,,peeps ,,at ,,h]aldry ,,ag5ts ,,am]ica ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #fd #ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york ,,au/ralasia ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press #bje ,,fl9d]s ,,lane1 ,,melb\rne ,,canada ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,h\se1 #gj ,,bond ,,/reet1 ,,toronto ,,india ,,macmillan ,,company1 ,,ltd4 ,,macmillan ,,build+1 ,,bombay #cji ,,b[ ,,baza> ,,/reet1 ,,calcutta ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #a4 ,,h]ald1 ,,%[+ ,,tab>d ,,orig9ally ,,worn ,,ov] ,,mail ,,arm\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,peeps ,,at ,,h]aldry ,,by ,,ph,,oe,,be ,,all5 ,,conta9+ #h ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,,& ,,num]\s ,,l9e ,,draw+s ,,9 ,,! ,,text ,,london ,,adam ,,& ,,*>les ,,black #aiab ,,to ,,my ,,c\s9 ,,elizabe? ,,maud ,,alex&] ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,an ,,introductory ,,talk ,,ab\t ,,h]aldry #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,%ield--,,its ,,=m1 ,,po9ts1 ,,& ,,t9ctures #h ,,iii4 ,,divisions ,,( ,,! ,,%ield #af ,,iv4 ,,! ,,blazon+ ,,( ,,armorial ,,be>+s #bd ,v4 ,,common ,,or ,,miscellane\s ,,*>ges #ca ,,vi4 ,,animal ,,*>ges #ci ,,vii4 ,,animal ,,*>ges 7,,cont9u$7 #dg ,,viii4 ,,animal ,,*>ges 7,,cont9u$7 #ef ,,ix4 ,,inanimate ,,objects ,,z ,,*>ges #fc ,x4 ,,qu>t]+ ,,& ,,m>%all+ #gj ,,xi4 ,,five ,,coats ,,( ,,arms #gd ,,xii4 ,,p5nons1 ,,bann]s1 ,,& ,,/&>ds #hj ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,plate #a4 ,,h]ald ,,%[+ ,,tab>d1 ,,orig9ally ,,worn ,,ov] ,,mail ,,arm\r frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page #b4 ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,le9/] #h ,arms3 ,arg4 saltire gu4 ,cre/3 ,monkey /atant ppr41 environ$ r\nd ! lo9s & *a9$ or4 ,support]s3 ,two monkeys environ$ & *a9$ or4 ,motto3 ,crom a boo4 #c4 ,,m>quis ,,( ,,h]t=d #af ,arms3 ,qu>t]ly1 #a/ & #d?1 or on a pile gu41 betwe5 #f fleurs-de-lys az41 #c lions passant gu>dant 9 pale or2 #bnd & #crd gu41 #b w+s conjo9$ 9 lure or4 ,seym\r4 ,cre/3 ,out ( a ducal coronet or a phoenix ppr4 ,support]s3 ,two blackamoors4 ,motto3 ,fide et amore4 #d4 ,,! ,,e>l ,,( ,,sc>bor\gh #da ,arms3 ,arg4 a fesse gu4 betwe5 #c p>rots v]t1 coll>$ ( ! second4 ,cre/3 ,a pelican 9 h] piety4 ,support]s3 ,two p>rots1 w+s inv]t$ v]t4 ,motto3 ,murus aneus consci5tia sana4 #e4 ,,b>on ,,hawke #dh ,arms3 ,arg4 a *evron erm9ois betwe5 ?ree pilgrim's /aves purpure4 ,cre/3 ,a hawk1 w+s display$ & inv]t$ ppr41 bell$ & *>g$ on ! brea/ ) a fleur-de-lys or4 ,support]s3 ,dext]1 ,neptune2 s9i/]1 a sea-horse4 ,motto3 ,/rike4 #f4 ,,sir ,,william ,,h]s*el #gc ,arms3 ,arg4 on m\nt v]t1 repres5tation ( ! #dj feet reflect+ telescope ) its app>atus ppr41 on a *ief az41 ! a/ronomical symbol ( ,uranus irradiat$ or4 ,cre/3 ,a demi-t]re/rial sph]e ppr41 !reon an eagle1 w+s elevat$ or4 ,motto3 ,coelis exploratis4 #g4 ,,! ,,flags ,,( ,,great ,,brita9 #hj 7#a7 ,! ,union ,jack1 7#b7 ,! ,royal ,/&>d4 #h4 ,a ,,crusad] ,,9 ,,mail ,,arm\r on ! cov] ,also fifty-five small black & :ite illu/rations ?r\gh\t ! text4 444 ,! noble sci5ce once ,! /udy & delight ( e g5tleman4 ,& ?us ! /ory ,( great de$s 0 told4 ,,peeps ,,at ,,h]aldry ,,*apt] ,i ,,an ,,introductory ,,talk ,,ab\t ,,h]aldry ,:at is h]aldry8 ,! art ( h]aldry1 or arm\ry1 z ! old writ]s call$ x1 consi/s 9 blazon+ ! arms & tell+ ! desc5t & hi/ory ( families by c]ta9 pictorial signs4 ,?us f age to age an au!nticat$ regi/] ( g5ealogies has be5 kept & h&$ on f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,! mak+ & keep+ ( ^! records h always be5 ! special duty ( a duly appo9t$ h]ald4 ,p]haps y ?9k t explanation ( h]aldry s\nds r dull1 b y w soon f9d out t v mu* t is int]e/+ & amus+1 too1 is associat$ ) ! /udy ( armorial be>+s4 ,= h]aldry1 :i*1 y "k1 0 reckon$ z "o ( ! prime glories ( *ivalry1 is ! language t keeps alive ! gold5 de$s done 9 ! _w1 & t is :y ^? :o h once le>nt its secrets are always anxi\s to p]suade o!rs to le>n !m too4 ,al?\gh1 says ! old writ]1 ,montague2 our ance/ors 7 little giv5 to /udy1 !y held a k ( h]aldry to be indisp5sable1 because !y consid]$ t x 0 ! outw>d sign ( ! _s ( *ivalry & ! index also to a l5g?y *ronicle ( d\ghty de$s4 ,n[1 x is 9 a language t is all its own t h]aldry tells its /ories1 & x is unlike any o!r 9 :i* hi/ory has be5 writt54 ,?is language1 z express$ 9 armorial be>+s1 conta9s no words1 no lett]s1 ev51 = signs & devices d ! "w ( words1 & v well !y d x4 ,& z almo/ e object1 animate & inanimate1 "u ! sun 0 us$ to compose ?is alphabet1 we %all f9d z we g on t n only are ! sun1 moon & />s1 ! cl\ds & ! ra9b[1 f\nta9s & sea1 rocks & /ones1 trees & plants ( all k9ds1 fruits & gra91 press$ into ! s]vice ( ?is h]aldic language1 b t all mann] ( liv+ creatures figure z well 9 ?is /range alphabet1 f t9y insects1 su* z bees & flies & butt]flies1 to ! full-l5g? repres5tations ( angels1 k+s1 bi%ops1 & w>riors4 ,my?ical creatures--dragons & cockatrices1 & ev5 m]maid5s--h also f\nd _! way into h]aldry1 j z we f9d traditions & leg5ds /ill l+]+ 9 ! hi/ory ( nations1 l ! pale gho/s ( old-_w beliefs4 ,& z ?\gh heav5ly bodies & plants & animals 7 n suffici5t = _! purpose1 h]alds add$ yet o!r lett]s to _! alphabet 9 ! %ape ( cr[ns1 maces1 r+s1 musical in/rum5ts1 pl\ghs1 scy!s1 spades1 :eels1 sp9dles1 lamps1 etc4 ,ea* ( ^! signs1 z y c easily und]/&1 told a /ory ( its own1 z did also ! t[]s1 ca/les1 ar*es1 bridges1 bells1 cups1 %ips1 an*ors1 hunt+-horns1 spe>s1 b[s1 arr[s1 & _m o!r objects1 :i*1 ) _! own special mean+1 we %all gradually f9d introduc$ into ! language ( h]aldry4 ,b p]haps by n[ y are beg9n+ to wond] h[ y c possibly le>n "o-half ( :at all ^! signs are meant to convey1 b y w n wond] ab\t t long1 = h]aldry has its own well-arrang$ gramm>1 & gramm>1 z y "k1 means fix$ rules :i* are simple guides = writ+ or speak+ a language correctly4 ,moreov]1 happily bo? = tea*] & le>n]1 ! fi% & birds & bea/s 7z well z all ! o!r objects we h j m5tion$7 d n come sw>m+ on to our pages 9 %oals & flocks & h]ds1 b we h to d ) !m ei!r s+ly or 9 twos & ?rees4 ,n[1 ev5 ^? p :o "k no?+ ab\t h]aldry are q famili> ) ! t]m1 a coat ( arms4 ,!y "k1 too1 t x means ! figure ( a %ield1 m>k$ & col\r$ 9 a v>iety ( ways1 s z to be di/9ctive ( individuals1 families1 etc4 ,b :y d we speak ( x z a coat ( arms :5 !re is no?+ to sugge/ su* a t]m8 ,i w tell y4 ,9 ! f>-away days ( q ano!r age1 h]aldry 0 s closely connect$ ) w>like exploits1 & its signs & tok5s 7 s mu* us$ on ! battle-field to di/+ui% fri5ds f foes1 t ea* w>rior wore 8 own special badge1 embroid]$ on ! g>m5t or surcoat :i* cov]$ 8 arm\r1 z well z1 lat] on1 ^u ! %ield :i* he c>ri$ into battle4 ,& ?is rem9ds u ( ! poor ,e>l ( ,gl\ce/]'s fate at ! ,battle ( ,bannockburn4 ,=1 hav+ =gott5 to put on 8 surcoat1 he 0 sla9 by ! enemy1 ?\gh we are told t ! ,scottes w\ld gladly h kept him = a ransom _h !y only recogniz$ him = ! ,e>l1 b he _h =got to put on 8 coat ( arm\r6 ,on ! o!r h&1 we h good reason to rememb] t ! fl[] ( knigh?ood1 ,sir ,john ,*&os1 lo/ 8 life because he did we> 8 :ite s>c5et robe emblazon$ ) 8 arms4 ,= x 0 because 8 feet became entangl$ 9 its folds 7z ,froiss>t tells u7 9 8 enc\nt] ) ! ,fr5* on ! ,bridge ( ,lussac1 t he /umbl$ on ! slipp]y gr\nd on t e>ly w9t]'s morn+1 & ?us 0 quickly despat*$ by ! enemy's bl[s4 ,n[1 ! pr9cipal end = :i* ^! signs 7 fir/ tak5 up & put 9 use1 says ,guillim1 0 t !y might s]ve z notes & m>ks to di/+ui% tribes1 families & p>ticul> p]sons f ! o!r4 ,nor 0 ?is _! only use4 ,!y also s]v$ to describe ! nature1 quality1 & disposition ( _! be>]4 ,sir ,g4 ,mack5zie goes f>!r1 & decl>es t h]aldry 0 inv5t$1 or1 at any rate1 kept up1 = two *ief purposes3 ,fir/1 9 ord] to p]petuate ! memory ( great actions & noble de$s4 ,secondly1 t gov]nors might h ! means ( enc\rag+ o!rs to p]=m high exploits by rew>d+ _! des]v+ subjects by a *eap k9d ( immortality4 7,to our e>s t la/ s5t5ce s\nds r disrespectful to ! hon\r ( h]aldry47 ,?us1 = example1 ,k+ ,rob]t ! ,bruce gave armorial be>+s to ! ,h\se ( ,w9t\n1 :i* repres5t$ a fall+ cr[n support$ by a sword1 to %[ t its memb]s _h support$ ! cr[n 9 its di/ress1 :ile to "o ,veit* he gave a bullock's head1 to rememb] po/]ity t ! be>] _h succ\r$ ! ,k+ ) food 9 br++ "s bullocks to ! camp1 :5 he 0 9 want ( provisions4 ,"s d]ive _! names z well z _! armorial be>+s f "s great feat t !y may h p]=m$4 ,?us3 ,! son ( ,/ruan ,rob]tson = kill+ ( a wolf 9 ,/ocket ,=e/ by a durk--dirk--9 ! ,k+'s pres5ce1 got ! "n ( ,ske91 :i* signifies a dirk 9 ,iri%1 & ?ree durk po9ts 9 pale = 8 arms4 ,we %all meet ) numb]s ( o!r in/ances 9 h]aldry :]e armorial be>+s 7 be/[$ ^u ! ance/ors ( _! pres5t be>]s = "s special reason1 :i* is !reby commemorat$4 ,inde$1 x is mo/ int]e/+ & amus+ to collect ! leg5ds z well z ! hi/orical facts :i* expla9 ! orig9 & mean+ ( diff]5t coats ( arms4 ,"h are a few in/ances ( "s r odd *>ges4 7,a *>ge is ! h]aldic t]m giv5 to any object :i* is *>g$1 or repres5t$1 on ! %ield ( a coat ( arms47 ,to beg9 ) ! ,r$man family3 ,!y be> ?ree pill[s1 ! orig9 ( :i* ,guillim expla9s--viz43 ,?is coat ( arms is giv5 to ! ,r$man family = ?is reason3 ,hav+ be5 *all5g$ to s+le combat by a /rang]1 & ! day & ! place = t combat hav+ be5 duly fix$1 ,r$man be+ m =w>d ?an 8 *all5g]1 came s e>ly to ! place t he fell asleep 9 8 t5t1 :il/ wait+ = ! arrival ( 8 foe4 ,! p be+ mean:ile assembl$ & ! h\r hav+ /ruck1 ! trumpets s\nd$ to ! combat1 :]eupon ,r$man1 sudd5ly awak5+ out ( 8 sleep1 ran furi\sly ^u 8 adv]s>y & slew him4 ,& s ! pill[s 7 grant$ to him z armorial be>+s1 to rem9d all m5 ( ! d\ghty de$ :i* he awak5$ f sleep to a*ieve4 ,9 _m cases ! *>ges on a coat ( arms reflect ! "n or ! call+ ( ! be>]4 ,:5 ?is happ5s !y are call$ allusive arms1 sometimes also cant+1 :i* latt] ^w is a lit]al translation ( ! ,fr5* t]m1 armes *antantes1 al?\gh1 z a matt] ( fact1 armes p>lantes is a m usual t]m4 ,"h are "s examples ( allusive arms4 ,! ,pyne family be> ?ree p9eapples1 ! ,h]r+s be> ?ree h]r+s1 "o1 ,camel ( ,devon1 be>s a camel passant2 ! ,ox5d5s be> ?ree ox52 ,sir ,?omas ,elmes be>s five elm-leaves2 ?ree soles figure on ! coat ( arms ( ! ,sole family1 & to ! description ( ! la/ armorial *>ge1 old ,guillim qua9tly adds3 ,by ! delicat5ess ( 8 ta/e1 ! sole ha? ga9$ ! "n ( ! p>tridge ( ! sea4 ,! arms ( ! ,abbot ( ,ramsey furni%1 p]haps1 "o ( ! mo/ gl>+ examples ( cant+ h]aldry1 = on 8 %ield a ram is repres5t$ /ruggl+ 9 ! sea6 ,on ! %ield ( ! ,swall[ family we f9d ! ma/ ( a %ip ) all its rigg+ disappe>+ betwe5 ! capaci\s jaws ( a :ale1 :il/ ! ,bacons be> a bo>4 ,b :oev] design$ ! coat ( arms ( a c]ta9 ,squire ,malh]be mu/ h surely be5 9 r a spiteful mood1 & c]ta9ly _h a turn = punn+4 ,= on t g5tleman's %ield we f9d ?ree leaves ( ! /++-nettle boldly *>g$6 ,9 ! armorial be>+s ( ! ,butl] family we see allusion made to _! call+ 9 ! *>ge ( ?ree cov]$ cups1 :i* commemorates ! hi/orical fact t ! ance/or ( ! pres5t ,m>quis ( ,ormonde1 ,!obald ,walt] by "n1 0 made ,*ief ,butl] ( ,irel& by ,h5ry ,,ii4 9 #aaga1 an (fice :i* 0 held by sev5 successive g5]ations ( ! ,ormonde family4 ,! family ( ,call *>ge _! %ield v appropriately ) ?ree silv] trumpets4 ,! ,=e/]s be> bugle horns2 ! ,trump+tons1 ?ree trumpets4 ,?ree eel-spe>s 7 borne by ! family ( ,/ra!le1 ?is be+ ! old "n giv5 to a curi\s =k1 set 9 a long wood5 h&le1 & us$ by fi%]m5 to spe> ! eels 9 mud4 ,! ,graham ,briggs *>ge a bridge ^u _! coat ( arms4 ,a tilt+ spe> 0 grant$ z 8 armorial be>+s to ,william ,%akespe>e1 :i* he bore z a s+le *>ge2 a s+le spe> 0 also borne appropriately by "o ,knight ( ,hyb]n4 ,z a la/ example ( allusive arms1 we may quote a comp>atively mod]n example--viz41 ! coat ( arms ( ! ,cun>d family4 ,"h we f9d ?ree an*ors *>g$ ^u ! field1 9 obvi\s allusion to ,sir ,samuel ,cun>d1 ! em95t m]*ant ( ,philadelphia & ! f\nd] ( ! ,h\se ( ,cun>d4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,%ield--,,its ,,=m1 ,,po9ts1 ,,& ,,t9ctures ,no?+ is m fasc9at+ 9 ! /udy ( h]aldry ?an ! cunn+ fa%ion 9 :i* x tells ! hi/ory ei!r ( a s+le individual or ( a family1 ( an in/itution1 or ( a city--sometimes ev5 ( an empire--all )9 ! space ( "o small %ield1 by us+ ! signs :i* compose its language4 ,x is a/\nd+ h[ mu* in=mation c be convey$ by ! skilful arrangem5t ( ^! signs to ^? :o c int]pret !m4 ,= armorial be>+s 7 n orig9ally adopt$ = ornam5t1 b to give real in=mation1 ab\t ^? :o bore !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b4 ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,le9/]4 ,arms4--,arg3 saltire gu3 ,cre/4--,monkey /atant ppr4 environ$ r\nd ! lo9s & *a9$ or4 ,support]s4--,two monkeys environ$ & *a9$ or4 ,motto4--,crom a boo4 ,?us e detail ( a coat ( arms has its own message to deliv]1 & mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,let u beg9 ) ! %ield1 :i* is z necess>y a "p ( any h]aldic a*ievem5t#a z ! canvas ( a pa9t+ is to ! picture portray$ ^u x4 ,footnote #a3 ,any complete h]aldic composition is describ$ z an a*ievem5t4 ,x actually s]ves z ! vehicle = depict+ ! coat ( arms4 ,! ^w %ield comes f ! ,saxon v]b scyldan1 to protect1 b ! h]aldic t]m escut*eon1 d]iv$ f ! ,greek sktos1 a sk91 rem9ds u t 9 old5 days w>riors cov]$ _! %ields ) ! sk9s ( wild bea/s4 ,e>ly ,britons us$ r\nd1 light %ields wov5 ( osi] twigs1 ) hides ?r[n ov] !m1 :il/ ! ,scy?ians & ,m$es dy$ _! %ields r$1 s t _! comrades 9 battle might n be disc\rag$ by see+ ! blood ( ! w\nd$4 ,! ,roman ,legion>y bore a wood5 %ield cov]$ ) lea!r & /r5g!n$ ) b>s & bosses ( metal1 :il/ ! ,greek %ield 0 m elaborate1 & rea*$ f a man's face to 8 knee4 ,hom] describes neas' %ield 9 ! ,iliad ?us3 ,five plates ( v>i\s metal1 v>i\s m\ld1 ,compos$ ! %ield1 ( brass ea* outw>d fold1 ,( t9 ea* inw>d1 & ! middle gold4 ,b :e!r ! %ield 7 ( basket-"w or metal1 :e!r x 7 borne by a savage hordesman or by a nobly equipp$ & m\nt$ knight1 x has always rank$ z its be>]'s mo/ preci\s acc\trem5t1 ! loss ( :i* 0 deem$ an irrep>able calamity & a deep disgrace to ! los]4 ,h[ pa!tically ,k+ ,david lam5ts ov] ! %ield ( ! mighty :i* 0 vilely ca/ away1 :5 ,saul 0 sla96 ,& ev]yone kn[s t :5 _! sons w5t =? to battle ! ,sp>tan mo!rs admoni%$ !m to return ei!r ) _! %ield or ^u x6 ,t !y %\ld return )\t a %ield 0 un?9kable6 ,?us1 naturally en\gh1 ! %ield 0 *os5 to be> ^? armorial devices :i* commemorat$ ! gold5 de$s ( its own]4 ,x 0 probably 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 t %ields 7 fir/ us$ 9 ?is way2 until !n1 w>riors wore _! badges embroid]$ ^u _! mantles or robes4 ,9 /udy+ ! h]aldic %ield1 its %ape mu/ be consid]$ fir/1 because t m>ks ! p]iod 9 hi/ory to :i* x belongs4#b ,footnote #b3 ,p>k] /ates t tw5ty-"o diff]5tly %ap$ %ields occur 9 h]aldry1 b ,guillim only m5tions f\rte5 v>ieties4 ,?us a b[$ %ield 7,fig4 #a7 d5otes ^? e>ly times :5 a w>rior's %ield fitt$ closely to 8 p]son1 :il/ a l>g]1 long] =m1 ! kite-%ap$ %ield1 0 9 use 9 ! "t ( ,ri*>d ,i4 7,fig4 #b74 ,?is disappe>$1 h[ev]1 9 ,h5ry ,,iii4's reign1 giv+ way to a mu* %ort] %ield kn[n z ! heat]-%ap$ 7see ,fig4 #c74 ,ano!r =m ( %ield _h a curv$ not* 9 ! "r side1 ?r\gh :i* ! lance 0 pass$ :5 ! %ield 0 display$ on ! brea/ 7,fig4 #d74 ,! %ield ( a coat ( arms usually pres5ts a pla9 surface1 b x is sometimes enri*$ ) a bordure--lit]ally bord]4 ,?is surface is t]m$ ! field1 because1 z ,i believe1 says ,guillim1 x bore ^? ensigns :i* ! own]'s val\r _h ga9$ = him on ! field4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,! sev]al po9ts ( a %ield h ea* _! respective names1 & s]ve z l&m>ks = locat+ ! exact position ( ! diff]5t figures *>g$ on ! field4 7,9 describ+ a %ield1 y mu/ always ?9k ( x z be+ worn by y\rself1 s t 9 look+ at a %ield1 "r & left become rev]s$1 & :at appe>s to y z ! "r side is really ! left1 & vice v]sa47 ,9 ,fig4 #e1 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 m>k ! *ief--i4e41 ! highe/ & mo/ hon\rable po9t ( ! %ield--,a m>k+ ! dext] *ief or upp] "r-h& side ( ! %ield1 ,b ! middle *ief1 & ,c ! s9i/] or left-h& side ( ! *ief4 ,e d5otes ! fess po9t1 or c5tre2 ,g1 ,h1 & ,i1 m>k ! base ( ! %ield--,g & ,i d5ot+ respectively ! dext] & s9i/] sides ( ! %ield1 & ,h ! middle base4 ,aft] ! po9ts ( a field1 come ! t9ctures1 :i* give ! col\r to a coat ( arms1 & are divid$ into two classes4 ,! fir/ includes ! two metals1 gold & silv]1 & ! five col\rs prop]--viz41 blue1 r$1 black1 gre51 purple4 ,9 h]aldic language ^! t9ctures are describ$ z or1 arg5t 7always writt5 arg371 azure 7az371 gules 7gu371#c sable 7sa371 v]t1 & purpure4 ,accord+ to ,guillim1 ea* t9cture 0 suppos$ to tea* its own lesson--e4g41 z gold excelle? all o!r metals 9 value & purity1 s ought its be>] to surpass all o!rs 9 pr[ess & virtue1 & s on4 ,footnote #c3 ,?is t]m = r$ is ?\ght to be d]iv$ ei!r f ! ,hebrew gulude1 a bit ( r$ clo?1 or f ! ,arabic1 gulu1 a rose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury "o ,petrosancta introduc$ ! sy/em ( del9eat+ ! t9ctures ( ! %ield by c]ta9 dots & l9es1 9 ! use ( :i* we h a good example ( h[ h]aldry c disp5se ) words4 ,?us p9-prick dots repres5t or 7,fig4 #f72 a blank surface1 arg5t 7,fig4 #g72 horizontal l9es1 azure 7,fig4 #h72 p]p5dicul>1 gules 7,fig4 #i72 horizontal & p]p5dicul> l9es cross+ ea* o!r1 sable 7,fig4 #aj72 diagonal l9es runn+ f ! dext] *ief to ! s9i/] base1 v]t 7,fig4 #aa72 diagonal l9es runn+ 9 an opposite direction1 purpure 7,fig4 #ab74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,,or4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--;,,arg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,,az4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--;,,gu4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,,sa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,v4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,,purpure4 ,two o!r col\rs1 orange & blood-col\r1 7 =m]ly 9 use1 b !y are practically obsolete n[4 ,furs con/itute ! second class ( t9ctures4 ,eight k9ds occur 9 ,engli% h]aldry1 b we c only m5tion ! two mo/ important--viz41 erm9e & vair4 ,! =m] is repres5t$ by black spots on a :ite gr\nd 7,fig4 #ac74d ,z %ields 7 anci5tly cov]$ ) ! sk9s ( animals1 x is q natural t furs %\ld appe> 9 armorial be>+s4 ,erm9e1 says ,guillim1 is a little bea/ t ha? 8 be+ 9 ! woods ( ,arm5ia1 :]e( he take? 8 "n4 ,footnote #d3 ,:5 ! same spots are 9 :ite on a black field x is t]m$ erm9es1 :il/ black spots on a gold field are blazon$ or describ$ z erm9ois4 ,_m leg5ds acc\nt = ! h]aldic use ( erm9e1 notably t relat+ h[1 :5 ,conan ,m]iadic l&$ 9 ,brittany1 an erm9e s\ght %elt] f 8 pursu]s "u ,conan's %ield4 ,!reupon ! ,pr9ce protect$ ! small fugitive1 & adopt$ an erm9e z 8 arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--;,,erm9e4 ,f e>ly days ! we>+ ( erm9e 0 a mo/ hon\rable di/9ction1 enjoy$ only by c]ta9 privileg$ p]sons1 & disall[$ to !m 9 cases ( misdemean\r4 ,?us1 :51 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii4 absolv$ ,h5ry ( ,falk5burg = 8 %>e 9 ! murd] ( ! ,bi%op ( ,wurtzburg1 he impos$ on him z a p5ance nev] to appe> 9 erm9e1 vair1 or any o!r col\r us$ 9 t\rnam5ts4 ,&1 accord+ to ,jo9ville1 :5 ,/4 ,l\is return$ to ,france f ,egypt1 he r5\nc$ ! we>+ ( furs z a m>k ( humility1 cont5t+ himself ) l9+s = 8 g>m5ts made ( doesk9s or legs ( h>es4 ,z to vair1 ,mack5zie tells u t x 0 ! sk9 ( a bea/ ^: back 0 blue-grey 7x 0 actually meant = ! bo>1 = :i* v]res 0 ! ,lat9 "n71 & t ! figure us$ 9 h]aldry to indicate vair repres5ts ! %ape ( ! sk9 :5 ! head & feet h be5 tak5 away 7,fig4 #ad74 ,^! sk9s1 he says1 7 us$ by anci5t gov]nors to l9e _! pomp\s robes1 sew+ "o sk9 to ! o!r4 ,vair 0 fir/ us$ z a di/9ctive badge by ! ,"l de ,c\rcies :5 fight+ 9 ,hung>y4 ,see+ t 8 soldi]s 7 fly+ f ! field1 he tore ! l9+ f 8 mantle & rais$ x al(t z an ensign4 ,!reupon1 ! soldi]s ralli$ to ! *>ge & ov]came ! enemy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,,vair4 ,c9d]ella's glass slipp] 9 ! fairy-tale1 :i* came orig9ally f ,france1 %\ld really h be5 translat$ fur1 x be+ easy to und]/& h[ ! old ,fr5* ^w vaire 0 suppos$ to be a =m ( v]re1 & 0 r5d]$ accord+ly4 ,mu* might /ill be said ab\t v>i$ fields--i4e41 ^? :i* h ei!r m ?an "o col\r or a metal & a col\r alt]natively1 or1 aga91 :i* h patt]ns or devices repres5t$ ^u !m4 ,we c1 h[ev]1 only m5tion t :5 ! field %[s small squ>es alt]nately ( a metal & col\r1 x is describ$ z *ecky1 :5 x is /rewn ) small objects--su* z fleurs-de-lys or billets--x is describ$ z p[d]$ or s[n4 ,a diap]$ field is also to be met )1 b ?is1 be+ m]ely an arti/ic detail1 has no h]aldic significance4 ,!re=e1 :]eas 9 blazon+ armorial be>+s "o mu/ always /ate if ! field is *ecky or p[d]$1 ! diap] is nev] m5tion$4 ,9 conclud+ ?is *apt] we mu/ add t "o ( ! fir/ rules to be le>nt 9 h]aldry is t 9 arrang+ ! t9ctures ( a coat ( arms1 metal c nev] be plac$ ^u metal1 nor col\r ^u col\r4 ,! field mu/ !re=e be gold or silv] if x is to receive a col\r$ *>ge1 or vice v]sa4 ,?is rule 0 probably made because1 z we said above1 ! knights orig9ally bore _! arms embroid]$ ^u _! mantles1 ^! g>m5ts be+ always ei!r ( clo? ( gold or ( silv]1 embroid]$ ) silk1 or !y 7 ( silk5 mat]ial1 embroid]$ ) gold or silv]4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,divisions ,,( ,,! ,,%ield ,al?\gh 9 _m %ields ! field pres5ts an unbrok5 surface1 yet we (t5 f9d x cut up into divisions ( sev]al k9ds4 ,^! divisions come "u ! head ( simple *>ges1 & ! old h]alds expla9 _! orig9--viz43 ,aft] battles 7 end$1 ! %ields ( soldi]s 7 consid]$1 & he 0 acc\nt$ mo/ des]v+ ^: %ield 0 mo/ or deepe/ cut4 ,& to recomp5se ! dang]s :]e9 !y 7 %[n to h be5 by ^? cuts = ! s]vice ( _! ,k+ & c\ntry1 ! h]alds did repres5t !m ^u _! %ields4 ,! common cuts gave "n to ! common p>titions1 ( :i* ! o!rs are made by v>i\s conjunctions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #c4 ,,m>quis ,,( ,,h]t=d4 ,arms4--,qu>t]ly #a/ & #d? ,or on a pile gu3 betwe5 #f fleurs de lys az3 #c lions passant gu>dant 9 pale or4 #bnd & #crd gu3 #b w+s conjo9$ 9 lure or4 ,seym\r4 ,cre/4--,out ( a ducal coronet or1 a phoenix ppr4 ,support]s4--,two blackamoors4 ,motto4--,fide et amore4 ,! h]aldic t]m giv5 to ^! p>tition-l9es ( ! field is ord9>ies4 ,!re are n9e ( ^!1 t]m$ respectively1 *ief1 fesse1 b>1 pale1 cross1 b5d1 saltire1 *evron1 & pile4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,! *ief1 occupy+ ab\t ! upp] ?ird ( ! field1 is m>k$ (f by a horizontal l9e 7,fig4 #ae72 ! fesse1 d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 fascia1 a b&1 is a broad b& cross+ ! c5tre ( ! field horizontally1 & ext5ds ov] a ?ird ( its surface 7,fig4 #af74 ,! b> is v l ! fesse1 b diff]s f x1 7a7 9 be+ mu* n>r[] & only occupy+ a fif? portion ( ! field1 7b7 9 be+ liable to be plac$ 9 any "p ( ! field1 :]eas ! fesse is an immovable *>ge1 7c7 9 be+ us$ mo/ly 9 pairs & n s+ly4 ,two or ?ree b>s may be *>g$ on ! same field1 & :5 an ev5 numb] ei!r ( metal or fur alt]nat+ ) a col\r occur toge!r1 ! field is !n describ$ z b>ry1 ! numb] ( ! b>s be+ always /at$1 s t if !re are six b>s1 x is said to be b>ry ( six1 if eight1 b>ry ( eight 7,fig4 #ag74 ,! pale1 probably d]iv$ f palus1 a /ake1 is also a broad b& l ! fesse1 b runs p]p5dicul>ly d[n ! %ield1 in/ead ( horizontally across x 7,fig4 #ah74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,! cross1 :i* is ! ord9>y ,/4 ,george's ,cross1 is pre-em95tly ! h]aldic cross1 out ( ne>ly f\r hundr$ v>ieties ( ! sacr$ sign4 ,x is really a simple comb9ation ( ! fesse & pale4 ,b5d is aga9 a broad b&1 b x runs diagonally across ! field f ! dext] *ief to ! s9i/] base4 ,x is suppos$ to occupy a ?ird portion ( ! field1 b r>ely does s 7,fig4 #ai74 ,! saltire is ! famili> ,/4 ,&rew's ,cross1 ow+ its "n probably to ! ,fr5* salci] 7see ,fig4 #bj74 ,! *evron1 resembl+ ! lett] ,v turn$ topsy-turvy1 is a comb9ation ( a b5d dext] & a b5d s9i/]1 & is r m ?an ! l[] half ( ! saltire4 ,! ,fr5* ^w *evron1 /ill 9 use1 means raft]s 7,fig4 #ba74 ,! pile1 d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 = pill>1 is a triangul> w$ge1 & :5 *>g$ s+ly on a field may issue f any po9t ( ! latt]1 except f ! base 7,fig4 #bb74 ,if m ?an "o pile occurs1 we g5]ally f9d ! numb] is ?ree1 al?\gh ! ,e>l ( ,cl>e be>s two piles issu+ f ! *ief4 ,_m old writ]s1 notably among/ ! ,fr5*1 attribute a symbolical mean+ to ea* ( ^! ord9>ies4 ,?us1 "s believe ! *ief to repres5t ! helmet ( ! w>rior1 ! fesse 8 belt or b&1 ! b> "o ( ! great peeces ( tymb] :i* be us$ to deb>re ! enemy f ent]+ any city4 ,! pale 0 ?\ght by "s to repres5t ! w>rior's lance1 by o!rs ! pal+s by :i* cities & camps 7 gu>d$2 ! cross 0 borne by ^? :o f\ght = ! fai?2 ! b5d 0 int]pret$ by "s to ref] to ! %\ld]-sc>f ( ! knight1 :il/ o!rs describe x z a scal+-ladd] set aslope4 ,ano!r v>iety ( ! scal+-ladd] 0 repres5t$ by ! saltire4 ,! *evron1 or raft]s1 7 held to symbolize protection1 su* z a ro( af=ds1 :il/ ! pile sugge/s a /rong support ( "s sort4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,!re is a t5? ord9>y1 :i* is kn[n z ! %ake=k 7,fig4 #bc74 ,practically unkn[n 9 ,engli% h]aldry1 x is frequ5tly met ) 9 ,scot* arms4 ,x is %ap$ l ! lett] ,y & po9t$ at its extremities1 b does n ext5d to ! edge ( ! field4 ,guillim attributes its orig9 to an in/rum5t 9 use 9 ! royal /ables1 :]eby hay 0 ?r[n up to ! horses 7surely ?is in/rum5t mu/ h be5 next-(-k9 to our homely pit*=k871 & he believes ! %ake=k to h be5 grant$ to a c]ta9 ,e>l ( ,gl5cairne1 :o at "o "t 0 ,ma/] ( ! ,k+'s ,horse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,_m hi/orical /ories are connect$ ) ! diff]5t *>ges we h j be5 describ+1 b we h only space to m5tion two1 ref]r+ respectively to ! fesse & ! saltire4 ,! =m] rem9ds u ( ! orig9 ( ! arms ( ,au/ria1 :i* date f ! ,siege ( ,acre1 :]e our ,coeur-de-,lion won su* glory4 ,x 0 "h t ,leopold1 ,duke ( ,au/ria1 w5t into battle1 clad 9 a spotlessly :ite l95 robe1 b\nd at ! wai/ ) 8 knight's belt4 ,on return+ f ! field1 ! ,duke's tunic 0 total gules--blood-r$--save :]e ! belt _h protect$ ! :ite ( ! g>m5t4 ,!reupon1 8 liege-"l1 ,duke ,fr$]ic ( ,swabia1 fa!r ( ! fam\s ,fr$]ic ,b>b>ossa1 grant$ p]mission to ,leopold to be> z 8 arms a silv] fesse ^u a blood-r$ field4 ,! saltire1 recall+ ! ,fr5* =m ( scal+-ladd] ( ! ,middle ,ages1 rem9ds u ( h[ ! brave ,joan ( ,arc plac$ ! salci] ) h] own h&s aga9/ ! =t ( ,t\rnelles4 ,& we rememb] h[1 :5 h] %\ld] 0 pres5tly pi]c$ by an ,engli% arr[1 %e h]self drew x out f ! gha/ly w\nd1 rebuk+ ! wom5 :o wept r\nd h] ) ! triumphant cry3 ,?is is n blood1 b glory6 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,9 addition to ! ord9>ies1 !re are fifte5 sub-ord9>ies4 ,^! less important divisions ( ! %ield are kn[n 9 h]aldry z ! canton1 inescut*eon1 bordure1 orle1 tressure1 flan*es1 loz5ge1 mascle1 ru/re1 fusil1 billet1 gyron1 frette1 & r\ndle4 ,ow+ to limit$ space1 we _c g into detail ) reg>d to ^! *>ges1 b we may m5tion t ! canton1 f ! ,fr5* ^w = a corn]1 is plac$1 ) r>e exceptions1 9 ! dext] side ( ! field1 be+ suppos$ to occupy "o-?ird ( ! *ief4 ,x is (t5 add$ z an augm5tation ( hon\r to a coat ( arms4 ,! badge ( a b>onet1 ! r$ h&1 is g5]ally *>g$ on a canton1 sometimes also on an inescut*eon1 & x is !n plac$ on ! field1 s z n to int]f]e ) ! family arms 7,fig4 #bd74 ,! inescut*eon is a small] %ield plac$ ^u ! field1 &1 :5 borne s+ly1 x occupies ! c5tre 7,fig4 #be74 ,?ree1 or ev5 five1 escut*eons may be borne toge!r4 ,! bordure 7,fig4 #bf7 is a b& surr\nd+ ! field1 :i* may be ei!r void--t is1 be>+ no k9d ( device--or x may h *>ges ^u x1 z 9 ! arms ( ,engl&1 :]e ! bordure is *>g$ ) eight lions4 ,! orle & ! tressure are only v>ieties ( ! bordure1 j z ! mascle1 ru/re1 & fusil1 are v>iations ( ! diamond-%ap$ figure kn[n z ! loz5ge 7,fig4 #bg74 ,! latt] is always set erect on ! field4 ,! arms ( an unm>ri$ woman & a wid[ are always display$ on a loz5ge4 ,! mascle--a l9k ( *a9 arm\r--is a loz5ge squ>e set diagonally1 pi]c$ 9 ! c5tre ) a diamond-%ap$ op5+1 :il/ ! ru/re is a loz5ge pi]c$ ) a r\nd hole4 ,! fusil is a long] & n>r[] =m ( diamond4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,! billet is a small elongat$ rectangul> figure1 repres5t+ a block ( wood1 & is seldom us$4 ,! gyron 7,fig4 #bh71 :i* is a triangul> figure1 does n occur 9 ,engli% h]aldry z a s+le *>ge1 b :at is t]m$ a coat gyronny is n unusual 9 armorial be>+s1 :5 ! field may be divid$ into t51 twelve1 or ev5 sixte5 pieces4 ,all arms borne by ! ,campbell clan h a field gyronny4 ,! orig9 ( ! ^w is d\btful2 "s trace x to ! ,greek = curve1 o!rs to a ,spani% ^w = gore or gusset4 ,! introduction ( a gyron into h]aldry dates f ! reign ( ,alfonso ,,vi4 ( ,spa91 :o1 be+ sore beset by ! ,moors1 0 rescu$ by 8 fai?ful knight1 ,don ,rod]ico de ,cissnres4 ,! latt]1 z a mem5to ( ! occasion1 tore ?ree triangul> pieces f ,alfonso's mantle1 be+ h5ce=w>d all[$ to repres5t ! same on 8 %ield 9 ! %ape ( a gyron4 ,! frette1 =m]ly kn[n z a trellis1 f its resemblance to lattice-"w1 is v frequ5t 9 ,briti% h]aldry2 x also occurs z a net 9 connection ) fi% *>ges4 ,9 ! ,gr& ,t\rnam5t held at ,dun/able to celebrate ,edw>d ,,iii4's return f ,scotl&1 "o ,sir ,john de ,h>r+ton bore a fretty arg41 *>g$ ^u a sable field4 ,! r\ndlet is simply a r+ ( metal or col\r1 & is mu* us$ 9 coats ( arms at all p]iods ( h]aldry4 ,! family ( ,wells be>s a r\ndlet to repres5t a f\nta91 :il/ ! ,sykes *>ge _! %ield ) ?ree r\ndlets1 9 allusion to _! "n1 sykes be+ an old t]m = a well4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,9 ,fig4 #bi we see an example ( a %ield *>g$ ) an inescut*eon )9 a bordure4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,blazon+ ,,( ,,armorial ,,be>+s ,9 ?is *apt] we %all deal ) blazon+1 9 :i* ! skill ( h]aldry is said to lie4 ,! ^w blazon 9 its h]aldic s5se means ! art ( describ+ armorial be>+s 9 _! prop] t]ms & sequ5ce4 ,to blazon1 says ,guillim1 signifies prop]ly ! w9d+ ( a horn1 b to blazon a coat ( arms is to describe or proclaim ! ?+s borne ^u x 9 _! prop] ge/ures & t9ctures 7i4e41 _! col\rs & attitudes7 :i* ! h]ald 0 b\nd to d4#a ,footnote #a3 ,our ^w bla/1 z well z our v]b to bl[1 are obvi\sly d]iv$ f ! ,g]man blas51 ! ,anglo-,saxon blaw51 to bl[1 & ! ,fr5* blasonn]4 ,! h]ald1 z we "k1 p]=m$ _m diff]5t (fices4 ,x 0 8 duty to c>ry messages betwe5 ho/ile armies1 to m>%al processions1 to *all5ge to combat1 to arrange ! c]emonial at gr& public functions1 to settle que/ions ( prec$5ce1 to id5tify ! sla9 on ! battle-field--?is duty dem&$ an ext5sive k ( h]aldry#b--to ann\nce 8 sov]eign's comm&s1 &1 f9ally1 to proclaim ! armorial be>+s & feats ( arms ( ea* knight z he ent]$ ! li/s at a t\rnam5t4 ,footnote #b3 ,d y rememb] t 9 ! ,cant]bury ,tales ! knight tells ! /ory ( h[1 aft] ! battle1 two "y knights 7 f\nd ly+ side by side1 ea* clad 9 8 own arms1 & h[ nei!r ( !m1 ?\gh n fully dead1 0 alive en\gh to say 8 own "n1 b by _! coote-armure & by _! g]e ! h]audes knew !m well8 ,probably because ?is la/ duty 0 prec$$ by a fl\ri% or bla/ ( trumpets1 p le>nt to associate ! idea ( blazon+ ) ! proclamation ( armorial be>+s1 & ?us ! t]m crept into h]aldic language & signifi$ ! describ+ or depict+ ( all t belong$ to a coat ( arms4 ,! few & comp>atively simple rules ) reg>d to blazon+ armorial be>+s mu/ be rigidly obs]v$4 ,!y are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,9 depict+ a coat ( arms we mu/ always beg9 ) ! field4 #b4 ,its t9cture mu/ be /at$ fir/1 :e!r ( metal or col\r4 ,?is is su* an inv>iable rule t ! fir/ ^w 9 ! description ( arms is always ! t9cture1 ! ^w field be+ s well und]/ood t x is nev] m5tion$4 ,?us1 :5 ! field ( a %ield is azure1 ! blazon beg9s ,az41 ! *>ges be+ m5tion$ next1 ea* "o ( ^! be+ nam$ be=e its col\r4 ,?us1 we %\ld blazon ,fig4 #dd ,or1 rav5 prop]4 ,:5 ! field is sem ) small *>ges su* z fleur-de-lys1 x mu/ be blazon$ accord+ly sem ( fleur-de-lys1 9 ! case ( cross-crosslets1 ! t]m crusily is us$4 #c4 ,! ord9>ies mu/ be m5tion$ next1 be+ blazon$ be=e _! col\r4 ,?us1 if a field is divid$ say1 by b5dlets 7,fig4 #cj71 ! dim9ution ( b5d1 x is blazon$ p] b5dlets1 if by a pale 7,fig4 #ah71 p] pale1 or p] pallets1 if ! dim9utive occurs1 z 9 ,fig4 #ca1 :il/ ! division 9 ,fig4 #cb %\ld be blazon$ pale p] fesse4 ,! field ( ,fig4 #ag is blazon$ arg41 two b>s gu4 ,all ! ord9>ies & subord9>ies are blazon$ 9 ?is way except ! *ief1 7,fig4 #ae71 ! qu>t] 7blazon$ p] cross or qu>t]ly7 ! canton1 ! flan*1 & ! bordure4 ,^!1 be+ consid]$ less important ?an ! o!r divisions1 are nev] m5tion$ until all ! re/ ( ! %ield has be5 describ$4 ,consequ5tly1 we %\ld blazon ,fig4 #dh ?us1 ,arg41 *evron gu41 ?ree soles hauriant--dr9k+1 prop]1 ) a bordure invect$ sa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,! t]m invect$ rem9ds u t s f> we h only spok5 ( ord9>ies :i* h /raight unbrok5 outl9es4 ,b !re are at lea/ ?irte5 diff]5t ways 9 :i* ! edge ( an ord9>y may v>y f ! /raight l9e4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we c only m5tion ! f\r be/-kn[n v>ieties1 t]m$1 respectively1 engrail$1 7,fig4 #cc1 #a71 invect$ 7#b71 embattl$ 7#c71 & ind5t$ 7#d74 ,o!r v>ieties are kn[n z wavy1 raguly1 dancett1 dovetail$1 nebuly1 etc4 ,:5ev] any ( ^! v>ieties occur1 !y mu/ be blazon$ be=e ! t9cture4 ,?us 9 describ+ ! ,%elley arms1 ,fig4 #ej1 we %\ld say3 ,sa1 fesse ind5t$1 :elks or4 ,fig4 #cd %[s a b5d embattl$1 ,fig4 #ce a fesse engrail$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 #d4 ,! next ?+ to be blazon$ is ! pr9cipal *>ge on ! field4 ,if ?is does n happ5 to be "o ( ! *ief ord9>ies1 or if no ord9>y occurs 9 ! coat ( arms1 z 9 ,fig4 #ch1 !n t *>ge %\ld be nam$ :i* occupies ! fesse po9t1 & 9 ?is case ! position ( ! *>ge is nev] m5tion$1 because x is und]/ood t x occupies ! middle ( ! field4 ,:5 !re are two or m *>ges on ! same field1 b none actually plac$ on ! fesse po9t1 !n t *>ge is blazon$ fir/ :i* is ne>e/ ! c5tre & !n ^? :i* are m remote4 ,all repetition ( words mu/ be avoid$ 9 depict+ a coat ( arms1 ! same ^w nev] be+ us$ twice ov]1 ei!r 9 describ+ ! t9cture or 9 /at+ a numb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,?us1 9 blazon+ ,"l ,sc>bor\gh's arms 7see col\r$ plate71 we mu/ say3 ,arg41 fesse gu41 betwe5 ?ree p>rots v]t1 coll>$ ( ! second1 ! second signify+ ! second col\r m5tion$ 9 ! blazon--viz41 gules4 ,aga91 if ?ree *>ges ( "o k9d occur 9 ! same field ) ?ree *>ges ( ano!r k9d1 z 9 ! arms ( ,c\rt5ay1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 :o _h ?ree r\ndles & ?ree mitres1 to avoid repeat+ ! ^w ?ree1 !y are blazon$1 ,?ree r\ndles ) z _m mitres4 ,:5 any *>ge is plac$ on an ord9>y1 z 9 ,fig4 #da1 :]e ?ree calves are *>g$ ^u ! b5d1 if ^! *>ges are ( ! same col\r z ! field in/ead ( repeat+ ! "n ( ! col\r1 x mu/ be blazon$ z be+ ( ! field4 ,we n[ come to ^? *>ges kn[n z m>ks ( cad5cy4 ,!y are also call$ diff]5ces or di/9ctions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,cad5cy--lit]ally1 fall+ d[n--means 9 h]aldic language1 desc5d+ a scale1 & is !re=e a v suitable t]m = describ+ ! desc5d+ degrees ( a family4 ,?us m>ks ( cad5cy are c]ta9 figures or devices :i* are employ$ 9 armorial be>+s 9 ord] to m>k ! di/9ctions betwe5 ! diff]5t memb]s & bran*es ( "o & ! same family4 ,^! m>ks are always small] ?an o!r *>ges1 & ! h]ald is c>eful to place !m :]e !y d n int]f]e ) ! re/ ( ! coat ( arms4 ,!re are n9e m>ks ( cad5cy--g5]ally only sev5 are quot$--s t 9 a family ( n9e sons1 ea* son has 8 own special diff]5ce4 ,! elde/ son be>s a label 7,fig4 #cf1 #a72 ! second1 a cresc5t1 7#b72 ?ird1 a mullet 7#c7--! h]aldic t]m = ! r[el ( a spur#c2 ! f\r?1 a m>tlet 7#d7--! h]aldic swall[2 ! fif?1 a r\ndle or r+ 7#e72 ! six?1 a fleur-de-lys 7#f72 ! sev5?1 a rose 7#g72 ! eigh?1 a cross mol9e2 & ! n9?1 a d\ble quatrefoil4 ,! s+le quatrefoil repres5ts ! h]aldic primrose4 ,!re is mu* d\bt z to :y ! label 0 *os5 = ! elde/ son's badge1 b ?\gh _m writ]s int]pret ! symbolism ( ! o!r m>ks ( cad5cy 9 v>i\s ways1 mo/ are agre$ z to ! mean+ ( ! cresc5t1 mullet1 & m>tlet--viz41 ! cresc5t repres5ts ! d\ble bless+ :i* gives hope ( future increase2 ! mullet implies t ! ?ird son mu/ e>n a position = himself by 8 own knightly de$s2 :il/ ! m>tlet sugge/s t ! y\ng] son ( a family mu/ be cont5t ) a v small portion ( l& to re/ ^u4 ,z reg>ds ! repres5tation ( ! o!r *>ges1 ! writ] once saw ! foll[+ explanation 9 an old manuscript manual ( ,fr5* h]aldry--namely3 ,! fif? son be>s a r+1 z he c only hope to enri* himself ?r\gh m>riage2 ! six?1 a fleur-de-lys1 to repres5t ! quiet1 retir$ life ( ! /ud5t2 ! sev5?1 a rose1 because he mu/ le>n to ?rive & blossom amid/ ! ?orns ( h>d%ips2 ! eigh?1 a cross1 z a h9t t he %\ld take holy ord]s2 :il/ to ! n9? son is assign$ ! d\ble primrose1 because he mu/ ne$s dwell 9 ! humble pa?s ( life4 ,footnote #c3 ,a mullet is g5]ally repres5t$ z a /> ) five po9ts1 b if !re are six or m1 ! numb] mu/ be specifi$4 ,x mu/ also be /at$ if ! mullet is pi]c$1 s t ! t9cture ( ! field is %[n ?r\gh ! op5+4 ,! elde/ son ( a second son w\ld *>ge 8 diff]5ce z elde/ son1 a label1 ^u 8 fa!r's cresc5t 7,fig4 #cg71 to %[ t he 0 desc5d$ f ! second son1 all 8 bro!rs *>g+ _! own respective diff]5ces on _! fa!r's cresc5t also4 ,?us1 ea* elde/ son ( all ^! sons 9 turn becomes head ( 8 own p>ticul> bran*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,:5 a coat ( arms is *>g$ ) a m>k ( cad5cy1 x is always m5tion$ la/ 9 blazon+1 & is foll[$ by ! words1 = a diff]5ce4 ,?us ,fig4 #dc %\ld be blazon$1 ,or1 k+fi%] ) 8 beak erect$ b5dways#d prop] ) a mullet = a diff]5ce gu41 ?us %[+ t ! arms are borne by a ?ird son4 ,footnote #d3 ,! individual direction ( a *>ge %\ld be blazon$1 z well z its position 9 ! field4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,common ,,or ,,miscellane\s ,,*>ges ,aft] ! prop] *>ges :i* we h j be5 consid]+1 we come to ^? t]m$ common or miscellane\s4 7,h[ truly miscellane\s ^! are we h already %[n 9 our fir/ *apt]47 ,guillim arranges ^! *>ges 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,cele/ial ,bodies4--,angels1 sun1 moon1 />s1 etc4 ,metals & ,m9]als4--,"u ?is latt] title rank preci\s /ones & useful /ones--su* z jewels & mill/ones1 gr9d/ones1 etc41 also rocks4 ,plants & o!r ,vegetatives4 ,liv+ ,creatures4--,^! latt] he divides into two classes--viz41 ,^? :i* are unreasonable1 z all mann] ( bea/s & ,man1 :i* is reasonable4 ,to beg9 ) ! heav5ly bodies4 ,angels1 z also human be+s1 are v r>e *>ges1 ?\gh ,guillim quotes ! arms ( "o ,maellock ,kwrm1 ( ,wales1 :]e ?ree rob$ kneel+ angels are *>g$ ^u a *evron1 & also ! coat ( arms ( ,sir ,john ,adye 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :]e ?ree *]ubim heads occur on ! field4 ,bo? angels & m51 h[ev]1 are (t5 us$ 9 h]aldry z support]s4 ,*>les ,,vi4 add$ two angels z support]s to ! arms ( ,france1 & two w+$ angels occur z su* 9 ! arms ( ! ,e>l ( ,ox=d4 ,support]s1 y mu/ und]/&1 are ^? figures :i* are repres5t$ /&+ on ei!r side ( a %ield ( arms1 z if !y 7 support+ x4 ,no "o may be> ^! figures except by special grant1 ! grant be+ re/rict$ to ,pe]s1 ,knights ( ! ,g>t]1 ,?i/le1 & ,/4 ,patrick1 ,knights ,gr& ,cross1 & ,knights ,gr& ,comm&]s ( o!r ord]s4 ,*>ges ( ! sun1 moon1 & o!r heav5ly bodies are comp>atively r>e4 ,"o ,/4 ,cle]e r aptly be>s ! sun 9 spl5d\r1 :i* is repres5t$ z a human face1 surr\nd$ by rays4 ,sir ,w4 ,?ompson's %ield is *>g$ ) ! sun & ?ree />s4 ,! sun eclips$ occurs occasionally 9 armorial be>+s2 x is !n repres5t$ ?us3 ,or1 ! sun sable4 ,! moon occurs v (t5 9 e>ly coats ( arms1 ei!r full1 :5 %e is blazon$ ! moon 9 h] complem5t1 or 9 cresc5t4 ,! ,def\s be> a v comical cresc5t1 repres5t+ a human pr(ile4 ,( ^! arms1 ! old h]ald says sev]ely3 ,a weak eye & a weak] judgm5t h f\nd ! face ( a man 9 ! moon1 :]e9 we h gott5 t fa%ion ( repres5t+ ! moon ) a face4 ,! moon is c]ta9ly n 9 fav\r ) ,guillim1 =1 aft] decl>+ t %e 0 ! symbol ( incon/ancy1 he quotes ! foll[+ fable f ,pl9y to h] discr$it3 ,once on a "t ! moon s5t = a tailor to make h] a g[n1 b he c\ld nev] fit h]2 x 0 always ei!r too big or too little1 n ?r\gh any fault ( 8 own1 b because h] incon/ancy made x impossible to fit ! hum\rs ( "o s fickle & un/able4 ,! six? ,bi%op ( ,ely _h v curi\s arms1 = he bore bo? sun & moon on 8 %ield1 ! sun 9 8 spl5d\r & ! moon 9 h] complem5t4 ,/>s occur repeat$ly z h]aldic *>ges4 ,john ,huitson ( ,cleasby bore a sixte5-po9t$ />2 ,sir ,francis ,drake *>g$ 8 %ield ) ! two pol> />s2 :il/ ,ri*>d ,i4 bore a /> issu+ f ! horns ( a cresc5t4 ,! ,c>twrights be> a comet2 :il/ ! ra9b[ is *>g$ on ! ,ponts' %ield1 & is also borne z a cre/ by ! ,pontifex1 ,wigan1 & ,?ur/on families4 ,! ,c>negies use a ?und]bolt z _! cre/4 ,we n[ come to ! elem5ts--fire1 wat]1 e>?1 & air1 :i* all occur z *>ges1 b n (t51 9 armorial be>+s4 ,fire1 9 ! =m ( flames1 is p]haps ! mo/ frequ5t *>ge4 ,! ,baikie family be> flames1 :il/ we h se5 ! picture ( a *ur* w9d[ 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 :]e a coat ( arms is repres5t$ ) a *evron betwe5 ?ree flames ( fire4 ,! orig9al be>] ( ^! arms di/+ui%$ himself1 we 7 told1 by re/or+ ! *ur* aft] x _h be5 burnt d[n4 ,fire (t5 occurs 9 comb9ation ) o!r *>ges1 su* z a phoenix1 :i* always rises out ( flames1 ! salam&]1#a & ! fi]y sword4 ,footnote #a3 ,! salam&] 0 ! device ( ,francis ,i4 ( ,france1 & on ! occasion ( ! ,field ( ! ,clo? ( ,gold ! ,fr5* gu>d bore ! salam&] embroid]$ on _! uni=ms4 ,que5 ,elizabe? *ose a phoenix amid/ flames z "o ( h] h]aldic *>ges4 ,macleod1 ,"l ( ! ,isles ( ,skye & ,lewis1 be>s a m\nta9 inflam$--lit]ally1 a volcano--on 8 %ield1 ?us comb9+ ! two elem5ts1 e>? & fire4 ,etna is l ?is1 says ,guillim2 or else ?is is l ,etna4 ,wat]1 z we "k1 is usually repres5t$ by r\ndlets1 b ! e>? may figure 9 a v>iety ( ways :5 introduc$ into h]aldry4 ,9 ! arms ( "o ,k+ ( ,spa9 x took ! %ape ( fifte5 islets1 :il/ "o ,sir ,edw>d ,tydesley *>g$ 8 field ) ?ree mole-hills4 ,jewels pure & simple occur v r>ely z *>ges4 ,a s+le esc>buncle 0 borne by ! ,empress ,maud1 daught] ( ,h5ry ,i41 z also by ! ,bl\nts ( ,gl\ce/]4 ,oddly en\gh1 h[ev]1 mill-/ones 7 held to be v hon\rable *>ges1 because1 z !y mu/ always be us$ 9 pairs1 !y symboliz$ ! mutual dep5d5ce ( "o fell[-creature on ! o!r4 ,!y 7 !re=e consid]$ ! mo/ preci\s ( all o!r /ones4 ,! family ( ,milv]ton be> ?ree mill-/ones4 ,plants1 hav+ be5 creat$ be=e animals1 are consid]$ next4 ,trees1 ei!r :ole or repres5t$ by /ocks or bran*es1 are v fav\rite *>ges1 & (t5 reflect ! be>]'s "n4 ,?us1 "o ,wood be>s a s+le oak1 ! ,p9es1 a p9eapple tree1 ! ,pyrtons1 a pe>-tree4 ,p>ts ( a tree are (t5 introduc$ into arms4 ,= example1 ! ,black/ocks be> ?ree /ocks1 or trunks1 ( trees1 :il/ ano!r family ( ! same "n *>ge _! %ield ) ?ree />v$ bran*es1 sa4 ,! ,ar*]-,h\blons mo/ appropriately be> ?ree hop-poles erect ) hop-v9es4 7,h\blon is ! ,fr5* = hop47 ,?ree broom slips are assign$ to ! ,broom family2 ! ,b]rys be> "o b>b]ry bran*2 ,sir ,w4 ,wall]1 ?ree walnut leaves4 ,among/ fruit *>ges1 we may m5tion ! ?ree gold5 pe>s borne by ! ,/ukeleys1 ! ?ree r$ *]ries :i* occur 9 ! arms ( ! ,s\?bys ( ,ab+don1 & ! ?ree clu/]s ( grapes :i* 7 be/[$ on ,sir ,edw>d de ,m>olez by ,edw>d ,i4 ,"o ,john ,palm] be>s ?ree acorns1 & ?ree a%5-keys occur 9 ! arms ( ,rob]t ,a%=d ( ,co4 ,d[n4 ,a full-gr[n oak-tree1 cov]$ ) acorns & gr[+ out ( ! gr\nd1 0 giv5 = armorial be>+s by ,*>les ,,ii4 to 8 fai?ful att5dant1 ,colonel ,c>los1 z a rem9d] ( ! p]ils t !y %>$ toge!r at ! lonely f>mh\se at ,boscobel1 :]e ! k+ took refuge aft] ! ,battle ( ,worce/]4 ,"h1 z y probably all "k1 ,*>les hid himself = tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 a leafy oak-tree1 :il/ ,cromwell's soldi]s se>*$ ! premises to f9d him1 ev5 pass+ "u ! v bran*es ( ! oak4 ,c>los1 mean:ile1 9 ! g>b ( a wood-cutt]1 kept brea?less wat* close by4 ,on ! ,c>los coat ( arms a fesse gu41 *>g$ ) ?ree imp]ial gold5 cr[ns1 trav]ses ! oak4 ,9 blazon+ trees & all t p]ta9s to !m1 ! foll[+ t]ms are us$3 ,gr[+ trees are blazon$ z issuant f a m\nt v]t2 a full-gr[n tree1 z accru$2 :5 9 leaf1 z 9 foliage2 :5 be>+ fruit1 z fruct$1 or se$s1 z se$$4 ,if leafless1 trees are blazon$ bla/$2 :5 ! roots are repres5t$1 z eradicat$2 /ocks or /umps ( trees are c\p$4 ,if bran*es or leaves are repres5t$ s+ly1 !y are slipp$4 ,holly bran*es1 = "s odd reason1 are inv>iably blazon$ ei!r z %eaves or z holly bran*es ( ?ree leaves4 ,"s ( our homely vegetables are f\nd 9 h]aldry4 ,"o ,squire ,h>dbean be>s mo/ prop]ly ?ree bean-cods or pods2 a turnip leav$ is borne by ! ,damant family1 & is suppos$ to symbolize a good :olesome1 & solid disposition1 :il/ ! ,l+5s use sev5 leeks1 root upw>ds1 issu+ f a ducal coronet1 = a cre/4 ,h]bs also occur z *>ges4 ,! family ( ,balme be>s a sprig ( balm1 :il/ rue /ill figures 9 ! ,ducal arms ( ,saxony4 ,?is commemorates ! be/[al ( ! ,duk$om on ,b]n>d ( ,ascania by ! ,emp]or ,b>b>ossa1 :o1 on t occasion1 took ! *aplet ( rue f 8 own head & flung x across ,b]n>d's %ield4 ,among/ fl[] *>ges1 our national badge1 ! rose1 is prime fav\rite1 & occurs v (t5 9 h]aldry4 ,! ,bev]leys be> a s+le rose1 s does ,"l ,falm\?4 ,! ,night+ale family also use ! rose z a s+le *>ge1 9 poetical allusion to ! ,ori5tal leg5d ( ! night+ale's ov]p[]+ love = ! d>l+ rose4 ,! ,roses ( ,lynne be> ?ree roses1 z also ! families ( ,fl[]1 ,c>y1 & ,maurice4 ,sometimes ! rose ( ,engl& is drawn f nature1 b x f> (t5] takes ! =m ( ! h]aldic or ,tudor rose4 ,funnily en\gh1 h[ev]1 :5 a /em & leaves are add$ to ! conv5tional fl[]1 ^! are drawn naturally4 ,!re are special t]ms = blazon+ roses4 ,?us1 :51 z 9 ,no4 #g ( ,fig4 #cf1 x is repres5t$ ) five small project+ sepals ( ! calyx1 & se$$1 x mu/ be blazon$ a rose b>b$ & se$$2 :5 x has a /alk & "o leaf x is slipp$1 b ) a leaf on ei!r side ( ! /alk1 x is /alk$ & leav$4 ,a rose surr\nd$ ) rays is blazon$ a rose 9 sun 7rose en soleil74 ,h]aldic roses are by no means always r$1 = ! ,ro*e=ts be> azure roses1 ! ,small%aws a s+le rose v]t1 :il/ ! ,b]5dons h ?ree roses sable4 ,! ?i/le1 be+ also our national badge1 has a special importance 9 our eyes1 b next to ! *iefe/ among fl[]s1 ! rose1 ! h]alds rank$ ! fleur-de-lys1 because x 0 ! *>ge ( a regal escut*eon1 orig9ally borne by ! ,fr5* k+s4 ,num]\s leg5ds expla9 ! introduction ( ! lily into armorial be>+s1 b we c only add "h t al?\gh ! fleur-de-lys is g5]ally us$ 9 h]aldry1 ! natural fl[] is occasionally repres5t$--z 9 ! well-kn[n arms ( ,eton ,college2 ?ree natural lilies1 silv]1 are *>g$ ^u a sable field1 "o conv5tional fleur-de-lys be+ also repres5t$4 ,among/ o!r fl[] *>ges1 ?ree v pretty coats ( arms are borne respectively by ! families ( ,jorney1 ,hall1 & ,*orley4 ,! fir/ h ?ree gillifl[]s1 ! second1 ?ree columb9es1 & ! la/1 ?ree bluebottles 7cornfl[]s74 ,?ree pansies 7 giv5 by ,l\is ,,xv4 to 8 physician1 ,dr4 ,quesnay1 z a *>ge 9 a coat ( arms1 :i* he drew ) 8 own royal h&2 & to come to mod]n times1 ,mexico has adopt$ ! cactus z ! arms ( ! ,republic1 9 allusion to ! leg5d connect$ ) ! f\nd+ ( ! city 9 #acbe1 :5 x is said t ! sight ( a royal eagle p]*$ ^u a huge cactus on a rocky crevice1 ) a s]p5t 9 its talons1 guid$ ! ,mexicans to ! *oice ( a site = ! f\ndations ( _! city4 ,"o la/ ^w z to c]eals4 ,! ,bigl& family be> two huge :eat-e>s1 :i*1 hav+ bo? /alk & leaves1 are blazon$ c\p$ & blad$4 ,z 9 ! case ( trees1 :5 repres5t$ gr[+1 :eat-e>s are describ$ z issuant out ( a m\nt1 blad$ & e>$4 ,?ree e>s ( ,gu9ea :eat1 be>d$ l b>ley1 are borne by ,dr4 ,gr&orge 7,dr4 ,big-b>ley72 ?ree rie /alks slipp$ & blad$ occur 9 ! arms ( ! ,rye family2 :il/ five g>bes 7%eaves7 7 grant$ to ,ralph ,m]rifield by ,james ,i4 ,:eat-%eaves 7g>bes7 are v fav\rite *>ges4 ,"l ,cloncurry be>s ?ree g>bes 9 *ief2 ,sir ,montague ,*olmeley be>s a g>be 9 ! base ( 8 %ield1 z does also ! ,m>quis ( ,*olmondeley4 ,g>bes & :eat-e>s 7 also mu* us$ z cre/s4 ,! ,%ak]leys h a %eaf ( corn = _! cre/1 on ! left ( :i* is a little rabbit1 erect1 & re/+ h] =efeet on ! g>be2 ,sir ,edw>d ,d5ny's cre/ is a h& hold+ five :eat-e>s2 :il/ ,sir ,george ,cr(ton has sev5 e>s ( corn z 8 cre/4 ,?\gh q out ( ord] among/ c]eals1 we may m5tion :at is1 ,i believe1 a r r>e example ( ! repres5tation ( ! f]n 9 h]aldry1 ,sir ,edw>d ,buckley's cre/--a bull's head out ( a f]n brake4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,animal ,,*>ges ,9 deal+ ) *>ges ( liv+ creatures1 we %all obs]ve ! foll[+ ord]3 7a7 ,animals ( all sort liv+ on ! e>?2 7b7 su* z live above ! e>?2 7c7 wat]y creatures2 7d7 man4 ,fir/1 among/ ! animals1 come ^? ) undivid$ feet--elephant1 horse1 ass4 ,second1 ^? ) clov5 feet--bull1 goat1 /ag1 etc4 ,?ird1 ^? bea/s t h _m claws--lions1 tig]s1 be>s1 etc4 ,to blazon animal *>ges1 _m special t]ms are requir$1 describ+ _! p]son1 limbs1 actions1 attitudes1 etc4 ,& z1 says ,guillim1 ^! bea/s are to expla9 a hi/ory1 !y mu/ be repres5t$ 9 t position :i* w be/ %[ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,moreov]1 ea* bea/ 0 to be portray$ 9 its mo/ *>act]i/ic attitude4 ,?us1 a lion %\ld be drawn erect ) wide-op5 jaws & claws ext5d$1 z if ab\t to r5d or te>4 ,9 ?is po/ure he is blazon$ rampant 7,fig4 #ch74 ,a leop>d mu/ be repres5t$ go+ /ep by /ep fitt+ 8 natural disposition2 he is !n passant4 ,a de] or lamb be+ bo? g5tle creatures1 are said to be trippant 7,fig4 #ci71 & s on2 ! h]aldic t]m v>y+1 y und]/&1 to suit ! p>ticul> animal *>ge t is be+ blazon$4 ,liv+ *>ges :5 repres5t$ on a %ield mu/ always1 ) r>e exceptions1 appe> to be ei!r look+ or mov+ t[>ds ! dext] side ( ! %ield 7see ,fig4 #ci74 ,! "r foot or claw is usually plac$ =emo/ z be+ ! mo/ hon\rable limb 7see ,fig4 #ch74 ,! elephant1 hav+ solid feet1 is m5tion$ fir/1 al?\gh ! lion is really ! only animal--if we except ! bo>'s head--:i* occurs 9 ! e>lie/ armorial be>+s4 ,! ,elph9/ones *>ge _! %ield ) an elephant passant1 :il/ ! ,prattes be> ?ree elephants' heads eras$4 ,?is t]m implies t !y h be5 torn (f & h ragg$ edges4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #d4 ,,! ,,e>l ,,( ,,sc>bor\gh4 ,arms4--,arg3 a fesse gu3 betwe5 #c p>rots v]t coll>$ ( ! second4 ,cre/4--,a pelican 9 h] piety4 ,support]s4--,two p>rots1 w+s inv]t$ v]t4 ,motto4--,murus aeneu consci5tia sana4 ,aft] describ+ ?is *>ge1 ,guillim r comically gives u ?is /ory3 ,an elephant ( huge greatness 0 once c>ri$ 9 a %[ at ,rome1 & z x pass$ by a little boy pri$ into its proboscis4 ,!reupon1 v mu* enrag$1 ! bea/ ca/ ! *ild up to a great height1 b receiv$ him aga9 on 8 sn\t & laid him g5tly d[n1 z ?\gh he did consid] t = a *ildi% fault a *ildi% fright 0 rev5ge en\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,horses1 ( c\rse1 figure l>gely 9 armorial be>+s4 ,"o1 ,william ,colt1 be>s ?ree horses at full spe$ 7,fig4 #dj74 ,s also does ,sir ,francis ,ru%--probably 9 allusion to 8 "n--:il/ horses' heads c\p$--t is1 cut (f smoo?ly--occur v frequ5tly4 ,a demi-horse 0 grant$ z a cre/ to ! ,lane family 9 recognition ( ,mi/ress ,jane ,lane's h]oism 9 rid+ f ,/af=d%ire to ! ,s\? ,coa/ on a roan horse1 ) ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii4 beh9d h]1 aft] ! disa/r\s ,battle ( ,worce/]4 ,donkeys 7 evid5tly at a disc\nt ) h]alds4 ,! families ( ,askewe & ,aysc\gh be> ?ree asses passant *>g$ on _! %ield1 & !re is an ass's head 9 ! arms ( ! ,hok5halls ( ,*e%ire4 ,ox5 occur fairly (t5 9 h]aldry4 ,! ,ox5d5s be> ?ree ox52 ?ree bulls occur 9 ! arms ( ,anne ,boleyn's fa!r1 ! ,"l ( ,hoo1 :il/ ! same arms 7 giv5 by ,que5 ,elizabe? to h] clockmak]1 ,r&al ,bull ( ,london4 ,! ,veit*s be> ?ree c[s' heads eras$1 a r uncommon *>ge1 z female bea/s 7 g5]ally deem$ unwor?y ( ! h]ald's notice4 ,! ,veales be> ?ree calves passant 7,fig4 #da71 an5t :i* ,guillim adds3 ,%\ld ^! calves live to h horns1 :i* diff] ei!r 9 metal or col\r f ! re/ ( _! body1 !re mu/ be special m5tion made ( su* diff]5ce 9 blazon+ !m4 ,h]eby1 he rem9ds u ( ! important rule = blazon+ animals ) horns & ho(s4 ,goats & goats' heads are (t5 us$ 9 h]aldry4 ,a s+le goat passant is borne by "o1 ,bak]2 ?ree goats sali5t--leap+--occur 9 ! ,?orold arms1 :il/ ! ,gotley family--orig9ally ,goatley--*>ge a magnific5t goat's head on _! %ield4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,bulls1 goats1 & rams1 :5 _! horns diff] 9 t9cture f ! re/ ( _! body1 are blazon$ arm$ ( _! horns1 ^! latt] 9 _! case be+ reg>d$ z weapons4 ,:51 h[ev]1 special m5tion is made ( a /ag's antl]s1 he is said to be attir$ ( 8 antl]s1 8 horns be+ reg>d$ z ornam5ts4 7,! bran*es ( 8 antl]s are t]m$ tynes47 ,/ags1 z y w\ld expect1 are highly e/eem$ by ! old h]alds1 :o employ$ v>i\s t]ms 9 blazon+ !m4 ,?us1 a /ag 9 repose 0 lodg$1 look+ out ( ! field1 at gaze2 9 rapid motion1 he 0 at spe$ or c\rant2 :il/1 :5 8 head 0 repres5t$ full face & %[+ only ! face1 x 0 blazon$ z caboss$ f ! ,spani% ^w = head4 7,_m ( ^! t]ms we %all f9d 9 blazon+ o!r animal *>ges47 ,e>ly h]alds make c>eful di/9ction betwe5 a h9d or calf1 brockets1 /ags & h>ts4 7,a h9d1 y "k1 is ! female1 calf is ! infant de]1 brocket ! two-ye>-old de]1 /ag ! five-ye>-old1 & h>t ! six-ye>-old de]47 ,! ,h>?ills v prop]ly be> a h>t lodg$ on a hill2 a s+le /ag1 8 back pi]c$ by an arr[1 occurs 9 ! ,b[5 arms1 & ! ,hynds be> ?ree h9ds4 ,?ree bucks 9 full c\rse are borne by ! ,swifts4 ,de]'s heads are v common *>ges1 g5]ally occurr+ 9 ?rees4 ,9 ! coat ( arms ( ! ,duke ( ,wurtemb]g & ,teck1 we f9d ?ree antl]s *>g$ horizontally across ! %ield4 ,a re9de] is drawn 9 h]aldry ) d\ble antl]s1 "o pair erect & "o droop+4 ,! bo> 0 deem$ a specially suitable badge = a soldi]1 :o %\ld r die valor\sly ^u ! field ?an secure himself by ignom9i\s flight4 ,bo? ! ,treg>!ns & ,kellets be> a s+le bo>1 :il/ a bo>'s head1 ei!r s+ly or 9 ?rees1 occurs v con/antly 9 coats ( arms4 ,a bo> is blazon$ arm$ ( 8 tusk or arm$ & langu$1 :5 8 tongue is %[n ( a diff]5t t9cture4 ,moreov]1 z ,mr4 ,fox-,davies rem9ds u 9 8 int]e/+ ,guide to ,h]aldry1 an ,engli% bo>'s head is describ$ z c\p$ or eras$ at ! neck1 b ! ,scot* h]ald w\ld blazon ! same *>ge z c\p$ & eras$ close4 ,! ,e>l ( ,v]e takes a bo> = 8 cre/1 9 allusion to 8 "n1 v]re be+ ! ,lat9 = bo>4 ,! ,grice family be> a wild bo>1 =m]ly call$ a grice4 ,! ,w9ram family be> a s+le ram1 ! ,ramsays ( ,hit*am be> ?ree rams on _! %ield4 ,a v pretty coat ( arms belongs to ! ,r[es ( ,lam]ton 9 ,devon1 gu3 ?ree holy lambs ) /aff1 cross & bann] arg34 ,=emo/ among/ ! bea/s t h _m claws is ! lion2 next to him come ! tig]1 leop>d1 be>1 wolf1 rank+ m or less z ! ari/ocrats among/ _! k9d1 :il/ ! cat1 fox1 h>e1 etc41 are plac$ f> b5ea? !m4 ,( all ! animal *>ges1 none is m popul> among/ ! h]alds ( all times & l&s ?an ! lion4 ,extraord9>y c>e 0 tak5 to blazon ! k+ ( bea/s befitt+ly4 ,fig4 #ch has already %[n y a lion rampant1 & s indisp5sable 0 ?is attitude consid]$ by ! e>ly h]alds to ! prop] repres5tation ( a lion1 t if !y 7 oblig$ to depict a lion passant--t is1 "o t look$ ab\t him z he walk$--he 0 !n blazon$ z a leop>d4 ,t is :y ! bea/s 9 our national arms1 al?\gh !y are really lions & meant = su*1 are n call$ s1 because _! undignifi$ attitude r$uces !m to ! rank ( h]aldic leop>ds6 ,a lion rampant--& o!r bea/s ( prey z well--is g5]ally repres5t$ ) tongue & claws ( a diff]5t t9cture f ! re/ ( 8 p]son2 he is !n blazon$ langu$ & ungul$1 ! latt] t]m be+ d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 = a claw4 ,a lion 9 repose is blazon$ c\*ant :5 ly+ d[n ) head erect & =epaws ext5d$2 he is sejant--sitt+2 seat$ ) =epaws erect1 he is sejant rampant2 /&+ on all f\rs1 he is /atant--/&+2 /&+ 9 act to spr+1 he is sali5t--leap+2 :5 8 tail is =k$ & rais$ above 8 back1 he is said to h a queue f\r*e--lit]ally a =k$ tail4 7,?is la/ attitude is n (t5 se547 ,b :5 he is repres5t$ runn+ across ! field & look+ back1 !n ! h]alds label ! k+ ( bea/s c[>d6 ,a s+le lion is a v frequ5t *>ge1 b two lions are r>]4 ,! ,hanm]s ( ,fl9t%ire1 desc5d$ f ,sir ,john ,hanm] 9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ,i41 h two lions1 & we f9d two lions rampant combatant--t is1 claw+ ea* o!r--langu$ arm$ 9 ! ,wycombe coat ( arms2 :il/ "o1 ,g>rad ( ,london1 be>s two lions c\nt]-rampant--i4e41 back to back1 & v droll !y look4 ,demi-lions rampant also occur 9 armorial be>+s4 ,! diff]5t p>ts ( a lion are mu* us$2 ! head1 ei!r eras$ or c\p$1 ! face caboss$1 ! paws1 borne ei!r s+ly or 9 twos & ?rees1 & la/ly1 we f9d ! tail repres5t$ 9 v>i\s po/ures4 ,! ,corkes be> ?ree lions' tails4 ,! tig] foll[s ! lion & has t]ms ( blazon peculi> to himself4 ,?us1 ! s+le tig] borne by ,sir ,rob]t ,love is depict$ z tusk$1 man$ & flask$4 ,9 ! arms ( ! ,de ,b>dis family1 a tigress is repres5t$ gaz+ into a mirror1 :i* lies beside h] on ! gr\nd4 ,?is odd *>ge alludes to ! fable t a tigress1 robb$ ( h] :elps1 may be appeas$ by see+ h] own reflection 9 a glass4 ,a tig]'s head is us$ b seldom z a sep>ate *>ge4 ,app>5tly ! be> /ood high] 9 fav\r ) ! old h]alds4 ,! family ( ,fitzurse *>ge _! %ield ) a s+le be> passant1 ! ,b>n>ds h a be> rampant & muzzl$1 :il/ ! ,b]es=ds' be> is bo? muzzl$ & coll>$4 ,! ,b]wycks be> a be>'s head1 eras$ & muzzl$1 & ?ree be>s' heads appe> 9 ! arms ( ! ,langham1 ,brock1 & ,p5n>? families4 ,a wolf is borne by ,sir ,edw>d ,l[e ( ,wilts1 ,sir ,daniel ,dun1 & by ! ,woods ( ,isl+ton4 ,a wolf's head appe>s v e>ly 9 armorial be>+s2 ,hugh1 surnam$ ,lupus1 ,e>l ( ,*e/] & nephew ( ,william ,i41 us$ a wolf's head z 8 badge4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,animal ,,*>ges 7cont9u$7 ,aft] rav5\s fi]ce bea/es1 we come to dogs1 foxes1 cats1 squirrels1 etc4 ,sport+ dogs are v fav\rite *>ges1 & are frequ5tly t]m$ talbots 9 h]aldry4#a ,footnote #a3 ,"s writ]s consid] t ! t]m talbot 0 re/rict$ to a ma/iff1 b sport+ dogs--foxh\nds1 h>ri]s1 beagles1 etc4--7 c]ta9ly occasionally blazon$ z talbots4 7,a ma/iff ) %ort e>s 0 t]m$ an alant47 ,! ,c>ricks & ,burgoynes be> "o talbot on _! %ield1 :il/ ! ,talbot family h ?ree talbots passant4 ,! ,e>l ( ,p]? has a sleu?h\nd1 coll>$ & lea%$ = 8 cre/2 t ( ! ,biscoe family is a greyh\nd seiz+ a h>e4 ,a dog *as+ ano!r animal mu/ be blazon$ ei!r 9 full c\rse or 9 full *ase4 ,a foxh\nd nos+ ! gr\nd is describ$ z a h\nd on sc5t4 ,! fox r>ely figures 9 h]aldry4 ,"o ,kadrod-,h>d ( ,wales bore two reyn>ds c\nt] sali5t1 & ! ,wylies d be> t wylie bea/1 ! fox2 :il/ ?ree foxes' heads eras$ are borne respectively by ! ,foxes ( ,middlesex & "o ,/eph5 ,fox1 ( ,wilts4 ,a fox's face is blazon$ a mask4 ,cats occur fairly (t5 9 h]aldry4 ,rog] ,adams & ,john ,hills1 bo? ( ! ,city ( ,london1 we are told1 be> cats2 ,sir ,jona?an ,keats *>ges ?ree cats-a-m\nta9--wild cats--^u 8 %ield1 z also d ! ,s*ives ( ,scotl&2 ! ,dawson-,dam]'s cre/ is a tabby cat ) a rat 9 h] m\?4 ,%e w\ld be blazon$ z prey+4 ,! dog1 fox1 & cat h ea* _! typical mean+ 9 h]aldry4 ,! dog symbolizes c\rage1 fidelity1 affection1 & sagacity2 ! fox1 great wit & cunn+2 ! cat1 boldness1 d>+1 & extraord9>y =esight1 s t :atev] happ5s %e always falls on h] feet4 ,%e 0 =m]ly ! emblem ( lib]ty1 & 0 borne on ! bann]s ( ! anci5t ,alans & ,burgundians to %[ t !y brook$ no s]vitude4 ,! squirrel is r a fav\rite *>ge1 notably 9 ! arms ( l&$ g5try--su* z ! ,holts1 ,woods1 ,w>r5s--because ! little nut-crack] is typical ( p>ks & woodl& prop]ty4 ,x occurs ei!r s+ly or 9 pairs or trios4 ,x is always repres5t$ sejant1 & usually crack+ nuts1 z se5 9 ! arms ( ! ,nu?all family4 ,a h$gehog usually figures 9 ! arms ( ! ,h>ris1 ,h>rison1 ,h]ries1 & ,h]rison families1 & is und\bt$ly borne 9 allusion to _! surname1 hrisson be+ ! ,fr5* = h$gehog4 ,"l ,malmesbury--family "n ,h>ris--be>s a h$gehog 9 8 coat ( arms4 ,x is g5]ally blazon$ z an ur*eon 9 h]aldry4 ,! h>e occurs b r>ely 9 ,engli% arms2 ! ,clel&s be> "o z a s+le *>ge1 & ! ,trussleys *>ge _! %ield ) ?ree little h>es play+ bagpipes1 probably 9 allusion to ! h>e's traditional love ( music4 ,! rabbit--kn[n to h]alds z a coney--is (t5] met ) 9 armorial be>+s2 ! ,/rodes ( ,devon be> ?ree conies c\*ant2 ! ,conesbies1 ?ree conies sejant2 ! ,cunliffes1 ?ree conies c\rant4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #e4 ,,b>on ,,hawke4 ,arms4--,a *evron erm9ois betwe5 ?ree pilgrim's /aves purpure4 ,cre/4--,a hawk1 w+s display$ & inv]t$ ppr4 bell$ & *>g$ on ! brea/ ) a fleur de lys or4 ,support]s4--,dext]1 ,neptune1 ,s9i/]1 a ,sea-horse4 ,motto4--,/rike4 ,?ree moles are borne by ,sir ,john ,twi/l$on1 ( ,d>t=d1 ,k5t--a mole 0 sometimes blazon$ moldiw>p--:il/ ! ,rattons v aptly be> a rat4 ,we _c say mu* ( ! toads1#b tortoises1 s]p5ts1 gras%opp]s1 spid]s1 & snails :i* occur 9 h]aldry4 ,footnote #b3 ,! leg5d :i* connects toads ) ! fleur-de-lys 9 ! arms ( ,france is too well kn[n to ne$ repetition "h4 ,! ,g&ys ( ,suffolk be> a s+le tortoise passant1 & a tortoise erect$ occurs on ! ,coop]s' coat ( arms4 ,s]p5ts are blazon$ 9 t]ms peculi> to !mselves4 ,?us1 a s]p5t coil$1 is said to be n[$--knott$--f ! ,fr5* noeud1 a knot2 :5 upright on its tail1 x is erect2 glid+1 x is glissant also f ! ,fr5*2 :5 bit+ its tail1 x is blazon$ emb[$4 ,! ,falcon]s be> a s]p5t emb[$2 "o ,natt]ley has an add] n[$--natt] is ! ,g]man = add]--& ,sir ,?omas ,c\* ( ,london *>ges an add] curl+ & erect ^u 8 %ield4 ,to ! ,greek1 ! gras%opp] signifi$ nobility2 h5ce among/ ! ,a!nians a gold5 gras%opp] worn 9 ! hair 0 ! badge ( high l9eage4 ,9 lat] days ! h]alds consid]$ ! gras%opp] a type ( patriotism1 because 9 :atev] soil a gras%opp] is br$1 9 t w he live & die4 ,spid]s 7 n only held symbolical ( indu/ry1 b !y 7 highly e/eem$ = _! suppos$ prop]ties ( heal+4#c ,footnote #c3 ,z reg>ds ! spid]'s curative p[]s1 ,mr4 ,?i/leton ,dy]1 9 8 ,folklore ( ,%akespe>e1 tells u t only a few ye>s ago a lady 9 ,irel& 0 fam\s = cur+ ague ) a l>ge h\se-spid] swall[$ alive1 ?ickly coat$ ) treacle4 ,"o family ( ,%elleys be>s ?ree h\se-snails s t]m$ 9 h]aldry to imply t !y c>ry _! %ells4 ,a type ( delib]ation 9 bus9ess matt]s & p]sev]ance is suppos$ to be furni%$ by ! common snail4 ,! creatures t live above ! e>?--i4e41 hav+ w+s--come next4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,v>i\s h]aldic t]ms are 9 use = blazon+ bird *>ges--viz43 ,a bird fly+ is volant 7,fig4 #db72 prep>+ to fly1 is ris+ 7,fig4 #dd72 :5 its w+s are spread op51 !y are display$2 :5 fold$1 !y are close 7see ,fig4 #dc74 ,birds ( prey & b>n-door cocks are arm$4 ,?us1 ! eagle is blazon$ z arm$ ( 8 beak & talons2 ! cock z arm$ ( 8 beak & spurs2 he is also blazon$ z comb$ & jellopp$--t is1 ) 8 cre/ & wattles4 ,an eagle or any o!r bird ( prey dev\r+ its prey is describ$ z prey+4 ,9 blazon+ a v old eagle1 ! ,fr5* h]alds use a special t]m1 pam2#d our ,engli% equival5t w\ld be exhau/$1 !reby allud+ to ! popul> notion t ) advanc+ age an eagle's beak becomes s hook$ t x is unable to take any n\ri%m5t1 & s dies ( inanition4 ,birds t h web feet & no talons are usually blazon$ membr$4 ,a swan ) h] w+s rais$ is said to be expans$2 a peacock ) 8 tail display$ is said to be 9 8 pride 7,fig4 #de72 ) fold$ tail he is a peacock close4 ,a pelican fe$+ h] "y is a pelican 9 h] piety 7see ,plate ,,iii472 :5 w\nd+ h] brea/1 %e is said to be vuln+4 ,! crane is ano!r bird :i* enjoys a blazon+ t]m :i* is all its own--namely1 a crane 9 its vigilance4 ,x is s describ$ :51 z 9 ! ,cran/\n arms1 x is repres5t$ hold+ a /one 9 its foot4 ,?is *>ge ref]s to ! old my?1 t a crane on duty z a s5t9el always holds a /one 9 its foot1 s t 9 ! ev5t ( its dropp+ asleep ! s\nd ( ! fall+ /one may act z an al>um4 ,footnote #d3 ,! ^w pam %\ld be re/rict$ to an expir+ fi%4 ,falcons are blazon$ arm$1 jess$ & bell$4 ,a falcon is usually call$ go%awk 9 h]aldry4 ,swans1 geese1 ducks1 & o!r web-foot$ birds occur r>ely 9 h]aldry4 ,! ,moore family be> "o swan1 ! ,melli%es two1 & ?ree swans' necks are *>g$ ^u ! ,lacys' %ield4 ,"o1 ,john ,lang=d1 be>s a s+le wild goose4 ,?ree wild duck volant appe> 9 ! arms ( ! ,woolri* family4 ,?ree drakes--a v fav\rite *>ge--are borne by ! ,yeos4 ,! ,/>keys be> "o /ork1 ! ,gibsons ?ree4 ,?ree h]ons occur 9 ! arms ( ,h]on1 "o k+fi%] 9 ^? ( "o1 ,*ri/oph] ,fi%] 7,fig4 #dc74 ,visc\nt ,cull51 ^: family "n is ,cockayne1 be>s ?ree cocks2 ?ree capons are borne by ! ,caponhur/s2 :il/1 drolly en\gh1 ?ree cocks are borne by ! ,cr[ family4 ,! ,alcocks be> ?ree cocks' heads4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,eagles are ( su* wide & con/ant occurr5ce 9 h]aldry t we _c attempt to d ju/ice to !m "h4 ,a s+le eagle is borne by ! ,e>ls ( ,dalh\sie & ,s\!sk1 & by sev5 families ( ,b$+field4 ,a d\ble-head$ eagle 0 r a fav\rite *>ge1 & coats ( arms display+ z _m z six eagles are v commonly met )4 ,b an eagle blazon$ close is a r>e *>ge4#e ,p>ts ( an eagle1 su* z head1 w+s1 talons1 & legs (t5 appe> 9 armorial be>+s z sep>ate *>ges4 ,o/ri* fea!rs1 by ! way1 are also introduc$ into h]aldry1 b ! o/ri* itself is ( v seldom occurr5ce4#f ,its introduction into h]aldry1 dates f ! "t ( ! ,crusad]s1 :5 ,europeans fir/ saw ! bird4 ,an o/ri* is usually repres5t$ ) a horse%oe 9 its m\?1 because x 0 a popul> idea t an o/ri* c\ld dige/ iron4#g ,9 ,sir ,titus ,salt's arms we f9d a demi-o/ri* hold+ a horse%oe 9 its beak4 ,"l ,*ur/on's %ield is support$ on ! "r by an o/ri* ) a horse%oe 9 its beak1 z is ,"l ,c>ys=t's1 b 8 o/ri* is repres5t$ ) a key 9 its beak4 ,footnote #e3 ,! eagle 0 sometimes call$ al]ion by ! e>ly h]alds & :5 blazon$ z su* 0 usually repres5t$ ) nei!r legs nor beak4 ,footnote #f3 ,"o ,j]vis1 ! pr9cipal f\nd] ( ,exbridge1 9 ,devon1 bore six o/ri* fea!rs1 & 9 ! h]aldry ( to-day !y are occasionally met ) z *>ges4 ,! ,fe!r/ons be> ?ree o/ri* fea!rs on _! %ield1 & ! ,e>l ( ,devon has sev5 o/ri* fea!rs 9 8 cre/4 ,we are all famili> ) ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales's plumes1 b to g f>!r back into hi/ory1 we f9d t a plume ( o/ri* fea!rs 0 (t5 us$ by ,k+ ,/eph5 z 8 badge1 ) ! motto ( 8 own mak+3 ,vi nulla inv]titur ordo--,no =ce alt]s _! fa%ion--9 allusion to ! fold fall ( ! fea!r1 :i* 0 nei!r %ak5 nor disord]$ by ! w9d1 & !re=e symboliz$ ! condition ( well-ord]$ k+s & k+doms4 ,9 bygone times1 we are told1 "s d\bt$ :e!r an o/ri* %\ld be reckon$ z a bea/ or a f[l6 ,footnote #g3 ,i'll make !e eat iron l an o/ri*4 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,?ree hawks are borne by ! ,hawkswor?s2 ! ,corbets be> a rav5 z a s+le *>ge1 :il/ ,dr4 ,rav51 ,que5 ,anne's physician1 be>s a rav5 ris+ 7,fig4 #dd74 ,! swall[1 :i* is ! h]aldic m>tlet 7see ,no4 #d1 ,fig4 #cf71 occurs repeat$ly z a *>ge 9 coats ( arms1 v (t5 9 ?rees2 six is also a fav\rite numb]4 ,! ,w>des & ,temples be> five2 ! ,*adwicks & ,br[nl[s *>ge ! orle ( _! %ield ) eight m>tlets4 ,! ,pawne family be> ?ree peacocks 9 _! pride 7see ,fig4 #de71 & ?is same *>ge occurs 9 ! arms ( ! ,peacocks ( ,durham4 ,a phoenix is borne by ! ,f5wicks4 ,! dove occurs occasionally 9 h]aldry4 ,a dove ) an olive bran* 9 its beak 0 add$ z an augm5tation ( hon\r to 8 pat]nal arms by "o ,walk]1 :5 he m>ri$ ! only *ild ( ,sir ,david ,gam4 ,?is *>ge 0 grant$ to ,sir ,david aft] ! ,battle ( ,ag9c\rt1 :]e he took ! ,duc de ,nev]s prison]4 ,x 0 ?is same ,sir ,david :o1 on be+ s5t by ! k+ to view ! ,fr5* ,army be=e ! battle1 br\ght ^w to 8 royal ma/] t !re 7 m5 en\gh to kill1 en\gh to run away1 & en\gh to make prison]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4 ,besides ! birds already m5tion$1 ! p>rot1 turkey1 owl1 *\gh1 pheasant1 woodcock1 & sev]al o!rs occur 9 h]aldry4 ,among/ w+$ insects1 we f9d ! bee 9 ! arms ( ! ,bye family1 :il/ ! ,r[es ( ,*e%ire be> a beehive1 surr\nd$ by buzz+ bees4#h ,! bee 0 consid]$ an hon\rable *>ge1 symboliz+ loyalty to ! *ief1 ?rift & indu/ry4#i ,footnote #h3 ,"l ,lansd[ne uses a beehive beset ) bees z "o ( 8 cre/s4 ,footnote #i3 ,9 blazon+ ! bee1 ,guillim _c resi/ rem9d+ 8 read] ( ! old saw3 ,! calf1 ! goose1 & ! bee1 ,! _w is rul$ by ^! ?ree4 ,! ,burn+hills be> ?ree gadbees--horseflies--& ! ,papillons1 v prop]ly1 h ?ree butt]flies *>g$ on _! %ield 7,fig4 #df74 ,9 conclud+ ?is *apt] let u expla9 ! t]m augm5tation us$ above4 ,by augm5tation is meant any addition grant$ = "s special reason1 to a coat ( arms4 ,?us to "o1 ,william ,compton1 :o 0 ab\t ,h5ry ,,viii4 & 9 great fav\r ) him1 ! ,k+ actually grant$ p]mission to add a lion passant gu>dant1 tak5 out ( 8 own royal device1 to 8 pat]nal arms1 z an hon\rable augm5tation4 ,9 rememb]ance :]e(1 says ,sir ,william ,dugdale1 ! said ,compton at 8 dea? bequea!d to ! k+ a little *e/ ( ivory1 :]e( ! lock 0 gilt1 ) a *essbo>d "u1 & a pair ( tables ^u x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 ,! arms ( ,sir ,atwel-,k+ ,lake %[ a curi\s augm5tation--viz41 a dext] arm emb[$--b5t--issu+ f ! s9i/] side ( ! %ield1 hold+ 9 ! h& a sword erect1 !reto affix$ a bann]1 be>+ a cross betwe5 sixte5 escut*eons1 etc4 ,^! sixte5 escut*eons 7 giv5 to ! orig9al be>] ( ^! arms1 ,dr4 ,edw>d ,lake1 a devot$ adh]5t ( ,*>les ,i41 to commemorate ! sixte5 w\nds t ,lake receiv$ at ! ,battle ( ,naseby4 ,"l ,nelson 0 grant$ a v pictorial augm5tation ( hon\r4 ,waves or ! sea1 f :i* a palm-tree issues betwe5 a disabl$ %ip on ! dext] & a batt]y 9 ru9s on ! s9i/]4 ,nelson _h also a cre/ ( an hon\rable augm5tation1 :i* he bore 9 addition to t ( 8 family4 ,a naval cr[n ) ! *el5gk1 or plume ( triumph1 pres5t$ to him by ! ,gr& ,sultan1 ,selim ,,iii4 ,! augm5tation ( hon\r grant$ to ! great ,duke ( ,well+ton took ! %ape ( ! ,union ,jack *>g$ ^u an inescut*eon1 :i* 0 sup]impos$ ^u 8 own %ield4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,animal ,,*>ges 7cont9u$7 ,fi% occur r>ely 9 h]aldry1 = al?\gh !y 7 consid]$ typical ( unfail+ indu/ry & vigilance1 always swimm+ aga9/ ! /ream & nev] fall+ asleep1 yet !y 7 held 9 f> less e/eem by ! h]alds ( old ?an ei!r ! e>?y or airy creatures4 ,fi% h1 ( c\rse1 _! own h]aldic t]ms = blazon+--viz43 ,a fi% *>g$ horizontally ^u ! field1 is naiant--swimm+ 7,fig4 #dg72 p]p5dicul>ly ) its head upw>ds1 x is hauriant 7,fig4 #dh7--lit]ally1 tak+ a draught2 :5 plac$ v]tically ) its head d[nw>ds1 x is uriant--div+2 ) undimm$ eyes1 x is allum--alight2 :5 gasp+ ) wide-op5 m\?1 x is pam--exhau/$4 ,a fi% is also blazon$ z f9n$ ( its f9s1 & :5 7z is always ! case ) ! dolph97 its tail curves t[>ds ! head1 x is emb[$4 ,if ! fi% is fe$+1 x mu/ be describ$ z vorant--dev\r+--because wat]y creatures always swall[ _! prey :ole4 ,:5 two or ?ree fi% ( ! same k9d are repres5t$ on a field swimm+ 9 opposite directions1 !y are blazon$ z contra-naiant--swimm+ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 ,mr4 ,fox-,davies quotes an example ( ?is *>ge 9 ! arms ( ,peebles1 :]e "o salmon is depict$ swimm+ t[>ds ! dext] side ( ! %ield1 :il/ two are swimm+ t[>ds ! s9i/]4 ,?is *>ge alludes evid5tly to ! popul> idea t = ea* salmon t asc5ds ! riv] to spawn1 two salmon return to ! sea4 ,:5 an eel is borne on a %ield1 x is always repres5t$ 9 a wavy =m & is usually blazon$ ondoyant--lit]ally1 wavy4 ,fi% *>ges almo/ always come "u ! head ( cant+ h]aldry1#a s t !y mo/ly repeat ! "n ( _! be>]1 or1 at any rate1 c>ry a v direct allusion to x4 ,?is is ! case ) ! families ( ,dolph91 ,godolph91 ,salmon1 ,sole 7,fig4 #dh71 ,h]r+1 ,h]r+ham1 ,bream1 ,roa*1 ,sprat1 ,ellis 7:o be> ?ree eels7 & ,tr\tbeck 7:o h ?ree tr\ts74 ,^! latt] are blazon$ frett$ 9 a triangle1 tte--queue--lit]ally1 nett$ head to tail1 :il/ we are rem9d$ t ! old "n = pike 0 luce1 :5 we see pikes borne by ! ,lucy family4 ,crabbe ( ,robslaw be>s "o crab2 ! ,prawnes1 z y w\ld expect1 be> prawns2 & ! ,treg>!ns ( ,cornwall h lob/] claws saltire-wise1 gules1 t la/ ^w imply+ t ! luckless own] ( ^? claws _h be5 cle>ly boil$ 7,fig4 #di76 ,footnote #a3 ,cant+ h]aldry is d]iv$ f ! ,fr5* armes *antantes or armes p>lantes1 mean+1 lit]ally1 arms t speak4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,! escallop %ell1 be+ pre-em95tly ! pilgrim badge1 0 giv5 a v hon\rable place 9 h]aldry1 & occurs 9 ! arms ( _m ( our highe/ nobility1 notably 9 ^? ( ! ,dukes ( ,b$=d1 ,m>lbor\gh & ,montrose4 ,"o bran* ( ! ,%elley family be>s ?ree escallop %ells 7,fig4 #ej71 & a lion betwe5 escallop %ells is a common *>ge4 ,"o ,william ,m(fat be>s a lion betwe5 eight escallop %ells4#b ,footnote #b3 ,escallop %ells are repres5t$ 9 su* inf9itely v>i$ devices & 9 s _m coats ( arms t "s lov]s ( h]aldry make ?is *>ge a special /udy4 ,a fi% ) a r+ 9 its m\? occurs fairly (t5 9 h]aldry1 & owes its orig9 probably to ! _m old leg5ds associat+ fi% ) co9s1 r+s1 gems1 etc4 ,! arms ( ! ,bi%opric ( ,glasg[1 :]e a salmon & a r+ are depict$1 are said to allude to ! fable ( ! di/ract$ bride1 :o1 hav+ dropp$ h] w$d+ r+ into ! ,riv] ,clyde1 bes\ght ,/4 ,k5tig]n1 ,bi%op ( ,glasg[1 to help h] to recov] x4 ,9 answ] to ! ,prelate's pray]s1 a salmon 0 tak5 9 due "t1 ) ! lady's r+ betwe5 8 jaws4 ,& n[ at la/ we h rea*$ ^? *>ges connect$ ) t mo/ noble creature1 man1 :o1 z we are told1 is borne 9 h]aldic a*ievem5ts bo? limbwise & entire4 ,& z a man %\ld be repres5t$ 9 8 greate/ dignity1 a k+ %\ld be depict$ on 8 ?rone1 a bi%op 9 8 robes1 a soldi] 9 milit>y habit1 & s on4 ,9 ! royal arms ( ,seville1 we f9d a cr[n$ & scept]$ k+ on 8 seat royal1 we>+ 8 erm9e cape1 b z a matt] ( fact1 ! :ole human figure occurs v r>ely z a *>ge 9 a coat ( arms4 ,a wild man ( ! woods1 ) a g>l& r\nd 8 head & wai/ & a club on 8 %\ld]1 /&+ betwe5 two =e/ trees1 is *>g$ on ! %ield ( ! ,mayo family1 & ,basil ,wood be>s ?ree demi-savages1 ea* ) a club4 ,human heads & limbs are m frequ5tly us$4 ,sir ,ri*>d ,griffi? bore ?ree ,engli%m5's heads 9 pr(ile1 c\p$ at ! head & be>d$2 ! ,tann]s ( ,cornwall be> ?ree ,moors' heads c\p$4 ,?ree infants' heads are *>g$ on ! ,fauntl]oy %ield c\p$ arg3 cr9$ or1 cr9$ be+ ! h]aldic ^w = blazon+ hair4 ,! ,vaughans h a v odd coat ( arms--viz41 ?ree *ildr5's heads c\p$1 ea* enwrapp$ ab\t ! neck ) a s]p5t4 7,gha/ly z t arrangem5t s\nds1 ! *ildr5 look out at y ) rem>kably gleeful c\nt5ances67 ,"o ,black be>s ?ree m5's heads ) black hair1 & ! ,de la ,haye family has ! r>e *>ge ( ?ree eyes4 ,! human he>t is mu* us$ 9 h]aldry4 ,h5ry de ,w+ham be>s a w+$ he>t1 & ! %ield ( ! ,he>t family is *>g$ ) ?ree he>ts4 ,! ,cornhills be> a left h& & arm1 :il/ an arm grasp+ ! /ump ( an uproot$ tree is appropriately borne by ,arm/rong4 ,v lit]al arms are borne by ! ,tremaynes--viz41 ?ree "r arms ) cl5*$ fi/s1 =m+ a triangle4 ,a dext] h& is a fairly common *>ge4 ,two arms seiz+ ! head1 or pole1 ( a h>t are borne by ! ,cat*poles1 & ?ree h&s occur 9 ! armorial be>+s ( ! ,mayn>ds ( ,m$/one & ^? ( ,wickl[1 z also 9 ! coat ( arms ( ! ,maynes ( ,bucks4 ,! ,qu>t]maynes be> f\r "r h&s 7,fig4 #ea74 ,among/ o!r families1 ! ,hadd5s & ,%rigleys be> a human leg4 ,9 conclusion1 we mu/ m5tion :at ,guillim calls amphibi\s & exorbitant creatures1 :i* figure z *>ges 9 h]aldry4 ,"u ! amphibi\s *>ges we h ! beav]1 seal1 ott]1 & o!rs4 ,) ! beav] we are fairly famili>1 z n[adays x occurs s frequ5tly 9 ! armorial be>+s ( p]sons connect$ 9 any way ) ,canada4 ,x is well repres5t$ 9 ! arms ( ,"l ,/ra?cona4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 ,! ott] is borne by ! ,setons ( ,m\nie1 & also occurs z a support] 9 ! arms ( ,"l ,balf\r ( ,burleigh4 ,z to :at ,guillim calls exorbitant creatures1 or1 s to speak1 mon/]s1 we may m5tion ! wyv]n1 a species ( dragon2 ! griff91 suppos$ to h ! body & claws ( a lion1 ) ! hook$ beak1 pi]c+ eyes1 & w+s ( an eagle2 ! dragon2 ! unicorn1 ^: appe>ance is too well kn[n to ne$ description2 ! cockatrice2 ! m]maid2 ! sea-dog1 or m>9e wolf2 &1 la/ly1 ! h>py4 ,?ree wyv]ns are borne by ! ,drake family1 & two fi5di%-look+ wyv]ns act z support]s to ! %ield ( ,"l ,clif=d ( ,*udleigh4 ,! r$ dragon is1 ( c\rse1 ! badge ( ,wales2 & ?ree dragons' heads are borne by ! ,/anleys4 ,! h]aldic dragon is always repres5t$ z a w+$ mon/] ) f\r legs4 ,) ! unicorn1 ! s9i/] support] ( our ,royal ,arms1 e *ild is well acqua9t$4 ,x repres5ts ,scotl&1 ! royal %ield ( t c\ntry be+ support$ by two unicorns4 ,( all ! my?ical creatures1 x is p]haps ! fav\rite 9 our h]aldry4 ,n only does x occur repeat$ly z a support]1 notably 9 ! armorial be>+s ( ,"l ,*etwynd1 ,"l ,col*e/]1 & ,"l ,mann]s1 :o ea* h two unicorns1 b we f9d x con/antly repres5t$ on coats ( arms4 ,accord+ to "s old writ]s1 x 0 deem$ a v hon\rable *>ge1 because1 no "o ev] hav+ succe$$ 9 captur+ ?is fabul\s creature1 ei!r dead or alive1 !y acc\nt = ?is /ubborn fact 9 ! foll[+ cunn+ fa%ion3 ,! unicorn ha? too mu* greatness ( m9d to suff] himself to be tak5 alive1 *oos+ r to die ?an to be tak5 captive4 ,!re=e1 a unicorn 0 consid]$ a v suitable *>ge = a w>rior1 :o %\ld1 ( c\rse1 %>e t creature's greatness ( m9d4 ,! ,f>r+ton family be> ?ree unicorns2 & ! unicorn's head is n uncommon 9 coats ( arms4 ,! ,go/on family be> "o z a s+le *>ge2 "o ,an?ony ,smi?1 be>s two2 :il/ ?ree are borne by a family ( ,%elley4 ,! griff9 is v common 9 h]aldry1 ei!r z a cre/ or a support]4 ,"l ,*ur*ill ( ,wy*wood has a griff9 = 8 cre/ & "o = 8 dext] support]4 ,! cockatrice1 a little k+ among/ s]p5ts1 is borne by ! ,bogan family1 :il/ "o ,ellis be>s a m]maid1 cr9$ or1 ) a mirror 9 "o h& & a comb 9 ! o!r 7a v]itable ,loreley674 ,?ree sea-dogs1 or m>9e wolves1 are borne by "o ,john ,f5n]4 ,&1 la/ly1 we f9d 9 ,guillim's "w ! pres5tm5t ( a h>py z a *>ge on a coat ( arms--a mon/] ) a woman's head1 hair1 & face1 & ! body1 legs1 & w+s ( a vulture1 h] w+s display$ & hair flottant4 ,z to ! "n ( ! be>] ( ?is hide\s *>ge1 ! old h]ald is discreetly sil5t4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,inanimate ,,objects ,,z ,,*>ges ,"u ?is head+ s _m & su* v>i\s objects are includ$ t we _c attempt to m5tion "o half ( ! items 9 ?is miscellane\s collection4 ,fir/ come cr[ns1 mitres1 crozi]s 7a crozi] is borne by an ,iri% family ( t "n71 swords1 maces1 etc41 all ( :i* repres5t e/ate & dignity4 ,!n come books1 billets1 p5s 7"o ,c[p5 be>s ?ree p5s71 s+le lett]s ( ! alphabet1 notably ,y & ,t 7?ree ,t's are borne by ! ,t(te family71 musical in/rum5ts--i4e41 viol91 organ-pipes1 h>p1 etc4 7! h>p appe>s 9 ! arms ( "o ,h>pham74 ,musical in/rum5ts signifi$ t _! be>]s 7 m5 ( a well-compos$ & temp]$ judgm5t2 :il/ ! ,book symboliz$ prim>ily ! ,^w ( ,life2 ! p51 ! wisdom ( ! le>n$2 & ! s+le lett]s /ood = ! ?\ghts ( abs5t or sil5t s*ol>s4 ,9 ! ,conroy arms1 ! field is *>g$ ) an anci5t book1 op51 index$1 edg$ or4 ,?is *>ge repres5ts ! hon\rable & h]$it>y (fice ( ,leana*ie b>d & h]ald to ! ,o',connors1 ,k+s ( ,connaught4 ,! motto "u ! coat ( arms signifies t hi/ory once writt5 9 ?is book _c be de/roy$ by "t4 ,x 0 ! privilege ( ! anci5t b>d ( ! tribe to /& alone ) ! new-made ,k+ ^u ! sacr$ m\nt ( ,c>n ,fraoi* & !re to deliv] into 8 h&s ! :ite w& or sceptre ( royalty4 ,me*anical objects foll[ next--pl\ghs1 h>r[s 7! ,h>r[s be> ?ree h>r[s71 scy!s1 spades1 c>t:eels 7! latt] occur 9 ! arms ( ,c>t] & ,c>twright74 ,^! are all typical ( husb&ry1 & sugge/ agricultural indu/ry on ! "p ( ! orig9al be>]s4 ,*auc]'s son-9-law1 ,sir ,payne ,roet--d]iv$ d\btless1 f ! ,fr5* r\et1 a :eel--bore ?ree :eels on 8 %ield1 & 9 blazon+ ?is coat ( arms 7,fig4 #eb71 ,guillim quotes ,pl9y's fable ( ! ,roman f>m] :o 0 accus$ to ! au?orities ( be+ a magician1 because 8 fields 7 fruitful1 :il/ ^? ( 8 neighb\r 7 b>r54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,wait1 said ! f>m]1 & ,i w %[ y my conjur+ tools2 & !re) he produc$ 8 pl\gh & a c>t:eel4 ,f ?is anecdote we ga!r t ,sir ,payne ,roet mu/ h be5 di/+ui%$ z an agriculturi/4 ,!n come ! implem5ts = mak+ clo!s z well z "s items ( dress4 ,wool-c>ds are borne by ! ,c>d+tons2 %uttles by ! ,%uttlewor?s2 ,sir ,john ,maunsel be>s ?ree maun*es 7sleeves72 ! ,b>tlelots1 gloves2 ! ,hose family be> /ock+s2 ! ,ar?urs ( ,irel& ?ree boots1 blazon$ z ?ree ,iri% brogues2 ! ,hu?s h a hat 7hut be+ ! ,g]man = hat74 ,"o family ( ,palm]s *>ges _! %ield ) ?ree palm]'s /aves2 ano!r has a pilgrim's scrip4 ,! ,sp5ces be> ?ree p5ny-pieces1 ?is latt] *>ge symboliz+ comm]ce4 ,workman's tools--pickaxes1 hamm]s1 levels1 squ>es1 hat*ets1 nails1 plummets1 etc4--_h all great h]aldic significance4 ,! pickaxe 0 to rem9d its be>] :5ce he 0 digg$2 ! level t 8 actions mu/ be ju/ifi$ by ! rule ( reason & ju/ice2 ! squ>e taught ! cultivation ( an ev5 judgm5t2 ! nails1 fixity ( purpose2 ! plummet1 prud5ce 9 fa?om+ ! problems ( life4 ,! objects wr\ght by ^! tools foll[4 ,fir/1 come works ( masonry4 ,"o ,oldca/le be>s a t[] triple-t[]$2 ,sir ,edw>d ,mansel1 a t[] ) a scal+ ladd] aga9/ x2 :il/ ?ree ca/les occur 9 ! arms ( ! ,sc>bor\gh family4 ,! h]alds1 be x not$1 made a great di/9ction betwe5 a t[] & a ca/le1 :5 *>g+ ei!r ^u a %ield4 ,=1 :]eas a t[] mu/ nev] occupy ! :ole ( ! field1 a ca/le ext5de? itself all ov] ! %ield f "o side to ! o!r4 ,?ree ar*es are borne by ! ,ar*]s2 ! ,tr[bridges be> a bridge4 ,keys occur fairly (t51 be+ borne ei!r s+ly or 9 ?rees4 ,! ,bells v prop]ly be> bells1 & ^! latt] we also f9d 9 ! ,dobell coat ( arms1 :i* af=ds an excell5t example ( cant+ h]aldry 7,fig4 #ec74 ,"o1 ,/rat=d1 be>s ?ree tre/les meant to imply _! be>]'s love ( hospitality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 ,among/ o!r inanimate *>ges are fle%-pots1 bell[s1 lamps4 ,! ,lamplaws be> ?ree lamps2 cups are borne by ,b[les1 ,w>cupp1 & ,butl]2 di%es are borne by ! ,/&i% family 7a bo>'s head 9 a gold5 di% 0 a r fav\rite *>ge71 z 7 also clocks1 wat*es1 dials1 etc4 ,next we f9d %ips & all ?+s p]ta9+ to !m4 ,! ,e>l ( ,cai?ness be>s a %ip2 ! ,cavells be> ?ree sails2 ! ,*appels h an an*or4 ,?ree an*ors are a fairly common *>ge4 ,objects connect$ ) hunt+1 hawk+1 & fi%+ come next4 ,! ,ha!ways be> a hunt]'s horn2 ! ,langhornes ?ree bugles2 ! ,plankes1 ?ree hawk-bells1 :il/ a lure ) a l9e & r+1 all a falcon]'s decoy1 are borne by "o1 ,lie1 a suitable "n1 see+ t a falcon] is ev] us$ to deceive4 ,?ree mascles1 repres5t+ ! me%es ( a net1 are borne by ! ,belgraves1 :il/ a net enclos+ ?ree /urgeons is introduc$ into ! ,/urgeons' coat ( arms1 & is blazon$ z a fret4 ,! ,m$villes be> ?ree fi%+-hooks4 ,n[ we come to objects associat$ ) games--*essm51 dice1 balls1 etc4 ,"o ( ,*>les ,v4's g5]als bore z 8 arms a ball ) two balloons1 ) ! motto1 ,! h>d] ,i am /ruck1 ! high] ,i m\nt4 ,!n we h milit>y weapons & implem5ts1 cannon1 batt]+-rams1 swords1 lances1 z well z bann]s1 drums1 trumpets1 cl>ions1 etc4 ,guillim blazons ! ,e>l ( ,cumb]l&'s arms z ?ree mur!r+ %ots4 ,"o ,b[man be>s ?ree b[s1 :il/ arr[s#a & swords are ( con/ant occurr5ce1 ! latt] borne ei!r s+ly or cross$ salt]-wise4 ,footnote #a3 ,an arr[ has its peculi> t]ms ( blazon4 ,x is arm$ ( its head1 flight$ ( its fea!rs1 :il/ a bundle ( arr[s is a %eaf4 ,an arr[ ) a blunt head is kn[n 9 h]aldry z a bird-bolt4 ,on ! ,e>l ( ,l9dsey's %ield !re are ?ree batt]+-rams 9 ! fir/ & f\r? qu>t]s1 & a %att]$ ca/le triple-t[]$ is repres5t$ 9 ! second & ?ird qu>t]s4 ,! orig9 ( ?is unusual coat ( arms is hi/orical4 ,"o ,rob]t ,b]tie1 aft]w>ds creat$ ,e>l ( ,l9dsey1 0 s]v+ 9 ! army1 :i*1 dur+ ,que5 ,elizabe?'s reign1 laid siege to ,cadiz "u ! ,e>l ( ,essex's comm&4 ,:5 ! ,engli% troops made a furi\s onslaught on ! gates ( ! city1 e inhabitant )9 its walls /rove to drive back ! enemy1 ! old wom5 fl++ d[n heavy /ones f ! ramp>ts4 ,"o ( ^! missiles fell$ "y ,b]tie to ! gr\nd1 s t :51 aft] ! tak+ ( ,cadiz1 ! y\? 0 knight$ = 8 gallant conduct t day1 ! newly made knight exclaim$3 ,! squire 0 knock$ d[n by an old woman ) a /one1 b ! g5]al bade him arise a knight4 ,all k9ds ( escut*eons 7 also *>g$ ^u a %ield1 z well z helmets & gauntlets4 ,trophies & tok5s ( m>tial victory also occur 9 h]aldry1 su* z *aplets1 torses--! wrea? surr\nd+ ! helmet--along ) ! m melan*oly *>ges--fett]s1 %ackles1 *a9s1 d5ot+ ! subjection & captivity ( ! vanqui%$4 ,bridles1 bits1 buckles1 & /irrups are ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 h]aldry4 ,"l ,/anhope be>s ?ree /irrups1 buckles1 & /raps1 :il/ spurs are borne v appropriately by ! ,knights4 ,be=e clos+ ?is *apt] we mu/ m5tion t besides ! *>ges emblazon$ on ! %ield1 :i* we h be5 consid]+ at "s l5g?1 a coat ( arms has c]ta9 accessory ornam5ts4 ,^! are kn[n z ! cre/1 helmet1 mantl+1 support]s--we h spok5 ( ! latt] else:]e--scrolls1#b & mottoes4 ,! cre/1#c :i* is ! only "p ( armorial be>+s :i* is 9 con/ant use1 is ! device plac$ above an escut*eon1 & orig9ally worn ^u a helmet1 b x n[ occurs on a coronet1 wrea?1 or cap4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ribbon be>+ ! motto is call$ h]aldically escroll--scroll4 ,footnote #c3 ,cre/ is obvi\sly d]iv$ f cri/a1 a bird's comb or cre/4 ,its h]aldic t]m is cognizance1 because ! cre/ worn ^u 8 helmet s]v$ to insure recognition ( a lead] by 8 foll[]s on ! battle-field4 ,z reg>ds ! repres5t+ ( helmets 9 armorial be>+s1 ! foll[+ rules mu/ be not$3 ,a k+'s helmet mu/ be gold1 six-b>r$1 full face1 & op52 a duke's helmet is /eel ) five gold b>s1 & set slightly 9 pr(ile2 b>onets & knights h also /eel helmets ) no b>s--^! mu/ be drawn full fac$ ) visor rais$2 /eel helmets are also us$ by esquires1 visor d[n1 ) gold ornam5ts & repres5t$ 9 pr(ile4 ,full-fac$ helmets d5ote au?ority1 side-fac$ ones symbolize att5tion & ob$i5ce t[>ds sup]iors4 ,mantl+ or lambrequ9 is ! t]m us$ = ! mantle or a piece ( sc>f-l drap]y1 atta*$ to ! helmet & %[+ jagg$ & torn edges to sugge/ ! cuts receiv$ 9 battle4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 we f9d ! mantl+ 9 h]aldry takes ! %ape ( graceful fl[+ outl9es4 ,9 ! motto we h1 no d\bt1 ! survival ( ! w>-cries2 _m 7besides express+ ! "n ( ! be>] or "s allusion to ! *>ges on ! coat ( arms7#d conta9 v int]e/+ hi/orical ref]5ces--viz41 ! ,grip ,fa/ ( ! ,e>l ( ,ro!s recalls h[ 8 ance/or rescu$ ! good ,que5 ,m>g>et f ! riv]1 :]e %e & h] palfrey 7 dr[n+1 & exhort$ h] to grip fa/ to 8 belt4 ,footnote #d3 ,z1 = in/ance1 ,f>e fac1 ! ,fairfax motto1 or ! ,we>e's motto1 ,sumus--we are--:il/ ! motto ( ! ,cl]ks ( ,p5icuik1 ,free = a bla/1 alludes to _! cre/1 a man bl[+ a horn4 ,?is ref]s to ! odd condition "u :i* ! ,b>ony ( ,p5icuik is held--viz41 t ! proprietor mu/ sit on a piece ( rock call$ ! ,buck/one1 & w9d ?ree bla/s ( a horn :5ev] ! sov]eign %all come to hunt on ! ,bor\gh ,muir1 ne> ,ed9burgh4 ,! motto is g5]ally plac$ b5ea? ! escut*eon1 b we sometimes f9d x above ! cre/4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,qu>t]+ ,,& ,,m>%all+ ,9 ^! ,peeps at ,h]aldry1 we c only glance at mu* t %\ld /ill be m5tion$ if space p]mitt$4 ,we mu/ say some?+1 h[ev]1 ab\t qu>t]+ & m>%all+1 two v important dep>tm5ts 9 h]aldry4 ,hi!rto1 we h dealt ) %ields be>+ only "o coat ( arms1 b n[ we mu/ speak ( ^? :i* be> m ?an "o4 ,qu>t]+ means divid+ ! %ield into qu>t]s1 s t sev]al coats ( arms may be repres5t$ on ! same escut*eon4 ,fig4 #ed %[s ! simple/ =m ( qu>t]+--viz41 by two l9es1 fess-wise & pale-wise4 ,?is arrangem5t gives room = f\r diff]5t coats ( arms1 b if x is necess>y to repres5t m ?an f\r1 ! %ield is fur!r cut up into ! requisite numb] ( divisions1 !n blazon$ accord+ to t numb]--e4g41 qu>t]ly by eight1 by twelve1 & s =?4 ,x also sometimes happ5s t 9 a %ield already qu>t]$1 ea* qu>t] has to be qu>t]$ aga91 & ?is arrangem5t is kn[n 9 h]aldry z comp\nd qu>t]+4 ,! f\r orig9al qu>t]s are !n blazon$ z gr& qu>t]s1 ! second>y ones z qu>t]ly qu>t]+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,"o ( ! *ief uses ( qu>t]+ is to record ! alliances betwe5 diff]5t families1 g5]ally made ?r\gh m>riage4 7,! arms ( ! ,duke ( ,portl& af=d a good example ( a %ield be>+ a record ( su* alliances4 ,= 9 ! fir/ & f\r? gr& qu>t]s qu>t]ly we f9d ! arms ( ! ,b5t9cks--! orig9al family arms2 9 ! second & ?ird qu>t]lies ! ,cav5di% arms appe>2 :il/ on ! second & ?ird gr& qu>t]s ! arms ( ,scott are repres5t$1 ?us record+ ! alliance ( ! h\se ( ,b5t9ck ) ^? ( ,cav5di% & ,scott47 ,a husb& may only add ! arms ( 8 wife's family to 8 own :5 %e is heiress or co-heiress ( h] own l9e4 ,he !n be>s ^? arms on :at is call$ an escut*eon ( pret5ce1 :i* he *>ges on 8 own family coat4 ,all ! sons ( an heiress or co-heiress may use _! "m's arms aft] %e is dead z qu>t]+s ) ^? ( _! fa!r1 divid+ ! %ield z 9 ,fig4 #ed & plac+ _! pat]nal arms 9 ! fir/ & f\r? qu>t]s & _! mat]nal 9 ! second & ?ird4 ,:5 ?ree coats ( arms are to be repres5t$ on a %ield1 ! mo/ important occupies ! fir/ & f\r? qu>t]s4 ,a famili> example ( ?is is furni%$ by ! royal arms ( ,great ,brita91 :]e we see ! lions ( ,engl& 9 ! fir/ & f\r? qu>t]s1 ! lion rampant ( ,scotl& 9 ! second1 & ! h>p ( ,irel& 9 ! ?ird4 ,! ,e>l ( ,pembroke1 9 #acdh1 0 ! fir/ subject1 s ,mr4 ,hulme tells u1 :o qu>t]$ 8 arms4 ,:5 a great numb] ( qu>t]+s are *>g$ ^u ! %ield1 ! ord] 9 :i* ^! qu>t]+s are m>%all$#a or arrang$ is v important1 ! orig9al arms be+ always plac$ 9 ! upp] dext] ( ! field--t be+ ! mo/ hon\rable po9t--& ! o!r arms foll[+ 9 ! sequ5ce 9 :i* !y 7 introduc$ into ! family coat ( arms4 ,footnote #a3 ,m>%all+ means ! art ( gr\p+ or arrang+ v>i\s coats ( arms on "o & ! same %ield4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #f4 ,,sir ,,william ,,h]s*el4 ,arms4--,arg4 on m\nt v]t1 repres5tation ( ! #dj ft4 reflect+ telescope ) its app>atus ppr4 on a *ief az3 ! a/ronomical symbol ( ,uranus irradiat$ or4 ,cre/4--,a demi t]re/rial sph]e ppr4 !reon an eagle1 w+s elevat$ or4 ,motto4--,coelis exploratis4 ,!re 7 two me?ods ( m>%all+ 9 e>ly h]aldry4 ,"o 0 kn[n z dimidation1 :i* means cutt+ a coat ( arms 9 half1 pale-wise1 & mat*+ x ) ano!r half ( ano!r coat ( arms1 s z to make "o a*ievem5t ( ! two jo9$ halves4 ,?us1 :5 a wife's arms 7 to be repres5t$ on ! same %ield z h] husb&'s1 bo? coats 7 halv$1 & !n plac$ ^u ! %ield1 ! husb&'s arms occupy+ ! "r side1 & ^? ( ! wife ! left4 ,z y c imag9e1 h[ev]1 ! result ( ?is *opp+ & jo9+ 0 seldom satisfactory & sometimes v comical1 z1 = example1 9 ! arms ( ,y>m\?1 :]e half a lion is runn+ to jo9 half a h]r+6 ,! second me?od ( m>%all+ 0 by impalem5t4 ,?is t]m means ! jo9+ toge!r ( diff]5t coats ( arms by a pale4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,9 ?is arrangem5t ! %ield 0 divid$ pale-wise z be=e 7,fig4 #ee %[s ! %ield divid$ ready to receive ! two coats71 b ! :ole ( ea* coat 0 cr[d$ respectively into ea* side ( ! %ield1 ! "r side be+ *>g$ ) ! husb&'s arms1 ! left ) 8 wife's4 ,naturally1 h[ev]1 9 ord] to suit ?is arrangem5t1 ! arms suff]$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( alt]ation4 ,n[adays1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,fox-,davies1 ! foll[+ rules are obs]v$ ) reg>d to ! arms ( man & wife--viz43 ,if ! wife is n an h]aldic heiress ! two coats are impal$4 ,if ! wife be an h]aldic heiress or co-heir1 9 lieu ( impalem5t1 ! arms ( h] family are plac$ on an escut*eon1 be+ t]m$ an 'escut*eon ( pret5ce1' because 444 ! husb& pret5ds to ! repres5tation ( h] family4 ,a wid[ may h ! coat ( arms borne by h] husb& & h]self m>%all$1 n on a %ield1 b on a loz5ge1 :il/ an unm>ri$ daught] may be> h] fa!r's arms on a loz5ge also1 b )\t a cre/4 ,f9ally1 "u ! head ( m>%all+ comes ! arrangem5t ( all ! accessories1 ( ! %ield ( :i* we spoke 9 our la/ *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,five ,,coats ,,( ,,arms ,9 ?is *apt] we mu/ say a few words ab\t ! five a*ievem5ts :i* are %[n 9 ! col\r$ plates4 ,^! repres5t respectively ! armorial be>+s ( a duke1 m>quess1 e>l1 b>on1 & b>onet4#a ,footnote #a3 ,we h to apologize to our read]s = ! omission--ow+ to want ( space--( an example ( ! armorial be>+s ( a visc\nt4 ,to beg9 ) ,no4 #a4 ,?is coat ( arms belongs to ! ,duke ( ,le9/]1 & %\ld be blazon$--z y w "k by ?is "t--viz43 ,arg 3 a salti] gu 3 cre/1 a monkey /atant ppr 3 environ$ ab\t ! middle ) a pla9 coll> & *a9$ or4 2 support]s1 two monkeys1 environ$ & *a9$ z ! cre/2 motto1 ,crom aboo--lit]ally ,crom to victory1 ,crom be+ ! "n ( an old ca/le belong+ to ! ,fitzg]alds4 ,n[1 9 ?is a*ievem5t ! trio ( monkeys tell ! /ory1 n ( _! be>]'s gr& de$s1 b ( ! noble feat p]=m$ by "o ( _! own ance/ors4 ,& ?is is ! monkey's /ory3 ,long1 long ago1 9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ,i41 ,john ,fitz-,?omas ,fitzg]ald 7lat] fir/ ,e>l ( ,kild>e1#b b at t "t only an infant71 0 /ay+ 9 ! ,ca/le ( ,wood/ock1 :5 ! build+ sudd5ly broke into flames4 ,9 ! fir/ panic caus$ by ! fire no "o rememb]$ ! poor baby ly+ helpless 9 8 cradle2 b :51 lat] on1 "s ( ! s]vants w5t back to se>* = him1 !y f\nd only ! sm\ld]+ rema9s ( 8 cradle on ! *>r$ floor ( ! burnt-out nurs]y4 ,di/ract$ ) remorse1 !y w&]$ ab\t ! smok+ ru9s1 va9ly seek+ = ! *ild4 ,sudd5ly1 a que] *att]+ attract$ _! att5tion to "o ( ! high1 black5$ t[]s ( ! ca/le1 & !re1 outl9$ aga9/ ! sky1 /ood ! pet ape ( ! h\sehold1 hold+ ! baby boy safe & s\nd 9 8 long1 hairy arms6 ,on ?is occasion1 ! monkey _h put 8 bett]s to %ame1 & _h sav$ ! helpless life :i* !y _h left to p]i%4 ,footnote #b3 ,! elde/ son ( ! ,duke ( ,le9/] is ! ,m>quess ( ,kild>e4 ,9 gratitude = t monkey's devotion1 ,john ,fitzg]ald adopt$ a monkey = 8 cre/1 :il/ two additional apes act z support]s to ! ,duke ( ,le9/]'s %ield4 ,?us1 y see1 9 ?is case x is ! gold5 de$ ( a f>-away monkey t h]aldry keeps alive4 ,! arms ( ! ,m>quess ( ,h]t=d are v pretty ones1 & af=d a good example ( ! use ( ! pile z an augm5tation ( hon\r4 ,x is introduc$ into ! fir/ & f\r? gr& qu>t]s1 be>+ ! *>ge ( ?ree lions1 :il/ ! second & ?ird qu>t]s are occupi$ by two w+s conjo9$ by lure4 ,^! arms1 be+ precisely ! same z ^? ( ! ,duke ( ,som]set1 s]ve to rem9d u t ! ,m>quess ( ,h]t=d1 ^: family "n is also ,seym\r1 is a desc5dant f "o & ! same ance/or4 ,= :]eas ! w+s 9 ! coat ( arms repres5t ! armorial be>+s ( ! ,seym\rs1 ! pile 0 an augm5tation ( hon\r grant$ by ,h5ry ,,viii4 to ,sir ,john ,seym\r on ! occasion ( ! ,k+'s m>riage ) ,lady ,jane ,seym\r1 8 daught]4 ,! same cre/1 a phoenix ris+ out ( flames surm\nt+ a ducal coronet1 does duty = bo? a*ievem5ts1 b :]eas ! ,duke ( ,som]set's support]s are a unicorn & a bull1 ! ,m>quess ( ,h]t=d has two blackamoors1 :i* are blazon$--viz41 wrea!d ab\t ! temples or1 sa 3 habit$ 9 %ort gold5 g>m5ts2 adorn$ ab\t ! wai/ ) gre5 & r$ fea!rs2 ea* hold+ 9 8 ext]ior h& a %ield1 az 3 g>ni%$ or1 ! dext] *>g$ ) ! 'sun 9 spl5d\r1' gold1 ! o!r ) a cresc5t1 silv]4 ,motto1 ',fide et amore'--',) fai? & love4' ,! ,e>l ( ,sc>bor\gh's coat ( arms %[s no qu>t]+s4 ,"h ! field is divid$ fesswise & *>g$ ) ?ree p>rots 7!y are usually t]m$ pop9jays 9 h]aldry74 ,a pelican 9 h] piety is ! cre/1 :il/ we f9d p>rots aga9 ) w+s inv]t$ z support]s4 ,^! arms are ( great antiquity1 hav+ be5 adopt$ by ,sir ,m>maduke ,lumley1 :o d]iv$ !m f 8 "m1 ,lucia1 co-heiress ( ! anci5t h\se ( ,?w5g 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,_! motto is1 ,a s\nd consci5ce is a wall ( brass4 ,b>on ,hawke's a*ievem5t h9ts v pla9ly at ! gr& naval feats p]=m$ by ! f\nd] ( ! h\se1 ,edw>d ,hawke1 ! gallant sailor1 :o1 at ! e>ly age ( ?irty-"o1 0 made ,admiral ( ! ,:ite4 ,8 brilliant victory ov] ! ,fr5* 9 #agdg1 :5 he captur$ six l>ge %ips ( ! enemy's l9e1 is matt] ( hi/ory4 ,8 arms are ,arg 3 a *evron erm9ois betwe5 ?ree pilgrims' /aves purple1 ! cre/1 a hawk ris+1 beak$1 bell$1 & *>g$ on ! brea/ ) fleur-de-lys or 2 :il/ mo/ appropriately ! support]s ( ?is naval h]o's %ield are--dext] support]1 ,neptune 9 a sea-gre5 mantle1 cr[n$ ) an ea/]n coronet or1 8 dext] arm erect1 d>t+ d[nw>ds 8 trid5t sa 3 head$ silv]1 re/+ 8 s9i/] foot on a dolph91 also sable 2 s9i/] support]1 a sea-horse1 su/a9+ 9 8 =e-f9s a bann]1 arg 3 ! /aff brok5 ppr4 ,motto1 ,/rike4 ,! fif? coat ( arms1 a v pictorial "o1 0 assum$ by ! great a/ronom] & musician1 ,sir ,william ,h]s*el1 & s]ves z our example ( a b>onet's armorial be>+s4 7,y w note t x has no support]s1 & t ! b>onet's badge1 a s9i/] h& *>g$ on an escut*eon1 is plac$ on ! dext] side ( ! field47 ,?is coat ( arms tells ! /ory ( its be>]'s gr& discov]y ( ! new planet1 ,uranus4#c ,footnote #c3 ,we /rongly advise our read]s to ref] to ,a ,peep at ! ,heav5s = fur!r in=mation on ?is po9t4 ,?is ,h]s*el a*iev$ ) ! aid ( a telescope ( 8 own mak+4 ,& s v prop]ly a telescope#d ) all its app>atus is repres5t$ on ! field1 :il/ ! a/ronomical symbol ( ,uranus is *>g$ 9 ! *ief4 ,! cre/ is a demi-t]re/rial sph]e ) an eagle !reon1 w+s elevat$4 ,motto1 ,! heav5s hav+ be5 explor$4 ,footnote #d3 ,sir ,william ,h]s*el made & erect$ a telescope #dj feet long at ,sl\gh1 complet+ x 9 #aghg4 ,s ?is coat ( arms1 y see1 %[s ! result ( ! lab\rs ( its orig9al be>]1 along ) ! telescope :i* 0 in/rum5tal 9 mak+ ! wond]ful discov]y4 ,& n[ a few la/ words ab\t ! frontispiece4 ,?is %[s ! h]ald 9 8 tab>d1 :i*1 z ! (ficial habit ( h]alds1 has rema9$ un*ang$ 9 ,great ,brita9 ev] s9ce ! (fice ( h]ald 0 fir/ in/itut$4 ,! tab>d--really1 a tunic--0 orig9ally worn ov] mail arm\r1 be+ blazon$ back & front1 z x is n[1 ) ! arms ( ! sov]eign = ! "t be+4 ,?\gh ! g5]al "n ( tab>d 0 giv5 to ?is p>ticul> k9d ( (ficial g>m5t1 x 0 fur!r di/+ui%$ by ! t]m ( tunique1 :5 worn by ! ,k+-at-,arms4 ,x 0 !n made ( ri*e fyne velvet4 ,:5 worn by ! h]alds1 ! tab>d 0 kn[n z a plasque1 & made ( sat91 :il/ ! pursuivant's tab>d 0 call$ a coat ( arms1 & made ( damask silk4 ,a ,k+-at-,arms ranks fir/ among/ h]aldic (ficials4 ,x is 8 duty to direct h]alds1 to preside at _! *apt]s1 & to him belongs ! jurisdiction ( arms4 ,we h ?ree ,engli% ,k+s-(-,arms1#e /yl$ respectively1 ,g>t]1 ,cl>5cieux1 & ,norroy4 ,! (fic] atta*$ to ! ,ord] ( ! ,ba? is also /yl$ ,ba? ,k+-at-,arms4 ,footnote #e3 ,! t]m ( ,k+-at-,arms is also sometimes employ$4 ,scotl& has h] ,lyon ,k+-(-,arms1 ,irel& h] ,ul/] ,k+-(-,arms4 ,we h ?ree *ief h]alds & six subord9ate or prov9cial ones--viz41 ,york1 ,lanca/]1 ,*e/]1 ,w9dsor1 ,ri*mond1 & ,som]set4 ,on ! accession ( ,george ,i41 two m 7 appo9t$ & /yl$ ! ,hanov] ,h]ald1 & ,gl\ce/] ,k+-at-,arms4 ,a pursuivant is an att5dant ^u ! h]ald1 & belongs to ! ?ird or l[e/ ord] ( h]aldic (fic]s4 ,!re are f\r ,engli% pursuivants1 /yl$ respectively1 ,r\ge ,croix1 ,blue ,mantle1 ,r\ge ,dragon1 & ,portcullis4 ,?ree pursuivants belong to ! ,c\rt ( ,lyon 9 ,scotl&--,unicorn1 ,c>rick1 & ,bute4 ,on ! cov] we h ! figure ( a ,crusad] 9 8 mail arm\r1 be>+ on 8 brea/ ! badge ( a r$ cross *>g$ ^u a :ite field4 ,look+ at ! massive1 closely knit arm\r portray$ 9 our illu/ration1 we c easily und]/& t ! we>] encas$ )9 x mu/ h suff]$ cruelly 9 ! ,ea/1 :5 ! burn+ sun p\r$ d[n ^u 8 metal arm\r1 & t1 z a natural consequ5ce1 ! surcoat ( "s wov5 fabric 0 introduc$1 to be worn ov] ! coat ( mail z a protection aga9/ ! scor*+ rays ( ! sun4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,p5nons1 ,,bann]s1 ,,& ,,/&>ds ,p5nons1 bann]s1 & /&>ds are s closely associat$ ) h]aldry t we mu/ n leave !m altoge!r unnotic$4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ?ree di/9ct classes ( h]aldic flags appe> to h be5 9 use 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #g4 ,,! ,,flags ,,( ,,great ,,brita94 #a4 ,! ,union ,jack4 #b4 ,! ,royal ,/&>d4 ,! fir/ 0 ! p5non2 ?is 0 an armorial lance flag1 n>r[ & tap]+1 & 0 ! m>k ( knightly rank4 ,sometimes x 0 triangul> 9 =m1 b x 0 (t5] =k$ or swall[-tail$ at ! fly4 ,x 0 borne on a lance1 & s]v$ z ! p]sonal ensign ( ! be>]1 be+ *>g$ ) 8 badge or "s o!r "p ( 8 armorial be>+s4 ,! bann] 0 a squ>e flag1 v (t5 repres5t+ ! :ole coat ( arms ( ! be>]1 9 exactly ! same way z a %ield 0 blazon$4 ,a bann] 0 c>ri$ by all above ! rank ( a knight1 k+s includ$4 ,an emp]or's bann] 0 #f feet squ>e1 a k+'s #e1 a nobleman's only #c4 ,! /&>d 0 ! ?ird v>iety ( e>ly h]aldic flags4 ,x 0 *iefly 9 use 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 ?\gh "s /&>ds 7 c]ta9ly 9 use "s fifty ye>s soon]4 ,9 old days ! t]m /&>d 0 loosely appli$ to any l>ge flag on :i* a badge & motto 7 repres5t$2 9 fact1 !re is no d\bt t ! /&>d 0 orig9ally design$ = ! special purpose ( display+ armorial be>+s4 ,nev]!less1 a /&>d prop] 0 a tap]+ flag1 ri*ly embroid]$1 & slit slightly at ! n>r[ end4 ,! /&>d ( an emp]or or k+ 0 #aa y>ds long :5 x 0 plant$ be=e 8 pavilion1 b :5 x 0 c>ri$ into battle x 0 r$uc$ to #i y>ds 9 l5g?4 ,x is1 !re=e1 q incorrect to speak ( ! squ>e bann] on :i* our royal arms are blazon$ z a /&>d1 = x is mo/ di/9ctly a bann]4 ,x displays1 z y all "k1 ! armorial be>+s ( ! sov]eign fully blazon$1 j z !y are m>%all$ 9 ! royal %ield4 ,?is bann] %\ld only be hoi/$ ov] a palace :5 ! k+ or "s memb] ( ! royal family is actually 9 resid5ce4 ,9 ! ,navy1 ! ,royal ,/&>d--falsely s-call$--is consid]$ ! supreme flag ( ,great ,brita91 & is only fl[n on a %ip :5 ! mon>*1 or someone belong+ to ! royal family1 is on bo>d4 ,! ,union ,jack is ! national bann] ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,x repres5ts ! ?ree unit$ crosses ( ,/4 ,george = ,engl&1 ! saltire ( ,/4 ,&rew = ,scotl&1 & ! cross ( ,/4 ,patrick = ,irel&4 ,/4 ,george's ,cross is r$ on :ite2 ,/4 ,&rew's is :ite on blue2 ,/4 ,patrick's 7saltire-%ap$ l ,/4 ,&rew's7 is r$ on :ite4 ,"s writ]s h d]iv$ ! ^w jack f ,jacques = ,james ,i41 because he 0 ! mon>* :o unit$ ! flags ( ,engl& & ,scotl&2 b ?is is held to be incorrect4 ,! old h]aldic "n = a surcoat 0 jacque1 h5ce obvi\sly our ^w jacket1 :i* recalls ! ,g]man jacke = coat1 & !re=e und\bt$ly jaque survives 9 ! ,union ,jack1 :i* is int5d$ to repres5t ! national arms1 & ?us c]ta9ly fulfils ! purposes ( a coat ( arms4 ,! ,union ,jack fir/ came into use aft] ,james ,i4's accession1 :5 ,engl& & ,scotl& became unit$4 ,till !n1 ! ,engli% flag bore ,/4 ,george's ,cross1 a rectangul> r$ cross on a :ite field1 :il/ ! ,scot* flag %[$ ! :ite diagonal cross ( ,/4 ,&rew on a blue gr\nd4 ,! union ( ! two flags 0 effect$ by reta9+ ! blue field ( ,/4 ,&rew's ,cross1 :il/ ! r$ field ( ! ,engli% flag 0 repres5t$ by add+ a n>r[ bord] ( t col\r to ! limbs ( ,/4 ,george's ,cross4 ,! h]aldic t]m = ?is addition is fimbrication--lit]ally bord]+4 ,?is comb9$ flag rema9$ 9 use till #ahja1 :51 ,irel& hav+ jo9$ ! ,union1 x became necess>y to incorporate ! cross ( ,/4 ,patrick into ! national bann]4 ,b1 le/ x %\ld be ?\ght t ei!r ( ! diagonal crosses took prec$5ce ( ! o!r1 c>e 0 tak5 t ! :ite & r$ bord]s ( ea* %\ld be alt]nately upp]mo/4 ,! ,"l ,lieut5ant ( ,irel& flies ! ,union ,jack ) ! h>p ( ,irel& on an escut*eon *>g$ ^u x4 ,s also does ! ,gov]nor ( ,india1 b 9 ?is case ! ,union ,jack be>s ! ,/> ( ,india 9 ! c5tre1 *>g$ ) a rose1 & surm\nt$ by an imp]ial cr[n4 ,we h ?ree flags con/antly 9 use n[adays1 :i* are always spok5 ( z ensigns4 ,^! are3 ,fir/1 ! ,r$ ,ensign1 a pla9 r$ flag1 be>+ a ,union ,jack 9 a canton on ! dext] side4 ,?is is "k z ! ,ensign ( ,engl&1 & :5 display$ at sea di/+ui%es all vessels n belong+ to ! ,royal ,navy4 ,second1 ! ,:ite or ,/4 ,george's ,ensign2 ! orig9al bann] ( ,/4 ,george ) a jack canton$ 9 ! fir/ qu>t]4 ,?is is ! ensign ( ! ,royal ,navy4 ,?ird1 ! ,blue ,ensign1 a pla9 blue field ) ! ,union ,jack canton$ 9 ! dext] side4 ,?is is ! ensign ( ! ,naval ,res]ve4 ,! ,admiralty flag1 display+ a yell[ an*or & cable set fesswise on a r$ field1 may be gr\p$ ) ! ?ree ensigns4 ,z reg>ds milit>y flags1 ! cavalry /&>ds--bann]s prop]ly--are ! true survivals ( ! knightly bann]s ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! col\r ( ! field repeats t ( ! regim5tal fac+s1 & ea* /&>d be>s ! numb]1 motto1 & specific title ( its own regim5t1 z well z its own h]aldic badge4 ,^u ^! /&>ds are also blazon$ ! regim5tal hon\rs1 su* z ,wat]loo1 ,alma1 ,luckn[1 ?us commemorat+ ! s]vices r5d]$ by t corps to _! c\ntry4 ,infantry regim5ts h _! col\rs1 or1 prop]ly1 pair ( col\rs4 ,"o ( ^! is ! sov]eign's col\r1 always crimson1 display+ a ,union ,jack1 *>g$ ) ! regim5tal device2 ! o!r is ! regim5tal col\r1 repeat+ ! t9cture ( ! fac+s4 ,^u ?is ! hon\rs & devices ( ! regim5t are *>g$1 :il/ a small jack is canton$ on ! dext] side ( ! flag4 ,! regim5tal col\rs ( ! ,gu>ds is ! ,union ,jack4 ,! ,royal ,artill]y h nei!r col\rs nor /&>ds4 ,x w\ld be curi\s to note ! v>i\s =ms ( bann]s :i* h be5 9 use s9ce ! days :5 ! old ,roman g5]al hoi/$ a small truss ( hay z 8 ensign1 b surely "o ( ! que]e/ flags t ev] f\nd its way into hi/ory 0 t display$ by our own ,h5ry ,v41 :51 9 #adbj1 he made 8 entry into ,p>is1 rid+ betwe5 ,*>les ,,vi4 & ,philippe1 ,duke ( ,burgundy4 ,= !n1 we are told1 t1 among/ o!r bann]s1 ! ,engli% mon>* bore a lance ) a fox-tail atta*$ to x1 = be+ a great hunt] ( foxes1 ?is 0 8 own p]sonal badge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h we mu/ close our ,peeps at ,h]aldry1 b please1 de> eyes1 t h be5 peep+ ) me up to ?is po9t1 d n close too4 ,o!rwise ! object ) :i* ?is little book has be5 writt5--namely1 to op5 y\r eyes to ! rudim5ts ( h]aldry1 s t1 hav+ begun ) a peep1 y may g on to take an exhau/ive view ( ! art & its developm5ts--w be sadly defeat$4 ,= ?is small volume pret5ds to be no?+ m ?an a simple introduction1 a pa?-f9d]1 to t fasc9at+ language1 9 :i* ! gold5 de$s ( *ivalry & patriotism1 ( sci5ce & philan?ropy1 are kept alive f age to age 9 all qu>t]s ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,t]ms ,,to ,,be ,,met ,,) ,,9 ,,h]aldry ,abas$1 appli$ to a *>ge plac$ l[] ?an its usual position4 ,accolle1 side by side4 ,accru$1 fully gr[n4 ,a*ievem5t1 complete h]aldic emblazonm5t4 ,addors$1 back to back4 ,agr\pm5t1 gr\p+ ( two or m %ields to =m "o a*ievem5t4 ,ailettes1 "p ( mail arm\r = protect+ neck4 ,appaume1 op5 h&1 %[+ palm 7,fig4 #ea74 ,armnie1 erm9e4 ,armes p>lantes1 allusive arms4 ,armory1 h]aldry4 ,asp]s$1 scatt]$ ov]4 ,assurgeant1 ris+ f ! sea4 ,b>bute1 *9-piece ( helm4 ,b>d+s1 horse-trapp+s4 ,basilisk1 cockatrice1 produc$ f egg1 laid by cock & hat*$ by a toad on a dunghill4 ,bas9et1 /eel cap2 "p ( old arm\r4 ,beacon1 fire *e/ ( burn+ combu/ibles set on a pole ) a ladd] aga9/ x4 ,bezant1 disc-l co94 ,birdbolt1 arr[ ) a blunt head4 ,breys1 horse curbs4 ,brisure1 m>k ( cad5cy4 ,caltrap1 or ,*eval-trap1 us$ to maim horses 9 battle4 ,cameleop>del1 my?ical bea/4 ,*ape1 or ,crampet1 decorat$ top ( %ea?4 ,*atl\p1 fabul\s horn$ animal4 ,*ess-rook1 *ess piece4 ,*evronel1 small *evron4 ,*im]a1 leg5d>y bea/4 ,c9que-foil1 leaf or fl[] ( five foils4 ,closet1 b> dim9i%$ to half its wid?4 ,cl\e1 nail$1 nail-heads %[+4 ,conjo9$ 9 lure1 w+s unit$2 tips 9 base4 ,cont\rne1 fac+ to ! s9i/]4 ,corni%-*\gh1 cr[ ) r$ beak & legs4 ,coronet1 badge ( ,pe]2 ,duke's1 ) eight /rawb]ry-leaves ( equal height above rim2 ,m>quis's1 f\r /rawb]ry-leaves alt]nat+ ) f\r pe>ls on po9ts ( same height z leaves2 ,e>l's1 same z ,m>quis's1 b pe>ls rais$ above leaves2 ,visc\nt's1 ) twelve silv] balls on coronet2 ,b>on's1 ) six silv] balls set close to rim4 ,ctise1 dim9utive b5d4 ,c\pl$-close1 half a *evronel4 ,cresset1 a beacon4 ,crusilly1 s[n ) cross crosslets4 ,cubit-arm1 human arm c\p$ at elb[4 ,debas$1 rev]s$4 ,debrusi$1 :5 an ord9>y surm\nts an animal or o!r ord9>y4 ,decollat$1 said ( a decapitat$ lion4 ,decresc5t1 half-moon1 ) horns to ! left4 ,defam$1 said ( a lion look+ backw>ds4 ,degrad$1 set on /eps4 ,dememb]$1 figure cut into bits1 ) orig9al figure left unalt]$4 ,depress$1 surm\nt$4 ,dimidiat$1 cut 9 halves pale-wise1 & "o-half remov$4 ,d\bl+1 l9+ ( a mantle4 ,eaglet1 little eagle4 ,emb[$1 b5t4 ,embru$1 blood-/a9$4 ,endorse1 a little pale4 ,enfil$1 pi]c$ ) a sword4 ,enhanc$1 rais$ t[>ds ! *ief4 ,ensign$1 ornam5t$4 ,erne1 eagle4 ,escroll1 ribbon be>+ motto4 ,erm9ites1 fur1 :ite1 ) black spots1 & a r$ hair ea* side ( spots4 ,f]mail1 a buckle4 ,f]r1 horse%oe4 ,fett]-lock1 *a9 & padlock4 ,fillet1 dim9utive ( *ief4 ,fit*$1 po9t$ at base4 ,flex$1 b[$ & b5t4 ,fylfot1 curi\s cruci=m figure4 ,gadbee1 horse-fly4 ,gambe1 or ,jambe1 leg ( bea/ ( prey4 ,gorg$1 encircl$ r\nd ! ?roat4 ,gradi5t1 walk+4 ,gr& qu>t]s1 f\r prim>y divisions ( ! %ield4 ,greeces1 /eps4 ,guige1 a %ield-belt4 ,hames1 p>ts ( horse h>ness4 ,ha/ilude1 t\rnam5t4 ,hat*m5t1 a*ievem5t ( arms 9 a loz5ge-%ap$ frame plac$ ov] resid5ce ( a lately deceas$ p]son4 ,heights1 appli$ to plumes ris+ 9 r[s above "o ano!r4 ,hirondelles1 swall[s4 ,hoi/1 dep? ( flag f *ief to base4 ,hur/1 clump ( trees4 ,jessant1 %oot+ =?4 ,ladyc[1 ladybird4 ,lambel1 label4 ,lion morn1 lion sans claws or tee?4 ,luce1 ,lucy1 a pike4 ,lymphad1 old galley4 ,memb]$1 us$ to d5ote legs ( birds4 ,nag1 (t5 us$ = horse4 ,op9icus1 fabul\s bea/4 ,oriflamme1 squ>e sc>let bann] ) ?ree tails4 ,ov]t1 ) op5 w+s4 ,pana*e1 a plume arrang$ fan-wise4 ,pascuant1 graz+4 ,pean1 a fur4 ,pelt1 = hide4 ,pheon1 po9t$ spe>-head4 ,pot5t1 v>iety ( h]aldic cross2 also fur2 also a crut*4 ,pras91 gre54 ,purfl$1 bord]$4 ,ragully1 cut (f r\ghly4 ,rebat$1 snapp$ (f4 ,retort$1 int]tw9$4 ,reyn>d1 fox4 ,r\ndle1 a circul> figure2 :5 gold1 a bezant2 :5 silv]1 a plate2 :5 gules1 a torteau2 :5 azure1 a hurt2 :5 sable1 a gun/one2 :5 v]t1 a pomme4 ,r\ssant1 ab\t to fly4 ,sallet1 a k9d ( helm4 ,s>celle1 sawn ?r\gh ! c5tre4 ,%elldrake1 k9d ( duck4 ,t5ne1 or ,tawny1 deep orange col\r4 ,timbre1 ! true h]aldic cre/4 ,torse1 cre/-wrea?1 made ( two ske9s ( silk twi/$ toge!r4 ,tressure1 a subord9>y4 ,trick$1 sket*$ 9 outl9e ) p5 & ink4 ,truss$1 said ( birds ) clos$ w+s4 ,tun1 b>rel or cask4 ,tynes1 bran*es ( a /ag's antl]s4 ,v>vals1 small r+s4 ,v]dy1 s[n ) leaves4 ,vol1 two w+s conjo9$4 ,undy1 wavy4 ,ungul$1 ho($4 ,zona1 old ^w = fesse4 ,,bill+ ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,guild=d ,,beautiful ,,books ,,= ,,boys ,,girls ,,) ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,,simil> ,,to ,,^? ,,9 ,,?is ,,volume ,,price #a_/ ,,net ,,ea* ,,tales ,,( ,,engli% ,,m9/]s ,,s]ies ,by ,,elizabe? ,,gri]son ,,ea* ,,volume ,,conta9+ #f ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations 7#b ,,( ,,!m ,,9 ,,col\r7 ,l>ge cr[n #hvo41 pap] bo>ds1 ) picture 9 col\r on ! cov] ,,cant]bury ,,l9coln ,,durham ,,/4 ,,albans ,,ely ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,h]e=d ,,york ,,price #a_/f ,,net ,,ea* ,,r$ ,,cap ,,tales ,,f ,,scott ,,/ol5 ,,f ,,! ,,treasure-,,*e/ ,,( ,,! ,,wiz>d ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,by ,s4 ,r4 ,,crockett ,,ea* ,,volume ,,conta9+ #h ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,l>ge cr[n #hvo41 clo?1 ) picture 9 col\r on ! cov] ,,wav]ley ,,! ,,pirate1 & ,a ,,leg5d ,,guy ,,mann]+ ,,( ,,montrose ,,! ,,antiqu>y ,,=tunes ,,( ,,nigel ,,rob ,,roy ,,qu5t9 ,,durw>d ,,ivanhoe ,,publi%$ ,,by ,a4 ,,& ,c4 ,,black4 #d1 #e ,,& #f ,,soho ,,squ>e1 ,,london1 ,w4 ,,price #a_/f ,,net ,,ea* 7,cont9u$7 ,l>ge cr[n #hvo41 clo? 7#g-c_/d #e-a_/b ins471 ) picture 9 col\r on ! cov] ,,peeps ,,at ,,_m ,,l&s ,,& ,,cities ,,ea* ,,conta9+ #ab ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,?is s]ies ( ,little ,travel ,books = ,"y ,p :o are ( an age to be int]e/$ 9 ! c\ntries ( ! _w & _! peoples has /eadily gr[n on acc\nt ( its wide popul>ity4 ,ea* book is writt5 9 a simple & v attractive /yle 7avoid+ ! /r+s ( numb]s1 names & places t are ! unavoidable features ( ! s*ool geography71 & ?us ! *ild ga9s valuable in/ruction & a vivid int]e/ 9 c\ntries1 great cities1 & peoples ?r\gh ! %e] pleasure ( read+ & by exam9+ ! beautiful illu/rations4 ,! y\?ful read] becomes absorb$ 9 descriptions ( h[ *ildr5 "w & play1 & 9 ! way ( liv+1 9 ! v>i\s c\ntries ( ! _w4 ,! volumes are h&somely b\nd & spl5didly illu/rat$ 9 col\r1 & "y p may n[ possess a s]ies z attractive to !m z ,black's ,col\r ,books are to ! old] folk4 ,,volumes ,,9 ,,! ,,s]ies ,,au/ralia ,,engl& ,,italy ,,portugal ,,belgium ,,f9l& ,,jamaica ,,rome ,,b]l9 ,,france ,,japan ,,russia ,,burma ,,g]many ,,ka%mir ,,scotl& ,,canada ,,greece ,,korea ,,siam ,,ceylon ,,holl& ,,london ,,s\? ,,africa ,,*9a ,,holy ,,l& ,,morocco ,,s\? ,,seas ,,corsica ,,hung>y ,,new ,,york ,,spa9 ,,d5m>k ,,icel& ,,new ,,zeal& ,,sw$5 ,,ed9burgh ,,india ,,norway ,,switz]l& ,,egypt ,,irel& ,,p>is ,,turkey ,,wales ,= ,l>g] ,volumes 9 ?is ,s]ies see p4 #e ( ?is ,li/ ,,price #a_/f ,,net ,,ea* 7,cont9u$7 ,l>ge cr[n #hvo41 clo?1 ) picture 9 col\r on ! cov] ,,peeps ,,at ,,_m ,,l&s 7,,9 ,,fr5*7 ,,publi%$ ,,"u ,,! ,,title ,,( ,,les ,,beaux ,,voyages ,,ea* ,,volume ,,conta9+ #ab ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,arrangem5ts h be5 made to issue ! volumes 9 ! ,peeps at ,_m ,l&s ,s]ies 9 ,fr5*4 ,! lett]press w n be a translation into ,fr5* ( ! ,engli% text1 b 9 mo/ cases w be an entirely new description ( ! c\ntries dealt )1 writt5 9 a bright & vivaci\s /yle by well-kn[n ,fr5*m51 & ! beautiful illu/rations 9 col\r1 :i* =m su* an attractive feature ( ! ,engli% ,edition1 w be reta9$4 ,! s]ies w be edit$1 ) a preface1 by ,,jean ,,aic>d1 ( ! ,acadmie ,franaise4 ,,en ,,*9e ,p> ,,judi? ,,gauti]1 de l',acadmie ,gonc\rt ,,le ,,m>oc ,p> le ,comt4 ,,haillot1 dta* ,casablanca ,,aux ,,indes ,p> le ,capita9e ,,pionni]1 ,*>g de ,mission ,,egypte ,p> ,,jean ,,bayet1 docteur en droit ,,le ,,japon ,p> ,,judi? ,,gauti]1 de l',acadmie ,gonc\rt ,9 ,prep>ation3 ,a ,,trav]s ,,la ,,russie ,,la ,,pale/9e ,,indo ,,*9e ,,les ,,alpes ,l',,alsace-,,lorra9e ,,peeps ,,at ,,nature ,ea* conta9+ #af full-page illu/rations 7#h ( :i* are 9 col\r7 ,,wild ,,fl[]s ,,& ,,_! ,,wond]ful ,,ways ,,! ,,heav5s ,,briti% ,,l& ,,mammals ,,bird ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,seasons ,,peeps ,,at ,,hi/ory ,ea* conta9+ #h full-page illu/rations 9 col\r z well z num]\s black & :ite ?umb-nail sket*es 9 ! text ,,canada ,,india ,,japan ,,scotl& ,,peeps ,,at ,,great ,,railways ,ea* conta9+ #h full-page illu/rations 9 col\r z well z num]\s black & :ite ?umb-nail sket*es 9 ! text ,,! ,,london ,,nor?-,,we/]n ,,railway ,,! ,,nor?-,,ea/]n ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,railways ,,price #a_/f ,,net ,,ea* 7,cont9u$7 ,,beautiful ,,brita9 ,,ea* ,,conta9+ #ab ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,l>ge squ>e demy #hvo41 bo>ds1 ) picture cov] ,cambridge ,! ,isle ( ,wight ,! ,?ames ,cant]bury ,london ,! ,trossa*s ,! ,*annel ,isl&s ,ox=d ,nor? ,wales ,! ,fir? ( ,clyde ,/rat=d-on-,avon ,wessex ,! ,engli% ,lakes ,leam+ton & ,w9dsor & ,eton ,! ,isle ( ,man ,w>wick ,?is is a new s]ies ( col\r-books produc$ at a popul> price1 & !y are ! mo/ inexp5sive books ( ?is "* :i* h ev] be5 produc$4 ,!y !re=e make a significant epo* 9 col\r-pr9t+1 br++ = ! fir/ "t a high-class col\r-book )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,! illu/rations are by well-kn[n arti/s1 & _! "w has be5 reproduc$ ) ! greate/ accuracy1 :ile ! pr9t+ rea*es an exce$+ly high level4 ,! au?ors h be5 select$ ) great c>e1 & are well kn[n = ! *>m ( _! /yle & ! accuracy ( _! in=mation4 ,,price #a_/f ,,ea* ,,black',s ,,picture ,,s]ies ,,= ,,"y ,,p ,,ea* ,,conta9+ #eh ,,illu/rations1 #cb ,,( ,,:i* ,,are ,,9 ,,col\r ,cr[n #dto41 ) picture 9 col\r on ! cov] ,! ,briti% ,empire 9 ,pictures ,! ,briti% ,isles 9 ,pictures ,by ,h4 ,,clive ,,b>n>d ,europe 9 ,pictures ,m4,a41 ,b4,,litt4 ,h[ ,o!r ,p ,live ,! ,_w 9 ,pictures ,bea/s & ,birds ,,nature ,,books ,,= ,g>d5s 9 _! ,,"y ,,p ,by ,c4 ,,von ,,wyss ,seasons ,pictures ( ,briti% ,hi/ory4 ,by ,e4 ,l4 ,,hoskyn ,! und]ly+ *>m ( ^! fasc9at+ books = *ildr5 w be f\nd 9 _! delightful simplicity4 ,ri* 9 beautifully col\r$ illu/rations1 !y %\ld prove a valuable means ( convey+ to ! *ildi% imag9ation delicate fir/ impressions ( ! subjects dealt )4 ,,price #c_/f ,,net ,,ea* ,,peeps ,,at ,,_m ,,l&s ,,& ,,cities ,l>g] ,volumes 9 ! /yle ( ! popul> ,"o ,%ill+ & ,sixp5ny ,,peeps ,,at ,,_m ,,l&s ,,s]ies 7see page #b ( ?is ,li/7 ,,ea* ,,conta9+ #cb ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,extra l>ge cr[n #hvo41 clo?1 ) picture 9 col\r on cov] ,,! ,,briti% ,,empire ,,oceania ,by ,,frank ,,fox 7,,au/ralia1 ,,new ,,zeal& & ,,s\? ,,seas7 ,by ,,frank ,,fox ,,! ,,f> ,,ea/ ,,! ,,_w 7,,*9a1 ,,japan & ,,korea7 ,by ,,ascott ,r4 ,,hope ,by ,,frank ,,elias ,,price #c_/f ,,net ,by ,rev4 ,,*>les ,a4 ,,hall ,,! ,,op5 ,,book ,,( ,,nature ,a ,,book ,,( ,,nature ,,/udy ,,= ,,"y ,,p #af ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r1 ,,also #aad ,,reproductions ,,9 ,,black ,,& ,,:ite ,,f ,,photographs1 ,,z ,,well ,,z ,,num]\s ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,! ,,text ,l>ge cr[n #hvo41 clo? ,,price #c_/f ,,ea* ,,life ,,/ories ,,( ,,animals ,l>ge cr[n #hvo41 clo? ,,! ,,black ,,be> ,,! ,,lion ,by ,h4 ,,p]ry ,,rob9son ,by ,,agnes ,,h]b]t #h full-page ,illu/rations #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by 9 ,col\r by ,j4 ,,van ,,oort ,,h>ry ,,dixon ,,! ,,cat ,,! ,,rat ,by ,,violet ,,hunt ,by ,g4 ,m4 ,a4 ,,hewett #h full-page ,illu/rations #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by 9 ,col\r by ,,adolph ,,birk5ru? ,,/eph5 ,,baghot ,,de ,,la ,,b]e ,,! ,,dog ,,! ,,squirrel ,by ,g4 ,e4 ,,mitton ,by ,t4 ,c4 ,,bridges #h full-page ,illu/rations #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by 9 ,col\r by ,,john ,,williamson ,,allan ,,/ew>t ,,! ,,f[l ,,! ,,tig] ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,,hur/ ,by ,lieut4-,col4 ,a4 ,f4 ,,mockl]-,,f]ryman #h full-page ,illu/rations #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by 9 ,col\r by ,,allan ,,/ew>t & ,,h>ry ,,dixon ,,maude ,,scriv5] ,,price #c_/f ,,ea* 7,cont9u$7 ,,all ,,) ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,l>ge cr[n #hvo41 clo? ,by ,,frank ,,elias ,,! ,,fir/ ,,voyages ,,( ,,glori\s ,,memory 7,retold f ,hakluyt7 #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,norman ,,wilk9son1 ,r4,b4,a41 ,r4,i4 ,by ,,oliv] ,,goldsmi? ,,! ,,vic> ,,( ,,wakefield #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,j4 ,,massey ,,wright ,by ,,dudley ,,kidd ,,! ,,bull ,,( ,,! ,,kraal ,a ,tale ( ,black ,*ildr5 #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,a4 ,m4 ,,goodall ,by ,,ascott ,r4 ,,hope ,,bea/s ,,( ,,bus9ess #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,g4 ,,v]non ,,/okes & ,,alan ,,wright ,,/ories #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,doro?y ,,furniss ,by ,,daniel ,,defoe ,,rob9son ,,crusoe #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,john ,,williamson ,by ,,capta9 ,,cook ,,cook',s ,,voyages #h full page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,john ,,williamson ,by ,,mungo ,,p>k ,,travels ,,9 ,,africa #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,john ,,williamson ,by ,,elizabe? ,,gri]son ,,! ,,life ( ,,/4 ,,paul ,,= ,,"y ,,p #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,oswald ,,mos]1 ,r4,i4 ,translat$ & abridg$ by ,,dom9ick ,,daly ,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,don ,,quixote #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,/eph5 ,,baghot ,,de ,,la ,,b]e ,by ,,dean ,,f>r> ,,eric2 or1 ,little by ,little #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,g4 ,d4 ,,r[l&son1 & #gh 9 ,black & ,:ite by ,,gordon ,,br[ne ,,/4 ,,w9ifr$',s2 or1 ,! ,_w ( ,s*ool #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,dudley ,,t5nant1 & #aeb 9 ,black & ,:ite by ,,gordon ,,br[ne ,,julian ,,home ,a ,tale ( ,college ,life #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,patt5 ,,wilson ,by ,,john ,,f9nemore ,,! ,,/ory ( ,,rob9 ,,hood ,,& ,,8 ,,m]ry ,,m5 #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,allan ,,/ew>t ,,! ,,wolf ,,patrol ,a ,/ory ( ,bad5-,p[ell's ,boy ,sc\ts #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,h4 ,m4 ,,paget ,,jack ,,haydon',s ,,que/ #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,j4 ,,jellicoe ,,price #c_/f ,,ea* 7,cont9u$7 ,,all ,,) ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,l>ge cr[n #hvo41 clo? ,by ,,hume ,,nisbet ,,! ,,div]s #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ! ,au?or ,by ,lieut4-,col4 ,a4 ,f4 ,,mockl]-,,f]ryman ,,! ,,gold5 ,,girdle #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,allan ,,/ew>t ,by ,,/anley ,,wat]loo ,a ,,tale ,,( ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,! ,,cave ,,m5 #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,simon ,,h>mon ,,v$d] ,by ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,c4 ,,gillie ,,! ,,k9sfolk ,,& ,,fri5ds ,,( ,,jesus #af full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r & ,sepia ,by ,,doro?y ,,s5ior ,,! ,,k+ ,,:o ,,nev] ,,di$ ,tales ( ,k+ ,ar?ur #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,frank ,,watk9s ,by ,,&rew ,,home ,,by ,a ,,s*oolboy',s ,,h& #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,/rickl& ,,br[n ,,f ,,fag ,,to ,,monitor #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,john ,,williamson ,,exil$ ,,f ,,s*ool #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,john ,,williamson ,by ! ,,du*ess ,,( ,,buck+ham ,,& ,,*&os ,,willy ,,w9d1 ,,& ,,jock ,,& ,,! ,,*eeses #eg ,illu/rations by ,j4 ,s4 ,,el& 7#i full-page 9 ,col\r7 ,,price #f_/ ,,ea* ,,all ,,) ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,small squ>e demy #hvo41 clo?1 gilt top ,) ,introduction by ,,john ,,rusk9 ,,grimm',s ,,fairy ,,tales #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,*>les ,j4 ,,folk>d ,by ,sir ,,walt] ,,scott ,,! ,,tales ,,( ,a ,,gr&fa!r #bj full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r ,by ,mrs4 ,,alfr$ ,,sidgwick & ,mrs4 ,,paynt] ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,book ,,( ,,g>d5+ #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,mrs4 ,,cayley-,,rob9son ,by ,,frank ,,f9n1 ,b4,a41 ,f4,z4,s4 ,,talks ,,ab\t ,,birds #cf ,illu/rations 7#af ( :i* are full-page 9 ,col\r7 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,,treg>!n ,,! ,,life ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,fox #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,c\ntess ,,hel5a ,,glei*5 ,by ,miss ,,conway & ,sir ,,m>t9 ,,conway ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,book ,,( ,,art #af full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r f ,public & ,private ,gall]ies ,,price #f_/ ,,ea* 7,cont9u$7 ,,all ,,) ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,small squ>e demy #hvo41 clo?1 gilt top ,by ,g4 ,e4 ,,mitton ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,railway #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,allan ,,/ew>t ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,book ,,( ,,/>s ,preface by ,sir ,,david ,,gill1 ,k4,c4,b4 #af full-page ,illu/rations 7#aa 9 ,col\r7 & #h small] ,figures 9 ! text ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,book ,,( ,,london #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,john ,,williamson ,by ,,elizabe? ,w4 ,,gri]son ,,*ildr5',s ,,tales ,,( ,,engli% ,,m9/]s #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,book ,,( ,,celtic ,,/ories #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,allan ,,/ew>t ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,book ,,( ,,ed9burgh #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,allan ,,/ew>t ,,*ildr5',s ,,tales ,,f ,,scotti% ,,ballads #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,allan ,,/ew>t ,by ,,ascott ,r4 ,,hope ,,adv5tur]s ,,9 ,,am]ica #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,h5ry ,,s&ham1 ,r4,c4,a4 ,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,pun* #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,/eph5 ,,baghot ,,de ,,la ,,b]e ,by ,s4 ,r4 ,,crockett ,,r$ ,,cap ,,tales ,/ol5 f ! ,treasure-,*e/ ( ! ,wiz>d ( ! ,nor? #af full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,simon ,,h>mon ,,v$d] ,,r$ ,,cap ,,adv5tures ,be+ ! ,second ,s]ies ( ,r$ ,cap ,tales ,/ol5 f ! ,treasure-,*e/ ( ! ,wiz>d ( ! ,nor? #af full-page ,illu/rations by ,,allan ,,/ew>t & o!rs ,,gulliv]',s ,,travels #af full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,/eph5 ,,baghot ,,de ,,la ,,b]e ,by ,,john ,,bunyan ,,! ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,g]trude ,,dema9 ,,hammond1 ,r4,i4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,e4 ,,mitton ,,swiss ,,family ,,rob9son #ab full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r by ,,h>ry ,,r\ntree ,by ,,h>riet ,,bee*] ,,/[e ,,uncle ,,tom',s ,,cab9 #h full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r & _m o!rs 9 ! text ,,publi%$ ,,by ,a4 ,,& ,c4 ,,black1 #d1 #e ,,& #f ,,soho ,,squ>e1 ,,london1 ,w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,note repres5ts italic text4 repres5ts bold text4 7,! prices 9 ! ,book ,li/ at ! end 7 9 bold text4 ,z ! symbol us$ to repres5t bold text 9 ! ma9 "p ( ! book 0 ! same z ! 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'bold text' indicator 0 omitt$ f ?is section to avoid conflict47 ,sundry miss+ or damag$ punctuation has be5 repair$4 ,bo? hyph5at$ & non-hyph5at$ v>iants ( _m words occur 9 ?is book4 ,all h be5 reta9$4 ,! book conta9s _m h]aldic t]ms1 d]iv$ f ,fr5*1 ,arabic1 etc4 ,any illu/ration :i* int]rupt$ a p>agraph has be5 mov$ to a m conv5i5t location1 betwe5 p>agraphs4 ,"s *apt]s conta9 _m ,footnotes1 usually m>k$ 99 & on ea* page !y occur4 ,to avoid confusion1 ! ,footnotes h be5 numb]$ sequ5tially )9 ea* *apt]1 & ind5t$ & plac$ bel[ _! relative p>agraph4 ,page #di3 ,! ,leg5ds ( ! ,fleur-de-,lys c be f\nd "h3 7https3_/_/7 travelfranceonl9e4com_/fleur-de-lys-fr5* -mon>*ys-emblem_/ ,page #gd3 'repectively' correct$ to 'respectively'4 ,^! repres5t respectively ! armorial be>+s4444 ,page #ge3 ,"s armorial descriptions use spac$ colons4 ,^! h be5 reta9$ z pr9t$4 ,page #hj3 ',on ! cov] we h ! figure ( a ,crusad] 9 8 mail arm\r1 be>+ on 8 brea/ ! badge ( a r$ cross *>g$ ^u a :ite field4' ,! ,crusad]'s badge w\ld appe> to be some:]e beh9d 8 %ield1 or p]haps "u 8 surcoat4