,text pr9t$ 9 small capitals1 bold face or italics are repres5t$ "h z ,,all ,,capitals1 betwe5 equal signs & betwe5 und]scores1 respectively4 ,m ,transcrib]'s ,notes may be f\nd at ! end ( ?is text4 ,,f>m ,,life ,,s]ies ,,! ,,f>m]',s ,,vet]9>ian ,by ,,*>les ,,william ,,burkett ,,h&y ,,f>m ,,devices ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m ,by ,,rolfe ,,cobleigh ,,mak+ ,,horticulture ,,pay ,by ,m4 ,g4 ,,ka9s ,,f>m ,,crops ,by ,,*>les ,,william ,,burkett ,,pr(itable ,,/ock ,,rais+ ,by ,,cl>5ce ,a4 ,,%amel ,,pr(itable ,,p\ltry ,,production ,by ,m4 ,g4 ,,ka9s ,o!r ,volumes 9 ,prep>ation ,illu/ration3 ,,heal? ,! ,f>m]'s ,vet]9>ian ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,diseases ( ,f>m ,/ock3 ,conta9+ ,brief & ,popul> ,advice on ! ,nature1 ,cause & ,treatm5t ( ,disease1 ! ,common ,ailm5ts & ! ,c>e & ,managem5t ( ,/ock :5 ,sick ,by ,,*>les ,,william ,,burkett ,editor ( ,am]ican ,agriculturi/ ,,illu/rat$ ,,new ,,york ,,orange ,,judd ,,company #aiad ,copyright1 #aiji ,,orange ,,judd ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,preface ,a l>ge class ( p1 by =ce ( circum/ances1 are compell$ to treat _! own animals :5 sick or disabl$4 ,qualifi$ vet]9>ians are n always available2 & all ! ills & accid5ts incid5t to f>m animals d n require pr(essional att5dance4 ,fur!rmore1 ! skill$ /ockman %\ld be famili> ) common diseases & ! treatm5t ( !m4 ,he %\ld rememb]1 too1 t ! ma9t5ance ( heal? & vigor 9 our f>m /ock is ! direct result ( well-direct$ managem5t4 ,too frequ5tly ?is is nei!r und]/ood nor admitt$1 & an unreasonable lack ( att5tion1 :5 animals are ill or indispos$1 works out dire mis*ief 9 ! pres5ce ( physical disord] & infecti\s diseases4 ,a fair acqua9tance ) ! common ailm5ts is helpful to ! own] & to 8 /ock4 ,?is leads to heal?1 to prev5tion ( disease1 & to skill 9 att5dance :5 disease is at h&4 ,! volume h]e) pres5t$ ab\nds 9 helpful sugge/ions & valuable in=mation = ! mo/ successful treatm5t ( ills & accid5ts & disease tr\bles4 ,x is an ev]yday h&book ( disease & its treatm5t1 & conta9s ! be/ ideas ga!r$ f ! v>i\s au?orities & ! exp]i5ce ( a score ( practical vet]9>ians 9 all phases ( vet]9>y practice4 ,c4 ,w4 ,,burkett4 ,,new ,,york1 ,june1 #aiji4 ,table ( ,cont5ts ,page ,,introduction ,fac+ ,disease on ! ,f>m #a ,,*apt] ,i4 ,h[ ! ,animal ,body is ,=m$ #i ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,"s ,physiology ,y ,ought to ,"k #ba ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,tee? z an ,indication ( ,age #cd ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,exam9+ ,animals = ,s\ndness & ,heal? #ci ,,*apt] ,v4 ,w\nds & ,_! ,treatm5t #ed ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,mak+ a ,po/-,mortem ,exam9ation #fb ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,common ,m$ic9es & ,_! ,actions #fi ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,mean+ ( ,disease #hb ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,diagnosis & ,treatm5t ( ,disease #ib ,,*apt] ,x4 ,diseases ( ,f>m ,animals #aja ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,page #a4 ,heal? ,frontispiece #b4 ,common ,%eep ,scab #c #c4 ,hog ,h\se & ,fe$+ ,floor #e #d4 ,p\ltic+ ! ,?roat #h #e4 ,h[ a ,cell ,divides #aj #f4 ,bones ( ,skeleton ( a ,horse #af #g4 ,"o ( ! ,p>asites ( ! ,hog #ah #h4 ,circulation & ,dige/ion #bb #i4 ,diseas$ ,kidney #be #aj4 ,/oma* ( ,rum9ant #bg #aa4 ,circulation ( ,blood 9 ,body #cj #ab4 ,lumpy ,jaw 7jaw bone7 #cf #ac4 ,bad ,attitude ,due to ,con=mation #da #ad4 ,ewe ,neck #df #ae4 ,anatomy ( ! ,foot #di #af4 ,fractures #ed #ag4 ,b&ag+ a ,leg #eg #ah4 ,rickets 9 ,pigs #fc #ai4 ,r\nd ,worms 9 ,hog ,inte/9es #ff #bj4 ,tetanus ,bacilli #ga #ba4 ,ready = ! ,dr5* #ha #bb4 ,bact]ia ,z ,se5 ,"u ! ,microscope #he #bc4 ,result ( ,bone ,spav9 #ij #bd4 ,feel+ ! ,pulse #id #be4 ,h[ ,heat ,affects ,gr[? #if #bf4 ,diseases ( ! ,horse #ajb #bg4 ,lumpy ,jaw 7ext]nal view7 #aje #bh4 ,:]e to ,tap 9 ,bloat+ #aah #bi4 ,bog ,spav9 #abb #cj4 ,horse ,bots 9 ,/oma* #abd #ca4 ,colic ,pa9s #ach #cb4 ,ret5tion ( ! ,ur9e #ada #cc4 ,curb #ade #cd4 ,fi/ul\s ,)]s #aef #ce4 ,foot ,rot 9 ,%eep #afj #cf4 ,f\nd] #afc #cg4 ,bad ,case ( ,gl&]s #agj #ch4 ,v5tral ,h]nia #ahj #ci4 ,an ,attack ( ,*ol]a #ahb #dj4 ,! ,result ( ,hog ,*ol]a #ahf #da4 ,kidney ,worms 9 ! ,hog #bje #db4 ,liv] ,fluke #bjg #dc4 ,lockjaw #bji #dd4 ,lymphangitis #bae #de4 ,natural ,pres5tation ( ! ,foal #bbe #df4 ,abnormal ,pres5tation ( ! ,foal #bbg #dg4 ,quittor #bce #dh4 ,a ,cattle ,ba? ,tub #bda #di4 ,side ,bones #bdd #ej4 ,spl9t #bdh #ea4 ,twi/$ ,/oma* ,worms #beb #eb4 ,tub]culosis ,g]ms #bfd ,heal? & ,disease ,plate #a ,mak+ ,po/ ,mortem ,exam9ations ,plate #b ,a ,victim ( ,tub]culosis ,plate #c ,ext]ior ,po9ts ( ! ,horse2 ,ca/ration ,plate #d ,texas ,fev] ,plate #e ,a ,typical ,case ( ,foot & ,m\? ,disease ,plate #f ,,introduction ,fac+ ,disease on ! ,f>m ,to call a vet]9>ian or n--t is ! "q4 ,:e!r y\r horse or c[ is sick en\gh = pr(essional att5dance1 or j "u ! wea!r a little1 is a problem y w always be call$ ^u to face4 ,& y mu/ meet x4 ,x has always fac$ ! man :o raises /ock1 & x is a problem t always w4 ,l human be+s1 f>m /ock h _! ailm5ts & tr\bles2 &1 9 mo/ cases1 a little c>e & nurs+ are all t w be requir$4 ,) ^! tr\bles all ( u are acqua9t$2 especially ^? :o h sp5t mu* "t ) ! flocks & ! h]ds on ! f>m4 ,?r\gh exp]i5ce we "k t (t5 ) e reasonable c>e1 "s animals1 frequ5tly ! heal?ie/-look+ ones1 9 ! field1 or /able1 give tr\ble at ! mo/ unsuspect$ times4 ,s ! fault is n always ) ! own]4 ,!re is no reason1 h[ev]1 :y an ef=t %\ld n be made1 j z soon z any tr\ble is notic$1 to assi/ ! sick animal to recov]1 & help nature 9 e way possible to re/ore ! invalid to its usual normal condition4 ,! av]age obs]v+ f>m]1 z a rule1 kn[s j ab\t :at ! tr\ble is2 he usually kn[s if treatm5t is beyond him1 & if n1 :at simple m$ical aid w be effective 9 br++ ab\t a recov]y ) great] dispat* ?an nature unaid$ w effect4 ,n[1 ( c\rse1 ?is means t ! f>m] %\ld be acqua9t$ ) 8 animals2 9 heal? & disease _! actions %\ld be famili> to him4 ,if he be a ma/] ( 8 bus9ess he naturally kn[s a great deal ab\t 8 f>m /ock4 ,no man :o gr[s corn or :eat ev] raises ei!r crop extremely successfully unless he has an intimate k ( ! soil1 ! se$1 ! details ( f]tilization & culture4 ,he has le>n$ h[ good soils look1 h[ bad soils look2 he kn[s if soils are heal?y1 :e!r !y are capable ( produc+ big crops or little crops4 ,s ) 8 /ock4 ,he mu/ "k1 & he does "k1 some?+ z to _! /ate ( heal? or ill heal?4 ,) /eady obs]vation 8 k w increase2 & ) exp]i5ce he ought to be able to diagnose ! common ailm5ts1 & n only prescribe = _! treatm5t1 b actually treat _m ( !m himself4 ,un=tunately1 _m f>m]s pass heal? along too lightly & ! common disord]s too s]i\sly4 ,?is is wrong4 ,! man :o deals ) f>m animals %\ld be well acqua9t$ ) !m1 j z ! eng9e] is acqua9t$ ) 8 eng9e4 ,if an eng9e goes wrong ! eng9e] endeavors to asc]ta9 ! tr\ble4 ,if x is beyond 8 exp]i5ce & k he turns ! problem ov] to an exp]t4 ,x %\ld be s ) ! /ock rais]4 ,s famili> %\ld ! own] be ) 8 animals 9 case ( tr\ble he ought to "k ( "s helpful rem$y or to "k t ! tr\ble is m s]i\s ?an ord9>y1 9 :i* case ! vet]9>ian %\ld be call$4 ,all ( ?is means t ! art ( obs]v+ ! simple functions %\ld be acquir$ at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t--:]e to f9d ! pulse ( horse or c[1 h[ _m he>t beats 9 a m9ute1 h[ _m respirations a m9ute1 ! color ( ! heal?y no/ril1 ! use ( ! !rmomet] & :]e to place x to get ! in=mation1 ! "* ( ! eye1 ! nature ( ! coat1 ! passage ( dung & wat]1 h[ ! animal swall[s1 ! attitude :5 /&+1 ! habit ( ly+ d[n & gett+ up--all ( ^! %\ld be z famili> to ! true /ockman z ! simple/ details ( tillage or ( plant+ or ( h>ve/+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,%eep ,,scab ,"h is an advanc$ case & %[s h[ s]i\s ! tr\ble may become4 ,a v small it* mite is ! cause4 ,! mites live & multiply "u ! scurf & scab ( ! sk94 ,moreov]1 ! /ockman %\ld be a judge ( ext]nal *>act]s1 :e!r natural or tempor>y4 ,he %\ld h a k ( animal con=mation4 ,if to "k a good pl[ is desirable1 !n to "k a good pa/]n or foot is desirable4 ,if ! art ( select+ :eat is a wor?y acquisition1 !n ! art ( comp>+ hocks ( diff]5t horses is a wor?y accompli%m5t also4 ,if exp]i5ce tells ! gr[] t 8 corn or potatoes or cotton is /rong1 vigor\s & heal?y or j ! rev]se1 obs]vation & exp]i5ce ought also to tell him :5 8 /ock are 9 good heal? or :5 !y lack ?rift or are sick & ne$ treatm5t4 ,,le>n ,,to ,,recognize ,,animal ,,diseases ,few f>m]s !re are1 inde$1 :o are n acqua9t$ ) crop diseases4 ,smut is readily recogniz$ :5 pres5t 9 ! :eat or corn or oat field2 s colic1 too1 %\ld be recogniz$ :5 y\r horse is affect$ by x4 ,! pea* & ! apple h _! common ailm5ts2 s h ! c[ & pig4 ,9 ei!r case ! facts ought to be famili>4 ,s famili> t z soon z diagnos$ & recogniz$ prompt measures = treatm5t %\ld be foll[$ t ! cure may be effect$ be=e any p>ticul> headway is at all made4 ,h&l$ 9 ?is way1 _m cases t are n[ pass$ on to ! vet]9>ian w\ld nev] develop into s]i\s di/urbances at all4 ,,prev5tion ,,bett] ,,?an ,,cure ,! old say+1 8,prev5tion is bett] ?an cure10 is bo? wisdom & a spl5did plat=m on :i* to build any bran* ( live /ock "w4 ,e disease is ! result ( "s di/urbance1 some:]e4 ,x may be improp] food2 ! /ockman mu/ "k4 ,moldy fodd] causes n]v\s tr\bles 9 ! horse4 ,cottonse$ meal1 if f$ cont9u\sly to pigs1 leads to _! dea?4 ,h5ce1 food has mu* to d ) heal? & disease4 ,v5tilation ( ! /able plays its "p4 ,bad air leads to weakness1 favors tub]culosis1 &1 if n rem$i$1 br+s ab\t loss & dea?4 ,fre% air 9 abundance is bett] ?an m$ic9e2 & ! c>eful /ockman w see t x be n d5i$4 ,good sanitation1 includ+ cleanly qu>t]s1 :olesome wat] & dry /ables1 has its rew>d 9 m heal?y animals4 ,:5 n provid$1 ! animals are frequ5tly ill1 or are 9 bad heal? m or less4 ,z ^! factors--prop] food1 good v5tilation1 & effective sanitation--are introduc$ 9 /able accommodations1 diseases w be less5$ & /ock pr(its w increase4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hog ,,h\se ,,& ,,fe$+ ,,floor ,?is conv5i5t hog h\se is inexp5sive1 & ! fe$+ floor at ! side insures cleanl9ess & ?or\gh sanit>y conditions4 ,a sanit>y hog h\se %\ld be "o ( ! *ief improvem5ts ( ! f>m4 ,,dis9fect ,,frequ5tly2 ,,x ,,nev] ,,hurts ,,& ,,x ,,may ,,d ,a ,,_w ,,( ,,good ,z disease is bett] und]/ood x becomes m closely id5tifi$ ) g]ms & bact]ia4 ,h5ce1 to less5 disease we mu/ de/roy1 s f> z possible1 ! disease-produc+ g]ms4 ,= ?is purpose no?+ is bett] ?an sunlight & dis9fectants4 ,sunlight is itself dea? to all g]ms2 !re=e1 all /ables1 & ! liv+ qu>t]s = f>m animals1 %\ld be light & airy1 & free f damp corn]s & lodgm5t places = du/1 v]m91 & bact]ia4 ,ev5 :5 animals are 9 good heal?1 dis9fection is a spl5did means = w>d+ (f disease4 ,= sometimes ) ! greate/ c>e g]ms are admitt$ 9 "s mann] or =m4 ,by con/antly dis9fect+1 ! likelihood ( any encroa*m5t by g]ms is greatly less5$4 ,=tunately we h dis9fectants t are easily appli$ & easily obta9$ at small co/4 ,"o ( ^! dis9fect+ mat]ials is lime1 j ord9>y slak$ lime1 ! lime t e f>m] kn[s4 ,:ile x does n possess ! dis9fect+ p[] ( _m o!r ag5ts1 x is1 nev]!less1 v desirable = spr9kl+ ab\t /ables & = :itewa%+ floors1 walls1 & p>titions4 ,:5 s us$ ! cracks & holes are fill$ & ! g]ms de/roy$4 ,ord9>y f>m /ables %\ld be :itewa%$ once or twice ea* ye>1 & ! crumbl$ lime spr9kl$ on ! litt] or op5 gr\nd4 ,x is n desirable to use lime ) b$d+ & manure1 = ! reason t x lib]ates ! nitrog5 conta9$ !re94 ,h5ce ! b$d+ & manure %\ld be remov$ to ! fields z frequ5tly z possible1 :]e x c be m helpful to ! l&4 ,?us scatt]$1 ! sunlight & purify+ effects ( ! soil w soon de/roy ! disease bact]ia1 if any are pres5t 9 ! manure4 ,ano!r spl5did dis9fectant is corrosive sublimate1 m]curic *loride1 z x is (t5 call$4 ,use "o ounce 9 eight gallons ( wat]4 ,?is makes "o-t5? ( "o p] c5t solution4 ,9 prep>+ ?is dis9fectant1 all[ ! mat]ial to /& = sev]al h\rs1 s z to p]mit ! *emical to become entirely dissolv$4 ,?is solution %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ & protect$1 s9ce x is a poison &1 if drunk by animals1 is liable to cause dea?4 ,if infect$ qu>t]s are to be dis9fect$1 see t ! loose dirt & litt] is fir/ remov$ be=e apply+ ! sublimate4 ,c>bolic acid is ano!r satisfactory dis9fectant4 ,usually a five p] c5t solution is recomm5d$4 ,x c be easily appli$ to mang]s1 /alls1 & fe$ boxes4 ,en\gh %\ld be appli$ s t ! wood or iron is made wet & ! cracks & holes m or less fill$4 ,*loride ( lime is a *eap & an easily prep>$ dis9fectant4 ,use t5 ounces ( *loride ( lime to two gallons ( wat]4 ,?is makes a f\r p] c5t solution1 & %\ld be appli$ 9 ! same way z ! corrosive sublimate4 ,=mal9 has come into prom95ce v rec5tly z a desirable dis9fectant4 ,a five p] c5t solution fills ! bill4 ,floors & cracks %\ld be made ?or\ghly wet ) x4 ,by us+ "o or m ( ^! ag5ts ! liv+ qu>t]s ( f>m animals c be kept :olesome1 sweet1 & free f g]m diseases4 ,9 fact1 ! use ( dis9fectants is "o ( ! be/ aids ( ! f>m] 9 w>d+ (f disease & 9 less5+ its effects :5 once pres5t4 ,,put ,,sick ,,animals ,,(f ,,by ,,!mselves ,_m diseases are introduc$ into a h]d or flock by ?\ghtlessness on ! "p ( ! own]4 ,i h kn[n di/emp] to be introduc$ into /ables & among horses1 ,texas fev] & tub]culosis into h]ds ( cattle1 & hog *ol]a among hogs1 because diseas$ animals1 :5 pur*as$1 7 n sep>at$ (f by !mselves1 = a %ort "t at lea/4 ,if ?is 7 done1 f>m]s w\ld less5 ! *ance ( an introduction ( disease into _! heal?y h]ds4 ,consequ5tly qu>ant9e qu>t]s %\ld be provid$2 especially is ?is true if new animals are frequ5tly pur*as$ & br\ght to ! f>m :]e _m animals are rais$ & h&l$4 ,^! qu>ant9e qu>t]s ne$ n be exp5sive1 & !y ought to be remov$ f> en\gh f ! f>m /ock s t !re may be no easy means ( infection4 ,:5 newly pur*as$ animals are plac$ 9 ! qu>ant9e qu>t]s !y %\ld be kept !re long en\gh to det]m9e if any?+ /range or unusual is tak+ place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p\ltic+ ,,! ,,?roat ,! picture %[s h[ to apply a p\ltice to ! ?roat4 ,,*apt] ,i ,h[ ! ,animal ,body is ,=m$ ,! cell is ! unit ( gr[?4 ,x is s ) all =ms ( life--plant or animal1 insect or bact]ium4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! />t is ) a s+le cell1 an egg1 if y please4 ,aft] f]tilization has tak5 place1 ?is s+le cell enl>ges or gr[s4 ,_m *anges n[ occur1 all r rapidly1 until ! cell walls become too small1 :5 x breaks ap>t & =ms two cells j l ! fir/ us$ to be4 ,?is is kn[n z cell division4 ,z gr[? increases1 ! numb] ( cells increases also--until 9 ! end !re are millions4 ,nature ( ! ,cell4--,! cell is v small4 ,9 mo/ cases x _c be se5 ) ! nak$ eye4 ,! microscope is necess>y = a /udy ( ! p>ts1 ! nature & ! "* ( ! cell4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! cell is a k9d ( inclos$ sac1 9 :i* are f\nd ! elem5ts ( gr[? & life4 ,surr\nd+ ! cell is a ?9 wall kn[n z ! cell membrane4 ,9 plants ?is cell wall is compos$ ( cellulose1 a woody sub/ance1 :i* is ?9 & t5d] 9 gre5 & gr[+ plants1 b h>d & woody :5 ! plant is mature4 ,)9 ! limits ( ! cell is ! protoplasm1 ! *ief con/itu5t ( ! cell2 lock$ up 9 ?is protoplasm is life1 ! vital processes t h to d ) gr[?1 developm5t1 individual exi/5ce4 ,emb$d$ )9 ! protoplasm is ano!r "p kn[n z ! nucleus & recogniz$ "u ! microscope by its d5sity4 ,ar\nd ! nucleus is c5t]$ ! developm5t ( new cells or reproduction--= ! *anges t conv]t ! "m-cell into (fspr+-cells are fir/ not$ 9 ?is place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,a ,,cell ,,divides ,! simple /eps 9 cell division are pictur$ "h4 ,/>t+ ) a s+le cell1 gr[? & enl>gem5t take place1 end+ f9ally 9 cell division or ! production ( two individual cells4 ,s mu* = plant cells4 ,is ?is pr9ciple diff]5t 9 animals8 ,= a long "t x 0 ?\ght t plants & animals 7 diff]5t4 ,b ^u inve/igation x 0 discov]$ t animals 7 compris$ ( cells j z plants4 ,& n only 0 ?is discov]$ to be true1 b also t animal cells correspond$ 9 all respects to plant cells4 ,h5ce 9 animals are to be f\nd cells possess+ ! cell walls =m$ ( a r ?ick membrane1 ! granul> protoplasm or yoke1 & ! nucleus e/abli%$ 9 ! yoke4 ,! ovum1 kn[n z ! female egg1 is compos$ ( ! p>ts j describ$4 ,if x is n f]tiliz$ :5 ripe x passes away & dies4 ,if f]tiliz$ 9 a natural way1 x enl>ges 9 size & subsequ5tly divides into two cells2 & ^!1 pass+ ?r\gh simil> *anges1 f9ally give rise to ! v>i\s gr\ps ( cells f :i* ! body is develop$4 ,! ,animal ,body a ,gr\p ,collection4--,! body is1 !re=e1 a mass ( cells2 n all alike1 ( c\rse1 b gr\p$ toge!r = ! purpose ( do+ c]ta9 special k9ds ( "w4 ,9 ?is way we h v>i\s gr\ps1 ) ea* gr\p a community p]=m+ its own function4 ,! bra9 =ms "o community2 & ^! cells are conc]n$ ) m9d acts4 ,! muscle cells are busy 9 ex]t+ =ce & action4 ,ano!r gr\p looks aft] ! secretions & dige/ive functions1 :ile ano!r gr\p is conc]n$ solely ) ! function ( g5]ation & reproduction4 ,& s x is ?r\gh\t ! body4 ,bo? individual cells & gr\p cells are conc]n$ ) disease4 ,"o cell may be diseas$ or de/roy$1 b ! surr\nd+ ones may g on j ! same4 ,x is :5 ! gr\p is di/urb$ t ! greate/ tr\ble results4 ,a ,^w ,ab\t ! ,cells4--,! cell always possesses its ?ree p>ts--membrane1 protoplasm1 & nucleus4 ,b !re is no rule z to ! size or %ape4 ,cells may be r\nd or oblong1 any %ape4 ,sub/ances pass 9 & out ( ! cell walls2 & !y are 9 motion1 _m ( !m1 especially ^? t l9e ! inte/9es & ! air passages1 & ! :ite corpuscles ( ! blood4 ,m ?an ?is1 "s cells1 ,dr4 ,jekyl-l1 *ange _! appe>ance & %ape1 s5d out f+]-l bodies to cat* enemies or food1 & ev5 travel all ar\nd 9 ! body1 (t5 leav+ x altoge!r4 ,,body ,,tissues ,! animal body conta9s five =ms ( tissues3 ,epi!lial1 9 :i* ! cells are v compact1 =m+ ei!r ?9 or ?ick plates2 ! connective tissue1 by :i* _m organs are support$ or emb$d$2 muscle tissue1 ei!r smoo? or /riat$1 & 9 :i* ! cells are 9 fib]s t contract & %ort52 n]ve-tissue1 t has to d ) n]ve & ganglion cells by :i* m5tal impulses are s5t2 & blood & lymph tissue or fluid tissues4 ,! fir/ gr\p is intimately connect$ ) ! secretory organs1 or ^? organs :i* secrete c]ta9 sub/ances ess5tial = ! prop] "w ( ! body4 ,?us we h saliv>y gl&s1 muc\s gl&s1 sweat gl&s1 & ! liv] & pancreas4 ,connective tissue includes fibr\s tissue1 fatty tissue1 c>tilage & bone4 ,! fibr\s connective tissue is illu/rat$ :5 ! sk9 is easily pick$ up 9 folds4 ,fatty tissue occurs :]e l>ge am\nts ( fat are deposit$ 9 ! cells4 ,c>tilage is f\nd :]e a l>ge am\nt ( firm support is requir$4 ,) muscle we are all famili>2 x is ! real lean meat ( ! body4 ,blood & ,lymph4--,! blood is a fluid 9 :i* _m cells are to be f\nd4 ,! fluid is kn[n z s]um or blood-plasma & ! cells z corpuscles1 & are bo? r$ & :ite4 ,! r$ cells give ! *>act]i/ic color4 ,:5 obs]v$ "u a microscope1 !y appe> z small1 r\nd disks4 ,!y are ( great importance to ! body "w4 ,because ( ! color+ matt] 9 !m ! oxyg5 ( ! air is attract$ :5 x comes 9 contact ) ! blood 9 ! lungs4 ,oxyg5 is 9 reality absorb$1 & on ! blood leav+ ! lungs x is di/ribut$ to all p>ts ( ! body4 ,! oxyg5 supply ( ! body is1 !re=e1 9 ! keep+ ( ! r$ corpuscles4 ,:ite corpuscles h a diff]5t "w2 !y gu>d ! body by pick+ up poison1 bact]ia1 & o!r undesirable elem5ts & ca/ ^! out ?r\gh ! natural op5+s ( ! body4 ,comp>$ ) ! r$ cells1 !y exi/ 9 f> less numb]s & may w&] ab\t ?r\gh all p>ts ( ! body4 ,lymph is a fluid 9 :i* a few cells1 lymph corpuscles1 are susp5d$4 ,^! cells are v mu* l ! colorless corpuscles ( ! blood1 only no r$ blood cells are pres5t4 ,b ! lymph att5ds to its own bus9ess2 x ba!s ! tissues & endeavors to keep !m 9 a heal?y condition4 ,sk9 & ,hair4--,)\t a cov]+ ! delicate muscles w\ld be unprotect$4 ,! sk9 s]ves 9 ?is capacity4 ,x does /ill m2 out ( x is exud$ poison\s sub/ances1 p]spiration1 &1 at ! same "t1 ! sk9 is a sort ( respiratory organ1 ?r\gh :i* mu* ( ! c>bonic acid =m$ 9 ! body escapes4 ,! sk9 possesses two g5]al lay]s1 ! cutis & sub-cutis2 9 ! fir/ is conta9$ also epid]mis4 ,develop$ 9 ! sk9 are ! out] cov]+s l hair1 wool1 fea!rs1 horns1 claws1 & ho(s4 ,,! ,,framework ,,( ,,! ,,body ,! framework ( ! body und]goes a gradual developm5t f bir? to maturity4 ,x repres5ts ! bony /ructure ( ! body2 & on x all o!r p>ts dep5d = support & protection4 ,! brief summ>y ( its p>ts & "w t foll[s "h has be5 adapt$ f ,wilcox & ,smi?4 ,! ,skeleton4--,?is consi/s ( a backbone1 skull1 %\ld] girdle1 pelvic girdle1 & two pairs ( app5dages4 ,! backbone may be conv5i5tly divid$ into regions1 ea* compris+ a c]ta9 numb] ( v]tebr4 ,! c]vical v]tebr include ^? f ! skull f ! fir/ rib4 ,9 all mammals except ! slo? & sea c[ ! numb] ( c]vical v]tebr is sev51 be+ long or %ort1 accord+ z ! neck ( ! animal is relatively long or %ort4 ,! fir/ & second c]vical v]tebr1 kn[n z ! atlas & axis1 are especially modifi$ s z to all[ free turn+ movem5ts ( ! head4 ,! next region includes ! dorsal or ?oracic v]tebr1 :i* are *>act]iz$ by hav+ ribs movably articulat$ ) !m4 ,! numb] is #ac 9 ! cat1 dog1 ox1 %eep1 & goat2 #ad 9 ! hog2 #ah or #ai 9 ! horse & ass1 & six or sev5 9 dome/ic p\ltry4 ,9 mammals !y are s jo9$ toge!r z to p]mit motion 9 sev]al directions1 b 9 p\ltry ! dorsal v]tebr are m rigidly articulat$1 ^? next to ! sacrum (t5 be+ gr[n toge!r ) ! sacrum4 ,! sp9es are high & mu* flatt5$ 9 all ungulates1 long & sl5d] 9 dogs & cats4 ,!y slope backw>d1 =m+ /rong po9ts ( atta*m5t = ! back muscles4 ,sev]al ribs1 v>y+ 9 numb] 9 diff]5t animals1 meet & become articulat$ ) ! brea/ bone or /]num4 ,! /]num consi/s ( sev5 to n9e articulat$ segm5ts 9 our dome/ic mammals1 :ile 9 f[ls ! /]num is "o ?9 high bone furni%$ ) a keel ( v>y+ dep?4 ,! lumb> v]tebr lie betwe5 ! dorsal v]tebr & ! sacrum4 ,! numb] is five 9 ! horse1 six 9 ! hog1 ox & goat1 & sev5 9 ! %eep4 ,! sacrum is made up ( a c]ta9 numb] ( v]tebr1 :i* are rigidly unit$ & s]ve z an articulation = ! pelvic ar*4 ,! numb] ( sacral v]tebr is five 9 ! ox & horse1 f\r 9 %eep & hogs1 & #ab to #ag 9 birds4 ,! caudal or tail v]tebr naturally v>y 9 numb] accord+ to ! l5g? ( ! tail 7#g to #aj 9 %eep1 #ba 9 ! ox1 #bc 9 hogs1 #ag 9 ! horse1 #bb 9 ! cat1 #af to #bc 9 ! dog74 ,9 ungulates ! ant]ior ribs are sc>cely curv$1 ! *e/ be+ v n>r[ 9 front4 ,! numb] ( pairs ( ribs is ! same z ! numb] ( dorsal v]tebr ) :i* !y articulate4 ,! ,skull4--,?is "p ( ! skeleton is really compos$ ( a numb] ( modifi$ v]tebr1 j h[ _m is n det]m9$4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! %ape ( ! skulls ( diff]5t animals is det]m9$ by ! relative size ( ! v>i\s bones ( ! skull4 ,9 hogs1 = example1 ! head has be5 mu* %ort5$ z a result ( bre$+1 ?us giv+ ! skull ( ! improv$ bre$s a v diff]5t appe>ance f t ( ! razorback4 ,! %\ld] girdle consi/s ( a %\ld] blade1 coll> bone & coracoid on ei!r side4 ,! =e leg 7or w+1 9 case ( birds7 articulates ) ! socket =m$ by ! junction ( ^! ?ree bones4 ,9 all ! ungulates ! %\ld] blade is high & n>r[1 ! coracoid is nev] mu* develop$1 & ! coll> bone is abs5t4 ,9 f[ls all ?ree bones ( ! %\ld] girdle are well develop$1 ! coll> bone be+ repres5t$ by ! 8wi% bone40 ,! ,pelvic ,girdle4--,?is consi/s ( ?ree bones on ei!r side1 viz41 ilium1 is*ium1 & pubis4 ,! fir/ two are directly articulat$ to ! sp9al column1 :ile ! pubic bones ( ei!r side unite bel[ to complete ! ar*4 ,! ?ree bones ( ea* side ( ! pelvis are pres5t 9 all our dome/ic animals1 includ+ ! f[ls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bones ,,( ,,! ,,skeleton ,,( ,a ,,horse #a ,face ,bones1 #b ,neck ,bones or ,c]vical ,v]tebr1 #c ,scapula or ,%\ld] ,blade1 #d ,hum]us or ,arm ,bone1 #e ,radius or ,bone ( ,=e>m1 #f ,c>pus or ,knee1 #g ,%ank ,bone or ,cannon1 #h ,upp] ,pa/]n1 #i ,l[] ,pa/]n1 #aj ,c(f9 ,bone1 #aa ,ulna or ,elb[1 #ab ,c>tilages ( ! ,rib1 #ac ,co/ or ,ribs1 #ad ,dorsal ,v]tebr or ,bones ( ,back1 #ae ,lumb> ,v]tebr or ,bones ( ,lo91 #af ,c&al ,v]tebr or ,bones ( ,tail1 #ag ,haun*1 #ah ,femur or ,?igh ,bone1 #ai ,/ifle ,jo9t1 #bj ,tibia1 #ba ,t>sus or ,hock1 #bb ,metat>sal ,bones1 #bc ,upp] ,pa/]n ,bone1 #bd ,l[] ,pa/]n ,bone1 #be ,c(f9 ,bone4 ,legbones ( ,f>m ,animals4--,!re is "o =mula = ! bones ( ! =e & h9d legs ( f>m animals4 ,! fir/ segm5t is a s+le bone1 ! hum]us ( ! =e leg1 femur ( ! h9d leg4 ,9 ! next segm5t !re are two bones1 radius & ulna 9 ! =e leg1 tibia & fibula 9 ! h9d leg4 ,9 ! dog1 cat1 & ,belgian h>e ! radius & ulna are bo? well develop$ & di/9ct4 ,9 ungulates ! hum]us is %ort & /\t1 :ile ! ulna is complete 9 ! pig1 rudim5t>y & beh9d ! radius 9 rum9ants & firmly unit$ ) ! radius 9 ! horse4 ,simil>ly ) ! h9d leg ! fibula is a complete bone 9 ! pig1 :ile 9 ! horse !re is m]ely a rudim5t ( x1 atta*$ to ! tibia4 ,feet4--,! mammalian skeleton has und]gone ! greate/ modification 9 ! bones ( ! feet4 ,9 ! horse !re are only six ( ! orig9al t5 wri/ or c>pal bones1 &1 s9ce !re is b "o ( ! orig9al five toes1 ! horse has also b "o metac>pal or cannon bone4 ,spl9t-l rudim5ts ( two o!r metac>pal bones are to be f\nd at ! upp] end ( ! cannon bone1 or at ! 8knee0 jo9t4 ,bel[ ! cannon bone1 & =m+ ! %aft ( ! foot1 we h ! small cannon bone1 coron>y bone1 & c(f9 bone--! la/ be+ )9 ! ho( ) ! navicul> bone beh9d x4 ,! /ifle jo9t ( ! horse corresponds to ! knee ( man4 ,! 8knee0 ( ! horse's =e leg corresponds to ! hock ( ! h9d leg1 bo? be+ at ! upp] end ( ! cannon bone4 ,! fetlock jo9t is betwe5 ! l>ge & small cannon bones1 ! pa/]n jo9t betwe5 ! small cannon or l>ge pa/]n bones1 & ! c(f9 jo9t betwe5 ! coron>y & c(f9 bones4 ,! horse walks ^u :at corresponds to ! nail ( ! middle f+] & middle toe ( man4 ,9 pigs f\r digits t\* ! gr\nd1 ! fir/ be+ abs5t & ! ?ird & f\r? l>g] & 9 front ( ! second & fif?4 ,9 rum9ants ! ?ird & f\r? digits rea* ! gr\nd1 :ile ! second & fif? d n4 ,9 dogs ! fir/ digit appe>s on ! side ( ! leg1 n 9 contact ) ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,p>asites ,,( ,,! ,,hog ,! ?orn-head$ worm atta*$ to ! ant]ior "p ( ! small inte/9e (t5 causes dea?4 ,n m ?an five or six are usually f\nd 9 a s+le animal4 ,9 f[ls ! w+1 :i* corresponds to ! =e leg ( mammals1 %[s a well-develop$ hum]us1 radius & ulna1 :ile only "o c>pal & "o metac>pal bone rema91 along :i* ! w+ fea!rs are atta*$4 ,9 ! leg ! femur & tibia are /rong bones1 b ! fibula is a m]e spl9t4 ,! t>sal bones are abs5t1 :ile ! %ank consi/s ( a metat>sal bone 7really ?ree bones fus$ toge!r71 to :i* ! f\r toes are articulat$4 ,! ,muscul> ,sy/em ( ,f>m ,animals4--,! muscul> sy/em is too elaborate1 ! numb] ( muscles too great1 & _! modifications = diff]5t purposes too complex = consid]ation 9 detail 9 ! pres5t volume4 ,all muscles are ei!r /rip$ or un/rip$ 7z exam9$ "u ! microscope71 accord+ z !y are "u ! imm$iate control ( ! w or n4 ,! he>t muscle =ms an exception1 = x is /rip$ ?\gh involunt>y4 ,! ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( muscle fib]s is contractility1 :i* !y possess 9 high degree4 ,! typical /rip$ muscles are conc]n$ 9 locomotion1 be+ atta*$ at ei!r end to a bone & ext5d+ across "s movable jo9t4 ,! mo/ important un/rip$ muscles are f\nd 9 ! walls ( ! inte/9es & blood vessels4 ,! ,n]v\s ,sy/em4--,9 s f> z our pres5t purposes are conc]n$1 ! n]v\s sy/em may be dispos$ ( 9 a few words4 ,! c5tral n]v\s sy/em consi/s ( a bra9 & sp9al cord4 ,! microscopic elem5ts ( ?is tissue are peculi>ly modifi$ cells1 consi/+ ( a c5tral body1 f :i* fib]s run 9 two or m directions4 ,! cell bodies con/itute ! gray matt]1 & ! fib]s ! :ite matt] ( ! bra9 & sp9al cord4 ,! gray sub/ance is inside ! sp9al cord & on ! surface ( ! bra91 con/itut+ ! cortex4 ,! mo/ important p>ts ( ! bra9 are ! c]ebrum1 optic lobes1 c]ebellum1 & m$ulla4 ,!re are twelve pairs ( cranial n]ves orig9at+ 9 ! bra9 & controll+ ! special s5ses1 movem5ts ( ! face1 respiration1 & pulse rate4 ,f ea* segm5t ( ! sp9al cord a pair ( sp9al n]ves arises1 ea* ( :i* possess bo? s5sory & motor roots4 ,! sympa!tic n]v\s sy/em consi/s ( a trunk on ei!r side1 runn+ f ! base ( ! skull to ! pelvis1 furni%$ ) ganglionic enl>gem5ts & connect$ ) ! sp9al n]ves by small fib]s4 ,! ,respiratory ,organs4--,^! include ! nose1 l>ynx1 tra*ea or w9dpipe1 & lungs4 ,! tra*ea =ks into bron*i & bron*ioles ( small] & small] size1 end+ 9 ! alveoli or bl9d sacs ( ! lungs4 ,9 f[ls !re are num]\s ext5sions ( ! respiratory sy/em kn[n z air sacs1 & locat$ 9 ! body cavity & also 9 ! holl[ bones4 ,! air sacs communicate ) ! lungs1 b n ) "o ano!r4 ,! ,ur9>y ,organs4--,^! consi/ ( kidneys connect+ by means ( uret]s ) a bladd] f :i* ! ure?ra conducts ! ur9e to ! outside4 ,9 ! male ! ure?ra passes ?r\gh ! p5is & 9 ! female x ends j above ! op5+ ( ! vag9a4 ,! kidneys are usually inclos$ 9 a capsule ( fat4 ,! "r kidney ( ! horse is he>t-%ap$1 ! left bean-%ap$4 ,ea* kidney ( ! ox %[s #ae to #bj lobes1 & is oval 9 =m4 ,! kidneys ( %eep1 goats1 & sw9e are bean-%ap$ & )\t lobes4 ,! ,reproductive ,app>atus4--,?is consi/s ( ov>ies1 oviducts1 ut]us or womb1 & vag9a 9 ! female2 ! te/es1 sp]matic cords1 sem9al vesicle & p5is1 toge!r ) v>i\s connect+ gl&s1 especially pro/ate gl& & ,c[p]'s gl&1 9 ! male4 ,9 f[ls !re is no ur9>y bladd]1 b ! uret]s op5 into ! cloaca or po/]ior "p ( ! rectum4 ,! vag9a & ut]us are also want+ 9 f[ls1 ! oviducts op5+ directly into ! rectum4 ,! male copulat+ organ is abs5t except 9 ducks1 geese1 swan1 & ! o/ri*4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,"s ,physiology ,y ,ought to ,"k ,a close relation exi/s betwe5 ! soil1 plant1 & ! animal4 ,"o really _c exi/ )\t ! o!r to fulfill its de/9y4 ,a soil )\t plant or animal gr[? is b>r51 devoid ( life4 ,! soil comes fir/2 ! elem5ts conta9$ 9 x & ! air are ! basis ( plant & animal life4 ,! body ( ! animal is made up ( ! id5tical elem5ts f\nd 9 ! plant1 yet ! gr[? ( ! plant is necess>y to furni% food = animal life4 ,! plant takes f ! soil & f ! air ! simple *emical elem5ts1 & ) ^! builds up ! plant tissue :i*1 9 its turn1 is ! food ( ! animal4 ,! animal _c fe$ directly f ! soil & air2 x requires ! plant fir/ to take ! elem5ts & to build !m into tissue4 ,f ?is tissue animals get _! food = ma9t5ance & gr[?4 ,!n ! animal dies2 ) its decay & decomposition comes *ange ( animal tissue1 back to soil & air aga92 back to s+le simple elem5ts1 t new plants may be gr[n1 t new plant tissue may be made = ano!r g5]ation ( animal life4 ,?us ! plant gr[s out ( ! soil & air1 & ! decay ( ! animal plant life furni%es food = ! plant t ! plant may furni% food = ! animal4 ,?us we see ! cycle ( life2 f ! soil & air come ! soil con/itu5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,circulation ,,& ,,dige/ion #a ,m\?1 #b ,ph>ynx1 #c ,tra*ea1 #d ,jugul> ,ve91 #e ,c>otid ,art]y1 #f sophagus1 #g ,po/]ior ,aorta1 #h ,lungs1 #i ,ext]nal ,?oracic ,art]y1 #aj ,left ,auricle1 #aa ,"r ,auricle1 #ab ,diaphragm1 #ac ,sple51 #ad ,/oma*1 #ae ,duod5um1 #af ,liv]1 upp] extremity1 #ag ,l>ge ,colon1 #ah ,left ,kidney & its ,uret]1 #ai ,float+ ,colon1 #bj ,rectum1 #ba ,anus1 #bb ,bladd]1 #bc ,ure?ra1 #bd ,small ,inte/9e1 #be ,ccum1 #bf ,v5\s ,supply to ! ,foot1 #bg ,po/]ior ,tibial ,art]y1 #bh ,int]nal ,metat>sal ,ve91 #bi ,int]nal ,metatc>pal ,ve91 #cj ,po/]ior ,radial ,art]y1 #ca ,metac>pal ,art]y1 #cb ,v]tebral ,art]y1 #cc ,sup]ior ,c]vical ,art]y1 #cd ,ant]ior ,dorsal ,art]y4 ,mean+ ( ,plant ,build+4--,be=e ! s+le simple elem5ts 7 tak5 into ! plant1 !y 7 ( little value4 ,! animal c\ld n use !m = food1 !y c\ld n be burn$ to furni% heat1 & !y /or$ up no en]gy to c>ry on any ( ! _w's "w4 ,:at a *ange ! plant makes ( !m6 ,s us$1 !y become ! s\rce ( ! animal food1 &1 z food1 !y conta9 five pr9cipal gr\ps ) :i* ! animal is n\ri%$4 ,^! five gr\ps are ! air1 wat]1 ! prote9 comp\nds1 ! nitrog5 free comp\nds1 su* z />*1 crude fib]1 sug> & gums1 & ! fat or e!r extract1 z x is call$4 ,,dige/ion ,,( ,,! ,,food ,be=e ^! diff]5t con/itu5ts ( ! plant c be us$ z food = animals1 !y mu/ be prep>$ = absorption into ! sy/em ( ! animal4 ,?is prep>ation takes place 9 ! m\?1 sophagus tube1 ! /oma*1 & ! inte/9es1 aid$ by ! v>i\s secretions incid5t to dige/ion & absorption4 ,any )hold+ ( any ess5tial con/itu5t has its result 9 ineffici5cy or illness ( ! animal4 ,)hold a% mat]ials1 = in/ance1 f ! food1 or supply an insuffici5t quantity1 & ! fact w be evid5c$ by poor tee?1 defici5t bone con/ruction & poor heal? 9 g5]al4 ,let ! fe$+ ration be %ort 9 prote91 & ! result w be %[n 9 ! fle% & blood4 ,let ! c>bohydrates & fat be )held or suppli$ insuffici5tly1 & en]gy w be d5i$ & a ?rifty condition w n be possible4 ,! supply ( ^! diff]5t con/itu5ts 9 ! prop] proportion gives rise to ! balanc$ ration2 & is conc]n$ 9 a treatise ( ?is k9d only 9 s f> z x has to d ) disease or heal?4 ,=1 rememb] ?is fact3 live /ock are closely associat$ ) "r fe$+4 ,if foods be improp]ly prep>$1 or improp]ly suppli$1 or ! rations poorly balanc$1 ) too mu* ( "o con/itu5t & too little ( ano!r1 ! effect w be manife/ 9 an impov]i%$ condition ( ! sy/em4 ,t means ei!r disease1 or disease invit$4 ,n only mu/ ^! facts be consid]$1 b o!r matt]s giv5 recognition also4 ,! great] "p ( ! tr\ble ( ! /ockman 9 ! way ( animal diseases is due to "s di/urbance ( ! dige/ive sy/em1 or to ! wat] supply1 or to v5tilation1 or to ! use to :i* ! animal is put f day to day4 ,att5tion to ! details ( dige/ion has its rew>d 9 ?rifty1 heal?y /ock2 a lack ( ?is att5tion br+s tr\ble & ei!r a tempor>y ailm5t or a p]man5t disease4 ,process ( ,ma/ication4--,food is tak5 9 ! m\?1 :]e x is ma/icat$ by means ( ! tee?1 lips1 *eeks1 & ! tongue4 ,:ile ! process ( ma/ication is tak+ place !re is be+ p\r$ into ! m\? l>ge quantities ( saliva1 :i* s(t5s ! food & />ts ! process ( dige/ion4 ,! active pr9ciple ( saliva is a soluble f]m5t1 call$ ptyal91 t conv]ts ! />* ( food into sug>4 ,! am\nt ( saliva t is p\r$ into ! food is v great1 be+ (t5 z mu* z "o-t5? ( ! weight ( ! animal4 ,?is f]m5t is active aft] ! tee? h be5 =m$1 :i* expla9s :y x is n advisable to fe$ mu* />*y food to *ildr5 be=e _! tee? h begun developm5t4 ,! food1 aft] be+ gr\nd & mix$ ) ! saliva fluid1 goes to ! /oma*4 ,) ! horse & hog ! /oma* is a s+le sac n capable ( hold+ v l>ge quantities ( food2 ) ! c[ & %eep1 on ! o!r h&1 we f9d a l>ge /oreh\se = hold+ food--a /oreh\se t is divid$ into f\r comp>tm5ts1 ! rum5 or paun*1 reticulum1 omasum1 & ! abomasum4 ,! fir/ ?ree communicate ) ! gullet by a common op5+4 ,! cud is conta9$ 9 ! fir/ & second /oma*s1 &1 aft] x has be5 ma/icat$ a second "t1 x passes to ! ?ird & f\r?1 & to ! b[els1 :]e ! process ( dige/ion is cont9u$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diseas$ ,,kidney ,! kidney ( ! hog is pictur$ "h4 ,z a rule x is usually impossible to diagnose kidney tr\bles 9 hogs & simil> l[] animals4 ,ga/ric ,juice4--,f ?is x w be notic$ t *ew+ ! cud is an act 9 ! process ( dige/ion2 x ref]s only to re*ew+ ! food s z to get x f9] & bett] gr\nd = dige/ion4 ,:ile 9 ! /oma* ! saliva cont9ues ! dige/ion ( ! />*y matt] & is assi/$ by ! ga/ric fluid t p\rs 9 f ! l9+ ( ! /oma*1 :i* conv]ts ! prote9 or album9oids into peptones4 ,! fatty matt] is n act$ ^u at ?is po9t4 ,!re are ?ree con/itu5ts ( ga/ric juice1 :i* affect ! *anges 9 ! food4 ,^! are peps91 r5net1 & acid4 ,) r5net y are acqua9t$4 ,x is us$ 9 ! kit*51 9 ! mak+ ( *eese1 & is obta9$ f ! /oma* ( calves or o!r "y animals4 ,peps91 also obta9$ directly f ! /oma*1 is n[ a conspicu\s prep>ation 9 m$ic9e4 ,! food1 aft] leav+ ! /oma*1 goes into ! b[els & is act$ ^u by secretions ( ! liv] & pancreas or sweetbreads4 ,x %\ld be not$ 9 pass+ t no secretion ent]s ! fir/ ?ree divisions ( ! rum9ant's /oma*4 ,x is only 9 ! f\r? or true /oma* t ! ga/ric juice is f\nd4 ,! ,/oma* ,*urn4--,:ile food is 9 ! /oma* x is subject$ to a con/ant turn+ movem5t t causes x to travel f ! entrance to ! exit or inte/9es4 ,:5 x passes into ! small inte/9es x is subject$ to ! action ( bile & pancreatic juices1 :i* h pr9cipally to d ) ! break+ up ( ! fat comp\nds4 ,bo? resemble1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 saliva 9 _! ability to *ange />* into sug>4 ,! secretion ( ! bile comes f ! liv] & ! pancreatic juice f ! pancreas or sweetbreads1 & bo? are p\r$ into ! inte/9es ne> ! same po9t1 s t !y act toge!r4 ,! f]m5ts !y conta9 act 9 ! foll[+ ways3 ,!y *ange />* into sug>1 fat into fatty comp\nds1 !y curdle milk1 & conv]t prote9 comp\nds into soluble peptones4 ,! process ( dige/ion is f9ally end$ 9 ! inte/9es1 :]e absorption into ! sy/em takes place4 ,!re is no op5+ at all f ! b[els into ! body1 b ! dige/ive nutrim5t is pick$ up by ! blood :5 h&$ into ! body f ! inte/9es by means ( c\ntless little cells call$ villi1 t l9e ! walls ( ! inte/9es4 ,^! villi cells h little hair-l projections ext5d+ into ! inte/9es1 :i* con/antly move2 ^! protrusions1 z !y move ab\t1 cat* on to ! dige/$ nutrim5t1 draw x into ! cells !mselves1 :]e x is h&$ on to ! blood1 :5 x is lat] on di/ribut$ to all p>ts ( ! body4 ,y c realize t an imm5se numb] ( ^! absorption cells are pres5t :5 ! l5g? ( ! inte/9e is consid]$4 ,9 ! ox ! inte/9e is ne>ly #bjj feet long4 ,aft] ! nutrim5t is drawn f ! food ! undige/$ portions are void$ p]iodically z feces or dung4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/oma* ,,( ,,rum9ant ,! f\r ma9 divisions ( ! rum9ant's /oma* are pictur$ "h4 ,! fir/ ?ree divisions are ! /ore-h\ses = food until x is fully prep>$ = ! f\r? /oma* or abomasum4 ,absorption ( ! ,nutrim5t4--,dige/ion1 !re=e1 is a dissolv+ process2 food is admitt$ to ! sy/em by means ( cells4 ,y rememb] t all plant food fir/ passes into a soluble /ate be=e x c ent] ! roots & be convey$ to ! p>ts ( ! plants t require additional food = gr[?4 ,9 ! case ( plants ! entrance is by means ( ! root hairs4 ,9 ! case ( ! animal1 entrance 9 ! body is by means ( ! villi cells t l9e ! inte/9es4 ,f ?is we see t dige/ion is bo? an intricate & delicate process4 ,any loss ( appetite1 any di/urbance ( ! dige/ion "w1 & any irregul>ity ( ! b[els be> decid$ results1 "o way or ! o!r1 to ! re/ ( ! sy/em2 & any di/urbance ( ! body at o!r po9ts1 al?\gh hav+ no direct relation to ! dige/ion sy/em1 soon] or lat] affects ! dige/ion & 9 s do+ causes additional tr\ble4 ,directly affect+ dige/ion may be improp] food1 ei!r liquid or solid2 & ov]-ex]cise or n en\gh ( x may prove tr\blesome1 = ex]cise is cle>ly relat$ to dige/ion4 ,:5 ! dige/ion process is di/urb$1 air or gas may accumulate 9 ! /oma* or b[els & give rise to colic or hov54 ,a wat]y action ( ! inte/9es1 due to inflammation or irritation1 may lead to dys5t]y & ent]itis2 or "s ob/ruction l a hair-ball or a clov] fuzzy ball1 or ! knott+ ( ! inte/9es1 may occur1 tempor>ily or p]man5tly impair+ dige/ion s s]i\sly (t5 z to cause dea? itself4 ,,circulation ,z wat] 9 ! plant is ! c>ri] ( plant food ?r\gh\t ! plant1 s is blood ! c>ri] & di/ributor ( food 9 ! animal4 ,:5 food is absorb$1 x ei!r passes into ! lymphatic sy/em or into ! capill>ies ( ! blood sy/em4 ,if 9 ! =m]1 x is c>ri$ to ! ?oracic duct1 :i* ext5ds along ! sp9al column & ent]s "o ( ! ma9 blood vessels4 ,if collect$ by ! capill>y sy/em1 x is c>ri$ to ! portable ve91 !nce to ! liv] & f9ally to ! he>t1 :]e x meets ) ! blue blood collect$ f all p>ts ( ! body4 ,at ?is po9t1 ! blood conta9s bo? ! nutrim5t & ! wa/e matt] ( ! body4 ,be=e x c be s5t ?r\gh ! body aga9 ! wa/e mat]ial mu/ be ?r[n out ( ! sy/em by means ( ! lungs4 ,?is is accompli%$ by ! he>t =c+ to ! lungs ! impure blood ) its impurities collect$ f all p>ts ( ! body & also ! nutrim5t collect$ f ! dige/ive tract4 ,! *ief organs1 !re=e1 ( ! circulatory sy/em are ! blood & lymphatic vessels conta9+ respectively blood & lymph4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two mat]ials is 9 ! fact t lymph is blood )\t ! r$-blood corpuscles4 ,! body1 aft] all1 really dep5ds ^u ?is lymph = n\ri%m5t1 s9ce x w&]s to all p>ts ( ! body1 surr\nds all ! cells 9 all ( ! tissues & 9 ?is way c>ries to ! cells ! v k9ds ( food t !y ne$4 ,lymph ,passes ,?r\gh ,cell ,walls4--,! blood vessels h no op5+s into ! body at all4 ,9 ?is respect ! blood sy/em is l ! dige/ive sy/em2 x is sep>ate & di/9ct 9 itself4 ,! blood1 h[ev]1 does creep ?r\gh ! walls ( ! blood vessels4 ,9 s do+ ! blood corpuscles are left beh9d & lymph is ! result4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,! ,,blood ,,circulates ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,body ,! c5t] ( ! blood sy/em is ! he>t4 ,x is ! eng9e ( ! body4 ,go+ out f x is ! great aorta1 :i* subdivides into art]ies & f>!r away fur!r subdivides until !re is a great network ( little art]ies2 ^! 9 turn become v t9y & take ! "n ( capill>ies4 ,?us ! r$ blood1 by means ( art]ies & capill>ies1 is c>ri$ to all p>ts ( ! body4 ,?is plan ( di/ribution w\ld n be complete unless "s way 7 provid$ = ! return ( ! blood to ! he>t & lungs = purification4 ,& j su* an arrangem5t has be5 provid$4 ,ano!r k9d ( network collects ?is scatt]$ blood at ! extremities into sep>ate vessels1 :i* gradually increase 9 size & f9ally empty _! possessions into ! he>t4 ,^! are ! ve9s ( ! body1 & h to d ) ! impure blood ( ! body4 ,h[ ! ,he>t ,does ,its ,"w4--,! p[] back ( blood di/ribution is ! he>t4 ,x is an automatic pump1 z x 71 t s5ds blood to ! lungs & ?r\gh ! art]ies to all p>ts ( ! body4 ,! he>t is divid$ into f\r divisions3 ! left & "r v5tricles & ! "r & left auricles4 ,! "r auricle receives ! blood f ! upp] half ( ! body ?r\gh a l>ge ve9 & ! l[] half ( ! body ?r\gh ano!r l>ge ve91 & ! blood f bo? lungs empties into ! left auricle ?r\gh two left & two "r pulmon>y ve9s4 ,! l>ge art]ies ( ! he>t :i* c>ry ! blood f ! he>t to ! diff]5t organs arise f ! v5tricle4 ,! blood always fl[s 9 ! same direction4 ,x goes into ! auricle f ! ve9s1 & f ?is into ! v5tricle4 ,x !n passes into ! art]ies1 !n to ! ve9s & !n to ! capill>ies4 ,! action ( ! he>t is v mu* l a =ce pump2 ! d>k blood fl[s into ! "r auricle1 :i* contracts2 :5 ?is is done1 ! blood is =c$ into ! "r v5tricle2 ?is 9 turn contracts & =ces ! blood into ! lungs1 :]e oxyg5 is tak5 on & c>bonic acid gas & o!r impurities are ?r[n (f4 ,f ! lungs ! blood1 n[ r$ & pure1 passes into ! left auricle & !nce into ! left v5tricle1 f :i* x is =c$ into ! aorta to be di/ribut$ to all p>ts ( ! body4 ,we n[ see ! close connection exi/+ betwe5 ! dige/ive sy/em & ! circulatory sy/em4 ,! dige/$ food 9 ! inte/9es is ga!r$ 9 by villi cells4 ,! "q c n[ be ask$1 ,:at d ^! cells d ) ?is nutrim5t or dige/$ food8 ,!y p\r x into ! absorb5t vessels or lymphs1 z !y are call$2 ^! 9 turn empty ! assimilat$ /ores ( food into l>g] & /ill l>g] vessels1 :i* cont9ues until ! :ole ( ! nutritive fluid is collect$ into "o great duct or tube1 :i* p\rs its cont5ts into ! l>ge ve9s at ! base ( ! neck1 f :5ce x is c>ri$ into ! circulatory sy/em1 ! v basis ( :i* is ! blood4 ,,respiration ,! d>k & impure blood1 aft] return+ to ! he>t1 is s5t to ! lungs4 ,x is1 :5 collect$ f ! body1 j be=e be+ s5t to ! lungs d>k1 dull & load$ ) worn-out matt]4 ,x mu/ n[ be s5t to ! lungs1 :]e x may be spread ov] ! delicate ?9 walls ( millions ( vesicles1 to be expos$ to ! air1 :i* is inhal$ by ! acts ( brea?+4 ,! blood gives (f ! brok5-d[n mat]ial & c>bonic acid gas v readily4 ,x is bo? unpleasant & disagreeable1 & ! blood cells f9d x v unattractive4 ,! cells ( ! blood1 h[ev]1 h a great attraction = oxyg51 consequ5tly ! cells absorb oxyg5 ) gre$9ess1 s t :5 ! blood returns to ! he>t x is fre% & bright & ready to take its j\rney back ov] ! body aga94 ,?is is done j ab\t e ?ree m9utes4 ,?is endless r\nd cont9ues until /opp$ =ev] by dea?4 ,! relation exi/+ betwe5 ! animal & plant functions is br\ght to light 9 ano!r way4 ,:5 ! plant 0 build+ tissue x releas$ oxyg5 & exhal$ x into ! air4 ,at ! same "t1 by means ( leaves1 x ga!r$ 9 ! c>bonic acid to use 9 plant build+4 ,( c\rse ?is 0 got f ! air4 ,! animal 9 p]=m+ its functions & 9 build+ its tissue inhales oxyg5 f & exhales c>bonic acid gas into ! air4 ,?us x is t animals take up :at is unnecess>y to ! plant & ! plant uses :at is wa/e & poison to ! animal4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,! ,tee? ,z ,an ,indication ( ,age ,:5 a colt is born ! fir/ & second tempor>y mol>s1 ?ree on ea* jaw1 are to be se54 ,^! are l>ge :5 comp>$ ) ! size ( ^? t lat] replace !m4 ,9 f five to t5 days aft] bir? ! two c5tral incisors or nipp]s make _! appe>ance4 ,9 ?ree or f\r weeks ! ?ird tempor>y mol>s appe>1 foll[$ )9 a c\ple ( mon?s by an additional incisor on ea* side ( ! fir/ two1 bo? above & bel[4 ,! corn] incisors appe> betwe5 ! n9? & twelf? mon?s aft] bir?4 ,?is makes ! full set ( tee?--tw5ty-f\r 9 numb]4 ,!re is n[ no *ange 9 numb]1 al?\gh !re is consid]able *ange tak+ place all ! "t2 ! incisor tee?1 9 rubb+ aga9/ ea* o!r1 are m or less worn1 giv+ rise to ! expression 8los+ ! m>k40 ,! two mol>s pres5t at bir? rema9 until ! animal is ab\t ?ree ye>s old1 at :i* "t !y fall out ( _! sockets by ! protrusion ( ! second set1 or p]man5t mol>s4 ,?is *ange f tempor>y to p]man5t tee? takes place usually )\t difficulty & )\t tr\ble4 ,! p]man5t tee? pu% _! way up f bel[ cr[d+ ^? 9 view4 ,:ile ?is pu%+ & cr[d+ is go+ on ! tempor>y tee? are los+ gr\nd1 = ! reason _! roots are be+ absorb$1 & a "t comes :5 ! cap only is left atta*$ to ! gums4 ,?is cap drops out & ! new or p]man5t too? soon is e/abli%$ 9 its place4 ,,los+ ,,( ,,tempor>y ,,tee? ,accord+ to ! obs]vation ( ,mayo1 ! tempor>y incisors are replac$ by p]man5t tee? z foll[s3 8,! two c5tral incisors are %$ at ab\t two & a half ye>s1 & ! p]man5t ones are up #89 we>' at ?ree ye>s4 ,! lat]al incisors are %$ at ?ree & a half & ! p]man5t ones are up & 9 we> at f\r ye>s4 ,! corn] incisors are %$ at f\r & a half & ! p]man5t ones are up & 9 we> at five4 8,! mol>s are erupt$ & replac$ z foll[s3 ,! f\r? mol> on ea* jaw 7:i* is always a p]man5t mol>7 is erupt$ at t5 to twelve mon?s2 ! fif? p]man5t mol> at two to two & a half ye>s1 & ! six? usually at f\r & a half to five4 ,! fir/ & second mol>s1 :i* are tempor>y1 are %$ & replac$ by p]man5t ones at two to ?ree ye>s ( age4 ,! ?ird tempor>y mol> is replac$ by a p]man5t "o at ?ree & a half ye>s4 ,9 males1 ! can9e or bridle tee? are erupt$ at ab\t f\r & a half ye>s ( age4 ,at ab\t five ye>s ( age a horse is said to h a full m\? ( p]man5t tee?40 ,,! ,,m>k ,,9 ,,! ,,too? ,horsem5 make use ( ! 8m>k 9 ! too?0 = det]m9+ ! age betwe5 five & elev54 ,9 exam9+ tee? y obs]ve t two b&s ( enamel are to be se52 "o ext]ior1 t surr\nds ! too?1 ! o!r int]ior1 :i* is t]m$ ! cas+ enamel4 ,x is ?is latt]1 or 8date cavity10 t is us$ to tell ! age4 ,! m>k 9 ! too? is occasion$ by ! food black5+ ! holl[ pit4 ,?is is =m$ on ! surface by ! b5d+ 9 ( ! enamel1 :i* passes ov] ! surface ( ! tee?1 &1 by ! gradual we>+ d[n ( ! enamel f friction1 & ! consequ5t disappe>ance ( x1 ! age c be det]m9$ = a p]iod ( sev]al ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lumpy ,,jaw ,! disease is caus$ by ! ray fungus4 ,! result is local tumors 9 ! bones & o!r tissues4 ,:5 a horse has atta9$ 8 six? ye> ! m>k on ! c5tral or middle incisors or nipp]s ( ! l[] jaw w be completely worn (f1 leav+1 h[ev]1 a little diff]5ce ( color 9 ! c5t] ( ! tee?4 ,! cem5t :i* fills ! hole produc$ by ! dipp+ 9 ( ! enamel w be some:at br[n] ?an t ( ! o!r portions ( ! too?1 & w exhibit evid5t pro(s ( ! edge be+ surr\nd$ by enamel4 ,at sev5 ye>s ! m>ks 9 ! f\r middle incisors are worn out & are spe$ily disappe>+ 9 ! corn] ones4 ,^! disappe> entirely at ! age ( eight2 ?us all m>ks are oblit]at$ at ?is age on ! l[] jaw2 ! surface ( ! tee? are level & ! =m ( ! tee? *anges to a m oval =m4 ,! m>ks on ! upp] jaw are /ill pres5t1 s9ce !re has be5 less friction & we> on !m4 ,at n9e ! m>ks disappe> f ! c5tral upp] incisors1 at t5 f ! adjo9+ two1 & at elev5 f ! corn] tee?4 ,to tell ! age ( ! horse beyond ?is p]iod is difficult & unc]ta91 except by ^? v mu* exp]i5c$ 9 p]=m+ ! und]tak+4 ,! %ape ( ! tee?1 ! color & ! condition all ent] into ! det]m9ation b !re is no fa/ & fix$ rules aft] ! m>ks h disappe>$4 ,,tee? ,,( ,,cattle ,cattle h no incisor tee? on ! upp] jaw4 ,!y h eight incisors on ! l[] jaw4 ,accord+ to ,mayo1 ! tempor>y incisors are z foll[s3 8,! c5tral incisors or nipp]s are up at bir?1 ! int]nal lat]al at "o week old1 ! ext]nal lat]al at two weeks1 & ! corn] incisors at ?ree weeks old4 ,!y are replac$ by p]man5t incisors approximately z foll[s1 ?\gh !y v>y mu* m ?an 9 ! colt3 ,! c5tral incisors are replac$ at #ab to #ah mon?s2 ! int]nal lat]als at ab\t two & a half ye>s2 ! ext]nal lat]als at ?ree to ?ree & a half ye>s2 & ! corn] incisors at ab\t ?ree & a half ye>s4 ,9 ! horn$ cattle1 a r+ makes its appe>ance at ?ree ye>s ( age1 & a new r+ is add$ annually !reaft]40 ,,tee? ,,( ,,%eep ,%eep1 l cattle1 h no incisor tee? on ! upp] jaw4 ,l cattle1 !y h eight incisors on ! l[] jaw :5 ! m\? has rea*$ full age4 ,! *ange ( ! tee? occurs z foll[s3 ,at bir? ! lamb has two incisors1 foll[$ by two m v soon4 ,at ! end ( two weeks two m are out1 mak+ six incisors 9 all4 ,at ?ree weeks ( age two m h appe>$1 complet+ ! appe>ance ( ! tempor>y or milk tee?4 ,! p]man5t beg9 to replace ! tempor>y tee? betwe5 "o & "o & a half ye>s4 ,! two c5tral milk tee? are fir/ replac$ by two long] & /rong] tee?4 ,! lamb is n[ kn[n z a ye>l+4 ,at two ye>s ! two tee? adjo9+ ! c5tral incisors are replac$ by p]man5t ones2 at ?ree ! two adjo9+ ^! are replac$1 mak+ n[ six p]man5t incisors4 ,betwe5 f\r & f\r & a half ! la/ two p]man5t incisors appe> & ! %eep !n has a full m\?4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,exam9+ ,animals = ,s\ndness & ,heal? ,9 pur*as+ f>m /ock1 x is a good plan to deal ) reputable p only4 ,leave ! horse trad] alone4 ,he kn[s too _m tricks1 & if y are a /rang] to him y c be pretty c]ta9 t he w try "o on y--j = fun4 ,=tunately f>m]s sell to /rang]s m frequ5tly ?an !y buy ( !m1 & :5 !y seek new /ock !y deal l>gely ) bre$]s1 :o1 l !mselves1 are f>m]s & n giv5 to ! tricks ( l[ & disreputable me?ods2 nev]!less1 e pur*as] ( /ock %\ld be famili> ) animal =m & able to recognize defects & faults :5 he sees !m4 ,?is is z mu* 8 bus9ess z to bre$1 raise or fe$ ! /ock on 8 f>m4 ,,look+ ,,! ,,animal ,,ov] ,"k :at =m y want2 draft & spe$ repres5t diff]5t types1 s d dairy & beef4 ,) all classes ( f>m /ock !re are a few po9ts t are desirable 9 all /ock4 ,"o ( ^! is wid? betwe5 ! eyes4 ,no animal ( any bre$ or class possess$ ( a n>r[ =ehead is at all p]fect4 ,a wide =ehead is "o ( ! absolute beauties4 ,^! are desirable *>act]s ( all f>m animals2 !y repres5t culture & ref9em5t & good bre$+4 ,! pur*as] or bre$]1 !re=e1 %\ld n only "k con=mation1 b he %\ld "k quality4 ,,special ,,type ,,9 ,,horses ,our bre$s ( horses may be divid$ into ?ree g5]al classes4 ,^? us$ = spe$1 ^? = draft & ^? ) a mixture ( ! two--a g5]al purpose sort ( horse4 ,! spe$ or trott+ horse has its di/9ct type2 x has be5 evolv+ & develop+ ?r\gh a long s]ies ( ye>s4 ,briefly1 its con=mation may be describ$ z foll[s3 ,a wide =ehead1 fairly long head1 a long neck t is ?9 & agile1 a n>r[ *e/ z y look at x f ! front1 b v deep z y look f ! side1 long slop+ %\ld]s1 r long back1 a long horizontal cr\p1 small b>rel1 fairly long =e>m1 long cannon bones & feet t are well %ap$ & p]fect 9 e respect4 ,look+ at ! animal f ! side x %\ld be z high ov] ! hips or high] ?an ov] ! )]s4 ,! draft horse1 on ! o!r h&1 has a diff]5t con=mation4 ,!re is n t elongation ( 8 p>ts1 al?\gh !re is a symmetry ( p>ts & ( proportion4 ,!re %\ld be ! wid? betwe5 ! eyes2 ! clean1 neat face2 a graceful neck1 :i* %\ld be %ort] & m heavily muscl$ ?an t ( ! spe$ horse4 ,! *e/ %\ld be wide1 bo? f ! front & side1 ! back %ort b heavily muscl$1 ! cr\p /rong & n s horizontal z ) ! spe$ type1 ! qu>t]s heavily muscl$ & ! cannon bone %ort4 ,! feet %\ld be z p]fect z ^? ( ! spe$ horse4 ,9 bo? types ! knee %\ld be ?ick1 deep1 & broad & ! hocks wide4 ,! n>r[ hock is n s well able to /& heavy /ra91 consequ5tly curb diseases readily foll[ :]e ! con=mation %[s n>r[ hocks4 ,ano!r diff]5ce betwe5 ! two types is f\nd 9 ! muscles4 ,! spe$ type ?r\gh\t has long1 ?91 n>r[ muscles--muscles t /ret* a long way & contract quickly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bad ,,attitudes ,,due ,,to ,,con=mation ,9 ! fir/1 ! toes are turn$ out4 ,! middle picture %[s 9-kne$ attitude & ! ?ird %[s 9-turn$ toes4 ,:e!r /&+ or travel+1 ! appe>ance is unpleasant & mitigates aga9/ ! value ( ! animals4 ,) ! draft horse x is diff]5t3 ! muscles are %ort]1 b !y are heavy2 !y are less quick 9 _! action1 b !y are m p[]ful4 ,9 bo? types good proportions are always desirable4 ,! wid? betwe5 ! eyes %\ld be z mu* or m ?an "o-?ird ! l5g? ( ! head4 ,! di/ance f ! po9t ov] ! %\ld]s to ! gr\nd %\ld be ab\t equal to ! di/ance f ! po9t ov] ! hips to ! gr\nd2 & 9 turn ?is di/ance1 :atev] x is1 %\ld be ab\t equal to ! l5g? ( ! horse f ! po9t ( ! %\ld] to ! po9t ( ! buttock4 ,look+ at ! horse 9 front if a l9e be dropp$ f ! po9t ( ! %\ld] x %\ld halve ! =e leg1 ! knee1 ! cannon1 & ! ho(4 ,& ! wid? ( ! ?ird ho(1 if plac$ betwe5 ! two front feet1 %\ld give ! attitude t is desirable4 ,look+ at ! horse f ! re>1 ! same attitude is to be obs]v$4 ,( c\rse1 _m horses d n possess ^! qualities & proportions2 & because !y d n is ! v reason t _! beauty1 effici5cy1 & value are less4 ,,exam9+ ,,animals ,,9 ,,! ,,/able ,9 go+ into ! /able look ! animals ov] quietly4 ,obs]ve h[ !y /&1 brea!1 eat1 & act g5]ally4 ,are !y n]v\s8 ,does "o sw+ 8 head f side to side8 ,does he kick1 paw1 put back 8 e>s1 or does he h any ( ! o!r common /able vices t are unpleasant & undesirable8 ,z y look ab\t & pass back & =?1 y w get ! evid5ce ( ^! /able vices1 if su* are to be f\nd4 ,look p>ticul>ly = cribb+1 w9d suck+1 kick+ & cr[d+4 ,paw+ is j z bad4 ,if y want animals ) good /able mann]s pass by ^? possess+ ^! ugly faults4 ,! next /ep is to exam9e ! animals individually2 ^? t 8look good0 to y4 ,no d\bt y w f9d "s t d n int]e/ y = "o reason or ano!r4 ,^! ne$ no fur!r att5tion1 unless y h ov]look$ "s fact1 9 :i* case y\r att5tion w likely be call$ to x4 ,9 mak+ ! individual exam9ation1 g up to ! animal 9 ! /all1 place y\r h& on ! hip1 & g5tly press x4 ,if no /r+halt afflicts ! horse1 he w move ov]1 all[+ y to pass into ! /all4 ,! same applies to ! c[4 ,if well tra9$1 %e w make room = y by mov+ ov] at ! same "t1 if y d ?is on ! prop] side1 & %e w put back h] h9d foot1 z if %e 7 ab\t to be milk$4 ,?is casual obs]vation w\ld n be possible if =ce 7 us$ or ! animal excit$ by l\d comm&s or by a :ip or /rap4 ,! halt] tea*es its lesson also4 ,a heavy rope or lea!r sugge/s t ! animal has a pull+ back vice1 a habit y want to avoid4 ,light halt]s = horses & cattle are to be pref]r$ to *a9s1 heavy lea!r1 or ropes4 ,,real ,,te/ ,,is ,,out ,,( ,,doors ,n[ t y h se5 all ( ! animals = sale1 ask ! own] to lead !m out ( doors = a m c>eful exam9ation4 ,9 ?is y w inspect ! animal v c>efully 9 ord] to be c]ta9 ( ! con=mation1 defects1 & blemi%es1 & to acqua9t y\rself specifically z to heal? & disposition4 ,ca/ y\r eyes ov] ! animal1 front1 side1 & re>4 ,pass ar\nd ! animal1 keep+ "s di/ance away4 ,by s do+ y c judge ( type & con=mation1 ( proportions & attitudes2 = ea* ( ^! is important4 ,a beefy-look+ c[1 ) a ?ick neck1 squ>e body & small udd] w n suit y = milk4 ,nei!r w a c[ ) a long1 ?9 neck1 op51 angul> body1 ?9 ?ighs1 & heavy1 deep paun* meet y\r ne$s if y are seek+ bre$+ /ock = beef production4 ,if y are exam9+ a horse1 keep 9 m9d ! purpose = :i* y are select+4 ,rememb] ! long1 ?9 neck1 v oblique %\ld]1 long cannon1 long back1 & long ?9 muscles are n adequate = draft4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y want a horse = road purposes1 avoid ! heavy muscles1 ! %ort neck1 ! heavy cr\p1 & ! heavy ?ighs4 ,^! mean draft--an animal = heavy "w4 ,,special ,,type ,,9 ,,cattle ,! milk c[ %\ld h a v s(t1 mell[ sk91 & f9e1 silky hair4 ,! head %\ld be n>r[ & long1 ) great wid? betwe5 ! eyes4 ,?is la/-m5tion$ *>act]i/ic is an indication ( great n]v\s =ce1 an important quality = ! heavy milk]4 ,! neck ( ! good dairy c[ is long & ?91 ! %\ld]s ?9 & li! & n>r[ at ! top4 ,! back is op51 ?91 & tap]+ t[>d ! tail4 ,! hips are wide ap>t & cov]$ ) little meat4 ,! good c[ is also ?9 9 ! regions ( ! ?igh & flank1 b v deep ?r\gh ! /oma* gir?1 made s by long op5 ribs4 ,! udd] is l>ge1 atta*$ well =w>d on ! abdom51 & high beh9d4 ,x %\ld be full1 b n fle%y4 ,! lacteal or milk ve9s ought also to be l>ge & ext5d consid]ably t[>d ! front legs4 ,! beef c[ is altoge!r diff]5t3 %e is squ>e 9 %ape1 full & broad ov] ! back & lo9s1 & possesses dep? & quality1 especially 9 ^! regions4 ,! hips are ev5 ) fle%1 ! legs full & ?ick1 ! "u l9e p>allel ) ! /raight back4 ,! neck is full & %ort1 ! eyes bright1 ! face %ort1 ! bones ( f9e texture1 ! sk9 s(t & pliable1 & ! fle% mell[1 ela/ic1 & ri* 9 quality4 ,9 o!r words1 a beef c[ is squ>e & blocky1 :ile ! dairy c[ is w$ge-%ap$ & angul>4 ,! "o /ores nutrim5t 9 h] body2 ! o!r gives x (f4 ,! "o is a mis]1 & /ores all t %e gets into h] sy/em2 ! o!r is a philan?ropi/ & gives away all t comes into h] possession4 ,x w be se51 !re=e1 t ! two types are radically diff]5t4 ,?is diff]5ce is due to bre$+1 n to fe$+1 nor to managem5t4 ,if y are seek+ good milk c[s1 y mu/ look = =m & con=mation4 ,if y are look+ = beef c[s1 y mu/ also look = =m & con=mation1 b ( a diff]5t k9d4 ,) ?is k to back y up & to guide y1 y are n[ ready to make an exam9ation ( animals t w meet y\r purpose4 ,,go+ ,,ov] ,,! ,,animal ,,9 ,,detail ,aft] mak+ ^! g5]al obs]vations y are n[ ready to exam9e ! animal4 ,beg9 ) ! head4 ,h[ is ! eye8 ,dull1 weak1 )\t animation8 ,if s1 be on y\r gu>d4 ,! good eye %[s brightness1 intellig5ce1 & x mu/ be free f specks4 ,by plac+ ! h& ov] ! eye = a few mom5ts y w be able to detect its s5sitiv5ess to light4 ,d y f9d any dis*>ge ( any k9d f ! eye8 ,if s1 "s inflammation is pres5t4 ,try to asc]ta9 ! cause4 ,! ,no/ril ,z ,an ,index4--,a l>ge1 op5 no/ril is desirable4 ,look = t "* fir/4 ,n[ obs]ve ! color ( ! l9+4 ,to be j "r1 x %\ld be heal?y-look+1 ( a bright rose-p9k color1 & x %\ld be moi/4 ,a heal?y no/ril is "o free f sores1 ulc]s1 pimples1 & any unpleasant odor4 ,be c>eful "h2 an unscrupul\s deal] c v easily remove dis*>ges & odors by spong+ & wa%+1 & y may be deceiv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ewe ,,neck ,! neck is "o ( ! beauty po9ts ( ! horse4 ,9 pur*as+ animals look c>efully to con=mation & quality4 ,let ^! also be guid+ pr9ciples 9 bre$+4 ,look+ ,9 ! ,m\?4--,always look 9 ! m\?2 y h ! tongue1 tee?1 jaws1 & gl&s to see4 ,naturally1 y1 l e o!r p]son1 consid] ! tee? fir/2 y want to be c]ta9 ( ! age4 ,?is feature is discuss$ else:]e 9 ?is book1 & all 9 addition t ne$s to be said is 9 ref]5ce to ! %ape ( ! tee?1 :e!r or n !y are diseas$ or worn away by age or by con/ant cribb+ ( ! mang]4 ,( c\rse ^! facts y w ?9k ( z y exam9e ! m\?4 ,give ! tongue a second ( y\r "t4 ,if x is sc>r$ & %[s r\gh treatm5t a h>% bit is likely ! cause1 due to its ne$ 9 driv+ & h&l+4 ,!n give a ?\ght to ! gl&s :ile "h4 ,enl>g$ gl&s may indicate "s scr(ul\s or gl&]\s condition ( ! sy/em4 ,neck & ,?roat4--,a beautiful neck & ?roat is an absolute beauty 9 ! horse or c[4 ,! sk9 %\ld be ?91 mell[1 & s(t1 & ! hair n ov] ?ick nor co>se4 ,look = poll-evil at ! top ( ! neck & head4 ,see if swell+s1 lumps or h>d places are to be f\nd at ! sides ( ! neck1 or und]nea? jo9+ ! ?roat4 ,i h f\nd su* v frequ5t ) dairy cattle2 & cases are n unusual ) horses4 ,frequ5tly sc>s are to be f\nd on ! sides or bottom ( ! neck4 ,^! may be due to scrat*es caus$ by nails1 b>b-wire or "s simil> accid5t1 & aga9 !y may h be5 caus$ by sores1 tumors1 or o!r bad quality ( ! blood4 ,body & ,back4--,pass+ ! side1 look ov] ! )]s = galls or fi/ul1 ! %\ld]s = tumors1 coll> puffs1 & swell+s4 ,obs]ve at ! same "t if !re is any wa/+ ( ! muscles on ! outside along ! %\ld]4 ,n[ ! back4 ,is x "r z to %ape8 ,d y f9d any evid5ce ( sores or tumors8 ,look = ^! along ! sides & belly4 ,n[ /oop a bit & look "u2 d y f9d any?+ diff]5t f :at is natural8 ,9 males look = tumor or disease ( ! p5is2 d ! same ) ! scrotum1 &1 9 case ( geld+s scrut9ize c>efully to see if !y be ridgel+s4 ,:ile mak+ ?is exam9ation1 if ! animal is n]v\s & fretful1 y c help matt]s along if an assi/ant holds up a =e leg4 ,take ! same precaution :5 exam9+ ! h9d qu>t]s & legs4 ,by do+ s1 y w avoid be+ kick$ & c run ov] ! p>ts m quickly & satisfactorily4 ,be=e leav+ ! body obs]ve if ! hips are equally develop$1 & ! animal ev5ly balanc$ 9 ?is region4 ,bo? horses & cattle are liable to hip injury1 "o ( ! hips be+ frequ5tly knock$ d[n4 ,make sure t bo? are s\nd & natural4 ,=e ,legs & ,front ,feet4--,n[ /ep to ! front aga9 = a c>eful exam9ation ( ! front legs & feet4 ,/>t+ ) ! elb[1 exam9e = capp$ elb[2 n[ ! knee4 ,x %\ld be wide1 long1 & deep1 & at ! same "t free f any bony enl>gem5ts4 ,! knees mu/ /& /rong1 too4 ,is ! leg /raight8 ,d y obs]ve any t5d5cy ( ! knee to lean =w>d out ( l9e1 %[+ or indicat+ a 8knee sprung0 condition8 ,j bel[ ! knee1 d y f9d any cuts or bun*es or sc>s due to int]f]5ce ( ! o!r foot 9 travel8 ,look "h also = spl9ts2 foll[ along ) ! f+]s to see if spl9ts are pres5t--on ! inside ( ! leg4 ,be p>ticul> ab\t ! cannon4 ,! front %\ld be smoo?--y want no bun*es or sc>s4 ,j above ! fetlock feel = w9d puffs2 & note if ab\t ! fetlock & pa/]n jo9ts !re are any indications ( ei!r r+bones1 bun*es1 or puffs4 ,n[ look = side bones2 if pres5t1 y w f9d !m j at ! top ( ! ho(4 ,!y may be on ei!r side4 ,sidebones are objectionable1 & are ! lat]al c>tilages *ang$ into a bony /ructure4 ,give ! foot consid]able att5tion4 ,! old law ( ! anci5ts1 8no feet1 no horse10 is c]ta9ly true 9 our day4 ,y c ov]look _m o!r imp]fections & tr\bles 9 ! horse1 b if ! feet are bad y d n h mu* ( a horse4 ,a good foot is well %ap$1 ) a heal?y-look+ ho( & no indication ( disease ei!r n[ or ev] be=e4 ,see t ! %ape is agreeable4 ,a concave wall is n to be desir$1 & ! heels are n to be contract$4 ,! wall %\ld be p]fect--no s& cracks1 qu>t] crack1 or s(t5+ ( ! wall at ! toe ( ! foot4 ,exam9e = ,corns4--,^! are bo? tr\blesome & cause mu* lam5ess4 ,a heal?y frog1 un9jur$ by ! knife or ! blacksmi? or o!r cause is v mu* to be pref]r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anatomy ,,( ,,! ,,foot ,! delicate nature ( ! foot is readily recogniz$ :5 ! v>i\s p>ts are consid]$ 9 _! relation to ea* o!r4 ,h9d ,legs & ,feet4--,9 exam9+ ^! regions give ! hocks ( ! horse special att5tion4 ,no defect is m s]i\s ?an bone spav94 ,y c1 z a rule1 detect ?is by /&+ 9 front ( ! horse j a little to ! side4 ,if !re is any "q ab\t ! matt]1 /ep ar\nd to ! o!r side & view ! opposite leg4 ,?is comp>ison w let y out ( ! difficulty1 z x is v unusual t ?is defect %\ld be ^u bo? legs at ! same po9t & develop$ to ! same degree4 ,a spav9 is undesirable = ! reason t x (t5 produces s]i\s lam5ess1 :i* frequ5tly is p]man5t4 ,z x is a bone enl>gem5t1 x is some?+ t _c be rem$i$4 ,if y are seek+ good horses1 bett] reject su* z h any spav9 defect4 ,9 ?is same region betwe5 ! hock & ! fetlock curbs tr\bles are locat$4 ,!y appe> at ! l[] "p ( ! hock1 directly beh9d4 ,y c readily detect any enl>gem5t if y w /ep back five or six feet4 ,! curb1 :ile x may n produce lam5ess1 is altoge!r undesirable4 ,x looks bad2 x %[s a weakness 9 ! hock region & (t5 is caus$ by ov]work1 consequ5tly ! animal ) curb disease is "o t has n measur$ up to ! "w dem&$ ( him4 ,j above & to ! re> ( ! hock ! ?or\gh-p9 disease appe>s1 & j 9 front ( & slightly t[>d ! inn] side ( ! hock bog spav9 is sometimes to be f\nd4 ,lam5ess may come f ei!r ( ^! diseases4 ,small tumors1 puffs & o!r defects frequ5tly %[ !mselves on ! h9d legs & ! be/ way is to reject animals hav+ !m4 ,:ile "s ( ^! may be caus$ by accid5t1 ! mo/ ( !m are ! result ( bad con=mation1 due to h]$ity1 unimprov$ blood & bad ance/ors4 ,,exam9+ ,,= ,,lam5ess ,lam5ess comes f _m causes2 maybe f sor5ess1 f disease or f w\nds4 ,& lam5ess is h>d to detect4 ,frequ5tly x seems to be 9 ! %\ld]1 :5 9 fact x is a puncture 9 ! foot4 ,aga9 x may seem to be 9 ! fetlock1 b ! tr\ble is 9 ! %\ld] or =e leg4 ,y mu/ exam9e = lam5ess bo? 9 ! /able & out ( ! /able4 ,if y f9d ! horse /&+ squ>ely ^u ?ree feet & re/+ ! f\r? foot1 y %\ld be suspici\s4 ,if y move ! horse ab\t & he assumes ! same attitude aga9 & /ill aga91 y c be c]ta9 t he is assum+ t position because he wants to re/ "s "p ( t memb]4 ,9 te/+ out ! horse = lam5ess1 let no excitem5t prevail4 ,"u su* excitem5t ! horse =gets 8 lam5ess or sor5ess = ! "t be+1 & y d n note ! tr\ble4 ,a quiet1 sl[ walk or trot on z h>d a road z possible is a desirable sort ( exam9ation to give4 ,,te/+ ,,! ,,w9d ,! free brea?+ ( a horse may be int]f]$ )1 & = two reasons4 ,ro>+ or :i/l+1 z x is call$1 is a s]i\s disease ( ! ?roat1 &1 at ! same "t1 an incurable disease4 ,! second disease is kn[n z heaves or bell[s1 & is also a mo/ s]i\s disease1 because x is also incurable4 ,by ! use ( drugs relief may be giv5 tempor>ily1 b no p]man5t cure foll[s4 ,unscrupul\s deal]s w resort to dos+ = ! "t be+1 or until a sale is made4 ,y %\ld gu>d aga9/ ?is tr\ble1 h[ev]1 = x is "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s t a horse c h4 ,^u ?is subject1 ,butl] has ! foll[+ to say3 8,to te/ ! w9d & look = two s]i\s conditions & o!rs :i* may be pres5t1 ! animal %\ld be made to run at ! top ( 8 spe$ = "s consid]able di/ance--a c\ple hundr$ y>ds or m4 ,practically ?is run or gallop %\ld be up hill1 :i* w make ! te/ all ! bett]4 ,aft] giv+ ! horse ?is gallop1 /op him sudd5ly1 /ep closely up to him & li/5 to any unusual noise1 indicat+ ob/ruction ( ! air passages1 & also obs]ve ! movem5ts ( ! flanks = any evid5ce ( ! big d\ble j]ky expulsion ( ! air f ! lungs *>act]i/ic ( heav]s40 ,,te/+ ,,( ,,! ,,paces ,no exam9ation is complete t does n make a te/ ( ! paces4 ,y want to "k h[ fa/ ! horse c walk1 h[ he trots or paces or h[ he takes "s o!r gait4 ,"s horses make ^! movem5ts v gracefully2 o!rs v unmann]ly4 ,a well-act+ horse is "o t moves smoo?ly1 regul>ly1 :o picks up 8 feet actively & :o places !m firmly 9 _! position reg>dless ( ! gr\nd or gait4 ,"s horses h a roll+ movem5t ( ! legs4 ,avoid ^!4 ,o!rs /ep on ! toe or heel4 ,^!1 too1 %\ld be avoid$4 ,!y sugge/ "s defect or bad con=mation4 ,! te/+ ( ! paces br+s all p>ts ( ! body into play & assi/s 9 cat*+ o!r blemi%es or defects t y may h ov]look$ 9 y\r previ\s exam9ation4 ,x gives y ano!r opportunity to exam9e ! w9d1 to obs]ve ! respiration1 ! he>t beat+s1 ! condition ( ! no/ril aft] "w2 x %[s y also h[ ! animal takes 8 pace & h[ he /&s4 ,all ( ?is w be ( value z indicat+ ! s\ndness & heal? ( ! individual "u obs]vation4 ,,consid]+ ,,= ,a ,,special ,,purpose ,n[1 z a la/ factor ( y\r exam9ation1 consid] ! uses to :i* ! animal is put4 ,if y are look+ = bre$+ animals be sure to "k t ! udd] is n injur$4 ,( :at use is a c[ ) a bad udd]8 ,h[ (t5 d we f9d a qu>t] ( ! udd] de/roy$ or a teat cut or s badly mangl$ z to be ( little use6 ,"s udd]s are dead1 heavy1 fle%y2 "s are diseas$1 lumpy2 & ev5 ?\gh ! animal is o!rwise good y mu/ reject h]4 ,if ! udd] is good1 sup]ior 9 _m respects1 & %[s great milk production1 y c (t5 af=d to ov]look o!r defects1 especially if ! result ( accid5t4 ,9 ! case ( horses1 a disease or blemi% due to accid5t may be ov]look$1 if ! "w to :i* ! animal w be subject$ does n int]f]e1 let u say1 = bre$+ purposes4 ,! horse has good con=mation1 good quality1 is heal?y & v sup]ior1 b un=tunately a leg 0 brok54 ,%all %e be reject$ z a bre$]8 ,no heavy "w w be requir$ ( h]--%e is want$ = colt rais+4 ,take h]2 ( c\rse y w pay less = h]4 ,?is accid5t int]f]es 9 no way ) h] value = bre$+ purposes4 ,_m cases ( accid5tal injuries are simil> to ?is example among cattle & horses4 ,a good rule is to reject ^? hav+ defects or blemi%es t int]f]e ) functional activity or ! "w to :i* y wi% to put !m4 ,!n1 z bre$]s1 reject all ) con/itutional defects1 z bad feet1 n>r[ hocks1 co>se disease-appe>+ bones1 & bad con=mation & scrubby "*4 ,,*apt] ,v ,w\nds & ,_! ,treatm5t ,illu/ration3 ,,fractures ,:5 a bone is brok5 into two or m p>ts x is said to be fractur$4 ,^! may be /raight across1 up & d[n1 or oblique4 ,ord9>y fractures are easily treat$ by spl9ts1 b sometimes fractures are s s]i\s z to de/roy ! value ( ! animal4 ,! /ockman has all sorts ( w\nds ) :i* to deal4 ,he may gu>d 8 animals ) ! c>e & caution ( a "m & /ill f9d con/ant bo!r & worry to face 9 ! daily managem5t ( 8 /ock4 ,today x may be a w\nd caus$ by a nail puncture 9 ! foot2 tomorr[ a cut occasion$ by a f5ce2 & !n almo/ imm$iately ano!r1 ! result ( a kick or a hook2 ) pati5ce ne>ly exhau/$1 n[ foll[ bruises ( _m sorts & unexpla9able lac]ations4 ,^! tr\bles occur on ! be/ manag$ f>ms4 ,!re is b "o ?+ to d3 meet ea* case z x occurs & l5d su* assi/ance z y c t nature may repair ! wreck$ tissue at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t4 ,,! ,,k9ds ,,( ,,w\nds ,w\nds fall into f\r classes3 ! clean-cut k9d made by some?+ %>p2 ! torn or lac]at$1 :]e ragg$ edges are left2 ! bruis$1 ! result ( cont9u$ pressure or kicks or a knock2 & ! punctur$1 l ! entrance ( a nail or spl9t] or gun%ot4 ,! latt] class is ! mo/ difficult 9 treat+1 = ! reason ( ! great] p5etration t may likely occur4 ,9 ! case ( gun%ot1 ! w\nd may be on ! surface1 or x may ext5d entirely ?r\gh ! region attack$1 or ev5 p5etrate "s vital organ l ! he>t or ! lungs or b[els1 & ei!r imm$iately or )9 a few days be ! cause ( dea?4 ,=tunately su* w\nds are r>e4 ,! /ockman may nev] h to deal ) !m at all4 ,!re are punctur$ w\nds t are common1 h[ev]2 "s1 inde$1 frequ5tly lead to dea?4 ,a nail w\nd is ! mo/ s]i\s1 p]haps4 ,x is likely t m cases ( tetanus or lockjaw are due to nail punctures ?an to all o!rs comb9$4 ,aft] ?is class comes ! lac]at$ k9d4 ,^! heal sl[ly2 ! tissue be+ torn & bruis$ is repair$ only ?r\gh ! sl\gh+ (f ( ! injur$ & n[ sup]flu\s p>ts4 ,z a result1 ev5 ) ! mo/ att5tive surgical help1 ! injur$ "p develops its expos$ sore1 end+ f9ally completely heal$1 b p]man5tly m>k$4 ,bruises may be equally bad1 long delay$ 9 heal+ & v pa9ful4 ,d y rememb] ! /one bruises ( boyhood days8 ,h[ long x requir$ to develop6 ,& ! pa96 ,i %all feel m9e = ages to come4 ,! clean-cut w\nds1 if n too s]i\s1 are ! lea/ difficult 9 treat+4 ,,fir/ ,,/ep ,,9 ,,treat+ ,! fl[ ( blood is usually associat$ ) ord9>y w\nds2 o!r ?an ) "s bruis$ & punctur$ w\nds ?is is always true4 ,frequ5tly a nail puncture gives (f no blood or x is n notic$4 ,h[ev]1 ! blood is pres5t1 =1 f ! v nature ( ! tr\ble1 blood ru%es to ! seat1 ?is be+ nature's way ( repair4 ,y\r fir/ /ep1 !re=e1 is to *eck ! excessive blood fl[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b&ag+ ,a ,,leg ,! me?od ( apply+ ! b&age is %[n "h4 ,! b&age may be wrapp$ directly ov] ! hair or ov] cotton saturat$ ) an antiseptic & plac$ ov] ! w\nd4 ,if left to itself ! blood might d x4 ,blood has ! trick ( coagulat+ or clott+2 & ?is 9 "t w *eck ! fl[4 ,b y c assi/ 9 =m+ ! clot v simply by apply+ "s f9ely gr\nd mat]ial t ! blood may be held on ! spot4 ,absorb5t cotton is ! be/ mat]ial to use4 ,9 case ?is is n available1 use some?+ ( l nature--some?+ t is clean1 n /or$ up ) g]ms4 ,tea is good1 z is fl\r also4 ,cold wat] acts favorably1 & = ! slight1 ord9>y surface w\nds wat] is usually suffici5t4 ,a few drops ( "s antiseptic 9 ! wat]1 if available1 is always advisable1 = ! fre%e/ wat] c>ries its full quota ( g]ms1 "s ( :i* may cause tr\ble4 ,a t9y bit ( alum p[d] w be f\nd bo? effective & n pa9ful4 ,cleans+ ! ,w\nd4--,aft] ! fl[ ( blood has be5 /opp$1 cleans+ ! w\nd is next 9 ord]4 ,all dirt %\ld be c>efully remov$1 ! injur$ fle% cleans$1 ! torn tissues br\ght toge!r & /it*$1 if ne$ be1 & antiseptics appli$4 ,! wat] us$ 9 ba?+ ! w\nd$ fle% %\ld conta9 an antiseptic1 t ! g]ms pres5t may be de/roy$ & no live ones admitt$ by wat] 9 cleans+ ! w\nd4 ,any good comm]cial antiseptic w d2 or ! old common ones1 l corrosive sublimate1 "o "p 9 a ?\s& p>ts ( wat]1 or c>bolic acid1 a teaspoonful 9 a qu>t ( wat]4 ,"s p[d]$ antiseptic l iod(orm is v desirable = du/+ into ! w\nd4 ,mak+ ! ,b&age4--,unless ! w\nd is ( little consequ5ce x %\ld be cov]$ & b&ag$ t no =eign elem5ts be admitt$ & t "s pressure may be giv5 to keep ! brok5 p>ts toge!r4 ,to secure ?is effect absorb5t cotton1 slightly moi/5$ ) ! antiseptic1 %\ld be laid on ! w\nd1 & firmly fa/5$ by /rips ( clean cotton clo?4 ,by w9d+ ?is b&age ar\nd & ab\t ! w\nd1 dress$ 9 ?is c>eful way1 ! w\nd w be protect$1 g]ms w be kept out & nature1 ?us re9=c$1 w be enabl$ to make a rapid recov]y4 ,unless ! b&age is di/urb$ 9 "s way !re is no ne$ ( *ang+ x "u tw5ty-f\r or ?irty-six h\rs4 ,if1 = any reason1 ! b&age is displac$1 dress z be=e1 & b&age aga94 ,special ,treatm5t4--,:5 a cut w\nd is deep or l>ge1 /it*+ is sometimes requir$1 t ! brok5 p>ts may be br\ght toge!r = m rapid heal+4 ,no?+ is bett] = ?is ?an a co>se ne$le & heavy ?read4 ,be=e /it*+1 h[ev]1 ! w\nd %\ld be ba!d z previ\sly describ$4 ,! ne$le & ?read %\ld be soak$ 9 ! antiseptic1 t no g]ms may be introduc$ by means ( !m4 ,n[ y are ready to make ! /it*es4 ,place ! ne$le ab\t an eigh? to a qu>t] ( an in* f ! edge ( ! w\nd across to ! opposite side4 ,br+ ! two ends toge!r & tie1 leav+ ! lips ( ! w\nd z close toge!r z possible4 ,if m ?an a s+le /it* is necess>y1 proce$ 9 ! same way1 plac+ ! second /it* ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! fir/ "o2 cont9ue z ) ! fir/ /it* if m are necess>y4 ,9 case a ne$le & ?read are n available1 p9s may be us$ 9 ! em]g5cy4 ,ins]t ! p9 ?r\gh ! two edges & br+ ! lips toge!r1 mak+ !m fa/ by a ?read or cord c>ri$ f "o end to ! o!r sev]al times1 alt]nat+ to ! "r & left z pres5t$ by ! figure eight4 ,sometimes ! w\nd enl>ges & becomes fev]i%4 ,if su* becomes v sev]e1 remove ! fa/5+s & ba! ! w\nd v g5tly1 us+ a mild antiseptic wa% ( tepid wat] 9 :i* c>bolic acid has be5 plac$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,heal? ,,& ,,disease ,9 ! upp] picture ! pigs are treat+ !mselves4 ,bel[ are %[n hogs :i* di$ dur+ %ipm5t to m>ket4 ,avoid any break+ ( ! heal+ tissue & d n h ! wa%+ solution too /rong1 else x may injure ! delicate tissue gr[?4 ,a teaspoonful ( c>bolic acid to a qu>t ( wat] is /rong en\gh4 ,) lac]at$ w\nds ! treatm5t is v simil>4 ,if ! w\nd goes bad & becomes spongy add a tablespoonful ( acetate ( lead & a tablespoonful ( sulphate ( z9c to ! antiseptic solution & apply twice daily4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mak+ ,,po/ ,,mortem ,,exam9ations ,! upp] "r h& picture %[s ! inte/9es ( a heal?y %eep4 ,on ! left nodule disease is discov]$4 ,! bottom picture illu/rates h[ a c>cass may be op5$ = ! exam9ation4 ,nail ,punctures4--,^! v frequ5tly cause tr\ble4 ,y h no way ( obs]v+ ! w\nd & y\r only way ( judg+ is f ! way ! animal walks or acts1 & if ! ho( is unduly hot4 ,locat+ lam5ess 9 ! /ifle jo9t is a common b inexcusable error1 z ! action result+ f lam5ess 9 ! two p>ts is entirely diff]5t4 ,! s-call$ gravel :i* is said to ent] ! sole ( ! foot & !n to "w out at ! heel is usually ! work+ out ( ! pus or ! matt] result+ f a nail puncture or a bruise4 ,if an animal becomes sudd5ly & sev]ely lame & !re be no evid5ce ( any injury to any o!r "p ( ! leg1 su* z swell+1 heat & pa9 ^u pressure1 x is always well to look = puncture 9 ! foot4 ,if ! animal /&s ) ! lame foot ext5d$ & :5 walk+ places ! lame foot well =w>d & br+s ! well foot up to x1 ! evid5ce ( puncture is /ill /rong]4 ,to exam9e ! foot prop]ly ! %oe %\ld be remov$4 ,x is n suffici5t to m]ely scrape ! bottom ( ! foot clean1 = if ! nail has pull$ out & ! horn sprung back 9 position1 all trace ( its entrance may h be5 oblit]at$4 ,to exam9e ! foot prop]ly1 tap ! ho( ) a hamm] or knife & ! exact spot may be def9itely locat$4 ,if ! injury is ( a few days' /&+1 additional heat 9 ! ho( &1 p]haps1 slight swell+ ( ! coronet may also be pres5t4 ,9 treat+ su* w\nds1 p>e away only su* p>ts ( ! ho( z necessity requires & introduce a bit ( cotton clo? roll$ z a /r+ by means ( a probe ( "s k9d4 ,bo? probe & cotton mu/ be treat$ ) ! antiseptic solution4 ,?is solution %\ld be a little /rong] ?an = fle% w\nds4 ,make ! solution by us+ a teaspoonful ( c>bolic acid to only a p9t ( wat]4 ,aft] ! cotton has be5 ins]t$ a few times & )drawn1 ea* "t a fre% cord be+ us$ & fully saturat$1 leave ! la/ "o 9 = a few h\rs & !n repeat ! treatm5t4 ,?is %\ld be done ?ree or f\r times ea* day4 ,! ma9 po9t 9 ! treatm5t ( nail puncture ( ! foot is to provide free exit to all matt] t may collect & keep ! p>ts z clean z possible4 ,if ?is be done1 ! matt] w n be compell$ to "w out at ! heels1 & no sep>ation or loss ( ho( w occur4 ,(t5 a v sev]e w\nd is made & ! treatm5t acts sl[ly4 ,9 case pr\d fle% accumulates1 x %\ld be burn$ away by a hot iron4 ,aft] ?is op]ation has be5 p]=m$1 ! cavity %\ld be fill$ ) balsam ( fir & cotton plac$ ov] x1 a piece ( heavy lea!r fitt$ to ! foot & held fa/ by ! replac$ %oe4 ,?is w usually end ! difficulty4 ,a vet]9>ian %\ld be call$ 9 case ! w\nd is sev]e or goes bad z ! treatm5t progresses4 ,treat+ ,bruises4--,9 treat+ bruises a diff]5t proc$ure is necess>y4 ,! brok5 tissue is conceal$--b5ea? ! sk9 & usually "u ! surface muscles4 ,ba?+ ) wat] & acetate ( lead--a qu>t ( wat] & two tablespoonfuls ( ! acetate--w t5d to less5 ! inflammation4 ,9 "t y may h to op5 ! swell+ = ! pus to get out4 ,aft] do+ s1 inject "s wa% = cleans+1 us+ "o qu>t ( wat] & a tablespoonful ( *loride ( z9c4 ,if ! swell+ rema9s1 apply twice ea* mon? a salve made by us+ "o teaspoonful ( b9iodide ( m]cury & ?ree tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,wa% occasionally1 us+ ! *loride ( z9c solution4 ,leg ,w\nds4--,cleanse ! w\nd ) a wa% compos$ ( "o tablespoonful ( acetate ( lead1 "o tablespoonful ( sulphate ( z9c1 f\r tablespoonfuls ( t9cture ( arnica & "o qu>t ( wat]4 ,use ?is wa% frequ5tly1 e h\r or s1 dur+ ! fir/ day4 ,aft] t ?ree or f\r applications w be suffici5t4 ,! sore %\ld be kept l[] ?an ! sk9 dur+ ! heal+ process4 ,if x t5ds to cr[d up1 apply a t9y bit--z mu* z y c place on a "o-c5t piece--( bi*loride ( m]cury4 ,?is w assi/ 9 gett+ an ev5 heal & ! sk9 w gr[ ov]1 leav+ no blemi% or swell+4 ,maggots 9 ,w\nds4--,if ! w\nd has be5 treat$ z sugge/$ above !re is no possibility ( any tr\ble f maggots4 ,^! come f a lack ( cleanl9ess & neglect4 ,( c\rse1 an animal (t5 gets a w\nd & ! own] is n aw>e ( ! mi%ap4 ,w\nds1 m or less infrequ5tly treat$1 ^? made z ! result ( ca/ration1 occasionally get infect$ ) maggots4 ,:51 = any cause1 maggots are pres5t1 !y mu/ be got rid ( at once4 ,a good plan is to use *lor(orm1 ei!r by spray+ or by ?r[+ x 9 ! w\nd 9 small drops f a sponge4 ,! dang] f maggots c usually be avoid$ if a mixture compos$ ( "o tablespoonful ( turp5t9e1 ?ree tablespoonfuls ( t> & two tablespoonfuls ( l>d or fi% oil be sme>$ all ar\nd ! bord] ( ! w\nd4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,mak+ a ,po/ ,mortem ,exam9ation ,ev5 on ! be/-manag$ /ock f>ms "s animals d get sick & die4 ,good c>e & good nurs+ may be giv51 b ! sick animal frequ5tly does n recov]--dea? (t5 foll[s v quickly1 be=e y h an opportunity to obs]ve ! developm5t ( ! disease or to secure ! s]vices ( a vet]9>ian4 ,!n1 aga91 aft] a l+]+ sickness an animal dies1 ! disease be+ kn[n or unkn[n z ! case may be4 ,9 any ev5t1 a po/-mortem exam9ation is usually desirable1 if = no o!r reason ?an t x s]ves to famili>ize y ) ! organs ( ! body4 ,) a little exp]i5ce y c become q pr(ici5t 9 exam9+ a dead animal1 & y c soon le>n ! diff]5ce betwe5 heal?y & unheal?y organs1 betwe5 diseas$ & normal tissues & ! relation ( ! int]nal p>ts to ! :ole body4 ,a po/-mortem exam9ation ?us enables y to "k ! cause ( ! disease--:]e x is locat$ or :e!r dea? is ! result ( accid5t or ( "s fatal di/urbance ( ! sy/em4 ,?is exam9ation %\ld be made z soon aft] dea? z possible2 ! long] ! delay ! great] ! *anges due to decomposition ( ! body & its decay back to ! orig9al elem5ts f :i* x has come4 ,soon aft] dea? ! /iff5+ process takes place4 ,?is is kn[n z rigor mortis4 ,x may occur )9 an h\r aft] dea? & aga9 x may n be complete until tw5ty-five or ?irty h\rs h pass$4 ,soon aft] ! dea? /iff5+ has occurr$ ! tissues s(t5 & decomposition rapidly foll[s4 ,,fir/ ,,?+s ,,to ,,d ,9 mak+ a po/-mortem exam9ation1 9 case ! animal has n be5 mov$1 ! position ( ! body is to be obs]v$4 ,look all ab\t y4 ,is !re any evid5ce ( a /ruggle8 ,does ei!r ! body or ! gr\nd appe> z if spasms h tak5 place8 ,x may be a case ( poison+4 ,if su* be true1 ! outw>d appe>ance may be fur!r sub/antiat$ by ! int]nal condition4 ,if inflammation & irritation ( ! /oma* & b[els are obs]v$1 ?is evid5ce helps to confirm ! fir/ obs]vation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rickets ,,9 ,,pigs ,rickets 9 pigs is due1 z 9 man & o!r animals1 to an improp] developm5t ( ! bone1 ! result ( insuffici5t m9]al matt] 9 ! food4 ,! bones are weak & b5d or break4 ,x frequ5tly appe>s aft] ! pigs are wean$4 ,an abundant supply ( wood a%es1 *>coal1 lime & salt is always good = hogs4 ,! appe>ance ( ! /ruggle1 h[ev]1 is n en\gh to e/abli% a case ( poison+2 = /ruggl+ is a dea? *>act]i/ic ( _m diseases4 ,( c\rse1 9 mak+ ?is prelim9>y exam9ation y w note if dea? c\ld h be5 ! result ( "s o!r reason4 ,has "s ob/ruction _h any?+ to d ) ! tr\ble8 ,maybe ! animal has be5 caught 9 "s way & n be+ able to move ab\t has />v$ to dea?1 or maybe "s ov]-ex]tion has _h some?+ to d ) ! tr\ble4 ,_m animals *oke1 &1 n be+ able to relieve !mselves1 die4 ,?\s&s ( f>m animals1 especially 9 ! ,we/ & ,s\?we/1 die annually f cold1 & n a few f heat4 ,all ^! ?+s ent] into ! case & mu/ be consid]$ 9 rea*+ a reasonable conclusion4 ,obs]ve ! ,dis*>ges4--,! next ?+ to d is to obs]ve ! dis*>ges f nose1 m\? & o!r natural op5+s ( ! body4 ,ext]nal sc>s & w\nds (t5 be> a close relation to ! disease & ^! %\ld be consid]$ 9 exam9+ ! c>cass4 ,h[ d ! eyes look8 ,is !re a dis*>ge f ! e>s8 ,is ! swell+ ( ! abdom5 & ! bloat+ m pron\nc$ or diff]5t ?an %\ld be ! case 9 ord9>y dea?8 ,practice w indicate ! lesson t ea* ( ^! tea*4 ,accid5ts & ,injury4--,f>m animals are (t5 kill$ by /ray %ots f ! guns ( hunt]s & trespass]s4 ,a casual obs]vation w indicate if dea? has be5 due to ?is4 ,aga91 animals may die f di/emp] or be eat5 up ) lice or tr\bl$ ) it* or mange--y w note ^! facts z y g along ) y\r "w4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 :]e ,texas fev] is s preval5t1 y %\ld look = ticks1 z ^! br+ dea? to ?\s&s ( animals ea* ye>4 ,look = ! wee t9y ones--!y cause ! tr\ble4 ,:5 cattle are fairly cov]$ ) ! l>ge ticks dea? does n ord9>ily foll[1 s9ce ! animal has practically become immune to ! poison caus$ by ! tick4 ,^! l>ge ticks1 h[ev]1 are fill$ ) blood & nutrim5t1 bo? obta9$ f ! animal1 & h5ce !y may rob ! animal ( blood & nutrim5t t x ought to h itself4 ,aft] ,remov+ ! ,sk94--,! sk9 is n[ to be remov$1 s t ! color ( ! tissues & ! nature ( ! blood may be not$4 ,if ! blood be ?9 or black1 ) a disagreeable odor1 y c expect "s g]m tr\ble l blood poison+ or an infecti\s & contagi\s disease4 ,if ! :ite tissues are yell[ y may be reasonably c]ta9 t ! liv] has n done its "w z x w\ld h done _h x be5 9 a ?or\ghly heal?y condition4 ,9 remov+ ! sk9 & mak+ o!r obs]vations be cauti\s t y d n prick y\r f+]s ) ! knife1 s9ce y may convey 9 ?is way disease to y\rself4 ,if by accid5t a cut or prick is made1 caut]ize ! w\nd at once1 s z to de/roy any g]ms transmitt$ 9 ?is way to y4 ,,exam9+ ,,! ,,int]nal ,,organs ,! next /ep is to exam9e ! int]nal organs4 ,to d ?is1 place ! animal on its side1 remove ! upp] front leg & ! ribs ov] ! *e/ region4 ,! ribs %\ld be remov$ z ne> z possible to ! backbone s z to give an unob/ruct$ op5+ ov] ! important organs4 ,?is l>ge op5+ n[ all[s y free access = exam9ation1 & an unimpair$ view all ab\t ! vital organs1 if ^! are entirely expos$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r\nd ,,worms ,,9 ,,hog ,,inte/9e ,an infe/ation ) inte/9al worms1 z %[n "h1 leads to un?rift9ess & a loss ( fle%4 ,^! worms may be expell$ by giv+ turp5t9e 9 doses ( "o teaspoonful 9 milk = ?ree days 9 succession4 ,:ile mak+ ?is op5+1 obs]ve ! wat]y fluid z x escapes4 ,if a l>ge quantity is pres5t1 dropsy or a rupture ( ! bladd] is indicat$4 ,if ! tr\ble is due to ! latt]1 an odor 9 ! ur9e w be quickly not$4 ,:5 ! fluid is r$ 9 color1 x indicates ! pres5ce ( blood or "s inflammation ( ! abdom5 or ! b[els4 ,a l>ge am\nt ( wat]y fluid 9 ! *e/ cavity is an indication ( "s lung tr\ble2 ?is is fur!r indicat$ by ! t9y atta*m5ts runn+ betwe5 ! lungs & ! *e/ wall4 ,/oma* & ,inte/9es4--,if ! /oma* & inte/9es be abnormally r$1 conge/ion is indicat$1 & if !y be q d>k1 ev5 purple 9 color1 y may be sure t "s k9d ( inflammation has be5 ! tr\ble4 ,y w note also if ! /oma* is h>d & compact$2 &1 if s1 indige/ion may h be5 ! tr\ble4 ,! inte/9es w also %[ if !y be h>d & compact$ or 9 any o!rwise bad condition4 ,pass ! h&s along to see if ! inte/9es are knott$ 9 any place or if nails are pres5t 9 ! /oma*4 ,x is n likely t ! nails h be5 ! direct cause ( dea?1 b ?is fact helps to indicate ! condition ( ! dige/ion trap4 ,(t5 hair balls or p>asites w be f\nd2 ei!r may clog up ! *annel & may be ! imm$iate cause ( dea?4 ,i h on m ?an "o occasion f\nd t ! fuzz ( crimson clov]1 accumulat+ 9 ! inte/9es ( horses1 rolls up into a h>d1 compact$ ball1 & n be+ able to pass out1 becomes an ob/ruction 9 ! passageway & ultimately causes dea?4 ,kidneys & ,bladd]4--,! ur9e tells its tale also2 a v disagreeable odor indicates "s di/urbance2 & a br[ni% or d>k-r$ color may indicate a local disease or a con/itutional breakd[n4 ,texas fev] 9 cattle produces a v d>k or r$di% ur9e1 ,azoturia 9 horses1 a simil> color4 ,gall/ones or gravel are (t5 f\nd 9 ! bladd]1 & ^! frequ5tly cause s]i\s di/urbance1 if n dea?4 ,lungs4--,look ! lungs ov] c>efully4 ,see if ! natural color is pres5t & if ! s(t1 spongy con/itu5cy responds to ! same k9d ( t\* z does ! ?or\ghly heal?y lung4 ,9 heal? ! lungs are a v light p9k color4 ,if inflammation has be5 pres5t ?is w be indicat$ by ! d>k color & ! h>d d5sity4 ,:5 ! lung is cut ap>t ) ! knife fur!r obs]vation %\ld be made4 ,a m>ble appe>ance indicates inflammation & h>d lumps or tub]cles indicate tub]culosis4 ,^! tub]cles1 :5 cut op51 %[ pus & a *eeselike mat]ial1 yell[ 9 color--a true indication ( ! disease4 ,o!r ,obs]vations4--,y %\ld feel ! he>t to "k if x is natural or n1 or to see if any ( ! valves are brok51 or if "s inflammation has be5 back ( ! tr\ble4 ,! sides ( ! op5 cavity %\ld be obs]v$ be=e leav+4 ,is x spott$1 speckl$8 ,are p9k spots se5 ab\t ! ribs8 ,?is is an indication ( hog *ol]a1 & 9 itself may lead to a correct int]pretation ( ! disease4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,common ,m$ic9es & ,_! ,actions ,! common m$ic9es us$ 9 treat+ f>m animals are nam$ 9 ! foll[+ li/1 toge!r ) orig91 action1 use1 & dose4 ,,aconite ,t9cture ( aconite is d]iv$ f ! root ( a plant4 ,:5 us$1 ! he>t beats m sl[ly & ! blood pressure is decreas$1 mak+ ! m$ic9e desirable 9 cases ( inflammation4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 f #aj to #cj drops1 & %eep & hogs #e to #aj drops4 ,,aloes ,?is is usually b\ght 9 a p[d] =m4 ,x is br[n 9 color & bitt] 9 ta/e4 ,consid]able "t transpires be=e action 9 ! b[els takes place4 ,all[ at lea/ #bd h\rs4 ,x is a physic & blood purifi]4 ,dose3 ,= horses1 #d to #e tablespoonfuls2 cattle1 #d to #h tablespoonfuls2 %eep1 #a to #b tablespoonfuls2 & pigs1 #a to #b tablespoonfuls4 ,,alum ,?is m9]al salt is us$ 9 wa%es = sore m\? & ?roat1 & cleans+ w\nds4 ,x may be du/$ into w\nds 9 p[d] =m1 & is bo? dry+ & heal+4 ,dose3 ,use a tablespoonful to a p9t ( wat]4 ,,anise$ ,?is prep>ation is made f dri$ b]ries & gr\nd4 ,x /imulates dige/ion1 sweet5s ! /oma*1 & s]ves z a tonic & appetite mak]4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 a tablespoonful1 & = %eep & pigs1 a teaspoonful4 ,,arnica ,= w\nds1 spra9s1 & bruises1 t9cture ( arnica is bo? cool+ & re/ful4 ,x is made f ! dri$ fl[]s ( a plant1 & is = ext]nal use4 ,apply ?ree or f\r times daily4 ,,ars5ic ,?is m$ic9e comes f ! m9]al k+dom & is v p[]ful4 ,9 us+ bett] get x 9 "s /&>d m$ic9al =m su* z ,f[l]'s ,solution4 ,x is us$ z a tonic :5 ! /oma* is bad & ! sy/em run d[n4 ,dose3 ,f[l]'s ,solution2 = horses & cattle1 #b tablespoonfuls2 %eep1 #a teaspoonful2 pigs1 "o-half teaspoonful4 ,9 giv+ to /ock mix ) #d tablespoonfuls ( :iskey1 & ei!r use z a dr5* or add to ma% or gruel4 ,,belladonna ,?is is a t9cture made f a plant4 ,:5 us$ x soo!s1 s(t5s1 & relaxes ! p>ts to :i* appli$4 ,x *ecks inflammation & relieves pa91 b mu/ be c>efully us$4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #a teaspoonful2 %eep1 #aj drops2 pigs1 #e drops4 ,,butt] ,,( ,,antimony ,?is prep>ation1 tak5 f a m9]al1 is n us$ int]nally4 ,x is a p[]ful cau/ic4 ,its pr9cipal use is = cur+ ?ru% 9 horses' feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tetanus ,,bacilli ,h[ ! g]ms look "u ! microscope4 ,! poison produc$ by !m is "o ( ! mo/ viol5t kn[n 9 disease4 ,,bromide ,,( ,,potassium ,?is comes z a :ite cry/al or p[d]1 & is us$ to quiet ! n]ves :5 "s tr\ble l lockjaw has set 94 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #a teaspoonful2 %eep & hogs1 "o-half teaspoonful4 ,,b9iodide ,,( ,,m]cury ,?is bright r$ p[d] is us$ *iefly = bli/]+ purposes4 ,x is excell5t :5 a spav9 or spl9t or r+bone is j beg9n+4 ,9 prep>+1 use "o "p ( ! m]cury to n9e p>ts ( vasel9e or l>d4 ,rememb]1 x is a poison1 & mu/ be c>efully h&l$1 z is true ( "s o!r prep>ations ( m]cury4 ,,camphor ,! camphor ( comm]ce is 9 ! =m ( a gum obta9$ f a tree by boil+ & evaporation4 ,x is us$ 9 mixtures = c\ghs1 sore ?roat1 & heaves4 ,x is good also = colic & di>rha & assi/s 9 less5+ pa94 ,x %\ld be giv5 9 wat]4 ,dose3 ,= horses1 #b to #d teaspoonfuls2 cattle1 #d to #e teaspoonfuls2 pigs & %eep1 #b teaspoonfuls4 ,,can?>ides ,,or ,,spani% ,,fly ,?is is 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 & is an irritant4 ,= use x %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$ ) l>d or vasel9e4 ,"o teaspoonful ( ! can?>ides to #d tablespoonfuls ( l>d or vasel9e4 ,:5 s prep>$ x is excell5t z a bli/]4 ,x c be appli$ = sweat ?ick5+s or lumps on any "p ( ! body t is n on ! bone4 ,x %\ld n be us$ on curbs or tumors & is n us$ int]nally4 ,,c>bolic ,,acid ,?is is got f coal t> & petroleum4 ,:5 full /r5g? & pure x is 9 ! =m ( cry/als1 b is g5]ally b\ght z a liquid4 ,x is a dis9fectant & an antiseptic1 & :ile us$ int]nally = "s purposes1 is l>gely us$ int]nally 9 wa%es & solutions4 ,its pr9cipal use is 9 ba?+ w\nds & sores4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to h a wa% conta9 too mu* ( ! acid1 z x w burn ! w\nd & /op ! heal+ action4 ,x is a corrod+ poison tak5 int]nally4 ,x %\ld be j /rong en\gh to kill bact]ia2 say1 #a "p to #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,a v good heal+ salve is made :5 #e drops ( pure c>bolic acid is us$ to #d tablespoonfuls ( vasel9e4 ,,corrosive ,,sublimate ,?is is us$ ext]nally z an antiseptic & dis9fectant4 ,dissolve #a "p to #ajj p>ts ( wat]4 ,x is a prep>ation ( m]cury1 is poison\s1 b excell5t = ba?+ w\nds & op5 sores4 ,,ca/or ,,oil ,?is oil is press$ f ca/or beans4 ,x is a mild physic simil> to raw l9se$ oil4 ,x is n us$ mu* = live /ock4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #a p9t2 = %eep1 "o-qu>t] p9t1 & = pigs1 #d tablespoonfuls4 ,,calomel ,?is is a heavy :ite p[d] & a m9]al4 ,its pr9cipal action is z a physic1 & x has a cleans+ effect on ! liv]4 ,h5ce x is us$ = all k9ds ( liv] tr\bles4 ,:5 du/$ 9 old sores1 x is spl5did = heal+ & dry+ up4 ,dose3 ,= horses1 "o-half to #a teaspoonful2 cattle1 #a to #b teaspoonfuls2 %eep & pigs1 "o-eigh? teaspoonful4 ,,croton ,,oil ,?is oil is made f se$s1 & is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful physics kn[n4 ,x %\ld nev] be us$ until mild] physics d n respond4 ,use x z a la/ resort4 ,dose3 ,= horses1 #ae to #bj drops2 cattle1 #cj to #dj drops2 %eep1 #e to #aj drops2 & pigs1 #b to #c drops4 ,9 giv+1 x is be/ to use 9 connection ) raw l9se$ oil2 ( ! l9se$ oil use #a p9t = horses & cattle & "o-qu>t] p9t = %eep & pigs4 ,,cau/ic ,,pota% ,?is *emical is mo/ easily us$ :5 pur*as$ 9 p5cil-l /icks4 ,x is nev] giv5 int]nally1 b is us$ to burn w>ts & gr[?s by wett+ ! /ick & rubb+ x ov] !m4 ,x is also us$ = burn+ poison\s w\nds to kill ! poison4 ,x is commonly employ$ = di%orn+ calves4 ,:5 a week or t5 days old1 & ! button ( ! horn is j appe>+1 rub ! pota% ov] ! horn4 ,?is usually insures de/ruction ( ! horn sub/ance4 ,wet ! /ick ( pota%4 ,see t dripp+s d n run d[n ! animal's head4 ,9 ord] to protect ! f+]s1 :5 us+1 wrap pap] ar\nd ! /ick4 ,,creol9 ,?is is ! product ( coal t> & comes 9 ! =m ( a ?ick1 d>k fluid1 &1 l t>1 is h>mless4 ,x is frequ5tly us$ z ! basis ( salves = w\nds1 scrat*es1 & l tr\bles4 ,x is a v effective rem$y = kill+ lice1 ticks1 or fleas1 & is us$ z a rem$y :5 %eep are afflict$ ) mange & scab4 ,dose3 ,use f #b to #d tablespoonfuls to a p9t ( wat] & %ake well be=e us+4 ,make up a small quantity at a "t1 z creol9 ?us made loses its value aft] exposure4 ,= dis9fect+ purposes1 #a "p ( creol9 to #ajj p>ts ( wat] is satisfactory4 ,,g5tian ,?is is ! root ( a plant1 dri$ & gr\nd4 ,x is us$ pr9cipally z a tonic1 & is v bitt]2 commonly f\nd 9 condition p[d]s & is giv5 to animals t are weak & run d[n4 ,if us$ alone1 give twice a day 9 ! food & place on ! tongue ) a spoon4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #a tablespoonful2 = %eep1 a teaspoonful2 pigs1 "o-half teaspoonful4 ,,g+] ,?is is a dri$ root gr\nd f9e1 secur$ f a plant1 & acts z a /imulant1 reliev+ gases t accumulate 9 ! /oma*4 ,x is an excell5t +r$i5t to use 9 colic & indige/ion prep>ations4 ,if giv5 alone1 doses may be repeat$ e two or ?ree h\rs4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #a tablespoonful2 %eep1 #a small teaspoonful2 pigs1 "o-half teaspoonful4 ,,hyposulphite ,,( ,,soda ,?is salt is frequ5tly us$ 9 comb9ation ) g5tian1 equal p>ts ( bo?1 & 9 o!r recipes = condition p[d]4 ,x cleans ! blood & builds up ! sy/em aft] weak5+ diseases4 ,a common prep>ation is made by us+ "o-half ( p[d]$ g5tian & "o-half ( hyposulphite ( soda4 ,mix all toge!r & give two or ?ree times a day to ! animal ne$+ x4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #a tablespoonful2 %eep1 #a teaspoonful2 pigs1 "o-half teaspoonful4 ,,iod9e ,?is d>k br[n t9cture is n (t5 us$ int]nally1 b is us$ z a sweat bli/] & = bli/]+ ?ick5$ gl&s4 ,9 us+1 take a fea!r1 pa9t+ ! iod9e on ! lump until x bli/]s2 :5 ! bli/] appe>s1 grease ! "p2 aft] two or ?ree days h pass$1 wa% ! lump ) w>m wat] & soap & bli/] aga94 ,,iodide ,,( ,,potassium ,?is :ite p[d] is obta9$ f ! m9]al k+dom4 ,:5 giv5 int]nally x acts z an absorb5t4 ,x is commonly us$ 9 cases ( dropsy ( ! belly4 ,9 adm9i/]+1 use equal p>ts ( gr\nd g5tian root & give twice a day4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle a teaspoonful2 = %eep & pigs1 "o-half teaspoonful4 ,,l9se$ ,,oil ,?is oil is obta9$ f flaxse$1 & is excell5t :5 a mild physic is desir$4 ,! easie/ & mo/ effective way ( giv+ to animals is 9 ! =m ( a dr5*4 ,ab\t #a p9t %\ld be us$ = horses & cattle4 ,raw l9se$ oil is usually pref]r$ to ! boil$4 ,,laudanum ,?is is made f opium & is us$ bo? int]nally & ext]nally4 ,x is commonly us$ :]e !re is pa91 h5ce x is excell5t = reliev+ pa9 & spasms & assi/s also 9 *eck+ inflammation4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #d to #f teaspoonfuls2 %eep & pigs1 #b to #d teaspoonfuls4 ,,nux ,,vomica ,?is p[d] comes f gr\nd se$s1 & is us$ z a n]ve /imulant4 ,x is v efficaci\s = /r5g!n+ weak1 debilitat$ animals4 ,a common way is to mix equal p>ts ( g5tian & p[d]$ nux vomica ?or\ghly toge!r4 ,?is may be giv5 z a dr5*1 or 9 ! fe$ or plac$ at ! back ( ! tongue ) a spoon4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #a teaspoonful ?ree times a day2 = %eep & pigs1 "o-half teaspoonful4 ,,nitrate ,,( ,,silv] ,?is comes 9 ! =m ( :ite p5cil$ /icks4 ,x is excell5t = burn+ (f w>ts1 pr\d fle% 9 cuts & gr[?s on any "p ( ! body4 ,j wet ! /ick & rub x on ! p>ts4 ,( c\rse1 be c>eful t y\r f+]s are protect$ f ! *emical4 ,x is a poison tak5 int]nally4 ,,nitrate ,,( ,,pota% ,?is is frequ5tly call$ saltpet]1 & comes z a :ite cry/al or p[d]4 ,x is us$ = kidney1 lung & blood tr\bles4 ,x has a v acute action on ! kidneys1 caus+ !m to secrete an extra am\nt ( ur9e4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #a teaspoonful2 %eep & pigs1 "o-half teaspoonful4 ,,sulphate ,,( ,,copp] ,?is is commonly kn[n z blue vitriol or blue/one4 ,x is excell5t :5 giv5 int]nally = *eck+ dis*>ges1 especially ^? ( a *ronic cat>rhal nature4 ,x may also be us$ z a wa% = w\nds1 :5 a weak solution is made1 & may be du/$ on ! w\nd e day or two 9 case pr\d fle% =ms4 ,,sulphate ,,( ,,iron ,gre5 vitriol1 or copp]as1 z x is commonly kn[n1 is a spl5did m9]al tonic1 & is commonly us$ 9 comb9ation ) g5tian1 equal p>ts ( ! two4 ,use :5 ! sy/em is badly run d[n4 ,x is also excell5t z a worm p[d]4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #a teaspoonful ?ree times a day2 %eep & pigs1 "o-half teaspoonful4 ,,sug> ,,( ,,lead ,?is is frequ5tly call$ acetate ( lead4 ,x is seldom us$ int]nally1 b q g5]ally ext]nally = heal+ wa%es1 p>ticul>ly = ! eye4 ,,sweet ,,spirits ,,( ,,nit] ,?is sweet-ta/+ & smell+ prep>ation is obta9$ f alcohol1 & is 9 ! =m ( a cle> liquid4 ,x acts ^u ! kidneys & sk9 & is commonly giv5 9 ! dr9k+ wat] ( animals4 ,x is us$ 9 comb9ation ) o!r m$ic9es = colic & indige/ion4 ,x ?us acts ^u ! b[els & /oma* & relieves pa9 & dissipates ! gases4 ,9 giv+ to animals mix 9 a p9t ( lukew>m wat] & give z a dr5*4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #b to #d tablespoonfuls2 = %eep & pigs1 #a to #b teaspoonfuls4 ,,spirits ,,( ,,turp5t9e ,?is is ! ord9>y turp5t9e kn[n by all4 ,x is excell5t 9 cases ( acute indige/ion & colic1 & is de/ructive to bots & ! long r\nd worms 9 horses4 ,:5 us$ ext]nally x is z a l9im5t4 ,:5 us$ int]nally a small quantity is giv5 ) raw l9se$ oil4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #d tablespoonfuls2 = %eep & pigs1 #a tablespoonful4 ,,salts ,! two common salts us$ = live /ock are ,epsom & ,glaub]4 ,epsom salts are mo/ frequ5tly us$1 ! *ief action be+ z a physic4 ,aloes take ! places ( salts = horses1 z x is believ$ ^! are mu* bett] ?an ! m9]al salts4 ,9 giv+ salts to cattle1 ! dr5* is mo/ satisfactory4 ,dose3 ,use #a qu>t ( w>m wat] 9 :i* place #a tablespoonful ( g+] & #a tablespoonful ( common soda4 ,to ?is add #a p9t to #a p9ts ( salts & dissolve by %ak+ or /irr+4 ,= %eep & pigs1 "o-qu>t] ( ?is am\nt is suffici5t4 ,,sulphur ,?is yell[ p[d] is well kn[n & is a great m$ic9e :5 giv5 int]nally4 ,x acts on ! blood & purifies x4 ,x is excell5t also = kill+ p>asites or g]ms 9 ! sk91 h5ce x is good = all diseases4 ,:5 us$ int]nally x is be/ to comb9e ) g5tian root4 ,give once a day = a %ort p]iod4 ,dose3 ,= horses & cattle1 #a tablespoonful2 %eep & pigs1 #a teaspoonful4 ,,"s ,,common ,,prescriptions ,colic ,mixture4--,laudanum1 #af tablespoonfuls2 aromatic spirits ( ammonia1 #ab tablespoonfuls2 sulphuric e!r1 #b tablespoonfuls2 t9cture ( aconite1 #aj drops2 g+]1 #af tablespoonfuls4 ,dissolve 9 a p9t ( wat]4 ,f #aj to #bj tablespoonfuls ( ?is c be giv5 9 "o-half p9t ( wat]4 ,if relief is n secur$1 repeat 9 a half h\r1 foll[ ) a ?ird dose1 !n ) ano!r1 giv+ ! doses "o-half to "o h\r ap>t4 ,fly ,bli/]4--,p[d]$ can?>ides1 #b teaspoonfuls2 gum camphor p[d]$1 #b tablespoonfuls2 l>d1 #h tablespoonfuls4 ,aft] ?or\ghly mix+1 rub 9 #e to #aj m9utes1 dep5d+ on ! sev]ity ( ! bli/] desir$4 ,r$ ,bli/]4--,gum camphor p[d]$1 #b tablespoonfuls2 b9iodide ( m]cury1 #b teaspoonfuls2 l>d1 #h tablespoonfuls4 ,?is %\ld be rubb$ 9 f #e to #aj m9utes4 ,c\gh ,mixture4--,belladonna1 #b tablespoonfuls2 pulv]iz$ opium1 #b tablespoonfuls2 gum camphor1 pulv]iz$1 #b teaspoonfuls2 *loride ( ammonia1 #b tablespoonfuls2 sulphur1 #d tablespoonfuls4 ,an easy way to give ?is is to mix ) molasses & fl\r until a pa/e is secur$4 ,soo?+ ,o9tm5t4--,laudanum1 #h tablespoonfuls2 aconite1 #d tablespoonfuls4 ,?is is excell5t = spra9s1 & relieves ! pa9 & sor5ess :5 appli$ to a "p :]e !re is mu* inflammation4 ,ho( ,o9tm5t4--,raw l9se$ oil1 "o-qu>t] p\nd2 crude petroleum oil1 "o-qu>t] p\nd2 neat's-foot oil1 "o-qu>t] p\nd2 p9e t>1 "o-qu>t] p\nd4 ,mix well & apply e night ) a bru% all ov] & "u ! ho(4 ,a little 9 ! hair above w d no h>m4 ,clean out ! ho( be=e apply+4 ,physic ,dr5* = ,horses4--,aloes1 #h teaspoonfuls2 common soda1 #a teaspoonful2 g+]1 #a teaspoonful4 ,dissolve ^! 9 a p9t ( lukew>m wat] & give z a dr5*4 ,! horse %\ld be all[$ re/ ! day foll[+ its use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ready ,,= ,,! ,,dr5* ,a simple device = giv+ dr5*es to horses4 ,physic ,dr5* = ,cattle4--,epsom salts1 #a p\nd2 g+]1 #a tablespoonful2 common soda1 #a tablespoonful4 ,dissolve 9 a qu>t ( lukew>m wat] & give z a dr5*4 ,x is a spl5did g5]al physic = c[s1 & c be giv5 at any "t :5 !y are ?\ght n to be ?riv+ z !y %\ld4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,! ,mean+ ( ,disease ,any dep>ture f a normal condition is disease4 ,! body1 compos$ ( diff]5t organs & p>ts1 is 9 a heal?y /ate :5 ea* ( ^! p]=ms its natural functions4 ,?us ! normal m9d is conc]n$ ) normal m5tal acts2 any di/urbances ( ! bra9 or sp9al cords is imm$iately manife/$ 9 ! action ( ! animal2 likewise frequ5tly a di/urbance else:]e may lat] h its effect on ! m5tal sy/em4 ,disease may result f "s ext]nal cause l f a w\nd1 f food caus+ poison or d]angem5t ( ! dige/ive sy/em1 f wat] introduc+ impurities1 f p>asites t di/urb normal functions1 disorganize tissue or produce tox9es1 or f o!r abnormal conditions--all ( :i* int]f]e ) ! normal functions ( "o or m organs1 regions1 or p>ts4 ,9 mo/ cases ! di/urbances are readily recogniz$4 ,swell+s1 bruises & w\nds are locat$ at a glance4 ,:5 blood passes f nose1 e>s or inte/9es1 a key to ! tr\ble is at h&4 ,c\ghs h _! /ory4 ,& vomit+1 di>rha1 convulsions1 spasms1 abnormal brea?+ or temp]ature ea* indicates at :at po9ts an abnormal condition is evid5t4 ,disease1 ,bo? ,g5]al & ,local4--,"s diseases lead to di/urbance ?r\gh\t ! entire body4 ,= in/ance1 pus may accumulate at "s po9t f :i* x f9ds its way into ! blood1 9 ! end rea*+ to o!r p>ts ( ! body t 9 "t also become affect$4 ,^? diseases1 ) :i* fev] is associat$1 are g5]al 9 nature4 ,! n]ve c5t]s are influ5c$1 ! body heat is increas$ & a weak5$ condition prevails4 ,back ( ?is are ! disease poisons--*emical poisons or g]m poisons4 ,:5 ! temp]ature ( ! body1 z a result ( fev]1 rises too high c]ta9 life pr9ciples are *ang$ & dea? imm$iately foll[s4 ,a temp]ature ( #ajf or #ajg is v high1 &1 !re=e1 v dang]\s4 ,9 treat+ disease ! temp]ature is wat*$1 t ! c\rse ( ! fev] may be foll[$4 ,treat+ a fev]1 !n1 is helpful & a natural "p ( ! treatm5t ( ! disease itself4 ,! basis ( ! curative process re/s ^u ! pr9ciple ( prop] circulation & ! excretion ( ! impure sub/ances4 ,,causes ,,( ,,disease ,9 ! fir/ place mo/ diseases arise f mismanagem5t4 ,! v pr9ciples at ! bottom ( good heal? receive no consid]ation & little ?\ght4 ,on "s f>ms x is seldom t a case ( disease is he>d (2 on o!rs1 /ock are "u treatm5t at all times4 ,:]e ord] prevails1 :]e cleanl9ess is appreciat$1 :]e disease-produc+ conditions are nev] all[$ to accumulate or ev5 ga9 an introduction1 heal? is ! rule & disease ! exception4 ,:5 ! latt] appe>s1 x is due to "s outside influ5ce t gave x admission4 ,! greate/ mis*ief 9 h&l+ f>m /ock comes f improp] food1 fil?y or impure dr9k+ wat]1 bad v5tilation ( /ables1 ov]work1 or lack ( ex]cise & poor sanit>y conditions4 ,disease1 !re=e1 is l>gely due to causes )9 control ( ! own] ( ! f>m /ock4 ,true1 "o s\rce ( tr\ble is due to me*anical causes3 horses get nail punctures1 legs & necks & head are cut 9 f5ces1 bl[s br+ bruises4 ,b ^: fault8 ,c]ta9ly n ! animal4 ,old bo>ds ) nails ought n to be left 9 all sorts ( places1 f5ces %\ld be protect$1 & /able fixtures1 gates & h>nesses %\ld be 9 su* ord] t only 9 r>e cases w injury result4 ,disease f ,*emical ,causes4--,poison\s mat]ials & poison\s plants cause dea? to ?\s&s ( animals annually4 ,( great importance to ! /ock int]e/s is ! rapid de/ruction ( ^! h>mful products4 ,=tunately 9 ! old] sections ^! are ab\t elim9at$ n[1 & we are also und]/&+ m ab\t ! molds t lead to bad results :5 moldy =age is giv5 z fe$ to f>m animals4 ,9 "t disease w be consid]ably less5$ :5 only clean1 :olesome food f9ds its way into ! mang]s & fe$ racks--!n disease w dep>t & m rapid ga9s w come4 ,h]$ity ,plays a ,"p4--,despite caution & c>e1 heal? is (t5 di/urb$ because ( h]$it>y influ5ces4 ,?anks to sci5ce1 we "k n[ t _m ( ! old bugbe>s ( ! pa/1 & once s entr5*$1 h become dislodg$1 & _! true import set "r be=e ! own]4 ,tub]culosis1 = in/ance1 once s dread$ 9 bo? man & bea/1 is n[ kn[n n to be h&$ d[n f p>5t to prog5y2 x is a g]m disease1 pure & simple1 & gets its />t j z _m o!r ailm5ts--?r\gh brea?1 or dr9k1 or fe$4 ,!re are h]$it>y tr\bles1 h[ev]1 t cont9ue d[n ?r\gh _m g5]ations4 ,! n>r[ hock ( ! horse invites curb diseases2 ! n>r[ *e/ is a good bre$+ gr\nd = tub]culosis g]ms2 /raight pa/]ns are bad = ! feet2 poor con=mation is n consi/5t ) effici5cy or easy functional activity4 ,^! examples cle>ly %[ t =m & type & physical *>act]i/ics h roles to play 9 animal economy & 9 heal? to :i* ! wise /ockman w give he$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bact]ia ,,z ,,se5 ,,"u ,,! ,,microscope a1 ,spirillum4 b1 ,micrococcus4 c1 ,micrococcus4 d1 ,/reptococcus4 e1 f1 g1 h1 ,rod-%ap$ bact]ia4 i & j1 ,divisions4 ,g]ms & ,p>asites4--,9 addition to ! above causes ( disease1 ano!r class is be=e u ready to inflict its injury at all times4 ,inde$1 x is a class ( ! greate/ importance4 ,i ref] n[ to p>asites1 bact]ia1 & g]ms1 :i* cause m loss to live /ock ?an all o!rs comb9$4 ,?9k ( hog *ol]a1 a g]m disease2 ( tub]culosis1 a g]m disease2 ( /oma* worms1 p>asites2 ( /agg]s1 a mold disease2 ( abortion1 a g]m disease2 & hundr$s ( l nature1 all due to p>asites & g]ms1 disease ag5ts t di/urb & de/roy ! delicate organs or expos$ regions1 z ! case may be1 reg>dless ( age1 value1 or bre$4 ,( c\rse1 rem$ies & treatm5t are be+ work$ out to meet ^! individual diseases z !y occur4 ,nev]!less1 ! be/ treatm5t is prev5tion4 ,x is f> bett] to prev5t ?an to cure2 & t is ! l9e ( action especially = ?is class4 ,inde$1 x is f> easi] to und]/& ! simple laws ( prev5tion ?an ! complicat$ curative processes4 ,especially is ?is true s9ce g]ms are kn[n & isolat$1 & _! rapid de/ruction ) air1 sunlight1 & dis9fectants und]/ood & available4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,disease ,en\gh has n[ be5 said to indicate t disease orig9ates z a reaction betwe5 ! cause ( x & ! body4 ,)hold food1 & />vation--! disease--foll[s4 ,)hold fre% air & oxyg51 & ! tissue breaks d[n2 disease results z a reaction f ! normal use ( air & ! dem&s ( ! body = oxyg54 ,all[ bact]ia admission to ! body & settlem5t 9 ! tissues or organs mo/ agreeable to ea* p>ticul> "o1 & ^! w gr[1 multiply1 &1 unless ov]come by ! natural resi/ance ( ! body1 w conqu] & de/roy1 caus+ soon] or lat] dea? & decay4 ,immunity ,s\ght by ,inoculation4--,_m diseases t n[ yield to no curative treatm5t are be+ met by inoculation4 ,by ?is me?od ! body is re9=c$ by s]um injections1 t disease g]ms & infections may be w>d$ (f1 or 9 case ( attack1 be s =tifi$ aga9/ ! disease g]ms z to de/roy !m or r5d] !m inactive4 ,"s ,animals ,m ,resi/ant to ,disease4--,an infecti\s & contagi\s disease may affect a h]d or flock1 de/roy+ few or _m4 ,"s may nev] be affect$ & yet be subject$ to exposure & contagion2 su* are immune & resi/ ?is p>ticul> disease4 ,o!rs may suff] a mild attack1 b ?r[ x (f ) no disa/r\s consequ5ce2 su* are /rong & _! organs ably =tifi$ aga9/ any injuri\s inroad by ! disease4 ,on ! o!r h& ! majority 9 a flock or h]d is n s able to ?r[ (f ! disease = ! reason ( be+ pr$ispos$ by nature to su* attacks2 _! v susceptibility invites attack1 & if ! infection is int5sely virul5t ! affect$ body w mo/ likely yield & dea? foll[4 ,,! ,,c\rse ,,( ,,disease ,ea* disease possesses its own peculi> *>act]i/ics1 :i* are m or less conspicu\s 9 ea* individual case4 ,!n1 too1 "s diseases develop quickly & end quickly4 ,o!rs run a c\rse ( sev]al weeks2 & /ill o!rs sev]al mon?s or ev5 ye>s4 ,! fir/ class is acute1 ! second *ronic4 ,9 bo? k9ds nature is at "w endeavor+ always to effect a cure2 &1 unless o!r complications arise1 ! result ( improp] food1 bad sanit>y qu>t]s1 bad air1 or conditions n conducive to heal?1 recov]y w1 9 mo/ cases1 result4 ,! great drawback to rapid recov]y comes f ! outside influ5ces t c\nt]act ! curative processes ( ! body itself4 ,good nurs+1 good air1 prop] food1 are back ( rapid recov]y4 ,mo/ diseases h be5 c>efully /udi$1 & _! c\rse ( developm5t has be5 mapp$ out4 ,our vet]9>ians "k1 9 a g5]al way1 h[ fev] acts 9 live /ock4 ,if an animal is inoculat$ ) ,texas fev] g]ms1 ! vet]9>ian kn[s ! c\rse ( ! disease be=eh&4 ,9 a g5]al way1 he kn[s :5 ! fev] w beg91 h[ long x w la/1 :5 x w be at its highe/ po9t1 & :5 x w disappe>4 ,he kn[s all ( ?is1 ev5 be=e he makes ! inoculation4 ,yet no disease inv>iably runs ! same c\rse 9 diff]5t individuals4 ,9 fact1 ! virul5ce ( bact]ia h mu* to d ) ! c\rse2 mild cases occur usually :5 ! g]m is weak1 & sev]e cases :5 ! g]ms are v virul5t4 ,?is expla9s :y "s attacks ( measles or ,texas fev] or hog *ol]a are m fatal ?an o!r attacks 9 o!r places1 or at o!r seasons ( ! ye>4 ,typical ,c\rses ! ,rule4--,x is 9 r>e cases only t a regul> c\rse is n foll[$ by mo/ diseases4 ,take an infecti\s disease4 ,! p]iod ( incubation comes fir/2 ?is foll[s up ! infection4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 no *ange 9 ! animal is obs]v$4 ,he seems well1 acts well1 & does 8 "w well4 ,nev]!less1 all ! "t1 dur+ ?is p]iod ( infection1 ! g]ms are develop+1 multiply+1 ga9+ headway1 & s entr5*+ !mselves t illness & disord] w soon foll[4 ,! p]iod ( infection v>ies 9 diff]5t animals & 9 diff]5t diseases4 ,x may take two or ?ree weeks = developm5t1 or z few z two or ?ree days4 ,foll[+ ! p]iod ( infection comes ! p]iod ( eruption4 ,at ?is /age ! typical *>act]i/ics are obs]v$4 ,at ! next /ep ! disease rea*es its height ) ! animal "u its complete dom9ion4 ,b only tempor>ily4 ,if prop]ly nurs$ & treat$1 ) mo/ diseases1 ! animal w pass ?r\gh ! p]iod & recov]4 ,! f9al /age is ! p]iod ( improvem5t4 ,! battle t has be5 wag$ betwe5 ! body & ! disease is n[ ab\t end$4 ,! disease g]ms h be5 r\t$ & ! body has be5 victori\s4 ,all t n[ rema9s is ! cle>+ away ( ! dbris4 ,9 ?is case x is scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! body sy/em4 ,! damage t has be5 done is to be repair$ & left1 if possible1 z ne> to ! orig9al condition1 z ! nature ( ! disease w all[4 ,! p]iod ( improvem5t w v>y 9 diff]5t diseases & 9 diff]5t animals4 ,recov]y may occur 9 a few days1 9 "s cases1 & 9 o!rs weeks & mon?s w be requir$4 ,a *ange ( fe$ or pa/ure or "w is usually necess>y if ! mo/ rapid recov]y w\ld be _h4 ,9 "s cases1 no?+ o!r ?an absolute re/ w suffice4 ,,! ,,t]m9ation ,,( ,,diseases ,aft] ! disease has run its c\rse1 ! body usually returns to its =m] normal condition4 ,!re seems to be a limit to :at ! disease c d4 ,a heal?y body may be attack$1 b1 9 ! end1 disease retires1 hav+ us$ itself up4 ,!re are diseases1 h[ev]1 t leave _! m>ks 9 _m ways4 ,& ^! become p]man5t m>ks4 ,) _m ( ^! all ( u are acqua9t$4 ,smallpox is "o4 ,! pits ov] ! face record ! fi]ce battle t 0 f\ght4 ,! same is true ( wa/$ tissues1 ) sc>s t conspicu\sly m>k ! track along :i* blood poison has travel$4 ,! %runk5 ho( ( ! f\nd]$ horse tells ! adv]se t]m9ation ( t disease4 ,:ile recov]y may be m or less complete1 ! effect is to s]i\sly injure ! wor? & value ( ! individual4 ,!re is a long li/ ( ?is k9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,result ,,( ,,bone ,,spav9 ,pictur$ "h is a natural hock free f disease & a diseas$ hock1 ! result ( bone spav94 ,! bone is s]i\sly affect$ & ! easy action prev5t$4 ,o!r diseases act diff]5tly 9 ano!r way4 ,!y progress sl[ly1 are n noticeable at fir/1 b 9 ! end are incurable4 ,take gl&]s z a typical case4 ,x quietly & sil5tly develops1 (t5 tak+ mon?s or ye>s 9 rea*+ ! /age ( eruption or be=e x becomes app>5t4 ,dur+ all ?is "t1 & ev5 aft] ! disease is recognizable1 ! animal goes on ab\t 8 duties ) no app>5t tr\ble4 ,! disease1 h[ev]1 is progress+ all ! "t2 9 ! end x conqu]s its victim1 ! f9al /ages are rea*$1 & ! animal dies4 ,! /ock rais] is conc]n$ ) diff]5t diseases 9 s f> z !y mean sl[ or rapid recov]y1 & p>ticul>ly if !y be contagi\s or n4 ,8 entire h]d w be impair$ if gl&]s is introduc$ into x4 ,"o tub]culosis c[ w convey ! disease to all susceptible individuals 9 ! h]d to :i* %e belongs1 especially if /abl$ 9 a tight b>n dur+ ! w9t] seasons :5 little or no v5tilation is int5tionally provid$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,diagnosis & ,treatm5t ( ,disease ,"s diseases are n difficult to diagnose4 ,^? result+ f w\nds or knocks are easily locat$1 & _! treatm5t readily outl9$4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 are n s easy4 ,some?+ is obs]v$ z wrong1 ! animal acts /rangely1 does n take to its food1 is fretful1 /&s or walks unnatural--:at is ! matt]8 ,! /ockman mu/ asc]ta9 ! tr\ble1 & ! quick] ! bett]4 ,a review ( ! pa/ few days is desirable4 ,:]e has ! animal be58 ,:at k9d ( food has x _h8 ,) :at /range fell[s has x associat$8 ,has x be5 put to excessive "w or expos$ to unusual wea!r or conditions8 ,:at infecti\s diseases are preval5t 9 ! community8 ,^! & o!r que/ions w occur2 9 "s in/ances ! answ] w be at h&4 ,,make ,a ,,physical ,,exam9ation ,! /ockman %\ld at lea/ "k ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( heal? & ( any dep>ture f !m t indicate disease4 ,h5ce a sup]ficial exam9ation ( ! animal1 z a :ole1 is 9 l9e ( diagnos+ ! disease4 ,note ! g5]al condition ( ! body4 ,! !rmomet] w advise y rightly4 ,is !re pa98 ,if possible det]m9e ?is po9t & locate ! seat ( x4 ,is ! circulation natural8 ,an exam9ation ( ! pulse w tell y if ! blood is rac+ rapidly or glid+ sl[ly1 & :e!r regul> or r\gh4 ,is ! respiration z x %\ld be8 ,c\nt ! numb] a m9ute t y may "k if ! numb] is m or less1 or is z x %\ld be4 ,on li/5+ to ! lungs1 he>t1 & blood vessels1 c]ta9 s\nds are he>d :i* *ange ) disease--normal & he>t murmurs4 ,:e!r or n an organ conta9s air c be det]m9$ by p]cussion1 s9ce solid organs1 ! lungs1 = in/ance1 9 pneumonia1 give a diff]5t s\nd f ^? conta9+ air z !y are normally4 ,air-conta9+ organs--lungs & inte/9es--may ?us be di/+ui%$ f ! solid ones adjo9+ !m4 ,9 ?is way _! v>y+ size 9 heal? & disease may be det]m9$4 ,y\r exam9ation %\ld g fur!r & include ! natural dis*>ges--! dung1 ! ur9e1 ! nose moi/ure & ! 8look ( ! eye40 ,9 cases ( fev] ! ur9e is scanty & deeply color$4 ,9 ,texas fev]1 = in/ance1 ! ur9e is d>k r$4 ,9 azoturia 9 horses1 x v>ies f a light color to a deep br[n or black4 ,! nature ( ! dung %\ld be obs]v$1 if wat]y or dry1 s(t or h>d1 scanty or pr(use4 ,tak+ ! ,pulse4--,/& at ! left side ( ! horse & run ! f+] along ! l[] jaw until y come to ! po9t :]e ! art]y crosses ! jaw on its l[] edge4 ,?is w be f\nd ab\t two in*es =w>d f its angle4 ,"r "h is ! l>ge muscle & at ! front edge ! pulsations may be caught4 ,to get ! pulse ( ! c[1 /& at ! left side1 rea* ov] ! neck & take x f ! "r jaw4 ,9 ! horse ! normal pulse beats are f #ce to #dj p] m9ute & may g to #ajj 9 disease4 ,9 ! c[ ! pulsations run f #de to #ej 9 heal?4 ,! pulse relates its /ory v accurately &1 ) practice1 c be con/antly us$ 9 diagnos+ ! nature ( ! ailm5t4 ,= in/ance1 a s(t pulse1 "o t is easily compress$ by ! f+]1 indicates bron*itis4 ,a h>d pulse1 "o n easily depress$ by ! f+]1 indicates acute inflammation4 ,a h>d pulse may be quick & b\nd+ & =ceful4 ,an irregul> pulse1 "o t beats fa/ = a "t1 !n sl[ly1 indicates a weak5$ he>t condition4 ,a sl[1 full pulse1 "o t comes up gradually to ! f+] t\*1 indicates "s bra9 tr\ble4 ,illu/ration3 ,,feel+ ,,! ,,pulse ,! he>t beat1 z x is call$1 may be felt by plac+ ! f+] ov] any ( ! sup]ficial art]ies4 ,! submaxill>y art]y z x passes "u ! edge ( ! l[] jaw close to ! bone is a conv5i5t vessel = ! purpose4 ,tak+ ! ,temp]ature4--,:ile ! heat ( ! body may be surmis$ by t\* & feel+ ?is is n a reliable guide z to ! temp]ature4 ,a self-regi/]+ !rmomet]1 ins]t$ into ! rectum1 is ! only reliable means = gett+ ?is desirable in=mation4 ,9 a /ate ( heal? ! temp]ature ( ! horse ranges f #ajj to #ajb4e4 ,:5 ! temp]ature rises1 inflammation is indicat$4 ,a fall 9 temp]ature bel[ normal d5otes loss ( /r5g?1 vitality1 & dea?4 ,if ! temp]ature rises ?ree or f\r degrees above normal1 ! case is s]i\s1 & a rise ( five or six is v dang]\s4 ,animals seldom survive :5 ! rise rea*es above #ajg or #ajh4 ,a good cl9ical !rmomet] %\ld be 9 ! possession ( e /ockman4 ,x co/s b little1 & its aid 9 recogniz+ & treat+ disease is helpful1 if n absolutely indisp5sable4 ,tak+ ! ,respiration4--,9 brea?+ two movem5ts are obs]v$--tak+ 9 & s5d+ out ! air4 ,9 heal? ! respiration is usually con/ant1 rang+ f #aj to #ad 9 ! horses1 & f #ae to #bj 9 cattle4 ,brea?+ is fa/] 9 "y animals2 & ex]cise increases ! numb] ( respirations p] m9ute4 ,any disease ( ! respiratory organs w cause ! brea?+ to be %ort & rapid & labor$4 ,if ! numb] ( respirations seem m ?an normal1 "s di/urbance is indicat$4 ,if ! pulse is fa/] at ! same "t1 illness is at once indicat$1 & ! tr\ble %\ld be s\ght at once4 ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,disease ,! fir/ ef=t 9 treat+ disease is to remove ! cause4 ,?is is sometimes done v easily4 ,mange & lice are quickly de/roy$ by wa%es & dis9fectants4 ,bright1 fre%1 :olesome food & pure wat] easily replace bad food & wat] to ! p]man5t good ( ! /ock4 ,cattle ticks quickly disappe> :5 ! grease bru% is appli$4 ,& s 9 e direction y take to fight ! disease3 f9d ! cause & !n remove x1 & half ! battle is f\ght4 ,if disease-produc+ g]ms _c be kill$ at ! mom5t1 x is /ill possible to dim9i% _! numb] or to modify _! virul5ce4 ,?us to op5 an abscess is to remove ! pus-produc+ bact]ia1 & h5ce to ha/5 recov]y4 ,to wa% a w\nd or op5 sore ) antiseptics is ! simple/ way to remove1 dim9i%1 & de/roy ! evil ( ! sore4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,heat ,,affects ,,gr[? ,at ! end ( #bd h\rs 9 a b sev5 bact]ia h develop$1 ! temp]ature be+ #ej degrees4 ,9 b #gjj h develop$ 9 ! same "t1 b 9 a temp]ature ( #gj degrees4 ,help+ ! ,body ,fight4--,:5 disease sets 9 a battle beg9s4 ,"o combatant is ! disease itself1 ! o!r ! body4 ,y\r "w is to r5d] assi/ance to ! body4 ,9 _m cases y\r help w n be ne$$4 ,9 o!rs y c r5d] incalculable aid4 ,"h is :]e m$ical aid beg9s & ends3 to c>e = & nurse & make ! body /rong t x may be victori\s1 quickly1 if possible1 b )\t fail1 9 ! end4 ,m$ic9es are helpful if !y dim9i% ! "w ( ! diseas$ organ1 giv+ 9 ?is way "t = ! body cells to br+ ab\t a cure4 ,!re=e re/ & quietness are advisable1 t no organ may be call$ ^u = any ef=t b normal function & repair4 ,a disease ( ! he>t calls = absolute re/1 ( ! inte/9es = little or no irritat+ or bulky or h>d food1 ( ! lungs = no exposure4 ,at times x is advisable to *eck ! activity ( an organ1 9 :i* case a drug may be giv51 l opium1 to quiet ! inte/9es1 or l aconite1 to dim9i% ! rate ( ! blood fl[4 ,9 ! same way ext]nal assi/ance may be r5d]$2 z1 = example1 sweat+--to ?r[ (f poison 9 ! tissue juices2 & blanket+--to ma9ta9 an ev5 temp]ature & to protect f *ill & draught4 ,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,m$ic9es ,m$ic9es are convey$ into ! body z dr5*es1 balls1 enemas1 & injections "u ! sk9 or into ! ve9s4 ,!re is no?+ my/]i\s ab\t any ( !m4 ,giv+ ,m$ic9es 9 a ,ball4--,! practice ( giv+ m$ic9es 9 a ball is a v old "o1 & has mu* to recomm5d x4 ,_m nause\s ag5ts z aloes1 opium1 ars5ic1 asafetida1 are ?us convey$ to ! /oma* )\t caus+ annoyance & disgu/ to ! pati5t4 ,! balls are wrapp$ 9 pap]1 d\gh1 or gelat9 capsules1 & may weigh an ounce or two4 ,9 giv+ a ball ! foll[+ plan is usually foll[$3 ,hold ! ball betwe5 ! ?umb & fir/ two f+]s4 ,n[ seize ! tongue at ab\t its middle & g5tly draw x out to ! side ( ! m\?1 9 su* a way t ! "r h& may be ins]t$ into ! m\? & ! ball plac$ f> back on ! tongue1 :5 ! h& is )drawn1 ! tongue replac$ & ! halt] or /rap wrapp$ ar\nd ! jaws until ! ball is swall[$4 ,giv+ ,m$ic9es 9 a ,dr5*4--,! dr5* is usually employ$ = liquid m$ic9es4 ,x is be/ to dilute ! m$ic9es ) wat]1 milk1 or oil t !y may m readily rea* ! /oma* & at ! same "t ex]cise no injury to ! /ructures ?r\gh :i* !y pass4 ,9 giv+ a dr5* ex]cise z mu* pati5ce z possible4 ,to horses x %\ld be giv5 sl[ly4 ,if !re is any disposition to c\gh1 l[] ! head1 & !n proce$ z be=e4 ,p\ltices4--,^! are made ( a v>iety ( ?+s1 bread1 bran1 & l9se$ meal be+ ! mo/ common4 ,any sub/ance t w hold wat] & reta9 heat w s]ve ! purpose4 ,mu/>d ,pla/]s4--,^! are made ) mu/>d & wat]1 cold wat] be+ ! mo/ desirable4 ,mix to a ?9 pa/e4 ,if ! "p to :i* ! pla/] is to be appli$ is cov]$ ) ?ick1 long hair1 a v ?9 pla/] w m quickly soak into ! sk94 ,?is k9d ( pla/] is mo/ commonly appli$ to ! ?roat1 ! w9dpipe1 ! sides ( ! *e/1 ! abdom5 & ov] ! region ( ! liv]4 ,to get ! be/ effect = ! la/ nam$1 apply on ! "r side at a po9t f\r or five in*es beh9d ! back ribs4 ,bli/]+4--,! fir/ /ep 9 bli/]+ is ! clipp+ ( ! hair ov] ! diseas$ "p1 & ! removal ( dirt & scurf atta*$ to ! sk94 ,! bli/] is to be work$ into ! sk91 & usually t5 m9utes ( rubb+ w be necess>y to produce ! desir$ results4 ,9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs bli/]s w =m1 & "s swell+ 9 ! region is likely to be manife/4 ,on ! ?ird day ba! ! "p ) w>m wat] & soap4 ,aft] dry+1 apply vasel9e1 l>d1 or sweet oil4 ,! bli/] %\ld be repeat$ if ! results ( ! fir/ bli/] d n br+ ab\t a cure4 ,fir+4--,! hot iron is a v useful ag5t 9 treat+ _m cases ( *ronic lam5ess & bone diseases4 ,9 p]=m+ su* an op]ation h ! iron at a full r$ & :ite heat & t\* ! "p g5tly ) j suffici5t pressure to make a di/9ct impression4 ,b "o leg %\ld be fir$ at a "t4 ,x is desirable to %ave ! hair closely to ! sk9 be=e apply+ ! iron4 ,! day foll[+ ! fir+ spread ov] ! w\nd any common w\nd oil l neat's-foot oil or vasel9e4 ,daily applications are call$ = until ! swell+ subsides4 ,unless a p]iod ( re/ is giv5 aft] ! op]ation1 ! be/ results w n be _h4 ,_m bone diseases return1 or are nev] cur$1 because complete recov]y nev] occurr$ 9 ! fir/ place4 ,"w & ex]tion only aggravate ! cases1 (t5 leav+ !m 9 a worse condition ?an be=e ! fir+4 ,,c>+ ,,= ,,sick ,,animals ,9 ! fir/ place keep !m clean4 ,if necess>y wa% !m daily1 especially ! p>ts liable to get fil?y & dirty4 ,9 fev] cases a g5tle spong+1 e few h\rs dur+ ! day1 is desirable4 ,v9eg> add$ to tepid wat] is v good4 ,animals 9 fev]i% or *illy condition c be assi/$ by blankets & b&ages4 ,^! are v helpful 9 w>d+ (f conge/ion ( ! int]nal organs & 9 ma9ta9+ an ev5 temp]ature ( ! body4 ,any w>m rug or blanket t is clean & light w s]ve4 ,9 b&ag+ ! legs1 endeavor to get an equal pressure at all po9ts4 ,a long roll is1 !re=e1 be/1 & sev]al lay]s %\ld be wrapp$ ar\nd ! memb]4 ,x is a good plan to remove ! b&age1 replac+ ) ano!r at lea/ once a day1 & two a day are bett]4 ,:5 a b&age is remov$1 ! sk9 %\ld be wa%$ & rubb$ ) ! h& & f+]s1 & ! cov]+ replac$ z promptly z possible4 ,food & ,dr9k4--,dur+ sickness only easily dige/ible food %\ld be provid$4 ,(f] some?+ diff]5t f ! ord9>y1 & let x be prep>$ 9 an appetiz+ =m4 ,no?+ is bett] ?an gruels & ma%es4 ,^! are s(t1 n\ri%+1 appetiz+1 & easily dige/$4 ,:5 active nutrition is dem&$1 milk & eggs c be add$ to ! ord9>y gruels or ma%es4 ,wat] %\ld be available at all times4 ,small am\nts at frequ5t int]vals are bett] ?an l>ge am\nts at int]vals f> ap>t4 ,9 a few in/ances only is x be/ to )hold ! wat]4 ,9 treat+ dys5t]y1 di>rha & diabetes wat] is usually )held1 b 9 mo/ diseases a free use is all[able & desirable4 ,,*apt] ,x ,diseases ( ,f>m ,animals ,,abortion4--,! expulsion ( ! fetus at a p]iod too "y to live ext]ior ( its "m is kn[n z abortion4 ,?is ailm5t may afflict c[s1 m>es1 s[s1 & ewes1 b is mo/ common among c[s4 ,abortion may be divid$ into two classes1 namely1 accid5tal & contagi\s4 ,if we _h no?+ b ! accid5tal =m ( abortion to cont5d ) we w\ld he> v little ab\t ?is disease1 ow+ to ! fact t x is p]fectly natural = animals to c>ry _! "y full "t1 reg>dless ( h[ mu* !y may be puni%$ or abus$ :ile 9 ?is condition if _! sy/em be free f ! g]ms ( contagi\s abortion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 contagi\s abortion is a v de/ructive disease1 caus+ heavy losses to ! /ockm5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z well z to o!r c\ntries4 ,contagi\s abortion is divid$ into two classes1 namely1 acute & *ronic4 ,c[s afflict$ ) ! acute =m ( abortion may lose f "o to ?ree calves4 ,c[s1 aft] pass+ f ! acute to ! *ronic =m ( abortion1 may c>ry _! calves full "t1 b are z badly affect$ ) ! g]ms ( contagi\s abortion z !y 7 9 ! acute =m1 :5 !y 7 los+ _! calves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,horse #a ,poll ,evil1 #b ,swell+ by ,bridle ,pressure1 #c ,inflam$ ,p>otid ,gl&1 #d ,inflam$ ,jugul> ,ve91 #e ,c>ies ( ! ,l[] ,jaw1 #f ,fi/ula ( ,p>otid ,duct1 #g ,bony ,excresc5ce1 #h ,fi/ula ( ,)]s1 #i ,saddle ,gall1 #aj ,tumor ,caus$ by ,coll>1 #aa ,spl9t1 #ab ,mal&]s1 #ac ,a ,tread on ! ,coronet1 #ad ,s& ,crack1 #ae ,quittor1 #af ,knee ,bun*1 #ag ,clap on ,back ,s9ews1 #ah ,r+ ,bone1 #ai ,f\nd]$ ,foot1 #bj ,v5tral ,h]nia1 #ba ,rat ,tail1 #bb ,spav91 #bc ,curb1 #bd ,qu>t] ,crack1 #be ,?ick ,leg1 #bf ,mal&]s1 #bg ,capp$ ,hock1 #bh ,swell$ ,s9ews1 #bi ,grease1 #cj ,s& ,crack1 #ca ,tumor ( ,elb[4 ,p]haps ! greate/ damage br\ght ab\t ) cattle afflict$ ) ! *ronic =m ( abortion is ! %ortage ( milk4 ,animals afflict$ ) accid5tal abortion %[ v few m>k$ symptoms be=e !y abort4 ,animals afflict$ ) contagi\s abortion h a numb] ( m>k$ symptoms1 namely1 little r$ pat*es ( infection on ! l9+ ( ! vulva1 & !re may also be pres5t a cat>rhal dis*>ge4 ,! %ea? ( ! h]d bull 9 ! acute =m ( ! disease has a cat>rhal dis*>ge1 :ile ! symptoms ( calves is a swell+ ( ! gl&s ( ! ?roat f e> to e>4 ,^! la/ nam$ symptoms d n appe> 9 accid5tal abortion4 ,ow+ to ! fact t ! g]ms ( contagi\s abortion are f\nd 9 ! mo!rs' blood1 9 ! g5ital organs ( ! c[ & ! bull1 & 9 ! /ables :]e9 !y are h\s$1 x has be5 positively decid$ t ! only reliable & effectual treatm5t = contagi\s abortion is ! hypod]mic treatm5t1 :i* de/roys ! g]m 9 ! "m's blood4 ,! g5ital organs ( ! c[ & bull %\ld be wa%$ out ) ! antiseptic solution made ( #a p9t ( corrosive sublimate to #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 & ! g]ms conta9$ 9 ! /ables :]e9 afflict$ animals are h\s$ %\ld be de/roy$ by dis9fectants4 ,9 ?is way ! disease is met at e turn1 & x is impossible = ! disease ( contagi\s abortion to exi/ :5 ?us h&l$4 ,,abscess4--,a collection ( pus 9 a new-=m$ cavity 9 ! body4 ,x has a well-def9$ wall surr\nd+ x4 ,an abscess is ! result ( entrance ( micro-organisms into ! body4 ,!y may h ent]$ ?r\gh w\nds or into ! hair follicles1 or abscesses may result f infecti\s diseases1 z /rangles or di/emp] 9 ! horse4 ,at ! seat ( ! abscess =mation swell+ occurs1 ! "p feels w>m] ?an ! surr\nd+ tissue1 is pa9ful to t\*1 & h>d4 ,^! conditions are due to ! inflammation ( ! "p4 ,lat] x becomes s(t1 less s5sitive1 & fluctuates1 :i* %[s t x is com+ to a head1 or t ! pus is collect+4 ,if ! sk9 is :ite x w %[ a yell[ color 9 ! c5t]1 :i* is usually rais$ above ! surface1 & ! hair falls out4 ,?is soon breaks & dis*>ges pus4 ,x is advisable to ha/5 ! rip5+ ( ! abscess by hot applications 9 =m ( p\ltices1 or a l>ge pack ( cotton saturat$ ) hot bi*loride ( m]cury #a "p to #a1jjj p>ts ( wat]1 or use "s "o ( ! coal t> dips #a "p to #ej p>ts ( wat]4 ,! application ( a light bli/] w (t5 ha/5 rip5+4 ,:5 ! pus has collect$ or ! abscess has come to a head1 x %\ld be op5$ at ! l[e/ "p 9 ord] to give free dra9age to ! pus conta9$ )94 ,great c>e %\ld be us$ 9 op5+ abscesses--n to cut blood vessels :i* might be 9 ! vic9ity4 ,9 case ! abscess breaks ( its own accord1 x is (t5 necess>y to enl>ge ! op5+1 9 ord] to give free dra9age = ! pus4 ,if ! abscess is l>ge or deep-seat$ x %\ld be wa%$ out ea* day ) bi*loride ( m]cury #a "p to wat] #a1jjj p>ts1 or ) a #b p] c5t solution ( "s "o ( ! coal t> dips4 ,aft] x is op5$ d n apply b&ages1 z !y prev5t ! free escape ( pus4 ,d n all[ ! op5+ to close until x heals f ! bottom2 or1 9 o!r words1 z long z x secretes pus1 = !re is dang] ( its break+ out aga94 ,if ! op5+ is too high up1 or n l>ge en\gh1 x may result 9 a runn+ sore or fi/ula4 ,,act9omycosis4--,call$ lumpy jaw1 because ( ! frequ5cy ( ! swell+ locat$ on ! jaw4 ,x is due to ! entrance ( a specific organism1 a fungus1 into ! tissues4 ,?is causes an inflammation1 ) an increase 9 ! am\nt ( tissue1 z %[n by ! enl>gem5t & 9 :i* an abscess is =m$4 ,adult cattle are ! only animals commonly affect$ ) ?is disease1 b occasionally ne>ly all classes ( dome/ic animals may be affect$4 ,a numb] ( cases h also be5 report$ 9 man1 b ! disease 9 cattle1 be+ localiz$ to a small region ( body1 usually ! head1 !re is little dang] ( transmission f animal to man 9 eat+ beef4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lumpy ,,jaw ,an ext]ior view %[+ location ( lumpy jaw4 ,! symptoms are recogniz$ by ! *>act]i/ic tumor1 usually obs]v$ on ! jaw1 ei!r ( ! bone or ( ! s(t tissues 9 t vic9ity4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 affect ! tongue1 or1 9 fact1 ne>ly any ( ! organs ( ! body4 ,its developm5t is m or less ( a sl[1 con/ant gr[?1 beg9n+ ) a v small nodule1 b1 :5 all[$ to run its c\rse1 may rea* ! size ( a cocoanut1 or l>g]4 ,on rea*+ "s size1 x usually ruptures & f x dis*>ges a ?ick1 yell[i% pus4 ,x is to be di/+ui%$ v l>gely by its commonly affect+ cattle1 its location1 its sl[ gr[? & its firm1 h>d consi/5cy1 & f9ally a dis*>ge ( pus f x4 ,treatm5t consi/s1 if ( small size 9 ! s(t tissues1 ( complete excision by ! knife4 ,b1 if ( l>g] size1 or :5 ! bone or l>ge blood vessels are involv$1 rec\rse %\ld be _h to ! int]nal adm9i/ration ( iodide ( pota% f "o to two teaspoonfuls 9 a dr5* ( a qu>t ( wat]1 or1 9 "s in/ances1 x may be giv5 9 ! dr9k+ wat] once daily4 ,?is %\ld be cont9u$ = a week or t5 days1 :5 ! treatm5t %\ld be discont9u$ = a l "t1 &1 if necess>y1 repeat$ sev]al times4 ,,aft]bir?1 ,,ret5tion ,,(4--,?is is a condition result+ f ! failure ( ! "m to pass ! membranes aft] ! bir? ( h] "y4 ,x happ5s mo/ frequ5tly 9 cases ( abortion1 or :5 bir? occurs be=e "t4 ,!re is usually m or less ( a mass ( ! membranes hang+ f ! op5+1 :i* occasionally rea*es to bel[ ! hock1 or ev5 to ! gr\nd4 ,:5 fre% x looks some:at l ! inte/9es1 b if expos$ to ! air = "s "t x is grayi% 9 color1 especially :5 x beg9s to decompose4 ,! odor is v (f5sive1 & ! dis*>ge soils all ! h9d p>ts ( ! animal4 ,9 ^! cases ! heal? ( ! animal suff]s1 & fev] frequ5tly results1 ) a loss ( appetite & fl[ ( milk4 ,! fev] & inflammation ( ! p>ts may g s f> z to cause ! dea? ( ! animal4 ,! aft]bir? %\ld nev] be all[$ to rema9 ov] ?ree days 9 ! c[1 nor ov] tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 ! m>e4 ,9 ! m>e1 s[1 or bit* g5tly pull+ on ! membranes1 at ! same "t twi/+ !m easily1 w (t5 br+ !m out )\t injury to ! animal4 ,) ! c[ x is diff]5t4 ,"h ! membranes are 8button$0 on 9 tufts1 & ! pull+1 & especially ! twi/+1 usually makes matt]s worse & injures ! ut]us4 ,aft] remov+ ! membranes !re always rema9s 9 ! ut]us a quantity ( fluid1 :i* %\ld be wa%$ out ) wat] a little cool] ?an ! blood ( ! animal1 add+ ab\t a teaspoonful ( c>bolic acid or o!r good antiseptic to ea* gallon ( wat] & mix+ well4 ,! h&s & arms ( ! op]ator %\ld be absolutely clean1 & dur+ ! op]ation %\ld be kept cov]$ ) c>boliz$ oil or c>boliz$ soap & wat]4 ,9 m>es1 especially1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to injure ! p>ts1 z inflammation sets 9 v mu* quick] ?an 9 ! c[4 ,sev]al gallons ( ! above solution %\ld be inject$ z soon z ! condition is notic$1 & a w>m bran ma% f$ to ! animal occasionally w help h] g5]al heal?4 ,,anemia4--,a defici5cy ( r$ blood corpuscles4 ,! animal is scanty ( fle%1 hide b\nd & 9 a g5]al run-d[n & debilitat$ condition4 ,! disease is sometimes call$ holl[ horn4 ,treatm5t consi/s ( bett] food & c>e4 ,! fe$ %\ld be ( a nature su* z w enri* ! blood & build up ! sy/em4 ,food ( a succul5t nature1 l roots1 gre5 grass1 or ensilage1 w help out4 ,a tonic1 made z foll[s1 w be helpful3 ,two teaspoonfuls ( sulphate ( iron1 #a teaspoonful ( p[d]$ nux vomica1 & #d tablespoonfuls ( gr\nd g5tian root4 ,add ?is to ! food ea* day = a week or t5 days4 ,,an?rax1 ,,or ,,*>bon4--,an acute1 infecti\s disease ( plant-eat+ animals1 :i*1 "u favorable conditions1 attacks fle%-eat+ animals z well4 ,x is caus$ by a microbe :i* ent]s ! circulat+ blood & by multiplication !re9 causes its rapid de/ruction1 & ! dea? ( ! animal4 ,! disease is z old z human hi/ory4 ,x exi/s 9 all c\ntries & 9 all latitudes4 ,x 0 =m]ly v de/ructive to human life1 z well z to animals4 ,!re is no disease :i* attacks m diff]5t k9ds ( animals ?an an?rax1 nor "o :i* is m deadly4 ,also1 !re is no disease :i* is h>d] to deal ) f ! sanit>y po9t ( view2 nor h>d] to /amp out4 ,! reasons = ?is w be %[n lat] on4 ,soil is ! prime factor 9 pres]v+ & propagat+ ! microbe1 :5 x is naturally wet1 imp]meable1 & ri* 9 decompos+ animal & vegetable matt]4 ,! microbe ( an?rax may ent] ! body by sev]al *annels4 ,x may be tak5 9 ) ! food or dr9k4 ,x may be brea!d into ! lungs4 ,x may ent] ?r\gh abrad$ surfaces on ! sk94 ,x may be inoculat$ into ! body by bit+ insects4 ,!re are sev]al =ms ( ! disease & ^! are det]m9$ by ! modes ( entrance ( ! virus4 ,"o =m1 :i* occurs especially 9 %eep & cattle1 at ! comm5cem5t ( an outbreak1 & :i* is *>act]iz$ by ! sudd5ness ( its onset & its high degree ( fatality1 is kn[n z ! apoplectic1 or fulm9ant =m4 ,)\t %[+ any previ\s symptoms1 an animal w sudd5ly be seiz$ ) loss ( appetite1 trembl+1 uneas9ess1 irregul>ity ( movem5ts1 difficult brea?+1 blu5ess ( ! no/rils1 bell[+1 convulsions & hemorrhages f ! natural op5+s4 ,dea? may occur 9 a few m9utes or 9 f\r or five h\rs4 ,ano!r type is kn[n z an?rax fev]1 or int]nal an?rax4 ,"h we h di/9ct symptoms1 ! mo/ important be+ high fev] ( f ?ree to f\r degrees1 excitability & re/lessness4 ,blood may ooze 9 drops f ! nose1 eyes1 or e>s1 & f inside ( ! =e>m or ?igh1 9 %eep4 ,!re w be trembl+1 pro/ration1 numbness ( ! lo9s1 ?ir/1 gr9d+ ( ! tee?1 colicky pa9s1 bloat+1 bloody dis*>ges1 palpitation ( ! he>t1 difficult brea?+1 blu5ess ( ! visible muc\s membranes1 j]k+ ( ! muscles ( ! back & neck1 & roll+ ( ! eyes4 ,! animal w die 9 comatose /ate1 or 9 convulsions1 & dea? w occur 9 %eep 9 ab\t a day4 ,cattle w live f two to five days1 & horses f "o to six days4 ,a ?ird =m is ext]nal an?rax1 :i* manife/s itself 9 swell+ ( ! tongue1 ?roat1 rectum1 & sk9 9 cattle2 & ( ! tongue1 ?roat1 neck1 %\ld]s1 )]s1 flank1 or ?igh 9 horses4 ,^! swell+s h a firm1 d\ghy feel+1 are n pa9ful g5]ally1 & %[ a m>k$ t5d5cy to gangr5e4 ,!y nev] suppurate4 ,if cut 7?is %\ld nev] be done71 !y dis*>ge a pale1 /raw-color$ liquid4 ,9 ?is may be f\nd ! microbe4 ,! rapidity ) :i* putrefaction occurs 9 an an?rax c>cass is v m>k$4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic is1 ! blood loses its prop]ty ( clott+1 is d>k & t>ry1 & does n become light 9 color by contact ) air1 l normal blood4 ,9 fulm9ant cases1 h[ev]1 ^! *>act]s are n s well m>k$4 ,o!r signs ( ! disease1 if a f>m] %\ld be s un=tunate z to op5 an an?rax c>cass & !reby spread ! infection on 8 f>m1 w be great enl>gem5t ( ! sple51 or milt1 & also ( ! liv]4 ,bloody pat*es 9 ! tongue1 ?roat1 lungs1 /oma*1 & inte/9es1 caul1 sk91 & muscles1 or 9 fact 9 almo/ any "p ( ! body1 w be pla9ly visible4 ,! ,managem5t ( ! ,sick ,animal & disposal ( ! c>cass are ! mo/ important proc$ures 9 an outbreak ( an?rax1 f a sanit>y /&po9t4 ,m$ic9al treatm5t is ( little value4 ,a vacc9e has be5 discov]$ t is v effective 9 prev5t+ ! disease4 ,?is has be5 us$ v successfully 9 bo? ?is & ,european c\ntries4 ,if a case ( an?rax is suspect$1 call y\r vet]9>ian at once4 ,! disease w n pass ?r\gh ! air f a sick animal to a heal?y "o1 b ! dis*>ges :i* inv>iably occur dur+ ! progress ( ! disease all conta9 ! microbe1 & ev]y?+ soil$ by !m is infecti\s mat]ial & capable ( spread+ ! disease4 ,:5 an animal is infect$1 remove at once to ! burial lot & tie x ne> ! place x is to be buri$1 to save h&l+ & scatt]+ ! infection4 ,:5 x dies1 dig ! grave4 ,!n saturate ! animal ) k]os5e or coal oil & set x afire4 ,by means ( ropes ti$ ar\nd ! fetlocks turn ! animal1 saturate ! o!r side & fire t1 & also ! soles ( ! feet4 ,:5 e hair has be5 burn$ (f1 dissolve a "o-p\nd c>ton ( *lor9at$ lime 7fre%ly op5$7 9 suffici5t wat] to make a fluid t w j p\r f ! cup4 ,fill ! no/rils ) ?is1 also ! m\? & eyes1 :i* %\ld be pri$ op5 ) a /ick dipp$ 9 solution4 ,saturate "s cotton or rags ) ! lime1 & plug up ! no/rils or m\?4 ,treat ! rectum likewise4 ,turn ! animal into its grave1 spr9kle ! gr\nd on :i* x has /ood & laid ) a /rong solution ( *lor9at$ lime1 & %ovel ! top lay]s ( ?is soil into ! grave4 ,foll[ ?is ) ! grave soil1 bank+ x up1 z 9 human graves4 ,9 cases :]e ! animal is f\nd dead1 ! same me?od is to be pursu$1 except t ! animal is haul$ to ! grave on a sl$ 7nev] dragg$ ov] ! gr\nd74 ,9 ^! cases1 also1 ! place :]e x di$ mu/ be dis9fect$ by ! same means1 aft] haul+ out all loose mat]ial & burn+ ! same1 z ne> z possible to ! place :]e ! animal di$4 ,x w\ld also be necess>y to dis9fect ! sl$ & all tools :i* came 9 contact ) ! c>cass4 ,,apoplexy4--,a ruptur$ blood vessel 9 ! bra92 usually causes unconsci\sness1 at lea/ = a "t4 ,! control ( c]ta9 muscles is lo/ & a g5]al dullness prevails ov] ! animal4 ,9 case ! apoplectic attack runs a favorable c\rse1 ! muscles come m or less "u control aga9 & ! pati5t 9 "t may recov]4 ,x is 9 r>e cases only1 h[ev]1 t animals recov] to an ext5t to be wor? mu* aft] be+ affect$ ) apoplexy4 ,=tunately ! disease 9 animals is r>e4 ,,azoturia1 ,,or ,,monday ,,morn+ ,,disease4--,?is is a v peculi> affection ( ! horse1 9 :i* ! animal %[s a special =m ( lam5ess ^u ex]cise1 aft] hav+ rema9$ idle = a day or two4 ,! cause is n def9itely kn[n1 & yet ! circum/ances "u :i* ! disease develops are r con/ant1 su*1 = in/ance1 z an animal 9 vigor\s condition1 f$ lib]ally ^u nitrog5\s fe$1 rema9+ idle ov] ,sunday1 a holiday or at o!r times4 ,^u be+ tak5 out ! foll[+ morn+ ! animal usually %[s an excess ( en]gy1 b be=e go+ f> beg9s to g lame 9 "o or bo? h9d limbs until1 if urg$ fur!r1 becomes completely p>alyz$ beh9d1 go+ d[n & unable to rise4 ,he also %[s consid]able pa91 z ?\gh he might be suff]+ f "s =m ( colic1 ) a pr(use sweat+4 ,on rea*+ ?is po9t ! animal usually ceases to void ! ur9e1 :i*1 :5 drawn1 appe>s a v d>k br[n or c(fee color4 ,! pulse & brea?+ are some:at accel]at$1 & frequ5tly !re is consid]able n]v\s excitem5t4 ,! muscles ( ! lo9 & ?igh are t5se & rigid4 ,! treatm5t %\ld beg9 z soon z ! lam5ess %[s itself4 ,aft] a few h\rs ( re/1 ! di/ress w be ov]4 ,! m ex]cise giv5 ! animal aft] ! lam5ess beg9s1 ! m sev]e ! tr\ble1 & ! m en]getic means ( treatm5t requir$4 ,9 a case %[+ signs ( n]v\s excitem5t1 x %\ld receive #b tablespoonfuls ( bromide ( potassium e ?ree or f\r h\rs until becom+ quiet4 ,sweat+ %\ld be induc$ by blanket+ ! animal well1 pref]ably us+ blankets wrung out ( hot wat] & cov]$ ) a dry "o4 ,all[ all ! wat] ! animal w dr9k & give x #d tablespoonfuls sweet spirits ( nit] ?ree times a day if bladd] is n p>alyz$4 ,if unable to void ! ur9e1 ! bladd] mu/ be empti$ ?ree times daily4 ,a laxative or purgative %\ld be giv5 e>ly 9 ! disease4 ,if ! animal rema9s some:at /iff1 give a teaspoonful 9 ! fe$ twice a day ( ! foll[+3 ,p[d]$ nux vomica1 #d teaspoonfuls2 p[d]$ sulphate ( iron1 #f teaspoonfuls2 p[d]$ g5tian root1 #f teaspoonfuls4 ,,b>r5ness4--,failure to bre$ is usually due to an acid secretion ( ! g5ital organs1 to ! g]ms ( contagi\s abortion1 ret5tion ( ! aft]bir?1 or to an abnormal condition ( ! sexual organs ( ei!r ! male or female4 ,! acid secretion ( ! g5ital organs prev5ts conception by de/roy+ ! sem5 ( ! male2 ! g]ms ( contagi\s abortion set up a cat>rhal inflammation & dis*>ge1 :i* also prev5ts conception2 ret5tion ( ! aft]bir?1 :e!r x be remov$ by =ce or p]mitt$ to sl\gh away1 usually leaves ! womb 9 a diseas$ & cat>rhal condition1 effect+ a dis*>ge2 impot5cy may be due to excessive use ( ! male1 or to advanc+ age 9 bo? male & female4 ,any unnatural dis*>ge irritates & scalds ! m\? ( ! womb s t :5 ! dis*>ge ceases ! m\? ( ! womb heals1 & x is impossible to make a c[ or m>e bre$ )\t me*anical int]f]5ce4 ,?is k9d ( treatm5t is conducive to f]tility by increas+ ! blood supply to ! "p4 ,me*anical contrivances are n[ on ! m>ket = ! purpose ( dilat+ ! m\? ( ! womb4 ,^! increase ! probability ( pregnancy4 ,if ! womb be op5$ j be=e s]vice1 _m tr\blesome cases c be correct$4 ,?is is done by ins]t+ ! oil$ h& & arm into ! vag9a1 f9d+ ! op5+ into ! womb1 & gradually dilat+ x by ins]t+ "o or m f+]s until ! passage is op5 & free4 ,,big ,,head4--,j :y bones become s(t & frequ5tly are absorb$ 9 normal animals is n kn[n1 unless x is due to an abs5ce ( "s ess5tial bone con/itu5t 9 ! food or wat]4 ,! disease %[s t ! bone is absorb$ & its /ructure s(t5$4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! bone enl>ges1 becomes spongy & light4 ,! disease usually />ts z a swell+ 9 ! head1 h5ce ! "n4 ,(t5 ! l[] jaws are enl>g$1 &1 z ! disease progresses1 ! legs become affect$4 ,at ! same "t ! animal loses weight4 ,! treatm5t consi/s ( n\ri%+ foods1 ri* 9 ! m9]al con/itu5ts4 ,bett] consult a vet]9>ian :5 ! disease is fir/ notic$4 ,,big ,,jaw ,,( ,,cattle4--,see ,act9omycosis4 ,,big ,,knee4--,(t5 cattle %[ l>ge bun*es ov] ! knees4 ,^! may be s(t or h>d4 ,9 cattle ^! big knees are caus$ by h>d floors1 9 ly+ d[n & gett+ up4 ,big knee 9 horses is a little diff]5t1 be+ m 9 ! nature ( spav9 or r+bone1 & 9 ?is case occurr+ at ! knee jo9ts4 ,9 cattle ! bun* may be localiz$ 9 ! fle% & sk94 ,) horses1 x is an attack on ! bony /ructure4 ,:5 fir/ notic$ a bli/] may be us$4 ,,big ,,leg4--,see ,lymphangitis4 ,,bitt] ,,milk4--,frequ5tly g]ms get into ! udd]1 &1 z a result1 bitt] milk or blue milk or bad milk results4 ,sometimes ! bad ta/e ( milk is due to ! odor 9 ! /able or to ! food t ! c[s get :ile pa/ur+4 ,turnips give a bad ta/e to ! milk1 z does g>lic or wild onions4 ,if ! bitt] ta/e or ! blue milk is due to disease g]ms1 !n ! rem$y lies 9 ! de/ruction ( ^! g]ms4 ,j aft] milk+1 & ea* qu>t] ?or\ghly empti$1 inject a w>m solution ( boric acid4 ,,blackhead4--,a g]m disease affect+ turkeys & *ick5s4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by a d>k purple appe>ance 9 ! comb & wattles4 ,f[ls attack$ by ! disease %[ dullness & laz9ess2 at ! same "t indige/ion di/urbances & di>rha is obs]v$4 ,! be/ treatm5t is to kill ! f[ls affect$ j z soon z !y become affect$4 ,?is w prev5t ! disease f spread+4 ,x is advisable to burn ! bodies ( ! dead s z to prev5t ! spread+ ( ! g]ms4 ,?or\gh dis9fection is necess>y4 ,,blackleg4--,an infecti\s disease produc$ by ! blackleg bacillus1 a p>asite :i* lives & propagates 9 ! soil ( infect$ di/ricts & 9 ! bodies ( diseas$ animals4 ,c]ta9 k9ds ( soil are v favorable to ! exi/5ce ( ! p>asite1 & su*1 :5 once infect$1 easily rema9 s p]man5tly & ?us con/itute ! s\rce ( ! disease4 ,ye>s ago blackleg 0 reg>d$ z a =m ( an?rax4 ,?is has be5 prov$ errone\s1 h[ev]1 = blackleg & an?rax are two di/9ct & indep5d5t diseases1 ea* be+ caus$ by a specific g]m4 ,"o diseas$ animal does n transmit ! disease directly to a heal?y "o4 ,:5 caus$1 x is ! result ( self-inoculation1 t is1 by ! g]m ent]+ a w\nd 9 ! sk9 or muc\s membrane ( ! body1 produc$ on ! legs :ile ! animals are roam+ ov] ! fields1 or at ! m\? :ile graz+2 ^! are ! places by :i* ! blackleg g]ms get into ! sy/em4 ,an animal dy+ ( blackleg is fairly alive ) g]ms1 :i* rema9 9 virul5t condition = a long "t4 ,x behooves ! f>m]1 !re=e1 to completely de/roy ?is k9d ( dead2 n by bury+1 = !n ! g]ms rema9 9 ! soil4 ,! be/ way is to burn ! animal "r on ! spot :]e x di$4 ,if ! animal is mov$ to ano!r place1 ! infection is spread1 !reby1 & n only ! dea? place1 b ! grass ov] :i* ! animal has be5 mov$1 %\ld be ?or\ghly dis9fect$ t no g]ms may survive4 ,! disease is *>act]iz$ 9 ! appe>ance ( l>ge swell+s on v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 usually on "o ( ! upp] portions ( ! legs1 & nev] bel[ ! hock or knee jo9ts4 ,swell+s v>y 9 size1 & are always =m$ by ! pres5ce ( gas t has collect$ 9 ! tissue j b5ea? ! sk94 ,?is gas is a product ( ! g]m4 ,y w notice a peculi> crackl+ s\nd :5 y pass y\r h& ov] ^! swell+s4 ,:5 punctur$ ) a knife ^! swell+s emit a bloody fluid possess+ a disagreeable & sick5+ odor4 ,associat$ ) ! disease are loss ( appetite1 high fev] & lam5ess4 ,dea? foll[s j a few days f ! "t ( attack4 ,s f> no m$ic9al treatm5t = cure has be5 discov]$4 ,/ock %\ld n be admitt$ to infect$ regions4 ,! only safe practice 9 regions :]e blackleg is preval5t is 9 ! use ( protective inoculation or vacc9ation4 ,su* vacc9ation r5d]s ! animals immune1 & ev5 if attack$1 !re is almo/ no appe>ance ( ! disease at all4 ,us+ ,blackleg ,vacc9e4--,! blackleg vacc9e n[ s well kn[n is made f diseas$ fle% tak5 f a calf t has di$ f blackleg4 ,?is fle%1 aft] be+ dri$ & p[d]$1 is !n prop]ly prep>$ & inject$ into ! animal4 ,!re are two k9ds--a weak & a /rong vacc9e & s+le & d\ble vacc9e4 ,! s+le vacc9e requires b "o inoculation4 ,! latt] is believ$ to be sup]ior & gives bett] protection4 ,! vacc9e is usually available f ! /ate exp]im5t /ations1 or c be obta9$ ?r\gh y\r vet]9>ian4 ,ab\t ! only skill requir$ 9 do+ ! "w is 9 hav+ ! in/rum5ts ?or\ghly clean$ & dis9fect$4 ,a hypod]mic syr+e is us$ & ! injection made on ! und]side ( ! tail1 a few in*es f ! tip1 or j b5ea? ! sk9 ( ! neck or %\ld]4 ,! po9t ( ! syr+e %\ld n puncture ! muscle at all2 simply pick up ! sk9 & draw x away f ! muscle & admit ! fluid 9 ! loose space betwe5 ! two4 ,:5 vacc9at$1 ! treatm5t is suppos$ to la/ ab\t a ye>4 ,if calves are vacc9at$ ! op]ation %\ld be repeat$ at ab\t ! age ( ye>l+4 ,two p]iods ( vacc9ation are sugge/$3 :5 turn$ to pa/ure 9 ! spr+ or :5 turn$ to dry food 9 ! fall4 ,full directions z to ! use ( vacc9es always accompany ! prep>ations & fur!r detail is unnecess>y "h4 ,prev5tive m$ic9es _c be reli$ ^u1 al?\gh a common "o is us$ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/1 made z foll[s3 #d ounces ( sulphur1 #a ounce ( saltpet]1 #b p\nds ( sulphate ( iron1 & #a p\nd ( air-slak$ lime4 ,aft] be+ ?or\ghly pulv]iz$ & mix$1 ?is is add$ to "o-?ird ( a gallon ( common salt & us$ 9 ! place ( salt4 ,,bladd]1 ,,/one ,,94--,see ,concretions or ,calculi 9 ,ur9>y ,organs4 ,,bl9d ,,/agg]s4--,see ,/agg]s4 ,,bloat+ ,,9 ,,cattle4--,?is disease1 sometimes call$ hov51 is *>act]iz$ by ! di/5tion ( ! paun* or rum51 & is due to ! accumulation ( gas4 ,x mo/ frequ5tly occurs :5 cattle or %eep are pa/ur$ on clov] or alfalfa1 especially if x is moi/ j aft] a ra91 or :5 dew is on ! gr\nd1 & :5 n accu/om$ to fre% gre5 food4 ,i h kn[n ( _m cases :]e cattle h bloat$ f eat+ alfalfa hay dur+ ! w9t] season4 ,!re is no mi/ak+ ! disease4 ,! animal %[s pa91 goes (f to itself1 & brea!s ) difficulty4 ,colic is (t5 associat$ ) bloat+4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic symptom1 h[ev]1 is ! excessive swell+ due to ! gas4 ,! bloat+ is notic$ ev5 ov] ! back ( ! animal1 ! gas cont9ues to =m1 &1 unless relief is secur$1 ! animal w *oke & die z ! result4 ,or "s suppression ( ! vital processes w occur1 ev5 ruptur+1 ) ! same fatal end+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:]e ,,to ,,tap ,,9 ,,bloat+ ,ins]t ! troc> & canula1 or if ^! are n available a knife may be us$4 ,make ! puncture d[nw>d & =w>d & plunge ! in/rum5t into ! rum54 ,bloat+ may take "o or two =ms2 a mild case 9 :i* recov]y gradually foll[s1 & a v sev]e =m1 :]e ! only salvation is 9 tapp+ to release ! gas4 ,if x is an ord9>y case ( bloat+1 n v sev]e1 ord9>y rem$ies w give relief4 ,turp5t9e 9 doses ( #h or #aj tablespoonfuls is good4 ,"s use #d tablespoonfuls ( hyposulphide ( soda dissolv$ 9 wat]1 ) excell5t results4 ,"s vet]9>ians give doses consi/+ ( #d tablespoonfuls ( aromatic spirits ( ammonia 9 wat] z a dr5*4 ,g+] is frequ5tly giv51 z mu* z #d tablespoonfuls dilut$ 9 w>m wat] z a dr5*4 ,to keep ! animal mov+ ab\t is excell5t4 ,9 sev]e cases x is advisable to tap ) ! troc> & canula4 ,inde$1 tapp+ is ! la/ resort if y w\ld save ! animal4 ,^! are ins]t$ on ! left side ( ! sk9 & pu%$ into ! rum5 or paun*1 ! incision be+ made ab\t half way betwe5 ! po9t ( ! hip & ! la/ rib4 ,9 introduc+ ! troc> pu% 9 & d[n4 ,aft] ! ins]tion is made1 ! troc> is )drawn & ! canula is left 9 to furni% an op5+ ?r\gh :i* ! gas c escape4 ,9 case ! canula gets clogg$ ) p>tially dige/$ fe$1 ins]t ! troc> s z to pu% away ! mat]ial & )draw x aga94 ,if ! troc> & canula are n available1 !n use a pocket knife4 ,( c\rse1 be c>eful t ! incision is n made too l>ge4 ,j a few simple precautions are sugge/$ "h z a prev5tion ( ?is tr\ble4 ,!re is always dang] f bloat+ :5 cattle or %eep are turn$ into gre5 pa/ures1 especially :5 n accu/om$ to su* fe$ & especially :5 wet4 ,x is advisable1 !re=e1 to keep /ock f ! pa/ure until lat] 9 ! day :5 ! dew has disappe>$4 ,/ock %\ld h _! regul> morn+ fe$ j z usual be=e be+ turn$ on ! pa/ure4 ,!y w h less gre$y appetites1 w n l to gorge !mselves1 & h5ce ! tr\ble w n be br\ght on4 ,,blood ,,poison+4--,:5 blood poison+ results f ! entrance ( bact]ia into ! circulation1 x is t]m$ septic infection4 ,?is means t ! disease may be communicat$ to a heal?y animal by inoculation4 ,?us1 an op]ator 9 mak+ a po/ portem exam9ation may br+ on blood poison+ because ( an accid5tal prick ( ! sk94 ,an animal may /ep on a nail or get a spl9t] 9 a muscle or "u ! sk91 & become self-inoculat$1 9 "t becom+ affect$ ) septic infection4 ,consequ5tly bact]ia are ! direct induc+ factors4 ,! *emical poisons produc$ z a result ( ! "w ( ^! bact]ia1 z ^? ( putrefaction1 may induce :at is kn[n z septicmia4 ,on ! o!r h& :]e pus is produc$1 z 9 ! abscesses :i* foll[ ^u neglect$ w\nds 9 jo9ts1 a =m ( blood poison+ is produc$ kn[n z pymia4 ,9 ei!r case blood poison+ may result1 become v s]i\s & may cause ! dea? ( ! victim4 ,at fir/ *ills may be notic$1 !n a rise ( temp]ature1 quick respiration1 rapid b weak pulse1 & mu* pro/ration4 ,all ! "t ! appetite is disappe>+1 until x becomes lo/4 ,! muc\s membranes ( ! eyes & nose take on a yell[i%1 r$ t9t (t5 %[+ spots or blot*es ( blood & ! tongue becomes coat$ & clammy4 ,quick treatm5t is necess>y 9 e case ( blood poison+4 ,z soon z notic$1 ! s\rce %\ld be treat$ ) dis9fectants1 !reby arre/+ ! supply ( morbid matt]4 ,a /rict employm5t ( antiseptics1 s z to de/roy ! bact]ia1 is ! fir/ ess5tial4 ,we look ^u ! prick f a ru/y nail1 or w\nd f a wire f5ce1 or a dirty /able spl9t]1 z matt]s ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 yet a great deal ( dang] lurks among ^!4 ,!y %\ld be avoid$ z mu* z possible & 9 all cases imm$iately treat$4 ,z soon z ! poison is admitt$ to ! blood or tissue1 ! disease g]ms multiply & soon are pres5t 9 great numb]s4 ,_h ! w\nd be5 cleans$ ) an antiseptic l c>bolic acid 9 ! beg9n+1 x w\ld h be5 a simple matt] & ! poison w\ld h be5 neutraliz$1 & ! +ress ( ! invad]s made unattractive1 if n altoge!r impossible4 ,9 all cases ( blood poison+1 look to a sy/ematic & con/ant application ( suitable lotions to ! injur$ p>ts1 to c>eful nurs+1 & to n\ri%+ food4 ,if ! appetite has completely dep>t$1 x is (t5 advisable to =ce food l eggs & milk into ! /oma*1 s t ! /r5g? ( ! pati5t may nev] be dissipat$ or weak5$4 ,) ?is treatm5t %\ld g pure fre% air1 cleanl9ess & mu* sun%9e4 ,x usually is advisable to call a vet]9>ian z e>ly z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bog ,,spav9 ,! bulg+ outw>d ( ! s(t tissues ( ! hock jo9t is due to ! secretion ( jo9t oil or lubricat+ liquid 9 abnormal am\nts4 ,,bloody ,,milk4--,sometimes1 j aft] calv+1 bloody milk is obs]v$4 ,! cause is g5]ally due to a rupture ( ! small blood vessels 9 ! vic9ity ( ! cells t secrete ! milk4 ,x may be due to a t9y accid5t ( "s k9d or x may be ! result ( disease1 localiz$ 9 ! udd]4 ,ba?+ ! udd] ) hot wat] w prove helpful &1 until ! milk is normal1 frequ5t milk+s are desirable4 ,if ! condition prevails = any l5g? ( "t & ! c[ is n a v good "o1 x is j z well to fatt5 h] & s5d h] to ! but*]4 ,,bloody ,,ur9e4--,a condition ( ! ur9e peculi> to c]ta9 diseases l ,texas fev] 9 cattle & azoturia 9 horses4 ,9 ! latt] disease ! ur9e is q turbid & d>k 9 color1 sometimes almo/ black4 ,,bog ,,spav94--,a r\nd1 smoo? tumor at ! front & on ! inside ( ! hock4 ,x is ! result ( spra9s1 bruises1 or o!r injuries4 ,:5 ^! injuries occur1 too mu* jo9t oil is secret$1 caus+ a bulg+ ( ! ligam5t4 ,lam5ess seldom accompanies a bog spav94 ,if lam5ess be pres5t o!r /ructures are c]ta9 to be affect$1 & "s pa9 & heat w be notic$1 toge!r ) a /iffness ( ! jo9t4 ,treatm5t consi/s ( applications ( cold wat] to ! affect$ p>ts & a lotion made ( #b tablespoonfuls ( acetate ( lead 9 a qu>t ( wat]4 ,a bli/] made ( #a teaspoonful b9iodide ( m]cury & #d tablespoonfuls ( l>d rubb$ 9 a little ) ! f+]s & repeat$ 9 t5 days or two weeks & cont9u$ = "s mon?s w correct ! tr\ble4 ,wa% ! "p hav+ receiv$ ! bli/] tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] application4 ,x is also advisable to tie ! horse's head :ile ! bli/] is on1 s t he _c bite ! "p4 ,,bone ,,spav94--,see ,spav94 ,,bot ,,flies ,,or ,,breeze ,,flies4--,! l>v or grub ( all common bot flies are ?ick1 fle%y grubs & pass _! life 9 "s portion ( ! body4 ,:5 !y are fully develop$ !y leave ! body by "s r\te & bore into ! gr\nd1 :]e !y g ?r\gh ano!r /age ( _! developm5t kn[n z ! pupa /age4 ,:5 ?is /age is complet$ !y crawl out ( ! gr\nd z a fly ready to deposit eggs4 ,horse ,bot ,fly4--,ev]yone is famili> ) ! common nit fly & ! yell[ nit t is atta*$ to ! hair on almo/ all p>ts ( ! horse1 b especially on ! *e/ & legs4 ,! "y l>v or ev5 ! egg may be transf]r$ f ^! regions ( ! body into ! m\? by ! horse bit+ ^! p>ts4 ,! grub passes into ! /oma* :]e x atta*es itself to ! muc\s l9+ & cont9ues its developm5t4 ,! bot is n s dang]\s z x is popul>ly suppos$ to be4 ,!y may1 :5 atta*$ 9 l>ge numb]s to ! "r side ( ! /oma*1 int]f]e ) dige/ion & be responsible = "s ( ! dige/ive disord]s & colics4 ,!y are uni=mly pres5t 9 ! /oma* ( all horses t are kept 9 ! op5 :]e flies c get at !m4 ,a c>efully groom$ animal may be free f !m4 ,! eggs may be de/roy$ by rubb+ ! body ) a rag wet ) k]os5e4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common rem$ies = bots1 & at ! same "t ! mo/ useless1 is a mixture ( molasses & milk4 ,bots are h>d to dislodge f ! /oma* until !y h complet$ _! developm5t !re & pass out ( _! own accord4 ,half-ounce doses ( turp5t9e ?ree h\rs ap>t until ?ree doses are giv51 foll[$ by an ounce ( p[d]$ aloes z a physic1 is a good rem$y & easily adm9i/]$4 ,mix ! turp5t9e ) half a p9t ( milk or gruel & give on an empty /oma*4 ,c>bon bisulphide is a good rem$y4 ,take two dra*ms or "o-f\r? ( an ounce ( ?is & %ake ) a p9t ( cold wat] & dr5*4 ,repeat ?is e two h\rs until an ounce ( bisulphide is giv51 !n give a physic ( aloes4 ,^! rem$ies %\ld be giv5 on an empty /oma*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horse ,,bots ,,9 ,,/oma* ,! bot fly lays its eggs on ! hair ( ! horse4 ,^!1 tak5 into ! /oma*1 hat* out & give rise to horse bots or "y maggots t atta* !mselves to ! walls ( ! /oma*4 ,aft] becom+ gr[n !y loos5 !mselves & pass out ) ! feces4 ,bot-,fly ( ,cattle or ,w>bles4--,x is n[ believ$ t eggs are deposit$ ne> ! feet & t ! grub is tak5 into ! m\? & becomes p>tially develop$ 9 ! dige/ive tract4 ,x !n burr[s ?r\gh ! tissue until x rea*es ! region ( ! back4 ,! only treatm5t t w am\nt to mu* is to de/roy ! grub z x is develop+ "u ! sk94 ,if f>m]s & /ockm5 w sy/ematically d ?is !y c soon less5 ! damage done4 ,! heel fly annoys cattle1 & ! grub1 :5 x escapes f ! back1 leaves a hole 9 ! be/ "p ( ! hide1 caus+ loss 9 ?is way4 ,aft] ! grubs are 9 ! back no treatm5t helps ! animal v mu*2 b ! grub c be kill$1 ?us prev5t+ _! develop+ into flies t w\ld annoy o!r cattle4 ,! grubs may be squeez$ out & de/roy$4 ,m]curial o9tm5t may be rubb$ ?r\gh ! hole & kill ! grub1 or *lor(orm1 or creol9e1 may be inject$ into ! grub ) a hypod]mic syr+e4 ,x does n require v mu* "t to look aft] ! numb] ( cattle usually f\nd on a f>m4 ,! ,bot-,fly ( ,%eep is a v tr\blesome pe/ at times1 & always causes tr\ble & annoyance to ! flock :5 pres5t1 & occasionally causes consid]able f9ancial loss4 ,! fly attacks %eep dur+ ! w>m mon?s1 ,july & ,augu/ g5]ally be+ ! wor/4 ,! pres5ce ( fly 9 ! flock is easily told by ! behavior ( ! %eep4 ,! fly looks mu* l a h\se fly1 only x is long] & x always attempts to lay its eggs j inside ( ! op5+ ( ! nose4 ,z soon z ! fly beg9s to get ne> ! no/ril ! %eep w beg9 to run1 w hold _! noses close to ! gr\nd1 & frequ5tly huddle toge!r z closely z possible = protection4 ,:5 ! fly does succe$ 9 deposit+ ! l>v x beg9s imm$iately to "w its way up ! cavity ( ! nose & f9ally gets into ! small cavities 9 ! head1 :]e developm5t goes on4 ,x is dur+ ?is p]iod ( developm5t 9 ! head t mo/ ( ! damage is done4 ,z ! grubs gr[ l>g] a dis*>ge f ! no/ril is notic$1 :i* may soon become v ?ick & /icky1 gumm+ up ! no/rils & mak+ brea?+ difficult4 ,! %eep w (t5 c>ry _! heads l[1 b w frequ5tly raise _! heads & po9t _! noses /raight up4 ,! treatm5t may be ei!r prev5tive or surgical4 ,! fir/ is )9 ! rea* ( ev]yone own+ %eep4 ,:]e only a few %eep are own$ ea* individual %\ld be caught & a mixture ( t> & l>d1 or oil ( t> & l>d1 appli$ to ! no/ril ) a bru%4 ,?is c be done 9 a %ort "t & %\ld be repeat$ e t5 days or two weeks dur+ ! w>m mon?s4 ,n>r[ salt tr\ghs may be made & ! edges sme>$ ) t> s t ! %eep w get t> on _! noses :5 !y take salt4 ,turp5t9e may be appli$ high up 9 ! no/ril by means ( a fea!r4 ,beg9 ! prev5tive treatm5t e>ly 9 ! spr+ or :5ev] y "k by ! action ( ! %eep t ! fly is bo!r+ !m1 & y w h bett] success ?an to wait until ! %eep are affect$ & und]take to cure !m4 ,,bots4--,see ,bot ,flies4 ,,brok5 ,,w9d4--,see ,heaves4 ,,bron*itis4--,a common disease ( dome/ic animals attack+ ! bron*ial tubes4 ,x may be *ronic1 b is usually acute1 & may affect "o side or bo?4 ,! mo/ frequ5t causes ( bron*ial cat>rh are colds4 ,a sudd5 cool+ ( a heat$ body by dr5*+1 by ! brea?+ ( cold damp air1 may all br+ on ! disord]4 ,du/1 smoke or gas1 :5 inhal$1 (t5 produces ! same tr\ble4 ,acute bron*itis usually sets 9 ) a sudd5 rise ( ! temp]ature ( ! body1 & ! animal seems to h a *ill4 ,?is may be q viol5t at times4 ,! c\gh is notic$ v mu* z ) p1 be+ %ort1 dry1 & husky4 ,lat] on1 z ! disease progresses1 a fro?y mucus foll[s ! c\gh4 ,associat$ ) ! disease is a loss ( appetite1 con/ipation1 & pa9s 9 ! *e/ & rattl+ 9 ! *e/ & ?roat4 ,a favorite position ( ! horse is /&+ & ( o!r /ock t ( ly+ d[n4 ,good c>e is ess5tial 9 ! treatm5t4 ,t means1 ) good treatm5t1 du/1 smoke1 & bad air are to be sev]ely avoid$4 ,pl5ty ( good v5tilation1 b no draft2 & w>m1 well-light$ qu>t]s are v desirable4 ,! animal %\ld be blanket$ to be kept w>m 9 ! e>ly /ages & a compress plac$ ov] ! *e/1 ) blankets ov] ! compress4 ,frequ5t *ang+ ( ?is compress is desirable1 say a *ange e h\r or two4 ,:5 ! animal is suff]+ f a *ill1 /imulants are excell5t4 ,a tablespoonful ( :iskey 9 a p9t ( wat] & giv5 z a dr5* e half h\r or h\r w be helpful4 ,aft] ! *ill p]iod is pass$1 small doses ( t9cture ( aconite1 say #aj to #ae drops1 9 a little wat] z a dr5* w assi/ 9 dis*>g+ ! mucus4 ,:5 ! animal has become at ease1 a mu/>d pla/] appli$ to ! lungs w help y some:at4 ,f n[ on ! treatm5t %\ld be good nurs+ & good food4 ,boil$ flaxse$ & gruel w be v helpful4 ,a v helpful prep>ation may be made ( ! foll[+3 ,nitrate ( pota% or saltpet]1 t>t> emetic1 gr\nd g5tian root1 equal p>ts4 ,a half p\nd or p\nd 9 all %\ld be mix$ ?or\ghly1 & !n a teaspoonful giv5 ?ree times ea* day4 ,:5 all dang] is pass$1 cont9ue ! c>eful h&l+ & all[ two or ?ree weeks' complete re/4 ,,bun*es4--,bun*es are mo/ g5]ally enl>gem5ts ( ! bone4 ,!y are mo/ s]i\s 9 ! region ( a jo9t4 ,!y are caus$1 z a rule1 by "s injury1 bruise1 or w\nd4 ,:5 fir/ notic$ !y %\ld be treat$ ) a bli/] to insure a ha/y absorption ( ! enl>g$ p>ts4 ,,burns4--,occasionally animals are burn$ or scald$ s badly z to subject !m to consid]able pa94 ,?is may be reliev$ by ! use ( a /rong solution ( common bak+ soda4 ,foll[+ ! use ( ?is1 apply an o9tm5t made ( "o "p ( c>bolic acid to #ej p>ts ( vasel9e4 ,if vasel9e is n available1 !n use 9 its place l9se$ oil4 ,,cak$ ,,bag4--,see ,mammitis4 ,,cak$ ,,udd]4--,a diseas$ condition ( ! udd]1 ) ! secretion ( milk alt]$1 ! udd] hot1 dry1 & cak$1 & ! gl&s inflam$4 ,! tr\ble may be due to ext]nal injury1 to g]ms ent]+ ! teats or to ! milk be+ kept = too long a "t 9 ! udd]4 ,z soon z notic$ ! udd] %\ld be ba!d 9 hot wat] & massag$ = sev]al m9utes4 ,aft] be+ dri$ ) a clo? rub on a salve made ( #b tablespoonfuls ( gum camphor dissolv$ 9 #ab tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,at ! same "t give #d tablespoonfuls ( saltpet] morn+ & night = two or ?ree days4 ,see also ,mammitis4 ,,calf ,,*ol]a4--,:5 a new-born calf comes into ! _w weak1 puny1 & li/less1 & dies 9 a few h\rs aft] sc\r+1 bawl+1 & blatt+ & has sunk5 eyes & bloat$ belly soon aft] dea?1 ! disease by /ockm5 is call$ 8calf *ol]a40 ,_m calves s affect$ are really 8liv+ abortions40 ,!y h j en\gh life at bir? to exi/ a few h\rs & %[ ! symptoms describ$1 & su* calves are usually ! (fspr+ ( c[s t1 dur+ pregnancy1 h be5 incompletely n\ri%$ ^u timo?y or swale hay1 or co>se fodd]1 )\t an adequate supply ( o!r foods to balance ! ration2 or simil> calves may come f fat1 flabby1 corn-/uff$1 beef-br$ c[s4 ,! tr\ble may be prev5t$ by prop] fe$+ ( ! pregnant c[1 b !re is no cure4 ,a majority ( su* cases1 h[ev]1 are due to g]m infection4 ,c[s affect$ ) contagi\s abortion may produce affect$ calves2 ! aft]bir? & navel cord are invad$ by ! g]ms 9 su* cases & ! calf is improp]ly n\ri%$ 9 ! womb4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 calf *ol]a is due to fil? g]ms ent]+ ! calf's sy/em by way ( ! raw navel cord /ump at bir?1 or ! m\? :5 ! calf nurses f a manure-contam9at$ udd]4 ,prev5t infective cases by provid+ a clean1 fre%-b$d$1 dis9fect$1 :itewa%$1 sunlight$1 v5tilat$ p5 = ! new-born calf1 & imm$iately wet its navel ) a #a_/ejj solution ( corrosive sublimate & repeat ! application twice daily until ! cord dries up1 drops (f & no raw spot rema9s4 ,also wa% ! h9d p>ts ( ! c[ & h] udd] ) a two p] c5t solution ( coal t> dis9fectant be=e ! calf is all[$ to suck = ! fir/ "t & repeat ! wa%+ twice daily = at lea/ a week4 ,isolate affect$ calves4 ,bury or burn ! dead4 ,,calf ,,sc\rs4--,see ,:ite ,sc\rs4 ,,canc]4--,malignant gr[?s1 ! cause or causes ( :i* are n kn[n2 nor c x be said ! disease is infecti\s4 ,:ile a v s]i\s disease among human be+s1 x is1 =tunately1 h[ev]1 m r>e among f>m animals4 ,! only treatm5t wor? :ile is 9 surgical removal ( ! gr[?s4 ,if ?is be done :5 ! tumors are fir/ notic$ & :5 !y are small1 _! fur!r appe>ance may n result4 ,x is a good plan1 if ! gr[?s p]si/ 9 pres5t+ !mselves1 to elim9ate ! affect$ animal f ! h]d4 ,) cattle1 x is possible to prep>e !m = m>ket long be=e any canc] gr[?s may reappe>1 & 9 ?is way ! full m>ket value may be secur$ ) no dang] :5 consum$4 ,,capp$ ,,elb[4--,frequ5tly horses1 9 ly+ d[n1 press ! foot or ! %oe aga9/ ! elb[4 ,?is1 9 "t1 causes inflammation & ends 9 a tumor or %oe boil4 ,! diseas$ condition is difficult to repair1 z !re is little fle% or muscle at ! jo9t ( ! elb[ :]e ! tr\ble />ts4 ,treatm5t consi/s ( op5+ ! boil & all[+ ! fluid to escape4 ,9 case ! swell+ is hot & pa9ful1 an application ( lead acetate w prove com=t+ & helpful4 ,9 prep>+ ! lotion1 use #b tablespoonfuls ( acetate ( lead to a qu>t ( wat]4 ,!re is no objection to inject+ a little ( ?is into ! op5+4 ,an injection ( a little t9cture ( iod9e once a day into ! op5+ is desirable also4 ,9 treat+ cases ( ?is k9d1 x is a good practice to wrap ab\t ! horse's foot a pad ( /raw or hay = cu%ion+ ! foot4 ,?is prev5ts ! w\nd f be+ fur!r bruis$1 o!rwise ! cure may be greatly delay$1 if n indef9itely po/pon$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,victim ,,( ,,tub]culosis ,?is c[1 react+ to ! tub]cul> te/1 0 kill$4 ,! bottom picture %[s ! ext5t to :i* tub]culosis _h affect$ h] lungs4 ,at lea/ t5 p] c5t ( ! cattle 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h ?is dread$ & de/ructive disease4 ,,capp$ ,,hock4--,an inflammation result+ 9 a sep>ation ( ! cap f ! po9t ( ! bone ( ! hock4 ,cases ( ?is k9d are ! results ( kicks or bruises4 ,9 ! e>ly /age1 use #b tablespoonfuls ( lead acetate 9 a qu>t ( wat] & ba! ! injur$ "p4 ,:5 !re is no long] any temp]ature1 apply a bli/] compos$ ( #a teaspoonful ( b9iodide ( m]cury & #f tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,apply ?is e week or t5 days = sev]al mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ext]ior ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,horse #a ,lip1 #b ,no/ril1 #c ,=ehead1 #d ,poll1 #e ,*eek1 #f ,e>1 #g ,mane1 #h ,neck1 #i ,%\ld]1 #aj ,po9t or ,%\ld]1 #aa ,brea/1 #ab ,=e>m1 #ac ,arm1 #ad ,knee1 #ae ,cannon1 #af ,fetlock1 #ag ,pa/]n1 #ah ,foot1 #ai ,)]s1 #bj ,back1 #ba ,side1 #bb ,und]l9e1 #bc ,flank1 #bd ,cr\p1 #be ,tail1 #bf ,haun*1 #bg ,?igh1 #bh ,/ifle1 #bi ,hock1 #cj ,po9t ( ,hock1 #ca ,cannon1 #cb ,foot1 #cc ,coronet1 #cd ,fetlock1 #ce ,pa/]n ,illu/ration3 ,,ca/ration ,,capp$ ,,knee4--,an enl>g$ condition ( ! knee mo/ commonly f\nd 9 cattle4 ,x is caus$ by cattle gett+ up & d[n on h>d floors4 ,x is usually se5 9 /ables :]e /an*ions are us$4 ,a baggy tumor =ms at ! front & j bel[ ! knee4 ,9 "s in/ances ?is tumor becomes v l>ge & ! c[ walks ab\t or moves ) great difficulty4 ,:]e h>d floors are cov]$ ) b$d+1 no tr\ble ( ?is k9d results4 ,applications ( hot wat] are excell5t4 ,l9im5t is also v good4 ,:]e ! tumor has long exi/$ & is /ubborn an op5+ %\ld be made at ! bottom s t ! fluid may be dis*>g$4 ,a little t9cture ( iod9e inject$ into ! op5+ once a day is good & at ! same "t an application ( iod9e rubb$ ov] ! outside w assi/ 9 r$uc+ ! tr\ble4 ,use "o "p ( iod9e to eight p>ts ( l>d & cont9ue ?is treatm5t = a mon? or two4 ,,ca/ration4--,! removal ( ! te/icles f male animals4 ,ca/ration is practic$ ^u all ! dome/ic animals4 ,only ^? male animals possess+ desirable *>act]i/ics are reta9$ entire4 ,! op]ations are g5]ally p]=m$ :5 ! male animals become tr\blesome4 ,9 horses ! "t is usually at "o to ?ree ye>s old2 9 cattle "o to ?ree mon?s old2 %eep at "o to f\r mon?s & pigs two to f\r mon?s old4 ,dogs1 z a rule1 become wor?less if ca/rat$4 ,cats gr[ to an enorm\s size :5 ca/rat$4 ,sugge/ions ,ab\t ! ,op]ation4--,9 ! ca/ration ( all ! dome/ic animals "s g5]al sugge/ions w be b5eficial4 7#a7 ,secure ! animal s he _c injure himself or ! att5dants4 7#b7 ,d ! ca/ration dur+ ! e>ly spr+4 7#c7 ,give ! animal ex]cise aft] ca/ration4 7#d7 ,boil ! in/rum5ts be=e op]at+1 us+ w>m wat] & any good h& soap4 7#e7 ,dis9fect ! sk9 ov] ! scrotum be=e op]at+ ) corrosive sublimate #a_/ajjj4 7#f7 ,wa% ! h&s ( ! op]ator ) soap & wat]1 !n dis9fect ) corrosive sublimate4 7#g7 ,great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ t no corrosive sublimate be left t /ock may dr9k1 z x is a deadly poison4 ,:5 ! in/rum5ts h be5 boil$ 7%>p ca/rat+ knife & emasculator71 ca/ 7?r[7 ! animal z c>efully z possible4 ,secure ! h9d legs s !y w n h9d] ! op]ator4 ,! op]ator hav+ 8 h&s clean & ! scrotum wa%$ & bo? 8 h&s dis9fect$1 & also ! region to be op]at$ ^u1 ! animal is ready = ! op]ation4 ,! l[] te/icle is grasp$ ) ! left h& & ) ! "r h& an incision is made ov] ! te/icle1 d[n to ! te/icle4 ,! te/icle is pull$ ^u until ! cord is se54 ,!n ! emasculator is us$ to cru% ! cord4 ,?is emasculator %\ld be plac$ on ! cord z high up z possible4 ,"s l _! horses ca/rat$ pr\d4 ,?is consi/s 9 leav+ "p ( ! te/icle4 ,?is la/ me?od is n safe1 z x all[s ! te/icle to become infect$ & =m :at is commonly kn[n z wat] se$s4 ,a tumor gr[s on ! cord & may become ! size ( a man's head4 ,aft] ! te/icle is remov$1 !n enl>ge ! fir/ incision 7cut7 t 0 made ?r\gh ! sk9 s z to give pl5ty dra9age4 ,?is incision %\ld be ab\t eight in*es long = horses4 ,by hav+ a l>ge incision ! upp] "p c heal fir/1 & !re w be good dra9age until ! scrotum entirely heals4 ,if possible turn ! ca/rat$ horse out to pa/ure aft] ! op]ation1 & x w ex]cise suffici5tly to keep ! p>ts f swell+4 ,d n keep ! animal 9 a dirty /able aft] x is ca/rat$1 z !re is s mu* dang] f infection 9 ! dirty horse /able4 ,if ! horse is brok5 x c be put to light "w a week aft] ! ca/ration4 ,bulls d n ne$ to be ?r[n to be ca/rat$4 ,! incision is made ov] ea* te/icle1 & ! op]ation c>ri$ out 9 ! same way z ) ! horse4 ,bulls are n s susceptible to infection z ! horse4 ,,cat>rh4--,commonly kn[n z a cold1 cat>rh is recogniz$ z an inflam$ /ate ( ! upp] portions ( ! air passages1 ) m or less dis*>ge f ! muc\s membranes4 ,! eyes (t5 sympa?ize ) ?is d]ang$ condition1 ) a wat]y /ate z ! result4 ,! causes ( cat>rh or colds 9 animals are v mu* ! same z ^? caus+ ! same di/urbance 9 human be+s2 z ) p1 s ) animals1 ! malady %\ld be rem$i$ z quickly z possible4 ,bad air is "o ( ! mo/ frequ5tly obs]v$ causes2 consequ5tly pure cold air ) prop] blankets to keep ! body w>m is consid]$ ! be/ treatm5t = simple cat>rh :5 unaccompani$ ) o!r tr\bles4 ,"o ( ! common symptoms is dullness & loss ( appetite4 ,! hair /&s out & looks r\gh1 a slight c\gh may be notic$ & sometimes a rattl+ is he>d 9 ! head4 ,= cattle a mild dose ( physic1 consi/+ ( "o-half p\nd ,epsom salts & #d tablespoonfuls ( sweet spirits ( nit] mix$ 9 a p9t ( lukew>m wat] & giv5 z a dr5*1 is ab\t all t is necess>y4 ,if ! cold hangs on1 mix toge!r "o-half p\nd ( nitrate ( pota% or saltpet] & "o-half p\nd ( g5tian root & give a teaspoonful ( ?is ?ree times a day until ! animal is bett]4 ,( c\rse good food %\ld g along ) ?is treatm5t4 ,! horse %\ld be f$ s(t food l bran ma%es & be kept quiet 9 a well-v5tilat$ /able4 ,if ! cold hangs on ) him1 mix "o-half p\nd ( saltpet] or nitrate ( pota%1 "o-half p\nd ( sulphur1 & "o-half p\nd ( gr\nd g5tian root & give a teaspoonful morn+1 noon & night4 ,,cattle ,,scab4--,see ,scab 9 ,cattle4 ,,c]ebro-,,sp9al ,,m5+itis4--,a disease fatal 9 viol5t attacks & n well und]/ood z to cause4 ,x is believ$ to be non-contagi\s1 al?\gh frequ5tly ext5sive outbreaks occur1 sugge/+ t x may be contagi\s4 ,! symptoms are n well def9$1 due1 p]haps1 to ! fact t o!r diseases are includ$ "u ! g5]al "n4 ,horses ( all ages ( bo? sexes are affect$1 & temp]am5t & physical condition h no?+ to d ) susceptibility to ! disease4 ,likewise mules are affect$ & ! mortality among !m is equally z great z among horses4 ,! mo/ acceptable belief z to cause c5t]s ar\nd a bact]ial organism t works 9 ! membranes ( ! bra94 ,h[ev]1 "s writ]s attribute ! disease to ergot1 smuts & molds suppos$ to be tak5 ) ! food4 ,moldy corn & moldy hay are believ$ to be associat$ ) ! disease4 ,! symptoms are /agg]+ gait1 p>tial or total inability to swall[1 v>i\s muscul> contractions & delirium4 ,treatm5t is seldom effect$1 especially 9 viol5t cases4 ,mild =ms frequ5tly respond to ca?>tics1 bli/]s on ! neck1 sp9e & ?roat4 ,^! give "s relief4 ,small doses ( aconite are also believ$ to be helpful4 ,"s writ]s place *ok+1 di/emp]1 grass /agg]s1 & bl9d /agg]s along ) ?is bra9 disord]4 ,,*>bon4--,see ,an?rax4 ,,*e/ ,,f\nd]4--,see ,navicul> ,disease4 ,,*ick5 ,,*ol]a4--,*ick5 or f[l *ol]a is a g]m disease1 & contagi\s4 ,x attacks p\ltry ( all k9ds4 ,di>rha is a prom95t symptom ( ! disease4 ,bad food or improp] food may aggravate ! tr\ble1 b ! g]m introduc$ into ! sy/em ei!r 9 food or dr9k1 is at ! bottom ( x4 ,at fir/ ! dropp+s w take on a :iti% color4 ,di>rha w !n result4 ,! dis*>ges w !n become ?9 & wat]y1 to be at times fro?y & gre5i% 9 appe>ance4 ,f[ls ?us attack$ soon lose _! appetites & become /upid & take on a sickly appe>ance4 ,! head drops t[>d ! body1 ! eyelids fall1 & ! f[ls /& ar\nd z if dop$4 ,"s recov]1 b1 unless *eck$1 ! flock w be mat]ially injur$4 ,( c\rse dead f[ls mu/ be burn$ at once & lime & o!r dis9fectants us$ to keep ! disease f spread+4 ,! well birds mu/ be kept ap>t f ! infect$ qu>t]s4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ t infection be n c>ri$ ei!r by visitors or att5dants f ! sick to ! heal?y qu>t]s4 ,a common rem$y consi/s ( #a "p ( sulphate ( iron to #ej p>ts ( wat] = dr9k+ purposes4 ,ano!r common rem$y is to mix a tablespoonful ( sulphate ( iron1 #b tablespoonfuls ( dri$ blood1 & #b tablespoonfuls ( t9cture ( opium ) a p9t ( wat]4 ,?is is giv5 9 ! food 9 doses ( #a or #b tablespoonfuls ( ?is mixture ?ree or f\r times a day to ea* sick bird4 ,,*ok+4--,horses frequ5tly *oke f too rapid eat+ ( oats1 & cattle are v commonly tr\bl$ on attempt+ to swall[ apples1 turnips1 or small pieces ( e> corn4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! cases mu* di/ress is occasion$ & s]i\s dang]4 ,9 treat+ ! horse1 ! be/ treatm5t is to give x a little oil1 aft] :i* rub ! h& up & d[n ! gullet to scatt] ! accumulat$ oats4 ,sometimes x is necess>y to make an incision 9 ! gullet ?r\gh :i* ! mat]ial is remov$4 ,bett] h a vet]9>ian d ?is4 ,:5 food lodges 9 ! gullet ( cattle1 suffocation soon foll[s if x is s]i\s & 9 ! upp] "p ( ! gullet4 ,:5 su* objects h lodg$ ne> ! /oma* end !re is less imm$iate dang]4 ,( c\rse ! fir/ treatm5t is to try to =ce ! object d[n by us+ ! h&1 if at all possible4 ,if ?is _c be done a probang %\ld be us$4 ,! probang %\ld be v limb]1 s z to b5d easily1 & x %\ld be us$ ) great caution4 ,cattle (t5 are kill$ by ! accid5tal puncture ( ! gullet z ! probang is press$ d[n t[>d ! m\? ( ! /oma*4 ,consequ5tly no unyield+ article l a broom h&le or ev5 a buggy :ip %\ld be us$4 ,if a regul> probang is n available1 a rope a little less ?an "o in* 9 diamet] c be ins]t$ & g5tly work$ d[n ! gullet4 ,be=e us+ ! rope1 grease x well & make a knob at ! end to be ins]t$4 ,?is knob c be made ( cotton /r+s or musl9 clo?4 ,,c(f9 ,,jo9t ,,lam5ess4--,see ,navicul> ,disease4 ,,colds4--,see ,cat>rh4 ,,colic4--,colic is an inflammation ( ! b[els *>act]iz$ by a spasmodic contraction ( ! inte/9al walls4 ,x is a v common disease 9 horses1 & occasionally cattle & lambs are affect$ ) x4 ,bo? ! small & l>ge inte/9es may be afflict$ or only "o ( !m4 ,!re are _m causes1 b fe$ & wat] are ! controll+ factors4 ,an animal j /opp$ f h>d "w & giv5 a l>ge quantity ( cold wat]1 especially aft] eat+1 may be quickly tr\bl$4 ,& ! animal hot f "w1 on dr9k+ v cold wat]1 (t5 gets colic4 ,!n1 too1 a *ange ( food1 or a *ange f dry fe$ to gre5 food or eat+ "s root crop :5 ! animal is n us$ to x1 may br+ on ! disease4 ,!n1 aga91 "s horses & cattle are m giv5 to colic ?an o!rs4 ,"s individuals are nev] tr\bl$1 & o!rs are almo/ con/antly "u its influ5ce4 ,if mu* inflammation sets 91 a v s]i\s case is on y\r h&s4 ,two k9ds ( colic are kn[n--! spasmodic1 a contraction1 commonly kn[n z cramps ( ! b[els2 & w9d or flatul5t colic or bloat+4 ,"s au?orities add a ?ird1 & call x worm colic4 ,spasmodic ,colic4--,?is k9d ( colic is fir/ notic$ :5 ! horse beg9s to paw ) 8 =efeet1 cr+es1 b5ds 8 head ar\nd z if look+ at 8 side1 lays on ! gr\nd & rolls z if 9 pa92 !n he /&s quietly = a :ile & repeats ^! p]=mances aga94 ,dur+ ! "t betwe5 ! spasms ! animal is m at ease & frequ5tly eats a little4 ,:5 ! spasms come on aga9 ! %ift+ ab\t & ! roll+ are repeat$4 ,if ! cramps are sev]e ! animal breaks out ) sweat4 ,! pulse is accel]at$ :5 ! spasms are on1 rang+ f #fj to #fe beats a m9ute4 ,if inflammation has set 91 ! pulse in/ead ( ris+ & fall+ rema9s m con/ant & is high all ! "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,colic ,,pa9s ,a common attitude ) colic4 ,:5 seiz$ ) pa9s ! horse paws1 scrapes ! gr\nd ) 8 front feet1 /amps & /rikes ! belly ) ! h9d ones1 lays back 8 e>s & looks ar\nd to 8 flank4 ,:5 ! spasms are on1 press+ ! b[els seems to relieve ! pa9 & please ! animal1 b if inflammation is pres5t ! pressure seems to increase ! pa94 ,! be/ treatm5t is to relieve ! pa9 ) an opiate1 & next to obta9 a free action ( ! b[els by a purge4 ,_m prescriptions h be5 sugge/$1 among :i* is ! foll[+3 #d tablespoonfuls ( sweet spirits ( nit]1 #d tablespoonfuls ( laudanum1 #a tablespoonful ( g+] & #a tablespoonful ( common soda4 ,^! are add$ to a p9t ( w>m wat] & giv5 z a dr5*4 ,flatul5t ,colic4--,?is =m ( colic1 ?\gh n s acute1 is mu* m con/ant ?an ! prec$+ =m4 ,! body is swoll5 9 ! region ( ! b[els1 ! gas ext5d+ q g5]ally ?r\gh ! region4 ,!re is also a t5d5cy to inflammation4 ,! pulse w be notic$ z m rapid1 & at ! same "t m feeble1 ! brea?+ w be m pron\nc$1 & ! animal less /eady on its feet4 ,9 treat+ ! pati5t x is advisable to unload ! rectum ) greas$ h& & arm1 & ! admission ( w>m wat] ) soap 9 x1 is also likely to be b5eficial4 ,a little turp5t9e mix$ ) ! soap & wat] is good4 ,! inte/9e is to be clean$ out z f> z ! arm w rea*1 b a viol5t purge is unwise1 z t only int5sifies ! inflammation4 ,naturally ! fir/ ?+ is to mildly op5 ! b[els4 ,= ?is give #ae or #bj tablespoonfuls ( l9se$ oil & #e or #aj tablespoonfuls ( _s ( turp5t9e4 ,if ! case cont9ues1 x is advisable to call a vet]9>ian1 & x may be necess>y to use ! troc> & canula4 ,if ! in/rum5t is /]iliz$1 no great risk atta*es to ! op]ation1 :ile imm$iate relief is secur$ z ! gas passes out ?r\gh ! tube1 & ! di/5tion is visibly r$uc$4 ,an excell5t mixture = ?is k9d ( colic consi/s ( #f tablespoonfuls ( *loral hydrate1 #f tablespoonfuls ( laudanum1 #c tablespoonfuls ( sulphuric e!r1 #b tablespoonfuls ( turp5t9e1 & #aj tablespoonfuls ( g+]4 ,( ?is give #b or #c tablespoonfuls 9 a half p9t ( w>m wat] & repeat e half h\r = #c or #d doses & !n place ! doses an h\r ap>t until all dang] has pass$4 ,:5 !re is a good deal ( gas ) consid]able swell+ an excell5t dr5* is made ( #b tablespoonfuls ( p[d]$ aloes1 #d tablespoonfuls ( spirits ( ammonia & #d tablespoonfuls ( sulphuric e!r4 ,?is %\ld be mix$ ) a p9t ( wat] & giv5 promptly4 ,9 case ( consid]able pa9 use ?is3 #d to #f tablespoonfuls ( hydrate ( *loral & eight tablespoonfuls ( sug> mix$ 9 a p9t ( wat] & give z a dr5*4 ,,concretions ,,or ,,calculi ,,( ,,ur9>y ,,organs4--,! collection ( solid m9]al matt] 9 ! ur9e may become lodg$ 9 ! kidney1 ! uret] 7duct lead+ f ! kidney71 ! bladd] or ure?ra 7! duct lead+ f ! bladd]74 ,all animals are m or less subject to ^! conditions1 & yet are n s affect$ z !y are sometimes ?\ght to be4 ,_m a case ( s-call$ kidney colic is 9 reality an affection ( ! dige/ive sy/em4 ,! cause = ^! m9]al accumulations p]haps v>ies "u diff]5t conditions1 yet ! mo/ common circum/ance "u :i* !y occur is dur+ ! "t :5 animals are f$ exclusively or l>gely ^u dry fe$ su* z exi/s 9 ! w9t] "t :]e silage is n f$4 ,:eat bran has be5 attribut$ z "o ( ! mo/ s\rceful means ( br++ on ?is tr\ble4 ,:5 x is f$ ) succul5t fe$s & an abundance ( wat] all[$ ^! disord]s d n occur4 ,! symptoms d n diff] a great deal f "s =ms ( colic1 due to /oma* or inte/9al di/urbances1 especially 9 ! frequ5t attempts to empty ! bladd]4 ,! animal usually %[s m or less pa9 f ! re/less condition1 looks ar\nd at ! flank1 dribbles 8 ur9e frequ5tly1 :i* is occasionally blood /a9$4 ,!re may be a complete ob/ruction ( ! passages1 9 :i* case no ur9e is void$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ret5tion ,,( ,,! ,,ur9e ,by means ( a ca!t] ! great] portion ( ! ur9e c be drawn (f4 ,! op]ation is %[n 9 ! picture4 ,treatm5t v>ies ) ! location ( ! tr\ble1 9 :i* little c be accompli%$ :5 ! gravel or /one is locat$ 9 front ( ! bladd]4 ,if )9 ! bladd]1 n ob/ruct+ its outlet1 x is n likely to make its pres5ce kn[n4 ,ag5ts %\ld be giv51 h[ev]1 to ov]come ! pa9 & to relieve ! frequ5tly exi/+ spasm at po9t ( ob/ruction1 z f> z possible1 :i* may all[ passage ( /one4 ,give #d tablespoonfuls ( laudanum or *loral to a dose & repeat 9 two or ?ree h\rs if any pa9 or tr\ble is /ill indicat$4 ,9 induc+ ! animal to dr9k lib]al quantities ( wat] ! condition may be some:at reliev$ by mak+ ! ur9e m wat]y 9 "* & possibly dissolv+ a portion1 all[+ ! rema9d] to pass along its c\rse4 ,:5 ! ob/ruction occurs )9 ! ure?ra ! removal %\ld be made by incis+ ?r\gh ! tissues on to or ne> ! ob/ruction1 remov+ by =ceps & sutur+ up ! w\nd4 ,a skill$ op]ator is requir$ = ?is1 h5ce ! vet]9>ian %\ld be call$4 ,,con/ipation4--,an infrequ5t movem5t ( ! b[els ) ! dung h>d & dry4 ,! animal is said to be b\nd up or co/ive4 ,bad food1 improp] fe$+1 lack ( ex]cise1 all contribute to ! tr\ble4 ,treatm5t is 9 ! l9e ( laxative & succul5t food1 su* z :eat bran1 gre5 grass1 silage & l9se$ oil meal4 ,if ! case is "o requir+ imm$iate action give any ( ! usual purgatives1 b d n cont9ue _! use z a regul> ?+4 ,if gre5 grass is n possible1 nor silage available1 give "o or two teaspoonfuls ( ! foll[+ mixture 9 ! food ?ree times a day3 ,equal p>ts ( gr\nd g5tian root1 p[d]$ nux vomica1 p[d]$ g+] & sulphur4 ,,corns4--,small swell+s or tumors on ! s5sitive heel 9 ! triangul> space betwe5 ! b>s & ! wall ( ! heel4 ,^! are f\nd 9 ! =e feet only1 & almo/ always on ! inside heel4 ,!y are caus$ mo/ frequ5tly by bad %oe+ or f we>+ ! %oe = too long a "t4 ,^! gr[?s d n always cause lam5ess1 al?\gh1 z a rule1 !y d4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 always s5sitive to pressure & usually appe> z tumors ( a h>d1 corny "*4 ,neglect$ corns are liable to fe/] & mu/ !n be laid b>e by ! knife & be p\ltic$4 ,neglect ( ?is treatm5t results 9 ! matt] or pus f9d+ its way up ?r\gh ! coronet4 ,?us quittor may result4 ,give ! foot a c>eful dress+ by p>+ ! heel1 & ba! ! corn ) a weak c>bolic acid solution4 ,aft] do+ ?is1 place a fold ( musl9 ov] ! corn & !n ov] all a bran & l9se$ p\ltice4 ,a complete re/ f "w1 h>d roads & %oes %\ld n[ be giv5 ! animal until ! corn has entirely disappe>$4 ,:5 ! feet are aga9 %od1 lea!r %\ld be us$ z a protection4 ,_m corn salves are recomm5d$1 b unless ! corn be remov$ & ! pressure tak5 f ! w\nd1 !re c be no cure1 ev5 ?\gh ! tumor is p>$ away4 ,,corn/alk ,,disease4--,:5 cattle are all[$ to run 9 /alk fields x frequ5tly happ5s t a l>ge p] c5t die f v>i\s causes4 ,all ^! tr\bles are class$ "u ! "o t]m--corn/alk disease4 ,9 "s we/]n fields :]e !re is a second gr[? ( cane /alk late 9 ! fall an e>ly fro/ w at times develop 9 ! /alk a deadly poison 7hydrocyanic acid71 :i* kills ! animal 9 a v few m9utes aft] eat+ x4 ,?is poison has n be5 f\nd 9 ! corn/alk4 ,9 ! la/ ye> or two "s ( our /ate exp]im5t /ations h be5 inve/igat+ sev]al molds :i* seem to affect n only cattle b horses z well4 ,^! molds gr[ q abundantly ^u corn/alks1 alfalfa1 & o!r =age crops4 ,! dea? ( a great numb] ( animals has be5 trac$ directly to ! fe$+ ( su* affect$ fodd]1 hay1 or corn4 ,^! molds1 h[ev]1 mu/ h a c]ta9 am\nt ( moi/ure = _! gr[?1 & x has be5 %[n t :5 ! fe$s h be5 prop]ly h>ve/$ & %elt]$ no tr\ble has result$4 ,only 9 mat]ials expos$ to ! wea!r1 all[+ ! developm5t ( ^! l[] =ms ( plant life1 has s]i\s tr\ble be5 f\nd4 ,9 ! treatm5t ( ^! tr\bles no?+ reliable c be giv51 z ! disease usually comes on )\t any w>n+ & ! animal dies sudd5ly4 ,mu* ( ! tr\ble c be avoid$ by all[+ ! animals only a limit$ am\nt ( ! fe$ or 9 ! /alk field a few h\rs only ea* day4 ,x is necess>y t pl5ty ( pure wat] %\ld be giv5 frequ5tly & en\gh ( o!r r\ghage to keep ! animals f gorg+ !mselves on ! fodd]4 ,,c[ ,,pox4--,an infecti\s disease pass$ f "o c[ to ano!r4 ,x affects h]ds 9 all p>ts ( ! _w & is simil> to smallpox 9 ! human be+1 only x is n s fatal4 ,:5 fir/ affect$ ! c[ is fev]i%1 slacks some:at 9 ! milk fl[1 & pres5ts little r$ pimple-l spots ar\nd ! teats4 ,9 a day or two ^! become enl>g$ & become bli/]s1 conta9+ )9 a wat]y fluid1 :i*1 if n brok51 dry up !mselves & =m scabs1 leav+ ! teat 9 "t p]fectly natural4 ,ord9>ily1 special treatm5t is n giv54 ,!re is no objection1 h[ev]1 to provid+ a simple tonic compos$ ( "o-qu>t] p\nd saltpet]1 "o-qu>t] p\nd sulphur1 & "o-qu>t] p\nd gr\nd g5tian root4 ,give a teaspoonful ( ?is night & morn+ 9 a ma%4 ,! teats %\ld be ba!d1 j be=e milk+1 ) any common dis9fect+ solution4 ,if ! sores are sl[ 9 heal+1 sweet oil1 to :i* is add$ a little c>bolic acid1 w soon correct ! tr\ble4 ,,crack$ ,,ho(s4--,see ,s& ,cracks4 ,,cribb+4--,a habit ( bit+ ! mang] or o!r objects1 (t5 suck+ 9 ! air at ! same "t4 ,?is bad habit is frequ5tly call$ w9d suck+4 ,x is ! result ( a habit =m$ :5 "y4 ,!re is really no cure :5 ! habit is once =m$1 b diff]5t measures may be employ$ to less5 ! fault4 ,a broad /rap firmly plac$ ar\nd ! neck br+s ! desir$ effect ) "s individuals4 ,,crib ,,suck]s4--,?is bad habit usually beg9s 9 colt days4 ,x may arise f a sore too?4 ,! colt1 to relieve ! feel+1 bites ! mang]1 & 9 s do+ acquires ! habit4 ,:5 hang+ on to ! mang]1 air is suck$ 9 & ?is frequ5tly br+s on colic4 ,! be/ treatm5t is to break up ! habit4 ,exam9e ! m\? fir/ to see if any?+ is wrong ) ! tee?4 ,muzzle :ile /&+ 9 ! /able4 ,! old cribb]s nev] give up ! habit4 ,,cramp ,,colic4--,see ,colic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,curb ,:ile common to all v>ieties ( ! horse1 curbs are mo/ frequ5tly se5 9 ! light] bre$s & especially 9 road/]s & trott+ horses4 ,,curb4--,a spra9 or injury to ! ligam5t situat$ on ! back "p ( ! hock jo9t4 ,any?+ t puts too mu* /ress on ?is "p1 su* z hold+ back heavy loads go+ d[n hill1 or back+ up too heavy loads1 or ! h9d legs slipp+ too f> "u ! horse's body1 may cause curb disease4 ,x is also caus$ by kicks or by ! :iffletree /rik+ aga9/ ! back ( ! hock jo9t4 ,!re w be swell+ & heat 9 ! "p & lam5ess4 ,9 "s cases !re w be swell+1 b no lam5ess4 ,if ! swell+ is hot & t5d] to ! t\*1 mix half an ounce acetate ( lead & two ounces t9cture ( arnica ) "o qu>t ( wat]4 ,%ake up & apply a little to ! swoll5 "p ?ree times a day & cont9ue until ! heat & swell+ disappe>4 ,if !re %\ld be any swell+ aft] ! heat & lam5ess h disappe>$1 mix #a teaspoonful ( b9iodide ( m]cury ) #d tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,rub on a little ) ! f+]s1 let x rema9 on = #bd h\rs1 !n wa% (f ) w>m wat] & soap & repeat ! bli/] 9 ?ree weeks if ne$$4 ,9 cases :]e !re is swell+1 b no heat or lam5ess1 ! lotion w\ld be ( no use1 b ! above bli/] %\ld be us$ z direct$4 ,9 old or long /&+ cases ( curb1 if ! animal is n lame1 x is be/ to let x alone1 z m$ic9es w\ld be ( no s]vice4 ,,diabetes2 ,,pr(use ,,/al+4--,9 man !re are two =ms ( ?is tr\ble se5 r frequ5tly1 b among dome/ic animals only ! insipid =m is common4 ,x is (t5 simply a sign ( "s o!r disease1 b n infrequ5tly occurs "u simil> circum/ances2 su* z c]ta9 =ms ( indige/ion1 ! result ( eat+ mu/y or damag$ fe$4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic symptom1 ( c\rse1 is ! frequ5t ur9ation ( lib]al quantities ( ur9e4 ,associat$ ) ?is is usually an unabat+ ?ir/4 ,! animal loses fle% rapidly1 ! flanks are tuck$ up1 ! coat is dull1 languid & />+1 & great weakness is %[n4 ,if n reliev$1 ! animal may die f exhau/ion4 ,9 ! second =m ( diabetes1 ! di/+ui%+ feature is ! pres5ce ( sug> 9 ! ur9e4 ,if 9 a work+ animal x %\ld be laid (f f "w4 ,se>* %\ld be made = ! cause ( tr\ble4 ,if any ( ! food appe>s suspici\s x %\ld be sub/itut$ ) :olesome food4 ,to relieve ! ard5t ?ir/ & assi/ recov]y1 a teaspoonful ( ! cry/als ( iod9e %\ld be giv5 9 a ball ( l9se$ or o!r pa/y mat]ial4 ,x may be desirable to repeat ?is 9 ?ree or f\r days4 ,also give 9 ! dr9k+ wat] #d tablespoonfuls ( bic>bonate ( soda ?ree times daily4 ,,di>rhoea4--,see ,dys5t]y4 ,,difficult ,,p>turition4--,see ,ob/etrics4 ,,dipp+ ,,live ,,/ock4--,!re are only two satisfactory me?ods ( treat+ animals ) a dip4 ,! fir/ is h& treat+1 :]e ! numb] ( animals are few & easy to h&le4 ,9 h& treat+ ! animal ! dip is appli$ ) scrubb+ bru%es1 sponges1 etc41 & all p>ts ( ! body liable to infection %\ld !n be ?or\ghly & vigor\sly rubb$4 ,if h& treat+ is prop]ly p]=m$ x is an excell5t me?od4 ,! second me?od consi/s ( imm]s+ ! diseas$ animals 9 ! dipp+ solution4 ,!re are two =ms ( vats 9 use = ?is purpose4 ,! cage vat is design$ = comp>atively few cattle4 ,z its "n implies1 x consi/s ( a cage 9 :i* ! animal is plac$ & !n l[]$ into a vat conta9+ ! dip4 ,:]e a l>ge numb] ( animals are to be dipp$1 ! swimm+ vat is v popul>4 ,! animals are =c$ to pass ?r\gh ! vat1 :i* conta9s suffici5t dip to completely imm]se !m :5 !y plunge into ! solution4 ,! coal-t> dips are made f "s ( ! products ( ! di/illation ( coal t>4 ,:5 mix$ ) wat] !y =m a milky emulsion1 hav+ a /rong odor ( coal t>4 ,! coal-t> prep>ations1 9 addition to be+ us$ z p>asiticides1 h become v popul> dis9fectants 9 hospitals4 ,^! prep>ations are us$ ) good success on all op5 w\nds1 :]e a dis9fectant is requir$4 ,9 poll evil & fi/ul\s )]s !y are extremely valuable1 ow+ to ! fact t 9 addition to _! p[] z a g]micide !y h be5 p]fectly safe to place 9 ! h&s ( p]sons n accu/om$ to h&l+ drugs1 because ( _! non-poison\s nature4 ,!y h be5 f\nd q effici5t :5 us$ 9 ?ree p] c5t solution4 ,,di%orn+4--,"s cattle bre$s are hornless4 ,mo/1 h[ev]1 are n4 ,remov+ ! horns is done quickly & is m humane ?an to p]mit !m to rema91 by :i* dea? frequ5tly foll[s to /ock & ev5 to p4 ,! di%orn+ ma*9e is int5d$ = animals ^: horns are n remov$ :5 "y4 ,! simple/ me?od ( di%orn+ is to use a /ick ( cau/ic pota%4 ,apply x to ! small horn button :5 a calf is a few days old4 ,moi/5+ ?is & rubb+ ! pota% ov] ! sk9 w p]man5tly de/roy ! horn tissue & no horns w result4 ,,di/emp]4--,see ,/rangles4 ,,dropsy4--,a condition 9 :i* ! fluid portion ( ! blood escapes f ! blood vessels & collects 9 ! body cavities or "u ! sk94 ,any sluggi% condition ( ! blood occasion$ by disease or faulty nutrition may induce ?is collection 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! body4 ,dropsy is1 !re=e1 n a disease1 b a symptom ( "s o!r disease4 ,?is be+ ! case1 treatm5t dep5ds ^u ! orig9al disease1 ^u ! nature ( :i* dep5ds 9 turn ! possibility ( p]man5t or tempor>y cure4 ,a mild attack ( dropsy is indicat$ :5 ! legs ( a horse swell up1 due to lack ( ex]cise & poor circulation z occasion$ by /&+ 9 ! /able4 ,! fir/ ?+1 ( c\rse1 is to />t bett] blood circulation4 ,h& rubb+ is good2 ba?+ ) hot wat] acts simil>ly4 ,any m$ic9e t /imulates ! action ( ! kidneys w prove helpful4 ,saltpet] is excell5t = ?is4 ,use once a day = ?ree or f\r days 9 succession1 & give #d tablespoonfuls at a dose4 ,9 connection ) ?is treatm5t supply ! animal ) succul5t or laxative food1 t ! b[els may be kept free & op54 ,any ( ! tonic condition p[d]s w help4 ,,dy/okia4--,see ,ob/etrics4 ,,eczema4--,an inflammatory1 non-contagi\s disease ( ! sk9 9 :i* eruptions may occur 9 ! =m ( vesicles1 pu/ules1 cru/s1 scales1 or simple r$ness4 ,its pr9cipal victims are animals f$ ri* food1 ! p5alty be+ associat$ ) "s ga/ric or inte/9al di/urbance4 ,treatm5t is bo? ext]nal & int]nal4 ,! =m] %\ld be 9 ! nature ( wa%es = cleanl9ess & heal+4 ,t> soap is recomm5d$4 ,a wa% made ( #d tablespoonfuls ( c>bonate ( potassium dissolv$ 9 a qu>t ( wat] is also excell5t4 ,aft] a good rub ) ?is1 wa% (f ) w>m wat]4 ,if it*+ causes any di/ress1 prep>e a wa% consi/+ ( #b tablespoonfuls ( acetate ( lead1 #h tablespoonfuls ( t9cture ( opium & a qu>t ( wat]4 ,:]e scales h =m$ & ! sk9 is ?ick & scurvy1 rub 9 a little ) ! f+]s "s b9iodide ( m]cury & vasel9e4 ,use #b teaspoonfuls ( ! m]cury & #h tablespoonfuls ( ! vasel9e4 ,"o application w d ! "w4 ,if ! case is bad1 sev]al p>ts be+ affect$1 treat only "o "p at a "t ) ! m]cury salve4 ,be c]ta9 to h ! animal ti$ s t he _c get 8 m\? to ! treat$ region4 ,= int]nal treatm5t let ! physic come fir/4 ,= horses1 mix #d tablespoonfuls ( aloes1 #d tablespoonfuls ( g+] & #d tablespoonfuls ( soda c>bonate dissolv$ 9 a p9t ( boil+ wat]4 ,let cool to prop] temp]ature & give z a dr5*4 ,= cattle1 give a p\nd ( ,epsom salts & #d tablespoonfuls ( g+] 9 wat] z a dr5*4 ,foll[+ ! physic %\ld come a good blood tonic4 ,to prep>e ?is1 mix #af tablespoonfuls ea* ( nitrate ( potassium & sulphate ( iron4 ,give 9 doses ( #a tablespoonfuls daily 9 a bran ma% until all is us$4 ,,dys5t]y4--,an inflammation ( ! l9+ membrane ( ! l>ge inte/9e ne> ! rectum1 accompani$ ) /ra9+1 dis*>ge ( blood1 & fev]4 ,poison\s & irritat+ food causes x1 /agnant & f\l wat] favors its developm5t1 b any exposure to cold or excessive heat or ov]work may br+ x on4 ,9 cattle ! acute =m is att5d$ ) %iv]+1 ar*+ ( ! back & t5d]ness ab\t ! lo9s4 ,! animal grunts1 yawns1 gr9ds its tee?1 &1 at %ort int]vals1 dis*>ges f its b[els a ?91 ill-smell+ dung mix$ ) blood & pus4 ,! ?ir/ is excessive1 ! animal is dull & /upid1 & loses fle% rapidly4 ,aft] ! disease has gone on a few days1 ! hide becomes r\gh & unheal?y1 ! tee? loose1 ! dung bloody & fetid1 ! eyes s9k 9 ! head & dropsical swell+s appe> ab\t ! l[] jaws & legs1 & usually ! creature dies exhau/$4 ,= acute dys5t]y1 :5 se5 e>ly1 give horses a dr5* consi/+ ( #ae tablespoonfuls ( ca/or oil1 #h tablespoonfuls ( laudanum1 & #a p9t ( l9se$ oil4 ,! rectum & l[] b[el %\ld be wa%$ out ) l>ge injections ( simple w>m wat]4 ,= *ronic =ms #aj gra9s ( calomel1 a teaspoonful ( opium1 & #d tablespoons ea* ( g5tian & *alk are advis$4 ,^! are to be mix$ & giv5 ei!r z a ball or z a dr5* once a day4 ,six tablespoonfuls ( laudanum 9 a p9t ( boil$ />* e two h\rs until ! /ra9+ ceases1 is also v good4 ,:5 cattle are affect$1 remove f grass or o!r succul5t food1 put on a dry diet & give a p9t ( l9se$ oil e day until recov]y4 ,if ! action ( ! b[els does n cease promptly1 give #b tablespoonfuls ( p[d]$ alum & #b tablespoonfuls ( p[d]$ g+] 9 a qu>t ( milk once or twice a day until ! dis*>ge mod]ates4 ,an excell5t m$ic9e is #aj tablespoonfuls ( ca/or oil & #d tablespoonfuls ( laudanum mix$ ) l9se$ gruel & giv5 z a dr5*4 ,,ent]itis4--,see ,inflammation ( ! ,b[els4 ,,epilepsy4--,see ,fits4 ,,epizootic4--,see ,influ5za4 ,,ergotism4--,a p>asitic fungus t gr[s on diff]5t species ( grass & produces 9 "o /age ( its developm5t black or purple enl>g$ spurs causes ergotism4 ,! disa/r\s effect ( ergot seems to appe> 9 ! late fall & w9t]1 :5 hay or /raw infect$ ) ergot are cont9u\sly f$4 ,! animals w be tr\bl$ ) irritation ( ! b[els & a sl\gh+ (f ( ! extremities4 ,frequ5tly ! animals lose p>ts ( _! tails or e>s or ho(s4 ,9 o!rs1 gangr5\s sores appe>4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! poison+ ! symptoms are n cle>ly m>k$4 ,! be/ treatm5t is secur$ by an entire *ange ( food1 s z to remove ! cause1 & !n to foll[ ) good laxative food4 ,( c\rse1 m$ic9al treatm5t w n be satisfactory if an important "p ( ! animal l ! ho( 7 to be de/roy$4 ,s mu* exp5se w\ld be connect$ ) keep+ ! animal until a new ho( _h be5 =m$ t x is bett] at ! beg9n+ to de/roy ! animal unless v valuable4 ,:]e sores only manife/ !mselves su* treatm5t z giv5 an ord9>y w\nd w be efficaci\s1 provid$ food absolutely free ( ergot is suppli$4 ,,erysipelas4--,an inflammation ( ! sk9 & tissues b5ea?4 ,ow+ to a blood poison1 x is *>act]iz$ by a swell+ & h>dness ( ! affect$ p>ts :i* has a t5d5cy to spread & =m abscesses4 ,9 horses & cattle1 erysipelas is ne>ly always ! result ( w\nds & g5]ally ( ^? 9 ! legs ( animals weak5$ by h>d "w & poor food1 or else 9 "y animals ^: blood is vitiat$ by ! poison ( gl&]s or "s o!r animal contam9ation4 ,! di/urbance is notic$ on ! ?ird or f\r? day aft] ! injury 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ! w\nd4 ,! sk9 is swoll51 smoo?1 hot1 t5d]1 & pa9ful4 ,! swell+ gradually ext5ds ar\nd x1 sometimes deep into ! muscles4 ,! surface is h>d & t5se1 b (t5 :5 ! f+] is firmly press$ ^u x & )drawn a depression is left4 ,9 sev]e cases *ills occur1 ! pulse is weak & quick1 ! brea?+ hurri$1 ! b[els con/ipat$ & ! ur9e scanty & highly color$4 ,!re is consid]able ?ir/1 b no appetite4 ,a brisk purge is ! fir/ /ep 9 treat+4 ,foll[ ! purge ) t9cture ( *loride ( iron1 #d teaspoonfuls 9 a p9t ( wat]4 ,give ?is e ?ree or f\r h\rs4 ,at ! same "t give int]nally #d tablespoonfuls ( hyposulphite ( soda 9 a p9t ( wat] ?ree times a day4 ,ext]nally ba! ! w\nd ) ! foll[+ mixture3 ,t9cture ( *loride ( iron1 #d tablespoonfuls1 & alcohol "o p9t4 ,ano!r good o9tm5t is sug> ( lead #d tablespoonfuls 9 a p9t ( wat]4 ,?is %\ld be appli$ ) a wet clo? to ! diseas$ p>ts4 ,,f>cy4--,see ,gl&]s4 ,,fev]4--,any rise 9 temp]ature above ! normal4 ,x is1 z a rule1 a symptom ( ! body's reaction to "s =m ( infection4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n a disease 9 itself1 b an indication ( "s disord] occasion$ by infection or poison4 ,to treat fev] is n s necess>y z to remove ! cause t br\ght ab\t ! di/urbance 9 ! fir/ place4 ,x foll[s f ?is t fev] is n a cause1 b a result4 ,g]ms come fir/1 & fev] is only a sign t tells ( _! pres5ce4 ,ano!r ?+ br\ght to light 9 ref]5ce to fev] is ?is3 ,g]ms are less active1 _! vital en]gy is weak5$ & _! p[] less5$ :5 ! heat 9 ! body is increas$4 ,consequ5tly !y are less active 9 _! de/ructive t5d5cies z ! temp]ature rises4 ,fev] is1 !re=e1 a provision ( self-def5se1 & ! body's plan ( br++ its =ces toge!r to battle aga9/ ! g]m foes t h invad$ x4 ,j :at degree ( temp]ature is to be consid]$ is difficult to e/abli%4 ,_m ?+s ent] into ! problem1 l ex]cise1 age1 food1 & mode ( liv+4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 any special rise above ! normal1 :atev] t may be1 is ! signal ( dang] & infection4 ,a rise ( a degree or two indicates a mild di/urbance1 h5ce a mild fev]2 an elevation ( two or ?ree degrees indicates a slight fev]2 ( f\r or five1 ( consid]able fev]2 & if six or sev51 ( high fev]4 ,:5 ! elevation rea*es #ajh degrees1 ! limit ( life has j ab\t be5 rea*$4 ,9 "s diseases !re is a regul> alt]native betwe5 morn+ & ev5+ temp]atures4 ,9 o!rs1 ! c\rse is cont9u\s1 ) slight v>iations1 :ile 9 o!rs ! c\rse is int]mitt5t4 ,9 ?is la/ nam$ x v>ies at diff]5t portions ( ! day1 b rea*es a normal at a c]ta9 "t ea* day4 ,! pulse-rate usually be>s a c]ta9 relation to ! height ( ! disease4 ,consequ5tly ! pulse %\ld be tak5 9 connection ) ! fev] height indicat$ by ! !rmomet]4 ,a fa/ pulse & a high fev] 9 g5]al is m s]i\s ?an a high fev] ) a pulse only slightly above ! normal numb] ( beats4 ,!re are exceptions to ?is h[ev]1 z1 = in/ance1 9 c]ebro-sp9al m5+itis4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( fev]1 ! developm5t _c at ! mom5t always be decid$4 ,9 _m cases little treatm5t1 if any1 w be necess>y4 ,! caution %\ld be obs]v$1 nev]!less1 ( asc]ta9+ ! cause ( ! di/urbance1 if possible4 ,9 any case1 simple ca?>tics c be giv51 good air provid$1 n\ri%+ fe$ suppli$1 & "t all[$ = c>eful obs]vation ( ! sy/em & ( ! actions & movem5ts ( ! animal4 ,,fi/ulae4--,a *ronic dis*>ge f "s tubelike *annel1 ) no t5d5cy to heal4 ,fi/ul are mo/ common 9 horses4 ,!y may be locat$ on ! )]s 7fi/ul\s )]s71 on ! side ( ! face 7too? fi/ul71 on ! brea/ bone 7/]nal fi/ul71 or on ! l[] jaw 7saliv>y fi/ul74 ,fi/ul\s )]s are caus$ f "s ext]nal injury 7! animal roll+ on a rock1 ill-fitt+ coll>s1 ! saddle press+ on ! )]s1 or f be+ /ruck by a club74 ,too? fi/ul are caus$ by a decay$ too?4 ,! pus 9 try+ to get out ( ! body takes ! easie/ c\rse & eats ?r\gh ! bones ( ! face & escapes1 caus+ a *ronic dis*>ge4 ,a /]nal or brea/ fi/ula is caus$ by "s %>p object be+ run into ! brea/ & /rik+ ! brea/ bone1 injur+ x & caus+ decay & pus =mation4 ,a saliv>y fi/ula is caus$ by an injury to ! tube :i* c>ries ! saliva f ! gl& to ! m\?4 ,symptoms ( ,fi/ul\s ,)]s4--,at fir/ a l>ge swell+ appe>s on "o or bo? sides ( ! )]s4 ,9 ab\t a week ?is enl>gem5t becomes s(t1 & ! fluid conta9$ 9 x c be di/9ctly felt4 ,if left to itself ! swell+ gets l>g] & s(t]1 & 9 a mon? or s breaks & dis*>ges ! cont5ts4 ,! fluid t comes f ! swell+ is fir/ ?9 & /reak$ ) blood2 lat] x conta9s yell[-appe>+ masses4 ,! la/ mat]ial is ! pus4 ,! sack t =m$ at ! "t ! fi/ula 0 caus$ is a h>d1 firm membrane4 ,?is keeps ! w\nd f heal+4 ,= ?is reason ! dis*>ge becomes *ronic4 ,! w\nd may heal & !re w be no pus dis*>g$ = a mon?1 !n ! old op5+ w be brok5 & ! pus w fl[ out aga9 until ! sack is empti$4 ,?is heal+ ( ! w\nd & !n break+ aga9 may be kept up = ye>s1 unless ! disease is prop]ly treat$4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! affect$ animal runs d[n 9 fle%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fi/ul\s ,,)]s ,sometimes only ! sk9 & tissue imm$iately "u x become affect$4 ,9 su* cases little tr\ble ne$ be anticipat$2 b if ! cause is n remov$1 ! deep] /ructures1 muscles & bones1 may become diseas$4 ,treatm5t = fi/ul\s )]s consi/s ( op5+ ! swell+ & ins]t+ musl9 /rips t h be5 dipp$ into t]*loride ( antimony4 ,ins]t "o & remove1 ins]t+ ano!r & leave 9 ! op5+ = ?ree or f\r h\rs4 ,repeat ?is op]ation e f\r or five days = a mon?4 ,9 addition rub on ! outside ( ! swell+ once e two weeks a mixture made ( #b teaspoonfuls ( can?>ides & #d tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,! too? fi/ula usually calls = ! removal ( ! too? & ?or\gh dis9fection ( ! op5+ f ! face ?r\gh to ! m\?4 ,) a /]nal fi/ula ! diseas$ bone may ne$ to be scrap$ & !n antiseptic wa%es us$ daily4 ,! saliv>y fi/ula is m difficult to treat4 ,bett] h ! vet]9>ian to exam9e1 & an op]ation may be necess>y4 ,,fits4--,"s horses are subject to fits1 & ) !m x is incurable4 ,^! %\ld n be driv51 because1 :5 ! attack comes on1 injury may result to ! animal itself & to ! occupants 9 ! c>riage4 ,! cause ( ! difficulty may be ov]fe$+1 bad circulation or indige/ion4 ,:5 an attack occurs ! be/ treatm5t is to ?r[ cold wat] ov] ! head4 ,if ?is attack is repeat$ y _h bett] consult a vet]9>ian4 ,,flatul5t ,,colic4--,see ,colic4 ,,fleas4--,fleas are always a nuisance & always disagreeable4 ,!y live 9 dry1 fil?y qu>t]s & associate ) dogs1 hogs1 & *ick5s4 ,to keep fleas away or to de/roy !m :5 at h&1 clean ! qu>t]s occupi$ by ! animals1 de/roy ! b$d+ & add lime & dis9fectants4 ,dogs may be wa%$ 9 a creol9 solution (1 say1 #b tablespoonfuls ( creol9 to ea* p9t ( wat]4 ,to dis9fect *ick51 hog1 & horse p5s use 9 a h& spray any ( ! s-call$ %eep dips or o!r prep>ations manufactur$ = lice1 it*1 mange1 or insect tr\bles4 ,,flies4--,^! pe/s are a nuisance on e f>m4 ,:ile !y d n directly cause dea? !y greatly worry & irritate f>m /ock1 especially 9 summ]1 & 9 ?is way greatly affect ! results :e!r along dairy or beef l9es4 ,x w\ld be impossible to e/imate ! mis]y ^! pe/s inflict on ! /ock ( ! c\ntry dur+ a s+le ye>4 ,aside f ! pa9 t flies inflict on dome/ic animals1 !y are c>ri]s ( disease1 bo? to ! human family & ! bea/ family4 ,a great _m common infecti\s diseases are spread by flies1 includ+ su* s]i\s diseases z typhoid fev] & tub]culosis4 ,! only treatm5t is 9 way ( prev5tion4 ,z ! bre$+ places are 9 fil? & manure1 x foll[s t if ^! be de/roy$ or remov$1 & n p]mitt$ to accumulate1 ! floods ( flies w disappe>4 ,! fly rem$ies n[ on ! m>ket are excell5t4 ,:5 spray$ ab\t ! /able premises & on ! animals ! flies /ay away until ! application evaporates4 ,d>k5$ /ables are n attractive to flies1 & by ?is means ! nuisance & annoyance is m9imiz$4 ,,flukes1 ,,liv]4--,see ,liv] ,flukes4 ,,foot ,,& ,,m\? ,,disease4--,?is malady g5]ally affects rum9ants1 b1 al?\gh f\nd mo/ (t5 9 cattle1 %eep1 & goats1 x may be transmitt$ to sw9e1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 to horses1 dogs1 cats1 birds1 or human be+s4 ,9 mo/ cases :]e prop] dis9fection is made ! animal recov]s 9 ab\t #ae days4 ,! mo/ dang]\s ?+ ab\t foot & m\? disease is ! fact t x spreads s rapidly4 ,! virus :i* transmits ! disease may be c>ri$ by railroad c>s1 b$d+1 fe$s1 dairy products1 dogs1 cats1 birds1 or p]sons4 ,a dog runn+ ?r\gh a pa/ure may be ! means ( infect+ a :ole h]d4 ,! cause ( ! disease has n be5 satisfactorily det]m9$1 b x is def9itely kn[n t ! virus :i* reproduces ! disease comes f ! ulc]s & natural secretions & excretions ( ! body1 su* z milk1 saliva1 p]spiration1 feces1 ur9e1 & exhalation4 ,! contagion is n h>mful :5 dri$4 ,infect$ animals lose ! p[] ( transmitt+ ! disease :5 ! ulc]s ( ! m\?1 feet1 & udd] h heal$4 ,9 f ?ree to five days aft] infection ! animal has a mod]ate fev]4 ,! appetite is lo/ & ! m\? is kept clos$4 ,!re is a dribbl+ ( saliva1 & 9 two or ?ree days yell[i%-:ite spots ! size ( a hemp se$ appe> on ! gums1 ! l[] surface ( ! tongue1 l9+ ( ! m\? & on ! lips4 ,^! ev5tually atta9 ! size ( a silv] doll>4 ,!y run toge!r1 bur/ & =m pa9ful1 f\l-smell+ ulc]s4 ,at ?is /age ! saliva is m pr(use & ropy & ! animal makes *>act]i/ic smack+ noises ) ! m\?4 ,infect$ animals lose fle% rapidly1 9 "s cases z mu* z #ajj p\nds 9 eight or t5 days4 ,! milk is ?ick1 yell[i%-:ite1 has a bad ta/e1 & is ) difficulty made into *eese or butt]4 ,! r$uction 9 milk yield dur+ ! sickness & = "s "t aft] recov]y is #ej to #ge p] c5t4 ,usually1 a %ort "t aft] an appe>ance ( ! disease 9 ! m\? p>ts1 !re is a r$ness1 heat & swell+ ( ! sk9 at its junction ) ! ho( & especially betwe5 ! toes & ^u ! soles ( ! foot4 ,simil> ulc]s to ^? on ! m\? appe> on ! feet & soon bur/4 ,! animal becomes lame & moves /iffly & lies d[n a great deal4 ,^! ulc]s ord9>ily heal up 9 "o or two weeks4 ,9 "s cases ! animal dies sudd5ly1 9 o!rs l+]s a few h\rs ) difficult brea?+ & dis*>ge ( blood f ! nose1 & f9ally dies ( p>alysis ( ! he>t & lungs4 ,9 /ill o!r cases emaciation & r$uction ( milk fl[ is ! only bad result4 ,sometimes ulc]s =m at ! root ( ! horn & cause ! horn to drop (f4 ,ow+ to ! nature ( ! disease1 its contagion & dang]1 treatm5t %\ld be 9 l9e ( prev5tion & 9 de/ruction ( infect$ animals4 ,:ile ! disease yields to treatm5t1 our be/ sugge/ions :5 ! disease is suspect$ is 9 notification to ! /ate (fic]s & 9 secur+ ! s]vices ( a vet]9>ian :o w be able to advise :at is be/ to d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,foot ,,rot ,a disease usually associat$ ) %eep4 ,x is sometimes s s]i\s t ! entire ho( rots away4 ,,foot ,,puncture4--,see ,w\nds & ,_! ,treatm5t4 ,,foot ,,rot ,,9 ,,%eep4--,a *ronic inflammation ( ! foot1 m>k$ by ulc]ation1 s(t5+ ( ! ho(1 lam5ess1 & ! dis*>ge ( a /icky mat]ial :i* has a v fetid odor4 ,x is a contagi\s disease1 & is produc$ by a g]m t lives 9 ! soil & ga9s entrance to ! feet ?r\gh w\nds & surfaces *af$ by b>b$ grasses & /ones1 or by gritty clay1 :i* becomes lodg$ betwe5 ! toes & h>d5s !re4 ,! fir/ symptom is a slight lam5ess4 ,if ! affect$ foot be exam9$1 t "p j above ! horny "p ( ! cleft ( ! foot1 ei!r 9 front or beh9d1 w be f\nd inflam$1 fev]i%1 & moi/4 ,erosions or ulc]s soon appe>1 g5]ally on ! heel4 ,^! p5etrate ! foot & burr[ b5ea? ! horny p>ts1 caus+ fi/ul\s tracts f :i* exudes a f\l-smell+ pus possess+ an odor suffici5tly *>act]i/ic to indicate ! disease 9 a flock1 ev5 )\t a close exam9ation4 ,9 "t1 ! foot becomes greatly ov]gr[n & de=m$1 ! ho(s increas+ 9 l5g? & curl+ upw>d4 ,9 bad cases1 ! suff]+ is s great ! animal lies d[n mo/ ( ! "t1 b :5 only ! front feet are diseas$1 x w crawl ar\nd on its knees4 ,t ! disease is contagi\s is %[n by ! fact t x g5]ally />ts 9 "o foot & spreads to ! o!rs1 &1 at ! same "t1 ! feet ( o!r %eep 9 ! same flock become diseas$ 9 ! same way1 ! outbreak cov]+ a p]iod ( sev]al mon?s4 ,9 cases t recov] spontane\sly ! foot is de=m$ & ! jo9t is /iff5$4 ,x is only 9 virul5t outbreaks :]e all ! feet are diseas$1 or :]e "s complication1 su* z maggots1 is pres5t1 t dea?s occur4 ,hav+ z its cause a microbe1 x is prop] to take measures ( prev5tion z well z cure4 ,9 pur*as+ %eep1 x is highly advisable to keep !m isolat$ = a week1 z a te/4 ,all ov]gr[n ho(s %\ld be trimm$4 ,sores or w\nds1 f any cause1 %\ld be c>efully dis9fect$ daily4 ,l[1 boggy l&s %\ld n be us$ z pa/ure = %eep1 & dirty1 unsanit>y p5s %\ld be made sanit>y1 z ^! all pr$ispose to an outbreak ( ! disease4 ,z treatm5t1 fir/ isolate all affect$ animals4 ,mild cases are be/ treat$ by mak+ ! %eep /& = sev]al m9utes daily 9 a tr\gh conta9+ a dis9fectant1 or1 bett] /ill1 by arrang+ ! tr\gh ( suitable l5g? ) f5c$-up sides & a wid5$ entrance1 s ! %eep c be easily />t$ into ! inclosure & made to wade ?r\gh ! dis9fectant4 ,9 bad cases & :]e ! ho( is und]run ) pus1 ! horn & all ov]gr[?s mu/ be cut away s z to expose ! diseas$ p>ts to ! action ( ! dis9fectant4 ,! foot %\ld !n be dri$1 du/$ ) f9ely p[d]$ burnt alum1 & b&ag$ to keep out ! dirt4 ,?is antiseptic treatm5t ( ! feet mu/ be kept up daily z long z ! disease exi/s4 ,any ( ! foll[+ may be us$3 #a p\nd *loride ( lime to #ab qu>ts ( wat]2 #a p\nd ( pure c>bolic acid to #d gallons ( wat]2 a solution ( creol92 a coal-t> dis9fectant ( ! same /r5g?2 or any good %eep dip conta9+ ^! sub/ances 9 ! prop] am\nts4 ,,f\nd]4--,an inflammation ( ! s5sitive or s(t /ructures betwe5 ! ho( & bones ( ! foot4 ,! popul> belief t f\nd] is to any ext5t 9 ! legs & *e/ is probably an error4 ,! disease is 9 ! feet1 & ^? symptoms :i* make x appe> z a /iffness 9 ! legs & %\ld] are b ! natural results ( sor5ess 9 ! feet4 ,! same /atem5t might be made reg>d+ ^? cases :i* are popul>ly describ$ z 8/ove up 9 ! %\ld]40 ,in/ead ( ! sor5ess be+ 9 ! %\ld] 9 ^! cases1 x is g5]ally 9 ! feet1 or at lea/ bel[ ! knee4 ,x is some:at difficult to expla9 h[ ^? influ5ces or causes :i* are kn[n to produce f\nd] br+ ab\t t condition1 b obs]vation %[s cle>ly t an irritation ( ! dige/ive tract1 or 9 fact1 any ext5sive irritation ( any muc\s surface1 may produce an inflammation ( ! s5sitive lam9 ( ! feet2 t is1 f\nd]4 ,!re=e f\nd] may be produc$ by a *ange ( fe$ or excessive fe$+1 a *ange ( "w or excessive "w :i* results 9 exhau/ion1 l>ge quantities ( fe$ or wat] :5 w>m or fatigu$1 sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature su* z cool+ too fa/ :5 sweat+1 & a long drive on h>d roads1 especially )\t %oes4 ,excessive purg+ or di>rha may also produce x4 ,f\nd] also occasionally results f irritation ( foal+1 b ?is is n common4 ,!re is no ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ! nature ( ! disease det]m9$ by ! p>ticul> ag5t or condition :i* causes x4 8,wat] f\nd]10 & t produc$ by ov]-fe$+1 concussion1 or extreme fatigue are1 9 s f> z ! "* ( ! disease is conc]n$1 "o & ! same ?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f\nd] ,9 bad cases ( f\nd] ! foot %r9ks f ! wa/+ ( ! s5sitive sub/ances4 ,a typical f\nd]$ foot is pictur$ "h4 ,f\nd] ,may ,occur 9 ! =e or h9d feet or 9 bo?2 b g5]ally ! =e feet are ^? affect$4 ,a /iffness & dis9cl9ation to move are p]haps ! fir/ symptoms notic$4 ,! position 9 :i* ! animal /&s is *>act]i/ic4 ,! =e feet w be plac$ well =w>d1 s t ! weight w be borne by ! heels1 :ile ! h9d feet are br\ght well up "u ! body 9 ord] to take z mu* weight (f ! front feet z possible4 ,?is position gives a r un/eady appe>ance to animal1 & ! h9d feet are frequ5tly %ift$ 9 ord] to ma9ta9 z /eady a position z possible4 ,f ?is fact f\nd] is frequ5tly mi/ak5 by inexp]i5c$ p]sons = a disease ( ! kidneys4 ,! body temp]ature is usually consid]$ increas$2 t is1 !re is fev]--z x is g5]ally express$--due to inflammation 9 ! feet4 ,z is usual 9 ! fir/ /ages ( inflammation1 ! pulse beat is increas$ 9 frequ5cy & =ce4 ,an increase ( heat 9 ! feet1 ) a manife/ation ( pa9 :5 ! ho(s are tapp$ ) a hamm]1 are1 :5 tak5 ) all ! =ego+ facts1 suffici5t evid5ce ( f\nd]4 ,:5 f\nd] occurs 9 "o foot1 h[ev]1 z x sometimes does1 ! diagnosis may be m difficult = ! inexp]i5c$4 ,:5 x occurs only 9 ! h9d feet ! position :i* ! animal takes w n be diff]5t f t tak5 ) f\nd] 9 only bo? =e feet b f diff]5t causes4 ,! h9d feet are br\ght well =w>d "u ! body1 b = ! purpose ( ?r[+ su* little weight z is borne on !m on ! heels4 ,! ,feet ,%\ld ,be ,kept ,moi/4--,remove ! %oes & apply moi/ure to ! feet4 ,! latt] may be done by /&+ ! animal 9 wat] five or six in*es deep ea* day1 sev]al h\rs at a "t1 or by ! application ( a p\ltice ( :eat bran or "s su* mat]ial1 or by wrapp+ ! feet ) clo?s & keep+ !m ?or\ghly saturat$ ) wat]4 ,! animal %\ld always be enc\rag$ to lie d[n & take ! weight (f 8 feet1 :i* is b5eficial4 ,:5 ?is occurs1 a p\ltice ( "s sort mu/ be us$ to apply moi/ure to ! feet4 ,x may be appli$ by ! use ( a sack l>ge en\gh to envelop ! foot & hold suffici5t ( ! p\ltice to reta9 ! moi/ure = "s "t4 ,?is application ( moi/ure to ! feet %\ld be cont9u$ until ! sev]ity ( ! inflammation & ! lam5ess h subsid$4 ,unless ! f\nd] be due to excessive purgation1 a qu>t ( raw l9se$ oil %\ld be giv5 z a purgative4 ,dur+ ! fir/ #dh h\rs f #cj to #dj drops ( t9cture ( aconite may be giv5 e ?ree or f\r h\rs4 ,f\r tablespoonfuls ( nitrate ( pota% 7saltpet]7 %\ld also be giv5 ?ree times a day 9 ! fe$ or on ! tongue4 ,if ! lam5ess cont9ues aft] ! acute symptoms h subsid$1 a re/ ( sev]al weeks on a s(t pa/ure & ! application ( a bli/] ar\nd ! top ( ! ho( are recomm5d$4 ,! foll[+ mixture has be5 useful z a bli/]3 ,r$ iodide ( m]cury1 #a "p2 l>d1 #d p>ts2 c]ate ( can?>ides1 #d p>ts4 ,apply ar\nd ! top ( ! ho(1 except at ! heels1 & rub = #aj to #ae m9utes4 ,! animal %\ld be ti$ s t x _c get its m\? to ! bli/]$ "p = sev]al h\rs aft] ! m$ic9e has be5 appli$4 ,,*ronic ,,f\nd]4--,9 a majority ( cases ! above treatm5t w be foll[$ by a good recov]y1 b an animal once f\nd]$ is probably m likely to suff] f a subsequ5t attack4 ,if ! lam5ess does n entirely disappe> 9 a week or t5 days1 x is seldom t a complete recov]y takes place4 ,9 su* cases ! animal is likely to rema9 unfit = road "w & to cont9ue to %[ m or less sor5ess4 ,^! are ! cases t are lat] said to h 8*e/ f\nd]10 or 8/ove up 9 ! %\ld]10 ow+ to ! fact t ! muscles ( ! *e/ wa/e away f lack ( free use4 ,9 "s cases /ill m s]i\s results foll[ an acute attack ( f\nd]4 ,! inflammation may be s sev]e t !re is sep>ation betwe5 ! ho( & /ructures1 ! =mation ( pus1 & a desc5t ( ! c5tral organs ( ! foot1 :i* causes a bulg+ ( ! sole4 ,9 su* cases1 ev5 ?\gh recov]y takes place to su* an ext5t t x is advisable to all[ ! animal to live1 x is n fit = "w1 & c only be us$ = bre$+ purposes4 ,,f[l ,,*ol]a4--,see ,*ick5 ,*ol]a4 ,,gapes4--,a symptom caus$ by worms 9 ! w9dpipe2 (t5e/ se5 9 "y *icks & turkeys4 ,birds droop1 c\gh1 & l[] _! w+s4 ,a fea!r moi/5$1 b n dripp+1 ) k]os5e or oil ( turp5t9e is ! commone/ rem$y4 ,cleanl9ess ( food1 wat] & qu>t]s is ! great prev5tive4 ,p\ltry m5 :o keep _! *icks on gr\nd n us$ = *ick rais+ ! previ\s ye>1 & :o insi/ on /ricte/ cleanl9ess1 report highly satisfactory results 9 avoid+ gapes4 ,,g>get4--,a swell+1 accompani$ by inflammation ( ! udd]4 ,x may be caus$ by kicks or bl[s1 by g]ms gett+ into ! udd]1 or z a result ( hold+ ! milk too long4 ,d n use ! milk :5 ! udd] is affect$4 ,= g>get rub ) hot camphorat$ oil twice a day4 ,give z m$ic9e #h tablespoonfuls ( hyposulphite ( soda ea* day1 ei!r 9 ! fe$ or 9 a dr5*4 ,keep up ! treatm5t = two weeks4 ,,ga/ritis4--,a r uncommon disease 9 dome/ic animals & ! result ( a di/urbance 9 ! /oma*1 ) inflammation foll[+1 caus$ by irritat+ sub/ances1 usually ( a poison\s nature4 ,a common symptom is nausea & pa9 l colic4 ,inde$1 ! ord9>y outw>d signs ( colic are obs]v$4 ,at fir/ ! pulse is /rong1 :i* weak5s1 & runs rapidly1 f #hj to #ajj beats a m9ute4 ,z ! disease progresses ! pulse becomes irregul> & ! animal dull & li/less4 ,treatm5t consi/s ( simple ag5ts4 ,if ! di/urbance is due to "s potassium comp\nd1 give oil2 if to ammonia1 give v9eg>2 if f turp5t9e1 give oil & opium1 ! opium 9 teaspoonful doses e c\ple h\rs4 ,aft] recov]y1 let only easily dige/$ food be provid$4 ,,gid ,,9 ,,%eep4--,a disease ( ! bra9 due to a worm 9 ! bra9 sub/ance4 ,?is worm1 kn[n z ! bladd] worm1 is a =m ( ! tape-worm ( ! dog at an e>ly /age ( its exi/5ce4 ,! eggs ( ?is worm1 on be+ swall[$1 are hat*$ 9 ! /oma*1 f :i* !y ent] into ! circulation1 f9ally lodg+ 9 ! bra9 & sp9al cord4 ,^? t lodge else:]e1 z 9 ! he>t & lungs1 gr[ = a "t & !n disappe>4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s symptom is ! /agg]+1 /upefi$ condition ( ! affect$ animal4 ,9 walk+1 if a s+le side is affect$1 a circle is describ$4 ,! feet are rais$ z if ! animal did n see well4 ,9 _m cases bl9dness results4 ,! gr[? ( ! worm is some:at rapid4 ,9 ab\t ?ree weeks aft] ! appe>ance ( ! disease a s(t5$ condition ( ! skull results1 :i* may be f\nd by press+ ! f+]s ov] x4 ,f ?is x w be obs]v$ t !re is practically no treatm5t = animals affect$4 ,occasionally ! sk9 is accid5tally brok5 ov] ! po9t :]e ! worm is ency/$1 out ( :i* x em]ges & ! %eep recov]s4 ,treatm5t1 !re=e1 is along ! l9e ( ?is natural recov]y4 ,f9d ! s(t spot by press+ ! f+]s ov] ! skull1 !n introduce ! troc> & canula4 ,)draw ! troc>1 apply a syr+e to ! canula1 & )draw ! cont5ts ( ! cy/ )94 ,( c\rse1 inflammation ( ! bra9 may set 9 & ! %eep die f ?is1 or ano!r worm may be pres5t & gr[1 ?us caus+ cont9u$ disease4 ,inasmu* z ! bladd] worm ( %eep is a /age ( ! tape-worm ( ! dog1 x foll[s t de/roy+ all affect$ %eep1 s z to prev5t ! dogs f becom+ re9fe/$ f x1 is ! only really safe & satisfactory me?od ( w>d+ (f ! tr\ble4 ,,gl&]s4--,a contagi\s disease peculi> to ! horse1 ass1 & mule1 & may be communicat$ to human be+s1 & also sometimes to c>nivor\s animals 9 m5ag]ies1 by means ( infect$ horse fle%1 & also by means ( inoculation to field mice1 gu9ea pigs1 dogs1 cats1 goats1 rabbits1 & %eep4 ,pigs are n readily susceptible & cattle appe> to be immune4 ,l all diseases ( a contagi\s or infecti\s "*1 gl&]s is due to a specific organism1 kn[n z ! bacillus malleus4 ,! ext]nal manife/ations ( gl&]s diff] & consequ5tly ! disease is spok5 ( z gl&]s or f>cy1 dep5d+ ^u ! symptoms pres5t$4 ,! disease is kn[n z gl&]s :5 ! horse suff]+ f x has a dis*>ge f ! nose1 ulc]s on ! septum nasi 7! p>tition divid+ ! nasal cavities7 & enl>g$ submaxill>y gl&s1 & is kn[n z f>cy :5 ! affect$ animal has f>cy 8buds0 or ulc]s on ! sk91 & cord$ lymphatic vessels runn+ f "o 8bud0 to ano!r4 ,9 f>cy1 ! cord$ lymphatics1 8buds0 & ulc]s on ! sk9 are v apt to be on ! inside ( "o h9d leg or ! o!r1 b may appe> on ! inside ( a =e leg1 or on ! neck or body4 ,f>cy 01 9 old5 times1 ?\ght to be a diff]5t disease f gl&]s1 & 0 believ$ by _m to be curable1 :ile gl&]s has always be5 g5]ally believ$ to be incurable1 b x is n[ kn[n t f>cy is simply "o manife/ation ( gl&]s4 ,x has be5 f\nd t a horse ) gl&]s may give ano!r f>cy1 & vice v]sa4 ,gu9ea pigs inoculat$ ) ! dis*>ge f a gl&]$ horse's nose w develop gl&]s1 & pure cultures ( ! gl&]s bacillus c be obta9$ f !m1 & 9 a simil> way if gu9ea pigs are inoculat$ ) ! dis*>ge f a sore on a horse ) f>cy gl&]s may be produc$ 9 ^! little exp]im5tal animals1 & ^u po/ mortem exam9ation pure cultures ( ! gl&]s bacillus c be obta9$ f ! lesions ( ! disease produc$ 9 !m4 ,gl&]s & f>cy may aga9 be divid$ into two =ms1 acute & *ronic gl&]s1 & acute & *ronic f>cy4 ,9 ! acute =m ! disease develops rapidly1 ! lesions =m m spe$ily & ) great] rapidity ?an 9 ! *ronic =m & ! animal loses /r5g? & condition & dies )9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks1 sometimes 9 ! c\rse ( a week or two4 ,x is n unusual to meet ) an animal %[+ symptoms ( bo? gl&]s & f>cy1 especially 9 ! acute =m4 ,9 ! *ronic =m ! symptoms are n s well m>k$1 & a horse may g = mon?s keep+ 9 fairly good condition & able to d its "w1 ! disease develop+ v sl[ly1 & at times %[+ a t5d5cy to recov]2 yet su* an animal is a s\rce ( dang] to o!r horses1 & also to ! man tak+ c>e ( him or driv+ him4 ,a horse ) *ronic gl&]s1 or f>cy1 may give ! disease to ano!r 9 an acute =m1 especially if ! o!r "o is m susceptible = "s reason1 su* z a less /rong con/itution or be+ run d[n by h>d "w4 ,po/ mortem exam9ation ( horses ) gl&]s1 or f>cy1 ne>ly always reveals ! pres5ce ( gl&]s nodules or tub]cles 9 ! lungs1 &1 9 _m in/ances1 !re is no d\bt b :at a horse may h ! tub]cles ( gl&]s 9 8 lungs = "s "t be=e %[+ outw>d symptoms ( ! disease1 & 9 _m cases ! prim>y lesions ( ! infection occur 9 ! lungs4 ,a horse ) lung gl&]s may be a s\rce ( dang] to o!r horses & cause disease 9 !m & yet g unsuspect$ = "s "t4 ,a case is said to h occurr$ 9 ,bo/on a numb] ( ye>s ago :]e a hack horse lo/ eight successive mates ) gl&]s2 he 0 f9ally kill$ & 8 lungs 7 f\nd to be full ( gl&]s nodules1 & yet he nev] %[$ any ext]nal symptoms ( gl&]s4 ,su* cases c\ld be cit$ 9 l>ge numb]s if space p]mitt$1 b "o example w answ]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bad ,,case ,,( ,,gl&]s ,! f>cy =m is %[n "h4 ,! animal has n long to live4 ,except = exp]im5tal purposes1 e horse hav+ gl&]s %\ld be kill$ z soon z ! disease is discov]$4 ,a horse ) lung gl&]s may h a little dry1 spasmodic c\gh1 may look some:at un?rifty1 & if ! temp]ature 7 tak5 x might be slightly above normal1 say1 #aja degrees to #aja1 ! normal temp]ature be+ #ajj degrees4 ,yet su* an animal might d its "w1 la/ = a long "t & n be suspect$ z a s\rce ( dang] until sev]al cases _h occurr$ 9 ! /able1 = :i* x 0 difficult to acc\nt4 ,:ile a well-m>k$ case ( gl&]s or ( f>cy is n difficult ( diagnosis1 !re are _m obscure cases :i* escape detection = "s "t4 ,if a horse has a well-m>k$ dis*>ge f "o or bo? no/rils1 ) *>act]i/ic *ancres visible ^u ! muc\s membrane ( ! septum nasi1 & h>d enl>g$ submaxill>y gl&s 9 ! int]maxill>y space1 x is n a difficult matt] to diagnose su* a case1 & any horseman ought to recognize x4 ,! same is true ( a well-m>k$ case ( f>cy4 ,:5 ! lymphatic vessels on ! inside ( a leg1 especially a h9d leg1 are swell$ & cord$1 ) a *a9 ( f>cy buds along _! c\rse1 "s ( :i* h ga!r$ & brok51 leav+ a dis*>g+ op5 ulc] 9 ! sk91 x is q evid5t t ! animal is suff]+ f f>cy4 ,a peculi>ity ( gl&]s seems to be a t5d5cy = ! symptoms to appe> on ! left side2 9 _m cases ( gl&]s ! dis*>ge & ulc]ation is 9 ! left no/ril1 & ! left submaxill>y gl& is enl>g$2 & 9 a l>ge numb] ( ! cases ( f>cy met ) x is ! left h9d leg t %[s ! lesions ( ! disease4 ,9 obscure cases ( gl&]s or f>cy ! diagnosis is n always s easy1 ev5 = exp]ts1 & !n o!r me?ods = det]m9+ ! tr\ble h to be resort$ to4 ,^! are ! gu9ea pig te/ & ! malle9 te/4 ,! gu9ea pig te/ consi/s ( inoculat+ "o or two ( ^! little animals ) ! dis*>ge f a suspect$ horse's nose1 or f a f>cy sore4 ,if !y %\ld develop gl&]s x w\ld be pro( positive t ! suspect$ horse _h ?is disease2 if !y d n develop gl&]s x is n always positive pro( t ! suspect$ horse is free f ! disease4 ,sometimes m ?an "o te/ is necess>y1 or ano!r me?od ( diagnosis may h to be resort$ to4 ,?is is ! malle9 te/4 ,malle9 is a product made f cultures ( ! gl&]s bacillus analog\s to tub]cul9 z made f cultures ( ! tub]cle bacillus1 & is us$ = te/+ horses = gl&]s mu* z tub]cul9 is us$ = te/+ cattle = tub]culosis4 ,a horse infect$ ) gl&]s w react to a malle9 te/ 9 mu* ! same way z a c[ infect$ ) tub]culosis w react to ! tub]cul9 te/4 ,x is n cu/om>y 9 "s /ates to kill a horse t reacts to malle9 unless x %[s "s cl9ical evid5ce ( disease4 ,all horses t %[ cl9ical evid5ce ( gl&]s or f>cy 9 "s /ates are kill$ by ! /ate au?ority1 & ! law requires p]sons kn[+ or suspect+ cases ( ?is k9d to report 9 writ+ to ! *ief ( ! cattle bureau ( ! /ate bo>d ( agriculture or to ! inspector ( animals 9 ! city or t[n :]e ! disease is believ$ to exi/1 except 9 "s cities :]e ! city bo>d ( heal? has full *>ge ( gl&]s & f>cy4 ,anyone sell+1 remov+1 transport+1 or conceal+ a horse kn[+ or hav+ reasonable cause to believe x has gl&]s or f>cy is 9 mo/ /ates liable to a heavy p5alty4 ,9 /ables :]e gl&]s exi/s1 9 "s cases1 all ! horses are te/$ & divid$2 ! reactors are sep>at$ f ! non-reactors1 & ^? t react are te/$ once a mon? until !y cease to react1 or %[ physical indications ( gl&]s & are kill$4 ,us$ 9 ?is way malle9 seems to h a curative effect on incipi5t cases1 & has be5 v successfully us$ 9 free+ infect$ /ables f ! disease4 ,:5 a horse is kill$ because x has gl&]s or f>cy ! /all %\ld be ?or\ghly dis9fect$ :]e x has be5 kept1 z well z ! h>ness1 blankets1 currycomb & o!r ut5sils1 & any?+ t _c be easily dis9fect$ ought to be de/roy$4 ,public wat]+ tr\ghs :]e ! horse has be5 wat]$ %\ld be empti$ & clean$ out1 & ! blacksmi? ought to dis9fect 8 %op :]e ! horse 0 %od4 ,!re are v>i\s diseases t may be tak5 = gl&]s or f>cy1 & !re h also be5 num]\s in/ances :]e gl&]s has be5 tak5 = some?+ else2 = in/ance1 *ronic nasal cat>rh4 ,:at _m old-"t vet]9>ians us$ to call *ronic nasal cat>rh or nasal gleet1 71 9 _m in/ances1 if n 9 ne>ly all1 cases ( *ronic gl&]s1 & :5 "o ( ^! cases ( nasal gleet 0 r\nd$ up 9 a locality1 gl&]s disappe>$ 9 t neighborhood4 ,a horse ) a *ronic dis*>ge f ! nose z ! result ( a decay$ too? may sometimes be mi/ak5 = a case ( gl&]s1 & also a horse ) di/emp] or /rangles2 b ! latt] g5]ally recov]s soon1 & 9 /rangles ! gl& "u ! jaw s(t5s & breaks & dis*>ges :ile 9 gl&]s ! gl& rema9s firm & h>d & g5]ally n s5sitive to manipulation4 ,!re is a disease t has be5 tr\blesome 9 ,p5nsylvania & p>ts ( ,ohio ! la/ two ye>s call$ suppurative lymphangitis or epizootic lymphangitis1 :i* may be mi/ak5 = f>cy1 b animals suff]+ f x d n react to malle91 & gu9ea pigs inoculat$ ) ! dis*>ges d n develop gl&]s4 ,!re is n mu* gl&]s 9 ! ,ea/]n /ates1 except 9 ! cities1 & ! disease is n ( a great deal ( int]e/ to f>m]s1 except to avoid pur*as+ animals ) x at "s ( ! unreliable sales /ables4 ,:]e a case occurs on a f>m1 except on "s m>ket g>d5]'s f>m ne> a city1 x is f\nd1 z a rule1 t ! horse 0 pur*as$ at "s unscrupul\s deal]'s /able 9 ! city1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 o!r horses on ! f>m are infect$1 & ! f>m] n only loses 8 new acquisition1 b has two or ?ree o!r horses kill$ besides t h become infect$4 ,f>m]s buy+ new horses at city sales /ables ought to endeavor to deal ) only reputable conc]ns1 & to avoid *eats4 ,x is well to rememb] t a p]son _c get some?+ = no?+1 & x is n likely t anyone c buy a horse = #ej to #ge because x is afraid ( elevat$ railroad tra9s t w\ld o!rwise be wor? #cjj to #ejj1 or because a wid[ lady wants a good home = h] late husb&'s old pet4 ,anyone buy+ horses f a fake coal company1 or a humbug ice company1 or an unkn[n express company t is j go+ out ( bus9ess1 is liable to invite a s]i\s disease to 8 f>m4 ,,gravel ,,or ,,dirt ,,9 ,,foot4--,a collection ( pus1 or o!r fluid conta9+ gravel or dirt4 ,x occurs mo/ frequ5tly 9 ! foot1 & is associat$ ) ! horse & mule almo/ exclusively4 ,! cause may be f a bruise1 b m frequ5tly x is due to a punctur$ w\nd ( ! foot by nail1 wire1 or o!r po9t$ object4 ,ne>ly always !re w be dirt c>ri$ into ! w\nd ) ! (f5d+ object or %ortly aft] its removal4 ,?is dirt1 infect$ ) g]ms1 sets up an inflammation ( ! s5sitive /ructures caus+ m or less lam5ess4 ,9 _m in/ances ! nail hole becomes clos$ up & ! collect$ matt] may h to seek an outlet above ! ho(4 ,to det]m9e ! tr\ble a v c>eful exam9ation ( ! ho( %\ld be made1 look+ = any op5+ lead+ into ! foot1 (t5 detect$ by discoloration ( ! "p1 or at an ov]-s5sitive po9t 9 ! foot4 ,treatm5t %\ld consi/ 9 mak+ or enl>g+ ! op5+ at a dep5d5t "p ( ! ho(1 if possible1 s t all secretion =m$ 9 ! w\nd c f9d a ready escape to ! outside4 ,)\t free op5+ !re is dang] ( tetanus 7lockjaw7 develop+4 ,! w\nd %\ld be ?or\ghly cleans$1 & wa%$ ) "s mild dis9fectant1 aft] :i* a small quantity ( oil ( turp5t9e %\ld be inject$1 & ! w\nd pack$ ) calomel or iod(orm & cov]$ ) a pl$get ( cotton4 ,if ! w\nd is v deep or ext5sive x may be b5eficial1 aft] ?or\ghly cleans+ ! foot1 to apply a hot bran or flaxse$ p\ltice4 ,use p\ltice = sev]al days & *ange daily4 ,,grease ,,heel4--,a =m ( eczema t attacks ! sk9 ( ! heel & fetlock4 ,sometimes ! disease becomes s sev]e z to crack op51 f :i* blood oozes out4 ,a cru/ =ms & lat] on becomes pa9ful & disagreeable4 ,to remove ! scurvy "p t is notic$ fir/1 apply a p\ltice1 made ( :eat bran or l9se$ meal4 ,*ange ! p\ltices two or ?ree times dur+ ! day4 ,aft] removal ea* "t wa% ) w>m wat]1 9 :i* has be5 put "s c>bolic acid or creol91 & !n apply ! p\ltice aga94 ,aft] ! p\ltic+ is end$ apply a salve made ( #d tablespoonfuls ( oxide ( z9c & #h tablespoonfuls ( vasel9e4 ,if indige/ion seems to be associat$ 9 any way1 give ! horse a dose ( physic1 aloes be+ be/ = ! purpose4 ,,grub ,,9 ,,! ,,head4--,?is condition is ! pres5ce ( ! l>va 7worm /age7 ( ! %eep bot fly1 locat$ 9 ! frontal s9uses 7cavities7 ( ! head4 ,! tr\ble is conf9$ to %eep & occasionally goats4 ,! s-call$ 8grub0 ( ! horse is f\nd 9 its /oma*1 :ile ! 8grub0 ( cattle is f\nd along its back j und]nea? ! sk94 ,! adult fly1 :i* lays ! liv+ 8%eep grub10 is ( a yell[i%-gray color1 slightly l>g] ?an a h\se fly4 ,dur+ ! w>m] "p ( ! summ] days ! fly goes ab\t deposit+ its "y 9 ! nose ( ! %eep4 ,! "y !n "w _! way upw>d into cavities ( ! head betwe5 ! eyes1 b n into ! bra9 cavity4 ,"h !y atta* !mselves to ! l9+1 rema9+ :5 unmole/$ = "s t5 mon?s1 !n lose _! hold & are sneez$ out to ! gr\nd4 ,burr[+ into ! gr\nd !y ent] ! pupa or dormant /age1 :51 aft] a mon? or six weeks1 !y em]ge z adult flies to repl5i% _! k9d4 ,:5 few grubs are 9 ! head little tr\ble may be obs]v$1 b if m num]\s may cause free dis*>ge ( dirty :ite or yell[i%1 ?ick fluid1 loss ( appetite1 frequ5t c\gh+ & sneez+1 toss+ ( head & weak5$ gait1 & ! animal may become too weak to rise1 & f9ally dies4 ,) a special in/rum5t 7treph9e7 bore a hole into ! cavity conta9+ grubs & remove !m ) =ceps4 ,:5 !y are pres5t e ye> ! %eep %\ld be protect$ by keep+ ! nose sme>$ ) t> dur+ summ] mon?s4 ,?is c be done by caus+ %eep to lick salt f holes 9 a tr\gh aft] plac+ t> ab\t ! holes4 ,,hair ,,balls4--,true hair balls are seldom f\nd 9 o!r animals ?an cattle1 result+ ei!r f lick+ !mselves or o!rs2 b diff]5t k9ds ( indige/ible balls or concretions are frequ5tly f\nd 9 cattle & o!r animals1 p>ticul>ly ! horse1 9 ! /oma* or inte/9es4 ,du/ balls are occasionally =m$ :5 animals are f$ ^u mill clean+s4 ,9 sections :]e crimson clov] is f$1 & frequ5tly 9 ov]-ripe condition 9 l>ge quantities1 balls are =m$ ( p>ts ( ! indige/ible heads4 ,aga91 calc>e\s or m9]al matt] may accumulate ab\t an indige/ible sub/ance z a nucleus4 ,^! are n well-def9$1 9 _m in/ances1 & ! balls are (t5 pres5t )\t mak+ x kn[n4 ,s long z !y d n irritate ! b[el too mu*1 or d n occlude ! op5+ f "o portion ( ! b[el to ano!r1 !y are likely to escape notice4 ,9 case !y d ob/ruct ! b[el !y become s]i\s ob/acles1 ! great] numb] ( ^! cases t]m9at+ 9 dea?4 ,! symptoms !n become ^? ( colic f ob/ruction4 ,9 _m cases no relief c be giv51 b attempts %\ld be made to cause ! ob/ruction to pass by giv+ mild purgatives & copi\s enemas4 ,,heaves4--,! t]m 8heaves0 is us$ to describe t disease ( ! horse :i* o!rwise is kn[n z 8brok5 w9d10 or te*nically z 8emphysema ( ! lungs40 ,?is ailm5t1 :i* is incurable :5 ?or\ghly e/abli%$ & to :i* a t5d5cy is inh]it$ by ! (fspr+ ( an affect$ sire or dam1 is *>act]iz$ by ! foll[+ symptoms3 ,d\ble1 bell[s-l action ( ! abdom9al muscles 9 brea?+2 %ort1 suppress$ c\gh1 usually accompani$ by passage ( gas f ! rectum2 glutton\s appetite2 h>%1 />+ coat ( hair2 pot belly2 weakness2 lack ( endurance1 sweat+1 pant+1 or /agg]+ dur+ "w2 dilat$ no/rils2 frequ5t passage ( gas & s(t1 f\l-smell+ feces :5 />t+ f /able4 ,! disease beg9s ) indige/ion1 affect+ 9 "t ! pneumo-ga/ric n]ve ( ! /oma* & !n ! bran* n]ves runn+ to ! lungs4 ,at fir/ ! air tubules & vesicles ( ! lungs become dilat$ 7aneurism72 lat] !y may break d[n into l>ge air spaces & ! surr\nd+ lung tissues become involv$ 7int]lobul> emphysema74 ,air !n is easily inhal$1 b is exhal$ ) difficulty & ! ef=t causes c\gh & expulsion ( gas 7flatus74 ,! di/ress may be reliev$ by treatm5t1 b p]fect recov]y is impossible :5 ! lungs h become badly affect$4 ,treat by sub/itut+ wet oat /raw = hay 9 w9t] & grass = hay 9 summ]4 ,all[ d\ble ! usual re/ p]iod aft] a meal4 ,"w :5 /oma* is n di/5d$ ) food4 ,d n fe$ hay at noon4 ,use lime wat] to wet all food4 ,once or twice a week give raw l9se$ oil 9 a bran ma% to op5 b[els4 ,give half an ounce ( ,f[l]'s solution ( ars5ic night & morn+4 ,d n bre$ f affect$ horses4 ,,heat ,,exhau/ion ,,& ,,sun/roke4--,! horse t is /rick5 ) heat exhau/ion or :i* falls f heat1 apoplexy or 8sun/roke10 is sick or out ( sorts at ! "t ( attack2 o!rwise he w\ld )/& heat & "w4 ,! middle horse ( a ?ree-horse team suff]s mo/ & is apt to succumb to ! ill-effects ( ! comb9$ radiation ( heat f 8 mates & direct rays ( ! sun4 ,attacks are mo/ apt to happ5 on ! ?ird or f\r? day ( a spell ( int5sely hot wea!r *>act]iz$ by mugg9ess1 electrical /orms & moi/ure-saturat$ air4 ,at su* times ! horse t has indige/ion1 a heavy1 unheal?y coat ( hair1 a sk9 or kidney tr\ble or any affection ( ! bra9 or he>t is ! "o t mu/ be mo/ c>efully wat*$ & work$4 ,) ! hope ( prev5t+ attacks fe$ light rations1 no corn1 no ma%es1 no gr\nd fe$ o!r ?an bran2 avoid gre5 grass1 unless ! horses are on x all ( ! "t2 d n fe$ hay at noon2 all[ cool1 pure dr9k+ wat] (t5 :5 horses are at "w2 keep /ables clean1 d>k5$1 scre5$1 & v5tilat$2 %ade ! polls ( ! horses' heads dur+ "w "t & 9 su* a way t air passes freely "u ! %ad+ device4 ,9 sun/roke ! horse falls & soon succumbs4 ,9 heat exhau/ion he lags1 /ops sweat+1 pants1 /agg]s1 sk9 is dry1 no/rils dilat$1 membranes ( eyes & no/rils r$4 ,high fev] is pres5t4 ,treat by keep+ cold1 wet packs to ! poll ( head or lett+ a /ream ( cold wat] run ov] x4 ,%[] body ) cold wat] f a spr9kl+ c4 ,/& horse 9 %ady place "u a tree :]e air passes4 ,give /imulants freely 9 wat] z a dr5* e h\r at fir/1 !n less (t5 z symptoms abate4 ,a suitable /imulant is :iskey 9 half p9t doses1 or a mixture ( "o "p ( aromatic spirits ( ammonia & two p>ts ea* ( alcohol & sweet spirits ( nit]4 ,dose is two ounces 9 half p9t wat]4 ,d n ble$ horse or give aconite4 ,give half ounce doses ( saltpet] 9 wat] twice daily z horse recov]s4 ,call ! vet]9>ian 9 sun/roke cases4 ,,h]nia4--,a protrusion ( any portion ( ! b[els or _! cov]+s ?r\gh a break 9 ! walls ( ! abdom54 ,a rupture1 = t is ! popul> t]m1 is mo/ common 9 horses4 ,(t5 at bir? !y are se5 ne> ! navel4 ,^! disappe> 9 a few mon?s )\t any treatm5t be+ requir$4 ,9 mature horses ! usual causes are bl[s1 kicks or "s viol5t ef=t t te>s ! muscul> /ructure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v5tral ,,h]nia ,x may occur 9 any "p ( ! abdom5 & v>ies 9 size ) ! ext5t ( ! rupture4 ,! *>act]i/ic symptom is ! bulg+ out ( ! gut1 tumorlike2 & ?is (t5 c be slipp$ back :]e x belongs4 ,if ! r5t be n clos$1 ev5 if ! gut is return$1 ! lea/ bit ( /ra9 is liable to =ce x out aga94 ,"s k9ds ( h]nia cause imm5se pa9 & ! animal %[s x4 ,9 treat+1 "w ! gut back to its place4 ,?is done1 place a pad--a flat piece ( wood or lea!r w d--ov] ! w\nd & fa/5 9 su* a way z to keep x 9 place4 ,?is %\ld be worn = a mon? until recov]y is complete4 ,su* treatm5t w n s]ve 9 all cases ( h]nia4 ,an op]ation may be necess>y1 :i* %\ld be made only by a skillful vet]9>ian4 ,,hide-,,b\nd4--,?is is n a disease at all1 b an indication ( poor heal?1 m p>ticul>ly ( poor nutrition2 usually ! result ( indige/ion1 improp] food1 worms or want ( prop] ex]cise4 ,! sk9 is h>d1 r\gh1 pap]y1 & _c be pick$ up f ! body ) ease4 ,:5 ! attempt is made1 x sugge/s t ! body is too l>ge = ! sk94 ,( c\rse treatm5t is 9 ! nature ( bett] food1 t prop] n\ri%m5t may be secur$4 ,a good physic w be prop] to />t ) & !n foll[ ) a tonic1 easily assimilable food ( a nature t w prop]ly n\ri% ! body4 ,,high ,,bl[+4--,a s\nd produc$ 9 ! act ( brea?+ :ile ! air is be+ expell$ f ! lungs dur+ =c$ respiration4 ,x is a flutt]+ sort ( a s\nd4 ,:5 horses are trott+ or pac+ ! s\nd is ess5tially a nasal "o1 & is n to be reg>d$ z a /ate ( uns\ndness4 ,x is r a measure ( excitability1 & associat$ ) horses ( mu* _s & good bre$+4 ,,hip ,,jo9t ,,lam5ess4--,a disease ( ! hip1 caus$ usually by "s injury z f a fall or kick4 ,a slight swell+ is obs]v$ j ov] ! hip1 & lam5ess :5 ! animal walks or trots4 ,9 sev]e cases1 ! horse w hop & cat* ! lame leg4 ,! be/ treatm5t is absolute re/4 ,frequ5t applications ( hot wat] are good4 ,aft] ea* application ba! ) a solution made ( #d ounces ( wat]1 #b ounces ( t9cture ( opium1 #b ounces ( t9cture ( arnica & an ounce ( belladonna4 ,if ! lam5ess cont9ues1 use a bli/] made ( #b teaspoonfuls ( can?>ides & #d tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,all[ ! bli/] to rema9 = an entire day1 !n wa% (f ) soap & wat] & apply l>d or vasel9e4 ,repeat 9 a c\ple ( weeks if necess>y4 ,if ! lam5ess disappe>s1 give ! horse re/ = sev]al weeks4 ,,hipp$4--,a fracture at ! po9t ( ! hip4 ,! mo/ common cause is /rik+ ! po9t ( ! hip aga9/ a door po/ or pole4 ,sometimes a kick is responsible4 ,:ile recov]y foll[s1 z a rule1 f ! v nature ( ! fracture1 !re is no treatm5t t w rem$y ! brok5 po9t4 ,aft] ! sor5ess has pass$ no inconv5i5ce results2 only a blemi% is obs]v$4 ,,hog ,,*ol]a4--,! t]m hog *ol]a has become q ambigu\s1 p>tly on acc\nt ( new discov]ies conc]n+ ! cause ( ! disease & p>tly on acc\nt ( :at h be5 suppos$ to be two diff]5t b curi\sly relat$ diseases be+ g5]ally includ$ "u ?is g5]al t]m4 ,until )9 a ye> or two we h suppos$ t !re 7 two infecti\s diseases ( hogs recogniz$ "u ! g5]al t]ms ( hog *ol]a & sw9e plague4 ,x n[ seems probable t we w be able to d away ) ! t]m sw9e plague entirely4 ,! disease consid]$ "h answ]s to ! foll[+ requirem5ts3 7a7 ,infecti\s by association or o!r natural exposure2 7b7 ! animal be=e dea? & ! c>cass aft] dea? %[ c]ta9 accept$ symptoms :i* are cle>ly recogniz$ z p]ta9+ to *ol]a2 7c7 ! blood is virul5t & capable ( reproduc+ ! disease on inoculation into susceptible hogs2 7d7 attack & recov]y conf] immunity4 ,x is to be und]/ood t we might easily h diseases among sw9e :]e *>act]i/ic 8a0 or ev5 8b0 might be pres5t & yet ! disease be n true hog *ol]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,attack ,,( ,,*ol]a ,"o ( ! famili> attitudes assum$ :5 ! hog is affect$ ) *ol]a4 ,:5 ?is f> along1 n _m cases ( recov]y are obs]v$4 ,until )9 rec5t ye>s ,am]ican au?orities1 bact]iologi/s & vet]9>ians alike1 h v g5]ally accept$ a c]ta9 g]m1 ! bacillus ( ,salmon & ,smi?1 z ! specific cause ( hog *ol]a & ano!r some:at simil> g]m z ! cause ( :at 0 suppos$ to be a di/9ct b curi\sly relat$ disease--sw9e plague4 ,b )9 a few ye>s work]s 9 ! ,f$]al bureau ( animal indu/ry h app>5tly demon/rat$ t hog *ol]a is caus$ by a liv+ g]m s small t x passes easily ?r\gh g]m filt]s :i* remove all kn[n =ms ( ! bacillus ( ,salmon & ,smi?4 ,x may be int]e/+ to note fur!r t ?is new g]m is s small z to be invisible to ! highe/ available p[]s ( ! be/ microscope4 ,t x is a liv+ organism & n a *emical poison may be v easily demon/rat$4 ,! curi\s relations to ?is disease ( ! old bacilli ( hog *ol]a & ( sw9e plague are n well und]/ood1 b x seems q possible t !y may play "s "p 9 ! lat] developm5t ( ! disease aft] ! disease processes h be5 />t$ by ! invisible g]m4 ,:ile our old !ories & suppos$ in=mation conc]n+ ! cause ( hog *ol]a h be5 v mu* di/urb$ by new] "w1 x is important to rememb] t hog *ol]a is n[ j z mu* z be=e to be recogniz$ z a di/9ctly infecti\s disease4 ,x is important to rememb] also t ?is infection is absolutely necess>y1 or !re c be no *ol]a no matt] h[ susceptible animals may be4 ,!re c be no *ol]a )\t ?is prim>y & specific cause any m ?an !re c be plants 9 our :eat fields )\t ! previ\s pres5ce ( mu/>d se$4 ,conditions ( soil & climate may favor a rank gr[? ( mu/>d4 ,conditions ( fe$ & keep may favor ! developm5t & spread ( hog *ol]a4 ,!y may decrease resi/ance & increase susceptibility1 b _c orig9ally cause ! disease4 ,x is a r common exp]i5ce t hogs kept closely h\s$ & f$1 especially ) su* foods z corn1 (f] less resi/ance ?an d o!r hogs4 ,9 our vacc9e "w we frequ5tly f9d hogs ( ?is type :i* die readily "u inoculation ) blood ( l[ grade virul5ce4 ,hogs ( h>di] type may become slightly sick or n sick at all ) inoculation f ! same infecti\s mat]ial4 ,pamp]$ %[ h]ds appe> especially susceptible to bo? natural infection & artificial inoculation4 ,! f>m]1 & = t matt] ! public 9 g5]al1 %\ld be> 9 m9d t ! cause ( hog *ol]a is a liv+ organism capable ( enorm\sly rapid self-multiplication--actual1 ?\gh v m9ute p>ticles ( matt]4 ,?is1 fully und]/ood1 makes x app>5t t infection may be c>ri$ 9 any way t o!r f9e p>ticles ( matt] may be c>ri$4 ,x ?us becomes v app>5t t ! infection may be c>ri$ by sick hogs or ^u ! legs & bodies ( hogs n sick2 x may be c>ri$ 9 wagon boxes1 9 hog racks1 9 /ock c>s1 or ^u %oes & clo?+ ( p4 ,x is v evid5t t ! infection may be c>ri$ d[n /ream1 especially 9 small creeks1 & give rise to o!r outbreaks4 ,s f> z ! sick hog is conc]n$1 we are q sure t ! blood & ! manure are ?or\ghly infecti\s & !re c be no "q conc]n+ ! infecti\sness ( fre% c>casses ( dead hogs4 ,p]haps we %\ld say fir/ ( all t we r>ely get all ( ! accept$ symptoms ( hog *ol]a pla9ly %[n 9 "o case4 ,x is important to be> 9 m9d t cases v>y 9 virul5ce f ^? ( v *ronic type :]e hogs live = weeks & f9ally die or recov]1 to v acute cases :]e !y die ov]night4 ,! hog com+ d[n ) *ol]a is usually sluggi% at fir/1 ly+ ar\nd 9 ! %ade & refus+ fe$4 ,! hair may become r\gh4 ,! eyes e>ly %[ symptoms ( inflammation1 ) a /icky dis*>ge4 ,!re is usually a suppress$ c\gh4 ,! gait may become irregul> & unc]ta91 especially ) ! h9d legs4 ,aft] ^! prelim9>y symptoms h be5 %[n = a "t1 ! sk9 becomes r$1 *ang+ to purple1 especially noticeable 9 :ite-hair$ hogs4 ,! hog is !n usually )9 a v few days ( dea?4 ,z already expla9$1 n all cases are typical4 ,sometimes hogs die 9 an outbreak ( *ol]a f und\bt$ hog *ol]a1 & yet ! ante mortem or po/ mortem symptoms %[ v little ^u :i* to base a diagnosis4 ,b we may easily demon/rate t ^! 7 cases ( *ol]a by inject+ _! blood into susceptible hogs & by ?us produc+ typical *ol]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,result ,,( ,,hog ,,*ol]a ,a po/ mortem ( a hog dy+ f *ol]a w %[ ulc]s l ^? pictur$ "h4 ,look = !m 9 ! l>ge inte/9e4 ,at ! autopsy ( an ord9>y case ( *ol]a ! fir/ & p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ ?+ se5 is ! purpl+ ( ! sk94 ,on op5+ ! c>cass small blood spots may be f\nd "u ! sk9 & 9 ! fat cut ?r\gh4 ,! gl&s along ! inte/9es are int5sely inflam$4 ,! muc\s membrane ( ! /oma* is frequ5tly ?ick5$ & r\gh5$ & 9 *ronic cases !re may be ulc]s4 ,on op5+ ! inte/9es we see areas "h & !re ( int5se inflammation 9 ! acute cases or num]\s ulc]s 9 cases ( m *ronic type4 ,9 v acute cases we f9d areas int5sely inflam$1 ev5 bloody 9 places4 ,! sl[ *ronic cases develop *>act]i/ic hog *ol]a ulc]s4 ,^! may appe> at almo/ any po9t on ! l9+ membrane1 b m p>ticul>ly 9 ! bl9d p\* & ar\nd ! po9t :]e ! small inte/9e connects ) ! l>ge inte/9e4 ,on /ripp+ (f a v ?9 transp>5t membrane cov]+ ! kidneys1 a typical case ( hog *ol]a w usually %[ m9ute r$ spots on ! surface some:at resembl+ ! cov]+ ( a turkey egg1 :i* gives ! common "n ( turkey egg kidney ( hog *ol]a4 ,prev5t+ ! ,disease4--,cle>ly !re are c]ta9 ?+s :i* ! own] ( heal?y hogs 9 a hog *ol]a di/rict %\ld d & a good _m ?+s :i* he %\ld n d4 ,! same is equally true = ! man :o has sick hogs 9 a neighborhood :]e !re are un9fect$ h]ds4 ,! own] ( heal?y hogs & 8 family %\ld keep away f public /ock y>ds1 f all p5s & y>ds on o!r f>ms :e!r sickness among hogs prevails or n4 ,x may easily occur t a neighbor's hogs may appe> well b h rec5tly receiv$ ! infection & be already capable ( scatt]+ ! disease4 ,we d n "k at :at p]iod 9 ! developm5t ( ?is disease infect$ hogs become capable ( dissem9at+ hog *ol]a4 ,dur+ a hog *ol]a season ! own] ( heal?y hogs %\ld in/itute some?+ 9 ! way ( private qu>ant9e & pleasantly1 p]haps1 b firmly1 ask visitors1 especially /ock buy]s & ?re%+ ma*9e crews1 to keep at a reasonable di/ance f ! p5s & y>ds4 ,x is saf] = "o man to h exclusive c>e ( heal?y hogs dur+ ! hog *ol]a season1 & ?is man %\ld be v c>eful :]e he goes ) ref]5ce to possible infection4 ,special f5c+ or o!r provisions %\ld be made :]ev] practical to keep dogs out ( ! p5s & y>ds1 =1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 dogs become v active ag5ts 9 spread+ ! disease4 ,! own] ( a heal?y h]d %\ld be v c>eful ab\t buy+ 9 hogs = fe$+ or bre$+ purposes1 &1 9 ! ,we/]n /ates especially1 all public /ock y>ds & /ock c>s mu/ be reg>d$ z possible s\rces ( spread4 ,hogs com+ into ! h]d = bre$+ purposes1 if by rail1 %\ld be %ipp$ 9 o!r ?an /ock c>s1 & %\ld n be unload$ s z to g ?r\gh /ock y>ds4 ,all new hogs com+ on to a f>m :]e ! disease has n appe>$1 %\ld be kept c>efully ap>t f ! h]d = f two to ?ree weeks aft] arrival4 ,! disease may ?us h "t to develop1 if ! animals h be5 infect$ be=e %ipm5t or en r\te4 ,x is decid$ly wor? :ile to be c>eful ab\t clean fe$+1 = x seems probable t ?is is a common me?od by :i* infection ent]s ! body4 ,?is be+ ! case1 tr\ghs & fe$+ floors %\ld be frequ5tly dis9fect$ ) /eam1 boil+ wat]1 or a v dilute corrosive sublimate solution 7#a3a1jjj dissolv$ 9 wat]71 ) ! tr\ghs subsequ5tly r9s$ out ) pla9 wat]4 ,or ! tr\ghs & fe$+ floors may be dis9fect$ ) any ( ! coal t> dis9fectants if !y are us$ 9 suffici5t /r5g?4 ,^! are n poison\s 9 any probable quantity :i* hogs w\ld get4 ,a ,disa/r\s ,exp]i5ce4--,! f>m] %\ld be especially c>eful ab\t buy+ hogs out ( /ock y>ds4 ,"s ye>s ago a c]ta9 ,m9nesota f>m] pur*as$ a lot ( fe$]s f ,si\x ,city & took !m home to 8 f>m4 ,9 ab\t two weeks 8 hogs comm5c$ dy+4 ,a little lat] hogs previ\sly on ! f>m began dy+4 ,9 a little :ile he 0 los+ hogs at ! rate ( #be a day1 los+ a total ( ab\t #bjj4 ,?is loss ( #bjj hogs 0 sc>cely a drop 9 ! bucket--too small = consid]ation 9 comp>ison ) ! loss :i* ?is outbreak co/ ! /ate1 =1 ) "s o!rs com+ into ! /ate f ,i[a & ,nebraska1 ?is outbreak co/ ! /ate1 z c>efully e/imat$1 ab\t #a1bej1jjj dur+ t "o ye>4 ,z soon z ! ,m9nesota f>m] "h ref]r$ to realiz$ t he _h *ol]a & 0 liable to lose a l>ge portion ( 8 h]d1 he %ipp$ out a lot ( fat hogs ready = m>ket4 ,^! 7 y>d$ = a "t 9 ! public /ock y>ds ( 8 t[n1 & "o ( !m di$ :ile wait+ = %ipm5t4 ,?is hog 0 left = a day or s 9 ! y>d4 ,lat] a c>load ( fe$+ hogs 0 %ipp$ 9 f a po9t 9 ,s\? ,dakota1 :]e !y _h nev] _h hog *ol]a4 ,^! ,s\? ,dakota hogs 7 unload$ into ! y>ds :]e ! fat hog _h di$ "s "t be=e1 & 7 sold out f !re by auction4 ,x 0 a v int]e/+ /udy to foll[ ! result+ outbreaks2 b a v s]i\s matt] = ! own] & = t entire portion ( ! /ate4 ,practically e f>m] :o b\ght hogs at ?is sale1 & v _m ( ^? :o walk$ ar\nd ! y>ds look+ at ! hogs1 b )\t buy+1 _h hog *ol]a on _! f>ms 9 a v uni=m p]iod aft] ! sale4 ,surely ! moral ( ?is tale is s self-evid5t z to ne$ no fur!r sugge/ion4 ,clean+ ,up4--,tr\ghs & fe$+ floors1 at lea/1 &1 if practicable1 ! hog h\se also1 %\ld be kept clean & frequ5tly dis9fect$ dur+ an outbreak4 ,:5 ! outbreak appe>s to be ov]1 ! own] mu/ decide z to j :at he w d 9 ! way ( dis9fection & clean+ up1 or :e!r he w /ay out ( ! hog bus9ess = a ye> & all[ ! infection to die out4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 )\t reg>d = ! possibility ( putt+ 9 vacc9at$ & immune hogs4 ,fe$+ tr\ghs & fe$+ floors & ! hog h\se 9 g5]al1 may be dis9fect$ if ( reasonably good con/ruction1 by a ?or\gh clean+ & !n by "o ( ! me?ods sugge/$ "u prev5tion4 ,if ! sick hogs h be5 kept 9 an old /raw %$ or 9 an old hog h\se t is ab\t ready to fall d[n anyway1 by all means ! be/ me?od ( dis9fection is by burn+4 ,)\t dis9fection or burn+ ! own] _c be safe 9 putt+ 9 susceptible hogs )9 mu* less ?an a ye> aft] ! la/ hog di$ or recov]$4 ,! sl[ old *ronic cases t g dragg+ ar\nd at ! end ( an outbreak %\ld usually be kill$ & safely buri$1 = x is r>ely pr(itable to put su* hogs 9 %ape = m>ket4 ,x might possibly be wor? :ile to hold su* a "o ov] & nurse !m along1 9 case ( valuable brood s[s1 = hogs hav+ recov]$ f *ol]a are usually immune = life4 ,brood s[s :i* h _h ! disease & recov]$ usually give some?+ m ?an natural immunity to _! (fspr+4 ,b ! degree ( immunity s conf]r$ is s v>iable 9 degree & unc]ta9 o!rwise t x _c be dep5d$ ^u z a r\t9e me?od ( e/abli%+ immune h]ds4 ,y>ds may be practically dis9fect$ by pl[+ or by burn+ (f a good lay] ( /raw4 ,hog ,*ol]a ,vacc9ation4--,g5]ally /at$1 ?is vacc9e consi/s ( two p>ts3 7a7 ,blood s]um f ! body ( a specially immuniz$ hog2 & 7b7 virul5t blood s]um f ! body ( a hog ab\t to die f *ol]a4 ,! g5]al !ory ^u :i* ?is d\ble vacc9e is us$ is t ( giv+ ! animal an infecti\s disease & at ! same "t a treatm5t :i* enables ! animal to resi/ ! infection4 ,:5 ! hog is ?r\gh ) x he is 9 exactly ! same condition z ?\gh he _h gone ?r\gh a natural exposure & recov]$4 ,g5]al ,me?od4--,we />t ?is "w ) c]ta9 hogs t are immune usually because !y h pass$ ?r\gh an outbreak4 ,x has be5 %[n t :5 su* immune hogs are treat$ ) l>ge injections ( virul5t blood "u ! sk9 or into a ve91 t !y d n usually become sick1 b _! own blood develops a peculi> prop]ty t gives protection to o!r hogs t are naturally susceptible4 ,:5 ! blood or r blood s]um f ?is specially treat$ immune hog is inject$ into ! bodies ( heal?y susceptible hogs1 ! latt] becomes likewise immune1 b ! immunity s ga9$ la/s only a %ort "t1 possibly f\r to six weeks1 & is !n gradually lo/4 ,if we give a small injection ( virul5t blood at ! same "t1 or soon aft] ! immuniz+ s]um is giv51 !n ! treat$ hog becomes immune = a long p]iod1 p]haps = life4 ,! ,s]um ,hog4--,! specially immuniz$ hog :i* produces ?is immuniz+ s]um is kn[n z a hyp]immune1 & to save words w be h]eaft] m5tion$ z su*4 ,! simply immune hog may be prep>$ = produc+ s]um 9 ei!r "o ( ?ree ways4 7#a7 ,by ?ree rapidly increas+ doses ( virul5t blood s]um inject$ "u ! sk9 at int]vals ( sev5 to t5 days2 7#b7 by "o enorm\sly l>ge injection ( virul5t s]um "u ! sk92 7#c7 by inject+ virul5t blood 9 small] doses directly into ! blood circulation4 ,9 ?is "w an ord9>y immune hog weigh+ #ajj p\nds is giv5 a qu>t ( v virul5t blood1 a teaspoon ( :i* simil>ly inject$ w\ld kill a hog t 0 n immune4 ,9 o!r words ! immune1 & especially ! hyp]immune hog1 h develop$ c]ta9 prop]ties 9 _! blood antagoni/ic to hog *ol]a virus4 ,vacc9ation4--,we h two possible me?ods ( vacc9at+ or immuniz+ susceptible hogs 7a7 ,s]um only4 ,?is is by ! injection "u ! sk9 ( s]um f ! body ( a hyp]immune hog & gives imm$iate b tempor>y immunity la/+1 z already /at$1 sev]al weeks4 ,if ?is animal1 dur+ ! p]iod ( immunity1 is expos$ to natural infection1 he becomes protect$ = a v long p]iod1 p]haps = life4 7b7 ,simultane\s4 ,! second me?od ( vacc9ation consi/s ( inject+ immuniz+ blood s]um into "o ?igh & a small am\nt ( disease-produc+ s]um at ! same "t1 or soon aft]1 into ! o!r ?igh1 ?us giv+ ! animal ! *ol]a & a cure = x at ! same "t4 ,if ! immuniz+ s]um is pot5t & ! virul5t s]um is really virul5t1 !n ! animal s treat$ becomes p]man5tly immune4 ,! s]um-only me?od is usually pref]r$ 9 actual outbreaks & = hogs n yet sick1 because ?is gives imm$iate protection1 & ! hogs1 be+ naturally expos$1 usually develop a p]man5t immunity4 ,! simultane\s me?od ( vacc9ation is pref]r$ :]e we are v confid5t ( ! s]um's pot5cy aga9/ ! virul5t blood1 & = hogs t h n yet be5 infect$4 ,x may yet be f\nd wise to use ?is me?od ev5 9 outbreaks4 ,vacc9ation ,does ,n ,spread ,*ol]a4--,e intellig5t /ockman :o reads ?is w probably ask if !re is n dang] ( scatt]+ *ol]a by ?is simultane\s vacc9ation into di/ricts :]e x has n yet appe>$4 ,a consid]able am\nt ( direct evid5ce on ?is po9t is bett] ?an any am\nt ( !oriz+ & p]sonal op9ions4 ,?is evid5ce all agrees t unless ! vacc9at$ hogs become di/9ctly sick z a result ( ! vacc9ation 7:i* c occur1 & does v (t571 t !re is practically no dang] ( dissem9at+ ! disease4 ,?is is especially true s9ce all hogs on ! f>m are suppos$ to h be5 treat$ & are immune1 &1 !re=e1 incapable ( develop+ *ol]a & s spread+ ! disease4 ,x does occur1 ev5 ) good s]um1 p]haps1 t an occasional hog may become a little sick1 & v r>ely ev5 die1 z a result ( vacc9ation4 ,b ) good s]um giv5 9 /&>d dose & virul5t blood also giv5 9 prop] dose1 ! risk ( ?is is s small t x may be safely disreg>d$ & especially :5 all hogs on ! f>m or t may be expos$ ) su* sick hogs h be5 treat$4 ,,holl[ ,,horn4--,a common t]m to d5ote a diseas$ condition ( ! blood4 ,! horn is n holl[ & nev] is4 ,! old quack me?od ( bor+ a hole 9 ! horn ) a gimlet & squirt+ turp5t9e into ! orifice is bo? cruel & ridicul\s4 ,:ile 9 fact ! temp]ature ( ! horn is l[1 x is because ( ! g5]al pov]ty ( ! blood ( ! animal4 ,!re is no m]it 9 ?is k9d ( treatm5t4 ,! mo/ common symptoms are g5]al debility1 scanty fle%1 scurvy coat & co>se hair4 ,! appetite is also irregul> & at times gre$y4 ,treatm5t is 9 l9e ( bett] food & g5]al improvem5t ( ! sy/em4 ,if lice are f\nd on ! body1 !y mu/ be de/roy$ by dis9fectants & wa%es4 ,a tonic1 consi/+ ( #b teaspoonfuls ( sulphate ( iron1 #a teaspoonful ( p[d]$ nux vomica & #d tablespoonfuls ( gr\nd g5tian root giv5 ea* day 9 ! food or z a dr5*1 w be v helpful 9 ton+ up ! sy/em & 9 enri*+ ! blood4 ,! mo/ important factor ( ! treatm5t1 h[ev]1 is 9 nutriti\s1 :olesome food4 ,,ho( ,,cracks4--,see ,s& ,cracks4 ,,horn ,,fly4--,a small insect ab\t half z l>ge z ! common h\se flies1 & v mu* l !m 9 appe>ance4 ,horn flies sw>m ab\t ! head & settle ne> ! base ( ! horn1 :]e !y bite & cause mu* irritation4 ,!y also attack cattle on ! back & sides & flank4 ,! fly mixtures t are commonly adv]tis$1 & appli$ by means ( a h&-spray1 are excell5t = keep+ ! pe/s away4 ,a good home mixture to apply at ! base ( ! horns is made ( p9e t>1 k]os5e1 & fi% oil4 ,use ?is 9 equal p>ts1 & apply ) a bru%4 ,,hov54--,see ,bloat+ 9 ,cattle4 ,,hydrocephalus4--,see ,wat] 9 ! ,bra94 ,,hydrophobia1 also call$ rabies & mad dog1 is an infecti\s disease caus$ by "s invisible organism4 ,! disease is transmitt$ f "o animal to ano!r by ! bite ( an animal :i* is suff]+ ) ! disease or by direct inoculation4 ,x is m common 9 ! dog ?an any o!r animal1 f ! fact t dogs run at l>ge & h a t5d5cy to bite o!r dogs ) :i* !y come 9 contact :ile !y are suff]+ ) ! disease4 ,! dog %[s two =ms1 furi\s & dumb4 ,9 ! furi\s =m ! animal at fir/ seeks d>k places1 b is usually re/less & w move f "o place to ano!r4 ,?is condition la/s = a day or two1 aft] :i* "t he becomes m re/less & may g #cj miles 9 a day4 ,he w dr9k wat]1 eat /icks1 /ones1 & bite o!r dogs1 horses1 & cattle1 less (t5 man4 ,?is condition w la/ f "o to f\r days1 & !n ! dog becomes p>tly p>alyz$1 s t he c no long] swall[1 or 8 legs may be affect$1 s t he w lie 9 "o place1 & usually dies aft] a few days long]4 ,9 ! dumb =m1 ! animal seeks d>k places1 is r re/less1 ! ?roat & l[] jaw become p>alyz$1 he is unable to swall[ or to close 8 m\? &1 !re=e1 _c bite4 ,sometimes !y w *ange f "o =m ( symptoms to ! o!r4 ,9 ! horse ! symptoms v>y some:at f ^? 9 ! dog4 ,! horse is re/less1 usually viol5t & w kick & bite1 (t5times %[+ sexual excitem5t4 ,he may break 8 tee? on ! mang] & (t5times bites 8 own fle% at ! place :]e he has be5 bitt5 by ! dog4 ,! symptoms usually develop 9 f eight to tw5ty-eight days aft] ! animal is bitt51 b may n develop = six mon?s4 ,! disease runs its c\rse 9 f two to t5 days1 ) a fatal t]m9ation4 ,!re is no treatm5t = ! disease aft] ! symptoms h develop$4 ,9 case man is bitt5 he %\ld take ! 8,pa/eur0 treatm5t1 :i* is a prev5tive1 & x %\ld be tak5 9 a v %ort "t aft] be+ bitt54 ,aft] ! symptoms beg9 to %[ x is too late to take treatm5t4 ,,hydro?orax4--,see ,wat] 9 ! ,*e/4 ,,impaction ,,( ,,rum54--,a cont9u$ di/5tion ( ! rum5 caus$ by l>ge quantities ( undige/$ mat]ial lodg+ 9 ! rum54 ,inflammation (t5 results1 ) di/ress & pa9 manife/4 ,if relief is n atta9$ ! walls ( ! rum5 become p>alyz$4 ,associat$ ) ! di/urbances ! animal is dull1 ! left side swoll51 ! brea?+ & pulse increase & ! back a*es4 ,:5 ly+ d[n1 ! left side is always up4 ,9 treat+1 cold wat] da%$ ov] ! back & lo9s is recomm5d$4 ,a /rong physic ( ,epsom salts & g+] w aid 9 /imulat+ ! secretions & may br+ relief4 ,if gas accumulates s z to ?reat5 ! life ( ! animal1 ! troc> & canula %\ld be us$4 ,if ^! are n available1 use ! knife1 z describ$ = hov5 or bloat4 ,9 "s cases ! impaction becomes s pron\nc$ z to resi/ ord9>y treatm5t1 :5 extreme measures w be necess>y if ! animal is to be sav$4 ,bett] call y\r vet]9>ian & op5 ! rum5 9 ord] to remove ! cont5ts ) ! h&4 ,! op]ation is z foll[s3 ,at ! po9t midway betwe5 ! po9t ( ! hip & ! la/ rib1 & d[n ab\t f\r in*es f ! backbone1 an op5+ is made l>ge en\gh to admit ! h&4 ,aft] ! op5+ is made ! edges are /it*$ to prev5t any mat]ial f gett+ betwe5 ! sk9 & ! rum5 wall4 ,n[ remove ! great] "p ( ! accumulat$ mat]ial2 ?is done1 ! rum51 ! muscles & ! sk9 are ea* 9 turn /it*$1 ! w\nd dress$ & ! animal giv5 /imulat+ m$ic9es4 ,a spl5did tonic consi/s ( #d tablespoonfuls ea* ( g+]1 t9cture ( g5tian & t9cture ( iron4 ,give ?is tonic daily & until ! animal has fully recov]$4 ,,indige/ion4--,failure to dige/ food ) abdom9al pa9s & indisposition result+4 ,bad food & improp] managem5t are back ( ! tr\ble 9 mo/ in/ances4 ,mild cases require no treatm5t4 ,a light1 laxative diet is desirable = /ubborn cases4 ,if possible turn ! animals on fre% grass4 ,jamaica g+] is g5]ally prescrib$ = indige/ion4 ,give #h tablespoonfuls 9 a p9t ( w>m wat] ?ree times a day z a dr5*4 ,foll[ ?is ) condition p[d]s1 or "s good dige/ive tonic4 ,aft] recov]y see t ! diet is v>i$ & t laxative & succul5t foods are suppli$4 ,,infecti\s ,,pneumonia4--,z ! "n indicates1 ?is is an infecti\s tr\ble frequ5tly ext5d+ ov] consid]able areas & occurs among bo? horses & cattle4 ,x is v simil> 9 its action to ord9>y pneumonia or inflammation ( ! lungs4 ,h[ev]1 x does n seem to be s acute 9 its action4 ,! same treatm5t is appli$ to cases ( ?is k9d z to ord9>y pneumonia4 ,:5 its pres5ce becomes kn[n1 x is wise to remove all heal?y animals to "s o!r qu>t]s4 ,?is less5s ! dang] ( infection to heal?y animals4 ,aft] ! disease has run its c\rse1 remove all litt] & manure f ! /ables1 ?or\ghly air out1 admit z mu* sunlight z possible1 & dis9fect all walls & floors4 ,a coat ( :itewa% on ! ceil+ & walls is desirable4 ,! floors %\ld be lit]ally wet ) dis9fectant fluid1 :i* %\ld be admitt$ to all cracks & op5 spaces4 ,,infecti\s ,,anemia ,,9 ,,horses4--,see ,swamp ,fev]4 ,,inflammation ,,( ,,! ,,b[els4--,sometimes ?is disease is call$ ent]itis4 ,x frequ5tly foll[s sev]e cases ( colic4 ,x is ! result ( inflammation caus$ by indige/ible mat]ial lodg+ 9 ! /oma* & inte/9es ( animals4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 result f o!r ?+s t irritate ! b[els4 ,:5 fir/ notic$1 a g5]al depression prevails1 ) signs ( pa9 9 ! b[els2 brea?+ is quick5$ & frequ5tly a *ill %[s itself4 ,! horse acts v mu* z if he _h a case ( colic4 ,z ! disease progresses ! pa9 increases & ! pulse rises4 ,9 a few h\rs ! pa9 becomes v sev]e & ! animal is 9 great agony all ov]2 he brea!s heavy1 ! legs & e>s are cold & clammy & ! pulse v high4 ,9 sev]e cases ! pulse rea*es to #ajj & #aje beats a m9ute4 ,! horse n[ is v ill inde$4 ,he %[s great weakness4 ,x is v unlikely t he w survive m ?an a day or two4 ,! disease usually runs f t5 to fifte5 h\rs1 & unless !re is a *ange = ! bett]1 dea? results4 ,:5 f> advanc$ !re is little likelihood ( successful treatm5t4 ,success lies only 9 e>ly "w1 tak+ ! disease 9 "t4 ,a satisfactory dr5* is made ( #d tablespoonfuls ( t9cture ( laudanum1 #aj to #ae drops ( t9cture ( aconite1 #a tablespoonful ( common soda1 & #a tablespoonful ( g+]4 ,^! are mix$ 9 a p9t ( w>m wat] & giv5 z a dr5*4 ,repeat ?is e h\r until ! animal gets relief4 ,a mu/>d pla/] gives relief :5 appli$ to ! belly4 ,a physic is n consid]$ advisable1 z x increases ! inflammation--j :at is n want$ at all4 ,! mo/ rational treatm5t consi/s 9 allay+ ! pa94 ,opium 9 teaspoonful doses e h\r until ! pa9 is reliev$ is helpful4 ,"s vet]9>y practition]s use #aj gra9s ( morphia & #d tablespoonfuls ( *loral hydrate 9 syrup & wat] = ea* dose4 ,?is dose is repeat$ e two or ?ree h\rs until ! symptoms abate4 ,! diet %\ld be c>efully wat*$ 9 diseases ( ?is k9d4 ,bran ma%es made ) l9se$ tea or slipp]y elm b>k are suitable4 ,boil$ food is bett] ?an uncook$ food4 ,good wat] frequ5tly & 9 small quantities is desirable4 ,skimm$ milk is excell5t & may be f$ = a week or two at a "t4 ,?is food (t5 effects a cure )\t any o!r aid4 ,,inflammation ,,( ,,! ,,lungs4--,?is is a common disease 9 f>m /ock4 ,! disease occurs mo/ frequ5tly 9 late fall or w9t] or e>ly spr+1 & is due to exposure :ile ! animal is /ill w>m & hot2 bad v5tilation influ5ces x4 ,au?orities n[ g5]ally believe x to be a g]m disease & infecti\s4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s notic$ is ! %iv]+ ( ! animal & !n a fev]$ condition2 ! animal seems to be hot1 !n cold2 a peculi> brea?+ is notic$2 ! pulse quick5s1 ranges f #fj to #gj beats a m9ute2 ! eyelids on ! inside take a sc>let hue4 ,! animal does n eat1 /&s up mu* ( ! "t ) ! head d[n & ! e>s lopp$ ov]2 a grat+ s\nd is notic$ :5 ! e> is plac$ to ! *e/4 ,frequ5tly di/ress is exp]i5c$ 9 ! b[els2 con/ipation foll[s & ! temp]ature rises gradually until x rea*es #aje degrees1 :i* is rea*$ ab\t ! six? or sev5? day4 ,if recov]y does n foll[ ! appetite w disappe>1 ! m\? become cold1 ! brea? heavy & disagreeable & ! pulse feeble1 frequ5tly n noticeable at all4 ,aft] ! case assumes a m favorable aspect1 an ef=t %\ld be made to keep ! animal com=table & 9 z good condition z possible4 ,x is !re=e advisable to keep x well blanket$1 ! legs b&ag$ & rubb$4 ,! pati5t %\ld be kept also 9 a w>m /all :]e good air is available4 ,good food t is n\ri%+ & easily dige/$ %\ld be provid$4 ,sweet milk is good1 & raw eggs mix$ 9 ! gruel are excell5t also4 ,a compress ov] ! lungs does mu* good4 ,! compress %\ld be made out ( heavy clo?1 frequ5tly r9s$ 9 cold wat] & !n plac$ ov] ! lungs :]e !y are cov]$ ) heavy1 dry clo?s4 ,on recov]y1 rub ! sides ( ! *e/ s z to ?or\ghly dry ! surface4 ,a mu/>d pla/]1 aft] ! compress has be5 remov$1 is q g5]ally us$4 ,a /imulat+ m$ic9e may be giv5 dur+ ! e>ly /ages4 ,use a dr5*1 consi/+ ( #h tablespoonfuls ( :iskey to #d tablespoonfuls ( sweet spirits ( nit]4 ,if ! animal is 9 v great di/ress1 give a dr5* e two or ?ree h\rs consi/+ ( #h to #aj drops ( ,flem+'s t9cture ( aconite1 #b tablespoonfuls ( laudanum mix$ ) a p9t ( cold wat]4 ,aft] ! animal is on ! road to recov]y1 /op ! use ( ^! m$ic9es & give a tonic consi/+ ( nitrate ( pota% or saltpet] & gr\nd g5tian root1 half & half4 ,give a teaspoonful ?ree times a day4 ,:ile ! animal is sick1 a little boil$ flaxse$ mix$ ) a s(t food w keep ! b[els regul>4 ,x is n wise to give purgatives1 h5ce x is wise to give an injection consi/+ ( w>m soapy wat]1 s z to empty ! b[els4 ,f two to f\r weeks ( re/ & c>e %\ld be all[$ = complete recov]y4 ,,influ5za4--,a specific disease ( ! horse affect+ ! muc\s membrane ( ! air passages4 ,:5 ! muc\s membrane ( ! eyelids is affect$1 p9k eye results4 ,sometimes ! muc\s membrane ( ! inte/9es is affect$1 9 :i* case colic or inflammation ( ! b[els results4 ,! common cause is exposure to cold4 ,if no "w be requir$1 pl5ty ( fre% air be suppli$1 no drafts admitt$ & c>eful nurs+ o!rwise1 ! disease w run its c\rse 9 f two to ?ree weeks & no m$ic9es w be necess>y4 ,9 cases :]e consid]able c\gh prevails1 ! cu/om ( putt+ a piece ( camphor ab\t ! size ( an egg 9 a pail ( boil+ wat] & hold+ ! horse's head ov] x f a qu>t] to a half h\r at a "t is to be comm5d$4 ,! b[els %\ld be kept free & op54 ,any ( ! ord9>y purgatives w d4 ,if weakness occurs1 give #d tablespoonfuls ea* ( t9cture ( g+]1 gr\nd g5tian root & sweet spirits ( nit] 9 a half p9t ( wat] ?ree times a day4 ,two tablespoonfuls ( nitrate ( potassium giv5 once or twice ea* day 9 ! dr9k+ wat] is also desirable4 ,z ! tr\ble abates1 ! m$ic9es sugge/$ be=e may be dropp$ & 9 _! place a teaspoonful ( sulphate ( iron & a tablespoonful ( gr\nd g5tian root may be giv5 daily 9 a bran ma% or oatmeal gruel4 ,,inte/9al ,,worms ,,9 ,,horses4--,inte/9al worms may be class$ z l>ge & small4 ,! l>ge worms inhabit ! small inte/9es1 & ! small ones ! l>ge inte/9es1 ! l>g] class ( worms be+ m readily rea*$ by worm de/roy]s ?an are ! small] ones1 z ! small inte/9es beg9 at ! /oma* & z rem$ies leave ! /oma*1 ! worm soon receives ! dose prep>$ = x1 :ile if "o dose has to pass ?r\gh ab\t #fj feet ( inte/9es be=e rea*+ ! small] worms 9 ! l>g] inte/9es1 mu* ( ! worm rem$y is lo/ by m+l+ ) ! food1 & dilut$ by mix+ ) ! dige/ive fluids4 ,?us :at is a rem$y = ! l>ge species ( worms w h little effect ^u ! small] ones4 ,z a f>m]'s dose = ! l>g] species ( worms1 none1 p]haps1 is bett] ?an ! foll[+3 ,oil ( turp5t9e1 #b ounces2 extract or oil ( male f]n1 "o half ounce1 mix$ ) #d ounces ( ca/or oil & #h ounces ( pure raw l9se$ oil1 ) half a p9t ( new milk1 & giv5 aft] ! horse has fa/$ = ab\t #ad h\rs4 ,repeat ! dose 9 a week2 !n foll[ ) two worm p[d]s1 common smok+ tobacco1 eight ounces2 p[d]$ worm se$1 #f ounces2 p[d]$ sulphate ( iron1 #d ounces2 mix ) "o-half p\nd ea* ( salt & granulat$ sug>4 ,e morn+ be=e ! horse is f$ any o!r food1 place a heap+ tablespoonful ( ! p[d] 9 f\r qu>ts ( wet :eat bran & all[ ! horse to eat x2 cont9ue = t5 days & ! horse w be practically rid ( worms ( ! l>g] species4 ,colts %\ld receive small] doses 9 proportion to age4 ,! small worms ne$ ! worm p[d] to be giv5 9 ! :eat bran e morn+ = fully two weeks4 ,!n foll[ ) an ounce dose ( b>badoes aloes & a tablespoonful ( g+] giv5 by mix+ ) ab\t #ab ounces ( w>m wat] & a gill ( common molasses2 wait a week & repeat ! p[d] treatm5t & foll[ ) ! aloes4 ,9 a case ( ! v small or rectal worms 7p9 worms7 always use rectal injections1 a good enema be+ made by /eep+ = two h\rs "o p\nd ( quassia *ips 9 a gallon ( s(t wat]2 /ra9 & add two ounces ( common h>d soap2 use ! :ole at once1 us+ at ab\t blood temp]ature aft] ! soap has dissolv$4 ,repeat 9 ?ree days & cont9ue z long z worms are be+ br\ght away by ! enemas4 ,,inte/9al ,,worms ,,9 ,,%eep4--,see ,/oma* & ,inte/9al ,worms 9 ,%eep4 ,,it*4--,see ,scab 9 ,cattle4 ,,jaundice4--,until ( rec5t date ! disease 9 ! human s common at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye> 0 unkn[n among animals1 or1 at lea/1 if pres5t _h nev] be5 discov]$ by ! vet]9>y pr(ession4 ,b be t z x may1 we are n[ f9d+ x 9 pl5ty among horses ( all ages1 f colts up to ag$ horses2 v preval5t among %eep1 & q frequ5t among cattle4 ,! e>ly writ]s on vet]9>y sci5ce usually attribut$ ! cause to gall /ones4 ,b t !ory c h>dly be t5able 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e we f9d x ess5tially m preval5t on l[1 m>%y soils or on ! hill l&s t h be5 long unpl[$1 :]e animals are pa/ur$1 or hays are cut4 ,! g5]al symptoms ( x are a g5]al dullness1 hang+ ( ! head z ?\gh x a*$1 or press+ ! head1 if ! animal be a bov9e or %eep1 aga9/ ! b>n or /all4 ,! tongue w be f\nd dry or cov]$ ) a ?ick1 /icky slime4 ,! membranes ( ! eyeball ( a yell[i% ca/4 ,9 horses ! tongue w usually h a black coat+4 ,! appetite 9 all animals is caprici\s4 ,!y w eat well "o day & sc>cely t\* food ! next4 ,z a rule1 !y w manife/ great ?ir/1 yet w dr9k b little4 ,!re are exceptions to ?is1 h[ev]4 ,! void+s are n uni=m4 ,sometime ! ur9e is q high color$2 at o!r times n4 ,b1 z a rule1 x is scanty4 ,! feces are sometimes q h>d & cov]$ ) a %9y slime4 ,at o!r times !re w be extreme loos5ess ( ! evacuations4 ,^! la/ symptoms are to be well consid]$ 9 us+ a treatm5t :5 ! void+s are h>d & slimy4 ,9 case x is a horse t is ail+1 a physic ( aloes %\ld be giv51 "o ounce be+ ! dose = a ?\s& p\nds ( horse1 & two teaspoonfuls ( podophyl94 ,give ?is dissolv$ 9 wat] & p\r d[n z a dr5*1 & foll[ ) a bitt] tonic = f two to f\r weeks1 or until ! void+s are normal & all scurf is remov$ f ! tongue4 ,z a tonic = ?is none is bett] ?an a mixture ( p[d]$ g5tian root1 six ounces1 p[d]$ gold5 seal #b ounces1 p[d]$ sulphate ( iron #d ounces1 well mix$ 9 #a p\nd ( common salt4 ,give 9 ! fe$ a tablespoonful 9 gr\nd oats ?ree times a day1 until improvem5t takes place4 ,!n drop to twice a day & lat] once a day4 ,9 case ( ! b[els be+ v loose always give a p9t dose ( a mixture ( ca/or oil #d ounces1 pure raw l9se$ oil #ab ounces4 ,!n foll[ ) ! tonic p[d] nam$4 ,! symptoms 9 cattle are q simil> to ^? ( ! horse1 except ! bov9e's eyes usually dis*>ge "s1 yet n pr(usely1 & !re are frequ5tly puffy swell+s b5ea? _! l[] jaws4 ,9 case _! b[els are abnormally loose1 give ! oil z = ! horse4 ,if con/ipat$ give f "o to two p\nds ( ,epsom salts at "o dose z ! physic1 ) ! podophyl9 add$ z = ! horse1 & foll[ ) ! same tonic p[d]4 ,9 ! case ( %eep1 :i* are by nature con/ipat$ animals1 no?+ equals a t5-gra9 dose ( calomel1 foll[$ ! next day ) a f\r or six-ounce dose ( ,epsom salts 7sulphate ( magnesia71 & z %eep are reluctant to eat any tonics 9 _! fe$1 we are compell$ to p\r _! m$ic9e d[n !m4 ,mix toge!r #d ounces ea* ( ! t9cture ( g5tian1 gold5 seal1 g+] & iron1 & give a tablespoonful twice a day 9 a half p9t ( wat]4 ,b always give ! calomel1 z x w clean out ! liv] ( a %eep z no o!r kn[n ag5t w4 ,! symptoms are mu* ! same z 9 cattle4 ,beg9 treatm5t e>ly or success w n foll[4 ,,kidney ,,worms4--,! hog is mo/ly affect$ ) ^! worms1 al?\gh !y h be5 f\nd 9 ! dog also4 ,dea? does n1 z a rule1 foll[ ! infe/ation unless 9 an aggravat$ =m4 ,obvi\sly !re is no rem$y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kidney ,,worms ,,9 ,,! ,,hog ,:ile worms are occasionally f\nd 9 ! kidneys1 !y d n frequ5tly cause disease or dea?4 ,,knee ,,sprung4--,a condition 9 :i* ! knees b5d =w>d z ! result ( contraction ( t5dons locat$ along ! back ( ! leg4 ,9 aggravat$ cases ! t5dons %\ld be cut4 ,if ?is is to be done only a skill$ surgeon %\ld be all[$ to p]=m ! op]ation4 ,,lam9itis4--,see ,f\nd]4 ,,lice4--,f>m animals1 especially ^? h\s$ 9 /ables m or less infe/$ ) insects & v]m91 are commonly tr\bl$ ) lice4 ,animals 9 good heal? resi/ ! insects1 b ^? already 9 a non-?rifty condition d n f>e s well4 ,lice cause a good deal ( annoyance to f>m /ock1 inasmu* z !y bite ! sk91 suck out blood1 & ?us cause consid]able irritation4 ,lice c be se5 ) ! nak$ eye4 ,infe/ation1 z a rule1 takes place 9 fil?y qu>t]s1 & ! be/ means ( dis9fect+ su* places is by ! use ( a spray ( k]os5e4 ,"o ( ! be/ means ( apply+ ?is to hogs consi/s 9 rubb+ po/s1 :i* are con/antly sme>$ ) k]os5e4 ,9 ?is way ! hogs are induc$ to treat !mselves4 ,infect$ hogs may also be treat$ by p\r+ ! k]os5e directly ov] ! infe/$ p>ts1 l ! neck1 %\ld] & back4 ,dipp+ tanks made ( cem5t or wood are frequ5tly locat$ 9 ! run-y>ds1 9 :i* is plac$ "s dis9fectant fluid4 ,hogs use ^! small tanks z wall[s1 & 9 ?is way !y dis9fect !mselves4 ,= horses & cattle a good rem$y is made z foll[s3 ,boil = an h\r #h tablespoonfuls ( ars5ic1 #h tablespoonfuls ( soda a% & #af tablespoonfuls ( s(t soap 9 two gallons ( wat]4 ,aft] be+ prep>$ by boil+1 add en\gh wat] to make two gallons4 ,:5 cool1 wet ! animal all ov] ) a little ( x1 us+ a bru% or currycomb to get x into ! sk94 ,ano!r good rem$y is made ( boil+ /avesacre se$s1 #a "p to #bj p>ts ( wat]1 = an h\r & let x simm] = ano!r h\r2 !n add wat] to make x up to ! orig9al bulk4 ,?is appli$ to ! affect$ p>ts br+s quick relief4 ,x is advisable to repeat ! application 9 a week or t5 days1 s z to cat* any new lice f any eggs t 7 n caught by ! fir/ application4 ,a v common treatm5t is secur$ by mix+ a p9t ( l9se$ oil1 #h tablespoonfuls ( oil ( t>1 & #h tablespoonfuls ( sulphur4 ,?is is !n rubb$ on ! affect$ p>ts once a day = two days & all[$ to rema9 = a few days1 aft] :i* x is wa%$ (f ) soap & wat]4 ,9 s]i\s cases1 ! application %\ld be repeat$ )9 a week or s4 ,,liv] ,,flukes4--,^! are p>asites usually f\nd 9 ! liv] or its ducts4 ,at times !y are pres5t 9 great numb]s1 giv+ rise to a s]i\s disease call$ liv] rot4 ,:5 ! f]tiliz$ eggs are dis*>g$ 9 ! excrem5t ( diseas$ animals & fall 9 fre% wat] !y hat* out & are tak5 into ! body by %eep & cattle1 ei!r 9 ! food or dr9k4 ,9 a %ort "t !reaft] !y h entr5*$ !mselves 9 ! liv] ( cattle or %eep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,liv] ,,fluke ,a few liv] flukes 9 an animal causes little tr\ble1 z ! injury is l>gely me*anical anyway4 ,no peculi> symptoms are conspicu\s :5 only a few flukes are pres5t4 ,! greate/ damage is done :5 hundr$s ( flukes develop 9 a s+le individual4 ,9 ^! cases ! fl[ ( ! bike is *eck$4 ,z result ! heal? becomes impair$ & ! usual p5alties ( malnutrition foll[4 ,swell+ ( ! jaws & di>rha are (t5 notic$ 9 connection ) ! disease4 ,:5 ! ho/ is badly infect$ ) ! flukes & 9 a badly run-d[n condition ! tr\ble is always s]i\s1 & m$ic9al treatm5t is ( little real value4 ,tonics & good food may be giv5 to help along--b dea? usually foll[s4 ,salt is helpful z ! flukes are s5sitive to x4 ,if an animal t has succumb$ to ! disease be exam9$1 ! liv] w be obs]v$ to be fairly rott5 z a result ( ! inroads ( ! p>asites4 ,treatm5t is 9 l9e ( prev5tion only4 ,clean1 pure fre% wat]1 free ( ! eggs or ! p>asites1 is necess>y if ! tr\ble is to be eradicat$4 ,! old ponds1 ord9>ily fill$ ) /agnant wat]1 %\ld be dra9$4 ,!y h>bor _m bad p>asites1 & _! h>m is f> beyond _! value4 ,:5 wat] = %eep & cattle is tak5 f pure /reams or wells ! tr\ble f liv] flukes & o!r p>asites is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,,lockjaw4--,?is disease1 v frequ5tly call$ tetanus1 is an infecti\s disease 9 :i* ! body muscles are spasmodically contract$ or /iff5$4 ,! muscles t move ! jaw are frequ5tly affect$ & ! animal is unable to op5 ! m\?4 ,because ( ?is condition ! disease is commonly kn[n z lockjaw4 ,! spread ( ! disease does n occur ?r\gh heal?y animals com+ 9 contact ) animals hav+ tetanus1 b by inoculation4 ,! g]m ( tetanus is pres5t 9 ! soil1 manure & du/4 ,x ent]s ! body by way ( w\nds1 especially punctur$ & bruis$ w\nds4 ,! injury may result f /epp+ on a nail1 & ! g]ms are plant$ 9 ! deep] /ructures ( ! foot4 ,su* a w\nd usually has poor dra9age1 ! horn ( ! ho( clos+ ! m\? or op5+4 ,"h ! g]ms gr[ & produce a poison\s tox9 t is said to be ! mo/ p[]ful produc$ by any bact]ia4 ,?is tox9 acts on ! n]ve c5t]s ( ! bra9 & sp9al cord1 caus+ ext5sive spasmodic contraction ( ! body muscles4 ,tetanus sometimes occurs 9 ! abs5ce ( any noticeable w\nd4 ,x may be 9 su* cases t ! seat ( ! infection is a slight abrasion ( ! sk91 or ! l9+ membranes ( ! respiratory & dige/ive tracts4 ,! tetanus bacillus is a sl5d]1 spore-produc+ bact]ium4 ,! spore is locat$ at "o end ( ! rod 9 ! =m ( a r\nd head1 t gives ! organism a p9 %ape1 h5ce ! "n ( p9 bacillus4 ,x is v resi/ant to outside conditions & ! action ( ! *emical dis9fectants4 ,x is because ( its ability to resi/ ! action ( dis9fectants & ! fact t x develops be/ :5 protect$ or cov]$ by ! tissues & w\nd secretions1 t ?is disease s (t5 foll[s ord9>y w\nd treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lockjaw ,note ! rigid1 t5se position ( ! muscles4 ,f a few days to sev]al weeks may lapse f ! "t ( infection ) ! g]ms until ! developm5t ( ! /iffness & spasms4 ,sometimes ! w\nd by :i* ! organism has ent]$ ! tissues has heal$ be=e ! symptoms ( tetanus are manife/$4 ,9 case ! symptoms develop a few days aft] ! inoculation ! disease is sev]e or acute 9 =m1 & less viol5t or subacute if ! symptoms are manife/$ aft] ! second week4 ,! above /atem5t does n hold true 9 all cases1 b x may be consid]$ true 9 a g5]al way4 ,( ! dome/ic animals ! horse is ! mo/ commonly affect$4 ,! symptoms %[n by ?is animal are v *>act]i/ic4 ,any p]son t has _h ! opportunity to see & exam9e a horse suff]+ f tetanus %\ld h no tr\ble 9 recogniz+ ! disease 9 o!r animals4 ,! ,*>act]i/ic ,symptom is ! spasmodic contraction ( ! muscles4 ,?is may v>y 9 ! diff]5t individuals1 dep5d+ on ! susceptibility ( ! animal & ! quantity ( poison\s tox9 pres5t 9 ! sy/em4 ,!re is at fir/ a slight /iffness ( ! muscles ( ! back1 neck1 head1 & limbs1 & ! animal is m n]v\s ?an common4 ,a noise 9 ! /able or a slap ) ! h& may increase ! /iffness & contractions tempor>ily4 ,! contract$ condition ( ! muscles ( ! eye1 are1 p]haps1 ! mo/ noticeable e>ly 9 ! disease4 ,^! muscles pull ! eyeball backw>ds1 ! fatty cu%ion is press$ on & ! ?ird eyelid protrudes1 cov]+ at times f "o-?ird to two-?irds ( ! front "p ( ! eye4 ,9 ! sev]e =m ( ! disease ! muscles feel h>d1 especially ^? ( ! back & neck1 & ! animal moves ) difficulty4 ,9 addition to ! muscul> symptoms1 ! respiration & pulse beats are quick5$ & ! body temp]ature high] ?an normal4 ,! evid5ce ( suff]+ f ! contract$ condition ( ! muscles is v m>k$1 &1 unless support$ 9 "s way1 ! animal may fall to ! floor4 ,if ! symptoms develop a few days aft] infection1 ! animal usually dies4 ,! acute =m is v fatal1 b 9 ! mild or subacute =m ! *ance = mak+ a recov]y is good4 ,tetanus ,is a ,prev5table ,disease4 ,x may be l>gely prev5t$ by ! c>eful dis9fection ( w\nds1 & ! use ( anti-tetanic s]um4 ,9 mo/ localities ! prop] treatm5t ( ! w\nd is a suffici5t prev5tive measure1 b 9 localities & /ables :]e ! disease is common ! anti-tetanic s]um %\ld be us$4 ,ord9>y cleans+ ( a w\nd1 z practic$ by mo/ /ockm51 is n suffici5t to de/roy ! bacillus ( tetanus4 ,! w\nd mu/ be c>efully clean$1 dis9fect$ & prep>$ = heal+4 ,?is %\ld be kept 9 m9d :5 treat+ a w\nd1 & in/ead ( us+ an ag5t t we "k little ab\t1 we %\ld secure reliable in=mation reg>d+ ! diff]5t comm]cial dis9fectants & me?ods ( c>+ = w\nds4 ,t class kn[n z t> dis9fectants is mo/ commonly us$4 ,! bett] grade belong+ to ?is class %\ld be us$4 ,if anti-tetanic s]um is us$1 x %\ld be inject$ z soon aft] ! injury has occurr$ z possible4 ,! injection is made hypod]mically1 usually b5ea? ! sk9 on ! side ( ! neck4 ,l>ge doses ( anti-tetanic s]um giv5 aft] ! symptoms h develop$ may assi/ recov]y4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! sev]e =m ( ! disease ?is treatm5t is unc]ta94 ,:5 ! animal comes d[n ) ! disease1 x %\ld be made z com=table z possible4 ,! qu>t]s %\ld be roomy1 quiet1 clean1 & well v5tilat$4 ,x is advisable to support ! horse ) a sl+ unless ! animal is worri$ or made n]v\s by x4 ,?is prev5ts 8 becom+ tir$ & fall+ d[n4 ,we %\ld give ! animal ! be/ ( c>e 9 ! way ( regulat+ ! diet1 etc41 b %\ld avoid annoy+ x by our att5tion4 ,m$ic9al treatm5t is ( little b5efit & %\ld be giv5 a second>y place4 ,9 fact1 dos+ ! animal ) m$ic9e1 especially if l>ge doses are giv51 may d m h>m ?an good 9 ! treatm5t ( ?is disease4 ,,loco ,,disease4--,! ^w loco is a ,spani% ^w1 & means crazy4 ,loco disease is a disease ( ! bra9 & n]v\s sy/em1 especially ( horses & cattle1 b may also affect o!r animals4 ,x results f eat+ any "o ( a numb] ( poison\s plants call$ loco :i* gr[ ^u ! dry1 s&y prairies ( "s p>ts ( ! ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 w9t] & e>ly spr+1 :5 !re is little or no grass1 "s animals acquire an appetite = ?is plant1 & soon refuse all o!r k9ds ( food4 ,:5 addict$ to ! we$ an animal loses fle% rapidly1 ! eyesight becomes affect$--(t5 x has no k ( di/ance--& frequ5tly :5 made to /ep ov] a bo>d or rail w jump ov] x z ?\gh x 7 sev]al feet high4 ,lat]1 9 ! c\rse ( ! disease1 ! bra9 becomes m affect$ & ! animal acts m or less crazy1 at times q viol5t1 at o!rs depress$ & dull4 ,%\ld ! animal live ?r\gh ! fir/ attack x may l+] = mon?s or ev5 ye>s1 b x usually dies z a result ( ! attack4 ,frequ5tly "s peculi> 8fooli%0 habit foll[s ! animals ?r\gh life4 ,"s h a n]v\s fit :5 excit$ or w>m$ up1 o!rs w n lead & "s y _c drive at all4 ,!re is no cure = ! tr\ble4 ,all t c be done is to prev5t ! habit f be+ =m$ or by remov+ ! animal f temptation & furni%+ :olesome1 nutriti\s food4 ,,lumpy ,,jaw4--,see ,act9omycosis4 ,,lungs1 ,,conge/ion ,,(4--,a fill+ ( ! lungs ) blood4 ,?is is v common ) horses 9 w9t] & is mo/ frequ5tly due to a *ill4 ,animals t h be5 put to heavy "w1 or are 9 a weak5$ condition1 are frequ5tly susceptible if left /&+ 9 a draft :ile /ill w>m4 ,sluggi%ness is notic$1 fir/ foll[$ by trembl+ at ! flank1 heavy brea?+2 ! pulse w be not$ z quick1 b weak2 a gurgl+ s\nd w be not$ if ! e> is plac$ aga9/ ! *e/4 ,! be/ treatm5t is su* z gives quick relief4 ,if at "w1 place ! horse at re/ at once 9 ! /able & cov] ) blanket4 ,h pl5ty ( fre% air admitt$1 b d n all[ a draft to bl[ ov] ! pati5t4 ,assi/ circulation z mu* z possible by rubb+ ( ! legs & apply cold pad to ! *e/4 ,a mu/>d pla/] appli$ ov] ! *e/ is v good4 ,a good dr5* consi/s ( alcohol 9 #b ounce doses1 well dilut$ 9 wat]2 at ! same "t ano!r dr5* consi/+ ( #d tablespoonfuls ( sweet spirits ( nit] & #b tablespoonfuls ( laudanum1 mix$ ) a p9t ( wat]1 is also v good4 ,if ! conditions indicate t ! lungs are full ( blood1 add #aj drops ( ,flem+'s t9cture ( aconite to ! dr5*4 ,! dr5*es may be giv5 two or ?ree h\rs ap>t until relief comes1 at :i* "t quiet is advis$1 al?\gh a little g5tle walk+ = ex]cise is advisable4 ,f ?is "t on treat ! animal z a pati5t1 giv+ easily dige/$ foods4 ,a tonic consi/+ ( gr\nd g5tian root & nitrate ( pota%1 half & half1 is excell5t4 ,give a teaspoonful ( ?is 9 ! fe$ ?ree times a day4 ,,lung ,,fev]4--,see ,inflammation ( ! ,lungs4 ,,lung ,,worms ,,9 ,,lambs ,,& ,,calves4--,x has be5 prov5 9 ye>s gone by t ! common spirits ( turp5t9e1 :5 mix$ ) salt 9 proportions ( a gill ( turp5t9e to f\r qu>ts ( common f9e salt & plac$ 9 a cov]$ box s con/ruct$ t %eep & calves c get _! head 9 & eat ! salt 7yet ! salt be protect$ f ! wea!r71 w practically prev5t an infection4 ,"s h advis$ ! mix+ ( a half p9t ( sublim$ sulphur ) ! salt & turp5t9e4 ,!re c be no objection to ! sulphur :5 add$ 9 ! proportions nam$4 ,?is rem$y is n a cure b a prev5tive4 ,9 fact !re is no cure1 z ^! worms are 9 ! bron*ial tubes & lungs1 :]e no worm de/roy] c rea* !m directly4 ,b :5 ! lamb or calf daily p>takes ( ev5 a few drops ( turp5t9e1 ! :ole sy/em becomes1 to an ext5t1 infect$ ) ! turp5t9e1 & z ! "y worms come into exi/5ce1 _! home 9 ! lungs becomes a v unheal?y home = !m & !y fail to mature4 ,9 "s cases mature worms h be5 remov$ by inject+ a mixture ( turp5t9e1 *lor(orm & olive oil into ! w9dpipe1 us+ ab\t a teaspoonful ( ?is mixture4 ,its effect is to /upefy ! worms t x t\*es1 & !y may be c\gh$ out by ! suff]+ lamb or calf4 ,! fumes ( burn+ sulphur has also be5 advis$ by "s vet]9>ians4 ,b bo? rem$ies are z liable to kill z cure1 & are by no means always successful4 ,! f>m]'s bus9ess %\ld be to prev5t1 n cure1 diseases ( ?is class2 !re=e prep>e ! salt box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lymphangitis ,?is k9d ( inflammation is usually se5 9 ! h9d legs4 ,x is mo/ frequ5t 9 heavy draft horses1 or 9 co>se ple?oric individuals4 ,x occurs mo/ frequ5tly aft] a %ort p]iod ( idl5ess4 ,,lymphangitis4--,an inflammation ( ! lymphatics1 usually ( ! h9d legs4 ,h5ce ! "n 8big legs40 ,x is ! result ( too ri* fe$+1 & too little "w 9 _m cases on ! "o h&1 or ( ov]work & insuffici5t food on ! o!r4 ,lymphangitis (t5 foll[s o!r diseases l di/emp]1 influ5za1 or pneumonia1 9 :i* cases ! sy/em is weak5$ & ! lymphatics 9 abnormal condition4 ,x %[s itself aft] a %ort p]iod ( idl5ess & re/4 ,x usually beg9s ) a *ill & a rise ( temp]ature1 :i* may be z mu* z #aje degrees1 dep5d+ on ! int5sity ( ! attack4 ,"o or bo? h9d legs may %[ swell+ & be s /iff & sore aft] /&+ dur+ ! night z to be mov$ only ) difficulty :5 ! horse is tak5 out ( ! /able 9 ! morn+4 ,! horse 9 mov+ seems able to be> little or no weight on ! affect$ leg4 ,at ! same "t1 ! pulse is full & ?robby1 respiration is fa/1 ! b[els are con/ipat$ & ! appetite is lo/4 ,9 "s cases ! legs swell to an enorm\s size4 ,if ! inflammation is n reliev$ 9 a few days1 ! gl&s get badly diseas$ & blood poison may result4 ,! disease1 h[ev]1 if tak5 9 "t1 is easily treat$4 ,if x is caus$ by ov]fe$+1 *ange ?is2 give m ex]cise4 ,:5 ! disease is fir/ notic$1 give ! horse #d tablespoonfuls ( aloes1 #d tablespoonfuls ( c>bonate ( soda & #d tablespoonfuls ( g+]4 ,^! %\ld be dissolv$ 9 a half p9t ( boil+ wat]1 !n mix$ ) a half p9t ( cold wat]1 & !n giv5 z a dr5*4 ,if ! pulse is fa/1 x may be made easi] & sl[] by giv+ #bj to #cj drops ( t9cture ( aconite1 e c\ple ( h\rs4 ,a c\ple ( tablespoonfuls ( nitrate ( pota% 9 ! dr9k+ wat] ?ree times a day w increase ! ur9e4 ,?is is desirable to d 9 ?is disease4 ,! leg %\ld be ba!d = at lea/ a half an h\r & !n dri$ & a wa% consi/+ ( #b tablespoonfuls ( acetate ( lead1 #h tablespoonfuls ( t9cture ( opium1 & a qu>t ( wat] %\ld be appli$ to ! legs4 ,?is %\ld be rubb$ 9 well ) ! h& e h\r4 ,9 f #bj to #cj h\rs1 a great *ange = ! bett] w be notic$ ! inflammation w h be5 r$uc$2 ! pa9 w h disappe>$ & ! b[els w be loose & active4 ,f n[ on give g5]al ex]cise at frequ5t p]iods1 dur+ ! day4 ,9 cases caus$ by ov]work or too little food or ^? foll[+ debilitat+ diseases1 l influ5za or di/emp]1 ! treatm5t %\ld be m /imulat+2 !re=e1 nutritive foods & tonics are be/4 ,good hay & oats & o!r fe$ ( a laxative nature %\ld be furni%$4 ,a prep>ation1 consi/+ ( #d tablespoonfuls1 ea*1 ( t9cture *loride ( iron1 t9cture ( g5tian1 & g+] 9 a p9t ( wat] ?ree times a day w be f\nd bo? /imulat+ & n\ri%+4 ,if ! disease has progress$ s f> t ! legs break & %[ t matt] is =m$1 wa% !m ) w>m wat] & foll[ ) acetate ( lead1 sulphate ( iron & c>bolic acid4 ,use #b tablespoonfuls ( ea* 9 a qu>t ( wat] & apply twice ea* day4 ,if ! swell+ hangs on use ,f[l]'s solution ( ars5ic1 #d tablespoonfuls to a dose 9 a bran ma% once a day4 ,cont9ue ?is = f\r or five weeks4 ,a salve made ( #b teaspoonfuls ( iodide & #h tablespoonfuls ( vasel9e %\ld also be rubb$ on ! leg twice a week4 ,,mad ,,dog4--,see ,hydrophobia4 ,,maggots4--,! grubs ( ! ord9>y fle%-flies s common ab\t /ables & h\ses4 ,! adult fly deposits ! m9ute l>v 9 fre% meat1 9 w\nds1 & frequ5tly 9 dirty wool4 ,^! become ! maggots s well kn[n ab\t ! f>m4 ,! di/ress caus$ by ^! :5 pres5t 9 a w\nd is consid]able1 & !y endang] life4 ,! be/ treatm5t is 9 l9e ( cleanl9ess4 ,keep old w\nds clean by means ( antiseptic wa%es & tag ! %eep t no fil? & dirt may accumulate4 ,if = any reason maggots are f\nd1 op5 ! infect$ "p & remove1 if possible1 bo? ! maggots & sl\gh$ tissue4 ,old sores or w\nds1 if !y w n l5d !mselves to complete removal ( ! maggots1 %\ld be treat$ ) a solution ( c>bolic acid & wat]4 ,on "s1 turp5t9e c be us$4 ,*lor(orm may be spray$ on1 or inject$ into ! w\nd ) almo/ in/ant results4 ,aft] ! maggots are de/roy$ foll[ up ! treatm5t ) a good dis9fectant until ! w\nd has heal$4 ,,mall5d]s4--,an eruption ( ! sk9 above ! feet 9 horses4 ,! disease at fir/ is v mu* l eczema4 ,9 "t ! wat]y fluid dries up & ! sore p>ts become cov]$ ) h>d cru/s & scabs4 ,! sore spots %\ld be wa%$ ) "s good dis9fectant & repeat$ frequ5tly en\gh to de/roy ! infection4 ,a mod]ate purge is advisable4 ,see t only :olesome food is provid$4 ,,mammitis4--,inflammation ( ! mamm>y gl& or udd]4 ,! disease is frequ5tly call$ cak$ bag & g>get4 ,9 ! la/ nam$1 ! milk secretion is alt]$ & appe>s z a ?ick or a /r+y fluid4 ,heavy milk]s are mo/ commonly affect$4 ,! udd] becomes swoll51 hot & some:at t5d] j be=e calv+4 ,! swell+ may ext5d =w>d along ! belly4 ,x (t5 gets s sev]e z to require treatm5t4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se physiological4 ,9 a few days aft] calv+1 z a rule1 ! swell+ disappe>s & ! normal condition is rega9$ m quickly if ! calf is all[$ to suck ! c[4 ,9 ! fir/ /ages bloody milk is secret$ & (t5 pus is =m$ 9 "o qu>t] or m ( ! udd]4 ,! udd] %\ld be c>efully milk$1 clean$1 &1 if ! milk ducts are clos$1 x may be necess>y to use a milk tube4 ,?is %\ld be us$ cauti\sly s z n to injure ! tissue ( ! udd] & %\ld be p]fectly clean be=e ins]t+1 o!rwise s]i\s inflammation may result4 ,9 ba?+1 use hot wat] = #ae to #bj m9utes at a "t1 aft] :i* rub dry & apply an o9tm5t made by dissolv+ #c tablespoonfuls ( gum camphor & #d tablespoonfuls ( fluid extract ( belladonna to a p9t ( clean1 fre% l>d4 ,?is o9tm5t %\ld be appli$ ?ree times a day4 ,a m s]i\s =m ( ! disease is kn[n z contagi\s mammitis1 & is due to invasion ( ! gl& by bact]ia4 ,9 cases ( ?is k9d ! inflammation is m ext5sive & ! disord] calls = m c>eful treatm5t4 ,s9ce ! milk conta9s bad bact]ia1 x is necess>y to de/roy !m s z to prev5t spread+ ( ! disease4 ,! milk] %\ld h clean h&s & %\ld wa% !m 9 a dis9fect+ solution be=e milk+ ano!r c[4 ,! milk tube may be necess>y 9 )draw+ ! milk4 ,aft] ! milk has be5 remov$ f ! udd]1 inject a solution ( p]oxide ( hydrog5 or dioxyg5 or a solution ( c>bolic acid1 #a "p to #ej p>ts ( boil$ wat]4 ,aft] ! solution has act$ = a few m9utes1 x %\ld be milk$ out4 ,! ext]nal treatm5t = contagi\s mammitis %\ld be simil> to t ( ord9>y mammitis4 ,,mange4--,see ,scab 9 ,cattle4 ,,milk ,,fev]4--,x is a rem>kable fact t ?is disease occurs mo/ commonly 9 c[s :i* calv$ easily4 ,?is is expla9$ by ! fact t 9 su* cases ! os ut]i rema9s relax$ = a great] l5g? ( "t ?an x does 9 cases ( difficult p>turition4 ,milk fev] g5]ally occurs 9 c[s :i* are heavy milk]s1 & great eat]s4 ,keep+ ! animals 9 p]man5t /ables1 & fe$+ l>ge quantities ( ri* food :ile !y are giv+ no milk are pr$ispos+ causes4 ,! disease makes its appe>ance usually 9 f #bd to #dh h\rs aft] p>turition4 ,x seldom occurs aft] ! ?ird day1 & "s au?ors /ate t x has nev] be5 recogniz$ be=e ! />t+ ( ! milk secretion4 ,! mo/ sali5t symptoms to ! av]age layman w\ld1 p]haps1 be ! anxi\s expression ( ! animal1 bell[+ & m\nt+ into ! mang]4 ,lat] !y become v weak1 /agg] & fall1 & are unable to rise4 ,! memb]s are usually ext5d$ 9 a rigid position4 ,a rattl+ or :i/l+ noise is he>d 9 case ! l>ynx is p>alyz$4 ,! feet1 e>s & horns feel cold to ! t\*4 ,:5 a case is go+ to recov] we see improvem5t z e>ly z ! second or ?ird day4 ,recov]y is usually complete at ! end ( f two to five days4 ,milk fev] is "o ( ! cases :]e ! old maxim1 an ounce ( prev5tion is wor? a p\nd ( cure1 is d\bly applicable4 ,if prop] precautions 7 tak5 a l>ge numb] ( cases c\ld be prev5t$4 ,give ! pregnant animals daily ex]cise1 & decrease _! all[ance ( food4 ,treatm5t ,v ,simple4--,make ! c[ com=table4 ,n[ give h] a small dose ( ,epsom salts f "o-half to "o p\nd1 dep5d+ on h] size4 ,?is %\ld be giv5 z a dr5*4 ,animals afflict$ ) ?is ailm5t swall[ ) difficulty4 ,use c>e t ! dr5* does n get into ! lungs4 ,p]haps ! mo/ satisfactory m$ical treatm5t is to use :at is kn[n z ! ,s*midt treatm5t4 ,?is is no?+ m ?an inject+ into ! udd] a solution made by dissolv+ 9 "o qu>t ( clean boil$ wat] #c teaspoonfuls ( iodide ( pota%1 aft] /ripp+ all milk f ! udd]4 ,a v satisfactory way is to get a rubb] tube1 atta* x to a common milk+ tube :i* is plac$ into ! teats 9 turn & p\r ! solution into ! tube by means ( a funnel4 ,by massag+ ! udd] ! solution c be work$ into ea* qu>t] 9 a %ort "t )\t difficulty4 ,9 case iodide ( pota% is n available1 inject air into ! udd] aft] draw+ out ! milk4 ,i h kn[n ( _m cases :]e air has be5 =c$ into ! udd] by means ( a bicycle pump1 & ! animal recov]$ 9 a v %ort "t4 ,if ! disease does n respond to ! treatm5t ) read9ess1 repeat 9 a few h\rs1 say1 any:]e f five to t5 h\rs aft]4 ,cold wat] or ice on ! head is advisable4 ,! use ( /imulants is also recomm5d$4 ,:iskey c be giv5 9 doses ( #aj to #ae tablespoonfuls & jamaica g+] #f to #h tablespoonfuls4 ,milk ! c[ frequ5tly & massage ! udd]1 ba?+ 9 hot wat]4 ,aft] ! c[ is on ! way to recov]y1 )hold milk-/imulat+ foods = a few days & give "s tonic l g5tian & nux vomica1 half & half1 #b or #c tablespoonfuls two or ?ree times a day4 ,,monday ,,morn+ ,,sickness4--,see ,azoturia4 ,,nasal ,,gleet4--,:5 a cold or simple cat>rh is neglect$ x may run into a *ronic condition giv+ rise to nasal gleet4 ,a ?91 blui% dis*>ge comes f ! nose2 & ! membranes ( ! no/rils1 in/ead ( be+ moi/ & p9k 9 color1 take on a lead5 hue4 ,! coat at ! same "t %[s un?rift9ess4 ,9 su* cases ! face & head may swell because ! accumulat$ mat]ials fail to pass out4 ,:5 ^! bun*es are tapp$ ) ! f+]s1 a dull s\nd is he>d4 ,treatm5t consi/s ( isolat+ ! animals & giv+ !m good c>e1 nutriti\s food & well-v5tilat$ qu>t]s4 ,a bucket1 fill$ ) boil+ wat]1 9 :i* a half cup ( turp5t9e is plac$1 & held "u ! nose to /eam ! no/rils & face1 is excell5t4 ,any sort ( blanket+ t w hold ! /eam ab\t ! head is v good to h at h& at ! "t4 ,= int]nal treatm5t give a teaspoonful ( sulphate ( copp] ?ree times daily 9 a small bran ma%2 foll[+ ?is drop ! copp] sulphate & give #b tablespoonfuls ( ,f[l]'s solution ( arnica twice a day 9 ! ma%4 ,%\ld ! bulges on ! face become l>ge1 x w be necess>y to op5 !m4 ,(t5 a "p ( ! bone requires saw+ out to get effective results4 ,9 ^! sev]e cases x is be/ to h y\r vet]9>ian make ! op]ation4 ,,navicul> ,,disease4--,a disease ( ! navicul> bone & ! /ructures surr\nd+ x4 ,x is call$ 8c(f9 jo9t lam5ess40 ,?is bone is situat$ at ! back & inf]ior "p ( ! c(f9 jo9t1 & acts z a pulley ov] :i* ! flexor t5don ( ! foot passes4 ,horses ) upright pa/]ns are mo/ liable to x1 z m weight is ?r[n on ?is jo9t4 ,^? %od ) calk9s on _! %oes1 :i* prev5t ! frog f com+ 9 contact ) ! gr\nd1 !re=e caus+ a %ock to ?is jo9t1 are also v liable to x4 ,"s horses h h]$it>y t5d5cy to ?is disease4 ,nails p5etrat+ too deep ?r\gh ! sole1 or any?+ t w cause inflammation ( ?is jo9t1 is likely to produce navicul> disease4 ,! mo/ prolific cause is bad %oe+4 ,by degrees ! inflammation 9 a *ronic =m ext5ds to o!r p>ts1 caus+ a %r9k+ ( ! s(t p>ts1 result+ 9 contraction ( ! foot4 ,! lam5ess may appe> sudd5ly & p]haps imm$iately aft] ! horse has be5 %od1 & is !n usually ?\ght to be ! fault ( nail+ on ! %oe4 ,x is likely 9 ?is case t ! smi? has p>$ ! sole & frog too ?91 & t ! "p has suff]$ f a bruise by ! horse /epp+ on some?+ h>d4 ,aft] a re/ x may disappe>1 to return aft] ! next drive4 ,sometimes ! disease is ( v sl[ progress 9 "o or bo? =e feet4 ,! fir/ ?+ t is notic$ is t ! animal po9ts its toe1 & if bo? are affect$1 fir/ "o1 !n ! o!r4 ,! animal may n be lame1 b x does n /ep out s well z x us$ to1 & by degrees ! "p gets m t5d]1 until ! animal beg9s to g lame1 & ! lam5ess gradually gets worse4 ,!re is a =m ( ?is lam5ess :]e ! animal %[s /iffness & lam5ess :5 fir/ tak5 out ( ! /able1 b1 aft] be+ driv5 = a %ort di/ance1 x passes (f1 & aft] x /&s = a:ile x w />t (f lame aga94 ,if ?is disease la/s = "s "t ! muscles ( ! *e/ & %\ld]s seem /iff & may %r9k4 ,?is has be5 call$ 8*e/ f\nd]0 by horsem54 ,?is is br\ght ab\t by ! sor5ess ( ! feet4 ,! horse is afraid to /ep out1 giv+ x ! appe>ance ( be+ /iff2 ! muscles ( ! *e/ & %\ld]s w %r9k f want ( prop] action1 caus$ by ! feet be+ sore4 ,if !re is heat & t5d]ness 9 ! holl[ ( ! heel or a r$ness ( ! sole1 & an abs5ce ( any o!r disease ( ! foot or leg1 we may consid] ) almo/ a c]ta9ty t x is a case ( navicul> or c(f9 jo9t lam5ess4 ,! result is contraction ( ! foot4 ,take (f ! %oes1 s t ! frog w re/ on ! gr\nd1 !n p\ltice ! feet ) bran1 made up ) cold wat] if x is a rec5t case1 b if x is ( "s mon?s' /&+ hot wat] is bett] ?an cold2 put ! p\ltices into bags made a little l>g] ?an ! foot2 put ab\t two in*es deep ( ! bran ma% into ! bag1 !n put ! foot 9 & fill 9 all ar\nd z high z ! fetlock1 & tie ! bag above ! fetlock & ar\nd ! ankle to keep x well on ! foot4 ,wet ?is sev]al times a day & *ange x once daily4 ,cont9ue ?is = two weeks1 & see t x is prop]ly done2 if n1 x w be ( no s]vice4 ,!n bli/] ! coronet ) can?>ides #b teaspoonfuls & l>d #d tablespoonfuls4 ,repeat 9 ?ree weeks1 & give ! animal a long re/4 ,,nits4--,see ,bot ,flies4 ,,nodul> ,,disease ,,9 ,,%eep4--,nodules resembl+ ^? ( tub]culosis f\nd 9 ! inte/9es ( %eep1 are due to ! pres5ce ( p>asitic worms4 ,pr(use di>rha & a pron\nc$ anemic condition prevail4 ,a po/ mortem exam9ation ( ! inte/9es discloses ! pres5ce ( num]\s nodules 9 ! inte/9al walls4 ,if ! worm is pres5t1 no treatm5t is possible1 = ! reason t any m$ic9e t w\ld affect ! worm w\ld also affect ! tissues & lead to _! de/ruction4 ,prev5tion1 !re=e1 is ! only means ( ov]com+ ! disease4 ,%eep mu/ be kept (f infe/$ pa/ures1 & infe/$ pa/ures mu/ be pl[$ & giv5 ov] to cultivat$ crops4 ,give lambs only clean pa/ures to graze ov]4 ,?is means crop rotation 9 connection ) %eep husb&ry4 ,no fe$ t has be5 tramp$ ov] by infect$ %eep %\ld ev] be suppli$ to lambs or %eep n infe/$ ) ! disease4 ,,ob/etrics4--,difficult p>turition is common 9 "s females4 ,& frequ5tly o!rs1 less bo!r$ z a rule ) any difficulty at ?is p]iod1 deliv] _! (fspr+ only aft] great labor & mu* difficulty4 ,:5 su* cases occur close vigilance n only frequ5tly ha/5s deliv]y1 b (t5 saves ! life ( ei!r ! "m or (fspr+ or bo?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,natural ,,pres5tation ,,( ,,! ,,foal ,9 ei!r ( ^! cases deliv]y foll[s 9 ! usual ord] )\t delay or injury to ! "m4 ,9 _m in/ances ! tr\ble is seat$ 9 ! womb2 ! neck ( ! womb rema9s clos$1 & ev5 ?\gh long-cont9u$ & vigor\s ef=ts are made1 ! (fspr+ does n arrive4 ,9 cases ( ?is k9d assi/ance c be r5d]$ :i* quickly removes ! difficulty4 ,fir/ oil ! h& & =e>m & "w ! f+]s into ! passage1 g5tly press+ x op54 ,if ! womb does n yield to ?is treatm5t saturate a sponge or clo? ) extract ( belladonna & rub x ar\nd ! neck1 leav+ x ?us = a little :ile4 ,on remov+ ! sponge ! passage w op54 ,mann] ( ,deliv]y4--,! natural position ( ! fetus at bir? calls = ! =e feet =w>d ) ! head re/+ on ! knees4 ,! =e feet1 !re=e1 9 a normal deliv]y1 are fir/ pres5t$ & !n ! head4 ,if ! fetus is n unduly l>ge1 ! "m w likely =ce ! deliv]y )\t assi/ance4 ,9 case ! /ruggle is ext5d$ g5tle assi/ance w be 9 ord]4 ,?is c be r5d]$ by a g5tle pull on ! legs & head4 ,if ?is does n br+ ! (fspr+1 y c consid] t some?+ is wrong4 ,h[ev]1 d n be ha/y1 j give "t4 ,m>es usually deliv] 9 a few m9utes & c[s (t5 require an h\r or s aft] labor beg9s4 ,if y conclude t some?+ is wrong oil ! h& & arm4 ,%ove ! fetus back & asc]ta91 if possible1 ! tr\ble4 ,if ?is exam9ation %[s dropsy ( ! abdom5--wat] 9 ! belly--puncture ! abdom5 ) a knife 9 ord] t ! fetus may be deliv]$4 ,if ! tr\ble is ) ! head--wat] 9 ! bra9--puncture ! head t ! wat] may run out1 & !n remove ! arm & h&4 ,:5 ! /ruggle pa9s come on aga91 give a g5tle pull & deliv]y w foll[4 ,frequ5tly ! position is *ang$4 ,sometimes b "o =e foot appe>s ) ! head1 mak+ x impossible to deliv] ! (fspr+4 ,:5 a case l ?is occurs1 %ove ! fetus back & br+ ! unpres5t$ leg =w>d :]e x belongs1 & !n likely no fur!r tr\ble w result4 ,if ! legs are 9 prop] place b ! head turn$ backw>d1 x w be necess>y to pu% ! fetus back into ! womb & br+ ! head =w>d 9 position4 ,9 case ! head resi/s y\r ef=ts1 adju/ a noose ov] ! head1 & :ile y "w ) y\r h& inside1 h an assi/ant g5tly pull on ! rope1 9 ord] to draw ! head into ! prop] position4 ,aft] ! head & =e feet are put 9 natural position1 deliv]y w foll[ )\t fur!r difficulty4 ,:5 all f\r feet appe> toge!r x is necess>y to pu% ! =e feet back into ! womb j z f> z x is possible to =ce !m4 ,?is done1 pull n[ on ! h9d feet & br+ ! fetus out1 h9d feet fir/4 ,x is always a mi/ake to attempt deliv]y ) ! head fir/ :5 deliv]y has proce$$ z sugge/$ 9 cases ( ?is nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,abnormal ,,pres5tation ,,( ,,! ,,foal ,deliv]y is n possible 9 ei!r ( ! cases "h illu/rat$4 ,:]e su* occur assi/ance mu/ be r5d]$4 ,see article on ob/etrics = treatm5t4 ,:]e deliv]y is attempt$ ) ! h9d legs =emo/1 x is reg>d$ z safe1 provid$ ! feet come out z !y %\ld4 ,if any difficulty is enc\nt]$1 %ove ! fetus back1 /raight5 ! legs1 & !n ) ! r5ewal ( ! labor /ruggles assi/ ! "m by a g5tle pull on ! h9d legs4 ,ano!r common pres5tation is :]e y feel no?+ b ! tail1 rump & hips4 ,adju/ ! fetus = prop] deliv]y by %ov+ ! h9d end upw>ds & t[>ds ! front ( ! womb1 !n slip ! h& d[n & get hold ( ! foot ( ! h9d leg & lift upw>ds & backw>ds until ! legs are br\ght out into ! passage4 ,n[ repeat ! "w = ! o!r leg & ! job is done4 ,x is always a good plan1 aft] difficult p>turition1 especially :5 any abnormal dis*>ge appe>s1 to wa% out ! womb ) w>m wat] 9 :i* a little c>bolic acid or creol9 is plac$4 ,use ?is daily = a few days4 ,,palisade ,,worm4--,! worms are f\nd 9 ! horse 9 two p]iods ( exi/5ce4 ,! mature worms are usually f\nd atta*$ to ! muc\s membrane ( ! inte/9al wall ( ! l>ge inte/9e1 ) ! head sunk deep = ! purpose ( suck+ blood1 :i* gives !m ! br[n or r$ color4 ,! immature are f\nd sometimes 9 ! same organs1 9 a small capsule cov]+1 9 small pellets ( manure1 9 cavities or cy/s1 v>y+ 9 size f a p9-head to t ( a hazel nut1 9 ! walls ( ! inte/9es1 & also 9 ! art]ies & o!r /ructures ( ! body4 ,:5 pres5t 9 ! kidneys or 9 ! art]ies lead+ to ! kidneys1 or 9 ! surr\nd+ tissues1 a horse is especially s5sitive to pressure ov] ! lo9s4 ,!y h be5 kn[n to cause p>alysis4 ,:5 f\nd 9 ! bra91 an animal1 :5 work+1 sudd5ly beg9s to /agg]1 ! eyes become fix$1 & ! horse %[s _m ( ! symptoms ( 8bl9d /agg]s40 ,:5 ! l>ge art]ies ( ! abdom5 are affect$1 & ?is is _! favorable location 9 ! circulatory sy/em1 ! animal is frequ5tly subject to colic1 :i* (t5 results 9 dea?4 ,?is is also ! case :5 f\nd 9 great numb]s 9 ! inte/9es4 ,f a ?or\gh inve/igation ( a great _m cases1 bo? be=e & aft] dea?1 ! conclusions are drawn t ! p>asite evolves a poison\s sub/ance 7tox971 :i*1 9 _m in/ances1 /upefies ! bra9 or p>ts ( ! n]v\s sy/em ( ! horse1 & 9 t way causes coma1 p>alysis & dea? ( ! animal4 ,prev5tion is ! be/ treatm5t4 ,hay & fodd] f swampy l& are to be look$ ^u z suspici\s4 ,pa/ures :i* are subject to ov]fl[ %\ld be avoid$4 ,m$ic9al treatm5t consi/s ( a prolong$1 c>eful use ( "s ( ! ess5tial oils or o!r v]mifuges4 ,! ord9>y spirits ( turp5t9e has prov$ a fairly good common rem$y4 ,an ord9>y animal w /& #h tablespoonfuls ( turp5t9e giv5 9 a p9t to a qu>t ( raw l9se$ oil1 ?or\ghly mix$4 ,if ! animal is badly affect$1 ! above dose may be giv5 night & morn+ = two or ?ree days1 !n omit = a week or two & repeat4 ,! rem$y %\ld be discont9u$ z soon z ! animal %[s signs ( irritation ( ! kidneys4 ,,p>alysis4--,a loss ( p[] ov] "s ( ! muscles due to a disord]$ /ate ( ! bra9 or n]ves4 ,?is may result f disease or injury or "s irritation4 ,9 horses & cattle ! h9dqu>t]s are n infrequ5tly affect$ 9 ?is way1 ! result ( indige/ion f con/ipation or f attacks ( colic4 ,! animal %[s weakness 9 "o h9d limb1 mov+ x ) difficulty :5 ! opposite limb may !n become affect$4 ,if ! attack is v sev]e1 ! animal falls on its haun*es & may n be able to rise4 ,temp]ature1 pulse & respiration1 all are r normal4 ,treatm5t %\ld be direct$ to remove ! cause ( ! disease4 ,:5 !re is colic or con/ipation1 give purges4 ,a half teaspoonful ( extract ( nux vomica1 giv5 9 a p9t ( milk twice a day1 is v good4 ,p\r+ cold wat] f a height & !n imm$iately hot wat] sometimes greatly /r5g!ns ! muscles & has its use 9 treat+4 ,rubb+ ! p>ts ) mu/>d /imulates !m1 & 9 "s cases good results4 ,p>alysis result+ f injury usually disappe>s z ! "p returns to its normal /ate4 ,,p>asites4--,^! are liv+ plants or animals t live tempor>ily or cont9ually 9 ! bodies ( o!r plants or animals & draw _! n\ri%m5t f _! ho/4 ,x is d\btful if !re is a s+le f>m animal t does n h>bor p>asites at ne>ly all times dur+ its life4 ,!re may be _m ( ^! 9 ! same individual at ! same "t4 ,p>asites may be h>mful or n1 z ! case may be4 ,p>asites may be divid$ into two classes--plant p>asites & animal p>asites4 ,! bact]ia & molds are ! mo/ important among ! =m]1 :]eas 9 ! latt] c]ta9 m9ute protozoa1 c]ta9 =ms ( insects & c]ta9 worms are ! mo/ commonly met4 ,su* diseases z /agg]s1 tub]culosis1 & typhoid fev] are ! result ( bact]ial diseases1 :ile ,texas fev] is an example ( ! protozoa class2 & !n ! insects & worms are types ) :i* we are all acqua9t$4 ,:5 a disease is caus$ by ei!r1 discussion w be f\nd "u ! "n ( t disease4 ,,p>turi5t ,,apoplexy4--,see ,milk ,fev]4 ,,p>turition1 ,,difficult4--,see ,ob/etrics4 ,,p]itonitis4--,an inflammation ( ! membrane :i* l9es ! abdom9al cavity & :i* also inve/s ! abdom9al organs4 ,x may be caus$ f "s exposure to cold aft] "s weak5+ disease4 ,"s injury to ! abdom5 or belly may cause x1 or x may />t f "s inflammation t has attack$ ! /oma*1 liv]1 inte/9es1 or ! sple54 ,:5 attack$1 a slight pa9 is felt & ! animal lies d[n1 /ret*es himself1 sweats freely1 & moans4 ,!n he rises1 walks ab\t some:at1 & all ! "t brea!s heavy & %[s mu* weakness4 ,! pulse runs up betwe5 #ge & #ajj beats a m9ute4 ,9 "t ! legs & e>s get cold4 ,a good treatm5t is a p9t ( raw l9se$ oil1 #d tablespoonfuls ( laudanum1 & #aj drops ( aconite4 ,mix ^! & give z a dr5*4 ,a mu/>d pla/] = ! abdom5 & some?+ hot = ! back are desirable4 ,9 two h\rs1 if ! pa9 cont9ues1 give #d tablespoonfuls ( laudanum & #aj drops aconite 9 a p9t ( lukew>m wat]4 ,use z a dr5*4 ,,p9k ,,eye4--,a contagi\s epidemic disease ( ! horse affect+ ! animal all ov] & p>ticul>ly ! membranes ( ! air passages4 ,!re is g5]al debility1 consid]able c\gh1 & a g5]al dis*>ge f ! no/rils4 ,! transp>5t cov]+ ( ! eyeball becomes inflam$4 ,at times ! disease is v fatal1 _m horses succumb+ to x4 ,x is mo/ common 9 ! spr+4 ,"o ( ! symptoms is ! g5]al weakness ( ! animal4 ,he hangs 8 head1 & trembles2 has little appetite & appe>s cold4 ,! eyes %[ a wat]y dis*>ge & lat] a />e coat4 ,! pulse at fir/ is weak1 b quick1 & lat] ris+ to #hj or #ij beats a m9ute4 ,at ?is /age ! temp]ature is high1 ar\nd #ajc to #aje degrees4 ,! brea?+ is accel]at$ to ab\t #ej times a m9ute4 ,! b[els d n act1 or act v poorly1 & ! ur9e is v scanty4 ,9 treat+1 fir/ isolate ! animal & dis9fect ! /ables to prev5t spread+4 ,any ( ! common dis9fectants w d4 ,good nurs+ is necess>y4 ,keep ! horse w>m ) blankets4 ,give him s(t1 n\ri%+ food4 ,! eyes %\ld be ba!d ?ree or f\r times a day ) hot wat]4 ,a little boric acid1 say1 a teaspoonful to a half p9t ( wat]1 is good to use z a wa% = ! eyes & no/rils4 ,to keep ! kidneys active & to r$uce ! fev]1 give a tablespoonful ( nitrate ( pota% dissolv$ 9 wat] two or ?ree times a day4 ,if ! horse is v weak1 "o-half glass ( :iskey 9 a p9t ( gruel ?ree times a day is /imulat+ & helpful4 ,x is bett] n to give any physic ( any k9d4 ,aft] recov]y1 ! horse %\ld be giv5 little or no "w4 ,a long re/ ( sev]al weeks is necess>y4 ,,plac5ta4--,! cov]+ ( ! fetus1 commonly call$ ! aft]bir?4 ,z a rule1 ?is comes away ) ! bir? ( ! (fspr+4 ,occasionally 9 ! c[ x rema9s atta*$ to ! walls ( ! ut]us1 & if n remov$ w cause tr\ble1 if n sickness & dea?4 ,soon aft] ! bir? ( ! calf1 if ! aft]bir? rema9s1 decomposition sets 9 & z a result ! sy/em is m or less poison$4 ,! fir/ symptoms obs]v$ are ! (f5sive odor1 ! r$di% dis*>ge & ! decrease 9 ! milk fl[4 ,if ! aft]bir? does n come away ( itself1 assi/ance is necess>y4 ,d ?is dur+ ! fir/ or second day1 or ! ?ird day at ! late/4 ,to remove ! aft]bir?1 tie up ! c[ & fa/5 h] 9 a way t %e _c jump ar\nd4 ,n[ introduce ! h& & arm1 aft] c>eful wa%+ & dis9fect+ & oil+1 into ! ut]us & gradually & g5tly break ! buttons or atta*m5ts f ! walls ( ! ut]us ) ! f+]s4 ,) pati5ce ^! w come away & ! :ole membrane be remov$4 ,an occasional injection is advisable4 ,use "s good dis9fectant 9 ! wat]1 flu% out ?or\ghly4 ,,pleurisy4--,?is disease occurs 9 ! *e/ cavity & is f\nd inside ! ribs & ov] ! lungs4 ,x is caus$ v mu* 9 ! same way z inflammation ( ! lungs1 l exposure to cold1 /&+ 9 a draft1 & cool+ :5 w>m4 ,"s injury to ! ribs may also cause ! tr\ble4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ! animal is notic$ to %iv]1 ! pulse is quick & /rong1 & !re is great pa94 ,! brea? is heavy1 & ?is is notic$ z f> back z ! flanks4 ,:ile ! animal may lie d[n1 its disposition is to /& up mo/ ( ! "t4 ,!re is an incl9ation to c\gh1 b ?is is suppress$1 because ( ! pa9 occasion$ by x2 !re=e ! c\gh really ends 9 a groan r ?an 9 a normal c\gh4 ,! extremities ( ! body become cold4 ,! be/ treatm5t endeavors to prev5t ! disease f develop+4 ,d j z y w\ld 9 a case ( inflammation ( ! lungs4 ,mu/>d pla/]s = ! *e/ on ea* side are good4 ,keep ! body well cov]$1 includ+ ! legs & neck2 h good v5tilation 9 ! /able1 b keep ! pati5t out ( any draft4 ,z soon z ! disease is notic$1 mix ! foll[+ 9 a p9t ( cold wat]1 & give z a dr5*3 ,t5 drops ( aconite1 a half teaspoonful ( belladonna & two tablespoonfuls ( laudanum4 ,^! %\ld be giv5 e two h\rs until ! pa9 subsides4 ,if ! animal seems to be weak1 & ne$s a /imulant1 give #d tablespoonfuls ( spirits ( nit] & a half glass ( :iskey4 ,?is may be giv5 9 a p9t ( cold wat] mix$ ) ! gruel & giv5 z a dr5* ?ree or f\r times a day4 ,at ! same "t use ! foll[+ m$ic9e to improve ! kidney action3 ,"o-f\r? p\nd ( saltpet] or nitrate ( pota% & "o-f\r? ( a p\nd ( g5tian root4 ,^! are to be mix$ well toge!r & a teaspoonful giv5 ?ree or f\r times daily4 ,s(t foods are desirable4 ,a small am\nt ( wat] %\ld be giv5 frequ5tly4 ,small quantities at a "t are pref]able to l>ge quantities at infrequ5t int]vals4 ,,pleuro-,,pneumonia4--,?is is a v contagi\s disease ( cattle introduc$ 9 ?is c\ntry f ,europe4 ,at "o "t x 0 a v s]i\s m5ace to ! cattle indu/ry4 ,?anks to ! v aggressive "w ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ! disease has1 s f> z is kn[n1 be5 eradicat$ f ?is c\ntry4 ,no cases ( ! disease h be5 report$ dur+ ! pa/ doz5 ye>s4 ,,pneumonia4--,see ,inflammation ( ! ,lungs4 ,,poll ,,evil4--,a swell+ or sor5ess at ! top ( ! head4 ,usually x is caus$ by an injury1 l bump+ ! head 9 a doorway1 or f a bruise made by ! halt] or bridle4 ,x is fir/ notic$ by a swell+ or sor5ess1 :i* frequ5tly causes tr\ble by =m+ an abscess2 sometimes ?is works d[n & ev5 affects ! bone4 ,treatm5t is v simple if h&l$ 9 "t4 ,remove ! cause & !n ba! ) w>m wat] & v9eg> twice a day & apply a l9im5t ( "s k9d4 ,if ! abscess is =m$1 x %\ld be op5$ ) a knife at ! l[e/ po9t to remove ! matt]4 ,f n[ on = a few days ba! ! op5+ ) w>m wat] 9 :i* has be5 add$ "s c>bolic acid or creol94 ,if ! case causes mu* tr\ble1 y _h bett] consult a vet]9>ian1 z bad cases frequ5tly leave ! neck /iff s t ! animals are n able to eat (f ! gr\nd4 ,,qu>t] ,,crack4--,see ,s& ,crack4 ,,quittor4--,a "n giv5 to a fi/ul\s op5+ ^u ! heels & qu>t]s ( ! coron>y b&1 & is caus$ by treads1 pricks 9 %oe+1 bruises1 & suppurat+ corns4 ,any injury :i* w cause suppuration )9 ! foot w usually cause matt] to =m at ! coronet1 & may result 9 quittor4 ,! disease is indicat$ by a swell+ ^u ! coronet :]e ! hair & ho( meet1 great lam5ess1 & a dis*>ge ( ?9 or ?ick curdy pus4 ,!re may be "o or a numb] ( small op5+s lead+ d[n into ! s5sitive "p ( ! foot4 ,! p>ts surr\nd+ ! quittor swell & become h>d & take on an unheal?y action & are difficult to cure1 & may be p]man5tly diseas$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,quittor ,fi/ul\s w\nds on any "p ( ! coronet are usually ! result ( a tread or bruise4 ,if neglect$ s]i\s tr\ble may result4 ,clean ! foot & put x into a bran p\ltice = sev]al days1 !n remove any horn t may be press+ on ! sore "p4 ,if x is at ! heel remove ! cru/ ) a knife2 if x is 9 front ( ! ho( rasp x ?94 ,!n probe ! op5+ at ! top to f9d ! dep? & direction4 ,put a gra9 ( bi*loride ( m]cury into tissue pap] & roll x into a cone & press x d[n to ! bottom ( ! op5+4 ,treat all ! op5+s 9 ! same way4 ,put ! foot into a bag to protect x f injury & let x alone = ?ree days1 !n clean out ! op5+s & put 9 "s m ( ! bi*loride ( m]cury1 & s on = two weeks1 or until ! p>ts become heal?y & ! h>d swell+ has decreas$2 !n make up a ba? ( *loride ( z9c "o ounce1 cool wat] "o gallon2 put ! foot into ?is twice a day = tw5ty m9utes at a "t4 ,z soon z ! op5+s are heal$ bli/] ! coronet ) ! foll[+3 ,mix #b teaspoonfuls ( can?>ides ) #d tablespoonfuls ( l>d2 repeat 9 two weeks if necess>y4 ,:5 x is "t to put on ! %oe & "w ! horse1 a b> %oe w be be/4 ,if ! animal has mu* fev] 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! disease give a dose ( aloes1 & foll[ ?is by giv+ #b tablespoonfuls ( nitrate ( potassium twice a day 9 bran ma%4 ,lat] 9 ! disease give a teaspoonful ( sulphate ( iron once a day 9 bran ma% z a tonic4 ,,rabies4--,see ,hydrophobia4 ,,rheumatism4--,a disease :i* affects ! muscles or jo9ts1 w&]+ f "o "p ( ! body to ano!r4 ,x affects ne>ly all animals1 includ+ ! horse1 ox1 dog1 hog1 & %eep4 ,rheumatism ( ! muscles is usually due to cat*+ cold1 :ile rheumatism ( ! jo9ts is (t5 due to "s micro-organism4 ,/iffness1 :i* usually comes on sudd5ly1 is a *>act]i/ic symptom4 ,! animal may be able to move only ) great difficulty4 ,! jo9ts may crack :5 mov$1 ! affect$ muscles are h>d & pa9ful to t\*1 ! sor5ess may %ift f "o "p to ano!r2 & ! animal sometimes makes a quick recov]y1 only to be foll[$ by ano!r attack 9 a %ort "t or p]haps nev] aga94 ,^! symptoms may be associat$ ) a rise 9 body temp]ature & increas$ pulse4 ,! disease may la/ = a long "t or only = a few days4 ,9 *ronic cases ! muscles decrease 9 size 9 ! p>ts affect$4 ,9 ! dog x is v pa9ful :5 caus$ to move & he w h[l1 or ev5 h[l :5 he ?9ks he is go+ to be mov$4 ,9 %eep x seldom occurs except 9 "y lambs4 ,pigs are (t5 affect$ 9 ! legs or back1 sometimes becom+ p>alyz$ 9 ! h9d legs4 ,rheumatism ( ! ,jo9ts usually %[s v rapid swell+1 increas$ heat1 & is v pa9ful4 ,! animal is (t5 s lame t x w n put any weight on ! foot ( ! affect$ limb4 ,= horses & c[s1 treatm5t consi/s ( local applications ( alcohol #ej p>ts & oil ( mu/>d #a "p1 rubb+ x 9 well2 or spirits ( camphor4 ,give at ! same "t int]nally #a teaspoonful ( potassium iodide twice daily & n to exce$ #ab doses2 or salicylate ( soda #d tablespoonfuls daily4 ,keep ! animal w>m & 9 a well-v5tilat$ /able4 ,pigs or dogs1 accord+ to size1 %\ld be giv5 f #d to #af gra9s ( salol1 also us+ ! above local applications4 ,,r+bone4--,a gr[? ( bone on ! pa/]n bone1 j above ! ho(4 ,x causes lam5ess :5 x int]f]es ) ! jo9t or ! passage ( any ( ! t5dons4 ,"s horses are pr$ispos$ to bony diseases f ! lea/ injury1 :ile o!rs are n1 & 9 select+ m>es = bre$+ purposes ! =m] %\ld be reject$4 ,?is disease results f /ra9s1 bruises1 or injuries to ! c>tilage ( ! jo9ts4 ,:5 ! membrane ( ! bone or c>tilage becomes inflam$ !re may be great lam5ess = sev]al mon?s be=e any enl>gem5t takes place1 & x is some:at difficult to detect4 ,! abs5ce ( o!r diseases ( ! foot1 ) "s heat 9 ! pa/]ns1 & sor5ess on pressure or mov+ ! jo9ts indicates ?is disease4 ,9 o!r cases ! enl>gem5t may make its appe>ance = "s "t be=e ! horse becomes lame1 & 9 "s cases x may nev] cause any lam5ess1 b %\ld always be look$ ^u ) suspicion1 z 9 ! majority ( cases x soon] or lat] causes lam5ess4 ,r+bone is m difficult to cure on ! =e feet ?an on ! h9d ones1 z ! pa/]ns are m upright on ! =m] ?an on ! latt]1 &1 besides1 ! horse's =e legs h to be> two-?irds ! weight ( ! body4 ,! horse %\ld h re/1 & ! %oes %\ld be remov$ & ! foot p>$ level4 ,if !re is heat 9 ! "p1 keep x wet ) ! foll[+ lotion by means ( a b&age saturat$ ) x3 ,acetate ( lead half an ounce & wat] "o qu>t4 ,cont9ue ?is = a few days1 !n apply a bli/] compos$ ( can?>ides #b teaspoonfuls1 b9iodide ( m]cury #a teaspoonful & l>d #h tablespoonfuls4 ,rub on a ?ird ( ?is ) ! f+]s4 ,x is n necess>y to cut (f ! hair if ! bli/] is well rubb$ 94 ,let x rema9 on = #bd h\rs1 !n wa% (f & rub on a little l>d4 ,repeat e second week until ?ree bli/]s h be5 appli$4 ,keep ! horse's head ti$ :ile ! bli/] is on s t he _c get 8 m\? to ! "p4 ,! horse %\ld h a few mon?s' re/ aft] ?is treatm5t4 ,if x does n cure ! animal x is be/ to h him fir$ by a qualifi$ vet]9>ian4 ,,r+worm4--,?is is common 9 ! dome/ic animals1 especially 9 calves & "y cattle1 & is contagi\s4 ,x dep5ds ^u ! pres5ce ( a vegetable p>asite1 :i* develops & gr[s rapidly :5 x f9ds a suitable place = developm5t4 ,r+worm may affect any "p ( ! body1 b its favorite seat is ar\nd ! eyes1 ! face1 e>s1 & neck ( cattle1 & sometimes ! back & h9dqu>t]s4 ,a gray cru/ appe>s on ! sk91 & ! hair drops out4 ,?is keeps spread+ 9 ! =m ( a r+ until ar\nd ! eyes1 ! side ( ! face1 e>s1 or neck may be cov]$ ) x4 ,x appe>s 9 ! same way on ! back1 hips1 & inside ( ! h9d legs4 ,x does n seem to affect ! heal? ( ! animal1 z x is f\nd 9 ! well-kept z well z ^? poorly kept4 ,fir/ remove ! cru/s by wa%+ ) w>m wat] 9 :i* "o ounce ( c>bonate ( potassium has be5 put to e qu>t ( wat]4 ,a bru% %\ld be us$ 9 wa%+ ! p>ts4 ,!n use ! foll[+3 ,iod9e #b teaspoonfuls & vasel9e #d tablespoonfuls4 ,rub a little ( ?is on ) a glov$ h&4 ,repeat 9 ?ree days4 ,or mix c>bolic acid #a ounce ) #b ounces ( alcohol & apply a little ( ?is to ! p>ts ) a fea!r once or twice2 ?is la/ is v effective4 ,,ro>+4--,a disease1 due to ! wa/+ ( ! l>ynx2 is *>act]iz$ by l\d1 unnatural s\nds aft] any viol5t ex]tion4 ,! disease sometimes foll[s di/emp] & influ5za or a local injury to ! ?roat4 ,once e/abli%$ ! disease is incurable4 ,9 its e>ly /ages repeat$ light bli/]s may help4 ,a common bli/] c be made ( a half teaspoonful ( can?>ides1 a half teaspoonful ( b9iodide ( m]cury & #d tablespoonfuls ( vasel9e or l>d4 ,,r\p4--,a disease ( ! muc\s membrane 9 f[ls4 ,x is ( ! nature ( an inflammation1 ) a dis*>ge f ! eyes & no/rils usually accompany+4 ,damp & unsanit>y qu>t]s favor ! developm5t & spread ( r\p4 ,x is cle>ly a g]m disease1 &1 !re=e1 contagi\s4 ,x is spread by means ( infect$ qu>t]s & f[ls4 ,all dis*>ges mu/ be de/roy$ by dis9fection1 & ! diseas$ f[ls qu>ant9$ (f by !mselves4 ,! dead %\ld be burn$4 ,keep ! qu>t]s light & airy2 admit an abundance ( sun%9e & fre% air4 ,fe$ :olesome1 nutriti\s food1 t ! p\ltry /ock may w>d (f ! disease4 ,! be/ treatm5t is t :i* prev5ts spread+ to heal?y f[ls4 ,if an outbreak occurs1 dis9fect ?or\ghly1 lib]ally1 & cont9u\sly4 ,antiseptics adm9i/]$ ab\t ! head w usually break up ! disease4 ,creol9 is good--say1 #a "p to #ajj p>ts ( wat]4 ,k]os5e is also recomm5d$4 ,9 a s5se1 r\p is ! result ( neglect$ colds4 ,! birds sneeze1 & manife/ _! uneas9ess z animals d ) common colds4 ,a teaspoonful ( pure c>bolic acid to ea* gallon ( dr9k+ wat] is an excell5t prev5tive & c be provid$ at small co/4 ,,s& ,,crack4--,a crack f\nd 9 any "p ( ! wall ( ! foot4 ,! crack is due to ov]-ex]tion4 ,:5 ! ho( is dry & h>d & brittle1 ! crack usually beg9s at ! top & ext5ds d[nw>d4 ,frequ5tly ! s5sitive tissue creeps into ! crack1 caus+ pa91 & f :i* blood frequ5tly issues4 ,:5 a crack is fir/ se51 ! feet %\ld be p\ltic$ ) l9se$ meal = a few days4 ,?is w remove ! inflammation & s(t5 ! ho(4 ,! next /ep w be to p>e out a piece ( ! ho( at ! top1 sep>at+ x completely f ! coron>y b& a half in* or s on ea* side ( ! crack d[n to ! quick4 ,fill ?is hole ) t>4 ,a b> %oe atta*$ s z n to re/ on ! wall :]e ! crack is locat$ is v helpful4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,cattle ,,ba? ,,tub ,! tank "h %[n is us$ = dipp+ ! cattle = treatm5t ( mange4 ,! dipp+ tank is n[ g5]ally us$ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/4 ,,scab ,,9 ,,cattle4--,scab or it*1 sometimes call$ mange ( cattle1 is caus$ by a m9ute mite t lives ^u ! surface ( ! sk91 burr[+ into x4 ,o!r animals are n attack$ by ?is p>asite1 al?\gh a simil> "o does afflict %eep4 ,s long z cattle are do+ well on grass1 no di/urbance is notic$4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z !y are plac$ on dry food & cold wea!r sets 91 ! disease appe>s1 &1 if ! cattle d poorly1 develops into a v aggravat+ =m4 ,old cattle are less tr\bl$1 ! attacks be+ m frequ5tly on calves & ye>l+s & two-ye>-olds out ( condition4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ! it*+ ( ! sk9 9 ! region ( ! neck or %\ld]s is fir/ notic$4 ,?is is indicat$ by ! animals digg+ at ! sk9 ) tee? & horns & ! con/ant rubb+ aga9/ po/s or b>b$ wire or any?+ t may give relief at ! "t4 ,! disease gradually spreads along ! back1 sides & outside ( legs4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ! coat looks r\gh1 ! sk9 has a scurvy appe>ance4 ,9 "t1 ! hair comes (f or is rubb$ (f1 pres5t+ bald pat*es ( ?ick1 glaz$ & wr9kl$ sk94 ,aft] ! hair comes (f ! p>asites leave ^! regions1 seek+ o!r qu>t]s & !n ! hair gr[s 9 aga94 ,!re is a deject$ & debilitat$ condition 9 animals ?us afflict$ & !y fail rapidly 9 fle%4 ,_! appetites are poor & mo/ ( _! "t is exp5d$ 9 scrat*+ !mselves4 ,scab spreads rapidly ?r\gh a bun* ( cattle1 especially if !y are n ?rifty1 & dissem9ates itself ?r\gh a h]d 9 f\r to six weeks4 ,! ?rifty1 vigor\s animals resi/ ! infection = "s "t1 b !y gradually succumb4 ,! disease is spread by direct contact & by contact ) infect$ qu>t]s4 ,:ile ! mites w live a week or t5 days 9 protect$ places1 !y are almo/ imm$iately de/roy$ by direct sunlight4 ,z soon z ! disease is discov]$ 9 a bun* ( cattle1 ! infect$ animal %\ld be isolat$ & ! infect$ qu>t]s & rubb+ po/s dis9fect$ ) a #e p] c5t solution ( c>bolic acid4 ,infect$ animals %\ld be well f$ & c>$ =1 & be salt$ ) a mixture ( #a p\nd ( fl[]s ( sulphur mix$ ) #aj p\nds ( common salt4 ,ext]nal treatm5t is necess>y to affect a cure4 ,if a l>ge numb] ( cattle are affect$1 a dipp+ wa% ?r\gh :i* ! animals mu/ swim 9 ! dip is ! be/ means = de/roy+ ! mites4 ,! mo/ effici5t rem$ies1 consid]+ co/1 are ! coal t> products adv]tis$ z dip solutions4 ,a homemade dip t is bo? *eap & effective = treat+ a small numb] ( animals may be made ( #c p\nds ( fl[]s ( sulphur1 #b p\nds ( unslak$ lime1 #ae gallons ( wat]4 ,9 mak+ ?is unslak$ lime into a ?ick pa/e1 sift 9 ! sulphur & /ir well4 ,put ?is mixture 9 a kettle )1 say1 five gallons ( wat] & boil = at lea/ half an h\r--a long] "t is bett]4 ,:5 ! *ocolate-look+ mass settles1 ! cle> liquid is drawn (f & wat] en\gh is add$ to make #ae gallons4 ,! dip w be m effective if us$ :5 w>m1 j a bit hott] ?an ! normal heat ( ! body4 ,aft] ! animals are dipp$1 !y %\ld rema9 9 ! solution ab\t two m9utes4 ,?is w be "t en\gh to ?or\ghly saturate ! scabs & de/roy !m4 ,a c\ple ( ablutions are requir$ = complete eradication4 ,:5 no treatm5t is resort$ to1 ! dip %\ld be appli$ ) a scrubb+ bru%1 clo? or sponges & all scabs & cru/s %\ld be ?or\ghly saturat$4 ,w>m sunny days are pref]able = ?is k9d ( "w4 ,,septic ,,navel ,,infection4--,a diseas$ condition at ! atta*m5t ( ! navel cord soon aft] bir?4 ,x is a good plan j aft] bir? to apply "s septic p[d] to ! navel at ! break+ po9t4 ,if tr\ble arises1 apply a solution ( c>bolic acid1 #a "p to #bj p>ts ( wat]1 aft] us+ "s hydrog5 p]oxide4 ,a little iod(orm & alum1 mix$ half & half1 make a good du/+ p[d] to use also4 ,,%eep ,,bots4--,see ,bot ,flies4 ,,side ,,bones4--,on ei!r side ( ! c(f9 bone !re is a c>tilage :i* may 9 c]ta9 cases become h>d5$ by deposits ( m9]al matt]s1 :i* may ?us lead to lam5ess4 ,side bones are situat$ on "o or bo? sides ( ! leg & bulge above ! upp] portion ( ! ho(4 ,!y may be ! result ( inflam$ conditions1 bruises or tr\bles l corns or ho( cracks4 ,slipp+ on ! /ony pavem5t is a frequ5t cause1 z well z ! great weight ( ! bodies 9 heavy horses4 ,if ! wagon tongue falls on ! foot at ?is po9t1 ! c>tilage may be injur$ & induce ! disease4 ,! swell+ is fir/ notic$ j above ! ho( or ne> ! heel4 ,lam5ess soon foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,side ,,bones ,:5 ! c>tilages on ei!r side ( ! foot ( a horse j at ! top ( ! ho( & close to ! heel turn to bone1 side bones are ! result4 ,! treatm5t usually recomm5d$ = side bones consi/s 9 ! free use ( cold foot ba?s or cold wat] b&ages = a week or m4 ,t9cture ( iod9e appli$ to ! swoll5 p>ts is v good4 ,a bli/] appli$ aft] ! wat] applications h be5 made = a week or s1 is us$ by _m vet]9>ians4 ,! bli/] is made ( #b teaspoonfuls ( can?>ides mix$ ) #d tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,x is rubb$ 9 well ) ! f+]s & all[$ to rema9 = #bd h\rs1 :5 x is wa%$ (f & appli$ a second "t ! foll[+ week4 ,^! applications are cont9u$ until ! lam5ess disappe>s4 ,if ?is does n br+ p]man5t relief1 !n fir+ ( ! injur$ p>ts & sev]al mon?s' re/ w be necess>y4 ,,slobb]+4--,"s k9ds ( food cause an unnatural fl[ ( saliva4 ,fre% crimson clov] hay is "o ( ^!4 ,( c\rse ! cont9ual fl[ ( saliva is undesirable & unpleasant4 ,x is unnatural & %\ld be *eck$ z soon z possible4 ,?is c be accompli%$ by *ang+ ! fe$ & !n wa%+ ! m\? out ) alum wat]4 ,if a *ange is n obs]v$ soon1 give a good physic4 ,= horses use #h teaspoonfuls ( bitt] aloes1 a teaspoonful ( common soda & a teaspoonful ( g+]4 ,mix ^! 9 a p9t ( wat] & give z a dr5*4 ,= cattle1 dissolve a p\nd ( ,epsom salts1 a tablespoonful ( common soda & a tablespoonful ( g+] 9 a qu>t ( lukew>m wat] & give z a dr5*4 ,,spasmodic ,,colic4--,see ,colic4 ,,spav94--,?is disease1 kn[n 9 common language z bone spav91 is an enl>gem5t ( ! hock jo9t simil> to a r+bone ab\t ! coron>y jo9t4 ,x may affect ! hock jo9t 9 su* a way z to cem5t ! small jo9ts toge!r1 n caus+ lam5ess1 & app>5tly no blemi%1 b ! free movem5t ( ! limb is impair$4 ,any condition :i* favors spra9s1 su* z fa/ driv+ ov] h>d or unev5 roads1 unequal p>+ ( ! ho(1 ?us caus+ ! weight to be unequally di/ribut$ 9 ! jo9ts1 & sev]e labor 9 e>ly life1 or bl[s1 bruises1 or any injuries to t5dons1 ligam5ts1 or jo9ts may cause spav94 ,9 addition to ^! causes may be m5tion$ spra9s caus$ by jump+1 gallop+1 or trott+ animals fa/] ?an !y are accu/om$ to2 also /ra9+ by />t+ a heavy load1 slipp+ on an icy surface or slid+ on a bad pavem5t4 ,if ! pati5t is exam9$ be=e any bony gr[? has develop$1 inflammation w be detect$ on ! inside ( ! hock jo9t at ! junction ( ! cannon bone & ! jo9t4 ,:ile 9 ! /able ! horse pref]s to re/ ! diseas$ leg by sett+ ! heel on ! toe ( ! opposite foot ) ! hock jo9t flex$4 ,9 travel+ ! pati5t is v lame :5 fir/ tak5 out ( ! b>n1 b aft] travel+ = a %ort di/ance goes s\nd4 ,! diseas$ leg is n lift$ cle> f ! gr\nd1 b nicks ! toe 9 ! middle ( ! /ride1 :i* is v noticeable on a pavem5t4 ,a /ra9$ horse becomes v lame aft] be+ all[$ to /& = ev5 a v %ort "t1 !n mov$ aga94 ,prev5tive treatm5t consi/s 9 keep+ horses' feet trimm$ prop]ly1 n ov]work+ colts :ile "y1 c>eful driv+ on h>d or unev5 roads1 & avoid+ all injuries t are liable to /ra9 t5dons1 ligam5ts or jo9ts ( ! limbs4 ,ev5 aft] a spav9 has develop$ x may be cur$ by prop] treatm5t ( ! feet1 & apply+ a fly bli/]4 ,! fly bli/] is prep>$ by mix+ ?or\ghly #d tablespoonfuls ( pulv]iz$ can?>ides1 #d tablespoonfuls ( b9iodide ( m]cury & #h ounces ( l>d4 ,! hair is clipp$ ov] ! spav9 & ! bli/] appli$ ) consid]able rubb+4 ,! horse's head %\ld be ti$ s z to avoid 8 bit+ ! "p bli/]$4 ,a second application ( ! bli/] is to be us$ ab\t a mon? aft] ! fir/4 ,if bli/]+ fails to cure ! spav91 po9t-fir+ may be resort$ to4 ,x is necess>y to 8fire0 r deeply to secure good results1 c>e be+ tak5 n to fire into a jo9t4 ,aft] fir+1 a fly bli/] %\ld be rubb$ into ! holes :]e ! hot iron has be5 us$4 ,,spay+4--,! removal ( ! ov>ies to prev5t bre$+4 ,ca/ ! animal on h] "r side4 ,give an ane/hetic to prev5t pa94 ,:5 ! animal is unconsci\s1 free ! limbs suffici5tly to remove any pressure f ! abdom54 ,n[ p9* up a fold ( ! sk9 9 ! left side1 midway betwe5 ! prom95t bone ( ! haun* or pelvis1 & ! la/ rib1 ab\t #d in*es bel[ ! backbone4 ,make an incision 9 ! sk9 #e or #f in*es long2 n[ d likewise ) ! abdom9al muscles until ! l9+ membrane ( ! abdom9al cavity is expos$4 ,?is membrane is !n punctur$ & an incision made z long z t 9 ! sk9 & muscles4 ,n[ kneel d[n 9 close contact ) ! c['s back & ins]t ! arm1 pass+ ! h& )9 ! brim or cavity ( ! pelvis4 ,by s do+ bo? ov>ies c be secur$ & deta*$4 ,?is end$1 ! op]ation ( unit+ ! abdom9al muscles foll[s by means ( /it*es & sutures4 ,great c>e is necess>y 9 hav+ ! in/rum5ts boil$ & wa%$ 9 antiseptics1 & 9 hav+ ! f+]s1 h&s1 & arms sev]ely clean & well saturat$ ) a /rong antiseptic solution4 ,! op]ation %\ld be made out 9 ! op5 :]e nei!r dirt nor du/ are to be f\nd4 ,extreme c>e ab\t g]ms w remove mu* ( ! risk associat$ ) ! op]ation4 ,9 spay+ a s[1 %e is laid on an incl9$ bo>d ) ! h9dqu>t]s up4 ,! op]ator /&s at ! back ( ! s[4 ,! hair is fir/ clipp$ f ! sk9 :]e ! incision is to be made1 high up 9 ! flank & midway betwe5 ! haun* & ! la/ rib4 ,! incision ne$s to be j l>ge en\gh to admit ! two f+]s4 ,ov>ies are locat$1 pull$ ?r\gh ! op5+ 9 ! flank1 & remov$ by te>+ (f ) ! f+]s4 ,! flank incision is !n clos$ by ! necess>y numb] ( /it*es4 ,?is op]ation is sometimes p]=m$ 9 m>es4 ,b be+ r uncommon ! process is less und]/ood4 ,9 ?is case x is be/ to call y\r vet]9>ian or someone 9 ! community well skill$ 9 ! op]ation4 ,9 all cases ( spay+ let sev]e cleanl9ess be ! rule & practice1 f ! v beg9n+ to ! v end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spl9t ,,spl9ts4--,spl9ts occur m commonly 9 ! heavi] bre$s ( horses ?an 9 ^? t are light 9 ! bone bel[ ! knee4 ,x is r>e t spl9ts occur any:]e except on ! inside ( ! front cannon bone1 al?\gh !y are sometimes se5 on ! outside ( bo? ! front & h9d legs4 ,any enl>gem5t ( ! bone occurr+ on ! inside ( ! leg betwe5 ! knee & fetlock comes "u ! "n ( spl9t4 ,! usual cause is concussion1 t is1 ! impact ( ! foot on ! h>d road4 ,x may be ! result ( o!r causes1 su* z a bl[1 a twi/+ /ra9 or faulty con=mation4 ,"s animals are m liable to spl9ts ?an o!rs4 ,x is1 aft] all1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 dep5d5t ^u h]$ity4 ,at fir/ ! spl9t is h>d to detect4 ,if y notice a "y horse go+ lame :ile do+ road "w1 x is well to exam9e = spl9ts4 ,:ile work+ !re seems to be no lam5ess at all1 & :5 /&+ !re seems to be no pa91 b :5 put to a trot ! horse %[s lam5ess & may raise & l[] 8 head4 ,if tak5 9 "t1 a spl9t c be cur$4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d ) an animal suff]+ f a spl9t is to give ! animal re/ & place 9 su* qu>t]s :]e !re is a s(t floor1 pref]ably ! gr\nd1 & :5 s qu>t]$ "o v frequ5tly effects a complete cure4 ,! application ( cold wat] b&ages acts well4 ,if treatm5t ( ?is sort fails1 apply a bli/] ( r$ iodide ( m]cury1 #a tablespoonful to #b tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,?is bli/] %\ld be appli$ ) rubb+ e day f two to f\r days1 or until ! area is well bli/]$4 ,!n wait until ! little scabs fall (f1 & if ! animal is /ill lame1 repeat ! application ( ?is bli/]4 ,to apply ! bli/]1 clip (f ! hair ov] ! enl>gem5t & wa% ) v9eg> to remove grease1 !n rub 9 bli/] ) ends ( f+]s4 ,keep ! animals ti$ %ort = two to f\r days 9 ord] to prev5t rubb+ or bit+ ! leg4 ,f\r days aft] ! la/ application ( bli/]1 wa% c>efully ) w>m wat] & soap & ov] x apply e day or s a little l>d1 to prev5t dry+ & also to loos5 ! scabs4 ,,spra9s4--,injuries to ! ligam5ts ( jo9ts1 t5dons1 or muscles4 ,!y are caus$ by viol5ce1 z twi/+1 or f ov]-ex]tion2 also spra9s are (t5 ! result ( ov]work4 ,if an animal is work$ until tir$ or exhau/$ he is unable to use ! prop] muscle =ce1 & m /ra9 has to be borne by ! ligam5ts1 result+ 9 spra9s1 :i* (t5 occur 9 "y horses or ev5 9 old horses1 :5 put to "w aft] long p]iods ( re/4 ,swell+1 heat1 sor5ess1 & p>tial or complete loss ( ! use ( ! "p1 :i* is %[n by ! degree ( lam5ess1 *>act]ize ! disord]4 ,spra9s are mo/ common 9 ! legs1 at ! fetlock jo9t1 9 ! t5dons j back & above ! fetlocks1 b may occur 9 any "p4 ,! fir/ & mo/ important ?+ 9 ! treatm5t ( spra9s is re/1 z spra9s are a long "t 9 mak+ a complete recov]y4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages1 t is1 be=e swell+ has tak5 place1 applications ( cold wat] %\ld be us$1 applications ( hot wat]1 or hot packs ( wat]1 #a1jjj p>ts1 & bi*loride ( m]cury #a "p1 are v good4 ,?is w relieve ! pa9 & r$uce ! swell+4 ,applications ( l9im5ts are also v good4 ,%\ld !re be great heat & sor5ess 9 ! "p1 x is well to use cold applications4 ,nev] bli/] 9 ! e>ly /ages4 ,a bli/] may be us$ aft] ! swell+ has gone d[n1 & ! "p has become cold1 f two to f\r weeks aft] ! injury occurr$4 ,?is %\ld be foll[$ by re/ = "s "t aft] all lam5ess has disappe>$4 ,,/agg]s4--,/agg]s 9 horses is an affection ( ! bra9 %[+ itself usually 9 "o ( two =ms--sleepy or /oma* /agg]s & bl9d or mad /agg]s4 ,9 ! fir/ =m ! /oma* is at fault4 ,sudd5 *ange ( fe$1 moldy or dirty food heavy "w or fa/ driv+ "r aft] a heavy meal or sev]e exposure is liable to cause indige/ion 9 ! /oma* & ?is is reflect$ to ! bra91 caus+ ! animal to act dull or sleepy1 sometimes %[+ symptoms ( s]i\s colic1 ) gas =m+ f ! f]m5tation ( ! food1 frequ5tly result+ 9 dea?4 ,bl9d or mad /agg]s is an inflammation ( ! bra9 & may affect any ( ! l[] animals4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is =m ! symptoms closely resemble ^? 9 ! /oma* =m1 b z ! inflammation progresses ! animal becomes bl9d & viol5t & may roll1 paw1 kick1 w&] ar\nd 9 a circle1 usually go+ only "o way1 ei!r to ! left or "r1 or x may walk or run 9 a /raight l9e z ne> z possible = h\rs at a "t--pay+ no att5tion to injuries receiv$ 9 its travels4 ,9 ei!r case ! animal may be dr5*$ once daily ) a qu>t ( raw l9se$ oil or a p\nd ( ,glaub] salts1 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 :i* sometimes gives relief4 ,/agg]s 9 ,%eep is mo/ly caus$ by ! "y /age ( a tapeworm :i* infe/s %eep dogs4 ,! dog eats ! infect$ bra9 ( ! %eep & ! %eep eats ! egg ( ! tapeworm aft] x has pass$ ?r\gh ! dog4 ,aft] ! egg hat*es 9 ! /oma* ( ! %eep ! "y worm passes ?r\gh ! b[els & o!r organs or tissues or circulates ?r\gh ! blood & rea*es ! bra91 :]e x develops & causes an inflammation1 result+ 9 disease4 ,x is mo/ common 9 "y animals1 r>ely occurr+ 9 %eep aft] _! second ye>4 ,prev5tion is ab\t ! only practical way ( h&l+ ?is tr\ble4 ,! gr\nds %\ld be ?or\ghly dra9$1 all[+ ! animals only pure1 fre% wat] to dr9k4 ,x may be necess>y to *ange pa/ures = a ye> or two4 ,! bra9s ( all %eep kill$ & ! heads ( all dy+ ) ! disease %\ld be burn$4 ,,/oma* ,,& ,,inte/9al ,,worms ,,9 ,,%eep4--,if a box ( salt is kept cov]$ 9 "s place frequ5t$ by ! %eep1 to :i* !y are all[$ to help !mselves1 & if said salt is saturat$ ) spirits ( turp5t9e 9 proportions ( a gill to e f\r qu>ts ( salt1 x w wond]fully help to keep ! worms f multiply+4 ,x is well1 also1 to h ano!r box ( l>g] size1 :]e %eep c help !mselves at w1 fill$ ) tobacco /ems4 ,^! /ems %\ld be cut up 9 in* l5g?s & f "t to "t a quantity ( :eat bran %\ld be put on top ( ! /ems4 ,:5 ?is is done ! %eep soon in/9ctively le>n to use tobacco1 & no "y inte/9al worm or /oma* worm1 except ! tapeworm1 c /& ! diet4 ,?is w n kill mature worms4 ,x w only prev5t ! worm family multiply+ to ! ext5t ( injur+ ! heal? ( %eep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,twi/$ ,,/oma* ,,worms ,a common attitude obs]v$ :5 %eep are afflict$ ) twi/$ /oma* worms4 ,! animal loses 9 fle%1 & unless relief is f\nd 9 "t1 dies4 ,! p>asite is %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,b no %eep own] %\ld feel :olly satisfi$ by prev5tive treatm5t ( /oma* worms4 ,twice a ye> ! :ole flock %\ld be dr5*$ ) "s ag5t :i* w de/roy ! mature worms4 ,!re are two v inexp5sive dr5*es :i* w q effectually d ?is4 ,! "o is gasol9e1 ! o!r coal t> creosote4 ,! objection to gasol9e is t x ne$s to be s extremely c>efully us$ or %eep w be kill$ by x4 ,! dose is #a tablespoonful 7nev] m at "o dose7 to a mature %eep2 mix ) n less ?an #d tablespoonfuls ( raw l9se$ oil 7nev] boil$ oil72 !n add a half p9t ( sweet milk4 ,9 giv+1 set ! %eep up on its haun*es & %ake ! liquids well toge!r until ! la/ m9ute x is adm9i/]$1 or ! gasol9e w sep>ate &1 if x ent]s ! /oma* 9 ! unmix$ =m1 x w s]i\sly injure & may kill ! %eep4 ,!re is no direct v]mifuge t w z effectually kill all species ( worms 9 a %eep's /oma* & inte/9es z w gasol9e2 yet ! coal t> creosote or ! m ref9$ class ( %eep dips1 if giv5 aft] a full #ab-;h\r fa/1 be=e ! flock is turn$ to pa/ure 9 ! spr+1 & aga9 ab\t ,novemb]1 w de/roy a l>ge numb] ( ! mature worms4 ,all lambs born 9 ,april or ,may %\ld be dr5*$ ab\t ,augu/ or ,septemb] foll[+1 to be c]ta9 ( ridd+ !m ( worms t may lat] cause _! dea?4 ,! dose ( any ( ! %eep dips is a dess]tspoonful mix$ 9 a full p9t ( wat]4 ,,/one ,,9 ,,bladd]4--,see ,concretions or ,calculi ( ,ur9>y ,organs4 ,,/rangles4--,?is tr\ble1 commonly call$ colt di/emp]1 affects horses1 & r>ely mules & donkeys4 ,x is su* an infecti\s disease t ne>ly all horses contract ! disease :5 colts & usually rema9 immune to future exposures4 ,! cause is a v small organism or g]m :i* ent]s ! sy/em :5 a heal?y colt comes 9 contact ) a diseas$ "o or :5 f$ & wat]$ 9 infect$ vessels4 ,! seat ( tr\ble is l>gely re/rict$ to ! respiratory organs1 occasionally caus+ difficulty 9 brea?+1 ow+ to swell+ 9 region ( ?roat or to accumulations 9 air passages4 ,! symptoms />t out ) m or less sluggi%ness4 ,! animal eats little1 & does n c>e to take mu* ex]cise4 ,a little wat]y dis*>ge frequ5tly appe>s f ! eyes1 & ab\t ! same "t a wat]y dis*>ge f ! no/rils1 :i* soon becomes ?ick] & m yell[ 9 color4 ,usually ! gl&s betwe5 ! l[] jawbones become enl>g$ & und]go suppuration ) a rupture ( !m & free dis*>ge ( pus4 ,! temp]ature ( ! animal may be slightly or v greatly increas$ f #ajc to #aje4 ,! pulsations may also be consid]ably quick5$4 ,:5 complications d n occur ?is disease usually runs its c\rse 9 two weeks1 leav+ ! animal little ! worse = hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! affliction4 ,! mild] =ms ( ?is disease w ne$ little or no treatm5t o!r ?an c>eful fe$+ & nurs+4 ,a laxative diet1 ) some?+ gre51 if possible1 %\ld be giv54 ,! colt %\ld be plac$ 9 clean1 airy1 & com=table qu>t]s1 b n 9 a draft4 ,to ha/5 ! suppuration ( ! gl&s a p\ltice ( hot bran or flaxse$ may be appli$ to t region1 & z soon z s(t5+ c be detect$ )91 puncture ! gl& conta9+ abscess ) a clean knife blade & all[ ! escape ( ! collection ( pus4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! disease ! animal %\ld n be work$ & c>e %\ld be tak5 t x be n expos$ to conditions likely to produce a cold4 ,,/r+halt ,,9 ,,horses4--,/r+halt is an involunt>y contraction ( ! muscles t br+ ! h9d leg or legs =w>d4 ,! cause ( /r+halt is a d]ang$ condition ( ! n]ves supply+ ! muscles1 caus+ ! leg or legs to be br\ght up ) a j]k4 ,9 slight cases ( /r+halt x is necess>y sometimes to turn ! animal r\nd f "r to left1 & f left to "r1 9 ord] to make him %[ signs ( /r+halt1 ! symptoms ( ! disease be+ exhibit$ z he turns "o way only4 ,?is disease sometimes comes on sudd5ly1 b g5]ally develops sl[ly4 ,x is an uns\ndness1 & depreciates ! animal's value & makes him unfit = h>d "w or fa/ driv+4 ,!re is no sure cure = /r+halt2 ! animal c sometimes be reliev$ by giv+ him "o ounce bromide ( potassium at a dose twice a day 9 bran ma%1 & cont9u+ x = "o week1 !n skipp+ a week & giv+ aga94 ,x c sometimes be reliev$ by cutt+ ! t5don or t5dons ( ! affect$ muscles1 b ! op]ation %\ld be p]=m$ by a qualifi$ vet]9>ian4 ,,sun/roke4--,see ,heat ,exhau/ion & ,sun/roke4 ,,swamp ,,fev]4--,?is disease1 by "s call$ infecti\s anemia ( horses1 is produc$ by an invisible organism1 :i* is transmissible to horses1 mules1 & asses4 ,ab\t ! fir/ symptoms notic$ are a g5]al weakness ( ! animal2 x tires v easily & is n able to d any "w4 ,! loss ( fle% is app>5t 9 spite ( ! voraci\s appetite :i* ! animal has at times4 ,! appetite usually rema9s good until dea?1 b ! fe$ seems to d ! animal no good4 ,! temp]ature is v irregul>4 ,"s days x runs q high1 at times to #ajg2 aga9 x is bel[ normal4 ,an animal may h sev]al attacks ( ! tr\ble1 b ea* succe$+ attack seems to be m sev]e4 ,! blood becomes ?91 & ! circulation impair$1 & frequ5tly !re appe>s a swell+ "u ! *e/ or abdom51 or an enl>gem5t ( "o or m legs4 ,x is q easy to recognize ! tr\ble1 especially 9 ! advanc$ /ages4 ,! sl[ progress at ! beg9n+1 remitt5t fev]1 progressive emaciation & anemia1 unimpair$ or rav5\s appetite1 /agg]+ gait1 & excessive ur9ation are usually all pres5t to a great] or less degree4 ,recov]y takes place only :5 treatm5t is begun e>ly & :5 ! disease is n too acute4 ,9 treat+1 absolute re/ until fully recov]$ is "o ( ! prim>y requisites1 & purgatives are to be avoid$4 ,= ! fev]1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture recomm5ds an antipyretic ( qu99e #dj gra9s1 acetanilide #b drams1 & p[d]$ nux vomica #cj gra9s1 f\r times daily4 ,cold wat] sponge ba?s & frequ5t copi\s rectal injections ( cold wat] also aid 9 r$uc+ ! fev]4 ,aft] ! fev] subsides ! foll[+ is recomm5d$3 ,ars5i\s acid1 #b grams2 p[d]$ nux vomica1 #bh grams2 p[d]$ c9*ona b>k1 #he grams2 p[d]$ g5tian root1 #aaj grams4 ,^! %\ld be well mix$ & "o-half teaspoonful giv5 at ea* fe$ ( ! affect$ animal4 ,z 9 ! case ( all o!r infecti\s diseases1 ! heal?y %\ld be sep>at$ f ! sick horses1 & ?or\gh dis9fection ( ! infect$ /able1 /alls1 litt]1 & /able ut5sils %\ld be us$ by mix+ six ounces ( any "o ( ^! *emicals ) "o gallon ( wat]4 ,"o ( ! approv$ coal-t> %eep dips might also be us$ to advantage 9 a five p] c5t solution1 & %\ld be appli$ lib]ally to all p>ts ( ! /able1 & suffici5t lime may be add$ to ! solution to make ! dis9fectant area conspicu\s4 ,f ! fact t ! disease is m preval5t dur+ wet seasons1 x is always be/ to gu>d aga9/ all[+ ! animals to graze ^u swampy l& or to dr9k f ponds ( /agnant wat]4 ,! spread ( ! disease has be5 trac$ along creeks f "o f>m to ano!r1 :i* w\ld sugge/ avoid+ ^! places also4 ,! dra9+ ( ! l[1 swampy l&s is especially recomm5d$4 ,,swe5y4--,wa/+ ( ! muscles cov]+ ! %\ld] blade ( ! horse is commonly call$ 8swe5y10 & ! cause may be any /ra91 spra91 j]k1 or bruise ( ! p>ts due to a bad fitt+ coll>1 or to awkw>d /eps ( a colt pl[+ = ! fir/ "t1 & especially :5 work$ 9 ! furr[4 ,! great n]ves ( ! %\ld] are affect$1 & 9 consequ5ce nutrition is impair$ & ! muscles wa/e away4 ,a simil> condition may affect ! muscles ( ! hip1 or ( ! space betwe5 ! /ifle & hip4 ,lam5ess seldom is a prom95t feature 9 %\ld] swe5y4 ,ord9>ily ! wa/+ comes on "s "t aft] ! causative injury2 !n ! sk9 alone appe>s to cov] ! bone 7scapula7 & ! animal may h little p[] = "w4 ,9 ?is connection x %\ld be rememb]$ t wa/+ ( ! %\ld] muscles also may be due to any *ronic lam5ess or sor5ess ( ! foot1 or leg1 betwe5 foot & %\ld]4 ,wa/+ 7atrophy7 ( muscles occurs :5 ! muscles = any reason are n fully ex]cis$4 ,x1 !re=e1 is important to make sure :e!r ! cause is 9 ! foot or 9 ! %\ld] be=e comm5c+ treatm5t4 ,treatm5t consi/s 9 /imulat+ fl[ ( blood to ! poorly n\ri%$ p>ts1 & if ?is c be done ! muscles gradually gr[ 9 aga9 & rega9 _! normal developm5t & p[]4 ,an old-fa%ion$ plan is to make incisions 9 ! sk9 & !n bl[ up ! p>ts ) air to sep>ate ! sk9 f ! bone4 ,?is %\ld n be done4 ,setons 7r[els7 ( tape may be ins]t$ "u ! sk91 b !y leave sc>s4 ,bett] treatm5t consi/s 9 rubb+ ! p>ts twice daily ) a /imulat+ l9im5t1 or bli/]+ at int]vals ( ?ree weeks ) c]ate ( can?>ides1 aft] remov+ ! hair4 ,a suitable l9im5t may be made by mix+ toge!r f\r ounces ( druggi/'s soap l9im5t1 "o ounce ea* ( aqua ammonia & wat] to make "o p9t4 ,,sw9e ,,plague4--,see ,hog ,*ol]a4 ,,tape ,,worms4--,! flat worms ( dome/ic animals4 ,!y are mo/ s]i\s & common 9 %eep4 ,treatm5t is only p>tially satisfactory4 ,to get any reasonable result food mu/ be )held = sev]al h\rs be=e ! m$ic9e is giv54 ,use ! foll[+3 #a teaspoonful ( e!real extract ( male f]n 9 f\r ounces ( ca/or oil4 ,x is desirable to keep ! %eep inclos$1 s t ! gr\nd c be dis9fect$ aft] ! worms are expell$1 o!rwise infection w occur "r ov] aga94 ,,tetanus4--,see ,lockjaw4 ,illu/ration3 ,,texas ,,fev] ,! annual loss to ! ,s\?1 because ( ! cattle tick1 ext5ds into _m millions ( doll>s4 ,inve/igations %[ t a complete ext]m9ation c be effect$ at a co/ ( #f p] f>m4 ,,texas ,,or ,,tick ,,fev]4--,! e>lie/ acc\nts t we h ( ?is disease date back to #ahad4 ,x 0 f\nd t cattle driv5 f a c]ta9 di/rict 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a to o!r p>ts ( ! /ate w\ld infect o!rs ) ! disease1 :ile !y !mselves seem$ to be 9 p]fect heal?4 ,! disease is kn[n by v>i\s names 9 ! diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is (t5 call$ r$ wat]1 ,spani% fev]1 ,au/ralian tick fev]1 & mura94 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,typical ,,case ,,( ,,foot ,,& ,,m\? ,,disease ,! disease %[s itself ab\t ! m\?1 ! feet & ! teats4 ,:5 an outbreak occurs all affect$ animals %\ld be de/roy$ & all qu>t]s ?or\ghly dis9fect$4 ,?is is a specific fev]1 & is *>act]iz$ by ! peculi>ity among animal diseases t animals :i* scatt] ! infection are app>5tly 9 good heal?1 :ile ^? :i* sick5 & die f x d n1 z a rule1 infect o!rs4 ,:5 ! cattle are br\ght into ! infect$ di/ricts !y usually contract ! disease dur+ ! fir/ ( ! summ]1 & if !y are adult cattle1 p>ticul>ly mil* c[s or fat cattle1 ne>ly all die2 calves are m likely to survive4 ,! disease is "o f :i* immunity is acquir$1 &1 !re=e1 calves :i* recov] f ! disease are n aga9 attack$1 z a rule1 ev5 aft] !y become adult4 ,:5 ! disease is preval5t or scatt]$ beyond ! infect$ di/rict ! roads1 b>ns & pa/ures are dang]\s until freez+ wea!r1 :5 ! disease disappe>s & cattle c be kept 9 ! gr\nds or driv5 ov] ! roads )\t cat*+ ! disease4 ,! midw9t] mon?s is ! only "t t cattle c be safely driv5 f an infect$ area to a non-infect$ area )\t spread+ ! disease4 ,! ,cause4--,texas fev] is caus$ by an organism :i* lives )9 ! r$-blood corpuscles & breaks !m up4 ,x is n a bact]ia1 b a protozoa1 & belongs to ! l[e/ =ms ( ! animal k+dom4 ,h[ x gets into ! blood corpuscles is n kn[n4 ,! fatality is due n s mu* to ! loss ( blood corpuscles z to ! difficulty :i* ! organs h 9 gett+ rid ( ! wa/e products aris+ f ?is :olesale de/ruction4 ,! ,c\rse ( ! ,disease4--,aft] a p]iod ( exposure1 :i* may v>y f #ac to #ij days1 ! disease fir/ %[s itself 9 dullness1 loss ( appetite & a t5d5cy to leave ! h]d & lie d[n alone4 ,a few days be=e ^! symptoms appe> ! temp]ature rises f #ajc to #ajg4 ,!re is little *ange 9 temp]ature until dea? or recov]y4 ,pa?ological ,*anges ,obs]vable ,aft] ,dea?4--,! pres5ce ( small ticks on ! udd] or escut*eon is a v important sign 9 h]ds nor? ( ! ,texas fev] l9e4 ,! wat]y condition ( ! blood4 ,! sple5 or milt v mu* enl>g$1 & fill$ ) a blacki% pulp4 ,enl>gem5t ( ! liv]1 & its color *ang$ to a mahogany color4 ,! di/5d$ gall-bladd]1 caus$ by an excessive am\nt ( bile 9 x4 ,! ,cattle ,tick 7,boophilus bovis7 is ! c>ri] ( ?is disease4 ,its life hi/ory is q simple4 ,x is unable to come to maturity & reproduce its k9d unless x becomes atta*$ to ! sk9 ( cattle1 :5ce x may obta9 its food4 ,! eggs laid on ! gr\nd by ! female tick aft] fall+ (f ! cattle beg9 to develop at once4 ,! "t requir$ = hat*+ v>ies consid]ably1 accord+ to ! temp]ature4 ,9 ! heat ( summ] ab\t #ac days1 & 9 ! fall1 "u ! same conditions1 f f\r to six weeks4 ,on pa/ures ^! little creatures soon f9d _! way on to cattle4 ,!y atta* !mselves1 by pref]5ce1 to ! t5d] sk9 on ! escut*eon1 ! inside ( ! ?ighs1 & on ! base ( ! udd]4 ,:5 v num]\s !y may be f\nd on v>i\s p>ts ( ! body4 ,!y rema9 cl++ to ! cattle until mature1 & !n fall (f & lay _! eggs & hat* m new ticks4 ,h[ ,prev5tion ,is ,possible4--,! spread ( ,texas fev] c be prev5t$ by two ways--sanit>y arrangem5ts & by vacc9ation4 ,:]e ! cattle are infect$ ) ! tick1 ! ticks c be kill$ by sme>+ ! animals ) a solution capable ( kill+ ! ticks )\t h>m+ ! cattle4 ,9 l>ge h]ds a l>ge vat ( crude petroleum is us$ to imm]se ! cattle 94 ,9 small h]ds sme> ! cattle ) a mixture ( equal p>ts ( cottonse$ oil & crude petroleum4 ,h[ to rid ! pa/ures ( ! tick )\t kill+ ! vegetation on !m has = a long "t be5 ! problem4 ,divide ! pa/ure 9 two p>ts by a d\ble p>allel l9e ( f5ce ) a #aj-;foot space betwe51 to prev5t ticks f crawl+ across4 ,"o ( ^! pa/ures is !n kept free ( cattle = two w9t]s & "o summ]4 ,aft] ! second w9t] x w be free ( ticks & ready = tickless cattle1 :5 ! o!r pa/ure is ab&on$ = ! same "t4 ,vacc9ation is = ! purpose ( immuniz+ cattle t are br\ght f a non-infect$ di/rict to an infect$ di/rict4 ,calves ab\t six to eight mon?s old %\ld be us$1 z !y are m immune ?an adult cattle4 ,! immunity is caus$ by introduc+ ! g]m into ! blood 9 a weak5$ =m4 ,?is may be done 9 two ways--by plac+ virul5t "y ticks on ! calves or by artificial vacc9ation4 ,:5 ?is is practic$1 x %\ld be done 9 two or ?ree inoculations1 z x gives bett] results4 ,! int]vals %\ld be ab\t ?ree weeks4 ,! am\nt ( virul5t blood %\ld be small ! fir/ "t & increas$ 9 ! foll[+ treatm5ts4 ,! inoculation always results 9 a m or less s]i\s attack ( ! fev] ^u ! animal treat$4 ,"s may die1 b ! proportion ( dea?s result+ among animals tak5 directly into ! infect$ di/rict is l>ge to ! proportion ( dea?s result+ f vacc9ation4 ,m$ical treatm5t = ?is disease has prov5 unsatisfactory 9 ! acute =m1 al?\gh 9 "s *ronic cases "s good results may h be5 obta9$ by m$ical treatm5t4 ,,?ick ,,leg4--,see ,lymphangitis4 ,,?or\ghp94--,an enl>gem5t situat$ on ! sides & upp] "p ( ! hock jo9t ( ! horse1 aris+ f a d]angem5t ( ! %ea? ( ! back t5don4 ,! fluid ) :i* x is fill$ c be press$ f "o side to ! o!r1 h5ce ! t]m ?or\ghp94 ,x seldom causes lam5ess4 ,= treatm5t mix a teaspoonful ( b9iodide ( m]cury ) #d tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,rub on a little ) ! f+]s1 let x rema9 on = #bd h\rs1 !n wa% (f & rub on a little l>d or vasel9e4 ,repeat ! bli/] e ?ird week until ! enl>gem5t disappe>s4 ,! horse %\ld h re/ :ile "u treatm5t4 ,,?ru%4--,a diseas$ condition ( ! secret+ surface ( ! fatty frog 9 ! foot4 ,9 sev]e cases ! horny "p (t5 deta*es f ! s5sitive tissue )94 ,bad %oe+ is a common cause ( ! tr\ble1 or any?+ else t prev5ts ! frog f com+ 9 contact ) ! gr\nd4 ,lam5ess is sometimes associat$ ) ! disease4 ,treatm5t consi/s ( c>eful clean+1 foll[$ ) l9se$ meal p\ltices if lame4 ,aft] ! foot is made dry1 ins]t calomel into ! little cavities4 ,! calomel c be kept 9 & ! dirt kept out by us+ pap] or clo? plugs4 ,foll[ ?is treatm5t until normal condition is atta9$4 ,,?umps4--,?is disease is limit$ 9 its action to pigs4 ,its cause is n def9itely kn[n4 ,x is recogniz$ by a peculi> contraction ( ! diaphragm 9 "y pigs4 ,:ile ! pig may eat fairly well ! di/urbance is associat$ ) dige/ion4 ,su* pati5ts l to lie ar\nd & take v little ex]cise4 ,! disease is m common :]e "o k9d ( food l corn is f$4 ,! old common me?od 0 to cut (f ! e>4 ,! common practice n[ is to give a purgative s z to relieve ! /oma* & b[els ( accumulat$ mat]ial4 ,! food %\ld be *ang$ & f #a to #b tablespoonfuls ( ,epsom salts %\ld be giv54 ,! j]k+ movem5t ( ! muscles may be reliev$ or /opp$ by us+ laudanum1 say1 f\r drops to #a or #b teaspoonfuls ( aromatic spirits ( ammonia 9 a half p9t ( wat]4 ,,tick ,,fev]4--,see ,texas ,fev]4 ,,tri*9osis4--,a disease caus$ by ! tri*9a1 a m9ute worm t affects p1 hogs & rats4 ,p become affect$ ) ! disease f raw or p>tly cook$ pork4 ,^! worms are kill$ by ?or\gh cook+ or by ! process ( hot pickl+ & cur+ meat products4 ,hogs become affect$ ?r\gh eat+ (fal & rats ab\t ! slaught]h\ses4 ,hogs t are f$ on gre5 grass & o!r :olesome food1 free f ^! m9ute worms1 are less likely to h tri*9 emb$d$ 9 _! fle% & muscles4 ,hogs d n seem to be bo!r$ ) ! tri*91 b p suff] v sev]ely1 z bo? sor5ess 9 ! muscles & fev] result4 ,a few days aft] eat+ ! tri*91 ! worms multiply v rapidly 9 ! dige/ive tract1 f :i* !y migrate to o!r p>ts ( ! body & "w _! way ?r\gh ! tissues4 ,!re is no rem$y 9 way ( treatm5t :5 affect$4 ,prev5tion is ! "o cure4 ,inasmu* z five to t5 p] c5t ( hogs are affect$1 x is advisable t all pork or ham be eat5 only aft] mo/ ?or\gh cook+4 ,,tub]culosis4--,tub]culosis is a disease result+ f ! gr[? ( tub]cle bact]ia 9 ! tissues ( ! animal4 ,! bact]ia1 or g]ms1 ( tub]culosis1 usually ga9 entrance to ! organs ( ! body by be+ tak5 9 ) ! food4 ,sometimes !y p5etrate ?r\gh ! membranes 9 ! ?roat & get into ! gl&s ( ! head4 ,sometimes !y are tak5 into ! dige/ive tract1 :]e !y pass ?r\gh ! walls ( ! inte/9es into ! lymph *annels & are c>ri$ ?r\gh ! l>ge lymph vessel into ! blood circulation4 ,9 "s cases x w\ld seem t ! bact]ia get into ! lungs on p>ticles ( du/ t are inhal$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tub]culosis ,,g]ms ,^! g]ms may be inhal$ 9 ! lungs ) ! air1 admitt$ to ! /oma* & inte/9es ) food & dr9k1 or e/abli%$ 9 ! fle% by inoculation ?r\gh brok5 sk9 or muc\s membrane4 ,aft] gett+ into ! body1 tub]cle bact]ia multiply 9 ! tissues to :i* !y h be5 c>ri$ & produce ! *anges 9 !m :i* we f9d on ! exam9ation ( an animal suff]+ ) tub]culosis4 ,tub]culosis1 !re=e1 is simply ! outcome ( ! gr[? ( ! tub]cle bact]ia 9 ! organs4 ,:]e ,tub]cles ,are to ,be ,f\nd4--,tub]cul\s areas may be f\nd 9 almo/ any "p ( ! infect$ animal1 b ! organs t are usually affect$ are ! lymphatic gl&s1 ei!r 9 ! ?roat1 ! bron*ial gl&s or ^? ab\t ! inte/9es & on ! liv]2 ! lungs2 ! liv]2 ! kidneys2 inte/9es2 udd] & g5]ative organs4 ,! membrane cov]+ ! lungs 7pleura71 ! he>t 7p]ic>dium71 & inte/9es 7p]itoneum71 are frequ5tly affect$4 ,x (t5 happ5s t a l>ge mass1 or masses1 ( tub]cul\s tissue gr[ ov] "o or m ( ^! membranes4 ,! mo/ peculi> ?+ ab\t bov9e tub]culosis is ! fact t frequ5tly an animal w appe> to be p]fectly well1 b :5 slaught]$ w be f\nd to h a l>ge numb] ( tub]cul\s areas or masses on ! membranes or 9 its organs4 ,! reason = ?is is t ! diseas$ area is n at a vital po9t4 ,! organ or membrane affect$ dep5ds ^u ! "o to :i* ! g]m is c>ri$4 ,usually animals are infect$ 9 b "o organ 9 ! beg9n+1 & f ?is diseas$ area ! g]ms spread ?r\gh ! blood vessels or lymph *annels to o!r organs4 ,:5 ! diseas$ area is re/rict$ to "o organ or "p1 x is call$ 8localiz$0 tub]culosis1 because x appe>s at ! po9t :]e ! se$ or g]m 0 fir/ plant$4 ,:5 ! g]ms spread ?r\gh ! circulation f ?is fir/ or prim>y diseas$ area to o!r organs & set up new tub]cul\s gr[?s1 ! condition is call$ 8g5]aliz$0 tub]culosis4 ,:5 cattle are slaught]$ = food1 if !y are f\nd to be afflict$ ) localiz$ tub]culosis1 ! fle% is consid]$ to be fit = food1 b if ! disease is g5]aliz$ ! c>cass is condemn$4 ,! ,symptoms ( ,tub]culosis v>y accord+ to ! location ( ! disease4 ,if x is 9 ! gl&s ( ! ?roat x is sugge/$ by _! enl>gem5t4 ,if x is 9 a gl& ab\t ! lungs1 :i*1 because ( its enl>gem5t1 presses on ! sophagus 7gullet71 !re might be bloat+4 ,if ! disease is 9 ! lung tissue !re w\ld be1 aft] x is suffici5tly advanc$1 c\gh+ & p]haps difficult brea?+4 ,if ! disease is 9 ! liv]1 x _c be readily di/+ui%$ until x is f> advanc$4 ,if ! disease is 9 ! udd] x manife/s itself usually by ! organ becom+ firm or h>d1 & :5 ! tissues are suffici5tly brok5 d[n ! milk f t qu>t] w be *ang$ 9 appe>ance2 sometimes x is ?ick1 conta9+ pus1 sometimes ?9 & wat]y4 ,x is v difficult to diagnose tub]culosis f ! symptoms1 z _m o!r causes may give rise to simil> manife/ations4 ,z tub]culosis is caus$ by a specific g]m1 ! disease is spread by ! g]ms escap+ f ! diseas$ animals & gett+ into ! bodies ( heal?y ones4 ,! tub]cle bact]ia escape f ! infect$ animal ) "s "o or m ( ! natural dis*>ges ( ! body4 ,= example1 if ! c[ has a bad tub]cul\s area 9 ! lung1 ! bact]ia may be dis*>g$ into "o ( ! air tubes & c\gh$ up into ! m\?4 ,"s ( !m w escape ) ! saliva & infect mang]s or pa/ures4 ,"s ( !m may be swall[$ & escape f ! body ) ! feces4 ,if ! disease is 9 ! udd] ! g]ms w escape ) ! milk4 ,!re are "s obs]vations :i* indicate t sometimes ! bact]ia w escape ) ! milk :]e ! udd] is n affect$4 ,aft] ! bact]ia leave ! diseas$ animal & are left 9 ! mang]1 or 9 ! pa/ure1 or on ! surface ( wat] 9 ! dr9k+ tr\gh1 !y c be readily tak5 up by heal?y cattle t eat or dr9k aft] !m4 ,if !y escape ) ! milk1 calves & pigs t are f$ ) x readily become infect$4 ,aft] ! g]ms get into ! body ( ! heal?y animal !y w multiply & produce ! disease1 j z ! se$ ( a noxi\s we$ w1 if bl[n into a new field1 g]m9ate & produce ! we$ !re4 ,tub]culosis spreads f animal to animal on ! same pr9ciple t we$s spread f "o field to ano!r4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! spread ( tub]culosis x is simply necess>y to prev5t heal?y animals f com+ 9 contact ) ! diseas$ ones or eat+ or dr9k+ aft] !m4 ,z tub]culosis _c be readily detect$ by a physical exam9ation until ! disease is f> advanc$ 9 ! organs affect$1 x is necess>y1 9 ord] to det]m9e :i* animals h ! disease1 to apply "s te/ or to f9d ! g]ms ( ! disease 9 _! excretions4 ,! simple/ te/ t has ?us f> be5 discov]$ is ! action ( tub]cul94 ,:5 tub]cul9 is inject$ "u ! sk9 ( ! animals affect$ ) active tub]culosis ! animals respond by a rise ( temp]ature1 :i* foll[s a some:at def9ite curve4 ,by means ( ?is te/ x is possible to pick out ! infect$ individuals s t !y c be sep>at$ f ! heal?y ones4 ,! te/ %\ld be repeat$ 9 f six mon?s to a ye> 9 ord] to detect any new cases :i* might h develop$ f lat5t or arre/$ ones4 ,we _c always get all ( ! infect$ animals ) ! fir/ te/ any m ?an we c always remove e we$ f ! g>d5 by "o hoe+4 ,! ,bang ,me?od = ! ,control ( tub]culosis consi/s 9 sep>at+ ! animals t are infect$ f ! well ones & keep+ !m = bre$+ purposes4 ,! calves are remov$ f _! dams z soon z born & f$ ) ! milk ( heal?y c[s1 or ! pa/euriz$ milk ( ! infect$ ones4 ,x has be5 f\nd t b a small p]c5tage ( calves t are rais$ "u prop] precautions f su* animals h tub]culosis4 ,by ?is means a s\nd h]d ( cattle may be develop$ f tub]cul\s animals4 ,?is me?od 0 introduc$ by ,pr(4 ,bang ( ,cop5hag51 & x has be5 f\nd to be v effective 9 ,d5m>k & o!r c\ntries 9 ,europe4 ,x has be5 appli$ ) mu* success 9 a l>ge numb] ( individual h]ds 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,its success dep5ds entirely ^u ! c>e :i* is tak5 9 keep+ tub]cle bact]ia away f ! calves4 ,9 pur*as+ cattle = dairy or bre$+ purposes x is important t !y %\ld be tak5 f h]ds t are free f tub]culosis4 ,! s\nd h]d is ! unit to be dealt )4 ,animals f su* h]ds are f> m reliable ?an non-reactors f tub]cul\s h]ds4 ,,tumors4--,abnormal gr[?s ( tissues4 ,!re are _m k9ds ( tumors4 ,!y are nam$ f ! k9d ( tissue ( :i* !y are compos$1 z fibr\s & fatty4 ,j :y tumors %\ld develop is n kn[n4 ,treatm5t is 9 ! direction ( direct removal2 ?is means !y are to be cut out ) a knife4 ,ano!r me?od is to tie a /rong cord ar\nd ! /em ( ! tumor1 ?us %utt+ (f ! blood supply4 ,z soon z ?is is effect$1 !re w be a sl\gh+ away1 ) a sore rema9+1 :i* is to be treat$ z 9 an ord9>y w\nd4 ,"s tumors are burnt (f ) cau/ics4 ,ars5ic or corrosive sublimate are commonly us$1 ei!r s+ul>ly or comb9$4 ,bett] consult a vet]9>ian ab\t ! removal ( tumors on valuable animals4 ,,tumors ,,9 ,,pigs ,,aft] ,,ca/ration4--,bun*es =m on ! cords ( pigs aft] ca/ration z a result ( infection f dirty in/rum5ts or h&s dur+ ! op]ation2 or f leav+ ! cord too long1 ?us increas+ ! liability ( its becom+ infect$4 ,^! tumors cont9ue to gr[1 & 9 ! wor/ cases atta9 ! size ( a man's head4 ,cut d[n on a tumor ! same z 9 a simple case ( ca/ration4 ,sep>ate ! sk9 f ! tumor & !n swall[ up ! cord ) ! h&s4 ,cut ! cord (f z high up z possible4 ,! w\nd may be heal$ by ! use ( any ( ! common dis9fectants4 ,a teaspoonful ( c>bolic acid 9 a qu>t ( wat] may be us$ once daily until ! pigs are heal$4 ,pigs %\ld be kept 9 a clean p5 aft] ! op]ation4 ,,w>bles4--,^! are lumps 9 ! sk9 ( cattle1 caus$ by grubs or w>bles4 ,a simple treatm5t is to cut ! sk9 & squeeze out ! grubs :]e ! lumps are notic$4 ,if all ! grubs are kill$ 9 ?is way1 !re w be no mature flies to cause tr\ble lat] on4 ,see article on ,bot ,flies4 ,,w>ts4--,! cause ( ^! little tumors ( ! sk9 is n def9itely kn[n4 ,!y occur on all dome/ic animals1 appe>+ mo/ frequ5tly on horses & cattle4 ,pure acetic acid1 dropp$ on ! w>t until x is saturat$ & s(t5$1 de/roys 9 ! e>ly /ages4 ,w>ts ab\t :i* a small cord may be ti$ are mo/ easily treat$ 9 t way4 ,aft] !y h sl\gh$ (f1 apply a little t]*loride ( antimony ) a fea!r or cotton4 ,:5 ! scab =ms1 remove x & apply ! *emical aga94 ,) a c\ple ( applications ! spot w be l[] ?an ! surr\nd+ sk94 ,n[ use an o9tm5t1 made ( #d tablespoonfuls ( oxide ( z9c & #h tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,apply ?is daily until ! sore spot is heal$4 ,sometimes a =m ( w>ts sudd5ly appe>s on colts & calves & scatt] !mselves ab\t ! lips1 nose & face4 ,!y are common & appe> & disappe> sudd5ly4 ,no treatm5t is necess>y4 ,,wat] ,,9 ,,! ,,bra94--,dropsy 9 ! bra94 ,a condition *>act]iz$ by an accumulation ( fluid 9 ! bra94 ,! disease is ei!r cong5ital or arises dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( life4 ,:5 x occurs ! be/ ?+ is to kill ! "y individual at once4 ,,wat] ,,9 ,,! ,,*e/4--,(t5 aft] a case ( pleurisy a reaction comes & a v l>ge quantity ( wat] settles 9 ! *e/ cavity1 any:]e f two to f\r pailfuls4 ,:5 ! disease comes on ! animal has difficulty 9 brea?+2 takes 9 ! brea? quickly4 ,!re is a con/ant bit+ at ! flanks2 ! pulse increases to a hundr$ beats a m9ute4 ,if y place y\r e> ov] ! *e/ y w likely he> no s\nd at all4 ,be/ treatm5t is :olesome food1 boil$ flaxse$1 & bli/]s = bo? sides ( ! *e/4 ,use /rong mu/>d pla/]s4 ,a good m$ic9e to use is "o-f\r? ( a p\nd ( saltpet] or nitrate ( pota%1 "o f\r? ( a p\nd ( gr\nd g5tian & "o-f\r? ( a p\nd ( sulphate ( iron4 ,^! %\ld be mix$ & !n #a teaspoonful giv5 e f\r h\rs4 ,y _h bett] consult a vet]9>ian4 ,o!r complications set 9 s readily t help may be secur$ 9 o!r ways4 ,"s vet]9>ians puncture ! *e/ s z to draw (f ! surplus wat] t has accumulat$4 ,,:ite ,,sc\rs ,,( ,,calves4--,calves ( sev]al days or weeks old suff] f indige/ion1 :i* is indicat$ by ?riftlessness1 & !n sc\r+4 ,! dis*>ges are :ite1 s\r1 curdl$ & frequ5t at fir/ & !n become wat]y1 gre5i% & (f5sive1 pass+ 9 /ream (t54 ,calves live "s days & fa/ lose fle%1 %[+ all ! symptoms ( ill heal?4 ,"o ( ! commone/ causes is fe$+ dirty1 s\r+ or decompos+ factory skim milk 9 l>ge quantities at long int]vals2 ev5 sweet skim milk s f$ may produce ! tr\ble4 ,to prev5t sc\rs give calves a p]fectly clean1 airy1 sunny p5 & y>d atta*$4 ,sep>ate any calf t sc\rs4 ,avoid dirty1 d>k1 damp1 poorly v5tilat$ p5s 9 :i* sc\r+ calves h be54 ,give all food f clean1 scald$1 sun-dri$ vessels4 ,fe$ small quantities ( food (t52 & 9 milk mix lime wat] freely two or ?ree times a week z a prev5tive2 & daily :5 sc\r+ has be5 exp]i5c$4 ,also see t ! udd]s ( c[s nurs+ calves d n become contam9at$ ) manure or o!r fil?4 ,wa% udd]s ) a two p] c5t solution ( coal t> dis9fectant be=e any calf is all[$ to suck = ! fir/ "t1 & !n repeat to keep ! udd]s clean4 ,also dis9fect ! navel ( ea* calf at bir? ) a #a_/ejj solution ( corrosive sublimate & repeat ! application twice a day until ! navel is p]fectly heal$ ov]4 ,at ! fir/ sign ( sc\rs give ca/or oil %ak5 up 9 milk4 ,two to #f tablespoonfuls is ! dose accord+ to ! size & age ( ! calf4 ,foll[ two or ?ree times daily ) a #a to #b-teaspoonful dose ( a mixture ( "o "p ( salol & two p>ts ( subnitrate ( bismu? 9 milk or wat]4 ,= calves sc\r+ on skim milk mix 9 ea* p9t ( milk #a teaspoonful ( a mixture ( half an ounce ( =maldehyde 9 #ae ounces ( di/ill$ wat]1 to be kept 9 an amb]-color$ bottle4 ,,w9d ,,colic4--,see ,colic4 ,,w9d ,,puffs4--,an accumulation ( synovia 9 ! cavities betwe5 ! t5dons ( ! legs1 especially betwe5 ! back t5dons & ! bone j above ! fetlock jo9t4 ,! bulg+ out is on ea* side ( ! t5don4 ,horses subject$ to sev]e ex]tions1 l h>d "w on ! roads1 are mo/ frequ5tly affect$4 ,! puffs or galls seldom cause lam5ess or int]f]e ) ! usual "w4 ,unless treat$ ! puffs w become ?ick] & h>d] & sometimes solidifi$4 ,:5 ?is happ5s lam5ess occurs4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages1 pads & b&ages1 if appli$ s z to cause pressure1 w t5d to remove ! galls4 ,if ?is treatm5t is n suffici5t1 !n use a teaspoonful ( b9iodide ( m]cury1 & #d tablespoonfuls ( l>d4 ,:5 mix$1 ^! %\ld be rubb$ on ) ! f+]s4 ,aft] #bd h\rs remove ) wat] & soap & repeat e o!r week until ! puffs disappe>4 ,,w9d ,,suck+4--,see ,cribb+4 ,,worms4--,see ,inte/9al ,worms 9 ,horses & ,%eep2 & ,/oma* ,worms4 ,,worms ,,9 ,,hogs4--,hogs ) worms 9 ! inte/9es run d[n 9 condition1 become v ?9 & lank1 back is ar*$1 eyes dull1 refuse fe$1 walk /iffly1 & appe> lifeless4 ,! worms may be v num]\s1 9 bad cases completely fill+ ! inte/9es4 ,! pigs die if n treat$4 ,to secure ! be/ results1 affect$ hogs %\ld receive individual treatm5t4 ,tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e adm9i/]+ treatm5t v little fe$ %\ld be giv5 !m4 ,!n give ! foll[+ m$ic9e z a dr5* to ea* #ajj-p\nd hog2 l>g] or small] hogs %\ld receive a dose 9 proportion3 #d tablespoonfuls ( oil ( turp5t9e1 "o-half teaspoonful ( liquor f]ri dialysatus & #f ounces ( raw l9se$ oil4 ,if necess>y1 repeat ! dose 9 f\r days4 ,index ,page ,abortion1 #aja ,abscesses1 #ajc ,aconite1 #fi ,act9omycosis1 #ajd ,aft]bir?1 #ajf ,aloes1 #fi ,alum1 #fi ,animal ,body a ,collection ( ,cells1 #aa ,animal ,body1 ,h[ ,=m$1 #i ,animals1 ,c>+ = ,sick1 #ii ,animal ,diseases1 ,le>n to ,recognize1 #d ,animals1 ,exam9+ 9 ! ,/ables1 #db ,animals1 ,out ( ,doors ,te/1 #dd ,an?rax1 #ajh ,antimony1 #ga ,apoplexy1 #aaa ,anemia1 #ajg ,anise$1 #gj ,arnica1 #gj ,ars5ic1 #gj ,azoturia1 #aaa ,back1 #dg ,b&age1 ,h[ to ,make ,x1 #eg ,b>r5ness1 #aac ,belladonna1 #gj ,big ,head1 #aac ,big ,jaw ( ,cattle1 #aad ,big ,knee1 #aad ,big ,leg1 #aad ,bile1 #bf ,b9iodide ( ,m]cury1 #ga ,bitt] ,milk1 #aad ,blackhead1 #aad ,blackleg1 #aae ,blackleg ,vacc9e1 #aaf ,bladd]1 #fg ,bladd]1 ,/one 91 #aag ,bl9d ,/agg]s1 #aag ,bli/]+1 #ih ,bloat+ 9 ,cattle1 #aag ,blood1 #ab ,blood ,poison+1 #abj ,bloody ,milk1 #aba ,bloody ,ur9e1 #aba ,body1 #dg ,body ,tissues1 #ab ,bog ,spav91 #abb ,bone ,spav91 #abc ,bot ,flies1 #abc ,bots1 #abf ,breeze ,flies1 #abc ,brok5 ,w9d1 #abf ,bromide ( ,potassium1 #ga ,bron*itis1 #abf ,bruises1 ,treat+1 #fj ,bun*es1 #abh ,burns1 #abh ,cak$ ,bag1 #abh ,cak$ ,udd]1 #abh ,calculi ( ,ur9>y ,organs1 #adj ,calf ,*ol]a1 #abh ,calf ,sc\rs1 #abi ,camphor1 #gb ,canc]1 #abi ,can?>ides1 #gb ,capp$ ,elb[1 #acj ,capp$ ,hock1 #acj ,capp$ ,knee1 #aca ,c>bolic ,acid1 #gb ,ca/ration1 #aca ,cat>rh1 #acc ,cattle ,scab1 #acd ,cattle1 ,special ,type 91 #dd ,cau/ic ,pota%1 #gd ,cell ,division1 #aj ,cell1 ,nature (1 #i ,cells1 ,:at ,!y ,are1 #aa ,c]ebro-,sp9al ,m5+itis1 #acd ,*>bon1 #ace ,*e/ ,f\nd]1 #ace ,*ick5 ,*ol]a1 #ace ,*ok+1 #acf ,*ronic ,f\nd]1 #afe ,circulation ( ,blood1 #bh ,c(f9 ,jo9t ,lam5ess1 #acg ,colds1 #acg ,colic1 #acg ,colic ,mixture1 #hj ,concretions1 #adj ,con/ipation1 #adb ,corns1 #adb ,corns1 ,exam9e =1 #di ,corn/alk ,disease1 #adc ,corrosive ,sublimate1 #gc ,c\gh ,mixture1 #hj ,c[ ,pox1 #add ,crack$ ,ho(s1 #add ,cramp ,colic1 #ade ,creol91 #gd ,cribb+1 #add ,crib ,suck]s1 #ade ,croton ,oil1 #gc ,curb1 #ade ,diabetes1 #adf ,di>rhoea1 #adg ,difficult ,p>turition1 #adg ,dige/ion ( ,food1 #bc ,dipp+ ,live ,/ock1 #adg ,disease1 ,diagnosis & ,treatm5t1 #ib ,disease on ! ,f>m1 #a ,disease1 ,physical ,exam9ation 91 #ib ,disease due to ,h]$ity1 #hd ,disease f ,*emical ,causes1 #hd ,disease1 ,orig9 (1 #hf ,disease1 ,! ,causes (1 #hc ,disease1 ,! ,mean+ (1 #hb ,disease1 ,! ,c\rse (1 #hg ,disease1 ,! ,t]m9ation (1 #hi ,disease1 ,! ,treatm5t (1 #ie ,diseases ( ,f>m ,animals1 #aja ,di%orn+1 #adh ,dis9fect ,frequ5tly1 #e ,dis9fectants1 #f ,di/emp]1 #adh ,dropsy1 #adh ,dys5t]y1 #aej ,dy/okia1 #adi ,eczema1 #adi ,ent]itis1 #aea ,epilepsy1 #aea ,epizootic1 #aea ,ergotism1 #aea ,erysipelas1 #aeb ,exam9+ ,animals1 #ci ,f>cy1 #aec ,feet1 #ag ,fev]1 #aec ,fir+1 #ih ,fi/ul1 #aed ,fits1 #aeg ,flatul5t ,colic1 #aeg ,fleas1 #aeg ,flies1 #aeg ,flukes1 ,liv]1 #aeh ,fly ,bli/]1 #hj ,foot & ,m\? ,disease1 #aeh ,foot ,puncture1 #afj ,foot ,rot 9 ,%eep1 #afj ,=e ,legs1 #dh ,f\nd]1 #afb ,f[l ,*ol]a1 #afe ,framework ( ! ,body1 #ac ,front ,feet1 #dh ,gapes1 #afe ,g>get1 #aff ,ga/ric ,juice1 #be ,ga/ritis1 #aff ,g5tian1 #ge ,g]ms1 #he ,gid 9 ,%eep1 #aff ,g+]1 #ge ,gl&]s1 #afg ,gravel or ,dirt 9 ,foot1 #agd ,grease ,heel1 #age ,grub 9 ! ,head1 #agf ,hair1 #ac ,hair ,balls1 #agg ,he>t1 ,h[ x ,works1 #ca ,heat ,exhau/ion1 #agh ,heaves1 #agg ,h]nia1 #agi ,hide-,b\nd1 #aha ,high ,bl[+1 #aha ,h9d ,feet1 #di ,h9d ,legs1 #di ,hip ,jo9t ,lam5ess1 #aha ,hipp$1 #ahb ,hog ,*ol]a1 #ahb ,holl[ ,horn1 #aic ,ho( ,cracks1 #aid ,ho( ,o9tm5t1 #hj ,horn ,fly1 #aid ,horses1 ,special ,type 91 #dj ,hov51 #aid ,hydrocephalus1 #aid ,hydrophobia1 #aid ,hydro?orax1 #aie ,hyposulphite ( ,soda1 #ge ,impaction ( ,rum51 #aie ,indige/ion1 #aif ,infecti\s ,anemia 9 ,horses1 #aig ,infecti\s ,pneumonia1 #aig ,inflammation ( ! ,b[els1 #aig ,inflammation ( ! ,lungs1 #aii ,influ5za1 #bjj ,inoculation1 #hf ,int]nal ,organs1 #fe ,inte/9al ,worms 9 ,horses1 #bja ,inte/9al ,worms 9 ,%eep1 #bea ,inte/9es1 #ff ,iodide ( ,potassium1 #gf ,iod9e1 #gf ,it*1 #bjb ,jaundice1 #bjb ,kidneys1 #fg ,kidney ,worms1 #bjd ,knee ,sprung1 #bje ,lam5ess1 ,exam9e =1 #ej ,lam9itis1 #bje ,laudanum1 #gf ,leg ,bones1 #ag ,leg ,w\nds1 #fa ,lice1 #bje ,l9se$ ,oil1 #gf ,liv] ,flukes1 #bjg ,lockjaw1 #bjh ,loco ,disease1 #bab ,lumpy ,jaw1 #bac ,lung ,fev]1 #bad ,lungs1 #fg ,lungs1 ,conge/ion (1 #bac ,lung ,worms 9 ,calves1 #bad ,lung ,worms 9 ,lambs1 #bad ,lymph1 #ab ,lymphangitis1 #bad ,lymph ,?r\gh ,cells1 #bi ,mad ,dog1 #bag ,maggots1 #bag ,maggots 9 ,w\nds1 #fa ,mange1 #bai ,ma/ication1 #bd ,m$ic9es1 #fi ,m$ic9es1 ,adm9i/ration (1 #ig ,m$ic9es1 ,giv+ 9 a ,ball1 #ig ,m$ic9es1 ,giv+ 9 a ,dr5*1 #ig ,mall5d]s1 #bah ,mammitis1 #bah ,milk ,fev]1 #bai ,monday ,morn+ ,sickness1 #bba ,m\?1 ,exam9+ !1 #df ,muscul> ,sy/em1 #ai ,mu/>d ,pla/]s1 #ih ,nasal ,gleet1 #bba ,navicul> ,disease1 #bbb ,neck1 #dg ,n]v\s ,sy/em1 #ai ,nitrate ( ,pota%1 #gg ,nitrate ( ,soda1 #gg ,nits1 #bbd ,nodul> ,disease 9 ,%eep1 #bbd ,no/ril1 #de ,nutrim5t1 ,h[ ,absorb$1 #bg ,nux ,vomica1 #gg ,ob/etrics1 #bbe ,paces1 ,te/+ (1 #eb ,palisade ,worm1 #bbh ,p>alysis1 #bbi ,p>asites1 #bcj ,p>turi5t ,apoplexy1 #bcj ,p>turition1 ,difficult1 #bcj ,pelvic ,girdle1 #ae ,p]itonitis1 #bcj ,physic ,dr5* = ,cattle1 #ha ,physic ,dr5* = ,horses1 #ha ,physiology ,y ,ought to ,"k1 #ba ,p9k ,eye1 #bca ,plac5ta1 #bcb ,plant ,build+1 #ba ,pleurisy1 #bcc ,pleuro-,pneumonia1 #bcd ,pneumonia1 #bcd ,poll ,evil1 #bcd ,po/-,mortem ,exam9ation1 #fb ,po/-,mortem1 ,fir/ ,?+s to ,d1 #fc ,po/-,mortem1 ,remov+ ! ,sk91 #fe ,po/-,mortem1 ,! ,dis*>ges1 #fd ,p\ltices1 #ih ,prescriptions1 #hj ,prev5tion ,bett] ?an ,cure1 #d ,pr(use ,/al+1 #adf ,protoplasm1 #i ,pulse1 ,tak+ !1 #ic ,punctures1 ,nail1 #ei ,qu>ant9e ,qu>t]s1 #h ,qu>t] ,crack1 #bce ,quittor1 #bce ,rabies1 #bcf ,reproductive ,app>atus1 #bj ,respiration1 #cb ,respiration1 ,tak+ !1 #ie ,respiratory ,organs1 #bj ,rheumatism1 #bcf ,r+bone1 #bcg ,r+worm1 #bch ,ro>+1 #bci ,r\p1 #bci ,salts1 #gi ,s& ,crack1 #bdj ,scab 9 ,cattle1 #bda ,septic ,navel ,infection1 #bdc ,%eep ,bots1 #bdc ,sick ,animals1 #g ,side ,bones1 #bdc ,skeleton1 #ad ,sk91 #ac ,skull1 #ae ,slobb]+1 #bde ,soo?+ ,o9tm5t1 #hj ,s\ndness1 ,exam9+ ,animals =1 #ci ,spasmodic ,colic1 #bde ,spav91 #bde ,spay+1 #bdg ,spirits ( ,nit]1 #gh ,spl9ts1 #bdh ,spra9s1 #bdi ,/agg]s1 #bej ,/oma*1 #ff ,/oma* ,*urn1 #bf ,/oma* ( ,horse1 #bd ,/oma* ( ,rum9ants1 #be ,/oma* ,worms 9 ,%eep1 #bea ,/one 9 ,bladd]1 #bec ,/rangles1 #bec ,/r+halt 9 ,horses1 #bee ,sug> ( ,lead1 #gh ,sulphate ( ,copp]1 #gh ,sulphate ( ,iron1 #gh ,sulphur1 #gi ,sun/roke1 #bee ,swamp ,fev]1 #bee ,swe5y1 #beg ,sw9e ,plague1 #beh ,tape ,worms1 #beh ,tee?1 ,z an ,indication ( ,age1 #cd ,tee?1 ,loos5+ ( ,tempor>y1 #ce ,tee? ( ,cattle1 #cg ,tee? ( ,%eep1 #ch ,temp]ature1 ,tak+ !1 #id ,tetanus1 #beh ,texas ,fev]1 #beh ,?ick ,leg1 #bfb ,?or\ghp91 #bfb ,?roat1 #dg ,?ru%1 #bfb ,?umps1 #bfb ,tick ,fev]1 #bfc ,tissues1 ,body1 #ab ,too?1 ,! ,m>k 91 #ce ,tri*9osis1 #bfc ,tub]culosis1 #bfd ,tumors1 #bfh ,tumors 9 ,pigs ,aft] ,ca/ration1 #bfh ,turp5t9e1 #gi ,ur9>y ,organs1 #bj ,w>bles1 #bfi ,w>ts1 #bfi ,wat] 9 ! ,bra91 #bgj ,wat] 9 ! ,*e/1 #bgj ,:ite ,sc\rs ( ,calves1 #bgj ,w9d ,puffs1 #bga ,w9d ,suck+1 #bgb ,w9d1 ,te/+ !1 #ea ,worms1 #bgb ,worms 9 ,hogs1 #bgb ,w\nd1 ,cleans+ !1 #ef ,w\nds1 #ed ,w\nds1 ,fir/ ,/ep 9 ,treat+1 #ef ,w\nds1 ,k9ds (1 #ee ,w\nds1 ,special ,treatm5t (1 #eh ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$4 ,! ,plates h be5 add$ to ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations4 ,jekyl-l 7page #aa7 & po/ portem 7page #abj7 h n be5 correct$4 ,page #aaj ff43 n all entries are li/$ 9 alphabetical ord]1 ?is has n be5 correct$4 ,*anges & corrections made3 ,page #ba3 sophagus *ang$ to sophagus ,page #ahc3 444 *>act]i/ic 8a0 or ev5 8b0 4443 ,lett] 8b0 0 invisible 9 ! s\rce docum5t ,page #ahf3 ,on op5- ! c>cass 444 *ang$ to ,on op5+ ! c>cass 444 ,page #bja3 ,inte/9al ,worms 9 ,horses3 capitalis$ z o!r section head+s ,page #bge3 ,nail ,punctures *ang$ to ,punctures1 ,nail4