,a ,*all5ge to ! ,,johns ,,hopk9s ,univ]sity ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,pro(s ,,t ,,! ,,e>? ,,is ,,n ,a ,,globe4 ,d$icat$ to ,,ri*>d ,a4 ,,proctor1 ,esq4 ,! ,greate/ ,a/ronom] ( ! ,age4 ,by ,,wm4 ,,c>p5t]1 ,ref]ee = ,john ,hampd51 ,esq41 9 ! ,celebrat$ ,sci5tific ,wag]1 9 #ahgj2 ,au?or ( ',common ,s5se' on ,a/ronomy1 7,london1 #ahff27 ,proctor's ,planet ,e>?2 ,wallace's ,wond]ful ,wat]2 ,! ,delusion ( ! ,day1 c41 c4 ,,upright1 ,,d[nright1 ,,/raight=w>d4 ,,baltimore3 ,pr9t$ & ,publi%$ by ! ,au?or1 ,no4 #ga ,*ew ,/reet #ahhe4 ,,tw5ty-,,five ,,c5ts4 ,five ,copies1 ,po/age ,paid1 = ,"o ,doll>4 #e? ,edition3 #f? ,?\s&4 ,,index4 #a ,! a]onaut sees = himself4 #b ,/&+ wat] level4 #c ,surveyors' all[ance4 #d ,fl[ ( ,riv]s--! ,nile4 #e ,ligh?\ses--,cape ,hatt]as4 #f ,! sea-%ore4--,com+ up4 #g ,a trip d[n ,*esapeake ,bay4 #h ,! model globe useless4 #i ,! sailor's level *>ts4 #aj ,! m>9]s' compass4 #aa ,! s\!rn circumf]5ce4 #ab ,circumnavigation ( ! ,e>?4 #ac ,m]idians are /raight l9es4 #ad ,p>allels ( latitude--circles4 #ae ,sail+ d[n & und]nea?4 #af ,di/ance r\nd ! ,s\?4 #ag ,levelness requir$ by man4 #ah ,! level ( ! a/ronom]s4 #ai ,half ! globe is cut (f1 n[6 #bj ,no up or d[n 9 nature8 #ba ,! sph]ical lode/one4 #bb ,no falsehoods want$6 #bc ,no pro( ( rotundity4 #bd ,a mo/ complete failure4 #be ,! fir/ ,atlantic ,cable4 #bf ,e>?'s curvature4 #bg ,:i* end goes d[n8 #bh ,a hill ( wat]4 #bi ,*>act]i/ics ( a globe4 #cj ,horizon--level ) ! eye4 #ca ,mu* too small a globe4 #cb ,vani%+ po9t ( objects4 #cc ,we are n fa/5$ on4 #cd ,our antipodes4--a delusion4 #ce ,horizon a level l9e4 #cf ,*esapeake ,bay by night4 #cg ,six mon?s day & night4 #ch ,! ,midnight ,sun4 #ci ,sun moves r\nd ! ,e>?4 #dj ,suez ,canal--#ajj miles--level4 #da ,! true level4--a curve4 #db ,projectiles--fir+ ea/ or we/4 #dc ,bodies ?r[n upw>ds4 #dd ,fir+ 9 opposite direction4 #de ,a/ronom] ,royal ( ,engl&4 #df ,an utt]ly mean+less !ory4 #dg ,pr(essor ,proctor's cyl9d]4 #dh ,proctor's false p]spective4 #di ,motion ( ! cl\ds4 #ej ,scriptural pro(--a plane4 #ea ,! ,/&+ ,ord]4 #eb ,m ice 9 ! s\?4 #ec ,sun's accel]at$ pace1 s\?4 #ed ,balloons n left beh9d4 #ee ,! ,moon's beams are cold4 #ef ,! ,sun & ,moon4 #eg ,n ,e>?'s %ad[ at all4 #eh ,rotat+ & revolv+4 #ei ,proctor's big mi/ake4 #fj ,sun's di/ance f ,e>?4 #fa ,no true measur+-rod4 #fb ,sail+ r\nd a ?+4 #fc ,telescopes--hill ( wat]4 #fd ,! laws ( optics--,glai%]4 #fe ,dwell+ ^u error4 #ff ,ptolemy's pr$ictions4 #fg ,canal 9 ,*9a--#gjj miles4 #fh ,mr4 ,locky]'s false logic4 #fi ,begg>ly alt]natives4 #gj ,mr4 ,locky]'s suppositions4 #ga ,nor? ,/> se5 f ,s4 lat4 #gb ,walls n p>allel6 #gc ,p5dulum exp]im5ts4 #gd ,delightful unc]ta9ty4 #ge ,outrage\s calculations4 #gf ,j4 ,r4 ,"y's ,navigation4 #gg ,tumbl+ ov]4 #gh ,circumnavigation--s\?4 #gi ,a disc--n a sph]e4 #hj ,e>?'s motion unprov54 #ha ,moon's motion ea/ to we/4 #hb ,all on ! wrong track4 #hc ,no m]idianal degrees4 #hd ,depression ( ,nor? ,/>4 #he ,riv]s fl[+ up-hill8 #hf #ajj miles 9 five seconds4 #hg ,mis]able make%ifts4 #hh ,:at holds ! p on4 #hi ,lum9\s objects4 #ij ,practice aga9/ !ory4 #ia ,unsci5tific classification4 #ib ,g4 ,b4 ,airy's suppositions4 #ic ,a/ronom]s give up !ory4 #id ,s*ool-room pro(s false4 #ie ,pictorial pro(--,e>? a plane4 #if ,laws ( p]spective ignor$4 #ig ,rational suppositions4 #ih ,x is ! /> t moves4 #ii ,hair-splitt+ calculation4 #ajj ,h[ "t is lo/ or ga9$4 ,,introduction4 ,p>allax1 ! ,f\nd] ( ! ,zetetic ,philosophy1 is dead2 & x n[ becomes ! duty ( ^?1 especially1 :o knew him p]sonally & :o labor$ ) him 9 ! cause ( ,tru? aga9/ ,error1 to beg91 anew1 ! "w :i* is left 9 _! h&s4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,b4 ,r[bo?am f9i%$ 8 e>?ly lab\rs1 9 ,engl&1 ! c\ntry ( 8 bir?1 ,decemb] #bc1 #ahhd1 at ! age ( #hi4 ,he 01 c]ta9ly1 "o ( ! mo/ gift$ ( m53 & ?\gh 8 lab\rs z a public lectur] 7 conf9$ )9 ! limits ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s 8 publi%$ "w is kn[n all ov] ! _w & is de/9$ to live & be republi%$ :5 books on ! n[ popul> sy/em ( philosophy w be consid]$ 9 no o!r light ?an z bundles ( wa/e pap]4 ,= sev]al ye>s did ,p>allax spread a k ( ! facts :i* =m ! basis ( 8 sy/em )\t ! slighte/ recognition f ! newspap] press until1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahdi1 ! p 7 in=m$ by ! ,wilts ,indep5d5t t lectures _h be5 deliv]$ by a g5tleman adopt+ ! "n ( ',p>allax1' to prove mod]n a/ronomy unreasonable & contradictory1 t great skill 0 %[n by ! lectur]1 & t he prov$ himself to be ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! subject 9 all its be>+s4 ,su* 0 ! beg9n+--! end w n be s easily describ$4 ,! ,tru? w always f9d advocates--m5 :o c>e n a snap ( _! f+]s = ! m]e op9ion ( ! _w1 :atev] =m x may take1 :il/ !y "k t !y are ! ma/]s ( ! situation & t ,reason is ,k+6 ,9 #ahfg1 ,p>allax 0 describ$ z a p>agon ( c\rtesy1 good temp]1 & ma/]ly skill 9 debate4 ,! au?or ( ! foll[+ ha/ily-gott5-up pages is pr\d ( hav+ sp5t _m a pleasant h\r 9 ! company ( ,samuel ,birley ,r[bo?am4 ,a complete sket* ( ! ,zetetic ,philosophy is impossible 9 a small pamphlet2 & _m ?+s necess>ily rema9 unsaid :i*1 p]haps1 %\ld h be5 t\*$ ^u1 b :i* w\ld to "s ext5t h int]f]$ ) ! plan laid d[n--! br++ toge!r1 9 a concise =m1 ,"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is n a ,globe4 ,mu* may be ga!r$1 indirectly1 f ! argum5ts 9 ^! pages1 z to ! real nature ( ! ,e>? on :i* we live & ( ! heav5ly bodies :i* 7 creat$ ,,= ,,u4 ,! read] is reque/$ to be pati5t 9 ?is matt] & n expect a :ole flood ( light to bur/ 9 ^u him at once1 ?r\gh ! d5se cl\ds ( opposition & prejudice :i* hang all ar\nd4 ,old ideas h to be gott5 rid (1 by "s p1 be=e !y c ent]ta9 ! new2 & ?is w especially be ! case 9 ! matt] ( ! ,sun1 ab\t :i* we are taught1 by ,mr4 ,proctor1 z foll[s3 ,! globe ( ! ,sun is s mu* l>g] ?an t ( ! ,e>? t no less ?an #a1bej1jjj globes z l>ge z ! ,e>? w\ld be want$ to make up toge!r a globe z l>ge z ! ,sun4 ,:]eas1 we "k t1 z x is demon/rat$ t ! ,sun moves r\nd ov] ! ,e>?1 its size is proportionately less4 ,we c !n easily und]/& t ,day & ,night1 & ! ,seasons are br\ght ab\t by 8 daily circuits r\nd 9 a c\rse conc5tric ) ! ,nor?1 dim9i%+ 9 _! ext5t to ! end ( ,june1 & increas+ until ! end ( ,decemb]1 ! equatorial region be+ ! area cov]$ by ! ,sun's mean motion4 ,if1 !n1 ^! pages s]ve b to ar\se ! _s ( enquiry1 ! au?or w be satisfi$4 ,! "r h& ( fell[%ip 9 ?is good "w is ext5d$1 9 turn1 to ,mr4 ,j4 ,l9dgr51 #ij ,s\? ,fir/ ,/reet1 ,brooklyn1 ,e4 ,d41 ,n4 ,y41 ,mr4 ,m4 ,c4 ,fl&]s1 lectur]1 ,k5dall1 ,orleans ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y41 & to ,mr4 ,john ,hampd51 editor ( ,p>allax 7a new j\rnal71 ,cosmos ,h\se1 ,balham1 ,surrey1 ,engl&4 ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,pro(s ,,t ,,e>? ,,is ,,n ,a ,,globe4 ,if man uses ! s5ses :i* ,god has giv5 him1 he ga9s k2 if he uses !m n1 he rema9s ignorant4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,proctor1 :o has be5 call$ ! greate/ a/ronom] ( ! age1 says3 ,! ,e>? on :i* we live & move seems to be flat4 ,n[1 he does n mean t x seems to be flat to ! man :o %uts 8 eyes 9 ! face ( nature1 or1 :o is n 9 ! full possession ( 8 s5ses3 no1 b to ! av]age1 common s5se1 wide-awake1 ?9k+ man4 ,he cont9ues3 t is1 ?\gh !re are hills & valleys on its surface1 yet x seems to ext5d on all sides 9 "o & ! same g5]al level4 ,aga91 he says3 ,!re seems no?+ to prev5t u f travell+ z f> z we please 9 any direction t[>ds ! circle all r\nd u1 call$ ! horizon1 :]e ! sky seems to meet ! level ( ! ,e>?4 ,! level ( ! ,e>?6 ,mr4 ,proctor kn[s "r well :at he is talk+ ab\t1 = ! book f :i* we take 8 words1 ,lessons 9 ,elem5t>y ,a/ronomy1 0 writt51 he tells u1 to gu>d ! beg9n] aga9/ ! capti\s objections :i* h f "t to "t be5 urg$ aga9/ accept$ a/ronomical !ories4 ,! ?+s :i* are to be def5d$1 !n1 are ^! accept$ a/ronomical !ories6 ,x is n tru? t is to be def5d$ aga9/ ! assaults ( error--,oh1 no3 simply !ories1 "r or wrong1 because !y h be5 accept$6 ,accept$6 ,:y1 !y h be5 accept$ because x 0 n ?\ght to be wor? :ile to look at !m4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el says3 ,we %all take = grant$1 f ! outset1 ! ,cop]nican sy/em ( ! _w4 ,he did n c>e :e!r x 0 ! "r sy/em or a wrong "o1 or he w\ld n h done t3 he w\ld h look$ into x4 ,b1 =soo?1 ! !ories are accept$1 &1 ( c\rse1 ! m5 :o h accept$ !m are ! m5 :o w naturally def5d !m if !y c4 ,s1 ,ri*>d ,a4 ,proctor tries 8 h&2 & we %all see h[ x fails him4 ,8 book 0 publi%$ )\t any date to x at all4 ,b !re is int]nal evid5ce :i* w fix t matt] closely en\gh4 ,we read ( ! c>ry+ out ( ! exp]im5ts ( ! celebrat$ sci5ti/1 ,alfr$ ,r4 ,wallace1 to prove ! convexity ( ! surface ( /&+ wat]1 :i* exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ 9 ,m>*1 #ahgj1 = ! purpose ( w9n+ ,five ,hundr$ ,p\nds f ,john ,hampd51 ,esq41 ( ,sw9don1 ,engl&1 :o _h wag]$ t sum ^u ! conviction t ! said surface is always a level "o4 ,mr4 ,proctor says3 ,! exp]im5t 0 lately tri$ 9 a v amus+ way4 ,9 or ab\t ! ye> #ahgj1 !n1 ,mr4 ,proctor wrote 8 book2 &1 in/ead ( be+ ignorant ( ! details ( ! exp]im5t1 he knew all ab\t !m4 ,& :e!r ! amus+ "p ( ! bus9ess 0 ! fact t ,mr4 ,wallace wrongfully claim$ ! five-hundr$ p\nds & got x1 or t ,mr4 ,hampd5 0 ! victim ( ! false claim1 x is h>d to say4 ,! way 9 :i* ! exp]im5t 0 c>ri$ out is1 to all int5ts & purposes1 j ! way 9 :i* ,mr4 ,proctor /ates t x c be tri$4 ,he says1 h[ev]1 t ! di/ance involv$ 9 ! exp]im5t %\ld be ?ree or f\r miles4 ,n[1 ,mr4 ,wallace took up six miles 9 8 exp]im5t1 & 0 unable to prove t !re is any curvature1 ?\gh he claim$ ! money & got x2 surely x w\ld be amus+ = anyone to expect to be able to %[ ! curvature ( ! e>? 9 ?ree or f\r miles1 z ,mr4 ,proctor sugge/s6 ,nay1 x is ridicul\s4 ,b ! greate/ a/ronom] ( ! age says ! ?+ c be done6 ,& he gives a diagram3 ,%[+ h[ ! r\ndness ( ! ,e>? c be prov$ by means ( ?ree boats on a l>ge %eet ( wat]4 7,?ree or f\r miles47 ,b1 ?\gh ! accept$ a/ronomical !ories be scatt]$ to ! w9ds1 we *>ge ,mr4 ,proctor ei!r t he has nev] made ! exp]im5t ) ! ?ree boats1 or1 t1 if he has1 ! exp]im5t did ,,n prove :at he says x w4 ,accept$ !ories1 inde$6 ,are !y to be bol/]$ up ) absurdity & falsehood8 ,:y1 if x 7 possible to %[ ! two ends ( a f\r-mile /ret* ( wat] to be on a level1 ) ! c5tre portion ( t wat] bulg$ up1 ! surface ( ! ,e>? w\ld be a s]ies ( f\r-mile curves6 ,b ,mr4 ,proctor says3 ,we c set ?ree boats 9 a l9e on ! wat]1 z at ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 7,fig4 #g74 ,!n1 if equal ma/s are plac$ 9 ^! boats1 & we place a telescope1 z %[n1 s t :5 we look ?r\gh x we see ! tops ( ! ma/s ( ,a & ,c1 we f9d ! top ( ! ma/ ,b is above ! l9e ( sight4 ,n[1 "h is ! po9t3 ,mr4 ,proctor ei!r kn[s or he ought to "k t we %all ,,n f9d any?+ ( ! sort6 ,if he has ev] tri$ ! exp]im5t1 he kn[s t ! ?ree ma/s w range 9 a /raight l9e1 j z common s5se tells u !y w4 ,if he has n tri$ ! exp]im5t1 he %\ld h tri$ x1 or h paid att5tion to ! details ( exp]im5ts by ^? :o h tri$ simil> ones a score ( times & aga94 ,mr4 ,proctor may take ei!r horn ( ! dilemma he pleases3 he is j z wrong z a man c be1 ei!r way4 ,he m5tions no names1 b he says3 ,a p]son _h writt5 a book1 9 :i* he said t he _h tri$ su* an exp]im5t z ! above1 & _h f\nd t ! surface ( ! wat] 0 n curv$4 ,t p]son 0 ,p>allax1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,zetetic ,philosophy4 ,he cont9ues3 ,ano!r p]son seems to h believ$ ! fir/1 & became s c]ta9 t ! ,e>? is flat z to wag] a l>ge sum ( money t if ?ree boats 7 plac$ z 9 ,fig4 #g1 ! middle "o w\ld n be above ! l9e jo9+ ! two o!rs4 ,t p]son 0 ,john ,hampd54 ,&1 says ,mr4 ,proctor1 ,un=tunately = him1 "s "o :o _h m s5se agre$ to take 8 wag]1 &1 ( c\rse1 won 8 money4 ,n[1 ! "s "o :o _h m s5se 0 ,mr4 ,wallace4 ,&1 says ,proctor1 9 cont9uation3 ,he ,hampd58 0 r angry2 & x is a /range ?+ t he 0 n angry ) himself = be+ s fooli%1 or ) ! p]son :o said he _h tri$ ! exp]im5t 7& s l$ him a/ray71 b ) ! p]son :o _h won 8 money6 ,"h1 !n1 we see t ,mr4 ,proctor kn[s bett] ?an to say t ! exp]im5ts conduct$ by ,p>allax 7 ?+s ( ! imag9ation only1 or t a wrong acc\nt _h be5 giv5 ( !m2 & x w\ld be well if he knew bett] ?an to try to make 8 read]s believe t ei!r "o or ! o!r ( ^! ?+s is ! fact3 ,b1 !re is ! ,old ,b$=d ,canal n[2 & !re are t5 ?\s& places :]e ! exp]im5t may be tri$6 ,:o1 !n1 are ! fooli% p3 ^? :o believe ! record ( exp]im5ts made by se>*]s aft] ,tru?1 or ^? :o %ut _! eyes to !m1 ?r[ a d\bt ^u ! record1 *>ge ! conductors ( ! exp]im5ts ) di%one/y1 nev] conduct simil> exp]im5ts !mselves1 & decl>e ! result ( su* exp]im5ts to be s & s1 :5 ! decl>ation c be prov$ to be false by any man1 ) a telescope1 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs8 ,mr4 ,proctor3--,! sph]icity ( ! ,e>? ,,_c be prov$ 9 ! way 9 :i* y tell u x c be6 ,we tell y to take back y\r words & remodel !m on ! basis ( ,tru?4 ,su* c>eless misrepres5tations ( facts are a disgrace to sci5ce--!y are ! disgrace ( !oretical sci5ce to-day6 ,mr4 ,blackie1 9 8 "w on ,self ,culture1 says3 ,all flimsy1 %all[1 & sup]ficial "w1 9 fact1 is a lie1 ( :i* a man ought to be a%am$4 ,t ! ,e>? is an ext5d$ plane1 /ret*$ out 9 all directions away f ! c5tral ,nor?1 ov] :i* hangs1 = ev]1 ! ,nor? ,/>1 is a fact :i* all ! falsehoods t c be br\ght to be> ^u x ) _! dead weight w nev] ov]?r[3 x is ,god's ,tru? ! face ( :i*1 h[ev]1 man has ! p[] to smir* all ov] ) 8 unclean h&s4 ,mr4 ,proctor says3 ,we le>n f a/ronomy t all ^! ideas1 natural ?\gh !y seem1 are mi/ak54 ,man's natural ideas & conclusions & exp]im5tal results are1 !n1 to be ov]?r[n by--:at6 ,by a/ronomy8 ,by a ?+ )\t a s\l--a m]e !oretical ab/raction1 ! outcome ( ! dream]8 ,nev]6 ,! greate/ a/ronom] ( ! age is n ! man1 ev51 :o c s mu* z attempt to manage ! bus9ess4 ,we f9d1 says ,mr4 ,proctor1 t ! ,e>? is n flat1 b a globe2 n fix$1 b 9 v rapid motion2 n mu* l>g] ?an ! moon1 & f> small] ?an ! ,sun & ! great] numb] ( ! />s4 ,fir/1 !n1 ,mr4 ,proctor1 tell u ,,h[ y f9d t ! ,e>? is n flat1 b a globe6 ,x does n matt] t we f9d x s put d[n 9 t conglom]ation ( suppositions :i* y seek to def5d3 ! "q is1 ,:at is ! evid5ce ( x8--:]e c x be obta9$8 ,! ,e>? on :i* we live & move seems to be flat1 y tell u3 :]e1 !n1 is ! mi/ake8 ,if ! ,e>? seem to be :at x is n1 h[ are we to tru/ our s5ses8 ,& if x is said t we _c d s1 are we to believe x1 & cons5t to be put d[n l[] ?an ! brutes8 ,no1 sir3 we *all5ge y1 z we h done _m times be=e1 to produce ! slighte/ evid5ce ( ! ,e>?'s rotundity1 f ! _w ( facts ar\nd y4 ,y h giv5 to u ! /atem5t we h quot$1 & we h ! "r to dem& a pro(2 & if ?is is n =?com+1 we h be=e u ! duty ( d5\nc+ ! absurd dogma z worse ?an an absurdity--z a ,,fraud--& z a fraud t flies 9 ! face ( div9e revelation6 ,well1 !n1 ,mr4 ,proctor1 9 dem&+ a pro( ( ! ,e>?'s rotundity 7or ! frank admission ( y\r errors71 we are tempt$ to taunt y z we tell y t x is utt]ly out ( y\r p[] to produce "o2 & we tell y t y d n d>e ev5 to lift up y\r f+] to po9t u to ! s-call$ pro(s 9 ! s*ool-books ( ! day1 = y "k ! measure ( absurdity ( :i* !y are compos$1 & h[ disgraceful x is to all[ !m to rema9 z false guides ( ! y\?ful m9d6 ,mr4 ,proctor3 we *>ge y t1 :il/ y tea* ! !ory ( ! ,e>?'s rotundity & mobility1 y ,,"k t x is a plane2 & "h is ! gr\nd ( ! *>ge4 ,9 page #g1 9 y\r book1 y give a diagram ( ! surface on :i* we live1 & ! suppos$ globe--! suppos$ holl[ globe--( ! heav5s1 ar*$ ov] ! said surface4 ,n[1 ,mr4 ,proctor1 y picture ! surface on :i* we live 9 exact accordance ) y\r v]bal description4 ,& :at is t description8 ,we %all sc>cely be believ$ :5 we say t we give x j z x /&s3 ,! level ( ! surface on :i* we live4 ,&1 t !re may be no mi/ake ab\t ! mean+ ( ! ^w level1 we rem9d y t y\r diagram proves t ! level t y mean is ! level ( ! me*anic1 a plane surface1 & n ! level ( ! a/ronom]1 :i* is a convex surface6 ,9 %ort1 y\r description ( ! ,e>? is exactly :at y say x seems to be1 &1 yet1 :at y say x is n3 ! v aim ( y\r book be+ to say s6 ,& we call ?is ! pro/itution ( ! pr9t+ press4 ,& x is all ! evid5ce t is necess>y to br+ ! *>ge home to y1 s9ce ! words & ! diagram are 9 page #g ( y\r own book4 ,y "k1 !n1 t ,e>? is a ,plane--& s d we4 ,n[ = ! evid5ce ( ?is gr& fact1 t o!r p may "k x z well z y3 rememb]+1 f fir/ to la/1 t y h n d>$ to br+ =w>d a s+le item f ! mass ( evid5ce :i* is to be f\nd 9 ! ,zetetic ,philosophy1 by ,p>allax1 a "w ! influ5ce ( :i* x 0 ! av[$ object ( y\r own book to cru%6--except t ( ! ?ree boats1 an exp]im5t :i* y h nev] tri$1 & ! result ( :i* has nev] be5 kn[n1 by anyone :o has tri$ x1 to be z y say x is6 #a4 ,! a]onaut c see = himself t ,e>? is a ,plane4 ,! appe>ance pres5t$ to him1 ev5 at ! highe/ elevation he has ev] atta9$1 is t ( a concave surface--?is be+ exactly :at is to be expect$ ( a surface t is truly level1 s9ce x is ! nature ( level surfaces to appe> to rise to a level ) ! eye ( ! obs]v]4 ,?is is ocul> demon/ration & pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #b4 ,:5ev] exp]im5ts h be5 tri$ on ! surface ( /&+ wat]1 ?is surface has always be5 f\nd to be level4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 ! surface ( all /&+ wat] w\ld be convex4 ,?is is an exp]im5tal pro( t ,e>? is n a globe1 #c4 ,surveyors' op]ations 9 ! con/ruction ( railroads1 tunnels1 or canals are conduct$ )\t ! slighte/ all[ance be+ made = curvature1 al?\gh x is taught t ?is s-call$ all[ance is absolutely necess>y6 ,?is is a cutt+ pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #d4 ,!re are riv]s t fl[ = hundr$s ( miles t[>ds ! level ( ! sea )\t fall+ m ?an a few feet--notably1 ! ,nile1 :i*1 9 a ?\s& miles1 falls b a foot4 ,a level expanse ( ?is ext5t is q incompatible ) ! idea ( ! ,e>?'s convexity4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a reasonable pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #e4 ,! lights :i* are exhibit$ 9 ligh?\ses are se5 by navigators at di/ances at :i*1 accord+ to ! scale ( ! suppos$ curvature giv5 by a/ronom]s1 !y ought to be _m hundr$s ( feet1 9 "s cases1 d[n bel[ ! l9e ( sight6 ,= in/ance3 ! light at ,cape ,hatt]as is se5 at su* a di/ance 7#dj miles7 t1 accord+ to !ory1 x ought to be n9e-hundr$ feet high] above ! level ( ! sea ?an x absolutely is1 9 ord] to be visible6 ,?is is a conclusive pro( t !re is no curvature1 on ! surface ( ! sea--! level ( ! sea1--ridicul\s ?\gh x is to be "u ! necessity ( prov+ x at all3 b x is1 nev]!less1 a conclusive pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #f4 ,if we /& on ! s&s ( ! sea-%ore & wat* a %ip approa* u1 we %all f9d t %e w app>5tly rise--to ! ext5t ( h] own height1 no?+ m4 ,if we /& ^u an em95ce1 ! same law op]ates /ill2 & x is b ! law ( p]spective1 :i* causes objects1 z !y approa* u1 to appe> to increase 9 size until we see !m1 close to u1 ! size !y are 9 fact4 ,t !re is no o!r rise ?an ! "o spok5 ( is pla9 f ! fact t1 no matt] h[ high we asc5d above ! level ( ! sea1 ! horizon rises on & /ill on z we rise1 s t x is always on a level ) ! eye1 ?\gh x be two-hundr$ miles away1 z se5 by ,mr4 ,j4 ,glai%]1 ( ,engl&1 f ,mr4 ,coxwell's balloon4 ,s t a %ip five miles away may be imag9$ to be com+ up ! imag9>y d[nw>d curve ( ! ,e>?'s surface1 b if we m]ely asc5d a hill su* z ,f$]al ,hill1 ,baltimore1 we may see tw5ty-five miles away1 on a level ) ! eye--t is1 tw5ty miles level di/ance beyond ! %ip t we va9ly imag9$ to be r\nd+ ! curve1 & com+ up6 ,?is is a pla9 pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #g4 ,if we take a trip d[n ! ,*esapeake ,bay1 9 ! day-"t1 we may see = ourselves ! utt] fallacy ( ! idea t :5 a vessel appe>s hull d[n1 z x is call$1 x is because ! hull is beh9d ! wat]3 =1 vessels h be5 se51 & may (t5 be se5 aga91 pres5t+ ! appe>ance spok5 (1 & away--f> away--beyond ^? vessels1 &1 at ! same mom5t1 ! level %ore l9e1 ) its accompany+ complem5t ( tall trees1 t[]+ up1 9 p]spective1 ov] ! heads ( ! hull-d[n %ips6 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! idea w n /& its gr\nd :5 ! facts rise up aga9/ x1 & x is a piece ( ! popul> !ory1 ! !ory is a contemptible piece ( bus9ess1 & we may easily wr+ f x a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #h4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 a small model globe w\ld be ! v be/--because ! true/--?+ = ! navigator to take to sea ) him4 ,b su* a ?+ z t is n kn[n3 ) su* a toy z a guide1 ! m>9] w\ld wreck 8 %ip1 ( a c]ta9ty6 ,?is is a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #i4 ,z m>9]s take to sea ) !m *>ts con/ruct$ z ?\gh ! sea 7 a level surface1 h[ev] ^! *>ts may err z to ! true =m ( ?is level surface tak5 z a :ole1 x is cle>1 z !y f9d !m answ] _! purpose tol]ably well--& only tol]ably well1 = _m %ips are wreck$ ow+ to ! error ( :i* we speak--t ! surface ( ! sea is z x is tak5 to be1 :e!r ! capta9 ( ! %ip supposes ! ,e>? to be a globe or any?+ else4 ,?us1 !n1 we draw1 f ! common sy/em ( plane sail+1 a practical pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #aj4 ,t ! m>9]s' compass po9ts nor? & s\? at ! same "t is a fact z indisputable z t two & two makes f\r2 b t ?is w\ld be impossible if ! ?+ 7 plac$ on a globe ) nor? & s\? at ! c5tre ( opposite hemisph]es is a fact t does n figure 9 ! s*ool-books1 ?\gh v easily se53 & x requires no l5g?y tra9 ( reason+ to br+ out ( x a po9t$ pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #aa4 ,z ! m>9]s' compass po9ts nor? & s\? at "o "t1 & z ! ,nor?1 to :i* x is attract$1 is t "p ( ! ,e>? situate :]e ! ,nor? ,/> is 9 ! z5i?1 x foll[s t !re is no s\? po9t or pole b t1 :ile ! c5tre is ,nor?1 a va/ circumf]5ce mu/ be ,s\? 9 its :ole ext5t4 ,?is is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ab4 ,z we h se5 t !re is1 really1 no s\? po9t 7or pole7 b an inf9ity ( po9ts =m+1 toge!r1 a va/ circumf]5ce--! b\nd>y ( ! kn[n _w1 ) its battlem5ts ( iceb]gs :i* bid defiance to man's onw>d c\rse 9 a s\!rly direction--s !re c be no ea/ or we/ po9ts1 j z !re is no ye/]day1 & no to-morr[4 ,9 fact1 z !re is "o po9t t is fix$ 7! ,nor?71 x is impossible = any o!r po9t to be fix$ likewise4 ,ea/ & we/ are1 !re=e1 m]ely directions at "r angles ) a nor? & s\? l9e3 & z ! s\? po9t ( ! compass %ifts r\nd to all p>ts ( ! circul> b\nd>y1 7z x may be c>ri$ r\nd ! c5tral ,nor?71 s ! directions ea/ & we/1 cross+ ?is l9e1 cont9u$1 =m a circle1 at any latitude4 ,a we/]ly circumnavigation1 !re=e1 is a go+ r\nd ) ! ,nor? ,/> cont9ually on ! "r h&1 & an ea/]ly circumnavigation is p]=m$ only :5 ! rev]se condition ( ?+s is ma9ta9$1 ! ,nor? ,/> be+ on ! left h& z ! j\rney is made4 ,^! facts1 tak5 toge!r1 =m a beautiful pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ac4 ,z ! m>9]s' compass po9ts nor? & s\? at "o & ! same "t1 & a m]idian is a nor? & s\? l9e1 x foll[s t m]idians c be no o!r ?an /raight l9es4 ,b1 s9ce all m]idians on a globe are semicircles1 x is an incontrov]tible pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ad4 ,p>allels ( latitude only--( all imag9>y l9es on ! surface ( ! ,e>?--are circles1 :i* increase1 progressively1 f ! nor!rn c5tre to ! s\!rn circumf]5ce4 ,! m>9]'s c\rse 9 ! direction ( any "o ( ^! conc5tric circles is 8 longitude1 ! degrees ( :i* ,,increase to su* an ext5t beyond ! equator 7go+ s\?w>ds7 t hundr$s ( vessels h be5 wreck$ because ( ! false idea creat$ by ! untru?fulness ( ! *>ts & ! globul> !ory toge!r1 caus+ ! sailor to be cont9ually gett+ out ( 8 reckon+4 ,) a map ( ! ,e>? 9 its true =m all difficulty is done away )1 & %ips may be conduct$ any:]e ) p]fect safety4 ,?is1 !n1 is a v important practical pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ae4 ,! idea t1 in/ead ( sail+ horizontally r\nd ! ,e>?1 %ips are tak5 d[n "o side ( a globe1 !n und]nea?1 & are br\ght up on ! o!r side to get home aga91 is1 except z a m]e dream1 impossible & absurd6 ,&1 s9ce !re are nei!r impossibilities nor absurdities 9 ! simple matt] ( circumnavigation1 x /&s1 )\t argum5t1 a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #af4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 ! di/ance r\nd its surface at1 say1 #de degrees s\? latitude1 c\ld n possibly be any great] ?an x is at ! same latitude nor?2 b1 s9ce x is f\nd by navigators to be twice ! di/ance--to say ! lea/ ( x--or1 d\ble ! di/ance x ought to be accord+ to ! globul> !ory1 x is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ag4 ,human be+s require a surface on :i* to live t1 9 its g5]al "*1 %all be ,,level2 & s9ce ! ,omnisci5t ,creator mu/ h be5 p]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! requirem5ts ( ,8 creatures1 x foll[s t1 be+ an ,all-wise ,creator1 ,he has met !m ?or\ghly4 ,?is is a !ological pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ah4 ,! be/ possessions ( man are 8 s5ses2 &1 :5 he uses !m all1 he w n be deceiv$ 9 8 survey ( nature4 ,x is only :5 "s "o faculty or o!r is neglect$ or abus$ t he is delud$4 ,e man 9 full comm& ( 8 s5ses kn[s t a level surface is a flat or horizontal "o2 b a/ronom]s tell u t ! true level is ! curv$ surface ( a globe6 ,!y "k t man requires a level surface on :i* to live1 s !y give him "o 9 "n :i* is n "o 9 fact6 ,s9ce ?is is ! be/ t a/ronom]s1 ) _! !oretical sci5ce1 c d = _! fell[ creatures--deceive !m--x is cle> t ?+s are n z !y say !y are2 &1 9 %ort1 x is a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #ai4 ,e man 9 8 s5ses goes ! mo/ reasonable way to "w to d a ?+4 ,n[1 a/ronom]s 7"o aft] ano!r--foll[+ a lead]71 :ile !y are tell+ u t ,e>? is a globe1 are cutt+ (f ! upp] half ( ?is supposititi\s globe 9 _! books1 &1 9 ?is way1 =m+ ! level surface on :i* !y describe man z liv+ & mov+6 ,n[1 if ! ,e>? 7 really a globe1 ?is w\ld be j ! mo/ unreasonable & suicidal mode ( endeavor+ to %[ x4 ,s t1 unless !oretical a/ronom]s are all out ( _! s5ses toge!r1 x is1 cle>ly1 a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #bj4 ,! common s5se ( man tells him--if no?+ else told him--t !re is an up & a d[n 9 nature1 ev5 z reg>ds ! heav5s & ! e>?2 b ! !ory ( mod]n a/ronom]s necessitates ! conclusion t !re is n3 !re=e1 ! !ory ( ! a/ronom]s is oppos$ to common s5se--yes1 & to inspiration--& ?is is a common s5se pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ba4 ,man's exp]i5ce tells him t he is n con/ruct$ l ! flies t c live & move ^u ! ceil+ ( a room ) z mu* safety z on ! floor3 & s9ce ! mod]n !ory ( a planet>y e>? necessitates a cr[d ( !ories to keep company ) x1 & "o ( !m is t m5 are really b\nd to ! e>? by a =ce :i* fa/5s !m to x l ne$les r\nd a sph]ical lode/one1 a !ory p]fectly outrage\s & oppos$ to all human exp]i5ce1 x foll[s t1 unless we c trample ^u common s5se & ignore ! tea*+s ( exp]i5ce1 we h an evid5t pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #bb4 ,god's ,tru? nev]--no1 nev]--requires a falsehood to help x along4 ,mr4 ,proctor1 9 8 ,lessons1 says3 ,m5 h be5 able to g r\nd & r\nd ! ,e>? 9 sev]al directions4 ,n[1 9 ?is case1 ! ^w sev]al w imply m ?an two1 unque/ionably3 :]eas1 x is utt]ly impossible to circumnavigate ! ,e>? 9 any o!r ?an an ea/]ly or a we/]ly direction2 & ! fact is p]fectly consi/5t & cle> 9 its relation to ,e>? z a ,plane4 ,n[1 s9ce a/ronom]s w\ld n be s fooli% z to damage a good cause by misrepres5tation1 x is presumptive evid5ce t _! cause is a bad "o1 &--a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #bc4 ,if a/ronomical works be se>*$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 !re w n be f\nd a s+le in/ance ( a bold1 unhesitat+1 or manly /atem5t respect+ a pro( ( ! ,e>?'s rotundity4 ,proctor speaks ( pro(s :i* s]ve to %[ 444 t ! ,e>? is n flat1 & says t man f9ds reason to ?9k t ! ,e>? is n flat1 & speaks ( c]ta9 matt]s be+ expla9$ by suppos+ t ! ,e>? is a globe2 & says t p h assur$ !mselves t x is a globe2 b he says1 also1 t !re is a mo/ complete pro( t ! ,e>? is a globe3 j z ?\gh any?+ 9 ! _w c\ld possibly be want$ b a pro(--a pro( t proves & settles ! :ole "q4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 all ! money 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury w\ld n buy2 &1 unless ! a/ronom]s are all s ri* t !y don't want ! ca%1 x is a /]l+ pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #bd4 ,:5 a man speaks ( a mo/ complete ?+ among/ sev]al o!r ?+s :i* claim to be :at t ?+ is1 x is evid5t t !y mu/ fall %ort ( some?+ :i* ! mo/ complete ?+ possesses4 ,& :5 x is kn[n t ! mo/ complete ?+ is an entire failure1 x is pla9 t ! o!rs1 all & sundry1 are wor?less4 ,proctor's mo/ complete pro( t ! ,e>? is a globe lies 9 :at he calls ! fact t di/ances f place to place agree ) calculation4 ,b1 s9ce ! di/ance r\nd ! ,e>? at #de degrees s\? ( ! equator is twice ! di/ance x w\ld be on a globe1 x foll[s t :at ! greate/ a/ronom] ( ! age calls a fact is ,,n a fact2 t 8 mo/ complete pro( is a mo/ complete failure2 & t he might z well h told u1 at once1 t he has ,,no ,,pro( to give u at all4 ,n[1 s9ce1 if ! ,e>? be a globe1 !re w\ld1 necess>ily1 be piles ( pro(s ( x all r\nd u1 x foll[s t :5 a/ronom]s1 ) all _! +5uity1 are utt]ly unable to po9t "o out--to say no?+ ab\t pick+ "o up--t !y give u a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #be4 ,! surveyor's plans 9 relation to ! lay+ ( ! fir/ ,atlantic ,telegraph cable1 %[ t 9 #affe miles--f ,val5tia1 ,irel&1 to ,/4 ,john's1 ,newf\ndl&--! surface ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean is a ,,level surface--n ! a/ronom]s' level1 ei!r6 ,! au?oritative draw+s1 publi%$ at ! "t1 are a /&+ evid5ce ( ! fact1 & =m a practical pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #bf4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 x w\ld1 if we take ,val5tia to be ! place ( dep>ture1 curvate d[nw>ds1 9 ! #affe miles across ! ,atlantic to ,newf\ndl&1 accord+ to ! a/ronom]s' own tables1 m ?an ?ree-hundr$ miles2 b1 z ! surface ( ! ,atlantic does n d s--! fact ( its levelness hav+ be5 cle>ly demon/rat$ by ,telegraph ,cable surveyors1--x foll[s t we h a gr& pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #bg4 ,a/ronom]s1 9 _! consid]ation ( ! suppos$ curvature ( ! ,e>?1 h c>efully avoid$ ! tak+ ( t view ( ! "q :i*--if any?+ 7 ne$$ to d s--w\ld %[ its utt] absurdity4 ,x is ?is3--,if1 in/ead ( tak+ our ideal po9t ( dep>ture to be at ,val5tia1 we consid] ourselves at ,/4 ,john's1 ! #affe miles ( wat] betwe5 u & ,val5tia w\ld j z well curvate d[nw>ds z x did 9 ! o!r case6 ,n[1 s9ce ! direction 9 :i* ! ,e>? is said to curvate is int]*angeable--dep5d+1 inde$1 ^u ! position occupi$ by a man ^u its surface--! ?+ is utt]ly absurd2 & x foll[s t ! !ory is an outrage1 & t ! ,e>? does n curvate at all3--an evid5t pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #bh4 ,a/ronom]s are 9 ! habit ( consid]+ two po9ts on ! ,e>?'s surface1 )\t1 x seems1 any limit z to ! di/ance t lies betwe5 !m1 z be+ on a level1 & ! int]v5+ section1 ev5 ?\gh x be an ocean1 z a va/ hill--( wat]6 ,! ,atlantic ocean1 9 tak+ ?is view ( ! matt]1 w\ld =m a hill ( wat] m ?an a hundr$ miles high6 ,! idea is simply mon/r\s1 & c\ld only be ent]ta9$ by sci5ti/s ^: :ole bus9ess is made up ( mat]ials ( ! same description3 & x c]ta9ly requires no argum5t to d$uce1 f su* sci5ce z ?is1 a satisfactory pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #bi4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 x w\ld1 unque/ionably1 h ! same g5]al *>act]i/ics--no matt] its size--z a small globe t may be /ood ^u ! table4 ,z ! small globe has top1 bottom1 & sides1 s mu/ also ! l>ge "o--no matt] h[ l>ge x be4 ,b1 z ! ,e>?1 :i* is suppos$ to be a l>ge globe1 has no sides or bottom z ! small globe has1 ! conclusion is irresi/ible t x is a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #cj4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 an obs]v] :o %\ld asc5d above its surface w\ld h to look d[nw>ds at ! horizon 7if x be possible to conceive ( a horizon at all "u su* circum/ances7 ev5 z a/ronomical diagrams indicate--at angles v>y+ f t5 to ne>ly fifty degrees bel[ ! horizontal l9e ( sight6 7,x is j z absurd z x w\ld be to be taught t :5 we look at a man full 9 ! face we are look+ d[n at 8 feet67 ,b1 z no obs]v] 9 ! cl\ds1 or ^u any em95ce on ! e>?1 has ev] _h to d s1 x foll[s t ! diagrams spok5 ( are imag9>y & false2 t ! !ory :i* requires su* ?+s to prop x up is equally airy & untrue2 & t we h a sub/antial pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #ca4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 x w\ld c]ta9ly h to be z l>ge z x is said to be--tw5ty-five ?\s& miles 9 circumf]5ce4 ,n[1 ! ?+ :i* is call$ a pro( ( ! ,e>?'s r\ndness1 & :i* is pres5t$ to *ildr5 at s*ool1 is1 t if we /& on ! sea-%ore we may see ! %ips1 z !y approa* u1 absolutely com+ up1 & t1 z we are able to see ! highe/ p>ts ( ^! %ips fir/1 x is because ! l[] p>ts are beh9d ! e>?'s curve4 ,n[1 s9ce1 if ?is 7 ! case--t is1 if ! l[] p>ts ( ^! %ips 7 beh9d a hill ( wat] at all--! size ( ! ,e>?1 indicat$ by su* a curve z ?is1 w\ld be s small t x w\ld only be big en\gh to hold ! p ( a p>i%1 if !y c\ld get all r\nd x1 in/ead ( ! nations ( ! _w1 x foll[s t ! idea is prepo/]\s2 t ! appe>ance is due to ano!r & to "s reasonable cause2 & t1 in/ead ( be+ a pro( ( ! globul> =m ( ! ,e>?1 x is a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #cb4 ,x is (t5 said t1 if ! ,e>? 7 flat1 we c\ld see all ov] x6 ,?is is ! result ( ignorance4 ,if we /& on ! level surface ( a pla9 or a prairie1 & take notice1 we %all f9d t ! horizon is =m$ at ab\t ?ree miles all ar\nd u3 t is1 ! gr\nd appe>s to rise up until1 at t di/ance1 x seems on a level ) ! eye-l9e or l9e ( sight4 ,consequ5tly1 objects no high] ?an we /&--say1 six feet--& :i* are at t di/ance 7?ree miles71 h rea*$ ! vani%+ po9t1 & are beyond ! sph]e ( our unaid$ vision4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! hull ( a %ip disappe>s 79 go+ away f u7 be=e ! sails2 &1 in/ead ( !re be+ ab\t x ! fa9te/ %ad[ ( evid5ce ( ! ,e>?'s rotundity1 x is a cle> pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #cc4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 p--except ^? on ! top--w\ld1 c]ta9ly1 h to be fa/5$ to its surface by "s means or o!r1 :e!r by ! attraction ( a/ronom]s or by "s o!r undiscov]$ & undiscov]able process6 ,b1 z we "k t we simply walk on its surface )\t any o!r aid ?an t :i* is necess>y = locomotion on a plane1 x foll[s t we h1 h]e91 a conclusive pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #cd4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 !re c]ta9ly w\ld be--if we c\ld imag9e ! ?+ to be peopl$ all r\nd--antipodes3 p :o1 says ! diction>y1 liv+ exactly on ! opposite side ( ! globe to ourselves1 h _! feet opposite to ours3--p :o are hang+ heads d[nw>ds :il/ we are /&+ heads up6 ,b1 s9ce ! !ory all[s u to travel to ^? p>ts ( ! ,e>? :]e ! p are said to be heads d[nw>ds1 & /ill to fancy ourselves to be heads upw>ds & our fri5ds :om we h left beh9d u to be heads d[nw>ds1 x foll[s t ! :ole ?+ is a my?--a dream--a delusion--& a sn>e2 &1 in/ead ( !re be+ any evid5ce at all 9 ?is direction to sub/antiate ! popul> !ory1 x is a pla9 pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ce4 ,if we exam9e a true picture ( ! di/ant horizon1 or ! ?+ itself1 we %all f9d t x co9cides exactly ) a p]fectly /raight & level l9e4 ,n[1 s9ce !re c\ld be no?+ ( ! k9d on a globe1 & we f9d x to be ! case all ov] ! ,e>?1 x is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #cf4 ,if we take a j\rney d[n ! ,*esapeake ,bay1 by night1 we %all see ! light exhibit$ at ,%>pe's ,isl& = an h\r be=e ! /eam] gets to x4 ,we may take up a position on ! deck s t ! rail ( ! vessel's side w be 9 a l9e ) ! light & 9 ! l9e ( sight2 & we %all f9d t 9 ! :ole j\rney ! light w n v>y 9 ! slighte/ degree 9 its app>5t elevation4 ,b1 say t a di/ance ( ?irte5 miles has be5 trav]s$1 ! a/ronom]s' !ory ( curvature dem&s a diff]5ce 7"o way or ! o!r67 9 ! app>5t elevation ( ! light1 ( #aab feet #h in*es6 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 !re is n a diff]5ce ( #aab hair's bread?s1 we h a pla9 pro( t ! wat] ( ! ,*esapeake ,bay is n curv$1 :i* is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #cg4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 !re w\ld1 v likely1 be 7= nobody kn[s7 six mon?s day & six mon?s night at ! arctic & ant>ctic regions1 z a/ronom]s d>e to ass]t !re is3--= _! !ory dem&s x6 ,b1 z ?is fact--! six mon?s day & six mon?s night--is n[h]e f\nd b 9 ! arctic regions1 x agrees p]fectly ) ev]y?+ else t we "k ab\t ! ,e>? z a plane1 &1 :il/ x ov]?r[s ! accept$ !ory1 x furni%es a /rik+ pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #ch4 ,:5 ! ,sun crosses ! equator1 9 ,m>*1 & beg9s to circle r\nd ! heav5s 9 nor? latitude1 ! inhabitants ( high nor!rn latitudes see him skimm+ r\nd _! horizon & =m+ ! break ( _! long day1 9 a horizontal c\rse1 n disappe>+ aga9 = six mon?s1 z he rises high] & high] 9 ! heav5s :il/ he makes 8 tw5ty-f\r h\r circle until ,june1 :5 he beg9s to desc5d & goes on until he disappe>s beyond ! horizon 9 ,septemb]4 ,?us1 9 ! nor!rn regions1 !y h t :i* ! travell] calls ! midnight ,sun1 z he sees t lum9>y at a "t :51 9 8 m s\!rn latitude1 x is always midnight4 ,if1 !n1 = "o-half ! ye>1 we may see = ourselves ! ,sun mak+ horizontal circles r\nd ! heav5s1 x is presumptive evid5ce t1 = ! o!r half-ye>1 he is do+ ! same1 al?\gh beyond ! b\nd>y ( our vision4 ,?is1 be+ a pro( t ,e>? is a plane1 is1 !re=e1 a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ci4 ,we h abundance ( evid5ce t ! ,sun moves daily r\nd & ov] ! ,e>? 9 circles conc5tric ) ! nor!rn region ov] :i* hangs ! ,nor? ,/>2 b1 s9ce ! !ory ( ! ,e>? be+ a globe is necess>ily connect$ ) ! !ory ( its motion r\nd ! ,sun 9 a ye>ly orbit1 x falls to ! gr\nd :5 we br+ =w>d ! evid5ce ( :i* we speak1 &1 9 s do+1 =ms a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #dj4 ,! ,suez ,canal1 :i* jo9s ! ,r$ ,sea ) ! ,m$it]ranean1 is ab\t "o hundr$ miles long2 x =ms a /raight & level surface ( wat] f "o end to ! o!r2 & no all[ance = any suppos$ curvature 0 made 9 its con/ruction4 ,x is a cle> pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #da4 ,:5 a/ronom]s ass]t t x is necess>y to make all[ance = curvature 9 canal con/ruction1 x is1 ( c\rse1 9 ord] t1 9 _! idea1 a level cutt+ may be _h = ! wat]4 ,h[ flagrantly1 !n1 d !y contradict !mselves :5 !y say t ! curv$ surface ( ! ,e>? is a true level6 ,:at m c !y want = a canal ?an a true level8 ,s9ce !y contradict !mselves 9 su* an elem5t>y po9t z ?is1 x is an evid5ce t ! :ole ?+ is a delusion1 & we h a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #db4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! !ory ( ! ,e>?'s rotundity & t ( its mobility mu/ /& or fall toge!r4 ,a pro(1 !n1 ( its immobility is virtually a pro( ( its non-rotundity4 ,n[1 t ! ,e>? does n move1 ei!r on an axis1 or 9 an orbit r\nd ! ,sun or any?+ else1 is easily prov54 ,if ! ,e>? w5t ?r\gh space at ! rate ( elev5-hundr$ miles 9 a m9ute ( "t1 z a/ronom]s tea* u1 9 a p>ticul> direction1 !re w\ld unque/ionably be a diff]5ce 9 ! result ( fir+ (f a projectile 9 t direction & 9 a direction ! opposite ( t "o4 ,b z1 9 fact1 !re is n ! slighte/ diff]5ce 9 any su* case1 x is cle> t any alleg$ motion ( ! ,e>? is disprov$1 & t1 !re=e1 we h a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #dc4 ,! circum/ances :i* att5d bodies :i* are caus$ m]ely to fall f a great height prove no?+ z to ! motion or /ability ( ! ,e>?1 s9ce ! object1 if x be on a ?+ t is 9 motion1 w p>ticipate 9 t motion2 b1 if an object be ?r[n upw>ds f a body at re/1 &1 aga91 f a body 9 motion1 ! circum/ances att5d+ its desc5t w be v diff]5t4 ,9 ! =m] case1 x w fall1 if ?r[n v]tically upw>ds1 at ! place f :5ce x 0 project$2 9 ! latt] case1 x w fall beh9d--! mov+ body f :i* x is ?r[n w leave x 9 ! re>4 ,n[1 fix a gun1 muzzle upw>ds1 accurately1 9 ! gr\nd2 fire (f a projectile2 & x w fall by ! gun4 ,if ! ,e>? travell$ elev5-hundr$ miles a m9ute1 ! projectile w\ld fall beh9d ! gun1 9 ! opposite direction to t ( ! suppos$ motion4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ?is is ,,n ! case1 9 fact1 ! ,e>?'s fanci$ motion is negativ$1 & we h a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #dd4 ,x is 9 evid5ce t1 if a projectile be fir$ f a rapidly mov+ body 9 an opposite direction to t 9 :i* ! body is go+1 x w fall %ort ( ! di/ance at :i* x w\ld rea* ! gr\nd if fir$ 9 ! direction ( motion4 ,n[1 s9ce ! ,e>? is said to move at ! rate ( n9ete5 miles 9 a second ( "t1 f we/ to ea/1 x w\ld make all ! diff]5ce imag9able if ! gun 7 fir$ 9 an opposite direction4 ,b1 z1 9 practice1 !re is n ! slighte/ diff]5ce1 :i*ev] way ! ?+ may be done1 we h a =cible ov]?r[ ( all fancies relative to ! motion ( ! ,e>?1 & a /rik+ pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #de4 ,! ,a/ronom] ,royal1 ( ,engl&1 ,george ,b4 ,airy1 9 8 celebrat$ "w on ,a/ronomy1 ! ,ipswi* ,lectures1 says3 ,jupit] is a l>ge planet t turns on 8 axis1 & :y d n we turn8 ,( c\rse1 ! common s5se reply is3 ,because ! ,e>? is n a planet6 ,:51 !re=e1 an a/ronom] royal puts words into our m\? :]e) we may ov]?r[ ! suppos$ planet>y nature ( ! ,e>?1 we h n f> to g to pick up a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #df4 ,x has be5 %[n t an ea/]ly or a we/]ly motion is necess>ily a circul> c\rse r\nd ! c5tral ,nor?4 ,! only nor? po9t or c5tre ( motion ( ! heav5ly bodies kn[n to man is t =m$ by ! ,nor? ,/>1 :i* is ov] ! c5tral portion ( ! out/ret*$ ,e>?4 ,:51 !re=e1 a/ronom]s tell u ( a planet tak+ a we/]ly c\rse r\nd ! ,sun1 ! ?+ is z mean+less to !m z x is to u1 unless !y make ! ,sun ! nor!rn c5tre ( ! motion1 :i* !y _c d6 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! motion :i* !y tell u ! planets h is1 on ! face ( x1 absurd2 & s9ce1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! ,e>? c h no absurd motion at all1 x is cle> t x _c be :at a/ronom]s say x is--a planet2 &1 if n a planet1 x is a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #dg4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! fact be+ s pla9ly se51 by ev]yone :o visits ! sea-%ore1 t ! l9e ( ! horizon is a p]fectly /raight l9e1 x becomes impossible = a/ronom]s1 :5 !y attempt to convey1 pictorially1 an idea ( ! ,e>?'s convexity1 to d s ) ev5 a %ad[ ( consi/5cy3 = !y d>e n repres5t ?is horizon z a curv$ l9e1 s well kn[n is x t x is a /raight "o6 ,! greate/ a/ronom] ( ! age1 9 page #ae ( 8 ,lessons1 gives an illu/ration ( a %ip sail+ away1 z ?\gh %e 7 r\nd+ ! top ( a great hill ( wat]2 & !re--( a tru?--is ! /raight & level l9e ( ! horizon cle> along ! top ( ! hill f "o side ( ! picture to ! o!r6 ,n[1 if ?is picture 7 true 9 all its p>ts--& x is outrage\sly false 9 sev]al--x w\ld %[ t ,e>? is a cyl9d]2 = ! hill %[n is simply up "o side ( ! level1 horizontal l9e1 &1 we are l$ to suppose1 d[n ! o!r6 ,s9ce1 !n1 we h su* high au?ority z ,pr(essor ,ri*>d ,a4 ,proctor t ! ,e>? is a cyl9d]1 x is1 c]ta9ly1 a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #dh4 ,9 ,mr4 ,proctor's ,lessons 9 ,a/ronomy1 page #ae1 a %ip is repres5t$ z sail+ away f ! obs]v]1 & x is giv5 9 five positions or di/ances away on its j\rney4 ,n[1 9 its fir/ position1 its ma/ appe>s above ! horizon1 &1 consequ5tly1 high] ?an ! obs]v]'s l9e ( vision4 ,b1 9 its second & ?ird positions1 repres5t+ ! %ip z fur!r & fur!r away1 x is drawn high] & /ill high] up above ! l9e ( ! horizon6 ,n[1 x is utt]ly impossible = a %ip to sail away f an obs]v]1 "u ! conditions indicat$1 & to appe> z giv5 9 ! picture4 ,consequ5tly1 ! picture is a misrepres5tation1 a fraud1 & a disgrace4 ,a %ip />t+ to sail away f an obs]v] ) h] ma/s above 8 l9e ( sight w\ld appe>1 indisputably1 to g d[n & /ill l[] d[n t[>ds ! horizon l9e1 & c\ld n possibly appe>--to anyone ) 8 vision undi/ort$--z go+ 9 any o!r direction1 curv$ or /raight4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! design ( ! a/ronom]-arti/ is to %[ ! ,e>? to be a globe1 & ! po9ts 9 ! picture1 :i* w\ld only prove ! ,e>? to be cyl9drical if true1 are ,,n true1 x foll[s t ! a/ronom]-arti/ fails to prove1 pictorially1 ei!r t ! ,e>? is a globe or a cyl9d]1 & t we h1 !re=e1 a reasonable pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #di4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t cl\ds are cont9ually se5 mov+ 9 all mann] ( directions--yes1 & frequ5tly1 9 diff]5t directions at ! same "t--f we/ to ea/ be+ z frequ5t a direction z any o!r4 ,n[1 if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 revolv+ ?r\gh space f we/ to ea/ at ! rate ( n9ete5 miles 9 a second1 ! cl\ds appe>+ to u to move t[>ds ! ea/ w\ld h to move quick] ?an n9ete5 miles 9 a second to be ?us se52 :il/ ^? :i* appe> to be mov+ 9 ! opposite direction w\ld h no necessity to be mov+ at all1 s9ce ! motion ( ! ,e>? w\ld be m ?an suffici5t to cause ! appe>ance4 ,b x only takes a little common s5se to %[ u t x is ! cl\ds t move j z !y appe> to d1 & t1 !re=e1 ! ,e>? is motionless4 ,we h1 !n1 a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ej4 ,we read 9 ! inspir$ book1 or collection ( books1 call$ ,! ,bible1 no?+ at all ab\t ! ,e>? be+ a globe or a planet1 f beg9n+ to end1 b hundr$s ( allusions !re are 9 its pages :i* c\ld n be made if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 & :i* are1 !re=e1 said by ! a/ronom] to be absurd & contr>y to :at he kn[s to be true6 ,?is is ! gr\ndwork ( mod]n infidelity4 ,b1 s9ce e "o ( _m1 _m allusions to ! ,e>? & ! heav5ly bodies 9 ! ,scriptures c be demon/rat$ to be absolutely true to nature1 & we read ( ! ,e>? be+ /ret*$ out above ! wat]s1 z /&+ 9 ! wat] & out ( ! wat]1 ( its be+ e/abli%$ t x _c be mov$1 we h a /ore f :i* to take all ! pro(s we ne$1 b we w j put d[n "o pro(--! ,scriptural pro(--t ,e>? is n a globe4 #ea4 ,a ,/&+ ,ord] exi/s 9 ! ,engli% ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t t1 9 ! cutt+ ( canals1 c41 ! datum l9e employ$ %all be a horizontal l9e1 :i* %all be ! same ?r\gh\t ! :ole l5g? ( ! "w4 ,n[1 if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 ?is ,ord] c\ld n be c>ri$ out3 b1 x is c>ri$ out3 !re=e1 x is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #eb4 ,x is a well-kn[n & indisputable fact t !re is a f> great] accumulation ( ice s\? ( ! equator ?an is to be f\nd at an equal latitude nor?3 & x is said t at ,k]guel51 #ej degrees s\?1 #ah k9ds ( plants exi/1 :il/1 9 ,icel&1 #ae degrees ne>] ! nor!rn c5tre1 !re are #hgj species2 &1 inde$1 all ! facts 9 ! case %[ t ! ,sun's p[] is less int5se at places 9 ! s\!rn region ?an x is 9 correspond+ latitudes nor?4 ,n[1 on ! ,newtonian hypo!sis1 all ?is is inexplicable1 :il/ x is /rictly 9 accordance ) ! facts br\ght to light by ! c>ry+ out ( ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! ,zetetic ,philosophy ( ,p>allax4 ,?is is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ec4 ,e ye> ! ,sun is z long s\? ( ! equator z he is nor?2 & if ! ,e>? 7 n /ret*$ out z x is1 9 fact1 b turn$ "u1 z ! ,newtonian !ory sugge/s1 x w\ld c]ta9ly get z int5sive a %>e ( ! ,sun's rays s\? z nor?2 b ! ,s\!rn region be+1 9 consequ5ce ( ! fact /at$1 f> m ext5sive ?an ! region ,nor?1 ! ,sun1 hav+ to complete 8 j\rney r\nd e tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 travels quick] z he goes fur!r s\?1 f ,septemb] to ,decemb]1 & 8 influ5ce has less "t 9 :i* to accumulate at any giv5 po9t4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! facts c\ld n be z !y are if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 x is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ed4 ,! a]onaut is able to />t 9 8 balloon & rema9 = h\rs 9 ! air1 at an elevation ( sev]al miles1 & come d[n aga9 9 ! same c\nty or p>i% f :i* he asc5d$4 ,n[1 unless ! ,e>? drag ! balloon along ) x 9 its n9ete5-miles-a-second motion1 x mu/ be left f> beh9d1 9 space3 b1 s9ce balloons h nev] be5 kn[n ?us to be left1 x is a pro( t ! ,e>?1 does n move1 &1 !re=e1 a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ee4 ,! ,newtonian !ory ( a/ronomy requires t ! ,moon borr[ h] light f ! ,sun4 ,n[1 s9ce ! ,sun's rays are hot & ! ,moon's light s5ds ) x no heat at all1 x foll[s t ! ,sun & ,moon are two great lights1 z we some:]e read2 t ! ,newtonian !ory is a mi/ake2 & t1 !re=e1 we h a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ef4 ,! ,sun & ,moon may (t5 be se5 high 9 ! heav5s at ! same "t--! ,sun ris+ 9 ! ea/ & ! ,moon sett+ 9 ! we/--! ,sun's light positively putt+ ! ,moon's light out by %e] contra/6 ,if ! accept$ ,newtonian !ory 7 correct1 & ! ,moon _h h] light f ! ,sun1 %e ought to be gett+ m ( x :5 face to face ) t lum9>y--if x 7 possible = a sph]e to act z a reflector all ov] its face6 ,b z ! ,moon's light pales be=e ! ris+ ,sun1 x is a pro( t ! !ory fails2 & ?is gives u a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #eg4 ,! ,newtonian hypo!sis involves ! necessity ( ! ,sun1 9 ! case ( a lun> eclipse1 be+ on ! opposite side ( a globul> e>?1 to ca/ its %ad[ on ! ,moon3 b1 s9ce eclipses ( ! ,moon h tak5 place ) bo? ! ,sun & ! ,moon above ! horizon1 x foll[s t x _c be ! %ad[ ( ! ,e>? t eclipses ! ,moon2 t ! !ory is a blund]2 & t x is no?+ less ?an a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #eh4 ,a/ronom]s h nev] agre$ among/ !mselves ab\t a rotat+ ,moon revolv+ r\nd a rotat+ & revolv+ ,e>?--?is ,e>?1 ,moon1 planets & _! satellites all1 at ! same "t da%+ ?r\gh space1 ar\nd ! rotat+ & revolv+ ,sun1 t[>ds ! con/ellation ,h]cules1 at ! rate ( f\r millions ( miles a day6 ,& !y nev] w3 agreem5t is impossible6 ,) ! ,e>? a plane & )\t motion1 ! :ole ?+ is cle>4 ,& if a /raw w %[ :i* way ! w9d bl[s1 ?is may be tak5 z a pretty /rong pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ei4 ,mr4 ,proctor says3 ,! ,sun is s f> (f t ev5 mov+ f "o side ( ! ,e>? to ! o!r does n cause him to be se5 9 a diff]5t direction--at lea/ ! diff]5ce is too small to be measur$4 ,n[1 s9ce we "k t nor? ( ! equator1 say #de degrees1 we see ! ,sun at mid-day to ! s\?1 & t at ! same di/ance s\? ( ! equator we see ! ,sun at mid-day to ! nor?1 our v %ad[s on ! gr\nd cry al\d aga9/ ! delusion ( ! day & give u a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #fj4 ,!re is no problem m important to ! a/ronom] ?an t ( ! ,sun's di/ance f ! ,e>?4 ,e *ange 9 ! e/imate *anges ev]y?+4 ,n[1 s9ce mod]n a/ronom]s1 9 _! e/imates ( ?is di/ance1 h gone all ! way along ! l9e ( figures f ?ree millions ( miles to a hundr$ & f\r millions--to-day1 ! di/ance be+ some?+ ov] #ia1jjj1jjj2 x matt]s n h[ mu*3 =1 n _m ye>s ago1 ,mr4 ,h9d gave ! di/ance1 accurately1 z #ie1cgj1jjj6--;x foll[s t !y don't "k1 & t x is fooli% = anyone to expect t !y ev] w "k1 ! ,sun's di/ance6 ,& s9ce all ?is speculation & absurdity is caus$ by ! prim>y assumption t ,e>? is a w&]+1 heav5ly body1 & is all swept away by a k ( ! fact t ,e>? is a plane1 x is a cle> pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #fa4 ,x is pla9 t a !ory ( measurem5ts )\t a measur+-rod is l a %ip )\t a rudd]2 t a measure t is n fix$1 n likely to be fix$1 & nev] has be5 fix$1 =ms no measur+-rod at all2 & t z mod]n !oretical a/ronomy dep5ds ^u ! ,sun's di/ance f ! ,e>? z its measur+-rod1 & ! di/ance is n kn[n1 x is a sy/em ( measurem5ts )\t a measur+-rod--a %ip )\t a rudd]4 ,n[1 s9ce x is n difficult to =esee ! da%+ ( ?is ?+ ^u ! rock on :i* ,zetetic a/ronomy is f\nd$1 x is a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #fb4 ,x is commonly ass]t$ t ! ,e>? mu/ be a globe because p h sail$ r\nd x4 ,n[1 s9ce ?is implies t we c sail r\nd no?+ unless x be a globe1 & ! fact is well kn[n t we c sail r\nd ! ,e>? z a plane1 ! ass]tion is ridicul\s1 & we h ano!r pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #fc4 ,x is a fact n s well kn[n z x ought to be t :5 a %ip1 9 sail+ away f u1 has rea*$ ! po9t at :i* h] hull is lo/ to our unaid$ vision1 a good telescope w re/ore to our view ?is portion ( ! vessel4 ,n[1 s9ce telescopes are n made to enable p to see ?r\gh a hill ( wat]1 x is cle> t ! hulls ( %ips are n beh9d a hill ( wat] :5 !y c be se5 ?r\gh a telescope ?\gh lo/ to our unaid$ vision4 ,?is is a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #fd4 ,mr4 ,glai%]1 9 speak+ ( 8 balloon asc5ds1 says3 ,! horizon always appe>$ on a level ) ! c>4 ,n[1 s9ce we may se>* among/ ! laws ( optics 9 va9 = any pr9ciple t w\ld cause ! surface ( a globe to turn its face upw>ds in/ead ( d[nw>ds1 x is a cle> pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #fe4 ,! ,rev4 ,d4 ,olm/$1 9 describ+ a diagram :i* is suppos$ to repres5t ! ,e>? z a globe1 ) a figure ( a man /ick+ out at ea* side & "o hang+ head d[nw>ds1 says3 ,we %\ld dwell on ?is po9t until x appe>s to u z truly up1--9 ! direction giv5 to ^! figures z x does ) reg>d to a figure :i* he has plac$ on ! top6 ,n[1 a sy/em ( philosophy :i* requires u to d some?+ :i* is1 really1 ! go+ out ( our m9ds1 by dwell+ on an absurdity until we ?9k x is a fact1 _c be a sy/em bas$ on ,god's tru?1 :i* nev] requires any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! popul> !oretical a/ronomy ( ! day requires ?is1 x is evid5t t x is ! wrong ?+1 & t ?is conclusion furni%es u ) a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ff4 ,x is (t5 said t ! pr$ictions ( eclipses prove a/ronom]s to be "r 9 _! !ories4 ,b x is n se5 t ?is proves too mu*4 ,x is well kn[n t ,ptolemy pr$ict$ eclipses = six-hundr$ ye>s1 on ! basis ( a plane ,e>?1 ) z mu* accuracy z !y are pr$ict$ by mod]n obs]v]s4 ,if1 !n1 ! pr$ictions prove ! tru? ( ! p>ticul> !ories curr5t at ! "t1 !y j z well prove "o side ( ! "q z ! o!r1 & enable u to lay claim to a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #fg4 ,sev5-hundr$ miles is said to be ! l5g? ( ! great ,canal1 9 ,*9a4 ,c]ta9 x is t1 :5 ?is canal 0 =m$1 no all[ance 0 made = curvature4 ,yet ! canal is a fact )\t x4 ,?is is a ,*9ese pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #fh4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,n4 ,locky] says3 ,because ! ,sun seems to rise 9 ! ea/ & set 9 ! we/1 ! ,e>? really sp9s 9 ! opposite direction2 t is1 f we/ to ea/4 ,n[1 ?is is no bett] ?an ?\gh we 7 to say--,because a man seems to be com+ up ! /reet1 ! /reet really goes d[n to ! man6 ,& s9ce true sci5ce w\ld conta9 no su* nons5se z ?is1 x foll[s t ! s-call$ sci5ce ( !oretical a/ronomy is n true1 &1 !re=e1 we h a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #fi4 ,mr4 ,locky] says3 ,! appe>ances connect$ ) ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! ,sun & />s may be due ei!r to our e>? be+ at re/ & ! ,sun & />s travell+ r\nd x1 or ! e>? itself turn+ r\nd1 :ile ! ,sun & />s are at re/4 ,n[1 s9ce true sci5ce does n all[ ( any su* begg>ly alt]natives z ^!1 x is pla9 t mod]n !oretical a/ronomy is n true sci5ce1 & t its lead+ dogma is a fallacy4 ,we h1 !n1 a pla9 pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #gj4 ,mr4 ,locky]1 9 describ+ 8 picture ( ! suppos$ pro( ( ! ,e>?'s rotundity by means ( %ips r\nd+ a hill ( wat]1 uses ^! words3--,diagram %[+ h[1 :5 we suppose ! e>? is r\nd1 we expla9 h[ x is t %ips at sea appe> z !y d4 ,?is is utt]ly unwor?y ( ! "n ( ,sci5ce6 ,a sci5ce t beg9s by suppos+1 & ends by expla9+ ! supposition1 is1 f beg9n+ to end1 a m]e f>ce4 ,! m5 :o c d no?+ bett] ?an amuse !mselves 9 ?is way mu/ be d5\nc$ z dream]s only1 & _! lead+ dogma a delusion4 ,?is is a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #ga4 ,! a/ronom]s' !ory ( a globul> ,e>? necessitates ! conclusion t1 if we travel s\? ( ! equator1 to see ! ,nor? ,/> is an impossibility4 ,yet x is well kn[n ?is /> has be5 se5 by navigators :5 !y h be5 m ?an #bj degrees s\? ( ! equator4 ,?is fact1 l hundr$s ( o!r facts1 puts ! !ory to %ame1 & gives u a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #gb4 ,a/ronom]s tell u t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! ,e>?'s rotundity1 ! p]p5dicul> walls ( build+s are1 n[h]e1 p>allel1 & t ev5 ! walls ( h\ses on opposite sides ( a /reet are n /rictly s6 ,b1 s9ce all obs]vation fails to f9d any evid5ce ( ?is want ( p>allelism :i* !ory dem&s1 ! idea mu/ be r5\nc$ z be+ absurd & 9 opposition to all well-kn[n facts4 ,?is is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #gc4 ,a/ronom]s h made exp]im5ts ) p5dulums :i* h be5 susp5d$ f ! int]ior ( high build+s1 & h exult$ ov] ! idea ( be+ able to prove ! rotation ( ! ,e>? on its axis1 by ! v>y+ direction tak5 by ! p5dulum ov] a prep>$ table und]nea?--ass]t+ t ! table mov$ r\nd "u ! p5dulum1 in/ead ( ! p5dulum %ift+ & oscillat+ 9 diff]5t directions ov] ! table6 ,b1 s9ce x has be5 f\nd t1 z (t5 z n1 ! p5dulum w5t r\nd ! wrong way = ! rotation !ory1 *agr9 has tak5 ! place ( exultation1 & we h a pro( ( ! failure ( a/ronom]s 9 _! ef=ts to sub/antiate _! !ory1 &1 !re=e1 a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #gd4 ,z to ! suppos$ motion ( ! :ole ,sol> sy/em 9 space1 ! ,a/ronom] ,royal ( ,engl& once said3 ,! matt] is left 9 a mo/ delightful /ate ( unc]ta9ty1 & ,i %all be v glad if anyone c help u out ( x4 ,b1 s9ce ! :ole ,newtonian s*eme is1 to-day1 9 a mo/ deplorable /ate ( unc]ta9ty--=1 :e!r ! ,moon goes r\nd ! ,e>? or ! ,e>? r\nd ! ,moon has1 = ye>s1 be5 a matt] ( rag+ controv]sy--x foll[s t1 root & bran*1 ! :ole ?+1 is wrong2 &1 all hot f ! rag+ furnace ( philosophical phr5sy1 we f9d a gl[+ pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #ge4 ,consid]ably m ?an a million ,e>?s w\ld be requir$ to make up a body l ! ,sun--! a/ronom]s tell u3 & m ?an #ec1jjj suns w\ld be want$ to equal ! cubic cont5ts ( ! /> ,vega4 ,& ,vega is a small />6 ,& !re are c\ntless millions ( ^! />s6 ,& x takes #cj1jjj1jjj ye>s = ! light ( "s ( ^! />s to rea* u at #ab1jjj1jjj miles 9 a m9ute6 ,&1 says ,mr4 ,proctor1 ,i ?9k a mod]ate e/imate ( ! age ( ! ,e>? w\ld be #ejj1jjj1jjj ye>s6 ,its weight1 says ! same individual1 is #f1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj tons6 ,n[1 s9ce no human be+ is able to compreh5d ^! ?+s1 ! giv+ ( !m to ! _w is an insult--an outrage4 ,& ?\gh !y h all aris5 f ! "o assumption t ,e>? is a planet1 in/ead ( uphold+ ! assumption1 !y drag x d[n by ! weight ( _! own absurdity1 & leave x ly+ 9 ! du/--a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #gf4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,"y1 9 8 "w on ,navigation1 says3 ,al?\gh ! pa? ( ! %ip is on a sph]ical surface1 yet we may repres5t ! l5g? ( ! pa? by a /raight l9e on a plane surface4 7,& plane sail+ is ! rule47 ,n[1 s9ce x is altoge!r impossible to repres5t a curv$ l9e by a /raight "o1 & absurd to make ! attempt1 x foll[s t a /raight l9e repres5ts a /raight l9e & n a curv$ "o4 ,&1 s9ce x is ! surface ( ! wat]s ( ! ocean t is be+ consid]$ by ,mr4 ,"y1 x foll[s t ?is surface is a /raight surface1 & we are indebt$ to ,mr4 ,"y1 a pr(essor ( navigation1 = a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #gg4 ,oh1 b if ! ,e>? is a plane1 we c\ld g to ! edge & tumble ov]6 is a v common ass]tion4 ,?is is a conclusion t is =m$ too ha/ily1 & facts ov]?r[ x4 ,! ,e>? c]ta9ly is1 j :at man by 8 obs]vation f9ds x to be1 & :at ,mr4 ,proctor himself says x seems to be--flat2 & we _c cross ! icy b>ri] :i* surr\nds x4 ,?is is a complete answ] to ! objection1 &1 ( c\rse1 a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #gh4 ,yes1 b we c circumnavigate ! ,s\? easily en\gh1 is (t5 said--by ^? :o don't "k4 ,! ,briti% ,%ip ,*all5g] rec5tly complet$ ! circuit ( ! ,s\!rn region--indirectly1 to be sure--b %e 0 ?ree ye>s ab\t x1 & trav]s$ ne>ly #fi1jjj miles--a /ret* long en\gh to h tak5 h] six times r\nd on ! globul> hypo!sis4 ,?is is a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #gi4 ,! rem>k is common en\gh t we c see ! circle ( ! ,e>? if we cross ! ocean1 & t ?is proves x to be r\nd4 ,n[1 if we tie a donkey to a /ake on a level common1 & he eats ! grass all ar\nd him1 x is only a circul> disc t he has to d )1 n a sph]ical mass4 ,s9ce1 !n1 circul> discs may be se5 any:]e--z well f a balloon 9 ! air z f ! deck ( a %ip1 or f ! /&po9t ( ! donkey1 x is a pro( t ! surface ( ! ,e>? is a plane surface1 &1 !re=e1 a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #hj4 ,x is suppos$1 9 ! regul> c\rse ( ! ,newtonian !ory1 t ! ,e>? is1 9 ,june1 ab\t #aij millions ( miles 7#aij1jjj1jjj7 away f its position 9 ,decemb]4 ,n[1 s9ce we c1 79 middle nor? latitudes71 see ! ,nor? ,/>1 on look+ out ( a w9d[ t faces x--& out ( ! v same corn] ( ! v same pane ( glass 9 ! v same w9d[--all ! ye> r\nd1 x is pro( en\gh = any man 9 8 s5ses t we h made no motion at all4 ,x is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ha4 ,newtonian philosoph]s tea* u t ! ,moon goes r\nd ! ,e>? f we/ to ea/4 ,b obs]vation--man's mo/ c]ta9 mode ( ga9+ k--%[s u t ! ,moon nev] ceases to move 9 ! opposite direction--f ea/ to we/4 ,s9ce1 !n1 we "k t no?+ c possibly move 9 two1 opposite directions at ! same "t1 x is a pro( t ! ?+ is a big blund]2 &1 9 %ort1 x is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #hb4 ,a/ronom]s tell u t ! ,moon goes r\nd ! ,e>? 9 ab\t #bh days4 ,well1 we may see h] mak+ h] j\rney r\nd1 e day1 if we make use ( our eyes--& ^! are ab\t ! be/ ?+s we h to use4 ,! ,moon falls beh9d 9 h] daily motion z comp>$ ) t ( ! ,sun to ! ext5t ( "o revolution 9 ! "t specifi$2 b t is n mak+ a revolution4 ,fail+ to g z fa/ z o!r bodies g 9 "o direction does n con/itute a go+ r\nd 9 ! opposite "o--z ! a/ronom]s w\ld h u believe6 ,&1 s9ce all ?is absurdity has be5 r5d]$ necess>y = no o!r purpose ?an to help o!r absurdities along1 x is cle> t ! a/ronom]s are on ! wrong track2 & x ne$s no long tra9 ( reason+ to %[ t we h a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #hc4 ,x has be5 %[n t m]idians are1 necess>ily1 /raight l9es2 & t x is impossible to travel r\nd ! ,e>? 9 a nor? or s\? direction3 f :i* x foll[s t1 9 ! g5]al acceptation ( ! ^w degree1--! #cfj? "p ( a circle--m]idians h no degrees3 = no "o kn[s any?+ ( a m]idian circle or semicircle1 to be ?us divid$4 ,b a/ronom]s speak ( degrees ( latitude 9 ! same s5se z ^? ( longitude4 ,?is1 !n1 is done by assum+ t to be true :i* is n true4 ,zetetic philosophy does n involve ?is necessity4 ,?is proves t ! basis ( ?is philosophy is a s\nd "o1 &1 9 %ort1 is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #hd4 ,if we move away f an elevat$ object on or ov] a pla9 or a prairie1 ! height ( ! object w app>5tly dim9i% z we d s4 ,n[1 t :i* is suffici5t to produce ?is effect on a small scale is suffici5t on a l>ge "o2 & travell+ away f an elevat$ object1 no matt] h[ high1 ov] a level surface1 no matt] h[ f>1 w cause ! appe>ance 9 "q--! l[]+ ( ! object4 ,our mod]n !oretical a/ronom]s1 h[ev]1 9 ! case ( ! app>5t l[]+ ( ! ,nor? ,/> z we travel s\?w>d1 ass]t t x is evid5ce t ! ,e>? is globul>6 ,b1 z x is cle> t an appe>ance :i* is fully acc\nt$ = on ! basis ( kn[n facts _c be p]mitt$ to figure z evid5ce 9 favor ( t :i* is only a supposition1 x foll[s t we rightfully ord] x to /& d[n1 & make way = a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #he4 ,!re are riv]s :i* fl[ ea/1 we/1 nor?1 & s\?--t is1 riv]s are fl[+ 9 all directions ov] ! ,e>?'s surface1 & at ! same "t4 ,n[1 if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 "s ( ^! riv]s w\ld be fl[+ up-hill & o!rs d[n1 tak+ x = a fact t !re really is an up & a d[n 9 nature1 :atev] =m %e assumes4 ,b1 s9ce riv]s d n fl[ up-hill1 & ! globul> !ory requires t !y %\ld1 x is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #hf4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 a globe1 roll+ & da%+ ?r\gh space at ! rate ( a hundr$ miles 9 five seconds ( "t1 ! wat]s ( seas & oceans c\ld n1 by any kn[n law1 be kept on its surface--! ass]tion t !y c\ld be reta9$ "u ^! circum/ances be+ an outrage ^u human und]/&+ & cr$ulity6 ,b z ! ,e>?--t is1 ! habitable _w ( dry l&--is f\nd to be /&+ out ( ! wat] & 9 ! wat] ( ! mighty deep1 ^: circumf]5tial b\nd>y is ice1 we may ?r[ ! /atem5t back into ! tee? ( ^? :o make x & flaunt be=e _! faces ! flag ( reason & common s5se1 inscrib$ )--a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #hg4 ,! !ory ( a rotat+ & revolv+ e>? dem&s a !ory to keep ! wat] on its surface2 b1 z ! !ory :i* is giv5 = ?is purpose is z mu* oppos$ to all human exp]i5ce z ! "o :i* x is int5d$ to uphold1 x is an illu/ration ( ! mis]able make%ifts to :i* a/ronom]s are compell$ to resort1 & af=ds a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #hh4 ,if we c\ld--aft] our m9ds _h once be5 op5$ to ! light ( ,tru?--conceive ( a globul> body on ! surface ( :i* human be+s c\ld exi/1 ! p[]--no matt] by :at "n x be call$--t w\ld hold !m on w\ld1 !n1 necess>ily1 h to be s con/ra9+ & cog5t t !y c\ld n live2 ! wat]s ( ! oceans w\ld h to be z a solid mass1 = motion w\ld be impossible4 ,b we n only exi/1 b live & move2 & ! wat] ( ! ocean skips & dances l a ?+ ( life & beauty6 ,?is is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #hi4 ,x is well kn[n t ! law regulat+ ! app>5t decrease 9 ! size ( objects z we leave !m 9 ! di/ance 7or z !y leave u7 is v diff]5t ) lum9\s bodies f :at x is 9 ! case ( ^? :i* are non-lum9\s4 ,sail pa/ ! light ( a small lamp 9 a r[-boat on a d>k night1 & x w seem to be no small] :5 a mile (f ?an x 0 :5 close to x4 ,proctor says1 9 speak+ ( ! ,sun3 8 app>5t size does n *ange1--f> (f or ne>4 ,& !n he =gets ! fact6 ,mr4 ,proctor tells u1 subsequ5tly1 t1 if ! travell] goes s f> s\? t ! ,nor? ,/> appe>s on ! horizon1 ! ,sun %\ld !re=e look mu* l>g]--if ! ,e>? 7 a plane6 ,!re=e1 he argues1 ! pa? foll[$ _c h be5 ! /raight c\rse1--b a curv$ "o4 ,n[1 s9ce x is no?+ b common sci5tific trick]y to br+ =w>d1 z an objection to /& 9 ! way ( a plane ,e>?1 ! non-appe>ance ( a ?+ :i* has nev] be5 kn[n to appe> at all1 x foll[s t1 unless t :i* appe>s to be trick]y 7 an accid5t1 x 0 ! only c\rse op5 to ! objector--to trick4 7,mr4 ,proctor1 9 a lett] to ! ,engli% ,me*anic = ,oct4 #bj1 #ahga1 boa/s ( hav+ turn$ a rec5t conv]t to ! ,zetetic philosophy by tell+ him t 8 argum5ts 7 all v good1 b t x seems z ?\gh m>k ! language6 ! sun ought to look n9e times l>g] 9 summ]4 ,& ,mr4 ,proctor concludes ?us3 ,he saw1 inde$1 t1 9 8 fai? 9 ',p>allax1' he _h 'writt5 himself d[n an ass4'7 ,well1 !n3 trick]y or no trick]y on ! "p ( ! objector1 ! objection is a c\nt]feit--a fraud--no valid objection at all2 & x foll[s t ! sy/em :i* does n purge itself ( ^! ?+s is a rott5 sy/em1 & ! sy/em :i* its advocates1 ) ,mr4 ,proctor at _! head1 w\ld cru% if !y c\ld f9d a weapon to use--! ,zetetic philosophy ( ,p>allax--is de/9$ to live6 ,?is is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ij4 ,is wat] level1 or is x n8 0 a "q once ask$ ( an a/ronom]4 ,practically1 yes2 !oretically1 no1 0 ! reply4 ,n[1 :5 !ory does n h>monize ) practice1 ! be/ ?+ to d is to drop ! !ory4 7,x is gett+ too late1 n[1 to say ,s mu* ! worse = ! facts67 ,to drop ! !ory :i* supposes a curv$ surface to /&+ wat] is to ackn[l$ge ! facts :i* =m ! basis ( ,zetetic philosophy4 ,& s9ce ?is w h to be done--soon] or lat]1--x is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ia4 ,by actual obs]vation1 says ,s*o$l]1 9 8 ,book ( ,nature1 we "k t ! o!r heav5ly bodies are sph]ical1 h5ce we unhesitat+ly ass]t t ! e>? is s also4 ,?is is a fair sample ( all a/ronomical reason+4 ,:5 a ?+ is class$ among/ o!r ?+s1 ! lik5ess betwe5 !m mu/ fir/ be prov54 ,x does n take a ,s*o$l] to tell u t heav5ly bodies are sph]ical1 b ! greate/ a/ronom] ( ! age w n1 n[1 d>e to tell u t ,! ,e>? is--& attempt to prove x4 ,n[1 s9ce no lik5ess has ev] be5 prov5 to exi/ betwe5 ! ,e>? & ! heav5ly bodies1 ! classification ( ! ,e>? ) ! heav5ly bodies is premature--unsci5tific--false6 ,?is is a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #ib4 ,!re is no inconsi/5cy 9 suppos+ t ! e>? does move r\nd ! sun1 says ! ,a/ronom] ,royal ( ,engl&4 ,c]ta9ly n1 :5 !oretical a/ronomy is all supposition toge!r6 ,! inconsi/5cy is 9 tea*+ ! _w t ! ?+ suppos$ is a fact4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! motion ( ! ,e>? is supposition only--s9ce1 inde$1 x is necess>y to suppose x at all--x is pla9 t x is a fiction & n a fact2 &1 s9ce mobility & sph]icity /& or fall toge!r1 we h be=e u a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #ic4 ,we h se5 t a/ronom]s--to give u a level surface on :i* to live--h cut (f "o-half ( ! globe 9 a c]ta9 picture 9 _! books4 ,see page #f4 ,n[1 a/ronom]s hav+ done ?is1 "o-half ( ! sub/ance ( _! sph]ical !ory is giv5 up6 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! !ory mu/ /& or fall 9 its entirety1 x has really fall5 :5 ! half is gone4 ,no?+ rema9s1 !n1 b a plane ,e>?1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #id4 ,9 ,cornell's ,geography !re is an ,illu/rat$ pro( ( ! ,=m ( ! ,e>?4 ,a curv$ l9e on :i* is repres5t$ a %ip 9 f\r positions1 z %e sails away f an obs]v]1 is an arc ( #gb degrees1 or "o-fif? ( ! suppos$ circumf]5ce ( ! globe--ab\t #e1jjj miles4 ,t5 su* %ips z ^? :i* are giv5 9 ! picture w\ld rea* ! full l5g? ( ! arc1 mak+ #ejj miles z ! l5g? ( ! %ip4 ,! man1 9 ! picture1 :o is wat*+ ! %ip z %e sails away1 is ab\t #bjj miles high2 & ! t[]1 f :i* he takes an elevat$ view1 at lea/ #ejj miles high4 ,^! are ! proportions1 !n1 ( m51 t[]s1 & %ips :i* are necess>y 9 ord] to see a %ip1 9 h] diff]5t positions1 z %e r\nds ! curve ( ! great hill ( wat] ov] :i* %e is suppos$ to be sail+3 =1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is suppos$ pro( dep5ds ^u l9es & angles ( vision :i*1 if enl>g$1 w\ld /ill reta9 _! *>act]i/ics4 ,n[1 s9ce %ips are n built #ejj miles long1 ) ma/s 9 proportion1 & m5 are n q #bjj miles high1 x is n :at x is said to be--a pro( ( rotundity--b1 ei!r an ignorant f>ce or a cruel piece ( deception4 ,9 %ort1 x is a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ie4 ,9 ,cornell's ,int]m$iate ,geography1 7#ahha7 page #ab1 is an ,illu/ration ( ! ,natural ,divisions ( ,l& & ,wat]4 ,?is illu/ration is s nicely drawn t x af=ds1 at once1 a /rik+ pro( t ,e>? is a plane4 ,x is true to nature1 & be>s ! /amp ( no a/ronom]-arti/4 ,x is a pictorial pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #if4 ,if we ref] to ! diagram 9 ,cornell's ,geography1 page #d1 & notice ! %ip 9 its position ! mo/ remote f ! obs]v]1 we %all f9d t1 ?\gh x is ab\t #d1jjj miles away1 x is ! same size z ! %ip t is ne>e/ to him1 di/ant ab\t #gjj miles6 ,?is is an illu/ration ( ! way 9 :i* a/ronom]s ignore ! laws ( p]spective4 ,?is c\rse is necess>y1 or !y w\ld be compell$ to lay b>e ! fallacy ( _! dogmas4 ,9 %ort1 !re is1 9 ?is matt]1 a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ig4 ,mr4 ,h9d1 ! ,engli% a/ronom]1 says3 ,! simplicity ) :i* ! seasons are expla9$ by ! revolution ( ! ,e>? 9 h] orbit & ! obliquity ( ! ecliptic1 may c]ta9ly be adduc$ z a /rong presumptive pro( ( ! correctness--( ! ,newtonian !ory2 = on no o!r rational suppositions ) respect to ! relations ( ! ,e>? & ,sun1 c ^! & o!r z well-kn[n ph5om5a1 be acc\nt$ =4 ,b1 z true philosophy has no suppositions at all--& has no?+ to d ) suppositions--& ! ph5om5a spok5 ( are ?or\ghly expla9$ by facts1 ! presumptive pro( falls to ! gr\nd1 cov]$ ) ! ridicule x s ri*ly des]ves2 & out ( ! du/ ( ,mr4 ,h9d's rational suppositions we see /&+ be=e u a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #ih4 ,mr4 ,h9d speaks ( ! a/ronom] wat*+ a /> z x is c>ri$ across ! telescope by ! diurnal revolution ( ! ,e>?4 ,n[1 ?is is no?+ b d[nright absurdity4 ,no motion ( ! ,e>? c\ld possibly c>ry a /> across a telescope or any?+ else4 ,if ! /> is c>ri$ across any?+ at all1 x is ! /> t moves1 n ! ?+ across :i* x is c>ri$6 ,besides1 ! idea t ! ,e>?1 if x 7 a globe1 c\ld possibly move 9 an orbit ( ne>ly #fjj1jjj1jjj ( miles ) su* exactitude t ! cross-hairs 9 a telescope fix$ on its surface w\ld appe> to glide g5tly ov] a /> millions ( millions ( miles away is simply mon/r\s2 :]eas1 ) a ,,fix$ telescope1 x matt]s n ! di/ance ( ! />s1 ?\gh we suppose !m to be z f> (f z ! a/ronom] supposes !m to be2 =1 z ,mr4 ,proctor himself says1 ! fur!r away !y are1 ! less !y w seem to %ift4 ,:y1 9 ! "n ( common s5se1 %\ld obs]v]s h to fix _! telescopes on solid /one bases s t !y %\ld n move a hair's-bread?1 if ! ,e>? on :i* !y fix !m move at ! rate ( n9ete5 miles 9 a second8 ,inde$1 to believe t ,mr4 ,proctor's mass ( six ?\s& million million million tons is roll+1 surg+1 fly+1 d>t+ on ?r\gh space = ev] ) a velocity comp>$ ) :i* a %ot f a cannon is a v sl[ coa*1 ) su* un]r+ accuracy t a telescope fix$ on granite pill>s 9 an obs]vatory w n enable a lynx-ey$ a/ronom] to detect a v>iation 9 its onw>d motion ( ! ?\s&? "p ( a hair's-bread? is to conceive a miracle comp>$ ) :i* all ! miracles on record put toge!r w\ld s9k into utt] insignificance4 ,capta9 ,r4 ,j4 ,morrison1 ! late compil] ( ,zadkeil's ,almanac1 says3 ,we decl>e t ?is 'motion' is all m]e 'bo%'2 & t ! argum5ts :i* uphold x are1 :5 exam9$ ) an eye t seeks = ,,tru? only1 m]e nons5se1 & *ildi% absurdity4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ^! absurd !ories are ( no use to m5 9 _! s5ses1 & s9ce !re is no necessity = any?+ ( ! k9d 9 ,zetetic philosophy1 x is a /rong presumptive pro(--z ,mr4 ,h9d w\ld say--t ! ,zetetic philosophy is true1 &1 !re=e1 a pro( t ,e>? is n a globe4 #ii4 ,mr4 ,h9d speaks ( two great ma!maticians diff]+ only fifty-five y>ds 9 _! e/imate ( ! ,e>?'s diamet]4 ,:y1 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 9 8 celebrat$ "w1 cuts (f #dhj miles ( ! same ?+ to get r\nd numb]s6 ,?is is l splitt+ a hair on "o side ( ! head & %av+ all ! hair (f on ! o!r6 ,oh1 sci5ce6 ,c !re be any tru? 9 a sci5ce l ?is8 ,all ! exactitude 9 a/ronomy is 9 ,practical a/ronomy--n ,!oretical4 ,c5turies ( obs]vation h made practical a/ronomy a noble art & sci5ce1 bas$--z we h a ?\s& times prov$ x to be--on a fix$ ,e>?2 & we d5\nce ?is pret5d$ exactitude on "o side & ! reckless indiff]5ce to figures on ! o!r z ! base/ tra%1 & take f x a pro( t ! sci5ce :i* tol]ates x is a false--in/ead ( be+ an exact--sci5ce1 & we h a pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 #ajj4 ,! ,sun1 z he travels r\nd ov] ! surface ( ! ,e>?1 br+s noon to all places on ! successive m]idians :i* he crosses3 8 j\rney be+ made 9 a we/]ly direction1 places ea/ ( ! ,sun's position h _h _! noon1 :il/ places to ! we/ ( ! ,sun's position h /ill to get x4 ,!re=e1 if we travel ea/]ly1 we arrive at ^? p>ts ( ! ,e>? :]e "t is m advanc$1 ! wat* 9 our pocket has to be put on1 or we may be said to ga9 "t4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we travel we/]ly1 we arrive at places :]e x is /ill morn+1 ! wat* has to be put back1 & x may be said t we lose "t4 ,b1 if we travel ea/]ly s z to cross ! #ahj? m]idian1 !re is a loss1 !re1 ( a day1 :i* w neutralize ! ga9 ( a :ole circumnavigation2 &1 if we travel we/]ly1 & cross ! same m]idian1 we exp]i5ce ! ga9 ( a day1 :i* w comp5sate = ! loss dur+ a complete circumnavigation 9 t direction4 ,! fact ( los+ or ga9+ "t 9 sail+ r\nd ! _w1 !n1 in/ead ( be+ evid5ce ( ! ,e>?'s rotundity1 z x is imag9$ to be1 is1 9 its practical exemplification1 an ev]la/+ pro( t ! ,e>? is n a globe4 ,& :at !n8 ,:at !n6 ,no intellig5t man w ask ! "q2 & he :o may be call$ an intellectual man w "k t ! demon/ration ( ! fact t ! ,e>? is n a globe is ! gr&e/ snapp+ ( ! *a9s ( slav]y t ev] took place 9 ! _w ( lit]ature or sci5ce4 ,! floodgates ( human k are op5$ afre% & an impetus is giv5 to inve/igation & discov]y :]e all 0 /agnation1 bewild]m5t & dreams6 ,is x no?+ to "k t infidelity _c /& aga9/ ! mighty ru% ( ! liv+ wat] ( ,tru? t mu/ fl[ on & on until ! _w %all look up once m to ,him t /ret*$ out ! e>? above ! wat]s--to ,him t made great lights3--! ,sun to rule by day--! ,moon & ,/>s to rule by night8 ,is x no?+ to "k & to feel t ! heav5ly bodies 7 made = man1 & t ! mon/r\s dogma ( an inf9ity ( worlds is ov]?r[n = ev]8 ,! old-"t ,engli% ,family ,h]ald1 = ,july #be1 #ahhe1 says1 9 its editorial1 t ,! e>?'s revolution on its own axis 0 d5i$1 aga9/ ,galileo & ,cop]nicus1 by ! :ole weight ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,&1 9 an article on ,! ,pride ( ,ignorance1 too6--! editor n kn[+ t if ! ,e>? _h an axis to call its own--:i* ! ,*ur* well knew x _h n1 &1 !re=e1 c\ld n admit--x w\ld n revolve on x2 & t ! !oretical motion on an axis is t ( rotation1 & n revolution6 ,is x no?+ to "k t ! :ole weight ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 ?r[n 9 ! "r direction1 al?\gh x has sway$ back aga9 l a gigantic p5dulum t w rega9 its old position be=e long8 ,is x no?+ to "k t ! pride ( ignorance is on ! o!r side8 ,is x no?+ to "k t1 ) all ! ,bradlaughs & ,+]solls ( ! _w tell+ u to ! contr>y--,biblical sci5ce is true8 ,is x no?+ to "k t we are liv+ on a body at re/1 & n ^u a heav5ly body :irl+ & da%+ ?r\gh space 9 e conceivable way & ) a velocity utt]ly inconceivable8 ,is x no?+ to "k t we c look /$fa/ly up to ,heav5 in/ead ( hav+ no heav5 to look up to at all8 ,is x no?+1 inde$1 to be 9 ! broad daylight ( ,tru? & to be able to g on t[>ds a possible p]fection1 in/ead ( be+ wrapp$ 9 ! d>kness ( error on ! r\gh ocean ( ,life1 & f9d+ ourselves /r&$ at la/--,god alone kn[s :]e8 ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 ,augu/1 #ahhe4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,! foll[+ lett]s rema9 unansw]$1 at ! "t ( go+ to press1 ,decemb] #g1 #ahhe3-- #ga ,*ew ,/reet1 ,baltimore1 ,nov4 #ba1 #ahhe4 ,r4 ,a4 ,proctor1 ,esq41 ,/4 ,joe1 ,mo4 ,sir3 ,i h s5t y two copies ( my ',"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe1' &1 z sev]al weeks h s9ce elaps$ & ,i h n he>d f y1 ,i write to in=m y t if y h any rem>ks to make conc]n+ t publication1 & w let me h !m 9 ! c\rse ( a week or t5 days1 ,i w pr9t !m--if y say :at y may wi% to say 9 ab\t five or six hundr$ words--9 ! second edition ( ! pamphlet1 :i* w v soon be call$ =4 ,all[ me to say t1 z ?is "w is n only 'd$icat$' to y b attacks y\r tea*+s1 ! public w be look+ = some?+ f y\r p5 v %ortly4 ,i hope !y may n be disappo9t$4 ,y\rs 9 ! cause ( tru?1 ,w4 ,c>p5t]4 #ga ,*ew ,/reet1 ,baltimore1 ,nov4 #bd1 #ahhe4 ,sp5c] ,f4 ,baird1 ,esq41 ,secret>y ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,sir3--,i _h ! pleasure1 sev]al weeks ago1 ( s5d+ y my ',"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe4' ,i hope y receiv$ !m4 ,a second edition is n[ call$ =1 & ,i %\ld e/eem x a favor if y w\ld write me a few words conc]n+ !m t ,i may pr9t ) ?is =?com+ edition z an app5dix to !m4 ,if y ?9k any ( ! ',hundr$ ,pro(s' are uns\nd1 ,i w pr9t all y may h to say ab\t !m1 if n ov] #djj words1 z above /at$4 ,i h made ,ri*>d ,a4 ,proctor1 ,esq41 a simil> (f]1 giv+ him1 ( c\rse1 a little m space4 ,i feel sure t ! v great importance ( ?is matt] w prompt y to give x y\r imm$iate att5tion4 ,i h ! honor to be1 sir1 y\rs s9c]ely1 ,wm4 ,c>p5t]4 ,copies ( ! fir/ edition ( ?is pamphlet h be5 s5t to ! lead+ newspap]s ( ?is c\ntry & ( ,engl&1 & to v _m ( ! mo/ r5[n$ sci5tific m5 ( ! two c\ntries--f ! ,a/ronom] ,royal1 ( ,engl&1 to ,dr4 ,gilman1 ( ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity1 ,baltimore4 ,sev]al copies h be5 s5t to graduates ( diff]5t ,univ]sities1 on application1 9 consequ5ce ( ! subjo9$ adv]tisem5t1 :i* has appe>$ 9 sev]al newspap]s3-- ,,want$4--,a ,s*ol> ( ripe atta9m5ts to review ,c>p5t]'s ',"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe4' ,lib]al remun]ation (f]$4 ,apply to ,wm4 ,c>p5t]1 #ga ,*ew ,/reet1 ,baltimore4 ,n4 ,b4--,no "o ne$ apply :o has n c\rage en\gh to app5d 8 "n to ! ,review = publication4 ,we %\ld be pleas$ to he> f "s ( ! g5tlem5 9 "t = ! ins]tion ( _! c\rage\s attacks 9 ! ,?ird edition6 ,,op9ions ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,?is c only be describ$ z an extraord9>y book4444 ,8 argum5ts are c]ta9ly plausible & +5i\s1 & ev5 ! read] :o does n agree ) him w f9d a s+ul> int]e/ & fasc9ation 9 analyz+ ! '"o hundr$ pro(s4'444 ,! pro(s are set =? 9 brief1 =cible1 compact1 v cle> p>agraphs1 ! mean+ ( :i* c be compreh5d$ at a glance4--,daily ,news1 ,sept4 #bd4 ,?r\gh\t ! entire "w !re are disc]nible traces ( a /rong & reliant m9d1 & su* reliance z c only h be5 acquir$ by unbiass$ obs]vation1 labori\s inve/igation1 & f9al conviction2 & ! ma/]ly h&l+ ( s pr(\nd a !me displays evid5ce ( grave & active rese>*es4 ,!re is no grop+ wildly ab\t 9 ! vagu5ess ( !oretical speculations1 no empty hypo!ses inflat$ ) baseless ass]tions & false illu/rations1 b ! practical & p]spicu\s conclusions ( a m9d emancipat$ f ! prevail+ influ5ces ( fa%ionable cr$5ce & popul> prejudice1 & subord9ate only to ^? pr9ciples emanat+ f reason & common s5se4--,h4 ,d4 ,t41 ,woodb]ry ,news1 ,sept4 #bf1 #ahhe4 ,we d n pr(ess to be able to ov]?r[ any ( 8 ',pro(s4' ,& we mu/ admit1 & our read]s w be incl9$ to d ! same1 t x is c]ta9ly a /range ?+ t ,mr4 ,wm4 ,c>p5t]1 or anyone else1 %\ld be able to br+ toge!r ',"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s' ( any?+ 9 ! _w if t ?+ is n "r1 :ile we keep on ask+ = "o pro(1 t is really a satisfactory "o1 on ! o!r side4 ,if ^! ',hundr$ ,pro(s' are nons5se1 we _c prove !m to be s1 & "s ( our sci5tific m5 _h bett] try _! h&s1 & we ?9k !y w try _! heads pretty badly into ! b>ga94--,! ,woodb]ry ,news1 ,baltimore1 ,sept4 #ai1 #ahhe4 ,?is is a rem>kable pamphlet4 ,! au?or has ! c\rage ( 8 convictions1 & pres5ts !m ) no little +5uity1 h[ev] mu/y !y may appe> to n9ete5? c5tury read]s4 ,he takes = 8 text a /atem5t ( ,pr(4 ,proctor's t ',! ,e>? on :i* we live & move seems to be flat1' & proce$s ) great alacrity to m>%al 8 hundr$ argum5ts 9 pro( t x n only seems b is flat1 'an ext5d$ plane1 /ret*$ out 9 all directions away f ! c5tral ,nor?4' ,he enum]ates all ! reasons (f]$ by sci5ti/s = a belief 9 ! rotundity ( ! e>? & evid5tly to 8 own complete satisfaction refutes !m4 ,he argues t ! heav5ly bodies 7 made solely to light ?is _w1 t ! belief 9 an inf9ity ( worlds is a mon/r\s dogma1 contr>y to ,bible tea*+1 & ! great /ronghold ( ! infidel2 & t ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 "r :5 x ?rew ! :ole weight ( its influ5ce aga9/ ,galileo & ,cop]nicus :5 !y taught ! revolution ( ! e>? on its axis4--,mi*igan ,*ri/ian ,h]ald1 ,oct4 #ae1 #ahhe4 ,s _m pro(s4--,e ,saturday1 ,sept4 #bf1 #ahhe4 ,a highly in/ructive & v ent]ta9+ "w4444 ,! book is well wor? read+4--,protector1 ,baltimore1 ,oct4 #c1 #ahhe4 ,! book w be s\ght aft] & read ) peculi> int]e/4--,baltimore ,labor ,free ,press1 ,oct4 #ag1 #ahhe4 ,"s ( !m ! pro(s are ( suffici5t =ce to dem& an answ] f ! advocates ( ! popul> !ory4--,baltimore ,episcopal ,me?odi/1 ,octob] #bh1 #ahhe4 ,%[+ consid]able sm>tness bo? 9 conception & argum5t4--,we/]n ,*ri/ian ,advocate1 ,c9c9nati1 ,o41 ,oct4 #ba1 #ahhe4 ,=cible & /rik+ 9 ! extreme4--,brooklyn ,m>ket ,j\rnal4 ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 ,decemb] #g1 #ahhe4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,,copy ,,( ,,lett] ,,f ,,ri*>d ,a4 ,,proctor1 ,,esq4 #e ,montague ,/reet1 ,russell ,squ>e1 ,london1 ,w4,c41 #ab ,dec41 #ahhe4 ,w4 ,c>p5t]1 ,esq41 ,baltimore4 ,de> ,sir1--,i am oblig$ to y = ! copy ( y\r ,"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is n a ,globe1 & = ! evid5t k9dness ( y\r int5tion 9 d$icat+ ! "w to me4 ,! only fur!r rem>k x occurs to me to (f] is t ,i call myself r a /ud5t ( a/ronomy ?an an a/ronom]4 ,y\rs fai?fully1 ,,ri*>d ,a4 ,,proctor4 ,p4,s4 ,p]haps ! pamphlet might m precisely be call$ ,"o hundr$ difficulties = "y /ud5ts ( a/ronomy4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,f\r? ,,edition4 ,,copy ,,( ,,lett] ,,f ,,sp5c] ,f4 ,,baird1 ,,esq4 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,jan4 #f1 #ahhf4 ,de> ,sir1--,a copy ( y\r ,"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is n a globe 0 duly receiv$1 & 0 deposit$ 9 ,libr>y ( ,congress ,octob] #h1 #ahhd4 #ahhe ,a pressure ( mu* m important "w has prev5t$ any attempt at review+ ^! hundr$ pro(s3--:i* h[ev] h d\btless be5 ?or\ghly inve/igat$ by ! inquisitive a/ronom]s & geodesi/s ( ! la/ f\r c5turies4 ,y\rs v respectfully1 ,,sp5c] ,f4 ,,baird1 ,secret>y ,s4 ,i4 ,mr4 ,william ,c>p5t]1 #ga1 ,*ew ,/reet1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,copy ( a lett] f "o ( ! sev]al applicants = ! ,"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s = ! purpose ( review+ !m4 ,! writ] is ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics at ! ,high ,s*ool1 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y41 &1 9 8 application = ! pamphlet1 says3 ,am a ,yale graduate & a ,yale ,law ,s*ool man3 took ! ,john ,a4 ,port] ,prize 7lit]>y7 7#bej7 at ,yale ,college4 ,auburn1 ,dec4 #aj?1 #ahhe4 ,my ,de> ,sir3 ,y\r treatise 0 receiv$4 ,i h look$ x ov] & not$ x some:at4 ,a review ( x to d x ju/ice w\ld be a some:at long & labori\s task4 ,be=e ,i und]took s mu* ?\ght ,i w\ld write & ask ,:at & h[ mu* y expect3 h[ elaborately y wi%$ x discuss$3 & :at remun]ation might be expect$4 ,x sets =? _m new & /range doctr9es :i* w\ld h to be ?or\ghly discuss$ & ma/]$ be=e review$4 ,i am h>d at "w at pres5t b w\ld l to tackle ?is if x w\ld be = my int]e/ z well z y\rs4 ,hope y w let me "k v soon4 ,v respectfully1 ,to ,mr4 ,w4 ,c>p5t]1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,,frank ,,/rong4 ,,note4--,unless a man be will+ to sell 8 s\l = 8 suppos$ worldly int]e/1 he w n d>e to tackle ! ,"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe4 ,no man ) well-balanc$ faculties w ?us condemn himself4 ,we *>ge ! ma!maticians ( ! _w t1 if !y _c say :at !y ?9k ( ?is pamphlet 9 a doz5 words1 !y are entitl$ to no o!r "n ?an--c[>ds6 ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&1 ,may #bb1 #ahhf4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,! ,,fif? ,,edition4 ,editorial f ! ,new ,york ,_w1 ( ,augu/ #b1 #ahhf3-- ,,! ,,e>? ,,is ,,flat4 ,! iconocla/ic t5d5cies ( ! age h receiv$ new impetus f ,mr4 ,william ,c>p5t]1 :o comes =w>d ) "o hundr$ pro(s t ! e>? is n a globe4 ,x w be a sad %ock to _m cons]vatives :o h s9ce _! *ildhood fondly held to ! conviction t ! e>? is r\nd l an orange1 a little flatt5$ at ! poles4 ,to f9d t1 aft] all1 we h be5 liv+ all ^! ye>s on a prosaic & unromantic plane is f> f satisfactory4 ,we h r glori$ 9 ! belief t ! semi-b>b>\s nations on ! o!r side ( ! e>? did n c>ry _! heads 9 ! same direction 9 :i* ours po9t4 ,x is h>d to accept ! ass]tion t ! cannibals on savage isl&s are walk+ ab\t on ! same level ) ! civiliz$ nations ( our little _w4 ,b ,mr4 ,c>p5t] has "o hundr$ pro(s t su* is ! unsatisfactory tru?4 ,n only t1 b ! iconocla/ claims t we are n :irl+ ?r\gh space at a t]rible rate1 b are absolutely /ation>y4 ,"s probability is giv5 to ?is proposition by ! pres5t hot wea!r4 ,! e>? seems to be becalm$4 ,if x 7 mov+ at ! rate ( n9ete5 miles a second w\ldn't !re be a breeze8 ,?is "q is ?r[n out z p]haps (f]+ ! "o hundr$ & fir/ pro( t ! e>? is n a globe4 ,mr4 ,c>p5t] may obta9 ! pro( 9 detail at ! (fice at our usual rates4 ,a revolution w1 ( c\rse1 take place 9 ! s*ool geographies z soon z ,mr4 ,c>p5t]'s !ories h be5 closely /udi$4 ,no long] w ! little boy answ] ! "q z to ! %ape ( ! e>? by ! answ] :i* has come r++ d[n ! ages1 ,x's r\nd l a ball1 sir4 ,no4 ,he'll h to use ! unpoetic =mula1 ,x's flat l a pancake1 sir4 ,b1 p]haps1 aft] we h become us$ to ! new idea x w n be unpleasant4 ,! anci5ts fl\ri%$ 9 ! belief t ! e>? 0 a great plane4 ,:y %\ldn't we be equally =tunate8 ,x may be romantic b x is n especially com=t+ to ?9k t ! e>? is ru%+ ?r\gh space twi/+ & curv+ l a gigantic ball deliv]$ f ! h& ( an enorm\s pit*]4 ,some?+ 9 ! univ]se might make a base hit if we kept on & we w\ld be knock$ ov] an a]ial f5ce & nev] f\nd4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 x is saf] to live on ,mr4 ,c>p5t]'s /ation>y plane4 ,! ,record1 ( ,philadelphia1 ,june #e1 #ahhf1 has ! foll[+1 9 ! ,lit]>y ,notes3--,"u ! title ,"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe1 ,mr4 ,william ,c>p5t]1 ( ,baltimore1 publi%es a pamphlet :i* is int]e/+ on acc\nt ( ! orig9ality ( ! views advanc$1 &1 f 8 /&po9t1 ! v logical mann] 9 :i* he seeks to e/abli% _! tru?4 ,mr4 ,c>p5t] is a disciple ( :at is call$ ! ,zetetic s*ool ( philosophy1 & 0 ref]ee = ,mr4 ,john ,hampd5 :5 t g5tleman1 9 #ahgj1 made a wag] ) ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,r4 ,wallace1 ( ,engl&1 t ! surface ( /&+ wat] is always level1 & !re=e t ! e>? is flat4 ,s9ce !n he has combat$ 8 views ) mu* e>ne/ness1 bo? 9 writ+ & on ! plat=m1 &1 :atev] op9ions we may h on ! subject1 a p]usal ( 8 little book w prove int]e/+ & af=d room = c>eful /udy4 ,! motto :i* he puts on ! cov]--',upright1 ,d[nright1 ,/raight=w>d'--is well *os51 = x is an upright lie1 a d[nright inv5tion1 & a /raight=w>d butt ( a bull at a locomotive4--,! ,florida ,times ,union1 ,dec4 #ac1 #ahhe4 ,editor1 ,*>les ,h4 ,jones4 ,pray1 ,mr4 ,jones1 tell u :at y mean by an upright lie466 ,we h receiv$ a pamphlet f a g5tleman :o ?9ks to prove t ! e>? is flat1 b :o succe$s only 9 %[+ t he is himself "o4--,new ,york ,h]ald1 ,dec4 #ai1 #ahhe4 ,! review]1 9 ?is case1 is1 no d\bt1 a v %>p man1 b 8 hone/y--if he h any at all--is jagg$ & worn out4 ,! quotations :i* he gives are fraudul5t1 !re be+ no?+ l !m 9 ! pamphlet4 ,! au?or ( ! pamphlet is no 'flat1' ?\gh he may p]haps be call$ a 'crank4'--,/4 ,ca?>9es 7,c47 ,ev5+ ,j\r41 ,dec4 #bc4 ,to say t ! cont5ts ( ! book are erudite & ent]ta9+ does n d ,mr4 ,c>p5t]'s a/ronomical ability half cr$it4--,! ,sunday ,tru?1 ,buffalo1 ,dec4 #bg1 #ahhe4 ,! entire "w is v +5i\sly gott5 up4444 ,! matt] ( p]spective is treat$ 9 a v clev] mann]1 & ! com+ up ( 'hull-d[n' vessels on ! horizon is illu/rat$ by sev]al well-word$ examples4--,buffalo ,times1 ,dec4 #bh1 #ahhe4 ,! erudite au?or1 :o travels arm$ ) plans & specifications to fire at ! skeptical at a mom5t's notice1 feels t he is do+ a good "w1 & t 8 hundr$ anti-globul> conclusions mu/ c]ta9ly knock ! g5]al belief 9 t]ritorial rotundity out ( "t4444 ,we tru/ t ! di/+ui%$ au?or :o has fail$ to coax ,ri*>d ,proctor into a public discussion may f9d z _m citiz5s will+ to inve/ two %ill+s 9 8 peculi> lit]ature z he des]ves4--,buffalo ,c\ri]1 ,dec4 #bg1 #ahhe1 & ,jan4 #a1 #ahhf4 ,x is a pleasure n[ to see a man ( ,mr4 ,c>p5t]'s atta9m5ts fall into l9e & take up ! cudgels aga9/ ! !ories ( ! sci5ti/s :o h taught ?is p]nici\s doctr9e ! sph]icity ( ! e>?4--,ro*e/] ,morn+ ,h]ald1 ,jan4 #ac1 #ahhf4 ,z ! game /&s n[1 !re is '"o horse' = ,pr(4 ,c>p5t]4--,buffalo ,_w1 ,jan4 #af1 #ahhf4 ,x is int]e/+ to %[ h[ mu* c be said 9 favor ( ! flat _w !ory4444 ,x is fairly well writt51 al?\gh1 we believe fill$ ) mis/atem5ts ( facts4--,ro*e/] ,democrat & ,*ronicle1 ,jan4 #ag1 #ahhf4 ,we believe ! editor _c po9t "o out4 ,x is c]ta9ly wor? twice ! price1 & w be read by all ) peculi> int]e/4--,scranton ,tru?1 ,m>* #h1 #ahhf4 ,mr4 ,william ,c>p5t] has come to ,wa%+ton ) a hundr$ pro(s t ! e>? is n a globe4 ,he has a pamphlet on ! subject :i* is +5i\s1 to say ! lea/1 & he is om9\sly eag] to discuss ! matt] ) any "o :o /ill cl+s to ! absurd prejudices ( ! a/ronom]s4--,! ,hat*et1 ,may #i1 #ahhf4 ,x conta9s "s curi\s problems = solution1 & ! au?or boldly ass]ts t until !y are solv$ ! globul> !ory ( ! e>? rema9s unprov51 & is fallaci\s1 c4--,! ,presbyt]ian1 ,philadelphia1 ,june #ai1 #ahhf4 ,8 reason+ is1 to say ! lea/1 plausible1 & ! book int]e/+4--,! ,item1 ,philadelphia1 ,june #aj1 #ahhf4 ,mr4 ,c>p5t] seems to h made a ?or\gh inve/igation ( ! subject1 & 8 argum5ts are practical & to ! po9t4--,sunday ,m]cury1 ,philadelphia1 ,june #ac1 #ahhf4 ,a g5tleman has j call$ at ! editorial rooms ) a pamphlet :i* is design$ to demon/rate t ! e>? is n a globe1 b a flat disk2 he also laid be=e u a *>t f :i* x pla9ly appe>$ t ! e>? is a circul> expanse ( l&1 ) ! nor? pole 9 ! exact c5t]1 & ! ,ant>ctic ,sea fl[+ all ar\nd ! l&4444 ,we w5t on to /ate t we lodg$ ! c>e ( all a/ronomical que/ions 9 ! h&s ( ,rev4 ,r4 ,m4 ,lu!r1 to :om ^! p]plex+ matt]s are b z *ild's play4444 ,our read]s may1 !re=e1 expect at an e>ly date a judicial view ( ! a/ronomical & cosmological situation4--,national ,bapti/1 ,philadelphia1 ,july #h1 #ahhf4 ,editor1 ,dr4 ,wayl&4 ,we hope t ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,m4 ,lu!r w give u ! means ( publi%+ 8 decision be=e _m m editions ( ! ,hundr$ ,pro(s be issu$4 ,we are afraid t he f9ds ! bus9ess mu* m ?an *ild's play4 ',"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe1' by ,william ,c>p5t]1 is publi%$ by ! au?or1 ^: novel & r />tl+ position is c]ta9ly =tifi$ by a numb] ( argum5tative po9ts1 :i*1 if !y d n %ake ! read]'s preconceiv$ notions on ! subject1 w1 at lea/1 be f\nd ent]ta9+ = ! /yle 9 :i* !y are put4--,ev5+ ,/>1 ,philadelphia1 ,july #bb1 #ahhf4 ,8 ',pro(s' g a long way t[>ds conv9c+ _m t 8 ideas on ! subject are practical & s5sible4--,fa%ion ,j\rnal1 ,philadelphia1 ,july1 #ahhf4 ,editor1 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,e4 ,b5$ict4 ',"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe' is a curi\s little pamphlet t we c comm5d to all int]e/$ 9 a/ronomy & relat$ sci5ces4 ,x may n upset receiv$ notions on ! subject1 b w give cause = mu* s]i\s reflection4 ,publi%$ by ! au?or1 ,wm4 ,c>p5t]1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,price #be c5ts4--,! ,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/1 ,philadelphia1 ,july #ca1 #ahhf4 ,"h n[ is an able ?9k] ( ,baltimore1 ,pr(essor ,william ,c>p5t]1 :o pres5ts ! claims ( ! ,zetetic philosophy to be consid]$ ! lead+ issue ( our times4444 ,"o ( ! great pro(s ( ! tru? ( ! philosophy is t ! regul> a/ronom]s d n d>e to ga9say x4444 ,!y are well aw>e !re is no ,s\? pole4444 ,pr(4 ,c>p5t]1 9 a treatise t has rea*$ u1 furni%es #ajj pro(s t ! e>? is flat1 & :ile we _c say t we und]/& all ( !m we appreciate ! e>ne/ness ( 8 appeals to ! moral p ( ! community to rise up & ov]?r[ ! mis]able sy/em ( error t is be+ =c$ ^u our *ildr5 9 ! public s*ools1 vitiat+ ! v f\ndations ( k4 ,:at issue c be m noble or inspir+ ?an ,tru? vs4 ,error8 ,"h is an issue on :i* !re c be no trifl+ or compromise4 ,9 ! great conte/ betwe5 ^? :o hold ! e>? is flat & !y :o cont5d t x is r\nd1 let ! flats ass]t !mselves4--,milwaukee ,s5t9el1 ,aug41 #ahhf4 ,f a long article1 ,! ,great ,zetetic ,issue4 ,,lett]s ,,to ,,pr(essor ,,gilman1 ,,( ,,! ,,johns ,,hopk9s ,,univ]sity4 #ga ,*ew ,/reet1 ,baltimore1 ,septemb] #aj1 #ahhf4 ,pr(4 ,gilman1 ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity--,sir3 ,on ! #ba/ ultimo ,i wrote to ask y if y receiv$ ! pamphlet1 :i* ,i left = y at ! ,univ]sity twelve mon?s ago1 entitl$ ,"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe1 &1 if s1 t y w\ld k9dly give me y\r op9ion conc]n+ x4 ,i write1 n[1 to ask y if y receiv$ my lett]4 ,i am q sure t y w consid] t ! importance ( ! subject fully w>rants ! endeavor on my "p to ga9 ! views :i* may be ent]ta9$ by y respect+ x4 ,! fif? edition w soon be call$ =1 & any?+ y may urge--= or aga9/--,i %all be happy to ins]t 9 ! app5dix4 ,i s5d1 h]e)1 a copy ( ! f\r? edition ( ! pamphlet4 ,y\rs s9c]ely1 ,william ,c>p5t]4 #ga ,*ew ,/reet1 ,baltimore1 ,octob] #g1 #ahhf4 ,pr(essor ,gilman--,de> ,sir3 ,i am n[ prep>+ ! app5dix = ! fif? edition ( my ,"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe1 & ,i %\ld be glad to receive y\r op9ion ( ?is "w to ins]t 9 ! said app5dix4 ,i c (f] y f a few l9es to a page1 or two if necess>y4 ,( c\rse1 if ?is "w z a :ole be a fraud1 x mu/ be fraudul5t 9 all its p>ts2 & ea* "o ( ! hundr$ pro(s mu/ conta9 a fallacy ( "s k9d or o!r1 & ! ?+ w\ld ju/ify y\r disapprobation--express$ 9 few words or _m4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! "w is :at x pr(esses to be1 x w c]ta9ly claim y\r approval4 ,y\rs s9c]ely1 ,w4 ,c>p5t]4 #ga ,*ew ,/reet1 ,baltimore1 ,octob] #ad1 #ahhf4 ,pr(4 ,gilman--,de> ,sir3 ,a week ago ,i wrote y a lett] to tell y t ,i %\ld be glad to receive y\r op9ion ( ! ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe1 ( :i* "w #e1jjj copies are n[ 9 circulation4 ,i wrote ?is "w 7#bf pages7 9 "o week1 )\t neglect+ my daily bus9ess3 surely1 y c reply to x 9 a week f ?is "t4 ,i w give y f "o to f\r pages1 if y wi% t am\nt ( space1 & s5d y fifty copies1 if y desire to h !m1 )\t putt+ y to ! slighte/ exp5se4 ,i w ev5 take any sugge/ion y please to make z to ! title :i* %all be giv5 to ?is extra edition ( my "w conta9+ y\r reply or op9ions4 ,i %\ld be sorry to be "u ! necessity ( pr9t+ ?is lett]1 ) o!rs1 9 my next edition1 9 ! place ( any su* reply or expression ( op9ion2 = ,i feel sure !re is no "o 9 ,baltimore :o is m capable ( giv+ an op9ion on ?is great subject4 ,tru/+ to he> f y 9 a few days1 ,i am1 ,de> ,sir1 ,y\rs truly1 ,william ,c>p5t]4 #ga ,*ew ,/reet1 ,baltimore1 ,octob] #bb1 #ahhf4 ,pr(4 ,gilman--,sir3 ,?is is ! fif? lett]--& ! la/--to y1 ask+ y = an expression ( y\r op9ion conc]n+ ! ,"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe4 ,:i* w\ld y pref]--to see my words1 or y\rs1 9 pr9t8 ,i give y a week 9 :i* to decide4 ,truly1 ,william ,c>p5t]4 ,,! ,,johns ,,hopk9s ,,univ]sity1 ,,( ,,baltimore4 ,we are indebt$ to ,scribn]'s ,mon?ly = ! foll[+ rem>ks conc]n+ ?is in/itution3--,by ! w ( ,johns ,hopk9s1 a m]*ant ( ,baltimore1 ! sum ( #g1jjj1jjj 0 devot$ to ! end[m5t ( a ,univ]sity & a ,hospital1 #c1ejj1jjj be+ devot$ to ea*4 ,?is is ! l>ge/ s+le end[m5t ev] made to an in/itution ( le>n+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,to ! beque/ no burd5some conditions 7 atta*$4444 ,! ,physiological ,laboratory ( ! ,johns ,hopk9s has no pe] 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ! o!r laboratories few equals & no sup]iors4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,annual ,report ( ! ,univ]sity 7#ahgf7 we read3--,e>ly 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 #ahgd1 ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,univ]sity hav+ be5 appris$ by ! ,executors ( ,johns ,hopk9s1 ( ! end[m5t provid$ by 8 w1 took prop] /eps = organization & ent]+ ^u ! practical duties ( ! tru/1 & address$ !mselves to ! selection ( a ,presid5t ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,) ?is view ! ,tru/ees s\ght ! c\nsel & advice ( ! heads ( sev]al ( ! lead+ seats ( le>n+ 9 ! c\ntry1 &1 ^u unanim\s recomm5dation & endorsem5t f ^! s\rces1 ! *oice fell ^u ,mr4 ,daniel ,c4 ,gilman1 :o1 at ! "t1 occupi$ ! position ( ,presid5t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia4 ,mr4 ,gilman is a graduate ( ,yale ,college1 & = sev]al ye>s be=e 8 call to ,cali=nia1 0 a ,pr(essor 9 t in/itution1 tak+ an active "p 9 ! organization & developm5t ( ',! ,%effield ,sci5tific ,s*ool ( ,yale ,college1' at ,new ,hav54 ,^u receiv+ an invitation to ,baltimore1 he resign$ ! (fice :i* he _h held 9 ,cali=nia s9ce #ahgb1 & ent]$ ^u ! s]vice ( ,! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity1 ,may #a1 #ahge4--;,gall[ay ,*e/on4 ,9 ! hunt = tru?1 we are n fir/ hunt]s1 & !n m52 we are fir/ & always m51 !n hunt]s4--,d4 ,c4 ,gilman1 ,oct41 #ahhc4 ,! ,"o ,hundr$ ,pro(s t ! ,e>? is ,n a ,globe h be5 runn+ ar\nd )9 ! obs]vation ( ! ma/] huntsman & 8 m5 = a ye> or m3 n[ let ! hunt]s prove !mselves to be m52 & ! m51 hunt]s4 ,x is impossible to be successful hunt]s = ,tru?1 if ,error be all[$ to g scot-free4 ,nay1 x is utt]ly impossible = ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity to answ] ! purpose ( its f\nd] if its hunt]s = ,tru? d n fir/ hunt ,error ) _! h\nds & hold x up to ridicule1 & !n1 & always1 keep a wat*ful eye = ! ,tru? le/ !y %\ld injure x by _! hot ha/e or w\nd x ) _! weapons4 ,pr(4 ,daniel ,c4 ,gilman1 we *>ge y t ! duties ( y\r (fice r5d] x imp]ative t1 soon] or lat]1 y lead y\r m5 into ! field aga9/ ! hundr$ pro(s1 to %[ ! _w t !y are hunt]s wor?y ( ! "n--if1 9 y\r sup]ior judgm5t1 y decide t !re is ,error to be sla9--or1 %[ t y\r hunt]s are wor?y ( ! bett] "n ( m51 by induc+ !m to foll[ & su/a9 y1 out ( ! beat5 track1 9 y\r endeavors to uphold ,god's ,tru?1 if1 9 y\r sup]ior judgm5t1 y tell !m1 ,!re is a ,tru? to be upheld6 ,end ( ! ,app5dix to ! ,fif? ,edition4 ,nov4 #i1 #ahhf4 ,,pr(essor ,,proctor',s ,,pro(s4 ,a pro(1 a pro(6 cries ,/ud5t ,br[n2 says ,proctor1 ,v well1 ,if t is all y want1 inde$1 ,i've pl5ty ,i c tell3 ,b really ,i h sc>cely "t1 or pati5ce1 n[1 to d x2 ,y ought to "k ! e>?'s a globe1 !n1 z a globe y'd view x4 ,i knew x long ago3 9 tru?1 'twas taught me 9 my cot1 ,&1 !n1 too old 0 ,i to d\bt--too "y to say 'twas n6 ,& y h nev] que/ion$ x8 ,:y %\ld ,i1 n[1 fri5d ,br[n8 ,i took x all = grant$1 j z daddy laid x d[n4 ,& z my duty cle>ly 01--no o!r way ,i saw x-- ,& t's ! reason :y1 ( c\rse1 a globe ,i always draw x4 ,& s y want a pro(6 ,ah ha3 j cross ! broad ,atlantic1 ,& !n a pro( s /rong y'll h1 ) joy 'twill s5d y frantic6 ,y mean1 t ,i %all see ! %ips come r\nd ! old e>?'s side-- ,& up--& o'er ! 'wat]y hill'--z into view !y glide6 ,no1 ,proctor1 no3 y say1 y\rself1 ! e>? s va/ 9 size is1 ,! surface seems a level "o--inde$1 to sight1 x rises4 ,& %ips1 :5 com+ into view1 seem 'be>+ d[n ^u u4' ,no1 ,proctor1 let u h a pro(--no1 no1 come--m]cy on u6 ,well1 ,br[n1 ,i've pro(s t s]ve to %[ t e>?1 inde$1 a ball 'tis2 ,b if y won't believe !m--well1 n m9e b y\rs ! fault is4 ,:y1 ev]ybody1 surely1 kn[s a planet mu/ be r\nd1 ,&1 s9ce ! e>? a planet is1 its %ape at once is f\nd4 ,we "k x travels r\nd ! sun1 a ?\s& miles a m9ute1 ,&1 !re=e1 x mu/ be a globe3 a flat e>? c\ldn't sp9 x4 ,we "k x on its axis turns ) motion unp]ceiv$2 ,& !re=e1 surely1 pla9 x is1 its %ape mu/ be believ$4 ,we "k its weight put d[n 9 tons exactly z we weigh'd x2 ,&1 !re=e1 :at c\ld cle>] be1 if we ourselves _h made x8 ,we "k its age--c figures lie8--its size--its weight--its motion2 ,& !n to say1 ''tis all my eye1' %[s madness 9 ! notion4 ,besides1 ! o!r worlds & suns--"s cool+ d[n--"s hot6-- ,h[ c y say1 y want a pro(1 ) all ^! 9 ! pot8 ,no1 ,br[n3 j let u g ahead2 don't int]f]e at all2 ,"s o!r day ,i'll come & br+ pro( t e>?'s a ball6 ,no1 ,proctor1 no3 said ,mr4 ,br[n2 'tis n[ too late to try x3-- ,a hundr$ pro(s are n[ put d[n 7& y _c d5y x7 ,t e>? is n a globe at all1 & does n move ?r\gh space3 ,& y\r philosophy ,i call a %ame & a disgrace4 ,we h to int]f]e1 & d ! be/ t we are able ,to cru% y\r !ories & to lay ! facts ^u ! table4 ,god's ,tru? is :at ! p ne$1 & m5 w /rive to prea* x2 ,& all y\r ef=ts are 9 va91 ?\gh y %\ld d>e impea* x4 ,y've giv5 half y\r !ory up2 ! p h to "k x3-- ,y smile1 b1 !n1 y\r book's en\gh3 = t w pla9ly %[ x4 ,"o-half y\r !ory's gone1 &1 soon1 ! o!r half goes1 too3 ,s1 bett] turn ab\t1 at once1 & %[ :at y c d4 ,own up 7z p h to d1 :5 !y h be5 deceiv$71 ,& help ! se>*] aft] ,tru? ( d\bt to be reliev$4 ',! only am>an?9e fl[] is virtue2'--don't =get x-- ',! only la/+ treasure1 ,tru?3'--& nev] /rive to let x4 ,,odds ,,& ,,ends4 ,we d n possess a s+le evid5t pro( 9 favor ( ! rotation--( ! e>?--ar\nd its axis4--,dr4 ,%oepf]4 ,to prove ! impossibility ( ! revolution ( ! e>? ar\nd ! sun1 w pres5t no difficulty4 ,we c br+ self-evid5t pro( to ! contr>y4--,dr4 ,%oepf]4 ,to re=m & n to *a/ise1 ,i am afraid is impossible4444 ,to attack views 9 ! ab/ract )\t t\*+ p]sons may be safe fight+1 inde$1 b x is fight+ ) %ad[s4--,pope4 ,bo? revelation & sci5ce agree z to ! %ape ( ! e>?4 ,! psalmi/ calls x ! 'r\nd _w1' ev5 :5 x 0 univ]sally suppos$ to be a flat ext5d$ pla94--,rev4 ,dr4 ,brew]4 ,:at a mi/ake68 ,if ! e>? 7 a p]fect sph]e ( equal d5sity ?r\gh\t1 ! wat]s ( ! ocean w\ld be absolutely level--t is to say1 w\ld h a sph]ical surface ev]y:]e equidi/ant f ! e>?'s c5tre4--,engli% ,family ,h]ald1 ,febru>y #ad1 #ahhe4 ,! m ,i consid] !m ! m ,i d\bt ( all sy/ems ( a/ronomy4 ,i d\bt :e!r we c ) c]ta9ty "k ei!r ! di/ance or magnitude ( any /> 9 ! firmam5t2 else :y d a/ronom]s s imm5sely diff]1 ev5 ) reg>d to ! di/ance ( ! sun f ! e>?8 "s affirm+ x to be only ?ree1 & o!rs n9ety millions ( miles4--,rev4 ,john ,wesley1 9 8 ,j\rnal4 ,i don't "k t ,i ev] h9t$ h]et(ore t ! a]onaut may well be ! mo/ sceptical man ab\t ! rotundity ( ! e>?4 ,philosophy imposes ! tru? ^u u2 b ! view ( ! e>? f ! elevation ( a balloon is t ( an imm5se t]re/rial bas91 ! deep] "p ( :i* is t directly "u "o's feet4 ,z we asc5d1 ! e>? b5ea? u seems to rec$e--actually to s9k away--:ile ! horizon gradually & gracefully lifts a div]sifi$ slope1 /ret*+ away f>!r & f>!r to a l9e t1 at ! highe/ elevation1 seems to close ) ! sky4 ,?us1 ^u a cle> day1 ! a]onaut feels z if susp5d$ at ab\t an equal di/ance betwe5 ! va/ blue oceanic concave above & ! equally exp&$ t]re/rial bas9 bel[4--,mr4 ,elliott1 ,baltimore4 ,9 ! ,sci5tific ,am]ican1 = ,april #bg1 #ahgh1 is a full report ( a lecture deliv]$ at ,b]l91 by ,dr4 ,%oepf]1 head$ ,our ,e>? ,motionless1 :i* concludes ?us3--,! poet ,goe!1 ^: prophetic views rema9$ dur+ 8 life :olly unnotic$1 said ! foll[+3 ',9 :atev] way or mann] may h occurr$ ?is bus9ess1 ,i mu/ /ill say t ,i curse ?is mod]n !ory ( cosmogony1 & hope t p]*ance !re may appe> 9 due "t "s "y sci5ti/ ( g5ius :o w pick up c\rage en\gh to upset ?is univ]sally dissem9at$ delirium ( lunatics4 ,! mo/ t]rible ?+ 9 all ?is is t "o is oblig$ to repeat$ly he> ! assurance t all ! physici/s adh]e to ! same op9ion on ?is "q4 ,b "o :o is acqua9t$ ) m5 kn[s h[ x is done3 good1 intellectual1 & c\rage\s heads adorn _! m9d ) su* an idea = ! sake ( its probability2 !y ga!r foll[]s & pupils1 & ?us =m a lit]>y p[]2 _! idea is f9ally work$ out1 exagg]at$1 & ) a passionate impulse is =c$ ^u society2 hundr$s & hundr$s ( noble-m9d$1 reasonable p :o "w 9 o!r sph]es1 desir+ to see _! circle e/eem$ & de> to ! int]e/s ( daily life1 c d no?+ bett] or m reasonable ?an to leave to o!r inve/igators _! free scope ( action1 & add _! voice 9 ! b5efit ( t bus9ess :i* does n conc]n !m at all4 ,?is is t]m$ ! univ]sal corroboration ( ! tru?fulness ( an idea6'