su* an effect f ! f\r? *apt] ( ! ,song ( ,solomon :]e we f9d ! words3 ,behold ?\ art fair1 my love2 behold1 ?\ art fair2 ?\ ha/ doves' eyes )9 ?y locks2 ?y hair is z a flock ( goats1 t appe> f m\nt ,gilead4 ,?y tee? are l a flock ( %eep t are ev5 %orn1 :i* came up f ! wa%+1 :]e( ev]yone be> tw9s1 & none is b>r5 among !m4 ,?y lips are l a ?read ( sc>let1 & ?y spee* is comely3 ?y temples are l a piece ( pomegranate )9 ?y locks4 ,?y neck is l a t[] ( ,david build$ = an arm\ry1 :]eon !re hang a ?\s& buckl]s1 all %ields ( mighty m54 ,?y two brea/s are l two "y roes t are tw9s1 :i* fe$ among ! lilies#ajd4 ,until ! day break & ! %ad[s flee away4 ,?is navet is to be met ) 9 _m ( ! comp>isons ( ,ossian4 ,take = example ! words3 ,?\ art z sn[ on ! hea!r2 ?9e hair is z mi/ on ! kromla1 :5 he curls himself up on ! rock1 & gli/5s t[>d ! gleam 9 ! ,we/2 ?9e arms are z two arr[s 9 ! halls ( ! mighty ,f+al4 ,( ! same k9d1 only "h 9 :olly a rhetorical way1 are ! foll[+ words ,ovid places 9 ! m\? ( ,polyphemus 7,met4 ,,xiii1 vv4 #ghi-hjg73 ,?\ art m :ite1 ,o ,galatea1 ?an ! leaf ( ! sn[-:ite mead[l&2 m bloom+ ?an ! fields1 m sl5d] ?an ! elm2 m brilliant ?an glass1 m ar* ?an ! t5d] little roebuck2 smoo!r ?an ! %ell ev]-poli%$ by ! sea2 m de> ?an ,w9t]'s sun1 or ! %ade 9 ,summ]2 nobl] ?an ! fruit-tree1 m comely ?an ! l(ty plane4 ,& s on ?r\gh all ! n9ete5 hexamet]s1 a description n want+ 9 rhetorical beauty1 b z ! pres5tation ( an emotion1 :i* r\ses little int]e/1 itself equally lack+ 9 int]e/4 ,we may f9d _m examples ( ?is /yle ( comp>ison 9 ,cald]on1 al?\gh a halt1 by ! way1 ( ?is k9d is m suitable to lyrical emotion simply1 & fett]s ! m>* ( drama f> too insi/5tly1 if x is n actually motiv$ by ! subject-matt]4 ,don ,juan1 = in/ance1 dur+ ! progress ( ! action1 describes at l5g? 9 ?is way ! beauty ( a veil$ lady :om he _h foll[$4 ,?is is :at he says to a ?ird p]son3 _/ ,na!less 9 despite & (t5 ,?r\gh ! gross & b>ri]$ d>kness ,( t intransluc5t veil1 ,fla%$ a h& ( %e5 mo/ spl5did1 ,mi/ress pure ( rose & lily1 ,pr9cess1 to ^: mat*less glory ,e'en ! sn['s gleam paid obeisance1 ,slave all murk ( ,ae?iop m\ld+4 _/ ,! matt] is :olly diff]5t1 h[ev]1 :5 any "o capable ( pr(\nd emotion1 expresses 8 life ?r\gh images & similes1 9 :i* ! mo/ secret folds ( spiritual feel+ are unveil$1 ! s\l "h ei!r id5tify+ itself ) "s sc5e ( ext]nal ,nature1 or mak+ su* a sc5e ! c\nt]feit ( a spiritual cont5t4 ,we may cite ,ossian once aga9 9 illu/ration ( ?is bett] use ( image & comp>ison1 al?\gh ! range ( objects :i* s]ve him 9 su* similitude is jejune1 ma9ly re/rict$ to cl\ds1 mi/s1 /orms1 trees1 /reams1 ?i/les1 grasses1 & o!r facts equally obvi\s4 ,"h is "o ( !m3 ,! ,pres5t#aje br+s joy to u1 ,o ,f+al2 x is z ! sun on ,kromla1 :5 ! hunt] has m\rn$ its abs5ce a :ole ye> long & n[ x breaks =? f ! cl\ds4 ,9 ano!r passage ( ! same writ] we f9d ^! words3 ,did n ,ossian he>k5 b n[ to a voice8 ,is x !n ! voice ( ! days t are no long]8 ,(ttimes1 (t z ! ev5+ suns1 comes ! memory ( times t are gone into my s\l4 ,& = ano!r in/ance take ?is bit ( n>ration3 ,pleasant are ! words ( song1 sai? ,ku*ull91 & de> to ! he>t are ! tales ( times f> away4 ,!y are z ! quiet dew ( ! morn+ on ! hill ( ! roe-de]1 :5 ! sun trembles fa9tly on 8 flank1 & ! pool lies motionless & blue 9 ! dale4 ,9 ! case ( ,ossian ?is halt+ by ! same emotions1 & _! similitudes expresses ! attitude ( an old age :i* out ( we>9ess & exhau/ion turns to sorr[ful & pa9ful memories4 ,& g5]ally a rec\rse to comp>isons is evid5ce ( an incl9ation to melan*oly & effem9ate emotion4 ,! desire & int]e/ ( su* a s\l lies f> away & =egone2 & = ?is reason we f9d z a rule t1 in/ead ( brac+ itself up manfully1 x yields to its long+ to lose itself 9 some?+ else4 ,_m ( ! figurative expressions ( ,ossian consequ5tly are q z mu* a response to ?is :olly p]sonal mood z !y are a reflection ( ideas mo/ly ( a m\rnful col\r1 & ( ! re/rict$ circle beyond :i* he is unable to pass4 ,b1 conv]sely1 x is q possible t passion1 9 s f> z x is able to conc5trate its =ces on "o cont5t1 despite its own unre/1 ) ! object ( f9d+ a c\nt]feit ( ! s\l 9 ! natural _w ar\nd x1 may fluctuate to & fro 9 a v>iety ( images & similitudes1 :i* are all purely conceits ( ! fancy ov] "o & ! same object4 ,a f9e example ( ?is we h 9 t monologue ( ,juliet f ,romeo & ,juliet1 9 :i* %e apo/rophizes ! night z foll[s3 _/ ,come1 night2 come ,romeo2 come1 ?\ day 9 night2 ,= ?\ wilt lie ^u ! w+s ( night ,:it] ?an new sn[ on a rav5's back3 ,come1 g5tle night1 come1 lov+1 black-br['d night1 ,give me my ,romeo2 & :5 he %all die1 ,take him & cut him out 9 little />s1 ,& he w make ! face ( heav5 s f9e ,t all ! _w w be 9 love ) night ,& pay no wor%ip to ! g>i% sun4 _/ 77 ,! similes ( epic poetry z !y come be=e u ov] & ov] aga9 9 ,hom] /& out 9 a m>k$ contra/ to ! above type ( almo/ purely lyrical simile 9 :i* s5tim5t is absorb$ 9 ! he>t ( its cont5t4 ,9 ! =m] case ! aim ( ! poet1 :5 he may by any *ance wi% to dally ) ! comp>ative mode ar\nd "s specific object1 is1 on ! "o h&1 int]e/$ 9 rais+ u ov] ! active curiosity1 expectancy1 hope1 & fe>1 by :i* we are mov$ relatively to ! sev]al situations & exploits ( 8 h]oes dur+ ! actual progress ( ev5ts ov]1 t is to say1 ! g5]al concurr5cies ( cause1 action1 & consequ5ce1 & 9 fix+ our att5tion ^u ! images :i* he places be=e u 9 _! pla/ic repose1 purely = our contemplation1 s]5e z ! works ( sculpture4 ,?is repose1 ?is absolution f ! m]ely practical int]e/ t we may ent] into t :i* he places visibly be=e our eyes comes ^u u ) all ! m =ce 9 s f> z ev]y?+ ) :i* he comp>es ! object is tak5 f a field entirely remote f x4 ,moreov]1 ?is halt+ r\nd ! simile possesses ! fur!r significance t by virtue ( ?is k9d ( tw(old pa9t+ ( ! same object its importance is emphasiz$1 & is ?us n p]mitt$ to be :irl$ away 9 ! m]e %ift+ /ream ( ! song & ! ev5ts x celebrates4 ,take1 = example1 :at ,hom] says ( ,a*illes1 :5 t h]o1 fir$ ) ang]1 confronts ,a5eas 7,iliad1 ,,xx1 vv4 #afd-age73 _/ ,z :5 ! h>mful k+ ( bea/s 7sore ?reat5$ to be sla9 ,by all ! c\ntry up 9 arms7 at fir/ makes coy disda9 ,prep>e resi/ance1 b at la/ :5 anyone ha? l$ ,bold *>ge ^u him ) 8 d>t1 he !n turns yawn+ head1 ,fell ang] la!rs 9 8 jaws1 8 great he>t swells1 8 /]n ,la%e? 8 /r5g? up1 sides & ?ighs waddle ) /ripes to le>n ,_! own p[]1 8 eyes gl[1 he ro>s1 he leaps to kill1 ,secure ( kill+3 s 8 p[] !n r\s'd up to 8 w ,mat*less ,a*illes1 com+ on to meet ,an*ises' son#ajf4 _/ ,mu* 9 ! same _s he speaks ( ,pallas1 :5 %e av]t$ ! arr[ :i* ,p&>os _h let fly aga9/ ,m5elaus 7,iliad1 ,,iv1 vv4 #acj-aca73 ,%e did n =get him1 & w>d$ (f ! arr[ e'en z a "m flicks away "s fly f h] son1 z he lies 9 sweet slumb]4 ,& aga9 fur!r on :5 ! arr[1 not)/&+1 w\nds ,m5elaus 7vv4 #ada-adf73 _/ ,yet =? ! blood fl['d1 :i* did mu* 8 royal p]son grace1 ,& %['d ^u 8 ivory sk91 z do? a purple dye ,laid1 by a dame ( ,cara1 or lovely ,maeony1 ,on ivory1 wr\ght 9 ornam5ts to deck ! *eeks ( horse2 ,:i* 9 h] m>riage room mu/ lie2 ^: beauties h su* =ce1 ,t !y are wi%'d ( _m knights1 b are su* preci\s ?+s1 ,t !y are kept = horse t draw ! *>iots ( k+s2 ,:i* horse1 s deck'd1 ! *>iote] e/eems a grace to him2 ,l ^!1 9 grace1 ! blood ^u ?y solid ?ighs did swim1 ,o ,m5elaus1 etc#ajg4 _/ 77 ,a ?ird motive cause ( similes1 q di/9ct f t ( purely imag9ative riot z also ! self-absorb$ s5tim5t or1 "u its o!r aspect1 ! dally+ r\nd important objects ) ! figurative p[] ( ! fancy1 we h n[ to emphasize ) p>ticul> ref]5ce to dramatic poetry4 ,! cont5t ( ! drama is made up ( ! conflict ( passions1 activities1 pa?os1 actions1 & ! accompli%m5t ( ! ?+ will$ by ! s\l1 a cont5t :i* does n1 z 9 ! case ( ! epic1 take ! =m ( a n>rative ( pa/ ev5ts1 b ! dramatic poet places ! individuals !mselves be=e our eyes & makes !m unfold _! emotions p]sonally 9 an objective =m1 & _! actions z tak+ place 9 ! pres5t3 8 m$iate position betwe5 ourselves & ! objects repres5t$ !re=e ceases4 ,look$ at f ?is po9t ( view x w\ld appe> z ?\gh 9 ord] to make ?is pres5ce 9 ,nature cle> to u a prim>y requirem5t ( drama w\ld be t ! expression ( passions & ! vehem5ce ( _! grief1 con/]nation1 & delight %\ld be pa9t$ z naturally z x 0 possible to pa9t x1 & consequ5tly ! simile w\ld be "h out ( place4 ,to let individuals1 on ! v plane ( _! action1 9 ! full /orm ( emotion1 & 9 ! cont9u\s /ra9 ( ! busy _w1 speak mu* 9 ! language ( metaphor or image is obvi\sly1 f ! commons5se po9t ( view1 an unnatural proce$+ & injuri\s to ! directness aim$ at4 ,we are by ! simile div]t$ f ! imm$iate situation1 & ! *>act]s1 ^: actions & emotions are involv$ 9 x1 to some?+ ext]nal & /range to x1 :i* 9 %ort does n /rictly belong to x1 z "p ( its own pres5t2 consequ5tly ! g5]al c\rse ( ! dialogue mu/ unavoidably appe> to lag "u ! int]ruption ?us impos$4 ,& = ?is reason x came ab\t also 9 ,g]many :5 at la/ our "y bloods 7 all = free+ !mselves f ! fett]s ( ,fr5* rhetorical ta/e1 t ! ,spani>ds1 ,italians1 & ,fr5* 7 reg>d$ z arti/s :o did no?+ m ?an place _! own p]sonal flights ( fancy or witticism1 _! own conv5tional attitude to society & elegance ( spee* 9 ! m\? ( _! dramatic *>act]s 9 situations1 too1 :5 ! v tempe/ ( emotion cri$ out = ,nature's mo/ direct expression to ! exclusion ( all o!r4 ,we f9d z a result ( su* an insi/5ce on ! pr9ciple ( realism t 9 _m dramas1 :i* hail f ?is "t1 ! outcry ( emotion1 ) all ! exclamatory signs & hyph5s :i* may r5d] its nudity m visible1 takes ! place ( a noble & dignifi$ diction1 ri* 9 image & simile4 ,9 mu* ! same s5se ev5 ,engli% critics h (t5 *>g$ ,%akespe>e ) a sup]abundant & too v>i$ rec\rse to ! simile1 "s ( :i* he n unfrequ5tly w atta* to *>act]s 9 ! full /ra9 ( p]sonal b]eavem5t1 :]e ! /ress ( emotion lea/ ( all admits ( ! tranquillity necess>y to reflection1 ! attitude ( m9d :i* is indisp5sable to ?is type ( comp>ison4 ,we may no d\bt admit t n[ & aga9 we meet ) 9 ,%akespe>e an exagg]at$ t5d5cy to pile up image ^u image1 & t 8 diction is !reby ov]weight$4 ,at ! same "t we %all see1 if we exam9e ! matt] 9 all its be>+s1 t ev5 9 drama ! simile is entitl$ to a position ess5tial to ?is =m ( poetry & vital to its action4 ,9 o!r words if ! emotion makes a pause 9 similes = ! reason t x is absorb$ 9 its object & is unable to free itself !refrom1 !re is also on ! plane ( active life a di/9ct purpose subs]v$ by x1 namely1 to indicate t ! individual is n ?us s exclusively preoccupi$ ) ! p>ticul> situation or /ate ( ! emotions !n upp]mo/1 b possesses a f9e & noble nature sup]ior to su* conditions & able to ass]t its indep5d5ce4 ,9 passion s\l-life is re/rict$ & fett]$ to its own seclusion1 n>r[$ d[n to ! po9t ( conc5trat$ heat1 ei!r !reby a mute1 an ejaculation ( monosyllables1 or ! rage t v5ts itself at r&om4 ,greatness ( s\l & intellectual p[] alike refuse to submit to su* limitations3 !y are w+s :i* c>ry ! s\l 9 a f9e tranquillity ov] & above ! /orm ( pa?os t moves x4 ,x is ?is deliv]ance ( ! s\l1 :i* ! simile prim>ily expresses by ! v mode "u :i* x is ass]t$4 ,9 o!r words x is only a really pr(\nd composure & /r5g? :i* is able to make itself ! object ( its pa9 & suff]+1 to comp>e itself ) some?+ else1 & by do+ s to view itself imp>tially#ajh 9 a /range mat]ial2 or x may be 9 a mood ( ! mo/ t]rible scorn to set =? 9 ! ext]nal ?+ ! confront+ image ( its own annihilation1 & /ill p]si/ 9 ! repose ( its own obdurate =ces4 ,9 epical poetry1 z we be=e obs]v$1 x 0 ! poet's und\bt$ function to transmit to 8 audi5ce1 by means ( ^? halts by ! way :i* 8 picturesque similitudes (f]$1 t s5se ( tranquillity :i* is ess5tial to f9e art4 ,9 dramatic art1 on ! contr>y1 ! dramatis p]sonae appe> z !mselves ! poets & arti/s4 ,"h x is ! *>act]s :o objectify _! own s\l-life 9 t :i* !y are p[]ful en\gh to imag9e & in=m1 !reby fur!r manife/+ to u ! nobility ( _! receptive faculties & ! inh]5t =ce ( _! emotional res\rces#aji4 ,= ?is absorption into some?+ else t is ext]nal is n[#aaj ! deliv]ance ( ! _w )9 f a purely practical int]e/1 or at lea/ is t :i* lifts ! imm$iacy ( emotion to ! level ( =ms ! s\l may contemplate 9 fre$om2 & = ?is reason e comp>ison in/itut$ simply = ! comp>ison's sake 9 ! way we h already obs]v$ x "u ! fir/ aspect ( ! simile discuss$1 is v9dicat$ n[ 9 a mu* pr(\nd] s5se ?an 0 !n possible2 x c n[ only appe> z a victory ov] ! exclusive obsession ( passion & ! release f its ma/]dom4 ,9 foll[+ up ! c\rse ( ?is lib]at+ process we w n[ emphasize sev]al important di/9ctions to illu/rate :i* we %all borr[ exclusively f ,%akespe>e4 77 ,n[ 9 ! fir/ place we w\ld obs]ve t :5 we h a s\l set be=e u ab\t to meet ) a grave mis=tune1 by :i* x w be %ak5 to its dep?s1 & ! pa9 ( ?is inevitable cataclysm is at l5g? actually ent]$ ^u1 x w\ld be no?+ less ?an an indication ( a nature ess5tially commonplace if x 7 !re & !n to break out into ! cry ( horror1 pa91 & desp]ation1 & s make a clean brea/ ( x4 ,a /rong & noble _s on ! contr>y holds its lam5tation z su* 9 res]ve1 keeps a h& ( iron ^u its pa91 & by ?is means pres]ves a free p[] to embody 9 f>-di/ant mat]ial imag9atively pres5t$ ! pr(\nd s5se ( its angui%1 & to express its own tragic /ate "u ! image ( t :i* is remote4 ,?us man rises sup]ior to 8 suff]+2 he is n utt]ly ) all t is 9 him bondman to x2 r he is z :olly di/9ct f x z he is "o ) x2 & consequ5tly he c /ill pause be=e t :i* is outside & beyond him1 :i* he relates to 8 emotion z an indep5d5t =ce cognate ) 8 own4 ,?is w expla9 to u ^? words ( ! old ,nor?umb]l& 9 ,%akespe>e's ,h5ry ,,iv1 :5 he inquires ( ! mess5g] :o comes to in=m him ( ! dea? ( ,p]cy1 :at news he br+s him ( 8 son & 8 bro!r1 &1 on receiv+ no reply1 gives utt]ance to ! composure ( ! mo/ poignant grief z foll[s3 _/ ,?\ tremble/2 & ! :it5ess ( ?y *eek ,is apt] ?an ?y tongue to tell ?y err&4 ,ev5 su* a man1 s fa9t1 s spiritless1 ,s dull1 s dead 9 look1 s woe-begone1 ,drew ,priam's curta9 9 ! dead ( night1 ,& w\ld h told him half 8 ,troy 0 burnt2 ,b ,priam f\nd ! fire ere he 8 tongue1 ,& ,i my ,p]cy's dea? ere ?\ report'/ x#aaa4 _/ ,?is attitude ( ! s\l1 :i* sp9s ab\t itself z x 7 ! g>m5ts ( its pa91 & yet reta9s ! p[] ?r\gh\t to image itself "u new modes ( comp>ison1 receives a p>ticul>ly /rik+ illu/ration 9 ! "* ( ,ri*>d ,,ii1 :]e we f9d him rep5tant ov] ! y\?ful frivolity ( 8 days ( prosp]ity4 ,9 fact !re is no trait 9 ?is royal grief t is m t\*+ or sugge/ive ( a *ild's simplicity ?an ! fact t he always expresses himself "u ! objective =m ( mo/ p]t95t images1 & 9 ! play ( ?is type ( self-expression pres]ves 8 suff]+ all ! m pr(\ndly4 ,:51 = example1 ,h5ry dem&s ( him ! cr[n1 he replies3 _/ ,give me ! cr[n4 ,"h1 c\s91 seize ! cr[n2 ,"h c\s92 ,on ?is side my h&1 & on t side y\rs4 ,n[ is ?is gold5 cr[n l a deep well ,t owes two buckets1 fill+ "o ano!r1 ,! empti] ev] danc+ 9 ! air1 ,! o!r d[n1 unse5 & full ( wat]4 ,t bucket d[n & full ( te>s am ,i1 ,dr9k+ my griefs :ile y m\nt up on high#aab4 _/ 77 ,! o!r aspect to :i* we w\ld n[ draw att5tion is ?is1 namely1 t a "* :i* is already made "o ) its int]e/s1 its sorr[1 & its de/9y1 endeav\rs by means ( ! simile to release itself f ?is imm$iate union1 & makes ?is deliv]ance obvi\s to u by ! v fact t x %[s itself /ill able to d$uce su* similitudes4 ,9 ,h5ry ,,viii1#aac = in/ance1 ! ,que5 ,ka!r9e1 on be+ =sak5 by h] royal consort1 expresses ! dep? ( h] desolation 9 ! words3 _/ ,i am ! mo/ unhappy woman liv+6 ,alas1 poor w5*es1 :]e are n[ y\r =tunes8 ,%ipwreck'd ^u a k+dom1 :]e no pity1 ,no fri5ds1 no hope2 no k9dr$ weep = me2 ,almo/ no grave all['d me3 l ! lily1 ,t once 0 mi/ress ( ! field & fl\ri%'d1 ,i'll hang my head & p]i%4 _/ ,9 a /ill m admirable mann] 9 ,julius ,caes>#aad ,brutus exclaims to ,cassius1 to ^: want ( _s he has va9ly /riv5 to give ! spur3 _/ ,o ,cassius1 y are yok$ ) a lamb ,t c>ries ang] z ! fl9t be>s fire2 ,:o1 mu* en=c$1 %[s a ha/y sp>k1 ,& /raight is cool aga94 _/ ,t ,brutus 9 su* a situation c f9d room = a simile is already an excell5t pro( t he himself has ?ru/ 8 scorn into ! backgr\nd1 & has begun to ass]t himself z ma/] ( x4 ,= ! mo/ "p ,%akespe>e1 by end[+ 8 crim9al *>act]s ) greatness ( s\l 9 crime no less ?an 9 mis=tune1 exalts !m be=e he leaves !m above _! own evil passions3 he w n let !m re/ 9 ! purely ab/ract ass]tion ( crimes !y are = ev] go+ to d1 b nev] really commit1 z is ! ,fr5* /yle1 b actually infuses !m ) ! imag9ative p[]1 by means ( :i* !y /& out be=e u z di/9ctly z any o!r p]sonification t is new to u4 ,macbe?1 = in/ance1 :5 8 la/ h\r has /ruck#aae1 exclaims 9 ! well-kn[n words3 _/ ,out1 out1 brief c&le6 ,life's b a walk+ %ad[1 a poor play] ,t /ruts & frets 8 h\r ^u ! /age ,& !n is he>d no m3 x is a tale ,told by an idiot1 full ( s\nd & fury ,signify+ no?+4 _/ ,! same ?+ may be said ( ^? la/ words ( ,c>d9al ,wolsey 9 ,h5ry ,,viii1#aaf utt]$ at ! close ( 8 c>e] :5 /ruck d[n f ! summit ( 8 greatness3 _/ ,f>ewell6 a long f>ewell to all my greatness6 ,?is is ! /ate ( man3 to-day he puts =? ,! t5d] leaves ( hopes3 to-morr[ blossoms1 ,& be>s 8 blu%+ hon\rs ?ick ^u him2 ,! ?ird day comes a fro/1 a kill+ fro/2 ,& :5 he ?9ks1 good easy man1 full surely ,8 greatness is a-rip5+1 nips 8 root1 ,& !n he falls1 z ,i d4 _/ 77 ,9 ?is imp]sonal relation ( objective fact & its expression ( ! comp>ative mode1 ! repose & sub/antial self-comm& ( "* returns to itself2 x is ! means :]eby ! pa9 ( a great d[nfall is s(t5$4 ,s ,cleopatra exclaims#aag to ,*>mian1 aft] %e has already put ! mortal aspic to h] brea/3 _/ ,peace1 peace6 ,do/ ?\ n see my baby at my brea/1 ,t sucks ! nurse asleep8 ,z sweet z balm1 z s(t z air1 z g5tle-- _/ ,! bite ( ! s]p5t relaxes h] memb]s s g5tly t ,dea? is himself deceiv$ & holds himself to be ,sleep4 ,& ?is image may well pass z itself a c\nt]feit ( ! mild & allay+ influ5ce ( su* similitudes4 ,c4 ,,! ,,disappe>ance ,,( ,,! ,,symbolic ,,type ,,( ,,art ,didactic1 descriptive poetry & ! anci5t epigram4 ,! conception we h 9 g5]al t]ms =m$ ( ! symbolic type ( art is su* t )9 x significance & expression are unable to unite suffici5tly to appe> 9 complete & reciprocal fusion4 ,9 unconsci\s symbolism ! incompatibility ( ^! two aspects rema9$ a fact ?r\gh\t1 if n actually decl>$ z su*2 9 ! ,sublime on ! contr>y ?is inadequacy 0 explicitly ass]t$3 ! absolute significance1 ,god1 no less ?an ,8 ext]nal reality1 ! _w1 are expressly repres5t$ 9 ?is exclud+ relation to "o ano!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 9 all ^! types t fur!r aspect ( symbolism1 namely1 ! aff9ity :i* obta9s betwe5 ! significance & ! ext]nal =m1 9 :i* x is visibly manife/$1 /ill reta9$ its importance4 ,9 ! orig9al type ( symbolism ?is 0 exclusively ! case1 a type :i* did n z yet set =? ! significance 9 contra/ to its concrete exi/5ce4 ,b 9 ! ,sublime1 too1 x rema9$ an ess5tial relation1 a type :i*1 9 ord] to express ! ,supreme ,be+1 if "h "u a :olly inadequate mode1 requir$ z its means ! ph5om5a ( ,nature1 & ! ev5ts & exploits ( ,god's *os5 p4 ,& f9ally x reappe>s 9 ! comp>ative type ( art a p]sonal relation & "o t is consequ5tly am5able to caprice4 ,?is elem5t ( caprice1 h[ev]1 albeit x is an entirely pres5t fact & p>ticul>ly s 9 ! case ( ! metaphor1 image1 & simile1 is not)/&+ /ill hidd5 away beh9d ! aff9ity betwe5 ! significance & ! image utiliz$ to express x1 9 s f> z x selects ! comp>ison simply out ( a reg>d = _! mutual resemblance1 a fundam5tal aspect ( :i* is n s mu* ! ext]nal =m z j ?is relation set up betwe5 !m by ! activity ( ! s\l & consi/+ 9 subjective emotions1 po9ts ( view & ideas & _! cognate modes ( configuration#aah4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is n ! notion ( ! mat]ial itself1 b simply a caprici\s use ( ! judgm5t1 :i* br+s toge!r ! cont5t & its arti/ic =m1 bo? c only be conceiv$ z posit$ 9 an entirely ext]nal relation to "o ano!r2 _! association is n[ a juxtaposition )\t ess5tial relation1 simply a dress+ up1 t is to say1 ( ! "o side by ! o!r4 ,= ?is reason we h "h to treat ^! la/-m5tion$ & subord9ate types ( art by way ( supplem5t4 ,!y arise f ! absolute collapse ( ! ess5tial phases 9 all true art-production2 !y br+ be=e u1 9 %ort1 by _! indep5d5ce ( ! pr9ciple ( relativity ! suicide ( ! symbolic type4 ,if we view ?is /age g5]ally z a :ole we f9d on ! "o h& already z :olly indep5d5t ! elaborate b =mless significance1 = ! arti/ic %ap+ ( :i* all t we c n[ supply is an ext]nal ornam5t select$ at caprice to set x (f4 ,on ! o!r side we h ! ext]nal mode pure & simple4 ,t is to say1 in/ead ( be+ m$iat$ 9 its id5tity ) t on :i* x is impos$ by ! fact t ?is is its own ess5tially cognate significance x c n[ only be accept$ & describ$ 9 ! aspect ( its self-subsi/5ce ov] aga9/ ?is c5trum ( significance1 & consequ5tly only z m]e ext]nality4 ,f ! above contra/$ aspects we may diff]5tiate 9 ab/ract t]ms didactic f descriptive poetry1 a di/9ction :i* s f> at lea/ z ! didactic is conc]n$ is only to be made good "u ! poetic type = ! reason t ?is alone is able to br+ be=e u ! significance 9 its ab/ract univ]sality4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z ! notion ( art does n consi/ 9 ! dissociation1 b ! id5tification ( significance & =m we f9d ev5 at ?is /age n only a complete sep>ation1 b also 9 l9e ) t1 a relation ass]t$ betwe5 ! sides ?us oppos$4 ,?is relation1 h[ev]1 n[ t ! p>tition l9e ( symbolism has already be5 cross$1 is no long] ( a symbolic nature1 & is !re=e an attempt to aboli% ! fundam5tal *>act]i/ics ( t type1 namely1 ! incompatibility1 & at ! same "t ! self-subsi/5ce ( =m & cont5t1 a position t all ! previ\s types 7 unable to transc5d4 ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to ! sep>ation ( ! two sides1 :i* ?us make = unity1 be+ already presuppos$ by ?is type ?is attempt c only be look$ ^u z a m]e aspiration#aai1 to completely satisfy :i* 9 all t x involves is res]v$ = a m p]fect type ( art1 namely1 ! classical4 ,we w n[ briefly glance at ^! supplem5t>y =ms1 9 ord] to make our passage f !m to ! real type above m5tion$ m fully intelligible4 #a4 ,,! ,,didactic ,,poem ,:5 a significance1 :i* z su* co-ord9ates a homog5e\s complexus ( relations1 is appreh5d$ exclusively z significance1 yet does n receive ! =m /rictly adequate to ?is cont5t1 b is m]ely inve/$ ) ! ext]nal ornam5tation ( art1 !n we h be=e u ! didactic poem4 ,! didactic poem does n figure among ! g5u9e types ( art4 ,= 9 x we f9d on ! "o h& a cont5t already completely elaborat$ "u a mode t is !reby necess>ily prosaic1 :ile on ! o!r we h ! arti/ic =m1 :i* is m]ely tack$ to x 9 an ext]nal way1 = ?is v reason t x _h already be5 accept$ by ! m9d 9 a =m /amp$ ) prose ?r\gh\t1 & is m]ely exhibit$ to our common s5se or reflective faculties z in/ruction "u ?is prosaic aspect1 t is to say1 ) an exclusive ref]5ce to ! significance embodi$ 9 its ab/ract & g5]al t]ms4 ,consequ5tly art1 9 ?is its ext]nal relation to a cont5t s ess5tially =eign to its real in=m+ process1 c only recognize 9 ! didactic poem its ext]nal aspects1 su* z metre1 exalt$ language1 episodic matt]1 images1 similes1 ebullitions ( s5tim5t1 po9ts ( accel]ation & transition 9 ! m>* ( ideas1 aspects 9 %ort :i* d n give u ! he>t ( ! cont5t z su*1 b r surr\nd x z an incid5tal accretion1 ) ! object ( alleviat+ & mak+ m enjoyable ! s]i\s & dry tone ( ! didactic mat]ial by means ( _! m inspirit+ atmosph]e4 ,t :i* is intr9sically1 9 ! fundam5tal conception ( x1 relegat$ to prose1 _c receive ! poet's m9tage1 ?\gh x may be ! peg on :i* he may hang 8 mantle#abj4 ,j z we f9d1 = example1 t ! art ( g>d5+ is 9 great measure a purely ext]nal re>rangem5t ( :at is already pres5t$ u by ,nature1 b n necess>ily ( t :i* is itself a truly lovely locality2 or z ! art ( build+ ameliorates by its ornam5t & ext]nal decoration a locality :i* has be5 expressly devot$ to prosaic purposes & affairs4 ,9 ?is way ,greek ,philosophy made a />t "u ! mode ( ! didactic poem4 ,we may ev5 adduce ,hesiod z an example1 albeit a prosaic treatm5t ( ?is k9d 9 its /rict s5se is only fully assur$ :5 ! und]/&+ is undisput$ ma/] ( ! subject ) its tra9 ( reflections1 consequ5ces1 & classifications1 & in/ructs u f ?is /&po9t alone 9 z pleas+ & elegant a way z x c4 ,lucretius1 too1 9 8 relations to ! philosophy ( ,epicurus1 & ,v]gil1 ) ! in=mation he supplies on agriculture1 are 9 "p examples ( ! same type4 ,despite all _! arti/ic adroitness !y are unable to give _! v]sification ! g5u9e spontaneity ( ! arti/ic =m4 ,9 ,g]many ! didactic poem is new out ( fa%ion2 9 ,france ,delille1 9 addition to 8 previ\s ef=ts entitl$ ,les j>d9s1 ou l'art d'embellir les paysages1 & 8 ,homme des *amps1 has pres5t$ 8 compatriots ) a fur!r example ( ! didactic poem1 9 :i* he has treat$ physical sci5ce z comp5di\sly ?r\gh its =ms ( magnetism1 electricity & ! re/4 #b4 ,,descriptive ,,poetry ,! second type :i* we h to exam9e /&s out 9 direct contra/ to ! previ\s "o4 ,! po9t ( dep>ture "h is n f a significance already pres5t be=e ! m9d 9 an indep5d5t =m ( its own1 b f ext]nal objects simply su* z natural localities1 build+s1 seasons ( ! ye> or p]iods ( "t1 & ! modes "u :i* !y are pres5t$ to s5se4 ,b z we f\nd 9 ! didactic poem ! cont5t p]si/$ 9 =mless g5]ality s f> z its ess5tial "* 0 conc]n$1 s "h1 if 9 a conv]se mann]1 ! ext]nal mat]ial is indep5d5tly set =? 9 ! s+ul>ity :i* p]ta9s to x simply z ph5om5on )\t be+ drawn )9 ! circle ( ! significances app>5t to m9d2 & x is ?is p>ticul>ity :i* is depict$ & describ$ 9 its ext]nal aspect precisely z x appe>s to ! matt]-(-fact consci\sness4 ,su* a s5su\s cont5t has no relation to true art :atev]1 except "u ! "o feature1 namely1 t ( its ext]nal exi/5ce2 & ?is c only claim art's recognition 9 s f> z x repres5ts ! natural basis ( spiritual life & individuality1 its actions & ev5ts1 ! facts1 t is to say1 :i* con/itute an environ+ _w2 z m]ely ext]nal =m sep>at$ by itself f all t p]ta9s to su* life x has no su* claim4 #c4 ,,relation ,,( ,,bo? ,,aspects ,on gr\nds d$ucible f ! above1 nei!r ! in/ructive nor ! descriptive type is secur$ 9 ! exclusive "o-sid$ness :i* w\ld oblit]ate e ve/ige ( art1 & we f9d 9 ! "o case t ! ext]nal reality is br\ght into appreciable relation ) t :i* is seiz$ by m9d z significance1 j z conv]sely 9 ! o!r ! ab/ract univ]sal is relat$ to its concrete mode ( appe>ance4 7a7 ,we h already expla9$ h[ ?is is s 9 ! case ( ! didactic poem4 ,)\t depict+ ext]nal conditions & p>ticul> ph5om5a1 )\t ! episodical n>ration ( my?ological & o!r illu/rations we %all r>ely f9d a g5u9e example ( x4 ,by means1 h[ev]1 ( a p>allel s]ies ( ?is "* 9 :i* ! univ]sal = m9d is ?us laid alongside ( ! p>ticul> object ( s5se we h m]ely a q collat]al relation set up in/ead ( a union c>ri$ out 9 e detail1 a p>allelogism1 moreov]1 :i* does n affect ! entire cont5t & its all-embrac+ arti/ic =m1 b m]ely isolat$ aspects & traits4 7b7 ,su* a modicum ( true relation is p>ticul>ly conspicu\s 9 ! case ( descriptive poetry1 9 s f> z its del9eations are accompani$ ) su* emotions z ! sight ( natural l&scape1 ! c\rse ( ! days & seasons1 a wood$ hill1 a lake1 a babbl+ brook1 a *ur*1 a picturesquely situat$ village & ! poor man's peaceful cottage are likely to ar\se4 ,we f9d consequ5tly 9 descriptive poetry mu* z we d 9 ! didactic poem episodes :i*1 al?\gh m]ely accessory1 animate u1 9 p>ticul> ?r\gh ! reflection ( affect+ emotions1 su* z a t5d] melan*oly or little t\*es ( occasional exp]i5ce tak5 f ! m homely levels ( life4 ,su* an association ( spiritual feel+ ) ! ext]nal facts ( ,nature c /ill only too easily 9 ?is type ( poetry rema9 :olly ext]nal 9 its pres5tation4 ,= ! natural or local condition is "h assum$ to be some?+ :i* q indep5d5tly confronts u4 ,man no d\bt draws ne> to x2 "u its influ5ce he ent]ta9s ?is or t feel+1 b !re is no?+ :i* ess5tially unites moonlight1 =e/s1 valleys1 l&scape1 & s on1 ) ! emotions ( ! s\l !y excite4 ,i am n "h ei!r ! int]pret] or ! animat+ focus ( ,nature1 b feel1 z ea* happ5s to confront me1 a :olly indef9ite k9d ( h>moni\s reciprocity e/abli% itself betwe5 ! objects ,i face & ! emotional life :i* !y /imulate4 ,mo/ ( all are we ,g]mans devot$ to ?is type ( picturesque description1 & along ) x to e v>iety ( exquisite feel+ & he>t eff]vesc5ce su* natural sc5]y c possibly evoke4 ,x is a public high-road ov] :i* all may m>* 9 l9e4 ,ev5 "s ( ! odes ( ,klop/ock are tun$ to its key4 7c7 ,b ?irdly1 if we inquire :e!r !re is n a pr(\nd] relation betwe5 ^! oppos$ aspects ( ! int]nal feel+ & ext]nal object1 we %all f9d our ne>e/ approa* to an answ] 9 ! anci5t epigram4 77 ,! v "n ( ! epigram already expresses ! orig9al gi/ ( x4 ,x is an inscription4 ,unque/ionably we f9d1 also "h on ! "o h& an object1 & on ! o!r we h a def9ite /atem5t prop\nd$ z to ?is object2 b 9 ! mo/ anci5t epigrams1 among :i* ,hesiod has pres]v$ a few examples1 we d n h ! picture ( an object accompani$ by any reaction ( feel+1 r we f9d1 ! matt] ( fact put be=e u 9 two di/9ct ways4 ,9 ! "o ! ext]nal exi/5ce1 & ) x ! mean+ !re( & explanation1 is conc5trat$ 9 its =m z epigram on ! ke5e/ & mo/ =cible ( its *>act]i/ics4 ,?is orig9al *>act]ization ( ! epigram1 h[ev]1 ev5 among ! ,greeks1 lat] examples h already lo/2 & we f9d an increas+ t5d5cy bo? to secure & apply ! pass+ conceits ( fancy1 :e!r +5i\s1 witty1 or m]ely ent]ta9+1 to p>ticul> incid5ts1 works ( art1 p & s on1 ideas 9 %ort :i* d n s mu* set =? ! object itself1 z illu/rate ! condition ( p]sonal feel+ 9 ref]5ce to ! same4 77 ,! ma9 po9t to obs]ve "h is ?is t1 j 9 proportion z ! object itself fails z su* to become ! pr$om9ant factor 9 ?is type ( pres5tm5t to t ext5t x becomes less complete4 ,9 ?is connection we may also 9 pass+ m5tion a few m mod]n examples ( an analog\s nature4 ,! novels ( ,tieck1 = in/ance1 n unfrequ5tly h to deal ) specific works ( art or arti/s1 or a def9ite gall]y ( pictures1 composition ( music & s =?1 & !y h !n "s nice little romance atta*$4 ,^! p>ticul> pictures1 h[ev]1 :i* ! read] has nev] se51 ^! compositions1 :i* he has nev] he>d1 ! poet obvi\sly c nei!r br+ be=e our eyes nor e>s4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! entire expression ( 8 art1 9 s f> z x dep5ds on objects ( ?is nature1 mu/ rema9 subject to ?is defect4 ,9 ! same way 9 yet m important romances writ]s h s\ght to embody z ! real cont5t ( _! "w entire arts1 & _! f9e/ productions z ,he9se1 = in/ance1 did ) t ( music 9 8 ,hildeg>d von ,hoh5?al4 ,b 9 e case :]e we f9d t a "w ( art ?r\gh\t is unable to reproduce ) ess5tial adequacy its fundam5tal subject-matt]1 we c only conclude t ! prim>y cause ( ?is defect arises f ! inadequacy ( ! type ( art select$4 77 ,to remove ! defects above adv]t$ to two ?+s are cle>ly ess5tial2 ! objective fact & ! explanation ( x :i* is (f]$ to m9d mu/ n be suff]$ to fall into absolute sev]ation z 0 ! case 9 ! type la/ consid]$1 nor mu/ ! union :5 effect$1 an equally important po9t1 assume a "* id5tical ) ei!r ! symbolical1 sublime or purely comp>ative types4 ,a yet m g5u9e =m ( pres5tm5t mu/ be s\ght = "u a condition 9 :i* we f9d t ! fact 9 "q supplies an elucidation ( its ideal cont5t by means ( its ext]nal mode ( appe>ance1 & actually 9 ?is mode1 a condition "u :i* t :i* is ( _s unfolds itself completely 9 ! =m ( its reality1 & ! corporeal & ext]nal pres5ce is simply ! adequate explication ( ! spiritual & ideal4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to foll[ up ?is problem to its complete fulfilm5t we mu/ bid f>ewell to ! symbolic types ( art4 ,= ! ess5tial "* ( symbolism consi/$ precisely 9 ?is t ! union ( ! animat+ pr9ciple ( ! significance ) its spatial embodim5t always /opp$ %ort ( su* complet5ess4 ,footnote #gf3 ,9 o!r words ev]y?+ creat$ be+ posit$ z unsub/antial ap>t f ! ,"o necessitat$ ! conclusion t all ! ,goodness1 etc41 !re divulg$ 0 ref]able to t ,supreme ,s\rce4 ,footnote #gg3 ,bewus/51 t is a symbolism consci\s ( its typical "*4 ,i h above us$ ! expression prem$itat$1 b consci\s is p]haps suffici5t4 ,footnote #gh3 ,i und]/& auf sol*e ,weise1 "u su* a mode z express$ ei!r by ,symbolism or ! ,sublime4 ,footnote #gi3 ,x is prosaic because x has no absolute root 9 reality4 ,footnote #hj3 ,lit41 ,z consci\sness lays hold ( ! same 9 ! cle> light ( ord9>y reason 7se9] v]/ndig5 ,kl>heit47 ,footnote #ha3 ,!oretis*e1 t is p]sonal1 contemplative r ?an practical4 ,footnote #hb3 ,lit41 & 8 fre$om secludes itself ) a prophetic in/9ct 7ahnd5d7 9 itself4 ,footnote #hc3 ,wie die ,fau/ auf das ,auge pas/4 ,a prov]bial expression unkn[n to me4 ,we %\ld r say a beam 9 our eyes4 ,footnote #hd3 ,z contra/$1 t is1 ) ! fable4 ,footnote #he3 ,an ,indian danc+ girl4 ,footnote #hf3 ,hegel uses ! t]m 9 ! plural1 ,die ,v]w&lung51 possibly ) ref]5ce to ,ovid's ,metamorphoses4 ,footnote #hg3 ,/&punkt1 i4e41 ! =m view$ relatively to ! g5]al type4 ,footnote #hh3 ,beseelung4 ,footnote #hi3 ,pla/ic mu/ be tak5 "h 9 ! v loose & pregnant s5se ( any art t deals ) ext]nal mat]ial4 ,footnote #ij3 ,e9 grammatis*es ,subject4 ,hegel presumably means t x is m]ely subject "u ! mode ( lit]>y expression )\t possess+ ! true det]m9ation ( p]sonality4 ,footnote #ia3 ,au%hl5 muss4 ,we %\ld r say t ! allegori/ is =c$ to att5uate 7lit4 holl[ out7 ! sub/ance ( subjectivity1 etc4 ,b ,i h left ! m lit]al r5d]+4 ,footnote #ib3 ,9 ! ,g]man fass51 begreif54 ,footnote #ic3 ,e9] konkret5 ,ans*auung4 ,t is1 a quality or feature t belongs to ! ph5om5a ( ! concrete _w ( p]ception4 ,footnote #id3 ,( c\rse ?is is n s 9 ! ,engli% equival5t1 :]e ! prim>y s5se is /ill mat]ial4 ,footnote #ie3 ,lit41 ,( expressions 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m4 ,footnote #if3 ,ihr ruhig] voll/ndig ausge/alt5d] ,s9n4 ,! mean+ t decl>es itself completely ?r\gh ! =m 9 classic repose4 ,footnote #ig3 ,ausfhrli*e1 explicit 9 all its detail4 ,footnote #ih3 ,das ,fr-si*-seyn4 ,footnote #ii3 ,i give ! lit]al translation4 ,i presume a m intelligible "o w\ld be b actual exi/5ce 9 its self-def9$ concret5ess4 ,! passage is n easy to foll[4 ,footnote #ajj3 _/ ,sil5t we p\nd$ up c>bon1 saltpet]1 & sulphur1 ,set ! tra9 go+4 ,good fri5d6 ,h[ did our crack] f9d y8 ,"s z illum9ate balls so>$ prodigi\s :ile o!rs explod$1 ,_m we fla%$ 9 our fun simply ! eye to delight4 _/ ,footnote #aja3 ,i f9d ?is analysis ( ! image m ?an usually difficult to foll[1 ,i h !re=e made my translation v lit]al4 ,i mu/ confess t ?is di/9ction betwe5 ! image & ! metaphor appe>s to me r an example ( hyp]-subtlety on ,hegel's "p1 or z "s might say1 an ef=t to make :at is virtually only a v]bal di/9ction correspond to a m real diff]5ce ( idea4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,t is ! emphatically p]sonal4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,die ,s*welg]ei4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,9 ! ,g]man ! s5t5ce is cont9u\s4 ,our v]sion cle>ly gives ano!r read+ to ! ,hebrew4 ,footnote #aje3 ,may be a mispr9t = ?y pres5ce1 de9e in/ead ( die4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,*apman's translation4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,*apman's translation1 some:at an ext5sion ( ! ,greek x mu/ be admitt$4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,!oretis*1 i4e41 9 contemplative repose4 ,footnote #aji3 ,su* ,i take to be ! contra/ impli$ 9 ! words d5 ,adel ihr] ,ges9nung & die ,ma*t ihr]s ,gem?s4 ,ges9nung is ! s5se-p]ception4 ,gem? includes ! creative f]tility4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,hi]1 i4e41 z contra/$ ) ! fir/ /age ( ! discussion4 ,footnote #aaa3 ,h5ry ,,iv1 ,"p ,,ii1 act i1 sc5e ,i4 ,footnote #aab3 ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii1 act iv1 sc4 #a4 ,footnote #aac3 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii1 act iii1 sc4 #a4 ,footnote #aad3 ,julius ,caes>1 act iv1 sc4 #c4 ,footnote #aae3 ,macbe?1 act v1 sc4 #e4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,h5ry ,,viii1 act iii1 sc4 #b4 ,footnote #aag3 ,antony & ,cleopatra1 act ,v1 sc4 #b4 ,footnote #aah3 ,! mean+ is t ! selection is n made m]ely ) ref]5ce to ext]nal resemblance1 b is also bas$ on relations only exi/+ 9 ! s\l ( ! arti/ & !re=e to t ext5t caprici\s1 h[ev] mu* !y appe> to be ess5tial4 ,footnote #aai3 ,e9 blosses ,soll51 lit41 a m]e %\ld1 a m]e movem5t 9 a giv5 direction4 ,footnote #abj3 ,?is is impli$ 9 ! contra/ ( ! v]bs um/alt5 & b]kleid54 ,,subsection ,,ii ,,! ,,classical ,,type ,,( ,,art ,,introduction ,,! ,,classic ,,type ,,9 ,,g5]al ,?r c5tral po9t#aba ( art's evolution is ! union1 9 a self-integrat$ totality1 c>ri$ to ! po9t ( its free/ expression1 ( cont5t & =m :olly adequate !reto4 ,?is realization1 co9cid+ z x does ) ! entire notional concept ( ! beautiful1 t[>ds :i* ! symbolic =m ( art /rove 9 va91 fir/ becomes app>5t 9 classical art4 ,we h already1 9 our previ\s consid]ation ( ! ,idea ( ! beautiful & ( art1 outl9$ ! g5]al "* ( classic art4 ,! ,ideal supplies a cont5t & =m to classical art1 :i* 9 ?is adequate mode 9 :i* x is embodi$ reveals t :i* true art is accord+ to its notion4 ,to p]fect ?is result1 h[ev]1 all ! v>i\s phases ( art1 ^: evolution is ! subject-matt] ( our previ\s inve/igations1 are contributive4 ,= classical beauty has = its ideal sub/ance#abb free & indep5d5t significance1 t is to say1 n ! significance ( any p>ticul> ?+1 b a significance :i* decl>es itself1 & !reby po9ts to its sub/ance4 ,?is is ! spiritual sub/ance1 :i* 9 g5]al t]ms is t :i* makes ( itself an object4 ,9 ?is objectification ( itself x possesses ! =m ( ext]nality1 :i*1 z id5tical ) its ideal "*1 is consequ5tly also on its own "p ! significance ( itself1 & is made consci\s ( itself by ?is self-k4 ,x is true t 9 our consid]ation ( ! symbolical our po9t ( dep>ture 0 t ( ! unity ( ! significance & its mode ( envisagem5t 9 ! art product2 b ?is unity 0 purely imm$iate1 & = ?is reason inadequate4 ,= ! real cont5t ei!r rema9$ ess5tially ! natural accord+ to its sub/ance & ab/ract univ]sality1 & consequ5tly ! isolat$ ?+ 9 ! objective _w ( ,nature#abc1 al?\gh x 0 reg>d$ z ! real det]m9ation ( t univ]sality1 0 n able to pres5t ! same 9 a mode adequate to x1 or t :i* is purely ideal1 & only to be appreh5d$ by _s1 9 s f> z x 0 receiv$ 9 ! arti/ic cont5t1 c>ri$ ) x 9 t :i* 0 =eign to its ess5tial nature1 namely ! imm$iate individual & s5su\s ?+1 ! mode ( its appe>ance t 0 9 fact incongru5t ) x4 ,& g5]ally "h significance & =m only /ood 9 ! relation ( m]e aff9ity & sugge/ion2 & h[ev] mu* 9 c]ta9 respects !y c\ld be br\ght toge!r homog5e\sly1 !y z cle>ly fell ap>t aga9 9 o!r directions4 ,?is orig9al unity 0 !re=e torn asund]2 ?is simple & ab/ract inw>dness or ideality 0 imag$ = ! ,h9doo conception ( ! _w on ! "o side 9 ! manifold reality ( ,nature1 & on ! o!r 9 f9ite human exi/5ce2 & ! imag9ation1 9 ! unre/ ( its impetu\s motion1 0 c>ri$ f ! "o to ! o!r by turns1 )\t be+ ei!r able to deliv] ! ideal 9 its ess5tially pure & absolute self-subsi/5cy1 or to ?or\ghly infuse x ) ! ph5om5al matt] z x 0 pres5t$ & in=m$1 & s reproduce x ?r\gh\t t mat]ial 9 undi/urb$ union4 ,! disord] & grotesque appe>ance1 :i* arose 9 ! comm+l+ ( elem5ts oppos$ to "o ano!r1 no d\bt aga9 vani%$1 b only to make way = an enigmatical condition equally unsatisfy+1 :i*1 in/ead ( solv+ ! problem1 0 only able to prev5t ! problem's solution4 ,= "h1 too1 /ill 0 lack+ ! fre$om & self-subsi/5cy ( cont5t1 :i* only !reby is r5d]$ explicit 9 t ! ,inw>d is pres5t$ to consci\sness z 9 itself a :ole1 & by ?is means z t :i* ov]laps ! ext]nality :i* 9 ! fir/ in/ance is o!r ?an itself & =eign to itself4 ,?is ess5tial self-subsi/5cy1 cogniz$ z free & absolute significance1 is self-consci\sness1 :i* has = its cont5t ! ,absolute1 & = its =m ! subjectivity ( ,_s4 ,9 contradi/9ction to ?is self-det]m9+1 ?9k+1 will+ p[] ev]y?+ else is self-subsi/5t 9 m]ely a relative & mom5t>y s5se4 ,! mat]ial ph5om5a ( ,nature su* z ! sun1 ! heav5s1 />s1 plants1 animals1 /ones1 /reams & sea h only an ab/ract relation to !mselves1 & are 9 ! et]nal process ( ,nature b\nd up ) o!r facts ( natural exi/5ce1 s t !y c only pass z self-subsi/5t = ! f9ite p]ception4 ,! real significance ( ! ,absolute is n pres5t$ 9 !m4 ,nature is inde$ "u a mode express$#abd1 b only "u ! mode ( :at is outside itself2 its inw>dness is n z su* = itself1 b p\r$ =? into ! v>i$ %[ ( its appe>ances1 & consequ5tly devoid ( self subsi/5cy4 ,only 9 ,_s z ! concrete1 free &1 inf9ite self-relation1 is ! true & absolute significance actually disclos$1 & self-subsi/5t "u ! mode ( its det]m9ate exi/5ce4 ,on ! way to ?is emancipation ( ! ,idea f ! imm$iately s5su\s m$ium & to its self-e/abli%m5t we are confront$ by ! ,sublime & ! consecration ( ! imag9ation4 ,! absolute significance is1 t is to say1 9 ! fir/ in/ance ! ?9k+1 absolute & s5seless#abe ,"o1 :i* is self-relat$ z ! ,absolute1 & 9 ?is relation affirms t :i* x creates2 ,nature & f9itude g5]ally1 z ! negative1 ?+1 t :i* is ess5tially 9 itself devoid ( /ability4 ,x is ! explicit & ess5tial ,univ]sal1 conceiv$ z ! objective p[] ov] collective exi/5ce1 :e!r x be t ?is ,"o be br\ght n[ to consci\sness & repres5t$ 9 its expressly negative attitude to ! creat$1 ?+1 or 9 its positively pan!i/ic inh]5ce 9 ! same4 ,! tw(old defect ( ?is po9t ( view1 s f> z x is connect$ ) art1 consi/s fir/ 9 ?is t ?is ,"o & ,univ]sal :i* con/itutes ! fundam5tal significance has n yet 9 itself arriv$ at ! clos] det]m9ation & di/9ction1 & by ?is means j z little at ! po9t ( real individuality & p]sonality 9 :i* x c\ld be appreh5d$ z ,_s1 & c\ld be set be=e ! s5su\s p]ception 9 a =m :i* w\ld be applicable to its spiritual cont5t1 accord+ to its own notion1 & duly con=mable !re)4 ,! concrete idea ( ,_s on ! contr>y requires1 t x bo? def9es & di/+ui%es itself 9 itself1 & by ! v act ( mak+ itself an object discov]s ?r\gh ?is r$uplication an ext]nal ph5om5on1 :i* al?\gh mat]ial & pres5t1 nev]!less is ?r\gh\t p]meat$ by ,_s1 & consequ5tly tak5 by itself expresses no?+ at all1 simply p]mitt+ ,_s to decl>e itself z its inn] core1 ! expression & reality ( :i* x is4 ,secondly1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! objective _w ! defect is b\nd up ) ?is ab/raction ( an ,absolute to :i* ! pr9ciple ( self-det]m9ation is lack+ t n[ also ! real ph5om5on1 be+ t :i* is ess5tially )\t sub/ance1 is unable to set =? "u any true mode ! ,absolute 9 concrete %ape4 ,9 contra/ to ^? songs ( praise & glory1 ^? celebrations ( ! ab/ract & univ]sal maje/y ( ,god1 we h n[ 9 ! passage we are mak+ to a high] =m ( art to recall to our m9ds t phase ( negativity1 *ange1 pa91 & progress ?r\gh life & dea?1 :i* we discov]$ among o!r matt] 9 ! conceptions ( ! ,ea/4 ,we h "h set be=e u ! pr9ciple ( self-di/9ction 9 its ess5tial "* "u a mode :i* is unable to unite ) its conception ! unity & self-subsi/5cy ( t subjective pr9ciple4 ,bo? aspects1 h[ev]1 bo? ! ess5tial & self-sub/antive unity1 & ! diff]5tiation ( t unity by virtue ( a self-def9$ cont5t1 are equally necess>y to unfold a true & free self-subsi/5cy 9 its concrete & m$iate totality4 ,9 ?is connection we may incid5tally1 toge!r ) ?is ref]5ce to ! ,sublime1 m5tion t fur!r conception :i* at ! same "t ent]$ on its process ( explication 9 ! ,ea/4 ,x is t appreh5sion1 9 opposition to ! sub/antiality ( ! "o ,god1 ( int]nal fre$om1 self-subsi/5cy & innate indep5d5ce ( ! individual1 s f> z ! elaboration ( ?is impulse 0 p]mitt$ to ,ea/]n nations4 ,! ma9 s\rce ( ?is attitude we mu/ seek = among ! ,arabs1 :o 9 _! des]ts1 ^u ! inf9ite sea ( ^! expanses1 ) ! cle> heav5s ov] _! heads1 9 a nature su* z ?is h emphasiz$ _! own c\rage & ! brav]y ( _! h&1 z also ! means ( _! self-pres]vation1 :e!r x be camel1 horse1 lance1 or sword4 ,"h we f9d ! m /ubborn indep5d5ce ( p]sonal "* ass]t+ itself 9 its contra/ to ! ,h9doo s(tness & lack ( individuality1 z also to ! m rec5t pan!ism ( ,mohamm$an poetry1 & oppos+ also to ! objective _w its circumscrib$1 securely def9$ & imm$iate reality4 ,) ?is incipi5t /age ( ! indep5d5ce ( ! individual we mu/ also associate free fri5d%ip1 hospitality1 & augu/ nobility1 b at ! same "t an insatiable lu/ ( rev5ge & ! inext+ui%able memory ( a hate1 :i* is insi/5t & w h satisfaction ) an unsp>+ passion & an absolutely remorseless cruelty4 ,none ! less all t happ5s on ?is soil is :olly )9 ! circle ( humanity4 ,we h "h de$s ( rev5ge1 conditions ( love1 traits ( self-sacrific+ nobility f :i* ! fanta/ic & ! wond]ful h vani%$2 ev]y?+ is c>ri$ =w>d 9 ! secure & det]m9ate %ape :i* ! causative connection ( ! facts necessitate4 ,a simil> conception ( real objects :i* are ref]r$ to _! det]m9ate basis ( actuality#abf1 & are made visible 9 _! free p[]1 n m]ely 9 t :i* cons]ves an ext]ior purpose#abg1 we discov]$ 9 an e>li] /age ( our inve/igations among ! ,hebrews4 ,! m assur$ indep5d5ce ( "*1 ! savag]y ( rev5ge & hate lie1 too1 at ! root ( ! orig9al ,jewi% nationality4 ,b ! diff]5ce is at once pron\nc$1 t 9 ?is case ev5 ! mo/ p[]ful images ( ,nature are depict$ less = _! own sake ?an = t ( ! glory ( ,god1 z relat$ to :i* !y at once aga9 lose _! self-subsi/5cy2 & fur!rmore ev5 hate & p]secution are n m]ely a p]sonal matt] affect+ p]sons1 b are embrac$ 9 ! s]vice ( ,god z national v5geance aga9/ :ole peoples4 ,z1 = example1 ! lat] ,psalms & yet m ! prophets frequ5tly only are able to desire & plead = ! mis=tune & ov]?r[ ( o!r nations1 & n unfrequ5tly f9d ! ma9 /r5g? ( _! utt]ance 9 curses & imprecations4 ,no d\bt ! elem5ts ( true beauty & art are pres5t$ to ea* ( ^! po9ts ( view above notic$2 b !y are 9 ! fir/ in/ance br\ght toge!r 9 haphaz>d & confus$ fa%ion1 & are set 9 a false relation to ea* o!r1 in/ead ( be+ ref]r$ to a g5u9e pr9ciple ( id5tity4 ,= ?is reason ! purely ideal & ab/ract unity ( ! ,div9e is unable to br+ =? any entirely adequate art-product 9 ! =m t is *>act]iz$ by real individuality2 & at ! same "t ,nature & human individuality ei!r are manife/ly n1 :e!r we consid] _! inw>d pr9ciple1 or _! ext]nal mode ( appe>ance1 p]meat$ by ! ,absolute1 or at lea/ n positively p]vad$ by x4 ,?is ext]nality ( significance1 :i* is ?us made ! ess5tial cont5t1 & ! det]m9ate mode ( appe>ance "u :i* x is g5]ally reproduc$ is f9ally & 9 ! ?ird place exemplifi$ 9 ! comp>ative activity ( art#abh4 ,9 ?is type bo? sides h become :olly indep5d5t1 & ! unity t b9ds !m toge!r is m]ely ! invisible subjectivity :i* comp>es4 ,= ?is v reason t :i* is defective 9 su* an ext]nal pres5tm5t return$ 9 ev] m emphatic degree & betray$ itself z t :i* 0 = ! g5u9e art repres5tation m]ely negative or1 r1 entirely subv]sive4 ,& :5 ?is dissolution is really effect$ ! significance c no long] rema9 ! inh]5tly ab/ract ideal1 b ! inh]5tly det]m9ate & self-def9$ ideal pr9ciple1 :i* 9 ?is its concrete totality possesses q z ess5tially ! o!r aspect !re(1 t is1 ! =m ( an inh]5tly exclusive & det]m9ate appe>ance2 & consequ5tly 9 its ext]nal exi/5ce1 z t :i* is its v own1 m]ely expresses & signifies itself4 #a4 ,?is ess5tially free totality :i* rema9s con/ant to itself ?r\gh\t ea* successive self-det]m9ation 9 some?+ o!r ?an itself1 ?is ideal pr9ciple1 :i* 9 its objectivity is self-relat$ is ! ess5tially true1 free1 & self-subsi/5t1 :i* 9 its det]m9ate exi/5ce unfolds no?+ o!r ?an itself4 ,9 ! realm ( art1 h[ev]1 ?is =m is n pres5t 9 its =m ( inf9itude1 is n1 t is1 ! ?9k+ ( itself1 z ! ess5tial1 absolute1 :i* is made an object = itself 9 ! =m ( ideal univ]sality1 & makes itself1 :olly explicit1 b is /ill 9 imm$iate natural & s5su\s exi/5ce4 ,9 s f>1 h[ev]1 z significance is self-sub/antive1 x mu/ 9 art borr[ its =m f its own res\rces & inh]5tly possess ! pr9ciple ( its ext]nality4 ,x mu/ consequ5tly1 x is true1 repair to ,nature1 b z pr$om9ant ov] t :i* is ext]nal1 :i*1 9 s f> z x is itself an aspect ( ! totality ( ?is ideal realm1 no long] exi/s z purely natural objectivity1 b be+ )\t its own self-subsi/5ce1 simply s]ves z ! expression ( ,_s4 ,9 ?is int]p5etration consequ5tly ! natural =m & ext]nality1 :i* is modifi$ by ,_s conta9s out & out on its "p1 z imm$iately giv51 its significance 9 itself1 & no long] po9ts to ?is z to some?+ sep>ate & diff]5t f ! corporeal appe>ance4 ,& ?is is t id5tification ( ! spiritual & natural :i* is appropriate to ! notion ( ,_s1 :i*1 t is1 does n m]ely proce$ no fur!r ?an ! neutralization ( ! two oppos$ aspects1 b raises t :i* is spiritual into ! high] totality1 9 :i* x is able to pres]ve itself 9 its own ,o!r1 to br+ ! natural )9 its own ideal range & to express itself 9 & relatively to ! natural4 ,x is on ?is type ( unity t ! notion ( classical art is bas$4 7a7 ,?is id5tity ( significance & bodily =m may be approa*$ yet m closely "u ! view ( x t no sep>ation ( ^! oppos$ aspects#abi takes place )9 _! consummat$ union2 & consequ5tly ! ideal pr9ciple does n1 z purely inw>d spirituality1 return ^u itself f out ( ! corporeal & concrete reality1 "u a process :i* w\ld give u once m ! di/9ction ( ^! aspects 9 opposition4 ,& inasmu* z ! objective & ext]nal1 9 :i* ,_s is made visible z an object ( s5se1 accord+ to ! v notion ( x1 is at once ?r\gh\t def9$ & sep>ate1 m9d :i* is free1 & :i* x is ! function ( art to elaborate 9 ! =m ( reality truly comm5surate ) x1 c only be t spiritual individuality :i* is n m]ely def9$ b ess5tially self-consi/5t 9 its natural =m4 ,= ?is reason x is ! human :i* con/itutes ! c5tre & cont5t ( true beauty & art2 b z cont5t ( art--we h already develop$ ! subject 9 discuss+ ! notion ( ! ,ideal--x is br\ght "u ! ess5tial det]m9ation ( concrete individuality & ! ext]nal appe>ance adequate !reto1 :i* 9 its objectivization has be5 ?us purifi$ f ! imp]fection ( ! f9ite condition4 7b7 ,"u su* a consid]ation ( ! matt] x is at once obvi\s t ! classical mode ( repres5tation1 if we take x = :at x ess5tially is1 c no long] be ( ! symbolic type 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m1 h[ev] mu* n[ & aga9 we may f9d along ) x ! play ( t :i* belongs to symbolism4 ,greek my?ology1 = example1 :i*1 9 s f> z art ass]ts its ma/]y ov] x1 belongs to ! classical ,ideal1 is1 if we grasp x 9 its fundam5tal "*1 n ( a beauty :i* is symbolical1 b unfold$ "u ! g5u9e "* ( ! ,art-ideal1 albeit !re may be c]ta9 remnants ( symbolism :i* adh]e to x1 z we %all %ortly see4 ,if we n[ proce$ to ask ourselves :at1 !n1 is ! nature ( ! det]m9ate =m1 :i* c ?us ent] into ?is unity ) ,_s )\t (f]+ m]ely ! sugge/ion ( its cont5t1 we %all f9d x det]m9$ = u 9 ! conception t 9 classical art bo? cont5t & =m mu/ be adequate1 mu/1 t is1 9 ! aspect ( =m meet ! dem&s ( totality & ess5tial self-subsi/5cy4 ,= x is a prime condition ( ! free self-subsi/5ce#acj ( ! :ole1 :i* con/itutes ! fundam5tal det]m9ation ( classical art1 t ei!r ( ^! aspects1 ! ideal =m no less ?an its ext]nal embodim5t1 %\ld be ess5tially a totality :i* goes to make ! notion ( ! :ole4 ,only by ?is means is ei!r side ess5tially id5tical ) ! o!r1 & consequ5tly _! diff]5ce r$uc$ to ! purely =mal diff]5ces ( "o & ! same1 ?r\gh :i* also ! totality appe>s n[ z free1 ! adequacy ( bo? ( its aspects be+ n[ fully display$1 inasmu* z x decl>es itself 9 ei!r ( !m & is "o & ! same 9 bo?4 ,! lack ( ?is free r$uplication ( itself )9 ! same unity c>ri$ ) x 9 ! symbolic type precisely ?is abs5ce ( fre$om 9 ! cont5t & ) x also 9 ! =m4 ,_s 0 "h n cle> to itself1 & = ?is reason decl>$ its ext]nal reality n z t :i* belong$ to itself1 set =? 9 its explicit significance ?r\gh & 9 x4 ,conv]sely ! =m _h no d\bt to be significant1 b its significance only lay p>tly & on "o side 9 x4 ,! ext]nal exi/5ce gave "h prim>ily to :at pass$ = its ideal aspect1 ?\gh /ill "u a mode t 0 ext]nal1 m]ely itself in/ead ( a significance :i* decl>$ an ideal cont5t2 & 9 attempt+ to %[ t !re 0 some?+ fur!r :i* x sugge/$ its p[] 0 necess>ily put "u a con/ra9t4 ,9 ?is di/ortion x nei!r rema9$ true to itself1 nor 0 x ! ,o!r1 t is significance1 b decl>$ no?+ save t :i* 0 a problematical connection & confusion betwe5 incompatible ?+s1 or t5d$ to be ! purely co-adjutant attire & ext]nal adornm5t ( :at 0 simply ! glorification ( ! "o absolute significance ( all ?+s :atev]1 until x 0 f9ally oblig$ to surr5d] itself to ! purely subjective caprice ( comp>ison ) a significance :i* 0 f> remov$ f x & indiff]5t to x4 ,if ?is relation ( unfre$om is to f9d a release ! =m mu/ already inh]5tly possess its significance1 or1 to speak m def9itely1 mu/ possess ! significance ( m9d or ,_s itself4 ,?is =m is ess5tially ! human =m because ! ext]nality ( ?is =m is alone capable ( reveal+ ! spiritual 9 s5su\s guise4 ,human expression 9 c\nt5ance1 eye1 pose1 & c>riage is1 x is true1 mat]ial & !re9 n t :i* ! _s is2 b )9 ?is corporeal frame itself ! human ext]ior is n m]ely alive & a "p ( ,nature z ! animal is1 b x is ! bodily pres5ce :i* reflects ,_s to itself4 ,?r\gh ! human eye we look into ! s\l ( a man j z ?r\gh ! entire pres5tm5t ( him 8 spiritual "* is express$4 ,:5 consequ5tly ! body belongs to ,_s1 z its det]m9ate pres5ce1 ,_s is also t ideal pr9ciple :i* is appropriate to ! body1 & is no =m ( ideality :i* is =eign to ! ext]nal =m 9 ! s5se t mat]iality /ill inh]5tly possesses a significance o!r ?an t to :i* x te/ifies or sugge/s4 ,x is q true t ! human =m /ill c>ries )9 x mu* ( ! univ]sal animal type1 b ! fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 ! human & ! animal body consi/s simply 9 ?is1 t ! human is obvi\sly1 by virtue ( its entire con=mation1 decl>$ z ! dwell+1 nay1 we may add ! only possible dwell+-place ( ,_s4 ,& = ?is reason also x is only 9 ! body t ,_s is imm$iately pres5t to o!rs4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 n ! place to discuss ! necessity#aca ( ?is association & ! peculi> reciprocity ( s\l & body4 ,we mu/ "h assume ?is necessity4 ,we h1 ( c\rse1 _m indications on ! human figure ( dea? & ugl9ess1 t is1 ( o!r influ5ces & defects :i* are traceable to _! s\rce4 ,:5 we f9d ?is to be ! case x is ! function ( art to expunge ! div]g5ce betwe5 ! purely natural & ! spiritual1 to exalt ! ext]nal bodily appe>ance to a =m ( beauty1 t is1 a =m ?r\gh\t dom9at$ & suffus$ ) ! animation ( ,_s4 ,we h se51 !n1 t 9 ?is type ( repres5tation symbolism is no long] pres5t$ by ! ext]nal relation1 & ev]y?+ t p>took ( ef=t1 /ra91 di/ortion1 & p]v]sion is elim9at$4 ,= :5 ,_s has grasp$ itself z ,_s x is at once explicit & cle>2 & on ! same gr\nd is also its association ) ! =m adequate to x f ! side ( ext]nality1 some?+ :i* is ess5tially ready to ! h& & a free gift1 :i* does n require1 z a means = its decl>ation1 a bond ( connection introduc$ by ! imag9ation1 & contra/+ ) t :i* is imm$iately pres5t$4 ,j z little is ! classical =m ( art exhibit$ z a purely mat]ial & sup]ficial p]sonification4 ,x is ,_s 9 its entirety1 9 s f> z x is int5d$ to make x ! cont5t ( ! art-product1 :i* passes into t bodily %ape1 & is able to id5tify itself completely ) x4 ,f ?is po9t ( view we may consid]] ! conception t art has foll[$ ! human figure by means ( imitation4 ,accord+ to ! common view1 h[ev]1 ?is acceptance ( ! human figure z ! model ( imitation appe>s z a matt] ( accid5t1 :]eas we %\ld r ma9ta9 ! art :i* has arriv$ at its maturity is oblig$ to reveal its sub/ance by a necess>y law 9 ! =m ( man z he appe>s to s5se p]ception1 because ,_s alone obta9s 9 x ! exi/5ce fitt+ to x 9 ! s5su\s mat]ial ( ,nature4 ,all t we h "h obs]v$ relatively to ! human body & its expression applies also to human emotions1 impulses1 actions1 exp]i5ces1 & occupations4 ,! ext]nalization ( ^! is also1 9 classical art1 n m]ely *>act]iz$ z a "p ( ,nature's life1 b z t ( ,_s2 & ?is ideal aspect is br\ght into full & adequate id5tity ) t :i* is ext]nal appe>ance4 7c7 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z classical art compreh5ds free spirituality z det]m9ate individuality1 & imm$iately envisages ! same 9 its bodily pres5tm5t1 x frequ5tly falls "u ! reproa* ( an?ropomorphism4 ,ev5 among ! ,greeks1 to take an example1 ,x5ophanes ridicul$ ! pres5tation ( ,gods by means ( ! s5su\s image 9 8 fam\s rem>k1 t if lions _h be5 sculptors !y w\ld h giv5 _! gods ! ext]nal %ape ( lions4 ,( a simil> t5d5cy is t piece ( ,fr5* wit3 ,god made m5 accord+ to ,8 image1 b man has return$ ,him ! complim5t by creat+ ,god 9 ! image ( man4 ,if we consid] ! matt] relatively to ! =m ( art t foll[s1 ! romantic1 we may 9 ?is respect obs]ve t ! cont5t ( ! classical =m ( beauty is no d\bt defective precisely z ! religion ( art is s2 b s little does ! defect consi/ 9 an?ropomorphism z su*1 t we may r ma9ta91 on ! contr>y1 t ?\gh classical art is c]ta9ly suffici5tly an?ropomorphic = art1 = ! high] =m ( religion x is n en\gh s4 ,*ri/ianity has c>ri$ an?ropomorphism to f> great] l5g?s2 =1 accord+ to ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 ,god is n m]ely individuality 9 a human =m1 b a real & s+ul> individual entirely ,god1 & entirely a real man :o has ent]$ into all conditions ( exi/5ce1 & is no m]e ,ideal ( beauty & art creat$ by man4 ,if our conception ( ! ,absolute is limit$ to an ab/ract ,be+ ess5tially )\t any *>act]ization !n1 no d\bt1 e k9d ( repres5tation vani%es1 b if ,god is ,_s he mu/ appe> z man1 z individual subject1 n z ideal human be+1 b z actual p>ticipator 9 ! entire ext]nality ( temporal conditions#acb :i* p]ta9 to imm$iate & natural exi/5ce4 ,9 o!r words1 f ! ,*ri/ian po9t ( view1 ! inf9ite movem5t is c>ri$ to ! extreme/ v]ge ( opposition1 & only returns to ! absolute unity z ! resolution ( ?is sep>ation4 ,! man-becom+ ( ,god is incid5t to ?is phase or significant mom5t ( sep>ation2 z real & individual subjectivity x is involv$ 9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 unity & sub/ance 9 its b>e ext5sion1 & 9 ?is common sph]e ( temporal & spatial condition creates ! consci\sness 9 & pa9 ( division 9 ord] ?r\gh ! ultimate resolution ( su* contradiction by ! same means to arrive at et]nal reconciliation4 ,& ?is ess5tial po9t ( passage 9 ! process1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian conception1 is inh]5t 9 ! nature ( ,god ,himself4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,god is "h appreh5d$ z absolute & free ,_s1 9 :i* ,nature & imm$iate s+ul>ity is inde$ pr(]r$ u z a phasal mom5t ( a process1 b1 at ! same "t1 z "o :i* is necess>ily transc5d$#acc4 ,9 classical art1 on ! contr>y1 ! mat]ial m$ium is nei!r kill$ nor suff]s dea?1 b = ?is reason also we _c :olly f9d 9 x ! resurrection ( ,_s4 ,classical art & its religion ( beauty does n consequ5tly :olly satisfy ! dep?s ( ,_s4 ,h[ev] ess5tially concrete x may be1 x /ill rema9s ab/ract = humanity because1 in/ead ( movem5t & reconciliation obta9$ by ! contradiction we h adv]t$ to ( t inf9ite subjective process1 x m]ely possesses z its life t undi/urb$ h>mony ( ! free individuality det]m9$ 9 its adequate exi/5ce1 ?is repose 9 its reality1 ?is happ9ess1 ?is cont5t & greatness 9 itself1 ?is et]nal bli!ness & bliss :i* ev5 9 unhapp9ess & pa9 does n lose its secure reliance on itself4 ,classical art has n work$ its way to ! full contradiction :i* is fundam5tally involv$ 9 ! notion ( ! ,absolute & ov]come t contradiction4 ,= ?is reason x does n recognize ! aspect :i* is 9 close relation to ?is contradiction1 t is ! ess5tial obduracy ( ! subject z oppos$ to t :i* is e?ical & ( absolute significance1 namely1 s9 & evil1 no less ?an ! wa/e ( individual life 9 its own subjective aims1 ! dissolution & incont95ce ( t _w :i* we may summ>ily describe z t ( ! entire sph]e ( its divisions1 :i* is productive on ! side bo? ( s5se & _s ( di/ortion1 ugl9ess1 & ! repulsive4 ,classical art fails to cross ! pure t]ritory ( ! g5u9e ,ideal4 #b4 ,9 s f> z ! hi/orical realization ( classical art is conc]n$1 x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve t we mu/ seek = t among ! ,greeks4 ,classical beauty1 ) its inf9ite range ( cont5t1 mat]ial & =m1 is ! gift be/[$ on ! ,greek p2 & ?is folk is entitl$ to our respect on ! gr\nd t x has produc$ art 9 its highe/ =m ( vitality4 ,! ,greeks1 if we reg>d ! =m ( _! realiz$ life imm$iately pres5t$ u1 liv$ 9 t happy middle sph]e ( self-consci\s & subjective fre$om & sub/antive e?ical life4 ,!y did n p]si/1 on ! "o h&1 9 ! unfree ,ori5tal unity1 :i* is necess>ily b\nd up ) a religi\s & political despotism = ! reason t ! individuality ( ! subject is ov]:elm$ 9 a univ]sal sub/ance1 or1 9 "s p>ticul> aspect ( ! same1 because x has ess5tially z p]sonality no "r1 & consequ5tly no gr\nd to /& on2 nei!r1 on ! o!r1 did !y pass beyond to t subjective p5etration1 9 :i* ! p>ticul> subject sep>ates itself f ! :ole & ! univ]sal1 9 ord] to make itself m explicit 9 its ideality2 & only ?r\gh a high] return to ! ideal totality ( a purely spiritual _w1 succe$s 9 its f9al purification ( ! sub/antive & ess5tial4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ! e?ical life ( ,greece1 ! individual 0 self-sub/antive & ess5tially free1 )\t dis5gag+ himself f ! g5]al int]e/s ( ! realiz$ ,/ate imm$iately visible to him & ! positive imman5ce ( spiritual fre$om 9 ! temporal condition4 ,! univ]sal ( morality & ! ab/ract fre$om ( p]sonality1 bo? 9 its ideal & ext]nal aspect1 rema9s 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple ( ,greek life 9 undi/urb$ h>mony1 & dur+ ! "t 9 :i*1 ev5 9 real exi/5ce1 ?is pr9ciple ass]t$ itself 9 /ill unimpair$ purity1 ! self-sub/antiality ( ! citiz5 did n /& =? 9 relief 9 contra/ to a morality :i* 0 to be di/+ui%$ f x3 ! sub/ance ( political life 0 s f> m]g$ 9 ! individual1 z he on 8 "p s\ght 8 own lib]ty absolutely 9 ! univ]sal ends ( ! entire civic life4 ,! feel+ = beauty1 ! significance & _s ( ?is joy\s h>mony int]p5etrates all productions1 9 :i* ! fre$om ( ,greece is self-consci\s1 & 9 :i* %e has made visible to h]self h] be+4 ,consequ5tly h] view ( ! _w is j ! midway gr\nd on :i* beauty comm5ces its true life & breaks op5 its s]5e dom9ion2 ! int]m$iate realm1 t is1 ( free vitality1 :i* is n m]ely a fact at once imm$iate & natural1 b "o :i* is ! creation ( a spiritual po9t ( view reveal$ by art1 ! realm1 t is1 ( a culture ( reflection1 & at ! same "t ( an abs5ce ( reflection1 :i* nei!r isolates ! individual nor on ! o!r h& is compet5t to br+ back aga9 its negativity1 pa91 & unhapp9ess to a positive unity & reconciliation--a realm1 h[ev]1 :i*1 j z 9 ! case ( ,life itself1 is at ! same "t only a po9t ( passage1 h[ev] true x be t x scales at ?is po9t ! summit ( beauty1 & 9 ! =m ( its pla/ic individuality is s spiritually concrete & ri*1 t all tones h _! int]play )9 x1 & also1 too1 t :i* is = its own /&po9t :at lies beh9d x1 albeit x is no long] pres5t z an absolute & unqualifi$ pr9ciple1 is nev]!less felt z t :i* accompanies x--a k9d ( backgr\nd to x4 ,9 ?is s5se ! ,greek nation has also1 9 ! repres5tation ( its gods1 made its _s visible to ! p]ceptions & ! imag9ative consci\sness1 & be/[$ on !m1 by means ( art a det]m9ate exi/5ce1 :i* is entirely con=mable ) _! true cont5t4 ,by virtue ( ?is homog5e\s =m1 :i* is alike consi/5t ) ! fundam5tal notion ( ,greek art & ,greek my?ology1 art became 9 ,greece ! highe/ expression = ! ,absolute1 & ,greek religion is ! religion ( art itself1 :]eas romantic art1 :i* appe>$ lat]1 al?\gh x is und\bt$ly art1 sugge/s a m exalt$ =m ( consci\sness ?an art is 9 a position to supply4 #c4 ,9 e/abli%+ ! position1 z we h j done1 on ! "o h&1 t ess5tially free individuality is ! cont5t ( classical art1 &1 on ! o!r1 t a l fre$om is ! equally requisite det]m9ant ( ! =m1 we h already assum$ t ! entire bl5d+ ( bo? toge!r1 h[ev] mu* x may be pres5t$ 9 ! imm$iate =m1 is nev]!less no orig9al unity su* z ,nature's1 b is necess>ily an artificial association made possible by ! subjective _s4 ,classical art1 9 s f> z its cont5t & its =m is spontaneity#acd1 orig9ates 9 ! fre$om ( ! ,_s t is cle> to itself4 ,& = ?is reason also we may say t 9 ! ?ird place ! arti/ occupies a position diff]5t f t ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,t is to say 8 production decl>es itself z ! spontane\s product ( a man 9 ! full possession ( 8 s5ses#ace1 :o z truly kn[s :at he wills z he is able to accompli% su* a purpose2 :o is consequ5tly obscure to himself nei!r 9 respect to ! significance & sub/antive cont5t ( t :i* he has resolv$ to make visible 9 ! =m ( art1 nor f9ds himself h9d]$ by any defects ( te*nique f execut+ ! result aim$ aft]4 7a7 ,if we look m closely at ?is *ange 9 ! position ( ! arti/ we %all 9 ! fir/ place f9d ?is fre$om ann\nc$ to u relatively to ! cont5t 9 ?is way1 t he does n feel compell$ to seek = x ) ! re/less process ( symbolical f]m5tation4 ,symbolic art rema9s ! captive ( its travail to br+ to bir? & make cle> its =m to its own vision1 & ?is embodim5t is itself only ! orig9al =m#acf1 t is1 on ! "o side ,be+ 9 ! imm$iate guise ( ,nature1 & on ! o!r ! ideal ab/raction ( ! univ]sal1 unity1 conv]sion1 *ange1 becom+1 orig9ation1 & pass+ away4 ,9 ?is orig9al =m ( ! arti/ic process1 h[ev]1 art does n come to its rightful possessions4 ,consequ5tly1 ^! repres5tations ( symbolic art1 :i* %\ld be expositions ( cont5t1 rema9 /ill !mselves riddles & problems1 & m]ely te/ify to ! /ruggle aft] cl>ity & ! ef=t ( ,_s1 :i* on & on seeks to discov] )\t obta9+ ! re/ & repose ( discov]y4 ,9 contra/ to ?is tr\bl\s se>* ! cont5t mu/ = ! classic arti/ be pres5t$ him z some?+ already !re 9 ! s5se t z a ?+ ess5tially positive1 z belief1 popul> op9ion1 or z an actual ev5t ei!r ( my? or tradition1 x is det]m9$ = 8 imag9ation 9 all its ess5tial "*4 ,relatively to ?is objectively det]m9$ mat]ial ! arti/ is plac$ 9 ! fre] relation t he does n himself und]take ! process ( production & f]m5tation1 & pass no fur!r ?an ! impulse aft] ! real significances ( 8 art1 b r t = him a completely explicit & unfold$ cont5t lies be=e him :i* he accepts & freely reproduces f himself4 ,! ,greek arti/s receiv$ _! mat]ial f ! popul> religion 9 :i* already t :i* _h be5 br\ght ov] to ,greece f ! ,ori5t _h begun to receive a =m ( its own4 ,pheidias borr[$ 8 ,zeus f ,hom]1 & o!r trag$ians also did n create ! fundam5tal gr\ndwork ( t !y repres5t$4 ,9 ! same way ! arti/s ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,dante & ,raphael1 h only reclo!d :at 0 already to h& 9 ! doctr9es ( _! fai? & _! religi\s conceptions4 ,?is is also1 x is true1 f a c]ta9 po9t ( view 9 l mann] ! case 9 ! art ( ! ,sublime1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t "h ! relation to ! cont5t1 z ! "o sub/ance1 does n p]mit subjectivity to come by its j claims1 & all[s to x no self-sub/antive f9ality4 ,! comp>ative =m ( art1 on ! o!r h&1 no d\bt />ts ) ! selection ( significances z images :i* x makes use (1 b ?is initiative ( selection rema9s at ! disposition ( subjective caprice1 & on its "p disp5ses ) all sub/antive individuality1 :i* con/itutes ! notion ( classical art1 & = ?is reason mu/ re/ ) ! p]sonality :i* creates x4 7b7 ,! m1 h[ev]1 an explicitly unfold$ cont5t is pres5t = ! arti/ 9 popul> beliefs1 my?1 & o!r actual facts1 ! m 8 en]gy is conc5trat$ ^u ! object ( end[+ su* a cont5t ) ! ext]nal embodim5t ( art fitt+ to x4 ,:ile 9 ?is respect symbolic art dissipates its res\rces 9 a ?\s& =ms1 & ) unbridl$ imag9ative p[] lays ab\t x = mat]ial t x fails ei!r to measure or def9e 9 ord] to adapt =ms t are nev] really con=mable to ! significance x is seek+ aft]1 ! classical arti/ 9 ?is respect is possess$ ( an aim t is at once resolute & def9ite4 ,t is to say1 ! free =m is ) ! cont5t itself def9$ ?r\gh t cont5t1 & is ess5tially p]t95t to su* cont5t1 s t ! arti/ only appe>s to execute :at is already accordant ) ! fundam5tal conception ( :at is pres5t$ him4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ! symbolic arti/ /rives 9 8 imag9ation1 to suit ! =m to significance or vice v]sa1 ! classic arti/ adapts significance to pla/ic %ape by means ( ! process ( free+ ! ext]nal ph5om5a :i* are already pres5t$ f t "p ( !m :i* is m]ely an incid5tal product4 ,9 ?is activity1 h[ev]1 al?\gh all t is purely 8 caprice is exclud$1 8 productive p[] n m]ely foll[s or is n m]ely limit$ to a b>e type1 b is at ! same "t creative ?r\gh\t ! :ole4 ,art :i*1 to />t )1 is =c$ to seek out & discov] its true =m neglects = t reason ! v aspect ( =m2 b :]e1 on ! contr>y1 ! build+ up ( =m is made ! ess5tial int]e/ & ! ma9 task !re we f9d ! cont5t also receives its pla/ic %ape by imp]ceptible degrees ?r\gh ! process ( ! reproduction1 precisely z we h hi!rto f\nd 9 a g5]al way t =m & cont5t proce$ h& 9 h& dur+ ! process1 :]e9 !y are complet$4 ,9 ?is respect ! classic arti/ elaborates ! result also :]e x is a religi\s _w t is pres5t$ him2 he ?r\gh\t develops 9 ! free & buoyant m$ium ( 8 art ! mat]ial & my?ological ideas :i* he receives4 7c7 ,! same applies to ! te*nique ( art4 ,9 ! case ( ! classic arti/ ! +r$i5ts mu/ be already to h&2 ! s5su\s mat]ial ?r\gh :i* ! arti/ lab\rs mu/ already be dis5gag$ f all brittl5ess & extreme /ubbornness1 & yield directly to ! aims ( ! arti/1 9 ord] t ! cont5t1 con=mably to ! notion ( ! classic type1 may make its free & unfett]$ way ?r\gh ?is ext]nal m$ium4 ,to classical art1 consequ5tly1 belongs f ! fir/ a high level ( te*nical ability1 :i* has subject$ ! s5su\s mat]ial to an apt subs]vi5ce4 ,su* a te*nical p]fection1 if x is really to c>ry out all t is requir$ ( ,_s & its conceptions1 is presuppos$ by ! complete elaboration ( all t p]ta9s to craftsman%ip 9 art1 t is1 9 especial degree ( t :i* makes itself visible )9 ! pla/ic =ms ( ! religion to :i* we n[ ref]4 ,! religi\s view ( ?+s1 su* z ! ,egyptian1 = example1 discov]s1 t is1 def9ite ext]nal =ms1 idols1 colossal con/ructions ^: type rema9s fix$1 &1 fur!r1 9 ! usual simil>ity ( =ms & %apes1 supplies a consid]able field = elaboration 9 ! treatm5t ( x by ! /eadily progressive executive p[]s4 ,?is adaptability to ! tal5ts ( ! craftsman mu/ already h be5 pres5t$ 9 t :i* is ( an inf]ior & di/ort$ type be=e ! g5ius ( classical beauty c associate ^! p[]s ( me*anical facility ) ! =ms ( te*nical p]fection4 ,!n1 at la/1 :5 t :i* is purely me*anical "w is confront$ ) no fur!r insup]able difficulty1 is art enabl$ to proce$ 9 ! elaboration ( a =m1 ! practice 9 work+ out :i* is at ! same "t an elaboration :i* is 9 ! close/ relation%ip to ! progressive advance ( bo? cont5t & =m4 ,s f> z ! division ( classical art is conc]n$ x is usual 9 ! m g5]al s5se ( ! t]m to call e complete "w ( art classic1 :atev] ! p>ticul> "* x may o!rwise c>ry1 :e!r symbolic or romantic4 ,we h no d\bt ?us accept$ x 9 ! p>ticul> s5se ( art p]fection1 b ) ?is important qualification1 t ?is p]fection mu/ be bas$ on ! ?or\gh int]p5etration ( ideal & free individuality & ext]nal def9ition4 ,we consequ5tly diff]5tiate ! classic =m expressly f ! symbolic & romantic1 ^: beauty 9 cont5t & =m is entirely ( ano!r k9d4 ,& along ) ! classic1 reg>d$ 9 its usual & m indef9ite significance1 we h z little to d "h at ?is e>ly /age ) ! p>ticul> arts 9 :i* ! classical ideal is repres5t$1 z1 = example1 sculpture1 ! ,epic1 def9ite =ms ( lyrical poetry & specific types ( trag$y & com$y4 ,^! p>ticul> types ( art1 al?\gh classic art is impr9t$ ^u !m1 w be fir/ discuss$ 9 ! ?ird portion ( ! division ( our subject 9 ! explication ( ! sev]al arts & _! grades#acg4 ,:at we approa* m imm$iately n[ is ! classic 9 ! s5se we h secur$ = ! t]m1 & z bases ( our subdivision we c only !re=e seek out ! grades ( evolution1 :i* proce$ f ?is notion ( ! classical ideal itself4 ,! ess5tial phases ( ?is developm5t are z foll[s4 ,! fir/ po9t to :i* we w\ld direct our att5tion is ?is1 t ! classical type ( art is n to be appreh5d$ z 0 ! case ) ! symbolic type z imm$iately prim>y1 z art's comm5cem5t1 b1 on ! contr>y1 z its result4 ,we h evolv$ x1 consequ5tly1 9 ! fir/ in/ance f ! c\rse ( ! symbolic modes ( repres5tation1 :i* x presupposes4 ,! ess5tial feature on :i* ?is process turn$ 0 ! conc5tration ( cont5t 9 ! elucidation ( an ess5tially self-consci\s individuality1 :i* c nei!r employ = its expression ! m]e natural =m1 :e!r x be t ( ! elem5ts or animals1 nor ! defective & confus$ p]sonification ( ! human figure ) x1 b receives its expression 9 ! animation ( ! human body p]meat$ ?r\gh\t ) ! brea? ( ,_s4 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z ! ess5ce ( fre$om consi/s 9 ?is1 to be t :i* x is ?r\gh its own res\rces1 t :i* 9 ! fir/ place appe>$ purely z ! presupposition & condition ( its orig9 outside ! sph]e ( classical art mu/ take its place )9 ! circle peculi> to ! same 9 ord] to make really visible ! true cont5t & ! g5u9e =m by means ( ! subjection ( :at is uncon=mable to & ! negation ( ! ,ideal4 ,?is process ( con=mation ?r\gh negation1 ?is process by means ( :i*1 :e!r we view x relatively to cont5t or =m1 ! g5u9e type ( classical beauty begets itself f its own sub/ance is consequ5tly our po9t ( dep>ture1 & we %all treat ( t 9 our fir/ *apt]4 ,9 ! second *apt]1 on ! o!r h&1 we h rea*$ by means ( ?is process ! true ,ideal ( ! classical type ( art4 ,we f9d "h z ! c5tral fact ! fair & novel _w ( ! gods ( ,greece1 :i* x w be incumb5t on u to develop exhau/ively f )91 bo? 9 its aspects ( spiritual individualization1 & ^? :i* are relat$ to ! bodily =m ) :i* su* individuality is imm$iately associat$4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 h[ev]1 ! notion ( classical art implies conv]sely1 along ) ?is becom+ ( ! beauty :i* spr+s f itself1 also ! dissolution ( t creation1 :i* w c>ry u into a fur!r sph]e1 namely1 t ( ! romantic type ( art4 ,! gods & human individuals ( classic beauty j z !y rise s1 too1 pass away once m f ! art-consci\sness1 :i* 9 "p turns r\nd 9 opposition to ! aspect ( ,nature t /ill p]si/s1 9 :i* ,greek art1 9 fact1 _h elaborat$ itself 9 ! full p]fection ( beauty1 9 "p transc5ds an undeific#ach1 defective1 & vulg> mode ( reality 9 ord] to reveal t :i* is false & purely negative !re94 ,9 ?is dissolution1 ^: arti/ic activity we %all take z ! mat]ial ( our ?ird *apt]1 ! specific phases 9 ! process1 :i* creat$ ! truly classical type 9 t h>mony pres5t$ by ! p]fect fusion ( imm$iate beauty1 fall ap>t4 ,! ideal ess5ce is made explicit on ! "o side 9 its indep5d5ce ( ! ext]nal mode ( its exi/5ce on ! o!r4 ,subjectivity )draws into itself1 = ! reason t x fails n[ to f9d an adequate realization 9 ! =ms hi!rto employ$1 & is con/ra9$ to enl>ge itself ) ! full] cont5t ( a new spiritual _w ( absolute fre$om & inf9ity1 look+ ab\t = novel means ( express+ ?is pr(\nd] grasp ( its sub/ance4 ,footnote #aba3 ,! c5tral po9t1 t is1 9 ! entire evolution ( ! types ( art1 classical art be+ int]m$iate betwe5 symbolic & romantic art & 9 a c]ta9 s5se m>k+ a po9t ( culm9ation4 ,footnote #abb3 ,zu ihrem ,inn]51 i4 e41 t :i* unites x z a :ole r ?an is ! purely ext]nal =m4 ,! ,inw>d ( man is ! notion ( man1 n ! m]e fact t he has a head & arms1 etc4 ,footnote #abc3 ,! ,nature-exi/5ce1 z ,hegel calls x4 ,footnote #abd3 ,die ,natur i/ freili* h]aus4 ,nature is !re explicitly be=e u1 b n all t is impli$ 9 ,nature is made explicit 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,footnote #abe3 ,s9nli*keitslos1 s5seless z devoid ( or ab/ract$ f all s5se4 ,footnote #abf3 ,auf ihr fe/es ,maas zurckgefhrt4 ,to _! own prop] /&>d or measure t /rictly applies to !m4 ,footnote #abg3 ,i ?9k ?is mu/ be ! mean+ ( ntzli* "h4 ,b ! passage is n an easy "o4 ,footnote #abh3 ,t is1 ! comp>ative type ( art discuss$ at ! conclusion ( ! prec$+ section4 ,footnote #abi3 ,t is1 ! ,inw>d or ideal pr9ciple & ! natural ext]nality4 ,footnote #acj3 ,selb//ndigkeit4 ,self-consi/5cy or indep5d5ce are p]haps bett] words "h4 ,footnote #aca3 ,t is1 ,i suppose1 ! causal necessity z "p ( natural evolution4 ,footnote #acb3 ,bis zur zeitli*5 gnzli*5 uerli*keit4 ,footnote #acc3 ,^! words conta9 no d\bt ! epitome ( ,hegel's ,philosophy ( ,religion & are involv$ 9 its difficulties4 ,! ref]5ce to ! hi/orical facts ( ,*ri/ianity "u ideal conceptions is obvi\s4 ,i h translat$ ! words das ,mom5t des ,natrli*5 444 zw> vorh&5 seyn z a phasal mom5t ( a process1 b ,i am well aw>e t no m]e amplification ( ?is sort c 9 itself make ! words cle>4 ,footnote #acd3 ,das ,freie4 ,footnote #ace3 ,des besonn55 ,m5s*51 i4e41 ! man ( cle> intellig5ce1 s\nd s5se1 z we say4 ,footnote #acf3 ,! words dies] ,gehalt i/ selb] nur d] ,er/e w\ld seem to ref] back to ! expressions ,ke9e ,er/e und somit natrli*e ,e9heit4 ,b ! s5se is n v cle>4 ,footnote #acg3 ,d]5 ,gattung51 _! specific types4 ,footnote #ach3 ,entgtt]t--a mode f :i* ! ,div9e is remov$4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,com+ ,,into ,,be+ ,,( ,,! ,,classic ,,ideal ,9 ! notion ( free ,_s is conta9$ imm$iately t aspect ( ! process ( intellig5ce we may describe z self-introspection1 return ^u ! self1 ( be+ explicit z an object exi/+ = ! self & 9 a det]m9ate place1 al?\gh ?is p5etration into ! realm ( subjectivity1 z we h already obs]v$1 does n ei!r necess>ily proce$ to ! l5g? ( mak+ ! subject ess5tially self-sub/antive 9 its negative aspect z aga9/ all t is concrete 9 ,_s & pres5t$ u z ! /ability ( ,nature1 nor to t absolute reconciliation :i* con/itutes1 ! fre$om ( ! inf9ite subjectivity 9 tru?4 ,) ! fre$om ( ,_s1 h[ev]1 9 :atev] =m x may appe>1 is g5]ally associat$ ! elim9ation ( t :i* is purely natural1 reg>d$ z t :i* is ! ,o!r 9 contra/ to ,_s4 ,_s mu/ 9 ! fir/ in/ance ess5tially )draw itself f ,nature1 uplift itself ov]1 h] b\nd>ies & ov]come !m1 ere x c prevail ) unfett]$ movem5t )9 ^? b\nds z )9 an elem5t t is oppos$ to x1 & c build itself up 9 a positive mode ( exi/5ce truly indicative ( its own fre$om4 ,if we fur!r ask = a clos] def9ition ( ! object ?r\gh ! transc5d5ce ( :i* ,_s atta9s to its self-sub/antive =m 9 classical art we %all f9d ?is object is n ,nature m]ely z su*1 b r a ,nature t is already ?r\gh\t suffus$ ) ! significations ( ,_s1 9 o!r words ! symbolic type ( art1 :i* made use ( ! imm$iately natural =m z a means ( express+ ! ,absolute1 its arti/ic consci\sness ei!r see+ 9 animals & s =? ! pres5ce ( gods1 or /riv+ va9ly "u false modes t[>d ! true unity ( ! spiritual & ! natural4 ,x is ?r\gh ! removal & re=mation ( ?is defective association t ! ,ideal = ! fir/ "t pres5ts itself z ! ,ideal1 & is =c$ to develop consequ5tly ?is process ( transc5d5ce )9 its own sph]e z a phase ( its own necess>y evolution4 ,su* a consid]ation at once enables u to dispose ( ! "q :e!r ! ,greeks receiv$ ?is religion f extrane\s s\rces or no4 ,we h already se5 t subord9ate conceptions are necess>ily presuppos$ 9 ! v notion ( classical art4 ,^!1 9 s f> z !y 9 tru? appe> & are pres5t$ z factors ( human hi/ory1 are1 z oppos$ to ! high] =m1 :i* /rives to pass beyond !m1 ! actual />t+-po9t ( ! new self-evolv+ art4 ,& ?is is s1 ?\gh 9 ! p>ticul> case ( ,greek my?ology !re is n ?r\gh\t hi/orical evid5ce = ^! prelim9>y data4 ,! relation1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,greek _s to ^! presuppos$ data is ess5tially a relation ( con/ruction & 9 ! fir/ in/ance ( trans=mation4 ,if ?is 7 n s ! conceptions & =ms ( ! same _h rema9$ z !y 74 ,x is true t ,h]odotus says1 9 a passage already cit$1 ( ,hom] & ,hesiod1 t !y _h creat$ _! gods = ! ,greeks1 b he also speaks expressly ( p>ticul> gods1 h[ ?is or t "o 0 ,egyptian or "s o!r =m3 ! poetic activity does n !re=e exclude ! reception ( mat]ial f o!r s\rces1 b m]ely sugge/s an ess5tial trans=mation4 ,= ! ,greeks possess$ my?ological conceptions be=e ! "t 9 :i* ,h]odotus places ^? orig9al poets4 ,if we inquire fur!r into ! m obvi\s aspects ( ?is necess>y trans=mation ( t :i* is und\bt$ly involv$ )1 b at fir/ /ill ali5 f1 ! ,ideal1 we f9d x set be=e u 9 nave =m z cont5t ( my?ology itself4 ,! ma9 fact ( ,greek !ology is ?is1 t x creates itself & con/itutes itself f t :i* has gone be=e1 :i* takes its place 9 ! orig9s & process ( its own g5]ic hi/ory4 ,incid5tal to ?is orig9ation1 9 s f> z ! gods are tak5 to be spiritual individualities 9 det]m9ate bodily %ape1 we f9d1 on ! "o h&1 t ,_s1 in/ead ( giv+ visibility to its ess5ce 9 t :i* is purely vital & animal1 reg>ds life r z an attribute :i* is insuffici5t#aci1 z its unhapp9ess & dea?1 &1 on ! o!r1 t x is 9 ! liv+ ?+ t x triumphs ov] ! elem5ts ( ,nature & its confus$ reproduction4 ,conv]sely1 h[ev]1 x is equally necess>y = ! ,ideal ( ! classic gods1 n m]ely to /& ov] aga9/ ,nature & its elem5tal p[]s z individual _s 9 its f9ite & ab/ract seclusion1 b to possess itself ! elem5ts ( ! univ]sal natural life notionally z a phasal mom5t 9 ! vital con/itution ( ,_s4 ,z ! ess5ce ( ! gods is ess5tially univ]sal1 & 9 ?is v univ]sality !y are def9$ z individuals1 x foll[s also t ! aspect ( _! bodily pres5ce mu/ ess5tially include at ! same "t ! natural z ! ess5tial & wide-rea*+ p[] ( ,nature1 & z vital activity int]tw9$ ) spirituality itself4 ,9 ?is respect we may diff]5tiate ! process ( embodim5t foll[$ by ! classical art-=m "u ! foll[+ po9ts ( view4 ,! fir/ conc]ns ! degradation ( t :i* is purely animal1 & ! removal ( ! same f ! sph]e ( free & pure ,beauty4 ,! second m important aspect is relat$ to ! elem5tal itself1 9 ! fir/ in/ance conceiv$ z gods put be=e u z p[]s ( ,nature1 ?r\gh ^: conque/ alone ! g5u9e race ( gods c atta9 to undisput$ ma/]y1 t is 9 ! w> betwe5 ! anci5t & new gods4 ,b ?is negative t5d5cy becomes1 !n1 9 ! ?ird place1 aft] ,_s has secur$ its free "r1 to ! same ext5t once aga9 an affirmative =ce1 & elem5tal ,nature con/itutes an aspect ( godhead p]meat$ ) individualiz$ spirituality 9 ord] to re-e/abli% ev5 ! animal organism1 ?\gh "h only ( an attributive & ext]nal sign4 ,foll[+ ! above po9ts ( view we w n[1 if /ill at no great l5g?1 endeav\r to emphasize ! m def9ite traits1 :i* "h come "u consid]ation4 #a4 ,,! ,,degradation ,,( ,,animalism#adj ,among ! ,indians & ,egyptians1 among ,asiatics g5]ally we f9d animalism1 or at any rate specific k9ds ( animals reg>d$ z sacr$ & wor%ipp$1 because 9 !m ! ,div9e itself is tak5 to be visible to s5se4 ,! animal =m is consequ5tly also a ma9 feature ( _! arti/ic repres5tations1 albeit !y are 9 addition m]ely us$ z symbolic & 9 association ) human =ms1 9 ! /age previ\s to t :]e we f9d ! human1 & only ! human1 appreh5d$ by consci\sness z t :i* is alone true4 ,x is only 9 virtue ( ! self-consci\sness ( ! spiritual t ! respect = ! obscure & gloomy ideality ( animal life disappe>s4 ,?is has already tak5 place among ! anci5t ,hebrews :o reg>d1 z we h already obs]v$1 ! :ole ( ,nature nei!r z symbol nor z ! pres5ce ( ,god1 & atta* to ext]nal objects m]ely ! p[]s & vitality :i* 9 fact dwell )9 !m4 ,at ! same "t !re /ill rema9s ev5 among !m1 if 9 accid5tal fa%ion1 at lea/ a ve/ige ( rev]5ce = ! liv+ ?+ z su*4 ,we may illu/rate ?is ) ! fact t ,moses =bids ! use ( animal blood z food = ! reason t life is c5tr$ 9 ! blood4 ,man1 h[ev]1 is really "u a necessity to eat t :i* is 8 natural food4 ,! next /ep :i* we mu/ draw att5tion to 9 ?is passage to classical art consi/s 9 l[]+ ! high wor? & position ( :at is animal1 & mak+ ?is degradation itself ! cont5t ( religi\s conceptions & arti/ic productions4 ,& illu/rative ( ?is we f9d abundant examples f :i* ,i %all m]ely (f] ! foll[+ selections4 7a7 ,we f9d t among ! ,greeks c]ta9 animals appe> conspicu\s among o!rs1 z ! snake1 = example1 is pres5t$ u 9 ! sacrifices ( ,hom] z an exceptionally belov$ g5ius#ada1 & be=e all o!rs x is ?is species :i* is (f]$ to "o god1 :ile o!rs are appropriat$ to "s o!r4 ,we f9d1 fur!r t ! h>e1 :i* runs across ! way1 birds obs]v$ 9 _! flight to "r h& or left1 & entrails are inve/igat$ z fruitful 9 prophetic significance4 ,all ?is1 x is true1 indicates a real rev]5ce = ! animal type1 s9ce ! gods communicate ?r\gh !m & speak to m5 by means ( om5s4 ,if we look at ! he>t ( ! matt]1 h[ev]1 we %all f9d ^! to be m]ely isolat$ revelations1 sugge/ive ( sup]/ition no d\bt1 b m]ely mom5t>y h9ts ( ! ,div9e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is an important fact t animals are sacrific$ & ! sacrificial fle% eat54 ,among ! ,indians sacr$ animals are on ! contr>y pres]v$ alive z su*1 & tak5 c>e (1 & among ! ,egyptians !y are ev5 pres]v$ aft] _! dea?4 ,= ! ,greek x is ! sacrifice :i* is sacr$4 ,9 ! sacrifice man demon/rates t he is will+ to give up a consecrat$ ?+ to 8 gods1 & to deprive himself :olly ( ! use ( ! same4 ,& 9 ?is connection we may obs]ve a *>act]i/ic trait 9 ! ,greek rite1 among :i* p ! sacrifice 0 obs]v$ z at ! same "t a hospitable fea/#adb1 only a "p ( ! same be+ d$icate to ! gods1 t is1 ! portion :i* x 0 assum$ !y alone c\ld enjoy1 :ile ! ,greek himself reta9$ & fea/$ ^u ! fle%4 ,out ( ?is circum/ance orig9at$ a my?ical tale 9 ,greece4 ,! anci5t ,greeks1 x is said1 sacrific$ ) ! greate/ solemnity to ! gods1 & suff]$ ! entirety ( ! sacrificial animal to be consum$ 9 ! flames4 ,n ev5 ! poor] suppliants d>$ conte/ ?is great wa/e4 ,s ,prome!us endeav\r$ to obta9 by reque/ f ,zeus1 t !y 7 m]ely "u an obligation to sacrifice a portion1 & c\ld devote ! rema9d] to _! own uses4 ,he slew two ox51 burnt ! liv] ( bo?1 conv]t$1 h[ev]1 all ! bones into "o1 ! fle% into ! rema9+ hide ( ! animals1 & pres5t$ ,zeus ! *oice4 ,zeus1 deceiv$ by appe>ances1 select$ ! bones because !y 7 a l>g] portion & left ! fle% 9 ?is way = human consumption4 ,= ?is reason1 :5 ! fle% ( sacrificial animals 0 consum$1 ! rema9+ portions1 :i* 7 devot$ to ! gods1 7 burnt up 9 ! same fire4 ,zeus1 h[ev]1 took away fire f m5 because by s do+ he made x impossible = !m to celebrate _! fea/4 ,little help ! ruse gave him4 ,prome!us robb$ him ( ! fire & 9 ! excess ( 8 joy flew back fa/] ?an he sp$ ?i!r2 = :i* cause1 s ! tale goes1 ! br+] ( good news inv>iably br+s spe$ ) him4 ,9 ?is way ! ,greeks h direct$ att5tion to ?is progress 9 human culture & pres]v$ & reclo!d ! same 9 my? = ! m9d4 7b7 ,we may connect ) ! above z a simil> example ( a yet fur!r degradation ( animalism ! traditions ( fam\s hunt+s1 su* z we f9d ascrib$ to h]oes1 & h&$ d[n z sacr$ to grateful memory4 ,9 ^! ! slay+ ( animals :i* appe> z injuri\s foes1 su* z ! /rangl+ ( ! ,numean lion by ,h]acles1 ! slay+ ( ! ,l]nean hydra1 ! hunt+ ( ! ,cal$onian bo> are set =? z some?+ fam\s1 by means ( :i* ! h]oes cont5d$ = godlike rank1 :]eas ! ,h9doos puni%$ ) dea? z a crime ! slaught] ( c]ta9 animals4 ,unque/ionably !re is a fur!r int]play ( symbolism 9 de$s ( ?is k9d or !y lie at ! base ( !m4 ,9 ! case ( ,h]cules !re is ! fact ( ! sun & its c\rse1 s t su* h]oic actions supply an ess5tial aspect ( symbolical int]pretation4 ,^! my?s are1 h[ev]1 at ! same "t accept$ 9 _! express significance z b5eficial hunts & 7 consci\sly recogniz$ z su* by ! ,greeks4 ,we mu/ "h aga9 9 a simil> relation recall c]ta9 fables ( ,aesop1 especially ^? already ref]r$ to ( ! dung beetle4 ,! dung beetle1 t primitive ,egyptian symbol1 9 ^: balls ( dung ! ,egyptians or ! int]pret]s ( _! religi\s conceptions saw ! _w balls1 comes 9 ,aesop aga9 be=e ,jupit]1 & ) ! important *ange t ! eagle does n respect 8 protector ! h>e4 ,ari/ophanes1 on ! o!r h&1 has :olly made fun ( him4 7c7 ,?irdly1 ! degradation ( ! animal is directly indicat$ 9 _m ( ! tales ( metamorphosis z ,ovid has del9eat$ !m = u 9 detail ) grace & tal5t & f9e traits ( feel+ & intuition1 b also compos$ 9 a rambl+ way )\t _! great & comm&+ ideal significance1 treat+ !m m]ely z ! sport ( my?os & ext]nal fact & fail+ to recognize a deep] significance4 ,su* a deep] significance is1 h[ev]1 !re1 & we w consequ5tly1 n[ we m5tion ! subject1 make fur!r allusion to x4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! p>ticul> n>ratives are if we look at ?is mat]ial1 qua9t & primitive1 n s mu* on acc\nt ( ! deprav$ condition ( ! culture1 b r1 z 9 ! ,nibelung5li$1 on acc\nt ( ! condition ( a /ill raw nature4 ,z f> z ! ?irte5? book1 accord+ to _! cont5t1 !y are old] ?an ! ,hom]ic tales2 add to ?is !y are a m$ley ( cosmogony & het]og5e\s elem5ts ( ,pho5ician1 ,phrygian1 ,egyptian symbolism1 treat$ no d\bt 9 a human way1 b 9 su* wise t ! unc\? /ock /ill rema9s1 :]eas ! metamorphoses :i* enum]ate tales ( a lat] p]iod subsequ5t to ! ,trojan w>1 al?\gh _! mat]ial is also borr[$ f fabul\s times1 cla% awkw>dly ) ! names ( ,ajax & ,a5eas4 77 ,g5]ally speak+1 we may reg>d ! metamorphoses z a contra/ to ! conception & wor%ip impli$ 9 animalism4 ,look$ at f ! e?ical side ( ,_s !y include ess5tially ! negative attitude t[>d ,nature1 mak+ ! animal & o!r inorganic =ms a phase ( human degradation4 ,consequ5tly1 if among ! ,egyptians ! gods ( ,nature's elem5ts are exalt$ & made vital 9 animals1 "h conv]sely1 z we h already intimat$1 ! natural =m appe>s be=e u z an easi] or difficult lapse & a mon/r\s crime1 z ! exi/5ce ( an ungod-l1 un=tunate ?+1 & z ! embodim5t ( pa91 9 :i* ! human is no long] able to rema9 self-conta9$4 ,= ?is reason !y h n ! significance ( ! migration ( s\ls 9 ! ,egyptian s5se ( t expression2 ?is is a migration :i* does n imply guilt1 b r is on ! contr>y1 if we take ! case ( ! passage ( ! human s\l into ! animal1 reg>d$ z an exaltation4 ,z a :ole1 h[ev]1 ?is is no sev]ely exclusive circle ( my?s1 h[ev] diff]5t ! objects ( ,nature may be1 into :i* t :i* is spiritual is bani%$4 ,a few examples w suffici5tly elucidate ! po9t4 ,among ! ,egyptians ! wolf plays a "p ( great importance1 z1 = example1 9 ! case :]e ,osiris appe>s z b5efic5t protector ( 8 son ,horus 9 ! latt]'s conflict ) ,typhon1 & 9 a :ole s]ies ( ,egyptian co9s is repres5t$ z ! assi/] ( ,horus4 ,& speak+ g5]ally ! association ( ! wolf & ! sun-god is a primitive "o4 ,9 ! ,metamorphoses ( ,ovid1 on ! o!r h&1 ! conv]sion ( ,lycaon into ! =m ( a wolf is pres5t$ u z a puni%m5t = 8 impiety4 ,aft] ! subjugation ( ! giants1 we are told#adc1 & aft] ! annihilation ( _! bodily %apes ! ,e>?1 w>m$ by ! blood ( its sons :i* _h be5 scatt]$ 9 all directions1 revitaliz$ ! w>m blood1 &1 9 ord] t no ve/ige ( ! =m] wild /ock %\ld rema91 br\ght into be+ a race ( m54 ,yet = all t 0 ?is aft]-bir? contemptu\s ( ! gods1 eag] = savage de$s & murd]4 ,!n ,jupit] call$ ! gods into conclave ) a view to de/roy ?is mortal race4 ,he in=m$ !m h[ ,lycaon _h cunn+ly =m$ /ratagems aga9/ himself1 ! wield] ( ! lightn+ & _! sov]eign "l4 ,:51 su* is ! /ory1 ! wor?lessness ( ! times 0 app>5t to him1 he desc5d$ f ,olympus1 & came to ,arcadia4 ,i furni%$ signs1 ! n>ration cont9ues1 t a god _h drawn nigh & ! p began to supplicate4 ,fir/1 to make m]ry ov] ^! pi\s pray]s 0 ,lycaon1 :o =?) cri$ out3 ,i w make exp]im5t :e!r ?is inde$ be a god or mortality1 & ! tru? %all n rema9 9 d\bt4 ,he made prep>ation1 cont9u$ ,jupit]1 to slay me :5 oppress$ ) slumb]2 he 0 possess$ ) ! passion = discov]+ ! tru?4 ,& n cont5t$ ) ?is1 he made an incision ) 8 sword 9 ! ?roat ( a goat ( ,molassian p$igree & boil$ z to "o "p ! only p>tially dead memb]s2 & z to ! re/ bak$ !m on ! fire1 & plac$ bo? portions be=e me to eat4 ,:]e=e ,i1 ) av5g+ flame1 h laid 8 home/ead 9 a%es4 ,affright$ he fl$ =? f !nce1 & :5 he rea*$ ! sil5t field he broke =?3 9 h[ls & /rove 9 va9 to utt] spee*4 ,) rage 9 8 jaws & 9 ! eag]ness ( 8 animal lu/ = murd] he turn$ aga9/ ! cattle1 & rejoices ev5 n[ 9 _! blood2 8 g>m5ts h become ! hairy hide1 & 8 arms h turn$ into ?ighs4 ,he is a wolf1 & pres]ves ! signs ( ! primitive %ape4 ,! tale ( ,procne1 :o 0 *ang$ into a swall[1 sets be=e u ! gravity ( ! committ$ abom9ation ) a l emphasis4 ,:51 s ! tale runs#add1 ,procne begs ( h] husb&1 ,t]eus--%e happ5$ at ! "t to /& 9 8 fav\r--t he w1 =?) let h] g to see h] si/] or suff] h] si/] to visit h]1 ,t]eus ha/5s to laun* 8 vessel on ! sea & quickly rea*es ! h>b\r ( ,piraeus ) 8 seaman%ip4 ,he1 h[ev]1 b>ely cat*es sight ( ,philomela be=e he is viol5tly enam\r$ ( h]4 ,at 8 dep>ture ,p&ion1 ! fa!r1 b9ds him on oa? to protect h] ) ! love ( a fa!r1 & to s5d back z soon z possible ! alleviation ( 8 old age4 ,! voyage1 h[ev]1 is h>dly ov] :5 ! b>b>\s man deprives h]--pale1 trembl+1 already fe>ful ( ! wor/1 & besee*+ ) te>s to "k :]e h] si/] is--( lib]ty1 & z tw9-consort =ces h] to be 8 concub9e along ) h] si/]4 ,ov]come ) ang] & ?ru/+ all s5se ( %ame on "o side1 ,philomela ?reat5s ( h] own accord to betray ! de$4 ,t]eus on ?is draws 8 sword1 seizes & b9ds h] & cuts (f h] tongue1 in=ms1 h[ev]1 8 wife by way ( evasion ( ! dea? ( h] si/]4 ,!reupon ! sorr[+ ,procne te>s (f ! f9e l95 f h] %\ld]s & puts on m\rn+ app>el2 %e raises an empty tomb & 9 a mode some:at out ( place1 z x happ5s1 lam5ts ! lam5table fate ( h] si/]4 ,h[ !n does ,philomela meet ?is8 ,a prison]1 robb$ ( all spee*1 ( h] voice1 %e be?9ks h] ( craft4 ,) ?reads ( purple %e works ! news ( ! crime ^u a :ite texture1 & s5ds ! raim5t secretly to ,procne4 ,! wife reads ! he>tr5d+ news ( h] si/]2 %e nei!r speaks nor weeps2 %e lives :olly 9 ! image ( rev5ge4 ,x 0 ! "t ( ! fe/ival ( ,bac*us4 ,driv5 =? by ! furies ( h] passionate grief %e =ces h] way to h] si/]2 %e te>s h] f h] *amb] & c>ries h] (f ) h] away4 ,!n 9 h] own h\se1 :ile %e /ill is 9 d\bt :at t]rible act ( v5geance %e %all exact on ,t]eus1 ,itys appe>s be=e 8 "m4 ,%e />es ^u him ) eyes ( wildness4 ,h[ l he is to 8 fa!r6 ,no fur!r ^w %e utt]s1 b consummates at once ! doleful de$4 ,!y slay ! boy & s]ve him on 8 fa!r's table1 :o p>takes eag]ly ( 8 own fle% & blood4 ,he !n calls = 8 son1 & ,procne exclaims t he c>ries )9 him t :i* he calls =2 &1 z he /ill looks ab\t him & seeks aft] him & aga9 asks & calls = him1 ,philomela sets be=e 8 face ! bloody head4 ,!n he breaks away f table ) an awful cry ( angui%1 & weeps & calls himself 8 son's sepul*re1 & =?) makes aft] ! daught]s ( ,p&ion ) ! nak$ /eel4 ,b n[ suppli$ ) w+s !y float away f !nce1 ! "o into ! =e/1 ! o!r into ! ro(2 & ,t]eus also1 despite all ! en]gy ( 8 sorr[ & desire ( rev5ge1 is *ang$ into ! bird :i* re>s on its cre/ ! comb ( fea!rs1 & c>ries a beak ( immod]ate projection4 ,! "n ( ! bird is ! hoopoe4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we h *anges :i* proce$ f a guilt ( less significance4 ,z examples1 !re is ,cygnus :o became a swan1 & ,daphne1 ! fir/ love ( ,apollo#ade1 :o 0 *ang$ into ! laurel1 ,clyde into ! heliotrope1 ,n>cissus1 :o despis$ 9 8 vanity maid5s1 & sees himself 9 ! wat]y mirror1 & ,biblis#adf1 :o 0 enam\r$ ( h] bro!r1 & is1 :5 he scorns h]1 *ang$ into ! spr+ :i* ev5 n[ be>s h] "n & fl[s b5ea? ! %ad+ oak4 ,h[ev]1 we mu/ n lose ourselves 9 fur!r digression ?r\gh p>ticul> examples1 & ,i w m]ely1 by way ( passage1 & ! "o fur!r ref]5ce to ! *ange ( ! ,pi]ides1 :o1 accord+ to ,ovid#adg1 7 ! daught]s ( ,pi]os & *all5g$ ! ,muses to a mat* ( rivalry4 ,= ourselves ! di/9ction ( importance is ! nature ( ! songs :i* ! combatants sang respectively4 ,! ,pi]ides celebrate ! battles ( ! gods#adh & hon\r ! giants unduly :ile !y depreciate ! de$s ( ! great gods4 ,ris+ up f ! dep?s ( ,e>?1 ,typhoeus fill$ heav5 ) fe>2 9 a body ! gods take flight f !nce until1 we>i$ out1 !y re/ on ,egyptian soil4 ,b "h1 too1 s sang ! ,pi]ides1 ,typhoeus arrives1 & ! high gods are fa9 to hide !mselves 9 illusive %apes4 ,jupit] 0 lead] ( ! army1 & = ?is reason1 s ran _! refra91 ! ,lybian ,ammon to ?is day is figur$ ) crook$ horns2 & 9 l mann] ! scion ( ,semele is *ang$ into a ram1 ! si/] ( ,phoebus into a cat1 ,juno into a sn[-:ite c[1 ,v5us is conceal$ 9 a fi%1 ,m]cury 9 ! fea!rs ( ,ibis4 ,"h we f9d !re=e ! gods suff] reproa* 9 _! *ange to animal =m4 ,al?\gh _! translation is n pres5t$ z a puni%m5t = a wrong or a crime1 x is _! c[>dice :i* is held =? to u z ! reason ( ?is self-impos$ metamorphosis4 ,calliope1 on ! o!r h&1 exalts 9 song ! good de$s & hi/ory ( ,c]es4 ,c]es 0 ! fir/1 s ran ! /ra91 to sc\r ?r\gh ! fields ) ! crook-back$ pl\gh%>e2 fir/ 0 %e to give fruits & fruitful means ( n\ri%m5t to ! pl\gh$ fields4 ,fir/ 0 %e to lay d[n laws = our guidance2 we are collectively b a gift ( h] wisdom4 ,ah1 %e exclaims1 my task is to celebrate h]1 & yet h[ %all ,i tune my /ra9 wor?y ( su* a goddess6 ,assur$ly ! goddess is wor?y ( ! s+]'s be/4 ,:5 %e has f9i%$1 ! ,pi]ides adjudge !mselves victors 9 ! conte/3 b ev5 z !y endeav\r to speak1 & ) l\d cries1 s ,ovid in=ms u 7v4 #fgj71 are fl\ri%+ ab\t ) _! h&s1 !y p]ceive _! nails pass+ away into fea!rs1 _! arms become cov]$ ) d[n1 :ile ea* is aw>e t ! m\? ( ! o!r is clos+ up into ! /iff bill ( a bird3 & :ile !y are all = deplor+ _! lot1 !y are c>ri$ up on ! waves ( _! w+s1 !y float away1 ! scream]s ( ! woods1 & z waifs ( ! air4 ,& ev5 unto ?is day1 adds our poet1 !y /ill reta9 _! own glibness ( tongue & excit$ *att]1 & inf9ite desire to gossip4 ,9 ?is way we f9d aga9 also "h t metamorphosis is pres5t$ u z puni%m5t1 &1 :at is m1 is pres5t$1 z is s frequ5tly ! case ) su* /ories1 z puni%m5t due to religi\s impiety4 77 ,if we consid] fur!r examples ( /ill well recogniz$ metamorphoses ( m5 & gods into animals1 we %all f9d t1 al?\gh !y d n directly imply any transgression z ! cause ( su* a *ange1 z1 = example1 9 ! case :]e ,circe possess$ ! p[] to *ange m5 into animals1 yet1 = all t1 ! animal condition is at lea/ indicative ( a mis=tune & a humiliation1 su* z br+s no hon\r ev5 to ! p]son :o makes su* a *ange subs]vi5t to private ends4 ,circe 0 q a subord9ate1 obscure type ( goddess1 & h] p[] appe>s z m]e wit*]y1 & ,m]cury assi/s ,odysseus1 :5 ! latt] contrives to free 8 comrades f ! spell4 ,( mu* ! same k9d are ! _m %apes :i* ,zeus takes ^u himself1 z1 = example1 :5 he is *ang$ into a bull 9 8 que/ ( ,europa1 or :5 he approa*es ,l$a 9 ! =m ( a swan1 or fructifies ! ,danae 9 a %[] ( gold4 ,9 all ^! cases ! object is "o ( deception1 direct$ by purposes ( an inf]ior1 t is to say1 n spiritual1 b purely natural quality1 purposes :i* ! ev] con/ant jeal\sy ( ,juno r5d] unavoidable4 ,! conception ( a univ]sal procreative life ( ,nature1 :i* 9 _m ( ! m anci5t my?ologies con/itut$ ! lead+ motive1 is imag9atively reproduc$ 9 sep>ate poetical tales ab\t ! easily enam\r$ disposition ( ! fa!r ( gods & m51 exploits1 h[ev]1 :i* he does n c>ry ?r\gh 9 8 own or1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 human %ape1 b expressly ei!r 9 ! %ape ( animals1 or "s o!r embodim5t ( ,nature4 77 ,&1 la/ly1 we may add to our li/ ^? hybrid =ms1 comb9+ bo? humanity & animalism1 :i* are also n exclud$ f ,greek art1 ?\gh ! animality is "h accept$ z some?+ t degrades1 is unspiritual4 ,among ! ,egyptians1 = example1 ! he-goat1 ,m5des1 0 rev]$#adi1 &1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,jabl\ski#aej1 9 ! s5se ( ! procreative p[] ( ,nature1 g5]ally speak+1 z t ( ! sun1 & to su* an outrage\s excess t1 accord+ to ,p9d>1 ev5 wom5 sacrific$ !mselves to ^! creatures4 ,among ! ,greeks1 ,pan1 on ! contr>y1 p]sonifies ! my/]i\s s5se ( ! div9e pres5ce1 & lat] 9 ! %ape ( fauns1 satyrs1 & ,pan-l figures1 ! goat %ape only appe>$ 9 a subord9ate way1 su* z 9 ! feet1 & 9 ! mo/ beautiful repres5tations 0 p]haps limit$ to ! po9t$ e>s & little horns4 ,! re/ ( ! figure is %ap$ 9 human guise1 & ! animal sugge/ion ?ru/ back ^u ! b>e/ detail4 ,yet1 = all t1 fauns 7 n recogniz$ among ! ,greeks z gods ( any important rank or spiritual =ces2 _! fundam5tal *>act]i/ic rema9$ t ( a s5su\s1 uncontroll$ joviality4 ,x is true t !y are also arti/ically repres5t$ ) an expression ( pr(\nd] significance1 z1 = in/ance1 t f9e example ( "o 9 ,muni*1 :i* holds ! y\?ful ,bac*us 9 8 arms1 & gazes d[n on him ) a smile :i* is brimm+ ov] ) love & t5d]ness4 ,he is n to be tak5 z ! fa!r ( ,bac*us1 b m]ely ! fo/]-p>5t1 & we f9d giv5 him "h ! beautiful feel+ ( joy 9 ! innoc5ce ( ! *ild1 su* z t :i*1 9 ! mat]nal devotion ( ,m>y = ! ,*ri/ babe1 is exalt$ 9 romantic art to s l(ty a level ( contemplation4 ,among ! ,greeks1 h[ev]1 ?is mo/ *>m+ love /ill belongs to ! subord9ate sph]e ( fauns 9 ord] to indicate t its orig9 is traceable f animal1 t is natural1 life1 & consequ5tly is entitl$ to rank ) su* a sph]e#aea4 ,m$iate %apes ( a simil> k9d are ! c5taurs1 9 :i* we may also obs]ve t ! ,nature-aspect ( s5suality & desire is also supremely prom95t to ! suppression ( ! spiritual side4 ,*eiron1 no d\bt1 is ( a m noble type1 a clev] physician1 & ! tutor ( ,a*illes2 b ?is in/ructive rle1 z ! tea*] ( a *ild1 is n appropriate to godhead /rictly1 b is to be relat$ ) human ability & clev]ness4 ,9 ?is mann] ! relation ( ! animal %ape receives a modification 9 classical art f :atev] po9t ( view we reg>d x4 ,its prevail+ employm5t is to indicate t :i* is evil1 bad1 inf]ior1 m]ely natural & unspiritual1 :]eas1 outside ,greece x 0 ! expression ( ! positive & absolute4 #b4 ,,! ,,conte/ ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,div9ities ,! second grade ( m elevat$ rank we may contra/ ) ! degradation ( ! animal condition consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! g5u9e gods ( classical art1 inasmu* z !y possess = _! cont5t a free self-consci\sness1 :i* we may def9e z ! p[] ( spiritual individuality repos+ on its own res\rces1 are also able to be repres5t$ z subjects ( k & volition1 t is z spiritual pot5ces4 ,= ?is reason ! humanity1 9 ! bodily =m ( :i* !y are pres5t$ u1 is n1 z "o may say1 a m]e =m1 :i* is girt ab\t ?is cont5t by virtue ( ! imag9ation "u a mode ( purely ext]nal validity1 b is root$ 9 ! significance1 cont5t1 & ideal sub/ance itself4 ,! div9e1 h[ev]1 g5]ally speak+1 is ess5tially to be appreh5d$ u unity ( ! natural & spiritual2 bo? sides are involv$ 9 ! conception ( ! ,absolute2 & x is m]ely ! diff]5t mode1 "u :i* ?is h>mony is conceiv$1 :i* con/itutes f our pres5t po9t ( view ! respective grades ( ! v>i\s =ms ( art & hi/oric religions4 ,accord+ to our own ,*ri/ian way ( look+ at x1 ,god is ! creator & "l ( ,nature & ! spiritual _w1 & !re)1 no d\bt1 exempt$ f ! imm$iate & det]m9ate exi/5ce ( ,nature1 = ! reason t1 be=e all else1 he is v ,god z ! tak+ back into ,himself ( 8 own fulness1 t is z absolute & self-dep5d5t ,_s2 x is only ! f9ite & human _s :i* /&s 9 opposition to ,nature z a limit & a b\nd1 a limitation :i* su* only !reby ov]comes 9 8 det]m9ate exi/5ce1 & exalts himself intr9sically to ! grade ( inf9ity 9 s f> z he grasps ,nature contemplatively 9 ?\ght1 & 9 ! actual _w#aeb consummates ! h>mony betwe5 spiritual idea1 reason1 ! ,good & ,nature4 ,?is inf9ite actualization is1 h[ev]1 ,god1 9 s f> z ! lord%ip ov] ,nature is /rictly due to ,him1 & ,he ,himself is conceiv$ z explicit 9 ?is inf9ite activity1 & ! k & volition ( su* realization4 ,9 ! religions ( /rictly symbolic art1 on ! contr>y1 z we h trac$ already1 ! union ( ! ,inw>d & ,ideal ) ,nature 0 an imm$iate association1 :i* consequ5tly made use ( ,nature bo? z reg>ds its sub/ance & =m z its fundam5tal mode ( det]m9ation4 ,9 ?is s5se ! sun1 ! ,nile1 ! sea1 ! ,e>?1 ! natural processes ( bir?1 dea?1 procreation1 & reproduction1 9 %ort1 all ! v>i$ *anges ( ! univ]sal life ( ,nature 7 rev]$ z div9e exi/5ce & life4 ,^! ,nature-=ces1 h[ev]1 7 ev5 9 symbolic art p]sonifi$1 & consequ5tly set up 9 contra/ to ! spiritual4 ,if1 h[ev]1 & no?+ less ?an ?is is ! requirem5t ( classical art1 ! gods are to be spiritual individualities 9 h>mony ) ,nature1 m]e p]sonification is a conception insuffici5t = ?is result4 ,= p]sonification1 9 ! case t its cont5t is a purely univ]sal =ce & activity ( ,nature1 p]si/s z a m]e =m1 unable to p5etrate to ! con/itut+ sub/ance1 & c nei!r give exi/5ce to ! spiritual cont5t 9 ! same1 nor its individuality4 ,we f9d !re=e necess>ily 9 classical art a *ange ( front#aec1 to ! effect t1 9 con=mity ) ! degradation ( ! animal aspect we h j be5 consid]+1 ! univ]sal p[] ( ,nature also 9 "o aspect ( x suff]s humiliation1 & ! spiritual is proportionally exalt$ 9 contra/ to x4 ,& by ?is means we f9d t x is ! pr9ciple ( subjectivity1 r ?an m]e p]sonification1 :i* becomes ! ma9 mode ( def9ition4 ,f ano!r po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 ! gods ( classical art d n cease to be pot5ces ( ,nature1 because ,god "h has n yet come to be repres5t$ z ess5tially absolute & free spirituality4 ,9 ! relation ( a m]ely creat$ & m9i/rant creature to a "l & creator sep>at$ f x1 ,nature /&s1 h[ev]1 albeit deifi$1 ei!r z we h x 9 ! art ( ! ,sublime--conceiv$ z an ess5tially ab/ract1 t is purely ideal ma/]dom ( "o supreme sub/ance1 or--z 9 ! case ( ,*ri/ianity--exalt$ z concrete ,_s to absolute fre$om )9 ! pure elem5t ( spiritual exi/5ce & p]sonal actuality4 ,nei!r ( ^! examples falls 9 ) ! po9t ( view ( classical art4 ,god "h is n z yet "l ( ,nature1 = ! reason t he does n z yet possess absolute spirituality ei!r if reg>d$ relatively to :at is conta9$ 9 ,him1 or to ! mode "u :i* ,he is appreh5d$4 ,he is no long] "l ( ,nature1 because ! sublime relation ( ! deifi$ natural ?+ & human individuality has ceas$1 & tak5 ^u itself ! limitations ( beauty1 9 :i* _! j due mu/ be r5d]$ = art's repres5tation )\t any tittle ( loss to bo? aspects1 ! univ]sal & ! individual1 ! spiritual & ! natural4 ,consequ5tly 9 ! god ( classical art ! nature-pot5cy is pres]v$1 b is conceiv$ z su* n 9 ! s5se ( ! univ]sal & all-embrac+ ,nature1 b z ! def9able1 & consequ5tly limit$ activity ( ! sun1 sea1 & s on1 g5]ally speak+1 z a p>ticul> natural pot5cy1 :i* is made visible z spiritual individuality1 & possesses ?is spiritual individuality z its ess5tial be+4 ,= ! reason1 !n1 z we h already made cle>1 t ! classical ,ideal is n imm$iately pres5t1 b fir/ makes its appe>ance ?r\gh ! process 9 :i* t :i* is negative to ! =mative cont5t ( _s is resolv$1 ?is trans=mation & build+ up into new =ms ( t :i* is raw1 unbeautiful1 wild1 grotesque1 purely natural1 or fanta/ic1 :i* orig9at$ 9 e>li] religi\s conceptions & views ( art1 w be a lead+ int]e/ 9 ,greek my?ology1 & consequ5tly w necess>ily reproduce a readily def9$ sph]e#aed ( p>ticul> significances4 ,9 proce$+ fur!r to exam9e ?is fundam5tal aspect ( our pres5t subject ,i mu/ at once give utt]ance to ! prelim9>y caution t ! hi/oric inve/igation ( ! v>i$ & multifold conceptions ( ,greek my?ology lies outside our pres5t task4 ,all we are conc]n$ to inquire into "h are ! ess5tial phasal /eps ( ?is process ( recon/ruction1 9 s f> z ! same notify !mselves z phases ( univ]sal import 9 ! new arti/ic configuration & its cont5t4 ,z = t inf9ite mass ( p>ticul> my?s1 n>rations1 hi/ories1 ?+s ref]able to a local orig9 & symbolism1 :i* collectively /ill ass]t _! pr$om9ance 9 ! _w ( lat] gods1 & incid5tally appe> 9 arti/ic production1 b = all t d n belong to ! vital po9t ( int]e/ to :i* our own ef=t is direct$--we mu/ necess>ily leave all ?is broad field ( mat]ial on "o side1 & c m]ely ref] to an example or two by way ( illu/ration4 ,speak+ g5]ally we may comp>e ?is road1 on :i* we n[ move =w>ds1 to ! c\rse ( ! hi/ory ( sculpture4 ,= inasmu* z sculpture places be=e ! obs]vation ( s5se ! gods 9 _! real =m x con/itutes ! peculi> c5trum ( classical art1 albeit also ! bett] to make x :olly und]/ood poetry expresses itself ^u gods & mank9d1 or passes 9 review ! worlds ( gods & m5 9 _! activity & movem5t 9 direct contra/ to t objectivity self-conta9$ 9 repose4 ,j z1 !n1 9 sculpture ! mom5t ( all importance 9 ! beg9n+ is ! trans=mation ( ! =mless1 ! /one or block ( wood t has fall5 f heav5 7o7--z ! ! great goddess ( ,pess9us 9 ,asia ,m9or actually 01 :i* ! ,romans direct$ by means ( a solemn embassy to be transf]r$ to ,rome--into ! human =m & s makes ! /atue1 s too we h "h to make a beg9n+ f ! =mless1 unc\? p[]s ( ,nature1 & :ile do+ s m]ely to indicate ! /ages1 9 _! passage ?r\gh :i* !y are exalt$ into spiritual individuality & are f9ally conc5trat$ 9 %apes ( fixity4 ,we may 9 ?is connection di/+ui% ?ree sep>able aspects z ( mo/ importance4 ,! fir/1 :i* arre/s our att5tion1 are ! oracles 9 :i* ! k & volition ( gods1 /ill "u a =mless mode1 gives witness to _! pres5ce ?r\gh natural exi/5ces4 ,! second po9t ( view to be not$ is conc]n$ ) ! univ]sal =ms ( ,nature1 no less ?an ! ab/ractions ( ,"r & s =?1 :i* lie at ! root ( ! g5u9e spiritual & individual deities1 :i* are1 s to speak1 _! bir?-cradles & furni% u ) ! necess>y conditions ( _! orig9 & activity3 !y are ! old gods 9 contradi/9ction to ! new4 ,?irdly1 & f9ally1 we are made aw>e ( ! ess5tially necess>y progress to ! ,ideal 9 ! fact t ! prim>ily sup]ficial p]sonifications ( ! activities ( ,nature & ! mo/ ab/ract spiritual conditions are conte/$ & ?ru/ f _! prom95ce z some?+ ess5tially subord9ate & negative &1 by virtue ( ?is debasem5t ! self-suffici5t spiritual individuality & its human =m & action1 is suff]$ to atta9 an un*all5g$ ma/]dom4 ,?is revolution1 :i* con/itutes ! real c5tral position 9 ! hi/orical orig9s ( ! classic gods1 is 9 ,greek my?ology plac$ be=e our imag9ation 9 ! conflict--a mode ( pres5tation z nave z x is a/oni%+ly direct--betwe5 ! old & new gods1 9 ! headlong fall ( ! ,titans1 & 9 ! victory :i* ! div9e race ( ,zeus secures4 7a7 ,to take1 !n1 fir/ 9 ord] ! oracles1 x w n be necess>y = u n[ to dilate on !m to any consid]able ext5t4 ,! ess5tial po9t :i* conc]ns u "h is m]ely due to ?is fact1 t 9 classical art ! ph5om5a ( ,nature are no long] rev]$ z su*--9 ! way t ! ,p>sees1 = example1 pray to naph!tic regions or fire1 or z among ! ,egyptians1 gods rema9 inscrutable1 my/]i\s1 & mute riddles--b t ! gods1 be+ !mselves subjects ( k & volition1 d v]ily give to man by means ( natural ph5om5a indications ( _! wisdom4 ,9 ?is s5se ! anci5t ,hell5es made inquiry at ! oracle ( ,dodona#aee1 :e!r !y %\ld accept ! names ( gods1 :i* h come to !m f b>b>ians1 & ! oracle repli$3 ,use !m4 77 ,! signs by means ( :i* ! gods ?us made _! revelations are = ! mo/ "p ( ! simple/ description4 ,at ,dodona su* 7 ! ru/le & :isp] ( ! sacr$ oak1 ! murmur ( ! spr+1 ! tones ( ! braz5 vessel1 :i* ! w9d made ?us to rev]b]ate4 ,9 l mann] at ,delos x 0 ! laurel :i* ru/l$ & at ,delphi1 too1 ! s\nd ( ! w9d on ! braz5 tripod 0 full ( significance#aef4 ,ov] & above1 h[ev]1 su* imm$iately natural s\nds man is also ! voice-piece ( ! oracle 9 s f> z he is r5d]$ deaf to & :irl$ away f ! al]t commons5se ( 8 ord9>y m9d to a natural condition ( en?usiasm2 z1 = example1 ! ,py?ia at ,delphi 0 wont1 /upefi$ by exhalations1 to deliv] ! oracul> words1 or 9 ! cave ( ,trophonius ! inquir] ( ! oracle met ) faces1 f ! int]pretation ( :i* an answ] 0 deliv]$ him4 77 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r aspect :i* we %\ld set alongside ( ! purely ext]nal sign4 ,= 9 ! oracles ,god is1 x is true1 accept$ z ,he :o kn[s1 & ! oracle ( mo/ fam$ repute is d$icate to ,apollo1 ! god ( wisdom4 ,! =m1 h[ev]1 9 :i* he reveals 8 w1 rema9s ! :olly indef9ite voice ( ,nature1 ei!r a natural s\nd1 t is1 or ! unconnect$ tones ( words4 ,9 ?is obscurity ( =m ! spiritual cont5t is itself equally obscure & requires int]pretation & explanation4 77 ,?is explanation1 albeit x br+s "u a mode ( spiritual life ! deliv]ance ( ! god :i* 9 ! fir/ in/ance is pres5t$ purely 9 ! =m ( ,nature's own voice1 rema9s despite ?is fact obscure & equivocal4 ,= ! god is 9 8 k & volition concrete univ]sality4 ,& ( ! same type also mu/ ! advice or comm& unavoidably be :i* ! oracle decl>es4 ,! univ]sal1 h[ev]1 is n "o-sid$ & ab/ract1 b z concrete univ]sal conta9s ! "o side no less ?an ! o!r4 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z man /&s ov] aga9/ ! kn[+ god z "o unkn[+ he accepts ! oracul> ^w itself 9 ignorance4 ,9 o!r words1 ! concrete univ]sality ( ! same is n op5 to 8 intellig5ce1 & he c m]ely select f ! equivocal ^w ( ! god1 assum+ t he decides to act ^u x1 "o aspect !re(1 = ! reason t e action "u p>ticul> circum/ances is unavoidably def9ite1 only1 t is to say1 giv+ a decisive impulse 9 "o direction & %utt+ (f ano!r4 ,8 action is b>ely accompli%$1 & ! de$--:i* consequ5tly has become 8 own & = :i* he mu/ n[ be answ]able--really c>ri$ ?r\gh :5 he f9ds a collision confront+ him4 ,all 9 a mom5t he is aw>e t ! o!r side1 :i* lay already fold$ 9 ! oracul> s5t5ce1 is turn$ aga9/ himself & ! fatality ( 8 de$1 8 k & w not)/&+1 has him 9 ! toils2 a fatality :i* he may n "k1 b ( :i* we mu/ suppose ! gods are aw>e4 ,conv]sely aga9 ! gods are det]m9ate pot5cies & _! express$ w1 :5 x c>ries ?is "* ( ess5tial det]m9acy1 z1 = example1 ! bidd+ ( ,apollo1 :i* drives ,ore/es =w>d to 8 rev5ge1 br+s ab\t a collision ( =ces 9 ! selfsame way4 ,= ! reason1 !n1 t 9 "o aspect ( x ! =m1 :i* ! spiritual k ( ! god assumes 9 ! oracle1 is ! :olly undef9$ ext]nal expression or ! ab/ract ideality ( ! ^w1 & ! =m itself ?r\gh ! equivocal s5se x conta9s includes ! possibility ( discord1 we f9d t 9 classical art x is n sculpture1 b poetry1 & pre-em95tly dramatic poetry1 9 :i* oracles contribute _! %>e ( ! cont5t & are ( importance4 ,9 classical art1 h[ev]1 !y d ess5tially ma9ta9 a place1 because 9 x human individuality has n =c$ its way to ! full height ( spiritual atta9m5t1 :]e ! subject draws ! det]m9ation ( 8 actions )\t infr+em5t f 8 own res\rces4 ,:at we 9 our mod]n s5se ( ! t]m call consci5ce1 has n z "h secur$ its rightful place4 ,! ,greek acts (t51 x is true1 at ! beck ( 8 passion1 bad no less ?an good2 ! g5u9e pa?os1 h[ev]1 :i* is "h held to quick5 him1 & does 9 fact s quick5 him1 proce$s f ! gods1 ^: cont5t & might is ! univ]sal ( su* a pa?os2 & ! h]oes are ei!r imm$iately in/9ct ) ! same1 or !y int]rogate oracles = advice1 :5 ! gods d n pres5t !mselves op5ly to _! vision1 by way ( quick5+ ! de$ to be done4 7b7 ,moreov]1 z 9 ! oracle ! cont5t is to be f\nd 9 ! gods t "k & willy :ile ! =m ( ! ext]nal ph5om5on is ! ext]nal :i* is ab/ract & a "p ( ,nature1 f ! o!r po9t ( view t :i* is natural1 if we look at x relatively to its univ]sal =ces & ! activities :i* belong to ^!1 becomes ! cont5t1 f out ( :i* ! indep5d5t individuality has fir/ to =ce its way up1 & receives z its orig9al =m m]ely ! =mal & sup]ficial p]sonification4 ,! ?ru/+ back ( ^! purely natural =ces1 ! opposition & cont5tion ?r\gh :i* !y are ov]come is j ! significant c5tre1 = :i* we are indebt$ prim>ily to classical art1 & :i* we mu/ consequ5tly submit to a clos] exam9ation4 77 ,! fir/ ?+ we w\ld rem>k 9 ?is connection is attributable to ! circum/ance t we are n "h conc]n$--z 9 t view ( ! _w :i* belongs to ! ,sublime1 or 9 "p ev5 t appropriate to ,h9doo doctr9es--) ,god already ess5tially devoid ( any relation to s5se1 :5 reg>d$ z ! />t+ po9t ( all creation1 b r ) t 9 :i* ,nature's gods1 & we may add 9 ! fir/ in/ance ! m univ]sal =ces ( ,nature su* z ,*aos1 ,t>t>us1 ,erebus1 ! entire savage & subt]ranean sub/ance1 &1 fur!rmore1 ,uranos1 ,gaia1 ! ,titan ,eros1 ,kronos1 & ! re/1 supply ! beg9n+#aeg4 ,x is f out ( ^!1 !n1 t ! bett] def9$ p[]s1 su* z ,helios1 ,oceanos1 & o!rs l !m fir/ h _! be+2 :ile !y1 9 _! turn1 become ! natural cradle = ! lat] spiritual & individualiz$ div9ities4 ,we f9d1 !re=e1 aga9 "h ano!r !ogony & cosmogony :i* is ! "w ( ! imag9ation1 ^: e>lie/ gods1 h[ev]1 /ill rema9 = ! obs]v] "u "o aspect ( an undef9$ "*1 or vaguely ext5d beyond all reasonable limit2 &1 if view$ f ano!r /&po9t1 /ill c>ry ) !m mu* t is ess5tially symbolical4 77 ,! m detail$ di/9ctions among ^! ,titan pot5cies may be ?us indicat$3 77 ,fir/1 we h ^? p[]s ( ! ,e>? & ! />s1 )\t spiritual & e?ical cont5t1 consequ5tly dissolute1 a raw1 savage race1 gigantic & =mless1 z ?\gh !y 7 scions ( ,h9doo or ,egyptian imag9ation4 ,!y are to be class$ ) o!r individualities ( ,nature su* z ,brontes1 ,/]opes1 & aga9 ) ! hundr$-h&$ ,kottos1 ,bri>eus1 & ,gyges1 ! giants & ! re/ /&+ 9 ! fir/ in/ance b5ea? ! lord%ip ( ,uranos1 !n ( ,kronos1 t *ief ( ! ,titans1 :o obvi\sly is a k9d ( p]sonifi$ ,"t1 dev\r+ all 8 *ildr51 j z ,"t ev5tually annihilates ev]y?+ t x has br\ght to bir?4 ,?is my? is n )\t a symbolical significance4 ,= ! life ( ,nature is1 9 fact1 subjugate to ,"t1 & br+s only ! ,pa/ into exi/5ce1 j z 9 ! same way ! prehi/oric times ( "s p1 :i* is only "o nation1 "o /ock1 yet con/itutes no g5u9e ,/ate1 & pursues no def9ite objects ess5tially made cle> to itself1 becomes ! sport ( ! p[] ( a ,"t1 :i* is de/itute ( hi/ory4 ,we t\* solid gr\nd = ! fir/ "t :5 we come to law1 morality1 & ! ,/ate1 some?+ p]man5t :i* rema9s ?\gh races pass away1 z x is said t ! ,muses give p]man5ce & a def5ce to ev]y?+1 :i*1 z ! life ( ,nature & pres5t action1 _h only vani%$ swept away ) ,"t4 77 ,b1 fur!r1 x is n only t ! =ces ( ,nature belong to ?is sph]e ( ! old gods1 b also ! =ces not$ z e>lie/ ov] ! elem5ts4 ,9 p>ticul> ! fir/ active ag5cy ^u metal ?r\gh ! =ce ( :at is /ill raw1 & elem5t>y ,nature1 t is air1 wat]1 fire1 is ( importance4 ,we may m5tion 9 illu/ration ! ,corybantes1 ! ,tel*9es1 demons ( bo? b5efic5t & evil influ5ce1 ! ,pataeci1 pygmies1 dw>fs1 cunn+ 9 ! woodman's craft1 small1 ) big paun*es4#aeh ,m prom95t notice %\ld be tak5 ( ,prome!us1 z illu/rat+ 9 ! *ief place a fundam5tal po9t ( new dep>ture4 ,prome!us is a ,titan ( exceptional type & des]ves exceptional att5tion4 ,toge!r ) 8 bro!r ,epime!us he appe>s 9 ! fir/ in/ance z fav\rable to ! "y gods2 !n he /&s out z ! b5efactor ( m51 :o 9 o!r respects h no def9$ relation ) ! new gods or ! ,titans4 ,he br+s fire to man1 & !reby supplies !m ) ! means ( satisfy+ _! ne$s & work+ ! te*nical arts1 :i* are no long]1 h[ev]1 reg>d$ z natural products1 & consequ5tly x w\ld appe> d n /& 9 any clos] association ) ,titan workman%ip4 ,= ?is int]f]5ce ,zeus puni%es ,prome!us until ,h]cules f9ally releases him f suff]+4 ,at ! fir/ glance !re w\ld appe> to be no?+ /rictly ,titanesque 9 ^! ma9 features ( ! /ory2 nay1 x w\ld n be difficult to po9t out an inconsequ5ce 9 ! fact t ,prome!us1 j z ,c]es1 is a b5efactor ( mank9d1 & is none ! less numb]$ among ! old ,titanic pot5cies4 ,if we look at ! matt] m closely1 h[ev]1 ?is inconsequ5ce w at once disappe>4 ,9 ?is connection sev]al passages f ,plato's works w help u suffici5tly to cle> ! difficulty4 ,!re is ! my? 9 :i* ! gue/-fri5d recites to ! y\ng] ,socrates t 9 ! "t ( ,kronos m5 orig9at$ f ! ,e>?1 :ile ! god1 on 8 "p1 devot$ 8 att5tion to ! :ole#aei4 ,aft] ?is /ep a movem5t ( opposite t5d5cy sprang up1 & ! ,e>? 0 left to itself#afj1 s t n[ ! bea/s became savage1 & mank9d1 ^: means ( n\ri%m5t & all _! o!r ne$s _h hi!rto pass$ imm$iately into _! h&s1 7 left alone )\t advice or assi/ance4 ,well1 accord+ to ?is my?1 x 0 9 su* a condition#afa t fire 0 br\ght to mank9d by ,prome!us1 all o!r accessories ( craftsman%ip be+ communicat$ by ,hephae/os & 8 companion 9 craftsman%ip1 ,a!ne4 ,"h we h notifi$ expressly a di/9ction betwe5 fire & ! ?+ :i* arti/ic ability produces by work+ on ! raw mat]ial2 & only ! gift ( fire is ascrib$ to ,prome!us4 ,plato n>rates ! my? ( ,prome!us at great] l5g? 9 ! ,protagoras4 ,!re we read#afb3 ,!re 0 once a "t :5 gods inde$ exi/$1 b mortal be+s _h n appe>$4 ,:5 ! =eorda9$ "t ( _! bir? also _h come1 ! gods creat$ !m 9 ! inw>d p>ts ( ! ,e>?1 compos+ _! sub/ance ( ,e>? & fire & t :i* is ! union ( bo? ^! elem5ts4 ,:5 ! gods 7 desir\s ( br++ !m into ! light1 !y h&$ !m ov] to ,prome!us & ,epime!us to apportion & arrange ! en]gies ( ea* s+ly z 0 "r4 ,epime!us1 h[ev]1 reque/$ ( ,prome!us t ! apportionm5t might be left to him4 ,aft] ,i h done ?is1 quo? he1 y may m>k & express an op9ion4 ,epime!us1 h[ev]1 by a blund] apportion$ ev]y?+ wor? hav+ to ! animal _w1 s t !re 0 no?+ left ov] = mank9d2 & :5 ,prome!us made 8 inspection he f\nd t ?\gh all o!r liv+ ?+s 7 wisely provid$ ) all _! ne$s mank9d rema9$ nak$1 unprotect$1 )\t cov]+ or weapons4 ,b already ! appo9t$ day _h appe>$ 9 :i* x 0 necess>y t man %\ld pass f ! b[els ( ! ,e>? into ! light4 ,9 ! emb>rassm5t 9 :i* he 0 plac$ to procure "s assi/ance = mank9d ,prome!us /ole ! wisdom t is %>$ by ,hephae/os & ,a!ne by tak+ fire--= )\t fire x w\ld be impossible to possess x or make x ( use--& made a pres5t ( ?is to m54 ,man n[1 x is true1 possess$ ! wisdom necess>y = ! support ( 8 life1 b he 0 /ill )\t political wisdom1 = ?is 0 /ill lodg$ ) ,zeus4 ,entry1 h[ev]1 to ! /ronghold ( ,zeus 0 no long] p]mitt$ ,prome!us1 & ap>t f ?is ! awful wat*]s ( ,zeus b>r$ ! way4 ,he pass$1 h[ev]1 secretly into ! *amb] :i* ,hephae/os & ,a!ne %>$ 9 ! practice ( _! art1 & hav+ secur$ ! =g+-art ( ,hephae/os he pilf]$ t o!r art 7! art ( weav+7 :i* 0 possess$ by ,a!ne & pres5t$ ?is to mank9d4 ,out ( ^! possessions ! means ( satisfy+ ! ne$s ( ,life is provid$ = man 7o o o74 ,prome!us receives1 h[ev]1 z already n>rat$1 puni%m5t = ! !fts he commits ow+ to ! blund]s ( ,epime!us4 ,plato fur!r tells u 9 a passage :i* imm$iately foll[s ! above t mank9d 0 /ill de/itute ( ! art ( w> = _! protection aga9/ ! animal _w1 :i* 0 m]ely a "p ( ! art ( politics1 & consequ5tly 7 collect$ into cities1 & w\ld h s outrag$ ea* o!r & f9ally brok5 up su* asylums = ! reason t !y 7 )\t all political organization1 t ,zeus f\nd x necess>y to s5d d[n to !m "u ! escort ( ,h]mes ,%ame & ,"r4 ,9 ^! passages ! di/9ction betwe5 ! imm$iate objects ( life1 :i* are relat$ to physical com=t1 t is1 ! provision = ! satisfaction ( ! mo/ prim>y necess>ies & political organization1 su* z sets be=e itself z its object :at is spiritual1 cu/om1 law1 "r ( prop]ty1 fre$om1 & communal exi/5ce is expressly emphasiz$4 ,?is pr9ciple ( e?ical life & "r#afc1 ,prome!us did n give to m51 he m]ely taught !m ! cunn+ by means ( :i* !y might ov]come natural objects & make !m s]viceable to _! ne$s4 ,fire & ! craftsman%ip :i* makes use ( fire h no?+ e?ical ab\t !m 9 !mselves2 & x is j ! same ) ! art ( weav+2 9 ! fir/ in/ance !y are devot$ to ! exclusive s]vice ( private individuals1 )\t com+ into any relation ) t :i* is %>$ 9 human exi/5ce or ) ,life 9 its public "*4 ,= ! reason1 !n1 t ,prome!us 0 unable to furni% mank9d ) any?+ m spiritual or e?ical1 he also does n belong to ! race ( new gods1 b to ! ,titans#afd4 ,hephae/os1 x is true1 also possess$ fire & ! p>ticul> crafts to :i* x is ess5tial z an in/rum5t = 8 field ( activity1 & is none ! less accr$it$ z a new god3 b ,zeus ca/ him f ,olympus1 & he cont9u$ to limp ev] aft]4 ,j z little is x1 !re=e1 an inconsequ5ce :5 we f9d ,c]es plac$ among ! y\ng] gods1 :o prov$ h]self a b5efactor ( mank9d j z ,prome!us did4 ,= t :i* ,c]es taught 0 agriculture1 ) :i* at ! same "t prop]ty1 & yet m1 m>riage1 social cu/om1 & law /& 9 close association4 77 ,a ?ird class ( ! anci5t gods conta9s1 x is true1 nei!r p]sonifi$ pot5cies ( ,nature1 z su*1 nor ! might :i* next foll[s z "l ov] ! p>ticul> elem5ts ( ,nature 9 ! s]vice ( ! m subord9ate human necessities1 b is already conte/ant ) t :i* is ess5tially 9 itself ideal1 univ]sal1 & spiritual4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 is none ! less lack+ 9 ! p[]s we h "h to reckon ) is spiritual individuality & its appropriate =m & manife/ation1 s t !y also m or less relatively to _! op]ations keep a position :i* is m ne>ly ak9 to ! necessity & ess5tial be+ ( ,nature4 ,9 illu/ration ( ?is type we may recall ! conception ( ,nemesis1 ,dike1 ! ,er9nyes1 ,eum5ides1 & ,moirai4 ,no d\bt we f9d associat$ ) ^! figures ! det]m9ate notions ( "r & ju/ice2 b ?is inevitable "r1 in/ead ( be+ conceiv$ & clo!d 9 ! ess5tially spiritual & sub/antive m$ium ( social morality#afe1 rema9s ei!r p]si/5t 9 ! univ]sal ab/ract notion1 or is relat$ to ! obscure "r ( t :i* is natural )9 ! circle ( spiritual connections1 ! love ( k9dr$1 = example1 & its p>am\nt claim1 :i* does n app]ta9 to ,_s 9 ! op5 fre$om ( itself self-recogniz$2 & consequ5tly also does n appe> z lawful "r1 b 9 opposition to ?is z ! irreconcilable "r ( rev5ge4 ,to br+ ! view ( ! above ne>] ,i w m]ely draw att5tion to "o or two ideas b\nd up ) x4 ,nemesis1 = example1 is ! might to humiliate ! exalt$1 & to ca/ d[n ! man all too =tunate f 8 l(ty seat1 & consequ5tly to re/ore equilibrium4 ,! claim or "r ( equilibrium is ! purely ab/ract & ext]nal "r1 :i*1 x is true1 c]tifies itself z op]ative 9 ! range ( spiritual circum/ances1 & conditions1 )\t1 h[ev]1 mak+ ! e?ical organization ( ! same ! cont5t ( ju/ice4 ,ano!r aspect ( importance atta*es to ?is circum/ance1 t ! "r ( ! family-condition is apportion$ by ! anci5t gods1 9 s f> z ^! repose on a condition ( ,nature1 & !reby are 9 antagonism ) ! public "r & law ( ! community4 ,we may adduce ! ,eum5ides ( ,aes*ylus z ! cle>e/ illu/ration ( ?is po9t4 ,! direful maid5s pursue ,ore/es on acc\nt ( ! murd] ( 8 "m1 a murd] :i* ,apollo1 ! y\ng] god1 _h direct$1 9 ord] t ,agamemnon1 ! slaught]$ sp\se & k+1 %\ld n rema9 unav5g$4 ,! entire drama consequ5tly is conc5trat$ 9 a conflict betwe5 ^! div9e ,p[]s1 :i* confront ea* o!r 9 p]son4 ,on ! "o side we h ! goddesses ( rev5ge1 ! ,eum5ides2 b !y are call$ "h ! b5efic5t1 & our ord9>y conception ( ! ,furies1 into :i* we conv]t !m1 is set be=e u z rude & unc\?4 ,= !y possess an ess5tial "r ?us to p]secute1 & are !re=e n m]ely hateful1 wild1 & f]oci\s 9 ! torm5ts :i* !y impose4 ,! "r1 h[ev]1 :i* !y en=ce z aga9/ ,ore/es is only ! family-"r 9 s f> z ?is is root$ 9 ! blood relation4 ,! pr(\nde/ association ( son & "m is ! sub/antive fact :i* !y repres5t4 ,apollo opposes to ?is natural e?ical relation1 root$ z x is already bo? on ! physical side & 9 feel+1 ! "r ( ! sp\se & ! *iefta9 :o has be5 violat$ 9 respect to ! highe/ "r he c claim4 ,?is di/9ction is 9 ! fir/ in/ance br\ght to our notice 9 an ext]nal way s9ce bo? p>ties are *ampions = morality )9 "o & ! same sph]e1 namely ! family4 ,! /]l+#aff imag9ation ( ,aes*ylus has1 h[ev]1 "h--& we _c suffici5tly value x on ?is score--discov]$ = u a contradiction1 :i* is n by any means a sup]ficial "o1 b ( fundam5tal significance4 ,t is to say1 ! relation ( *ildr5 to p>5ts reposes on ! unity ( ! natural nexus2 ! association ( man & wife on ! contr>y mu/ be accept$ z m>riage1 :i* does n m]ely proce$ f purely natural love1 t is f ! blood or natural aff9ity1 b orig9ates out ( a consci\s incl9ation1 & = ?is reason belongs to ! free e?ical sph]e ( ! self-consci\s w4 ,h[ev] mu*1 !re=e1 m>riage is b\nd up ) love & feel+ x is none ! less to be di/+ui%$ f ! purely natural emotion ( love1 because x also freely recognizes def9ite obligations q indep5d5t ( ! same1 :i* p]si/ :5 t feel+ ( love may h ceas$4 ,! notion1 9 %ort1 & ! k ( ! sub/antiality ( m>ital life is some?+ lat] & m pr(\nd ?an ! purely natural connection betwe5 "m & son1 & con/itutes ! beg9n+ ( ! ,/ate z ! realization ( ! free & rational w4 ,9 l mann] we %all f9d resid5t 9 ! relation ( pr9ce to citiz5 ! association ( a simil> political "r1 law1 & ! self-consci\s fre$om & spirituality ( simil> social aims4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! ,eum5ides1 ! anci5t goddesses1 pursue ,ore/es ) puni%m5t1 :]eas ,apollo--! cle>1 kn[+ & self-consci\sly kn[+ e?ical s5se--def5ds ! "r ( ! sp\se & ! *ief1 ju/ly oppos+ ! ,eum5ides3 ,if ! crime ( ,clytemne/ra 7 n sc5t$ out ,i %\ld be 9 v]ity )\t hon\r & despis$ z n\ght by ! consummator ,"h & ! ,c\ncils ( ,zeus#afg4 ,( /ill great] int]e/1 albeit :olly involv$ 9 human feel+ & action1 is ! contradiction :i* we h set be=e u 9 ! ,antigone1 "o ( ! mo/ sublime1 & 9 e respect mo/ consummate "w ( art human ef=t ev] produc$4 ,n a detail 9 ?is trag$y b is ( consequ5ce4 ,! public law ( ! ,/ate & ! in/9ctive family-love & duty t[>ds a bro!r are "h set 9 conflict4 ,antigone1 ! woman1 is pa!tically possess$ by ! int]e/ ( family2 ,kreon1 ! man1 by ! welf>e ( ! community4 ,polynices1 9 w> ) 8 own fa!r-city1 _h fall5 be=e ! gates ( ,!bes1 & ,kreon1 ! "l !re(1 _h by means ( a public proclamation ?reat5$ ev]yone ) dea? :o %\ld give ?is enemy ( ! city ! "r ( burial4 ,antigone1 h[ev]1 refus$ to accept ?is comm&1 :i* m]ely conc]n$ ! public weal1 &1 con/ra9$ by h] pi\s devotion = h] bro!r1 c>ri$ out z si/] ! sacr$ duty ( int]m5t4 ,9 do+ ?is %e reli$ on ! law ( ! gods4 ,! gods1 h[ev]1 :om %e ?us rev]$1 are ! ,dei inf]i ( ,hades#afh1 ! in/9ctive ,p[]s ( feel+1 ,love & k9%ip1 n ! daylight gods ( free & self-consci\s1 social1 & political life4 77 ,! ?ird po9t1 :i* we w\ld adv]t to 9 connection ) ! !ogony ( ! outlook ( arti/s 9 ! classic p]iod1 has ref]5ce to ! diff]5ce betwe5 individuals ( ! old] gods relatively to _! p[]s & ! duration ( _! au?ority4 77 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! orig9 ( ^! gods is a succession4 ,f ,*aos1 accord+ to ,hesiod1 proce$s ,gaia1 ,uranos1 & o!rs1 aft] t ,kronos & 8 race1 f9ally ,zeus & 8 subjects4 ,?is succession appe>s 9 "o aspect ( x z a rise f ! m ab/ract & =mless to ! m concrete & already fairly def9$ p[]s ( ,nature2 9 ano!r z ! beg9n+s ( ! sup]iority ( ! spiritual ov] ! natural4 ,?us 9 8 ,eum5ides ,aes*ylus makes ! ,py?ia 9 ! temple ( ,delphi beg9 ) ! words3 ,fir/ ( all ,i rev]e 9 my pray] h] :o fir/ gave u oracles1 ,gaia1 & aft] h] ,!mis1 :o z second aft] h] "m _h h] prophetic seat 9 ?is place4 ,pausanias1 on ! o!r h&1 :o also names ! ,e>? fir/ z giv] ( oracles1 says t ,daphne 0 orda9$ by h] aft]w>ds 9 ! prophetic (fice4 ,9 ano!r s]ies aga9 ,p9d> places ,night 9 ! fir/ place1 aft] h] he makes ,!mis foll[1 !n comes ,phoebe1 & f9ally he closes ! succession ) ,phoebus4 ,x w\ld be ( int]e/ to analyse m closely ^! p>ticul> diff]5ces2 su* an inquiry1 h[ev]1 lies outside our pres5t purpose4 77 ,?is succession fur!r1 9 addition to its aspect ( be+ an ext5sion into ess5tially pr(\nd] conceptions ( godhead1 possess+1 t is1 a full] cont5t1 also appe>s z ! degradation ( ! e>li] & m ab/ract type )9 ! range ( ! old] race ( gods itself4 ,! prim>y & mo/ anci5t p[]s are robb$ ( _! ma/]dom1 j z we f9d ,kronos de?ron$ ,uranos1 & ! lat] repres5tatives are set up 9 _! place4 77 ,9 ?is way ! negative relation ( ! re=mation#afi1 :i* we settl$ at once to be ! ess5ce ( ?is fir/ /age ( ! classic type ( art1 becomes ! prop] c5tre ( ! same4 ,& x is s = ! reason t p]sonification is "h ! univ]sal =m1 9 :i* ! gods are pres5t$ to ! imag9ation1 & ! progressive movem5t comes into opposition ) human & spiritual individuality4 ,& al?\gh ?is appe>s 9 ! fir/ in/ance /ill 9 a =m indet]m9ate & =mless1 we necess>ily f9d t ! imag9ation pres5ts ?is negative attitude ( ! y\ng] gods aga9/ ! m anci5t "u ! image ( conflict & w>4 ,! ess5tial advance is1 h[ev]1 f ,nature to ,_s1 imply+ by ! latt] ! true cont5t & ! real =m appropriate to classical art4 ,?is progress & ! conflicts by means ( :i* we p]ceive t x is c>ri$ =w>d1 belong no long] exclusively to ! sph]e ( ! old gods1 b c5tre 9 ! w> ?r\gh :i* ! new gods lay ! f\ndation ( _! endur+ ma/]y ov] ! anci5t4 7c7 ,! opposition betwe5 ,nature & ,_s is 9 ! nature ( ! case inevitable4 ,= ! notion ( ,_s1 z 9 v tru? totality1 is1 z we h already se51 ess5tially simply ?is1 to split itself 9 twa91 t is into its intr9sic con/itu5ts z objectivity & z subject1 9 ord] t by means ( ?is opposition x may em]ge f ,nature & confront ! same =?) free & jubilant z vanqui%] & sup]ior might4 ,?is fundam5tal phase1 root$ 9 ! v ess5ce ( ,_s1 is consequ5tly a mat]ial aspect 9 ! conception :i* x supplies to itself ( t nature4 ,reg>d$ hi/orically1 t is on ! plane ( ord9>y reality1 ?is passage ass]ts itself z ! recon/ruction ?r\gh progressive /eps ( ! natural man into ! condition :]e "r1 prop]ty1 laws1 con/itution & political life are p>am\nt4 ,reg>d$ "u a mode :i* relates ?is process to gods & sub specie et]nitatis x becomes ! conception ( ! victory ov] ! natural ,p[]s by means ( ! spiritual & individual ,div9ities4 77 ,?is conte/ exposes an absolute cata/rophe1 & is ! ess5tial de$ ( ! gods1 by virtue ( :i* ! fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 ! old & new gods is fir/ made visible4 ,consequ5tly we ought n to po9t to ! w>1 :i* exposes ?is di/9ction z a my?ical /ory 9 ! same way we %\ld po9t to any o!r my?2 r we %\ld reg>d x z ! my?os1 :i* 9 fact punctuates a great mom5t ( transition1 & expresses ! creation ( ! lat] !ogony4 77 ,! result ( ?is viol5t /rife among ! gods is ! ru9 ( ! ,titans1 ! unique victory ( ! new gods1 :o =?) receive 9 _! assur$ dom9ion a pl5itude ( gifts 9 e direction f ! imag9ation4 ,! ,titans1 on ! o!r h&1 are bani%$1 & compell$ to huddle 9 ! holl[s ( ! ,e>?1 or1 l ,oceanos1 dally on ! d>k skirts ( ! cle>1 joyful _w1 or /ill endure _m griev\s puni%m5ts4 ,prome!us1 = example1 is fett]$ on ! ,scy?ian m\nta9s1 :]e an eagle insatiable dev\rs ! liv] t ev] r5ews itself4 ,9 l mann] an inf9ite & inexhau/ible ?ir/ torm5ts ,tantalus 9 ! l[] _w1 & ,sisyphus is = ev] con/ra9$ to roll up hill 9 va9 ! rock t = ev] rolls back aga94 ,^! puni%m5ts are1 9 tru?1 ! false type ( inf9ity1 ! ye>n+ ( ! indef9ite aspiration or ! unsatisfi$ crav+ ( natural desires1 :i* 9 _! et]nal repetition fail to discov] re/ or f9al satisfaction4 ,= ! truly godlike intuition ( ! ,greeks reg>d$ ! m]e ext5sion into space & ! region ( ! indef9ite1 n1 z "s mod]n vot>ies ( su* long+s d1 z ! highe/ atta9m5t ( mank9d1 b z a damnation :i* x relegates to ,t>t>us4 77 ,if we ask ourselves 9 a g5]al way1 :at f ?is po9t mu/ = classical art fall into ! backgr\nd1 fail+1 t is1 to h any "r to figure z its f9al =m & adequate cont5t1 we %all f9d at ! e>lie/ po9t ( dep>ture ! elem5ts ( ,nature4 ,) !m disappe> f ! _w ( ! new gods all t is gloomy#agj1 fanta/ical1 void ( cl>ity1 e wild confusion betwe5 ,nature & ,_s1 betwe5 significances ess5tially sub/antive & ! accid5tal incid5ts ( ext]nality4 ,9 a _w su* z ?is ! creations ( an unre/rict$ imag9ation1 :i* has n yet = its pr9ciple ! measure ( spiritual proportion1 h no place1 & are compell$ & ju/ly s to vani% be=e ! cle> light ( day4 ,we may furbi% up ! mon/r\s ,cabeiri#aga1 ! ,corybantes1 ^! repres5tatives ( procreative =ce z mu* z we *oose1 yet = all t su* pres5tations 9 e trait ( !m--to say no?+ ( ! anci5t ,baubo1 :om ,goe! sets c>e]+ ov] ! ,blocksb]g on an old s[--belong to a great] or less degree to ! twilight ( consci\sness4 ,only t :i* is spiritual imp]atively dem&s ! light2 & t :i* does n reveal itself & 9 itself exp\nd its own int]pretation is ! unspiritual1 :i* fades aga9 once m into ,night & obscurity4 ,t :i* is ( ,_s on ! contr>y reveals itself1 & purifies itself1 by itself def9+ its ext]nal =m1 f ! caprice ( ! imag9ation1 ! flood ( ob/ruct+ %apes1 & ! o!rwise p]turb$ accessories ( symbolical s5se4 ,= ! same reasons we n[ f9d t human activity1 9 s f> z x is limit$ m]ely to ,nature's wants & _! satisfaction1 falls into ! backgr\nd4 ,t old "r1 ,!mis1 ,dike & ! re/1 z "o n det]m9ate ?r\gh laws :i* orig9ate 9 self-consci\s ,_s1 loses its unimpair$ validity1 & 9 ! same way1 if conv]sely1 t :i* is purely local1 albeit !re is /ill room left = its play1 passes by incorporation into ! univ]sal figures ( ! gods2 9 :i* we may /ill trace ! l+]+ ve/iges t rema9 ( x4 ,= z 9 ! ,trojan w> ! ,greeks f\ght & conqu]$ z "o p1 s1 too1 ! ,hom]ic gods1 :o already h _! conflict ) ! ,titans beh9d !m 9 ! pa/1 are "o ess5tially secure & def9$ god-_w1 a _w :i* is yet fur!r ) ev]-increas+ fulness made def9ite & unassailable by lat] poetry & ! pla/ic arts4 ,?is inv9cible consi/5cy#agb is 9 its relation to ! cont5t ( ! ,greek _w ( gods ,_s & only ,_s2 b n ,_s 9 its ab/ract ideality1 b z id5tifi$ ) its ext]nal & adequate exi/5ce1 j z ) ,plato s\l & body1 z 9 union br\ght into "o nature & 9 ?is consolidation f "o piece1 is at once ! ,div9e & ,et]nal4 #c4 ,,! ,,positive ,,cons]vation ,,( ,,! ,,conditions ,,set ,,up ,,?r\gh ,,negation ,despite1 !n1 ! victory ( ! new gods t :i* came be=e !m /ill rema9s 9 ! classical type ( art p>tly pres]v$ & rev]$ 9 ! orig9al =m 9 :i* we h already recogniz$ x1 p>tly "u a transmut$ mode4 ,x is only ! limit$ ,jewi% national god :i* is unable to tol]ate o!r gods 9 its company = ! reason t x purports z ! "o god to include ev]y?+1 al?\gh 9 reg>d to ! def9ition ( its =m x fails to pass beyond its exclusiv5ess :]e9 ! god is m]ely ! ,god ( ,8 own p4 ,su* a god manife/s 8 univ]sality 9 fact only ?r\gh 8 creation ( ,nature & z ,"l ( ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,= ! re/ he rema9s ! god ( ,abraham1 :o l$ 8 p ,israel out ( ,egypt1 gave !m laws on ,s9ai1 & divid$ ! l& ( ,canaan among ! ,jews4 ,& ?r\gh ?is n>r[ id5tification ( him ) ! ,jewi% nation he is 9 a q peculi> way ! god ( ?is folk2 & consequ5tly1 speak+ g5]ally1 nei!r /&s 9 positive consonance ) ,nature1 nor appe>s truly z absolute ,_s ref]able back f 8 det]m9ate "* & objectivity to 8 univ]sality4 ,consequ5tly ?is au/]e1 national god is s jeal\s1 & orda9s 9 8 jeal\sy t m5 %all see else:]e m]ely false idols4 ,! ,greeks1 on ! contr>y1 discov]$ _! gods among o!r nations & accept$ :at 0 =eign among !mselves4 ,= ! god ( classical art has spiritual & bodily individuality & is = ?is reason n ! "o & only "o1 b m]ely a p>ticul> godhead1 :i*1 z ev]y?+ else t %>es p>ticul>ity1 has a circle ( p>ticul>ity :i* surr\nds x or 9 opposition to x z its ,o!r1 f :i* x is ! result1 & :i* is qualifi$ to pres]ve its validity & wor?4 ,! process "h is analog\s to t ( ! p>ticul> divisions ( ,nature4 ,al?\gh ! _w ( vegetation is ! tru? ( ! geological image ( ,nature1 ! animal aga9 ! high] tru? ( ! vegetable1 yet ! m\nta9s & ! flood$ l& p]si/ z ! solid basis ( trees1 %rubs1 & fl[]s1 :i* 9 _! turn d n lose _! exi/5ce alongside ! _w ( animals4 7a7 ,! e>lie/ =m "u :i* among ! ,greeks we come ^u ?is anci5t residue1 are ! ,my/]ies4 ,! ,greek ,my/]ies 7 no?+ secret 9 ! s5se t ! ,greek nation 0 n 9 a g5]al way aw>e ( _! cont5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! majority ( ! ,a!nians & a l>ge numb] ( =eign]s 7 among ! initiat$ 9 ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies2 b !y 7 n p]mitt$ to speak ( t 9 :i* !y _h be5 in/ruct$ ?r\gh initiation4 ,9 our own times p h be5 at great pa9s to discov] m ne>ly ! type ( conceptions :i* prevail$ 9 ^! my/]ies1 & to inve/igate ! k9d ( religi\s s]vices :i* 7 us$ 9 _! celebration4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t on ! :ole !re 0 no ext5sive wisdom or pr(\nd k conceal$ 9 ! ,my/]ies4 ,!y m]ely pres]v$ ! old traditions1 ! basis1 t is1 ( :at 0 latt]ly recon/ruct$ by ! g5u9e type ( art1 & consequ5tly1 s f> f conta9+ ! true1 high]1 & m valuable cont5t1 r unfold$ t :i* 0 ( less significance & ( inf]ior rank4 ,:atev] x 01 ?is hol9ess 0 n cle>ly express$ 9 ! my/]ies1 b m]ely h&$ d[n 9 its symbolical features4 ,& 9 fact ?is "* ( secrecy & retic5ce is b\nd up ) ! old telluric1 sid]eal1 & ,titanic deposit2 ,_s alone is ! reveal$ & ! self-reveal]4 ,consonant1 too1 ) ?is x is ! symbolical mode ( expression :i* con/itutes ! o!r aspect ( secrecy 9 ! my/]ies1 because 9 symbolism ! int]pretation rema9s obscure1 & conta9s a some?+ o!r ?an ! ext]nal image1 :i* x purports to display1 9 fact (f]s to ! view4 ,9 ?is s5se1 = example1 ! my/]ies ( ,demet] & ,bac*us 71 x is true1 spiritually int]pret$1 & conta9$ a pr(\nd] s5se4 ,! =m ( ! same rema9$ q ext]nally isolate f ?is cont5t1 s t x 0 impossible cle>ly to dis5gage x f x4 ,consequ5tly ! ,my/]ies _h v little influ5ce ov] art2 = ?\gh we are told ( ,aes*ylus1 t he willfully betray$ some?+ :i* atta*$ to ! ,demet] my/]ies1 ?is m]ely am\nts to an ass]tion on 8 "p t ,artemis _h be5 ! daught] ( ,c]es1 :i* is n v pr(\nd wisdom aft] all4 7b7 ,b1 secondly1 we f9d t ! rev]5ce & pres]vation ( ! old rgime is yet m cle>ly indicat$ 9 actual arti/ic repres5tation4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ,prome!us z ! *a/is$ ,titan :o appe>s 9 ! /age imm$iately prior to t ( g5u9e art4 ,we meet ) him h[ev] aga9 z deliv]$4 ,= z ! ,e>? & z ! ,sun1 s also ! fire1 :i* ,prome!us br\ght d[n to m51 t is1 ! eat+ ( fle%1 :i* he taught !m1 is an ess5tial feature ( human life1 a necess>y condition = ! satisfaction ( _! ne$s2 & consequ5tly ,prome!us is hon\r$ ) an endur+ recognition#agc4 ,9 ! ,o$ipus ,colonos ( ,sophocles we h ! words3 _/ o o ' oo e ,t o#agd _/ & ! s*olia/ adds t ,prome!us 0 rev]$ 9 ! ,academy along ) ,a!ne1 z ,hephae/os 01 & a temple 0 %[n 9 a grove ( ! goddess1 & an anci5t p$e/al ne> ! entrance1 :]e !re 0 n only an image ( ,hephae/os1 b also "o ( ,prome!us4 ,prome!us1 h[ev]1 accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ,lysima*ides1 0 repres5t$ z prim>y & m anci5t1 & he held 9 8 h& a sceptre2 ,hephae/os z ! y\ng] & 9 ! second place1 & ! alt> on ! p$e/al 0 %>$ by bo?4 ,prome!us1 !n1 accord+ to ! tale1 0 n oblig$ to endure 8 *a/isem5t = ev]1 b 0 releas$ f 8 fett]s by ,h]cules4 ,9 ?is /ory ( 8 lib]ation we come across c]ta9 rem>kable traits4 ,9 o!r words1 ,prome!us is deliv]$ f 8 agony because he in=ms ,zeus ( ! dang] :i* ?reat5s 8 empire at ! h&s ( ! ?irte5? desc5dant4 ,?is desc5dant is ,h]cules1 to :om1 we may add 9 illu/ration1 ,poseidon exclaims 9 ! ,birds ( ,ari/ophanes#age1 he w d himself an injury1 if he /rike a b>ga9 ) ref]5ce to ! transf]5ce ( ! div9e head%ip1 = all t ,zeus leaves beh9d him on 8 decease w mo/ assur$ly take place4 ,&1 9 fact1 ,h]cules is ! only man :o pass$ ov] into ,olympus1 became a god aft] be+ a man1 & /&s high] ?an ,prome!us1 :o rema9$ a ,titan4 ,moreov]1 ! ov]turn+ ( ! old race ( tyrants is intimately connect$ ) ! "n ( ,h]cules & ! ,h]aklidae4 ,! ,h]aklidae break up ! p[] ( ! old dyna/ies & royal h\ses1 9 :i* we may rem>k ! selfi% desire ( p]sonal aggr&izem5t & lawlessness no less ?an disreg>d = _! subjects admitt$ no judicial re/ra9t1 & consequ5tly 0 responsible = ! grosse/ cruelties4 ,h]cules1 ?\gh himself 9 ! s]vice ( a sup]ior "l1 ov]came ! savag]y ( ?is despotism4 ,9 a simil> way we may1 to l+] once m = a mom5t by ! illu/rations we adduc$ on a =m] page1 recall aga9 to our read]s ! ,eum5ides ( ,aes*ylus4 ,! conflict betwe5 ,apollo & ! ,eum5ides is to be settl$ by ! int]v5tion ( ! ,areopagus4 ,9 o!r words1 a human tribunal1 z a :ole1 at ^: head /&s ,a!ne1 /&s =? z ! concrete _s ( ! folk1 & is z su* to t]m9ate ! collision4 ,! judges1 h[ev]1 give an equal numb] ( votes = condemnation & acquittal1 hav+ an equal rev]5ce bo? = ! ,eum5ides & ,apollo2 ! :ite pebble ( ,a!ne1 h[ev]1 decides ! conflict 9 fav\r ( ,apollo4 ,! ,eum5ides break out 9 indignation aga9/ ?is decision ( ,a!ne2 %e1 h[ev]1 allays _! wra? by promis+ !m wor%ip & alt>s 9 ! fam\s grove ( ,colonos4 ,:at ! ,eum5ides h to give 9 return to h] p is a protection aga9/ ! evils#agf :i* result f ! elem5ts ( ,nature1 ! e>?1 ! heav5s1 ! sea1 & ! w9ds2 !y h fur!r to w>d (f unfruitfulness 9 ! fields1 ! failure ( liv+ se$1 & misbir?s 9 all else t is procreat$4 ,pallas1 on h] "p1 takes b5ea? h] protection ! /rife ( w>s & sacr$ conte/s4 ,ina simil> way ,sophocles#agg1 9 8 ,antigone1 n only makes ,antigone suff] & die1 b to a l ext5t we f9d t ,kreon is puni%$ by ! loss ( 8 wife & ! dea? ( ,haemon1 bo? ( :om p]i% ?r\gh ! dea? ( ,antigone4 7c7 ,?irdly1 ! anci5t gods d n m]ely pres]ve _! place 9 juxtaposition to ! new1 b1 :at is ( m importance1 ! natural basis itself is ma9ta9$ by ! new gods1 & receives1 cont9u+ to made its e*o s\nd 9 !m1 if 9 con=mity ) ! spiritual individuality ( classical art1 a rev]5tial acceptance4 77 ,& = ?is reason p are n unfrequ5tly l$ into ! error ( conceiv+ ! ,greek gods1 9 respect to _! human "* & =m1 z m]e allegories ( su* natural elem5ts4 ,?is is n s4 ,9 ?is s5se we frequ5tly he> x /at$ t ,helios is ! god ( ! sun1 ,diana ! goddess ( ! moon1 or ,neptune ! god ( ! sea4 ,su* a sep>ation1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! natural elem5t1 z cont5t1 & ! humanly %ap$ p]sonification1 z =m1 no less ?an ! ext]nal association ( bo?1 reg>d$ m]ely z ! ma/]dom ( ! god ov] ! natural fact1 z we are accu/om$ to x 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is q inapplicable to ,greek conceptions4 ,we nev] f9d among ! ,greeks su* an expression z o o1 1 & s =?1 ?\gh x is q c]ta9 !y w\ld h us$ ) o!rs su* an expression = ! relation 9 "q1 _h x be5 compatible ) _! po9t ( view4 ,helios is ! sun z god4 77 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 at once insi/ on ! fur!r fact t ! ,greeks nev] reg>d$ m]e ,nature z itself div9e4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y reta9$ ! def9ite conception t :at 0 purely natural 0 n div9e4 ,?is is p>tly conta9$1 if unexpress$1 9 :at _! gods actually are1 9 "p also x is expressly /at$ s by !mselves4 ,plut>*1 = example1 9 8 essay ^u ,isis & ,osiris1 ref]s incid5tally to ! modes ( int]pretation curr5t ( my?s & div9ities4 ,osiris & ,isis belong to ! ,egyptian !ogony1 & _h yet m ( ! natural elem5t = _! cont5t ?an ! ,greek gods1 :o correspond to !m2 !y m]ely express ! long+ & conflict to escape out ( ! circle ( ,nature to t ( ,_s4 ,9 lat] times !y 7 v highly hon\r$ 9 ,rome1 & ! my/]ies alli$ ) !m 7 ( great importance4 ,yet = all t x is ,plut>*'s view t x w\ld be an int]pretation b5ea? ! level ( ! subject to ?9k ( expla9+ !m z sun1 e>?1 or wat]4 ,only t :i* 9 ! sun1 ,e>?1 & s =?1 is )\t measure or co-ord9ation1 defective or sup]flu\s1 c /rictly be ref]r$ to ! natural elem5ts1 & all t is good & con=mable to ord] is z exclusively a "w ( ,isis1 & ! rational pr9ciple1 ! o1 a "w ( ,osiris4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 ! natural z su* :i* is adduc$ z ! sub/antive cont5t ( ^! gods1 b ! spiritual pr9ciple1 ! univ]sal1 o1 reason1 con=mity to law4 ,by virtue ( ?is insight into ! spiritual nature ( ! gods1 ! m def9ite elem5ts ( ,nature1 !n1 _h also among ! ,greeks be5 diff]5tiat$ f ! lat] gods4 ,we h1 x is true1 gr[n accu/om$ to associate ,helios & ,sel5e1 to take two examples1 ) ,apollo & ,diana3 9 ,hom]1 h[ev]1 !y are pres5t$ z di/9ct4 ,! same rem>k applies to ,oceanos & o!rs4 77 ,b 9 ! ?ird place an e*o /ill l+]s 9 ! new gods ( ! natural p[]s1 ^: op]ative en]gies !mselves belong to ! spiritual individuality ( ! gods4 ,we h already indicat$1 at an e>li] /age1 ! basis ( ?is positive connection ( ! spiritual & natural 9 ! ideal ( classical art1 & may limit our obs]vations "h to a few illu/rations4 77 ,9 ,poseidon resides1 z 9 ,pontus & ,oceanus1 ! might ( ! _w-encircl+ sea1 b 8 p[] & activity ext5ds fur!r4 ,he built ,ilium & 0 a %ield ( ,a!ns4 ,g5]ally he is rev]$ z ! f\nd] ( cities1 9 s f> z ! sea is ! elem5t ( sea-f>+1 ( comm]ce1 & a bond betwe5 mank9d4 ,apollo1 9 l mann]1 is ! light ( k1 ( oracul> spee*1 & pres]ves1 moreov]1 a di/ant relation ) ,helios1 z ! natural light ( ! sun4 ,critics diff]1 no d\bt--take ,voss & ,creuz] = examples--z to :e!r ,apollo is ref]able to ! sun4 ,"o may1 h[ev]1 9 fact1 ass]t t he bo? is & is n ! sun1 s9ce he is n limit$ to its natural cont5t1 b is rais$ !reby to ! significance ( a spiritual import4 ,x is impossible to escape ! inevitable connection 9 :i* k & light1 ! light ( ,nature & t ( ,_s1 if we reg>d _! fundam5tal *>act]i/ics1 /& relatively to "o ano!r4 ,light reg>d$ z a elem5t ( ,nature is t :i* manife/s4 ,)\t our see+ ,light itself x makes visible to u ! illum9at$ objects ar\nd4 ,by means ( ,light ev]y?+ gr[s on ! plane ( contemplation = some?+ else4 ,_s1 t is ! free light ( consci\sness1 k1 & cognition1 possesses j ! same "* ( manife/ation4 ,! di/9ction1 ap>t f ! diff]5ces ( ! respective sph]es1 9 :i* ^! two modes ( manife/ation reveal !mselves1 consi/s simply 9 ?is1 t ,_s reveals itself1 & 9 t :i* x br+s u1 or :i* x assimilates z cont5t#agh1 rema9s con/ant to itself4 ,light1 h[ev]1 does n make itself appreh5sible to itself1 b1 on ! contr>y1 makes t :i* is o!r & ext]nal to itself appreh5sible2 & ?\gh1 no d\bt1 we may say ?is is done f its own res\rces1 yet x _c1 z ! ,_s c1 once m retire into itself4 ,= ?is reason x does n w9 ! high] unity :i* f9ds itself con/ant by itself 9 ano!r4 ,j z1 !n1 light & k are closely associat$1 we f9d 9 ,apollo1 z spiritual god1 /ill a recollection ( ! light ( ! sun4 ,= ?is reason ,hom]1 = example1 ascribes ! plague 9 ! camp ( ! ,greeks to ,apollo1 :i*1 9 su* a locality is 9 ! summ] sol/ice ascribable to ! op]ation ( ! sun4 ,we may add t 8 deadly arr[s h unque/ionably a symbolical ref]5ce to ! sol> rays4 ,9 ! ext]nal repres5tation x is ext]nal signs :i* m closely det]m9e "u :at specific int]pretation ! god %all be ma9ly accept$4 ,m p>ticul>ly :5 we foll[ up ! orig9s ( ! lat] gods we are able to recognize ! natural elem5t1 :i* ! gods ( ! classic ideal reta9 9 !mselves4 ,?is is a po9t :i* ,creuz] 9 p>ticul> has made cle>4 ,= example1 9 ! conception ( ,jupit] !re are _m features :i* indicate a sol> s\rce4 ,! twelve lab\rs ( ,h]cules1 ! exp$ition1 = example1 9 :i* he c>ries (f ! apples ( ! ,hesp]ides1 h relation bo? to ! sun & ! twelve mon?s4 ,at ! root ( ! conception ( ,diana we h ! di/9ct sugge/ion ( ! "m ( ,nature1 j z ! ,ephesian ,diana1 = example1 :i* floats betwe5 ! old _w & ! new1 has = h] fundam5tal cont5t ,nature g5]ally1 procreation & nutrition2 :i* latt] feature is cle>ly indicat$ 9 a "p ( h] ext]nal =m1 namely ! brea/s4 ,if we consid] ! ,greek ,artemis1 on ! o!r h&1 ! huntress1 :o slays wild animals1 we f9d t 9 h] humanly beautiful & maid5 =m & self-cont95cy1 ?is aspect falls entirely into ! backgr\nd1 al?\gh ! half moon & ! arr[s /ill di/9ctly recall to u ,sel5e4 ,to take ,aphrodite 9 ! same way1 ! m we foll[ h] back to h] orig9al s\rce 9 ,asia ! m %e approa*es a =ce ( ,nature4 ,once arriv$ 9 ,greece1 ! spiritual & m individual aspect ( h] grace1 *>m1 & love1 passion is m emphasiz$1 albeit "h1 too1 ! natural basis is by no means entirely abs5t4 ,9 ! same way ! productivity ( ,nature is1 no d\bt1 ! orig9al cradle :i* gives u ,c]es4 ,/>t+ f t we proce$ to ! spiritual cont5t1 ^: relations are develop$ f agriculture1 prop]ty1 etc4 ,! s\rce 9 ,nature ( ! ,muses is ! murmur ( ! spr+-wat]2 & ,zeus himself may be accept$ "u "o aspect z ! univ]sal ,p[] ( ,nature1 & is rev]$ z ! ,?und]]1 z ) ,hom] already ?und] is ! sign ( mis=tune or assi/ance1 is1 9 %ort1 an om51 & z su* is relative to t :i* is human & spiritual4 ,juno1 too1 implies a natural association ) ! firmam5t ( cl\d & ! heav5ly sph]e 9 :i* ! gods move to & fro4 ,s we are told1 = example1 t ,zeus laid ,h]cules on ! brea/ ( ,juno1 & f ! milk :i* sp\t$ !re\t fla%$ into be+ ! ,milky ,way4 77 ,j z1 !n1 9 ! lat] gods1 f "o po9t ( view ! univ]sal elem5ts ( ,nature are de?ron$1 :ile f ano!r !y are ma9ta9$1 we h ! same process repeat$ 9 t :i* is1 m /rictly speak+1 animal1 :i* we m]ely reg>d$ 9 a =m] passage on ! side ( its degradation4 ,we are n[ able to po9t out a m positive aspect "u :i* su* may be consid]$4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 9 ! classic gods ! symbolic mode ( configuration is aboli%$1 & !y secure z _! cont5t ! _s t is self-lum9\s1 ! symbolical significance ( animals mu/ t5d to pass away precisely 9 proportion z ! animal =m has tak5 to itself ! "r to m+le ) ! human "u a mode naturally ali5 to x4 ,x w !re=e appe> m]ely z a significant attribute1 & is e/abli%$ 9 juxtaposition to ! human =m ( ! gods4 ,?us we f9d ! eagle z att5dant on ,jupit]1 ! peacock on ,juno1 ! doves z accompany+ ,aphrodite1 ! h\nd1 ,anubis1 z wat*-dog ( ! l[] _w1 & s =?4 ,if1 !re=e1 !re is /ill a symbolical aspect :i* atta*es to ! ideals ( ! spiritual gods1 yet1 if contra/$ ) ! orig9al significance1 x w appe> ( little importance2 & ! natural significance1 if /rictly reg>d$1 :i* previ\sly con/itut$ ! ess5tial cont5t1 w m]ely p]si/ z a residue1 & m]e p>ticul> mode ( ext]nality1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its accid5tal "*1 m (t5 ?an n has a grotesque appe>ance1 = ! reason t ! =m] significance is no long] !re4 ,inasmu* z ! ideal cont5t ( ^! gods is t :i* p>takes ( ,_s & humanity1 ! ext]nality p]t95t to !m approximates to a human cont+5cy & weakness4 ,9 ?is connection we may once m recall to memory ! num]\s love affairs ( ,zeus4 ,accord+ to _! orig9al symbolic significance1 !y are relat$1 z we already h se51 to ! univ]sal activity ( g5]ation1 t is1 ! vitality ( ,nature4 ,z ! love affairs ( ,zeus1 h[ev]1 :i*1 9 s f> z 8 m>riage ) ,"h is to be reg>d$ z ! p]man5t & sub/antive sexual relation1 appe> 9 ! light ( an infidelity t[>ds 8 sp\se1 !y h ! complexion ( accid5tal adv5tures1 & ex*ange _! symbolical s5se = unconnect$ tales :i* possess ! "* ( purely caprici\s inv5tion4 ,) ?is degradation ( ! p[]s :i* are purely natural & ( ! animal aspect no less ?an ( ! ab/ract univ]sality ( spiritual relations1 & ) ! re-acceptance ( ! same )9 ! spiritual individuality1 p]meat$ & ,suffus$ z x is ) ,nature1 we leave beh9d u ! orig9s ( classical art :i* are /amp$ ) necessity & are presuppos$ by its ess5ce1 inasmu* z x is on ?is pa? t ! ,ideal evolves itself by its own ag5cy ) t :i* x is accord+ to its notion4 ,?is reality ( ! spiritual gods adequate to its notion c>ries u on to ! g5u9e ,ideals ( ! classical type ( art1 :i*1 9 contra/ to ! old rgime :i* has be5 vanqui%$1 repres5t immortality#agi1 = mortality g5]ally resides 9 ! incompatibility ( ! notion to its det]m9ate exi/5ce4 ,footnote #aci3 ,als e9e ,unwrdigkeit4 ,z some?+ unwor?y ( ! full notion ( its gods4 ,footnote #adj3 ,t is1 ! relegation ( x to a position ( inf]iority4 ,footnote #ada3 ,?is is ! ,g]man ^w4 ,by g5ius ,i presume ,hegel means ! famili> _s ( a p>ticul> animal4 ,app>5tly ?is r ?an k9d4 ,iliad1 ,,ii1 #cjh2 ,,xii1 #bjh4 ,footnote #adb3 ,odyss4 ,,xiv1 #dad2 ,,xxiv1 #bae4 ,footnote #adc3 ,metam4 ,i1 vv4 #aej-bdc4 ,footnote #add3 ,metam4 ,,vi1 vv4 #ddj-fgf4 ,footnote #ade3 ,metam4 ,i1 vv4 #dea-efg4 ,footnote #adf3 ,ibid41 ,,ix1 vv4 #ded-fd4 ,footnote #adg3 ,ibid41 ,v1 v4 #cjb4 ,footnote #adh3 ,ibid41 vv4 #cai-ca4 ,footnote #adi3 ,h]od4 ,,ii1 #df4 ,footnote #aej3 ,creuz]1 ,symb4 ,i1 #dgg4 ,footnote #aea3 ,t is1 ! sph]e ( fauns z a "p ( ,nature4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,praktis*4 ,! contra/ is betwe5 ! philosophic contemplation & ! _w reg>d$ z ! sph]e ( human activity4 ,footnote #aec3 ,by ,umkehr ,hegel probably means a return 9 ! direction ( ! art ( ! ,sublime4 ,footnote #aed3 ,e95 be/immt5 ,kreis4 ,! mean+ seems to be t ! circle ( examples is "h a cle>ly def9$ & limit$ "o z contra/$ ) ! vagu5ess ( ,ori5tal ,pan!ism4 ,footnote #aee3 ,h]od4 ,,ii1 #eb4 ,footnote #aef3 ,w> e9 ents*eid5des ,mom5t4 ,t is1 0 "p ( ! oracul> reply4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,bo? word+ & punctuation ( ?is s5t5ce are at fault1 b ,i give ! s5se no d\bt int5d$4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,i am n sure :at is ref]r$ to "h by ,tel*95 & ,ptak54 ,footnote #aei3 ,das ,ganze1 means "h1 ,i ?9k1 ! :ole ( ,creation4 ,footnote #afj3 ,t is1 took no fur!r active int]e/ 9 human life4 ,footnote #afa3 ,politicus ex rec4 ,bekk4 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #bhc2 ,/eph4 #bgd4 ,footnote #afb3 ,protag4 ,i1 #a1 pp4 #agj-d2 ,/eph4 #cbj-c4 ,footnote #afc3 ,i h j above translat$ ,sitte ) ! ^w cu/om1 t is1 e?ical cu/om4 ,b ! contra/ "h is1 ,i ?9k1 betwe5 morality g5]ally 7sittli*7 & juridical "r 7,re*tli*e74 ,footnote #afd3 ,! argum5t ( ,hegel is +5i\s4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 h[ev]1 t 9 sev]al acc\nts ( ,prome!us1 notably t ( ,aes*ylus1 ,zeus is repres5t$ z ho/ile to human progress4 ,& x is r a /ra9 on ! facts to trace1 9 ! case ( ,c]es1 s mu* t is ( an e?ical col\r to agriculture1 & limit ! use ( fire simply to ! crafts ( ,hephae/os1 ignor+1 t is to say1 its dome/ic use altoge!r4 ,footnote #afe3 ,d] ,sittli*keit4 ,footnote #aff3 ,gehaltvolle4 ,t is1 intr9sically s\nd & sub/antial4 ,footnote #afg3 ,eum4 vv4 #bjf-i4 ,footnote #afh3 ,soph41 ,ant4 v4 #dea3 oo 4 ,footnote #afi3 ,umge/altung4 ,remodell+1 reorganization4 ,re=mation 9 lit]al s5se4 ,footnote #agj3 ,trbe4 ,tr\bl$ p]haps is bett]4 ,footnote #aga3 ,! ,cabeiri 7 my/ic ,p[]s4 ,aes*ylus wrote a drama "u ?is title4 ,! anci5ts diff] greatly z to _! orig9 & nature1 ,h]odotus assumes an ,egyptian orig94 ,footnote #agb3 ,fe/e is z a sub/antive a /ronghold1 & ?is may be ,hegel's mean+1 b ,i ?9k he uses x "h = ,fe/igkeit1 consi/5cy1 compact security4 ,footnote #agc3 ,! s5t5ce is n v cle>4 ,! s5se is t ,prome!us is hon\r$ z ! ,e>? & ,sun are hon\r$ by 8 assi/ance ( human ne$s4 ,footnote #agd3 ,vv4 #ed-f4 ,?is entire spot is sacr$2 awful ,poseidon holds x1 & !re9 is ! fire br++ god1 ! ,titan ,prome!us4 ,footnote #age3 ,vv4 #afde-h4 ,footnote #agf3 ,vv4 #ija et seq4 ,footnote #agg3 ,hegel means t 9 ! suff]+ ( ,kleon ,sophocles treats ! natural law ( ,antigone & ! high] law ( ! k+ on ! same t]ms4 ,footnote #agh3 ,lit41 :at is made = x1 e4g41 ! detail ( objective exp]i5ce4 ,footnote #agi3 ,unv]gngli*keit4 ,hegel no d\bt ref]s to ! epi!t always appli$ by ,hom] & o!r1 ,greek poets to ! gods ( ,olympus1 immortal4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,ideal ,,( ,,! ,,classical ,,type ,,( ,,art ,we h already se5 :at ! ess5ce ( ! ,ideal is 9 our g5]al consid]ation ( ! beauty ( art4 ,"h we are to take x m]ely 9 ! special s5se appropriate to ! classic ,ideal1 ^: notion has already pres5t$ itself 9 its g5]al features 9 its association ) ! notion ( ! classical art-type4 ,= ! ,ideal1 ( :i* we h n[ to speak1 consi/s simply 9 ?is1 t classical art 9 v tru? atta9s to & sets be=e u t :i* exposes its mo/ intimate notion4 ,z cont5t x grasps on ?is p>ticul> plane ! spiritual1 9 s f> z ?is ,_s attracts ,nature & h] p[]s to its own appropriate realm1 & sets itself be=e u 9 exposition n z m]e inw>dness & dom9ion ov] ,nature1 b fur!rmore accepts z its prop] =m1 human %ape1 de$1 & action1 ?r\gh :i* ! spiritual %9es =? cle>ly 9 p]fect fre$om1 & ! =m p5etrates ) its life into ! s5su\s mat]ial n m]ely z into a mode ( ext]nality symbolically significant1 b z actually into a det]m9ate exi/5ce1 :i* is ! adequate exi/5ce ( ,_s4 ,we may divide up1 !n1 ! pres5t *apt] into ! foll[+ sections3 ,we h 9 ! fir/ place to consid] ! g5]al "* ( ! classic ,ideal1 :i* possesses :at is p]t95t to humanity 9 its =m no less ?an its cont5t1 & elaborates bo? sides 9 ! complete/ consi/5cy "o ) ! o!r4 ,secondly1 h[ev]1 =asmu* z "h ! human is absorb$ :olly into ! bodily %ape & ext]nal appe>ance1 x becomes ! def9ite ext]nal %ape1 :i* 9 its con=mity is m]ely a def9$ cont5t4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 we h ! ,ideal be=e u at ! same "t z p>ticul>ity1 !re arises a def9ite numb] ( p>ticul> gods & p[]s 9 ! %ape ( human exi/5ce4 ,?irdly1 ?is p>ticul>ity does n p]si/ 9 ! ab/raction ( "o type ( def9ition1 ^: ess5tial "* w\ld con/itute ! entire cont5t & ! "o-sid$ pr9ciple = its repres5tation2 b r x is q z mu* ess5tially a totality & ! individual unity & congruity :i* is applicable to su*4 ,)\t ?is repletion su* p>ticul>ity w\ld rema9 cold & empty2 ! vitality ( ,life w\ld fail x1 a cont+5cy :i* is impossible to ! ,ideal 9 any relation :atev]4 ,we h n[ to consid] m n>r[ly ! ,ideal ( classical art accord+ to ^! ?ree aspects ( univ]sality1 p>ticul>ity1 & individual s+ul>ity4 #a4 ,,! ,,ideal ,,( ,,classical ,,art ,,g5]ally ,! que/ions :i* arise relatively to ! orig9s ( ! ,greek gods1 9 s f> z ! real c5tre = ideal reproduction results f !m1 we h already t\*$ ^u1 & se5 t !y belong to ! elaborat$ tradition ( art4 ,! modification t is incid5tal to t treatm5t c only proce$ by means ( ! tw(old degradation1 on ! "o h&1 ( ! univ]sal p[]s ( ,nature & _! p]sonification1 &1 on ! o!r1 ( ! animal con/itu5ts & its =m1 9 ord] t !reby x may w9 ! spiritual z its true det]m9ate sub/ance1 & also ! human mode ( appe>ance z its true =m4 7a7 ,we h describ$ h[ ! classical ,ideal fir/ really becomes actual ?r\gh su* a remodell+ ( t :i* came be=e ! e>lie/ aspect ( x4 ,along ) ?is we h above all to draw att5tion to j ?is fact1 t x is g5]at$ f m9d 7,_s71 & consequ5tly has orig9at$ 9 ! mo/ intimate & p]sonal res\rces ( ! poets & arti/s1 :o br\ght x into ! pres5ce ( consci\s life ) ! aid ( a ?\ghtful consid]ation z cle> z x 0 unfett]$ & ) ! di/9ct object ( arti/ic production4 ,9 opposition to ?is creation we h1 h[ev]1 app>5tly ! fact t ,greek my?ology reposes on e>li] traditions1 & conta9s di/9ct ref]5ces to =eign1 t is ,ori5tal1 matt]4 ,h]odotus1 = example1 al?\gh specifically ass]t+ 9 ! passage already cit$ t ,hom] & ,hesiod creat$ = ! ,greeks _! gods1 nev]!less 9 o!r passages associates closely ^! v ,greek gods ) o!r div9ities su* z ^? ( ,egypt4 ,= 9 ! second book#ahj he expressly n>rates t ,melampus gave ! "n ( ,dionysos to ! ,greeks1 fur!r introduc$ ! ,phallus & ! entire sacrificial fe/ival1 add+1 h[ev]1 ?is discrepant detail1 t ,melampus _h le>nt ! religi\s s]vice f ! ,tyrian ,kadmus & ! ,pho5icians1 :o came ) ,kadmus to ,boeotia4 ,^! contradictory /atem5ts h r\s$ int]e/ 9 our own times1 m p>ticul>ly z associat$ ) ,creuz]'s rese>*es1 :o endeav\rs to discov] 9 ,hom]1 = example1 anci5t my/]ies & ! s\rces :i* fl[$ 9 toge!r t[>ds ,greece1 :e!r !y be ,asiatic1 ,pelasgian1 ,dodonian1 ,?racian1 ,samo?racian1 ,phrygian1 ,indian1 ,buddhi/ic1 ,pho5ician1 ,egyptian1 or ,orphic1 to say no?+ ( ! inf9itely v>i$ peculi>ities ( specific localities & o!r details4 ,no d\bt x appe>s at fir/ sight :olly inconsi/5t ) ^! _m s\rces ( tradition t ^? poets %\ld h suppli$ ei!r ! names or ! sub/antial =m ( ! gods4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 to h>monize entirely bo? factors1 tradition1 & individual creation4 ,! tradition comes fir/2 x is ! po9t ( dep>ture1 :i* h&s d[n ! m]e +r$i5ts2 b = all t x does n contribute ! real cont5t & ! g5u9e =m ( ! gods4 ,?is sub/antive pres5ce is ! product ( ! g5ius ( ^? poets1 :o discov]$ by a process ( free elaboration ! true sub/antive =m ( ^! v gods & are consequ5tly 9 fact become ! creators ( t my?ology :i* awakes our admiration ( ,greek art4 ,yet = ?is reason ! ,hom]ic gods1 9 "o aspect ( !m1 are n to be tak5 z ! result m]ely ( ! poetic phantasy1 or no?+ m ?an caprici\s inv5tion4 ,!y h _! roots 9 ! g5ius & beliefs ( ! ,greek folk & ! religi\s basis ( t nation4 ,!y are ! absolute pot5cies & p[]s1 ! highe/ /ret* ( ! ,greek conception1 ! c5tral po9t ( ! beautiful reg>d$ univ]sally1 pres5t$1 s to speak1 by ! ,muses !mselves to ! poet4 ,9 ?is free h&l+1 !n1 ! arti/ takes up an entirely diff]5t position f t he occupies 9 ! ,ea/4 ,! ,h9doo poets & sages h also to beg9 ) mat]ial ready to "w ^u1 su* z ! elem5ts ( ,nature1 ! heav5s1 animals1 /reams1 & s =?1 or ! pure ab/raction ( ! =mless & cont5tless ,brahman4 ,_! en?usiasm1 h[ev]1 is a confusion ( ! ideal "*#aha ( ! subjectivity :i* accepts ! difficult task ( elaborat+ su* an ext]nal mat]ial to x1 an en?usiasm :i*1 9 ! unmeasur$ expansion ( its imag9ation1 :i* excludes e secure & absolute#ahb direction1 is unable to m\ld its creations con=mably to g5u9e fre$om ( expression & beauty1 & rema9s ! slave ( t mat]ial 9 uncontroll$ & rov+ productive activity4 ,x resembles1 9 fact1 a ma/]-build] :o has no firm f\ndation b5ea? him4 ,anci5t ru9s ( half dismantl$ walls1 m\nds1 & project+ rocks fett] him1 q ap>t f ! p>ticul> aims accord+ to :i* he desires to con/ruct 8 build+2 & he c only create a wild1 inh>moni\s1 & fanta/ical fabric4 ,9 o!r words1 t :i* he produces is n ! result ( 8 imag9ation freely act+ "u its own pla/ic g5ius4 ,conv]sely ! ,hebrew poets pres5t u ) revelations :i*1 x is said1 !y deliv] z ! ,"l's voice1 s t "h aga9 ! creative s\rce is an en?usiasm n fully self-consci\s2 x is sep>at$1 t is1 & di/9ct f individuality & ! productive g5ius ( ! arti/1 z 9 ! wisdom ( ! ,sublime g5]ally x is ! ab/ract & et]nal1 ess5tially 9 its relation to some?+ o!r ?an x & ext]nal1 :i* is consci\sly or imag9atively conceiv$4 ,9 classical art arti/s & poets are1 x is true1 also prophets & tea*]s1 :o decl>e & reveal to mank9d ! nature ( ! ,absolute & ,div9e4 ,b we mu/ emphasize "h ! foll[+ di/9ctions3 77 ,9 ! fir/ place ! cont5t ( _! gods is nei!r t appe>ance ( ,nature :i* is ext]nal to humanity nor ! m]e ab/raction ( "o ,godhead1 :]eby m]ely a sup]ficial =mulation or an inw>dness t is )\t cont5t is pres]v$4 ,_! cont5t is1 on ! contr>y1 d$uc$ f human life & exi/5ce1 & = ?is reason is t :i* is peculi> to ! human brea/2 a cont5t1 9 %ort1 ) :i* man himself c freely coalesce z at home ) himself1 :ile t :i* he ?us produces is ! faire/ product ( 8 own activity4 77 ,secondly1 ^! arti/s are at ! same "t poets1 t is1 m5 ( creative tal5t :o "w ! a=esaid mat]ial & its cont5t into a free & sub/antially indep5d5t =m4 ,z ?us reg>d$ ,greek arti/s are 9 all ess5tial respects creative poets4 ,!y h br\ght toge!r all ! v>i$ orig9al +r$i5ts into ! melt+-pot1 b !y h produc$ !reby no m]e bro?1 su* z might come f a wit*es' cauldron2 r !y did away ) all t is tr\bl$1 purely natural1 unclean1 =eign1 & )\t rational measure 9 ! pure flame ( ?is m pr(\nd _s2 !y made all gl[ toge!r & p]mitt$ ! =m to appe> at la/ purifi$1 albeit x /ill reta9$ a di/ant accord ) ! rud] mat]ial f :i* x 0 fa%ion$4 ,:at ma9ly conc]n$ !m 9 ?is "w consi/$ p>tly 9 ! w9n[+ away ( all t 0 9 _! inh]it$ mat]ial de/itute ( =m & beauty1 di/ort$ & symbolical1 & p>tly 9 ! prom95ce !y gave to :at 0 really spiritual1 :i* !y set !mselves to r5d] "u modes ( individuality1 & 9 ! int]e/ ( :i* !y _h to discov] gradually ! ext]nal appe>ance mo/ appropriate4 ,"h = ! fir/ "t we f9d t x is ! human =m & human actions & ev5ts1 n m]ely made use ( "u ! mode ( p]sonification1 :i*1 z we h already se51 necess>ily /& =? z ! uniquely adequate reality4 ,no d\bt ! arti/ discov]s ^! =ms1 too1 9 ! real _w2 b he has at ! same "t to eradicate all t is accid5tal & incongru5t 9 !m1 be=e !y are entitl$ to appe> z comm5surable ) t humanity1 :i*1 z ess5tially appreh5d$1 %all (f] to u ! image ( ! et]nal p[]s & gods4 ,& ?is is :at we call ! free & spiritual1 & n m]ely caprici\s production ( ! arti/4 77 ,&1 ?irdly1 = ! reason t ! gods are n m]ely /able exi/5ces 9 _! own _w1 b also are active )9 ! concrete reality ( ,nature & human1 ev5ts1 ! poet is fur!r conc]n$ to recognize ! pres5ce & activity ( ! gods 9 ?is relation to human1 fact1 to int]pret1 t is1 ! p>ticul>ity ( natural ev5t & human actions & de/9y :]e9 ! div9e p[]s are app>5tly int]fus$1 & to %>e ?us ! duties ( ! prie/ & ! se]4 ,we1 f ! po9t ( view ( our ev]yday prosaic reflection1 expla9 ! ph5om5a ( ,nature accord+ to univ]sal laws & =ces1 & int]pret ! actions ( mank9d z ! product ( _! subjective int5tions & self-propos$ aims4 ,! ,greek poets1 h[ev]1 h _! eyes ev]y:]e direct$ t[>d ! ,div9e1 & create1 by giv+ to human activities ! l(ti] col\r & habit ( div9e actions1 & by means ( su* int]pretation1 ! v>i\s aspects "u :i* ! p[] ( ! gods is made visible4 ,= a numb] ( su* int]pretations results 9 a numb] ( actions1 9 :i* we are made aw>e ( ! "* ( ?is or t god4 ,we h b to op51 = example1 ! ,hom]ic poems1 & we %all sc>cely meet ) a s+le ev5t ( importance :i* is n m closely elucidat$ z proce$+ f ! volition or actual assi/ance ( ! gods4 ,^! expositions are1 9 fact1 ! insight1 ! indep5d5tly creat$ belief1 ! intuitive conceptions ( ! poet1 j z ,hom] (t51 too1 gives expression to !m 9 8 own "n1 & 9 "p also places su* 9 ! m\? ( 8 *>act]s1 :e!r prie/ or h]o4 ,q at ! op5+ ( ! ,iliad1 = example1 he has himself expla9$ ! pe/il5ce 9 ! ,greek camp z ! result ( ! indignation ( ,apollo ov] ,agamemnon1 :o refus$ to release to ,*ryses 8 daught]s#ahc2 &1 9 a passage t foll[s1 he makes ,cal*as transmit ?is v int]pretation to ! ,greeks#ahd4 ,9 a simil> way ,hom] in=ms u 9 ! conclud+ canto ( ! ,odyssey--on ! occasion :5 ,h]mes conduct$ ! %ades ( ! inanimate suitors to ! mead[s ( ,asphodel1 & !y f9d !re ,a*illes & ! o!r deceas$ h]oes1 :o f\ght be=e ,troy1 & f9ally1 too1 ,agamemnon jo9s !m--h[ ! la/-m5tion$ describes ! dea? ( ,a*illes#ahe3 ,! :ole day long _h ! ,greeks f\ght2 & :5 at la/ ,zeus sep>at$ ! combatants1 !y c>ri$ ! noble body to ! %ips1 & wa%$ x1 weep+ (t5 ! :ile1 & embalm$ x4 ,!n !re arose a div9e upro> on ! sea1 & ! affright$ ,a*aeans w\ld h be5 flung headlong into _! holl[ %ips1 _h n an ag$ & mu* kn[+ man1 ,ne/or to wit1 re/ra9$ !m1 ^: advice _h also prov$ ! wise/ on =m] occasion4 ,ne/or !n int]prets = !m ! ph5om5on 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,! "m#ahf comes =? f ! sea ) ! immortal sea-goddesses1 9 ord] to meet h] deceas$ son4 ,& ! great-he>t$ ,a*aeans at ?is ^w let _! fe> dep>t f !m4 ,t is to say1 !y knew !n ( :at k9d x 0--( human orig9--! "m 9 h] grief comes t[>d him2 :at !y %all see & he> is t :i* f9ds its response 9 !mselves4 ,a*illes is h] son1 %e is h]self full ( grief4 ,& 9 ?is ve9 ,agamemnon1 turn+ t[>ds ,a*illes1 cont9ues 8 n>rative ) a description ( ! univ]sal sorr[3 ,& ar\nd !e /ood ! daught]s ( ! anci5t ( ! sea1 lam5t+1 & !y rob$ !mselves 9 ambrosial g>m5ts2 & ! ,muses also1 ! n9e 9 conclave1 wail$ by turns 9 beautiful song2 & !re 0 ,i we5 no man ( ! ,argives to be se5 )\t te>s1 s greatly did ! cle>-ton$ song move all4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ano!r div9e app>ition 9 ! ,odyssey :i* has always 9 ?is connection mo/ p>ticul>ly fasc9at$ me 9 my /udy ( x4 ,odysseus 9 8 sea-w&]+s1 insult$ among ! ,phaeacians dur+ ! sports ov] :i* ,euryalos presides1 because he refus$ to take "p 9 ! rival ?r[+ ( ! discus1 makes answ] indignantly ) d>k looks & h>d words4 ,he !n /&s up1 seizes a disk1 l>g] & heavi] ?an ! re/1 & hurls x f> & away ov] ! m>k4 ,"o ( ! ,phaeacians m>ks d[n ! ?r[ & calls out3 ,ev5 a bl9d man c\ld see ! /one2 x does n lie )9 ! m$ley ( ! re/1 b f> beyond4 ,?\ ha/ no?+ to fe> 9 ?is conte/2 !re is no ,phaeacian :o w rea* or surpass su* a ?r[ z ?9e is4 ,s he spake2 b ! mu*-endur+ div9e ,odysseus rejoic$ to see a well-dispos$ fri5d 9 ! li/s4 ,& ?is ^w1 ?is fri5dly nod ( ! ,phaeacian ,hom] int]prets z ! fri5dly app>ition ( ,a!ne4 7b7 ,( :at k9d1 !n1 we may fur!r ask1 are ! products ( ?is classical mode ( arti/ic activity1 ( :at type are ! new gods ( ,greek art8 77 ,x is _! conc5trat$ individuality :i* pres5ts to u ! mo/ g5]al & at ! same "t mo/ complete idea ( _! intr9sic "*1 9 s f>1 t is1 z ?is individuality is br\ght toge!r out ( ! v>iety ( accid5tal traits1 isolat$ actions1 & ev5ts into ! "o focus ( _! simple & self-exclusive unity4 77 ,:at appeals to u 9 ^! gods is fir/ ( all ! spiritual & sub/antive individuality1 :i*1 )drawn into itself z x is out ( ! motley %[ ( ! p>ticul> m$ium ( necessity1 &1 ! _m-purpos$ unre/ ( ! f9ite condition1 reposes on its own inviolable univ]sality1 z on an et]nal & intelligible f\ndation4 ,x is only ?us t ! gods appe> z ! imp]i%able p[]s1 ^: untr\bl$ rule is made visible to u n 9 ! p>ticul> ev5t 9 its evolution ) some:at else & ext]nal to x1 b freely 9 its own un*angeabl5ess & intr9sic wor?4 77 ,conv]sely1 h[ev]1 !y are n by any means ! b>e ab/raction ( spiritual g5]alities1 & !reby s-call$ g5]al ,ideals1 b 9 s f> z !y are individuals !y appe> z "o ,ideal1 an ess5tially ( itself det]m9ate exi/5ce1 & consequ5tly "o t is def9$1 9 o!r words "o t z ,_s possesses *>act]ization4 ,)\t "* we c h no individuality4 ,f ?is po9t ( view we f9d1 z we h already indicat$ previ\sly1 t !re is at ! root ( ^! spiritual gods a def9ite natural =ce1 ) :i* a def9ite e?ical consi/5cy#ahg is bl5d$1 su* z imposes on e p>ticul> god di/9ct b\nds to ! sph]e ( 8 activity4 ,! manifold aspects & traits :i* are =?com+ by reason ( ?is *>act]ization z p>ticul> p]sons1 be+ 9 ?is way conc5trat$ 9 ! po9t ( a true self-id5tity1 con/itute ! *>act]s ( ! gods4 77 ,9 ! true ,ideal1 h[ev]1 ?is def9ition ought j z little to t]m9ate 9 ! blunt re/riction ( pure "o sid$ness1 b mu/ at ! same "t appe> z )drawn into ! univ]sality ( ! godhead4 ,9 j su* a way1 !n1 e god1 by c>ry+ 9 8 own p]son ?is def9$ "* z div9e & z b\nd up ) t z univ]sal individuality1 is 9 "p ( a def9ite type1 & 9 "p is all 9 all1 & floats1 z x 71 precisely midway betwe5 m]e univ]sality & equally ab/ract s+ul>ity4 ,& ?is is :at gives to ! g5u9e ,ideal ( classical art its inf9ite security & repose1 its untr\bl$ bless$ness & unimpair$ fre$om4 77 ,add to ?is t z beauty ( classical art ! ess5tially self-articulate div9e "* is n only spiritual1 b fully z mu* pla/ic =m :i* appe>s ext]nally 9 its bodily pres5ce to ! eye no less ?an to ! m9d4 77 ,?is beauty1 inasmu* z x possesses n m]ely ! natural or animal aspect 9 its spiritual p]sonification1 b includes z its cont5t t :i* is spiritual 9 its adequate mode ( exi/5ce1 c only take up :at is symbolical 9 its incid5tal aspect & "u ^? relations 9 :i* x appe>s z purely natural4 ,its real ext]nal expression is ! =m t is peculi> to m9d & only m9d1 9 s f> z its ideal "* reveals itself z exi/5t tru?1 & p\rs itself :olly ?r\gh t =m4 77 ,f ano!r po9t ( view classical beauty is deb>r$ f giv+ expression to ! ,sublime4 ,= x is only ! ab/ract univ]sal1 :i* atta*es to itself no inclusion su* z is self-def9$1 b m]ely a negative det]m9acy relatively to p>ticul>ity 9 g5]al1 & along ) ?is is resolute 9 its antagonism to e =m ( embodim5t :i* pres5ts u ) ! aspect ( ! ,sublime4 ,classical beauty1 on ! contr>y1 c>ries spiritual individuality into ! v he>t ( :at is at ! same "t its natural exi/5ce1 & elucidates ! ideal cont5t :olly 9 ! mat]ial ( its ext]nal appe>ance4 77 ,= ?is v reason1 h[ev]1 x is ess5tial t ! ext]nal =m q z mu* z ! spiritual1 :i* creates = itself !re9 its home & dwell+1 %\ld be lib]at$ f all dep5d5ce on ,nature & d]angem5t1 all f9itude1 all t is ( fleet+ "*1 all t is exclusively conc]n$ ) ! s5su\s pres5ce1 & %\ld purify & exalt t def9ition ( x :i* discloses aff9ity ) ! det]m9ate "* ( ! god into free comm]ce ) ! univ]sal =ms ( ! human figure4 ,! /a9less ext]nality alone1 f :i* e h9t ( weakness & relativity has be5 remov$1 & e flick ( caprici\s p>ticul>ity wip$ (f1 is able to repres5t ! ,_s's ideality1 :i* %\ld s9k itself 9 x & secure an embodim5t f x4 77 ,= ! reason1 h[ev]1 t ! gods are =c$ once m f ! def9$ limits ( "* into ! univ]sal wave1 ! self-subsi/5cy ( ,_s z repose on itself1 & z ! security ( itself 9 its ext]nal =m has to discov] a real reflection also 9 its manife/ation4 77 ,consequ5tly we obs]ve 9 ! concrete individuality ( ! gods--:5 we h be=e u ! g5u9e classic ,ideal1 on equal t]ms ) all else--?is nobility & l(t9ess ( ,_s1 9 :i*1 despite ! entire absorption )9 ! bodily & s5su\s pres5ce1 we are made consci\s ( ! absolute removal ( all ! indig5ce ( :at is :olly f9ite4 ,pure self-absorption#ahh & ! ab/ract lib]ation f e k9d ( det]m9acy is ! highway to ! ,ideal ( ! ,sublime4 ,! classical ,ideal1 on ! contr>y1 is made visible 9 an exi/5ce :i* entirely is its own1 t is1 ! specific manife/ation ( ,_s itself2 yet = all t we %all f9d t "h1 too1 ! ,sublimity ( ! same is bl5d$ ) ! beauty1 & t ! "o aspect passes ov] imm$iately into ! o!r4 ,& ?is x is :i* con/itutes ! expression ( l(t9ess 9 ^! figures ( ! gods1 mak+ inevitable ! ,sublime ( classical beauty4 ,an immortal s]i\sness#ahi makes its ?rone on ! =ehead ( ^! gods1 & is p\r$ =? ov] _! entire pres5tm5t4 77 ,9 _! beauty ^! gods appe>1 !re=e1 z exalt$ ov] _! individual bodily %ape2 we h consequ5tly a k9d contradiction or cont5tion betwe5 _! l(ty bless$ness1 :i* is1 9 fact1 _! spiritual self-exclusiv5ess & _! beauty1 :i* p]ta9s to _! ext]nal bodily pres5ce4 ,_s appe>s :olly lo/ 9 its ext]nal =m1 & yet = all t appe>s q z mu* absorb$ 9 itself f out t =m4 ,x is precisely z ?\gh we _h ! mov+ to & fro ( an immortal god among mortal m54 ,9 ?is relation ! ,greek gods make on u an impression :i*1 despite all diff]5ce1 resembles t :i* ! bu/ ( ,goe! by ,rau* made ^u me :5 ,i fir/ saw x4 ,_m w h d\btless se5 x1 ! high br[1 ! p[]ful1 comm&+ nose1 ! free eye1 ! r\nd *91 ! affable1 f9ely-cut lips1 ! pose ( ! head1 s sugge/ive ( g5ius1 ) its glance a bit on "o side & uplift$3 add to ?is ! entire fulness & bread? ( an emotional & g5ial humanity1 & fur!r1 ^? c>efully articulat$ muscles ( ! =ehead1 ( ! entire c\nt5ance1 ( all t gives evid5ce ( passion & emotion2 & 9 all ?is h\se ( ,life1 ! repose1 /illness1 & l(t9ess ( advanc$ age2 & we may add )al ! fad+ ebb ( ! lips1 :i* retreat back into ! tee?less m\?1 ! slackness ( ! neck & *eeks1 :]eby ! bridge ( ! nose appe>s yet m dom9ant1 & ! rea* ( ! =ehead yet m t[]+4 ,! =ce ( ?is firmly set figure1 :i* to an extraord9>y degree br+s be=e u ! notion ( immutability1 appe>s all ! m s 9 ! loose environm5t :i* surr\nds x#aij1 j z ! sublime head & =m ( ! ,ori5tal 9 8 wide turban1 b flapp+ ov]-g>m5t & trail+ slipp]s4 ,x is ! secure1 p[]ful1 timeless _s1 :i*1 9 ! mask ( encircl+ mortality1 is j ready to let ?is husk fall away1 & yet suff]s x to l+] ar\nd x freely & )\t re/ra9t4 ,9 mu* ! same way ! gods appe> to u 9 _! aspect ( l(ty fre$om & spiritual repose to be exalt$ ov] _! bodily pres5ce1 s t !y seem to feel _! =m1 _! limbs1 despite all ! beauty t is !re1 z at ! same "t a sup]flu\s appanage4 ,& yet )al ! entire pres5tm5t is suffus$ ) vitality1 id5tical ) _! spiritual be+1 insep>able1 )\t ! disunion ( :at is ess5tially subsi/5t1 & ^? p>ts :i* are m loosely put toge!r1 ! _s 9 %ort nei!r escap+ nor com+ =? f ! body1 b bo? firmly m\ld$ toge!r into a :ole1 out ( :i*1 & 9 no o!r way1 ! self-absorption ( ,_s looks =? 9 sil5ce 9 its amaz+ & secure self-possession4 77 ,= ! reason1 !n1 t ! cont5tion we h indicat$ is pres5t1 )\t appe>+1 h[ev]1 z a diff]5ce or sep>ation ( ! ideal spirituality f its ext]nal =m1 ! negative :i* is !re9 conta9$1 is = ?is v reason imman5t 9 ?is insep>able totality & is !reby express$4 ,?is is )9 ! sph]e ( ?is spiritual l(t9ess ! brea? & atmosph]e ( melan*oly1 :i* m5 ( g5ius h felt 9 ! godlike figures ( antique art ev5 :]e ! beauty ( ! ext]nal pres5tm5t is consummate4 ,! repose ( div9e bless$ness#aia is unable to split itself up into ! passions ( joy1 pleasure1 & satisfaction1 & ! peace ( immortality /&s alo( f ! smile ( self-satisfaction & g5ial cont5t$ness4 ,cont5tm5t is ! emotion ( ! agreem5t ( our s+ul> subjectivity ) ! condition ( t environm5t :i* is def9$ = or giv5 to u or br\ght ab\t ?r\gh our own ag5cy4 ,napoleon1 = example1 nev] express$ m ?or\gh cont5tm5t ?an :5 he happ5$ to obta9 "s success at ! co/ ( mak+ all ! _w discont5t$4 ,= cont5tm5t is only ! approval ( my own be+1 action1 & engagem5ts1 & ! extreme ( x is readily recognizable 9 t /ate ( feel+ ( ! ,phili/9e to :i* e man ( practical ability necess>ily ext5ds x4 ,?is feel+ & its expression is1 h[ev]1 no expression appropriate to ! prefigur$ immortal gods4 ,free & p]fect$ beauty is n satisfi$ ) jo9+ ! concordant temp] ( a p>ticul> f9ite exi/5ce2 r its individuality1 9 its aspect z ,_s no less ?an 9 t ( =m1 albeit x is self-def9$ ) *>act]ization1 only f9ds itself fully 9 union ) its true nature :5 x is at ! same "t free univ]sality & spirituality 9 repose ^u itself4 ,?is univ]sality is j t :i* p are wont to po9t to z ! frigidity ( ! ,greek gods4 ,!y are only cold1 h[ev]1 to our mod]n intimacy ) ! temporal4 ,indep5d5tly reg>d$ !y possess w>m? & life2 t peaceful bless$ness1 :i* is reflect$ 9 _! ext]nal pres5tm5t1 is ess5tially an ab/raction f p>ticul>ity1 a mode ( be+ indiff]5t to ! ,pa/1 a surr5d] ( t :i* is ext]nal1 a giv+ up :i*1 albeit nei!r full ( tr\ble nor pa91 is = all t a giv+ up ( :at is e>?ly & evanesc5t1 j z _! *e]fulness ( _s looks f> away & ov] dea?1 ! grave1 loss & temporality1 & = ! v reason t x is pr(\nd inh]5tly conta9s ?is negative we are discuss+4 ,& ! m ?is e>ne/ness & spiritual fre$om is prom95t 9 ! vision ( ^! godlike figures ! m we feel ! contra/ betwe5 ?is l(t9ess & ! det]m9ate corporality 9 :i* !y are enclos$4 ,! bless$ gods m\rn q z mu* ov] _! bless$ness z _! bodily environm5t4 ,9 ! lett]s ( _! =m we read ! de/9y :i* lies be=e !m1 & ^: developm5t1 z actual manife/ation ( t contradiction betwe5 ?is v l(t9ess & t p>ticul>ity1 spirituality1 & s5su\s exi/5ce classical art itself sets face to face ) its f9al ov]?r[4 7c7 ,if we ask ourselves1 !n1 ?irdly1 :at is ! nature ( ! ext]nal repres5tation1 :i* is adequate to ?is notion ( ! classic ,ideal we h j indicat$1 we %all f9d 9 ?is connection1 too1 t ! ess5tial po9ts ( view h already 9 our g5]al consid]ation ( ! ,ideal be5 furni%$ u ) consid]able detail4 ,we h consequ5tly "h only fur!r to rem>k1 t 9 ! g5u9e classic ,ideal ! spiritual individuality ( ! gods is n conceiv$ 9 _! relation to some?+ else1 or br\ght ab\t by virtue ( _! p>ticul>ity 9 conflict1 & battle1 b r is made visible 9 _! et]nal self-tranquillity1 9 ?is pa9fulness ( ! godlike peace itself4 ,! det]m9ate "* is n1 !re=e1 made active 9 ! way t x /imulat$ ! gods to ! s5se ( p>ticul> emotions & passions1 or compell$ !m to adopt specific aims ( conduct4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is precisely out ( t collision & developm5t1 nay1 out ( t v relation to ! f9ite & all t is ess5tially discordant t !y are br\ght back to t condition ( pure self-absorption4 ,?is repose 9 its mo/ au/]e sev]ity1 n inflexible1 cold1 or dead1 b s5sitive & immutable1 is ! highe/ & mo/ adequate =m ( repres5tation = ! classic gods4 ,:5 !y make _! appe>ance consequ5tly 9 specific situations1 x is n necess>y t !re %\ld be conditions or actions :i* give rise to conflicts1 b r su* :i*1 z !mselves h>mless1 s1 too1 leave ! gods 9 a l condition4 ,x is1 !re=e1 sculpture :i* among ! arts is above all adapt$ to portray ! classic ,ideal 9 its simple self-possession1 9 :i* :at is r ! univ]sal div9ity receives m obvi\s emphasis ?an ! p>ticul> "*4 ,*iefly x is ! m anci5t & m au/]e type ( sculpture :i* ma9ta9s its firm hold ( ?is aspect ( ! ,ideal1 & only 9 ! lat] =ms we f9d a movem5t t[>ds increas$ dramatic vividness ( situations & *>act]ization4 ,poetry1 on ! contr>y1 ranges ! gods 9 vigor\s action1 t is1 9 an attitude ( negation to a def9ite mode ( life1 & br+s !m !reby into conflict & /rife4 ,! repose ( pla/ic art1 :]e x rema9s 9 ! sph]e :i* is uniquely its own1 c only express ! a=esaid negative phase ( _s face to face ) p>ticul> facts 9 t s]i\s /ra9 ( melan*oly1 :i* we h already attempt$ to def9e m ne>ly4 #b4 ,,! ,,sph]e ,,( ,,! ,,p>ticul> ,,gods ,z individuality 9 visible =m1 repres5t$ "u ! mode ( imm$iate exi/5ce1 & )al bo? def9ite & p>ticul>1 godhead necess>ily is divid$ into a numb] ( figures4 ,9 o!r words1 ,poly!ism is unque/ionably ess5tial z ! pr9ciple ( classical art1 & x w\ld be ! und]tak+ ( a fool to ?9k ( embody+ ! "o ,god ( ! ,sublime & ( ,pan!ism or ! absolute religion1 :i* compreh5ds ,god purely z ,_s & ess5tial p]sonality1 9 ! pla/ic type ( beauty1 or to ent]ta9 ! idea t ! classical =ms c\ld h aris5 among ! ,jews1 ,mohamm$ans1 or ,*ri/ians1 z adapt$ to ! cont5t ( _! religi\s beliefs1 f _! own orig9al views ( ! _w1 z !y did 9 ! case ( ! ,greeks4 7a7 ,9 ?is multiplicity ! div9e univ]se#aib at ?is /age is brok5 up into a sph]e ( p>ticul> gods1 ( :i* ea* individual /&s by himself alone 9 contra/ to all ! o!rs4 ,^! individualities are n1 h[ev]1 ( ! k9d t !y c be tak5 m]ely z allegorical pres5tations ( univ]sal qualities1 z if ,apollo1 = example1 7 ! god ( wisdom1 ,zeus ( dom9ion4 ,zeus is also q z mu* wisdom1 & 9 ! ,eum5ides ,apollo1 z we h se51 protects ,ore/es1 ! son & ! royal son to boot1 :om he himself has /imulat$ to an act ( v5geance4 ,! sph]e ( ! ,greek gods is a multiplicity ( individuals1 ( :i* e p>ticul> god1 albeit also 9 ! specific "* ( a p>ticul> p]son1 is at ! same "t a self-exclusive totality1 :i* itself possesses ess5tially also ! quality ( ano!r god4 ,= e su* pres5tm5t1 view$ z div9e1 is always1 too1 a :ole4 ,x is only by ?is means t ! div9e p]sonalities ( ,greek religion include an abundance ( traits2 & al?\gh _! bless$ness consi/s 9 _! univ]sal & spiritual self-repose no less ?an 9 _! ab/raction f ! direct movem5t :i* ,"t is = ev] defeat+ 9 ! sph]e ( ! dis9tegrat+ manifold ( natural fact & condition1 yet = all t !y possess ! p[] 9 a l degree to ass]t !mselves z en]getic & active 9 _m ( its aspects4 ,!y are nei!r ! ab/ract p>ticul> nor ! ab/ract univ]sal1 b ! univ]sal :i* is ! s\rce ( p>ticul>ity4 7b7 ,on acc\nt ( ?is type ( individuality1 h[ev]1 ,greek poly!ism is unable to make up an ess5tially sy/ematic & self-integrat$ totality4 ,at ! fir/ glance1 x is true1 x appe>s imp]ative to require ( ! ,olympus ( ! gods1 t ! num]\s gods t are !re assembl$1 %\ld1 z ?us collect$ toge!r1 & if _! sep>able unities h real tru? 9 !m1 & _! cont5t is to be classic 9 ! true s5se1 also express ess5tially ! totality ( ! ,idea1 %\ld exhau/ ! entire sph]e ( ! necess>y =ces ( ,nature & ,_s1 & give to !mselves !re=e con/ructive complet5ess1 9 o!r words1 manife/ !mselves z subject to a pr9ciple ( necessity4 ,?is dem&1 h[ev]1 w\ld be liable f ! fir/ to ! qualification t ^? =ces pres5t 9 ! emotions &1 g5]ally speak+1 ass]tive 9 ! sph]e ( spiritual life 9 ! absolute significance#aic :i* becomes op]ative fir/ 9 ! lat] & high] religion1 mu/ rema9 exclud$ f ! sph]e ( ! classic gods1 s t ! range ( cont5t1 ! p>ticul> aspects ( :i* succe$ 9 mak+ an appe>ance 9 ,greek my?ology1 w\ld be already !reby curtail$4 ,moreov]1 ap>t f ?is1 we h also on ! "o h&1 necess>ily introduc$ by virtue ( ! ess5tially v>i$ "* ( ?is individuality1 ! accid5tal incid5ts ( a def9ition1 :i* avoids ! rigor\s articulation ( ! diff]5ces inh]5t 9 ! notion1 & does n suff] ^! div9ities to ma9ta9 ! ab/raction ( m]ely "o mode ( det]m9ation4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 ! univ]sality1 9 ! elem5tal m$ium ( :i* ! div9e p]sonalities secure _! bless$ /ate1 aboli%es any h>d & fa/ p>ticul>ity1 & ! l(t9ess ( ! et]nal p[]s exalts itself jubilant ov] ! cold s]i\sness ( f9ite fact1 :]e91 if ?is inconsequ5ce did n prevail1 ! div9e pres5ces w\ld be evolv$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( _! limitations4 ,h[ev] mu*1 !re=e1 ev5 ! pr9cipal =ces ( ! _w1 z ! totality ( ,nature & ,_s1 are reproduc$ 9 ,greek my?ology1 ?is aggregation1 q z mu* 9 ! int]e/s ( ! univ]sal ,div9e z 9 ^? ( ! individuality ( p>ticul> gods1 _c ass]t itself z a sy/ematic :ole4 ,if ?is 7 n s1 in/ead ( individual *>act]s ! gods w\ld approximate r to allegorical be+s1 & in/ead ( be+ div9e p]sonalities w\ld be *>act]s :olly limit$ to f9ite & ab/ract modes4 7c7 ,:5 we consequ5tly consid] ! circle ( ! ,greek div9ities--t is all )9 ! range ( ! s-call$ presid+ div9ities--m ne>ly accord+ to _! fundam5tal "*1 inquir+ h[ t "* appe>s firmly del9eat$ by sculpture 9 its mo/ g5]al & at ! same "t s5su\sly concrete pres5tm5t1 we f9d no d\bt ! ess5tial di/9ctions & _! totality explicitly set be=e u1 b also 9 _! detail also ev] aga9 oblit]at$1 & ! sev]ity ( ! execution temp]$ to a result :i* is inconsi/5t ) ei!r _! beauty or _! individuality4 ,s = example ,zeus be>s 9 8 h&s ! dom9ion ov] gods & m51 )\t1 h[ev]1 !reby ess5tially endang]+ ! free indep5d5ce ( ! o!r gods4 ,he is ! supreme god2 8 p[]1 h[ev]1 does n absorb t ( ! o!rs4 ,we f9d 9 ! conception ( him no d\bt an association ) ! heav5s1 ) lightn+ & ?und]1 & ! g5]ative vitality ( ,nature2 b he is yet m truly ! might ( ! ,/ate1 ( ! ord] ( fact :i* is con=mable to law1 ! b9d+ nexus 9 contracts1 oa?s1 & hospitality1 & g5]ally ! sub/antial bond t gives subsi/5ce to ! human condition1 :e!r 9 its practical or e?ical aspect1 ! pot5cy1 9 %ort1 bo? ( k & _s4 ,! dom9ion ( 8 bro!rs is direct$ t[>d ! sea or ! l[] _w4 ,apollo is kn[n z ! god ( k1 z ! m\?piece & fair pres5tm5t ( spiritual int]e/s1 z ! tea*] ( ! ,muses4 ,"k ?yself is ! inscription ov] 8 temple at ,delphi1 a behe/ :i* is n s mu* conc]n$ ) ! fail+s & defects1 z ! ess5tial import ( _s1 t is ) art & ! tru? ( consci\sness4 ,subtlety & eloqu5ce1 m$iation 9 fact g5]ally z we also f9d x 9 subord9ate sph]es1 :i*1 albeit immoral elem5ts are !re9 comm+l$1 nev]!less are appurt5ant to ! complete range ( spiritual life--su* is ! mo/ important prov9ce ( ! activity ( ,h]mes1 :o also leads ! %ades ( ! dead to ! und]world4 ,! might ( w> is :at ma9ly di/+ui%es ,ares4 ,hephae/os is conspicu\sly capable 9 ! te*nical crafts4 ,! en?usiasm :i* /ill c>ries ) x a natural elem5t1 ! /rong emotions :i* w9e1 sport1 & dramatic p]=mances naturally produce are ! native prov9ce ( ,dionysos4 ,! sph]es allott$ to ! fem99e div9ities v mu* correspond to ! above s]ies4 ,9 ,"h ! e?ical bond ( m>riage is ! mo/ dom9ant trait4 ,c]es is ! in/ructress & develop] ( agriculture1 & z su* has pres5t$ mank9d ) bo? ^? adjuncts to its cultivation1 t is to say1 fir/1 ! c>e = ! nurture ( natural products1 :i* satisfy man's imm$iate wants1 &1 secondly1 ! spiritual accessories ( prop]ty1 m>riage1 "r1 ! beg9n+s ( civilization & moral ord]4 ,9 ! same way ,a!ne is ! repres5tative ( mod]ation1 good s5se#aid1 legality1 ! p[] ( wisdom1 te*nical capacity 9 ! arts & c\rage\sness1 & comprises )9 h] intellig5t & w>like maid5hood ! concrete _s ( ! folk1 ! free & sub/antive _s :i* uniquely belongs to ! ,a!nian /ate1 & places ! same be=e u 9 positive %ape z sov]eign & godlike p[] to be rev]$4 ,artemis on ! contr>y1 :olly di/9ct f ! ,ephesian ,diana1 possesses ! m inflexible indep5d5ce ( maid5 mode/y = h] mo/ ess5tial *>act]i/ic4 ,%e loves ! *ase1 & is g5]ally n s mu* ! quietly p5sive1 z ! sev]e & eag]-/riv+ maid54 ,aphrodite1 toge!r ) ! *>m+ ,cupid1 :o 9 8 desc5t f ! anci5t ,titan ,eros became a boy1 is ! int]pret] ( all t ! attractions & sexual passion effect 9 our humanity4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! k9d ( cont5t ( ! spiritually in=m$ individual gods4 ,9 s f> z we are conc]n$ ) _! ext]nal repres5tation we c only repeat t sculpture is ! mo/ important art 9 ?is respect1 & x is c>ri$ to ! po9t ( ?is detail ( _! p>ticul>ity4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is p]mitt$ to express t individuality 9 its m specific det]m9ation1 x at once passes beyond its prim>y sev]e l(t9ess1 al?\gh ev5 9 t case x unites ! v>iety & weal? ( su* individuality "u "o mode ( def9ition1 namely t :i* we di/+ui% z "*1 & e/abli%es ?is "* 9 its m simple cl>ity = ! envisagem5t ( ! s5ses1 9 o!r words = ! complete/ & mo/ f9al det]m9ation ( ! ext]nal pres5tm5t ( ^! div9ities4 ,= ! imag9ation always rema9s relatively to ! ext]nal & real exi/5ce less di/9ct1 :5 x elaborates1 z x also does1 z poetry ! same cont5t 9 a numb] ( tales1 occurr5ces1 & ev5ts :i* conc]n ! gods4 ,= ?is reason sculpture is on ! "o h& m ideal1 :ile on ! o!r x individualizes ! "* ( ! gods 9 p]fectly cle> human outl9es1 & p]fects ! an?ropomorphism ( ! classic ,ideal4 ,z ?is pres5tation ( ! ,ideal 9 its mode ( ext]nality1 entirely adequate z x unque/ionably is to ! ess5tially ideal cont5t x decl>es1 ^! figures ( ,greek sculpture are ! ,ideals 9 _! absolutely explicit realization2 !y are ! self-subsi/5t1 et]nal =ms1 ! c5tre ( ! pla/ic beauty ( classical art1 ^: type p]si/s z ! f\ndation1 ev5 !re too1 :]e ^! figures /ep =? on ! planes ( def9ite activity1 & appe> z affect$ by ! revolutions ( p>ticul> ev5ts4 #c4 ,,! ,,p>ticul> ,,individuality ,,( ,,! ,,gods ,individuality & its repres5tation is1 h[ev]1 unable to acquiesce 9 t :i* is /ill an ev] relative & ab/ract articulation ( "*4 ,a /> is exhau/ively summ>iz$ 9 ! simple laws t control x4 ,a few def9ite traits may suffici5tly *>act]ize ! ext]nal =mation ( ! _w ( rocks2 b already 9 ! vegetable _w we are aw>e ( an inf9ite v>iety ( manifold /ructure1 transition1 int]fusion1 & anomaly4 ,animal organizations are di/+ui%$ by a /ill great] range ( diff]5ce1 & con/antly %ift+ int]action ) ! ext]nal environm5t to :i* !y are relat$4 ,& f9ally1 z we rise to ! spiritual realm & its manife/ation1 we are consci\s ( a yet m inf9itely embrac+ multiplicity1 bo? ( its int]nal & ext]nal exi/5ce4 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z ! classic ,ideal does n re/ cont5t ) purely self-possess$ individuality1 b is fur!r conc]n$ to place ! same 9 motion1 to br+ ! same into relation ) some?+ else1 & to exhibit x z active 9 su* relation--= ^! reasons ! "* ( ! gods does n re/ /ation>y 9 ! possession ( :at itself is an ess5tially /ill sub/antive det]m9ation1 b secures fur!r p>ticul> traits ( wid] ext5sion4 ,! self-exclusive movem5t 9 ! direction ( ext]nal exi/5ce1 & ! *ange :i* is insep>able f x supplies ! m intimate traits t con/itute ! s+ul>ity ( any p>ticul> god1 z is meet & fit & )al necess>y to complete a liv+ p]sonality4 ,! accid5tal nature ( ^! p>ticul> traits is1 h[ev]1 associat$ at ! same "t ) su* a type ( s+ul>ity1 traits1 t is1 we are no long] able to ref] back to ! univ]sal aspect ( ! sub/antive significance4 ,= ?is reason ?is p>ticul> aspect ( ! sep>ate div9ities approximates to some?+ positive1 :i* c consequ5tly also m]ely /& ab\t x & cont9ue to res\nd z an ext]nal accessory4 7a7 ,we are !re=e at once confront$ ) ! "q3 ,f :at s\rce is ! mat]ial secur$ = ?is mode ( ! appe>ance ( s+ul>ity1 & 9 :at mann] is ?is =w>d process ( p>ticul>ization ma9ta9$8 ,= ! ord9>y individual man1 = 8 "* out ( :i* he br+s 8 actions to a conclusion1 = ! ev5ts 9 :i* he is involv$1 = ! de/9y :i* awaits him1 ?is close/ & m positive mat]ial is suppli$ by 8 ext]nal conditions1 su* z ! date ( 8 bir?1 ! situation he inh]its1 p>5ts1 education1 environm5t1 temporal relations1 ! entire prov9ce1 t is1 ( ! conditions ( 8 life z !y affect 8 spiritual nature or bodily exi/5ce4 ,! pres5t _w conta9s ?is mat]ial1 & ! records ( life furni%$ by diff]5t individuals are f ?is po9t ( view *>act]iz$ by e conceivable diff]5ce4 ,x is ano!r matt] altoge!r1 h[ev]1 ) ! free %apes ( godlike individuality1 :i* possess no det]m9ate exi/5ce 9 ! concrete _w ( ,nature1 b h _! bir? 9 ! cradle ( ! imag9ation4 ,= ?is v reason x is an obvi\s assumption t poets & arti/s1 :o1 speak+ 9 g5]al t]ms1 h creat$ ! ,ideal out ( _! free spiritual b\nty1 h m]ely borr[$ ! mat]ial = ^! accid5tal p>ticul> traits f ! caprice ( _! own innate p[]s ( imag9ation4 ,?is assumption is1 h[ev]1 false4 ,= we assign$ 9 g5]al t]ms to classical art1 ! position t its con/ruction 9 ! fir/ in/ance is1 by means ( ! reaction active 9 its opposition to ! assumptions necess>ily requisite to its own peculi> prov9ce1 c>ri$ =w>d to t :i* z g5u9e ,ideal x is4 ,x is f ^! presuppositions z _! s\rce t ! specific traits ( p>ticul>ity are to be look$ =1 :i* supply to ! gods _! clos] individual vitality4 ,! fundam5tal features ( ^! assumptions h already be5 submitt$1 & we h only "h to rem9d our read]s %ortly ( :at has be5 already advanc$4 77 ,x is ! symbolical natural religions :i* con/itute 9 ! fir/ in/ance ! abundant s\rce :i* supplies ,greek my?ology ) ! prim>y sub/ratum t we f9d !n modifi$ )9 x4 ,b inasmu* z ! traits t are borr[$ f su* a s\rce h to be di/ribut$ among gods t are repres5t$ z individuals possess+ ! life ( ,_s1 !y inevitably lose ! ess5tial feature ( _! "*1 9 :i* !y pass$ z symbolical2 !y h n[ no long] to reta9 a significance1 :i* w\ld diff] f t :i* ! individual himself pres5ts & makes visible4 ,! previ\s symbolical cont5t becomes n[1 !re=e1 conv]t$ into ! cont5t ( a div9e subject itself1 & = ! reason t x implies no sub/antive relation ( ! god1 b is m]ely an incid5tal feature1 mat]ial ( ?is sort falls toge!r into an ext]nal tale1 "s de$ or ev5t1 :i* is ascrib$ to ! gods 9 ?is or t p>ticul> situation4 ,consequ5tly we f9d "u ?is head all ! symbolical traditions ( ! e>li] sacr$ poems1 :i* receive1 "u ! modifi$ %ape ( actions prop] to a truly self-consci\s individuality1 ! =m ( human ev5ts & hi/ories1 :i* purport to be accompli%$ 9 conc]t ) ! gods1 & are n m]ely ! inv5tions ( poets z ! mood dictates4 ,:5 ,hom] tells u1 = in/ance1 t ! gods w5t (f on a j\rney to fea/ = twelve days among ! blameless ,e?iopians1 su* w\ld be a poor en\gh example ( inv5tiv5ess reg>d$ z ! poet's inv5tion alone4 ,x is mu* ! same ) ! tale ( ! bir? ( ,zeus4 ,kronos1 we are told1 _h dev\r$ all 8 sons2 = ?is reason ,rhea1 8 sp\se1 :5 %e 0 big ) h] y\nge/ *ild ,zeus1 w5t (f to ,crete1 :]e %e br\ght =? h] son1 pres5t+ to ,kronos a /one to dev\r in/ead ( h] *ild1 :om %e swaddl$ 9 fur4 ,lat] on ,kronos br\ght up aga9 all 8 *ildr51 8 daught]s1 & along ) !m ,poseidon4 ,?is /ory1 reg>d$ z m]e inv5tion1 w\ld be fooli% en\gh4 ,! remnants ( symbolical significance /ill pe]1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh x1 albeit on acc\nt ( _! hav+ lo/ _! orig9al "*1 !y come d[n to u 9 ! guise ( ext]nal hi/ory4 ,! hi/ory ( ,c]es & ,pros]p9a is on simil> l9es4 ,"h we h ! anci5t symbolic significance ( ! disappe>ance & budd+ =? ( ! se$ ( corn4 ,! my? pres5ts ?is to u "u ! image z ?\gh ,pros]p9a play$ "o day 9 a valley ) fl[]s1 & pluck$ ! fragrant n>cissus1 :i* f "o root op5$ 9 a hundr$ blossoms4 ,!n ! ,e>? ?und]s2 ,pluto asc5ds f ! dep?s1 lifts ! lam5t+ maid5 into 8 gold5 c>1 & be>s h] (f to ! und]world4 ,!reon ,c]es w&]$ ov] ! ,e>? = a long "t va9ly /rick5 ) a "m's sorr[4 ,f9ally ,pros]p9a return$ to ! upp] _w2 ,zeus1 h[ev]1 _h only suff]$ h] to d ?is subject to ! comm& t %e mu/ nev] p>take ( ! food ( ! gods4 ,un=tunately %e _h on "o occasion ta/$ a pomegranate1 & 0 !re=e only able to rema9 9 ! upp] _w dur+ spr+ & summ]4 ,9 ?is tale1 too1 we f9d t ! symbolical cont5t has n be5 reta9$1 b has be5 conv]t$ into a human ev5t1 :i* suff]s only ! m g5]al s5se to p5etrate ?r\gh _m ext]nal traits4 ,9 ! same way ! supplem5t>y names ( ! gods po9t frequ5tly to symbolical gr\nd-/rata ( a simil> "*1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 ! symbolical =m has vani%$1 & :i* only s]ve n[ to give individuality a m complete *>act]ization4 77 ,local conditions supply a fur!r s\rce = ! positive p>ticul>ities ( individual div9ities1 no less by pres5t+ u ) ! orig9 ( ! conceptions ( godhead1 ?an by po9t+ to ! modes "u :i* _! s]vices 7 orig9ally obta9$ & secur$1 & ! p>ticul> places :i* 7 9 a special s5se devot$ to _! wor%ip4 77 ,al?\gh1 h[ev]1 ! demon/ration ( ! ,ideal & its univ]sal beauty is exalt$ ov] ! p>ticul> locality & its unique claims = recognition1 &1 moreov]1 has drawn toge!r ! specific ext]nal aspects 9 ! m g5]al range ( ! arti/ic imag9ation into "o compreh5sive picture :i* is ?r\gh\t adequate to ! sub/antive significance1 yet = all t1 :5 ! art ( sculpture associates ! gods1 reg>d$ z individuals1 ) isolat$ relations & conditions1 ^! p>ticul> traits & local col\rs come frequ5tly also to ! =e1 9 ord] to reproduce some?+ ( t individuality1 al?\gh x is only ?us m def9$ 9 its ext]nal aspect4 ,an illu/ration ( ?is is ! way ,pausanias adduces a mass ( ideas1 images1 pictures1 & my?s1 :i* he met ) 9 temples1 public places1 temple treasuries1 9 any place :]e any?+ ( importance 0 to be f\nd or o!rwise 0 9 ! range ( 8 exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! same way & on ! same l9es ! anci5t traditions & local sugge/ions :i* h be5 borr[$ f =eign s\rces run along ) ! home ones 9 ,greek my?2 & to all ( !m m or less a relation has be5 atta*$ :i* unites !m to ! hi/ory1 creation1 & f\ndations ( ,/ates1 m p>ticul>ly by means ( colonization4 ,=asmu*1 h[ev]1 z ?is _m-sid$ & specific mat]ial 9 ! univ]sality ( ! gods has lo/ its orig9al significance1 we necess>ily come across /ories1 :i* 9 _! motley & intricate "* fail to convey any mean+ :atev]4 ,z an example we may in/ance ! case :]e ,aes*ylus 9 8 ,prome!us pres5ts to u ! w&]+s ( ,io 9 all _! sev]ity & ext]nal g>b )\t admitt+ ! lea/ sugge/ion ( an e?ical or traditional /ory1 or a natural significance4 ,we f9d j ! same difficulty :5 we approa* ! /ories ( ,p]seus1 ,dionysos1 & o!rs4 ,! mo/ v>i$ & confus$ k9d ( mat]ial is also run into ! tales ab\t ,h]cules1 :i* =?)1 9 su* tales1 assume an entirely human aspect "u ! guise ( *ance ev5ts1 exploits1 passions1 mis=tunes1 & o!r unt[>d occurr5ces4 77 ,9 addition to all ?is ! et]nal p[]s ( classical art are ! univ]sal con/itu5ts ( ! actual embodim5t ( ! exi/5ce & actions ( ,greek humanity1 f ^: national orig9s consequ5tly 9 _! e>lie/ =m1 t is1 out ( ! h]oic times & o!r traditions1 /ill a v consid]able residue ( detail rema9s app5dant to ! gods ev5 9 lat] days4 ,9 ?is way1 too1 _m *>act]i/ic features 9 ! intricate tales ( _! gods unque/ionably mu/ be ref]r$ to hi/oric p]sonages1 h]oes1 old] folk-races1 natural facts & circum/ances attributable to w>s1 battles1 & o!r matt]s ( a public "*4 ,& j z ! family & ! di/9ction ( clans is ! po9t ( dep>ture ( ! ,/ate1 ! ,greeks possess$ also _! family gods1 p5ates1 clan-gods1 & fur!rmore ! gu>dian div9ities ( p>ticul> cities & /ates4 ,9 ?is excessive lean+ t[>ds ! po9t ( view ( hi/ory ! !sis1 h[ev]1 is apt to be ma9ta9$ t ! orig9 ( ! ,greek gods g5]ally is d$ucible f su* hi/orical facts1 h]oes1 & e>li] k+s4 ,?is is a plausible b none ! less sup]ficial view4 ,heyne q 9 rec5t times has also giv5 curr5cy to x4 ,9 a way analog\s to ?is a ,fr5*man1 by "n ,ni*olas ,frret1 has1 = example1 accept$ ! qu>rels ( diff]5t prie/ly guilds z ! g5]al pr9ciple und]ly+ ! w> ( ! gods4 ,t su* a hi/orical phase 9 ! life ( a p may contribute some?+1 t def9ite clans may h giv5 "s effect to _! peculi> notions ( deity1 t likewise diff]5t local aspects may h af=d$ fur!r matt] 9 ! process ( div9e individualization--all ?is may be admitt$1 no d\bt4 ,! real orig9 ( ! gods is = all t n to be trac$ to su* ext]nal mat]ial ( hi/ory1 b resides 9 ! spiritual pot5cies ( ,life1 "u ! guise ( :i* !y 7 conceiv$4 ,we are consequ5tly only entitl$ to accept ! m ext5sive play ( all t is positive1 local1 & hi/orical1 9 s f> z x makes m def9ite ! =mal pres5tation ( ea* p>ticul> individuality4 77 ,inasmu* z1 fur!r1 ! god passes into ! sph]e ( ! human imag9ation1 &1 /ill m important1 is repres5t$ 9 real bodily %ape1 into close relations ) :i* aga9 man is plac$ by 8 cultus 9 ! activities ( div9e wor%ip1 a fre% mat]ial is "h1 too1 pres5t$ by su* relations = ! ext5sion ( all t is positive & accid5tal4 ,:at animals h to be sacrific$ to any god1 :at ve/m5ts ! prie/hood or ! wor%ipp] mu/ appe> 91 :at p>ticul> sequ5ce mu/ be adopt$ 9 any c]emonial--by all su* matt]s ! mo/ v>i$ & p>ticul> incid5ts are accumulat$4 ,= e activity ( ?is k9d implies an indef9ite numb] ( aspects & modes ( arrangem5t1 :i* may accid5tally fall out 9 ?is way or t1 b :i*1 z appurt5ant to a sacr$ rite1 %\ld be some?+ settl$1 & n fix$ by caprice1 & :i* necess>ily t5d to pass into ! sph]e ( symbolism4 ,! col\r ( ! ve/m5ts is an example ( ?is2 9 ! ritual ( ,bac*us we h ! col\r ( w9e1 9 l mann] ! doe-sk9 9 :i* ^? initiat$ 9 ! my/]ies 7 enwrapp$4 ,! same ?+ applies to ! drap]y & attributes ( ! gods1 ! b[ ( ,py?ian ,apollo1 ! :ip1 ! /aff1 & numb]less o!r accessories4 ,su* ?+s become1 h[ev]1 gradually a cu/om & no?+ m2 no "o 9 ! practice ( ! same ?9ks any long] ( _! bir? hi/ory2 & all t we n[ by d9t ( our rese>* po9t out z _! significance1 has 9 ! p]=mance ( !m gr[n to some?+ q ext]nal1 :i* mank9d associates himself ) on acc\nt ( ! imm$iate int]e/1 t is1 f m]e s5se ( fun1 delight 9 ! pres5t1 devotion1 or simply because x is j a cu/om & is s fix$ = 8 active s5ses1 & is done 9 l mann] by o!rs4 ,z an example f our own life1 :5 we see our ,g]man y\? light ! ,johannis fire 9 summ] "t1 or play antics else:]e1 & ?r[ x at ! w9d[s1 su* is = u a purely =mal cu/om1 9 :i* ! orig9al significance fades z mu* into ! backgr\nd z at ! fe/al dances ( ,greek y\?s & maid5s ! revolutions ( ! dance d 9 _! imitative 7l ! twi/s & turns ( "s labyr9?7 significance ( ! spiral motions ( ! planets4 ,y\? does n dance 9 ord] to ent]ta9 ideas ( su* ?+s1 b ! int]e/ limits itself naturally to ! danc+ & ! ta/eful & graceful fe/ivity ( its beautiful motion4 ,! entire significance1 :i* 0 creat$ by ! orig9al /imulus1 & ( :i* ! reproduction 0 = ! imag9ation & s5su\s p]ception ( symbolical "*1 is ?r\gh\t an imag9ative conception1 ^: s+ul> traits we suff] to pass f u l a fairy /ory1 or z 9 hi/orical n>rative z ext]nal detail relative to ,"t & ,space1 & ( :i* we c only say3 ,x is s1 or1 ,su* is ! tale1 & s =?4 ,! int]e/ ( art c consequ5tly only consi/ 9 ?is1 namely1 t x borr[ "o aspect f ! mat]ial :i* has pass$ into ! condition ( positive ext]nality1 & make ! be/ ( ?is "o = an example1 :i* sets ! gods be=e u z concrete1 liv+ individuals1 m]ely reta9+ a di/ant e*o ( any pr(\nd] significance4 ,?is positive aspect is precisely t :i* end[s ! ,greek gods ) ! *>m ( liv+ humanity :5 ! imag9ation elaborates x anew4 ,x is by ?is latt] process t :at is o!rwise m]ely ( sub/antive import1 or t ( p[]1 is !reby c>ri$ into ! individual pres5t1 :i*1 speak+ 9 g5]al t]ms1 is conc5trat$ to a po9t out ( t :i* is truly explicit or indep5d5tly actual1 & :i* is ext]nal & accid5tal1 & !reby ! indef9ite1 :i* o!rwise is always pres5t 9 ! conception ( ! gods1 is limit$ 9 its range & fill$ out 9 its cont5t4 ,we are unable to atta* any additional value to specific tales & p>ticul> traits ( *>act]ization1 = ?is mat]ial1 :i*1 9 its e>li] /age is1 :5 we look at its prim>y s\rce1 ! symbolically significant1 has n[ only rema9+ ! task to p]fect ! spiritual individuality ( ! gods 9 _! positive s5su\s def9ition 9 contra/ to ! human & to atta* to x by virtue ( a mat]ial :i*1 9 respect to its cont5t & envisagem5t1 is undiv9e1 ! aspect ( caprice & *ance1 *>act]i/ics insep>able f concrete individuality4 ,sculpture1 9 s f> z x pres5ts to our s5ses ! pure ideals ( ! gods1 & is conc]n$ to set be=e u "* & expression solely "u ! mode ( liv+ bodies1 c lea/ ( all ) cle>ness make visible ! f9al result ( individualization4 ,x does nev]!less give real effect to x )9 ! limits ( its own prov9ce1 z we may see1 = example1 9 ! diff]5t treatm5t ( headdress1 ! mode 9 :i* ! folds or locks ( hair are arrang$ 9 ea* p>ticul> case2 & ?is is done n m]ely ) a view to symbolical int]pretation b 9 ord] to individualize4 ,9 ?is way ,h]cules has %ort locks1 ,zeus an abundant gr[? :i* rises above ! =ehead1 ,diana q a diff]5t fold+ ( ! hair to t ( ,v5us4 ,pallas1 too1 is di/+ui%$ by ! ,gorgo on ! helmet1 & ! l result is obta9$ by means ( weapons1 girdle1 fillets1 bracelets1 & all ! v>iety ( o!r ext]nal adornm5t4 77 ,we f9d z a ?ird & f9al s\rce ( ! clos] def9ition ( div9e p]sonality ! relation :i* ?is occupies to ! concrete actual _w & its num]\s natural ph5om5a1 human de$s & ev5ts4 ,= h[ev] mu* we h se5 t ?is spiritual individuality is 9 "p respectively to _! univ]sal ess5ce1 & p>tly 9 respect to _! p>ticul> s+ul>ity1 ! visible result ( e>li] natural f\ndations :i* h symbolical significance1 yet x also p]si/s1 if reg>d$ z a spiritually self-subsi/5t p]sonality1 9 a relation ( cont9u\s1 vitality ) ,nature & human exi/5ce4 ,x is "u ?is po9t ( view1 z we h already intimat$ at l5g?1 t we h be=e u ! imag9ative fl[ ( ! poet1 an ev] f]tile s\rce ( p>ticul> tales1 traits ( "* & exploits1 su* z are relat$ u ab\t ! gods4 ,! arti/ic aspect ( ?is /age ( ! process consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! div9e p]sonalities are made to bl5d 9 a vital way ) human affairs1 & t ! isolat$ nature ( ev5ts are )\t exception conceiv$ 9 association ) ! univ]sality ( ! div9e1 j z we ourselves1 = example1 are wont to say1 if 9 ano!r s5se1 ( c\rse1 t ?is or t ev5tuality comes f ,god4 ,ev5 9 ! reality ( ev]yday life1 9 ! natural process ( 8 exi/5ce1 9 8 daily wants1 fe>s1 & hopes1 ! ,greek took refuge 9 8 gods4 ,at fir/ x 0 ext]nal accid5ts1 :i* ! prie/hood accept$ z om5s1 & int]pret$ relatively to 8 objects & circum/ances4 ,if di/ress & mis=tune appe>$1 ! prie/ _h to expla9 ! cause ( ! affliction1 to recognize ! ang] & disposition ( ! gods1 & to sugge/ ! means by :i* ! mis=tune might be fac$4 ,! poets proce$ yet fur!r 9 _! int]pretations = ?is reason1 namely1 t !y ascribe ev]y?+1 :i* is relat$ to a pa?os univ]sal & ess5tial1 t is1 ! mov+ =ce 9 human resolve & action1 to ! gods !mselves & _! activity2 s t ! activity ( mank9d appe>s likewise z ! act ( ! gods1 :o fulfil _! own c\nsels by means ( _! in/rum5t1 man4 ,! mat]ial 9 ^! poetical expositions is tak5 f ! circum/ances ( ord9>y life1 9 respect to :i* ! poet lays x d[n1 :e!r ?is or t god has express$ 8 purpose 9 ! ev5t :i* he is exp\nd+ & ass]t$ himself actively !re94 ,= ?is reason poetry to an exceptional ext5t enl>ges ! range ( _m specific /ories1 :i* h ! gods = _! pr9cipal subject-matt]4 ,we may 9 ?is connection recall to our memories sev]al examples :i* we h already us$ z illu/rations :5 consid]+ ano!r aspect ( our subject1 namely1 ! relation ( ! univ]sal p[]s to ! practical pursuits ( human p]sonality4 ,hom] places ,a*illes be=e u z ! brave/ among ! ,greeks be=e ,troy4 ,?is pre-em95ce ( 8 h]o he expresses by means ( ! /atem5t t ,a*illes is invuln]able 9 e portion ( 8 body ) ! s+le exception ( 8 heel1 :i* 8 "m 0 compell$ to take hold ( :5 %e dipp$ him 9 ! ,/yx4 ,?is tale has its orig9 9 ! imag9ation ( ! poet :o ?us int]prets ! ext]nal fact4 ,if we accept ?is bluntly z ?\gh an actual fact purport$ to be express$ !re9 :i* ! anci5ts w\ld h believ$ 9 ! same s5se t we believe 9 any fact on ! evid5ce ( our s5ses su* a conclusion is a v crude "o inde$4 ,x 9 %ort am\nts to ?is1 t ,hom] no less ?an all ! ,greeks & ,alex&] ) !m :o admir$ ,a*illes & prais$ 8 =tunes1 :i* 7 ! ma9 !me ( ! song ( ,hom]1 7 simpletons4 ,su* a glorification mu/ inevitably c>ry su* a consequ5ce if ! reflection is to hold good t ! brav]y ( ,a*illes 0 no difficult matt] s9ce he 0 aw>e ( 8 invuln]ability4 ,b ! brav]y is1 9 tru?1 !reby 9 no way abridg$1 because he is equally aw>e ( 8 e>ly dea?1 & not)/&+ nev] evades dang]1 h[ev] x may arise4 ,! l relation is put be=e u 9 a v diff]5t way 9 ! ,niebelung5li$4 ,9 t ! horn$ ,siegfri$ is likewise invuln]able1 b he has also 9 addition to ?is 8 cap :i* makes him invisible4 ,:5 he assi/s ,k+ ,gun!r ?us invisible 9 ! fight ( ! latt] ) ,brunhilde x becomes simply an affair ( b>b>ic sorc]y :i* does n enhance v mu* our op9ion ei!r ( ! brav]y ( ,siegfri$ or ,k+ ,gun!r4 ,no d\bt 9 ,hom] ! gods frequ5tly l5d assi/ance to p>ticul> h]oes2 b ! gods m]ely appe> on su* occasions z ! univ]sal concept ( t :i* man z an individual himself is & c>ries out1 & to c>ry out :i* he mu/ actively employ ! entire /r5g? ( 8 h]oic end[m5t4 ,if x _h be5 o!rwise ! gods w\ld h only f\nd x necess>y to decimate en masse ! ,trojan ho/ 9 battle 9 ord] to complete at once ! triumph ( ! ,greeks4 ,hom] gives u a picture j ! rev]se ( ?is :5 he describes ! ma9 fight z ess5tially a conte/ betwe5 individuals1 & x is only :5 ! press & m$ley 9 g5]al1 :5 ! entire mass ( combatants1 ! collective he>t ( ! ho/ cla%es 9 fury1 t ,ares at l5g? /orms ov] ! field & gods w> aga9/ gods4 ,& ?is is n only g5]ally f9e & spl5did z an enhancem5t ( ! effect1 b we may f9d 9 x ! pr(\nd] significance t ,hom] recognizes ! p>ticul> h]oes 9 :at is s+ul> & exceptional & ! univ]sal pot5cies & =ces 9 ! collective effect & ! g5]al aspect4 ,9 ano!r connection ,hom] p]mits ,apollo to appe> on ! sc5e1 :5 ! mom5t arrives :i* is fatal to ,patroclus :o is be>+ ! inv9cible arm\r ( ,a*illes#aie4 ,?ree times _h ,patroclus plung$ into ! cr[d$ ho/ ( ! ,trojans1 mighty z ,ares1 & ?ree times he _h already sla9 n9e m54 ,:5 he /orm$ !re = ! f\r? "t !n x 0 t ! god1 envelop$ 9 obscure night1 made t[>d him among ! m$ley & smote him on ! back & ! %\ld]s1 tore away f him 8 helmet1 s t x roll$ on ! gr\nd1 & rang out %>ply z x /ruck ! ho(s ( ! *>g]s2 & ! plumes ( x 7 besmir*$ ) blood & du/1 :i* none ev] wot ( be=e4 ,apollo also breaks ! braz5 spe> 9 8 h&s1 ! %ield drops f 8 %\ld]s1 & 8 arm\r is loos5$ on him by ! god4 ,?is int]f]5ce ( ,apollo we may accept z ! poetic explanation ( ! circum/ance1 t x is exhau/ion no less ?an natural dea? :i* seizes ^u & subdues ,patroclus 9 ! turmoil & heat ( battle at ! f\r? enc\nt]4 ,!n x 0 t ,euphorbus 0 able to ?ru/ 8 spe> into 8 back betwe5 ! %\ld]s4 ,yet "o m "t ,patroclus endeav\r$ to )draw f ! battle2 b ,hector _h already ha/5$ to meet him1 & ?ru/ 8 spe> deep into 8 side4 ,!n ,hector rejoic$ & mock$ ! s9k+ h]o4 ,b ,patroclus1 speak+ 9 l[ tones1 repli$ t x 0 ,zeus & ,apollo :o _h ma/]$ him1 & )al ) no tr\ble1 because !y _h tak5 8 weapons f (f 8 %\ld]s4 ,tw5ty m5 su* z ?\ art1 he exclaims1 ,i c\ld h laid l[ ) my spe>1 b ,i am sla9 by fateful necessity & ! h& ( ,apollo4 ,?\1 ,euphorbus1 ha/ b sla9 me ! second "t1 & ?\1 ,hector1 b ! ?ird4 ,"h1 too1 we may rem>k t ! appe>ance ( ! gods simply po9ts to ! fact t ,patroclus1 albeit protect$ by ! arm\r ( ,a*illes1 becomes fa9t1 conf\nd$1 & despite ( x sla94 ,& ?is is n by any means a sup]/iti\s freak or empty play ( ! imag9ation1 or r a /atem5t :i* am\nts to ?is#aif1 t ,hector's fame w be detract$ f by ?is int]position ( ,apollo1 & t ev5 ,apollo does n play 9 ! entire affair a "p :i* entirely r$\nds to 8 hon\r1 s9ce we necess>ily take into acc\nt ! might ( ! god--speculations ( ?is k9d m]ely betray a sup]/ition ( ! prosaic m9d z de/itute ( ta/e z x is devoid ( reason4 ,= 9 e case :]e ,hom] expla9s specific ev5ts by means ( su* appe>ances ( ! gods ! gods use t :i* is already imman5t 9 ! consci\s life ( m51 ! p[]1 t is1 ( _! own passion & obs]vation1 or ! pot5tialities ( ! g5]al condition 9 :i* ! man is plac$1 ! =ce & ! f\ndation ( t :i* befalls & happ5s to anyone z a consequ5ce ( su* conditions ,if x is true t at times traits t are :olly ext]nal & absolutely positive ass]t !mselves 9 ! appe>ance ( ! gods ^! 9 _! turn h a comic aspect2 z 9 ! case :5 ! lame ,hephae/os goes r\nd z cup-be>]4 ,& g5]ally we may say t ,hom] nev] treats ! reality ( su* appe>ances f fir/ to la/ s]i\sly4 ,at "o "t we see ! gods 9 action1 at ano!r !y occupy a /ation ( complete tranquillity4 ,! ,greeks 7 fully consci\s t x 0 ! poets :o 7 responsible = su* app>itions2 & if !y believ$ 9 !m _! belief 0 connect$ directly ) t spiritual aspect :i* is equally ! possession ( mank9d1 =asmu* z x is ! univ]sal1 ! v active & motive pr9ciple 9 ! ev5ts ?us pres5t$4 ,f :atev] po9t ( view1 !re=e1 we consid] ! matt] x is cle> t x is totally unnecess>y to import sup]/ition ei!r 9 our own views or 9 ^? ( ! ,greeks be=e we c enjoy su* poetical repres5tations ( _! gods4 7b7 ,su*1 !n1 is ! g5]al "* ( ! classical ,ideal1 ^: broad] developm5t we %all h to consid] m succ9ctly :5 we exam9e ! p>ticul> arts4 ,"h we h only to add ! obs]vation t to :atev] ext5t ei!r gods or m5 are c>ri$ 9 _! positive opposition to ! p>ticul> & ext]nal1 yet 9 classical art ! affirmative e?ical sub/ratum mu/ ass]t itself z ma9ta9$4 ,! subjectivity rema9s ?r\gh\t 9 union ) ! sub/antive cont5t ( its p[]s4 ,j z 9 ,greek art ! natural elem5t is pres]v$ 9 h>mony ) ! spiritual & is likewise subord9at$ to ! ideal cont5t1 ?\gh x be z adequate exi/5ce1 ! inw>d he>t ( our humanity ev] pres5ts itself also 9 a ?or\gh id5tity ) ! g5u9e objectivity ( ,_s1 9 o!r words1 ) ! ess5tial cont5t ( :at is moral & true4 ,reg>d$ f ?is po9t ( view1 ! classic ,ideal is unaw>e ( ! sep>ation ( ideality f ext]nal pres5tm5t & ( ! r5d+ ( ! subjective & consequ5tly ab/ract individual caprice 9 its v>i\s objects & passions1 & x is no less s1 on ! o!r h&1 ( ! ab/ract univ]sal z !reby creat$4 ,! f\ndations ( "* mu/1 consequ5tly1 always be ! sub/antive1 & :at is bad1 s9ful & evil 9 ! self-h\s$ dwell+ ( subjectivity is exclud$ f classical repres5tations4 ,& above all else ! h>%ness1 wick$ness1 meanness1 & hide\sness :i* f9ds a place 9 romantic art1 w be :olly ali5 to x4 ,x is true1 we f9d _m in/ances ( transgression1 matricide1 patricide & o!r crimes aga9/ ! love ( family & piety treat$ z ! subject-matt] ( ,greek art2 b !y are n "h reg>d$ simply z atrocities1 or1 z a little :ile s9ce x 0 ! fa%ion among ourselves1 z br\ght ab\t by ! inscrutability ( a s-call$ fatality :i* imports ! appe>ance ( a necess>y result4 ,r1 if su* transgressions are committ$ by mank9d & 9 "p ord]$ & def5d$ by ! gods !mselves1 su* actions are on e occasion pres5t$ to u f "s po9t ( view at lea/ 9 a light :i* decl>es a c]ta9 ju/ification truly aris+ out ( ! subject-matt] itself4 7c7 ,despite ?is sub/antive f\ndation we h se5 ! g5]al elaboration ( ! gods ( classical art manife/ itself out ( ! repose ( ! ,ideal )9 ! v>iety ( ! individual & ext]nal embodim5t1 9 all ! detail ( ev5ts1 occurr5ces1 & actions1 :i* become ev] & ev] m human4 ,by ?is means classical art f9ally1 if we consid] its cont5t1 c>ries yet fur!r ! process ( articulat+ ! accid5tal individualization1 :5 we consid] x z a mode ( mak+ ! same pleasurable & attractive4 ,9 o!r words t :i* pleases is ! elaboration ( ! p>ticul> aspect ( ! ext]nal ph5om5on at e po9t ( ! same2 by ?is means ! "w ( art no long] arre/s ! spectator m]ely 9 its connection ) 8 own concrete s\l-life1 b also conta9s _m affiliat+ l9ks ) ! f9ite aspect ( 8 subjectivity4 ,= x is precisely 9 ! f9it5ess ( ! art-creation t ! clos] association subsi/s ) t aspect ( ! individual :i* is itself f9ite1 & :i* r$iscov]s itself once m ) satisfaction 9 e respect z mobile & /able exi/5ce 9 ! art-product4 ,! s]i\sness ( ! gods becomes a grace1 :i* does n agitate ) viol5ce or lift a man ov] 8 ord9>y exi/5ce1 b suff]s him to p]si/ !re tranquil1 & simply claims to br+ him cont5t4 ,j z we g5]ally f9d t ! imag9ation :5 x ma/]s religi\s conceptions1 & end[s !m ) a =m appropriate to its notions ( beauty1 has a t5d5cy to make ! e>ne/ "* ( devotion disappe>1 & 9 ?is respect de/roys religion /rictly z religion2 s1 too1 ?is v process moves =w>d at ! /age we are discuss+ = ! mo/ "p by ! addition ( t :i* is agreeable & pleases4 ,= x is n by any means ! sub/antial aspect1 ! significance ( ! gods1 or _! univ]sal "*1 :i* is evolv$ by virtue ( :at delights4 ,r x is ! f9ite side1 _! s5su\s exi/5ce & subjective inw>d life1 :i* purports to awake int]e/ & provide satisfaction4 ,! m1 !re=e1 ! *>m ( ! exi/5ce reproduc$ is ! dom9ant factor 9 its beauty to t ext5t ! gracefulness is dis5tw9$ f ! embrace ( ! univ]sal & remov$ f ! cont5t1 ?r\gh :i* alone ! pr(\nd] p5etration c\ld re/ satisfi$4 ,! transition to ano!r prov9ce ( ! =ms ( art is closely unit$ ) ?is ext]nality & articulate def9ition4 ,= "u ! mode ( ext]nality reposes ! manifold ( ! f9ite condition2 a manifold :i*1 s soon z x secures a free field1 ass]ts itself f9ally 9 opposition to ! spiritual ,idea1 its univ]sality & tru?1 & beg9s to r\se up ! dissatisfaction ( ?\ght 9 a reality :i* is no long] adequate to express x4 ,footnote #ahj3 ,*apt] ,,xlix4 ,footnote #aha3 ,i presume ?is is ! s5se ( t difficult ^w des ,inn]5 "h4 ,footnote #ahb3 ,by absolute ,i presume ,hegel means "h absolute 9 ! s5se ( pr$om9ant1 ma/]ful--activity su* z ! ,greek arti/ possess$4 ,footnote #ahc3 ,iliad1 ,i1 vv4 #i-ab4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,ibid4 vv4 #id-ajj4 ,footnote #ahe3 ,odyssey1 ,,xxiv1 vv4 #da-fc4 ,footnote #ahf3 ,t is1 ,!tis4 ,footnote #ahg3 ,be/immte sittli*e ,sub/anz4 ,footnote #ahh3 ,das re9e ,insi*seyn4 ,footnote #ahi3 ,e9 ewig] ,ern/4 ,footnote #aij3 ,i presume ?is ref]s to "s drap]y or curta9s r\nd ! bu/ z exhibit$4 ,footnote #aia3 ,?is is ! mean+ ( ,heit]keit "h r ?an *e]fulness1 ?\gh ,seligkeit is ! usual ^w4 ,footnote #aib3 ,gttli*e ,univ]sum4 ,a r curi\s expression =1 ,i presume1 ! ideal totality ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,footnote #aic3 ,d] gei/ig5 absolut5 ,inn]li*keit4 ,lit41 ! spiritual & absolute mode ( ! inw>d life4 ,he ref]s1 ( c\rse1 to ,*ri/ianity1 ) its life ( ! pure 9 he>t & ! pure reason4 ,footnote #aid3 ,besonn5heit4 ,footnote #aie3 ,iliad1 ,,xvi1 vv4 #ghc-hdi4 ,footnote #aif3 ,i v mu* d\bt :e!r ! words ,sond]n das ,g]$e alle9 c h ?is mean+1 b ! obvi\s mean+1 b only ! gossip1 h>dly makes s5se4 ,i ?9k ! s5t5ce requires revision4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,dissolution ,,( ,,! ,,classical ,,type ,,( ,,art ,! gods ( classical art conta9 9 !mselves ! g]m ( _! ov]?r[2 consequ5tly1 :5 ?is fatal defect :i* !y include is br\ght to consci\sness ?r\gh ! elaboration ( art itself1 !y br+ ab\t ! dissolution ( ! classical ,ideal at ! same "t4 ,we e/abli%$ z ! pr9ciple ( ?is1 s f> z we h "h to deal ) x1 t k9d ( spiritual individuality :i* secures 9 e respect an adequate expression 9 bodily or ext]nal exi/5ce imm$iate to our s5ses4 ,?is individuality 0 enclos$ )9 a complex ( div9e p]sonalities1 ^: def9ition is n ess5tially & )al f ! fir/ giv5 up to ! cont+5t condition 9 :i* ! ev]la/+ gods receive ! appe>ance ( dissolution = man's consci\s life no less ?an = 8 arti/ic creation4 #a4 ,,fate ,,or ,,de/9y ,x is true t sculpture 9 its complete pla/ic p]fection accepts ! gods z sub/antive pot5cies1 & end[s !m ) a =m 9 ^: beauty !y 9 ! fir/ in/ance repose 9 security1 = ! reason t ! accid5tal "*1 ( _! ext]nal envisagem5t is to ! lea/ ext5t emphasiz$4 ,_! multiplicity & di/9ction does 9 fact1 h[ev]1 con/itute ?is elem5t ( cont+5cy1 & ?\ght annuls ?is 9 ! det]m9ate conception ( "o div9ity1 ?r\gh ^: inevitable p[] !y are mutually at w> ) & to ! detrim5t ( ea* o!r4 ,= h[ev] univ]sal ! p[] ( e p>ticul> god is conceiv$ z specific individuality1 su* is ( a re/rict$ range4 ,add to ?is ! fact t ! gods d n cont9ue 9 _! et]nal repose2 !y are self-det]m9$ relatively to p>ticul> aims 9 actual movem5t ?r\gh _! be+ drawn hi!r & ?i!r by ! pre-exi/+ conditions & collisions ( concrete reality1 9 ord] at "o "t to af=d assi/ance & at ano!r to ob/ruct or de/roy4 ,^! isolat$ relations 9 :i* ! gods z active individuals p>ticipate conta9 )9 !m an elem5t ( cont+5cy1 :i* impairs ! sub/antive nature ( ! div9e1 h[ev] mu* ! same may p]si/ z ! pr$om9ant sub/ratum1 & involves ! gods 9 ! contradictions & conflicts ( a limit$ f9itude4 ,by reason ( ?is f9it5ess imman5t 9 ! gods !mselves !y fall into contradiction ) ! l(t9ess1 wor?1 & beauty ( _! exi/5ce1 ?r\gh :i*1 too1 !y are ev5tually br\ght d[n to ! level ( m]e caprice & *ance4 ,! g5u9e ,ideal evades ! complete appe>ance ( ?is contradiction simply & 9 s f> z--?is is preem95tly ! case 9 true sculpture & its p>ticul> creations z we f9d !m 9 temples--! div9e p]sonalities are repres5t$ z explicitly alone 9 ! repose ( bless$ness1 yet reta91 z we h already above indicat$1 a c]ta9 aspect ( lifelessness1 some:at alo( f all emotion1 & )al t quiet *>act]i/ic ( pa!tic lam5t4 ,x is j ?is m\rnfulness :i* exposes _! fate by demon/rat+ t some?+ ( high] import /&s above !m1 & ! passage f ! p>ticul>ities ( =m to _! compreh5d+ unity is a necess>y "o4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we fix our att5tion on ! type & configuration ( ?is l(ti] unity we %all f9d t x is1 z contra/$ ) ! individuality & relative det]m9ation ( ! gods1 ! ess5tially ab/ract & =mless--! necessity1 ! fate1 :i* "u ?is mode ( ab/raction ! high] c only 9 g5]al t]ms be1 & :i* con/ra9s bo? gods & m51 :ile rema9+ 9 itself incompreh5sible & inconceivable4 ,fate is n z yet absolute & self-subsi/5t end1 & !reby at ! same "t subjective1 p]sonal1 div9e purpose1 b m]ely ! "o & univ]sal ,p[] :i* transc5ds ! p>ticul>ity ( ! diff]5t gods1 & consequ5tly is unable to be pres5t$ itself z individual entity2 because o!rwise x w\ld simply appe> z "o among _m individuals1 & w\ld /& above !m4 ,= ?is reason x rema9s )\t =m & individuality1 & is 9 ?is ab/raction m]ely necessity & no?+ m2 ) :i* gods no less ?an m51 :5 !y diff]5tiate !mselves z sep>ate f "o ano!r1 cont5d4 ,& ?us !y give effect to _! individual p[] condemn$ ?\gh x be to limitations1 & w\ld fa9 exalt !mselves ov] ! b\nds & w>rant ( ,fate1 ?\gh !y are1 9 fact1 its subjects1 & are =c$ to he>k5 to all t unalt]ably befalls !m4 #b4 ,,! ,,dissolution ,,( ,,! ,,gods ,,?r\gh ,,_! ,,an?ropomorphism ,= ! reason1 !n1 t ! pr9ciple ( self-det]m9ate ,necessity#aig does n app]ta9 to ! p>ticul> gods1 does n supply 9 o!r words ! cont5t ( _! self-det]m9ation1 & only floats ov] !m z an undef9$ ab/raction1 ! aspect ( _! insul>ity z individuals has consequ5tly free play & is unable to escape f ,de/9y1 is moreov] at lib]ty to bran* out into ! ext]nal fabric ( ! human condition1 into ! f9ite consi/5cy ( an?ropomorphism1 possibilities :i* conv]t ! gods into ! rev]se ( t condition :i* truly con/itutes ! notion ( :at !y are ess5tially & 9 virtue ( _! div9e nature4 ,! ov]?r[ ( ^! gods ( beauty is consequ5tly q inevitably br\ght ab\t = art ?r\gh _! own nature4 ,! human consci\sness is at la/ q unable to f9d repose 9 !m1 & is fa9 compell$ to take leave ( !m4 ,&1 moreov]1 if we look m closely we %all f9d t ! mode & type ( ,greek an?ropomorphism supplies u ) a g5]al example ( h[ ! gods vani% away f ! fai?s ( religion no less ?an ^? ( poetry4 7a7 ,spiritual individuality "h makes its appe>ance 9 ! human =m1 x is true1 z ,ideal2 b = all t x is 9 ! imm$iately visible1 t is1 ! bodily pres5ce1 n )9 humanity 9 all its ess5tial explication1 "u ! mode 9 :i* x is consci\s ( itself 9 its own self-consci\s _w z di/9ct f ,god1 :ile 9 ! same brea? x annuls ! di/9ction1 & is1 by its own act1 z "o ) ,god1 ess5tially inf9ite & absolute self-consci\sness4 77 ,= ?is reason ! pla/ic ,ideal is unable to pres5t itself z inf9ite self-consci\s spirituality4 ,^! pla/ic %apes ( beauty are n m]ely /one & bronze1 b also ! inf9ite =m ( subjective life vani%es f !m 9 _! cont5t & expression4 ,we may become z en?usia/ic z we please ov] _! beauty & art1 b = all t our en?usiasm is & rema9s some?+ native to our own s\ls2 x is n really at home 9 ! objects :i* x ?us contemplates1 t is 9 ! gods !mselves4 ,to complete ! true totality a real reciprocity is requir$ on ?is side also ( ! subjective1 self-kn[+ unity & inf9ity2 x is ?is1 & only ?is1 t unfolds our conception ( a liv+ ,god ( k1 & ( m5 :o ?us appreh5d ,him4 ,if ?is totality is n also ess5tially & ) adequacy con=mable to ! cont5t & nature ( ! ,absolute1 !n ! ,absolute w itself appe> n z truly a subject ( spiritual be+1 & its pres5tm5t w confront u m]ely 9 its objective =m )\t ! possession ( self-consci\s ,_s4 ,x is q true1 no d\bt1 t ! individuality ( ! gods reta9s ! cont5t ( subjectivity1 b m]ely "u modes t are cont+5t1 & 9 a process ( developm5t1' :i* moves indep5d5tly outside t sub/antive repose & bless$ness ( ! gods4 77 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! subjectivity :i* is oppos$ to ! gods ( pla/ic art is also n ! =m ( consci\s life :i* is ess5tially et]nal & true4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is latt] is--z we %all see = ourselves m cle>ly 9 our consid]ation ( ! ?ird type ( art1 ! romantic--t :i* has be=e x ! objectivity to :i* x is con=mable "u ! mode ( an ess5tially inf9ite & self-kn[+ ,god4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z ! kn[+ subject1 at ! /age we are n[ discuss+1 does n consci\sly conceive itself z pres5t 9 ! p]fections ( ^! godlike figures1 nor ev5 9 its contemplation ( su* objects is aw>e ( itself z circum/antially objective1 x is /ill :olly di/9ct & sep>ate f its absolute object1 & is consequ5tly a purely cont+5t & f9ite subjectivity4 77 ,we might possibly suppose t ! passage into a high] sph]e ( reality w\ld h be5 emphasiz$ by ! imag9ation & art z a fur!r w> among ! gods1 9 a way analog\s1 9 fact1 to ! fir/ transition f ! symbolism ( ! gods ( ,nature to ! spiritual ,ideals ( classical art4 ,?is is by no means ! case4 ,on ! contr>y1 ?is translation is c>ri$ =w>d 9 a :olly diff]5t field1 z a conflict br\ght home to consci\sness betwe5 absolute reality & ! pres5t _w4 ,= ?is reason art1 9 its relation to ! high] cont5t1 :i* x has to seize "u new modes1 occupies an entirely alt]$ position4 ,?is new configuration does n ass]t its importance z revelation by means ( ,art1 b is made manife/ indep5d5tly )\t x1 & appe>s on ! prosaic gr\nd ( controv]sial & rational discussion1 & f !nce is )9 ! s\l & its religi\s emotions1 ma9ly by means ( miracle1 m>tyrdoms1 & s on1 c>ri$ into ! _w ( subjective k1 toge!r ) a consci\sness ( ! contradiction betwe5 all t is f9ite & ! ,absolute1 :i* unfolds itself 9 actual hi/ory z ! process ( ev5ts t[>d a ,pres5t :i* is n m]ely imag9$1 b is ! fact we h be=e u4 ,! ,div9e1 ,god ,himself1 becomes fle%1 is born1 lives1 suff]s1 dies1 & rises f ! dead4 ,?is is a cont5t :i* he>t did n discov]1 b :i*1 q ap>t f x1 0 a pres5t fact1 & :i* consequ5tly x has n borr[$ f its own doma91 b m]ely supplies a =m to x4 ,t old transition & w> ( ! gods1 on ! contr>y1 discov]$ its orig9s 9 ! arti/ic or imag9ative view ( ! _w simply1 :i* creat$ its wisdom & pla/ic %apes f its inn] life1 & gave to a/oni%$ mank9d 8 new gods4 ,= ?is reason ! classic gods also h only receiv$ _! exi/5ce ?r\gh ! fiat ( ! imag9ation1 & m]ely exi/ z su* 9 /one & bronze1 or 9 ! _w op5 to ! s5ses1 n1 h[ev]1 9 fle% & blood1 or 9 v & actual ,_s4 ,! an?ropomorphism ( ! ,greek gods is !re=e )\t real human exi/5ce1 t ( body no less ?an t ( ,_s4 ,x is ,*ri/ianity :i* fir/ introduces u to ?is reality 9 fle% & blood z ! det]m9ate exi/5ce1 life1 & activity ( ,god ,himself4 ,consequ5tly ?is bodily =m1 ?is fle%1 h[ev] mu* also ! purely natural & s5su\s is recogniz$ z a negation !re91 receives its due & hon\r1 & t :i* p>takes ( an?ropomorphism "h is sanctifi$4 ,ev5 z man orig9ally 0 made 9 ! image ( ,god1 ,god is an image ( man2 :oso beholde? ! ,son beholde? ! ,fa!r1 & :oso love? ! ,son love? ! ,fa!r4 ,9 a ^w1 ,god is ackn[l$g$ z pres5t 9 ! actual _w4 ,?is new cont5t1 !n1 is n br\ght home to consci\sness by means ( ! conceptions ( art1 b is pres5t$ f an ext]ior s\rce z an actual occurr5ce1 z ! hi/ory ( ! ,god :o became fle%4 ,a transition su* z ?is c\ld n take its po9t ( dep>ture f ,art2 ! contra/ betwe5 ! old & ! new w\ld h be5 too disp>ate4 ,! ,god ( reveal$ religion1 9 respect to cont5t & =m1 is v ,god 9 tru?1 9 contra/ ) :om all rivals w\ld become m]e creations ( ! imag9ation1 :om x w\ld be q impossible to comp>e ) ,him on equal t]ms4 ,! old & new gods ( classical art1 on ! contr>y1 orig9ate 9 bo? cases indep5d5tly f ! gr\nd ( ! imag9ation4 ,!y h only su* reality f ! f9ite ,_s z enables !m to be conceiv$ & repres5t$ z pot5cies ( ,nature & ,_s2 ! contradiction & conflict !y decl>e1 is tak5 s]i\sly4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! transition f ! ,greek gods to ! ,god ( ,*ri/5dom 7 portray$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance by ,art1 ! repres5tation ( su* a w> ( gods c\ld n 9 ?is direct =m be en=c$ 9 all s]i\sness4 7b7 ,consequ5tly ?is /rife & transition becomes also1 9 m rec5t times1 prim>ily an accid5tal1 isolat$ subject-matt] ( art1 :i* c claim to create no true epo*1 & has be5 able 9 ?is =m to embody no fundam5tal phase 9 ! l9e ( ! entire developm5t ( art4 ,we w recall "h 9 ?is connection1 if incid5tally1 a few ( ! m fam\s examples ( ?is nature4 ,we frequ5tly he> 9 m rec5t times ! lam5t ov] ! subm]g5ce ( ,greek art1 & a ye>n+ t[>ds ,greek gods & h]oes is n infrequ5tly ! !me ( our poets#aih4 ,?is lam5tation is express$ emphatically z 9 direct opposition to ,*ri/5dom2 & ?\gh x is1 no d\bt1 g5]ally grant$ t x conta9s ! high] tru?1 ! qualification is add$ t1 s f> z art is conc]n$1 ! transition is only to be regrett$4 ,?is is ! !me ( ,s*ill]'s ,gods ( ,greece2 & x is wor? our :ile1 ev5 9 ! pres5t inquiry1 to consid] ?is poem1 n m]ely z poetry 9 ! beauty ( its exposition1 its musical rhy?m1 its vivid pictures1 or 9 ! *>m ( its regretful mood1 :i* 0 ! motive =ce 9 its creation1 b also 9 ord] to exam9e ! cont5t4 ,s*ill]'s pa?os is always true1 no less ?an poignant1 & ! result ( pr(\nd reflection4 ,x is p]fectly true t ! ,*ri/ian religion conta9s1 & may ju/ly claim to acc5tuate1 a c]ta9 phase ( art2 b 9 ! due c\rse ( its developm5t1 at ! "t ( ! ,aufklrung#aii1 x has also rea*$ a po9t :]e we f9d t ?\ght1 or r ! ,und]/&+#bjj1 has driv5 into ! backgr\nd t elem5t1 :i* art pre-em95tly requires1 ! actual human envisagem5t & revelation ( ,god4 ,= ! human =m & all t x expresses & decl>es1 human ev5ts1 actions1 feel+1 is ! =m "u :i* art is =c$ to conceive & repres5t ! cont5t ( ,_s4 ,inasmu* z ! ,und]/&+ has conv]t$ ,god into a m]e fact ( ?\ght1 no long] cr$it+ ! appe>ance ( ,8 ,_s 9 concrete reality1 & ?us has ali5at$ ! ,god ( ,?\ght f all actual exi/5ce1 ?is type ( religi\s ,illum9ation has necess>ily accept$ conceptions & requirem5ts :i* are intol]able to ,art4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! ,und]/&+ is rais$ once m f ! region ( ^! ab/ractions into t ( ,reason1 ! ne$ at once ass]ts itself = some?+ m concrete1 & )al = t k9d ( concret5ess :i* ,art itself unfolds4 ,! p]iod ( ! illum9at+ ,und]/&+ has1 no d\bt1 possess$ an art ( its own1 b only ( v prosaic type1 z we may ev5 f9d x 9 ,s*ill]1 ^: po9t ( dep>ture 0 precisely t ( su* a p]iod ( criticism2 lat] on1 h[ev]1 ow+ to 8 realization h[ little reason1 imag9ation1 & passion 7 satisfi$ by ! critical ,und]/&+1 he exp]i5c$ a deep long+ = art1 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! t]m1 & prim>ily = ! classical art ( ! ,greeks & _! gods1 & g5]al views ( ! _w4 ,x is f ?is k9d ( ye>n+1 a reaction1 9 %ort1 f ! m]e ab/ractions ( ! m9d1 t ! poem ref]r$ to orig9at$4 ,accord+ to ! orig9al draft ( ! poem1 ,s*ill]'s attitude to ,*ri/ianity is entirely polemical2 aft]w>ds he modifi$ x consid]ably1 no d\bt realiz+ t its animus 0 only direct$ aga9/ ! critical aspect ( ! ,illum9ation1 :i* at a lat] "t itself began to lose its importance4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance he praises ! ,greek po9t ( view z =tunate 9 t ! :ole ( ,nature 0 a ?+ ( ,life to x1 & full ( div9ities4 ,aft] t he reviews ! ,pres5t & its prosaic conception ( natural law1 & ! position man "h takes relatively to ,god3 _/ ,diese traur'ge ,/ille ,kndigt sie mir me95 ,s*pf] an8 ,f9/] wie er selb/ i/ se9e ,hlle1 ,me9 ,entsag51 0 ihn fei]n kann#bja4 _/ ,no d\bt resignation is an ess5tial *>act]i/ic 9 ! evolution ( ! ,*ri/ian life2 b x is only 9 ! monki% conception ( x t x requires he %\ld cut (f f himself 8 s\l1 8 emotions1 ! s-call$ impulses ( 8 ,nature1 & %\ld n incorporate 8 life 9 ! moral1 rational1 actual _w1 ! family & ! ,/ate2 & x does s precisely z ! ,illum9ation & its ,deism1 :i* presupposes t ,god is unkn[able1 imposes on mank9d ! extreme/ =m ( resignation1 namely1 t ( ab&on+ all ef=t ei!r to "k or conceive ,him4 ,9 any true exposition ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 resignation is1 on ! contr>y1 m]ely a phasal mom5t ( m$iation1 a po9t ( transition1 9 :i* t :i* is purely natural1 s5su\s1 & 9 g5]al t]ms f9ite1 /rips (f ?is its incompatible nature 9 ord] to p]mit ,_s to atta9 ! l(ti] fre$om & reconciliation ( its own possessions1 a fre$om & bless$ness :i* 0 unkn[n to ! ,greeks4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity z ?us und]/ood we are n entitl$ to speak ( ! celebration ( ! "o ,god1 ( ! b>e seclusion ( ,himself1 & ! cutt+ ourselves adrift f an ungodly _w1 = x is precisely 9 ?is spiritual fre$om & reconciliation ( ,_s t ,god is imman5t1 & f ?is po9t ( view ! fam\s l9es ( ,s*ill]3 _/ ,da die ,gttes m5s*li*] no* w>51 ,w>5 ,m5s*5 gttli*]#bjb4 _/ is absolutely false4 ,we mu/ = ?is v reason emphasize ! lat] alt]ation made 9 ! conclud+ l9es :i* ref] ?us to ! ,greek gods3 _/ ,aus d] ,zeitfluh wegg]iss5 s*web5 ,sie g]ettet auf des ,p9dus ,hhn2 ,0 un/]bli* im ,gesang soll leb51 ,muss im ,leb5 unt]gehn#bjc4 _/ ,^! words support entirely ! ass]tion we h made above t ! ,greek gods c\ld only be localiz$ 9 ! m5tal conception & imag9ation2 !y 7 nei!r able to affirm su* a position 9 ! reality ( life1 nor satisfy 9 ! long run f9ite _s4 ,( ano!r sort is ! opposition ( ,p>ny to ,*ri/ianity--a poet nam$ ! ,fr5* ,tibullus on acc\nt ( 8 successful elegies--:i* is conspicu\s 9 a prolix poem ( t5 cantos1 a k9d ( epic poem entitl$ ,la ,gu]re des ,dieux1 z an attempt made to br+ ridicule ^u ,*ri/ian conceptions 9 ! int]e/s ( je/ & com$y c>ri$ out 9 a tone ( unre/ra9$ frivolity1 yet )al m>k$ by good hum\r & consid]able tal5t4 ,! sallies ( wit "h are n1 h[ev]1 c>ri$ beyond ! po9t ( levity2 we h few traces ( ! wanton disreg>d ( ?+s t are sacr$ & ( ! highe/ excell5ce su* z m>ks ! p]iod ( ,fr$]ick von ,s*legel's ,luc9de4 ,! ,virg9 ,m>y no d\bt is treat$ v badly 9 ?is poem4 ,! monks1 ,dom9icans & ,franciscans1 yield to ! s$uctions ( w9e & ,bac*anals1 & ! nuns d mu* ! same ) ,fauns1 & ! result is suffici5tly %ock+4 ,f9ally1 h[ev]1 ! gods ( ! old _w are vanqui%$ & )draw f ,olympus to ,p>nassus4 ,z a conclud+ illu/ration ,goe! 9 8 ,bride ( ,cor9? has m pr(\ndly depict$ 9 a vivaci\s picture ! bani%m5t ( love1 n s mu* z ! result ( any true pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity z ! misconceiv$ int]pretation ( resignation & sacrifice4 ,! poet "h contra/s t false asceticism :i* seeks to condemn ! det]m9ation ( a woman to be wife & rates t en=c$ celibacy z some?+ m holy ?an m>riage ) ! natural feel+s ( mank9d4 ,j z we f9d 9 ,s*ill] ! opposition betwe5 ! ,greek imag9ation & ! critical ab/ractions ( our mod]n ,enlight5m5t1 s we may detect "h ! ,hell5i/ic e?ical & s5su\s ju/ifications 9 ! matt] ( love & m>riage1 plac$ 9 direct contra/ to ideas :i* c only claim to belong to ! ,*ri/ian religion :5 reg>d$ f a :olly "o-sid$ & !re=e incorrect po9t ( view4 ,) ! greate/ art a really horrible tone dom9ates ! entire "w2 & ! pr9cipal reason is ?is1 t x rema9s q unc]ta9 :e!r ! action has ref]5ce to a real maid51 or a dead "o1 a liv+ reality or a gho/2 & 9 ! metre ( ! v]se itself 9 an equally ma/]ly way ! ?reads ( light fool]y & s]i\sness are s int]wov5 z to make ! uncann9ess /ill m effective4 7c7 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 we attempt to gauge 9 its pr(undity ! new type ( art1 ^: opposition to ! old does n come into ! c\rse ( ,art's developm5t1 s f>1 at lea/1 z we "h h und]tak5 to foll[ x along its fundam5tal l9es1 we mu/ 9 ! fir/ in/ance make cle> = ourselves t o!r transition 9 its e>lie/ =m1 :i* atta*es to antique art itself4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is transition consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! ,_s ^: individuality hi!rto has be5 contemplat$ z 9 h>mony ) ! true subsi/5cy ( ,nature & human life1 & :i*1 9 respect to its own life1 volition1 & acts1 0 consci\sly at home 9 t accord1 beg9s n[ to )draw itself into ! inf9ite subjectivity ( its ess5ce1 b in/ead ( ! true inf9ity is only able to secure a purely =mal & inde$ /ill f9ite return ^u itself4 ,if we look m closely at ! concrete conditions :i* correspond to ! pr9ciple indicat$1 we %all see1 we h already done s1 t ! ,greek gods possess z _! cont5t ! sub/antive mat]iae ( real human life & action4 ,ov] & above ! vision ( ! gods we h n[ ! highe/ mode ( det]m9ation1 ! univ]sal int]e/ & ! end 9 det]m9ate life1 t is to say1 pres5t$ at ! same "t z an exi/+ fact4 ,j z x 0 ess5tial to ! spiritual configuration ( ,greek art to appe> bo? z ext]nal & real1 s1 too1 ! spiritual gr[? ( mank9d 9 its absolute significance has elaborat$ itself 9 a reality t bo? ext]nally appe>s & is real1 ) ^: sub/ance & univ]sality ! individual has put =w>d a claim to be 9 accordant fusion4 ,?is highe/ end 0 9 ,greece ! life ( ! ,/ate1 ! collective body ( citiz5s & _! morality & liv+ patriotism4 ,outside ?is supreme int]e/ !re 0 no o!r m l(ty or true4 ,! life ( ! ,/ate1 h[ev]1 z an ext]nal ph5om5on ( ! _w1 fades into ! ,pa/1 z d ! conditions ( ! entire reality ( ! outside _w4 ,x is n difficult to demon/rate t a ,/ate "u ! type ( su* a fre$om1 s imm$iately id5tical ) all its citiz5s1 :i* z su* already possess 9 _! grasp ! highe/ activity 9 all public transactions1 is inevitably small & weak1 & 9 "p mu/ prove suicidal to itself1 9 "p fall into ru9s 9 ! natural c\rse ( ! hi/ory ( nations4 ,9 o!r words1 by reason ( ?is imm$iate coalesc5ce ( individual life ) ! univ]sality ( ,/ate-life1 on ! "o h& we f9d t ! peculi> idiosyncrasies ( spiritual exp]i5ce & its p>ticul> aspects z private life d n receive _! full dues1 nor d !y receive suffici5t opportunity = a developm5t innocu\s to society at l>ge4 ,r1 z di/9ct f ! concrete sub/ance1 into :i* x has n be5 accept$1 su* a nature rema9s simply ! limit$ & natural egoism1 :i* goes on its own way indep5d5tly1 pursues its int]e/s h[ev] mu* !y are ali5 to ! true int]e/ ( ! :ole1 &1 consequ5tly1 is an in/rum5t to ! ru9 ( ! ,/ate1 aga9/ :i*1 9 ! la/ resort1 x /ra9s to oppose its individual =ces4 ,on ! o!r h& )9 ! circle ( ?is fre$om itself ! ne$ ( a high] p]sonal lib]ty is r\s$1 :i* n m]ely 9 ! ,/ate1 z ! sub/antive totality1 nor m]ely 9 ! accept$ code ( morals & law1 b 9 ! v s\l ( ! man himself ass]ts its claim to exi/1 9 s f> z he is ready to give life to goodness & rectitude out ( ! weal? ( 8 own nature & 9 ! light ( 8 own p]sonal k1 & to recognize ! same at its real wor?4 ,! individual subject dem&s ( consci\sness t x %\ld be1 9 virtue ( its claim z self-id5tity1 a sub/antive :ole4 ,consequ5tly !re arises 9 ?is fre$om a new brea* betwe5 ! end ( ! ,/ate & t ( ! man's own p]sonal welf>e z ess5tially free himself4 ,su* a conflict z ?is _h already begun 9 ! "t ( ,socrates1 :ile on ! o!r side ! vanity1 self-seek+ & unbridl$ "* ( democracy & demagogy corrupt$ ! true ,/ate to su* a degree t m5 l ,plato & ,x5ophon exp]i5c$ a loa?+ = ! int]nal condition ( _! "m-city1 :]e ! direction ( all public transactions lay 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o 7 ei!r frivol\s1 or ^? :o s\ght no?+ b p]sonal aims4 ,! _s ( ?is transition1 !re=e1 dep5ds 9 ! fir/ in/ance on ! g5]al l9e ( sev]ation betwe5 ,_s 9 its unfold$ self-subsi/5cy & ext]nal exi/5ce4 ,! spiritual 9 ?is sep>ation f its reality1 9 :i* x no long] f9ds itself reflect$1 is !n ! ab/ract mode ( ,_s2 x is n1 h[ev]1 ! "o ,ori5tal god1 b on ! contr>y ! actual self-kn[+ consci\s subject1 :i* br+s to ! =e & reta9s )9 ! clasp ( its ideal subjectivity all t is univ]sal 9 ?\ght1 tru?1 goodness1 & morality1 & possesses !re9 n s mu* ! k ( a pre-exi/+ reality z simply ! cont5t ( its ?\ghts & convictions4 ,?is relation1 9 s f> z x p]si/s 9 ?is opposition1 & sets up ! two aspects ( ! same z purely opposites to "o ano!r1 w\ld be ( an entirely prosaic "*4 ,we d n1 h[ev]1 at ?is /age z yet arrive at ?is po9t ( b>e prose4 ,9 o!r words x is true t on ! "o h& we h a consci\sness pres5t1 :i* z self-secure1 wills ! ,good1 ! fulfilm5t ( its desires1 conceives ! reality ( its notion 9 ! virtue ( its emotional life1 mu* z we f9d x ?us imag$ 9 ! anci5t gods1 morals1 & laws4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ?is consci\sness is split up 9 opposition to its exi/5ce z "p ( exi/+ ,life1 9 o!r words ! actual political life ( ! "t1 ! dissolution ( ! old modes ( conception1 ! =m] type ( patriotism & political wisdom1 & adh]es !reby unque/ionably to t opposition betwe5 ! inw>d life ( s\l & ! real environm5t outside x4 ,& ! reason ( ?is hesitancy is ?is t ! b>e conceptions ( g5u9e e?ical tru? :i* x d]ives f its own inn] _w are unable to fully satisfy x2 x consequ5tly faces t :i* is ext]ior to ?is1 to :i* x relates itself 9 a negative & ho/ile _s ) ! object ( *ang+ x4 ,?is consci\sness is1 z already /at$1 on ! "o h& no d\bt an inw>d & pres5t cont5t1 :i*1 self-det]m9$ & at ! same "t delib]ately articulate1 is conc]n$ ) a _w t confronts x1 to :i* ?is cont5t is oppos$1 & :i* receives ! task to depict ?is same reality 9 ! semblance ( ! v traits ( ! corruption peculi> to t _w1 & :i* =m su* a contra/ ) its own ideas ( goodness & tru?4 ,f ano!r po9t ( view ?is v contra/ is cancell$ by art itself4 ,9 o!r words1 ano!r type ( art arises1 9 :i* ! conflict ( ?is opposition is n emphasiz$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( m]e ?\ghts1 rema9+ ?us 9 its disunion2 b ?is reality 9 ! v folly ( its corruption is itself submitt$ to a mode ( arti/ic pres5tation1 :i* exposes x z self-de/ructive1 & exposes x 9 su* a way t x is precisely 9 & ?r\gh ?is self-de/ructive process ( :at is ( no weight t tru? is enabl$ to ass]t itself ^u ?is mirror z ! secure & endurable p[]1 & !reby all ! =ce ( a direct opposition to :at is ess5tially true is remov$ f t side repres5t$ by folly & unreasonabl5ess4 ,?is art is com$y1 ( ! type ,ari/ophanes dramatiz$ = 8 fell[-citiz5s1 connect+ x closely ) all t 0 ess5tial 9 ! _w ar\nd him1 & do+ s ) equanimity#bjd1 9 a mood ( pure & he>ty joviality4 #c4 ,,satire ,we may1 h[ev]1 obs]ve t ?is resolution ( art1 despite its adequacy1 t5ds to disappe> to ?is ext5t1 t ! contradictory anti!sis p]si/s 9 ! =m ( its opposition1 &1 consequ5tly1 in/ead ( ! poetic reconciliation a prosaic relation is import$1 by means ( :i* ! classical type ( art appe>s to be annull$1 & ! gods ( pla/ic %ape no less ?an ! entire _w ( human beauty vani% ) x4 ,we h1 !n1 n[ to look ab\t u = a =m ( art1 :i* is able to reclo! itself f ! ru9s ( ?is ov]?r[ 9 a l(ti] configuration & to extract ! real significance :i* x implies4 ,we discov]$ z ! t]m9at+ po9t ( symbolic art 9 ! same way t ! sep>ation ( pure =m f its significance 0 emphasiz$ 9 a v>iety ( modes su* z simile1 fable1 p>able1 riddle1 & ! l4 ,inasmu* z ! sev]ation above adv]t$ to is causally responsible = ! dissolution ( t art-type1 9 a simil> way ! "q arises :at is ! nature ( ! di/9ction betwe5 our pres5t example ( transition z contra/$ ) ! previ\s "o4 ,! di/9ction is z foll[s3 7a7 ,9 ! truly symbolic & comp>ative type ( art ! =m & significance are f ! v fir/1 despite ! aff9ity ( _! relation%ip1 ali5 to "o ano!r2 !y are plac$1 h[ev]1 9 no m]e negative1 b r 9 amicable relation%ip2 = x is precisely ! qualities & traits :i* are id5tical to or resemble ea* o!r on ! two sides :i* ass]t !mselves z ! causal basis ( _! conjunction & comp>ison4 ,_! p]si/5t sep>ation & ho/ility is consequ5tly )9 ! b\nds ( ?is union nei!r1 relatively to ! sep>at$ aspects1 ( a ho/ile "*1 nor is a bl5d+ ( ! same1 )9 ess5tially n>r[ limits1 !reby remov$ f !m4 ,! ,ideal ( classical art1 on ! contr>y1 proce$s f ! p]fect int]fusion ( significance & =m1 ! ideal individuality ( _s & its ext]nal con=mation2 & :5 ! composite aspects :i* h be5 br\ght toge!r 9 su* a consummat$ unity are disrupt$1 ?is disruption takes place simply because !y are unable any long] to coh]e "o ) ! o!r1 & are absolutely compell$ to />t =? f _! peaceful /ate ( h>mony 9 disunion & ho/ility4 7b7 ,toge!r ) ?is way ( look+ at ! relation 9 contra/ to t ( symbolic art we may add t ! cont5t ( bo? sides is alt]$1 z !y n[ /& 9 opposition4 ,to put x ?us we may say t1 9 ! symbolic type ( art1 x is ab/ractions m or less1 g5]al ?\ghts1 or at lea/ def9ite phrases 9 ! =m ( g5]alities peculi> to reflective ?\ght1 :i*1 by means ( ! symbolic type ( art1 receive a s5su\s embodim5t replete ) sugge/ion4 ,9 ! =m1 h[ev]1 :i* makes itself pr$om9ant 9 ?is transition to romantic art ! cont5t1 x is true1 is made up ( a simil> ab/raction ( g5]al ?\ghts1 op9ions1 & maxims ( reflective reason1 b 9 ?is case x is n ^! ab/ractions 9 !mselves1 b r _! pres5ce 9 ! individual's m9d & 8 self-subsi/5t id5tity :i* furni% ! cont5t = "o side ( ! opposition4 ,= ! prim>y requirem5t ( ?is m$iat+ /age consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! spiritual :i* has atta9$ ! ,ideal1 %all /& =? 9 its entire indep5d5ce4 ,already 9 classical art we f\nd t spiritual individuality 0 ( *ief importance1 albeit on ! side ( its realization x rema9$ reconcil$ ) a det]m9ate exi/5ce z imm$iately pres5t$4 ,:at is ( importance n[ is to decl>e a mode ( subjectivity :i* /rives to acquire ! ma/]y ov] ! =m t is no long] adequate to x1 9 a ^w1 ov] ext]nal reality4 ,9 ?is way ! _w ( ,_s becomes lib]at$ z indep5d5t4 ,x recov]s itself f bondage to ! s5su\s mat]ial & manife/s itself !reby ?r\gh ?is return ^u its own res\rces z ! subject ( a self-consci\sness :i* only f9ds cont5tm5t 9 ! secret weal? ( its own doma94 ,?is subject1 h[ev]1 :i* repels ext]nality f itself1 is n 9 respect to its ideal aspect yet ! truly concrete totality :i* encloses z cont5t ! ,absolute "u ! mode ( self-consci\s spiritual life2 r x is1 z /ill fett]$ by its opposition to reality1 a purely ab/ract1 f9ite1 & unsatisfi$ =m ( subjectivity4 ,9 opposition to ?is we h confront+ x an equally f9ite mode ( reality1 :i* on its "p is also indep5d5t1 b j = t v reason--=asmu*1 t is1 z ! tru? ( ,_s has )drawn f x into its own ideality & h5ce=w>d nei!r w nor c id5tity itself ) x1 appe>s z a reality void ( all gods & an exi/5ce fall5 into rott5ness4 ,9 ?is mann] & at ?is po9t art br+s =w>d a ,_s t ?9ks1 t is1 to repeat our =m] analysis1 ! individual consci\sness ( our humanity1 :i*1 support+ itself on its own possession ( ! ab/ract k & volition ( goodness & virtue1 confronts ) ho/ility !re) ! corruption ( its pres5t environm5t4 ,t aspect ( ?is opposition :i* rema9s unresolv$1 & 9 :i* ! ideal & ext]nal modes ( its anti!sis p]si/ 9 _! disruption1 con/itutes ! elem5t ( prose 9 ! mutual relation ( ! two sides4 ,a noble m9d or a virtu\s s\l to :om ! realization ( self-consci\s life is d5i$ 9 a _w ( vice & folly1 turns away f ! exi/5ce :i* ?us confronts him ) passionate indignation1 or m subtle wit & m fro/y bitt]ness1 & ei!r is wro? ) or scorns a _w :i* gives ! lie direct to 8 ab/ract notions ( virtue & tru?4 ,! type ( art :i* accepts ?is sudd5 outbur/ ( opposition betwe5 a subjectivity /ill f9ite 9 its mode & a deg5]ate _w outside x z its matt] is ! ,satire1 ! ord9>y !ories z to :i* h little to comm5d !m1 = ! simple reason t !y break d[n precisely :]e we look = _! assi/ance4 ,satire has no?+ to d ) epic poetry1 & x has j z little aff9ity ) lyric4 ,9 ! ,satire x is n ! life ( ! emotional nature :i* is express$2 r ! g5]al conception ( goodness & :at is ess5tially ne$ful1 :i* x no d\bt bl5ds ) ! p>ticul> aspect ( s\l-life#bje1 appe>s z ! virtu\sness ( ?is or t individual2 b ?is does n suff] itself to be enjoy$ 9 ! op5 & unhamp]$ beauty ( imag9ative conception or let t enjoym5t issue freely4 ,r ) discont5t x reta9s ! exi/+ discord betwe5 ! writ]'s own /ate ( m9d & its ab/ract pr9ciples & ! empirical reality :i* mocks !m4 ,to ?is ext5t satire is nei!r a g5u9e creation ( ! poet nor a real "w ( art4 ,= ^! reasons ! po9t ( view ( ! satirical poem c nev] be rea*$ satisfactorily ?r\gh ^? o!r types ( poetry j m5tion$2 x mu/ be appreh5d$ 9 a m g5]al way z ! example ( ?is v transitional =m we ref]r$ to f ! classic ,ideal4 7c7 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z x is1 relatively to its ideal cont5t1 ! prosaic resolution ( ! ,ideal1 :i* ass]ts itself ma9ly 9 satire1 we d n f9d t ,greece1 :i* is pre-em95tly ! native l& ( ,beauty1 is ! place :]e we mu/ look = x4 ,satirical poems ( ! nature above describ$ are ! *>act]i/ic possession ( ,rome4 ,! _s ( ! ,roman _w is ! sov]eignty ( ! ab/ract ,ideal1 ! law t is dead1 ! %ipwreck ( beauty & ( ! joy\sness ( civic life1 ! suppression ( ! family 9 ! s5se t x is ! imm$iate & mo/ natural =m ( morality1 & g5]ally ! sacrifice ( individuality1 :i* surr5d]s itself :olly to ! ,/ate1 & 9 ob$i5ce to ! ab/ract law is satisfi$ ) ! fro/-l s5se ( political wor? & critical satisfaction :i* x supplies4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is civic virtue1 ! cold-blood$ h>%ness ( :i* subjects to its pleasure all ali5 peoples1 :ile ! =mal rectitude ( ! p]sonal life is elaborat$ to ! fur!/ po9t ( consi/5cy on equally rigid l9es1 is :olly inconsonant ) g5u9e art4 ,we f9d1 !re=e1 ev5 9 ,rome no art t is at once conspicu\s 9 its beauty1 fre$om1 & greatness4 ,x is f ! ,greeks t ! ,romans borr[$ all t !y ma/]$ :e!r 9 sculpture or pa9t+1 epic1 lyric1 or dramatic poetry4 ,x is a rem>kable fact t all t we c po9t to z ! native product ( ,lat9 art is comic f>ces1 :]eas ! m cultivat$ types ( com$y1 n exclud+ ^? ( ,plautus & ,t]5ce1 are borr[$ f ,greece1 & are r an affair ( imitation ?an indep5d5t production4 ,ev5 ,ennius fir/ exhau/$ ! s\rces ( ,greek poetry be=e he made my?ology prosaic4 ,t type ( art is alone native to ! ,lat9 g5ius1 :i* 0 ess5tially itself prosaic1 ! didactic poem1 = example1 m p>ticul>ly :5 x conta9s an e?ical cont5t1 & end[s its g5]al reflections ) ! purely ext]ior adornm5t ( metre1 images1 similes1 & a rhetorically beautiful diction4 ,b above all o!r =ms ?us except$ we place ! satire4 ,"h we f9d x is ! mood ( virtu\s exasp]ation ov] ! surr\nd+ _w :i* /rives to air itself 9 :at is1 9 "s measure1 holl[ declamations4 ,we c only call ?is ess5tially prosaic type ( art poetical 9 s f> z x br+s be=e ! vision ! corrupt$ nature ( real life 9 su* a way t ?is corruption practically falls to pieces z ! result ( its own folly4 ,j z ,horace1 :o z a lyric poet entirely id5tifi$ himself by /udy ) ! arti/ic type & mann] ( ,greece1 9 8 epi/les & satires--:]e we h 8 orig9ality m emphasiz$--traces = u a liv+ picture ( ! morals ( 8 age1 by depict+ follies :i* are self-de/ructive by virtue ( ! /upidity1 t c>ries !m into effect4 ,nev]!less1 ev5 ?is example only pres5ts u ) a k9d ( m]rim5t t = all its ke5 & educat$ s5se c b>ely be class$ z poetry1 ! object 9 ! ma9 be+ to make ridicule out ( t :i* is bad4 ,among o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 we f9d t ! ab/ract conception ( rectitude & virtue is delib]ately contra/$ ) vice2 & 9 ?is case x is exasp]ation1 ang]1 hate1 & scorn1 :i* 9 "s measure expatiate 9 =mal eloqu5ce ov] virtue & wisdom1 & 9 "p give full re9 to ! indignation ( a s\l ( m nobility aga9/ ! dissolution & s]vility ( ! times1 or hold up be=e ! vices ( ! day ! mirror ( ! old morality1 ! =m] lib]ty1 ! virtues ( a /ate ( ! _w :i* has pass$ away1 )\t any g5u9e hope & belief 9 _! recov]y2 or r "o :i* has no?+ to oppose to ! tott]+ gait1 ! dilemmas1 ! ne$ & dang] ( an ignom9i\s pres5t1 save a /oical equanimity & ! un%akable consci5ce ( a virtu\s s\l4 ,roman hi/ory & philosophy n unfrequ5tly receive some?+ ( ! same tone f a mood ( ?is k9d4 ,sallu/ mu/ ne$s express himself /rongly aga9/ ! corruptions ( morals1 be+ himself v consid]ably affect$ by !m4 ,livy1 despite 8 rhetorical elegance1 seeks = com=t & satisfaction 9 8 picture ( ! good old days4 ,above all we h ,tacitus1 :o1 ) a sev]e melan*oly z gr& 9 its scope z x 0 pr(\nd1 )\t ! baldness ( declamation1 indignantly exposes 9 ! cle>e/ relief ! evils ( 8 "t4 ,among ! satiri/s ,p]sius is rem>kable = 8 ac]bity1 ) a bitt] edge m ke5 ?an t ( ,juv5al4 ,lat] on we f9d br++ up ! re> ! ,greek ,syrian ,lucian giv+ free v5t to 8 witticisms & pleasantry aga9/ all ?+s1 :e!r h]oes1 philosoph]s1 or gods2 & ) exceptional prom95ce pass+ 9 review ! anci5t gods ( ,greece on ! score ( _! humanity & individuality4 ,h[ev]1 only too (t5 he goes no fur!r 9 8 tittle-tattle ?an ! m]e ext]nal aspect ( ^! godlike figures & _! actions1 & is = t reason we>isome to mod]n read]s4 ,=1 on ! "o h&1 s f> z our convictions are conc]n$1 we h already dispos$ ( all t he w\ld de/roy1 & on ! o!r we are aw>e t1 despite all 8 je/s & mock]y1 ^! *>act]i/ic traits ( ,greek div9ities1 :5 contemplat$ "u ! aspect ( beauty1 /ill reta9 _! et]nal significance4 ,n[adays satirical poems are n likely to prove a success4 ,cotta & ,goe! h propos$ competitions 9 ?is =m ( composition1 b no poems ( note are =?com+4 ,c]ta9 fix$ pr9ciples are b\nd up ) x1 ) :i* ! pres5t age is n 9 h>mony2 a wisdom :i* is devoid ( cont5t1 a virtue :i* adh]es ) inflexible ob/9acy to its own res\rces & no?+ beyond1 may v possibly contra/ itself ) ! actual _w1 b is q unable to br+ ab\t ! truly poetical resolution ( :at is false & repugnant1 & effect ! g5u9e reconciliation 9 ! tru?4 ,9 "o ^w1 ,art is unable to p]si/ 9 ?is brea* betwe5 ! ab/ract conceptions ( ! inw>d life & ! objective _w ar\nd1 )\t prov+ itself false to its own pr9ciple4 ,! subjective realm ( ! s\l mu/ be conceiv$ z t :i* is itself an ess5tially inf9ite & indep5d5t exi/5ce1 :i*1 albeit x is unable to suff] ! f9ite reality to subsi/ z ,tru? itself1 nev]!less does n m]ely ass]t itself negatively t[>d ! same 9 a b>e contradiction1 b proce$s all ! :ile on ! pa? ( reconciliation1 & = ! fir/ "t1 9 its opposition to ! ideal individualities ( ! classical art-=m1 decl>es ?is v activity1 be+ 9 fact ! pres5tm5t ( ! absolute mode ( self-consci\s life4 ,footnote #aig3 ,lit4 ! ess5tially-&-=-itself-necess>y4 ,footnote #aih3 ,hld]l91 & ( c\rse ,goe! no less ?an ,s*ill]1 w\ld be includ$4 ,) our mod]ns su* z ,sw9burne ! admission is less obvi\s ?an ! qualification4 ,footnote #aii3 ,die ,aufklrung4 ,t is1 ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 usually translat$ z illum9ation or enlight5m5t4 ,footnote #bjj3 ,v]/&1 ! faculty ( sci5ce & common s5se4 ,footnote #bja3 _/ ,:at6 do? ?is same /illness tell me sadly ,all ,i "k ( ,him :o voic$ creation8 ,d>k z e'en ! veil t hides ,him f me ,is my he>t's salute ( resignation4 _/ ,footnote #bjb3 _/ ,s9ce ! gods 7 !n m human ,m5 7 m 9 image godlike4 _/ ,footnote #bjc3 _/ ,wre/$ f ! flood ( ,"t's abysses ,sav$ !y float above high ,p9dus n[2 ,all t 0 immortal life )9 !m ,lives 9 song1 all o!r life mu/ g4 _/ ,footnote #bjd3 ,zornlos lit41 )\t ang]4 ,footnote #bje3 ,i ?9k ?is is ! mean+ ( ! words mit subjectiv] ,besond]heit1 b ! int]pretation ) o!r mat]ial peculi> to ! writ] is n impossible4 ,,subsection ,,iii ,,! ,,romantic ,,type ,,( ,,art ,,introduction ,,( ,,! ,,romantic ,,g5]ally ,! type ( romantic art receives its def9ition1 z we h hi!rto ?r\gh\t ! pres5t inquiry se5 0 always ! case1 f ! ideal notion ( ! cont5t1 :i* x is ! function ( art to decl>e4 ,we mu/ consequ5tly 9 ! fir/ place attempt to elucidate ! di/9ctive pr9ciple ( ! new cont5t1 a cont5t :i* n[1 9 its significance z ! absolute cont5t ( tru?1 op5s up to our m9ds a new vision ( ! _w no less ?an a novel configuration ( art4 ,9 ! fir/ /age ( our inquiry1 ! entrance *amb] ( art1 ! impulse ( imag9ation consi/$ 9 ! /ruggle f ,nature to spiritual expression4 ,9 ?is /ra9 ,_s nev] rea*$ beyond :at 0 /ill only an ef=t to f9d1 an ef=t :i*1 9 s f> z x 0 n yet able to supply a g5u9e cont5t = art1 c\ld only ma9ta9 its position z an ext]nal embodim5t ( ! significant aspects ( ,nature1 or ^? ab/ractions ( ! ideal inw>dness ( sub/ance :i* 7 de/itute ( a subjective "* 9 ! /rict s5se1 & 9 :i* ?is type ( art f\nd its real c5tre4 ,! rev]se ( ?is po9t ( view we discov]$ 9 classical art4 ,"h x is spirituality--albeit x is only by virtue ( ! abrogation ( ! significances ( ,nature t x is enabl$ to /ruggle =? 9 its indep5d5t self-id5tity--:i* is ! basis & pr9ciple ( ! cont5t1 ) ! natural ph5om5on 9 ! bodily or s5su\s mat]ial = its ext]nal =m4 ,?is embodim5t1 h[ev]1 did n1 z 0 ! case 9 ! fir/ /age1 rema9 sup]ficial1 indef9ite1 & unsuffus$ by its cont5t2 b ! p]fection ( art atta9$ its culm9at+ po9t by precisely ?is means1 namely1 t ,_s completely transpi]c$ its ext]ior appe>ance1 idealiz$ ! %ell ( ,nature 9 ?is union ( beauty1 & drew r\nd itself a reality adequate to its own nature z m9d "u ! mode ( sub/antive individuality4 ,by ?is means classical art 0 a pres5tation ( ! ,ideal :i* completely satisfi$ its notion1 ! consummation ( ! realm ( beauty4 ,m beautiful art ?an ?is c nei!r exi/ n[ nor h]eaft]4 ,b = all t we may h an art t is m l(ty 9 its aim ?an ?is lovely revelation ( ,_s 9 its imm$iate s5su\s =m1 if at ! same "t "o t is creat$ by ! m9d z adequate to its own nature4 ,= ?is coalition1 :i* p]fects itself 9 ! m$ium ( :at is ext]nal1 & !reby makes s5sible reality its adequate & det]m9ate exi/5ce1 necess>ily runs c\nt] to ! true notion ( ,_s1 & drives x =? f its reconciliation 9 ! bodily %ape ^u its own ess5tial sub/ance to seek fur!r reconciliation 9 t alone4 ,! simple & unriv5 totality ( ! ,ideal is dissolv$1 & breaks up into "o ( tw(old aspect1 namely1 t ( ! ess5tially subjective life & its ext]ior semblance1 9 ord] to enable m9d1 by means ( ?is sev]ation1 to w9 ! pr(\nd] reconciliation 9 its own mo/ prop] elem5t4 ,9 "o ^w1 ,_s1 :i* has = its pr9ciple ! mode ( entire self-suffici5cy1 ! union ( its notion ) its reality--is only able to discov] an exi/5ce t :olly corresponds to su* a pr9ciple 9 its own spiritual _w ( emotion1 s\l1 t is to say1 9 ! inw>d life :]e x feels at home4 ,! human _s becomes aw>e t x mu/ possess its ,o!r1 its exi/5ce1 z ,_s1 :i* x appropriates z its own & :at x v]ily is1 & by do+ s at l5g? enjoys its own inf9ity & fre$om4 #a4 ,?is elevation ( ,_s to its own sub/ance1 ?r\gh :i* x atta9s its objectivity--:i* x w\ld o!rwise be oblig$ to seek = 9 ! ext]nal environm5t ( its exi/5ce )9 its own self & 9 ?is union ) itself bo? feels & kn[s itself--is :at con/itutes ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( romantic art4 ,) ?is tru? we may jo9 z a coroll>y !reto t = ?is conclud+ /age ! beauty ( ! classic ,ideal1 or 9 o!r words beauty 9 its mo/ uniquely consonant =m & its mo/ con=mable cont5t1 is no long] reg>d$ z ultimate4 ,= 9 arriv+ at ! po9t ( romantic art1 ,_s#bjf becomes aw>e t its tru? is n fully atta9$ by a self-absorption 9 ! mat]ial ( s5se4 ,on ! contr>y1 x only comes fully to ! k ( t tru? by )draw+ itself out ( t m$ium into ! inw>d be+ ( its own sub/ance1 :]eby x delib]ately affirms ! inadequacy ( ext]nal reality z a mode ( its exi/5ce4 ,x is ow+ to ?is t :5 ?is new cont5t is set ! ess5tial task ( mak+ itself an object ( beauty1 ! beauty1 9 ! mean+ ( ! t]ms "u :i* we h met ) x be=e1 only p]si/s z a subord9ate mode1 & ! new conception ( x becomes ! spiritual beauty ( :at is its own ideality made fully explicit1 9 o!r words1 ! subjectivity ( ,_s ess5tially inf9ite 9 its mode4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 t m9d may atta9 ! inf9ity :i* belongs to x x mu/ transc5d at ! same "t purely =mal & f9ite p]sonality & rise into ! measure ( ! ,absolute4 ,t is to say1 ,_s mu/ decl>e itself z fulfill$ ) t :i* is out & out sub/antive1 & 9 do+ s proclaim itself z a self-kn[+ & self-will+ subject4 ,conv]sely1 !re=e1 :at is sub/antive & true is no long] to be appreh5d$ z a m]e beyond relatively to our humanity1 & ! an?ropomorphism ( ! ,greek view ( ?+s c be /ruck out2 & 9 ! place ( ?is we h humanity z v & real subjectivity affirm$ z ! pr9ciple1 & by virtue ( ?is *ange1 z we h already se51 an?ropomorphism = ! fir/ "t reflects a tru? ( complete & f9al validity4 #b4 ,we h n[ 9 a g5]al way to develop ! range ( subject-matt]1 no less ?an its =m1 f ! e>lie/ phases 9 ! evolution ( ?is pr9ciple1 ^: configuration1 z x ?us *anges1 is condition$ by ! new cont5t ( romantic art4 ,! true pr9ciple ( ! romantic cont5t is absolute inw>dness#bjg1 & ! =m :i* corresponds to x1 ! subjectivity ( m9d1 mean+ by ?is ! compreh5sion ( its self-subsi/5ce & fre$om4 ,?is intr9sically inf9ite pr9ciple & explicitly enunciat$ univ]sal is ! absolute negation ( all p>ticul>ity#bjh2 x is simple unity at home ) itself1 :i* consumes all t is sep>able1 all processes ( ,nature & its succession ( bir?1 pass+ away1 & reappe>ance1 all ! limitations ( spiritual exi/5ce1 & dissolves all p>ticul> gods 9 its pure & inf9ite self-id5tity4 ,9 ?is ,pan!on all gods are de?ron$2 ! flame ( ! subjective ess5ce has de/roy$ !m2 in/ead ( ! pla/ic poly!ism art recognizes n[ "o ,god only1 "o ,_s1 "o absolute self-subsi/5ce1 :i* z ! absolute k & volition ( itself rema9s 9 free union ) x1 & no long] falls to pieces 9 ! p>ticul> *>act]s & functions we h review$ above1 ^: s+le unit ( cohesion 0 ! =ce ( an obscure ,necessity4 ,absolute subjectivity1 h[ev]1 9 its purity w\ld escape f art altoge!r1 & only be pres5t 9 ! appreh5sion ( ,?\ght1 unless x c\ld ent] into ext]nal exi/5ce 9 ord] t x might be a subjectivity :i* 0 actual if also con=mable to its notion1 & fur!r c\ld recollect itself 9 its own prov9ce f out ( ?is reality4 ,&1 :at is m1 ?is mom5t ( reality is p]t95t to ! ,absolute1 because ! ,absolute1 z inf9ite negativity1 conta9s ?is self-relation--z simple unity ( k at home ) itself1 & !re) z imm$iacy--= ! f9al consummation ( its activity4 ,on acc\nt also ( ?is its imm$iate exi/5ce1 :i* is root$ 9 ! ,absolute itself1 ! ,absolute decl>es itself n z ! "o jeal\s ,god1 :o m]ely annuls ! aspect ( ,nature & f9ite human exi/5ce1 )\t reveal+ itself v]ily !re9 "u ! mode ( actual div9e subjectivity2 r ! v ,absolute unfolds itself1 & takes to itself an aspect1 relatively to :i* x is also )9 ! grasp & pres5tation ( art4 ,! det]m9ate exi/5ce ( ,god1 h[ev]1 is n ! natural & s5su\s 9 its simplicity1 b ! s5su\s z br\ght home to t :i* is n s5su\s1 9 o!r words to ! subjectivity ( m9d :i*1 in/ead ( los+ ! c]ta9ty ( its own pres5ce z ! ,absolute1 9 its ext]nal envisagem5t1 = ! fir/ "t1 & by no o!r means ?an ?is its reality1 is made aw>e ( its actual pres5ce z su*4 ,god 9 ,8 ,tru? is consequ5tly no m]e ,ideal begott5 ( ! imag9ation1 b ,he decl>es ,himself 9 ! he>t ( f9ite condition & ! ext]nal mode ( cont+5t exi/5ce1 & is1 moreov]1 made kn[n to ,himself !re9 z div9e subjective life1 :i* ma9ta9s itself !re z ess5tially inf9ite & creat+ ?is inf9ity = itself4 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z ! actual subject#bji is ! manife/ation ( ,god1 ,art = ! fir/ "t secures ! sup]ior "r to apply ! human figure & its mode ( ext]nality g5]ally z a means to express ! ,absolute1 al?\gh ! new function ( art c only consi/ 9 mak+ ! ext]nal =m n a means :]eby ! ideality ( man's inw>d condition is absorb$ 9 ext]ior bodily %ape1 b r conv]sely to make ! consci\sness ( ! ,div9e m9d visible 9 ! subject ( consci\sness4 ,! di/+ui%able phases1 :i* comb9e to make up ! totality ( ?is appreh5sion ( ! _w-condition z1 t is to say1 ! concrete totality ( tru?1 are consequ5tly made manife/ to mank9d f ?is po9t onw>ds "u su* a mode t x is nei!r ! ,natural 9 its simplicity1 su* z sun1 heav5s1 />s1 & s =?1 nor ! ,greek conclave ( ! gods ( beauty1 nor ! h]oes & practical exploits 9 ! field ( ! family cultus & political life--x is nei!r "o nor any ( ^! :i* supplies u ) ei!r cont5t or =m4 ,r x is ! actual & isolat$ individual subject :o receives 9 ! inw>d#baj sub/ance ( 8 liv+ exp]i5ce ?is inf9ite wor?1 = x is 9 him alone t ! et]nal *>act]s ( absolute ,tru?--:i* is made actual only z ,_s--exp& out ( _! fulness )91 & are conc5trat$ to ! po9t ( det]m9ate exi/5ce4 ,if we contra/ ?is def9ition ( romantic art ) t :i* 0 propos$ to ! classical--t is to say1 z ,greek sculpture complet$ ! latt] "u ! mode mo/ con=mable to x--x is obvi\s t ! pla/ic figure ( ! god does n express ! motion & activity ( ,_s1 9 s f> z ! same has retir$ f its actual bodily %ape1 & has p5etrat$ to ! inn] %r9e ( indep5d5t self-id5tity4 ,t :i* is mutable & cont+5t 9 ! empirical aspect ( individuality is no d\bt remov$ f ^? l(ty1 godlike figures3 :at1 h[ev]1 fails !m is ! actualization ( ! subjective condition 9 its self-subsi/5t be+ z %[n 9 self-k & self-volition4 ,?is defect makes itself felt on ! ext]ior side 9 ! notable fact t ! direct expression ( s\l 9 its simplicity1 ! light ( ! eye1 is abs5t f ! sculptur$ figure4 ,! mo/ exalt$ works ( beautiful sculpture are sightless4 ,! inw>d life does n look =? f !m z self-consci\s inw>dness su* z ?is conc5tration ( ,_s to ! po9t ( light made visible 9 ! human eye (f]s u4 ,?is light ( ! s\l falls outside ( !m1 & is ! possession ( ! behold] alone3 he is unable to look ?r\gh ^! figures z s\l direct to s\l1 & eye to eye4 ,! ,god ( romantic art1 h[ev]1 is made kn[n ) sight1 t is1 self-kn[+1 subjective on ! side ( s\l1 & t s\l or div9e intimacy disclos+ itself to s\l4 ,= ! inf9ite negativity1 ! )drawal ( ! spiritual into itself1 cancels its dis*>ge 9 ! bodily frame4 ,?is subjectivity is ! light ( ,_s1 :i* reveals itself 9 its own doma91 9 ! place :i* 0 previ\sly obscure1 :]eas ! natural light c only give light on ! face ( an object1 is 9 fact ?is t]ra9 & object1 ^u :i* x appe>s1 & :i* x is aw>e ( z itself#baa4 ,inasmu* z1 h[ev]1 ?is absolute intimacy ( ! s\l expresses itself at ! same "t z ! mode ( human envisagem5t 9 its actual exi/+ %ape1 & our humanity is b\nd up ) ! entire natural _w1 we %all f9d t !re is no less a wide field ( v>iety 9 ! cont5ts ( ! subjective _w ( m9d ?an !re is 9 t ext]nal appe>ance1 to :i* ,_s is relat$ z to its own dwell+-place4 ,! reality ( absolute subjectivity1 z above describ$1 9 ! mode ( its visible manife/ation1 possesses ! foll[+ modes ( cont5t & appe>ance4 7a7 ,our fir/ po9t ( dep>ture we mu/ d$uce f ! ,absolute itself1 :i* z v & actual m9d end[s itself ) det]m9ate exi/5ce1 is self-kn[+ 9 its ?\ght & activity4 ,"h we f9d ! human =m s repres5t$ t x is kn[n imm$iately z ! :olly self-possess$ ,div9e4 ,man does n appe> z man 9 8 solely human "*1 9 ! con/ra9t ( 8 passions1 f9ite aims1 & a*ievem5ts1 or z m]ely consci\s ( ,god1 b r z ! self-kn[+ "o & only univ]sal ,god ,himself1 9 ^: life & suff]+s1 bir?1 dea?1 & resurrection ,he reveals op5ly also to f9ite consci\sness1 :at ,_s1 :at ! ,et]nal & ,inf9ite 9 _! v]itable tru? are#bab4 ,romantic art pres5ts ?is cont5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/1 8 "m1 & 8 disciples1 ) all ! re/ ( ^? 9 :om ! ,holy ,_s & ! p]fect$ ,div9e is manife/$4 ,= 9 s f> z ,god1 :o is above all ! ess5tial ,univ]sal1 exi/s 9 ! manife/ation ( human exi/5ce1 ?is reality is n1 9 ! ,div9e figure ( ,*ri/1 limit$ to isolate & imm$iate exi/5ce1 b unfolds itself ?r\gh\t ! entire range ( t humanity1 9 :i* ! ,_s ( ,god is made pres5t1 & 9 ?is actuality cont9ues 9 unity ) itself4 ,! diffusion ( ?is self-contemplation1 ?is ess5tial self-possession ( m9d#bac1 is peace1 9 o!r words ! reconcil$ /ate ( ,_s ) its own dom9ion 9 ! mode ( its objective pres5ce--a div9e _w1 a k+dom ( ,god1 9 :i* ! ,div9e1 :i* has = its sub/antive notion f ! fir/ reconciliation ) itself1 consummates ?is result 9 su* a condition1 & !reby secures its fre$om4 7b7 ,h[ev] mu*1 we mu/ fa9 add1 ?is id5tification ass]ts itself z gr\nd$ 9 ! ess5ce ( ! ,absolute itself1 z spiritual fre$om & inf9ity x is no reconciliation :i* imm$iately is visible f ! fir/ 9 ei!r ! real worlds ( ,nature or ,_s2 on ! contr>y1 x is only accompli%$ z ! elevation ( ,_s f ! f9itude ( its imm$iate exi/5ce to its tru?4 ,z a coroll>y ( ?is x foll[s t ,_s1 9 ord] to secure its totality & fre$om1 mu/ effect an act ( self-sev]ation1 & set up on ! "o side itself z ! f9itude ( ,nature & ,_s to its oppos$ self on ! o!r z t :i* is ess5tially inf9ite4 ,conv]sely ) ?is act ( disruption ! necessity is conjo9$ t f out ( ?is retirem5t f its unity--)9 ! b\nds ( :i* ! f9ite & purely natural1 ! imm$iacy ( exi/5ce1 ! natural he>t 9 ! s5se ( ! negative1 evil & bad1 "o & all are def9$--a way is at la/ f\nd by virtue ( ! subjugation ( all t has no sub/antive wor? )9 ! k+dom ( tru? & consolation4 ,9 ?is wise ! reconcilem5t ( ,_s c only be conceiv$ z an activity1 a movem5t ( ! same1 c only be pres5t$ z a process1 9 ^: c\rse arise bo? /ra9 & conflict1 & ! appe>ance & reappe>ance1 z an ess5tial feature ( x1 ( pa91 dea?1 ! m\rnful s5se ( non-reality1 ! agony ( ! s\l & its bodily t5em5t4 ,= j z ,god 9 ! fir/ in/ance disp>ts f9ite reality f ,himself1 s1 too1 f9ite man1 :o />ts on 8 j\rney outside ! div9e k+dom1 receives ! task to exalt himself to ,god1 to let loose f him ! f9ite1 to d away ) ! no?+-wor?1 & by means ( ?is decease ( 8 imm$iate reality to become t :i* ,god 9 ,8 manife/ation z man accompli%$ z v tru? 9 ! actual _w4 ,! inf9ite pa9 ( ?is sacrifice ( ! mo/ p]sonal subjectivity1 suff]+s1 & dea?1 :i* = ! mo/ "p 7 exclud$ f ! repres5tation ( classical art1 or r only are pres5t$ !re z natural suff]+1 receive _! adequate treatm5t necess>ily = ! fir/ "t 9 romantic art4 ,x is1 = example1 impossible to affirm t among ! ,greeks dea? 0 ev] conceiv$ 9 its full & ess5tial significance4 ,nei!r t :i* 0 purely natural1 nor ! imm$iacy ( ,_s 9 its union ) ! bodily pres5ce1 0 held by ! ,greeks z some?+ 9 itself ess5tially negative4 ,dea? 0 consequ5tly to !m purely an ab/ract pass+ ov]1 unaccompani$ by horror or fe>som5ess1 a cessation )\t fur!r immeasurable consequ5ces = ! deceas$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 consci\s life 9 its spiritual self-possession is ( inf9ite wor? !n ! negation1 :i* dea? enfolds1 is a negation ( ?is exaltation & wor?1 & x is consequ5tly fe>ful1 a dea? ( ! s\l1 :i* is 9 ! position ( f9d+ itself !reby z itself n[ ?is negative 9 explicit appe>ance1 exclud$ = ev]more f happ9ess1 absolutely unhappy1 deliv]$ ov] to et]nal damnation#bad4 ,greek individuality1 on ! contr>y1 does n1 reg>d$ z spiritual self-consci\sness1 atta* ?is wor? to itself2 x is able1 consequ5tly1 to surr\nd dea? ) m *e]ful images4 ,man only fe>s ! loss ( t :i* is ( great wor? to him#bae4 ,life possesses1 h[ev]1 only ?is inf9ite wor? = m9d if ! subject !re(1 z spiritual & self-consci\s1 is reality 9 its absolute unity1 & is compell$ ) an appreh5sion1 9 ?is way ju/ifi$1 to image itself z doom$ to negation by dea?4 ,f ano!r po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 dea? also fails to secure f classical art ! positive significance :i* x receives f romantic art4 ,! ,greeks nev] treat$ ) real s]i\sness :at we und]/& by immortality4 ,x 0 only 9 lat] times t ! doctr9e ( immortality receiv$ at ! h&s ( ,socrates a pr(\nd] significance = ! introspective reflection ( human intellig5ce4 ,:51 = example1 ,odysseus#baf praises ! happ9ess ( ,a*illes 9 ! l[] _w z "o excell+ t ( all o!rs :o 7 be=e or came aft] him on ! gr\nd t he1 once rev]$ z a god1 is n[ greate/ *ief among ! dead1 ,a*illes 9 ! well-kn[n words rates ?is =tune at a v l[ rank inde$1 & makes answ] t ,odysseus _h bett] utt] no ^w ( com=t to him on ! score ( dea?2 nay1 he w\ld r be a m]e s]f ( ! soil1 & poor en\gh s]ve a poor man = wage1 ?an rule z "l ov] all ! gho/s ( ! dead :o h vani%$ to ,hades4 ,9 romantic art1 on ! contr>y1 dea? is m]ely a decease ( ! natural s\l & f9ite consci\sness1 a decease1 :i* only proclaims itself z negative z aga9/ t :i* is itself ess5tially negative & aboli%es :at has no real sub/ance1 & is consequ5tly ! deliv]ance ( ,_s f its f9itude & division1 m$iat+ at ! same "t ! spiritual reconciliation ( ! individual subject ) ! ,absolute#bag4 ,among ! ,greeks life 9 its union ) ! exi/5ce ( ,nature & ! ext]nal _w 0 ! only life ab\t :i* y c\ld affirm any?+1 & dea? 0 consequ5tly pure negation1 ! dissolution ( imm$iate reality4 ,9 ! romantic view ( ! _w1 h[ev]1 dea? receives ! significance due to its negativity1 9 o!r words ! negation ( ! negative#bah1 & returns back to u !reby equally z ! affirmative1 z ! resurrection ( ,_s f ! b>e husk ( ,nature & ! f9it5ess :i* x has outgr[n4 ,! pa9 & dea? ( ! ext+ui%$ light ( individual be+ awakes aga9 9 its return ^u itself 9 fruition1 bless$ness1 & 9 %ort t reconcil$ exi/5ce :i* ,_s is unable to atta9 to save ?r\gh ! dy+ ( its negative /ate1 9 :i* x is %ut (f f its mo/ v]itable tru? & life4 ,?is fundam5tal pr9ciple does n !re=e m]ely affect ! fact ( dea? z x approa*es man 9 8 relation to ! _w ( ,nature1 b x is b\nd up ) a process1 :i* ,_s has to su/a9 9 itself1 q indep5d5tly ( ?is ext]nal aspect ( negation1 if life & tru? are to jo9 h&s4 7c7 ,! ?ird pres5tm5t ( ?is absolute _w ( ,_s is co-ord9at$ by man1 9 s f> z he nei!r makes manife/ ! ,absolute & ,div9e 9 its imm$iate & ess5tial mode z su* ,div9e1 nor decl>es positively ! process 9 :i* he is exalt$ to ! ,supreme ,be+1 & reconcil$ ) ,him1 b r cont9ues )9 ! ord9>y sph]e ( 8 human life4 ,"h x is ! purely f9ite aspect ( t exi/5ce :i* con/itutes ! cont5t1 :e!r we reg>d x 9 ! light ( its spiritual purposes1 its worldly int]e/s1 passions1 collisions1 suff]+1 & enjoym5ts1 or f t po9t ( view :i* is :olly ext]nal1 t ( ,nature1 its k+dom1 & all its detail$ ph5om5a4 ,9 ord] to appreh5d ?is cont5t ) adequacy1 h[ev]1 we mu/ take up two di/9ct positions relatively to x4 ,9 o!r words1 x is true t ,_s1 = ! reason t x has secur$ ! pr9ciple ( self-affirmation1 expatiates 9 ?is prov9ce1 z "o on :i* x has a j claim1 & "o :i*1 z native to x1 provides satisfaction1 an elem5t f :i* x m]ely extracts ?is positive "*#bai1 & is p]mitt$ !reby itself to be reflect$ 9 its positive satisfaction & intimacy2 yet1 on ! o!r h&1 we h ! fact t ?is cont5t is br\ght d[n to ! level ( pure cont+5cy1 a cont+5cy :i* is unable to claim any indep5d5t validity1 = ! reason t m9d _c discov] !re9 x v]itable exi/5ce1 & consequ5tly only pres]ves its sub/antial unity by indep5d5tly on its own acc\nt break+ up aga9 ?is f9ite aspect ( ,_s & ,nature z a ?+ ( f9itude & negation4 #c4 ,9 conclusion1 !n1 s f> z ! relation ( ?is cont5t 9 its entirety to its mode ( pres5tation is conc]n$1 x w\ld appe>1 9 ! fir/ place1 agreeably to :at we h above /at$1 t ! cont5t ( romantic art1 relatively to ! ,div9e1 at any rate1 is v limit$4 7a7 ,=1 fir/1 z we h already indicat$1 ,nature is dive/$ ( ! ,div9e pr9ciple2 9 o!r words1 ! sea & m\nta9s1 valleys1 ,"t1 & ,night1 briefly all ! g5]al processes ( ,nature1 h "h lo/ ! wor? :i* !y c>ry :5 relat$ to ! pres5tation & cont5t ( ! ,absolute4 ,! images ( ,nature receive no fur!r expansion 9 a symbolic significance4 ,! !sis t _! %apes & activities might possibly su/a9 traits ( ,div9e import is tak5 away f !m4 ,= all ! mighty que/ions 9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ! _w1 9 reg>d to ! ,:5ce1 ,:]e=e1 & ,:i!r1 ( creat$ ,nature & humanity1 & all ! symbolical & pla/ic exp]im5ts 9 ! resolution & exposition ( ^! problems disappe> at once 9 ! revelation ( ,god 9 ,_s2 & we may add t also 9 ! spiritual sph]e ! _w ( v>iety & col\r1 ) ! *>act]s1 actions1 & ev5ts1 z !y 7 envisag$ by classical art1 are n[ conc5trat$ 9 "o s+le light-focus ( ! ,absolute & its et]nal hi/ory ( r$emption4 ,! :ole cont5t meets1 !re=e1 at ?is s+le po9t ( ! ,inmo/ ( ,_s#bbj--t is1 ( feel+1 imag9ation1 s\l--all t /ra9s aft] a union ) tru?1 t seeks & wre/les to br+ to bir? ! ,div9e 9 consci\sness1 & to ma9ta9 x2 &1 fur!rmore1 is con/ra9$ to execute ! _w's aims & und]tak+s1 n s mu* = ! _w's sake z to fur!r ! unique & ess5tial und]tak+ ( its he>t by means ( ! spiritual conflict ( man's inw>d nature & 8 reconciliation ) ,god1 pres5t+ p]sonality & its cons]vation no less ?an all t paves ! way to !m = ?is object1 & ?is alone4 ,! h]oism1 :i* makes its appe>ance z ! result ( su* aspirations1 is n ! k9d ( h]oism :i* prescribes laws by its own fiat1 e/abli%es new sy/ems1 creates & in=ms circum/ances1 b r a h]oism ( submission1 :i* accepts ev]y?+ z pr$et]m9$ & ord]$ above x1 & ^: en]gies are n[ :olly re/rict$ to ! task ( regulat+ temporal ev5ts 9 l9e ) su* direction1 & mak+ t :i* is 9 keep+ ) ! high] ord] & ( indep5d5t /ability a valid factor 9 ! _w z if is & 9 ! ,"t-process4 ,= ! reason1 h[ev]1 t ?is absolute cont5t appe>s z conc5trat$ to a focus 9 ! inw>d life ( ! s\l1 & ! entire process is import$ into ! life ( mank9d1 ! range ( ?is cont5t is !reby also inf9itely ext5d$4 ,x exp&s1 9 fact1 to a manifold v>iety practically )\t limit4 ,= al?\gh e objective hi/ory supplies :at is sub/antive 9 t self-concrete s\l-life1 yet = all t ! subject ( ! same reviews x 9 all its aspects1 pres5ts isolat$ features tak5 f x1 or unfolds x z x appe>s 9 cont9ually novel human traits by way ( addition1 & may v well into ! b>ga9 bo? import ! entire expanse ( ,nature1 z environm5t & locale ( ,_s1 & div]t !m to ! "o s+le object ref]r$ to4 ,by ?is means ! hi/ory ( s\l-life is inf9itely ri*1 & c adapt its =m to ev] %ift+ conditions & situations 9 e possible way4 ,&1 fur!r1 if ! individual at la/ /eps =? f ?is absolute sph]e & actively engages 9 worldly affairs1 ! range ( int]e/s1 objects1 & emotions w be difficult to c\nt on ! score 9 proportion z ! spiritual self-possession is pr(\nd1 agreeably to ! pr9ciple 9 its fulle/ application2 man is consequ5tly di/ract$ by an inf9itely multipli$ pr(usion ( int]ior & ext]ior collisions1 revolutions1 & gradations ( passion1 & ! mo/ manifold degrees ( satisfaction4 ,! ,absolute 9 its unqualifi$ & ess5tial univ]sality1 9 s f>1 t is1 z x is unfold$ 9 ! consci\s life ( ! human s\l1 con/itutes ! spiritual cont5t ( romantic art2 & = ?is reason 8 collective humanity1 no less ?an its entire evolution1 becomes its inexhau/ible mat]ial4 7b7 ,romantic art does n1 h[ev]1 z art educe ?is cont5t 9 ! way we f\nd 0 ! case = ! mo/ "p 9 symbolic art1 &1 above all1 9 ! classical type & its ideal gods4 ,romantic art1 z we h se5 already1 is n1 9 its specific capacity1 ! in/ructive revelation1 :i*1 m]ely 9 ! =m ( art1 makes ! cont5t ( tru? visible to ! s5ses4 ,! cont5t is already pres5t 9 ! conceptive m9d1 & ! emotions indep5d5tly & outside ! sph]e ( art4 ,religion1 z ! consci\sness ( tru? 9 its univ]sality1 is "h an ess5tial premiss ( art to a degree totally diff]5t f :at x 0 9 ! previ\s cases2 &1 ev5 if we look at ! position 9 its :olly ext]ior aspect = ! consci\sness t is actual 9 ! reality ( ! mat]ial _w1 x lies be=e u z ! prosaic fact ( ! v pres5t4 ,t is to say1 inasmu* z ! cont5t ( revelation to m9d is ! et]nal absolute nature ( m9d#bba itself1 :i* breaks itself loose f ,nature 9 its b>5ess & subord9ates ! same1 its manife/ation 9 ! imm$iacy ( pres5t life is su* t ! ext]nal mat]ial1 9 s f> z x consi/s & is exi/5t1 only cont9ues z a cont+5t _w1 out ( :i* ! ,absolute recollects itself 9 ! secret weal? ( ,_s1 & only by su* means atta9s indep5d5ce & tru?4 ,! ext]nal %[ receives ?us ! imprimatur ( an indiff]5t m$ium1 9 :i* ,_s c repose no ultimate tru/1 & 9 :i* x c f9d no dwell+-place4 ,! m x conceives ! con=mation ( ext]nal reality z unwor?y ( its fulness ! less x becomes able to seek consolation !re91 or to discov] its task ( self-reconcilem5t consummat$ by a union !re)4 7c7 ,! mann] 9 :i*1 !re=e1 romantic art gives to itself a real embodim5t agreeably to ! _s ( ! pr9ciple above indicat$1 & on ! side ( its ext]nal appe>ance1 is n "o :i* ess5tially ov]leaps ! ord9>y pres5tm5t ( reality3 x is by no means av]se to accept z cov] = itself real exi/5ce 9 its f9ite defects & def9ition4 ,t beauty !re=e disappe>s f x1 :i* t5d$ to raise ! outside envisagem5t above ! soilure ( ,"t1 & ! traces t unite x ) a ,pa/1 9 ord] to decl>e ! beauty ( exi/5ce 9 its blossom 9 ! room ( :at _h o!rwise be5 a dismantl$ image4 ,romantic art has no long] = its aim ! fre$om & life ( exi/5ce 9 its inf9ite tranquillity & absorption ( ! s\l 9 ! bodily pres5ce2 no m a life su* z ?is arre/s x4 ,x turns its back on ?is p9nacle ( beauty4 ,x int]weaves ! ?reads ( its s\l exp]i5ce ) ! cont+5t mat]ial ( ,nature's work%op1 & gives unfett]$ play to ! emphatic features ( ugl9ess itself4 ,we h1 9 %ort1 two worlds includ$ 9 ! ,romantic1 a spiritual realm ess5tially complete 9 itself1 ! s\l-k+dom1 :i* f9ds reconciliation 9 its own sph]e1 & !re) ! o!rwise /raight=w>d repetition ( bir?1 dea?1 & resurrection n[ = ! fir/ "t p]fect$ 9 ! true circul> orbit1 d\bl$ back 9 ! return ^u itself1 ! g5u9e ,pho5ix life ( ,_s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is ! realm ( ext]nal ,nature simply z su*1 :i*1 releas$ z x is f its secure association & union ) ,_s1 becomes n[ a completely empirical reality1 conc]n+ ! =m ( :i* ! s\l c>es little or no?+4 ,9 classical art ,_s controll$ ! empirical ph5om5on & transpi]c$ x ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 because x 0 ! v ?+ :i* x _h to accept z its complet$ reality4 ,b n[ ! ideal k+dom is indiff]5t to ! mode ( configuration 9 ! _w ( imm$iate s5se1 because ?is imm$iacy is b5ea? ! sph]e ( ! bless$ness ( ess5tial s\l-life4 ,! ext]nal ph5om5on is no long] able to express ?is inw>d life2 & if any call is made ^u x = ?is purpose1 x m]ely is utiliz$ to make pla9 t ! ext]nal %[ is an exi/5ce :i* does n satisfy1 & is =c$ to po9t back by sugge/ion to ! spiritual cont5t1 ! s\l & its emotions1 z ! truly ess5tial m$ium4 ,precisely = ! same reason romantic art suff]s ext]nality on its own "p to g on its way freely2 & 9 ?is respect p]mits all & e mat]ial1 fl[]s1 trees1 & s on1 d[n to ! mo/ ord9>y dome/ic ut5sils1 to appe> 9 its productions j z !y are1 & z ! *ance ( natural circum/ance may arrange !m4 ,su* a cont5t z ?is1 h[ev]1 c>ries at ! same "t ) x ! result1 t z purely ext]ior matt]1 its wor? is ( no validity & insignificant2 x only receives its g5u9e wor? :5 ! s\l has made itself a home 9 x1 & x is tak5 to express n m]ely ! ideal1 b spiritual inw>dness#bbb itself1 :i*1 in/ead ( bl5d+ itself ) ! ext]ior ?+1 appe>s simply to h atta9$ its own reconciliation ) itself4 ,! ideality ?us br\ght home to a po9t is t mode ( expression :i* is )\t ext]nality1 invisibly decl>+ itself1 & only itself1 9 o!r words1 a tone ( music simply1 :i* is nei!r an object nor possesses =m1 a wavelet ov] wat]s#bbc1 a r++ s\nd ov] a _w1 :i*1 9 s\nds su* z ?is1 & ! v>i$ ph5om5a :i* are unit$ ) x1 c only receive & reflect "o rev]b]ation ( ?is self-absorption ( ! s\l4 ,to sum up1 !n1 9 a ^w1 ?is relation ( cont5t & =m 9 ! romantic type1 :]e x rema9s true to its di/9ctive "*1 we may affirm t ! fundam5tal note ( ! same1 = ?is v reason t its pr9ciple con/itutes an ev] exp&+ univ]sality & ! re/lessly active dep?s ( he>t & m9d1 is t ( music1 & :5 comb9$ ) ! def9ite cont5t ( imag9ation1 lyrical4 ,?is lyrical aspect is likewise ! prim>y *>act]i/ic ( romantic art1 a tone :i* gives ! key-note also to ! epic poem & drama1 & :i* is waft$ z a brea? ( s\l ev5 ar\nd ! works ( ! pla/ic arts1 s9ce "h1 too1 _s & s\l are desir\s ( speak+ by means ( ! pla/ic %ape to s\l & m9d4 ,z reg>ds ! division ( our subject1 :i* we mu/ n[ 9 conclusion det]m9e = ! exam9ation ( ?is our ?ird ext5sive doma9 ( arti/ic production on ! l9es ( its developm5t1 we %all f9d t ! basic notion ( ! romantic relatively to its sub/antive & progressive articulation is compris$ mo/ conv5i5tly 9 ?ree bran*es ( division we may def9e z foll[s4 ,! fir/ sph]e is ! prov9ce ( religion /rictly1 9 :i* ! r$emption hi/ory1 ! life1 dea?1 & resurrection ( ,*ri/ con/itute ! c5tral int]e/4 ,! pr9ciple :i* is emphasiz$ z all-important "h is t self-involution :i* m9d accompli%es by negat+ its imm$iacy & f9itude1 ov]com+ ! same1 & by means ( ?is lib]ation secures its own self-possess$ inf9ity & absolute self-subsi/5ce 9 its own k+dom4 ,?is self-subsi/5ce passes1 !n1 9 ! second place f ! ,div9e dwell+ ( ess5tial ,_s1 surr5d]s its pure exaltation ( f9ite man to ,god1 9 ord] to ent] ! temporal _w4 ,"h x is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! subject ( consci\sness simply1 :i* has become self-affirmative1 & :i* possesses z ! sub/antive mat]ial ( its cont5t1 no less ?an z ! int]e/ ( its exi/5ce1 ! virtues ( ?is positive subjectivity1 su* z hon\r1 love1 fidelity1 & brav]y1 ! aims & obligations1 9 %ort1 ( romantic *ivalry4 ,! cont5t & =m ( ! ?ird *apt] may be g5]ally indicat$ z ! =mal consi/5cy ( "*4 ,9 o!r words1 if ! subjective life has be5 s f> conc5trat$1 t spiritual indep5d5ce is its ess5tial *>act]i/ic1 x foll[s also t ! p>ticul> cont5t1 ) :i* su* indep5d5ce is associat$ z ) :at is /rictly its own1 w also p>take ( su* a "*2 ?is self-subsi/5ce1 h[ev]1 inasmu* z x does n1 z 0 ! case 9 ! sph]e app]t95t to ess5tial & explicit religi\s tru?1 repose 9 ! sub/antive core ( its life1 is only able to rea* a =mal type4 ,conv]sely ! configuration ( ext]nal conditions1 situations1 & ev5ts is n[ also indep5d5tly free1 & is involv$ consequ5tly 9 e sort ( caprici\s adv5ture4 ,= ?is reason we f9d1 to put x 9 g5]al t]ms1 z ! t]m9ation ( ! romantic1 ! cont+5cy ( ! ext]ior condition & int]nal life1 & a fall+ asund] ( ! two aspects1 by reason ( :i* ,art commits an act ( suicide1 & betrays ! fact t consci\s life mu/ n[ secure =ms ( l(ti] significance1 ?an ,art alone is able to (f]1 9 :i* to grasp & reta9 tru?4 ,footnote #bjf3 ,?r\gh\t1 ( c\rse1 ! ,g]man ^w translat$ 9 ^! p>agraphs z m9d or _s is ,gei/4 ,footnote #bjg3 ,absolute ideality may p]haps int]pret ! text m intelligibly4 ,footnote #bjh3 ,x is s because z self-id5tity x di/+ui%es itself f ev]y?+ to :i* x is relat$4 ,footnote #bji3 ,das wirkli*e ,subjekt1 ,hegel means1 ( c\rse1 individual man4 ,footnote #baj3 ,mo/ intimate w\ld p]haps express ! mean+ m cle>ly4 ,footnote #baa3 ,hegel "h gives expression to :at is p]haps n :olly def5sible logic1 ?\gh x may be truly poetic my/icism4 ,footnote #bab3 ,i w\ld ref] any read] :o is incl9$ to gasp at ?is int]pretation ( ,*ri/ian revelation to "s useful rem>ks ( ,pr(essor ,bosanquet 9 8 ,preface to 8 translation1 p4 ,,xxviii4 ,footnote #bac3 ,die ,ausbreitung dieses ,selb/ans*au5s1 ,9-si*-und-,bei-si*-seyns des ,gei/es i/ d] ,fri$54 ,"o ( ,hegel's t]rors = ! translator1 ?\gh ! s5se is obvi\s en\gh4 ,footnote #bad3 ,! analysis no d\bt has its int]e/4 ,b among o!r difficulties x is n easy to see h[ ! argum5t1 bas$ z x is on rational gr\nds1 makes = any?+ b annihilation4 ,dea? is a negation--x1 accord+ to ! argum5t1 puts an end to ! process--:at rema9s !n is app>5tly ! evanesc5ce ( ! f9ite _s4 ,?is ref]5ce to happ9ess assumes t consci\s individual life cont9ues1 :i* is a m]e pelitio pr9cipii4 ,if x cont9ues ! =m] dual aspect w\ld seem to be impli$ 9 x4 ,! analysis ( ! actual significance ( dea? = ,*ri/5dom & ,greek paganism reta9s1 ( c\rse1 its validity4 ,footnote #bae3 ,b surely 9 a s5se p]sonal life1 if only limit$ to ,e>?'s exi/5ce1 may be1 ,i d n say necess>ily is1 all ! m valuable4 ,?is is an important aspect ( ! matt] :i* is n "h adequately answ]$1 & x sugge/s a real grievance aga9/ ! extravagant follies ( a c]ta9 type ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! pres5t feel+ ( ! wise/ m9ds ( our own "t w be incl9$ to reg>d a good deal ( ,hegel's rem>ks "h z insuffici5t or lack+ directness4 ,"o recalls ^? significant l9es ( a great writ] b rec5tly tak5 f u3 _/ ,s5sation is a graci\s gift ,b 7 x cramp$ 9 /ation1 ,! pray] to h x ca/ adrift ,w\ld sp\t f all s5sation4 _/ ,hegel's po9t ( view seems nei!r to be t ( my/icism nor m]e absorption4 ,footnote #baf3 ,odyssey1 ,,xi1 vv4 #dha-ia4 ,b ?is illu/ration is at lea/ evid5ce ( ! high value a ,greek atta*$ to life on ,e>?4 ,footnote #bag3 ,true en\gh z an analysis ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness2 b ! difficulty above po9t$ out rema9s s f> z ! writ] ref]s to a future life1 :i* he sometimes appe>s to d1 sometimes n4 ,conditions are assum$ = human p]sonality ( :i* we c =m no conception4 ,footnote #bah3 ,he means x is ! negation ( t :i* is itself a negation1 f9ite exi/5ce4 ,! conclusion is ( c\rse1 z above sugge/$1 replete ) difficulty4 ,footnote #bai3 ,t is1 ,i presume1 ! positive "* ( natural conditions2 b x may mean its own affirmative relation4 ,footnote #bbj3 ,auf die ,inn]li*keit des ,gei/es4 ,footnote #bba3 ,reason or ,_s are p]haps pref]able4 ,footnote #bbb3 ,! ,g]man words are das ,inn]li*e & die ,innigkeit4 ,footnote #bbc3 ,?is is obvi\sly n :olly indep5d5t ( =m4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,religi\s ,,doma9 ,,( ,,romantic ,,art ,inasmu* z romantic art1 9 ! repres5tation ( ! consci\sness ( absolute subjectivity1 und]/&+ ?is z ! compreh5sion ( all tru?1 ! coalesc5ce ( m9d ) its ess5ce--receives its sub/antive cont5t 9 ! satisfaction ( s\l-life1 9 o!r words ! reconciliation ( ,god ) ! _w & !re9 ) ,himself1 x foll[s t at ?is /age ! ,ideal = ! fir/ "t is completely at home4 ,= x 0 bless$ness & self-subsi/5cy1 cont5tm5t1 repose1 & fre$om :i* we decl>$ z mo/ fundam5tally def9+ ! ,ideal4 ,( c\rse1 we _c !re=e on ?is acc\nt d$uce ! ,ideal simply f ! notion & reality ( romantic art2 b relatively to ! classic ,ideal ! =m x receives is entirely alt]$4 ,?is relation1 already 9 g5]al t]ms indicat$1 we mu/ n[ be=e ev]y?+ else e/abli% 9 its fully concrete significance1 9 ord] to elucidate ! fundam5tal type ( ! romantic mode ( pres5tation4 ,9 ! classical ,ideal ! ,div9e is 9 "o aspect ( x re/rict$ to pure individuality2 9 ano!r aspect ! s\l & spiritual bless$ness ( p>ticul> gods f9d _! exclusive dis*>ge ?r\gh ! physical m$ium2 & z a ?ird *>act]i/ic1 = ! reason t ! insep>able unity ( ea* individual bo? ess5tially & 9 its ext]ior =m supplies ! pr9ciple ( ! same1 ! negativity ( ! dismemb]m5t impli$ 9 human life1 t is ! pa9 ( bo? body & s\l1 sacrifice1 & resignation are unable to appe> z ess5tially p]t95t to ^! godlike figures4 ,! ,div9e ( classical art falls1 x is true1 into an aggregation ( gods1 b !re is no organic & ess5tial self-division1 no univ]sally proclaim$ ess5ce su* z we f9d 9 ! p>ticul> pres5tm5t ( man :e!r 9 =m & _s1 :e!r empirically or subjectively consid]$2 & j z little has x confront+ x1 z be+ itself ! ,absolute 9 invisible =m1 a _w ( evil1 s91 & ignorance1 toge!r ) ! task ( resolv+ su* contradictions 9 h>mony1 & only by ?us gr[+ on level t]ms ) ! v tru? & div9e out ( ?is reconciliation4 ,9 ! notion ( ! absolute subjectivity1 on ! contr>y1 ?is opposition betwe5 sub/antive univ]sality & p]sonality is inh]5t1 an opposition1 ^: consummat$ m$iation ! subjective ideality p]fects ) its sub/ance1 exalt+ !reby ! sub/antive pres5ce to ! articulate & absolute subject ( self-k & volition4 ,b !re is1 secondly1 app]t95t to ! reality ( ! subjective condition conceiv$ z m9d ! pr(\nd] contradiction ( a f9ite _w1 ?r\gh ^: abrogation z f9ite1 & by ^: resultant reconciliation ) ! ,absolute ! ,inf9ite by virtue ( its own absolute activity makes its prop] be+ self-subsi/5t1 & s = ! fir/ "t exi/s z absolute ,_s4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is actuality on ! t]ra91 & 9 ! configuration ( ! human _s receives consequ5tly1 9 respect to its beauty1 a totally diff]5t mode ( relation to t pres5t$ by classical art4 ,greek beauty unfolds ! inw>d aspect ( spiritual individuality solely z x is envisag$ by means ( its bodily %ape1 actions1 & ev5ts1 :olly express$ 9 :at is ext]ior1 & liv+ :olly !re94 ,= romantic art1 on ! contr>y1 x is absolutely necess>y t ! s\l1 albeit envisag$ 9 ! ext]ior m$ium1 %\ld at ! same "t demon/rate its capacity ( self-)drawal f ! t5em5t ( ! body & self-sub/antive life4 ,! bodily frame c !re=e n[ only express ! inw>dness ( m9d1 9 s f> z x makes x pla9 t x is n 9 ?is mat]ial exi/5ce1 b 9 itself1 t ! s\l discov]s its congru5t reality4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is beauty is n[ no long] an idealization 9 respect to ! objective =m1 b r ! ideal & ess5tial configuration ( ! s\l itself2 x is 9 %ort a beauty ( spiritual ideality1 t is ! specific mode ( su*1 z e cont5t is in=m$ & elaborat$ )9 ! temple ( ! subjective _w1 & )\t reta9+ ! ext]nal m$ium 9 ?is its p]meation ) ,_s4 ,= ! reason1 !n1 t by ?is means ! int]e/ disappe>s1 :i* consi/s 9 cl>ify+ real exi/5ce to ! po9t ( our classical unity1 & is conc5trat$ 9 ! contr>y direction ( waft+ a new brea? ( beauty ?r\gh ! unse5 cont5t ( ! spiritual itself1 art ceases to reta9 ! old solicitude = :at is ext]ior at all4 ,x accepts ! same directly z x may *ance to f9d x1 leav+ x to take :atev] =m may happ5 to please x4 ,! reconciliation ) ! ,absolute is 9 ! ,romantic an act ( ! inw>d life1 :i* no d\bt is embodi$ ext]nally1 b :i* does n reta9 t ext]ior 9 its mat]ial realization z its ess5tial cont5t & object4 ,we may obs]ve t 9 close association ) ?is indiff]5ce t[>ds ! idealiz+ union ( s\l & body1 & 9 its relation to ! ext]nal treatm5t ( ! m pr$om9ant individuality ( a sitt]1 we f9d ! art ( portraiture1 :i* does n entirely erase p>ticul> traits & l9es1 z !y are f\nd 9 ,nature1 & h] inevitable defici5cies--defects insep>able f f9ite effects--9 ord] to replace !m ) some?+ m adequate4 ,g5]ally speak+ ev5 "h !re is a c]ta9 limit to ! lic5ce giv5 to ,nature 9 ?is respect2 b to ! g5]al aspect ( =m 9 ! fir/ in/ance x is q indiff]5t2 & no attempt is made to exclude :olly f x ! accid5tal impurities ( f9ite & s5su\s exi/5ce4 ,we may adjo9 a fur!r q suffici5t reason = ! imp]ative "* ( ?is radical def9ition ( romantic art f ano!r po9t ( view4 ,! classic ,ideal1 :]e we f9d x at ! culm9at+ po9t ( its v tru?1 is self-exclusive1 self-subsi/5t1 retir+ & n susceptible#bbd 9 its nature1 an orb$ individual totality1 :i* repels all else f itself4 ,its con=mation is uniquely its own2 its life is b\nd up 9 t & t exclusively1 & x w h>b\r no aff9ity ) :at is purely empirical & cont+5t4 ,:oev]1 !re=e1 approa*es an ideal su* z ?is z spectator1 is unable to appropriate its exi/5ce z an embodim5t /rictly ak9 to t ( 8 own pres5ce4 ,! figures ( ! et]nal gods1 albeit human1 d n belong to our mortality1 = ^! gods h n !mselves exp]i5c$ ! infirmities ( f9ite exi/5ce1 b are directly exalt$ above !m4 ,_! aff9ity ) :at is empirical & relative is int]rupt$4 ,! inf9ite subjectivity1 :at we call ! ,absolute ( romantic art1 is on ! contr>y n absorb$ 9 its pres5tm5t2 x is r c>ri$ into its own doma91 & = ?is v reason reta9s su* ext]nal aspect z x possesses n s mu* = itself z = ! contemplation ( o!rs1 z1 9 %ort1 an ext]ior pres5ce :i* is freely (f]$ = ?is purpose4 ,?is ext]nality mu/ fur!r appe> 9 ! =m ( common fact1 ! human z our s5ses p]ceive x1 s9ce x is ?r\gh t t ,god ,himself desc5ds to ! level ( f9ite & temporal exi/5ce1 9 ord] to m$iate & reconcile ! absolute anti!sis1 :i* is inh]5t 9 ! notion ( ! ,absolute4 ,= ?is reason our empirical humanity also conta9s 9 its bodily pres5ce an aspect1 :i* unfolds to man a bond ( aff9ity & k9%ip1 by virtue :]e( he is able to contemplate ev5 8 direct natural pres5ce ) assurance2 & he c d s because ! ,div9e inc>nation does n1 ) ! sev]ity ( ! classical type1 ?ru/ on "o side ! p>ticul> & cont+5t1 b pres5ts to 8 vision t :i* he himself possesses1 or t :i* he recognizes & loves 9 o!rs ar\nd him4 ,x is j ?is homel9ess incid5tal to :at we ord9>ily meet ) :i* attracts & enables romantic art to entru/ itself to ! ext]nal aspect ( reality4 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z ! ext]nality :i* is turn$ adrift is call$ ^u1 ?r\gh ?is v ab&onm5t1 to sugge/ ! beauty ( s\l1 ! l(ty pret5sion ( its spirituality & ! sacr$ col\r ( ! emotional life1 s1 too1 at ! same "t1 x is a condition ( its do+ s t x be absorb$ itself )9 ! ideal realm ( m9d & its absolute cont5t1 & t x appropriate ! same4 ,to sum up f9ally :at is impli$ 9 ?is act ( surr5d] we may ass]t t x consi/s 9 ! g5]al conception1 t 9 romantic art ! inf9ite subjectivity does n abide 9 solit>y self-suffici5cy1 z ! ,greek god did1 liv+ 9 ! full p]fection & bless$ness ( 8 self-exclusion2 r x moves out ( itself 9 relation to some:at else1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is its own sub/ance1 9 :i* x discov]s itself aga9 & cont9ues all ! "t 9 union ) itself4 ,?is condition ( self-unity 9 "s o!r t is yet its own is ! real =m ( beauty appropriate to romantic art1 ! ,ideal ( ! same1 :i* receives = its mode & envisagem5t :at is1 9 its ess5ce1 subjective ideality or inw>dness1 s\l-life & its att5dant emotions4 ,! romantic ,ideal expresses1 !re=e1 ! relation to ano!r spiritual correlative1 :i* is s closely associat$ ) ! ideal possessions ( ! fir/ "o1 t x is only by virtue ( ?is fur!r "o t ! s\l lives 9 ! complete weal? ( its own k+dom4 ,?is ess5tial life ( ! s\l 9 ano!r is1 :5 express$ 9 t]ms ( emotion1 ! inw>dness ( love4 ,we may consequ5tly affirm lave to be ! g5]al cont5t ( ! romantic1 s f> z ! sph]e ( religion is conc]n$4 ,love1 h[ev]1 only receives its truly ideal configuration :5 x expresses ! positive reconcilem5t ( ,_s 9 its imm$iacy4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 we %all be 9 a position to exam9e ?is /age ( ! faire/ & mo/ ideal spiritual satisfaction1 we mu/ fir/ pass 9 review ! process ( negation1 :i* ! absolute ,subject ent]s 9 ov]com+ ! f9it5ess & imm$iacy ( its human envisagem5t1 a process :i* is divulg$ 9 ! life1 dea?1 & suff]+ ( ,god = ! _w & humanity1 & its possible reconcilem5t ) ,god4 ,&1 secondly1 we h on ! o!r side1 humanity1 :i* is call$ ^u conv]sely on its own acc\nt to pass ?r\gh ! v same process 9 ord] to make actual ! reconciliation :i* is implicitly conta9$ 9 its nature4 ,midway )9 ! /eps ( ?is process1 9 :i* ! negative aspect ( ! s5su\s & spiritual passage #jaa to dea? & ! grave con/itutes ! c5tral act ( a*ievem5t1 we %all f9d t ! expression ( affirmative bless$ness is conspicu\s1 :i* 9 ?is sph]e *>act]izes art's mo/ beautiful creations4 ,= ! bett] division ( ?is fir/ *apt] we may exam9e its subject-matt] z x falls into ?ree di/9ct heads ( inquiry4 ,fir/1 we h ! r$emption-hi/ory ( ,*ri/2 ! phasal mom5ts ( absolute ,_s pres5t$ 9 ! p]son ( ,god ,himself1 9 s f> z ,he becomes man1 & takes to ,himself an actual exi/5ce 9 ! _w ( f9itude & its concrete conditions1 & 9 ?is to />t ) isolat$ exi/5ce gives visible %ape to ! ,absolute itself4 ,secondly1 we %all consid] love 9 its positive pres5tm5t z ! feel+ ( reconciliation betwe5 ! human & ! ,div9e2 9 o!r words ! ,holy ,family1 ! mat]nal love ( ,m>y1 ! love ( ,*ri/ & t ( 8 disciples4 ,?irdly1 we h ! community be=e u4 ,"h x is ! ,_s ( ,god z pres5t by virtue ( ! conv]sion ( s\l & ! mortification ( ! natural & f9ite s5se1 9 %ort1 ! return ( man to ,god1 a return 9 :i* p5ances & pa9s m$iate 9 ! fir/ in/ance ?is union ( ,god & man4 #a4 ,,! ,,r$emption-,,hi/ory ,,( ,,*ri/ ,! reconciliation ( ,god ) ,8 own sub/ance1 hi/ory 9 its absolute significance1 or1 9 "o ^w1 ! process ( realization1 is made visible to our s5ses & assur$ to our m9ds by ! revelation ( ,god 9 ! _w4 ,! cont5t ( ?is reconcilem5t z express$ 9 ! mo/ direct way is ! coalesc5ce 9 unity ( ! absolute ess5ce ( reality ) ! individual subject ( human consci\sness4 ,an individual man is ,god & ,god is an individual man4 ,9 ?is tru? is impli$ ! fact t ! human _s intr9sically1 t is1 relatively to its notion & ess5ce1 is ,_s 9 tru?2 & e p>ticul> individual 9 virtue ( ! humanity he connotes possesses ! inf9ite vocation no less ?an ! inf9ite significance ( be+ an object ( ,god & 9 union ) ,god4 ,b along ) ?is & ( a l importance ! obligation is impos$ on man to realize ?is notion1 :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 he m]ely possesses "u ! implication ( 8 nature4 ,9 o!r words1 he has to place be=e himself & atta9 to ?is union ) ,god z ! seal ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,only :5 he has ?us consummat$ 8 prop] de/9y does he become ess5tially free & inf9ite ,_s4 ,?is he c only d 9 s f> z t unity is itself ! orig9ation1 ! et]nal gr\nd-root ( ! human & ,div9e nature4 ,! goal is "h ! explicit beg9n+ ( ! process1 namely1 ! presupposition = ! religi\s consci\sness exhibit$ 9 romantic art1 t ,god is ,himself man & fle%1 t ,he has become ?is p>ticul> human individual1 9 :om ! reconciliation consequ5tly no long] rema9s z only implicit1 s t x is m]ely to be inf]r$ f its notional exi/5ce1 b ass]ts itself 9 objective exi/5ce also be=e ! p]ception ( human s5se z ?is p>ticul> & actually exi/+ man4 ,! importance ( ?is aspect ( p>ticul>ity consi/s 9 ?is t x enables all o!r individuals to f9d 9 ! same ! picture ( 8 own reconcilem5t ) ,god2 x is n[ no long] a m]e possibility1 b a fact :i* has on ?is v acc\nt appe>$ z really accompli%$ 9 ?is "o p]son4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z ?is unity1 conceiv$ z ! ideal reconciliation ( oppos$ factors ( "o process1 is no imm$iately unifi$ mode ( be+1 x is inevitable1 9 ! second place1 t ! process ( ,_s z exemplifi$ 9 ?is "o individual--! process1 t is1 by means ( :i* consci\sness is = ! fir/ "t ,_s 9 ,tru?--%\ld receive ! =m ( its exi/5ce 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is v p]son4 ,?is hi/ory ( ,_s atta9+ its consummation 9 "o p]sonal life consi/s simply 9 all t we h already adv]t$ to2 t is to say1 ! p>ticul> man ca/s on "o side 8 s+ul>ity bo? 9 its bodily & spiritual pres5ce1 9 o!r words he suff]s & dies1 b fur!rmore ?r\gh ! agony ( dea? rises aga9 out ( dea? & asc5ds z glorifi$ ,god1 v & real ,_s1 :o n[1 x is true1 has ent]$ actual exi/5ce z ?is p>ticul> p]son1 yet is ) equal tru? only v ,god z ,_s 9 ,8 community4 7a7 ,?is hi/ory furni%es ! fundam5tal mat]ial = ! romantic art ( ! religi\s consci\sness1 9 its attitude to :i*1 h[ev]1 art1 tak5 simply z ,art1 is to "s ext5t a sup]fluity4 ,= ! ma9 ?+ "h is spiritual conviction1 ! feel+ & conception ( ?is et]nal tru?1 & ! fai? :i* is ess5tial evid5ce to itself ( ! tru?1 & becomes 9 consequ5ce a vital possession ( ! ideality ( t conception4 ,9 o!r words1 fai? 9 its develop$ condition consi/s 9 ! imm$iate conviction t x has confront+ s\l1 9 ! organic movem5t ( ?is hi/ory1 ! tru? itself4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! consci\sness ( tru? is ! ma9 po9t ( importance x foll[s t ! beauty ( ! arti/ic reflection & pres5tation is ( incid5tal value to :i* we may be comp>atively indiff]5t1 = ! tru? is pres5t to m9d q indep5d5tly ( art4 7b7 ,f ano!r po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 ! religi\s cont5t comprises at ! same "t )9 its compass a c]ta9 aspect ( ?is process1 by virtue ( :i* x n m]ely admits ( arti/ic treatm5t1 b1 9 a specific relation1 admits ( x z necess>y4 ,9 ! religi\s conception ( romantic art1 z we h m ?an once expla9$ x1 x is an insep>able concomitant ( ! cont5t t x c>ries an?ropomorphism to ! v]ge ( an extreme2 & ?is is s because x is precisely ?is cont5t :i* possesses = its ma9 c5trum ! complete coalesc5ce ( ! ,absolute & ,div9e ) ! human consci\sness z a visible "p ( s5su\s reality1 9 o!r words1 z envisag$ 9 ! ext]nal bodily frame ( man1 & fur!r1 is compell$ to repres5t ! ,div9e 9 ! =m ( individuality su* z is associat$ ) ! defici5cies ( ,nature & ! mode ( f9ite ph5om5a4 ,9 ?is respect ,art supplies to ! consci\sness :i* seeks to envisage ! ,div9e manife/ation1 ! def9ite pres5ce ( an individual & real human figure1 a concrete image1 moreov]1 ( ! ext]ior traits ( ev5ts1 9 :i* ! bir?1 life1 suff]+s1 dea?1 resurrection & asc5sion ( ,*ri/ are m widely circulat$ to ! glory ( ,god2 s t x is exclusively by ,art t ! real & visible pres5ce ( ! ,div9e is = ev] r5ew$ ov] aga9 9 a p]man5t =m4 7c7 ,9 s f> z1 9 ?is ,div9e manife/ation1 an emphasis is laid on ?is1 namely1 t ,god is ess5tially a p>ticul> individual to ! exclusion ( o!rs1 & does n m]ely pres5t to u ! union ( ,div9e & human consci\sness 9 its univ]sal significance1 b r z t ( ?is p>ticul> man1 to t ext5t1 ! v nature ( ! cont5t makes x inevitable t all ! features ( cont+5cy & p>ticul>ity incid5tal to f9ite exi/5ce ass]t !mselves1 f :i* ! beauty :i* *>act]iz$ ! consummation ( ! classic ,ideal _h purifi$ itself4 ,t :i* ! free notion ( beauty _h remov$ f itself z unfitt+1 9 o!r words1 ! non-ideal1 is 9 ! pres5t case accept$ z a necess>y aspect1 :i* actually orig9ates 9 ! movem5t ( ! cont5t itself & is consequ5tly made explicit4 77 ,& x foll[s f ?is t :5 ! p]son ( ,*ri/ is select$ = ! object ( art1 z s frequ5tly occurs1 arti/s1 no matt] :5 or :]e1 h tak5 ! v wor/ c\rse ( all :o create 9 _! pres5tm5t ( ,*ri/ an ,ideal 9 ! mean+ & mode ( ! classical ,ideal4 ,su* heads or figures ( ,*ri/ may no d\bt display e>ne/ness1 repose1 & e?ical wor?3 b ! true ,*ri/ pres5tm5t %\ld r possess on ! "o h& s\l-int5sity & pre-em95tly spirituality 9 its wide/ compreh5sion1 on ! o!r1 intimate p]sonality & individual di/9ction4 ,bo? ^! contra/$ aspects are inconsi/5t ) t blissful repose 9 ! s5su\s environm5t ( our humanity4 ,to comb9e ^! two t]m9i ( arti/ic reproduction1 expression & =m1 z above def9$1 is a matt] ( ! greate/ difficulty1 & pa9t]s especially h almo/ always got !mselves into difficulties :5 !y div]g$ f ! traditional type#bbe4 ,e>ne/ness & dep? ( consci\sness %\ld no d\bt be prom95t 9 ! expression ( su* heads1 b ! specific features & l9es bo? ( c\nt5ance & figure ought z little to be ( a simply ideal beauty z !y are entitl$ to fall %ort 9 ! direction ( ! commonplace & ! ugly1 or errone\sly to aspire aft] ! b>e pret5sions ( ! ,sublime4 ,! true/ success 9 respect to ! ext]nal figure w be f\nd 9 a mean betwe5 ! directness ( ,nature's detail & ! ideal ( beauty4 ,rightly to hit on ?is j mean is difficult4 ,x is pre-em95tly 9 ?is t ! ability1 ta/e1 & g5ius ( an arti/ w ass]t itself4 ,& 9 g5]al we may ass]t t 9 all arti/ic execution ( ?is "*--putt+ on "o side entirely ! diff]5t nature ( ! cont5t1 :i* is insep>able f religi\s fai?--!re is m scope (f]$ = ! ex]cise ( ! arti/'s private judgm5t ?an is ! case :5 deal+ ) ! classic ,ideal4 ,9 classical art ! arti/ seeks to pres5t ! spiritual & ,div9e imm$iately 9 ! l9es ( ! bodily %ape itself1 9 ! organism ( ! human figure2 ! l9es ( ! human =m1 !re=e1 9 ?is ideal div]g5ce f :at is ord9>ily met ) 9 f9ite exi/5ce1 are fundam5tally necess>y to ! int]e/4 ,9 ! k9d ( art we are n[ discuss+ ! configuration rema9s t ( ord9>y exp]i5ce2 its specific l9es are up to a c]ta9 po9t uness5tial1 detail1 9 %ort1 t may indiff]5tly be treat$ 9 div]s ways & ) great] arti/ic lic5ce4 ,! supreme int]e/1 !re=e1 is conc5trat$1 on ! "o h&1 9 ! mode & mann] :]eby our arti/ makes t :i* is spiritual & ideal )9 ! cont5t "u ! mode ( ,_s itself %9e =? ?r\gh ?is envisagem5t ( ord9>y exp]i5ce2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 9 ! individual discretion ex]cis$ 9 ! execution1 ! te*nical means & %ifts employ$1 by virtue ( :i* he is able to imp>t to 8 creations ! brea? ( spiritual life & to br+ home ?is f9] ess5ce to our he>ts & s5ses4 77 ,) reg>d to ! fur!r aspect ( ! cont5t we h already po9t$ out t x is ref]able to ! hi/ory ( ! ,absolute "u ! mode t ! same is d$ucible f ! notion ( ,_s itself2 a hi/ory :i* makes objective 9 ! real _w bodily & spiritual s+ul>ity z infus$ ) its own ess5tial & univ]sal nature4 ,= ! reconciliation ( our individual consci\sness ) ,god does n imm$iately appe> z an orig9al h>mony1 b r z a h>mony :i* only is modulat$ f inf9ite pa91 f resignation1 sacrifice1 & ! mortification ( ! f9ite1 s5su\s1 & p>ticul>4 ,we see "h ! f9ite & ! inf9ite br\ght into unity2 & ?is reconciliation only ass]ts itself 9 its true pr(undity1 intimacy1 & p[] by means ( ! grossness & sev]ity ( ! contradiction :i* ye>ns = resolution4 ,we may !re=e )\t fe> ass]t t ! entire asp]ity & dissonance ( ! suff]+1 torture1 & agony1 :i* su* a contradiction br+s 9 its tra91 is insep>able f ! v nature ( spiritual life1 ^: f9al consolation con/itutes "h ! cont5t4 ,?is process ( ,_s is1 if accept$ frankly = all x implies & unfolds1 ! ess5ce1 ! notion ( ,_s absolutely4 ,x consequ5tly det]m9es = consci\s life t univ]sal hi/ory#bbf :i* is = ev] repeat$ 9 e individual consci\sness4 ,= x is no?+ less or m ?an ?is consci\sness z ! univ]sal m9d or ,_s is explicat$ 9 ! multiplicity ( individual life1 reality & exi/5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 h[ev]1 = ! reason t ! ess5tial significance ( ! spiritual process is conc5trat$ 9 t mode ( reality :i* is purely individual1 ?is univ]sal hi/ory comes be=e u itself m]ely 9 ! =m ( "o p]son1 to :i* x is conjo9$ z its own1 z ! hi/ory1 t is1 ( 8 bir?1 8 suff]+1 dea?1 & return f dea?2 at ! same "t !re is ! fur!r significance atta*$ to ?is p]sonal hi/ory1 namely1 t x is ! hi/ory ( univ]sal & absolute ,_s itself4 ,! supreme turn+-po9t ( ?is life ( ,god is ! putt+ aside ( individual exi/5ce z ! life ( a p>ticul> man simply--! /ory ( ! ,passion1 ! suff]+ on ! ,cross1 ! ,calv>y ( ,_s1 ! agony ( dea?4 ,9 s f> z ! cont5t "h comprises ! fact t ! ext]nal & bodily =m--imm$iate exi/5ce 9 its p]sonal mode--is1 9 ! pa9 ( its inh]5t contradiction1 prop\nd$ 9 ?is aspect ( negation 9 ord] t ,_s may secure its tru? & its bless$ness by ! sacrifice ( ! s5su\s & its individual s+ul>ity1 to t ext5t we rea* ! extreme l9e ( division betwe5 x z an arti/ic creation & ! classic or pla/ic ,ideal4 ,f "o po9t ( view no d\bt ! e>?ly body & ! frailty ( human ,nature is expressly exalt$ & hon\r$ 9 ! fact t x is ,god ,himself :o is made manife/ )9 x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 x is j ?is human & bodily side :i* is posit$ z negative1 & decl>es itself 9 its pa94 ,9 ! classic ,ideal ! undi/urb$ h>mony 9 no way vani%es be=e ! co-ess5tial ,_s4 ,! ma9 incid5ts ( t ,passion1 ! mock+ ( ,*ri/1 ! cr[n+ ) ?orns1 ! c>ry+ ( ! cross1 ! f9al dea? on ! same 9 ! agony ( a tortur+ & t$i\s dea?1 are :olly incompatible ) ! pres5tm5t ( ! ,greek type ( beauty4 ,! l(ty aspect 9 su* situations z ^! is ! ess5tial hol9ess impli$ 9 !m1 ! dep? ( ! ,_s's inmo/1 ! et]nal significance ( ! agony 9 its relation to ! spiritual process1 ! endurance & ,div9e repose4 ,! p]sonal environm5t ( ?is sublime figure is 9 "p compos$ ( fri5ds & 9 "p ( enemies4 ,! fri5ds are ?r\gh\t no ideal creations1 b relatively to ! notion#bbg1 p>ticul> individualities typical ( ord9>y m51 :i* ! impulse ( ,_s atta*es to ,*ri/3 ! enemies1 on ! o!r h&1 by virtue ( ! fact t !y place !mselves 9 ho/ility to ,god1 judge1 mock1 put to torture1 & crucify ,him1 are pres5t$ to u z spiritually evil1 & ?is conception ( _! wick$ness ( he>t & enmity to ,god br+s 9 its tra9 on its ext]ior side ugl9ess1 grossness1 b>b>ity1 ! rage & di/ortion ( ,_s4 ,9 all ^! respects1 9 contra/ ) ! classical beauty we h be=e u 9 su* repres5tations ! non-beautiful z an inevitable concomitant4 77 ,! process ( dea?1 h[ev]1 9 ! ,div9e nature is only to be reg>d$ z a po9t ( transition1 by means ( :i* ! self-reconcilem5t ( ,_s is effect$2 & ! aspects ( ! ,div9e & human1 ! out & out univ]sal & ! ph5om5al individuality1 to m$iate ! division ( :i* is ! ma9 object 9 view1 are positively suff]$ to coalesce4 ,?is positive affirmation1 :i* is ! und]ly+ root & orig9ation ( ! process1 is consequ5tly also =c$ to exhibit itself 9 a l positive way4 ,z emphatic situations 9 ! ,*ri/-hi/ory ! resurrection & asc5sion supply conspicu\sly ! v means to put t affirmation 9 ! cle>e/ light4 ,9 m isolat$ fa%ion we h ov] & above ?is = ! same purpose ^? occasions 9 :i* ,*ri/ appe>s to ,8 own z tea*]4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 pla/ic art is confront$ ) an exceptional situation ( difficulty4 ,= 9 a measure x is ,_s 9 its purity1 :i* is to be pres5t$ 9 ?is v impalpable ideality1 & 9 a measure1 too1 x is no?+ less ?an absolute ,_s1 :i* 9 ! full pregnancy ( its inf9itude & univ]sality is affirmatively prop\nd$ 9 union ) an individual consci\sness & exalt$ above imm$iate exi/5ce2 & yet not)/&+ su* preconceptions x has und]tak5 ! task to envisage = s5se 9 ! bodily configuration ( ?is p]son ! entire expression ( ! inf9ite & inn]mo/ spiritual pr(undity :i* x ref]s to him#bbh4 #b4 ,,religi\s ,,love ,m9d 9 its ultimate & mo/ complete explication z reason is1 z su*1 n ! imm$iate object ( art4 ,its highe/ & mo/ ess5tially realiz$ reconciliation c only f9d su* satisfi$ consummation 9 ! intellectual m$ium z su*1 t is to say1 ! ideal m$ium :i* is )drawn f ! rea* ( arti/ic expression2 = absolute ,tru? /&s on a high] level ?an ! %[ ( beauty1 :i* is unable to break away f ! s5su\s & ph5om5al4 ,if1 !n1 ,_s is to receive an exi/5ce z ,_s 9 its positive reconciliation ?r\gh ! m$ium ( art1 an exi/5ce :i* is appreh5d$ n m]ely z ideal1 9 o!r words1 z pure ?\ght1 b c be felt & envisag$1 x foll[s t ! only mode left to u1 :i* supplies ?is two-fold condition ( spirituality on ! "o h& & ( its capability ( be+ conceiv$ & pres5t$ by art on ! o!r1 is t ( ! inn] realm ( ,_s itself1 :at we und]/& by ! s\l & its emotional exp]i5ce4 ,& ! condition ( t k+dom :i* alone fully answ]s to ! notion ( free ,_s br\ght into peace & joy ) itself is ,love4 7a7 ,9 o!r words1 if we look at ! cont5t1 we %all see t its articulation is 9 its important features simil> to ! fundam5tal notion ( absolute ,_s1 ! return ( a reconcil$ pres5ce f its ,o!r to itself4 ,?is ,o!r 9 ! s5se ( ! ,o!r1 9 :i* ,_s cont9ues by itself1 c only be itself some?+ spiritual1 or r a spiritual p]sonality4 ,! true ess5ce ( love consi/s 9 ! surr5d] ( ! self-consci\sness1 9 ! =gett+ oneself 9 ano!r self1 yet = all t to h & possess oneself = ! fir/ "t 9 ?is v act ( surr5d] & oblivion4 ,?is m$iation ( ,_s ) itself & sur*>ge ( its own to ! unit ( totality is ! ,absolute1 n1 h[ev]1 ( c\rse1 "u ! mode 9 :i* ! ,absolute coalesces ) itself z m]ely s+ul> & !reby f9ite individuality 9 ano!r f9ite subject2 r ! cont5t ( ! spiritual individuality :i* is "h self-m$iat$ 9 ano!r is ! ,absolute itself4 ,x is1 9 %ort1 ,_s :i* is only ! k & volition ( its own sub/ance z ! ,absolute by be+ 9 ano!r1 & :i* receives !re) ! fruition ( su* k4 7b7 ,m closely reg>d$ ?is cont5t z love has ! =m ( self-conc5trat$ emotion1 :i*1 in/ead ( mak+ its cont5t m explicit1 t is to say1 pres5t+ x to consci\sness 9 its def9ite t]ms & univ]sality1 r conv]ges ! inf9ite bread? ( ! same directly to "o focus 9 ! cle> pr(undity ( ! s\l1 )\t fur!r unfold+ 9 o!r directions = ! imag9ation ! weal? :i* x ess5tially includes4 ,by ?is means a cont5t ( equal significance1 :i* w\ld be incon=mable to arti/ic pres5tation1 is fre% f ! m9t ( its pure & ideal univ]sality1 is none ! less capable ( be+ ! subject-matt] ( art 9 ?is individual exi/5ce ( subjective emotion2 = :ile "u a mode su* z ?is x is n on ! "o h& compell$ to accept an articulation ( p]fect cl>ity by reason ( its /ill undisclos$ dep?1 :i* is ! obvi\s *>act]i/ic ( s\l-life1 yet on ! o!r h& x receives "u ?is mode a m$ium t x is possible = art to make use (4 ,= s\l-life1 he>t1 feel+1 h[ev] self-conta9$ & spiritual !y may rema91 h none ! less a bond ( affiliation ) ! s5su\s & mat]ial1 s t !y are able also on ! outside %[ ( ?+s ?r\gh ! bodily memb]s !mselves1 ?r\gh a look1 ! facial expression1 or 9 a /ill m spiritual way ?r\gh ! voice tones or a ^w to disclose ! inmo/ life & exi/5ce ( ,_s4 ,b ?is ext]ior m$ium is 9 su* a case only acceptable 9 s f> z x /rictly expresses ?is mo/ intimate life ( s\l 9 ways t reflect ! inw>d nature ( ! s\l itself4 7c7 ,we def9$ ! notion ( ! ,ideal to be ! reconciliation ( ! inw>d life ) its reality2 we may n[ 9 l mann] po9t to ! emotion ( love z ! ,ideal ( romantic art 9 ! sph]e ( ! religi\s consci\sness4 ,x is spiritual beauty 9 its pure emanation4 ,! classic ,ideal also exhibit$ ! m$iation & reconcilem5t ( ,_s ) its ,o!r4 ,b "h ! oppos+ factor ( ,_s 0 ! ext]ior m$ium suffus$ ) t ,_s1 x 0 its bodily organism4 ,9 love1 on ! contr>y1 ! oppos+ pres5ce ( t :i* is spiritual is n ! ph5om5on ( ,nature1 b a spiritual consci\sness itself1 ano!r subject ( su*2 & ! realization ( ,_s is consequ5tly effect$ by ,_s itself 9 its own k+dom1 9 t m$ium :i* is uniquely its own4 ,x foll[s f ?is t love 9 ?is its positive self-fruition & ess5tially tranquilliz$ & bless$ realization is ideal1 b be=e ev]y?+ else spiritual beauty1 :i* c only be express$ = ! sake ( ! ideal virtue x possesses & fur!r only 9 & z a "p ( ! inmo/ %r9e ( ! s\l4 ,= t ,_s1 :i* is pres5t 9 _s to itself & is imm$iately aw>e ( its own1 :i* )al possesses :at is spiritual = ! sub/ance & bottom ( its v exi/5ce1 abides 9 intimacy ) itself1 &1 be/ def9ition ( all1 is ! inw>d be+ ( ,love4 77 ,god is ,love2 & consequ5tly x is ?is mo/ pr(\nd ess5ce :i*1 9 ?is =m native to arti/ic pres5tation1 is ?us appreh5d$ & pres5t$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ is1 h[ev]1 ,div9e love 9 ! s5se t f "o aspect ( x decl>es ,god ,himself z its object1 t is1 ,god 9 ! mode ( ,8 invisible ess5ce1 & f ano!r x z truly reveals humanity "u ! seal ( its r$emption2 & = ?is reason x is n s mu* 9 ,him#bbi t ! passage ( "o individual into ano!r p>ticul> individual is made manife/ 9 ,8 love1 z ! fact t we h "h ! idea ( ,love itself 9 its univ]sality1 9 o!r words1 ! ,absolute1 ! _s ( ,tru? 9 ! m$ium & mode ( emotion4 ,) ! univ]sality ( its object ! expression ( ,love is also univ]saliz$ 9 pursuance ( :i* ! purely individual conc5tration ( he>t & s\l is n made ! important po9t1 j z among ! ,greeks 9 ! anci5t ,titan ,eros & ,v5us ,urania we f9d1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 9 an entirely diff]5t connection1 t x is ! univ]sal idea r ?an ! individual side ( p]sonal =m & feel+ :i* is ! factor emphasiz$4 ,only :5 ,*ri/ is1 9 ! pres5tation ( romantic art1 r conceiv$ z at ! same "t ! isolate self-absorb$ p]sonality himself1 is ! expression ( love clo!d 9 ! =m ( individual inw>dness1 & ev5 !n x is1 ( c\rse1 always exalt$ & uplift$ by ! univ]sality ( ! cont5t4 77 ,! k9d ( love1 h[ev]1 :i* 9 ?is sph]e ( art is mo/ )9 its rea* & is g5]ally ! mo/ successful object ( ! romantic & religi\s imag9ation1 is ! love ( ,m>y1 ! "m's love4 ,x /&s close/ to ,nature's reality1 is v human1 & yet entirely spiritual1 )\t ei!r ! int]e/ or ! egotism ( s5sual desire1 n s5su\s & yet pres5t inw>d bliss 9 its absolute condition ( fruition4 ,x is a love t has no long+ 9 x1 n fri5d%ip1 = fri5d%ip1 albeit also s ri* 9 s\l quality1 requires a sub/antive cont5t1 an ess5tial mat]ial z ! associat+ object4 ,a "m's love1 on ! contr>y1 possesses )\t any mutuality#bcj ( aim or int]e/s an imm$iate basis 9 ! natural mat]nal bond4 ,b 9 ?is p>ticul> case ! "m's love is j z little re/rict$ to ! purely natural affiliation4 ,m>y possesses 9 ! *ild :i* %e has c>ri$ "u h] he>t & borne ) travail ! p]fect$ k & feel+ ( h] v self1 & ?is selfsame *ild1 ! blood ( h] blood1 is also 9 equal degree exalt$ above h]1 & yet = all t %e is consci\s t ?is high] belongs to h]self1 & is precisely t %e ga9s 9 h] act ( self-oblivion & possession4 ,! natural intimacy ( ! "m's love is absolutely spiritualiz$1 x receives = its v embodim5t ! ,div9e2 b ?is spiritual coh]5ce rema9s l[ly & unaw>e1 p]meat$ 9 a wond]ful mann] ) ! unity ( ,nature & ! emotion ( womanhood4 ,x is ! bless$ "m's love1 & p]ta9s only to ! "o "m1 :o fir/ 0 recipi5t ( its joy#bca4 ,x is q true t ev5 ?is love is n )\t its pa91 b ! pa9 is m]ely ! grief ( loss1 ! lam5t ov] ! suff]+1 dy+1 & dead son1 &1 z we %all f9d x at a lat] /age#bcb1 has no?+ to d ) ! inju/ice & torture suff]$ f a =ce )\t1 or ) ! inf9ite conflict ) s91 /ill less ) agonies & pangs t arise 9 ! s\l4 ,! inw>dness ( s\l su* z we h analys$ is ! beauty ( ,_s1 ! ,ideal1 ! human id5tification ( man ) ,god1 ) ,_s1 ) ,tru?2 oblivion 9 its pure selflessness1 ! surr5d] ( ! ego1 :i*1 h[ev]1 9 ?is surr5d]1 is f beg9n+ to end at unity ) t 9 :i* x is absorb$1 & x is 9 ?is coalesc5ce t ! feel+ ( bless$ness is consummat$4 ,"u su* a fair aspect we h mat]nal love embodi$ 9 romantic art1 & x is at ! same "t a picture ( ,_s itself1 because ,_s is only appreh5sible by art 9 ! =m ( feel+2 & ! feel+ ( t union ( ! individual ) ,god 9 its mo/ orig9al1 mo/ real1 & mo/ vivid =m is only pres5t 9 ! "m's love ( ! ,madonna4 ,x mu/ inevitably =m ! subject-matt] ( art1 if 9 ! repres5tation ( ?is1 ! sph]e ( ! religi\s imag9ation1 ! ,ideal1 ! affirmative reconciliation 9 its joy is n to fall %ort ( its aim4 ,!re has consequ5tly be5 a "t :5 ! mat]nal love ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 has be5 plac$ z ! highe/ & holie/ ( ,e>?'s possessions1 & z su* has be5 rev]$ & pres5t$ to mank9d4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ,_s is br\ght be=e ! human consci\sness 9 its own native elem5t1 sep>at$1 t is1 f all und]ly+ emotion1 ! free m$iation ( ,_s t is built up on su* a f\ndation c alone be reg>d$ z ! free road to ,tru?2 & consequ5tly we f9d t 9 ,prote/antism1 z contra/$ to ?is wor%ip ( ,m>y :e!r 9 art or belief1 x is ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! inmo/ m$iation ( ,_s :i* has become ! l(ti] tru?4 77 ,?irdly1 & 9 conclusion1 ! positive reconciliation ( spiritual life is embodi$ 9 ! feel+s ( ,*ri/'s own disciples1 ! wom5 & fri5ds :o foll[ him4 ,su* are = ! mo/ "p *>act]s :o h p]sonally tak5 on !mselves ! sev]ity ( ! idea ( ,*ri/ianity1 h& iii h& ) _! ,div9e fri5d1 by virtue ( ! fri5d%ip1 tea*+1 & s]mons ( ,*ri/1 )\t pass+ ?r\gh ! ext]nal & inw>d pangs ( spiritual conv]sion1 :o h c>ri$ x =w>d1 made !mselves ma/]s bo? ( x & !mselves1 & 9 ! dep? ( _! he>ts rema9 /rong 9 ! same4 ,f su*1 no d\bt1 ! imm$iate unity & intimacy ( t "m's love 9 a measure vani%es2 b !y /ill possess z ! bond :i* unites !m ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/1 ! common s]vice to a great life :i* !y %>e1 & ! direct impulse ( ,_s#bcc4 #c4 ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,! ,,community ,9 mak+ our passage ov] to a conclud+ /age ( ! subject "u discussion we c h>dly d bett] ?an associate x ) t :i* we h already t\*$ ^u 9 connection ) ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/4 ,! imm$iate exi/5ce ( ,*ri/1 z ?is p>ticul> man1 :o is ,god1 is assum$ to be wip$ out1 9 o!r words1 ! tru? itself ass]ts itself t 9 ! manife/ation ( ,god z man1 ! true reality ( ,god ?us envisag$ is n imm$iate s5su\s exi/5ce b ,_s4 ,! reality ( ! ,absolute reg>d$ z inf9ite subjectivity#bcd is simply ,_s itself2 ,god is 9 k1 9 ! elem5t ( ! inn] life1 & only !re4 ,?is absolute exi/5ce ( ,god1 z absolutely ideal to ! same ext5t z x is subjective#bce univ]sality1 does n !re=e admit ( ! limitations ( ?is p>ticul> individual1 :o has 9 ! /ory ( 8 life made manife/ ! reconciliation betwe5 ! ,div9e & human self-consci\sness1 b on ! contr>y is enl>g$ to ! full measure ( ! human consci\sness :i* is reconcil$ to ,god1 t is1 9 g5]al t]ms to our humanity1 :i* exi/s z an aggregate ( _m individuals4 ,9 8 indep5d5ce1 h[ev]1 tak51 t is1 z a specific p]sonality1 man is n "u any imm$iate mode ! ,div9e1 b on ! contr>y f9ite & human1 :i* only 9 s f> z x really prop\nds itself z a negation1 :i* x ess5tially is1 & !reby annuls itself 9 ?is negative aspect1 c atta9 to ! reconcilem5t ) ,god4 ,x is only by virtue ( ?is deliv]ance f ! frailty ( f9itude t our humanity decl>es itself z ! vehicle ( ! exi/5ce ( ! absolute ,_s1 z ! _s ( ! community1 9 :i* ! union ( ! human & ,div9e ,_s )9 ! b\nds ( human reality itself1 9 ! s5se ( its realiz$ m$iation1 c>ries into fulfilm5t :at ess5tially1 if we look at x 9 ! light ( ! notion ( ,_s1 x is f ! fir/ 9 t v union4 ,! pr9cipal modes :i* are ( importance 9 respect to ?is new cont5t ( romantic art may be di/+ui%$ z foll[s3 ,! individual1 :o 9 8 sep>ation f ,god lives 9 a condition ( s9fulness & conflict ) ! imm$iacy & frailty ( f9ite exi/5ce1 possesses ! et]nal de/9y to come into reconciliation ) himself & ,god4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z we f9d t 9 ! r$emption-hi/ory ( ,*ri/ ! negative relation ( imm$iate s+ul>ity is affirm$ & decl>$ an ess5tial feature 9 ! spiritual process1 s1 too1 e p>ticul> individual is only ?r\gh a conv]sion f ! natural /ate & 8 f9ite p]sonality uplift$ to ! free condition & into ! peace ( ,god4 ,?is abrogation ( f9itude ass]ts itself 9 a ?reefold mann] z foll[s3 ,fir/1 z ! repetition 9 actual life ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,passion1 a repetition ( real bodily suff]+--m>tyrdom4 ,secondly1 ! above conv]sion is remov$ to ! inmo/ life ( s\l1 z spiritual m$iation by means ( rep5tance1 p5ance1 & conv]sion4 ,?irdly1 & f9ally ! manife/ation ( ! ,div9e is s conceiv$ 9 ! _w ( ,nature's reality t ! ord9>y c\rse ( ,nature & ! natural mode ( occurr5ces z !y o!rwise take place is arre/$1 9 ord] to display ! might & pres5ce ( ! ,div9e4 ,wond] or miracle is consequ5tly ! =m ( pres5tation4 7a7 ,! ,m>tyrs ,! e>lie/ mode "u :i* ! _s ( ! community makes itself actively pres5t 9 ! human consci\sness is effect$ :5 man =ms a mirror 9 himself ( ! ,div9e process & s makes himself a new =m ( exi/5ce = ! et]nal ,life#bcf ( ,god4 ,"h we f9d once m t ! expression ( t imm$iate & positive reconciliation disappe>s1 inasmu* z man c only atta9 to ?is by abrogat+ 8 f9ite exi/5ce4 ,ev]y?+1 !re=e1 t 0 ( c5tral importance 9 ! fir/ /age returns to u aga9 "h only 9 an aggravat$ degree1 because ! incompatibility & unwor?9ess ( our humanity is "h presuppos$1 & to rem$y ?is defect is assum$ to be man's supreme & unique duty4 77 ,! specific cont5t ( ?is phase is consequ5tly ! endurance ( torm5ts1 & along ) su* ! individual's will+ r5unciation1 sacrifice1 & self-impos$ r5unciation ) ! express aim ( ar\s+ suff]+s1 tortures1 & angui% ( e k9d 9 ord] t ,_s may reveal itself !re91 & feel itself 9 union ) ! fruition & bless$ness ( its heav5#bcg4 ,! negative aspect ( pa9 is an object 9 itself = ! true m>tyr1 & ! greatness ( ! revelation is su* t x c treat ) indiff]5ce ! awful aspect ( t :i* man has ?us suff]$1 & ! dreadful nature ( t to :i* he submits himself4 ,! fir/ ?+1 !n1 :i* w be br\ght b5ea? ! ru?less mace ( negation 9 ord] t ! individual :o /ill exp]i5ces ?is dr\ght ( ! s\l may wean himself f ! _w & become sanctifi$1 w be 8 natural exi/5ce1 8 life1 ! satisfaction ( ! mo/ ess5tial necess>ies ( 8 bodily exi/5ce4 ,! ma9 subject-matt] !re=e ( ! type we are n[ deal+ ) w be torm5ts ( ! body1 suff]+s :i* h be5 p]petrat$ on ! believ] ei!r by 8 enemies & p]secutors out ( hatr$ & p]secution1 or h be5 delib]ately accept$ by himself on pr9ciple by way ( expiation4 ,9 bo? cases ! individual accepts !m 9 ! full fanaticism ( 8 read9ess to endure1 n1 t is to say1 z an inju/ice to himself1 b z a bless+ ?r\gh :i* alone he is enabl$ to break d[n ! walls ( :at he feels to be 8 s9ful fle%1 he>t1 & s\l1 & s obta9 reconcilem5t ) 8 ,god4 ,9 s f>1 h[ev]1 z ?is conv]sion ( ! s\l c only manife/ itself 9 su* situations1 9 atrocities & awful treatm5t ( ! bodily frame ! beauty ( ! pres5tation ( su* subjects may be v readily impair$2 &1 9 fact1 we may say t ! treatm5t ( all subjects ( ?is k9d is a p]il\s und]tak+ = art4 ,=1 on ! "o h&1 x is obvi\s t individuals "h1 impress$ z !y are :olly ) ! hall-m>k ( f9ite exi/5ce1 & its inevitable blemi%es & defects1 w h to be repres5t$ 9 an entirely diff]5t atmosph]e f t we claim$ = ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/'s ,passion2 &1 f a fur!r po9t ( view1 we un=tunately meet ) unhe>d ( agonies & horrors 9 su* cases1 di/ortion1 & dislocation ( limbs1 bodily torm5ts1 scaffolds1 decapitation1 burn+ or roa/+ 9 oil1 flay+ alive1 & e o!r sort ( frightful1 repugnant1 & loa?some abuse ( ! body1 su* z lie mu* too remote f beauty = any sane art to ?9k ( select+ !m = its subject-matt]4 ,! arti/ic dext]ity ( ! arti/ may1 9 su* cases1 no d\bt1 s f> z execution is conc]n$1 be ( ! highe/ class2 b1 at be/1 su* manual dext]ity w m]ely possess a p]sonal int]e/1 we may inde$ f9d be=e u ! te*nique ( an admirable pa9t]2 b x w be equally obvi\s t all 8 ef=ts h be5 unable to produce out ( su* mat]ial a h>moni\s "w ( art4 77 ,= ^! reasons x w be necess>y t ! arti/ic pres5tation ( ?is negative process %\ld emphasize ano!r aspect ( x1 :i* /&s out !reby above ?is agony ( ! body & s\l1 & e/abli%es 9 relief ! positive pres5ce ( reconciliation4 ,?is is j t ess5tial reconcilem5t ( ,_s :i* is f9ally won z ! result s\ght = ( ! pa9 suff]$4 ,"u an aspect su* z ?is ! m>tyrs may be depict$ z ! gu>dians ( ! ,div9e 9 conflict ) ! grossness ( mat]ial =ce & b>b>ism ( unbelief4 ,= ! sake ( _! heav5ly treasure !y endure pa9 & dea?1 & ?is c\rage1 /eadfa/ness1 endurance1 & consolation mu/ consequ5tly1 ) equal tru?1 appe> ^u !m4 ,& yet = all t ?is intimate possession ( _! fai? & love 9 its spiritual beauty is no sanity ( s\l :i* br+s to !m a s5se ( ! sanity ( _! body2 r x is a s5se ( inw>d life1 :i* has work$ its way ?r\gh _! pa9 itself1 or at lea/ is made manife/ 9 _! suff]+1 & :i*1 ev5 9 ! mom5t ( _! ec/asy1 reta9s ! exp]i5ce ( pa9 z an ess5tial condition ( _! beatitude4 ,! art ( pa9t+ has1 9 p>ticul>1 made ?is attitude ( sa9tly humiliation ! object ( its ef=ts4 ,:at ?is art ma9ly %\ld /rive aft] "h is to del9eate ! bliss ( su* torm5ts 9 ! pure & simple l9es ( ! c\nt5ance & its expression1 z contra/$ ) ! (f5sive lac]ation ( ! fle%2 & to pres5t su* an ec/asy z may reflect ! surr5d] & victory ov] pa91 ! fruition1 9 %ort1 ( ! ,div9e ,pres5ce 9 ! temple ( ! s\l4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! art ( sculpture seeks to give a visible =m to su* a cont5t1 x w inevitably f9d itself less qualifi$ to depict ?is ec/asy ( s\l-life at ?is /ra9 ( its int5sity ) su* a conc5trat$ p[]1 & w consequ5tly be compell$ to emphasize t aspect ( pa9 & lac]ation 9 s f> z x decl>es itself 9 its full =ce on ! bodily frame4 77 ,?irdly1 x is to be obs]v$ t 9 ! k9d ( examples ) :i* we are n[ deal+ x is n m]ely ! exi/5ce ( ,nature & imm$iate f9ite conditions :i* is affect$ by ?is attitude ( self-abnegation & endurance1 b ! impulse ( ! s\l is transport$ by su* feel+s to an extreme po9t ( ?is heav5ly rapture to su* an ext5t1 9 fact1 t :at is m]ely human & ( ! _w1 ev5 :5 x is ess5tially beyond reproa* on e?ical or rational gr\nds1 is none ! less ?ru/ beh9d & scorn$4 ,9 o!r words1 j 9 proportion z ! ,_s1 :i* "h makes vivid to itself ! idea ( its conv]sion1 is 9 ! fir/ in/ance defici5t 9 an educat$ s5se1 to t ext5t x w ) s mu* ! m uncontrollable & logical fr5zy--! entire =ce ( its piety be+ conc5trat$ on ?is "o object--turn its back on ev]y?+ :i* z f9ite opposes ?is b>e & ab/ract inf9itude ( its religi\s fanaticism1 t is to say1 on e def9ite human emotion1 all ! manifold e?ical impulses1 relations1 & obligations ( ! he>t4 ,= ! moral life ( ! family1 ! bonds ( fri5d%ip1 ( blood1 ( love1 ( ! ,/ate1 & a man's call+1 e "o ( !m belong to ! ?+s ( ! _w2 & all t is ( ! _w1 9 s f> z x is n z yet suffus$ ) ! absolute conceptions ( fai? & develop$ 9 unity & h>mony ) ! same1 appe>s to ?is =m ( ab/ract spiritual int5sity ( ! s\l ( fai? s f> f be+ some?+ acceptable to its emotional life & s5se ( obligation1 t x is1 on ! contr>y1 a ?+ ( no wor? at all1 & !re=e bo? ho/ile & hurtful to its religi\s /ate4 ,! moral organism ( ! human _w is consequ5tly n z yet respect$1 because its significant features & duties are n z yet recogniz$ z necess>y1 integrat$ memb]s 9 ! concat5ation ( an ess5tially rational reality1 9 :i* no?+1 x is true1 ought to ass]t itself 9 a "o-sid$ & indep5d5t isolation1 yet1 none ! less1 z an ess5tial factor 9 ! organic process1 mu/ be ma9ta9$ z su* & n be sacrific$4 ,9 ?is respect ! religi\s reconciliation rema9s itself "o-sid$1 & decl>es itself 9 ! truly simple he>t z an int5sity ( belief :i* is defici5t 9 compreh5siv5ess1 t is1 z ! piety ( ! self-seclud$ s\l1 :i* has n yet atta9$ 9 its gr[? to ! fully exp&$ self-reliance ( maturity1 & to conviction bas$ on g5u9e insight & circumspection4 ,:5 ! =ce ( a s\l defici5t 9 ^! qualities ma9ta9s its opposition to ! _w :i* is ?us treat$ 9 a purely negative way1 & =cefully breaks loose f all human ties1 ev5 ?\gh !y may orig9ally be ! v close/1 we c only *>act]ize su* conduct z ! rawness ( ,_s & a b>b>ic result ( ! p[] ( ab/raction1 :i* is simply repulsive4 ,s we may say t ?\gh f ! po9t ( view ( ! religi\s consci\sness1 z we f9d x to-day1 x is inde$ possible to hon\r1 & to hon\r highly1 ?is op5+ g]m ( religiosity 9 su* repres5tations1 if1 h[ev]1 su* a pi\s t5d5cy proce$s to su* l5g?s t we f9d x advanc+ to lay siege to :at is bo? ess5tially rational & moral1 !n1 s f> f sympa?iz+ ) su* a fanaticism ( sanctity1 we c only prote/ t a k9d ( abnegation su* z ?is1 :i* ca/s (f f itself1 %att]s & treads ^u t :i* is indep5d5tly ju/ifiable1 & ev5 sacr$1 appe>s to u bo? immoral 9 itself & subv]sive ( ! v type ( religion x repres5ts4 ,!re are _m leg5ds1 tales1 & poems :i* deal ) ?is extreme =m ( ! pi\s craze4 ,we h1 = example1 ! tale ( a man :o1 ?\gh full ( t5d]ness = 8 wife & family1 &1 moreov]1 belov$ by all 8 fri5ds1 leaves 8 home & makes a pilgrimage4 ,:5 at la/ he returns home 9 ! guise ( a begg> he refuses to disclose 8 id5tity4 ,alms are giv5 him1 & out ( compassion a p]man5t lodg+ provid$ "u ! /airs4 ,9 ?is plight he lives = tw5ty ye>s2 he sees ! grief ( 8 family on 8 acc\nt1 & only decl>es :o he is on 8 dea?-b$4 ,?is k9d ( ?+1 :i* we are ask$ to rev]e z sanctity1 is1 ( c\rse1 m]ely ! egotism ( a fanatic :i* revolts u4 ,?is long endurance ( r5unciation may rem9d u ( ! di/rait nature ( ^? p5ances1 :i* ! ,h9doos volunt>ily impose on !mselves on religi\s gr\nds4 ,b ! endurance ( ! ,h9doo has a v diff]5t significance4 ,9 t case a man delib]ately places himself 9 a condition ( vacuum & unconsci\sness2 9 ! case :i* we are n[ consid]+ ! pa91 & ! delib]ate consci\sness & feel+ ( ! same is ! real object1 :i* x is assum$ w be atta9$ ) j s mu* m purity z ! suff]+ is associat$ ) ! consci\sness ( ! value ( & devotion to ! sev]ities :i* are accept$1 & is1 moreov]1 unit$ ) a vision = ev] conc5trat$ on ! r5unciation ?us made4 ,! ri*] ! he>t :i* takes on itself ! burd5 ( su* ordeals1 ! nobl] ! cont5t ( its own possessions1 & yet )al believes t x is b\nd to condemn !m z ( no m]it1 j s mu* ! m difficult gr[s ! task ( reconciliation1 & ! m prone x is to br+ ab\t ! mo/ t]rible convulsions & ! mo/ rav+ di/raction4 ,inde$1 to our vision1 x is cle> en\gh t a s\l su* z ?is1 :i* is only at home 9 a _w :i*1 h[ev] full ( ideas1 is n ! _w ( common exp]i5ce1 & :i* consequ5tly only feels its grasp slipp+ f ! /able & p>am\nt c5tres ( activity & aims ( ?is our actual _w1 ay1 & al?\gh x be ) he>t & s\l held 9 & associat$ ) t _w1 yet reg>ds all t is moral !re simply z some?+ :i* contradicts its absolute de/9ation--we c only say t su* a s\l1 bo? 9 its self-inflict$ suff]+s & its r5unciations1 is f ! rational po9t ( view simply mad1 s mad t we c nei!r feel any pr(\nd compassion = x1 nor propose any means ( lib]ation4 ,:at is lam5tably lack+ to a mode ( life ( ?is k9d is an object ( real sub/ance & valid significance2 :at x proposes to secure is an aim :olly p]sonal1 an object s\ght = by ! individual = himself alone1 = ! salvation ( 8 own s\l1 = 8 own bless$ness4 ,few are likely to conc]n !mselves v deeply :e!r an individual1 at any rate "o ( ?is type1 is or ev] w be happy#bch4 7b7 ,! inw>d ,p5ance & ,conv]sion ,! k9d ( repres5tation1 9 ! same g5]al class ( cases :i* we %all n[ contra/ ) ! "o above exam9$1 turns aside f ! extremity ( m]ely bodily suff]+1 z x is also f a fur!r po9t ( view m indiff]5t to ! purely negative impulse direct$ aga9/ :at is ess5tially j & "r 9 ! actual conditions ( ! _w2 ! mat]ial ( su* repres5tations consequ5tly1 bo? 9 respect to its cont5t & its =m1 op5s up a gr\nd :i* is m con=mable ) ideal art4 ,& ?is gr\nd is ! conv]sion ( ! inn] life ( ! s\l1 :i* only "h seeks to express itself 9 its spiritual pa91 & its *ange ( he>t4 ,"h1 !re=e1 we f9d 9 ! fir/ place t we h no m ( ^? ev] repeat$ horrors & b>b>ities ( pa9 inflict$ on man's poor body3 &1 secondly1 t :i* we h ref]r$ to z ! b>b>ian religiosity ( ! s\l no long] holds fa/ to its antagonism z aga9/ ! purely e?ical aspects ( humanity 9 ord] to trample "u iron foot 9 ! ab/raction ( its purely conceptive satisfaction#bci1 & 9 ! pa9 ( an absolute r5unciation t o!r k9d ( s5su\s enjoym5t2 = ! mo/ "p its att5tion is n[ solely direct$ aga9/ :at is 9 fact s9ful1 crim9al1 & evil 9 human ,nature4 ,we f9d "h a l(ty assurance t fai?1 ?is spiritual impulse t[>ds ,god1 is capable ( conv]t+ ! pa/ action1 ev5 ?\gh x be a s9 or a crime1 into some?+ ali5 to ! man :o p]petrat$ x1 wa%+ x away 9 fact4 ,?is )drawal out ( evil1 t :olly negative condition1 :i* is realiz$ 9 ! individual by ! subjective volition & _s at once scorn+ & conf\nd+ itself "u its =m] /ate ( evil--?is return to ! positive :i* is n[ self-e/abli%$ z ! only real 9 contra/ to ! =m] /ate ( s9fulness1 is ! truly inf9ite cont5t ( religi\s love1 ! pres5ce & actuality ( absolute ,_s 9 ! individual s\l itself4 ,! feel+ ( ! /ability & endurability ( ! p]sonal exi/5ce1 :i* ?r\gh ,god1 to :i* x addresses itself1 triumphs ov] evil1 & 9 s f> z x is ?us m$iat$ ) ,him is aw>e ( itself z "o ) ,him1 produces z its effect ! fruition & bless$ness ( contemplat+ ,god1 x is true1 9 ! fir/ in/ance z ! absolute ,o!r 9 ,8 opposition to ! s9 inh]5t 9 f9ite exi/5ce1 b fur!r ( kn[+ ?is ,inf9ite ,pres5ce z id5tical ) me z ?is p>ticul> p]son1 ( kn[+1 9 %ort1 t ,i c>ry ?is self-consci\sness ( ,god1 z ! seat ( my own p]sonality1 t is to say1 my own self-consci\sness1 z c]ta9ly z ,i c>ry ! s5se ( my own self-id5tity4 ,su* a revolution takes place no d\bt entirely )9 ! %r9e ( ! s\l1 & belongs1 !re=e1 r to religion ?an art3 = ! reason1 h[ev]1 t x is ! intimate movem5t ( ! s\l1 :i* pre-em95tly makes itself ma/] ( ?is act ( conv]sion1 & also is able to ?r[ a gleam ( light ?r\gh ! ext]nal embodim5t1 a pla/ic art su* z pa9t+ c also claim to make visible ! hi/ory ( su* conv]sions4 ,if x attempts1 h[ev]1 to depict ! entire c\rse ( ev5ts :i* belong to su* a transition1 mu* t is v f> f be+ beautiful may readily appe> 9 ! result1 because 9 su* a case bo? t :i* is s9ful & repulsive requires to be depict$1 z1 = example1 9 ! /ory ( ! prodigal son4 ,pa9t+1 !re=e1 a*ieves its greate/ success :5 x conc5trates ! act ( conv]sion into "o picture :]e t is ! prevail+ motive1 & pays little or no att5tion to ! previ\s c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,! ord9>y pres5tations ( ,m>y ,magdel5e may be not$ z an admirable example ( ?is k9d ( "w1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! h&s ( ! old ,italian ma/]s has be5 treat$ 9 a way bo? excell5t 9 itself & ?r\gh\t consi/5tly ) f9e ,art4 ,%e is depict$ "h bo? 9 ! *>act]ization ( h] s\l & h] ext]nal pres5ce z ! fair s9n]1 9 :om ! s9 no less ?an ! sanctity is int5d$ to ex]cise a sort ( fasc9ation on ! spectator4 ,b at ! same "t nei!r s9 nor sanctity are treat$ ) any great int5sity4 ,%e is =giv5 mu* because %e has lov$ mu*1 & h] =giv5ess is 9 a measure ! portion bo? ( h] love & h] beauty4 ,& :at affects u mo/ ( all 9 ?is picture is ?is1 t %e makes = h]self a consci5ce z x 7 out ( h] love1 & rob$ 9 ! beauty ( h] s5sitive s\l p\rs =? h] sorr[ 9 a flood ( te>s4 ,we are n l$ to feel t ! fact t %e has lov$ s mu* is h] error1 b r t h] fair & fasc9at+ folly is ?is1 namely1 t %e believes h]self to be a s9n]1#bdj = h] exquisitely s5sitive beauty only leaves u ! impression t 9 h] love %e is bo? noble & pr(\nd4 7c7 ,miracles & ,leg5ds ,! f9al aspect1 :i* is closely associat$ ) ! two above consid]$1 & is frequ5tly ass]t$ z a concomitant ( bo?1 is t ( miracle4 ,x plays 9 fact an important "p ?r\gh\t ?is /age ( our inquiry4 ,9 ?is connection we may def9e miracle z ! conv]sion-hi/ory ( ! imm$iate exi/5ce ( ,nature4 ,su* reality lies be=e u z a commonplace1 cont+5t exi/5ce4 ,?is f9ite sub/ance is t\*$ by ! h& ( ,god1 :i*1 9 s f> z x /rikes ^u :at is purely ext]nal & p>ticul>1 breaks x up1 transmutes x into some?+ entirely diff]5t1 int]rupt+ :at 9 ord9>y p>lance we call ! natural c\rse ( ?+s4 ,to br+ be=e u ! s\l arre/$ by su* inexplicable ph5om5a1 9 :i* x imag9es x recognizes ! pres5ce ( ! ,div9e1 vanqui%$1 9 %ort1 9 its ord9>y view ( f9ite ev5ts1 ?is is ! ma9 subject-matt] ( a ho/ ( leg5ds4 ,9 fact1 h[ev]1 ! ,div9e c only t\* & dom9ate ,nature z ,reason1 t is1 9 ! unalt]able laws ( ,nature h]self1 z implant$ !re9 by ,god1 & ! ,div9e has no occasion to exploit ,himself 9 ! supreme s5se ( ?is t]m 9 p>ticul> circum/ances & modes ( causation :i* run contr>y to ^! laws ( ,nature1 = x is only ! et]nal laws & det]m9ations ( reason :i* apply 9 any real s5se to ,nature4 ,f ano!r po9t ( view leg5ds frequ5tly c>ry ) !m q unnecess>ily an am\nt ( matt] :i* is ab/ruse1 out ( ta/e1 s5seless1 & ridicul\s1 inasmu* z ! int5tion is t bo? intellect & he>t %\ld be /imulat$ to believe 9 ! pres5ce & activity ( ,god by precisely ^? ?+s :i* are ess5tially irrational1 false1 & hea!ni%4 ,! consequ5t emotion1 piety1 & conv]sion ( ! s\l may ev5 !n awake our int]e/1 b 9 t case x is only on ! "o side1 namely1 t ( ! s\l3 s soon z t ent]s into relation ) some:at else outside x1 & ! idea is t ?is ext]nal correlative %all effect ! conv]sion ( ! he>t1 !n we inevitably require t su* %\ld n be :olly a mean+less & irrational sequ5ce ( ev5ts4 ,su*1 !n1 w\ld be ! fundam5tal divisions ( ! sub/antive cont5t at ?is p>ticul> /age ( our inquiry1 reg>d+ t cont5t z ! self-subsi/5t ,nature ( ,god1 or 9 its aspect z a spiritual process1 ?r\gh :i* & 9 :i* ,he is ,_s4 ,we h "h ! absolute object1 :i* art nei!r creates nor reveals out ( itself1 b :i* x has receiv$ f religion :i* x approa*es ) ! conviction t x is ess5tially true t x may express & repres5t ! same con=mably to its modes4 ,x is ! cont5t ( ! believ+1 ye>n+ s\l1 :i* is intr9sically ! inf9ite totality itself1 s t = x ! ext]nal m$ium rema9s to a m or less degree outside x1 or a matt] ( indiff]5ce1 & is unable to be br\ght completely into h>mony ) t inn] life4 ,& = ?is reason x frequ5tly pres5ts a repell5t mat]ial :i* art f9ds itself unable :olly to subdue to its aims4 ,footnote #bbd3 ,ni*t aufnehm5d4 ,n ready to absorb extrane\s matt]4 ,footnote #bbe3 ,?is ( c\rse is an op9ion :i* may be /rongly conte/$ 9 its application to p>ticul> arti/s4 ,footnote #bbf3 ,hegel means n s mu* ! hi/ory 9 :i* ! :ole totality ( ev5ts is compris$ z t aspect ( human hi/ory :i* decl>es its univ]sal significance z inf9ite _s4 ,footnote #bbg3 ,t is1 ( self-consci\sness 9 all t x implies--! p]sonality ( ,*ri/1 = example4 ,footnote #bbh3 ,hegel does n fur!r dwell ^u ?is relativity4 ,b ! next p>agraph expla9s :at is really 9 8 m9d4 ,! important "q1 h[ev]1 h[ f> su* ev5ts are wor?y ( cr$5ce z objective hi/ory1 to say no?+ ( ! inadequacy ( _! arti/ic pres5tation1 "o _c b feel is delib]ately evad$4 ,:at ,hegel w\ld say no d\bt 0 t ! b>e hi/orical aspect 0 only ( relative importance4 ,! ma9 "q 0 _! significance 9 ! spiritual process4 ,x is 9 ?is direction t mu* ( our noble/ mod]n ?\ght f9ds a c]ta9 indissoluble unreality ( /atem5t4 ,footnote #bbi3 ,t is 9 ,*ri/4 ,footnote #bcj3 ,glei*keit4 ,equality1 reciprocity4 ,footnote #bca3 ,we are rem9d$ ( our treasures 9 ,*ri/ian art su* z ! ,virg9 & ,*ild 9 ,t9toret's ,flight into ,egypt1 ,rafael's ,san1 ,si/o ,madonna & ! re/4 ,footnote #bcb3 ,9 o!r words z reg>d$ at a lat] date by ! ,*ur*4 ,footnote #bcc3 ,?is /atem5t h>dly does ju/ice to ! pr(\nd idealism ( ! epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,footnote #bcd3 ,p]haps ! inf9ite =m ( subjectivity is bett]4 ,he means ! inf9ite =m ( individual self-consci\sness4 ,footnote #bce3 ,t is1 *>act]iz$ by p]sonality4 ,footnote #bcf3 ,ges*i*te4 ,life z an evolv$ ,process4 ,footnote #bcg3 ,comp>e ! poem ( ,m]$i?1 ,!odol9da1 9 8 ballads ( ! ,tragic ,life4 ,x is1 9 ano!r aspect1 t iron cr[n :i* t ?\ghtful contempor>y writ]1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,nev9son1 ref]s to 9 8 ,essays on ,rebellion4 ,footnote #bch3 ,! elim9ation ev5 ( sympa?y ) su* fanaticism :]e x is q s9c]e1 a r>e case no d\bt1 seems sev]e4 ,! be/ illu/ration 9 mod]n lit]ature ,i "k ( ! pr9ciple all or no?+1 is ,ibs5's great drama ,br&t4 ,read]s ( ,c>lyle w d\btless recall f ,pa/ & ,pres5t & else:]e t prophet's repeat$ d5unciations ( ! craze = p]sonal happ9ess4 ,footnote #bci3 ,by intellectuell5 ,befri$igung ,hegel does n mean intellectual 9 a good s5se1 b m]ely t ! man imag9es 8 happ9ess 9 8 m9d r ?an feels x ?r\gh ! s5ses4 ,! psy*ology ( religi\s ec/asy1 h[ev]1 is a r involv$ problem4 ,footnote #bdj3 ,?is analysis is r surpris+4 ,did ,hegel1 ! robu/ ,swabian1 really ?9k ! above ! f9e/ type ( art's pres5tations ( ! ,magdal5e8 ,does x n lean v closely to t s(t s5tim5talism :i* a ,c>lo ,dolci gives u 9 its decad5ce8 ,at any rate ! idea t ! ,magdal5e 0 n really a s9n] flatly contradicts ! orig9al ref]5ces to h] 9 ! gospels1 & to my m9d at any rate seems f ! arti/ic po9t ( view also to de/roy half ! r>e beauty ( h] rep5tance4 ,! pr9ciple ( su* an int]pretation is surely ! entirely pagan "o1 :e!r ,greek or ,fr5*1 t a great passion is its own ju/ification q irrespective ( moral consid]ations4 ,%e is ! hi/orical imp]sonation ( ! frailty ( a love too dep5d5t on ! s5ses1 n ( "o 9 :i* ei!r nobility ( be>+ or extreme selflessness is conspicu\s4 ,hegel's analysis may be true en\gh ( c]ta9 pictures--b d !y really pres5t u ! ideal2 mo/ assur$ly n4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,*ivalry ,! pr9ciple ( ! ess5tially inf9ite subjective consci\sness possesses = ! cont5t ( fai? & art 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 z we h already discov]$1 ! ,absolute itself1 9 o!r words ! ,_s ( ,god z x is m$iat$ & reconcil$ ) ! consci\s _s ( man & !reby is fir/ itself indep5d5tly free4 ,?is romantic my/icism 9 its self-limitation to ! s5se ( bless$ness 9 ! ,absolute ,pres5ce rema9s a mode ( spiritual inw>dness :i* is ab/ract1 because x confronts ! ?+s ( ! _w 9 opposition & rejects ! same4 ,fai? is1 9 an ab/raction ( ?is k9d1 ali5at$ f life1 f ! concrete reality ( human exi/5ce1 remov$ f ! positive relations ( mank9d to "o ano!r1 :o only "k & love ea* o!r 9 fai?1 & = ! sake ( _! belief z completely b\nd toge!r 9 yet a ?ird association1 namely1 ! _s ( ! ,*ri/ community4 ,?is association is alone ! cle> spr+ 9 :i* ! image ( t bless$ness is reflect$1 )\t x be+ necess>y = man to look 8 bro!r fir/ 9 ! face1 to ent] into any direct relation ) ano!r1 or to exp]i5ce ! unity ( love1 ( tru/1 ( confid5ce1 ( mutual aims & actions 9 contact ) ! liv+ concrete pres5ce4 ,t :i* con/itutes ! hope & ye>n+ ( ! inn] life man "h1 9 ?is s5se ( exclusive religi\s intimacy1 c only discov] z actual life 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 9 ! society ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he has n z yet#bda )drawn ?is s+le id5tity 9 a ?ird factor f 8 consci\s life 9 ord] t he may possess all t he is really himself 9 8 entire spiritual concret5ess no less be=e 8 eyes directly 9 ! k & volition ( t o!r :ole4 ,! collective religi\s cont5t1 x is true1 assumes ! mode ( real exi/5ce1 b x is /ill an exi/5ce :i* is locat$ 9 ! ideal _w ( an imag9ation :i* consumes ! exp&+ b\nd>ies ( actual life4 ,x is /ill f> away f attempt+ to satisfy its own life also 9 t abundance :i* x receives f ! _w & its realization 9 ! _w z ! high] dem& 9 ! m$ium ( life itself4 ,x foll[s t ! s\l :i* f\nd its initial consummation 9 ! simple feel+ ( ,div9e bless$ness mu/ /ep =? f ?is heav5ly k+dom peculi> to ! religi\s sph]e1 mu/ und]take ! ef=t ( self-introspection & assimilate a cont5t :i* is1 z vitally pres5t1 adequate to ! dem&s ( ! individual consci\sness 9 its fulle/ ext5sion4 ,& 9 ?is process t :i* 0 be=e a religi\s coalesc5ce ( s\l is *ang$ to "o ( secul> type4 ,*ri/ inde$ said2 ,ye mu/ leave fa!r & "m1 & foll[ ,me4 ,& 9 ! l _s3 ,bro!r %all hate bro!r2 m5 %all crucify y & p]secute y4 ,b z soon z ! k+dom ( ,god has secur$ a foo?old 9 ! _w1 & is actively employ$ 9 transfus+ ) its _s & illum9+ ! aims & int]e/s ( t _w2 :5 fa!r1 "m1 & bro!r are already numb]$ 9 ! community1 !n ! ?+s ( ! _w on _! side comm5ce to ass]t _! j claim to recognition & fur!rance4 ,if ?is claim is n m]ely f\ght = b v9dicat$ !n also ! negative attitude ( ! religi\s _s1 :i* 0 at fir/ exclusively ho/ile to all t 0 m]ely human1 vani%es2 ! _s ( man enl>ges1 x explores ! full scope ( its actual pres5ce1 & unfolds its he>t 9 ! entire _w ( reality#bdb4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple suff]s no alt]ation2 ! sub/antive & inf9ite self-consci\sness m]ely directs its att5tion to ano!r prov9ce ( its own k+dom4 ,we may p]haps def9e ?is transition 9 ! /atem5t t ! individual s+ul>ity is n[ z su* s+ul>ity indep5d5t ( its m$iation ) ,god & self-subsi/5tly free4 ,= precisely 9 t m$iation1 :]eby x dive/$ itself ( its purely f9ite limitation & natural life1 x has pass$ ov] ! pa? ( m]e negation1 & reappe>s aft] hav+ ?us secur$ an ess5tially affirmative position1 9 ! condition ( a consci\sness t is free & z su* makes ! dem& t x %all1 9 virtue ( its own inf9itude1 ?\gh ! inf9itude is "h only 9 ! fir/ in/ance "o ( pure =m1 secure complete recognition bo? = itself & o!rs4 ,9 ?is ! religi\s mode ( ! individual consci\sness is repos$ ! entire spiritual weal? ( ! inf9ite s\l1 :i* x has hi!rto fill$ up ) ,god4 ,if we1 h[ev]1 made ! inquiry1 ( :at mat]ial ! he>t ( man is suffus$ 9 ?is its inw>d repletion1 su* a cont5t m]ely conc]ns ! inf9ite relation ( ! subjective consci\sness 9 its active self-relation2 x is simply replete ) its own =mal m$ium1 t is1 z ess5tially inf9ite s+ul>ity )\t fur!r & m concrete expansion & significance z a cont5t ( int]e/s1 aims1 & actions :i* is itself ess5tially objective & sub/antive#bdc4 ,if we fur!r exam9e ! matt]1 h[ev]1 m closely we %all see !re are 9 ! ma9 ?ree emotions1 :i* 9 _! indep5d5ce rise up 9 ! individual s\l to ! level ( ?is inf9ite mode1 namely p]sonal hon\r1 love1 & fidelity4 ,!y are n s mu* moral qualities & virtues z simply modes :i* in=m ! intimate pres5ce ( ! individual s\l :5 fulfill$ ) its own self-relation z su* is recogniz$ by romance4 ,= ! p]sonal self-subsi/5cy = :i* hon\r cont5ds does n ass]t itself z intrepitude on behalf ( a communal weal1 & ! repute ( ?or\ghness 9 relation to x & integrity ( private life4 ,on ! contr>y x cont5ds simply = ! recognition & =mal inviolability ( ! individual p]son4 ,! same pr9ciple applies to love1 :i* =ms ! c5tral subject-matt] ( ?is sph]e4 ,x is m]ely ! adv5titi\s passion ( "o individual = ano!r2 & h[ev] mu* x may exp& "u ! w& ( imag9ation or may be deep5$ by excess ( emotion1 x is = all t nei!r ! e?ical relation ( m>riage or family4 ,fidelity possesses no d\bt m ! appe>ance ( a moral "*1 inasmu* z x does n m]ely w its own b holds fa/ to some?+ high]1 some?+ %>$ ) itself1 surr5d]s itself to ano!r's w1 :e!r x be ! wi% or behe/ ( a ma/]1 & !reby r5\nces ! p]sonal desire & indep5d5ce ( its own p>ticul> volition4 ,b ! feel+ ( loyalty does n conc]n ! objective int]e/ ( ! social weal 9 its indep5d5t =m1 t is1 9 ! concrete fre$om ( ! develop$ /ate life1 b associates itself m]ely ) ! p]son ( a ma/]1 :o1 9 8 own fa%ion1 acts ) indep5d5ce1 or conc5trates himself 9 m g5]al relations & is active on _! behalf#bdd4 ,^! ?ree modes ( feel+ tak5 toge!r & z !y reciprocally affect "o ano!r con/itute ) ! exception ( ! religi\s relation1 :i* also has its "p to play "h1 ! pr9cipal cont5t ( *ivalry1 & furni% ! necess>y /eps ( advance f ! pr9ciple ( purely religi\s en?usiasm to ! entrance ( ! individual s\l into ! concrete social life ( ! _w1 9 ! k+dom ( :i* romantic art n[ secures a plat=m on :i* x c f its own res\rces "w out its indep5d5ce1 & at ! same "t embody a fre] type ( beauty4 ,x /&s "h1 s to speak1 9 ! free room midway betwe5 ! absolute cont5t ( ! indep5d5tly /able religi\s conceptions & ! v>i$ p>ticul>ity & re/rict$ b\nd>ies ( ! f9ite _w4 ,among ! v>i\s arts x is pre-em95tly poetry :i* has %[n itself mo/ qualifi$ to ma/] su* a mat]ial1 its modes ( expression be+ direct$ to ! life ( ! s\l z :olly occupi$ ) its own doma9 & z realiz$ 9 its aims & ev5ts4 ,inasmu* z we n[ h be=e u a mat]ial :i* man takes possession ( 9 8 own spiritual life1 or r1 f ! _w ( 8 pure humanity1 we might at fir/ suppose t romantic art occupi$ ! same gr\nd z t ( classic art4 ,?is1 !re=e1 is an excell5t opportunity = plac+ !m toge!r bo? 9 comp>ison & contra/4 ,we h already def9$ classical art ! ,ideal ( humanity c]tifi$ z true 9 its objective self-subsi/5ce4 ,its imag9ative vitality requires z its core a cont5t :i* is sub/antive 9 type & excludes an e?ical pa?os4 ,! ,hom]ic poems1 ! trag$ies ( ,sophocles & ,aes*ylus1 are 9 ! ma9 conc]n$ ) int]e/s ( an absolutely factual cont5t1 an au/]e treatm5t ( ! passions reflect$ !re91 a solid /yle ( spee* & execution 9 con=mity ) ! nature ( ! ideas express$1 & above ?is doma9 ( h]oes & o!r figures :i* alone are 9 _! individual self-conc5tration at home 9 su* an atmosph]e ( pa?os we h ! realm ( ! gods at a /ill m advanc$ /age ( objective pres5tm5t4 ,ev5 9 ! case :]e art1 9 m introspective fa%ion1 is occupi$ ) ! inf9ite exp]im5ts ( sculpture1 bas-reliefs & simil> =ms1 or ! lat] elegies1 epigrams1 & o!r div]sions ( lyrical poetry1 we /ill h ! same type be=e u1 t is to say1 ! type :i* portrays ! object m or less z x f9ds x1 & ob$i5t to ! claim t x already has secur$ its con/ructive pres5tm5t4 ,we h1 9 %ort1 repres5t$ figures ( ! imag9ation already e/abli%$ & def9$ 9 _! *>act]ization su* z ,v5us1 ,bac*us1 or ! ,muses4 ,x is j ! same ) ! lat] epigrams1 :]e we get ! description ( a mat]ial already to h& or1 z 9 ! case ( ,meleag]1 a posy ( well-kn[n fl[]s1 b\nd toge!r ) ! cords ( exquisite feel+ & ta/e4 ,x is1 9 %ort1 an exhil>at+ mode ( activity c>ri$ on 9 a weal?ily furni%$ h\se ov]fl[+ 9 its /ores ) e k9d ( b\nty1 image & provision = e conceivable object4 ,! poet & ! arti/ is simply ! magician1 :o wafts !m into use1 collects & gr\ps !m4 ,x is :olly diff]5t 9 romantic poetry4 ,9 s f> z x is ( ! _w worldly1 & is n directly associat$ ) ! /ory ( our ,"l1 ! virtues & objects ( its h]oism are n ^? ( ! ,greek h]oes1 ^: type ( morality ,*ri/5dom 9 its e>ly days simply reg>d$ z a brilliant enormity4 ,greek morality presupposes ! pres5ce ( humanity 9 its complete configuration1 9 :i* ! volition !n & !re z x ought to act con=mably to its ess5tial notion ( indep5d5ce has receiv$ a def9ite cont5t & ! actual conditions ( fre$om imp]atively valid su* z belong to t cont5t4 ,su* are ! relations ( p>5ts & *ildr51 m>ri$ p]sons1 or ( citiz5s ( city or ,/ate 9 ! realiz$ lib]ty ( su*4 ,n[ inasmu* z ?is objective cont5t ( human affairs belongs to ! evolution ( man's _s on ! basis ( ,nature cogniz$ & insur$ z actual fact1 x is unable any long] to satisfy t self-absorb$ introspection ( ! religi\s life1 :i* seeks to de/roy ! natural aspect ( human life1 & mu/ deviate consid]ably f ! virtue ( humility :i* opposes x1 & ! surr5d] ( human fre$om & its /aun* self-dep5d5ce4 ,! virtues ( ,*ri/ian piety simply prove ! dea? ( su* a _w-attitude if held 9 _! extreme ( ab/raction1 & only make ! individual free1 :5 he absolutely d5ies ! human "p ( him4 ,! individual fre$om ( our pres5t sph]e is no d\bt no long] condition$ by m]e endurance & self-sacrifice b ess5tially positive 9 ! _w ar5a2 t inf9ite self-relation ( ! individual has1 h[ev]1 z we h already discov]$1 ! inw>d realm ( ! s\l z its cont5t & only t1 ! subjective s\l1 t is1 ^: movem5t is 9 its own peculi> m$ium1 z ! secul> gr\nd ( its own doma94 ,9 ?is connection poetry does n draw f any objective mat]ial already pres5t$ x1 no my?ology1 = in/ance1 no imag9ative pictures & embodim5ts1 :i* already lie ready wait+ = its expression4 ,x /&s !re :olly free1 )\t any extrane\s matt]1 purely creative & productive4 ,x is free z a bird t s+s /raight f its brea/4 ,x foll[s1 !n1 if ?is subjective activity proce$s also f a noble w & a pr(\nd s\l1 we %all m]ely h 9 its work+s & relations & exi/5ce ! evid5ce ( caprice & cont+5cy1 = ! reason t fre$om & its aims proce$1 relatively to a cont5t :i* is ?r\gh\t immat]ial1 f int]nal self-reflection4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 we d n f9d s mu* 9 individuals a p>ticul> pa?os 9 ! ,greek conception ( ! t]m & a vital self-subsi/5cy ( "* associat$ ) x by ! close/ bonds1 z t :i* is simply a grade ( h]oic conception 9 its connection ) love1 hon\r1 brav]y1 & fidelity2 a grade into :i* x is ma9ly ! nobility or depravity ( s\l :i* imports ! di/+ui%+ features4 ,! *>act]i/ic trait1 h[ev]1 :i* ! h]oes ( ! ,middle ,ages possess 9 common ) ^? ( antiquity is t ( brav]y4 ,yet ev5 ?is receives a totally diff]5t complexion4 ,x is n s mu* a natural c\rage1 :i* reposes on ! "* t is sane & s\nd1 & fl[s =? f ! gr[? ( an unimpair$ robu/ness ( body & w1 assi/+ ! execution ( objective int]e/s4 ,r x is ! outcome ( ! secret weal? ( ! s\l1 its hon\r & *ivalry1 & is 9 ! ma9 a creation ( ! phantasy1 :i* und]takes adv5tures t h _! orig9 9 individual caprice & ! *ance intricacies ( ext]nal circum/ance or ! impulses ( my/ical piety1 & we may add g5]ally ! p]sonal attitude ( ! individual4 ,?is romantic type ( art f9ds a home1 !n1 9 two hemisph]es1 9 ! ,we/]n _w z ?is p5etration into ! m intimate %r9e ( ,_s1 9 ! ,ea/]n ?is its fir/ expansion ( ! self-absorb$ consci\sness z x frees itself f ! f9ite environm5t4 ,9 ! ,we/ poetry reposes on a s\l :i* is )drawn ^u its res\rces1 :i* has become ! c5tre ( its activity1 yet possesses ?is flav\r ( secul>ly m]ely z "o "p ( its complexion1 z "o aspect1 ov] :i* is sup]pos$ a yet l(ti] _w ( belief4 ,9 ! ,ea/ x is ! ,arab above all1 :o z a solit>y1#bde :o 9 ! fir/ in/ance has no?+ be=e 8 eyes b 8 dri$-up des]t & 8 heav5s1 /&s =? 9 ! full /r5g? ( life z ! proclaim] ( ! spl5d\r & prim>y ext5sion ( ! _w ( ,nature1 & !reby /ill pres]ves at ! same "t ! fre$om ( 8 s\l4 ,& g5]ally we may say t 9 ! ,ori5t x is ! ,mohamm$an religion1 :i* has cle>$ ! gr\nd1 made an end ( all idolatry 9 ! s]vice ( f9ite ?+s or ! imag9ation1 & giv5 ! s\l at ! same "t ! p]sonal fre$om1 :i* :olly floods ! same1 s t ! secul>ity does n "h only con/itute ano!r prov9ce1 b runs beyond x into ! univ]sal lic5ce1 :]e he>t & m9d1 )\t ascrib+ any objective reality to ,god1 f9d _! reconciliation 9 ! jubilant lu/ ( liv+ j l begg>s by ?r[+ ! glory ( _! fancy on ! objects ar\nd !m3 enjoy _! loves & are happy1 bless$1 & cont5t$4 #a4 ,,hon\r ,! motive ( hon\r 0 unkn[n to anci5t classic art4 ,9 ! ,iliad x is q true t ! wra? ( ,a*illes con/itutes bo? ! cont5t & ! motive pr9ciple1 s t ! entire s]ies ( ev5ts is dep5d5t ^u x2 b :at we mod]ns und]/& by ! t]m hon\r is n grasp$ "h at all4 ,a*illes believes himself to be insult$ to all int5ts & purposes only 9 ! fact t ! %>e 9 ! booty :i* he consid]s ju/ly to belong to him & ! rew>d ( 8 p]sonal m]its1 8 1 has be5 tak5 away by ,agamemnon4 ,! insult "h has a direct ref]5ce to some?+ actual1 a b\nty1 9 :i* no d\bt a privilege1 a recognition ( fame & brav]y 0 repos$1 & ,a*illes is enrag$ because ,agamemnon meets him unwor?ily & lets ! ,greeks "k t !y are n to pay any att5tion to him4 ,an insult ( ?is k9d is n driv5 home to ! real c5tre ( p]sonality 9 its ab/ract purity2 9 fact ,a*illes expresses himself satisfi$ ) ! re/itution ( ! abduct$ slave & ! addition ( o!r goods & b\nties1 & ,agamemnon f9ally makes ?is rep>ation al?\gh f our po9t ( view !y h bo? insult$ "o ano!r 9 ! grosse/ fa%ion4 ,mal$ictions ( ?is k9d1 h[ev]1 h only made !m angry2 &1 aft] all1 ! p>ticul> insult1 :i* has ref]5ce to a matt] ( fact1 is done away ) 9 ! same matt] ( fact fa%ion4 7a7 ,! hon\r ( romance is1 on ! contr>y1 ( ano!r k9d4 ,insult has no ref]5ce "h to ! factual values ( real ?+s1 prop]ty1 /atus1 obligation1 etc41 b to p]sonality simply1 & its idea ( its own importance1 ! "w :i* ! individual claims z 8 "r4 ,?is wor? is 9 ! cases we are n[ discuss+ ( an inf9ite significance equal to t ( p]sonality itself4 ,9 hon\r1 !re=e1 man possesses ! e>lie/ positive consci\sness ( 8 inf9ite spiritual m$ium1 indep5d5t ( ! cont5t4 ,:at ! individual has1 :at 9 him some?+ peculi> creates1 aft] ! loss ( :i* x may yet subsi/ precisely z x did be=e--9 ?is elusive some?+ ! absolute validity ( ! entire subjective life is repos$ & appreh5d$ 9 x bo? = itself & o!rs4 ,! det]m9+ measure ( hon\r !re=e does n dep5d on :at ! individual really is1 b on :at is conta9$ 9 ?is p]sonal self-reg>d4 ,?is reg>d1 h[ev]1 raises all p>ticul>ity to ! level ( ! univ]sal conception t ! p]sonal core 9 its full significance resides 9 ?is p>ticul>ity :i* x claims z its own4 ,hon\r is m]ely an outw>d %[ x is sometimes said4 ,no d\bt ?is is s3 b f our pres5t po9t ( view we mu/1 if we look at x m n>r[ly1 accept x z ! appe>ance & reappe>ance ( ! p]sonal m$ium self-reflect$1 :i* z ! semblance ( an entity ess5tially inf9ite is itself inf9ite4 ,& ?r\gh ?is inf9itude x is j ?is %[ or semblance ( hon\r :i* is ! real exi/5ce ( ! individual1 its highe/ actuality2 & e p>ticul> quality1 into :i* hon\r is reflect$ & appropriates z its own is by virtue ( ?is %[ exalt$ itself to an inf9ite wor?4 ,?is type ( hon\r con/itutes a fundam5tal det]m9ant 9 ! romantic _w1 & presupposes t man has n m]ely pass$ beyond ! limits ( purely religi\s conception & inw>d life1 b actually ent]$ ! ar5a ( ! great _w & makes itself vital 9 ! mat]ial ( ! same simply by virtue ( ! pure m$ium ( its p]sonal self-subsi/5ce & absolute int5sion#bdf4 ,! cont5t ( hon\r may be ( ! mo/ v>i$ k9d4 ,= ev]y?+ t ,i am1 d1 or is done to me by o!rs affects my hon\r4 ,we may consequ5tly reckon )9 its b\nd>ies ! out & out sub/antive itself1 loyalty t[>ds pr9ces1 fa!rl&1 a man's pr(ession1 fulfilm5t ( obligations1 m>ital fidelity1 integrity 9 bus9ess affairs & consci5ti\sness 9 sci5tific rese>*4 ,= ! po9t ( view ( hon\r1 h[ev]1 all ^! ess5tially valid & v]itable relations are nei!r sanction$ nor recogniz$ 9 & ?r\gh !mselves1 b only s f> z ! individual reposes 9 !m 8 p]sonal relation & makes !m !reby matt]s affect+ 8 hon\r4 ,a man ( hon\r consequ5tly always ?9ks fir/ ( all ab\t himself1 & ! "q = him is n if any?+ is on pr9ciple "r or n1 b :e!r x is ! "r ?+ = him to d1 :e!r x becomes him !n z a man ( hon\r to make himself ma/] 9 x & to /& by x4 ,& consequ5tly he may also p]petrate ! wor/ actions & /ill be a man ( hon\r4 ,he creates at ! same "t objects at w1 imag9es himself ( a specific "*1 & appropriates to himself1 bo? z he sees himself & is se5 by o!rs1 t :i* 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s has no?+ to d ) him at all4 ,ev5 !n x is n ! natural fact1 b ! p]sonal view ( x :i* places difficulties & devolutions 9 ! pa?1 because x has become an affair ( hon\r to ma9ta9 t "*4 ,s1 to take an example1 ,donna ,diana conceives x to be d]ogatory to h] hon\r to confess 9 any way ! love %e feels1 because %e has pl$g$ h]self n to li/5 to love4 ,9 g5]al we may say1 !n1 t ! cont5t ( love is at ! m]cy ( accid5t1 because its validity dep5ds purely on ! p]sonal attitude1 & is n direct$ by t :i* is ! ess5tial mode ( ! inn] life itself4 ,= ?is reason we may obs]ve t 9 romantic repres5tations on ! "o h& t :i* is on pr9ciple ju/ifiable is express$ z ! law ( hon\r1 ! individual associat+ ) ! consci\sness ( "r at ! same "t ! inf9ite self-consci\s unit ( 8 p]sonality4 ,:at is !n express$ by ! /atem5t t hon\r makes su* & su* a dem&1 or =bids x1 is ?is t ! entire p]sonal attitude ( consci\sness implants itself )9 ! cont5t ( su* a dem& or prohibition s t no trespass 9 any transaction c fail to attract its att5tion )\t a repair & re/oration be+ effect$2 & we may add ! individual is unable to att5d to any o!r cont5t4 ,conv]sely1 h[ev]1 hon\r may resolve itself into some?+ :olly =mal & cont5tless1 9 s f> z x conta9s no?+ b ! %ell ( ! ,ego1 :i* is =mally inf9ite1 or only accepts an entirely bad cont5t z obligatory ^u x4 ,9 ?is case1 m p>ticul>ly 9 dramatic repres5tations1 hon\r rema9s b a :olly fro/y & unvitaliz$ object3 its aims express no long] an ess5tial cont5t b simply an ab/ract =m ( consci\sness4 ,b x is only an ess5tially sub/antive cont5t :i* possesses ! cont+5cy ( law1 & is capable ( explication 9 its multifold environm5t1 & c be appreh5d$ 9 its imp]ative sequ5ce ( consequ5ces4 ,?is defect 9 pr(\nd cont5t especially rises to ! surface :5 casui/ry ( reflection includes )9 ! embrace ( hon\r matt] :i* is purely accid5tal & insignificant :i* ! individual comes 9 contact )4 ,!re is nev] a lack ( mat]ial1 because ?is casui/ical t5d5cy analyses ) great subtlety 9 its modes ( di/9ction1 & _m aspects may be elicit$ & made ! subject ( hon\r :i* 9 !mselves are q unimportant ,above all ! ,spani>ds h elaborat$ ?is casui/ry ( reflection ov] matt]s ( hon\r 9 _! dramatic poetry1 & made _! p>ticul> h]oes ( hon\r d$uce all _! consequ5ces 9 _! spee*es4 ,9 ?is way ! fidelity ( ! m>ri$ woman may =m a subject ( inve/igation into ! m9ute/ details1 & ! m]e suspicion ( ano!r1 nay1 ! possibility ( su* ev5 :5 ! husb& is aw>e t ! suspicion is false may be an affair ( hon\r4 ,if ?is leads to collisions we c d]ive no real satisfaction f ! process1 because we h no?+ ( mat]ial mom5t to arre/ u1 & consequ5tly in/ead ( ! resolution ( an antagonism :i* is causally inevitable we c only extract f x a pa9fully contract$ feel+4 ,also 9 ,fr5* plays we frequ5tly f9d t x is an hon\r :i* is b>r51 t is entirely ab/ract1 :i* is made ! ess5tial fulcrum ( int]e/ ,/ill m extreme is ?is ess5tially fro/like & lifeless type ( x app>5t 9 ! drama ,al>cos ( ,h]r ,fri$ri* von ,s*legel4 ,! h]o "h murd]s 8 noble & lov+ wife4 ,& we ask :y4 ,simply = hon\r's sake2 & ?is hon\r consi/s 9 ?is t he may m>ry ! k+'s daught]1 = :om he ent]ta9s no affection1 & ?us become ! k+'s son-9-law4 ,su* a patt]n is ( c\rse contemptible & an ignoble conception :i* m]ely prides itself z some?+ l(ty & ( inf9ite int5sion4 7b7 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z hon\r is n only a semblance 9 me myself1 b mu/ also exi/ 9 ! m9d & recognition ( ano!r1 :i* aga9 on its "p makes a claim to a simil> hon\rable recognition1 hon\r is ! extreme embodim5t ( vuln]ability4 ,= x is purely a matt] ( p]sonal caprice h[ f> ,i *oose to ext5d ! claim & to :at mat]ial ,i c>e to relate x4 ,! smalle/ (f5ce may be 9 ?is respect ( significance2 & inasmu* z man is plac$ relatively to concrete reality 9 ! mo/ manifold relations ) a ?\s& ?+s1 & is able to ext5d practically )\t limit ! sph]e ( t :i* he conceives to affect him1 & to :i* he is plac$ 9 ! relation ( hon\r x foll[s t :5 we come to deal ) ! indep5d5ce ( mank9d & ! ob/9ate isolation ( _! units1 aspects = :i* ! pr9ciple ( hon\r is 9 ! ma9 responsible1 !re is no end to ! /rife & cont5tion to :i* !y give rise4 ,moreov]1 9 ! case ( insult also no less ?an 9 t ( hon\r g5]ally1 ! important matt] is n ! cont5t1 9 :i* ,i necess>ily feel myself insult$2 = t :i* is negat$ has ref]5ce to ! p]sonality :i* has appropriat$ su* a cont5t z its own1 & n[ conceives itself z ?is ideal c5trum ( inf9ity attack$4 7c7 ,= su* reasons e insult to hon\r is reg>d$ z ess5tially ( an inf9ite significance4 ,x c consequ5tly only be repair$ by means :i* possess t "*4 ,no d\bt we may h _m degrees ( insult1 & z _m modes ( satisfaction2 :at h[ev] at ! /age we are n[ consid]+ any man may take z an insult1 h[ f> he w feel himself z insult$ & claim satisfaction !re=e1 su* consid]ations dep5d once m :olly on ! p]sonal caprice ( ! p>ticul> p]son1 :i* is ju/ifi$ 9 pursu+ its object to ! utmo/ po9t ( scrupulosity & outrag$ feel+4 ,9 ?is process ( satisfaction1 :i* is "h claim$1 x is ess5tial t ! man :o deliv]s ! insult no less ?an he :o receives x %\ld be recogniz$ z a man ( hon\r4 ,= ! latt] requires ! free recognition ( 8 hon\r f ! =m]2 b 9 ord] to h hon\r 9 8 eyes & ?r\gh 8 action t man mu/ appe> to ! recipi5t ( insult z a man ( hon\r1 9 o!r words he mu/ sub/antiate by virtue ( 8 p]sonality ! inf9ite "* ( ! insult :i* he has laid ^u ! outrag$ man & despite 8 p]sonal enmity t is !reby direct$ aga9/ him4 ,x is1 !n1 a fundam5tal det]m9ant 9 ! g5]al pr9ciple ( hon\r t no "o ?r\gh 8 actions c give to any "o a "r ov] himself2 & consequ5tly all t he has done & may h initiat$ w be reg>d$ bo? previ\s to its comm5cem5t & aft] its conclusion z unalt]ably affiliat$ to inf9ity1 & w be accept$ & treat$ "u su* a qualitative relation4 ,moreov]1 s9ce hon\r1 9 its conflicts & its satisfaction 9 ?is respect1 dep5ds on p]sonal indep5d5ce1 :i* is consci\s ( itself z subject to no limitation1 b acts directly f its own res\rces1 we f9d a fact recur to our att5tion1 :i* we previ\sly obs]v$ fundam5tally *>act]iz$ ! h]oic figures ( ! ,ideal1 namely ! self-subsi/5ce ( individuality4 ,9 hon\r1 h[ev]1 we h n m]ely ! secure self-dep5d5ce & action f p]sonal res\rces1 b ?is self-subsi/5ce is 9 ?is case unit$ ) ! idea ( itself2 & x is j ?is preconception :i* con/itutes ! real cont5t ( hon\r 9 ! s5se t x p]ceives :at is its own 9 t :i* is pres5t$ ext]ior to x1 & envisages itself !re9 to ! full ext5t ( its p]sonal life4 ,hon\r is consequ5tly a self-subsi/5ce1 :i* is a self reflection1 & possesses 9 su* a reflection its exclusive ess5ce1 & moreov] leaves x :olly to accid5t :e!r its cont5t be t :i* is ess5tially moral & necess>y1 or cont+5t & insignificant4 #b4 ,,love ,! second emotional s\rce :i* plays a pr$om9ant "p 9 ! productions ( romantic art is love4 7a7 ,we h f\nd 9 hon\r t ! individual consci\s life1 z x prefigures itself 9 its absolute indep5d5ce1 =ms ! fundam5tal det]m9ant2 9 a simil> way ! highe/ attitude ( love is ! surr5d] ( ! p]sonal life to "s object ( ! oppos$ sex1 a sacrifice ( its indep5d5t consci\sness & its p]sonal isolation1 :i* = ! fir/ "t 9 ! consci\sness ( ano!r1 is aw>e emotionally t x has ?or\ghly br\ght home to itself its own self-k4 ,9 ?is respect we may contra/ love & hon\r4 ,conv]sely1 h[ev]1 we are entitl$ to reg>d love z ! realization ( t :i* 0 already inh]5t 9 hon\r1 9 s f> z hon\r claims recognition#bdg t x %\ld be receiv$ 9 ano!r z ! inf9ite significance ( p]sonality4 ,?is recognition is only true & complete :5 x is n m]ely my p]sonality 9 ! ab/ract1 or 9 a concrete & consequ5tly re/rict$ case1 is respect$ by ano!r1 b :5 ,i1 9 !' entire significance ( my p]sonal res\rces1 ) ev]y?+ ?is ei!r emphasizes or includes1 z ?is p>ticul> p]son 9 all my pa/1 pres5t1 & future relations1 bo? p5etrate ! consci\s life ( ano!r1 &1 9 fact1 con/itute ! object ( 8 real volition & k1 8 ef=t & 8 prop]ty4 ,9 ?is respect x is ?is same inw>d inf9itude ( ! individual :i* makes love ( su* importance to romantic art1 an importance :i* is mat]ially enhanc$ by ! exalt$ "* ( ! weal? :i* ! notion ( love itself c>ries4 ,m closely1 !n1 love does n subsi/1 z may frequ5tly happ5 9 ! case ( hon\r1 ^u ! subject-matt] ( ! m9d & ! casui/ry ( reflection1 b orig9ates 9 ! emotions1 & = ! reason t "h ! di/9ctions ( sex play an important "p1 possesses at ! same "t = its basis natural conditions z already relat$ to _s life4 ,?is basis is1 h[ev]1 only pres5t 9 ! s5se t ! individual comes into relation ) su* conditions by way ( 8 s\l-life1 t ess5tially inf9ite aspect ( himself4 ,?is /ate ( a man's los+ 8 own consci\sness 9 ano!r1 ?is appe>ance ( dis9t]e/$ness & unselfi%ness1 by virtue ( :i* a man fir/ really f9ds himself & comes to himself--?is oblivion ( 8 own1 s t ! lov] no long] exi/s1 or is c>eful = himself1 b discov]s ! roots ( t life 9 ano!r1 & yet only comes into ! full enjoym5t ( himself 9 t o!r is :at gives u ! inf9ite relation ( love2 & we mu/ look = beauty ma9ly 9 s f> z ?is feel+ does n p]si/ z m]e impulse & emotion1 b ?r\gh ! imag9ation makes its _w con=m to su* a condition1 exalts ev]y?+ :i* o!rwise belongs by virtue ( its int]e/1 circum/ances1 & objects to real exi/5ce & life1 into an adornm5t ( ?is feel+1 be>s away all else into ! *>m$ circle1 & only atta*es a value to x 9 ?is relation4 ,m p>ticul>ly x is 9 female *>act]s t love appe>s 9 mo/ beautiful guise because ?is sacrifice1 ?is surr5d]1 is ) !m z ! culm9ation ( ev]y?+ else4 ,x is ^! qualities1 9 fact1 :i* conc5trate & ext5d life 9 its spiritual bread? & reality to ! weal? ( ?is emotion1 :i* alone discov] )9 x a /ay = exi/5ce1 & if any mis=tune sweeps across ! pa?1 vani% l a light :i* is ext+ui%$ by ! fir/ rude brea?#bdh4 ,9 ?is p]sonal & intimate s5se ( feel+ love is n pres5t$ 9 classical art1 & only appe>s z a feature ( q second>y importance = ! repres5tation1 or is only conspicu\s "u its aspect ( physical enjoym5t4 ,9 ,hom]1 ei!r we f9d x is n emphasiz$ at all1 or love appe>s 9 its mo/ respect$ type z w$d$ love 9 ! sph]e ( ! dome/ic /ate1 exemplifi$ 9 ! figure ( ,p5elope1 or z solicitude ( wife & "m1 exemplifi$ 9 ! case ( ,&roma*e1 or 9 o!r e?ical relations ( a simil> "*4 ,! tie1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* unites ,p>is to ,hel5 is recogniz$ z immoral1 & ! cause ( ! horror & fatal c\rse ( ! ,trojan w>4 ,! love1 too1 ( ,a*illes = ,briseis has little dep? ( s5tim5t or spiritual flav\r1 = ,briseis is a slave entirely at 8 disposition4 ,9 ! odes ( ,sappho x is true t ! language ( love receives ! dramatic emphasis ( lyrical en?usiasm2 yet x is r ! ins9uat+ & dev\r+ flame ( ! blood :i* is "h express$ ?an ! pr(\nd emotion ( ! s+]'s he>t & s\l4 ,f ano!r aspect we f9d 9 ! %ort & *>m+ odes ( ,anacreon a wid] & m jovial s5se ( enjoym5t1 :i* sports ) delight on ! imm$iate s5se ( enjoym5t z ov] some?+ to be simply accept$ z x falls )\t tr\bl+ itself ) inf9ite he>ta*es1 )\t ?is ov]ma/]+ ( ! entire life or ! pi\s submission ( a burd5$1 ye>n+1 & yield+ s\l2 9 ?is type ! po9t ( inf9ite importance :e!r x is precisely ?is or t girl :i* y possess is z absolutely disreg>d$ z ! monki% notion t y %\ld %un maid5hood altoge!r4 ,! l(ty trag$y ( ! anci5ts does n recognize ! passion ( love 9 its romantic significance4 ,pre-em95tly 9 ! case ( bo? ,aes*ylus & ,sophocles we f9d t x makes no pret5sion to contribute to ! ma9 int]e/ ( ! drama4 ,= al?\gh ,antigone is ! accept$ lov] ( ,haemon1 & ,haemon claims h] be=e 8 fa!r1 nay1 goes to ! l5g? ( committ+ suicide because he is unable to deliv] h]1 yet x is ! ext]nal aspects ( ! case r ?an ! p[] ( 8 own p]sonal passion1 :i*1 we may also note1 is n t ( a mod]n lov]1 :i* he emphasizes be=e ,creon4 ,z a m ess5tial type ( pa?os love is treat$ by ,euripides 9 ! ,pha$ra4 ,b "h1 too1 x r makes itself felt z a crim9al ab]ration ( ! blood1 z a passion ( ! s5ses1 initiat$ by ,aphrodite1 :o is desir\s ( slay+ ,hippolytus1 because he refuses to sacrifice to h]4 ,9 ! same way we h1 no d\bt1 9 ! ,m$icean ,aphrodite a pla/ic figure ( love1 ^: exquisite pose & lovely elaboration ( bodily =m is q consummate2 b any pr(\nd expression ( s\l-life su* z romantic art dem&s is :olly abs5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! immortality ( ,petr>ca1 al?\gh he himself treat$ 8 sonnets 9 ! light ( recreation1 & x 0 r ?r\gh 8 ,lat9 poems & o!r works t he appeal$ to po/]ity1 is due to ?is v love ( ! fancy :i*1 "u an ,italian sky1 jo9$ si/]ly h&s ) religion 9 ! m$ium ( a some:at artificial outp\r+ ( ! he>t4 ,dante's exaltation1 too1 orig9at$ 9 8 love = ,beatrice1 :i* 0 transfigur$ 9 8 s\l to ! :ite f]v\r ( religi\s ec/asy1 :ile ! c\rage & boldness ( 8 g5ius creat$ en]getically a religi\s outlook on ! _w1 9 :i* he d>$1 an attempt impossible )\t su* gifts1 to con/itute himself ! judge ( mank9d1 & to apportion to individuals hell1 purgatory1 or p>adise4 ,9 contra/ to an exaltation ( ?is k9d love is plac$ be=e u by ,boccaccio 9 ^? romances ( 81 9 :i* he br+s be=e our eyes ! morals & life ( 8 c\ntry1 p>tly 9 all its impetuosity ( passion1 p>tly1 too1 9 ! _s ( frivolity )\t any e?ical aim :atev]4 ,9 ! songs ( ! ,g]man ,m9nes+]s we f9d a type ( love1 s5sitive1 t5d]1 )\t mu* g5]osity ( imag9ation1 sportive1 melan*oly1 & monoton\s4 ,among ! ,spani>ds x is copi\s 9 imag9ative expression1 *ivalr\s1 some:at casui/ical 9 its discov]y & def5ce ( rights & duties1 s f> z !y relate to private affairs ( hon\r2 & 9 ?is respect also possesses all ! ri*e/ spl5d\r ( en?usiasm4 ,9 contra/ to ?is among ,fr5*m5 ( m mod]n times love is m an affair ( gallantry ) a di/9ct bias t[>d vanity1 an artificial /ate ( feel+ conv]t$ to ! uses ( poetry ) a k9d ( sophi/ry ( ! s5ses (t5 m>k$ ) ! f9e/ wit1 at "o "t express+ a k9d ( s5su\s enjoym5t :i* is devoid ( passion1 at ano!r a passion t br+s ) x no enjoym5t1 a sublimat$ condition ( feel+ & s5sibility :i* fe$s ^u ! maxims ( reflection4 ,b ,i mu/ "h break (f ^! g5]al indications :i* our subject does n p]mit me n[ to c>ry fur!r4 7b7 ,m closely look$ at ! secul> int]e/ may be treat$ "u two g5]al divisions4 ,we h on ! "o side secul>ity z actually organiz$1 su* z family life1 ! tie ( citiz5%ip & politics1 law1 ju/ice1 morality1 & ! re/2 & 9 opposition to ?is#bdi indep5d5t & assur$ exi/5ce love spr+s up 9 noble & impetu\s spirits2 ?is _w-religion ( he>ts1 :i* at "o "t we f9d jo9+ h&s ) religion 9 e respect1 :ile at ano!r x sup]s$es x1 =gets x1 & by con/itut+ itself ! s+le ess5tial1 or r ! unique & supreme condition ( life1 is n only prep>$ to r5\nce all else1 & to fly = refuge to a des]t ) ! belov$1 b proce$s 9 ?is extremity ( its passion1 :i* we c only exclude f ! doma9 ( beauty1 to sacrifice all ! wor? ( humanity 9 a mann] at once s]vile1 degrad+1 & despicable4 ,an example ( ?is we h 9 ,kt*5 von ,heilbronn4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is cataclysm ( life's ess5tial int]e/s ! objects ( love _c be realiz$ )\t collisions 9 ! !atre ( ! _w4 ,= despite ( love ! g5]al conditions ( life make _! dem& & ass]t _! claims & ! despotism ( love's passion is unable to ma9ta9 itself aga9/ !m ) impunity4 77 ,! fir/ & mo/ frequ5tly exemplifi$ type ( collision we may draw att5tion to is t betwe5 hon\r & love4 ,9 o!r words1 hon\r possesses j z love possesses 9 its own "r ?is inf9itude ( claim1 & may accept a cont5t1 :i* may confront love z a positive ob/acle 9 its pa?4 ,! obligations ( hon\r may require ! sacrifice ( love4 ,f a c]ta9 po9t ( view x w\ld be1 = example1 di%on\rable = a man ( high rank to w$ "o ( ! l[] classes4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 class & class is a necess>y fact ( natural condition z ord9>ily pres5t$#bej4 ,& s long z our secul> life has n be5 emancipat$ ?r\gh ! inf9ite notion ( true fre$om1 :atev] may be ! class or pr(ession f :i* t life 9 ! p>ticul> individual & 8 free *oice takes its rise1 to t ext5t x w always be ,nature1 t is1 ! bir? condition1 :i* to a great] or less degree w1 on ! "o h&1 det]m9e ! social position2 &1 on ! o!r1 ^! di/9ctions ( /atus1 z !y ?us orig9ate1 & q indep5d5tly ( g5]al gr\nds ( hon\r1 9 s f> z social position is made an affair ( hon\r1 w ma9ta9 !mselves z ( absolute & inf9ite /ability4 77 ,q ap>t1 h[ev]1 f que/ions ( hon\r we mu/ add z a fur!r example ( collision t ! et]nal & sub/antive p[]s !mselves1 ! int]e/s ( ! ,/ate1 love ( c\ntry1 family obligations1 & ! re/1 come into conflict ) love & preclude its realization4 ,p>ticul>ly 9 mod]n repres5tations1 9 :i* ! objective conditions ( life h be5 already elaborat$ 9 all _! available /r+5cy1 ?is is a fav\rite type ( collision4 ,love is 9 su* cases1 z itself an important "r ( ! p]sonal s\l1 ei!r set =? 9 opposition to o!r rights & duties1 or despite ( its own recognition ( su* x ent]s ^u a conflict ) !m reliant ^u itself & ) ! p[] ( its private passion4 ,! ,maid ( ,orleans#bea is an example ( a drama :i* re/s ^u a collision ( ?is k9d4 77 ,& 9 ! ?ird case we may f9d 9 a g5]al way t ext]nal condition & its imp$im5ts oppose ob/acles 9 ! pa? ( love4 ,su* are ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts1 ! prose ( ord9>y exi/5ce1 mis=tunes1 passion1 prejudice1 follies1 ! selfi%ness ( o!rs1 occurr5ces ( e conceivable complexity & k9d4 ,mu* w "h pres5t itself t is hateful1 t]rible1 & mean1 = x is ma9ly ! evil1 ru?less1 & savage aspects ( o!r =ms ( human passion :i* "w contr>y to ! t5d] spiritual beauty ( love4 ,m p>ticul>ly 9 lat] times we frequ5tly come across ext]nal collisions ( ?is sort 9 dramas1 n>ratives1 & romances1 works ^: ma9 int]e/ c5tres 9 a sympa?y = ! suff]+s1 expectations1 & ru9$ prospects ( unhappy lov]s & affect or satisfy u by means ( _! bad or happy end+s1 or m]ely provide ent]ta9m5t4 ,?is type ( conflict1 h[ev]1 on ! gr\nd t x m]ely dep5ds ^u accid5tal matt]s1 is a subord9ate "o4 7c7 ,no d\bt love1 f :atev] ( ^! po9ts ( view y *oose to reg>d x1 possesses a l(ty quality1 9 s f> z x does n m]ely rema9 an impulse ( sex-attraction1 b emphasizes ! b\nty ( a really ri*1 beautiful1 & noble s\l1 & is a liv+1 active1 c\rage\s1 & dis9t]e/$ bond ( union betwe5 "o p]son & ano!r4 ,b romantic love is also n )\t its limitation4 ,t :i* disappe>s f its cont5t is ! ess5tially realiz$ univ]sality4#beb ,x is m]ely ! p]sonal feel+ ( "o p>ticul> individual1 :i* does n atte/ itself z fulfill$ ) int]e/ ( et]nal import & ! actual cont5t ( organic human life1 z made up ( family1 political aims1 "o's own c\ntry1 obligations ( pr(ession1 /atus1 fre$om1 & religion1 b m]ely ) ! p]sonal consid]ation :i* is int5t ^u receiv+ aga9 su* private feel+ z reflect$ back f "s "o else4 ,su* a cont5t ( :at is itself /ill b a =mal mode ( spiritual life does n correspond 9 full tru? to ! totality1 :i* ! ess5tially complete p]sonality#bec ought to be4 ,9 ! family1 m>riage1 duty1 & ! ,/ate ! p]sonal feel+ simply z su* & ! unity :i* issues f x ) "s p>ticul> p]son & no o!r is n ! ma9 po9t ( int]e/4 ,9 ! love ( romance1 h[ev]1 all c5tres 9 ! fact t ?is man or woman loves t woman or man & no "o else4 ,yet x is precisely ?is fact t x is only ?is or t p]son1 :i* is solely bas$ ^u p]sonal idiosyncracy1 9 o!r words1 ! cont+5cy ( caprice4 ,!re is no lov] :o does n ?9k 8 belov$1 no maid5 :o does n fancy h] lov]1 z ! faire/ & mo/ supreme1 to ! exclusion ( all o!rs1 al?\gh !y may appe> v ord9>y mortals 9 ! eyes ( o!r folk4 ,b 9 j ?is fact t all ! _w or1 let u say1 a l>ge numb]1 act ?us exclusively1 & w n make an exception 9 fav\r ( ! unique ,aphrodite h]self1 b r possess an ,aphrodite ( _! own1 & v easily some:at m ?an ,aphrodite1 we c only v obvi\sly conclude t !re are _m :o pass = ! same fairy ,pr9cess1 z no d\bt e "o kn[s well en\gh1 t !re are a :ole bevy ( pretty or good & excell5t girls 9 ! _w1 all ( :om1 or let u hope ! majority1 w secure _! own lov]s1 ador]s1 & husb&s1 to :om !y d\btless appe> z gift$ 9 l mann] ) all ! beauty & virtue ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,to be/[ 9 e case our pref]5ce on "o1 & only "o1 is obvi\sly a :olly private affair ( ! he>t & ( ! sep>ate individuality ( ea* p]son1 & ! incomm5surable ob/9acy 9 discov]+ z ?\gh by a law ( necessity "o's life & supreme/ s5se ( su* 9 j t "o individual is pro( t x is a caprice no less inf9ite 9 its significance ?an x is inevitable4 ,we h )\t "q 9 ?is attitude ! l(ti] fre$om ( ! p]sonal life & its absolute p[] ( *oice recogniz$1 ! p[] to be1 n m]ely z we f9d 9 ! ,pha$ra ( ,euripides1 "u ! con/ra9t ( a pa?os1 a div9ity2 b 9 reg>d to ! absolutely individual volition1 f :i* su* a lib]ty proce$s1 su* a *oice appe>s at ! same "t to be a m]e idiosyncrasy1 an inflexibility ( t :i* is :olly self-exclusive4 ,= ?is reason ! collisions ( love1 m p>ticul>ly :5 x is set 9 ho/ile opposition to sub/antive int]e/s1 reta9 an aspect ( cont+5cy & lack ( au?orization1 because x is ! p]sonal life z su* :i* confronts 9 opposition ) a dem& n indep5d5tly ju/ifiable t :i* = its own ess5tial sake has a claim to recognition4 ,! p]sonalities 9 ! l(ty trag$y ( ! anci5ts su* z ,agamemnon1 ,clytemne/ra1 ,ore/es1 ,o$ipus1 ,antigone1 & ,creon h1 x is true1 among o!r ?+s a p]sonal object2 b ! sub/antive ?+1 ! pa?os1 :i* z ! cont5t ( _! action is ! compell+ =ce beh9d !m1 is ( absolute au?ority1 & = ?is v reason1 is also itself ess5tially ( univ]sal int]e/4 ,! de/9y :i* affects !m on acc\nt ( _! action does n !re=e move u on ! gr\nd t x is a fate ( mis=tune1 b because x is a mis=tune :i* affects or r$\nds to _! hon\r4 ,9 o!r words ! pa?os1 :i* w n re/ until x is satisfi$1 possesses an ess5tially necess>y cont5t4 ,:5 ! guilt ( ,clytemne/ra1 9 ?is concrete case ( x1 receives no puni%m5t1 :5 ! insult :i* ,antigone receives z si/]#bed is n remov$1 9 bo? cases we h a sub/antial wrong4 ,^! suff]+s ( love1 h[ev]1 ^! %att]$ hopes1 ?is be+ 9 love g5]ally1 ^! inf9ite pa9s exp]i5c$ by lov]s1 ?is measureless happ9ess & bliss :i* su* imag9e1 are no su* ess5tial int]e/ b r some?+ t m]ely affects !mselves4 ,all m51 x is true1 %\ld be s5sitive to love & may claim satisfaction 9 ?is respect4 ,b :5 a man fails to secure t object 9 "s p>ticul> place1 9 precisely ?is or t association1 "u j ^! circum/ances & 9 respect to "o unique maid5 we c admit no absolute wrong4 ,!re is no?+ ess5tially inevitable 9 ! fact t a man %\ld caprici\sly select any p>ticul> "y woman1 & t we %\ld int]e/ ourselves consequ5tly = t :i* is 9 ! highe/ degree accid5tal1 a caprice ( 8 own consci\s life1 :i* c>ries ) x no imp]sonal expansion or univ]sal significance4 ,we h "h ! s\rce ( t t5d5cy to cool :i* we _c help feel+ 9 ! repres5tation ( ! passion ( romantic love h[ev] t passion may be emphasiz$4 #c4 ,,fidelity ,! ?ird type ( s\l-life :i* is ( importance to ! romantic consci\sness on ! field ( its activity 9 ! _w is fidelity4 ,by fidelity 9 ! s5se we are n[ us+ x we d n mean ei!r ! p]man5t adh]5ce to ! av[al ( love once giv51 nor yet ! /ability ( fri5d%ip 9 ! beautiful image ( ! same su* z we h left u by ! anci5ts 9 t ( ,a*illes & ,patroclus1 or ) yet m intimacy1 t ( ,ore/es & ,pylades4 ,y\? is pre-em95tly bo? ! soil & ! occasion f :i* fri5d%ip ( ?is latt] type orig9ates4 ,e man has to con/ruct 8 pa? ( life indep5d5tly1 to "w out & su/a9 a giv5 mode ( realization4 ,! "t ( y\?1 :5 individuals /ill live 9 an undef9$ atmosph]e ( ext]nal relations :i* !y %>e1 is ! "o 9 :i* !y associate closely1 & are b\nd toge!r s ne>ly 9 "o mode ( ?\ght1 volition1 & activity1 t ev]y?+ t any "o ( !m und]takes becomes at ! same "t ! und]tak+ ( ano!r4 ,:5 m5 atta9 maturity ?is is no long] ! case4 ,! circum/antial life ( ! gr[n man pursues its indep5d5t c\rse & w n admit ( s close an affiliation ) t ( ano!r t we c affirm ( x t "o _c accompli% x )\t ! o!r4 ,m5 make acqua9tances & !n sep>ate2 _! int]e/s & bus9ess are at "o "t disjo9$1 at ano!r !y coalesce2 fri5d%ip1 intimacy ( mutual op9ions1 ( pr9ciples1 & ! g5]al tr5d ( _! life may rema92 b ?is is n ! fri5d%ip ( y\?1 9 :i* no individual unit ei!r makes a decision or c>ries x into effect )\t inevitably mak+ x a matt] 9 :i* ano!r is conc]n$4 ,x is an ess5tial pr9ciple at ! v root ( our life t 9 g5]al e man mu/ look aft] himself1 mu/1 9 o!r words1 prove by himself 8 capacity to confront ! reality :i* affects him4 7a7 ,fidelity 9 fri5d%ip & love1 !n1 subsi/s solely betwe5 equals4 ,! fidelity :i* we h n[ to consid] is relative to a sup]ior1 "o m highly plac$1 a ma/]4 ,a fidelity ( ?is type is to be f\nd ev5 among ! anci5ts 9 t ( s]vants to ! family1 ! h\se ( _! "l4 ,! mo/ beautiful example ( su* a relation is suppli$ u by ! sw9e-h]d ( ,odysseus1 :o sweats by night & ?r\gh tempe/ 9 ord] t he may look aft] 8 sw9e2 :o is full ( anxiety on 8 ma/]'s acc\nt1 to :om he f9ally gives loyal assi/ance aga9/ ! suitors4 ,%akespe>e (f]s u a picture ( fidelity no less mov+1 ?\gh x is "h %[n entirely on ! side ( ! feel+s1 9 8 ,k+ ,le>4#bee ,le> asks ,k5t1 ,do/ ?\ "k me1 fell[8 ,& ,k5t replies3 ,no1 sir2 b y h t 9 y\r c\nt5ance :i* ,i w\ld fa9 call ma/]4 ,?is bord]s z close z possible on t :i* we w\ld make cle> z romantic fidelity4 ,fidelity at ?is /age is n ! loyalty ( slaves & *urls1 h[ev] true & pa!tic su* unque/ionably may be1 :i* is none ! less devoid ( ! free indep5d5ce ( individuality & its unre/rict$ aims & actions1 & is consequ5tly ( subord9ate rank4 ,:at we1 9 %ort1 h be=e u is ! liege-s]vice ( *ivalry1 9 :i* ea* vassal pres]ves intact 8 own free self-dep5d5ce z an ess5tial elem5t 9 ! attitude ( subord9ation to "o ( high] rank1 :e!r "l1 k+1 or emp]or4 ,?is type ( fidelity1 h[ev]1 is a pr9ciple ( supreme importance 9 *ivalry = ! reason t x =ms ! fundam5tal bond ( union 9 a common society & its social co-ord9ation at lea/ 9 ! orig9al =m ( its appe>ance4 7b7 ,! object :i* ?us receives a full] cont5t & is made app>5t 9 ?is new type ( association betwe5 individuals is n1 h[ev]1 by any means patriotism reg>d+ t z an objective & univ]sal int]e/1 b a bond m]ely ) "o p]son1 ! "l1 & = ?is reason condition$ by private hon\r1 p]sonal advantage & op9ion4 ,9 its fulle/ brilliancy we f9d fidelity ( ?is k9d 9 a surr\nd+ _w t is unregulat$ & unc\?1 beyond ! control ( "r & law4 ,)9 a lawless reality ( ?is k9d ! mo/ p[]ful & comm&+ spirits /& out z fix$ po9ts ( attraction1 z lead]s & nobles1 & ! re/ rally r\nd !m ( _! own free w4 ,su* a condition is lat] on elaborat$ into a legaliz$ co-ord9ation ( fealty1 9 :i* e vassal has 8 own claim to rights & privilege4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 ^u :i* ! entire sy/em reposes is 9 its prim>y orig9s free *oice1 no less 9 relation to ! dep5d5t vassal ?an to ! conditions "u :i* he rema9s fai?ful to 8 vassalage4 ,= ?is reason ! fidelity ( *ivalry is q prep>$ to ma9ta9 prop]ty1 "r1 & p]sonal indep5d5ce & hon\r1 & is on ?is acc\nt n simply recogniz$ z an obligation :i* may be en=c$ to ! entire disreg>d ( ! private incl9ations ( ! vassal h[ev] !y may arise4 ,q ! contr>y4 ,e subord9ate unit only cont9ues !re & helps to e/abli% ! g5]al social ord] s long z ! same falls 9 ) 8 own wi%es1 incl9ations1 & op9ions4 7c7 ,on ?is acc\nt fidelity & ob$i5ce to ! feudal "l c v readily cla% ) private feel+s1 an exasp]at$ s5se ( hon\r1 s5sitiv5ess to insult1 love1 & _m o!r *ance incid5ts ( ! p]sonal or ext]nal life4 ,x is consequ5tly ( a highly prec>i\s "*4 ,a knight1 = example1 is loyal to 8 "l1 b a fri5d ( 8 happ5s to qu>rel ) him4 ,he has n[ to *oose betwe5 ! two objects ( 8 fidelity1 &1 *ief ( all1 he has to consid] himself1 ! claims ( 8 p]sonal hon\r & advantage4 ,! mo/ beautiful example ( su* a conflict we h 9 ! ,cid4 ,he rema9s z true to himself z he is to 8 k+4 ,if ! k+ acts wisely he assi/s him ) 8 arm's /r5g?2 if 8 feudal "l acts wrongly or ! ,cid feels t\*$ on ! po9t ( hon\r ?is p[]ful support is )drawn4 ,! palad9s ( ,*>les ! ,great exhibit mu* ! same attitude4 ,x is a tie ( *iefta9%ip & ob$i5ce n unlike t :i* we h already obs]v$ betwe5 ,zeus & ! o!r gods4 ,! sup]ior "l comm&s1 blu/]s1 & scolds1 b ! indep5d5t & p[]ful individualities resi/ him precisely :5 & z !y please4 ,we f9d ! mo/ consi/5t & *>m+ picture ( ! conditional & easy t]ms "u :i* ?is bond is ma9ta9$ 9 ! ,re9ecke ,fu*s4 ,j z ! magnates 9 ?is k+dom are mo/ really true to _! own aims & indep5d5ce1 we f9d t ! ,g]man b>ons & knights 9 ! ,middle ,ages 7 n at home :5 call$ ^u to act = ! sake ( ! g5]al weal & _! emp]or2 & x really looks z ?\gh our *ief praise ( ! ,middle ,ages mu/ consi/ 9 ?is t no man is 9 su* a p]iod ju/ifi$ 9 8 own eyes or a man ( hon\r1 except 9 s f> z he runs aft] 8 own incl9ations1 9 o!r words1 does precisely t :i* he is n suff]$ to d 9 a ,/ate :i* is organiz$ on a rational basis4 ,9 all ^! ?ree /ages ( hon\r1 love1 & fidelity1 we %all f9d ! soil on :i* ! self-subsi/5cy ( p]sonality1 ! s\l1 is support$1 an indep5d5ce :i*1 h[ev]1 con/antly unfolds 9 a wid] & m afflu5t cont5t1 rema9+ 9 ! same self-reconcil$4 ,"h /ret*es be=e u 9 romantic art ! faire/ /rip ( c\ntry :i* we c f9d any:]e outside ! enclosure ( religion 9 its /rict s5se1 ,its objects are conc]n$ ) t :i* is simply human1 a relation ) :i* we c at lea/ f "o aspect ( x1 namely1 t ( p]sonal fre$om1 absolutely sympa?ize1 & we d n f9d "h1 z we d n[ & aga9 9 ! religi\s field1 bo? a mat]ial & modes ( repres5tation :i* cla% ) our mod]n notions4 ,b at ! same "t we mu/ add t our pres5t subject matt] may v frequ5tly be br\ght into direct relation to religion s t religi\s int]e/s are int]wov5 ) ^? ( ! _w ( *ivalry2 z1 = example1 0 ! case 9 ! adv5tures ( ! knights ( ! r\nd table 9 _! que/ ( ! ,holy ,grail4 ,9 ?is int]fusion we f9d n only mu* t is my/ical & fanta/ical1 b also mu* t is allegorical add$ to ! poetry ( *ivalry4 ,& conv]sely ?is secul> sph]e ( ! int]e/s ( love1 hon\r1 & fidelity may also be totally unconnect$ ) ! deep5+ ( _! cont5t ) religi\s aims & op9ions1 & only br+ to view ! e>lie/ movem5t ( s\l-life 9 ! secul> aspect ( its spiritual int5sity4 ,t :i*1 h[ev]1 drops away f ! pres5t levels is ! repletion ( ?is inn] life ) ! concrete cont5t ( human conditions1 *>act]s1 passions1 & realiz$ exi/5ce g5]ally4 ,9 contra/ to ?is v>iety ! ess5tially inf9ite s\l /ill rema9s ab/ract & =mal1 & has !re=e 9 front ( x ! task1 to accept z "p ( its own ?is fur!r mat]ial ) :at x held be=e1 & to exhibit ! same 9 ! =ms cong5ial to arti/ic composition4 ,footnote #bda3 ,he has n 9 ?is exclusive s5se ( religiosity id5tifi$ himself ) ! _s ( ! ,*ri/ian community4 ,d] ,&]5 ref]s to ,geme9s*aft4 ,su* appe>s to me ! s5se4 ,footnote #bdb3 ,zur ,wirkli*keit entfaltetes ,leb54 ,footnote #bdc3 ,put m simply we may say 9 popul> t]m9ology t x is fill$ up or amplifi$ by virtue ( ! s5se ( individual p]sonality4 ,?is ,hegel himself fur!r elucidates bel[4 ,fal/aff und\bt$ly possess$ a /rong p]sonality1 b 9 8 fam\s soliloquy on hon\r he delib]ately empti$ himself ( any s5se ( x by refus+ to view himself "u ! self-relation1 t is self-respect4 ,footnote #bdd3 ,i fail to appreciate ?is di/9ction1 except 9 a v qualifi$ =m4 ,ev5 9 ! ,middle ,ages :5 ! feudal relation 0 9 full =ce1 ! relation betwe5 ! ma/] & ! s]vant 0 surely "o ( ! in/itutions ( ! ,/ate1 ?\gh no d\bt ! rights ( ! dep5d5t 7 n always v readily en=c$4 ,ev5 9 ! case ( slav]y 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ,am]ica ! relation betwe5 ma/] & slave c>ri$ ) x q def9ite e?ical obligations--!re 0 9 g5]al at lea/ q a di/9ct social if n actually political /atus4 ,footnote #bde3 ,i suppose ,hegel means by e9 ,punkt a c5tre or po9t ( life4 ,! expression is r unusual4 ,footnote #bdf3 ,absolut5 ,geltung1 t is its absolute validity 9 its ideal "*4 ,footnote #bdg3 ,! punctuation 9 text is defective4 ,footnote #bdh3 ,s runs ! text4 ,x comes f su* a writ] ) a %ock4 ,:y su* qualities %\ld vani% 7s*w9d57 9 ! pres5ce ( unhapp9ess x is n easy to see4 ,x w\ld r appe> t su* 0 ! condition to evoke !m4 ,:at is meant is1 ,i suppose1 t ! failure ( reciprocity1 especially 9 ! love ( wom51 (t5 br+s complete collapse4 ,we may illu/rate x 9 sev]al ( ,m]$i?'s novels su* z ,diana & ,s&ra ,belloni4 ,footnote #bdi3 ,! two sides w\ld appe> to be ! secul>ity ( ! social organism & free love4 ,footnote #bej3 ,?is ,i ?9k is ! mean+4 ,until ! full notion ( lib]ty is appreh5d$ ! divisions ( class w h ! appe>ance ( natural necessity4 ,footnote #bea3 ,s*ill]'s drama ( t "n4 ,footnote #beb3 ,die an und fr si* sey5de ,allgeme9heit4 ,! univ]sal notion z explicitly made actual 9 life4 ,footnote #bec3 ,e9 9 si* konkretes ,individuum4 ,! :ole ( ?is analysis appe>s to me a r ab/ract & pr(essorial consid]ation ( romantic atta*m5t1 sep>at+ love f its reality ( association & relation 9 actual life4 ,9 s f> z x is true x is purely ab/ract tru?1 & mu/ be reg>d$ z su*4 ,9 actual life x is no m true t ev5 9 ! av]age case mis=tune blights ! blossom ?an x is true t ! love ( ! individual conc5trates itself solely on ! m]e atta*m5t betwe5 two p]sons4 ,x is b\nd up ) ! idea ( family & cont9uation ( ! race1 & s indirectly ) ! ,/ate4 ,footnote #bed3 ,z si/] ( h] violat$ bro!r ,polyneices4 ,footnote #bee3 ,act ,i1 sc4 #d4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,=mal ,,self-,,subsi/5cy ,,( ,,individual ,,p>ticul>ities ,if we take a glance back on ! t]ritory we h pass$ ?r\gh1 we see 9 ! fir/ in/ance t ! object ( our inve/igation 0 ! life ( ! s\l#bef 9 its mo/ absolute capacity1 9 o!r words1 consci\sness 9 its m$iation ) ,god1 ! univ]sal process ( ! self-reconcil+ _s4 ,! ab/raction ( ?is po9t ( view consi/$ 9 ?is t ! s\l by an ef=t ( abnegation )drew itself f all t 0 secul>1 purely natural & human--ev5 :5 ! same _h e?ical features1 & = ?is reason possess$ a claim ^u u--into its own di/9ctive doma9 9 ord] to satisfy its ye>n+ = ! pure heav5 ( _s4 ,secondly1 we f\nd ourselves able1 x is true1 to br+ into view ! human consci\sness )\t ?is factor ( ab/ract negation :i* 0 includ$ 9 t m$iation1 9 o!r words1 positively 9 its indep5d5ce & z relat$ to o!rs#beg1 b ! cont5t ( ?is secul> inf9itude z su* 0 none ! less only ! p]sonal self-subsi/5cy ( hon\r1 ! int5siv5ess#beh ( love & ! vassalage ( fidelity1 a cont5t :i*1 no d\bt1 may appe> be=e u 9 _m relations1 9 a _m-fold$ v>iety & _m gradations ( feel+ & passion1 subject to ! mo/ ext5sive *anges ( ext]nal condition1 yet = all t only prop\nds j ?is p]sonal indep5d5ce & inw>dness )9 su* examples4 ,! ?ird aspect1 !n1 :i* we h n[ left u to exam9e is ! mode & mann] 9 :i* t fur!r mat]ial ( human exi/5ce1 bo? on ! side ( its inw>d & its ext]nal life1 t is to say1 ,nature & its appreh5sion & significance = s\l-life1 is able to ent] into ! romantic type ( art4 ,we h "h to deal ) ! _w ( p>ticul> objects1 det]m9ate exi/5ce g5]ally1 reg>d$ 9 its unfett]$ indep5d5ce1 & :i*1 9 s f> z x does n appe> transp>5t to religion & spiritual syn!sis1 br++ x into unity ) ! ,absolute1 ass]ts itself on its own foo?old & decl>es its self-subsi/5ce 9 its own k+dom4 ,9 ?is ?ird prov9ce ( ! romantic type ( art consequ5tly ! purely religi\s mat]ial & *ivalry ) ^? l(ty views & aims t we f\nd x br+s to bir? f its spiritual womb#bei1 b :i* 7 n directly concordant ) any?+ visible 9 ! reality ( ! exi/+ _w1 h vani%$4 ,! new object ( satisfaction is a ?ir/ = ?is actual pres5ce itself1 a delight 9 ! facts ( exi/5ce1 a cont5tm5t ( ! s\l ) ! dwell+ t confronts x1 ) ! f9itude ( our humanity1 & :at is f9ite1 p>ticul>1 & ! true c\nt]feit ( su* g5]ally4 ,man is int5t to recreate = 8 own _w ! _w z he actually f9ds x1 al?\gh su* may imply a sacrifice ( ! ,beauty & ideality ( ! cont5t & manife/ation w reflect x z x /&s be=e him end[$ ) life 9 8 art1 w h t pres5t life be=e 8 eyes z ! "w ( 8 own m9d4 ,! religion ( ,*ri/ianity z we h already se5 has n sprung up f ! soil ( ! imag9ation z 0 ! case ) ! div9ities ( ! ,ea/ & ,greece1 :e!r we consid] !m relatively to =m or cont5t4 ,x is ! imag9ation :i* fa%ions ! vital significance out ( its own res\rces 9 ord] to promote ! unity betwe5 ! reality ( s\l life ) ! p]fect$ embodim5t ( ! same4 ,9 classical art ?is complete coalesc5ce is actually atta9$4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian religion1 on ! o!r h&1 ! secul> aspect 9 its exclusive "* is f ! fir/ accept$ = j t :i* x really is z an ess5tial factor ( ! ,ideal2 & ! s\l ( man f9ds satisfaction 9 ! ord9>y & cont+5t pres5ce ( ! ext]nal _w )\t ! necess>y int]position ( beauty4 ,b man is nev]!less 9 ! fir/ in/ance reconcil$ to ,god only by implication1 & z a possible result4 ,all m5 are call$ to ! bless$ condition1 b few are *os52 & ! s\l = :i* bo? ! k+dom ( heav5 & t ( ?is _w /ill rema9 z a beyond is con/ra9$ to r5\nce bo? t :i* is spiritual 9 ! ext]nal _w & its own pres5ce !re94 ,! po9t ( dep>ture is f a di/ance inf9itely remote f t _w2 & to make ?is reality1 :i* 9 ! fir/ in/ance is simply surr5d]$1 a positive con/itu5t ( t :i* is man's own1 9 o!r words to br+ ab\t ?is r$iscov]y ( himself & 8 volition 9 8 own pres5t life1 f :i* all takes its rise1 ?is x is :i* supplies u fir/ ) a t]m9at+ po9t 9 ! elaboration ( romantic art1 & is ! f9al outlook to :i* ! spiritual p5etration ( man is c>ri$ & on :i* x is conc5trat$4 ,9 s f> z ! =m ( ?is new cont5t is conc]n$ we h already obs]v$ t romantic art f its fir/ initiation 0 infect$ ) ! contradiction t ! ess5tially inf9ite mode ( ! self-consci\s life is1 9 its indep5d5ce1 incapable ( be+ unit$ ) ! ext]nal mat]ial1 & is b\nd to rema9 9 su* sep>ation4 ,?is indep5d5t opposition ( bo? aspects & ! )drawal ( ! inw>dness ( _s into its own doma9 is t :i* con/itutes ! cont5t ( romance4 ,^! two aspects are cont9ually sep>at$ anew by self-rehabilitation#bfj1 until at l5g? !y fall entirely ap>t1 & !reby demon/rate t we mu/ se>* = "s o!r field ?an ,art to secure _! absolute union4 ,& by ?is fall+ ap>t we f9d t ^! aspects 9 _! relation to art are =mal2 9 o!r words !y fail to appe> z a totality 9 t complete type ( unity :i* 0 secur$ to !m by ! ,classic ,ideal4 ,classical art is plac$ 9 a region ( /able figures1 t is 9 ! mid/ ( a my?ology & its irresoluble types p]fect$ by art4 ,! resolution ( ! classical =m is consequ5tly br\ght ab\t--z we f\nd 9 discuss+ its transition to ! romantic =m--leav+ out ( our pres5t consid]ation ! g5]ally m re/rict$ t]ritory ( ! comic & satyric modes--by an ov]-elaboration 9 ! direction ( all t pleases ! s5ses or an imitation :i* loses itself 9 ! deadly fro/ ( a p$antic le>n+1 till x at l5g? entirely deg5]ates into a neglig5t & inf]ior te*nique4 ,! objects ( art rema91 h[ev]1 ! same ?r\gh\t ! process1 & m]ely play truant to ! e>li] intellig5t mode ( production ) a pres5tation t is increas+ly m spiritless & a purely traditional & me*anical te*nique4 ,! progress & conclusion ( romantic art on ! contr>y is ! resolution ( ! mat]ial ( art )9 its own b\nd>ies#bfa altoge!r1 a mat]ial :i* falls ap>t into its elem5ts1 an increase ( fre$om 9 ! sev]al p>ts1 along ) :i* process & 9 contra/ to ! previ\s case1 ! individual craftsman%ip & arti/ic mode ( pres5tm5t is enhanc$2 & 9 proportion z ! sub/antive cont5t t5ds to break up to t ext5t atta9s a full] p]fection4 ,we may n[ attempt a m specific subdivision ( ?is ! f9al *apt] ( ?is "p ( our subject 9 ! foll[+ t]ms4 ,9 ! fir/ place we h be=e u ! self-subsi/5cy ( "*1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 a p>ticul> "o1 t is1 a def9ite individual self-absorb$ 9 its _w1 its specific qualities & aims4 ,9 opposition to ?is =mal p>ticul>ity ( "* we h ! ext]nal con=mation ( situations1 ev5ts1 & actions4 ,= ! reason1 moreov]1 t ! inw>d spirituality ( romance /&s g5]ally 9 an indiff]5t relation to t :i* is ext]nal ! actual ph5om5on#bfb appe>s 9 ! pres5t case indep5d5tly free1 t is z nei!r p]meat$ by ! spiritual cont5t ( human aims & actions nor clo!d 9 modes adequate to reta9 !m4 ,by reason ( its unrelat$ & loose mode ( manife/ation x !re=e en=ces ! cont+5cy ( natural processes#bfc1 circum/ances1 ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts1 & mann] ( its realization z ! unexpect$4#bfd ,9 ! ?ird place1 & f9ally1 ! sev]ation ( ! two factors ass]ts itself1 ! complete id5tity ( :i* supplies u ) ! real notion ( art4 ,?is is consequ5tly ! dismemb]m5t & dissolution ( art itself4 ,on ! "o h& we f9d t art passes to a repres5tation ( :olly commonplace reality1 to ! reflection ( objects precisely z !y appe> 9 _! cont+5t isolation & its equally s+ul> *>act]i/ics4 ,its int]e/ is n[ :olly absorb$ 9 reproduc+ ?is objective exi/5ce by means ( ! te*nical ability ( ! arti/4 ,on ! o!r h& we h1 9 :at is a mode ( conception & repres5tation entirely dep5d5t on ! accid5tal idiosyncracy ( ! arti/ himself1 t is 9 hum\r1 a complete rev]sal ( ! pictorial /yle above m5tion$4 ,= 9 hum\r we meet ) ! p]v]sion & ov]?r[ ( all t is objectively solid 9 reality2 x works ?r\gh ! wit & play ( :olly p]sonal po9ts ( view1 & if c>ri$ to an extreme am\nts to ! triumph ( ! creative p[] ( ! arti/'s s\l ov] e cont5t & e =m4 #a4 ,,! ,,self-,,subsi/5cy ,,or ,,indep5d5ce ,,( ,,individual ,,"* ,! fundam5tal det]m9ant ( our pres5t subject-matt] is once aga9 t inf9itude impli$ 9 ! v nature ( ! human consci\sness :i* 0 our po9t ( dep>ture 9 ! romantic type ( art4 ,! new accretions we h n[1 h[ev]1 to add to our conception ( ?is mode ( self-subsi/5t inf9ity consi/ p>tly 9 ! p>ticul>ity ( cont5t1 :i* con/itutes ! _w ( ! individual m9d1 z to a fur!r aspect ( x 9 ! imm$iate coalesc5ce ( ! ego ) ?is its p>ticul>ity1 its wi%es & objects1 & ?irdly1 9 ! liv+ individuality1 9 :i* ! sub/antive "* is self-det]m9$4 ,we are n1 !re=e1 entitl$ to und]/& "u ! expression "* z n[ employ$ t :i* ! ,italians repres5t$ 9 _! masks4 ,! ,italian masks are also no d\bt def9ite *>act]s1 b ?is def9ition is only pres5t$ by !m 9 its ab/raction & g5]ality1 )\t a p]sonal individuality4 ,! *>act]s1 on ! o!r h&1 ( ! type "u discussion are ea* ( !m a "* unique 9 itself1 an indep5d5t :ole1 an individual p]son#bfe4 ,if we h1 !re=e1 occasion "h to ref] to ! =malism & ab/raction ( "*1 su* an expression is entirely relative to ! fact t ! fundam5tal cont5t1 ! _w ( su* a "* appe>s1 on ! "o h&1 z re/rict$ & to t ext5t ab/ract1 &1 on ! o!r1 z qualifi$ by accid5tal causes4 ,:at ! individual is is n c>ri$ or su/a9$ by virtue ( :at is sub/antive or ess5tially self-accr$it$#bff 9 its cont5t1 b ?r\gh ! nak$ p]sonality ass]t$ by ! "*1 :i* consequ5tly reposes =mally on its own individual self-subsi/5cy r ?an on its cont5t & its indep5d5tly secur$ pa?os4 ,)9 ! limits ( ?is =malism we may n[ obs]ve two ma9 l9es ( di/9ction4 ,on ! "o h& we h ! /ability ( "* 9 ! en]gy ( its executive p[]1 :i* re/ricts its l9e ( action to specific aims1 & entru/s ! conc5trat$ =ce ( individuality ?us re/rict$ to ! realization ( su* objects4 ,on ! o!r h& we h "* "u ! aspect ( a totality t is p]sonal1 :i*1 h[ev]1 p]si/s n :olly articulat$ ?r\gh\t ! cont5t ( t inw>d life & 9 ! uns\nd$#bfg dep?s ( ! s\l1 & is unable to unravel itself :olly1 or express itself ) absolute cl>ity4 7a7 ,:at we h !re=e be=e u1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 is ! p>ticul> "* :i* wills to be t its imm$iate pres5ce proposes1 ,j z animals diff] f ea* o!r & discov] !mselves z indep5d5t creatures 9 ?is diff]5ce1 s1 too1 "h we h diff]5t *>act]s ^: range & idiosyncracy rema9s subject to ! elem5t ( cont+5cy#bfh1 & is n to be accurately det]m9$ by ! m]e notion4 77 ,an individuality ( ?is k9d built up entirely on itself consequ5tly has no ready ?\ght-out op9ions & objects1 :i* x has associat$ ) any univ]sal pr9ciple ( pa?os3 all t x-possesses1 does1 & accompli%es x creates "r away ) no fur!r reflection out ( its own specific nature2 :i* is j :at x happ5s to be1 & has no wi% to be root$ 9 any?+ m exalt$1 to be resolv$ 9 t & to f9d its ju/ification 9 some?+ sub/antive4 ,r x reposes unyield+ & unmalleable on itself1 & 9 ?is /ability ei!r goes on its way or goes to gr\nd4 ,a self-subsi/5cy ( "* ( ?is k9d is only able to appe>1 :]e ! secul> or natural man#bfi1 9 o!r words1 humanity 9 its p>ticul>ity has secur$ its fulle/ claim4 ,pre-em95tly ! *>act]s ( ,%akespe>e are ( ?is type4 ,x is j ?is iron#bgj /eadfa/ness & exclusiv5ess :i* con/itutes ! aspect ( !m :i* mo/ excites our wond]4 ,we h no ^w "h ( religion = religion's sake1 or action z ! embodim5t ( human reconciliation1 9 ! unqualifi$ religi\s s5se1 or ( morality pure & simple4 ,on ! contr>y we are pres5t$ ) individuals1 conceiv$ z dep5d5t solely on !mselves1 possess$ ) aims t are _! own exclusively1 exclusively d$ucible f _! individuality1 & :i* !y c>ry ?r\gh z be/ satisfies !m ) ! unmitigat$ consequ5ces ( passion1 & ) no incid5tal reflection on ! pr9ciples involv$4 ,9 p>ticul> ! trag$ies1 su* z ,macbe?1 ,o!llo1 ,ri*>d ,,iii & o!rs conta9 "o "* ( ?is type = _! ma9 int]e/ surr\nd$ by o!rs less pre-em95t = su* elem5tal en]gy4 ,macbe? is =c$ by 8 "*1 = example1 into ! fett]s ( 8 ambiti\s passion4 ,at fir/ he hesitates1 !n he /ret*es 8 h& to seize ! cr[n2 he commits a murd] 9 ord] to secure x1 & 9 ord] to ma9ta9 x /orms on ?r\gh ! tale ( horror4 ,?is reg>dless t5acity1 ?is id5tity ( ! man ) himself1 & ! object :i* 8 own p]sonality br+s to bir? is ! s\rce to him ( an abid+ int]e/4 ,no?+ makes him budge1 nei!r ! respect = ! sacr$ness ( k+%ip1 nor ! madness ( 8 wife1 nor ! r\t ( 8 vassals1 nor de/ruction z x ru%es ^u him1 nei!r div9e nor human claims--he )draws f !m all into himself & p]si/s4 ,lady ,macbe? is a "* ( ! same m\ld1 & x is m]ely ! *att] ( our latt]-day ta/eless criticism :i* c f9d 9 h] ! lea/ flav\r ( affection4 ,at h] v fir/ entrance1 on read+ ,macbe?'s lett] report+ 8 meet+ ) ! wit*es & _! prophecy 9 ! words#bga3 ,hail to !e1 ?ane ( ,cawdor6 ,hail to !e k+ t %all be6 %e exclaims1 ,glamis ?\ art & ,cawdor2 & %all be :at ?\ art promis$4 ,yet d ,i fe> ?y nature2 x is too full o' ! milk ( human k9dness1 to cat* ! ne>e/ way4 ,%e %[s no affectionate trait1 no joy ov] ! happ9ess ( h] husb&1 no moral emotion1 no sympa?y1 no pity ( a noble s\l2 %e simply fe>s le/ ! "* ( h] husb& w /& 9 ! pa? ( 8 ambition4 ,%e reg>ds him simply z a means4 ,) h] !re is no recoil1 no unc]ta9ty1 no consid]ation1 no retreat+1 z we f9d is at fir/ ! case ) ,macbe?1 no rep5tance1 b ! pure ab/raction & rig\r ( "*1 :i* p]petrates t :i* falls 9 ) x1 until x f9ally breaks4 ,?is collapse :i* comes 9 a tempe/ on ,macbe? f ! outside z he executes 8 object1 becomes madness ( ! m9d 9 ,lady ,macbe?4 ,( ! same type is ,ri*>d ,,iii1 ,o!llo1 ! old ,m>g>et & _m ano!r also4 ,we h its opposite 9 ! wret*$ coh]5ce#bgb ( mod]n *>act]s1 su* z ^? ( ,kotzebue1 :i* are outw>dly noble 9 ! highe/ degree1 great & excell5t1 yet 9 _! s\l-=ce are all rags & tatt]s4 ,lat] writ]s h done no bett] 9 o!r relations1 despite _! supreme contempt = ,kotzebue4 ,he9ri* von ,klei% is an example ) 8 ,kt*5 & ,pr9ce von ,homburg#bgc1 *>act]s 9 :i*1 9 contra/ to ! al]t condition ( real causal effect1 magnetism1 somnambulism1 & sleep-walk+ are depict$ z t :i* is ( highe/ & mo/ effective mom5t4 ,?is ,pr9ce von ,homburg is a mo/ pitiable exhibition ( a g5]al2 he is di/ract$ :5 he makes 8 milit>y dispositions1 writes out 8 ord]s 9 a way none c deciph] !m1 is engag$ 9 ! night previ\s to ! battle ) morbid =ebod+s1 & acts on ! day ( battle l a fool4 ,& despite su* duality1 ragg$ness1 & lack ( h>mony 9 _! *>act]s ^! writ]s imag9e t !y tread 9 ! foot/eps ( ,%akespe>e4 ,wide inde$ is ! di/ance :i* sep>ates !m1 = ! *>act]s ( ,%akespe>e are ess5tially consequ5t 9 :at !y d2 !y rema9 /aun* to _! ma/] passion2 9 :at !y are & 9 :at confronts !m1 no?+ makes !m ve] r\nd b :at is 9 /rict accord ) _! rigidly det]m9ate "*4 77 ,! m p>ticul>1 !n1 ! "* is1 :i* relies purely on itself1 & consequ5tly readily approa*es evil1 to t ext5t x is =c$ 9 ! concrete _w ( reality to ma9ta9 itself1 n m]ely aga9/ ! ob/acles :i* lie 9 its pa? & prev5t ! realization ( life's aims1 b s mu* m by ?is v realization su* is driv5 headlong to its d[nfall4 ,9 o!r words1 on acc\nt ( ! fact t x a*ieves its object1 ! fate t has its orig9 9 ! specific nature ( its "* itself1 deals x a bl[ 9 a mode ( de/ruction x has itself prep>$4 ,! developm5t ( ?is fatality is1 h[ev]1 n m]ely a developm5t f ! action ( ! p>ticul> p]sonality1 b q z mu* a gr[? ( ! s\l#bgd1 a developm5t ( ! "* itself 9 its headlong movem5t1 its runn+ wild1 its %att]+ 9 pieces or exhau/ion4 ,among ! ,greeks1 = :om pa?os1 ! sub/antive cont5t ( action1 r ?an ! p]sonal "*1 is ! important feature1 a de/9y affects ! "* t is ?us %>ply def9$ to a less degree = ?is reason1 t x is n fur!r evolv$ )9 ! sph]e ( its activities1 b rema9s at _! conclusion :at x 0 at ! />t4 ,9 ! compass ( our pres5t subject-matt]1 h[ev]1 by ! c>ry+ ?r\gh ( ! action itself1 ! inn] life ( ! p]sonality is evolv$ q z mu* z ! progress ( ! action2 ! advance is n simply on ! outside4 ,! action ( ,macbe? appe>s at ! same "t a desc5t ( ! s\l into savag]y1 accompani$ by a result :i*1 :5 all irresolution is ?r[n to ! w9ds1 & ! dice is ca/1 leaves no?+ fur!r able to re/ra9 x4 ,8 wife is f ! v fir/ decid$3 developm5t is %[n "h m]ely z ! anxiety ( ! s\l1 :i* is c>ri$ to ! po9t ( physical & spiritual ru91 ! madness1 9 %ort1 :i* /rikes h] d[n4 ,& ?is is ! k9d ( process :i* we c foll[ 9 ! majority ( ,%akespe>e's *>act]s1 :e!r important or unimportant4 ,! *>act]s ( anci5t drama ass]t !mselves1 no d\bt1 also on fix$ l9es1 & we f9d !m ev5 face to face ) oppos$ =ces1 relief f :i* is no long] possible except ?r\gh ! adv5t ( a deus ex ma*9a4 ,yet ?is /ability1 z 9 ! case ( ,philoctetes1 is unit$ to a cont5t1 &1 on ! :ole1 p5etrat$ ) a pa?os :i* may be v9dicat$ on e?ical gr\nds4 77 ,9 ! sph]e ( pres5tation we are n[ consid]+1 ow+ to ! cont+5t nature ( all t ! *>act]s :i* belong to x seize ^u z _! aim & ! indep5d5ce ( _! individuality1 no objective reconciliation is possible4 ,! environm5t ( all t !y are1 & :at opposes _! progress1 is 9 "p )\t def9$ l9es1 b also 9 "p we see t !re is nei!r a ,:5ce nor a ,:i!r unriddl$ = !mselves4 ,"h we h once m pres5t$ to u t ,fate :i* is ! mo/ ab/ract =m ( ,necessity4 ,! only reconciliation ( ! individual issues f ! inf9ite mode ( 8 s\l-life1 8 own /eadfa/ness1 9 :i* he /&s supreme ov] 8 passion & 8 de/9y4 ,?us x came to pass1#bge :atev] falls 9 8 way1 :e!r x be due to a controll+ de/9y1 necessity or accid5t1 !re is 8 ,:]e=e2 he accepts x at once )\t fur!r reflection4 ,x is fact1 & man adju/s himself !reto1 & tries to make himself z /one t[>d its au?ority4 7b7 ,9 absolute contra/ to ! above1 h[ev]1 !re is a fur!r or second mode 9 :i* ! =mal aspect ( "* may f9d its seat )9 ! inn]mo/ ( s\l-life1 & 9 :i* ! individual may rema9 fix$ )\t be+ able to ext5d its range or execute its effects4 77 ,su* are ^? spiritual natures ( intr9sic sub/ance1 :o1 :ile self-absorb$ 9 a complex :ole1 are only able 9 ! simplicity ( _! compactness#bgf to p]fect t pr(\nd activity )9 ! %r9e ( ! s\l )\t fur!r developm5t or explication 9 ! _w ar\nd !m4 ,! =malism :i* we h hi!rto be5 exam9+ 0 relative to ! def9$ "* ( ! cont5t1 ! entire self-conc5tration#bgg ( ! individual ^u "o object1 :i* x makes to appe> 9 all its unreliev$ sev]ity1 a conc5tration :i* express$ itself1 0 c>ri$ out1 & 9 :i*1 j z circum/ances fell out1 ei!r collaps$ or held on to ! end4 ,?is fur!r mode ( =malism is emphasiz$ 9 a conv]se way by its undisclos$ & =mless "*1 & by its defect ( expression & expository p[]4 ,a s\l ( ?is type is l "s preci\s jewel1 :i* is only visible at c]ta9 po9ts1 a manife/ation :i* is t ( a lightn+ fla%4 77 ,& ! reason t su* /ate ( self-seclusion %\ld /ill be ( wor? & int]e/ to u is due to ! fact t x presupposes a secret weal? ( ! s\l1 :i*1 h[ev]1 only p]mits its inf9ite dep? & fulness1 & precisely1 by means ( ?is sil5ce1 to %[ itself 9 a few & s to speak half-mut$ ways ( expression4 ,su* simple natures1 unconsci\s ( :at !y possess1 & )\t spee*1 may ex]cise an extraord9>y fasc9ation4 ,b t ?is may be s _! sil5ce mu/ be l ! unruffl$ /illness ( ! sea ^u its surface1 ov] its uns\nd$ dep?s1 n ! sil5ce ( all t is %all[1 holl[1 & /upid4 ,x is q possible sometimes = ! dulle/ fell[ to succe$ by means ( an ext]nal demean\r t manages v little to expose itself1 & m]ely pres5ts n[ & aga9 some?+ t is b half intelligible1 to awake 9 o!rs ! op9ion t x is ! veil ( a pr(\nd wisdom & spiritual dep?1 s t p wond] :at 9 ! _w lies hidd5 9 su* a he>t & s\l1 :]e we f9d 9 ! end !re is j no?+4 ,! inf9ite cont5t & pr(undity ( sil5t s\ls ( ! g5u9e type is made cle> to u--& to decl>e x makes ! greate/ dem& on ! intuitive p[]s & executive ability ( ! arti/--by means ( isolat$1 unrelat$1 nave1 & involunt>y expressions ( s\l-life1 :i* q un9t5tionally make x pla9 to all :o c grasp _! significance t su* a s\l has seiz$ ^u ! sub/antial import ( all t confronts x ) ! ri*e/ quality ( spiritual insight1 t its reflective capacity1 h[ev]1 is n c>ri$ fur!r by positive expansion into ! g5]al environm5t ( p>ticul> int]e/s1 motives1 & f9ite aims1 b r pres]ves its orig9al purity t ! fact x refuses to h its p[]s dissipat$ by ! commonplace excitem5ts ( ! he>t & ! s]i\s que/s & modes ( sympa?y :i* are ?us inevitable1 may rema9 unkn[n to ! _w4 77 ,a "t mu/1 h[ev]1 arrive = a s\l ( ?is type 9 :i* x becomes uniquely affect$ at "o def9ite po9t ( atta*m5t 9 t inw>d worlds x conc5trates ! :ole ( its undivid$ p[]s 9 "o supreme =m ( emotion t dom9ates its life-curr5t2 x adh]es to ?is ) a =ce t refuses to be div]t$1 & secures happ9ess !re91 or goes to gr\nd f lack ( support4 ,to reta9 a hold on life a man requires a con/antly exp&+ bread? ( e?ical su/5ance1 :i* alone supplies an objective /ability4 ,to ?is type ( "* belong "s ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ figures 9 romantic art1 ^: full p]fection ( beauty we %all f9d among ! creations ( ,%akespe>e4 ,z an illu/ration we may take ! ,juliet 9 8 ,romeo & ,juliet4 ,x is possible at ?is mom5t to see a reproduction ( ?is play 9 ?is city#bgh4 ,x is well wor? go+ to4 ,! picture we h giv5 u !re ( ?is "* is a mov+1 lifelike1 passionate1 tal5t$1 highly f9i%$ & noble "o4 ,b = all t x is possible to ent]ta9 a some:at diff]5t conception ( ! "p4 ,9 o!r words1 we may figure = ourselves a maid5 9 ! fir/ in/ance simple z a *ild1 ( only f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s ( age1 :o1 x is q cle>1 has z yet no self-k or _w wisdom1 no emotional activity1 no /rong incl9ation or wi%es ( ! he>t1 b has r glanc$ into ! motley %[ ( ! _w z into "s lat]na magica )\t le>n+ any?+ f x1 or reflect+ ^u :at is se5 !re4 ,all 9 a tw9kl+ we behold ! developm5t ( ! entire /r5g? ( ?is s\l1 ( its artfulness#bgi1 its circumspection1 its =ce2 x is prep>$ to sacrifice ev]y?+ & to submit itself to ! sev]e/ ordeals1 s t 9 its entirety x n[ sudd5ly appe>s to be ! fir/ break+ =? ( ! full rose 9 all its petals & folds1 an inf9ite outbur/ ( ! inn]mo/ purity :i* gu%es f ! spr+ s\rce ( ! s\l1 9 :i* x _h held itself back previ\sly z yet undisc]n$1 unm\ld$ & undevelop$2 :i* moreov]1 z ! n[ exi/+ creation ( "o awak5$ int]e/1 betrays itself unprem$itat$ 9 ! fulness & /r5g? ( its beauty f ! previ\s seclusion ( _s4 ,x is a br& :i* "o sp>k has k9dl$1 a bud :i* at ! fir/ b>e t\* ( love breaks unaw>es be=e u 9 full bloom4 ,& yet ! fa/] x unfolds ! m rapidly x also s9ks1 & its petals fall f x4 ,an impetu\s progress is /ill m conspicu\s 9 ! case ( ,mir&a4 ,br\ght up 9 seclusion we h h] portray$ = u by ,%akespe>e at ! critical mom5t :5 %e fir/ makes ! acqua9tance ( manhood#bhj4 ,he depicts h] 9 a few sc5es1 b 9 ^? we get a picture t is complete & un=gettable4 ,we may also include ,s*ill]'s ,!cla "u ! same type1 despite ! fact t x is r ! creation ( a reflective k9d ( poetry#bha4 ,?\gh plac$ 9 ! mid/ ( a life ( su* amplitude & ri*ness %e rema9s unaffect$ by x2 %e rema9s )9 x )\t vanity1 )\t reflection1 purely absorb$ by ! "o int]e/ :i* alone dom9ates h] s\l4 ,& z a g5]al rule x is *iefly ! beautiful & noble natures ( wom51 9 :i* ! _w & _! own he>t-life blossoms = ! fir/ "t 9 love1 s t x is z ?\gh _! spiritual bir? "h takes its rise4 ,"u ! same type ( spiritual int5sity1 :i* is unable fully to unfold itself1 we may = ! mo/ "p classify ^? folksongs1 m p>ticul>ly our ,g]man ones1 :i*1 9 ! copi\s compactness ( ! s\l-life !re9 reflect$1 & h[ev] mu* su* is display$ to u z c>ri$ away by any "o absorb+ int]e/1 are yet unable to express ! same except 9 brok5 fla%es1 & !reby fully reveal j ?is v dep?4 ,x is a mode ( arti/ic pres5tm5t1 :i* 9 its res]ve is apt to fall back on ! effects ( symbolism4 ,:at x (f]s u is n s mu* ! op51 transp>5t display ( ! entire inw>d life z x is purely a sign & indication ( t life4 ,b we d n get1 h[ev]1 f x a symbol1 ! significance ( :i*1 z 0 ! case previ\sly1 rema9s a g5]al ab/raction1 b an expression ! inw>d cont5t ( :i* is no?+ m nor less ?an ?is p]sonal1 liv+1 & actual s\l4 ,9 times l our own1 dom9at$ by a critical reflectiv5ess1 :i* lies s f> remov$ f a self-absorb$ navet ( ?is k9d1 su* pres5tations are ( ! greate/ difficulty1 & if successful1 are a sure pro( ( an orig9al creative g5ius4 ,we h already se5 t ,goe!1 m p>ticul>ly 9 8 lyrics1 has %[n himself a ma/] 9 ?is respect1 namely1 t he c depict & unfold to u 9 a symbolical way1 9 o!r words ) a few simple1 app>5tly ext]nal & insignificant traits1 ! entire tru? & inf9ite weal? ( a s\l4 ,8 poem1 ,! ,k+ ( ,?ule1 "o ( 8 mo/ lovely bits ( poetical "w1 is ( ?is class4 ,! k+ "h makes u aw>e ( 8 love by j "o ?+ only1 namely1 ! dr9k+ cup :i* ! old man pres]v$ z a gift ( 8 belov$4 ,! old c>\s] /&s up !re on ! po9t ( dea? 9 8 l(ty palace hall2 8 knights1 8 k+dom1 8 possessions are ar\nd him2 & he bequea?s !m all to 8 heir1 b ! goblet he fl+s into ! waves2 no "o %all h t4 _/ ,er sah ihn /rz51 tr9k51 ,und s9k5 tief 9's ,me]1 ,die ,aug5 ?t5 ihm s9k51 ,trank nie e9 ,tropf5 mehr#bhb4 _/ ,a s\l1 h[ev] pr(\nd & /ill ( ?is k9d1 :i* reta9s its en]gy ( _s p5t up l ! sp>k 9 ! fl9t1 unop5$ to =m1 :i* does n elaborate its exi/5ce & reflection beyond its own b\nd>ies1 has also fail$ to free itself by su* expansion4 ,x rema9s expos$ to ! remorseless contradiction t1 if ! false note ( unhapp9ess r+ ?r\gh its life1 x possesses no rem$ial aptitude1 no bridge z a way ( passage betwe5 ! he>t & reality2 x is equally unable to w>d (f ext]nal conditions f itself1 & by s do+ to pres]ve an indep5d5t gr\nd ( vantage 9 its own self-reliance4 ,:5 ! collision comes !re=e x is helpless2 x acts ha/ily & )\t circumspection1 or b[s passively to ! movem5t ( ev5ts4 ,s1 = example1 we h 9 ,hamlet a beautiful & noble s\l2 "o n s mu* spiritually weak1 b "o t w&]s a/ray )\t a /rong grasp ( life's realities1 mov+ 9 an atmosph]e ( dejection1 a sombre & half articulate melan*oly4 ,gift$ ) a f9ely intuitive s5se he feels t all is n well ) him1 t ?+s are n z !y %\ld be ?\gh he has no ext]nal sign1 no s+le gr\nd = suspicion2 nev]!less he surmises ! atroci\s de$ t has be5 p]petrat$4 ,! gho/ ( 8 fa!r gives yet clos] embodim5t to 8 feel+s4 ,he is at once ready 9 _s to rev5ge1 8 s5se ( duty is always be=e him reflect+ ! inn]mo/ crav+ ( 8 he>t1 b he is n c>ri$ away ) ! flood1 z ,macbe?2 he _c ei!r kill1 rage1 or /rike ) ! directness ( a ,la]tes2 he p]si/s 9 ! inactivity ( a beautiful1 introspective s\l1 :i* c nei!r realize its aims nor make itself at home 9 ! conditions ( actual life4 ,he dallies1 seeks = m positive c]ta9ty buoy$ up by ! fair integrity ( 8 s\l2 he c1 h[ev]1 come to no firm decision1 mu* z he has s\ght x1 & p]mits himself to foll[ ! c\rse ( ext]nal ev5ts4 ,9 ?is atmosph]e ( unreality he goes yet fur!r a/ray 9 matt]s t lie directly 9 8 pa?2 he kills ! old ,polonius in/ead ( ! k+2 he acts 9 a hurry :]e he %\ld h be5 m circumspect1 yet p]si/s 9 8 self absorption1 :]e decid$ action is ess5tial2 until at l5g?1 )\t any action on 8 "p1 ! fat$ dn\em5t ( ! entire drama1 includ+ t ( 8 own p]si/5tly self-retir+ p]sonality1 has unravell$ itself on ! broad highway ( ,life's ext]nal incid5ts & accid5ts4 ,we are p>ticul>ly pres5t$ ) ?is attitude 9 mod]n times among m5 ( ! l[] levels ( life1 :o are )\t an education :i* ext5ds to aims ( univ]sal significance1 or are devoid ( ! v>iety ( objective int]e/s4 ,consequ5tly :5 "s p>ticul> aim ( _! life fails !y are unable to secure any fur!r /ay ( _! spiritual =ces & a c5tre ( control = _! activities4 ,?is lack ( education t5ds to make res]v$ natures1 9 proportion z x is undevelop$1 adh]e ) ! m rigidness & ob/9acy to t :i*1 ?r\gh its appeal to _! entire individuality1 makes a claim ^u !m h[ev] limit$ 9 its range x may be4 ,we f9d pre-em95tly su* a monoton\s attitude incid5tal to ?is class ( self-absorb$ & spee*less m5 among ,g]man *>act]s1 :o = ?is reason appe> 9 _! seclusion incl9$ to /ubbornness1 ready to bri/le up1 crabb$1 inaccessible1 & 9 _! deal+s & expressions :olly unreliable & contradictory4 ,z a ma/] 9 ! del9eation & exposition ( su* obtuse *>act]s ( ! poor] classes we w m5tion b "o example1 ,hippel1 ! au?or ( ,life's ,c>e]s 9 ! ,l9e ( ,asc5t1#bhc "o ( our few ,g]man works /amp$ ) orig9al hum\r4 ,he keeps himself :olly remov$ f ,jean ,paul's s5tim5tality & want ( ta/e 9 plot con/ruction1 & possesses moreov] an a/oni%+ individuality1 fre%ness1 & vitality4 ,he und]/&s1 9 q an exceptional way1 & "o t seizes on our int]e/ at once1 h[ to depict ! ?ickset type ( p :o are unable to brea! freely & :o consequ5tly1 :5 !y d give !mselves ! re91 d s ) a viol5ce t is simply fe>ful4 ,!y put an end ( _! own accord to ! inf9ite contradiction ( _! spiritual life & ! unhappy circum/ances 9 :i* !y are involv$ 9 an appall+ mann]2 & br+ ab\t by su* means t :i* is o!rwise ! result ( an ext]nal fate1 z we f9d1 = in/ance1 9 ,romeo & ,juliet1 :]e ext]nal accid5ts m> all ! wise & able (fices ( ! holy fa!r's int]v5tion & cause ! dea? ( ! lov]s4 7c7 ,we f9d1 !n1 t *>act]s ( ?is =mal quality g5]ally ei!r expose m]ely ! inf9ite volitional =ce ( ! individual's p]sonality1 :i* ass]ts itself frankly j z x is & /orms ahead 9 ! b>e impulse ( ! w2 or1 to take ! fur!r aspect1 pres5t to u an ess5tial self-conta9$#bhd1 if n :olly articulate s\l1 :i*1 affect$ z x becomes by "o specific aspect ( its spiritual exp]i5ce1 conc5trates ! entire bread? & dep? ( its p]sonality on ?is po9t1 yet1 ow+ to ! fact ( its possess+ no developm5t ext]nally1 is unable to f9d its prop] place or to act ) practical s5se :5 x comes into collision ) t _w4 ,we h yet a ?ird po9t#bhe to m5tion1 :i* consi/s 9 ?is1 t :5 *>act]s ( ?is type1 :olly "o-sid$ & re/rict$ z !y are 9 respect to _! aims if at ! same "t fully develop$ 9 m5tal p[]1 awake 9 u n m]ely a =mal1 b also a sub/antial int]e/1 we _c fail to receive ! impression t ?is limitation ( _! p]sonal life is itself only a condition t is inevitable2 9 o!r words x is a result :i* gr[s out ( ! p>ticul> way 9 :i* _! "* is def9$ along ) ! pr(\nd] cont5t ( _! p]sonal life4 ,%akespe>e 9 fact enables u to see ?is dep? & weal? 9 su* *>act]s4 ,he pres5ts !m to u z m5 ( imag9ative p[] & g5ius by %[+ h[ _! reflective faculty comm&s !m & lifts !m above t :i* _! condition & def9ite purpose w\ld make !m1 s t !y are all ! :ile z x 7 =c$ by ! mis=tune ( circum/ances & ! ob/acles ( _! position into do+ t :i* !y accompli%4 ,at ! same "t we d n mean ?is to ! ext5t ( ass]t+1 = example1 t ! bad wit*es 7 to blame = all t ,macbe? d>$ aft] consult+ !m4 ,^! wit*es are r to be look$ at z ! reflex ( 8 own ob/9ate w4 ,all t ! *>act]s ( ,%akespe>e execute1 t is ! p>ticul> purpose !y propose1 orig9ates & f9ds ! taproot ( its =ce 9 _! own p]sonality4 ,b along ) ?is !y ma9ta9 9 "o & ! same individuality a l(t9ess1 :i* bru%es aside t :i* !y actually are1 s f> z _! aims1 int]e/s1 & actions are conc]n$1 & :i* amplifies !m & exalts !m above !mselves4 ,9 l mann] ,%akespe>e's m vulg> *>act]s1 su* z ,/ephano1 ,tr9culo1 ,pi/ol1 & t h]o among !m all1 ,fal/aff1 ?\gh saturat$ ) _! own debasem5t1 ass]t !mselves z fell[s ( intellig5ce1 ^: g5ial quality is able to take 9 ev]y?+1 to possess a l>ge & op5 atmosph]e ( its own1 & 9 %ort makes !m all t great m5 are4 ,9 ! trag$ies ( ! ,fr5* on ! contr>y ev5 ! greate/ & mo/ wor?y *>act]s only too frequ5tly1 if view$ critically1 ass]t !mselves z s _m evil (f%oots ( ! brute creation1 ^: only intellig5ce consi/s 9 ?is t x c furni% dialectical argum5ts 9 its v9dication4 ,9 ,%akespe>e we f9d nei!r v9dication nor damnation1 b m]ely a review ( ! g5]al condition ( de/9y1 :i* inevitably places su* *>act]s uncompla9+ & unrep5tant :]e !y are1 & f ! />t+-po9t ( :i* !y see ev]y?+1 !mselves includ$2 & yet z indep5d5t spectators ( !mselves decl9e & fall4 ,9 all ^! respects ! realm :i* is peopl$ by su* individual *>act]s is an inf9itely ri* "o1 a k+dom1 h[ev]1 :i* v easily collapses 9 holl[ness & dulness1 s t only q a few ma/]s h receiv$ ! gifts ( poetical & intuitional p[] suffici5t to enable !m to reveal its tru?4 #b4 ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,adv5ture ,n[ t we h exam9$ ! aspect ( ! inw>d s\l-life1 :i* may1 at ?is /age ( our inquiry1 be pres5t$ by art1 we mu/ direct our att5tion to t :i* lies )\t x1 to ! p>ticul>ity ( circum/ances & situations :i* affect "*1 also to ! collisions 9 :i* its developm5t proce$s1 & f9ally review ! entire collective =m1 :i* ?is inw>d life assumes )9 ! b\nd>ies ( concrete reality4 ,x is1 z we h m ?an once po9t$ out1 a fundam5tal det]m9ant ( romantic art1 t ! spiritual s5se1 9 o!r words1 ! s\l 9 its aspect ( self-reflection1 %\ld con/itute a :ole1 & relates itself = ?is reason to ! ext]nal _w1 n1 9 its own reality1 int]-p5etrat$ by ?is _w1 b z ?\gh relat$ to some?+ purely ext]nal & sep>at$ f x1 :i* goes on its way indep5d5tly disjo9$ f ,_s1 is ?us evolv$1 & ?us disposes ( itself z a f9ite & cont9u\sly fluid1 *ang+1 & complicate object ( cont+5t causality#bhf4 ,to ! self-absorb$ s\l x is z :olly a matt] ( indiff]5ce :at p>ticul> circum/ances x confronts1 z x is an affair ( *ance :at ^? circum/ances are :i* appe> be=e x4 ,= 9 its action x is less a matt] ( importance t x %\ld c>ry out a "w ^: ess5tial basis is root$ 9 itself & owes its subsi/5cy to its own "* ?an t x %\ld g5]ally make itself effective 9 action4 7a7 ,we h1 9 %ort1 be=e u "h a process :i* we may f "o po9t ( view describe z ! rejection ( ! ,div9e f ,nature4 ,_s has "h )drawn itself f ! ext]nality ( ph5om5a1 :i*1 = ! reason t ! inw>d life no long] sees itself reflect$ 9 ?is sph]e#bhg1 is n[ indep5d5tly clo!d on its "p "u a relation ( indiff]5ce ext]ior to ! subject ( consci\sness4 ,relatively to its tru? ,_s is1 no d\bt1 9 its own m$ium m$iat$ & reconcil$ ) ! ,absolute3 b 9 s f> z we n[ take up our position on ! gr\nd ( self-subsi/5t individuality1 :i* proce$s f itself z x discov]s itself 9 its imm$iacy1 ?is dive/+ ( ! ,div9e#bhh affects "* 9 its active capacity4 ,x moves =w>d1 t is to say1 ) its own cont+5t aims into a _w equally subject to *ance1 ) :i* x fails to unite itself 9 an ess5tially h>moni\s :ole4 ,?is relative "* ( purpose 9 an environm5t :i* is relative1 ^: det]m9ation & developm5t does n subsi/ 9 ! individual m9d1 b is def9$ ext]nally & cont+5tly & is responsible = collisions equally adv5titi\s1 :i* appe> z (f%oots t are unexpect$ly int]wov5 ) x1 creates t to :i* we give ! "n ( ! adv5tur\s1 :i* supplies ! fundam5tal type ( romance = ! mode ( its ev5ts & actions4 ,x is necess>y t ! action & dramatic ev5t 9 s f> z !y apply /rictly to ! ,ideal & classic art1 %\ld be ref]able to an ess5tially true or1 9 o!r words1 indep5d5tly explicit & necess>y end1 9 ^: con=mation t :i* is also ! det]m9at+ factor = ! ext]nal =m1 = ! p>ticul> type & mode ( execution1 is an object ( real exi/5ce4 ,9 ! case ( ! acts & ev5ts ( romantic art ?is is n ! case4 ,=1 al?\gh ess5tially univ]sal & sub/antive ends are also pres5t$ 9 _! mann] ( realization by ?is type1 ! def9ition ( ! action :i* is ref]able to su* ends1 & ! pr9ciple ( co-ord9ation & articulation :i* appe>s 9 its progress on its spiritual side#bhi is n ! direct result ( ^? ends !mselves2 ?is aspect ( realization is inevitably left indep5d5t & subject to ! op]ation ( cont+5cy4 77 ,! romantic _w _h "o & only "o absolute "w to accompli%1 namely1 ! ext5sion ( ,*ri/5dom1 & ! br++ into manife/ p]=mance ! _s ( ! community#bij4 ,situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( a ho/ile _w consi/+ 9 "p ( ! unbeliev+ anci5t rgime1 & 9 "p ( a human life :i* 0 b>b>\s & co>se1 ! "* ( its actual accompli%m5t1 9 s f> z x pass$ f m]e !ory to de$s1 01 9 ! ma91 ! passive endurance ( pa9 & torture1 ! sacrifice ( its own temporal exi/5ce = ! et]nal salvation ( ! s\l4 ,a fur!r product ( its en]gies1 :i* is equally a portion ( ! same ess5tial cont5t1 is1 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 t c>ri$ out by ,*ri/ian ,*ivalry1 ! driv+ =? ( ! ,moors1 ,arabs1 & ,mohamm$ans g5]ally f ,*ri/ian c\ntries1 &1 above all1 along ) x1 ! conque/ ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re 9 ! ,crusades4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n an object :i* affect$ man simply z human#bia1 b "o :i* a m]e collection ( isolat$ individuals _h to accompli% "u conditions 9 :i* ! individuals :i* compos$ x /ream$ toge!r at _! own free w & pleasure z su*4 ,f su* a po9t ( view we may call ! ,crusades ! collective adv5ture ( ! ,*ri/ian ,middle ,ages2 an adv5ture1 :i* 0 ess5tially subject to lapses#bib1 & fanta/ical1 ( a spiritual t5d5cy1 & yet devoid ( a truly spiritual aim1 & 9 its relation to action & "* delusive4 ,= 9 its relation to ! processes ( religion1 ! supreme object ( ! ,crusades is 9 ! highe/ degree empty & ext]nal4 ,*ri/ianity purport$ to secure its salvation solely 9 ,_s1 9 ,*ri/1 :o is rais$ to ! "r h& ( ,god2 x f9ds its liv+ reality & /ay 9 ,_s1 n 9 ! grave ( ,_s1 or 9 ! s5su\s1 imm$iately pres5t localities ( its =m] temporal abid+-place4 ,! impulse & religi\s ye>n+ ( ! ,middle ,ages1 h[ev]1 0 c5tr$ on ! spot1 ! ext]nal locality ( ! ,passion & ! ,holy ,sepul*re4 ,9 j ! same direct contradiction ) ! religi\s object we f9d t :olly worldly "o :i* 0 b\nd up ) conque/2 a possession1 :i* 9 its relation to ! secul> _w1 c>ri$ a totally diff]5t "* to t ( a truly religi\s purpose4 ,m5 w\ld fa9 w9 = !mselves :at 0 spiritual & heal? to _! s\ls1 & !y set be=e !m z an aim a purely mat]ial locality1 f :i* ,_s _h vani%$2 !y /ra9$ aft] a ga9 t 0 temporal1 & unit$ ?is :i* 0 ( ! _w to ! pure sub/ance ( religion4 ,x is ?is di/raction :i* gives u ! discordant & fanta/ic note 9 su* ent]prises 9 :i* we f9d t :i* is ( ! _w conf\nd ! life ( s\l1 or ! latt] prove ! conf\nd+ ( ! =m] in/ead ( a h>mony :i* is ! result ( bo?4 ,& = ! same reason mu* t is contradictory appe>s 9 ! execution unresolv$4 ,piety is c>ri$ to ! po9t ( rawness & b>b>\s cruelty4 ,& ?is rawness p]mits e k9d ( selfi%ness & passion to break =?1 or ca/s itself conv]sely once m ^u ! et]nal dep?s :i* ei!r move or bruise ! human _s1 & :i* are1 9 tru?1 ! he>t & sub/ance ( ! matt]4 ,9 ! m$ley ( elem5ts s discrepant1 !re is also an abs5ce ( all unity 9 ! object propos$ by ! exploits & ev5ts !mselves1 or 9 ! consequ5tial p[] ( au?ority4 ,! ho/ ( m5 is div]t$ & split up 9 s+le adv5tures1 victories1 defeats1 & a v>iety ( accid5ts2 & ! outcome ( x all fails to correspond to ! means & enorm\s prep>ations :i* 7 involv$4 ,nay1 ! object itself is /ultifi$ 9 ! execution4 ,= ! ,crusades w\ld once aga9 br+ tru? to ! s5t5ce3 ,?\ c\ld/ n leave him 9 peace 9 ! grave1 ?\ did/ n suff] ?y holy "o to see corruption4 ,b x is precisely ?is long+ to f9d ,*ri/ & spiritual cont5t 9 su* places & spaces1 ev5 ! grave itself1 ! place ( dea?1 :i* is itself1 :atev] ess5tial wor? ev5 a ,*ateaubri& may make out ( x1 a corruption ( ,_s1 out ( :i* ,*ri/ianity mu/ rise 9 resurrection 9 ord] to return once m to ! fre% & abundant life ( ! concrete _w4 ,an object ( mu* ! same k9d1 my/ical f "o po9t ( view1 equally fanta/ical f ano!r1 & adv5tur\s 9 its und]tak+1 is ! se>* ( ! ,holy ,grail4 77 ,a m exalt$ emprise is t :i* e man has to g ?r\gh 9 8 own doma91 8 life1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he det]m9es 8 et]nal de/9y4 ,x is ?is object :i* ,dante has1 consi/5tly ) ! ca?olic /&po9t1 seiz$ ^u 9 8 ,div9e ,com$y z he conducts u 9 turn ?r\gh hell1 purgatory1 & p>adise4 ,9 ?is poem1 too1 despite ! /r5u\s co-ord9ation ( ! :ole1 we h abundant evid5ce ( conceptions :i* are fanta/ic#bic1 aspects t are suffus$ ) ! _s ( adv5ture1 9 s f>1 at any rate1 z ?is "w 9 its bless+ & curs+ is n c>ri$ ?r\gh m]ely 9 ! explicit =m ( univ]sal /atem5t1 b z ref]able to an almo/ innum]able company ( di/9ct p]sonalities1 n to m5tion ! fact t ! poet takes ^u himself ! fiat ( 8 *ur*1 seizes ! keys ( heav5 9 8 h&1 adjudicates bo? bliss & damnation1 & s con/itutes himself ! judge ( ! v _w1 :o places ! be/ kn[n individuals bo? ( ! anci5t & ,*ri/ian eras1 :e!r poets1 citiz5s1 c>d9als1 or popes1 respectively 9 hell1 purgatory1 or p>adise4 77 ,! rema9+ mat]ial1 on ! basis ( ! worldly life1 :i* leads up to action & ev5t1 consi/s 9 ! inf9itely manifold & v5turesome exp]im5ts ( imag9ative idea1 all t elem5t ( *ance 9 :at arises ei!r )\t or )9 ! s\l f love1 hon\r1 & fidelity4 ,at "o "t we may see m5 ?us affect$ box ! compass = _! own reputation's sake1 at ano!r leap to help p]secut$ innoc5ce1 c>ry out amaz+ exploits 9 def5ce ( ! hon\r ( _! lady1 or v9dicate "s "r t is invad$ ) ! /r5g? ( _! own arm1 & ! able use ( _! own weapons2 & ?is albeit ! innoc5ce :i* is deliv]$ prove only a company ( knaves4 ,9 ! majority ( su* cases !re is absolutely no condition1 no situation1 no conflict be=e u 9 virtue ( :i* we c ass]t t action foll[s z a necess>y result4 ,! s\l simply wills x & int5tionally looks out = adv5ture4 ,! exploits ( love1 = in/ance1 9 su* cases h = ! mo/ "p1 if we look at _! m specific cont5t1 no o!r real pr9ciple ( det]m9ation beyond ! ef=t to give pro( ( ! /eadfa/ness1 fidelity1 & con/ancy ( love1 to te/ify t all ! surr\nd+ _w1 toge!r ) ! entire complexus ( its relations1 is m]ely ( value z s mu* mat]ial 9 :i* love may be br\ght to light4 ,= ?is reason ! specific act ( su* manife/ation1 s9ce ! only ?+ t matt]s is ! pro(1 is n det]m9$ by its own c\rse1 b is left dep5d5t on a freak ( *ance1 ! mood ( ! lady1 ! caprice ( ext]nal accid5ts4 ,! same pr9ciple holds :]e ! objects are hon\r or brav]y4 ,!y are prop] to an individual :o holds himself f> alo( f all fur!r cont5t ( a m sub/antive "*1 :o is p]fectly able to ent] into any & e cont5t z x may *ance to occur1 to f9d himself ! object ( insult !re91 or to look = an opportunity 9 :i* he may display 8 c\rage & %rewdness4 ,z we h "h absolutely no crit]ion z to :at %\ld or :at %\ld n =m "p ( ?is cont5t1 9 ! same way also we h no pr9ciple 9 accordance ) :i* we c fix :at 9 ea* case is really an attack ^u hon\r or ! true subject-matt] ( brav]y4 ,x is j ! same ) ! treatm5t ( "r1 :i* is likewise an object ( *ivalry4 ,9 o!r words1 "r & law are "h n z yet ass]t$ z a condition & object :i* is ( ess5tially indep5d5t /ability1 or z a sy/em :i* is cont9u\sly made m p]fect 9 accordance ) law & its necess>y cont5t1 b z !mselves purely ! product ( individual caprice1 s t _! int]position1 no less ?an ! judgm5t pass$ ^u t :i* 9 e p>ticul> case is held to be "r or wrong1 is ?r\gh\t relegat$ to ! entirely haphaz>d crit]ia ( individual judgm5t4 7b7 ,:at we h be=e u g5]ally1 m p>ticul>ly on ! secul> field1 9 *ivalry & ! =malism ( "* above indicat$1 is n m]ely1 to a m or less degree1 ! cont+5cy ( ! circum/antial conditions ( human action1 b also t ( ! s\l 9 its attitude ( volition4 ,= individuals ( ?is "o-sid$ *>act]ization are capable ( accept+ z ! sub/ance ( _! life t :i* is :olly cont+5t1 conduct t is only su/a9$ by virtue ( ! en]gy ( _! "*1 & is c>ri$ out1 or fails 9 its contact ) ! inevitable collisions :i* ! condition ( ! _w opposes to x4 ,! same ?+ is true ( ! *ivalry :i* receives 9 hon\r1 love1 & fidelity a m l(ty gr\nd ( ju/ification1 & "o entitl$ to rank ) a truly e?ical basis4 ,on ! "o h&1 x is /ill emphatically a matt] ( *ance on acc\nt ( ! p>ticul> aspect ( ! circum/ances on :i* x reacts2 we f9d t "h ! object is to c>ry out aims peculi> to "s p>ticul> p]son1 in/ead ( "s "w ( g5]al significance1 & ! modes ( its atta*m5t ) ! re/ ( life fail to possess indep5d5t /ability4 ,on ! o!r h&1 precisely at ! po9t :]e we consid] su* action z "p ( ! p]sonal life ( individuals1 we are aw>e ( ! pres5ce ( caprice & illusion 9 respect to all t x ei!r projects1 orig9ates1 or und]takes4 ,! net result ( su* a _s ( ent]prise consequ5tly1 ?r\gh all t x p]=ms or ent]s ^u1 no less ?an 9 its ultimate effects1 is no o!r ?an a _w ( ev5ts & fatalities :i* is self-dissolv5t1 a _w ( com$y = ?is v reason4 ,?is self-dissolution ( ,*ivalry we f9d set be=e u & arti/ically reproduc$1 pre-em95tly & ) unsurpass$ adequacy1 by ,ario/o & ,c]vantes1 &1 s f> z x affects ! fate ( su* highly individual *>act]s z ^? above describ$ 9 _! isolation1 by ,%akespe>e4 77 ,9 ,ario/o1 m p>ticul>ly1 an attempt is made to delight ! read] ) ! inf9itely v>i$ developm5ts ( p]sonal de/9y & aims1 ! fabul\s complexity ( fanta/ic relations & ludicr\s situations ov] :i* ! adv5tur\s fancy ( ! poet plays to ! po9t ( absolute frivolity4 ,! h]oes ( ^! dramas are s]i\sly engag$ 9 :at is (t5 unadult]at$ folly & ! wilde/ ecc5tricity4 ,&1 to note especial po9ts1 love is frequ5tly degrad$ f ! ,div9e love ( a ,dante1 or ! romantic t5d]ness ( a ,petr>ca1 to s5sual tales & ludicr\s collisions2 or h]oism appe>s to be screw$ up to a pit* t is s incr$ible x ceases to amaze1 & m]ely excites a smile ov] ! fabul\sness ( su* exploits4 ,by virtue1 h[ev]1 ( ?is indiff]5ce 9 respect to ! p>ticul> mann] 9 :i* dramatic situations are br\ght ab\t1 a/oni%+ complications & conflicts are introduc$1 brok5 (f & once m int]wov51 *opp$ ab\t1 & f9ally resolv$ 9 a surpris+ way2 yet1 despite 8 ludicr\s treatm5t ( *ivalry1 ,ario/o is z able to secure & display to u ! true nobility & greatness :i* we may f9d 9 *ivalry1 or ! exhibition ( c\rage1 love1 hon\r1 & brav]y1 z he c on occasion excell5tly depict o!r passions1 cunn+1 subtlety1 pres5ce ( m9d1 & mu* else4 77 ,j z ,ario/o incl9es m to ! fabul\s elem5t 9 ?is _s ( adv5ture1 ,c]vantes develops t aspect ( x :i* is appropriate to romantic fiction4 ,we f9d 9 8 ,don ,quixote a noble nature 9 ^: adv5tures *ivalry goes mad1 ! sub/ance ( su* adv5tures be+ plac$ z ! c5tre ( a /able & well-def9$ /ate ( ?+s ^: ext]nal "* is copi$ ) exactness f nature4 ,?is produces ! humor\s contradiction ( a rationally con/itut$ _w on ! "o h&1 & an isolat$ s\l on ! o!r1 :i* seeks to create ! same ord] & /ability entirely ?r\gh 8 own ex]tions & ! knight-errantry :i* c\ld only de/roy x4 ,despite1 h[ev]1 ?is ludicr\s confusion we h /ill 9 ,don ,quixote t :i* we h already eulogiz$ 9 ,%akespe>e4 ,c]vantes has creat$ 9 8 h]o an orig9al figure ( noble nature end[$ ) v>i$ spiritual qualities1 & "o :i* at ! same "t ?r\gh\t reta9s our full int]e/4 ,9 all ! madness ( 8 m9d & 8 ent]prise he is a completely consi/5t#bid s\l1 or r 8 madness lies 9 ?is1 t he is & rema9s securely root$ 9 himself & 8 ent]prise4 ,)\t ?is unreflect+ equanimity respectively to ! cont5t & result ( 8 actions he w\ld fail to be a truly romantic figure2 & ?is self-assur$ness1 if we look at ! sub/antive "* ( 8 op9ions1 is ?r\gh\t great & indicative ( 8 g5ius1 adorn$ z x is ) ! f9e/ traits ( "*4 ,&1 fur!r1 ! entire "w is a satire ^u ! *ivalry ( romance1 ironical f beg9n+ to end 9 ! true/ s5se4 ,9 ,ario/o ?is g5ius ( adv5ture is m]ely ! butt ( frivol\s je/4 ,f ano!r po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 ! exploits ( ,don ,quixote are m]ely ! c5tral ?read ar\nd :i* a succession ( g5u9ely romantic tales are int]tw9$ 9 ! mo/ *>m+ way1 9 ord] to unfold ! true wor? ( t :i* ! romance 9 o!r respects scatt]s to ! w9ds ) ! g5ius ( com$y4 77 ,9 some:at ! same way z we ?us h se5 *ivalry1 ev5 9 respect to its mo/ mom5t\s int]e/s1 ov]turn$ 9 com$y1 ,%akespe>e1 too1 ei!r places ! *>act]s & sc5es ( com$y 9 juxtaposition to 8 d[nright & /able individualities1 & tragic situations & conflicts1 or exalts ! ess5tial figures ( 8 drama ?r\gh a pr(\nd hum\r above !mselves & _! unc\?1 limit$1 & false purposes4 ,fal/aff1 ! fool 9 ,le>1 ! musician sc5e 9 ,romeo & ,juliet1 w suffici5tly illu/rate ! fir/ alt]native1 & ,ri*>d ,,iii ! second4 7c7 ,! dissolution ( romance1 9 ! s5se we h hi!rto reg>d$ x1 introduces u f9ally & 9 ! ?ird place to ! _s ( ! novel#bie1 9 our mod]n s5se ( ! t]m1 :i* hi/orically ! knight-errantry & pa/oral romances prec$e4 ,?is _s ( mod]n fiction is1 9 fact1 t ( *ivalry1 once m tak5 s]i\sly & receiv+ a true cont5t4 ,! cont+5t "* ( ext]nal exi/5ce has *ang$ to a /able1 secure ord] ( civic society & /ate-life1 s t n[ police adm9i/ration1 tribunals ( ju/ice1 ! army & political gov]nm5t g5]ally take ! place ( ^? *im]ical objects :i* ! knight ( *ivalry propos$ to himself4 ,= ?is reason ! knightly "* ( ! h]oes :o play _! p>ts 9 our mod]n novels is alt]$4 ,confront$ by ! exi/+ ord] & ! ord9>y prose ( life !y appe> be=e u z individuals ) p]sonal aims ( love1 hon\r1 ambition1 & ideals ( _w re=m1 ideals 9 ! pa? ( :i* t ord] pres5ts ob/acles on e side4 ,! result is t p]sonal desires & dem&s unroll !mselves#bif be=e ?is opposition to unfa?omable heights4 ,e man f9ds himself face to face ) an en*ant$ _w t is by no means all t he asks =1 :i* he mu/ cont5d ) = ! reason t x cont5ds ) himself1 & 9 its t5aci\s /ability refuses to give way be=e 8 passions1 b int]poses z an ob/acle ! w ( "s "o else :oev] x may be1 8 fa!r's1 8 aunt's1 or social conditions g5]ally4 ,= ! mo/ "p su* a knigh?ood w consi/ ( "y p1 :o feel x incumb5t ^u !m to hew _! way ?r\gh a _w :i* makes = its own realization r ?an t ( _! ideals1 & :o hold x a mis=tune t !re %\ld be family ties1 civic society1 /ate laws1 pr(essions1 & all ! re/ ( su* ?+s at all1 because conditions ( su* solidity & s inevitably re/rict$ are s cruelly oppos$ to _! ideal dreams & ! inf9ite claims ( _! s\ls4 ,! ma9 object n[ is to drive a brea* ?r\gh ?is wall ( facts1 to *ange1 to improve1 or at lea/ c>ve = !mselves 9 despite ( x "s little heav5 on e>? su* z !y seek =1 _! ideal maid51 discov] h]1 w9 h] f ! clut*es ( h] wick$ relations or h] evil circum/ances1 c>ry h] (f & lay ! balm ( love on h] w\nds4 ,conflicts ( ?is k9d1 h[ev]1 9 our mod]n _w are ! appr5tice ye>s1 ! education ( individuality 9 ! actual _w2 !y h no fur!r significance1 b ! significance has1 nev]!less1 a real value4 ,! object & consummation ( su* appr5tice%ip consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! individual drops 8 horns & f9ds 8 own place1 toge!r ) 8 wi%es & op9ions 9 social conditions z !y are & ! rational ord] :i* belongs to !m1 t he ent]s1 9 %ort1 ^u ! v>i$ field ( life1 & secures t position )9 x :i* is appropriate to 8 p[]s4 ,h[ev] s\ndly he may h rat$ ! _w & h be5 %ov$ on "o side1 ! day comes at la/ ) ! mo/ ( u :5 ! maid5 is discov]$ & "s k9d ( place 9 ! _w1 he m>ries1 & is z mu* a ,phili/9e z ! re/ ( 8 neighb\rs4 ,8 wife takes *>ge ( 8 dome/ic arrangem5ts2 *ildr5 d n fail to put 9 an appe>ance2 ! adorable wife :o 0 s unique1 an angel1 acts v mu* z o!r wives d2 ! pr(ession supplies its toils & vexations1 ! m>ri$ tie its dome/ic sorr[s1 &1 9 %ort1 we h ! entire process ( m>ital cat]waul+ once m illu/rat$4 ,9 ?is hi/ory we may see ! same old type ( ! adv5tur\s _s ) ?is di/9ction1 t "h t _s discov]s its real significance1 & all t is :olly fanta/ic 9 x receives its necess>y correction4 #c4 ,,! ,,dissolution ,,( ,,! ,,romantic ,,type ,,( ,,art ,! la/ po9t :i* we h to e/abli% /ill m closely is t relatively to :i* ! romantic _s1 = ! reason t x already is intr9sically ! pr9ciple ( ! dissolution ( ! classic ,ideal1 manife/s1 9 fact1 ?is dissolution cle>ly z su* a process4 ,9 ?is connection x is ( ! fir/ importance to consid] ! ultimately complete cont+5t & ext]nal "* ( ! mat]ial1 :i* ! activity ( ! arti/ seizes on & in=ms4 ,9 ! pla/ic mat]ial ( ! pla/ic arts ! spiritual conception is s relat$ to ! ext]nal m$ium t ?is ext]nal %[ is ! embodim5t :i* uniquely belongs to t spiritual significance itself1 & possesses no real indep5d5ce ap>t f x4 ,9 romantic art1 on ! contr>y1 9 :i* we f9d ! inw>dness ( ,_s )draws )9 its own doma91 ! entire cont5t ( ! ext]nal _w secures ! fre$om ( unfett]$ indep5d5ce & ! assur$ subsi/5cy ( its own peculi> "* & p>ticul>ity4 ,conv]sely1 z we h se51 if ! p]sonal life ( s\l =ms ! ess5tial feature 9 ! arti/ic product1 x is a "q ( simil> indiff]5ce ) :at specific cont5t ( ext]nal reality & ! spiritual _w ! s\l is vitally connect$4 ,! romantic ,idea c !re=e ass]t itself ?r\gh e sort ( condition2 c embrace e conceivable position1 circum/ance1 relation1 ab]ration1 confusion1 conflict1 & means ( satisfaction2 x is simply its own p]sonal & self-subsi/5t mode ( con=mation1 ! expression & receptive =m ( ! s\l r ?an any objective indep5d5tly valid =m :i* is ! object ( se>* & is made good4 ,9 ! repres5tation ( romantic art !re=e ev]y?+ has its due place1 all ! dep>tm5ts & ph5om5a ( life1 ! greate/ & ! lea/1 ! highe/ & mo/ insignificant1 :at is moral ) t :i* is immoral & evil4 ,& we may fur!r note 9 p>ticul> t ! m secul> ! art becomes1 ! m x amasses ! f9ite weal? ( ! _w1 ! m x takes to x )1 delight1 be/[s ^u x a validity t is )\t res]ve & exi/s = ! arti/ 9 su* a _w "u ! sole condition t x is reproduc$ 9 its nak$ reality1 s mu* ! m is art at home ) itself4 ,?us we may obs]ve 9 ,%akespe>e1 on acc\nt ( ! fact t ) him ! action z a rule runs its c\rse 9 ! mo/ reali/ic association ) objective life1 & is isolat$ & brok5 up 9 a mass ( purely accid5tal relations1 & conditions ( e k9d1 ! lea/ important & mo/ incid5tal no less ?an ! mo/ sov]eign flights & mo/ weighty int]e/s ( poetry are ea* & all sub/antiat$4 ,s 9 ,hamlet we h ! s5try on wat* no less ?an ! royal c\rt2 9 ,romeo & ,juliet ! dome/ic mnage2 9 o!r pieces1 n to m5tion cl[ns1 swa%buckl]s1 & all ! vulg>ities ( ord9>y life1 we h pot-h\ses1 c>ri]s1 *amb]-pots & fleas1 mu* z 9 ! repres5tations by romantic art ( ! bir? ( ,*ri/ & ! adoration ( ! k+s we d n fail to f9d ox5 & asses1 mang]s & /raw#big4 ,& ?is is ! k9d ( ?+ ?r\gh\t1 t ! scriptural text may receive its fulfilm5t1 too1 9 art1 !y t are ( l[ e/ate %all be exalt$4 ,x is f out ?is cont+5t sph]e ( its subject-matt]1 :i* 9 a measure ass]ts itself z m]ely ! environm5t ( a cont5t intr9sically m important & 9 "p also 9 absolute indep5d5ce1 t ! d[nfall ( romantic art issues1 to :i* we h already above adv]t$4 ,9 o!r words we h1 on ! "o h&1 objective reality plac$ be=e u 9 :at is f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,ideal its prosaic objectivity1 t is1 ! cont5t ( ev]yday life1 :i* is n grasp$ 9 ! sub/antive =m 9 :i* x adumbrates :at is bo? moral & div9e1 b r 9 t :i* is = ev] *ang+ & :i* z temporal passes away4 ,&1 9 ! fur!r aspect ( x1 x is also ! subjective condition1 :i*1 ) its emotion & insight1 ) ! pr9ciple & au?ority ( its wit or hum\r1 is able to exalt itself 9 ma/]y ov] ! entire _w ( ! real1 a ma/]y :i* leaves no?+ 9 ! ord9>y connections & significance :]e ! commons5se consci\sness f9ds x1 & is n fully satisfi$ until x has prov$ t ev]y?+ :i* is a "p ( t _w is1 by virtue ( ! =m & relative position :i* x receives f ! view ( x1 mood & supreme gifts ( ! arti/#bih1 itself intr9sically capable ( be+ brok5 up1 &1 z su*1 is = ! arti/ic vision & feel+ dissolv$4 ,we h n[1 9 ?is connection1 fir/1 to add a few words on ! pr9ciple conta9$ 9 ^? v v>i$ works ( art ^: level ( repres5tation approximates closely to ! ord9>y appe>ance ( objective or ext]nal reality1 :at 9 common p>lance is call$ ! imitation ( ,nature4 ,secondly1 we %all h to discuss hum\r z a p]sonal quality 9 ! arti/4 ,x plays a v consid]able "p 9 mod]n art1 & is t :i* 9 ! case ( _m poets di/9ctively supplies ! fundam5tal "* ( _! "w4 ,?irdly1 x rema9s = u to (f] a few sugge/ions1 9 conclusion1 on ! po9t ( view f :i* x is /ill possible = ! art ( to-day to f9d a field = its activities4 7a7 ,! ,arti/ic ,imitation ( :at is ,imm$iately pres5t$ by ,nature ,! realm ( subjects :i* may be includ$ 9 ?is sph]e v ( arti/ic activity may be ext5d$ indef9itely = ! reason t ,art takes = its cont5t "h n t :i* is by its own inh]5t law necess>y#bii1 ! range ( :i* is ess5tially self-conta9$1 b ! cont+5t ph5om5a ( reality 9 _! unlimit$ modifications ( =m & relation1 ,nature & h] kaleidoscopic play ( sep>ate pictures1 ! ev]yday action & affairs ( man 9 8 dep5d5ce on natural conditions & _! means ( 8 satisfaction1 9 8 accid5tal habits also1 attitudes1 activities ( family life1 8 bus9ess z a citiz51 &1 g5]ally1 ! incalculable v>iety ( all t %ifts & *anges 9 ! _w ar\nd u4 ,& = ?is reason ?is art is n m]ely1 9 ! broad s5se t applies m or less to ! romantic _s 9 all its manife/ations1 a type ( portraiture3 r x t5ds to lose itself completely 9 ! mode ( its portrayal1 :e!r x be 9 sculpture1 pa9t+1 or 9 ! descriptions ( poetry4 ,! t5d5cy is to return to ! exact imitation ( ,nature1 9 o!r words1 to ! int5tional approa* to ! cont+5t aspects ( :at is imm$iately be=e ! vision & indep5d5tly ?us pres5t$1 prosaic exi/5ce 9 all its ugl9ess no less ?an its beauty4 ,! "q1 !re=e1 at once sugge/s itself :e!r productions ( ?is "* h any "r to be call$ art at all4 ,no d\bt1 if we simply fix be=e our att5tion ! notion ( arti/ic "w :i* fully corresponds to ! ,ideal1 "w :i* f "o po9t ( view x is ( ! fir/ importance t _! cont5t %all n be ?us intr9sically accid5tal or evanesc5t1 & f ano!r po9t ( view t _! mode ( pres5tation mu/ be adequate 9 all respects to su* a cont5t1 !n su* arti/ic productions z we are n[ consid]+ w unque/ionably appe> to fall %ort4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is ano!r fundam5tal aspect ( art :i* assumes "h an exceptional importance4 ,?is is ! conception & execution ( a "w ( art :i* are p]sonal to ! arti/1 ! aspect1 t is1 ( an individual tal5t1 :i* is able to rema9 true to ! inh]5tly sub/antive life ( ,nature no less ?an ! embodim5ts ( spiritual exp]i5ce ?\gh c>ri$ to ! v limits ( cont+5t condition ) :i* !y may be involv$1 & :i* is fur!r compet5t ?r\gh ! vividness ( its tru? to import a significance into t :i* is by itself insignificant1 no less ?an by ! amaz+ ability ( ! te*nical execution itself4 ,we h consequ5tly to consid] "h ! degree 9 :i* ! s\l1 t is1 ! g5ius & vitality ( ! arti/1 is able to ent] into ! v be+ ( su* objects--:e!r we consid] _! dom9ant idea#cjj1 or ! purely ext]nal =m ( _! appe>ance--& ?us makes !m visible 9 8 art to our eyes4 ,& if we look at x f ?is po9t ( view x w be f\nd impossible to d5y t su* creations h a g5u9e claim to ! "n ( art-products4 ,if we approa* su* m closely we %all f9d t among ! p>ticul> arts poetry & pa9t+ are ! ones :i* are mo/ occupi$ ) _! subject-matt]4 ,=1 on ! "o h&1 we see "h t x is t :i* is itself ess5tially p>ticul> :i* supplies _! cont5t1 & on ! o!r h& x is ! accid5tal ?\gh 9 ?is type ( art ! g5u9e peculi>ities ( ! objective appe>ance :i* is s\ght = z ! mode ( ! reproduction4 ,nei!r ! arts ( ar*itecture1 sculpture1 or music are adapt$ to ! fulfilm5t ( su* a task4 77 ,9 poetry x is ord9>y dome/ic life--! ma9 s\rce1 t is1 ( ! probity1 commons5se _s1 & ! morality ( ev]yday#cja life--:i* is pres5t$ by art 9 ! usual developm5ts ( civic life1 9 sc5es & *>act]s select$ f ! middle & l[] classes4 ,among ! ,fr5* ,did]ot /&s out conspicu\s = ! way 9 :i* he has ?us insi/$ on natural effects & ! imitation ( ! bluntness ( fact4 ,among ,g]mans x 0 ,goe! & ,s*ill] :o1 ) m l(ty aim1 /ruck out a pa? some:at simil> 9 _! y\?1 b r1 )9 ?is naturalness ( life itself & its p>ticul> detail1 s\ght aft] a pr(\nd] cont5t & conflicts ( ess5tial significance4 ,& 9 contra/ to !m we h ,kotzebue & ,iffl&1 bo? ( :om1 9 _! sev]al ways1 ! fir/ ) a sup]ficial rapidity ( conception & execution1 ! second ) a m consci5ti\s accuracy ( detail & a homely k9d ( morality1 gave u ! c\nt]feit ( ! daily life ( _! "t 9 ! prosaic picture ( its m limit$ aspects1 ) b a limit$ s5se1 ei!r ( !m1 = g5u9e poetry4 ,& g5]ally1 we may say1 t x is ,g]man art m ?an any o!r1 & p>ticul>ly t ( our own times1 :i* has fa/5$ ) delight on ?is k9d ( treatm5t till x has rea*$ a sort (4 virtuosity 9 x4 ,9 fact = a long p]iod back ,art 0 m or less some?+ ( a /rang] & a gue/ 9 our c\ntry1 n ! *ild ( our own lo9s4 ,fur!r1 we may obs]ve t 9 ?is attraction to ! reality t lies actually be=e u x is ess5tial t ! mat]ial assimilat$ by su* an art be cognate ) su* reality & at home 9 x#cjb2 x mu/ be ! national life ( ! poet & 8 imm$iate public4 ,x is on ?is v po9t ( ! k9d ( appropriation suit$ to an art su* z our own1 :i* c>ri$ ! purpose bo? 9 its cont5t & its me?ods ( repres5tation ( mak+ u feel at home 9 x1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( sacrific+ bo? beauty & ideality1 t ! impulse orig9at$ :i* l$ to su* a type ( arti/ic production4 ,o!r nations h be5 incl9$ to reject su* mat]ial ) scorn1 or only 9 m rec5t times h tak5 a m vital int]e/ 9 su* opportunities z ! ord9>y c\rse ( human life (f]s4 77 ,if we desire1 h[ev]1 to see :at is mo/ wor?y ( our admiration 9 su* productions1 we mu/ turn our att5tion to ! lat] g5re-pa9t+ ( ! ,dut*4 ,we h already 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 :5 exam9+ ! intr9sic "* ( ! ,ideal1 indicat$1 s f> z ! g5]al _s ( x is conc]n$1 :at we take to be ! sub/antial basis ( su* "w#cjc4 ,t cont5tm5t 9 life "u its pres5tm5t ( direct exp]i5ce d[n to ! mo/ ord9>y & mo/ insignificant detail is ma9ly due to ! fact t ?is p 0 oblig$ to "w out = itself only aft] sev]e /ruggles & h>d lab\r t :i* ,nature supplies ) f> less res]ve to o!r peoples4 ,fur!r1 circumscrib$ z x is by local conditions1 x has become great 9 ?is v conc]n = & appreciation ( ! lea/ ?+s4 ,f ano!r po9t ( view x is a p ( fi%]m51 sailors1 citiz5s1 & peasants1 & = ?is reason is =c$ f ! />t to rate highly all t may be useful & necess>y bo? 9 matt]s ( greate/ & lea/ importance :i* x kn[s h[ to secure ) ! mo/ assidu\s indu/ry4 ,z a fur!r ess5tial feature ( its developm5t ! religion ( ?is ,dut* folk 0 ,prote/antism1 & x is an exclusive *>act]i/ic ( ?is =m ( religion t x seeks to f9d a home 9 ! prose ( life & suff]s ! same to rema9 j z x is by itself1 & indep5d5tly ( religi\s associations1 & to reta9 its =ms ( gr[? 9 unre/rict$ fre$om4 ,x w\ld be q impossible = any o!r nation1 situat$ 9 o!r ext]nal conditions1 to create works ( art ( su* pre-em95t quality f ! k9d ( mat]ial :i* we h plac$ be=e u 9 ! ,dut* s*ool ( pa9t+4 ,&1 moreov]1 despite ! peculi> nature ( ?is arti/ic int]e/1 ! ,dut* h n by any means discov]$ _! :ole life-9 :at 0 necessit\s or b>r5 9 ! conditions ( _! exi/5ce & :at t5d$ to oppress _! vitality3 on ! contr>y1 !y h re=m$ _! *ur* itself1 h ov]come a religi\s despotism precisely z !y ov]came ! _w-p[] & maje/y ( ,spa91 & h f9ally ?r\gh _! ex]tions1 _! indu/ry1 _! brav]y & ?rift secur$ = !mselves1 9 ! consci\sness ( _! self-atta9$ lib]ty1 prosp]ity1 com=t1 rectitude1 c\rage1 joviality1 nay1 ev5 a sup]abundant s5se ( ! joys ( ord9>y exi/5ce4 ,h]e9 lies ! v9dication ( ! typical subject-matt] ( _! art4 ,! mat]ial ( su* an art w n1 h[ev]1 satisfy t pr(\nd] significance :i* is due to a cont5t t is ess5tially true4 ,if1 h[ev]1 nei!r our emotional nor our critical faculties are :olly cont5t ) x ! m we consid] x closely ! m we %all feel reconcil$ to su* defects4 ,x is an ess5tial "p ( ! art ( pa9t+ & ! man :o pa9ts t !y %\ld please & c>ry u away ) t s5se ( pleasure4 ,&1 to put x bluntly1 if we w\ld really "k :at pa9t+ is1 9 look+ at any p>ticul> canvas we mu/ be1 at lea/1 able to say ( ! ma/] 9 "q3 ,ah1 ?is man c pa9t4 ,! ma9 po9t1 !re=e1 does n turn on ! "q h[ f> ! arti/ 9 8 "w is able to give u an exact transcription ( ! object he pres5ts be=e u4 ,we h already ! complete/ vision ( grapes1 fl[]s1 /ags1 s&-hills1 sea1 sun1 sky1 ! f9]y & decoration ( ord9>y life1 horses1 w>riors1 peasants1 smok]s1 tee?-extraction1 & e k9d ( dome/ic sc5e4 ,we h only to g to ,nature = su* ?+s & o!rs l !m4 ,:at ought to captivate u is n ! cont5t 9 its b>e reality4 ,r x is ! appe>ance1 :i* 9 comp>ison ) ! object is :olly )\t int]e/#cjd4 ,?is appe>ance is1 moreov]1 by itself fix$ indep5d5tly ( ! beautiful#cje1 & art consi/s 9 ! ma/]y ( its reproduction ( all ! my/]ies ( ! ev] self-deep5+ appe>ance ( ext]nal ph5om5a#cjf4 ,&1 above all1 ! function ( art consi/s 9 ?is t1 arm$ ) an exceptionally f9e s5se = su* ?+s1 x lies 9 ambu% = ! mom5t>y & :olly transi5t traits :i* x f9ds ^u ! surr\nd+ _w obs]v$ 9 its individual aspects ( life1 aspects :i*1 h[ev]1 completely co9cide ) ! univ]sal laws t dom9ate ! appe>ance1 & c reta9 true & secure ! mo/ fad+ app>ition4 ,a tree1 a l&scape1 is some?+ ( indep5d5t & p]man5t /ability4 ,b to seize ^u ! fla% ( a metal1 ! gleam ( light ?r\gh ! grape1 a vani%+ glance ( ! moon or ! sun1 a smile1 ! expressions ( spiritual life :i* are no soon] se5 ?an !y vani%1 or ludicr\s movem5ts1 situations1 & attitudes1 to ma/] su* evanesc5t mat]ial z ?is is ! difficult task ( ?is type ( "w4 ,if classic art 9 its ,ideal has ess5tially conf9$ its embodim5t to t :i* is purely sub/antive s "h we h op5$ to our vision ! *anges ( ,nature 9 _! fleet+ =ms ( expression1 a /ream ( wat]1 a wat]fall1 waves ( foam on ! sea1 /ill life ) ! accid5tal fla%es ( glass1 plate1 & ?+s ( l nature1 ! outw>d appe>ance ( man 9 ! mo/ exceptional situations1 a wife1 = in/ance1 ?read+ h] ne$le by c&le-light1 a halt ( robb]s sudd5ly surpris$1 ! mo/ in/antane\s fraction ( "s human po/ure1 ! smile or sne] ( a peasant1 all ! ?+s1 9 fact1 9 :i* m5 l ,o/ade1 ,t5i]s1 or ,/e5 are ma/]s4 ,x is ! triumph ( art ov] ! ,pa/1 9 :i* ! sub/antive is likewise fil*$ ( its p[] ov] t :i* is accid5tal & transitory4 ,& j z ! appe>ance simply z su* reflects ! real cont5t ( objects1 s we may say t ,art1 9 giv+ a p]man5t =m to ! evanesc5t %[ ( ?+s1 goes a /ep fur!r4 ,9 o!r words1 q ap>t f ! objective realization1 ! means adopt$ 9 ! reproduction are !mselves indep5d5tly an end1 9 ! s5se t ! individual ability ( ! arti/1 & 8 use ( ! means 8 art supplies1 may itself rank z "o ( ! objects aim$ at by ! art product4 ,9 q ! e>ly days ( ! s*ool ! arti/s ( ! ,ne!rl&s /udi$ pr(\ndly ! qualities ( col\r 9 its relation to mat]ial sub/ances#cjg4 ,van ,eyck1 ,heml+1 & ,s*oreel#cjh 7 all ( !m capable ( imitat+ 9 ! mo/ reali/ic way ! %e5 ( gold & silv]1 ! v>i$ light effects ( jewels1 silk1 velvet1 & fur-/uffs4 ,a ma/]y ( ?is k9d :i*1 by ! magic ( col\r & ! my/]ies ( its en*antm5t1 is able to br+ ab\t arti/ic results s entirely surpris+ requires no fur!r v9dication2 x ju/ifies itself4 ,z ,_s 9 ?\ght & 9 its grasp ( ! _w by means ( ideas & ?\ghts reproduces itself1 s :at is mo/ important "h is ! individual recreation ( ! ext]nal _w1 indep5d5tly ( ! b>e object itself1 9 ! s5su\s m$ium1 ( col\rs "u effects ( light & %ade4 ,x is 9 fact a k9d ( objective music1 a sy/em ( col\r tones4 ,9 music ! s+le tone is ( no value & only produces ! musical effect 9 its relation to "s o!r1 9 its opposition1 concord1 modulation1 & unison4 ,x is precisely ! same ?+ ) ! music ( col\r4 ,if we consid] ! appe>ance ( pa9t$ col\r closely su* z ! gleam ( gold or ! fla% f ! /eel ( battle we %all only see a numb] ( :ite or yell[ da%es1 po9ts1 col\r$ surfaces4 ,! s+le col\r alone does n possess ?is gleam :i* we ga!r f ! picture4 ,x is only by its association ) o!r t9ts t we get ! effect ( glitt] & fla%4 ,take = example ! ,atlas ( ,t]burg2 e individual /rip ( col\r "h alone is simply a dull gray1 m or less :iti%1 blui%1 or incl9+ to yell[3 only :5 we take 9 ! entire effect f a di/ance1 :i* gives u ! relative contra/ ( ea* "p to ! re/1 dawns ^u u ! beautiful s(t %e5 :i* is true ( ! g5u9e ,atlas4 ,& x is j ! same ) our velvet effect1 play ( light1 exhalation ( cl\d & s on ?r\gh all pictorial effect :atsoev]4 ,x is n s mu* ! reflex ( ! arti/'s mood#cji1 :i*1 z is no d\bt frequ5tly ! case ) l&scape1 transf]s itself to ! objects del9eat$1 z x is ! entire ability ( ! arti/1 :i* seeks to make itself felt 9 ?is objective way z ! use ( ! means at 8 disposal 9 su* a vital int]action t !y !mselves /raightway ( _! own cunn+ br+ to bir? a _w ( objects4 77 ,& consequ5tly ! int]e/ 9 ! objects del9eat$ t5ds to rev]t to ! fact t x is ! unique p[]s ( ! arti/ himself :i* are ?us consci\sly display$1 & = :i* ! embodim5t ( a "w ( art1 indep5d5tly complete & self-compos$1 is n ( s mu* importance z a production 9 :i* ! creative arti/ unveils to u simply 8 g5ius4 ,9 s f> z ?is p]sonal aspect is no long] conc]n$ ) ! ext]nal means ( pres5tation b affects ! cont5t itself ( ! "w1 ! art becomes !reby ! art ( caprice & hum\r4 7b7 ,! ,hum\r ( ,p]sonality#caj ,9 hum\r x is ! p]sonality ( ! arti/1 :i* s reproduces itself bo? 9 its p>ticul> idiosyncrasies & pr(\nd] cont5t1 t ! ma9 ?+ ( importance is ! spiritual value ( ?is p]sonality4 77 ,inasmu* z hum\r does n s mu* propose to itself ! task ( unfold+ & in=m+ an objective cont5t accord+ to its own ess5tial "*1 &1 by arti/ic means1 ( articulat+ & r\nd+ x (f 9 su* a self-evolv$ process1 z x consi/s 9 ! arti/'s own self-manife/ation 9 ! mat]ial1 he w be ma9ly conc]n$ to let ev]y?+ :i* t5ds to become an object & to secure ! rigid l9es ( reality1 or :i* appe>s 9 ! ext]nal _w1 fall away & dissolve "u ! p[]ful solv5t ( 8 own fancies1 fla%es ( ?\ght & arre/+ modes ( conception4 ,by ?is means e appe>ance ( self-subsi/5cy 9 su* a cont5t1 ! embodim5t ( :i* is secur$ 9 its coalesc5ce ?r\gh means ( a giv5 fact1 is entirely de/roy$1 & ! product is n[ simply a play ) c]ta9 objects1 a d]angem5t or a turn+ upside d[n ( a giv5 mat]ial1 ! ent]prise ( a rov] ?r\gh\t su*1 ! int]wov5 wo( ( ! arti/'s own expression2 views & moods1 ?r\gh :i* he gives free scope to himself q z mu* z to 8 imm$iate subject-matt]4 77 ,! illusion :i* readily spr+s f su* a type ( art consi/s 9 ?is1 t ?\gh x is a v easy matt] to make ei!r oneself or ! object giv5 ! butt ( droll]y & wit1 & = ?is reason ! =m ( humor\s composition is t frequ5tly adopt$1 yet q z (t5 z n we f9d t ! hum\r is dull en\gh :5 our arti/ gives free re9 to any *ance conceits or je/ :i* may occur1 :i* 9 _! loose & pat*y connections range to excess beyond all reasonable limits1 & ) int5tional ecc5tricity b9d up frequ5tly toge!r ! mo/ ali5 matt]4 ,"s nations h prov$ !mselves indulg5t to su* arti/ic exp]im5ts1 o!rs are m sev]e4 ,among ! ,fr5* su* attempts at humor\s composition h n z a rule be5 successful2 we ,g]mans h done bett]1 & we are m tol]ant to ! defects ( su* a /yle4 ,jean ,paul1 = in/ance1 is a mu* admir$ hum\ri/ among u2 & yet x w\ld be difficult to po9t to any writ] :o is m ecc5tric 9 ! way he br+s to ! common fund :at is mo/ remote f 8 subject1 & pat*es toge!r an incr$ibly motley assemblage ( subjects1 ^: sole bond ( relation%ip is "o ( ! arti/'s own fancy4 ,! /ory1 ! matt] & progress ( ev5ts are ! features ( lea/ int]e/ 9 8 romances4 ,! ma9 attraction ?r\gh\t is ! sportive procession ( 8 hum\r :i* uses ev]y?+ 9 its c\rse z a means to e/abli% 8 own triumph z a hum\ri/4 ,9 ?is subord9ation to itself & concat5ation ( e conceivable /uff t c be rak$ out ( ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! _w1 or ! realm ( ! real1 ! mat]ial ( hum\r approximates once m to t ( symbolism1 :]e9 significance & con=mity likewise are disjo9$1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! =m] x is purely ! p]sonality ( ! poet :i* comm&s ! mat]ial no less ?an ! significance1 co-ord9at+ !m accord+ to 8 own caprice#caa4 ,su* a s]ies ( freaks & fancies soon tires u1 m p>ticul>ly :5 we are expect$ to live z be/ we c 9 ! n unfrequ5tly b>ely deciph]able comb9ations :i* h pass$ someh[ or ano!r 9 ! cl\ds ( ! poet's bra94 ,) ,jean ,paul1 z ) sc>ce ano!r1 "o metaphor1 sally ( wit1 droll]y1 or simile proves ! dea? ( its neighb\r4 ,no?+ gr[s2 !re is an explosion1 t is all4 ,a plot1 h[ev]1 :i* purports to h a dn\em5t mu/ fir/ be unfold$ & prep>$ = su* solution4 ,f ano!r po9t ( view1 :5 ! arti/ 9 "q is ess5tially devoid ( ! solid core & support ( a m9d & he>t ov]fl[+ ) ! real actualities ( exi/5ce1 8 hum\r v readily lapses into :at is s5tim5tal & morbid4 ,& 9 ?is respect ,jean ,paul is no less an example4 77 ,9 a hum\r ( ! be/ k9d1 :i* keeps itself alo( f su* excresc5ces1 we mu/ !re=e h a g5u9ely spiritual dep? & weal?1 able to exalt t :i* issues z ! emanation ( a p]sonality to ! rank ( real expression1 & capable ( mak+ t :i* is truly sub/antive arise f t :i* ! *ance sugge/ions1 ! m]e caprices ( ! arti/1 dictate4 ,! self-ab&onm5t ( ! poet 9 ! c\rse ( 8 exposition mu/ be1 z x is ) hum\ri/s su* z ,/]ne or ,hippel1 a :olly unemb>rass$1 easy-go+1 sc>ce p]ceptible k9d ( saunt]#cab1 :i*1 insignificant ?\gh x appe>1 manages precisely by t means to /rike at ! root ( ! ma9 idea2 &1 = ! reason t :at ?us bubbles up 9 haphaz>d fa%ion are matt]s ( detail1 x is ess5tial t ! conception1 :i* b9ds ! :ole ideally toge!r1 %\ld h ! deep] f\ndation1 & t su* detail %\ld simply fla% =? ! focal sp>k ( g5ius4 ,we h n[ arriv$ at ! po9t :]e romantic art itself = ! pres5t t]m9ates4 ,x is ! /&po9t ( our mo/ mod]n outlook1 ^: di/9ctive *>act]i/ic we %all f9d to be ma9ly ?is1 t ! individual p]sonality#cac ( ! arti/ /&s supreme above bo? ! mat]ial he in=ms & 8 creation4 ,he is no long] dom9at$ by ! conditions ( an ess5tially re/rict$ sph]e1 9 :i* he mu/ accept z giv5 bo? ! cont5t & =m ( 8 "w2 x n[ lies 9 8 p[] to *oose ei!r z he wills1 & to reta9 bo? on simil> t]ms4 7c7 ,! ,end ( ! ,romantic ,type ( ,art ,art1 9 s f> z x has hi!rto be5 ! subject ( our inquiry1 _h = its fundam5tal basis ! unity ( significance & =m1 &1 z a fur!r type ( x1 ! unity ( ! p]sonality ( ! arti/ ) ! "w he embodies & creates#cac4 ,m closely def9$ we may say t x 0 ! specific type ( ?is union1 :i* suppli$ ! cont5t & its appropriate arti/ic pres5tm5t ) ! sub/antive & directive pr9ciple runn+ ?r\gh all ! images !re94 ,we f\nd at ! comm5cem5t ( our inquiry ) ref]5ce to ! orig9s ( art t 9 ! ,ea/]n _w ,_s 0 n z yet indep5d5tly free4 ,x /ill s\ght t :i* x conceiv$ to be ! ,absolute 9 ! doma9 ( ,nature1 & appreh5d$ ! natural z itself ess5tially ,div9e4 ,at a fur!r /age ! outlook ( classical art set be=e itself ! vision ( ! ,greek ,pan!on z uncon/ra9$ & inspir$ be+s1 b /ill 9 all ess5tial features =m$ z our humanity1 z individuals *>g$ ) a positive physical process#cad4 ,f9ally x 0 romantic art :i* fir/ p]mitt$ ,_s to p5etrate ! dep?s ( its own _w1 9 contra/ to :i* fle%1 ! ext]nal reality & frame ( ?is _w g5]ally1 albeit ! fact t ! spiritual & absolute c\ld alone manife/ itself 9 ?is _w1 9 ! fir/ in/ance 0 dive/$ ( all claim to reality#cae1 b = all t aft]w>ds ass]t$ su* a positive claim ) increas+ /r5g? & urg5cy4 77 ,^! di/9ctive views ( ! _w process con/itute religion1 ! sub/antive ,_s or g5ius ( peoples & eras2 !y n m]ely influ5ce art1 b are ?reads ( life :i* p]meate e o!r doma9 or prov9ce ( ! liv+ pres5t to :i* !y belong4 ,z e man1 9 e sph]e ( activity1 :e!r x be on ! field ( politics1 religion1 art1 or sci5ce1 is a *ild ( 8 own age1 & receives ! task to elaborate ! ess5tial cont5t & consequ5tly ! inevitable pla/ic =m ( t age1 s1 too1 ! aim t det]m9es ! cont5t ( art is no o!r ?an t ( f9d+ 9 its own m$ium & res\rces "s adequate expression = ! _s ( a nation4 ,s long z ! arti/ is 9 imm$iate id5tity & un%ak5 fai? inextricably "o ) ! det]m9ate cont5t ( su* a view ( ! _w & ! religion :]e x culm9ates1 to t ext5t ?is cont5t & ! mode ( its pres5tation w call =? 8 mo/ s]i\s p[]s2 9 o!r words ?is cont5t rema9s = him ! inf9ite sub/ance & tru? ( 8 own consci\sness1 a cont5t1 ) :i* he lives1 d[n to ! inmo/ recesses ( 8 spiritual nature1 9 orig9al unity2 &1 moreov]1 ! embodi$ pres5ce 9 :i* he reveals ! same is = him z su* an arti/#caf ! f9al1 necess>y1 & highe/ type ( su* a =m1 namely t ( br++ be=e ! ae/hetic s5se ! absolute be+#cag & ! ideal significance#cah ( ! subject-matt] ( 8 art4 ,x is ?r\gh t aspect ( 8 mat]ial :i* is no o!r ?an 8 own imman5t sub/ance#cai t he f9ds t :i* b9ds him to ! specific mode ( 8 exposition4 ,= ! mat]ial1 & ) x ! =m t app]ta9s to x1 c>ries ! arti/ directly into himself#cbj1 z be+ ! real ess5ce ( 8 det]m9ate be+1 :i* he does n imag9e b r actually is1 & consequ5tly has only to make ?is ess5tial "p ( him an objective fact to himself1 to conceive & elaborate su* 9 a vital =m f 8 own res\rces4 ,only "u su* conditions is ! en?usiasm ( ! arti/ fully awak5$ = ei!r ! cont5t or manife/ation ( 8 art2 only ?us 8 creations become no m]e product ( caprice1 b spr+ up )9 him1 out ( him1 out ( ?is liv+ field ( 8 sub/ance1 ?is spiritual capital1 ^: cont5t nev] ceases to be active1 until1 ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! ma/]1 x has atta9$ a def9$ =m adequate to its own ideal notion4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we ( to-day w\ld seek to make a ,greek god or1 z our own ,prote/ants try to d1 a ,virg9 ,m>y ! object ( a piece ( sculpture or a picture1 x is impossible = u to treat su* a mat]ial ) entire s]i\sness4 ,x is ! fai? ( our inmo/ he>t :i* fails u "h1 albeit ev5 9 ages ( absolute belief ! arti/ 0 by no means necess>ily :at is commonly und]/ood z a pi\s m>t1 any m ?an at any "t arti/s g5]ally come 9 an exceptional s5se "u t category4 ,! dem& is r simply ?is t 9 ! view ( ! arti/ 8 cont5t %\ld be no o!r ?an ! sub/antive significance1 ! mo/ spiritual tru? ( its own consci\s life1 & t x %\ld unfold ! necess>y laws ( its mode ( pres5tation4 ,= an arti/ is1 9 8 creative activity1 a *ild ( ,nature2 8 ability is 9 "o aspect a tal5t he receives f h]4 ,8 me?od ( work+ is n ! pure activity ( rational appreh5sion1 :i* places itself 9 direct opposition to its mat]ial1 & unites ) x 9 ! m$ium ( free ?\ghts & pure ?9k+4 ,r1 z "o n yet releas$ f ! natural aspect1 x#cba coalesces imm$iately ) ! object1 9 full fai?1 & is id5tical ) x he>t & s\l4 ,! arti/ic p]sonality reposes frankly 9 ! object1 ! "w ( art proce$s 9 l mann] absolutely f ! unimpair$ spiritual dep? & p[] ( g5ius2 ! product is f]me1 unwav]+1 & its entire int5sive effect pres]v$4 ,& ?is x is :i* supplies ! fundam5tal condition ( ! f9al dem& t ,art be pres5t$ u 9 its flawless totality4 77 ,! situation1 h[ev]1 has entirely *ang$ 9 view ( ! position we h be5 =c$ to indicate z t occupi$ by ,art 9 ?is its f9al /age ( evolution4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 no reason to reg>d ?is simply z a mis=tune :i* ! *ance ( ev5ts has made inevitable1 "o1 t is to say1 by :i* art has be5 ov]tak5 ?r\gh ! pressure ( ! times1 ! prosaic outlook & ! de>? ( g5u9e int]e/s4 ,r x is ! realization & progress ( art itself1 :i*1 by envisag+ = pres5t life ! mat]ial 9 :i* x actually dwells1 itself mat]ially assi/s on ?is v pa?1 9 ea* /ep ( its advance1 to make itself free ( ! cont5t t is pres5t$4 ,9 ! v fact t we h an object set be=e our ocul> or spiritual vision1 :e!r x be by ,art or ! m$ium ( ,?\ght1 ) a complet5ess :i* practically exhau/s x1 s t we h empti$ x1 & no?+ fur!r rema9s = our eyes to discov] or our s\ls to explore1 9 t alone ! vital int]e/ disappe>s4 ,our int]e/ only cont9ues :]e our faculties are kept fre% & alive4 ,_s only conc]ns itself actively ) objects s long z !re is /ill a my/]y unsolv$1 a some?+ unreveal$4 ,& ?is is s s long z ! mat]ial rema9s id5tical ) our own sub/ance4 ,a "t comes1 h[ev]1 :5 ,art has display$1 9 all _! _m aspects1 ^! fundam5tal views ( ! _w1 :i* are involv$ 9 its own notion1 no less ?an e prov9ce ( ! cont5t t is b\nd up ) su* _w-views3 :5 t "t arrives su* art is necess>ily ca/ loose ( t :i* has be5 its previ\s specific cont5t = any p>ticul> p or age2 9 su* a case ! r5ew$ crav+ = mat]ial to "w ^u only fully awakes :5 x is accept$ z inevitable t we mu/ fir/ bid f>ewell to all t its activity has previ\sly sub/antiat$3 j z 9 ,greece1 = example1 ,ari/ophanes oppos$ a resolute face to 8 age1 & ,lucian to ! entire hi/orical ,pa/ ( 8 c\ntry2 or 9 ,italy & ,spa91 9 ! decl9e ( ! ,middle ,ages1 bo? ,ario/o & ,c]vantes op5$ ! attack on ,*ivalry4 ,9 opposition to ! age1 !n1 9 :i* ! arti/1 by virtue ( ! concrete cont5t ( 8 nationality & times1 /&s )9 a def9ite outlook ^u ! _w & its modes ( embodim5t1 we become aw>e ( a po9t ( view diametrically antagoni/ic1 :i*1 s f> z its complete enunciation is conc]n$1 has only 9 ! mo/ mod]n times receiv$ its due significance4 ,x is only 9 our own days t we f9d ! arti/ no less ?an ! man ( sci5ce among pretty ne>ly all civiliz$ nations1 has ma/]$ ! cultivation ( 8 reflective faculty1 ! art ( criticism1 & among u ,g]mans ! absolute fre$om ( ?\ght1 & has made ?is critical app>atus1 bo? relatively to ! mat]ial & ! =m ( its production1 hav+ already run ?r\gh all ! necess>y phases or types ( romantic art1 a k9d ( tabula rasa4#cbb ,! specific mode ( association = any p>ticul> context1 & a mann] ( pres5tm5t exclusively p]t95t to t & no o!r mat]ial1 are ?+s :i* ! arti/ ( to-day looks ^u z obsolete4 ,art has become a free in/rum5t :i* is qualifi$ to ex]cise itself relatively to e cont5t1 no matt] :at k9d x may be1 agreeably to ! pr9ciples or crit]ia ( ! arti/'s own peculi> craftsman%ip4 ,! arti/ /&s sup]ior to all specific modes & con=mations1 h[ev] mu* hall[$ 9 ! usage1 & moves =w>d free & indep5d5t1 untrammell$ by ei!r =m or pres5tm5t su* z previ\sly h br\ght be=e man's vision & m9d ! "o holy & et]nal sub/ance4 ,no cont5t1 no =m is any long] id5tical directly ) ! inmo/ s\l ( ! arti/#cbc1 8 nature1 8 unaw>e#cbd & sub/antive ess5ce2 e mat]ial he may treat ) indiff]5ce1 if he only keep true to ! =mal pr9ciple t he make 8 "w consonant ) beauty & a really arti/ic execution4 ,!re is1 9 %ort1 no mat]ial n[adays :i* we c place on its own indep5d5t m]its z sup]ior to ?is law ( relativity2 & ev5 if !re is "o ?us sublimely plac$ beyond x !re is at lea/ no absolute necessity t x %\ld be ! object ( arti/ic pres5tation4 ,= ^! reasons ! arti/ is situat$ relatively to ! cont5t ( 8 "w mu* z ! dramati/ :o places be=e u & develops o!r & ali5 *>act]s4 ,x is q true t ev5 our poet ( to-day int]poses ! atmosph]e ( 8 g5ius )9 8 del9eations1 & ! w>p t he weaves is 9 fact t ( 8 own sub/ance2 b ?is only applies to :at is univ]sal !re or :olly accid5tal4 ,! clos] traits ( individualization are n 8 own1 b r he makes use ( 9 ?is respect 8 /ores ( images1 modes ( metaphor1 e>li] types ( art1 :i* by !mselves he does n c>e =1 & ^: significance is exclusively dep5d5t on ! fact t !y turn out to be ! mo/ suitable = ?is or t matt] 9 h&4 ,9 mo/ ( ! arts1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! pla/ic types1 ! subject-matt] is1 ap>t f ?is1 suppli$ f outside to ! arti/4 ,he works to ord]1 & :5 occupi$ ) :atev] tales1 sc5es1 & portraits ?us come 9 8 way1 :e!r sacr$ or pr(ane1 has m]ely to look to x t he c make some?+ out ( !m4 ,=1 h[ev] mu* he leaves ! impress ( 8 g5ius on a giv5 cont5t1 x rema9s ?r\gh\t = all t a mat]ial :i* is n itself directly ! sub/ance ( 8 own consci\s life4 ,nor is x ( any real assi/ance to him1 t he fur!r appropriates1 s to speak1 ) 8 s\l & sub/ance views ( ! _w t belong to ! ,pa/1 9 o!r words1 tries to root himself 9 "o ( su*1 &1 let u say1 turns ,roman ,ca?olic1 z n a few h done 9 rec5t times = ,art's sake1 9 ord] to give _! s\l "s secure f\ndation1 & enable ! def9ite l9es ( _! arti/ic product to become !mselves some?+ :i* %all appe> to h an indep5d5tly valid gr[?4 ,x is n a prime condition ( ! arti/ic /ate t ! arti/ %\ld come completely to t]ms ) 8 own s\l1 or %\ld be oblig$ to look aft] 8 own salvation4 ,:at is important is t 8 s\l 9 its greatness & fre$om %\ld f ! fir/1 be=e x ?9ks ( creat+1 bo? "k & possess t :]e( x is1 %\ld /& fa/ by x & reliant )9 x2 &1 above all1 is x indisp5sable t ! _s & m9d ( ! great arti/ ( to-day %\ld h a lib]al education1 "o 9 :i* e k9d ( sup]/ition & belief :i* rema9s limit$ to circumscrib$ =ms ( outlook & pres5tm5t1 %\ld receive _! prop] subord9ation z m]ely aspects or phasal mom5ts ( a l>g] process2 aspects :i* ! free human _s has already ma/]$ :5 x once = all sees t !y c furni% x ) no conditions ( exposition & creative ef=t :i* are1 indep5d5tly = _! own sake1 sacrosanct2 & only ascribes to !m value 9 virtue ( ! l(ti] cont5t1 :i* itself1 z creator & work]1 he reposes 9 !m1 mak+ !m ?us :at !y ought to be#cbe4 ,x is some:at 9 ?is way n[adays t any & e =m & mat]ial may prove ( s]vice to & "u ! control ( ! arti/ ^: executive tal5ts & g5ius h be5 lib]at$ 9 _! indep5d5ce f ! =m] limitation to a specific mode ( arti/ic "w4 77 ,if we ask1 !n1 9 conclusion :at are ! cont5t & ! modes :i* may be consid]$ peculi> to ! pres5t sph]e ( our inquiry1 ! result w be approximately z foll[s4 ,! univ]sal types ( art 7 pre-em95tly relat$ to ! absolute tru? to :i* ,art atta9s1 & !y discov]$ ! s\rce ( _! diff]5tiation 9 ! specific grasp !y respectively suppli$ ( t :i* pass$ = ! ,absolute 9 ! human consci\sness1 & :i* itself c>ri$ ! pr9ciple ( its mann] ( embodim5t4 ,9 ?is respect we h already se5 9 symbolism ,nature's significances pass be=e u z cont5t1 & h] facts & human p]sonification z ! mode ( pres5tation2 simil>ly 9 ! classical type1 we h pass$ 9 review spiritual individuality1 b z bodily pres5ce :i* c>ri$ no memory ) x#cbf1 & ov] :i* ! ab/ract necessity ( ,fate /ood p>am\nt4 ,9 ! romantic ! intellectual be+ ( ! p]sonal consci\sness 0 ass]t$ inh]5t 9 its own sub/ance1 & = ! inmo/ cont5t ( :i* ! ext]nal =m rema9$ entirely cont+5t4 ,9 ?is conclud+ type z 9 ! e>li] ones ! object ( art 0 ! ,div9e 9 its explicitly unfold$ nature4 ,?is ,div9e _h h[ev] to make itself an object1 to def9e itself1 & 9 ! process to pass f its own imm$iate sub/ance to ! secul> cont5t ( ! p]sonal consci\sness4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! inf9ite ess5ce ( p]sonality 0 repos$ 9 hon\r1 love1 & fidelity2 aft] t 9 ! p>ticul> individuality1 ! specific "* :i* happ5$ to coalesce ) ! p>ticul> mode ( human life 9 "q4 ,?is coalesc5ce1 toge!r ) ! specific limitation ( cont5t appropriate to su*1 0 f9ally put an end to by hum\r1 :i* prov$ itself capable ( dissolv+ or mak+ pliable to its purpose any or e l9e ( /able def9ition1 & by s do+ made x possible = art to transc5d its own limitations4 ,9 ?is pass+ away ( ,art beyond itself1 h[ev]1 ,art is q z truly ! return ( man ^u himself1 a desc5t into 8 own s\l-dep?s1 by :i* process art /rips (f f itself e secure b>ri] set up by a det]m9ate range ( cont5t & conception1 & unfolds )9 our common humanity#cbg its new holy ( holies1 9 o!r words ! dep?s & heights ( ! human s\l simply1 ! univ]sal %>$ ( all m5 9 joy & suff]+1 9 endeav\r1 action1 & de/9y4 ,f ?is po9t onw>ds x is f himself t ! arti/ receives 8 cont5t1 is 9 tru? ! ,_s ( man assign+ to himself 8 own b\nd>ies1 contemplat+1 exp]i5c+ & giv+ utt]ance to ! inf9itude ( 8 emotions & situations1 a _s to :i* no?+ is any m ali5 :i* c possibly emanate z life f ! human s\l4 ,a cont5t ( ?is nature is "o :i* _c p]si/ "u ! def9$ modes ( art indep5d5t & ap>t f ! activity ( ! arti/4 ,r ! def9ition ( cont5t & its elaboration is transf]r$ by x to ! caprice ( 8 inv5tion4 ,b1 despite ( ?is1 x excludes no vital int]e/1 because ,art is no long] "u con/ra9t to repres5t t1 & only t1 :i* is completely at home 9 "o ( its specific grades4 ,ev]y?+ is n[ possible z its subject-matt]1 9 :i* man1 on :atev] plane ( life he may be1 possesses ei!r ! ne$ or ! capacity ( mak+ 8 abode4 ,confront$ ) a mat]ial ( su* a wide range & multiplicity1 x is above all ( fir/ importance t 9 respect to ! mode ( arti/ic treatm5t ! ,_s t is n[ active 9 our pres5t life %\ld ?r\gh\t decl>e itself z su*4 ,our mod]n arti/ may no d\bt jo9 ! company ( anci5ts & eld]s4 ,x is a f9e ?+ to be "o ( ! ,hom]ides1 ?\gh we /& la/ ( ! l9e2 pictures1 too1 t reflect = u once aga9 ! atmosph]e ( romantic art 9 ! ,middle ,ages w h a wor? ( _! own4 ,b ?is univ]sal suffici5cy1 dep?1 & unique suitability ( a giv5 mat]ial su* z we above describ$ is ano!r ?+ altoge!r1 & equally s its mode ( pres5tation4 ,nei!r ,hom]1 ,sophocles1 ,dante1 ,ario/o1 nor ,%akespe>e c reappe> 9 our times4 ,:at has be5 sung s greatly1 :at has be5 express$ ) su* fre$om1 has be5 sung & express$ once = all4 ,only ! ,pres5t bl[s fre%2 all else is fad$ & m fad$4 ,9 ! matt] ( hi/ory we mu/ fa9 make x some?+ ( a reproa* to ! ,fr5*1 & we may add to x a criticism on ! score ( beauty1 t !y h pres5t$ on _! /age ,greek & ,roman h]oes1 ,*9ese1 & ,p]uvians z s _m ,fr5* pr9ces & pr9cesses1 & moreov] h giv5 !m ! motives & views peculi> to ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv or ,l\is ,,xv4 ,yet1 aft] all1 _h ^! v motives & op9ions only be5 intr9sically deep] & m beautiful ?an !y are we %\ld h _h little fault to f9d 9 ! fact t ! ,pa/ is "h translat$ into ,art's pres5t life4 ,on ! contr>y all mat]ial :atsoev]1 x matt]s n f :at age or nation x hails1 only reta9s its tru? = art z "p ( ?is vital & actual ,pres5t1 9 :i* x floods ! human he>t ) ! reflect$ image ( its own life1 & br+s tru? home to man's s5ses & m9d4 ,x is j ?is revelation & r5ew$ activity ( t humanity :i* is immortal 9 all its v>i$ significance & inf9ite recon/ruction1 :i*1 9 ?is its receptacle ( human situations & emotions1 =ms ! possible no less ?an ! absolute cont5t ( ! art ( our "t4 ,if we n[ take a glance back1 hav+ e/abli%$ 9 a g5]al way ! cont5t :i* di/+ui%es ! subject-matt] ( ?is portion ( our inquiry1 at t :i* we f9ally consid]$ to be ! modes ( romantic art's dissolution1 we may recall ! fact t we !n def9$ !m "u a t]m applicable to all1 z ! fall+ to pieces ( ,art1 a process :i*1 9 "o ( its aspects1 0 due to an imitation ( ! objects ( ,nature 9 all ! detail ( _! cont+5t appe>ance1 & 9 ano!r 0 ref]able to hum\r1 t unfett]$ activity ( ! individual s\l 9 all its caprici\s ma/]y4 ,9 conclusion1 we may /ill draw att5tion to a fur!r way ( fix+ on our m9ds t t]m9us ( romantic art )\t prejudice to our previ\s rem>ks ^u x4 ,9 o!r words1 j z 9 our advance f symbolism to classical art1 we consid]$ ! transitional =ms ( image1 simile1 & epigram1 we h also "h 9 romantic art a =m some:at simil> wor?y ( att5tion4 ,9 ^? previ\s modes ( conception ! important ?+ 0 ! fall+ asund] ( ! spiritual significance & ! ext]nal =m1 a sev]ation :i* 9 "p 0 cancell$ by ! activity ( ! arti/'s own m9d1 & 9 ! exceptional case ( ! epigram c\ld possibly be conv]t$ into complete id5tity4 ,romantic art 0 f ! beg9n+ ! pr(\nd] disunion ( t inmo/ s\l-life :i* f9ds its satisfaction 9 its own weal?1 :i*1 moreov]1 = ! reason t g5]ally ! objective _w does n completely satisfy ! dem& ( ,_s ess5tially z su*1 p]si/$ 9 its discordance ) or indiff]5ce to x4 ,?is opposition 9 ! evolution ( romantic art f9ally l$ u p]=ce to ! po9t :]e we f\nd t ! int]e/ 0 exclusively c5t]$ on ! cont+5t aspects ( ext]nality1 or ! equally caprici\s activity ( ! s\l4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ?is exclusive att5tion to ei!r side1 :e!r x be ! ext]nality or purely p]sonal pres5tm5t1 agreeably to ! ma9 pr9ciple ( romantic art1 is c>ri$ s f> t x becomes a real p5etration ( ! s\l )9 ! object1 & ! aspect ( hum\r 9 its relation to ! object & its embodim5t )9 ! sph]e ( its own individual reaction#cbh assumes a real importance1 9 t case we are face to face ) :at is a coalesc5ce#cbi ) ! object1 & is no?+ less ?an an objective hum\r4 ,su* a coalesc5ce1 h[ev]1 c only be ( limit$ range1 & f9d expression m]ely1 say1 )9 a lyric1 or at mo/ 9 b a portion ( a l>g] composition4 ,= if its b\nd>ies wid5$1 & x 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh\t ! object-matt] 9 "q1 x w\ld necess>ily become id5tical ) ! action & ev5t1 become1 9 %ort1 a completely objective repres5tation4 ,:at we h to consid] "h is r a s5sitive self-ab&onm5t ( ! arti/'s s\l 9 8 object1 :i* no d\bt is unfold$ 9 "s k9d ( process1 b nev]!less rema9s a movem5t ( ! imag9ation & he>t indicative r ( individual g5ius2 a caprice 9 "s sort1 & yet n entirely caprici\s or int5tional1 b r a sympa!tic expansion ( ! arti/'s g5ius1 :i* devotes itself solely to its subject-matt]1 & makes x exclusively its int]e/ & cont5t4 ,we may usefully comp>e ) su* a _s ! la/ blooms ( ! anci5t ,greek epigram1 9 :i* ?is type appe>s 9 its fir/ & simple/ features4 ,! mode we h "h 9 our m9d is 9 ! fir/ in/ance app>5t :5 ! ref]5ce to ! object is n a m]e /atem5t ( fact1 is n m]ely an inscription or transcript :i* /ates :at ! object is1 b is associat$ ) a deep] emotion1 a sleight ( witticism1 an +5i\s fancy1 or a real fla% ( imag9ative p[]1 any or all ( :i* ?r\gh _! poetical grasp give life to & exp& ! m9ute/ detail4 ,poems ( ?is description1 x matt]s little :at _! subject-matt] may be1 :e!r a tree1 a mill-/ream1 spr+1 dead ?+s or alive1 are ( inf9ite v>iety & may be f\nd 9 ! lit]ature ( all nations4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 a subord9ate grade ( poetry1 & v readily come (f halt+4 ,= at lea/ 9 a c\ntry ( cultivat$ spee* & reflection !re are few objects & conditions1 inde$1 :i* w n (f] "s fur!r l9k ( association to e man4 ,& j z ! av]age man ?9ks himself qualifi$ to write a lett] he w rate 8 capacity to express su* ideas4 ,"o is v easily tir$ ( a univ]sal _s ( s+-song su* z ?is1 ev5 ?\gh a /ray novelty ( t\* may be "h & !re ?r[n 94 ,! importance ( su* a class ( composition1 !re=e1 dep5ds almo/ entirely on ! "q h[ f> ! arti/'s s\l1 ) its full int5sity ( life1 & ) a spiritual & intellectual weal? t is bo? pr(\nd & ext5sive1 has )\t res]ve ent]$ vitally into su* conditions1 situations1 & s =?2 has made a home !re1 & f ! object 9 "q creat$ some?+ unse5 be=e1 some?+ beautiful1 some?+ ess5tially wor? our att5tion4 ,to ?is end ! ,p]sians & ,arabians pre-em95tly 9 ! ori5tal spl5d\r ( _! images1 9 ! unfett]$ enjoym5t ( _! imag9ation1 :i* ent]s into ! be+ ( its subject-matt] 9 ! pure/ _s ( contemplation1 (f]1 ev5 = pres5t times & our own int5sity ( spiritual p5etration1 a glori\s exempl>4 ,bo? ! ,spani>ds & ,italians1 too1 h done excell5t ?+s 9 ! same direction4 ,x is true t ,klop/ock says ( ,petr>*3 _/ --,laura besang ,petr>ca 9 ,li$]n1 ,zw> dem ,bewund]] s*n1 ab] dem ,lieb5d5 ni*t#ccj4 _/ b ,klop/ock's own love-odes are !mselves full ( moral reflections1 tr\bl$ ye>n+ & passion t is = ev] wri?+ aft] immortality ( happ9ess4 ,:at we admire mo/ 9 ,petr>* is ! free atmosph]e ( ess5tially noble emotion1 :i*1 h[ev] mu* x expresses ! long+ = ! belov$1 c none ! less repose on its own he>t4 ,= ?is k9d ( long+1 inde$ s5sual desire itself1 is f> f be+ abs5t 9 ! range ( ! art we n[ are consid]+1 :5 ! subject is re/rict$ to w9e & love1 ! tav]n & ! glass2 ! excessive voluptu\sness ( ! images ( ,p]sian writ]s !mselves are 9 fact an illu/ration ( ?is2 b 9 ?is case ! imag9ation1 9 ! int]e/ x possesses = ! intellig5ce1 removes ! object entirely f ! sph]e ( desire :i* has a practical aim4 ,x possesses an int]e/ m]ely 9 ! realm ( its own exub]ant activity1 f9d+ its delight freely 9 its own c\ntless freaks & fancies1 & mak+ joys & griefs alike ! subject ( its sport ,among our mod]n poets ! two :o preem95tly comb9e a simil> buoyancy ( g5ius ) a m intimate & spiritually se>*+ dep? ( imag9ation are ,goe! 9 8 ,we//li*] ,divan & ,rck]t4 ,! ess5tial contra/ betwe5 ,goe!'s poetry 9 ! ,divan & 8 m e>ly ef=ts is q rem>kable4 ,9 8 ,welcome & ,f>ewell1 = in/ance1 ! language & description are no d\bt f9e 9 _! way1 true feel+ is !re4 ,9 o!r respects ! situation is commonplace1 ! climax is poor1 & ( imag9ation 9 ! full & free s5se !re is no fur!r trace4 ,! poem 9 ! ,divan entitl$ ,recov]y#cca is compos$ 9 a totally diff]5t _s4 ,love is "h :olly absorb$ 9 ! imag9ation1 & ! movem5t1 happ9ess1 & bliss ( ! latt] are ?r\gh\t pr$om9ant4 ,&1 to speak g5]ally ( arti/ic productions ( ?is class1 we may affirm t we f9d 9 !m no p]sonal crav+1 no indications ( enam\rm5t1 no m]e desire1 b a pure delight 9 ! objects del9eat$1 an inexhau/ible self-absorption ( imag9ation1 an innoc5t play1 a free surr5d] to ! coquetti% hum\rs ev5 ( rhyme & +5i\s v]sification2 & )al an int5se jubilation ( ! s\l 9 its own free movem5t1 a _s1 :i*1 by means ( ?is v exhil>ation induc$ by arti/ic =m#ccb lifts ! s\l high above all its pa9ful p]plexity into ! ord]$ limits ( ! real4 ,& "h we mu/ close our consid]ation ( ! p>ticul> types accord+ to :i* ! ,ideal ( art ?r\gh\t its process is self-diff]5tiat$4 ,we h made ^! sev]al modes ! subject ( a m ext5sive inquiry1 ) a view to unfold+ ! cont5t ( ! same1 a cont5t f :i* ! prop] modes ( arti/ic pres5tm5t are !mselves also d$ucible4 ,= 9 ,art1 too1 z 9 all o!r human production1 x is ! cont5t :i* is f9ally decisive4 ,9 fact ,art1 if we consid] ! true notion ( x1 has "o & only "o supreme function4 ,x has to set =? 9 adequate =m1 )9 ! grasp ( our actual s5ses1 :at is itself ess5tial cont5t2 & ! ,philosophy ( ,art %\ld consequ5tly reg>d x z its ma9 bus9ess to compreh5d 9 ,?\ght :at ?is abundance ( cont5t & its beautiful mode ( manife/ation v]ily is4 ,footnote #bef3 ,subjektivitt4 ,footnote #beg3 ,fr &]e1 t is = o!r spiritual be+s ?an ! absolute ,_s z su*4 ,footnote #beh3 ,die ,innigkeit4 ,footnote #bei3 ,aus dem ,inn]n exzeugt54 ,footnote #bfj3 ,si* 9 si* h9e9bild5d4 ,t is by cont9ually supply+ new modes to ! subjective spiritual cont5t--until we arrive at ! almo/ purely spiritual mode ( music4 ,footnote #bfa3 ,die inn]e ,auflsung4 ,footnote #bfb3 ,! ph5om5al _w ( ,nature4 ,footnote #bfc3 ,die ,v]wickelung54 ,footnote #bfd3 ,die ,ab5!u]li*keit4 ,hegel means t x is l ! result ( an adv5ture--un=ese5 r ?an fanta/ic4 ,footnote #bfe3 ,e9 individuelles ,subjekt4 ,footnote #bff3 ,t :i* supplies its own ju/ification4 ,footnote #bfg3 ,lit41 un5clos$1 t is op5 indef9itely & s undef9$1 uns\nd$4 ,footnote #bfh3 ,t is1 x is op5 to extrane\s causes t _c be pr$ict$ f ! m]e ess5tial notion ( !m4 ,footnote #bfi3 ,i presume ?is is ! mean+ ( ! expression das ,auss]gttli*e & das p>tikulr ,m5s*li*e4 ,footnote #bgj3 ,pralle--/iff1 metallic 9 its /eeply rigidity4 ,footnote #bga3 ,act ,i1 sc4 #e4 ,footnote #bgb3 ,mis]abilitt4 ,"o ( ,hegel's own co9age4 ,footnote #bgc3 ,an unkn[n "w to me4 ,footnote #bgd3 ,e9 inn]es ,w]d54 ,footnote #bge3 ,"o is rem9d$ ( ! ,mohamm$an fatalism4 ,x is ,allah4 ,footnote #bgf3 ,9 e9fa*] ,g$rung5heit4 ,hegel means t x is tightly self-seal$1 t & no?+ m4 ,footnote #bgg3 ,h9e+elegtseyn4 ,! ref]5ce ( ! :ole be+ to "o object4 ,footnote #bgh3 ,?is 0 ! repres5tation :i* took place 9 ,b]l9 9 #ahbj1 ) ,mademoiselle ,erel+] z ,juliet4 ,footnote #bgi3 ,li/1 usually 9 depreciatory s5se1 "h o!rwise4 ,footnote #bhj3 ,) ! exception1 ( c\rse1 ( h] presum$ fa!r ,prosp]o4 ,footnote #bha3 ,t is1 a poetry bas$ r on ! reflective faculty ?an ! creative imag9ation4 ,footnote #bhb3 _/ ,he saw x plunge1 dr9k boldly1 ,!n s9k 9 sea-dep?s lo/2 ,& :at 8 eyes saw loos$ him1 ,no drop ! k+ drank m4 _/ ,footnote #bhc3 ,leb5slufe 9 auf/eig5d] ,l9ie4 ,footnote #bhd3 ,9 si* totales1 unbes*rnktes ,gem?4 ,! expressions w\ld appe> to contradict "o ano!r1 b ! emphasis is on ! unity ( a :ole :i* is itself n fully def9$4 ,footnote #bhe3 ,x is n s mu* a ?ird type z a way ( look+ at ! previ\s ones4 ,footnote #bhf3 ,x is cont+5t1 ( c\rse1 to ! individual4 ,hegel does n mean t x is )\t causality4 ,footnote #bhg3 ,! sph]e ( objective fact4 ,footnote #bhh3 ,f ,nature1 t is4 ,footnote #bhi3 ,ihres inn]5 ,v]laufs4 ,i suppose ,hegel means action "u ! aspect 9 :i* x =ms a "p ( ! individual developm5t--reg>d$ 9 its relation to w & consci\sness4 ,footnote #bij3 ,t is1 ! ,*ri/ian community4 ,footnote #bia3 ,d5 ,m5s*5 als ,m5s*heit1 t is 9 8 g5]ally secul> aspect4 ,footnote #bib3 ,i presume ?is is ! s5se ( gebro*5 "h4 ,b l[] d[n x w\ld mean app>5tly discordant4 ,footnote #bic3 ,by fanta/ic ,hegel seems to me to mean t :i* is bas$ on a fancy or imag9ation t is :olly p]sonal to ! arti/1 & s adv5titi\s 9 its results4 ,footnote #bid3 ,si*]es ,gem?--consi/5t bo? 9 its lit]al & metaphorical s5ses--"o t holds toge!r & is ?us self-assur$4 ,footnote #bie3 ,das ,romanhafte4 ,i _c ?9k ( an ,engli% expression :i* exactly corresponds4 ,footnote #bif3 ,si* s*raub51 l ! w9d+ smoke f a bottle--! corkscrew---ironical ( c\rse4 ,footnote #big3 ,"o ( ! f9e/ illu/rations ( su* a univ]sality ( int]e/ may be f\nd 9 ,rusk9's description ( ,t9toret's ,adoration ( ! ,magi4 ,footnote #bih3 ,g5ialitt & g5ial mean a good deal m ?an our ,engli% words g5iality & g5ial--!y ref] directly to g5ius4 ,footnote #bii3 ,das 9 si* ,no?w5dige4 ,! ref]5ce is ma9ly to ! /rict] pr9ciples ( classical art4 ,footnote #cjj3 ,na* ihr] ganz5 ,inn]54 ,footnote #cja3 ,lit41 ,:i* possesses = its sub/antial cont5t 7,sub/anz7 ! integrity 7,re*ts*aff5heit71 _w-wisdom "h ,i ?9k no m is meant ?an good s5se & ! morale ( daily life 7des ,tages74 ,footnote #cjb3 ,lit41 ,t ! mat]ial1 s f> z art appropriates x1 be imman5t & at home 9 t reality4 ,imman5t mu/ ,i ?9k ref] back to die vorlieg5de ,w]kli*keit4 ,footnote #cjc3 ,vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bbi1 #bcj4 ,footnote #cjd3 ,t is x has no int]e/ qu a natural object4 ,footnote #cje3 ,s*e95 mu/ mean "h natural r ?an arti/ic appe>ance4 ,natural appe>ance is n necess>ily beautiful4 ,footnote #cjf3 ,des sick 9 si* v]tief5d5 ,s*e95s4 ,x is self-deep5+ 9 proportion to ! fe9] ,s9n bel[ m5tion$4 ,footnote #cjg3 ,i ?9k ?is is ! mean+ ( ! expression das ,physikalis*e d] ,f>be--n s mu* ! mat]ial con/itu5ts ( col\r z ! effect ( col\r on physical sub/ances4 ,b ei!r int]pretation makes s5se4 ,footnote #cjh3 ,an arti/ unkn[n to me4 ,footnote #cji3 ,gem?4 ,i ?9k ,hegel uses ! ^w "h 9 ! n>r[] s5se r ?an s\l g5]ally4 ,footnote #caj3 ,d] subjektive ,humor4 ,footnote #caa3 ,lit41 ,& arranges !m side by side 9 an ali5 ord]4 ,t is1 "u a pr9ciple ( co-ord9ation :i* does n lie 9 ! subject-matt]4 ,footnote #cab3 ,uns*e9b>es ,=ts*l5d]n4 ,footnote #cac3 ,die ,subjektivitt des ,kun/l]s4 ,! expression z us$ "h & bel[ implies1 ( c\rse1 n s mu* ! =mal p]sonality or "* z ! individual _s & its res\rces4 ,footnote #cad3 ,i presume ?is is ! mean+ ( von e9em affirmativ5 ,mom5te4 ,footnote #cae3 ,lit41 ,0 at fir/ posit$ z naught4 ,footnote #caf3 ,t is1 z an arti/ = :om x is wahrhaft] ,ern/4 ,footnote #cag3 ,das ,absolute "h is1 ,i ?9k1 ref]able to ! subject-matt] ( art r ?an to be tak5 z ! ,absolute simply4 ,footnote #cah3 ,die ,seele4 ,p]haps vital pr9ciple w\ld be bett]4 ,footnote #cai3 ,t is1 ,_s or m9d4 ,footnote #cbj3 ,!re is an uncorrect$ mispr9t "h1 d] %\ld be d5 & trag5 w\ld be an improvem5t on trgt4 ,footnote #cba3 ,i am n c]ta9 :e!r ! subject is "h ! arti/ himself1 or 8 mode ( work+4 ,! context w\ld sugge/ ! latt]1 ! bett] s5se ! =m]4 ,footnote #cbb3 ,reflection has de/roy$ ! necessity ( any p>ticul> =m4 ,footnote #cbc3 ,t is ! life ( ,_s4 ,das ,heilige und ,ewige4 ,footnote #cbd3 ,bewus/los54 ,8 spiritual nature 9 its unexplor$ univ]sality is1 ,i presume1 ! s5se4 ,footnote #cbe3 ,als ihn5 gemss4 ,z adequate to _! completely explicit nature4 ,footnote #cbf3 ,ab] als leibli*e un]9n]te ,geg5w>t4 ,i am n sure t ,i "k precisely ! s5se "h1 unless x am\nts to ?is t ! ,greek gods 7 )\t an hi/orical memory4 ,_! immortality swall[$ up 9 its repose ! s5se ( be+s 9 "t1 & assum$ to be 9 human bodily %ape4 ,footnote #cbg3 ,zu ihrem neu5 ,heilig5 d5 ,humanus ma*t1 an uncommon phrase4 ,footnote #cbh3 ,inn]halt se9es subjektiv5 ,reflexes4 ,t is1 ! syn!tic activity ( hum\r's reflection4 ,footnote #cbi3 ,v]9nigung1 a /rong] ^w ?an ,v]e9igung4 ,footnote #ccj3 ,petr>* sang songs ( 8 ,laura4 ,to him :o wond]s at beautiful songs !y are beautiful1 to ! lov] !y are n s4 ,footnote #cca3 ,wi$]f9d54 ,footnote #ccb3 ,i am n q sure t die ,heit]keit des ,ge/alt5s does n mean ! buoyancy ( ! creat$ =m4 ,,end ,,( ,,vol4 ,,ii