,,*ess ,,g5]al%ip ,,by ,,frankl9 ,k4 ,,"y ,vol4 ,i4 ,,gr& ,,reconnaissance4 8,he :o fir/ devis$ *essplay1 made a model ( ! ,art ,milit>ie1 repres5t+ !re9 all ! concurr5ts & contemplations ( ,w>1 )\t omitt+ any40 8,exam5 de ,+5ios40 ,juan ,hu>te1 #afaf4 8,*ess is ! deepe/ ( all games2 x is con/ruct$ to c>ry out ! pr9cipal ( a battle1 & ! :ole !ory ( ,*ess lies 9 t =m ( action40 ,emanuel ,lask]4 ,,bo/on ,,int]national ,,publi%+ ,,co4 #aiaj ,copyright1 #aiaj1 ,,by ,,frankl9 ,k4 ,,"y4 ,ent]$ at ,/ation]s' ,hall4 ,all rights res]v$4 8,*ess is ! gymnasium = ! m9d--x does = ! bra9 :at a?letics does = ! body40 ,h5ry ,?omas ,buckle4 ,,george ,e4 ,,crosby ,,co41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,bo/on1 ,,mass4 ,,"y',s ,,*ess ,,works ,,m9or ,,tactics ,,( ,,*ess #a4jj ,an em95tly attractive treatm5t ( ! game ( ,*ess4--,sci5tific ,am]ican4 ,,major ,,tactics ,,( ,,*ess #b4ej ,9 ?is book "o f9ds ! pr9ciples ( /rategy & logi/ics appli$ to ,*ess 9 a unique & sci5tific way4--,army & ,navy ,regi/]4 ,,gr& ,,tactics ,,( ,,*ess #c4ej ,= ! /ud5t :o desires to ent] ! broad] *annels ( ,*ess1 ! be/ books are by ,,frankl9 ,k4 ,,"y3 8 8,m9or ,tactics0 & 8 m elaborate 8,gr& ,tactics0 are ! mo/ important productions ( mod]n ,*ess lit]ature4--,am]ican ,*ess ,magaz9e4 ,,*ess ,,/rategetics ,,illu/rat$ #b4ej ,we "k no "w outside ( ! ma/]pieces ( ,newton1 ,hamilton & ,d>w91 :i* s organizes & sy/ematizes human ?\ght4--,*icago ,ev5+ ,po/4 99 99 99 99 99 8,!re are secrets t ! *ildr5 ,are n taught 9 public s*ool2 ,if ^! secrets 7 broadca/$1 ,h[ c\ld we ! masses rule8 ,if !y und]/ood ,religion1 ,jurisprud5ce1 ,trade & ,w>1 ,w\ld !y groan & sweat & labor-- ,make our bricks & furni% /raw80 ,anon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,! ,memory ,,( ,,epam9ondas ,,! ,,inv5tor ,,( ,,sci5tific ,,w>f>e 99 99 99 99 99 8,i leave no sons ,to p]petuate my "n2 ,b ,i leave two daught]s-- ,,leuctra & ,,mant9ea ,:o w transmit my fame ,to remote/ po/]ity40 99 99 99 99 99 8,= empire & greatness x importe? mo/ t a p d pr(ess arms z _! pr9cipal honor1 /udy & occupation40--,sir ,francis ,bacon4 99 99 99 99 99 8,!re is no?+ truly impos+ b ,milit>y ,glory40--,napoleon4 99 99 99 99 99 8,! conqu]$ 9 w>1 s9k+ b5ea? ! tribute exact$ by ! victor & n d>+ to utt] _! impot5t hatr$1 bequea? to _! *ildr5 mis]ies s extreme t ! ag$ h n fur!r evil to fe> 9 dea?1 nor ! y\?ful any good to hope 9 life40--,x5ocles4 99 99 99 99 99 8,w> is an elem5t e/abli%$ by ! ,deity 9 ! ord] ( ! ,_w2 p]petual peace ^u ?is ,e>? we inhabit is a dream40--,von ,moltke4 ,,preface 8,to become a good ,g5]al "o well may beg9 by play+ at ,*ess40--,pr9ce de ,cond4 ,except ! !atre ( actual ,w>f>e1 no spot kn[n to man furni%es su* facilities = ! practice ( comb9$ /rategy1 tactics & logi/ics z does ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d4 ,to ^? famili> ) ! ,sci5ce ( ,/rategetics1 x ne$s no pro( t ability to play a good game at ,*ess1 indicates ! possession ( faculties common to all great milit>y comm&]s4 ,at a c]ta9 po9t1 ! tal5t ( ,morphy = ,*ess-play & ! tal5t ( ,napoleon = ,w>f>e become m]g$2 & beyond ?is po9t1 _! me?ods ( ?\ght & ( action are id5tical4 ,opportunity to display1 & 9 mo/ spectacul> fa%ion1 _! s+ul> & sup]lative g5ius1 0 n want+ to ei!r4 ,b unlike ! f]oci\s ,corsican1 ^: 8only desire is to f9d myself on ! battlefield10 ! greate/ ( all ,ma/]s at ,*ess1 f\nd 9 ! slaught] ( 8 fell[-creatures no inc5tive suffici5t to call =? ^? unsurpass$ /rategetical p[]s1 :i* record$ ,*ess-play %[s he possess$4 ,f ?is sam5ess ( tal5t1 common to ! great ,*ess-play] & ! great milit>y comm&]1 arises ! practical utility ( ! ,royal ,game4 ,= by means ( ,*ess-play1 "o may le>n & practice 9 _! highe/ int]pretation1 m5tal & physical processes ( p>am\nt importance to ! community 9 "t ( extreme p]il4 ,f su* consid]ations & = ! fur!r reason t 9 a true ,republic all av5ues to greatness are op5 to m]it1 sci5tific ,*ess-play %\ld be intellig5tly & sy/ematically taught 9 ! public s*ools4 8,a p desir\s ( lib]ty w entru/ its def5se to none b !mselves10 says ! ,roman maxim1 & 9 crises1 woe to t l& :]e ! rul] is b a *ild 9 arms1 & :]e ! dis9cl9ation ( ! p t[>ds its ex]cise is equall$ by _! unfamili>ity ) ! milit>y habit4 ,despite ! e?ics ( civilization1 ! optimism ( ! 8unco guid0 & ! unction ev5 ( our own he>t's deep desire1 !re seems no d\bt b t ea* g5]ation w h its w>s4 8,pax p]petua10 writes ,leibnitz1 8exi/s only 9 ,god's acre40 ,"h on e>?1 if seems t m5 =ev] w cont9ue to murd] "o ano!r = v>i\s reasons2 all ( :i*1 9 ! future z 9 ! pa/1 w be good & suffici5t to ! fell[ :o w9s2 & ?is by processes diff]+ only 9 neatness & despat*4 ,:e!r ?is condition is comm5dable or n1 dep5ds ^u ! po9t ( view4 ,be+ irrem$iable1 su* phase ( ! subject h>dly is wor? discuss+4 ,h[ev]1 ! foll[+ by a well-qualifi$ obs]v]1 is int]e/+ & und5iably an intellig5t op9ion1 viz43 ,f ! essay on 8,,w>10 read by ,pr(4 ,john ,rusk9 at ,woolwi*1 7,eng47 ,milit>y ,academy4 8,all ! pure & noble arts ( ,peace are f\nd$ on ,w>2 no great ,art ev] rose on ,e>?1 b among a nation ( soldi]s4 8,z ,peace is e/abli%$ or ext5d$ ! ,arts decl9e4 ,!y rea* an unp>allel$ pit* ( co/l9ess1 b lose _! life1 enli/ !mselves at la/ on ! side ( luxury & corruption & among :olly tranquil nations1 )] utt]ly away4 8,s :5 ,i tell y t ,w> is ! f\ndation ( all ! ,arts1 ,i mean also t x is ! f\ndation ( all ! high virtues & faculties ( m54 8,x 0 v /range = me to discov] ?is & v dreadful--b ,i saw x to be q an und5iable fact4 8,we talk ( ,peace & ,le>n+1 ( ,peace & ,pl5ty1 ( ,peace & ,civilization2 b ,i f\nd t ^? 7 n ! words :i* ! ,muse ( ,hi/ory c\pl$ toge!r2 b t on h] lips ! words 7--,peace & ,selfi%ness1 ,peace & ,s5suality1 ,peace & ,corruption1 ,peace & ,dea?4 8,i f\nd 9 brief1 t all great nations le>n$ _! tru? ( ^w & /r5g? ( ?\ght 9 ,w>2 t !y 7 n\ri%$ 9 ,w> & wa/$ 9 ,peace2 taught by ,w> & deceiv$ by ,peace2 tra9$ by ,w> & betray$ by ,peace2 t !y 7 born 9 ,w> & expir$ 9 ,peace4 8,creative1 or f\ndational ,w>1 is t 9 :i* ! natural re/lessness & love ( conte/ among m51 is discipl9$ into modes ( beautiful--?\gh x may be fatal--play2 9 :i* ! natural ambition & love ( ,p[] is *a/5$ into aggressive conque/ ( surr\nd+ evil2 & 9 :i* ! natural in/9cts ( self-def5ce are sanctifi$ by ! nobl5ess ( ! in/itutions :i* !y are appo9t$ to def5d4 8,= su* ,w> z ?is all m5 are born2 9 su* ,w> z ?is any man may happily die2 & =? f su* ,w> z ?is h aris5 ?r\gh\t ! ,ages1 all ! highe/ sanctities & virtues ( ,humanity40 99 99 99 99 99 ,t our own c\ntry may escape ! common lot ( nations1 is some?+ n ev5 to be hop$4 ,def5d$ by f\r almo/ bottomless dit*es1 nev]!less x is a c]ta9ty t com+ g5]ations ( ,am]icans mu/ /& 9 arms1 n only to repel =eign aggression1 b to uphold ev5 ! integrity ( ! ,great ,republic2 & ) ! h&-writ+ ( com+ ev5ts flam+ on ! wall1 po/]ity well may he$ ! solemn w>n+ ( by-gone c5turies3 8,z man is sup]ior to ! brute1 s is a tra9$ & educat$ soldi] sup]ior to ! m]ely brave1 num]\s & en?usia/ic40 99 99 99 99 99 8,! evils to be appreh5d$ f a /&+ army are remote & 9 my judgm5t1 n to be dread$2 b ! consequ5ce ( lack+ "o is inevitable ru940--,wa%+ton4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface ,,vii ,,introductory ,,xiii ,,*ess ,,g5]al%ip #c ,,gr& ,,reconnaissance #bc ,milit>y ,examples #bh ,,organization #de ,milit>y ,examples #ei ,,topography #gc ,milit>y ,examples #he ,,mobility #ig ,milit>y ,examples #aaf ,,numb]s #abc ,milit>y ,examples #abg ,,"t #aci ,milit>y ,examples #adb ,,position #adg ,milit>y ,examples #aeh ,,prime ,,/rategetic ,,means #afi ,,prime ,,/rategetic ,,proposition #ahe 8,! progress ( ,sci5ce univ]sally is ret>d$1 because suffici5t att5tion is n paid to expla9+ ess5tials 9 p>ticul> & exactly to def9e ! t]ms employ$40--,euclid4 99 99 99 99 99 8,! fir/ c>e ( ! sage %\ld be to discov] ! true "* ( 8 pupils4 ,by 8 que/ions he %\ld assi/ !m to expla9 _! own ideas & by 8 answ]s he %\ld compel !m to p]ceive _! falsities4 ,by accurate def9itions he %\ld gradually dispel ! incongruities 9 _! e>li] education & by 8 subtlety 9 ar\s+ _! d\bts1 he %\ld r$\ble _! curiosity & eag]ness = in=mation2 = ! art ( ! in/ructor consi/s 9 incit+ 8 pupils to t po9t at :i* !y _c endure _! manife/ ignorance4 8,_m1 unable to und]go ?is trial & conf\nd$ by (f5d$ self-conceit & lack+ ! =titude to su/a9 correction1 =sake _! ma/]1 :o %\ld n be eag] to recall !m4 ,o!rs :o le>n f humiliation to di/ru/ !mselves %\ld no long] h sn>es spread = _! vanity4 ,! ma/] %\ld speak to !m nei!r ) ! sev]ity ( a c5sor nor ) ! haught9ess ( a sophi/1 nor deal 9 h>% reproa*es nor importunate compla9ts2 8 disc\rse %\ld be ! language ( reason & fri5d%ip 9 ! m\? ( exp]i5ce40--,socrates4 ,,introductory 8,! te/ is z true ( c]ebral p[]1 z if a hundr$ ?\s& m5 lay dead ^u ! field2 or a score ( hulks 7 sw++ black5$ wrecks1 aft] a game betwe5 two mighty admirals40--,dr4 ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes4 7,op5+ ,address at ,morphy ,banquet1 ,bo/on1 #ahei47 ,m5 ^: bus9ess x is to und]/& w> & w>f>e (t5 are amus$ by s5seless comp>isons made by writ]s :o1 z _! writ+s %[1 are ignorant ev5 ( ! rudim5ts ( milit>y art & sci5ce4 ,( c\rse a c]ta9 lic5se 9 expression ( ?\ght is n to be d5i$ ! layman2 he _c be expect$ to talk ) ! exactness ( ! man :o kn[s4 ,at ! same "t !re is a limit beyond :i* ! non-te*nical man passes at 8 p]il1 & ?is limit is rea*$ :5 he poses z a critic & presumes to dogmatize on matt]s 9 reg>d to :i* he is un9=m$4 ,! fanciful conjectures ( su* p1 well are illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ editorial faux pas1 p]petrat$ by a lead+ metropolitan daily1 viz43 8,ev]yone kn[s n[ t a future w> betwe5 /ates hav+ simil> & sub/antially equal equipm5ts w be a diff]5t affair f any w> ( ! pa/2 *>act]iz$ by a diff]5t ord] ( g5]al%ip & a radically novel application ( ! pr9ciples ( /rategy & tactics40 ,_m 9 ! /ruggle to obta9 _! daily bread1 are tempt$ to essay ! unfamili>1 & = a /ipulat$ wage to pose z tea*]s to ! public4 ,su* always w d well to write mode/ly 9 reg>d to sci5ces :i* !y h n /udi$ & ( arts :i* !y nev] practic$1 & especially 9 future comm5ts on ,milit>y matt]s1 su* p may pr(it by ! app5d$ modicum ( t anci5t hi/ory1 :i* newspap] m5 z a class s affect to despise1 & 9 reg>d to :i*1 z a rule1 !y are univ]sally & lam5tably1 ignorant4 ,:at ord]s ( ,g5]al%ip c exi/ 9 ! future1 diff]5t f ^? :i* always h exi/$ s9ce w> 0 made1 viz43 good g5]al%ip & bad g5]al%ip8 ,ability prop]ly to conduct an army is a concrete ?+2 x does n admit ( comp>ison4 ,says ,fr$]ic ! ,great3 8,!re are only two k9ds ( ,g5]als--^? :o "k _! trade & ^? :o d n40 ,h5ce1 8a diff]5t ord] ( ,g5]al%ip10 sugge/$ by ! editorial quot$1 implies ei!r a high] or a less] degree ( ability 9 ! 8g5]al ( ! future02 & z obvi\sly1 x is impossible t he c d worse ?an _m already h done1 x is necess>y to assume t ! comm&] ( tomorr[ w be an improvem5t ov] 8 pr$ecessors4 ,consequ5tly1 to ! milit>y m9d x becomes ( p>am\nt int]e/ to inquire z to ! =m & mann] 9 :i* su* sup]iority w be tangibly & visibly manife/$1 viz43 ,w ! g5]al ( ! future be a bett] g5]al ?an ,epam9ondas1 ,alex&]1 ,hannibal1 ,caes>1 ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 ,tur5ne1 ,eug5e1 ,fr$]ic1 ,wa%+ton1 ,napoleon1 ,von ,moltke8 ,w he improve ^u t application ( ! pr9ciples ( /rategy & tactics to actual w>f>e :i* comes d[n to u ( today1 /amp$ ) ! approval ( ^! sup]lative milit>y g5iuses8 ,w ! g5]al ( ! future "k a bett] way = mak+ w> ?an act+ aga9/ ! enemy's communications8 ,w he devise a bett] me?od ( w>f>e ?an t ^: motive is ! conc5tration ( a sup]ior =ce ^u ! /rategetic objective8 ,w ! processes ( 8 prime logi/ic op]ations be pref]able to ^? ( m5 :o won _! victories be=e _! battles 7 f\ght1 by comb9+ ) _! troops ! topography ( ! c\ntry1 & caus+ riv]s & m\nta9s to take ! place ( corps d'armee8 ,w ! g5]al ( ! future r5\nce z obsolete & wor?less t milit>y organization f\nd$ c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian ,era1 by ! great ,!ban1 ,epam9ondas1 ! fa!r ( sci5tific w>f>e2 t sy/em adopt$ by e capta9 ( r5[n & :i* may be se5 9 its purity 9 ! great] milit>y e/abli%m5ts f ! days ( ,rome to ! pres5t ,imp]ial ,nor? ,g]man ,conf$]ation8 ,w ! g5]al ( ! future r5\nce z obsolete & wor?less t sy/em ( ,m9or ,tactics utiliz$ by e man :o has made x 8 bus9ess to conqu] ! ,_w8 ,w he propose to u some?+ m p]fect ?an ! prim>y =mation ( =ces depict$ 9 ,plate ,,xiii ( ! ,secret ,/rategical ,in/ructions ( ,fr$]ic ,,ii8 ,w ! g5]al ( ! future r5\nce z obsolete & wor?less ^? intricate1 b ma!matically exact1 evolutions ( ! comb9$ arms1 :i* app]ta9 to ! ,major ,tactics ( m5 :o are rememb]$ to ?is day = ! battles t !y won8 ,w he inv5t processes m de/ructive ?an ^? :]eby ,epam9ondas cru%$ at ,leuctra & ,mant9ea ! p[] ( ,sp>ta1 & ! wom5 ( ,lac$aemon saw ! smoke ( an enemy's camp fire = ! fir/ "t 9 six hundr$ ye>s8 ,?an ^? :]eby ,alex&]1 a y\? ( eighte51 won ,greece = 8 fa!r at ,*a]onea & ! ,_w = himself at ,issus & ,arbela8 ,?an ^? :]eby ,hannibal de/roy$ s]iatim f\r ,roman armies at ,trebia1 ,?rasym5us1 ,cannae & ,h]donea8 ,w he f9d out processes m sudd5 & decisive ?an ^? :]eby ,caes> conqu]$ ,gaul & ,pompey & ! son ( ,mi?ridates1 & :i* are fitly describ$ only 9 8 own language2 8,v5i1 vidi1 vici08 ,:at w ! g5]al ( ! future sub/itute = ! ?ree contigu\s sides ( ! octagon :]eby ,tam]lane ! ,great ) 8 #a1djj1jjj vet]ans at ! ,pla9s ( ,angora1 envelop$ ! ,emp]or ,bajazet & #ijj1jjj ,turks 9 ! mo/ gigantic battle ( record8 ,w he eclipse ! pursuit ( ^! latt] by ,mizra1 ! son ( ,tam]lane1 :o ) ! ,hunni% light cavalry rode two hundr$ & ?irty miles 9 five days & captur$ ! ,turki% capital1 ! ,emp]or ,bajazet1 8 h>em & ! royal treasure8 ,w he excel ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 :o dom9at$ ,europe = tw5ty ye>s1 & ,tur5ne1 ! milit>y ,atlas :o upheld t magnific5t civilization :i* embelli%es ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv8 ,w he d bett] ?an ,pr9ce ,eug5e1 :o victori\sly conclud$ eighte5 campaigns & drove ! ,turks out ( ,*ri/5dom8 ,w he discov] processes sup]ior to ^? :]eby ,fr$]ic ! ,great ) #bb1jjj troops de/roy$ at ,rosba* a ,fr5* army ( #fj1jjj regul>s 9 an h\r & a half1 at ! co/ ( ?ree hundr$ m52 & at ,leu!rn ) #cc1jjj troops1 kill$1 w\nd$ or captur$ #ed1jjj out ( #ic1jjj ,au/rians1 at a co/ ( #c1ijj m58 ,w he improve on ^? processes :]eby ,napoleon ) #dj1jjj m51 de/roy$ 9 a s+le ye> five ,au/rian armies & captur$ #aej1jjj prison]s8 ,w he improve on ,rivoli1 ,au/]litz1 ,j5a1 ,fri$l&1 ,wagram1 ,dresd51 & ,ligny8 ,w ! g5]al ( ! future r5\nce z obsolete & wor?less t sy/em ( ,gr& ,tactics1 by means ( :i* ! mighty ones ( ,e>? h swept be=e !m all creat$ ?+s8 ,w 8 sy/em surpass 9 gr&eur ( conception & exactness ( execution ! m>* ( ,alex&] to ! ,indus8 ,w he reply to 8 rival's pray]s = peace & amity z did ! great ,mac$onian2 8,!re c be b "o ,ma/] ( ! ,_w02 & to ! dissuasions ( 8 fri5d2 8,s w\ld ,i d1 7 ,i ,p>m5io08 ,w he d ?+s m gigantic ?an ,hannibal's m>* across ! ,alps8 ,?an ! op]ation ( ,alesia by ,caes>2 :]e ! ,romans besieg+ "o ,gallic army 9 a =tifi$ city1 & !mselves surr\nd$ by a second ,gallic army1 s+le h&$ de/roy$ bo?8 ,?an ! circuit ( ! ,caspian ,sea by ! #bjj1jjj light cavalry ( ,tam]lane1 a feat ( m\nta9 climb+ :i* nev] has be5 duplicat$8 ,?an t m>vel\s comb9ation ( ! pr9ciples ( tactics & ( field =tification1 :]eby 9 ! position ( ,bunzelwitz1 ,fr$]ic ! ,great1 ) #ee1jjj m51 successfully upheld ! la/ rema9+ prop ( ! ,prussian nation1 aga9/ #bej1jjj ,russian & ,au/rian regul> troops1 comm&$ by ! be/ g5]als ( ! age8 ,w he conceive any?+ m sci5tific & arti/ic ?an ! manoeuvre ( ,tr5ton & ,pr9ceton by ,wa%+ton8 ,?an ! capture ( ,burgoyne at ,s>atoga & ,cornwallis at ,yorkt[n8 ,?an ! manoeuvres ( ,ulm1 ( ,j5a1 ( ,l&%ut8 ,?an ! manoeuvres ( ,napoleon 9 #ahad8 ,?an ! manoeuvre ( ,*>l]oi 9 #ahae1 decl>$ by ,jom9i to be ,napoleon's ma/]piece8 ,w he excel ! manoeuvres ( ,kutos( & ,witts5g5 9 #ahab-ac & ( ,blu*] on ,p>is 9 #ahad & on ,wat]loo 9 #ahae2 ea* ( :i* annihilat$ = ! "t be+ ! milit>y p[] ( ,france8 ,w he devise milit>y conceptions sup]ior to ^? :]eby ,von ,moltke ov]?rew ,d5m>k 9 six h\rs1 ,au/ria 9 six days1 & ,france 9 six weeks8 99 99 99 99 99 ,! sapi5t race ( quill-driv]s ev] has hugg$ to its brea/ _m delusions2 "s ( :i* bord] ^u ! out] intellectual d>kness4 ,"o ( ^! delusions is t mo/ p]si/5tly adv]tis$1 lea/ sub/antial1 b =ev] d>l+ fir/ favorite ( timid & inexp]i5c$ m9ds3 8,! p5 is mighti] ?an ! sword40 ,explanation ( ! inv9cible ignorance ( ! p5ny-a-l9] is simple1 viz43 ,( ! myriad self-appo9t$ educators to ! public1 few are famili> ev5 ) ! rudim5t>y pr9ciples ( ,milit>y ,sci5ce & almo/ none are acqua9t$ ev5 ) ! simple/ processes ( ,/rategetic ,art4 ,h5ce1 l all :o disc\rse on matt]s :i* !y d n und]/&1 su* writ]s cont9ually conf\nd toge!r ?+s :i* h no connection4 ,ignorant ( w> & ! use ( weapons2 bewild]$ by ! prodigi\s improvem5ts 9 me*anical details1 !y immod]ately magnify ! importance ( su* improvem5ts1 oblivi\s to ! fact t ^! latt] relate exclusively to elem5t>y tactics & 9 no way affect ! sy/em ( ,/rategy1 ,logi/ics1 & ! high] bran*es ( ,tactics4 ,( su* p1 ! lea/ t c be said & t 9 all *>ity1 is1 t be=e essay+ ! role ( ! p$agogue1 !y %\ld endeavor to grasp t mo/ obvi\s ( all tru?s3 8,a man _c tea* :at he nev] has le>n$40 ,says ,fr$]ic ! ,great3 8,improvem5ts & new discov]ies 9 implem5ts ( w>f>e w be made cont9ually2 & g5]als !n alive mu/ modify tactics to comply ) ^! novelties4 ,b ! ,gr& ,art ( tak+ advantage ( topographical conditions & ( ! faulty disposition ( ! oppos+ =ces1 ,,et]nally ,,w ,,rema9 ,,un*ang$ 9 ! milit>y sy/em40 99 99 99 99 99 ,naturally1 ! /ud5t n[ is l$ to inquire3 ,:at !n is ?is immutable milit>y sy/em8 ,:at are its text books1 :]e is x taught & f :om is x to be le>n$8 ,9 answ] x may be /at$3 ,at ! pres5t day1 private milit>y s*ools make no attempt to tea* m ?an elem5t>y tactics4 ,ev5 ! ,gov]nm5tal academy curriculum aims little high] ?an ! s*ool ( ! battalion4 ,sci5tific ,*ess-play beg9s :]e ^! in/itutions leave (f1 & ends at t goal :i* none ( ^! in/itutions ev5 attempt to rea*4 ,*ess tea*es to conduct campaigns1 to w9 battles1 & to move troops securely & effectively 9 ! pres5ce ( & despite ! opposition ( an equal or sup]ior enemy4 ,milit>y s*ools graduate boys z second-lieut5ants comm&+ a platoon4 ,*ess graduates ,g5]als1 able to mobilize ,corps d'armee1 :atev] _! numb] or location2 to develop ^! into prop]ly po/$ integ]s ( a gr& ,/rategic ,front & to manoeuvre & op]ate ! army z a ,/rategetic ,unit1 9 accordance to ! laws ( ! ,/rategetic art & ! pr9ciples ( ! ,/rategetic sci5ce4 ,by precept & by actual practice1 ,*ess tea*es :at is ,,n taught 9 any milit>y s*ool--t lea/ und]/ood & mo/ misund]/ood2 t be/ gu>d$ & mo/ invaluable ( all ,/ate ,secrets-- ,! pr(ession ( ,,g5]al%ip4 99 99 99 99 99 8,books w speak pla9 :5 c\nsellors blan*4 ,!re=e x is good to be conv]sant ) !m2 especially ! books ( su* z !mselves h be5 actors ^u ! /age40--,sir ,francis ,bacon4 99 99 99 99 99 8,at ?is mom5t1 ,europe1 :i* fe>s nei!r ,god nor devil1 grovels 9 t]ror be=e a little man h>dly five feet 9 height2 :o1 clad 9 a cock$ hat & grey great-coat & m\nt$ ^u a :ite horse1 plods along ?r\gh mud & d>kness2 foll[$ by ! mo/ en?usia/ic1 mo/ devot$ & mo/ effici5t b& ( cut-?roats & robb]s1 ! _w has ev] se540 99 99 99 99 99 8,_m good soldi]s are b poor g5]als40--,hannibal4 99 99 99 99 99 8,no soldi] s]v+ "u a victori\s comm&]1 ev] has en\gh ( w>40--,caes>4 99 99 99 99 99 8,(fic]s always %\ld be *os5 f ! nobility & nev] f ! l[] ord]s ( society2 = ! =m]1 no matt] h[ dissolute1 always reta9 a s5se ( honor1 :ile ! latt]1 ?\gh guilty ( atroci\s actions1 return to _! homes )\t compunction & are receiv$ by _! families )\t disapprobation40--,fr$]ic ! ,great4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ! t]rible disa/] ( ,cannae1 ! ,patrician ,consul ,aemilius ,paulus & #hj1jjj ,romans di$ fight+ sword 9 h&2 :ile ! ,plebian ,consul1 ,v>ro1 fl$ e>ly 9 ! battle4 ,^u ! return ( ! latt] to ,rome1 ! ,s5ate1 in/ead ( ord]+ 8 execution1 ) )]+ s>casm =mally vot$ him its ?anks & ! ?anks ( ! ,roman p1 8t he did n despair ( ! ,republic40 99 99 99 99 99 8,among u we h a man ( s+ul> "*--"o ,phocion4 ,he seems n to "k t he lives 9 our mod]n age & at incomp>able ,a!ns4 ,he is poor1 yet is n humiliat$ by 8 pov]ty2 he does good1 yet nev] boa/s ( x2 & gives advice1 ?\gh he is c]ta9 x w n be foll[$4 ,he possesses tal5t )\t ambition & s]ves ! /ate )\t reg>d to 8 own int]e/4 ,at ! head ( ! army1 he cont5ts himself ) re/or+ discipl9e & beat+ ! enemy4 ,:5 address+ ! assembly1 he is equally unmov$ by ! disapprobation or ! applause ( ! multitude4 8,we laugh at 8 s+ul>ities & we h discov]$ an admirable secret = rev5g+ ourselves = 8 contempt4 ,he is ! only g5]al we h left--b we d n employ him2 he is ! mo/ upright & p]haps ! mo/ intellig5t ( our c\nsellors--b we d n li/5 to him4 ,x is true1 we _c make him *ange 8 pr9ciples1 b1 by ,heav51 nei!r %all he induce u to *ange ours2 & x nev] %all be said t by ! example ( 8 sup]annuat$ virtues & ! influ5ce ( 8 antique tea*+s1 ,phocion 0 able to correct ! mo/ poli%$ & amiable p 9 ! _w40--,callim$on4 ,,g5]al%ip ,,*ess ,,g5]al%ip 8,9 ,*ess ! soldi]s are ! m5 & ! ,g5]al is ! m9d ( ! play]40--,emanuel ,lask]4 99 99 99 99 99 8,x is nei!r ri*es nor armies t make a nation =midable2 b ! c\rage & g5ius ( ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief40--,fr$]ic ! ,great4 99 99 99 99 99 8,ho6 ,ye ,mac$onians6 ,because toge!r we h conqu]$ ! ,_w1 ?9k ye to give law to ! blood ( ,a*illes & to )/& ! dictates ( ! ,son ( ,jupit]8 8,*oose ye a new comm&]1 draw y\rselves up = battle2 ,i w lead aga9/ y ^? ,p]sians :om ye s despise1 & if y are victori\s1 by ,meh]cule1 ,i w d ev]y?+ t y desire40--,alex&] ! ,great4 99 99 99 99 99 8,x is ,i & ,i alone1 :o give y y\r glory & y\r success40--,napoleon4 99 99 99 99 99 8,my ?\ghts are n y\r ?\ghts1 nei!r are y\r ways1 ,my ways1 sai? ! ,"l40--,holy ,bible4 ,by au?ority indisputable1 ! ex-ca!dra dictum ( ! greate/ ( ! ,great ,capta9s1 we h be5 in=m$ t ! high] processes ( ! milit>y sy/em1 et]nally w rema9 un*ang$4 ,z a necess>y coroll>y1 x foll[s t ^! processes always h be5 & always w be compreh5d$ & employ$ by e great ,capta94 ,equally1 x is self-evid5t1 t capability to compreh5d ^! high] processes1 unit$ ) ability prop]ly to utilize !m to w9 battles & campaigns1 con/itutes g5ius = ,w>f>e4 ,moreov]1 we are fur!r in=m$ by ! same unimpea*able au?ority1 t s irresi/ible is g5ius = w>f>e1 t unit$ to c\rage1 x is =midable beyond ! unit$ f9ancial & milit>y res\rces ( ! ,/ate4 ,9 corroboration ( ?is1 we h ! te/imony ( well-qualifi$ judges4 ,says ! ,c\nt de ,saxe3 8,unless a man is born ) tal5t = w> & ?is tal5t is br\ght to p]fection1 x is impossible = him to be m ?an an indiff]5t g5]al40 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ^! days1 m or less deg5]ate f ! soldi]ly /&po9t1 ! fanta/ic sophi/ries ( ,helvetius h vogue1 & mo/ p believe book-le>n+ to be all-9-all4 ,_m are s weak-m9d$1 z really to believe1 t because born 9 ! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury1 !y necess>ily are ! repository ( all ! virtues1 & p>ticul>ly ( all ! k acquir$ by _! ance/ors f remote/ g5]ations4 ,few seem to und]/& t ! *ild1 ev5 ( ultra-mod]n conditions1 is born j z ignorant & (t5 inv9cibly s1 z 7 ! sons ( ,ham1 ,%em & ,japhet1 & mo/ appe> to be unaw>e1 t3 ,only by intellig5t reflection ^u _! own exp]i5ce & ^u ! exp]i5ces ( o!rs1 c "o acquire k4 ,! triviality ( cr[d+ ! memory ) ?+s t may or may n be true1 is ! m]e/ mimicry ( education4 ,real education is no?+ m ?an ! fruit ( exp]i5ce2 & he :o acts 9 con=mity to su* k1 alone is wise4 ,?us to act1 implies ability to compreh5d4 ,b !re are ^? 9 :om capability is limit$2 h5ce1 all may n be wise :o wi% to be s1 & ^! necess>ily rema9 ?r\gh life v mu* z !y are born4 ,! use ( k w\ld be inf9itely m c]ta91 if our und]/&+ ( its accurate application 7 z ext5sive z our ne$s require4 ,we h only a few ideas ( ! attributes ( matt] & ( ! laws ( me*anics1 out ( an inf9ite numb] ( secrets :i* mank9d nev] c hope to discov]4 ,?is r5d]s our feeble adaptations 9 practice ( ! k we possess1 (times inadequate = ! result we desire2 & x seems obvi\s t if ,nature _h int5d$ man to atta9 to ! sup]lative1 %e w\ld h end[$ him ) intellig5ce & h communicat$ to him in=mation1 inf9itely sup]ior to t we possess4 ,! univ]sal blund] ( mank9d arises f an halluc9ation t all m9ds are creat$ equal2 & t by m]e book-le>n+1 i4e41 simply by memoriz+ :at somebody says are facts x is possible = any man to atta9 to sup]ior & ev5 to sup]lative ability4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* pr(\ndly1 b utt]ly mis-educat$ p1 n unnaturally may inquire1 by :at "r speaks ! em95t w>rior previ\sly quot$4 ,^! prop]ly may be in=m$ 9 ! words ( ,fr$]ic ! ,great3 8,! ,c\nt de ,saxe is ! h]o ( ! brave/ action ev] done by man40 viz41 ,a great battle 0 rag+4 ,)9 a magnific5t ,pavilion 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,fr5* camp1 ! ,k+1 ! nobility & ! high ,ecclesia/ics ( ! realm 7 gr\p$ ab\t a pla9 iron cot4 ,prone ^u ?is cot1 wa/$ by disease1 lay ! ,c\nt de ,saxe1 9 t /upor :i* (t5 prec$es & usually presages dissolution4 ,! la/ rites ( ! ,*ur* _h be5 adm9i/]$1 & ! assemblage 9 sil5ce & appreh5sion1 await$ ! approa* ( a victori\s enemy & ! f9al gasp ( a g5]al :o _h nev] lo/ a battle4 ,! d9 ( /rife draw+ ne>]1 p5etrat$ ! coma :i* en%r\d$ ! s\l ( ! great ,field-,m>%al4 ,saxe op5$ 8 eyes4 ,8 exp]i5c$ e> told him t 8 army1 r\t$ & disord]$1 0 fly+ be=e an exultant enemy4 ,! giant ^: pa/ime x 0 to te> horse%oes 9 twa9 ) 8 b>e h&s & to twi/ nails into corkscrews ) 8 f+]s1 /agg]$ to 8 feet1 ho>sely articulat+ fi]ce & m&atory ejaculations4 ,ha/ily clo!d1 ! ,c\nt de ,saxe 0 plac$ 9 a litt] & borne out ( 8 pavilion into t *aos ( ru9 & c>nage :i* inv>iably accompanies a lo/ battle4 ,ar\nd him1 beh9d & 9 front1 sw>m$ 8 brok5 battalions & disorganiz$ squadrons2 :ile 9 pursuit advanc$ maje/ically 9 solid column1 ! triumphant ,engli%4 ,saxe dem&$ 8 horse & armor4 ,clad 9 iron & support$ 9 ! saddle on ei!r h&1 ?is mod]n ,a*illes gallop$ to ! front ( 8 army2 !n1 at ! head ( ! ,scot* ,gu>ds1 ! ,iri% ,brigade1 & ,fr5* ,h\sehold troops1 ,saxe 9 p]son1 l$ t s]ies ( t]rific h&-to-h& onslaughts :i* drove ! ,engli% army f ! field ( battle1 & ga9$ ! fam\s victory ( ,font5oy4 99 99 99 99 99 8,fur!rmore10 decl>es ?is illu/ri\s ,g5]alissimo ( ,l\is ,,xiv2 8,x is possible to make w> )\t tru/+ any?+ to accid5t2 ?is is ! highe/ po9t ( skill & p]fection )9 ! prov9ce ( a g5]al40 8,mo/ m510 writes ,v]getius1 8imag9e t /r5g? & c\rage are suffici5t to secure victory4 ,su* are ignorant t :5 !y exi/1 /ratagem vanqui%es /r5g? & skill ov]comes c\rage40 ,9 8 celebrat$ "w1 ,in/itutorum ,rei ,milit>is1 t s\rce f :5ce all writ]s d]ive _! be/ k ( ! milit>y me?ods ( ! anci5ts2 & by means ( :i*1 he /rove to revive 9 8 deg5]ate c\ntrym5 t intellig5t valor :i* di/+ui%es _! great ance/ors--! fam\s ,roman reit]ates ?is solemn w>n+3 8,victory 9 w> dep5ds n on numb]s1 nor on c\rage2 skill & discipl9e only1 c ensure x40 ,! emphasis ?us laid by ^! great w>riors on g5ius = w>f>e is /ill fur!r acc5tuat$ by m5 ^: dicta few w dispute1 viz41 8,! und]/&+ ( ! ,comm&]10 says ,fr$]ic ! ,great1 8has m influ5ce on ! outcome ( ! battle or campaign1 ?an has ! pr[ess ( 8 troops40 ,says ,napoleon3 8,! g5]al is ! head1 ! :ole ( an army4 ,x 0 n ! ,roman army t subjugat$ ,gaul1 x 0 ,caes>2 nor 0 x ! ,c>?ag5ian army t made ! ,republic tremble to ! gates ( ,rome1 x 0 ,hannibal2 x 0 n ! ,mac$onian army :i* rea*$ ! ,indus1 x 0 ,alex&]2 x 0 n ! ,fr5* army :i* c>ri$ w> to ! ,wes] & ! ,inn1 x 0 ,tur5ne2 x 0 n ! ,prussian army :i* = sev5 ye>s def5d$ ,prussia aga9/ ! ?ree /ronge/ p[]s ( ,europe1 x 0 ,fr$]ic ! ,great40 ,f su* op9ions by m5 ^: c>e]s ev9ce sup]lative k ( ! subject1 x is cle>1 t3 ,i4 ,!re exi/s a sy/em ( ,/rategetics common to all great comm&]s2 ,,ii4 ,t und]/&+ ( ?is sy/em is %[n by ! skillful use ( x2 ,,iii4 ,t su* skill is d]iv$ f innate capability2 ,,iv4 ,t ^? end[$ by ,nature ) ?is tal5t1 mu/ br+ _! gifts to p]fection1 by intellig5t /udy4 ,s ab/ruse are ! processes ( ?is greate/ ( all pr(essions1 t compreh5sion ( x has be5 evid5c$ by elev5 m5 only1 viz43 ,epam9ondas1 ,alex&]1 ,caes>1 ,hannibal1 ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 ,tur5ne1 ,eug5e1 ,fr$]ic1 ,wa%+ton1 ,napoleon1 ,von ,moltke4 ,compreh5sion ( ?is sy/em c be atta9$1 only by innate capability br\ght to p]fection by intellig5t /udy ( ! words & a*ievem5ts ( ^! great ,capta9s4 ,= life is s %ort & our memories 9 g5]al s defective1 t we ought to seek in/ruction only f ! pure/ s\rces4 ,none b m5 end[$ by ,nature ) ! milit>y m9d & tra9$ 9 ! s*ool ( ! great ,capta9s1 are able to write intellig5tly on ! acts & motives ( g5]als ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,all ! writ+s ( m]e lit]ati relative to ^! uncommon m51 no matt] h[ excell5t su* au?ors may be1 nev] c rise to any?+ m ?an elegant phraseology4 ,x is ( enlight5$ critics1 su* z ! =m]1 t ! y\?ful /ud5t always is fir/ 9 ne$4 ,su* w guide him along a road1 9 :i* he :o has no conductor may easily lose himself4 ,!y w correct 8 blund]s consid]ately1 recollect+ t %\ld ^! be ridicul$ or treat$ ) sev]ity1 tal5t might be /ifl$ :i* might h]eaft] bloom to p]fection4 ,x is a difficult matt] to =m ! av]age /ud5t1 & to imp>t to him t degree ( intellig5t audacity & confid5t prud5ce :i* is requisite = ! prop] practice ( ! ,art ( ,/rategetics4 ,to secure pr(ici5cy1 ! /ud5t f ! beg9n+ mu/ *e]fully submit himself to a m5tal discipl9e1 :i* prop]ly may be t]m$ sev]e2 9 ord] to make 8 faculties ob$i5t to 8 w4 ,secondly1 he mu/ regul>ly ex]cise ^! faculties1 9 ord] to make !m active & to acquire ! habit ( implicitly con=m+ to ! laws ( ! ,art2 to make himself famili> ) its processes1 & to e/abli% 9 8 m9d t confid5ce 9 its practice :i* c come only ?r\gh exp]i5ce4 ,! /ud5t daily %\ld ex]cise 8 m9d 9 ! r\t9e ( deploym5ts1 developm5ts1 evolutions1 manoeuvres1 & op]ations1 bo? on ! (f5sive & on ! def5sive4 ,^! ex]cises %\ld be impr9t$ on ! memory by closely review+ ! lesson ( ! previ\s day4 ,ev5 ) all ?is sev]e & con/ant ef=t1 "t is necess>y = practical tactics to become habitual2 = ! /ud5t mu/ become s famili> ) ^! movem5ts & =mations t he c execute !m in/antly & ) precision4 ,to acquire ?is degree ( p]fection1 mu* /udy is necess>y2 x is a mi/ake to ?9k o!rwise4 ,b ?is /udy is its own suffici5t rew>d1 = ! /ud5t soon w f9d t x has ext5d$ 8 ideas1 & t he is beg9n+ to ?9k 9 ! ,,great4 ,at ! same "t ! /ud5t %\ld ?or\ghly in/ruct himself 9 milit>y hi/ory1 topography1 logic1 ma!matics1 & ! sci5ce ( =tification4 ,) all ( ^! ! /rategi/ mu/ be famili>4 ,b 8 *ief aim mu/ be to p]fect 8 judgm5t & to br+ x to ! highe/ degree ( broadness & exactness4 ,?is is be/ done by contemplation ( ! works ( ! ,great ,ma/]s4 ,! pa/ hi/ory ( ,*ess-play1 is ! true s*ool = ^? :o aspire to prec$5ce 9 ! ,royal ,game4 ,x is _! fir/ duty to in=m !mselves ( ! processes ( ! great 9 e age1 9 ord] to %un _! errors & to avail ( _! me?ods4 ,x is ess5tial to grasp t sy/em ( play common to ! ,ma/]s2 to pursue x /ep by /ep4 ,p>ticul>ly is x necess>y to le>n t he :o c be/ d$uce consequ5ces 9 situations ^: outcome is 9 d\bt1 is ! competitor :o w c>ry (f ! prize f o!rs :o act less rationally ?an himself4 ,especially1 %\ld ! /ud5t be w>y 9 reg>d to :at is t]m$ *ess analysis1 z appli$ to ! s-call$ 8op5+s0 & to ! mid-game4 ,mo/ *ess analy/s are compil]s ( falsities occasionally int]sp]s$ ) tru?4 ,among ! prodigi\s numb] ( v>iations :i* !y pret5d to e/abli% or refute1 none may be implicitly reli$ on 9 actual play2 few are ( value except = m]ely elem5t>y purposes1 & _m are fallacies fatal to ! us]4 ,! reason = ?is is3 :5ev] m5 invit$ by curiosity1 seek to exam9e circum/antially ev5 ! less intricate situations on ! ,*ess-bo>d1 !y at once become lo/ 9 a labyr9? ab\nd+ 9 obscurities & contradictions4 ,^?1 :o ignorant ( ! syn!tic me?od ( calculation1 are compell$ to dep5d ^u _! analytic p[]s1 quickly f9d t ^!1 on acc\nt ( ! numb] ( unkn[n quantities1 are utt]ly inadequate4 ,any attempt to calculate ! true move 9 ,*ess-play by analysis1 o!r ?an 9 situations devoid ( unkn[n quantities1 is futile4 ,yet x is ( su* folly t ! m$iocre m9d is mo/ enam\r$4 ,cont5t ) see+ mu*1 x is oblivi\s to :at x _c see2 & ! analytical sy/em consi/s m]ely 9 claim+ t !re is no?+ to see1 o!r ?an :at x does see4 ,?is is t sl5d] re$ ^u :i* ! s-call$ 8*ess-analy/0 hangs 8 claims1 oblivi\s to ! basic tru? t 9 analysis1 unless all is kn[n1 no?+ is kn[n4 ,_m delude !mselves to ! contr>y & /rive to arrive at correct conclusions )\t fir/ hav+ arrang$ cle>ly be=e _! m9ds all ! facts4 ,h5ce1 _! op9ions & judgm5ts1 be+ f\nd$ 9 ignorance ( all ! facts1 are to t ext5t defective2 & _! conclusions necess>ily wrong4 ,?r\gh action tak5 ^u incomplete k1 m5 are beguil$ into error2 & x is to su* unreason t mo/ human cata/rophes are to be attribut$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mo/ ( ^? :o attempt to write on ,/rategetics1 & :e!r appli$ to ,*ess-play or to ,w>f>e1 v quickly are compell$ to seek refuge 9 vague phrases2 9 ord] to conceal _! unc]ta9 grasp on ! subject discuss$4 ,! un9=m$ believe 9 !m1 because ( _! reputation1 & are satisfi$ t ! ?+ is s1 )\t und]/&+ ,,:y4 ,words int5d$ to convey in/ruction1 %\ld n be us$ except 9 _! prop] mean+4 ,ea* ^w %\ld be def9$ = ! /ud5t & its use regulat$4 ,! true use ( words be+ e/abli%$1 !re is no long] dang] f a play ^u !m2 or1 f diff]5t & confus$ ideas annex$ to !m1 ei!r by ! p]sons :o read1 or :o employ !m4 ,by means ( ?is w>n+1 ! /ud5t easily may detect ! empty m\?+s ( en?usia/ic inexp]i5ce1 & equally s1 ! casui/ries ( ! subtle exp]t2 :o (t5 uses language m]ely to conceal f y\?ful tal5t1 k :i* if imp>t$1 might be fatal to 8 dom9ation4 ,z ! /ud5t progresses t[>d pr(ici5cy1 he1 soon] or lat]1 w come to realize1 t ( all disgu/+ ?+s1 to a m9d :i* revolts at nons5se1 reason+ ill is ! wor/4 ,x is di/ress+1 to be afflict$ ) ! absurdities ( m51 :o1 victims ( ! fancy1 conf\nd en?usiasm ) capability & mi/ake mania = tal5t4 ,! _w is full ( su* p1 :o1 9 all hone/y ?9k+ !mselves philosoph]s1 are only vision>ies enam\r$ ( _! own lunatic illusions4 ,! true discipl9e = ! /ud5t :o aspires to pr(ici5cy at ,*ess-play1 is1 9 e succe$+ game1 to imitate m closely ! play ( ! ,great ,ma/]s2 & to endeavor to take 8 measures ) m att5tion & judgm5t ?an 9 any prec$+4 ,e play] at ,*ess has defects2 _m h v great ones4 ,9 se>*+ = ^! "o %\ld n treat himself t5d]ly1 & :5 exam9+ 8 faults1 he %\ld grant himself no qu>t]4 ,p>ticul>ly %\ld ! /ud5t cultivate confid5ce 9 & rigidly adh]e to ! /&>d ( skill1 z int]pret$ by t immutable ,sy/em ( ,*ess-play1 ( :i* ,morphy is ! unapproa*able & all-suffici5t expon5t4 ,obs]v+ ! lack ( me?od display$ by ! incompet5t ,*ess-comm&]1 ! /ud5t ( ?is sy/em w rem>k ) a/oni%m5t1 ! want ( plan & ! entire abs5ce ( co-op]ation betwe5 ! v>i\s ,*essic corps d'armee1 :i* "u su* lead]%ip are incapable ( a g5]al ef=t4 ,h[ d5se is su* a lead] 9 ! selection ( a project1 h[ sl[ & slov5ly 9 its execution2 h[ _m opportunities does he suff] to escape him & h[ _m enorm\s faults does he n commit8 ,to su* ?+s1 ! num]ically weak] b m skillful oppon5t1 (t5 is indebt$ = safety & ultimately = success4 ,"o :o is oppos$ by su* blockheads1 necess>ily mu/ ga9 advantages cont9ually2 = conduct s opposite to all ! laws ( ! ,art1 is1 9 itself1 suffici5t to incur ru94 ,x is = su* neglig5ce on 8 own "p t "o (t5 has cause bitt]ly to reproa* himself4 ,b su* errors1 especially on ! "p ( great play]s1 are exempl>y lessons = ! /ud5t1 :o f !m may le>n to be m prud5t1 circumspect1 & wise4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^? :o make a m]e pa/ime ( ,*ess1 :o h no desire = ! true b5efit ( ! game1 d n des]ve in=mation4 ,su* p are m num]\s ?an may be suppos$4 ,!y h few coh]5t ideas & are usually influ5c$ by m]e *att] & by writ]s ^: sole excuse is en?usiasm4 ,^! play]s at ! game _c b5efit by example4 ,! follies ( o!rs af=d !m no useful lesson4 ,ea* g5]ation ( su* 8wood-%ift]s10 has bl9dly foll[$ 9 ! foot/eps ( ^? prec$+ & daily is guilty ( errors :i* times innum]able h be5 fully expos$4 ,x is ! d>l+ habit ( su* folk to treat ! great ?+s 9 ,*ess ) levity & to dignify ^? insignificant matt]s :i* app]ta9 to ! game :5 us$ z a play?+4 ,su* p are m]ely en?usia/ic2 usually !y are equally frivol\s4 ,!y d ev]y?+ f fancy1 no?+ f design4 ,_! zeal is /rong1 b !y c nei!r regulate nor control x4 ,su* be> ab\t _! ,*essic disabilities 9 _! "*4 ,inflat$ 9 good =tune1 grovel+ 9 adv]sity1 ^! play]s nev] atta9 to t sage contemplation1 :i* r5d]s ! sci5tific practice ( ,*ess s indescribably beautiful4 ,!re is ano!r class ( ,*ess-play]s :o f m]e levity ( m9d are incapable ( /eadily pursu+ any fix$ plan2 b :o ov]turn1 move by move1 ev5 su* advantages z _! good =tune may h procur$4 ,!re are o!rs1 :o1 al?\gh possess$ ( great vivacity ( m9d & eag] = in=mation1 yet lack t pati5ce necess>y to receive in/ruction4 ,la/ly1 !re are n a few ^: way ( ?9k+ & ! validity ( ^: calculations1 dep5d ^u _! good or ill dige/ion4 ,x is 9 va9 t su* p endeavor to div9e ?+s beyond _! und]/&+4 ,h5ce x is1 t among ^? incapable ( ?\ght1 or too indol5t = m5tal ef=t1 ! game proce$s 9 easy fa%ion until r\t9e is ov]4 ,aft]w>d1 at ea* move1 ! mo/ probable conjecture passes = ! be/ reason & victory ultimately re/s ) him ^: blund]s are lea/ imm$iately consequ5tial4 99 99 99 99 99 ,und]/&+ ( high art is disp5s$ only to ! few2 ! great mass nei!r c compreh5d nor enjoy x4 ,9 spite ( ! good natur$ ,helvetius1 all are n wise :o wi% to be s & m5 ev] w rema9 :at ,nature made !m4 ,x is impossible = ! /ream to rise high] ?an its s\rce4 8,! progress ( human reason10 writes ! great ,fr$]ic1 8is m sl[ ?an is imag9$2 ! true cause ( :i* is t mo/ m5 are satisfi$ ) vague notions ( ?+s & b few take "t = exam9ation & deep inquiry4 8,"s1 fett]$ by prejudice f _! infancy1 wi% n1 or are unable to break _! *a9s2 o!rs1 delight+ 9 frivolity "k n a ^w ( ma!matics & enjoy life )\t all[+ _! pleasures to be int]rupt$ by a mom5t ( reflection4 ,%\ld "o ?9k+ man 9 a ?\s& be discov]$ x w be mu*2 & x is = him t m5 ( tal5t write4 8,! re/ naturally are (f5d$1 = no?+ s enrages ! m$iocre m9d z to be compell$ to admit to itself its own inf]iority4 ,consequ5tly1 !y consign book1 au?or1 & read] conjo9tly to ,satan4 ,s mu* easi] is x to condemn ?an to refute1 or to le>n40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! e>ly success ( _m "y /ud5ts does n p]mit !m to obs]ve t !y (t5 h dep>t$ f ! rules ( ! ,art4 ,z !y h escap$ puni%m5t = _! errors1 !y rema9 unacqua9t$ ) ! dang]s to :i* !y 7 expos$4 ,con/ant good =tune f9ally makes !m ov]-confid5t & !y d n suspect x necess>y to *ange _! measures1 ev5 :5 9 ! pres5ce ( an able foe4 ,?us1 ! y\?ful tyro1 inconsid]ate1 inconsi/5t1 & turbul5t1 & oblivi\s to ! innum]able dang]s by :i* he is surr\nd$1 plays 8 pieces hi!r & ?i!r1 z fancy & incl9ation dictate1 cull+ b\quets ( ! mo/ gorge\s fl[]s ( ! imag9ation2 ?\ghtless ( ! future & p]fectly happy because he _c reflect4 ,to reason exactly1 ! /ud5t fir/ mu/ rid 8 m9d ( all preconceiv$ notions2 he mu/ reg>d ! matt] "u consid]ation z a blank %eet ( pap]1 ^u :i* no?+ is to be writt5 save ^? ?+s :i* by ! processes ( logic & demon/ration1 are e/abli%$ z facts4 ,!re is mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,art ( ,logic & m]e conjecture4 ,! calculations ( ari?meticians1 ?\gh rigor\s & exact1 are nev] difficult2 because !y relate to kn[n quantities & to ! palpable objects ( nature4 ,b :5 x is requir$ to argue f comb9+ circum/ances1 ! lea/ ignorance ( unc]ta9 & obscure facts breaks ! *a9 & we are deceiv$ e mom5t4 ,?is is no defect ( ! und]/&+1 b error aris+ f plausible ideas1 :i* we> ! face ( & are too quickly accept$ = tru?4 ,a long *apt] c be writt5 on ! diff]5t ways 9 :i* m5 lose !mselves 9 _! conjectures4 ,innum]able examples ( ?is are n want+1 & all because !y h suff]$ !mselves to be hurri$ away & ?us to be precipitate 9 draw+ _! conclusions4 ,! "p t ! ,g5]al1 :e!r 9 ,*ess-play or 9 ,w>f>e1 has to act1 always is m difficult because he mu/ n p]mit himself ! lea/ mi/ake1 b is b\nd to behave ) prud5ce & sagacity ?r\gh\t a long s]ies ( intricate processes4 ,a s+le false d$uction1 or a movem5t ( ! enemy un9telligible to a comm&]1 may lead him to commit an irrem$iable error2 & 9 cases :]e9 ! situation is beyond compreh5sion1 8 ignorance is inv9cible4 ,= h[ev] ext5sive ! human m9d may be1 x nev] is suffici5tly s to p5etrate ^? m9ute comb9ations necess>y to be develop$ 9 ord] to =esee & regulate ev5ts1 ! sequ5ce1 utility & ev5 exi/5ce ( :i*1 dep5d ^u future cont+5cies4 ,incid5ts :i* are pa/1 c be expla9$ cle>ly1 because ! reasons !re= are manife/4 ,b m5 easily deceive !mselves conc]n+ ! future1 :i*1 by a veil ( innum]able & imp5etrable second>y causes1 is conceal$ f ! mo/ pry+ inspection4 ,9 su* situations1 h[ pu]ile are ! projects ev5 ( ! greate/ ,/rategi/4 ,to him1 z mu* z to ! tyro1 is ! future hidd52 he kn[s n :at %all happ51 ev5 on ! next move4 ,h[ !n may he =esee ^? situations :i* second>y causes lat] may produce8 ,circum/ances mo/ (t5 oblige him to act contr>y to 8 wi%es2 & 9 ! flux & reflux ( =tune1 x is ! "p ( prud5ce to con=m to sy/em & to act ) consi/5cy4 ,x is impossible to =esee all ev5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 8,x is n possible10 writes ! ,c\nt de ,saxe1 8to e/abli% a sy/em )\t fir/ be+ acqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples t mu/ necess>ily support x40 ,9 corroboration ( ?is is ! op9ion ( ,fr$]ic ! ,great3 8,condemn$ by my un=tunate />s to philosophies on cont+5cies & on probabilities ,i employ my :ole att5tion to exam9e ! pr9ciple on :i* my argum5t mu/ re/ & to procure all possible in=mation on t po9t4 ,depriv$ ( su* precaution1 ! edifice ,i erect1 want+ a base1 w\ld fall l a h\se ( c>ds40 ,ev]yone :o does n proce$ on pr9ciple1 is inconsi/5t 9 8 conduct4 ,equally s1 :5ev] ! pr9ciple on :i* "o acts is false1 i4e41 does n apply to ! exi/+ situation2 all d$uctions bas$ !reon1 if appli$ to ! exi/+ situation1 necess>ily are false4 8,^? pr9ciples :i* ! ,art ( ,w>f>e prescribes1 nev] %\ld be dep>t$ f10 writes ,fr$]ic ! ,great1 8& g5]als rigidly %\ld adh]e to ^? circumspections & nev] sw]ve f implicit ob$i5ce to laws1 ^u ^: exact obs]vance dep5ds ! safety ( _! armies & ! success ( _! projects40 ,?us ! /ud5t w cle>ly see t all o!r calculations1 ?\gh nev] s +5i\sly imag9$1 are ( small wor? 9 comp>ison ) compreh5sion ( ! use ( ,/rategetic pr9ciples4 ,by means ( ^! latt]1 we are taught to control ! rag+ =ces :i* dom9ate 9 ! competitive arts & to compel ob$i5ce f fri5d & foe alike4 8,to ! %ame ( humanity x mu/ be confess$10 writes ,fr$]ic ! ,great1 8t :at (t5 passes = au?ority & consequ5ce is m]e assumption1 us$ z a cloak to conceal f ! layman ! extreme ( (ficial indol5ce & /upidity4 8,to foll[ ! r\t9e ( s]vice1 to be busi$ conc]n+ food & clo?+1 & to eat :5 o!rs eat1 to fight :5 o!rs fight1 are ! :ole w>like de$s ( ! majority & con/itute :at is call$ hav+ se5 s]vice & gr[n grey 9 arms4 8,! reason :y s _m (fic]s rema9 9 a /ate ( m$iocrity1 is because !y nei!r "k1 nor tr\ble !mselves to inquire into ! causes ei!r ( _! victories or defeats1 al?\gh su* causes are exce$+ly real40 ,9 ?is connection1 writes ,polybius1 ! fri5d & biograph] ( ,hannibal3 8,hav+ made ourselves ma/]s ( ! subject ( ,w>f>e1 we %all no long] ascribe success to ,=tune & bl9dly applaud m]e conqu]ors1 z ! ignorant d2 b we %all approve & condemn f ,pr9ciple & ,reason40 ,to ! ,*ess-/ud5t no?+ c be m conclusive ?an ! foll[+3 8,my success at ,*ess-play10 writes ,paul ,morphy1 8is due to rigid adh]5ce to fix$ rules & ,pr9ciples40 99 99 99 99 99 8,*ess is be/ f\ght on ,pr9ciples1 free f all deception & trick]y40--,wilhelm ,/e9itz4 ,,gr& ,,reconnaissance 8,man c sway ! future1 only by =esee+ ?r\gh a cle> und]/&+ ( ! pres5t1 to :at f> (f end matt]s are t5d+40--,caes>4 99 99 99 99 99 8,f ! errone\s ideas !y =m 9 reg>d to good & evil1 ! ignorant1 ! mis-educat$ & ! inexp]i5c$ always act )\t precisely kn[+ :at !y ought to desire1 or :at !y ought to fe>2 & x is n 9 ! end !y propose1 b 9 ! *oice ( means1 t mo/ deceive !mselves40--,ari/otle4 ,,gr& ,,reconnaissance 8,9 e situation ! pr9cipal /rategical requirem5ts mu/ cle>ly be def9$ & all o!r ?+s mu/ be subord9at$ to ^! consid]ations40--,fr$]ic ! ,great4 99 99 99 99 99 8,"o %\ld seek to obta9 a k ( causes1 r ?an ( effects2 & %\ld endeavor to reason f ! kn[n1 to ! unkn[n40--,euclid4 ,! prov9ce ( ,gr& ,reconnaissance is exactly to det]m9e ! relative advantages & disadvantages 9 "t1 numb]s1 organization1 topography1 mobility & position1 :i* app]ta9 to ho/ile armies conta9$ 9 ! same /rategetic plane2 & to designate ^? ,corps d'armee by :i* su* advantages are mat]ially express$4 ,^? processes :i* app]ta9 to ! mak+ ( ,gr& ,reconnaissance1 necess>ily are argum5tative2 inasmu* z all ! facts nev] are det]m9ate4 ,consequ5tly1 tal5t ( ! highe/ ord] is requir$ = ! d$uc+ ( conclusions :i* nev] c be bas$ ^u exact k1 & :i* always mu/ contemplate ! pres5ce ( num]\s unkn[n quantities4 ,! responsibilities inh]5t to ,gr& ,reconnaissance nev] are to be delegat$ to1 nor ?ru/ ^u subord9ates4 ,sc\ts1 spies1 & in=m]s ( e k9d1 h _! manifold & prop] uses1 b su* uses nev] rise above furni%+ necess>y in=mation 9 reg>d to topographical1 tactical1 & logi/ic details4 ,! ,comm&]-9-*ief alone is presum$ to possess k & skill requisite to disc]n :at /rategetically is fact & :at is n fact2 & to ascribe to ea* fact its prop] place & sequ5ce4 ,lack ( milit>y tal5t & ( ,/rategetic k1 nev] is m /rik+ly %[n ?an by neglig5ce or inability 9 ?is reg>d4 ,incompet5ts1 ignorant ( ?is tru?1 & oblivi\s to its importance1 devolve su* vital responsibility ^u subord9ates2 & lat]1 ^! legaliz$ murd]]s palliate ! slaught] ( _! troops & ! national %ame by publicly reprim&+ m5 s]v+ at %ill+s p] mon?1 = fail+ 9 a s]vice1 :i* 7 ! latt] able to p]=m1 w\ld entitle !m to ! gold epaulets & g5]al's pay1 ( :i* _! comm&] is ! unfit recipi5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,k ( ! numb]1 organization1 position & movem5ts ( ! enemy's troops is ! basic elem5t = correct calculation 9 campaign & battle4 ,su* ?+s to be accurately e/imat$ mu/ be closely inspect$4 ,all speculation & all conjecture 9 reg>d to ^! matt]s is b frivolity4 ,x is by be+ precipitate & ha/y 9 mak+ su* conclusions1 t m5 are deceiv$1 = to judge rightly ( ?+s be=e !y become cle>ly %[n is mo/ difficult4 ,to act on unc]ta9ty is ,,wrong4 ,we d n "k all ! facts & a s+le iota ( light lat] on may oblige u to condemn t :i* we previ\sly h approv$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! mak+ ( ,gr& ,reconnaissance1 "o always mu/ be w>y ( plac+ too mu* confid5ce 9 appe>ances & 9 fir/ impressions4 ,especially mu/ c>e be tak5 n to magnify ! weaknesses ( ! ho/ile army1 nor ! efficacy ( ! k9dr$ position4 ,also1 "o nev] %\ld und]rate3 #a4 ,! tal5ts ( ! oppos+ comm&]2 nor #b4 ,! advantages possess$ by ! oppos+ army3 7a7 ,9 numb]s1 7b7 ,9 organization1 7c7 ,9 position1 7d7 ,9 topography1 7e7 ,9 "t1 7f7 ,9 mobility4 ,x is a fir/ ess5tial1 con/antly to note ! movem5ts ( ! enemy1 9 ord] to detect 8 plans & ! exact location ( 8 corps4 ,^! ?+s are ! only reliable guides = det]m9+ ! true c\rse ( proc$ure4 ,x mu/ be left to ! enemy to %[ by 8 movem5ts & ! po/s :i* he occupies1 ! measures he projects = ! future1 & until ^! are kn[n1 x is n prop] to ,,act4 ,h5ce3 ,,pr9ciple ,all movem5ts ( ,corps ,(f5sive %\ld be gov]n$ by ! ,,position ( ! ho/ile army1 & all movem5ts ( ,corps ,def5sive %\ld be gov]n$ by ! ,,movem5ts ( ! ho/ile army4 ,z soon z ! enemy beg9s a movem5t1 8 int5tions become cle>4 ,x is !n possible to make precise calculations4 ,b be n ha/y to build conclusions ^u unc]ta9 in=mation & d n take any resolutions until c]ta9 :at are ! numb]s1 ! position1 ! objectives1 & ! projects ( ! enemy4 ,h[ev] int]e/+ an und]tak+ may appe>1 "o %\ld n be s$uc$ by x :ile ill-in=m$ ( ! ob/acles to be met & ! possibility ( n hav+ suffici5t =ce 9 ! !atre ( action4 ,*im]ical s*emes %\ld be ab&on$ at _! inception4 ,reason1 in/ead ( extravagancies ( ! fancy1 always mu/ be ! guide4 ,m51 mo/ c\rage\s1 (t5 und]take fe>ful difficulties1 b impracticable ?+s !y leave to lunatics4 ,9 all situations1 "o mu/ bew>e ( v5tur+ beyond 8 dep?4 ,x is wis] to keep )9 ! limits :i* ! k we possess %all prescribe4 ,especially 9 crises1 "o mu/ proce$ mo/ cauti\sly until sure in=mation is acquir$2 = ov]-ha/e is exce$+ly dang]\s1 :5 exact k is lack+ ( ! enemy's numb]s1 position1 & movem5ts4 ,,pr9ciple ,situations always %\ld be contemplat$ z !y ,,exi/1 nev] z !y ,,ought to be1 or1 p]haps1 ,,may be4 ,9 e important juncture1 ea* /ep mu/ be pr(\ndly consid]$2 z little z possible %\ld be left to *ance4 ,p>ticul>ly1 mu/ "o nev] be inflat$ & r5d]$ c>eless & neglig5t by success2 nor made spiritless & fe>ful by rev]ses4 ,at all times ! ,g5]al %\ld see ?+s only z !y are & attempt :at is dictat$ by t ,/rategetic ,pr9ciple :i* dom9ates ! giv5 situation4 ,=tune (t5 does ! re/4 99 99 99 99 99 8,napoleon b5d+ ov] & sometimes ly+ at full l5g? ^u 8 map1 ) a pair ( divid]s op5$ to a di/ance on ! scale ( f #ag to #bj miles1 equal to #bb to #be miles ov] c\ntry1 & m>k+ ! positions ( 8 own & ( ! ho/ile armies by /ick+ into ! map p9s surm\nt$ by little balls made ( div]se color$ seal+ wax2 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye calculat$ ^? wond]ful conc5trations ( 8 ,corps d'armee ^u decisive po9ts & dictat$ ^? in/ructions to 8 ,m>%als :i* 9 !mselves are a title to glory40--,b>on de ,jom9i4 ,,milit>y ,,examples 8,phillip1 ,k+ ( ,mac$onia1 is ! s+le confidant ( 8 own secrets1 ! sole disp5s] ( 8 treasure1 ! mo/ able g5]al ( all ,greece1 ! brave/ soldi] 9 8 army4 ,he =esees & executes ev]y?+ himself2 anticipates ev5ts1 d]ives all possible advantages f !m & yields to !m :5 to yield is necess>y4 ,8 troops are extremely well discipl9$1 he ex]cises !m incessantly4 ,always himself at _! head1 !y p]=m ) arms & baggage m>*es ( ?ree hundr$ /adia ) al>m+ exp$ition & mak+ no diff]5ce betwe5 summ] or w9t]1 betwe5 fatigue & re/4 ,he takes no /ep )\t mature reflection1 nor proce$s to a second until he is assur$ ( ! success ( ! fir/ & 8 op]ations are always dom9at$ by consid]ations ( "t & place40--,apollodorus4 ,! facility ) :i* "o famili> ) ! ,/rategetic ,art may make ,gr& ,reconnaissance1 ev5 ( an invisible !atre ( action1 & may evolve accurate d$uctions f a mass ( inexact & contradictory reports is illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ practical examples1 viz43 ,,fir/ ,,example4 7,f ! ,new ,york ,j\rnal1 ,dec4 #bf1 #ahii ,by ,frankl9 ,k4 ,"y47 8,! position ( ! ,briti% armies is deplorable4 8,) ! s+le exception ( ,g54 ,bull]'s =ce1 ! situation ( ^! bodies ( ,briti% troops1 ?us un=tunately circum/anc$1 is cause = ! greate/ anxiety4 8,/rong indications po9t to a gr& (f5sive movem5t on ! "p ( ! ,bo]s1 ) ! object ( t]m9at+ ! w> 9 "o campaign & by a s+le bl[4 8,true1 ?is movem5t may be b a fe9t1 b if x be a true movem5t1 x is difficult to ov]-e/imate ! gravity ( ! situation ( ! ,briti% 9 ,s\? ,africa4 8,= if ?is movem5t is a true milit>y movem5t1 x %[s z cle>ly z ! sun 9 ! sky to ^? :o "k ! ,/rategetic ,art1 t ! ,bo] armies are 9 transition f ! def5sive to an (f5sive plan ( campaign1 ) ! purpose ( captur+ ,de,arr & f !nce advanc+ 9 =ce aga9/ ! *ief ,briti% depot1 ,capet[n40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ,report on ! ,briti%-,bo] ,w>1 publi%$ ,june #ad1 #aija1 conta9s ! foll[+3 7,by ,capt4 ,s4 ,l',h4 ,slocum1 ,decemb] #be1 #ahii4 ,u4 ,s4 ,milit>y ,atta*e ) ! ,briti% ,army47 8,i consid] ! pres5t situation to be ! mo/ critical = ! ,engli% =ces1 s9ce ho/ilities began4 ,%\ld ! ,bo]s assume (f5sive op]ations1 ! ,engli% armies ) _! long & ?9ly gu>d$ l9es ( communication1 w\ld be plac$ 9 great jeop>dy40 99 99 99 99 99 7,by ,*as4 ,s4 ,goldmann1 w> correspond5t ) ,g54 ,bull] & ,"l ,rob]ts 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,campaign4 ,mac,millan ,co41 #aijb47 8,_h ! def5ce 7( ,cape ,colony7 be5 entru/$ to less capable h&s ?an ^? ( ,g54 ,fr5*1 :o1 ) a m]e h&ful ( troops succe$$ n only 9 *eck+ ! ,bo] advance1 b 9 driv+ !m back on ,colesb]g1 x is n unreasonable to suppose t ! enemy w\ld h be5 able to pu% on s\? & we/ to ,craddock & ,hex ,riv] range & ?us br+ ab\t a /ate ( affairs :i* might h %ak5 ,briti% rule 9 ,s\? ,africa to its f\ndation40 ,,second ,,example4 7,bo/on ,globe1 ,jan4 #ab1 #aijj4 ,by ,frankl9 ,k4 ,"y47 8,"l ,rob]ts' fir/ object w be ! rescue ( ,"l ,me?u5's army n[ blockad$ ne> ,mag]sfonte9 by ,g54 ,conje4 8,z ! fir/ /ep to effect ?is1 ! ,briti% comm&]-9-*ief at once & ) all 8 =ce1 w occupy ! l9e f ,naauwpoort to ,de ,arr4 ,!re1 he w await ! arrival ( tw5ty-two transports n[ en r\te f ,engl&4 8,) ^! re9=cem5ts1 he w advance directly to ! ,modd] ,riv] by ! r\te previ\sly tak5 by ,"l ,me?u540 99 99 99 99 99 7,by ,*as4 ,s4 ,goldmann1 ,sp4 ,cor4 ,briti% ,army47 8,sl[ to recognize _! opportunities1 ! enemy 7 /ill 9 ! mid/ ( prep>ation1 :5 ,g54 ,fr5* rea*$ ,de ,arr4 ,mean:ile a deta*m5t "u ,major ,mc,cracken occupi$ ,naauwpoort1 to :i* place ?irty days' supplies = #cjjj m5 & #aajj animals _h be5 ord]$4 8,9 ! t5 weeks ( fight+ :i* ensu$1 prior to ! arrival ( ! ,briti% ma9 army1 ,g54 ,fr5* by 8 skillful tactics held a p[]ful =ce ( ,bo]s at bay1 *eck$ _! desc5t into ! s\!rn "p ( ! colony1 defeat$ _! attempt to display ! ,vi]kleur across ! cape p59sul>1 & mat]ially influ5c$1 if n absolutely det]m9$1 ! entire future ( ! campaign40 99 99 99 99 99 7,by ,*as4 ,s4 ,goldmann1 ,sp4 ,cor4 ) ,briti% ,army47 8,arriv+ at ,capet[n on ,jan4 #aj1 ,"l ,rob]ts decid$ t ! l9e ( m>* %\ld lead by way ( ,bloemfonte9 to ,pretoria1 initiat+ ! op]ation by ! conc5tration ( l>ge =ces on ! ,modd] ,riv]1 =m+ !re an advanc$ base40 ,,?ird ,,example4 7,bo/on ,globe1 ,jan4 #ba1 #aijj4 ,by ,frankl9 ,k4 ,"y47 8,x is pla9 t :5 ! ,bo]s took position at ,col5so !y prep>$ _! plan = ! protection ( _! flanks2 to d5y ?is w\ld be to assume t m5 :o _h display$ sup]b milit>y sagacity 7 ignorant ( ! simple/ processes ( w>f>e4 8,:at t plan is w be unfold$ v rapidly %\ld ,g54 ,bull] attempt to pi]ce ! l9e ( ,bo] v$ettes po/$ ^u ! ,spion ,kop & conceal+ z ne> z c be det]m9$ f ! pres5t meagre facts1 ei!r ! ,second1 or ! ,f\r? ,ambuscade4 8,9 ei!r case x signifies t ! ,bo]s are confid5t ( annihilat+ ,g54 ,bull]'s army if x %\ld cross ! ,tugela4 8,ab\t ?is "t ! ,bo]s are wat*+ ,g54 ,w>r5 & 8 comm& & wat*+ him int5tly4 ,some?+ may happ5 to him40 99 99 99 99 99 7,london ,times1 ,jan4 #bb1 #aijj47 8,on ,friday1 ,jan4 #ai1 ,g54 ,w>r5 began a long1 circuit\s m>* to ! we/w>d = ! purpose ( turn+ ! "r ( ! ,bo] position4 8,?is attempt 0 ab&on$ on acc\nt ( ! long ridge runn+ f ,spion ,kop be+ occupi$ by ! ,bo]s 9 su* /r5g? z to comm& ! entire r\te4 8,saturday1 ,jan4 #bj1 ,g54 ,w>r51 hav+ cross$ ! ,tugela ,riv] ) ! bulk ( 8 troops1 ord]$ a frontal attack4 ,our m5 behav$ spl5didly "u a heavy cross-fire = sev5 h\rs4 ,our casualties 7 slight4 ,?ree l9es ( rifle fire#a 7 visible along ! ,bo] ma9 position40 #a ,! ,second ,ambuscade4 ,vide 8,secret ,in/ructions0 ( ,fr$]ic ! ,great4 99 99 99 99 99 7,briti% ,w> ,(fice ,bullet91 ,jan4 #bb1 #aijj47 8,g54 ,w>r5 has be5 engag$ all day *iefly on 8 left1 :i* he has swung =w>d a c\ple ( miles40 7,sign$7 ,bull]4 99 99 99 99 99 7,briti% ,w> ,(fice ,bullet91 ,jan4 #bd1 #aijj47 8,g54 ,w>r5 holds ! position he ga9$ two days ago4 ,! ,bo] position is on high] gr\nd ?an ours & c be approa*$ only ov] b>e & op5 slopes4 ,an attempt w be made tonight to seize ,spion ,kop40 7,sign$7 ,bull]4 99 99 99 99 99 7,briti% ,w> ,(fice ,bullet91 ,jan4 #be1 #aijj47 8,g54 ,w>r5's troops la/ night occupi$ ,spion ,kop1 surpris+ ! small#b g>rison :i* fl$40 7,sign$7 ,bull]4 #b ,m]ely ! outpo/s & v$ettes ( ! ,second ,ambuscade4 99 99 99 99 99 7,briti% ,w> ,(fice ,bullet91 ,jan4 #bf1 #aijj47 8,g54 ,w>r5's g>rison1 ,i am sorry to say1 ,i f9d ?is morn+ _h 9 ! night ab&on$ ,spion ,kop40 7,sign$7 ,bull]4 99 99 99 99 99 7,briti% ,w> ,(fice ,bullet91 ,jan4 #bh1 #aijj47 8,i decid$ t a second attack on ,spion ,kop 0 useless#c & t ! enemy's "r 0 too /rong to all[ me to =ce x4 ,accord+ly ,i decid$ to )draw ! troops to ! s\? side ( ! ,tugela ,riv]40 7,sign$7 ,bull]4 #c ,! pr(f] ( an unt5able po/ always is ! bait ( ! ,second ,ambuscade4 99 99 99 99 99 7,london ,daily ,mail1 ,jan4 #bi1 #aijj47 8,! ri*e/ & :at 0 hi!rto consid]$ ! mo/ p[]ful nation 9 ! _w is today 9 ! humiliat+ position ( see+ its armies beat5 back ) heavy losses by two small /ates40 ,,f\r? ,,example4 7,bo/on ,globe1 ,feb4 #af1 #aijj1 by ,frankl9 ,k4 ,"y47 8,"l ,rob]ts' communications = ne>ly two hundr$ miles are expos$ to ! attack ( an enemy1 :o at any mom5t is liable to capture & de/roy 8 supply & ammunition tra9s & to r$uce ! ,briti% army to a condition :]e9 x w be oblig$ to fight a battle "u mo/ disadvantage\s circum/ances40 99 99 99 99 99 7,f ,unit$ ,/ates ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,report on ! ,briti% ,bo] ,w>4 ,by ,capt4 ,s4 ,l',h4 ,slocum1 ,u4 ,s4 ,atta*e ) ,briti% ,army47 8,feb4 #ae1 #aijj4 ,! ma9 supply p>k ( ! army 0 attack$ by ! enemy ne> ,wat]vale ,drift4 8,?is p>k consi/$ ( "o hundr$ ox-wagons conta9+ rations & "o hundr$ m wagons fill$ ) ammunition4 ,"o hundr$ & fifty ( ^! wagons & ?ree ?\s& ox5 7 captur$ by ! ,bo]s4 8,! loss ( ^! rations & munitions 0 a mo/ s]i\s bl[4 ,"l ,rob]ts 0 "h confront$ by a crisis :i* w\ld h /agg]$ & be5 ! undo+ ( _m comm&]s-9-*ief plac$ z he 04 8,he 0 9 ! enemy's c\ntry1 cut (f f 8 base ( supplies on ! railroad & ) an unkn[n numb] ( ! enemy 9 8 re> & ^u 8 l9e ( communication4 ,8 transport 0 ne>ly all captur$ & 8 army 0 sudd5ly r$uc$ to ?ree days full rations on ! eve ( a great movem5t & ! c\ntry af=d$ no food :atev]4 ,! crisis /ill fur!r develop$ :5 a c\ri] br\ght ! report t ! ,bo]s 7 9 position at ,wat]vale ,drift & comm&+ ! =d ) artill]y40 ,,fif? ,,example4 7,bo/on ,globe1 ,feb4 #be1 #aijj4 ,by ,frankl9 ,k4 ,"y47 8,!re is reason to believe t %\ld worse come to worse1 ! ,bo] ,army1 %\ld x be compell$ to ab&on its position1 w be able to save its p]sonnel by a rapid flight across ! ,modd]4 ,( c\rse1 9 ?is case1 ! ,bo]s w\ld lose _! supplies & cannon40 99 99 99 99 99 7,f ,unit$ ,/ates ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ,report on ! ,briti% ,bo] ,w>4 ,by ,capt4 ,s4 ,l',h4 ,slocum1 ,u4 ,s4 ,atta*e1 ) ,briti% ,army47 8,! enemy1 "u ,cronje1 ) all 8 transport 0 9 all practical effect surr\nd$1 al?\gh by ab&on+ 8 wagons & supplies1 a l>ge numb] ( ! ,bo]s und\bt$ly c\ld h escap$40 99 99 99 99 99 7,bo/on ,sunday ,times1 ,m>*1 #aijj4 ,by ,frankl9 ,k4 ,"y47 8,cronje's conduct 0 h]oic & imbecile 9 ! extreme4 ,z ! comm&] on ! gr\nd he is entitl$ to all ! glory & mu/ assume all ! blame4 ,"o ( ! able/ ( ! ,bo] g5]als1 he is ! only "o 9 ! :ole w> to make a mi/ake4 8,cronje's fir/ duty 0 to decide :e!r he %\ld /& or run2 he decid$ to run1 :i* 0 prop]1 b hav+ s decid$ he %\ld h run at once & n h /opp$ runn+ until safe on ! nor? bank ( ! ,vaal ,riv]4 8,prop]ly he s5t 8 siege guns & tra9s (f to ! nor? across ! ,vaal & improp]ly held 8 position 9 =ce on ! ,briti% front1 in/ead ( )draw+ 8 p]sonnel aft] 8 mat]ial4 8,?is blund]1 l all blund]s ( a comm&]-9-*ief1 quickly produc$ blund]s by 8 subord9ates4 ,comm&] ,f]r]a p]mitt$ ,fr5* to get ar\nd ,cronje's left flank )\t a battle4 ,! pres5ce ( ?is =ce on 8 re> cut ,cronje (f f 8 natural l9e ( retreat across ! ,vaal & compell$ him to flee t[>d ,bloemfonte94 8,ev5 n[ ,cronje 0 all "r2 he easily & brilliantly out-manoeuvr$ ! ,briti% & ga9$ ! protection ( ! ,modd] ,riv]4 ,b a second "t he blund]$4 ,in/ead ( fir/ execut+ ,f]r]a & !n ab&on+ ev]y?+ & devot+ all 8 ef=ts to sav+ 8 m51 he neglect$ an obvi\s & imp]ative milit>y duty & clung to 8 sl[-mov+ cannon & wagons4 8,f9ally he took position on ! ,modd] & resolv$ to fight ! :ole ,briti% army4 ,?is 0 fatal4 8,!n = ! f\r? "t he blund]$4 ,hav+ made 8 decision to fight he %\ld n h surr5d]$ to ! ,briti% on ! anniv]s>y ( ,majuba ,hill4 ,on ! contr>y1 surr\nd$ by ! mightie/ army ! ,briti% empire ev] put 9 ! field & envelop$ 9 ! smoke ( a hundr$ cannon1 ,cronje1 ^u a ramp>t =m$ by 8 dead army & ) 8 la/ c>tridge )/&+ ! de/roy]s ( 8 c\ntry1 w\ld h pres5t$ to po/]ity a m spectacul> & seem+ly a m fitt+ t]m9ation ( ! c>e] ( ! ,lion ( ,s\? ,africa40 99 99 99 99 99 8,m]e hope ( atta9+ _! desires1 c\pl$ ) ignorance ( ! processes necess>y to _! accompli%m5t1 is ! common delusion & ! c]ta9 de/ruction ( ! inexp]i5c$40--,plato4 ,,organization 8,to employ 9 w>f>e an un9/ruct$ p is to de/roy ! nation40--,*9ese ,say+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,antio*us1 ,k+ ( ,syria1 review+ 8 imm5se b untra9$ & undiscipl9$ army at ,ephesus1 ask$ ( ,hannibal1 8if !y 7 n en\gh = ! ,romans40 8,yes10 repli$ ! great ,c>?ag5ian1 8en\gh to glut ! blood?ir/9ess1 ev5 ( ! ,romans40 99 99 99 99 99 8,a man 9 ! vigor ( life & capable ( su/a9+ ! heavie/ fatigues1 b untra9$ 9 w>f>e1 is fitt$ n to be> arms1 b to be> baggage40--,timoleon4 ,,organization 8,! *ief di/9ction betwe5 an army & a mob is ! good ord] & discipl9e ( ! =m] & ! disord]ly behavior ( ! latt]40--,wa%+ton4 99 99 99 99 99 8,x is ! duty ( ! comm&]-9-*ief frequ5tly to assemble ! mo/ prud5t & exp]i5c$ ( 8 g5]als & to consult ) !m z to ! /ate ( 8 own & ( ! enemies' troops4 8,he mu/ exam9e :i* army has ! bett] weapons1 :i* is ! bett] tra9$ & discipl9$2 sup]ior 9 condition & mo/ resolute 9 em]g5cies4 8,he mu/ note :e!r himself or ! adv]s>y has ! sup]ior infantry1 cavalry or artill]y1 & p>ticul>ly mu/ he disc]n any m>k$ lack 9 quantity & quality ( m5 or horses1 & any diff]5ce 9 equipm5t ( ^? corps :i* necess>ily w be or because ( su* reason1 advantage\sly may be oppos$ to ea* o!r4 8,advantages 9 ,organization det]m9e ! field ( battle to be pref]r$1 :i* latt] %\ld be select$ ) ! view ( pr(it+ to ! utt]mo/ by ! use ( specially equipp$ corps1 to :om ! enemy is n able to oppose simil> troops4 8,if a g5]al f9ds himself sup]ior to 8 enemy he mu/ use all means to br+ on an engagem5t1 b if he sees himself inf]ior1 he mu/ avoid battle & endeavor to succe$ by surprises1 /ratagems & ambuscades2 :i* la/ skillfully manag$ (t5 h ga9$ ! victory ov] foem5 sup]ior 9 numb]s & 9 /r5g?40--,v]getius4 ,advantage 9 ,organization consi/s 9 hav+ "o or m ,corps d'armee :i* 9 equipm5t or 9 composition are s sup]ior to ! ho/ile corps to :i* !y may become oppos$1 z entails to !m exceptional facilities = ! execution ( ^? major tactical evolutions t app]ta9 to any tactical area made up ( correspond+ geometric or sub-geometric symbols4 ,,pr9ciple ,advantage 9 ,organization det]m9es ! *oice ( a prospective battlefield2 & ! latt] always %\ld be compos$ ( ^? tactical areas :i* p]mit ( ! fulle/ ex]cise ( ! p[]s peculi> to k9dr$ corps d'armee4 ,e corps d'armee ?us especially equipp$ %\ld be con/antly & en]getically employ$ 9 ! prospective battle2 & usually x w ev5tuate z ! ,prime ,tactical ,factor 9 ! decisive ,major ,tactical evolution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,notions mo/ mi/ak5 prevail 9 reg>d to ! ,pawns & ,pieces ( ! ,*essbo>d4 ,to suppose t ! ,*essm5 p] se may be utiliz$ to typify ! diff]5t arms ( ! milit>y s]vice is a fallacy4 ,_m unfamili> ) ! te*nicalities ( ,/rategetic ,sci5ce delude !mselves t ! ,pawns1 on acc\nt ( _! sl[ & limit$ movem5ts prop]ly are to be reg>d$ z ,infantry2 t ! ,knights because topp$ by horses' heads !reby qualify z light ,cavalry2 ! ,bi%ops1 = reasons unkn[n1 (t5 are held to repres5t ,artill]y2 ! ,rooks1 because ( _! swift1 direct & f>-rea*+ movem5ts are ?\ght to duplicate heavy ,cavalry2 :ile ! ,que51 9 mo/ ( ^! unsophi/icat$ philosophies1 is suppos$ to con/itute a ,res]ve4 ,no?+ c be fur!r f ! tru? ?an su* assumptions4 ,z a fundam5tal ( milit>y organization appli$ to ,*essplay1 ea* ,*esspiece typifies 9 itself a complete ,corps d'armee4 ,ea* ( ^! ,*essic corps d'armee is equal to e o!r 9 /r5g?1 b all diff]1 m or less1 9 con/ruction & 9 facilities1 ess5tial to ! p]=mance ( div]se & p>ticul> duties4 ,?us x is t :ile e ,*esspiece repres5ts a p]fectly appo9t$ & equally p[]ful body ( troops1 ^! corps d'armee 9 ,*essplay z 9 sci5tific w>f>e are n duplicates1 except to o!rs ( _! own class4 ,ea* ( ^! corps d'armee is made up ( ,infantry1 ,cavalry & ,artill]y 9 correct proportion to ! s]vice !y are to p]=m & su* proportions are det]m9$ n by simple ari?metic1 b by ^? deploym5ts1 developm5ts1 evolutions1 & manoeuvres1 :i* su* corps d'armee is con/ruct$ promptly & effici5tly to execute4 ,! ,*essm51 !re=e1 d n z individuals repres5t ei!r infantry1 cavalry or artill]y4 ,b 9 ! same mann] z ! movem5ts ( troops ov] ! surface ( ! e>?1 exemplify ! attributes ( ! ?ree k9dr$ gr& columns 9 ! great] logi/ics ( a campaign2 s d ^? peculi>ities :i* app]ta9 to ! moves ( ! diff]5t ,*esspieces exemplify ! action ( ! ?ree *ief arms ( ! milit>y s]vice2 ei!r s+ly or 9 comb9ation aga9/ giv5 po9ts 9 giv5 times1 9 ! evolutions ( ! battlefield1 viz43 ,,corps ,d',,armee ,,en ,,m>*4 ,! m>* (3 7a7 ,infantry1 alone1 or ( 7b7 ,cavalry1 alone1 or ( 7c7 ,artill]y1 alone1 or ( 7d7 ,infantry & ,cavalry1 or ( 7e7 ,infantry & ,artill]y1 or ( 7f7 ,cavalry & ,artill]y1 or ( 7g7 ,infantry1 ,cavalry & ,artill]y1 is indicat$ by ! movem5t ( any ,*esspiece f a giv5 po9t to an unoccupi$ adjac5t po9t4 ,! m>* (3 7a7 ,cavalry1 alone1 or ( 7b7 ,artill]y1 alone1 or ( 7c7 ,cavalry & ,artill]y1 is indicat$ by ! movem5t ( any ,*esspiece f a giv5 po9t to an unoccupi$ po9t1 n an adjac5t po9t4 ,,corps ,d',,armee ,,en ,,assault4 ,! ,*>ge ( ,infantry is indicat$ by ! movem5t ( any ,*esspiece f a giv5 po9t to an occupi$ adjac5t po9t2 po/+ itself !reon & captur+ ! adv]se piece !re locat$4 ,! ,*>ge ( ,cavalry is indicat$ by ! movem5t ( any ,*esspiece f a giv5 po9t to an occupi$ po9t n an adjac5t po9t2 po/+ itself !reon & captur+ ! adv]se piece !re locat$4 ,,corps ,d',,armee ,,fire ,,effect4 ,infantry3 ,(f5sive ,fire ,effect4 ,compell+ an adv]se piece to )draw f its po/ ^u an adjac5t occupi$ po9t4 ,def5sive ,fire ,effect4 ,prev5t+ an adv]se piece f occupy+ an adjac5t unoccupi$ po9t4 ,artill]y3 ,(f5sive ,fire ,effect4 ,compell+ an adv]se piece to )draw f its po/ ^u an occupi$ po9t n an adjac5t po9t4 ,def5sive ,fire ,effect4 ,prev5t+ an adv]se piece f occupy+ an unoccupi$ po9t n an adjac5t po9t4 ,,*essic ,,corps ,d',,armee4 ,! ,corps d'armee ( ! ,*essbo>d are divid$ into two classes3 viz43 ,i4 ,corps ( ,position4 ,,ii4 ,corps ( ,evolution4 ,,corps ,d',,armee ,,( ,,position4 8,! ,pawns are ! s\l ( ,*ess2 ^u _! good or bad arrangem5t dep5ds ! ga9 or loss ( ! game40--,philidor4 ,! eight ,pawns1 by reason ( _! limit$ movem5ts1 _! inability to move backw>d & ! peculi>ity ( _! (f5sive & def5sive p[]s1 are be/ adapt$ ( ! ,*esspieces to p]=m ^? functions :i* 9 ! ,milit>y ,art app]ta9 to ,corps ( ,position4 ,ea* ,corps ( ,position has its p>ticul> & designat$ ,po9t ( ,mobilization & ( ,developm5t1 :i* diff] ) ! v>i\s ,/rategic ,fronts4 ,^u ea* ,corps ( ,position devolves ! duties ( ma9ta9+ itself z a consi/5t integ] ( ! e/abli%$1 or project$ k9dr$ ,pawn ,integral2 z a possible k9dr$ ,promotable ,factor & z a ,po9t ( ,imp5etrability ^u ! altitude ( an oppos+ ,pawn4 ,corps ( ,position take _! individual appelation f _! po/s 9 a giv5 =mation1 viz43 #a4 ,base ,corps4 #b4 ,pivotal ,corps4 #c4 ,m9or ,v]tex ,corps4 #d4 ,m9or ,corps ,align$4 #e4 ,major ,v]tex ,corps4 #f4 ,major ,corps ,align$4 #g4 ,corps ,enpot5ce4 #h4 ,m9or ,corps ,ence9te4 #i4 ,major ,corps ,ence9te4 #aj4 ,corps ,e*elon$4 #aa4 ,corps ,en ,appui4 #ab4 ,base ,corps ,refus$4 #ac4 ,pivotal ,corps ,refus$4 #ad4 ,m9or ,v]tex ,corps ,refus$4 #ae4 ,m9or ,corps ,align$ ,refus$4 #af4 ,major ,v]tex ,corps ,refus$4 #ag4 ,major ,corps ,align$ ,refus$4 #ah4 ,major ,corps ,refus$ ,enpot5ce4 #ai4 ,corps en ,major ,cro*et4 #bj4 ,corps en ,m9or ,cro*et4 #ba4 ,corps en ,cro*et ,align$4 #bb4 ,corps ,d\bly ,align$4 #bc4 ,gr& ,v]tex ,corps4 ,! above =mations by ,corps ( ,position are describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 detail 9 prec$+ text-books by ! au?or1 entitl$3 ,! ,m9or ,tactics ( ,*ess4 ,! ,gr& ,tactics ( ,*ess4 ,! normal use ( ,corps ( ,position is limit$ to ,l9es ( ,mobilization1 ( ,developm5t & to ! ,simple ,l9e ( ,manoeuvre4 ,,corps ,d',,armee ,,( ,,evolution4 8,e man 9 ,alex&]'s army is s well tra9$ & ob$i5t t at a s+le ^w ( comm&1 (fic]s & soldi]s make any movem5t & execute any evolution 9 ! art ( w>f>e4 8,only su* troops z !mselves c *eck _! c>e] & oppose _! brav]y & exp]tness40--,c>idemus4 ,! eight ,pieces1 by reason ( _! ability to move 9 all directions1 ! scope ( _! movem5ts & ! peculi> ex]cises ( _! (f5sive & def5sive p[]s1 are be/ adapt$ ( ! ,*esspieces to p]=m ^? functions :i* 9 ! ,milit>y ,art app]ta9 to ,corps ( ,evolution4 ,corps ( ,evolution act+ (f5sively1 take _! individual appelations f ! po9ts :i* con/itute _! objective 9 ! true ,/rategetic ,horizon1 viz43 #a4 ,corps ( ! ,"r4 #b4 ,corps ( ! ,c5tre4 #c4 ,corps ( ! ,left4 ,corps ( ,evolution act+ def5sively1 take _! individual appelations f ! p>ticul> duties !y are requir$ to p]=m1 viz43 #a4 ,support+ ,corps4 #b4 ,cov]+ ,corps4 #c4 ,su/a9+ ,corps4 #d4 ,corps ( ,imp5etrability4 #e4 ,corps ( ,resi/ance4 ,! normal use ( ,corps ( ,evolution is limit$ to ,l9es ( ,manoeuvre4 ,:5 act+ on a ,simple ,l9e ( ,manoeuvre1 a ,corps ( ,evolution may deploy on ! correspond+ ,l9e ( ,mobilization2 b x has no?+ 9 common ) ! ,l9e ( ,developm5t1 :i* latt] app]ta9s exclusively to ,corps ( ,position4 ,any corps d'armee1 :e!r ( ,position or ( ,evolution may be utiliz$ ^u a ,l9e ( ,op]ations4 ,,! ,,k+4 ,reg>d$ z a ,*essic ,corps d'armee1 ! ,k+ m>*es z infantry1 cavalry & artill]y2 b x attacks z infantry exclusively & nev] z cavalry or artill]y4 ,al?\gh e situation ^u ! ,*essbo>d contemplates ! pres5ce ( bo? ,k+s1 ei!r1 or nei!r1 or bo?1 may1 or may n be pres5t 9 any giv5 ,/rategetic ,horizon4 ,:5ev] ! ,k+ is pres5t 9 a giv5 ,/rategetic ,horizon ! effect ( 8 co-op]ation is ma!matically outl9$1 ?us3 ,i4 ,at 8 maximum ( effici5cy1 ! ,k+ occupies ! c5tre ( a circle ( "o po9t radius4 ,8 (f5sive p[] is equally valid aga9/ all eight po9ts conta9$ 9 8 circumf]5ce1 b 8 def5sive p[] is valid = ! support f a m9imum ( "o po9t to a maximum ( five po9ts4 ,,ii4 ,at 8 m$ium ( effici5cy ! ,k+ occupies ! c5tre ( a semi-circle ( "o po9t radius4 ,8 (f5sive p[] is valid aga9/ all five po9ts conta9$ 9 8 semi-circumf]5ce1 & 8 def5sive p[] is valid = ! support f a m9imum ( "o1 to a maximum ( five po9ts4 ,,iii4 ,at 8 m9imum ( effici5cy1 ! ,k+ occupies ! c5tre ( a quadrant ( "o po9t radius4 ,bo? 8 (f5sive & 8 def5sive p[]s are valid aga9/ all ?ree po9ts conta9$ 9 8 segm5t4 ,,! ,,que54 ,reg>d$ z a ,*essic ,corps d'armee ! ,que5 m>*es & attacks z infantry1 cavalry & artill]y4 ,ei!r1 nei!r1 or bo? ,que5s may be pres5t 9 any giv5 ,/rategetic ,horizon2 & :5ev] pres5t ! effect ( h] co-op]ation ma!matically is outl9$1 viz43 ,at h] maximum ( effici5cy ! ,que5 occupies ! common v]tex ( "o or m unequal triangles1 ^: aggregate area is f a m9imum ( #ba to a maximum ( #bg po9ts4 ,h] (f5sive p[] is equally valid aga9/ all ( ^! po9ts2 b h] def5sive p[] is valid = ! support f a m9imum ( "o po9t to a maximum ( five po9ts4 ,,! ,,rook4 ,reg>d$ z a ,*essic ,corps d'armee ! ,rook m>*es & attacks z infantry1 cavalry & artill]y4 ,f "o to f\r ,rooks may be pres5t 9 any giv5 ,/rategetic ,horizon2 & :5ev] pres5t ! effect ( its co-op]ation ma!matically is outl9$1 viz43 ,at h] maximum ( effici5cy1 ! ,rook occupies ! common angle ( f\r quadrilat]als1 ^: aggregate area always is #ad po9ts4 ,! ,(f5sive ,p[] ( ! ,rook is equally valid aga9/ all ^! po9ts1 b 8 def5sive p[] is valid = ! support ( only two po9ts4 ,,! ,,bi%op4 ,reg>d$ z a ,*essic ,corps d'armee1 ! ,bi%op m>*es & attacks z infantry1 cavalry & artill]y4 ,f "o to f\r ,bi%ops may be pres5t 9 any ,/rategetic ,horizon2 & :5ev] pres5t ! effect ( its co-op]ation ma!matically is outl9$1 viz43 ,at its maximum ( effici5cy1 ! ,bi%op occupies ! common v]tex ( f\r unequal triangles1 hav+ a maximum ( #ac & a m9imum ( #i po9ts4 ,8 (f5sive p[] is valid aga9/ all ( ^! po9ts b 8 def5sive p[] is valid only = ! support ( two po9ts4 ,,knight4 ,reg>d$ z a ,*essic ,corps d'armee ! ,knight m>*es & attacks z cavalry & artill]y4 ,f "o to f\r ,knights may be pres5t 9 any giv5 ,/rategetic ,horizon2 & :5ev] pres5t ! effect ( its co-op]ation ma!matically is outl9$1 viz43 ,at its maximum ( effici5cy1 ! ,knight occupies ! c5tre ( an octagon ( two po9ts radius1 hav+ a m9imum ( two po9ts & a maximum ( eight po9ts area4 ,8 (f5sive p[] is equally valid aga9/ all ( ^! eight po9ts1 b 8 def5sive p[] is valid = ! support ( only "o po9t4 ,,! ,,pawn4 ,reg>d$ z a ,*essic ,corps d'armee1 ! ,pawn at its normal po/ m>*es z infantry & cavalry4 ,%\ld an adv]se corps1 h[ev]1 take po/ )9 ! k9dr$ side ( ! ,*essbo>d2 t ,pawn ^u ^: altitude ! adv]se ,piece appe>s1 at once loses its eque/rian attributes & m>*es & attacks exclusively z infantry4 ,locat$ at any o!r po9t ?an at its normal po/1 ! ,pawn is compos$ exclusively ( infantry & nev] acts ei!r z cavalry or artill]y4 ,f "o to eight ,pawns may be pres5t 9 any ,/rategetic ,horizon2 & :5ev] pres5t ! effect ( its co-op]ation ma!matically is outl9$ z foll[s3 ,at its maximum ( effici5cy ! ,pawn occupies ! v]tex ( a triangle ( two po9ts4 ,its (f5sive p[] is equally valid aga9/ bo? ( ^! po9ts2 b its def5sive p[] is valid = ! support ( only "o po9t4 ,,pot5tial ,,complem5ts4 ,subjo9$ is a table ( ! pot5tial complem5ts ( ! ,*esspieces4 ,! ,k+ #f units4 ,! ,que5 #bb 0 ,! ,rook #ad 0 ,! ,bi%op #h 0 ,! ,knight #e 0 ,! ,pawn #a 0 ,! /ud5t cle>ly %\ld und]/& t ?is table does n indicate pr[ess1 b relates exclusively to normal facilities = br++ =ce into action4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! relative advantage 9 ,organization possess$ by "o army ov] an oppos+ army always c be det]m9$ by ! foll[+1 viz43 ,,rule4 #a4 ,above a l9e1 set d[n 9 ord] ^? abbreviations :i* prop]ly designate ! ,:ite corps d'armee pres5t 9 a giv5 ,/rategetic ,situation2 & bel[ ! l9e1 set d[n ^? abbreviations :i* 9 l mann] designate ! ,black corps d'armee1 viz43 ,k,q,r,r,p,p,p,p ---------------- ,k,q,r,b,p,p,p,p,p #b4 ,cancel all l symbols & resolve ! unlike symbols rema9+1 into _! respective ,pot5tial complem5ts1 viz43 ,r #ad --- ------- --- ,b,p #h #a #aj #c4 ,subtract ! less] ,pot5tial total f ! great] & ! diff]5ce w be ! relative advantage 9 ,organization4 #d4 ,to utilize ! relative advantage 9 ,organization select a battlefield 9 :i* ! ,/rategic ,key1 ! ,tactical ,keys & ! ,po9ts ( ,comm& ( ! ,true ,/rategetic ,horizon are situat$ ^u ! p]imet]s ( ^? geometric & sub-geometric symbols :i* app]ta9 to ! corps d'armee ^: sup]ior pot5tiality is e/abli%$ by ,section #b4 #e4 ,to neutralize ! relative disadvantage 9 ,organization1 occupy ! necess>y po/s ^u ! battlefield select$ 9 su* a mann] t ! k9dr$ decisive po9ts are situat$ n ^u ! p]imet]s ( ! geometric & sub-geometric symbols app]ta9+ to ! adv]se corps d'armee ( sup]ior pot5tiality2 :ile ! adv]se decisive po9ts are situat$ ^u ! p]imet]s ( ! geometric & sub-geometric symbols :i* app]ta9 to ! k9dr$ corps d'armee ( inf]ior pot5tiality4 ,,milit>y ,,examples 8,m5 habituat$ to luxury _c cont5d ) an army accu/om$ to fatigue & inur$ to want40--,caes>4 99 99 99 99 99 8,t w+ ) :i* y propose to engage ! enemy %\ld be compos$ ( y\r be/ troops40--,epam9ondas4 ,! ,sacr$ ,b& ( ! ,!bans 0 compos$ ( m5 select$ = valor & "*4 ,epam9ondas call$ !m ,comrades & by honorable rew>ds & di/9ctions induc$ !m to be> )\t murmur ! h>de/ fatigues & to confront ) intrepidity ! greate/ dang]s4 ,at ,leuctra 7#cga ,b4,c47 & aga9 at ,mant9ea 7#cfb ,b4,c47 ! "r w+ ( ! ,lac$aemonian ,army1 compos$ exclusively ( ,sp>tans & = six hundr$ ye>s inv9cible1 0 ov]?r[n & de/roy$ by ! ,sacr$ ,b& l$ by ,epam9ondas4 ,?is =midable body ( ,!ban w>riors 0 massacr$ by ,alex&] ! ,great at ! ,battle ( ,*a]onea 7#cch ,b4,c47 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,mac$onian ,phalanx 0 devis$ by ,philip1 ,k+ ( ,mac$on4 ,x 0 made up ( heavy infantry acc\tr$ ) cuirass1 helmet1 greaves1 & %ield4 ,! pr9cipal weapon 0 a pike tw5ty-f\r feet long4 ,! ,phalanx _h a front ( two hundr$ & fifty-six files & a dep? ( sixte5 ranks4 ,a file ( sixte5 m5 0 t]m$ ,lo*os2 two files 7 call$ ,dilo*ie2 f\r files made a ,tetr>*ie2 eight files a ,taxi>*ie & ?irty-two ( ! la/ con/itut$ a simple ,phalanx ( #djif m54 ,a gr& ,phalanx _h a front ( "o ?\s& & tw5ty-f\r files & a dep? ( sixte5 ranks4 ,x 0 made up ( f\r simple ,phalanxes & conta9$ #af1chd m54 ,) ?is =mation ( 8 infantry1 ,alex&] ! ,great1 :5 eighte5 ye>s ( age1 de/roy$ ! ,alli$ ,a!nian--,!ban--,boeotian army at ,*a]onea1 ! ho/s ( ,p]sia at ! riv] ,grancius 7#ccd ,b4,c47 at ,issus 7#ccc ,b4,c47 & ,arbela 7#cca ,b4,c47 & conqu]$ ,porus1 ,k+ ( ,india at ! ,hydaspes 7#cbf ,b4,c474 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,spani% ,heavy ,cavalry & ,nubian ,infantry ( ,hannibal 0 a reproduction ( t ,mac$onian organization :]eby ,alex&] ! ,great _h conqu]$ ! _w4 ,) ?is =mation ,hannibal ma9ta9$ himself = fifte5 ye>s 9 ! ri*e/ prov9ces ( ,italy & de/roy$ sev5 ,roman armies1 at ! ,trebia 7#bah ,b4,c47 at ,lake ,trasym5us 7#bag ,b4,c47 at ,cannae 7#baf ,b4,c47 & at ,h]donea 7#bab ,b4,c47 at ,h]donea 7#baj ,b4,c47 at ,locri 7#bjh ,b4,c47 & at ,apulia 7#bjh ,b4,c474 ,at ,zama 7#bjb ,b4,c47 ,hannibal's effacem5t z a milit>y factor 0 directly due to 8 lack ( t organization :i* _h be5 ! in/rum5t ( 8 previ\s successes2 a circum/ance ?us comm5t$ on by ! victori\s ,roman comm&]1 ,scipio ,africanus2 8,hi!rto ,i h be5 oppos$ by an army )\t a g5]al2 n[ !y s5d aga9/ me a ,g5]al )\t an army40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,t5? ,legion ( ,caes> 0 ! qu9tess5ce ( t p]fection 9 elem5t>y tactics devis$ by ! ,romans to accord ) ! use ( artill]y4 ,! fundam5tals ( m9or tactics z elucidat$ by ,epam9ondas & exploit$ by ,alex&] ! ,great & ,hannibal are un*ang$ 9 ! ,legion1 b by subdivision ( ! simple ,phalanx into t5 ,cohorts1 a necess>y & maximum ga9 9 mobility 0 effect$4 ,! ,roman ,legion consi/$ ( #fajj infantry & #gbf cavalry1 divid$ into ! ,milit>a9 ,cohort ( #aaje heavy foot1 #acb ,cuirassi]s & n9e ord9>y ,cohorts1 ea* conta9+ #eee heavy foot & #ff ,cuirassi]s4 ,! ,legion 0 drawn up 9 ?ree l9es2 ! fir/ ( :i* 0 t]m$ ,pr9cipes1 ! second ,ha/ati1 & ! ?ird ,tri>ii4 ,! infantry 7 protect$ by helmet1 cuirass1 greaves & %ield2 _! arms 7 a long sword1 a %ort sword1 five javel9s & two l>ge spe>s4 ,) ?is =mation ,caes> ov]-run ,spa91 ,gaul1 ,g]many1 ,brita91 ,africa1 ,greece1 & ,italy4 ,! ,scots alone )/ood him & ! ru9s ( a triple l9e ( ,roman entr5*m5ts ext5d+ f ! ,nor? to ! ,iri% ,seas to ?is day m>k ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! ,scotti% ,highl&s & ! nor!rn limit ( ,roman dom9ion4 ,at ,ph>seleus1 ,pompey made ! inexplicable blund] ( plac+ 8 be/ troops 9 8 "r w+1 :i* 0 cov]$ by ! riv] ,enipeus & inf]ior troops on 8 left w+ :i* 0 9 ! air4 ,by its fir/ *>ge1 ! ,t5? ,legion de/roy$ ! latt]1 outflank$ ! entire ,pompeian army1 drove x backw>d into ! riv] & s+le h&$ won = ,caes> undisput$ dom9ion ( ! ,e>?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,scots ,volunte]s ( ,gu/avus ,adolphus consi/$ ( two brigades aggregat+ ab\t #ab1jjj foot1 made up ( ,scotti% g5tlem5 :o = v>i\s reasons 7 attract$ to ! ,cont95tal ,w>s4 ,at ,leipsic1 7,sept4 #g1 #afca7 #bj1jjj ,saxons1 con/itut+ "o-half ( ! alli$ ,prote/ant army1 7 r\t$ at ! fir/ *>ge1 put to flight & nev] se5 aga94 ,tilly's victori\s "r w+ !n turn$ ^u ! flank ( ! ,k+'s army4 ,?ree regim5ts ( ! ,scots ,volunte]s on foot held 9 *eck 9 op5 field #ab1jjj ( ! be/ infantry & cavalry 9 ,europe1 until ,gu/avus _h de/roy$ ! ,au/rian ma9 body & ha/5$ to _! aid ) ! ,sw$i% heavy cavalry4 ,! ,ca/le ( ,opp5heim 0 g>rison$ by #hjj ,spani% infantry4 ,gu/avus drew up #b1jjj ,sw$es to escalade ! place4 ,?irty ,scots ,volunte]s1 look+ on obs]v$ t ! ,spani>ds1 int5tly wat*+ ! ,k+ _h neglect$ to gu>d ! opposite side ( ! =tress4 ,beckon+ to _! aid ab\t a hundr$ ( _! comrades1 !y scal$ ! wall1 captur$ ! g>rison & op5$ ! gates to ! k+4 ,gu/avus ent]$ on foot1 hat 9 h&4 8,my brave ,scots10 said he1 8y c>ry 9 y\r scabb>ds1 ! key to e ca/le 9 ,europe40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,van-,gu>d ( ,fr$]ic ! ,great is ! p]fect adaptation ( ! m9or tactics ( ,epam9ondas to gunp[d]4 ,?is *oice body 0 made up ( ! be/ troops 9 ! army divid$ into infantry1 cuirassi]s1 dragoons & light artill]y4 ,! ,van-,gu>d1 a m9iature army 9 itself1 always m>*$ betwe5 ! ma9 body & ! enemy2 x always l$ 9 ! attack1 foll[$ by t w+ conta9+ ! be/ soldi]s1 9 two l9es2 & support$ by ! heavy cavalry on t flank4 ,at ,rosba* 7,nov4 #e1 #ageg7 ! ,prussian ,van-,gu>d1 compos$ ( #d1hjj infantry1 #b1ejj cavalry & #cj guns1 annihilat$ #gj1jjj ,fr5* regul> troops1 by evolutions s rapidly execut$ t ! ,prussian ma9 army 0 unable to ov]take ei!r pursu]s or pursu$ & _h no "p 9 ! battle1 o!r ?an z highly int]e/$ spectators4 ,! ,cont95tals ( ! ,revolution>y army "u ,wa%+ton 7 made up ( troops enli/$ = ! w> & tra9$ by ,b>on von ,/eub51 a ,major-,g5]al 9 ! ,prussian s]vice1 :o _h s]v$ ?r\gh\t ! ,sev5 ,ye>s ,w> "u ,fr$]ic ! ,great4 ,! ,cont95tals1 )\t fir+ a %ot1 c>ri$ by assault1 ,/ony ,po9t 7,july #af1 #aggi71 ,paulus ,hook 7,july #bj1 #aggi7 & ! ,briti% intr5*m5ts at ,yorkt[n 7,oct4 #ai1 #agha74 ,( ^! troops1 ! ,b>on von ,/eub5 writes3 8,i am satisfi$ ) hav+ %[n to ^? :o und]/& ! ,art ( ,w>f>e1 an ,am]ican army wor?y ( _! approbation2 (fic]s :o "k _! pr(ession & :o w\ld d honor to any army 9 ,europe2 an infantry su* z ,engl& has nev] br\ght into ! field1 soldi]s temp]ate1 well-drill$ & ob$i5t & ! equal ( any 9 ! _w40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,consul> ,gu>d 0 ! reproduction ( ! ,van ,gu>d ( ,fr$]ic ! ,great1 b its sph]e ( action 0 /rangely re/rict$ by ,bonap>te1 :o1 in/ead ( plac+ 8 be/ troops 9 ! front ( 8 army1 z is ! practice ( all o!r ( ! ,great ,capta9s2 subord9at$ _! functions to t ( a res]ve & to p]sonal att5dance ^u himself4 ,?is ,corps d'elite 0 b once notably 9 action2 at ,m>5go 7,june #ad1 #ahjj7 x und\bt$ly sav$ ! day = ,france1 by ma9ta9+ ! battle until ! arrival ( ,g54 ,desaix & 8 division4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,imp]ial ,gu>d ( ,napoleon 0 ! developm5t ( ! ,consul> ,gu>d ( ,bonap>te4 ,"u ! ,empire ! ,gu>d became an indep5d5t army1 consi/+ ( light & heavy infantry1 horse & field artill]y1 cuirassi]s1 dragoons1 huss>s & *asseurs1 & compos$ ( ! be/ troops 9 ! ,fr5* s]vice4 ,! functions ( ?is f9e body1 l t ( its prototype1 0 limit$ to ! duties ( a res]ve & to att5dance ^u ! p]son ( ! ,emp]or2 & p]haps next to ann\ncem5t ( victory1 ,napoleon's favorite bullet9 always read1 8,! ,imp]ial ,gu>d 0 n engag$40 ,_m 7 ! unavail+ remon/rances made by 8 advisors aga9/ ?is policy1 :i* judg$ by ! practice ( ! great ma/]s ( w>f>e1 is putt+ ! c>t be=e ! horse2 & seem+ly is t speck ( cl\d 9 ,napoleon's political sky1 :i* prop]ly may be deem$ a precursor ( ,/4 ,hel5a4 ,at ,au/]litz 7,dec4 #b1 #ahje71 ! cuirassi]s ( ! ,fr5* ,imp]ial ,gu>d r\t$ a l body ( ,russian cavalry4 ,at ,eylau 7,nov4 #g1 #ahjg7 ! ,gu>d1 z at ,m>5go aga9 sav$ ! day1 aft] ! corps d'armee ( ,s\lt & ,ang]eau _h be5 de/roy$1 by ma9ta9+ ! battle until ! arrival ( ,ney & ,dav\/4 ,9 ! retreat f ,russia 7#ahab7 ! ,gu>d !n numb]+ #fd1jjj m5 0 ne>ly de/roy$4 ,:at 0 left ( x won at ,ligny 7,june #af1 #ahae71 ,napoleon's la/ victory & at ,wat]loo 7,june #ah1 #ahae71 "o ( its two surviv+ divisions cov]$ ! flight ( ! ,fr5* army1 :ile ! o!r escort$ ,napoleon 9 safety to ,p>is4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,royal ,prussian ,gu>d1 "u ,von ,moltke1 0 organiz$ & utiliz$ 9 accord ) ! tea*+s ( ,fr$]ic ! ,great4 ,its mo/ notable a*ievem5t occurr$ 9 ! campaign ( #ahgj4 ,! "r flank ( ! ,fr5* hav+ be5 turn$ by ! battle ( ,wo]? 7,aug4 #d1 #ahgj7 & ,m>%al ,mac,mahon's army be+ driv5 to ! we/w>d1 x became ! p>am\nt object ( ,von ,moltke to seize ! c\ntry 9 re> ( ,metz & ?us prev5t ! retreat ( ,m>%all ,baz9e across ! ,moselle ,riv]4 ,! ,royal ,prussian ,gu>d out-m>*+ bo? fri5ds & enemies fir/ rea*$ ! ,nancy road 7,aug4 #ah1 #ahgj7 & until ! ,g]man corps rea*$ ! battlefield ?is body ( pick$ troops successfully )/ood ! assault ( ne>ly ! entire ,fr5* army4 ,9 ! fir/ half-h\r ! ,gu>d lo/ #h1jjj m54 ,z ! result ( all ?is1 ,m>%al ,baz9e ) #aej1jjj m5 0 =c$ back into & tak5 9 ! intr5*$ camp at ,metz2 & ! ,emp]or ,napoleon ,,iii1 ,m>%al ,mac,mahon & a second ,fr5* army ( #adj1jjj m5 0 captur$ at ,s$an 7,sept4 #a1 #ahgj71 9 an attempt to rescue ,m>%al ,baz9e4 8,i mu/ tell y be=eh& ?is w be a bloody t\*4 ,tilly has a great army ( old lads ) iron faces t d>e look an enemy 9 ! eye2 !y are confid5t ( victory1 h nev] be5 beat5 & d n "k :at x means to fly4 ,tilly tells 8 m5 he w beat me & ! old man is z likely to d x z to say x40--,gu/avus ,adolphus4 8,tilly's m5 7 rugg$1 surly fell[s2 _! faces mangl$ by w\nds & sc>s _h an air ( h>dy c\rage4 ,i obs]v$ ( !m t _! clo!s 7 always dirty1 _! armor ru/y f w9t] /orms & bruis$ by musket-balls1 _! weapons %>p & bright4 ,!y 7 us$ to camp 9 ! op5 fields & to sleep 9 ! fro/s & ra94 ,! horses l ! m5 7 /rong & h>dy & knew by rote _! ex]cises4 ,bo? m5 & animals s well und]/ood ! trade ( arms t a g5]al comm& 0 suffici5t2 e man 0 fit to comm& ! :ole1 & all evolutions 7 p]=m$ 9 ord] & ) read9ess1 at a note ( ! trumpet or a motion ( _! bann]s4 8,! #g? ( ,sept4 7#afca7 be=e sunrise1 ! ,sw$i% army m>*$ f ,dieb5 to a l>ge field ab\t a mile f ,leipsic1 :]e we f\nd old ,tilly's army 9 full battalia 9 admirable ord]1 :i* made a %[ bo? glori\s & t]rible4 8,tilly1 l a fair game/]1 _h tak5 up b "o side ( ! pla91 & left ! o!r side cle> & all ! av5ues op5 to ! ,k+'s approa*1 nor did he /ir to ! *>ge until ! ,sw$i% army 0 fully drawn up & 0 advanc+ t[>d him4 ,he _h ) him #dd1jjj old soldi]s & a bett] army ,i believe nev] 0 s s\ndly beat54''' 8,!n 0 made a mo/ dreadful slaught]1 & yet !re 0 no fly+4 ,tilly's m5 might be kill$ or knock$ d[n1 b no man turn$ 8 back1 nor w\ld give an in* ( gr\nd1 save z !y 7 m>*$1 :eel$1 or retreat$ by _! (fic]s4''' ,ab\t six o'clock ! field 0 cle>$ ( ! enemy except at "o place on ! ,k+'s front1 :]e "s ( !m ralli$2 & ?\gh !y knew t all 0 lo/1 !y w\ld take no qu>t]1 b f\ght x out to ! la/ man1 be+ f\nd dead ! next day 9 rank & file z !y 7 drawn up40 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]fection 9 ,organization is atta9$ :5 troops in/antly & intellig5tly act accord+ to ord] & execute ) exactness & precision any & e prescrib$ evolution4 ,,topography 8,let u n consid] :]e we %all give battle1 b :]e we may ga9 ! victory40--,phocion4 99 99 99 99 99 8,!re c be no discretion 9 a movem5t :i* =sakes ! advantage 9 gr\nd40--,gu/avus ,adolphus4 99 99 99 99 99 8,t battlefield is be/ :i* is adapt$ to ! full use ( ! *ief con/itu5ts ( y\r army & unfavorable to ! mass ( ! enemy40--,napoleon4 ,,topography 8,! gr\nd is ! ,,*essbo>d ( we cannibals2 & x is ! selection & use made ( x1 t decides ! k or ! ignorance ( ^? by :om x is occupi$40--,fr$]ic ! ,great4 ,! highe/ use ( ,topography consi/s 9 r$uc+ a sup]ior adv]se =ce to ! inf]ior =ce1 by m9imiz+ ! radius ( action ( ! ho/ile ,corps d'armee4 ,?is is effect$ by s po/+ ! k9dr$ corps t 9 ! result+ ,/rategetic ,horizons1 impassable natural b>ri]s are pres5t$ to ! m>* ( ho/ile corps t[>d _! respective objectives4 ,on ! surface ( ! e>? su* natural b>ri]s are =m$ by m\nta9s1 riv]s1 lakes1 swamps1 =e/s1 des]ts1 ! ocean1 & ! b\nd>ies ( neutral ,/ates4 ,on ! ,*ess-bo>d ^! topographical conditions are typifi$ by peculi>ities & limitations 9 ! movem5ts ( ! ,*ess-pieces1 viz43 ,i4 ,! sides ( ! ,*ess-bo>d :i* t]m9ate all movem5ts ( ! *ess pieces4 ,,ii4 ,t limitation ( ! movem5ts ( ! ,*esspieces :i* makes x impossible = !m to move o!r ?an 9 /raight l9es4 ,,iii4 ,! inability ( ! ,que5 to move on obliques4 ,,iv4 ,! inability ( ! ,rook to move ei!r on obliques or on diagonals4 ,v4 ,! inability ( ! ,bi%op to move ei!r on obliques1 v]ticals1 or horizontals4 ,,vi4 ,! inability ( ! ,knight to move ei!r on diagonals1 v]ticals1 or horizontals1 & ! limitation ( its move to two squ>es di/ance4 ,,vii4 ,! inability ( ! ,pawn to move ei!r on obliques or horizontals1 & ! limitation ( its fir/ move to two squ>es & ( its subsequ5t moves to "o squ>e4 ,,viii4 ,! limitation ( ! ,k+'s move to "o squ>e4 ,^! limitations & imp$im5ts to ! movem5ts ( ! ,*ess-pieces1 are equival5t 9 ,*ess-play to ob/acles int]pos$ by ,nature to ! m>* ( troops ov] ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,prefect ,g5]al%ip1 9 its calculations1 s comb9es ^! insurm\ntable b>ri]s ) ! relative positions ( ! cont5d+ armies1 t ! k9dr$ army becomes at e vital po9t ! sup]ior =ce4 ,?is effect is produc$ by m]ely caus+ riv]s & m\nta9s to take ! place ( k9dr$ ,corps d'armee4 ,x is only by ! /udy ( ,*essic topography t ! trem5d\s problems solv$ by ! *ess play] become manife/3 ,in/ead ( calculations limit$ to "o visible & un*angeable ,*ess-bo>d ( sixty-f\r squ>es1 ! div9ations ( ! ,*ess-ma/] compreh5d & h>monize z _m invisible ,*ess-bo>ds z !re are ,*ess-pieces conta9$ 9 ! ,topographical ,zone4 ,fur!rmore1 all ^! surfaces diff] to ! ext5t & 9 con=mity to t p>ticul> s5sible horizon1 app]ta9+ to ! ,*ess-piece f :i* x emanates4 ,! enorm\s difficulties ( ,*ess-play1 l ^? ( w>f>e1 arise f ! necessity ( comb9+ 9 a s+le composite topographical horizon1 all ^? diff]+1 s5sible horizons :i* app]ta91 n m]ely to ! k9dr$1 b also to ! ho/ile corps2 & to d ?is 9 su* a mann]1 z to m9imize ! ho/ile p[]s = (f5ce & def5ce1 by deb>r+ "o or m ( ! ho/ile pieces f ! true ,/rategetic ,horizon4 ,to divide up ! enemy's =ce1 by mak+ natural b>ri]s take ! place ( troops1 is ! basis ( ^? processes :i* dom9ate ,gr& ,manoeuvres4 ,( all ! d$uctions ( ,*ess-play & ( w>f>e1 su* comb9ations ( ,/rategy & ,topography are ! mo/ subtle & intangible4 ,! highe/ tal5t is requir$ 9 its int]pretation1 & ma/]y ( x1 m ?an ( any o!r bran* ( ,/rategetics1 proclaims ! great ,capta9 at w>1 or at *ess4 ,,topography ,,( ,,! ,,k+ ,f ! view-po9t ( ! ,k+1 ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d takes on ! topographical aspect ( a va/ expanse ( op51 level c\ntry4 ,?is vi/a is void ( insurm\ntable natural ob/acles1 o!r ?an ! sides & extremities4 ,! latt] collectively may be reg>d$1 = /rategical purposes1 ei!r z ! ,ocean1 or ! b\nd>ies ( neutral ,/ates4 ,to ! ,k+1 ?is va/ t]ritory is accessible 9 all directions4 ,at 8 pleasure he may move to & occupy ei!r ( ! sixty-f\r squ>es ( ! ,*ess-bo>d1 9 a m9imum ( "o & 9 a maximum ( sev5 moves4 ,! only ob/acles to 8 m>* are di/ance & ! opposition ( an enemy4 ,! ,/rategical weakness ( ! ,topographical ,horizon peculi> to ! ,k+ arises f its always tak+ on & ma9ta9+ ! physical =m ( a pla94 ,consequ5tly x is vuln]able to attack f all sides & :at is f> worse1 x readily is comm&$ & f a sup]ior topographical po/1 by e adv]se piece1 except ! ,k+ & ,pawn4 ,?us1 ! ho/ile ,que51 )\t be+ attack$ 9 return1 may enfilade ! ,k+ along all v]ticals1 horizontals & diagonals2 ! ,rooks1 along all v]ticals & horizontals2 ! ,bi%ops1 along all diagonals ( l color2 & ! ,knights along all obliques4 ,,topography ,,( ,,! ,,que5 ,f ! view-po9t ( ! ,que51 ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d takes on ! topographical aspect ( a s]ies ( wide1 /raight valleys sep>at$ by high1 impassable m\nta9 ranges1 un=dable riv]s1 & imp5etrable =e/s & morasses4 ,^! valleys1 :i* numb] nev] less ?an ?ree1 nor m ?an eight1 9 ! same gr\p1 are ( v>y+ l5g? & always conv]ge ^u & unite ) ea* o!r at ! po9t occupi$ by ! ,que54 ,^! valleys conta9$ 9 ! ,que5's topographical horizon may be classifi$1 viz43 ,class ,i1 consi/s ( ^? gr\ps made up ( ?ree valleys4 ,class ,,ii1 ( ^? gr\ps made up ( five valleys4 ,class ,,iii1 ( ^? gr\ps made up ( eight valleys ( less] area2 & ,class ,,iv1 ( ^? gr\ps made up ( eight valleys ( great] area4 ,gr\ps ( ! fir/ class always h an area ( tw5ty po9ts2 ^? ( ! second h an area ( tw5ty-?ree po9ts2 ^? ( ! ?ird h an area ( tw5ty-five po9ts1 & ^? ( ! f\r? h an area ( tw5ty-sev5 po9ts4 ,su* areas always are exclusive ( t po9t ^u :i* ! ,que5 is po/$4 ,al?\gh impassable natural b>ri]s re/rict ! movem5t ( ! ,que5 to less ?an "o-half ( ! ,topographical ,zone1 ^! ob/acles always are int]sect$ by long /ret*es ( op5 c\ntry =m$ by int]v5+ valleys4 ,h5ce1 ! m>* ( ?is mo/ mobile ( ! ,*esspieces always is op5 ei!r 9 ?ree1 five1 or eight directions1 & x always is possible = h]1 unless imp$$ by ! int]f]5ce ( k9dr$ or ho/ile corps1 to rea* any desir$ po9t on ! ,*ess-bo>d 9 two moves4 ,! weakness peculi> to ! ,topographical ,horizon :i* app]ta9s to ! ,que51 orig9ates 9 ! fact t x nev] comm&s ! orig9s ( obliques4 ,consequ5tly1 e po/ ( ! ,que51 is op5 to unoppos$ attack by ! ho/ile ,knights4 ,,topography ,,( ,,! ,,rook ,f ! view-po9t ( ! ,rook1 ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d takes on a topographical aspect :i* v>ies ) ! po/ occupi$4 ,plac$ at ei!r ,r#a or ,r#h ! ,rook occupies ! c5tral po9t ( a great valley1 #ae po9ts 9 l5g?1 :i* w9ds ar\nd ! slope ( an imm5se & inaccessible m\nta9 range4 ,?is latt]1 9 ext5t1 includes ! rema9d] ( ! ,topographical ,zone4 ,) ! ,rook plac$ at ,r#b or ,r#g1 ?is great m\nta9 wall becomes pi]c$ by a long valley runn+ at "r angles to ! fir/1 b ! area op5 to ! movem5t ( ! ,rook is n increas$4 ,plac$ at ,kt#b1 ,b#c1 ,k#d1 or ,q#d1 ! ,rook becomes enclos$ amid impassable natural b>ri]s4 ,b al?\gh 9 su* cases x always occupies ! po9t ( union ( f\r easily trav]s$ al?\gh unequal valleys1 its area ( movem5t is nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%$1 rema9+ always at f\rte5 po9ts op5 to occupation4 ,unless imp$$ by ! pres5ce ( k9dr$ or adv]se corps on its logi/ic radii1 ! ,rook always may move ei!r 9 two1 ?ree1 or f\r directions1 & x may rea* any desir$ po9t on ! ,*ess-bo>d 9 two moves4 ,! weakness peculi> to ! ,topographical ,horizon ( ! ,rook lies 9 ! fact t x nev] comm&s ! orig9s ( diagonals or obliques4 ,h5ce x is op5 to unoppos$ attack along ! fir/ f adv]se ,que51 ,k+1 ,bi%ops & ,pawns1 & along ! second f adv]se ,knights4 ,,topography ,,( ,,! ,,bi%op ,f ! view-po9t ( ! ,bi%op1 ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d takes on a topographical aspect mo/ =bidd+4 ,to ?is ,*ess-piece at lea/ "o-half ( ! ,topographical ,zone is inaccessible1 & "u any circum/ances 8 movem5ts are limit$ to ! ?irty-two squ>es ( 8 own color4 ,?us1 ! ,topographical ,horizon ( ! ,bi%op takes ! =m ( a brok5 c\ntry1 dott$ ) high hills1 deep lakes1 imp5etrable swamps1 & ?ick woodl&s4 ,b betwe5 ^! ob/acles ?us set ab\t by ,nature1 run level valleys1 v>i$ 9 ext5t & easy ( access4 ,?is fact s modifies ?is h>%e/ ( all s5sible horizons z to make ! ,bi%op next 9 activity to ! ,rook4 ,)9 its limit$ sph]e ( action1 ! ,bi%op may move 9 ei!r "o or f\r directions ) a m9imum ( n9e & a maximum ( f\rte5 po9ts op5 to 8 occupation4 ,unimp$$ by o!r corps block+ 8 r\te ( m>*1 ! ,bi%op may rea* any desir$ po9t ( 8 own color on ! *ess bo>d 9 two moves4 ,! weakness peculi> to ! topographical horizon ( ! ,bi%op is its liability to unoppos$ attack along v]ticals & horizontals by ! ho/ile ,k+1 ,que5 & ,rooks2 & along obliques by ! ho/ile ,knights4 ,,topography ,,( ,,! ,,knight ,f ! view-po9t ( ! ,knight1 ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d takes on ! aspect ( a d5sely wood$ & entirely undevelop$ c\ntry2 made up ( a pr(usion ( ponds1 rivulets1 swamps1 etc41 none ( :i* are impassable al?\gh suffici5t to imp$e progress4 ,unless int]f]$ ) by k9dr$ or ho/ile corps1 or ! limitations ( ! ,*ess-bo>d1 ! ,knight always may move ei!r 9 two1 f\r1 six1 or eight directions4 ,x may rea* any desir$ po9t 9 a m9imum ( "o & a maximum ( six moves1 & may occupy ! sixty-f\r squ>es ( ! ,*ess-bo>d 9 ! same numb] ( m>*es4 ,! weakness ( ! topographical horizon ( ! ,knight lies 9 ! fact t x nev] comm&s adjac5t po9ts1 nor any ( ^? di/ant1 o!r ?an ! t]m9i ( its own obliques4 ,h5ce x is op5 to unoppos$ attack along v]ticals & horizontals f ! adv]se ,k+1 ,que5 & ,rooks1 & along diagonals f ! adv]se ,k+1 ,que51 ,bi%op & ,pawns4 ,,topography ,,( ,,! ,,pawn ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,pawn1 ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d takes on ! topographical aspect ( a c\ntry :i* z x is ent]$1 con/antly becomes wild] & m rugg$4 ,! m>* ( ! ,pawn always is along a valley situat$ betwe5 impracticable natural b>ri]s1 & ! possible movem5ts ( ! ,pawn always decrease z ! di/ance travel$ increases4 ,unh9d]$ by ei!r k9dr$ or ho/ile corps1 ! ,pawn may rea* any po9t ( junction 9 ! k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,horizon1 :i* is conta9$ )9 its altitude1 9 a m9imum ( five & 9 a maximum ( six moves4 ,x may m>* only 9 "o direction1 except 9 captur+1 :5 x may acquire ! option ( act+ 9 ?ree directions4 ,! weakness ( ! topographical horizon ( ! ,pawn orig9ates 9 its inability to comm& ! adjac5t c\ntry4 ,!re=e1 x is expos$ to unoppos$ attack along v]ticals & horizontals by ! ho/ile ,k+1 ,que5 & ,rooks2 along diagonals by ! adv]se ,k+1 ,que5 & ,bi%ops1 & along obliques by ! adv]se ,knights4 ,,topography ,,( ,,! ,,topographical ,,zone ,t normal & visible surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d t]m$ ! ,topographical ,zone is b\nd$ by f\r great natural b>ri]s1 impassable to any ,*ess-piece4 ,! two sides ( ! zone may be held to typify ei!r ! ,ocean or ! b\nd>ies ( neutral ,/ates4 ,! two extremities ( ! ,*ess-bo>d :ile hold+ ! previ\sly ann\nc$ relation to ,*ess-pieces conta9$ 9 ! ,topographical ,zone1 also holds ano!r & radically diff]5t relation to ^? ,*ess-pieces n conta9$ 9 ! ,topographical ,zone1 viz43 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! two extremities ( ! *essbo>d are to be reg>d$ z two great m\nta9 ranges1 ea* ( :i* is pi]c$ by eight defiles1 ! latt] be+ ! sixte5 po9ts ( junction conta9$ 9 ! k9dr$ & adv]se logi/ic horizons4 ,9 ! ar5a ?us =m$ by ^! f\r great natural b>ri]s1 two ho/ile armies compos$ ( ! ?irty-two ,*ess-pieces1 are cont5d+ = ! ma/]y4 ,mean:ile1 beyond ^! great m\nta9 ranges1 are advanc+ to ! aid ( ! combatants1 two o!r armies1 repres5t$ by ! p[] ( promotion possess$ by ! ,pawns4 ,ea* ( ^! two hypo!tical armies is assail+ ! out] slope ( t range ( m\nta9s :i* lies 9 ! re> ( ! ho/ile =ce4 ,its ef=t is to pass "o ( ! eight defiles & by occupy+ a ,po9t ( ,junction 9 ! k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,horizon1 to ga9 entrance into ! ,topographical ,zone4 ,!n 9 ! array ( a ,que51 or "s o!r k9dr$ piece1 x purposes to attack decisively1 ! adv]se ,/rategetic ,re>4 ,to oppose ! attack ( ?is hypo!tical ho/ile army1 ^: movem5ts always are typifi$ by ! advance ( ! adv]se ,pawns1 is ! duty ( ! k9dr$ column ( manoeuvre4 ,prim>ily ?is labor falls ^u ! k9dr$ ,pawns4 ,^u ea* ,pawn devolves ! duty ( gu>d+ t defile situat$ directly on its front1 by ma9ta9+ itself z a ,po9t ( ,imp5etrability betwe5 ! correspond+ ho/ile pawn & ! k9dr$ ,/rategic ,re>4 ,conv]sely1 a second duty devolves ^u ea* ,pawn2 & z an integ] ( ! ,column ( ,support1 x cont9ually mu/ ?reat5 & :5ev] opportunity is pres5t$ x decisively mu/ assault ! defile on its front1 = ! purpose ( p5etrat+ to ! k9dr$ logi/ic horizon & becom+ promot$ to su* k9dr$ piece1 z by attack+ ! adv]se ,det]m9ate ,=ce 9 flank1 9 re>1 or 9 bo?1 may decide ! victory 9 favor ( ! k9dr$ army4 ,e v>iety ( topography has peculi> requirem5ts = its attack & its def5ce2 & situations ev5 ?\gh b little diff]5t f ea* o!r1 nev]!less mu/ be treat$ accord+ to _! p>ticul> nature4 ,9 ord] to acquire ! habit ( select+ at a glance ! correct po/s = an army & ( mak+ prop] dispositions ( ! k9dr$ corps ) rapidity & precision1 topography %\ld be /udi$ ) great att5tion1 = mo/ frequ5tly x happ5s t circum/ances d n all[ "t to d ^! ?+s ) delib]ation4 ,,pr9ciple ,act+ ei!r (f5sively or def5sively1 "o nev] %\ld proce$ 9 su* a way z to all[ ! enemy ! advantage ( gr\nd2 ,t is to say3 ,k9dr$ corps nev] %\ld be expos$ to unoppos$ adv]se radii ( (f5ce1 :5 ! effect ( su* exposure is ! loss ( k9dr$ mat]ial1 or ( "t mu* bett] to be employ$1 ?an 9 mak+ a necess>y & s]vile retreat f an unt5able po/4 ,on ! contr>y1 e k9dr$ topographical advantage %\ld unhesitat+ly be avail$ (2 & p>ticul> att5tion cont9ually %\ld be paid to advanc+ ! k9dr$ corps to po9ts (f5sive :]e !y _c be successfully attack$4 ,pa9s always mu/ be tak5 to select advantage\s gr\nd4 ,indiff]5t po/s mu/ nev] be occupi$ f %e] indol5ce or f ov]-confid5ce 9 ! /r5g? ( ! k9dr$1 or ! weakness ( ! adv]se army4 ,p>ticul>ly mu/ "o bew>e ( p]mitt+ ! enemy to reta9 advantages 9 topography2 always & at once he %\ld be dislodg$ f po/s ^: cont9u$ occupation may facilitate 8 giv+ an un=ese5 & (t5 a fatal bl[4 ,! full importance ( topography p]haps is be/ express$ 9 ! foll[+ dictum by ! great ,fr$]ic3 ,,pr9ciple 8,:5ev] a g5]al & decisive topographical advantage is pres5t$1 "o has m]ely to avail ( ?is1 )\t tr\bl+ ab\t any?+ fur!r40 ,! relative advantage 9 ,topography possess$ by "o army ov] an oppos+ army1 always c be det]m9$ by ! foll[+1 viz43 ,,rule #a4 ,if ! pr9cipal adv]se ,corps ( ,position are situat$ ^u po9ts ( a giv5 color1 & if ! pr9cipal ,k9dr$ ,corps ( ,position are situat$ ^u po9ts n ( ! giv5 color1 !n3 ,t army :i* has ! m ,corps ( ,evolution able to act aga9/ po9ts ( ! giv5 color1 & ! equality 9 ,corps ( ,evolution able to act aga9/ po9ts ( ! opposite color1 has ! relative advantage 9 ,topography4 #b4 ,to utilize ! relative advantage 9 ,topography1 con/ruct a position 9 :i* ! k9dr$ ,corps ( ,position necess>y to be def5d$ %all occupy a po9t ^u ! sub-geometric symbol ( a k9dr$ ,corps ( ,evolution2 :i* po9t %all be a ,tactical ,key ( a ,true ,/rategetic ,horizon ( :i* ! k9dr$ ,corps ( ,evolution is ! ,corps ( ! ,c5tre & ( :i* ei!r ! adv]se ,k+ or an undef5dable adv]se piece is ! second ,tactical ,key4 #c4 ,to neutralize ! relative disadvantage 9 ,topography1 elim9ate t adv]se ,corps d'armee :i* is able to act simultane\sly by its geometric symbol aga9/ ! pr9cipal ,k9dr$ ,corps ( ,position ^u a giv5 color2 & by its sub-geometric symbol aga9/ po9ts ( opposite color4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]fection 9 ,def5sive ,topography is atta9$ :5ev] ! gr\nd occupi$ nullifies ho/ile advantages 9 ,"t1 ,organization1 ,mobility1 ,numb]s & ,position4 ,p]fection 9 ,(f5sive ,topography is atta9$ :5ev] ! gr\nd occupi$ acc5tuates ! k9dr$ advantages 9 ,"t1 ,organization1 ,mobility1 ,numb]s & ,position4 ,,milit>y ,,examples 8,:5 y int5d to engage 9 battle endeavor t y\r ,,*ief advantage %all arise f ! gr\nd occupi$ by y\r army40--,vegetius4 ,to cross ! ,granicus1 ,alex&] ! ,great select$ a =dable spot :]e ! riv] made a long1 n>r[ b5d1 & attack$ ! sali5t & bo? sides simultane\sly4 ,! ,p]sians ?us outflank$ 7 easily & quickly r\t$2 :]eupon ! ,grecian army 9 l9e ( ,phalanxes1 bo? flanks cov]$ by ! riv] & its retreat assur$ by ! =ds 9 re>1 advanc$ to battle 9 h>mony ) all requirem5ts ( ,/rategetic ,art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,issus1 ,alex&] ! ,great s manoeuvr$ t ! ,p]sian army ( m ?an a million m5 0 conf9$ 9 a long valley n ov] ?ree miles 9 wid?1 hav+ ! sea on ! left h& & ! ,amanus ,m\nta9s on ! "r1 ?us ! ,grecians _h a battlefield fitt$ to ! size ( _! army1 & f\ght 9 ,phalanxes 9 l9e1 bo? w+s cov]$ by impassable natural b>ri]s & retreat assur$1 by op5 gr\nd 9 re>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ! ,trebia1 ,hannibal by /ratagems n[ undisc]nible1 induc$ ! consul ,sempronius to pass ! riv] & foll[+ along ! ea/]ly bank to take position ) 8 army ^u ! l[l&s betwe5 an un=dable "p ( ! /ream & ! ,c>?ag5ians4 ,^u ?is1 ,hannibal deta*$ 8 y\nge/ bro!r ,m>go to cut (f ! retreat ( ! ,romans f ! =d by :i* !y _h cross$ ! ,trebia2 advanc$ 8 infantry by ,phalanxes 9 l9e & ov]?r[+ ! few ,roman horse1 assail$ ! ho/ile left w+ ) #aj1jjj heavy cavalry4 ,! de/ruction ( ! ,roman army 0 complet$ by ! simultane\s attack ( _! "r w+ by ,m>go & ! impossibility ( repass+ ! riv] 9 _! re>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by "o ( ! mo/ notable m>*es 9 surprise record$ 9 milit>y annals1 ,hannibal cross$ ! seem+ly impassible m>%es ( ! riv] ,po1 & turn$ ! left flank ( ! ,roman army1 comm&$ by ! ,consul ,c4 ,flam9ius4 ,!n ! great ,c>?ag5ian advanc$ swiftly t[>d ! city ( ,rome1 deva/+ ! c\ntry on ei!r h&4 ,9 headlong pursuit ! ,consul ent]$ a long n>r[ valley1 hav+ ,lake ,trasym5us on ! "o h& & ! m\nta9s on ! o!r4 ,sudd5ly :ile entomb$ 9 ?is va/ rav9e1 ! ,roman army 0 attack$ by infantry f ! high gr\nd along its "r flank2 & 9 front & re> by ! ,c>?ag5ian heavy cavalry1 :ile ! lake ext5d+ along its left flank made futile all attempts to escape4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,cannae1 ,hannibal reproduc$ ! evolutions ( ,alex&] ! ,great at ! passage ( ! ,granicus4 ,select+ a long b5d 9 ! ,aufidus1 ,hannibal =d$ ! riv] & took position by ,phalanxes 9 l9e1 8 flanks cov]$ by un=dable p>ts ( ! /ream & 8 retreat assur$ by ! =ds by :i* he _h cross$1 :ile z at ,issus1 ! gr\nd on 8 front ?\gh fitt+ 8 own army1 0 s conf9$ z to prev5t ! ,romans engag+ a =ce great] ?an 8 own4 ,beyond ,hannibal's front1 ! ho/ile army 0 po/$ 9 a wide level pla91 suit$ to ! be/ use ( ! va/ly sup]ior ,c>?ag5ian heavy cavalry1 bo? = ! evolutions ( ! battle & ! subsequ5t pursuit & massacre ( ! ,romans4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ! ,riv] ,ar> 7#eh ,b4,c47 ,caes> a*iev$ 8 fir/ victory4 ,foll[+ leisurely b closely ! m>aud+ ,helvetii1 he p]mitt$ ?ree-f\r?s ( _! army to cross to ! we/]ly side ( ! riv]2 !n he fell ^u ! rema9d] ) 8 :ole army4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an eye-witness ?us describes ! fam\s passage ( ! ,le* by ,gu/avus ,adolphus3 8,resolv$ to view ! situation ( ! enemy1 8 maje/y w5t out ! #bnd ( ,april 7#afcb7 ) a /rong body ( horse1 :i* ,i _h ! honor to comm&4 ,we m>*$ z ne> z we c\ld to ! bank ( ! riv]1 n to be too mu* expos$ to ! enemy's cannon2 & hav+ ga9$ a height :]e ! :ole c\rse ( ! riv] might be se51 we drew up & ! k+ alight$ & exam9$ e rea* & turn+ ( ! riv] ) 8 glass4 ,t[>d ! nor?1 he f\nd ! riv] fet*+ a long rea* & d\bl+ %ort ^u itself4 #8,!re is ! po9t w d our bus9ess1' says ! k+1 #8& if ! gr\nd be good1 we w pass !re1 ?\gh ,tilly d 8 wor/'40 ,he imm$iately ord]$ a small p>ty ( horse to br+ him ^w h[ high ! bank 0 on ea* side & at ! po9t1 8& he %all h fifty doll>s0 says ! k+1 8:o w tell me h[ deep ! wat] is40 ''' ,! dep? & bread?s ( ! /ream hav+ be5 asc]ta9$1 & ! bank on our side be+ t5 to twelve feet high] ?an ! o!r & ( a h>d gravel1 ! k+ resolv$ to cross !re2 & himself gave directions = su* a bridge z ,i believe nev] army pass$ be=e nor s9ce4 ,! bridge 0 loose plank plac$ ^u l>ge tressels z bricklay]s raise a scaffold to build a wall4 ,! tressels 7 made "s high] & "s l[] to answ] to ! riv] z x grew deep] or %all[]2 & all 0 fram$ & fitt$ be=e any attempt 0 made to cross4 ,at night1 ,april #d? ! k+ po/$ ab\t #b1jjj m5 ne> ! po9t & ord]$ !m to ?r[ up tr5*es on ei!r side & q ar\nd x2 )9 :i* at ea* end ! k+ plac$ a batt]y ( six pieces & six cannon at ! po9t1 two guns 9 front & two at ea* side4 ,by daylight1 all ! batt]ies 7 f9i%$1 ! tr5*es fill$ ) muskete]s & all ! bridge equipm5t at h& 9 read9ess = use4 ,to conceal ?is "w ! k+ _h fir$ all night at o!r places along ! riv]4 ,at daylight1 ! ,imp]iali/s discov]$ ! k+'s design1 :5 x 0 too late to prev5t x4 ,! muskete]s & ! batt]ies made su* cont9ual fire t ! o!r bank twelve feet bel[ 0 too hot = ! ,imp]iali/s2 :]eupon old ,tilly to be ready = ! k+ on 8 com+ ov] on 8 bridge1 fell to "w & rais$ a tw5ty-gun batt]y "r aga9/ ! po9t & a brea/-"w z ne> ! riv] z he c\ld to cov] 8 m52 ?9k+ t :5 ! ,k+ %\ld build 8 bridge1 he might easily beat x d[n ) 8 cannon4 ,b ! ,k+ _h d\bly prev5t$ him2 fir/ by lay+ 8 bridge s l[ t none ( ,tilly's %ot c\ld hurt x1 = ! bridge lay n above half a foot above ! wat]'s edge2 & ! angle ( ! riv] secur$ x aga9/ ! batt]ies on ! o!r side1 :ile ! cont9ual fire beat ! ,imp]iali/s f ^? places :]e !y _h no works to cov] !m4 ,n[1 9 ! second place1 ! ,k+ s5t ov] f\r hundr$ m5 :o ca/ up a l>ge ravel9 on ! o!r bank j :]e he plann$ to l&2 & :ile ?is 0 do+ ! ,k+ laid ov] 8 bridge4 ,bo? sides wr\ght h>d all ! day & all ! night z if ! spade1 n ! sword1 0 to decide ! controv]sy2 mean:ile ! musketry & cannon-balls flew l hail & bo? sides _h en\gh to d to make ! m5 /& to _! "w4 ,! c>nage 0 great2 _m (fic]s 7 kill$4 ,bo? ! ,k+ & ,tilly animat$ ! troops by _! pres5ce4 ,ab\t "o o'clock ab\t ! "t :5 ! ,k+ _h 8 bridge f9i%$ & 9 head+ a *>ge ( #cjjj foot aga9/ our ravel9 0 brave old ,tilly sla9 by a musket bullet 9 ! ?igh4 ,we knew no?+ ( ?is disa/] befall5 !m1 & ! ,k+1 :o look$ = bl[s1 ! bridge & ravel9 be+ f9i%$1 ord]$ to run a l9e ( palisades to take 9 m gr\nd & to cov] ! fir/ troops he %\ld s5d ov]4 ,?is "w be+ f9i%$ ! same night1 ! ,k+ s5t ov] 8 ,gu>ds & six hundr$ ,scots to man ! new l9e4 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ a p>ty ( ,scots "u ,capt4 ,=bes ( ,"l ,rae's regim5t 0 s5t abroad to le>n some?+ ( ! enemy & ,sir ,john ,hepburn ) ! ,scots ,brigade 0 ord]$ to pass ! bridge1 draw up outside ! ravel91 & to advance 9 se>* ( ! enemy z soon z ! horse 7 come ov]4 ,! ,k+ 0 by ?is "t at ! head ( 8 army 9 full battle array1 ready to foll[ 8 van-gu>d & expect+ a hot day's "w ( x4 ,sir ,john s5t mess5g] aft] mess5g] entreat+ = p]mission to advance1 b ! ,k+ w\ld n suff] x2 = he 0 ev] on 8 gu>d & w\ld n risk a surprise4 ,s ! army cont9u$ on ?is side ( ! ,le* all day & ! next night4 ,9 ! morn+ ! ,k+ ord]$ #cjj horse1 #fjj horse & #hjj dragoons to ent] ! wood by ?ree ways1 b su/a9+ ea* o!r2 ! ,scots ,brigade to foll[ to ! edge ( ! wood 9 support ( all1 & a brigade ( ,sw$i% infantry to cov] ,sir ,john's troops4 ,s w>ily did ?is fam\s w>rior proce$4 ,! next day ! cavalry came up ) u l$ by ,gu/avus ,horn2 & ! ,k+ & ! :ole army foll[$1 & we m>*$ on ?r\gh ! he>t ( ,bav>ia4 ,8 ,maje/y :5 he saw ! judgm5t ) :i* old ,tilly _h prep>$ 8 works & ! dang]s we _h run1 w\ld (t5 say1 8,t day's "w is e way equal to ! victory ( ,leipsic40 99 99 99 99 99 ,) b #ee1jjj troops 9 h& & surr\nd$ by ! unit$ ,au/rian & ,russian armies aggregat+ a qu>t] ( a million m52 ,fr$]ic ! ,great avail+ ( a swamp1 a few hills1 a rivulet & a =tifi$ t[n1 con/ruct$ a battlefield ^u :i* 8 oppon5ts d>$ n engage him4 ,?is fam\s camp ( ,bunzlewitz is "o ( ! wond]s ( ! milit>y art4 ,x also is an illu/ration ( ! inability ( ! ,anglo-,saxon to reason2 = to ?is day _m :o we> epaulets1 accept+ ! dictum ( a skillfully hoodw9k$ ,fr5* diplomat at ! siege ( ,neisse1 7,dec41 #agdj7 commonly ass]t t 8! great ,fr$]ic 0 a bad eng9e]40 99 99 99 99 99 ,wa%+ton compell$ ! ,briti% to evacuate ,bo/on1 m]ely by occupy+ ) artill]y ,dor*e/] ,heights1 ! tactical key ( ! !atre ( action & ?us prev5t+ ei!r +ress or egress f ! h>bor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,tr5ton ! ,hessian column 0 unable to escape f ,wa%+ton's accurate evolutions1 on acc\nt ( be+ imprison$ 9 an angle =m$ by ! un=dable ,delaw>e riv]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,yorkt[n1 ! ,briti% army "u ,"l ,cornwallis 0 captur$ entire1 be+ cut (f f all retreat by ! ocean on ! "r flank & ! ,james riv] 9 re>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bonap>te made 8 reputation at ,t\lon 7#agic7 m]ely by foll[+ ! me?od employ$ by ,wa%+ton 9 ! siege ( ,bo/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bonap>te ga9$ 8 fir/ success 9 ,italy because ! alli$ ,pi$montese & ,au/rian armies1 al?\gh ?rice 8 numb]s1 7 sep>at$ by ! ,ap5n9e m\nta9s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bonap>te's success at ,ca/iglione 0 due to ! sep>ation ( ! ,au/rian army into two great isolat$ columns by ! ,lake ( ,g>da4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,arcola1 ,bonap>te occupi$ a great swamp ^u ! ho/ile /rategic c5t] & ! ,au/rian army 0 de/roy$ by its ef=ts to dislodge him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,rivoli1 ! ,au/rian army purpos$ to unite its five deta*$ w+s ^u a plateau ( :i* ,bonap>te 0 already 9 possession4 ,all 7 ru9$ 9 ! ef=t to dislodge ! ,fr5* f ?is ,tactical ,c5t]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,au/rian army 0 unable to escape aft] ,m>5go on acc\nt ( ! ,po riv] 9 its re>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,au/]litz ! left w+ ( ! ,au/ro-,russian army 0 caught betwe5 ! ,fr5* army & a *a9 ( lakes & rivulets & totally de/roy$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,fri$l& ! ,russian army 0 caught betwe5 ! ,fr5* 9 front & ! ,vi/ula riv] 9 re> & totally de/roy$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,krasnoe1 ! ,russians "u ,kutos(1 occupi$ ! /rategic c5t] & 7 cov]$ by ! ,dniep]4 ,to =ce ! passage ( ! riv] co/ ,napoleon #cj1jjj m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ! ,b]es9a1 ! ,russians "u ,b5n+s51 occupi$ ! ,/rategic ,c5t] & 7 cov]$ by ! un=dable riv]4 ,to =ce ! passage co/ ,napoleon #bj1jjj m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,leipsic1 ,napoleon 0 caught betwe5 ! alli$ army & ! ,elbe4 ,! retreat across ! riv] co/ ! ,fr5* #ej1jjj m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,wat]loo1 ! high plateau slop+ gradually to a pla91 v>i\s hamlets on front & flank & ! =e/ 9 re>1 made a p]fect topography = a def5sive battle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,s$an1 ! ,emp]or1 ,napoleon ,,iii1 & 8 army 7 enclos$ betwe5 ! ,prussian army & ! fronti] ( ,belgium & captur$4 99 99 99 99 99 8,:]e ! real g5]al incessantly sees prep>$ by ,nature means admirably adapt$ = 8 ne$s1 ! comm&] lack+ su* tal5ts sees no?+40--,hannibal4 ,,mobility 8,success 9 an op]ation dep5ds ^u ! secrecy & cel]ity ) :i* ! movem5ts are made40--,napoleon4 99 99 99 99 99 8,an eye unskill$ & a m9d untutor$ c see b little :]e a tra9$ obs]v] detects important movem5ts40--,von ,moltke4 99 99 99 99 99 8,caes> is a m>vel ( vigilance & rapidity1 he f9i%es a w> 9 a m>*40--,cic]o4 ,,mobility 8,victory lies 9 ! legs ( ! soldi]40--,fr$]ic ! ,great4 99 99 99 99 99 8,! pr9cipal "p ( ! soldi]'s effici5cy dep5ds ^u 8 legs4 8,! p]sonal abilities requir$ 9 all manoeuvres & 9 battles are totally conf9$ to !m4 8,:oev] is ( a diff]5t op9ion is a dupe to ignorance & a novice 9 ! pr(ession ( arms40--,c\nt de ,saxe4 8,x is easi] to beat an enemy ?an commonly is suppos$10 says ,napoleon1 8! great ,art lies 9 mak+ no?+ b decisive movem5ts40 ,to ! pr(ici5t 9 ,/rategetics ! tru? ( ! =ego+ dictum is self-evid5t4 ,nev]!less1 x rema9s to in/ruct ! /ud5t h[ to select f a multitude ( possible movem5ts1 t p>ticul> movem5t or s]ies ( movem5ts1 :i* 9 a giv5 situation are be/ calculat$ to a*ieve victory4 ,:atev] may be su* s]ies ( movem5ts1 obvi\sly1 x mu/ h an object1 i4e41 a specific & cle>ly def9$ purpose4 ,equally s1 all movem5ts made on su* l9e ( movem5t mu/ ea* h an objective1 i4e41 a t]m9us4 ,^! objectives1 l cogs 9 a ge>1 intimately are connect$ ) o!r objectives or t]m9i1 s t ! project ?us =m$ con/itutes always an exact & (t5 a va/ s*eme4 ,frequ5tly x happ5s t ! occupation ( an objective1 valid 9 a giv5 situation1 is n valid 9 an ensu+ situation = ! reasons3 #a4 ,t ! object ( ! giv5 l9e ( movem5t is become unatta9able1 or1 #b4 ,because x has become no long] wor? atta9+1 or1 #c4 ,because su* belat$ atta9m5t may be direct cause ( disa/]4 ,,pr9ciple ,9 ord] to select ! decisive movem5t 9 a giv5 situation x is necess>y fir/ to det]m9e bo? ! object & ! objective1 n m]ely ( ! requir$ movem5t1 b also ( t s]ies ( movem5ts1 :i* collectively con/itute ! project$ l9e ( movem5t2 toge!r ) ! object & ! objective ( e movem5t conta9$ !re94 ,! ma!matician readily w p]ceive1 & ! /ud5t d\btless w p]mit himself to be in=m$1 t3 ,be=e ! true object & ! true objective ( any movem5t c be det]m9$ x fir/ is necess>y to d$uce ! common object ( all movem5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z is well kn[n1 ! comb9$ movem5ts ( ! ,*ess-pieces ov] ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d dur+ a game at ,*ess are inf9ite4 ,^! calculations are s complex t human p]ception accurately c =eca/ ultimate & ev5 imm$iate results only 9 comp>atively few & simple situations4 ,su* calculable outcomes are limit$ to ! e>li] /ages ( ! op5+1 to ! conclud+ phases ( a game2 & to situations 9 ! mid-game :]e9 ! pres5ce ( b few adv]se pieces m9imizes ! volume ( ef=t possible to ! oppon5t4 ,consequ5tly1 x is self-evid5t1 t3 ,,pr9ciple ,situations on ! ,*ess-bo>d require = _! demon/ration a degree ( skill :i* decreases z ! ho/ile p[] ( resi/ance decreases4 ,all p[] = resi/ance possess$ by an army emanates f its ability to move4 ,?is faculty ( ,mobility is t ine/imable quality )\t :i* no?+ & by means ( :i* ev]y?+1 c be done4 ,f ?is tru? x is easy to d$uce ! common object ( all movem5t1 :i* obvi\sly is3 ,to m9imize ! mobility ( ! oppos+ =ce4 ,! ho/ile army hav+ ! ability to move & consequ5tly a p[] = resi/ance equal to t possess$ by ! k9dr$ army2 x becomes ( ! fir/ importance to discov] 9 :at way ! k9dr$ army is sup]ior to t adv]se =ce1 :i* 9 ! ,normal ,situation on ! ,*ess-bo>d is its exact c\nt]p>t 9 mat]ial1 position & =mation4 ,su* normal sup]iority ( ! ,:ite army ov] ! ,black army is f\nd 9 ! fact t3 #a4 ,! =m] has ! privilege ( mak+ ! initial move ( ! game4 #b4 ,?is privilege ( fir/ move is ! absolute advantage 9 ,"t4 ,:ile no ma!matical demon/ration ( ! outcome ( a game at ,*ess is possible1 nev]!less !re are rational gr\nds = assum+ t ) exact play1 ,:ite %\ld w94 ,?is decid$ & probably decisive advantage possess$ by ,:ite c be m9imiz$ only by correct+ a ma!matical blemi% 9 ! game ( ,*ess z at pres5t con/ruct$2 :i* blemi%1 !re is reason to believe1 did n orig9ally exi/4 ,?is imp]fection seem+ly is ! result ( unsci5tific modifications ( ! ,italian me?od ( ,ca/l+2 :i* latt]1 f ! /&po9t ( ma!matics & ( ,/rategetics1 embodies ! true _s ( t delicate & vital evolution4 ,to ! ma!matician & to ! ,/rategi/1 x is cle> t ,*ess z fir/ devis$ 0 geometrically p]fect4 ,! abortions play$ dur+ successive ages & 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,e>?1 m]ely are crude & unsci5tific deviations f ! p]fect orig9al4 ,?us1 /rategetically1 ! correct po/ ( deploym5t = ! ,*ess-,k+ is at ! extremity ( a /raight l9e drawn f ! c5t] ( t ,gr& ,/rategic ,front :i* app]ta9s to ! exi/+ =mation4 ,h5ce1 9 ! gr& front by ! "r1 ! ,k+ 9 ,ca/l+ ,k ,r1 prop]ly goes 9 "o move to ,k,kt#a1 8 prop] po/4 ,conv]sely1 9 ,ca/l+ ,q ,r1 he also %\ld g 9 "o move to ,q,kt#a1 8 prop] po/ correspond+ to ! gr& front by ! left4 ,aga91 :5ev] ! =mation logically po9ts to ! gr& front by ! "r refus$1 ! ,k+ %\ld g 9 "o move f ,k#a to ,,kr#a4 ,:5 ! =mations indicate ! gr& front by ! left refus$1 ! ,k+ %\ld g 9 "o move f ,k#a to ,,qr#a4 ,9 ea* & e case ! co-op]at+ ,rook %\ld be po/$ at ! correspond+ ,bi%op's squ>e1 9 ord] to support ! alignm5t by ,p-,b#d1 ( ! front adopt$4 ,! faulty mode ( ca/l+ today 9 vogue cle>ly is n ! product ei!r ( ! ma!matic nor ( ! /rategetic m9d4 ,! infantile def9ition ( 8! books10 viz41 8,! ,k+ 9 ,ca/l+ moves two squ>es ei!r to ! "r or to ! left10 displays all t mania = ! commonplace1 :i* *>act]izes ! dilettante4 ,all t c be done is to call att5tion to ?is baleful excresc5ce on ! great ,game4 ,( c\rse1 x is useless to combat x4 ,9 ! words ( ! ,c\nt de ,saxe3 8,! p[] ( cu/om is absolute4 ,to dep>t f x is a crime1 & ! mo/ inexcusable ( all crimes is to introduce innovations4 ,= mo/ p1 x is suffici5t t a ?+ is s1 to =ev] all[ x to rema9 s40 ,says ! great ,fr$]ic2 8,man h>dly may eradicate 9 8 %ort lifetime all ! prejudices t are imbib$ ) 8 "m's milk2 & x is well nigh impossible to successfully wre/le ) cu/om1 t *ief argum5t ( fools40 ,also be>+ 9 m9d ! irony ( ,cic]o1 :o reg>d$ himself =tunate 9 t he _h n fall5 victim to s]vices r5d]$ 8 c\ntrym51 x suffices to say3 ,! true ,*essic dictum 9 reg>d to ! d\ble evolution ( ! ,k+ & ,rook %\ld read3 8,! ,k+ ( ,ca/l+ %\ld deploy 9 "o move to t po9t :]e1 z ! ,base ( ,op]ations1 x ma!matically h>monizes ) t ,/rategic ,front1 :i* is1 or mu/ become1 e/abli%$40 ,! *ange 9 ! pres5t =m ( ,ca/l+1 h]e9 sugge/$1 %\ld be made 9 ! true int]e/s ( ! ,royal ,game4 ,! in/ant effect ( su* *ange w be3 #a4 ,l>gely to increase ! def5sive res\rces bo? ( ,:ite & ,black2 #b4 ,to m9imize ! h&icap on ! second play]1 due to ,:ite's advantage ( fir/ move2 #c4 ,to p]mit op5 play on ! ,que5's side ( ! bo>d & ?us provide a broad] & m respl5d5t field = ,/rategetic g5ius4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 all our mod]n-day mis-int]pretations ( ! e?ics ( ,*ess & our *>act]i/ic ,tw5tie? ,c5tury loos5ess ( practice z appli$ to ,*ess-play1 p]haps !re exi/s no great] absurdity1 ?an t subv]sion ( ord9>y intellig5ce1 daily ev9c$ by p]mitt+ a piece :i* _c move1 to give *eck4 ,x is a well kn[n & 9 _m ways a des]v$ reproa*1 ca/ by ! ,g]man erudite1 t ! m9d ( ! ,anglo-,saxon is n prop]ly develop$1 t x is able to act correctly only :5 deal+ ) kn[n quantities1 & is inadequate = ! elucidation ( indet]m9ate ?+s4 ,9 consequ5ce1 !y say1 ! argum5tative attempts ( ! ,anglo-,saxon are pu]ile2 ! natural result ( a m5tal limitation :i* diff]s f t ( monkeys & p>rots1 m]ely 9 ability to c\nt beyond two4 ,surely x w\ld seem t a v "y *ild readily w\ld s5se t3 ,a ,*ess-piece1 :i* by law is deb>r$ f movem5t1 is1 by ! same law1 necess>ily deb>r$ f captur+ adv]se mat]ial2 inasmu* z 9 ord] to capture1 a piece mu/ move4 ,nev]!less cons5sus ( op9ion today among *ildr5 ( e gr[? & :e!r ,anglo-,saxon or ,g]man1 univ]sally c\nt5ance ! p>adox t3 ,a piece :i* is p9n$ on its own ,k+1 c give *eck i4e41 ?reat5 to move & capture ! adv]se ,k+4 ,to argue ?is "q correctly & to d$uce ! logical solution1 x is necess>y to rev]t to fir/ pr9ciples & to note t3 ,x is a fundam5tal ( ,*ess ma!matics t ! ,k+ _c be expos$ to capture4 ,fur!rmore1 x is to be not$ z equally fundam5tal1 t3 #a4 ,a piece ex]ts no =ce aga9/ t po9t ^u :i* x is po/$2 #b4 ,t :atev] p[] a piece ex]ts1 always is ex]t$ aga9/ "s o!r po9t ?an ! po9t ^u :i* x /&s2 & t2 #c4 ,9 ord] to ex]t su* p[]1 x is an all-ess5tial t ! piece move f ! po9t :i* x occupies to ! po9t at :i* its p[] is to be ex]t$4 ,h5ce1 x is obvi\s & may be ma!matically demon/rat$1 t1 #a4 ,a piece :i* _c move1 _c capture4 #b4 ,a piece :i* _c capture1 does n ex]cise any ?reat ( capture2 & #c4 ,consequ5tly1 a piece depriv$ ( its "r to move2 :i* _c capture nor ex]cise any ?reat to capture1 obvi\sly & by ma!matical demon/ration1 _c give *eck1 inasmu*1 z 8*eck0 m]ely is ! ?reat by a piece to move & capture ! adv]se ,k+4 ,!re=e1 :atev] may be ! normal area ( movem5t belong+ to a piece1 :5ev] f any cause su* piece loses its p[] ( movem5t1 !n1 ,x no long] c capture1 nor ex]cise any ?reat ( capture1 ^u ! po9ts conta9$ )9 said area2 & consequ5tly su* po9ts s f> z said immovable piece is conc]n$1 may be occupi$ 9 safety by any adv]se piece includ+ ! adv]se ,k+1 = ! reason t3 ,an immovable piece _c move2 & n be+ able to move x _c capture1 & n be+ able to capture1 x does n ex]cise any ?reat ( capture1 & consequ5tly x _c give *eck4 ,?is incongruity ( p]mitt+ an immovable piece to give *eck con/itutes ! second ma!matical blemi% 9 ! game ( ,*ess1 z at pres5t con/ruct$4 ,?is fallacy1 ! correction ( :i* any s*oolboy may ma!matically demon/rate1 is def5d$1 ev5 by _m :o w\ld "k bett]1 if !y m]ely w\ld take "t = reflection2 by ! inane assumption1 t3 ,a piece :i* admitt$ly is disqualifi$ & r5d]$ dormant by all ! fundam5tals ( ! sci5ce ( ,*ess1 & :i* !re=e _c legally move & consequ5tly _c legally capture any?+2 by "s hocus-pocus may be made to move & to capture t mo/ valuable ( all prizes1 ! adv]se ,k+2 & ?is at a "t & "u circum/ances :51 z is univ]sally all[$1 x _c legally move aga9/1 nor legally capture any o!r adv]se piece4 ,! basis ( ?is illogical1 illegal1 & unt5able assumption is3 ,! p9n$ piece1 belong+ to t =ce :i* has ! privilege ( mov+1 c ab&on its po/1 & capture ! adv]se ,k+2 ?is /roke ends ! game & ! game be+ end$1 ! p9n+ piece nev] c avail ( ! ab&onm5t ( ! cov]+ po/ by ! p9n$ piece to capture ! ,k+ ?us expos$4 ,! insuffici5cy ( ?is subt]fuge is cle> to ! ma!matical m9d4 ,its subtlety lies 9 conf\nd+ toge!r ?+s :i* h no connection1 viz43 ,admitt$ly ! giv5 body ( ,*ess-pieces has ! "r to move1 b x is ( ! utmo/ importance to note t ?is privilege ( mov+ ext5ds only to a s+le piece & f ?is privilege ( mov+ ! p9n$ piece is deb>r$ by a specific & fundam5tal law ( ! game1 :i* decl>es t3 8,a piece %all n by remov+ itself uncov] ! k9dr$ ,k+ to ! attack ( a ho/ile piece40 ,?us1 x is cle>1 t a p9n$ piece is a disqualifi$ piece2 its p[]s are dormant & by ! laws ( ! game x is tempor>ily r$uc$ to an in]t mass1 & depriv$ ( e faculty normally app]ta9+ to x z a ,*ess-piece4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z is equally obvi\s1 ! p9n+ piece is 9 full possession ( its normal p[]s & is qualifi$ to p]=m e function4 ,to hold t a piece disqualifi$ by ! laws ( ! game c nullify ! activities ( a piece 9 full possession ( its p[]s1 is to ass]t t black is :ite1 t ! moon is made ( gre5 *eese1 t ! tail c wag ! dog1 or any o!r ( ^? ?+s :i* h l$ ! ,g]man to promulgate 8 cau/ic =mula on ! ,anglo-,saxon4 ,h5ce1 artificially to nullify ! normal p[]s ( an active & pot5tial piece :i* is op]at+ 9 con=mity to ! laws ( ! game1 & artificially to revivify ! dormant p[]s ( a piece disqualifi$ by ! same laws2 to deb> ! =m] f ex]cis+ its legitimate functions & to p]mit ! latt] to ex]cise functions f :i* by law1 x specifically is deb>r$1 is a self-evid5t incongruity & any argum5t :]eby su* proc$ure is upheld1 necess>ily & obvi\sly1 is sophi/ry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no less int]e/+ ?an in/ructive & conclusive1 is ref]5ce ( ?is "q to ^? intellectual pr9ciples :i* give bir? to ! game ( ,*ess1 p] se1 viz43 ,z a prim>y fundam5tal1 ) ! p[] to give *eck1 is associat$ concurr5tly ! obligation ^u ! ,k+ ?us *eck$1 n to rema9 9 *eck4 ,secondly3 ,! totality ( p[]s assign$ to ! ,*ess-pieces is ! ability to move1 provid$ ! ,k+ be free f *eck4 ,?is totality ( p[]s may be d5ot$ by ! indef9ite symbol1 ,x4 ,! play ?us has = its object3 ,! r$uction to z]o ( ! adv]se ,x1 by ! op]ation ( ! k9dr$ ,x4 ,?is result is *eckmate 9 its g5]aliz$ =m4 ,9 effect1 x is ! de/ruction ( ! p[] ( ! adv]se pieces to move1 by means ( *eck made p]man5t4 ,by ! law ( cont9uity x is self-evid5t t3 ,! p[] to move app]ta9+ ei!r to ,:ite or to ,black1 runs f full p[] to move any piece 7a p[] due to fre$om f *eck71 d[n to total inability to move any piece1 due to 8 ,k+ be+ p]man5tly *eck$1 i4e41 *eckmat$4 ,?is s]ies _c be int]rupt$ )\t obvi\s violation ( ! e?ics ( ! game2 because1 s long z any "p ( ,x rema9s1 ! pr9ciple f :i* ! s]ies emanat$ /ill op]ates1 & ?is )\t reg>d to quantity ( ,x rema9+ unexp5d$4 ,?us1 a game ( ,*ess is a proc$ure f total ability to total disability2 i4e41 f "o logical :ole to ano!r2 o!rwise1 f ,x to z]o4 ,*eckmate1 furni%es ! limit to ! s]ies2 ! game & ,x vani% toge!r4 ,?is is 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! law ( cont9uity1 :i* acts & dom9ates f beg9n+ to end ( ! s]ies1 & s long z any "p ( ,x rema9s4 ,h5ce to p]mit ei!r ,:ite or ,black to move any piece1 leav+ 8 ,k+ 9 *eck1 is an anomaly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,d5ial to ! ,pawn ( ability to move to ! re> is an accurate int]pretation ( milit>y e?ics4 ,( ^? pu]ile hypo!ses common to ! man :o does n "k1 "o ( ! mo/ entranc+ to ! popul> m9d1 is ! notion t ,corps d'armee prop]ly are ( equal numb]s & ( ! same composition4 ,?is supposition is due to ignorance ( ! fact t ! multif>i\s duties ( appli$ ,/rategetics1 require = _! execution l v>iety ( in/rum5ts1 :i* div]sity ( means is /rik+ly illu/rat$ by ! diff]+ movem5ts ( ! ,*ess-pieces4 ,! inability ( ! ,pawn to move backw>d /rategically h>monizes ) its functions z a ,corps ( ,position1 9 contradiction to ! movem5ts ( ! pieces1 :i* latt] are ,corps ( ,evolution4 ,?is re/riction 9 ! move ( ! ,pawn is 9 exact h>mony ) ! inability ( ! ,que5 to move on obliques1 ( ! ,rook to move on obliques or on diagonals1 ( ! ,bi%op to move on obliques1 v]ticals & horizontals1 ( ! ,knight to move on diagonals1 v]ticals1 & horizontals1 & ( ! ,k+ to move l any o!r piece4 99 99 99 99 99 ,possess$ ( ! invaluable privilege ( mak+ ! fir/ move 9 ! game1 kn[+ t no move %\ld be made )\t an object1 und]/&+ t ! true object ( e move is to m9imize ! adv]se p[] = resi/ance & compreh5d+ t all p[] = resi/ance is d]iv$ f facility ( movem5t1 ! /ud5t easily d$uces ! true object ( ,:ite's initial move 9 e game ( ,*ess1 viz43 ,,pr9ciple ,to make ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( movem5ts1 ea* ( :i* %all increase ! mobility ( ! k9dr$ pieces & correspond+ly decrease ! mobility ( ! adv]se pieces4 ,z ! effect ( su* policy1 ! p[] = resi/ance app]ta9+ to ,black1 ultimately mu/ become s insuffici5t t he no long] w be able adequately to def5d3 #a4 ,8 base ( op]ations4 #b4 ,! communications ( 8 army ) its base4 #c4 ,! communications ( 8 corps d'armee ) ea* o!r1 or1 #d4 ,to prev5t ! ,:ite hypo!tical =ce p5etrat+ to its ,logi/ic ,horizon4 ,to produce ?is fatal weakness 9 ! ,black position by ! advantage ( ! fir/ move is mu* easi] = ,:ite ?an commonly is suppos$4 ,! process consi/s 9 mak+ only ^? movem5ts by means ( :i* ! k9dr$ corps d'armee1 progressively occupy+ specifi$ objectives1 are advanc$1 viz43 ,i4 ,to ! ,/rategetic ,objective1 :5 act+ aga9/ ! communications ( ! adv]se ,det]m9ate ,=ce & its ,base ( ,op]ations4 ,,ii4 ,to ! ,logi/ic ,horizon1 :5 act+ aga9/ ! communications betwe5 ! adv]se ,det]m9ate & ! adv]se ,hypo!tical ,=ces4 ,,iii4 ,to ! ,/rategic ,v]tices1 :5 act+ aga9/ ! communications ( ! ho/ile corps d'armee ) ea* o!r4 ,to br+ ab\t ei!r ( ^! results aga9/ an oppon5t equally equipp$ & capable1 ( c\rse is a mu* m difficult task ?an to *eckmate an enemy incapable ( movem5t4 ,yet su* a*ievem5t is possible to ,:ite & ) exact play x seem+ly is a c]ta9ty t he succe$s 9 "o or ! o!r1 ow+ to 8 ine/imable privilege ( fir/ move4 ,= ! normal advantage t atta*es to ! fir/ move 9 a game ( ,*ess is va/ly enhanc$ by a peculi>ity 9 ! ma!matical make-up ( ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d1 :]eby1 he :o makes ! fir/ move may secure to himself ! advantage 9 mobility1 & conv]sely may inflict ^u ! second play] a correspond+ disadvantage 9 mobility4 ,?is peculi> prop]ty emanates f ?is fact3 ,! sixty-f\r po9ts1 i4e41 ! sixty-f\r c5tres ( ! squ>es into :i* ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d is divid$1 con/itute1 :5 tak5 collectively1 ! quadrant ( a circle1 ^: radius is eight po9ts 9 l5g?4 ,h5ce1 9 ,*essic ma!matics1 ! sides ( ! ,*essbo>d d n =m a squ>e1 b ! segm5t ( a circumf]5ce4 ,to prove ! tru? ( ?is1 "o has b to c\nt ! po9ts conta9$ 9 ! v]ticals & horizontals & 9 ! hypo!nuse ( ea* correspond+ angle1 & 9 e in/ance x w be f\nd t ! numb] ( po9ts conta9$ 9 ! base1 p]p5dicul>1 & hypo!nuse1 is ! same4 ,= example3 ,let ! eight po9ts ( ! ,k+'s ,rook's file =m ! p]p5dicul> ( a "r angle triangle1 ( :i* ! k9dr$ fir/ horizontal =ms ! base2 !n1 ! hypo!nuse ( ! giv5 angle1 w be t diagonal :i* ext5ds f ,,qr#a to ,,kr#h4 ,n[1 m]ely by ! processes ( simple ari?metic1 x may be %[n t !re are1 #a4 ,eight po9ts 9 ! base4 #b4 ,eight po9ts 9 ! p]p5dicul>4 #c4 ,eight po9ts 9 ! hypo!nuse4 ,consequ5tly ! ?ree sides ( ?is giv5 "r angl$ triangle are equal to ea* o!r1 :i* is a geometric impossibility4 ,!re=e1 x is self-evid5t t !re exi/s a ma!matical incongruity 9 ! surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d4 ,t is1 :at to ! eye seems a "r angl$ triangle1 is 9 its relations to ! movem5ts ( ! ,*ess-pieces1 an equilat]al triangle4 ,h5ce1 ! ,*ess-bo>d1 9 its relations to ! pieces :5 ! latt] are at re/1 prop]ly may be reg>d$ z a great squ>e sub-divid$ into sixty-f\r small] squ>es2 b on ! contr>y1 9 ^? calculations relat+ to ! ,*ess-pieces 9 motion1 ! ,*ess-bo>d mu/ be reg>d$ z ! quadrant ( a circle ( eight po9ts radius4 ,! demon/ration foll[s1 viz43 ,connect by a /raight l9e ! po9ts ,,kr#h & ,,qr#h4 ,connect by ano!r /raight l9e ! po9ts ,,qr#h & ,,qr#a4 ,connect ea* ( ! fifte5 po9ts ?r\gh :i* ^! l9es pass ) ! po9t ,,kr#a1 by means ( l9es pass+ ?r\gh ! lea/ numb] ( po9ts int]v5+4 ,!n ! l9e ,,kr#h & ,,qr#h w repres5t ! segm5t ( a circle ( :i* latt] ! po9t ,,kr#a is ! c5t]4 ,! l9es ,,kr#a-,,kr#h & ,,kr#a-,,qr#a w repres5t ! sides ( a quadrant conta9$ 9 ! giv5 circle & b\nd$ by ! giv5 segm5t1 & ! l9es drawn f ,,kr#a to ! fifte5 po9ts conta9$ 9 ! giv5 segm5t ( ! giv5 circumf]5ce1 w be f\nd to be fifte5 equal radii ea* eight po9ts 9 l5g?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hav+ not$ ! =m ( ! ,/atic or positional surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d & its relations to ! pieces at re/1 & hav+ e/abli%$ ! configuration ( ! ,dynamic surface ^u :i* ! pieces move1 x is next 9 sequ5ce to d$uce t fundam5tal fact & to give x t geometric expression :i* %all ma!matically h>monize ^! conflict+ geometric figures 9 _! relations to ,*ess-play4 ,z ! basic fact ( appli$ ,*essic =ces1 x is to be not$1 t3 ,,pr9ciple ,! ,k+ is ! ,,s\rce f :5ce ! ,*ess-pieces d]ive all p[] ( movem5t2 & f 8 ability to move1 emanates ,,all p[] = attack & = def5ce possess$ by a ,*essic army4 ,?is faculty ( mobility1 d]iv$ f ! exi/5ce ( ! k9dr$ ,k+1 is ! all ess5tial elem5t 9 ,*ess-play1 & to increase ! mobility ( ! k9dr$ pieces & to r$uce t ( ! adv]se pieces is ! simple1 sure & only sci5tific road to victory2 & by comp>ison ( ! ,/atic ) ! ,dynamic surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d1 ! desir$ pr9ciple readily is discov]$1 viz41 ,! ,/atic surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d be+ a squ>e1 its lea/ division is into two great "r angl$ triangles hav+ a common hypo!nuse4 ,! ,dynamic surface be+ ! quadrant ( a circle1 its lea/ division also is into two great sections1 "o ( :i* is a "r angl$ triangle & ! o!r a semi-circle4 ,comp>+ ! two surfaces ( ! ,*ess-bo>d ?us divid$1 x w be se5 t ^! ?ree great "r angl$ triangles are equal1 ea* conta9+ ?irty-six po9ts2 & hav+ = _! common v]tices1 ! po9ts ,,kr#a1 ,,qr#a & ,r#h4 ,fur!rmore1 x w be se5 t ! hypo!nuse common to ^! triangles1 also is ! *ord ( t semi-circle :i* app]ta9s to ! ,dynamic surface4 ,aga91 x w be p]ceiv$ t ?is semi-circle1 l ! ?ree "r angl$ triangles1 is compos$ ( ?irty-six po9ts1 & consequ5tly t all ( ! f\r sub-divisions ( ! ,/atic & ,dynamic surfaces ( ! ,*ess-bo>d are equal4 ,?us x obvi\sly foll[s1 t3 #a4 ,! great c5tral diagonal1 always is "o side ( ea* ( ! f\r *ief geometric figures into :i* ! ,*ess bo>d is divid$2 t3 #b4 ,x ma!matically p]fects ea* ( ^! figures & h>monizes ea* to all1 & t3 #c4 ,by means ( x ea* figure becomes possess$ ( eight m po9ts ?an x o!rwise w\ld conta94 ,h5ce1 ! foll[+ is self-evid5t3 ,,pr9ciple ,t ,*essic army :i* c possess itself ( ! great c5tral diagonal1 !reby acquires ! l>g] numb] ( po9ts ^u :i* to act & consequ5tly great] facilities = movem5t2 & conv]sely3 ,by ! loss ( ! great c5tral diagonal1 ! mobility ( ! oppos+ army is correspond+ly decreas$4 ,x !re=e is cle> t ! object ( any s]ies ( movem5ts by a ,*essic army act+ o!rwise ?an on ,l9e ( ,op]ations1 %\ld be3 ,,pr9ciple ,=m ! k9dr$ army ^u ! hypo!nuse ( ! "r angl$ triangle :i* is conta9$ )9 ! ,dynamic surface ( ! ,*ess-bo>d2 & conv]sely1 ,compel ! adv]se army to act exclusively )9 t semi-circle :i* app]ta9s to ! same surface4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ! k9dr$ corps w be possess$ ( facilities = movem5t repres5t$ by ?irty-six squ>es2 :ile ! logi/ic area ( ! oppos+ army w be re/rict$ to tw5ty-eight squ>es4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 two great c5tral diagonals ( ! ,*ess-bo>d2 b z ! /ud5t is fully in=m$ t great c5tral diagonal always is to be select$1 :i* ext5ds t[>ds ! ,objective ,plane4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mobility1 p] se1 increases or decreases ) ! numb] ( squ>es op5 to occupation4 ,b 9 all situations !re w be po9ts ( no value1 :ile o!r po9ts are ( value ine/imable2 = ! reason t ! occupation ( ! =m] w n favorably affect ! play1 or may ev5 lose ! game2 :ile by ! occupation ( ! latt]1 victory is at once secur$4 ,b x is n ! prov9ce ( ,mobility to pass on ! values ( po9ts2 ?is latt] is ! duty ( ,/rategy4 ,x is suffici5t = ,mobility t x provide sup]ior facilities = movem5t2 x is = ,/rategy to def9e ! ,l9e ( ,movem5t2 = ,logi/ics1 by means ( ?is ,l9e ( ,movem5t1 to br+ into action 9 prop] times & sequ5ce1 ! requir$ =ce1 & = ,tactics1 ) ?is =ce1 to execute ! prop] evolutions4 ,mobility d]ives its importance f ?ree ?+s :i* may occur sev]ally or 9 comb9ation1 viz43 #a4 ,all p[] = (f5se or = def5se is elim9at$ f a ,*ess-piece ! in/ant x loses its ability to move4 #b4 ,! sup]iority possess$ by corps act+ (f5sively ov] adv]se corps act+ def5sively1 resides 9 t ! attack ( a piece is valid at e po9t :i* x m5aces2 :ile ! def5sive ef=t ( a piece1 z a rule1 is valid only at a s+le po9t4 ,consequ5tly3 ,,pr9ciple ,increas$ facilities = movem5t enhance ! p[] ( attack+ pieces 9 a mu* great] degree ?an l facilities enhance ! p[] ( def5d+ pieces4 ,su* increas+ facilities = movem5t ultimately r5d] an attack+ =ce irresi/ible1 = ! reason t x f9ally becomes a physical impossibility = ! oppos+ equal =ce to provide valid def5ces = ! num]\s tactical keys1 :i* at a giv5 "t become simultane\sly assail$4 ,h5ce3 ,,pr9ciple ,sup]ior facilities = occupy+ any po9t at any "t & ) any =ce1 always ensure ! sup]ior =ce at a giv5 po9t1 at a giv5 "t4 ,! relative advantage 9 mobility possess$ by "o army ov] an oppos+ army always c be det]m9$ by ! foll[+1 viz43 ,,rule #a4 ,t army ^: /rategic front ( op]ations is e/abli%$ ^u ! ,/rategetic ,c5t] has ! relative advantage 9 ,mobility4 #b4 ,to utilize ! advantage 9 ,mobility ext5d ! ,/rategic ,front 9 ! direction ( ! objective plane4 #c4 ,to neutralize ! relative disadvantage 9 ,mobility elim9ate t adv]se ,corps d'armee :i* tactically expresses su* adv]se advantage2 or s po/ ! ,prime ,/rategetic ,po9t z to vitiate ! adv]se ,/rategic front4 ,advantage 9 ,mobility is divid$ into two classes1 viz43 ,i4 ,g5]al ,advantage 9 ,mobility4 ,,ii4 ,special ,advantage 9 ,mobility4 ,a ,g5]al ,advantage 9 ,mobility consi/s 9 ! ability to act simultane\sly aga9/ two or m vital po9ts by means ( int]ior logi/ic radii due to position betwe53-- #a4 ,! adv]se army & its ,base ( ,op]ations4 #b4 ,two or m adv]se ,gr& ,columns4 #c4 ,! w+s ( a ho/ile ,gr& ,column4 #d4 ,two or m isolat$ adv]se ,corps d'armee4 ,su* position ^u int]ior l9es ( movem5t is secur$ by occupy+ ei!r ( ! ,prime ,(f5sive ,orig9s1 i4e43 #a4 ,/rategic ,c5t] vs4 ,adv]se ,=mation 9 ,mass4 #b4 ,logi/ic ,c5t] vs4 ,adv]se ,=mation by ,gr& ,columns4 #c4 ,tactical ,c5t] vs4 ,adv]se ,=mation by ,w+s4 #d4 ,logi/ic ,triune vs4 ,adv]se ,=mation by ,corps4 ,special ,advantage 9 ,mobility consi/s 9 ! ability ( a corps d'armee to trav]se great] or equal di/ances 9 less] times ?an oppos+ corps4 ,,milit>y ,,examples 8,nev] int]rupt y\r enemy :5 he is mak+ a false movem5t40--,napoleon4 ,9 ! ye> 7#cff ,b4,c47 ! ,k+ ( ,sp>ta1 ) an army ( #cj1jjj m5 m>*$ to ! aid ( ! ,mant9eans aga9/ ,!bes4 ,epam9ondas took up a po/ ) 8 army f :5ce he equally ?reat5$ ,mant9ea & ,sp>ta4 ,agesilaus incauti\sly mov$ too f> t[>ds ! coa/1 :]eupon ,epam9ondas1 ) #gj1jjj m5 precipitat$ himself ^u ,lac$aemonia1 lay+ wa/e ! c\ntry ) fire & sword1 all b tak+ by /orm ! city ( ,sp>ta & %[+ ! wom5 ( ,lac$aemonia ! campfire ( an enemy = ! fir/ "t 9 six hundr$ ye>s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,flam9ius advanc+ incauti\sly to oppose ,hannibal1 ! latt] took up a po/ ) 8 army f :5ce he equally ?reat5$ ! city ( ,rome & ! army ( ! ,consul4 ,9 ! endeavor to rectify 8 error1 ! ,roman g5]al committ$ a worse & 0 de/roy$ ) 8 entire army4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,?apsus1 ,april #f1 #df ,b4,c41 ,caes> took up a po/ ) 8 army f :5ce he equally ?reat5$ ! ,roman army "u ,scipio & ! ,african army "u ,juba4 ,scipio hav+ m>*$ (f ) 8 troops to a bett] camp "s miles di/ant1 ,caes> attack$ & annihilat$ ,juba's army4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,pirna1 ,fr$]ic ! ,great1 captur$ ! ,saxon army entire1 & at ,rossba*1 ,leu!rn & ,zorndorf de/roy$ successively a ,fr5*1 an ,au/rian & a ,russian army m]ely by occupy+ a po/ f :5ce he equally ?reat5$ two or m vital po9ts1 await+ ! "t :5 "o w\ld become inadequately def5d$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,wa%+ton won ! ,revolution>y ,w> m]ely by occupy+ a po/ f :5ce he equally ?reat5$ ! ,briti% armies at ,new ,york & ,philadelphia2 refus+ battle & build+ up an army ( ,cont95tal regul> troops enli/$ = ! w> & tra9$ by ! ,b>on von ,/eub5 9 ! sy/em ( ,fr$]ic ! ,great4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bonap>te won at ,mont5otte1 ,ca/iglione1 ,arcola1 ,rivoli & ,au/]litz 8 mo/ p]fect exhibitions ( g5]al%ip1 m]ely by passively ?reat5+ two vital po9ts & 9 8 own words3 8,by nev] int]rupt+ an enemy :5 he is mak+ a false movem5t40 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]fection 9 ,mobility is atta9$ :5ev] ! k9dr$ army is able to act unre/ra9$ly 9 any & all directions1 :ile ! movem5ts ( ! ho/ile army are re/rict$4 ,,numb]s 8,9 w>f>e ! advantage 9 numb]s nev] is to be despis$40--,von ,moltke4 99 99 99 99 99 8,argum5ts avail b little aga9/ him ^: op9ion is voic$ by ?irty legions40--,roman ,prov]b4 99 99 99 99 99 8,t k+ :o has ! mo/ iron is ma/] ( ^? :o m]ely h ! m gold40--,solon4 99 99 99 99 99 8,x nev] tr\bles ! wolf h[ _m %eep !re are40--,agesilaus4 ,,numb]s 8,a h&ful ( troops inur$ to ,w>f>e proce$ to c]ta9 victory2 :ile on ! contr>y1 num]\s hordes ( raw & undiscipl9$ m5 are b a multitude ( victims dragg$ to slaught]40--,vegetius4 99 99 99 99 99 8,tur5ne always 0 victori\s ) armies inf9itely inf]ior 9 numb]s to ^? ( 8 enemies2 because he mov$ ) exp$ition1 knew h[ to secure himself f be+ attack$ 9 e situation & always kept ne> 8 enemy40--,c\nt de ,saxe4 99 99 99 99 99 8,numb]s are ( no significance :5 troops are once ?r[n into confusion40--,pr9ce ,eug5e4 ,humanity is divisible into two gr\ps1 "o ( :i* relatively is small & ! o!r1 by comp>ison1 v l>ge4 ,! fir/ ( ^! gr\ps is made up comp>atively ( b a few p]sons1 :o1 by virtue ( circum/ances are possess$ ( ev]y?+ except adequate physical /r5g?2 & ! second gr\p consi/s ( ^? va/ multitudes ( mank9d1 :i* are de/itute ( ev]y?+ except ( incalculable pr[ess1 due to _! ov]:elm+ numb]s4 ,h5ce1 at e mom5t ( its exi/5ce1 organiz$ ,society is face to face ) ! possibility ( collision into ! ,"u ,_w2 & because ( ! k t su* enc\nt] is inevitable1 un=eseeable & p]haps imm$iately imp5d+1 ,civilization1 s-call$1 ev] is beset by an unspeakable & all-corrod+ fe>4 ,to det] a multitude1 de/itute ( ev]y?+ except ! p[] to take1 f despoil+ by means ( its irresi/ible physique1 ^? few :o are possess$ ( ev]y?+ except ability to def5d !mselves1 9 all ,ages has be5 ! *iefe/ problem ( mank9d2 & to ! solution ( ?is problem has be5 devot$ e res\rce kn[n to ,education1 ,legislation1 ,ecclesia/icism & ,jurisprud5ce4 ,?is condition fur!r is complicat$ by a peculi> outgr[? ( necess>y exp$i5ts1 always m or less un/able1 due to t falsity ( premise 9 :i* words d n agree ) acts4 ,( ^! exp$i5ts ! mo/ incongru\s is ! arm+ & tra9+ ( ! *ildr5 ( ! mob = ! protection ( ! upp] /ratum2 & t peculi> m5tal insuffici5cy ( hoi polloi1 :]eby x ev] is induc$ to accept z its lead]s ! sons ( ! ,patrician class4 ,t a social /ructure f\nd$ ^u su* anomalies %\ld endure1 con/itutes 9 itself ! real ,n9e ,wond]s ( ! ,_w2 & is pro( ( t m>vell\s +5uity ) :i* ! ,h\se ( ,h pr(its by ! *ronic pr$eliction ( ! ,h\se ( ,want to fritt] away "t & opportunity1 fe$+ on va9 hope4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! advantage 9 ,numb]s consi/s 9 hav+ 9 ! aggregate m ,corps d'armee ?an has ! adv]s>y4 ,all b5efit to be d]iv$ f ! advantage 9 ,numb]s is limit$ to ! active & sci5tific use ( e corp d'armee2 o!rwise excess ( ,numb]s1 n only is ( no avail1 b easily may deg5]ate into fatal disadvantage by imp$+ ! decisive action ( o!r k9dr$ corps4 ,says ,napoleon3 8,x is only ! troops br\ght into action1 t avails 9 battles & campaigns--! re/ does n c\nt40 ,a loss 9 ,numb]s at *ess-play occurs only :5 two pieces are lo/ = "o1 or ?ree = two1 or "o = none1 & ! l4 ,no dim9ution 9 aggregate ( =ce c take place on ! ,*ess-bo>d1 s long z ! numb] ( ! oppos+ pieces are equal4 ,?is is true al?\gh all ! pieces on "o side are ,que5s & ^? ( ! o!r side all ,pawns4 ,! reason = ?is is3 ,all ! ,*ess-pieces are equal 9 /r5g?1 "o to ! o!r4 ,! ,pawn c ov]?r[ & capture any piece--! ,que5 c d no m4 ,t is to say1 at its turn to move1 any piece c capture any adv]se piece2 & ?is is all t any piece c d4 ,x is true t ! ,que51 on its turn to move1 has a maximum option ( tw5ty-sev5 squ>es1 :ile ! ,pawn's maximum nev] is m ?an ?ree4 ,b z ! p[] ( ! ,que5 c be ex]t$ only ^u "o po9t1 obvi\sly1 h] obs]vation ( ! rema9+ tw5ty-six po9ts is m]ely a manife/ation ( mobility1 & h] display ( =ce is limit$ to a s+le squ>e4 ,h5ce1 ! result 9 ea* case is id5tical1 & ! display ( =ce equal4 ,! relative advantage 9 ,numb]s possess$ by "o army ov] an oppos+ army always c be det]m9$ by ! foll[+1 viz43 ,,rule ,t army :i* conta9s m ,corps d'armee ?an an oppos+ army has ! relative advantage 9 ,numb]s4 8,) ! inf]iority 9 ,numb]s1 "o mu/ dep5d m ^u conduct & contrivance ?an ^u /r5g?40--,caes>4 ,,milit>y ,,examples 8,he :o has ! advantage 9 ,numb]s1 if he be n a blockhead1 incessantly w di/ract 8 enemy by deta*m5ts1 aga9/ all ( :i* x is impossible to provide a rem$y40--,fr$]ic ! ,great4 99 99 99 99 99 8,he t ha? ! advantage 9 ,numb]s usually %\ld ex*ange pieces freely1 because ! few] t rema9 ! m readily are !y oppress$ by a sup]ior =ce40--,dal ,rio4 ,at ,?ymbra1 ,cyrus ! ,great1 k+ ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 ) #aj1jjj horse cuirassi]s1 #bj1jjj heavy infantry1 #cjj *>iots & #aff1jjj light troops1 conqu]$ ,croesus1 ,k+ ( ,assyria ^: army consi/$ ( #cfj1jjj infantry & #fj1jjj cavalry4 ,?is victory made ,p]sia dom9ant 9 ,asia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,m>a?on1 #aj1jjj ,a!nian & #a1jjj ,plataean heavy infantry1 r\t$ #aaj1jjj ,m$es & ,p]sians4 ,?is victory av]t$ ! ov]?r[ ( ,grecian civilization by ,asiatic b>b>ism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,leuctra1 ,epam9ondas1 g5]al ( ! ,!bans1 ) #fjjj heavy infantry & #djj heavy horse1 r\t$ ! ,lac$aemonean army1 compos$ ( #bb1jjj ( ! brave/ & mo/ skillful soldi]s ( ! kn[n _w1 & ext+ui%$ ! milit>y asc5d5cy :i* = c5turies ,sp>ta _h ex]cis$ ov] ! ,grecian commonweal?s4 ,at ,issus1 ,alex&] ! ,great ) #dj1jjj heavy infantry & #g1jjj heavy cavalry de/roy$ ! army ( ,d>ius ,codomannus1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia1 :i* consi/$ ( #a1jjj1jjj infantry1 #dj1jjj cavalry1 #bjj *>iots & #ae elephants4 ,?is battle1 9 :i* :ite m5 enc\nt]$ elephants = ! fir/ "t1 e/abli%$ ! milit>y supremacy ( ,europe ov] ,asia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,alex&] ! ,great invad$ ,asia 7,may1 #ccd ,b4,c47 ^: armies aggregat$ #c1jjj1jjj m5 tra9$ to w>2 ) #cj1jjj heavy infantry1 #djjj heavy cavalry1 #bbe1jjj doll>s 9 money & ?irty days' provisions4 ,at ,arbela1 ,alex&] ! ,great ) #de1jjj heavy infantry & #h1jjj heavy horse1 annihilat$ ! la/ res\rces ( ,d>ius & r$uc$ ,p]sia to a ,greek prov9ce4 ,! ,p]sian army consi/$ ( ab\t #fjj1jjj infantry & cavalry1 ( :om #cjj1jjj 7 kill$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hannibal began 8 m>* f ,spa9 7#bah ,b4,c47 to invade ! ,roman commonweal?1 ) #ij1jjj heavy infantry & #ab1jjj heavy cavalry4 ,he arriv$ at ,ao/a 9 ,octob] 7#bah ,b4,c47 ) only #bj1jjj infantry & #f1jjj cavalry to enc\nt] a ,/ate t c\ld put into ! field #gjj1jjj ( ! brave/ & mo/ skillful soldi]s !n alive4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,cannae1 ,hannibal de/roy$ ! f9e/ army ,rome ev] put 9 ! field4 ,out ( #ij1jjj ( ! fl[] ( ! commonweal? only ab\t #c1jjj escap$4 ,! ,c>?ag5ian army consi/$ ( #dj1jjj heavy infantry & #aj1jjj heavy cavalry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,alesia1 7#ea ,b4,c47 ,caes> complet$ ! subjugation ( ,gaul1 by de/roy+ 9 detail two ho/ile armies aggregat+ #dgj1jjj m54 ,! ,roman army consi/$ ( #dc1jjj heavy infantry1 #aj1jjj heavy cavalry & #aj1jjj light cavalry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,ph>saleus1 7#dh ,b4,c47 ,caes> ) #bb1jjj ,roman vet]ans r\t$ #de1jjj soldi]s "u ,pompey & acquir$ ! *ief place 9 ! ,roman /ate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,angora1 7#adjb7 ,tam]lane1 ) #a1djj1jjj ,asiatics1 de/roy$ ! ,turki% army ( #ijj1jjj m51 comm&$ by ! ,ottoman ,sultan ,bajazet1 9 ! mo/ /up5d\s battle ( au!ntic record4 ,aft] giv+ 8 f9al in/ructions to 8 (fic]s1 ,tam]lane1 x is record$1 betook himself to 8 t5t & play$ at ,*ess until ! crisis ( ! battle arriv$1 :]eupon he proce$$ to ! decisive po9t & 9 p]son direct$ ^? evolutions :i* result$ 9 ! de/ruction ( ! ,ottoman army4 ,! assumption t ! great ,asiatic w>rior 0 play+ at ,*ess dur+ ! e>li] "p ( ! battle ( ,angora1 und\bt$ly is errone\s4 ,mo/ probably he foll[$ ! progress ( ! conflict by po/+ *ess-pieces ^u ! ,*essbo>d & mov+ ^! accord+ to reports s5t him mom5t>ily by 8 lieut5ants4 ,obvi\sly1 9 ! days :5 ! field telegraphy & telephone 7 unkn[n1 su* me?od 0 entirely feasible & satisfactory to ! ,ma/] ( ,/rategetics & f> sup]ior to any attempt to ov]look su* a confus$ & complicat$ conc\rse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,bannockburne 7,june #bd1 #acad71 ,rob]t ,bruce1 ,k+ ( ,scotl&1 ) #cj1jjj ,scots annihilat$ ! l>ge/ army t ,engl& ev] put ^u a battlefield4 ,?is army 0 l$ by ,edw>d ,,ii & consi/$ ( ov] #ajj1jjj ( ! fl[] ( ,engl&'s nobility1 g5try & yeomanry4 ,! victory e/abli%$ ! indep5d5ce ( ,scotl& & co/ ,engl& #cj1jjj troops1 :i* c\ld n be replac$ 9 t g5]ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,gu/avus ,adolphus invad$ ,g]many ) an army ( #bg1jjj m51 ov] "o-half ( :om 7 ,scots & ,engli%4 ,at t "t ! ,ca?olic armies 9 ! field aggregat$ sev]al hundr$ ?\s& tra9$ & h>d5$ soldi]s1 l$ by brave & able g5]als4 ,at ,leipsic1 aft] #bj1jjj ,saxon allies _h fl$ f ! battlefield1 ,gu/avus ,adolphus ) #bb1jjj ,sw$es1 ,scots & ,engli% r\t$ #dd1jjj ( ! be/ troops ( ! day1 comm&$ by ,g54 ,tilly4 ,?is victory deliv]$ ! ,prote/ant pr9ces ( ,cont95tal ,europe f ,ca?olic dom9ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,z5?a 7,sept4 #aa1 #afig71 ,pr9ce ,eug5e ) #fj1jjj ,au/rians r\t$ #aej1jjj ,turks1 comm&$ by ! ,sultan ,k>a-,mu/apha1 ) ! loss ( #ch1jjj kill$1 #d1jjj prison]s & #afj cannon4 ,?is victory e/abli%$ ! milit>y reputation ( ?is celebrat$ ,fr5* ,g5]al4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,tur9 7,sept4 #g1 #agjf7 ,pr9ce ,eug5e ) #cj1jjj ,au/rians r\t$ #hj1jjj ,fr5* "u ! ,duke ( ,orleans4 ,g54 ,daun1 ^: brilliant evolutions decid$ ! battle1 aft]w>d1 z ,field-,m>%al ( ! ,au/rian armies1 0 r\t$ by ,fr$]ic ! ,great at ,leu!rn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,pet]w>ad9 7,aug4 #e1 #agaf7 ,pr9ce ,eug5e ) #fj1jjj ,au/rians de/roy$ #aej1jjj ,turks4 ,?is victory deliv]$ ,europe = all "t f ! m5ace ( ,mahometan dom9ion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,belgrade 7,aug4 #bf1 #agag7 ,pr9ce ,eug5e ) #ee1jjj ,au/rians de/roy$ a ,turki% army ( #bjj1jjj m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,rosba* 7,nov4 #e1 #ageg7 ,fr$]ic ! ,great ) #bb1jjj ,prussians1 9 op5 field1 de/roy$ a ,fr5* army ( #gj1jjj regul>s comm&$ by ! ,pr9ce de ,s\bisse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,leu!rn 7,dec4 #e1 #ageg7 ,fr$]ic ! ,great ) #cc1jjj ,prussians de/roy$ 9 op5 field1 an ,au/rian army ( #ic1jjj regul>s1 comm&$ by ,field-,m>%al ,daun4 ,! ,au/rians lo/ #ed1jjj m5 & #bjj cannon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,zorndorf 7,aug4 #be1 #ageh7 ,fr$]ic ! ,great ) #de1jjj ,prussians de/roy$ a ,russian army ( #fj1jjj m5 comm&$ by ,field-,m>%al ,f]mor4 ,! ,russians left #ah1jjj m5 dead on ! field4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,leignitz 7,aug4 #ae1 #agfj7 ,fr$]ic ! ,great ) #cj1jjj m5 out-manoeuvr$1 defeat$ ) ! loss ( #aj1jjj m5 & escap$ f ! comb9$ ,au/rian & ,russian armies aggregat+ #acj1jjj m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,torgau 7,nov4 #e1 #agfj7 ,fr$]ic ! ,great ) #de1jjj ,prussians de/roy$ an ,au/rian army ( #ij1jjj m51 comm&$ by ,field-,m>%al ,daun4 99 99 99 99 99 ,wa%+ton1 ) #g1jjj ,am]icans1 :ile pursu$ by #bj1jjj ,briti% & ,hessians "u ,"l ,cornwallis1 captur$ a ,hessian advance column at ,tr5ton 7,dec4 #be1 #aggf7 & de/roy$ a ,briti% deta*m5t at ,pr9ceton1 7,jan4 #c1 #aggg74 99 99 99 99 99 ,bonap>te1 ) #cj1jjj infantry1 #c1jjj cavalry & #dj cannon1 invad$ ,italy1 7,m>* #bf1 #agif7 :i* 0 def5d$ by #ajj1jjj ,pi$montese & ,au/rian regul>s "u ,g5]als ,colli & ,beaulieu4 ,9 fifte5 days he _h captur$ ! =m]1 driv5 ! latt] to 8 own c\ntry & compell$ ,pi$mont to sign a treaty ( peace & alliance ) ,france4 ,at ,ca/iglione1 ,arcole1 ,bassano & ,rivoli1 ) an army n exce$+ #dj1jjj m5 ,bonap>te de/roy$ f\r ,au/rian armies1 ea* aggregat+ ab\t #ajj1jjj m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,wagram1 ,napoleon1 ) less ?an #ajj1jjj m51 ov]?rew ! ma9 ,au/rian army ( #aej1jjj m51 foil$ ! attempts at succor ( ! second>y ,au/rian army ( #dj1jjj m51 & compell$ ,au/ria to accept peace ) ,france4 ,9 ! campaign ( #ahad1 ,napoleon1 ) nev] m ?an #gj1jjj m51 twice repuls$ f ! walls ( ,p>is & drove backw>d ne>ly to ! ,rh9e ,riv] an alli$ army ( ne>ly #cjj1jjj ,au/rians1 ,prussians & ,russians4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! ye> #dhj ,b4,c41 ,x]xes1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia1 invad$ ,greece ) an army1 :i* by ,h]odotus1 ,plut>* & ,isocrates1 is e/imat$ at #b1fda1faj m5 at arms & exclusive ( s]vants1 butl]s1 wom5 & camp foll[]s4 ,arriv+ at ! ,pass ( ,!rmopolae1 ! m>* ( ! invad]s 0 arre/$ by ,leonidas1 ,k+ ( ,sp>ta1 ) an army made up ( #cjj ,sp>tans1 #djj ,!bans1 #gjj ,!spians1 #a1jjj ,phocians & #c1jjj f v>i\s ,grecian ,/ates1 po/$ beh9d a b>ricade built across ! entrance4 ,?is celebrat$ defile is ab\t a mile 9 l5g?4 ,x runs betwe5 ,m\nt ,oeta & an impassible morass1 :i* =ms ! edge ( ! ,gulf ( ,malia & at ea* end is s n>r[ t a wagon c b>ely pass4 ,x]xes at once s5t a h]ald :o dem&$ ( ! ,grecians ! surr5d] ( _! arms1 to :i* ,leonidas repli$3 8,come & take !m40 ,on ! fif? day ! ,p]sian army attack$1 b 0 unable to =ce an entrance into ! pass4 ,on ! six? day ! ,p]sian ,immortals likewise 7 repuls$1 & on ! sev5? day ^! troops aga9 fail$4 ,t night ,ephialtes1 a ,malian1 in=m$ ,x]xes ( a foot pa? ar\nd ! m\nta9s to ! we/w>d1 & a ,p]sian deta*m5t 0 s5t by a night m>* en surprise aga9/ ! ,grecian re>4 ,on ! approa* ( ?is ho/ile body1 ! ,phocians1 :o _h be5 detail$ by ,leonidas to gu>d ?is pa?1 ab&on$ _! po/ )\t fight+ & fl$ to ! summit ( ! m\nta9s1 leav+ ! way op5 to ! enemy1 :o1 wa/+ no "t 9 pursuit1 at once m>*$ aga9/ ! re> ( ! ,grecian position4 ,at ! comm& ( ,leonidas1 all 8 allies1 ) ! exception ( ! #gjj ,!spians1 :o refus$ to leave him1 ab&on$ ,!rmopolae 9 ha/e & return$ safely to _! own c\ntries4 ,x]xes wait$ until day 0 well advanc$ & 8 deta*m5t _h tak5 po/ ^u ! ,grecian re>4 ,!n bo? ,p]sian columns attack$ simultane\sly4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is f9al conflict 0 f\ght outside & to ! nor? ( ! b>ricade4 ,leonidas be+ sla9 & _! numb]s r$uc$ ov] half1 ! rema9+ ,greeks retir$ beh9d ! b>ricade & took po/ ^u a slight elevation1 :]e "o aft] ano!r !y 7 kill$ by arr[s & javel9s4 ,! f\r days ( fight+ co/ ! ,p]sians ov] #bj1jjj ( _! be/ troops4 ,^u ! summit ( ! hill :]e ! ,sp>tans p]i%$ a m>ble lion 0 erect$1 be>+ ! inscription3 8,g tell ! ,lac$ymonians1 ,o1 ,/rang]1 ,t we di$ "h 9 ob$i5ce to ! law40 ,a second inscription engrav$ ^u a /one column erect$ ^u ! sc5e ( conflict read3 8,^u ?is spot f\r ?\s& ,pelleponesians cont5d$ aga9/ ?ree hundr$ myriads40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! l>ge/ army comm&$ by ,epam9ondas 0 ab\t #gj1jjj m54 ,alex&] ! ,great1 aft] ,arbela1 _h #ace1jjj tra9$ troops4 ,hannibal nev] l$ m ?an #fj1jjj m5 9 action1 nor ,caes> m ?an #hj1jjj4 ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 j be=e ,lutz51 m>%all$ #ge1jjj ( ! be/ soldi]s 9 ! _w "u ! bann]s ( ,prote/antism4 ,tur5ne nev] f\ght ) m ?an #dj1jjj troops2 ,pr9ce ,eug5e (t5 _h #aej1jjj 9 h&1 & ,fr$]ic ! ,great sev]al times comm&$ #bjj1jjj m54 ,at ,yorkt[n1 ,wa%+ton _h #af1jjj ,cont95tals1 #f1jjj ,fr5* regul>s & #ah1jjj ,prov9cial volunte]s3 ,napoleon's l>ge/ army1 t ( ! ,au/]litz campaign1 consi/$ ( #ahj1jjj m51 :ile von ,moltke p]sonally direct$ at ,sad[a1 #bej1jjj m52 at ,gravelotte1 #baa1jjj m5 & at ,s$an1 #bjj1jjj m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]fection 9 ,numb]s is atta9$ :5ev] ! k9dr$ army has ! mo/ troops 9 ! !atre ( decisive action4 ,,"t 8,y lose ! "t = action 9 frivol\s delib]ations4 ,y\r g5]als in/ead ( appe>+ at ! head ( y\r armies1 p>ade 9 processions & add spl5dor to public c]emonies4 ,y\r armies are compos$ ( m]c5>ies1 ! dregs ( =eign nations1 vile robb]s1 a t]ror only to y\rselves & y\r allies4 ,indecision & confusion prevail 9 y\r c\nsels2 y\r projects h nei!r plan nor =esight4 ,y are ! slaves ( circum/ance & opportunities cont9ually escape y4 ,y hurry aimlessly hi!r & ?i!r & arrive only 9 "t to witness ! success ( y\r enemy40--,demo/h5es4 ,,"t 8,t greate/ ( all advantages--,,"t60--,fr$]ic ! ,great4 99 99 99 99 99 8,ask me = any?+ except--,,"t40--,napoleon4 99 99 99 99 99 8,"t is ! cradle ( hope1 ! grave ( ambition1 ! solit>y c\nsel ( ! wise & ! /]n corrector ( fools4 ,wisdom walks be=e x1 opportunities ) x & rep5tance beh9d x4 ,he t ha? made x 8 fri5d ha? no?+ to fe> f 8 enemies1 b he t ha? made x 8 enemy ha? little to hope ev5 f 8 fri5ds40--,anon4 ,! absolute advantage ( ,"t consi/s 9 be+ able to move :ile ! adv]s>y mu/ rema9 /ation>y4 ,! condition$ advantage 9 ,"t i4e41 ! ,initiative1 consi/s 9 artificially re/rict+ ! adv]se ability to move4 ,advantage 9 ,"t is divid$ into two classes3 ,i4 ,! ,initiative4 ,,ii4 ,absolute4 ,! ,initiative treats ( re/rictions to ! movem5ts ( an army1 due to ! necessity ( support+1 cov]+ or su/a9+ ,po9ts or corps d'armee1 m5ac$ ) capture by adv]se corps (f5sive4 ,! absolute advantage 9 ,"t is ! ability to move1 :ile ! adv]se army mu/ rema9 immovable4 ,:5ev] ! "r to move is unre/rict$1 any desir$ ,piece may be mov$ to any desir$ ,po9t4 ,b :5ev] ! "r to move is re/rict$ x foll[s t ! ,piece desir$ _c be mov$2 or1 t if mov$ x _c be mov$ to ! desir$ ,po9t2 or1 t a piece n desir$1 mu/ be mov$ & usually to a ,po9t n desir$4 ,su* re/rictions ( ! "r to move1 quickly produce fatal defects 9 ! k9dr$ ,=mation2 & f ! fact t su* fatal defects 9 ,=mation c be produc$ by re/rict+ ! "r to move1 arises ! ine/imable value ( ! advantage 9 ,"t4 ,p]fection 9 ,"t is atta9$ :5ev] ! k9dr$ army is able to move :ile ! ho/ile army mu/ rema9 /ation>y4 ,! object ( ! active or absolute advantage 9 ,"t always is to rema9 ) ! ,initiative1 or ,passive ,advantage 9 ,"t2 :i* consi/s 9 op]at+ by ! movem5t made1 su* m5aces1 z compel ! enemy3 #a4 ,to move corps d'armee :i* he o!rwise w\ld n move & #b4 ,prev5ts him f mov+ corps d'armee :i* he o!rwise w\ld move4 ,,pr9ciple ,giv5 sup]ior brute /r5g? & no matt] h[ blund]+ly & clumsily x be direct$1 x always w end by accompli%+ its purpose1 unless x is oppos$ by ,skill4 ,skill is be/ manife/$ by ! prop] use ( ,"t4 ,su* ability is acquir$ only ?r\gh /udy & exp]i5ce1 guid$ by reflection1 & x c be reta9$ only by sy/ematic & unremitt+ practice4 ,mo/ p imag9e t ,skill is to be atta9$ m]ely f /udy2 _m believe x b ! natural & necess>y (f%oot ( long exp]i5ce2 & !re are "s ( ! op9ion t dilettante dabbl+ 9 book lore is an all-suffici5t sub/itute = t su/a9$ & labori\s m5tal & physical ef=t1 :i* alone c make p]fect 9 ! competitive arts4 ,only by employ+ 8 leisure 9 reflection ^u ! ev5ts ( ! ,pa/ c "o get to und]/& ^? ?+s :i* make = success 9 ,w>f>e & 9 ,*essplay1 & develop t all-ess5tial ability to detect equival5ts 9 any situation4 ,= 9 action !re is no "t = su* reflection1 mu* less = developm5t4 ,!n1 mom5ts ( value ine/imable = ! a*iev+ ( results are n to be wa/$ 9 ! weigh+ & comp>ison ( ?+s1 ^: relative importance %\ld be disc]n$ 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 by reason ( prior famili>ity ) simil> conditions4 ,! relative advantage 9 "t possess$ by "o army ov] an oppos+ army always c be det]m9$ by ! foll[+1 viz43 ,,rule #a4 ,t army :i* is 9 motion :ile ! oppos+ army mu/ rema9 /ation>y has ! absolute advantage 9 ,"t4 #b4 ,t army :i* al?\gh at re/ c dictate ! movem5t ( an oppos+ army 9 motion has ! condition$ advantage 9 ,"t1 i4e41 ! ,initiative4 99 99 99 99 99 8,"o may lose m by lett+ slip a decisive opportunity ?an aft]w>ds c be ga9$ by t5 battles40--,gu/avus ,adolphus4 8,x is ! exact mom5t t mu/ be seiz$2 "o m9ute too soon or too late & ! movem5t is utt]ly futile40--,napoleon4 ,,milit>y ,,examples 8,! movem5ts ( an army %\ld be *>act]iz$ by decision & rapidity40--,hannibal4 99 99 99 99 99 8,9 ord] to escape f a dilemma x fir/ ( all is necess>y to ga9 ,"t40--,napoleon4 ,!bes hav+ revolt$1 ,alex&] ! ,great m>*$ #djj miles 9 f\rte5 days2 attack$ & captur$ ! city & raz$ x to ! gr\nd 7#cce ,b4,c47 sp>+ only ! h\se & family ( ,p9d>1 ! poet2 massacr$ all males capable ( be>+ arms & sold #cj1jjj wom5 & *ildr5 into slav]y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ga9 "t to occupy ! ,/rategic c5t] & to cut ! communications ) ,rome ( ! army ( ! ,consul ,flam9ius1 ,hannibal m>*$ 8 army = ?ree days & nights ?r\gh ! m>%es ( ! ,po4 99 99 99 99 99 ,caes> m>*$ f ,rome to ,si]ra-,mod5a 9 ,spa91 a di/ance ( #acej miles 9 tw5ty-?ree days4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fr$]ic ! ,great 9 ord] to ga9 "t usually m>*$ at midnight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bonap>te f9i%$ 8 fir/ ,italian campaign by w9n+ ! battles ( ,/4 ,mi*aels1 ,rivoli & ,mantua1 m>*+ #bjj miles & tak+ #bj1jjj prison]s1 all 9 less ?an f\r days4 ,9 #ahje1 ! ,fr5* infantry 9 ! manoeuvres :i* captur$ #fj1jjj ,au/rians1 m>*$ f #be to #cj miles a day4 ,9 #ahjf ! ,fr5* infantry pursu$ ! ,prussians at ! same spe$4 ,9 #ahad1 ,napoleon's army m>*$ at ! rate ( #cj miles p] day1 besides fight+ a battle e #bd h\rs4 ,retrograd+ = ! succor ( ,p>is1 ,napoleon m>*$ #ge miles 9 ?irty-six h\rs4 ,on ! return f ,elba1 #ahae1 ! ,imp]ial ,gu>d m>*$ #ej miles ! fir/ day1 #bjj miles 9 six days & rea*$ ,p>is1 a di/ance ( #fjj miles1 9 tw5ty days4 99 99 99 99 99 8,! fate ( a battle always is decid$ by ! lack ( ! few m9utes requir$ to br+ sep>at$ bodies ( troops into co-op]ation40--,napoleon4 ,,position ,,position 8,w> is a bus9ess ( position40--,napoleon4 ,by ! t]m ,position is signifi$ ^? relative advantages & disadvantages 9 location1 :i* app]ta9 to ! aggregate po/s occupi$ by ! k9dr$ army1 z comp>$ ) ! aggregate po/s occupi$ by ! adv]se army4 ,advantages & disadvantages 9 ,position are ( ?ree classes1 viz43 7a7 ,^? :i* app]ta9 to ! ,column ( ,attack 7b7 ,^? :i* app]ta9 to ! ,column ( ,support4 7c7 ,^? :i* app]ta9 to ! ,column ( ,manoeuvre4 ,,/rategetic ,,situations ,a ,/rategic ,situation1 & :e!r 9 w>f>e or 9 ,*ess-play1 is produc$ by ! pres5ce1 9 any ,/rategetic ,plane1 i4e41 !atre ( conflict1 ( two or m oppos+ ,/rategetic ,entireties1 i4e41 cont5d+ armies4 ,^! latt] are ( f\r classifications & are d5om9at$ z foll[s3 7a7 ,! ,k9dr$ ,det]m9ate ,=ce4 7b7 ,! ,adv]se ,det]m9ate ,=ce4 7c7 ,! ,k9dr$ ,hypo!tical ,=ce4 7d7 ,! ,adv]se ,hypo!tical ,=ce4 ,,rule ,i ,giv5 ! ,/rategetic ,entireties pres5t 9 a giv5 ,/rategetic ,situation1 designate ! oppos+ ,prime ,/rategetic ,factors & express ! relative values ( ea* 9 ! t]ms ( ! ,/rategic ,syllogism4 ,,! ,,/rategic ,,syllogism ,hav+ classifi$ ! exi/+ ,/rategetic ,situation1 x is necess>y next to designate ! oppos+ ,columns ( ,attack1 ( ,support1 & ( ,manoeuvre4 ,!n1 by comp>+ ^! ,prime ,/rategetic ,factors1 to det]m9e ! net advantage1 disadvantage1 or equality t exi/ betwe5 !m & to express ?is condition 9 ! t]ms ( ! result+ ,/rategic ,syllogism4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( a ,/rategic ,syllogism1 ! ,/rategic1 i4e41 ! positional value ( ea* ( ! oppos+ ,prime ,/rategetic ,factors conta9$ 9 a giv5 ,/rategetic ,situation1 is express$ 9 t]ms made up ( lett]s & symbols1 viz41 ,a ,signifies ,column ( ,attack4 ,s 0 ,column ( ,support4 ,m 0 ,column ( ,manoeuvre4 0 ,advantage 9 ,position4 - 0 ,disadvantage 9 ,position4 0 ,equality 9 ,position4 ,! positional values ( ! sev]al ,prime ,/rategetic ,factors are obta9$ z foll[s3 ,,column ,,( ,,attack ,t ,column ( ,attack :i* is po/$ ^u ! sup]ior ,/rategic front z comp>$ to ! front occupi$ by ! imm$iately oppos+ =mation 7cf1 ,gr& ,tactics1 pp4 #aag to #bge71 has ! advantage 9 position4 ,?is relative advantage & disadvantage 9 position ( ! ,column ( ,attack is express$ by ! fir/ t]m ( ! ,/rategic ,syllogism1 viz43 7,i47 ,a ---- -,a or 7,,ii47 -,a ----- ,a ,9 ! fir/ in/ance 7,i71 ! ,:ite ,column ( ,attack has ! advantage & ! ,black =mation has ! disadvantage2 9 ! second case 7,,ii71 ?is condition is rev]s$4 ,,column ,,( ,,support ,a ,column ( ,support has ! sup]iority 9 position1 z comp>$ ) ! adv]se ,column ( ,support1 :5ev] x conta9s m ?an ! latt] ( ! foll[+ advantages1 viz43 ,i4 ,"o1 or m1 ,pass$ ,pawns4 ,,ii4 ,two unit$ ,pawns1 ov]lapp+ an adv]se ,pawn4 ,,iii4 ,two isolat$ ,pawns adjac5t to a s+le adv]se ,pawn4 ,,iv4 ,?ree1 or m1 unit$ ,pawns at _! fif? squ>es1 oppos$ by a l numb] ( adv]se ,pawns po/$ on _! ,normal ,base ,l9e4 ,v4 ,a majority ( k9dr$ ,pawns on t side ( ! ,bo>d f>!/ f ! adv]se ,k+4 ,! relative advantage & disadvantage ( "o ,column ( ,support1 ov] ! oppos+ ,column ( ,support1 is express$ by ! second t]m ( ! ,/rategic ,syllogism1 ?us3 7,i47 ,s ---- -,s or 7,,ii47 -,s ----- ,s ,9 ! fir/ case 7,i71 ,:ite has ! advantage & ,black has ! disadvantage4 ,9 ! second case 7,,ii71 ?is condition is rev]s$4 ,,column ,,( ,,manoeuvre ,columns ( ,manoeuvre are n comp>$ ) ea* o!r4 ,! advantage ( "o ov] ano!r is det]m9$ by comp>+ _! respective p[]s ( resi/ance to ! attack ( ! correspond+ adv]se ,columns ( ,support4 ,t ,column ( ,manoeuvre :i* longe/ c deb> ! adv]se promotable ,factors f occupy+ a po9t ( junction on ! k9dr$ ,/rategetic ,re>1 has ! advantage4 ,! relative advantage & disadvantage ( ! column ( ,manoeuvre is express$ by ! ?ird t]m ( ! ,/rategic ,syllogism1 viz43 7,i47 ,m ---- -,m or 7,,ii47 -,m ----- ,m ,9 ! fir/ case 7,i71 ,:ite1 has ! advantage & ,black ! disadvantage4 ,9 ! second case 7,,ii71 ?is condition is rev]s$4 ,9 record+ ! values ( ! oppos+ ,prime ,/rategetic ,factors1 ! t]ms relat+ to ,:ite are writt5 above & ^? relat+ to ,black1 bel[ ! l9e4 ,! t]ms express+ ! relative values ( ! ,columns ( ,attack always are plac$ at ! left2 ^? = ! ,columns ( ,support 9 ! c5t]1 & ^? = ! ,columns ( ,manoeuvre at ! "r4 ,! ,/rategic ,syllogisms are tw5ty-sev5 9 numb] & are =mulat$1 viz43 ,,table ,,( ,,/rategic ,,syllogisms ,no4 #a4 ,a,s,m ------ -,a-,s-,m ,no4 #b4 ,a,s,m ------ -,a-,s,m ,no4 #c4 ,a,s-,m ------ -,a-,s,m ,no4 #d4 ,a,s,m ------ -,a,s-,m ,no4 #e4 ,a,s,m ------ -,a,s,m ,no4 #f4 ,a,s-,m ------ -,a,s,m ,no4 #g4 ,a-,s,m ------ -,a,s-,m ,no4 #h4 ,a-,s,m ------ -,a,s,m ,no4 #i4 ,a-,s-,m ------ -,a,s,m ,no4 #aj4 ,a,s,m ------ ,a-,s-,m ,no4 #aa4 ,a,s,m ------ ,a-,s,m ,no4 #ab4 ,a,s-,m ------ ,a-,s,m ,no4 #ac4 ,a,s,m ------ ,a,s-,m ,no4 #ad4 ,a,s,m ------ ,a,s,m ,no4 #ae4 ,a,s-,m ------ ,a,s,m ,no4 #af4 ,a-,s,m ------ ,a,s-,m ,no4 #ag4 ,a-,s,m ------ ,a,s,m ,no4 #ah4 ,a-,s-,m ------ ,a,s,m ,no4 #ai4 -,a,s,m ------ ,a-,s-,m ,no4 #bj4 -,a,s,m ------ ,a-,s,m ,no4 #ba4 -,a,s-,m ------ ,a-,s,m ,no4 #bb4 -,a,s,m ------ ,a,s-,m ,no4 #bc4 -,a,s,m ------ ,a,s,m ,no4 #bd4 -,a,s-,m ------ ,a,s,m ,no4 #be4 -,a-,s,m ------ ,a,s-,m ,no4 #bf4 -,a-,s,m ------ ,a,s,m ,no4 #bg4 -,a-,s-,m ------ ,a,s,m ,,/rategic ,,elem5tals4 ,ea* ( ! t]ms conta9$ 9 ! ,/rategic ,syllogism %\ld h its c\nt]p>t 9 a tangible & compet5t mass ( troops4 ,?is pr9ciple ( ,/rategetics1 :5 appli$ to w>f>e1 is absolute1 & admits ( no exception4 ,! cata/rophies su/a9$ by ! ,fr5* armies 9 ! campaigns ( #ahab1 #ahac1 #ahad & #ahae are ea* & e "o directly due to ! p]si/5t violation by ,napoleon ( ?is basic tru?1 9 devolv+ ! duties ( a column ( support & a column ( manoeuvre ^u a s+le ,/rategic ,elem5tal4 ,9 solemn contra/ to t fatal & indef5sible ra%ness :i* co/ ,napoleon five great armies & ultimately 8 cr[n1 is ! dictum by "o ^: transc5d5t success 9 w>f>e1 is ! anti!sis ( ! utt] ru9ation :i* t]m9at$ ! c>e] ( ! fam\s ,corsican4 ,says ,fr$]ic ! ,great3 8,i adh]e to ^? univ]sal laws :i* all ! elem5ts obey2 ^!1 = me are suffici5t40 ,s+ul>ly en\gh1 x seem+ly has escap$ ! notice ( ! great 9 w>f>e1 ow+ to ! subtle ma!matical con/ruction ( ! ,*ess-bo>d1 its peculi> relations to ! moves ( ! ,*ess-pieces1 & ( ! latt] to ea* o!r1 t3 ,,pr9ciple ,i4 ,! functions ( all ?ree t]ms conta9$ 9 a ,/rategic ,syllogism may be comb9$ 9 a s+le *ess ,pawn1 &1 t3 ,,ii4 ,all ?ree functions are contemplat$ 9 & %\ld be express$ by e movem5t ( e ,*ess-piece2 & e move ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d is weak & unsci5tific1 to ! ext5t t x disreg>ds ei!r ( ^! obligations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^? advantages 9 position1 :i* are d5ot$ by ! plus signs ( ! ,/rategic ,syllogism1 h _! mat]ial manife/ation ^u ! surface ( ! e>? by ,corps d'armee1 & by ,pieces :i* are equival5ts ( ^! latt]1 ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d4 ,! sign ,a 9 ! ,/rategic ,syllogism d5otes ! sup]ior ,/rategic ,front4 ,t po9t ^: occupation by a k9dr$ piece demon/rates su* sup]iority 9 position is t]m$ ! ,key ( ,position4 ,! k9dr$ ,corps occupy+ su* po9t con/itutes a ,corps en ,l9e1 & is t]m$ ! ,fir/ ,/rategic ,elem5tal4 ,! sign ,s 9 ! ,/rategic ,syllogism d5otes ! l>g] numb] ( pawn altitudes op5 to ! k9dr$ promotable factors4 ,^? po9ts occupi$ by su* k9dr$ promotable factors are t]m$ ,logi/ic ,orig9s4 ,! k9dr$ ,corps :i* occupy su* po9ts con/itute ,corps en ,r\te & collectively are t]m$ ! ,second ,/rategic ,elem5tal4 ,! objective ( ,corps en ,r\te always is ! ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,horizon4 ,! sign ,m 9 ! ,/rategic ,syllogism d5otes t ! %orte/ op5 pawn altitude is occupi$ by a k9dr$ promotable factor4 ,su* k9dr$ promotable factor is t]m$ ! ,corps en ,t\*1 & ! po9t occupi$ by su* ,corps is t]m$ ! ,po9t ( ,proximity4 ,! ,objective ( su* ,corps always is a designat$ ,po9t ( ,junction 9 ! ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,horizon1 & su* ,corps con/itutes ! ,?ird ,/rategic ,elem5tal4 ,9 ,w>f>e x is imp]ative t ea* ( ^! ,/rategic ,elem5tals be repres5t$ by "o or m ,corps d'armee4 ,b x is a second peculi>ity ( ! ,*essic me*anism t a s+le ,*essic ,corps d'armee may repres5t 9 itself1 "o1 two or ?ree ,/rategic ,elem5tals & ?us con/itute ev5 ! entire ,/rategic ,ensemble4 ,h5ce1 9 ,*ess play1 ! ,/rategic ,ensemble may be ei!r s+le1 d\ble1 or triple1 viz43 ,a ,s+le ,/rategic ,ensemble consi/s ei!r (3 7a7 #a4 ,major ,v]tex4 #b4 ,gr& ,v]tex4 7b7 ,logi/ic ,orig94 7c7 ,po9t ( ,proximity4 ,a ,d\ble ,/rategic ,ensemble consi/s ( ei!r3 7a7 #a4 ,major ,v]tex1 plus a ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,orig94 #b4 ,gr& ,v]tex1 plus a ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,orig94 7b7 #a4 ,major ,v]tex1 plus a ,k9dr$ ,po9t ( ,proximity4 #b4 ,gr& ,v]tex1 plus a ,k9dr$ ,po9t ( ,proximity4 7c7 ,logi/ic ,orig91 plus a ,k9dr$ ,po9t ( ,proximity4 ,a ,triple ,/rategic ,ensemble consi/s (3 #a4 ,major ,v]tex1 plus a ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,orig91 plus a ,k9dr$ ,po9t ( ,proximity4 #b4 ,gr& ,v]tex1 plus a ,k9dr$ ,po9t ( ,proximity1 plus a ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,orig94 ,,pr9ciple ,! relative positional advantage express$ by ! plus signs ( ! ,/rategic ,syllogism decreases z ! numb] ( plus signs 9 ! ,/rategic ,syllogism exce$s ! numb] ( correspond+ ,/rategic ,elem5tals4 ,failure to obs]ve ! amalgamation ( ! duties ( ! ?ree ,gr& ,columns 9 ea* & e move ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d1 & to note t ! tangible & mat]ial expression ( ^! p[]s & advantages may be express$ ei!r by ?ree1 by two1 or ev5 by a s+le ,*essic ,corps d'armee1 has caus$ d\bt ( ! exact analogy betwe5 ,*ess & ,w>2 & h5ce a l d\bt ( ! utility ( ,*ess-play4 ,recogniz+ ! tru? ( ! =ego+1 ! ,asiatic conqu]or1 ,tam]lane1 s\ght to rectify ?is discrepancy betwe5 ! me*anism ( ,*ess & t ( ,w>1 by increas+ ! size ( ! ,*ess-bo>d to "o hundr$ & =ty-f\r squ>es1 & ! numb] ( pieces to =ty-eight4 ,by ?is innovation ! geometric h>mony exi/+ betwe5 ! ,dynamic & ! ,/atic surfaces ( ! ,*ess-bo>d 0 de/roy$2 & ?is )\t sub/itut+ !re= ano!r l condition ( ma!matic p]fection4 ,ultimately1 ?is rem$y 0 ab&on$1 a fate :i* soon] or lat]1 has ov]tak5 all attempts to improve t sup]lative intellectual ex]cise ( :i* says ,voltaire3 8,( all games1 ,*ess does mo/ honor to ! human m9d40 ,! reason :y ! s*eme devis$ by ,tam]lane did n satisfy ev5 himself1 & :y all attempt$ alt]ations 9 ! ma*9]y ( ,*ess prove unacceptable 9 practice1 is due to ! pres5t p]fect adaptation ( ! ,bo>d & ! ,pieces = exemplify+ ! processes ( ,/rategetic ,art4 ,any *ange 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,*ess-bo>d & ! ,*ess-pieces1 to be effective1 mu/ l>gely increase ! numb] ( ,*essm51 correspond+ly increase ! numb] ( squ>es1 & equally s1 increase ! numb] ( moves p]mitt$ to ea* play] at 8 turn to play4 ,t is to say3 ,su* innovation to be correct mu/ p]mit ea* play] at 8 turn to play to move "o ( ! ,corps d'armee conta9$ 9 ! ,column ( ,attack1 a second 9 ! ,column ( ,support1 & a ?ird 9 ! ,column ( ,manoeuvre4 ,necess>ily1 ! numb] ( pieces mu/ be increas$ 9 ord] to provide ,corps d'armee = ! make-up ( ea* ,gr& ,column1 & obvi\sly1 ! ,bo>d mu/ be suffici5tly enl>g$ to accommodate n m]ely ?is increas$ mass1 b also to p]mit full scope = ! increas$ numb] ( possible movem5ts4 ,! /ud5t ?us readily w p]ceive1 t x is only "o /ep f su* an elaboration ( ,*ess1 to an army & ! !atre ( actual campaign+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]fection 9 ,position is atta9$ :5ev] ! k9dr$ army is act+ or is po/$ z a unit1 :ile ! ho/ile army is n s po/$ nor able s to act4 ,,milit>y ,,examples ,,column ,,( ,,attack 8,frontal attacks are to be avoid$1 & ! pref]5ce always is to be giv5 to ! assault ( a s+le w+1 ) y\r c5t] & rema9+ w+ held back2 because if y\r attack is successful y equally de/roy ! enemy )\t ! risk ( be+ r\t$ if y fail40--,fr$]ic ! ,great4 ,at ,leuctra & ,mant9ea1 ,epam9ondas won by ! oblique or ,/rategic ord] ( battle4 ,alex&] ! ,great won by ! same ord] at ,issus & ! ,haspades4 ,cyrus won at ,?ymbra & ,hannibal won at ,trebia1 ,?rasym5e1 ,cannae & ,h]donea1 by ! ?ree sides ( an octagon or envelop+ =mation4 ,caes> won by ! oblique ord] at ,ph>saleus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,gu/avus ,adolphus won at ,leipsic by act+ f ! ,tactical ,c5t] & ,tur5ne & ,pr9ce ,eug5e ga9$ _! victories by ! same means4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fr$]ic ! ,great won at ,hoh5fri$b]g1 ,sohr1 ,rosba*1 ,leu!rn1 ,zorndorf & ,leignitz by ! oblique ord] & at ,torgau by act+ f ! tactical c5t]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,wa%+ton won at ,tr5ton & ,pr9ceton act+ by ?ree contigu\s sides ( an octagon4 ,bonap>te won at ,mont5otte1 ,ca/iglione1 ,arcola1 ,rivoli1 ,ulm1 ,au/]litz1 ,j5a1 ,fri$l&1 ,wagram & ,ligny1 by act+ f ! tactical c5t]4 ,nev] did he attack by ! oblique ord] ( battle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,von ,moltke's victories all 7 won by act+ 9 /rict accord ) ! sy/em laid d[n = ! use ( ! ,prussian army by ,fr$]ic ! ,great4 ,,column ,,( ,,support ,! mo/ magnific5t illu/ration bo? ( ! prop] & ( ! improp] use ( ! ,column ( ,support is f\nd 9 t ,gr& ,op]ation execut$ by ! ,roman consuls1 ,claudius ,n]o & ,m>cus ,livius1 :]eby ! ,c>?ag5ian ,army "u ,hasdrubal 0 de/roy$ at ! riv] ,metaurus #bjg ,b4,c4 ,hannibal1 ) ! ma9 ,c>?ag5ian army1 po/$ 9 ! s\? ( ,italy ne> ,canusium1 0 obs]v$ by ,n]o & 8 troops2 :ile 9 ! we/1 ,hasdrubal1 obs]v$ by ,livius 0 sl[ly advanc+ s\?w>d to =m a junction ) 8 bro!r1 a mo/ unsci5tific proc$ure4 ,livius p]mitt$ ,hasdrubal to p5etrate into ,italy to a po9t a few miles s\? ( ! ,metaurus ,riv]2 :]eupon ,n]o1 tak+ #g1jjj ( 8 be/ troops1 by a rapid m>* ( #bjj miles unit$ ) ,livius2 & ! two consuls at once fall+ ^u ,hasdrubal utt]ly annihilat$ ! ,c>?ag5ian army4 ,n]o return$ at all spe$ & ! fir/ news ( 8 m>* & ( ! dea? bl[ to ! ,c>?ag5ian projects aga9/ ,rome 0 furni%$ by ! sight ( 8 bro!r's head1 :i* ,n]o ca/ into ,hannibal's camp f a milit>y ma*9e4 ,! true me?od = unit+ ! ,columns ( ,support to a ,column ( ,attack is ?us %[n by ,gu/avus ,adolphus3 8,we encamp$ ab\t ,nuremb]g ! middle ( ,june1 ! army aft] s _m deta*m5ts 0 n above #aa1jjj infantry & #h1jjj horse & dragoons4 ,! ,k+ po/$ 8 army 9 ! suburbs & drew intr5*m5ts ar\nd ! circumf]5ce s t he begirt ! :ole city ) 8 army4 ,8 works 7 l>ge1 ! dit* deep1 plank$ by innum]able ba/ions1 ravel9s1 horn-works1 =ts1 r$\bts1 batt]ies & palisades1 ! incessant labor ( #hjjj m5 = f\rte5 days4 8,on ! #cj? ( ,june ! ,imp]iali/s1 jo9$ to ! ,bav>ian army arriv$ & sat d[n #fj1jjj /rong1 betwe5 ! city & ! fri5dly /ates2 9 ord] to int]cept ! ,k+'s provisions & to />ve him out4 8,! ,k+ _h ?ree great deta*m5ts & sev]al small] ones1 act+ abroad1 r$uc+ to 8 p[] ! ca/les & t[ns ( ! adjac5t c\ntries & ^! he did n ha/5 to jo9 him until _! "w 0 done4 8,! two *ief armies _h n[ la9 = five or six weeks 9 sight ( ea* o!r & ! ,k+ ?9k+ all 0 ready1 ord]$ 8 g5]als to jo9 him4 ,gu/avus ,horn 0 on ! ,moselle1 ,*ancellor ,ox5/]n ab\t ,m5tz & ,cologne & ,dukes ,william & ,b]n>d & ,g54 ,bannia 9 ,bav>ia4 8,our fri5ds 7 n backw>d 9 obey+ ! ,k+'s comm&1 & hav+ drawn toge!r _! =ces f v>i\s p>ts & ,,all jo9$ ! *ancellor ,ox5/]n1 !y set out 9 full m>* = ,nuremburg1 :]e !y arriv$ ,aug4 #ba1 be+ #cj1jjj old soldi]s comm&$ by (fic]s ( ! greate/ conduct & exp]i5ce 9 ! _w40 99 99 99 99 99 ,only once1 at ! battle ( ,torgau1 7,nov4 #e1 #agfj7 did ,fr$]ick ! ,great rely ^u ! co-op]ation ( 8 ,columns ( ,support = victory4 ,z ! result1 8 ,column ( ,attack ( #be1jjj m5 f\ght ! entire battle & 0 s ru9$ by ! fire & sabres ( #ij1jjj enemies & #djj pieces ( artill]y t1 z ! sun w5t d[n ! ,k+ *>g$ at ! head ( two battalions1 8 sole rema9+ troops4 ,at ?is mom5t ,g54 ,zei!n1 ) ! ,column ( ,support1 ( #bb1jjj m5 occupi$ ,siptka ,hill1 ! tactical key ( ! battlefield1 & fir$ a salvo ( artill]y to in=m ! ,k+ ( _! pres5ce4 ,! a/oni%$ ,au/rians turn$ & fl$2 ! ,k+'s *>ge broke _! l9e ( battle & ,fr$]ic grasp$ a victory1 8= :i*0 says ,napoleon1 8he 0 indebt$ to ,=tune & ! only "o 9 :i* he display$ no tal5t40 ,?is comm5t ( c\rse is n true4 ,fr$]ic display$ magnific5t tal5t t day1 by hold+ 9 *eck a =ce ( ?rice 8 numb]s & s %att]+ x by 8 incessant attacks t x crumbl$ to pieces be=e ! m]e pres5ce & at sight ( 8 fre% & vigor\s ,column ( ,support4 ,_h ,napoleon display$ su* tal5t 9 ! p]sonal conduct ( battles dur+ #ahac1 #ahad & #ahae x is possible t he w\ld h t]m9at$ 8 c>e] at "s o!r place ?an at ,/4 ,hel5a4 ,! exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 0 en\gh to fully satisfy ,fr$]ic1 & nev] aga9 did he attempt a ,logi/ic battle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! capture ( ,"l ,cornwallis at ,yorkt[n is p]haps ! ne>e/ approa* to ! a*ievem5t ( ,n]o & ,livius 9 ! annals ( ! milit>y art4 ,decoy$ by ! retrograde movem5ts ( ,g54 ,gre5e1 ! ,briti% army 0 delud$ into tak+ up a position at ,yorkt[n1 hav+ ! un=dable ,james ,riv] 9 re>1 & )9 /rik+ di/ance ( ! ma9 ,am]ican army "u ,wa%+ton ab\t ,new ,york ,city4 ,lafayette 0 ord]$ to re9=ce ,gre5e2 ,c\nt d',e/+ 0 induc$ to br+ ! ,fr5* fleet f ! ,we/ ,indies to ,*esapeake ,bay to prev5t ! rescue ( ,cornwallis by ,briti% com+ by ! ocean1 & ,c\nt ,ro*ambeau 0 reque/$ to jo9 ,wa%+ton ) ! ,fr5* army !n 9 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,all ?is took "t1 b ev]y?+ 0 execut$ l clockwork4 ,! ,fr5* fleet arriv$ 9 ! ,*esapeake2 ! next day came a ,briti% fleet to rescue ! ,e>l's army4 ,9 ! naval fight :i* ensu$1 ! ,briti% 7 driv5 to sea & s damag$ z to compel _! return to ,new ,york4 ,by a swift m>*1 ,wa%+ton1 ) 8 ,cont95tals & ! ,fr5*1 jo9$ ,gre5e & ,lafayette1 & two ( 8 r$\bts be+ tak5 by /orm1 ,"l ,cornwallis surr5d]$4 ,?is victory e/abli%$ ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,colonies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,logi/ic ,battle1 i4e41 ! comb9ation ( ! ,columns ( ,attack & ( ,support 0 fir/ favorite ) ,napoleon & to 8 p>tiality = ?is p>ticul> =m ( ! tactical (f5sive 0 due bo? ! spectacul> successes & ! annihilat+ cata/rophes :i* m>k 8 a/oni%+ c>e]4 ,! retriev+ ( 8 lo/ battle ( ,m>5go1 by ! =tuit\s arrival ( ,dessaix column1 seems to h impress$ ,napoleon to ! ext5t t he ev] aft] pref]r$ to w9 by su* process1 r ?an by any o!r4 ,! fir/ attempt to put 8 new hypo!sis into practice 0 at ,j5a4 ,s+le h&$ 8 column ( attack de/roy$ ! ,prussian ma9 body1 :ile ,dav\/ ) ! column ( manoeuvre held 9 *eck ov] ?ree times 8 numb]s4 ,! ,fr5* ,column ( ,support "u ,b]nadotte did n arrive 9 season to fire a %ot4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,eylau1 ! ,fr5* ,column ( ,support "u ,dav\/ 0 f\r h\rs 9 advanc+ six miles aga9/ ! opposition ( ! ,russian g5]al ,doctor(f4 ,! second ,fr5* ,column ( ,support "u ,ney did n rea* ! field until ! battle 0 ov]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! retreat f ,russia1 ! ,fr5* ,column ( ,support "u ! ,duke ( ,belluno 0 driv5 f its position at ,smol5sko1 ?us p]mitt+ ! ,russians "u ,kutos( to occupy ! ,/rategic c5t]1 :i* disa/] co/ ,napoleon #cj1jjj m5 9 cle>+ 8 communications4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 #ahac1 ! ,column ( ,support "u ,ney at ,bautz5 0 misdirect$ & ! battle r5d]$ indecisive by its lack ( co-op]ation ) ! ,fr5* ,column ( ,attack4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 #ahad1 ,napoleon con=m$ to ! ,art by act+ 9 ?ree columns1 b yield+ to 8 besett+ milit>y s91 he jo9$ 8 ,column ( ,support to 8 ,column ( ,attack & ?r\gh ! op5 space ?us creat$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,/rategetic ,front1 ,blu*] advanc$ triumphantly to ,p>is4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! ,wat]loo campaign1 ,napoleon prop]ly began ) ?ree ,gr& ,columns4 ,at ! battle ( ,ligny1 8 ,column ( ,support arriv$ ^u ,blu*]'s left flank & !n )\t fir+ a %ot1 :eel$ ab\t & m>*$ away4 ,at ,wat]loo1 by unit+ 8 ,columns ( ,attack & ( ,support prematurely1 ,napoleon p]mitt$ ,blu*] to p5etrate ! ,fr5* ,/rategetic ,front & to w9 9 ! same mann] & z decisively z he did at ,p>is4 99 99 99 99 99 ,von ,moltke won ! battle ( ,sad[a by ! arrival ( ! ,prussian ,column ( ,support1 comm&$ by ,pr9ce ,fr$]ic ,william4 ,b 9 ! int]im1 ! ,g]man ma9 army 0 driv5 9 sev]al miles by ! ,au/rians1 & ,pr9ce ,bism>k's fir/ :ite hairs date f t day4 ,,column ,,( ,,manoeuvre 8,a small body ( brave & exp]t m51 skillfully h&l$ & favor$ by ! gr\nd1 easily may r5d] difficult ! advance ( a l>ge army40--,fr$]ic ! ,great4 ,at ! riv] ,metaurus1 ! ,roman ,consul ,livius gave a f9e example ( ! duties ( a ,column ( ,manoeuvre :i* are sl[ly & securely to retreat be=e an advanc+ enemy & nev] to be induc$ into a pit*$ battle until ! arrival ( ! k9dr$ ma9 body4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fr$]ic ! ,great made great use ( ,columns ( ,manoeuvre4 ,9 ! ,sev5 ,ye>s ,w> he con/antly ma9ta9$ su* a column aga9/ ! armies ( ea* ,/ate ) :om ,prussia 0 at w>2 :ile himself & 8 bro!r ,h5ry op]at$ z ,columns ( ,attack4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 ,wa%+ton ma9ta9$ a ,column ( ,manoeuvre aga9/ ! ,briti% 9 ,rhode ,isl&1 ano!r aga9/ ! ,briti% 9 ! s\? & a ?ird aga9/ ! ho/ile ,indian tribes ( ! s\?we/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,napoleon con/antly us$ ,columns ( ,manoeuvre 9 all 8 campaigns2 notably at ,mont5otte1 ,ca/iglione1 ,arcole1 ,rivoli1 ,ulm1 ,au/]litz1 ,j5a1 9 #ahab1 #ahac1 #ahad & at ,ligny & ,wat]loo 9 #ahae4 ,,prime ,,/rategetic ,,means ,,prime ,,/rategetic ,,means 8,x is necess>y exactly to weigh ! means we possess 9 opposition to ! enemy 9 ord] to det]m9e be=eh& :i* mu/ ultimately pr$om9at$40--,fr$]ic ! ,great4 ,^? elem5tal quantities ^: comp>ative values are det]m9$ by ,gr& ,reconnaissance & :i* are t]m$3 ,organization1 ,topography1 ,mobility1 ,numb]s1 ,"t1 & ,position1 collectively con/itute ,prime ,/rategetic ,means ^: prop] employm5t is ! basis ( e true ,prime ,/rategetic ,process4 ,,policy ,,( ,,campaign ,t relative advantage 9 ,numb]s express$ by ! l>g] aggregate ( ,*ess-pieces is mat]ially manife/$ ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d by additional geometric & sub-geometric symbols4 ,excess or defici5cy 9 ,numb]s det]m9es ! policy ( ,campaign4 ,! policy ( ! inf]ior =ce is3 #a4 ,to pres]ve intact its ,corps d'armee1 & #b4 ,to engage 9 battle only :5 victory c be assur$ by o!r advantages 9 ,/rategetic means1 :i* nullify ! adv]se advantage 9 ,numb]s2 & ev5 !n only :5 su* victory is decisive ( ! ,campaign4 ,h5ce1 ! policy ( ,campaign ( t army sup]ior 9 ,numb]s1 is3 ,incessantly to pr(f] battles :i*3 7a7 ,accept$1 con/antly r$uces ! inf]ior army & increases its disproportion 9 numb]s1 or1 7b7 ,evad$1 compels ! inf]ior army to ab&on important po/s1 = ^: def5ce x _c af=d ! result+ loss ( troops2 ?us p]mitt+ to ! num]ically sup]ior army a cont9ually increas+ advantage 9 ,position4 ,,pr9ciple ,all else be+ equal ! advantage ( ,numb]s is decisive ( victory 9 battle & ,campaign4 ,?+s be+ unequal1 ! advantage 9 ,numb]s may be nullifi$ by adv]se advantages 9 ,organization1 ,topography1 ,mobility1 ,"t & ,position4 ,victory result+ f advantage 9 ,numb]s is a*iev$ by simultane\sly attack+ two or m ,tactical ,keys f a ,k9dr$ ,/rategic ,key & two or m ,k9dr$ ,po9ts ( ,comm&4 ,,to ,,locate ,,! ,,area ,,( ,,conc5tration ,t relative advantage 9 ,mobility express$ by ! situation ( ! ,/rategic ,front ^u ! ,/rategetic ,c5t] is mat]ially manife/$ ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d by ,k9dr$ ,*ess-pieces po/$ ^u t great c5tral diagonal :i* ext5ds t[>ds ! ,objective ,plane4 ,su* advantage det]m9es ^? po9ts :i* %\ld be occupi$ 9 ! prop] developm5t ( ! front s po/$2 & consequ5tly designates ! direction & location ( t battlefield ^u :i* ! k9dr$ army may conc5trate 9 ov]:elm+ =ce1 despite all possible resi/ance by ! enemy4 ,,mo/ ,,favorable ,,battlefield ,t relative advantage 9 ,organization express$ by sup]ior pot5tial totality1 is mat]ially manife/$ ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d by ! geometric & sub-geometric symbols ( ^? ,*ess-pieces possess$ ( ! sup]ior pot5tial complem5t4 ,su* symbols tak5 9 comb9ation1 describe t field ( battle mo/ favorable = ! execution ( ^? ,major ,tactical evolutions :i* app]ta9 to ! ,*ess-pieces ( sup]ior organization4 ,,po/s ,,( ,,maximum ,,security ,t relative def5sive advantage 9 ,topography express$ by inaccessibility to ho/ile attack is mat]ially manife/$ ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d by ,corps ( ,position1 po/$ ^u po9ts ( diff]5t color to t occupi$ by ! adv]se ,bi%op2 & ?is advantage designates ^? po/s situat$ on a project$ field ( battle :i* may be occupi$ ) ! maximum ( security4 ,t relative (f5sive advantage 9 ,topography express$ by accessibility to k9dr$ attack is mat]ially manife/$ ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d by ,corps ( ,position po/$ ^u po9ts ( ! same color z t occupi$ by ! k9dr$ ,bi%op2 & ?is advantage designates ^? po/s situat$ on a project$ field ( battle :i* may be attack$ ) ! maximum facility4 ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,favorable ,,battle ,t relative advantage 9 ,position ) ! ,column ( ,attack1 express$3 #a4 ,by sup]ior location1 direction & developm5t ( ! ,k9dr$ ,/rategic ,front ( ,op]ations2 & #b4 ,by ! occupation ( ,po9ts ( ,dep>ture1 ( ,manoeuvre1 ( ,comm& & ( ! ,/rategic ,key ( a ,true ,/rategic ,horizon1 indicates t a ,/rategic ,gr& ,battle 9 ! fir/ in/ance2 & 9 ! second case t a ,tactical ,gr& ,battle is mo/ favorable 9 ! exi/+ situation4 ,t relative advantage 9 ,position ) ! ,column ( ,support1 express$ by sup]ior facilities = occupy+ ) ! ,k9dr$ ,promotable ,factors _! correspond+ ,po9ts ( ,junction 9 ! ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,horizon1 is mat]ially manife/$ ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d by ! l>g] numb] ( ,pawn ,altitudes :i* ei!r are op51 or may be op5$1 despite all possible resi/ance by ! enemy2 & su* advantage designates ^? adv]se ,po9ts ( ,imp5etrability & ,po9ts ( ,resi/ance to ! m>* ( ! ,k9dr$ ,promotable ,factors1 :i* x is necess>y to nullify4 ,t relative advantage 9 ,position ) ! ,column ( ,manoeuvre1 express$ by ! security ( ! ,k9dr$ & ! exposure ( ! adv]se ,/rategetic ,re> to attack by ! ,k9dr$ ,column ( ,support1 is mat]ially manife/$ ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d by ! occupation by a ,k9dr$ ,promotable ,factor ( ! ,po9t ( ,proximity2 & su* advantage indicates t ! advance ) all possible cel]ity ( su* ,promotable ,factor & ,po9t ( ,proximity t[>d ! correspond+ ,po9t ( ,junction is a dom9at+ influ5ce 9 ! exi/+ situation4 ,,project$ ,,gr& ,,battle ,f ! advantage 9 ,position app]ta9+ to ! ?ree ,gr& ,columns is d$uc$ ! "* ( ! ,gr& ,battle prop]ly 9 sequ5ce4 ,advantage 9 ,position ) ! ,column ( ,attack indicates ! opportunity1 all else be+ equal1 to engage 9 a victori\s ,/rategic ,gr& ,battle aga9/ ! ho/ile ,=mation 9 ,mass1 or 9 a ,tactical ,gr& ,battle aga9/ ! ho/ile ,=mation by ,w+s4 ,advantage 9 ,position ) ! ,column ( ,support indicates ! opportunity to engage effectively 9 a s]ies ( m9or battles1 z ?\gh hav+ ! advantage 9 ,numb]s4 ,advantage 9 ,position ) ! ,column ( ,manoeuvre indicates ! opportunity to engage 9 a victori\s ,logi/ic ,gr& ,battle aga9/ ! adv]se ,=mation by ,gr& ,columns4 ,,lea/ ,,favorable ,,adv]se ,,condition ,t relative advantage 9 ,"t express$ by re/rictions ( ! adv]s>y's *oice ( movem5ts at 8 turn to play1 is mat]ially manife/$ ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d by ,fe9ts op]at$ by ,k9dr$ ,*ess-pieces aga9/ adv]se vital po9ts2 & su* advantage ( ! ,initiative dictates ! next move ( ! oppos+ army4 ,! advantage ( ! ,initiative det]m9es :i* ( ! adv]se corps d'armee may & may n move4 ,! mat]ial expression ( ?is advantage always is a ,fe9t by a ,k9dr$ ,corps aga9/ a vital po9t ei!r occupi$ or unoccupi$1 :i* necessitates t ^u 8 next move1 ! enemy ei!r evacuate1 support1 cov] or su/a9 ! po/ s m5ac$4 ,su* fe9t1 !re=e1 re/ricts ! move ( ! enemy to ^? ( 8 corps z are able to obviate ! ?reat5$ loss & proportionately r$uces ! imm$iate activity ( 8 army4 ,,relative ,,advantages ,,9 ,,location 8,x is only ! =ce br\ght into action t avails 9 battles & campaigns--! re/ does n c\nt40--,napoleon4 ,! di/ance :i* sep>ates oppos+ ,corps d'armee always modifies ! values ( ! ,prime ,/rategetic ,means4 ,h5ce 9 ! mak+ ( ,gr& ,reconnaissance1 x is next 9 sequ5ce to det]m9e :e!r ! ,*ess-pieces are3 ,i4 ,9 ,contact4 ,,ii4 ,9 ,pres5ce4 ,,iii4 ,at ,di/ance4 ,corps d'armee are 9 ,contact ) ea* o!r :5ev] _! logi/ic radii int]sect2 or1 _! radii (f5sive & ! correspond+ adv]se radii def5sive are oppos$ to ea* o!r4 ,corps d'armee are 9 ,pres5ce :5ev] ! po/s :i* !y occupy are conta9$ )9 ! same ,/rategic front1 ! same ,/rategetic ,horizon1 or are 9 communication ) _! correspond+ po/s ( mobilization1 developm5t1 or manoeuvre4 ,corps d'armee are at ,di/ance :5 ! po/s :i* !y occupy are n 9 communication ) ,k9dr$ ,corps d'armee po/$ ^u ! /rategic front adopt$1 or ) po/s ( mobilization or developm5t conta9$ )9 ! correspond+ ,prim>y ,base ( ,op]ations1 or1 )9 ! ,true ,/rategetic ,horizon4 ,,requisites ,,= ,,successful ,,campaign+ ,e ,campaign1 :e!r ^u ! surface ( ! ,e>? or ^u ! ,*ess-bo>d is decid$ & usually is t]m9at$ by a ,gr& ,battle4 ,^? movem5ts ( oppos+ ,gr& ,columns1 :]eby su* decisive conflict is br\ght ab\t "u circum/ances :i* ensure victory1 by reason ( sup]ior advantages 9 ,/rategetic ,means1 are t]m$ ,gr& ,manoeuvres2 & a prop] s]ies ( ,gr& ,manoeuvres1 comb9$ ) _! correspond+ fe9ts1 /rategems1 ambuscades & m9or battles1 ! :ole t]m9at$ by a result+ ,gr& ,battle1 is t]m$ a ,gr& ,op]ation4 ,^? processes ( ,gr& ,manoeuvre1 :i* produce an opportunity to victori\sly engage 9 battle1 are ! mo/ subtle & difficult kn[n to ! ,/rategetic ,art4 ,successful application ( ^! processes 9 practice dep5ds :olly ^u prop] use ( ! ,,means at h& & ! do+ ( ! utmo/ t c be done 9 ! ,,"t available4 ,no?+ c be m repugnant to high art 9 ,/rategetics ?an ^? crudities t]m$ 9 ! speci\s m\?+s ( pret5ti\s m$iocrity 8wait+ moves10 8delay$ /rokes10 8def5sive-(f5sives10 8ma/]ly inactivities10 & ! l4 8,"t pa/ is gone & _c be rega9$2 "t future is n & may nev] be2 "t pres5t is0 & ) x ,opportunity1 :i* an in/ant lat] may be gone4 ,! ga9 ( b 8a foot ( gr\nd & a m9ute ( "t0 w\ld h sav$ ! ,fr5* army at ,rosba* & h co/ ,fr$]ic ! ,great "o ( 8 mo/ lu/r\s victories & p]haps 8 army & 8 cr[n4 ,,pr9ciple ,9 ,/rategetics !re is b a s+le me?od :]eby ,opportunity may be avail$ (1 & t is by s augm5t+ k9dr$ advantages & s depreciat+ adv]se advantages z to acquire = ! k9dr$ army t p>ticul> advantage ( ,/rategetic means :i* 9 ! giv5 situation is ! prop] basis ( ! ,/rategetic movem5t next 9 sequ5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,di/ance4 ,! *ief requisite = success :5 act+ aga9/ an adv]se army at ,di/ance1 is ! advantage 9 ,,mobility4 ,! prim>y process is t ( a ,gr& ,manoeuvre aga9/ an adv]se army act+ 9 ! =mation by ,gr& ,columns1 & ! object ( su* ,gr& ,manoeuvre always is1 by sup]ior cel]ity ( movem5t1 to occupy3 #a4 ,! ,/rategic ,c5t] by ! ,k9dr$ ,column ( ,attack1 ?us int]sect+ ! ,r\te ( ,communication betwe5 ! adv]se ma9 body & its ,base ( ,op]ation2 or to occupy3 #b4 ,! ,logi/ic ,c5t] ) ! ,k9dr$ ,columns ( ,support & ( ,manoeuvre1 ?us int]sect+ ! ,r\te ( ,communication betwe5 ! adv]se ma9 body & its ,*ief ,support+ ,column & cle>+ ! way = ! advance ( ! ,k9dr$ ,column ( ,support aga9/ ! flank & re> ( ! adv]se ,ma9 ,body4 ,obvi\sly1 ! unit$ ,k9dr$ ,columns ( ,attack & ( ,support always w con/itute an ov]:elm+ sup]iority 9 ,numb]s z comp>$ ) ! adv]se ma9 body4 ,9 ,pres5ce4 ,! *ief requisite = success :5 act+ aga9/ an adv]se ,gr& ,column 9 ,pres5ce1 is ! advantage 9 ,,position4 ,! prim>y process is t ( a ,gr& ,manoeuvre aga9/ an adv]se army act+ 9 ! ,=mation by ,w+s1 & ! object ( su* ,gr& ,manoeuvre always is1 by avail+ to ! utt]mo/ ( its situation ^u ! ,tactical ,c5t]1 i4e41 ^u ! area midway betwe5 ! adv]se ,w+s ?us isolat$ f ea* o!r2 to act 9 ov]:elm+ ,numb]s1 fir/ aga9/ "o & !n aga9/ ! o!r ho/ile bodies4 ,9 ,contact4 ,! *ief requisite = success :5 act+ (f5sively aga9/ an adv]se ,gr& ,column1 or ,w+1 or ,corps d'armee1 9 ,contact1 is ! advantage 9 ,,numb]s4 ,! prim>y process is t ( a ,gr& ,battle 9 :i* ! k9dr$ army has an ov]:elm+ sup]iority 9 ,numb]s 9 contact1 & at lea/ ! equality 9 all o!r ,prime ,/rategetic ,means4 ,9 ?is circum/ance1 ! object ( su* ,gr& ,battle always is3 #a4 ,to attack ! ho/ile ,=mation 9 ,mass frontally at ! c5t]1 & ^u bo? w+s obliquely2 all ?ree attacks be+ made simultane\sly & ! evolutions s execut$ t ! ho/ile army nev] is able to p5etrate betwe5 ei!r k9dr$ w+ & ! k9dr$ c5t]1 nor to outflank t k9dr$ w+ :i* may be 9 ! air4 #b4 ,9 case ! k9dr$ army has ! equality or inf]iority 9 all o!r ,prime ,/rategetic ,means1 !n ! object ( a ,gr& ,battle on ! ,(f5sive is to attack ! ho/ile ,=mation 9 ,mass obliquely ) ! :ole k9dr$ army1 & pref]ably ^u t w+ :i* cov]s ! r\te ( communication ( ! adv]se army ) its ,base ( ,op]ations1 b always ^u t w+ :i* conta9s ! ,tactical ,key ( ! actual ,battlefield4 ,obvi\sly1 ! conc5tration ( ! entire k9dr$ army aga9/ a s+le adv]se w+ always w con/itute an ov]:elm+ sup]iority 9 ,numb]s4 ,9 mak+ su* attack obliquely aga9/ a s+le adv]se w+1 ! c5t] & rema9+ w+ ( ! k9dr$ army mu/ n engage until ! k9dr$ ,van & ,corps ( ,position ( ! attack+ w+ fir/ h =m$ ! c5t] ( ?ree sides ( an octagon2 ( :i* ! ,k9dr$ ,corps ( ,evolution w =m ! f>!/ side & ! ,k9dr$ ,c5t] & left w+ ,corps d'armee w =m ! ne>e/ & late/ con/ruct$ side4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! *ief requisite = success :5 act+ def5sively aga9/ a ,gr& ,column1 or ,w+1 or ,corps d'armee is ! advantage 9 ,,topography4 ,! prim>y process is t ( a ,gr& ,battle 9 :i* ! k9dr$ army1 decid$ly inf]ior 9 ,numb]s 9 ! aggregate1 has ! advantage 9 ,topography & equality 9 all o!r ,prime ,/rategetic ,means4 ,9 ?is case ! object is to support bo? flanks ( ! inf]ior army ^u impassable natural b>ri]s1 /r5g!n+ bo? w+s at ! exp5se ( ! c5t]1 bo? 9 quantity & 9 quality ( troops4 ,if ! ,tactical ,def5sive be select$1 ! c5t] %\ld retire be=e ! oncom+ ( ! ho/ile army 9 ord] to enclose x betwe5 ! ,k9dr$ ,w+s1 :i* w !n ov]:elm x by sup]ior ,numb]s1 :ile ! natural b>ri]s on ! flanks be+ impassable w prev5t ! rema9+ ho/ile corps f p>ticipat+ 9 ! battle o!rwise ?an z spectators4 ,%\ld ! ,tactical ,(f5sive be select$1 t k9dr$ w+ be/ adapt$ = attack %\ld engage support$ by all k9dr$ ,corps ( ,evolution1 :ile advanc+ ! ,k9dr$ ,c5t] 9 res]ve & hold+ ! rema9+ w+ refus$ & 9 obs]vation4 ,all else be+ equal1 relative advantage 9 ei!r bran* ( ,prime ,/rategetic ,means is suffici5t to ensure victory 9 battle1 & ! prop] use ( su* advantage = secur+ victory is outl9$ ?us3 ,,pr9ciple ,utilize advantage 9 ,prime ,/rategetic ,means to obta9 ! sup]iority 9 ,numb]s at ! ,po9t ( ,contact 9 an ,(f5sive ,battle2 & to nullify ! adv]se sup]iority 9 ,numb]s at ! po9t ( contact 9 a ,def5sive ,battle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,betwe5 ,w> & ,*ess !re is a seem+ incongruity1 :i* is ! basis ( t d\bt ( ! utility ( ,*ess-play1 s commonly held by laym51 & :i* fallacy few1 ev5 among pr(ici5ts1 are compet5t to combat4 ,?is d\bt mo/ frequ5tly is voic$ by ! qu]y3 ,if ,*ess & ,w> are analag\s1 :y 0 n ,napoleon a ,ma/] ,*ess-play] & ,morphy a great milit>y ,comm&]8 ,?is qu]y readily is answ]$ 9 ! words ( ,fr$]ic ! ,great1 viz43 8,to be possess$ ( tal5t is n suffici5t4 ,opportunity to display su* tal5t & to its full ext5t is necess>y4 ,all dep5ds on ! "t 9 :i* we live40 ,! ,/rategetic tal5t possess$ 9 common by ,morphy & ,napoleon1 9 bo? 0 br\ght to p]fection by long & exp]t tra9+4 ,b circum/ances plac$ ! twelve ye> old ,napoleon 9 ! mid/ ( soldi]s & 9 an era ( w>1 :ile circum/ances plac$ ! twelve ye> old ,morphy 9 ! mid/ ( ,*ess-play]s & 9 an era ( ,peace4 ,napoleon 0 educat$ a ,g5]al2 ,morphy 0 educat$ a lawy]4 ,to develop 8 self-evid5t & sup]lative ,/rategetic tal5t1 ,napoleon's education 0 ( ! be/2 to develop 8 self-evid5t & sup]lative ,/rategetic tal5t1 ,morphy's education 0 ( ! wor/4 ,napoleon succe$$ z a ,g5]al2 ,morphy fail$ z a lawy]4 ,! innate capability ( ,napoleon = ,/rategetics 0 develop$ 9 ! direction ( ,w>f>e2 ! innate capability ( ,morphy = ,/rategetics 0 develop$ 9 ! direction ( ,*ess-play4 ,9 ,w>1 ,napoleon is sup]lative2 9 ,*ess1 ,morphy is sup]lative4 ,educat$ 9 ! law1 ,napoleon might h prov$ l ,morphy a non-entity2 educat$ 9 ,*ess1 ,napoleon might h prov$ l ,morphy a ph5om5on4 ,educat$ 9 ,w>1 ,morphy might h rivall$ ,napoleon4 ,= ! ,*ess-play ( ,morphy displays t p]fect compreh5sion ( ,/rategetics1 to :i* none b ! great ,capta9s 9 w>f>e h atta9$4 ,p]fection 9 ,/rategetics consi/s 9 exactly int]pret+ 9 battle & campaign1 ! ,sy/em ( ,w>f>e inv5t$ by ,epam9ondas4 ,^? able to d ?is 9 ,w> h a*iev$ greatness1 & ! great at ,*ess-play are ^? :o be/ h imitat$ t exactness ) :i* ,morphy employ$ ?is sy/em on ! ,*ess-bo>d4 ,to ^? :o imag9e t ,/rategetic tal5t1 z exemplifi$ 9 ,w>f>e1 is diff]5t f ,/rategetic tal5t z exemplifi$ 9 ,*ess-play1 ! foll[+ may af=d matt] = reflection4 99 99 99 99 99 8,fr$]ic ! ,great 0 "o ( ! f9e/ ,*ess-play]s t ,g]many ev] produc$40--,wilhelm ,/e9itz4 ,,prime ,,/rategetic ,,proposition ,,section ,,"o ,,prime ,,/rategetic ,,proposition ,,section ,,"o 7,,fir/ ,,phase47 ,9 ! consid]ation ( e ,/rategetic ,situation possible 9 ,w>f>e1 or 9 ,*ess-play1 ! initial process always is a ,gr& ,reconnaissance4 ,gr& ,reconnaissance is t exact scrut9y ( exi/+ conditions1 :]eby is det]m9$ ! relative advantages & disadvantages possess$ by ! oppos+ armies 93 #a4 ,"t4 #b4 ,numb]s4 #c4 ,position4 #d4 ,organization4 #e4 ,mobility4 #f4 ,topography4 ,! ,fir/ ,phase 9 ! demon/ration ( e ,prime ,/rategetic ,proposition consi/s3 #a4 ,9 det]m9+ by comp>ison ( ! relative advantages & disadvantages 9 ,"t1 :i* ( ! oppos+ armies has ! ability to ,,move1 :ile ! o!r mu/ rema9 /ation>y4 #b4 ,9 d$uc+ ! ,,motif ( su* movem5t4 #c4 ,9 designat+ ! ,,direction ( su* movem5t4 ,! mak+ ( ,gr& ,reconnaissance is a special privilege :i* exclusively app]ta9s to ! advantage 9 ,"t4 ,x always %\ld be made by ! ,comm&]-9-*ief ( t army :i* is able to put itself 9 motion1 :ile ! oppos+ army mu/ rema9 /ation>y1 & x nev] %\ld be conf\nd$ ) ! advance ( ! ,cavalry ,corps1 nor confus$ ) ! "w ( sc\ts & spies2 all ( :i* are matt]s entirely sep>ate & di/9ct f ,gr& ,reconnaissance4 ,9 ! ,gr& ,reconnaissance ( any giv5 ,/rategetic ,situation ! elem5t ( ,numb]s prim>ily is to be consid]$1 = ! reason t ! basic fact ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,/rategetics is3 8,,! ,,great] ,,=ce ,,always ,,ov]comes ,,! ,,less]40--,napoleon4 ,h5ce1 unless m imm$iately vital consid]ations prev5t1 sup]iority 9 ,numb]s1 ( itself1 is decisive ( victory2 & ?us x readily is to be d$uc$ t all else be+ equal1 ! advantage 9 ,"t plus ! advantage 9 ,numb]s con/itutes ! easie/ & simple/ w9n+ comb9ation kn[n to ,/rategetic ,art4 ,b x s happ5s t ! advantage 9 ,"t may be comb9$ n only ) ! great] =ce1 b also ) an equal1 or ev5 ) ! less] =ce1 & f ?is x is self-evid5t t ,/rategetic ,situations are divid$ into ?ree classes1 viz43 ,i4 ,num]ical sup]iority1 plus "r to move4 ,,ii4 ,num]ical equality1 plus "r to move4 ,,iii4 ,num]ical inf]iority1 plus "r to move4 ,!re are two prim>y me?ods = avail+ ( sup]iority 9 ,numb]s to de/roy ! oppos+ less] =ce1 viz43 #a4 ,by ! ,process ( ,attrition1 i4e41 by ma9ta9+ an incessant tactical (f5sive & ?us we>+ d[n ! oppos+ army by ex*ang+ pieces at e opportunity4 #b4 ,by ,act+ 9 ,deta*m5ts1 i4e41 by means ( ! extra corps1 simultane\sly to attack m po9ts ( vital importance ?an ! ho/ile army is able simultane\sly to def5d4 ,f ! =ego+ x is obvi\s t conv]sely !re are two pr9cipal consid]ations1 :i* all else be+ equal1 mu/ dom9ate ! proc$ure ( ! ,num]ically inf]ior =ce1 viz43 ,i4 ,to avoid fur!r dim9ution ( its aggregate4 ,,ii4 ,to avoid creat+ indef5sible vital po9ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! second consid]ation 9 ! mak+ ( a ,gr& ,reconnaissance by ! comm&]-9-*ief ( an army hav+ ! advantage 9 ,"t1 is ! elem5t ( ,position2 = ! reason t by unsci5tific po/+ ( ,corps d'armee1 relative advantages 9 ,"t1 or 9 ,numb]s or 9 bo?1 may be r5d]$ nugatory1 on acc\nt ( inability ( ! k9dr$ ,columns ( ,attack1 ( ,support & ( ,manoeuvre to p]=m _! functions4 ,9 case ! ,corps are sci5tifically po/$ & are 9 positions to avail ( advantage 9 ,"t & ,numb]s1 ^? adv]se vital po9ts ^: occupation may be effect$ by sup]ior =ce1 always w be ! objectives ( ! movem5ts ( ! latt]4 ,h5ce1 ! foll[+3 ,,pr9ciple ,z ! advantage 9 ,"t gives ! "r to ,,move & ! advantage 9 ,numb]s indicates ! ,,motif ( movem5t2 s does ! advantage 9 ,position1 z express$ by ! ,/rategic ,syllogism1 specify ! ,,direction ( t movem5t :i* normally app]ta9s to ! army hav+ ! advantage 9 ,"t4 ,! prop] direction ( t movem5t :i* normally app]ta9s to ! advantage 9 ,"t always is indicat$ by ! plus signs 9 ! ,/rategic ,syllogism1 viz43 ,a4 ,signifies t ! ,normal direction ( movem5t = ! army hav+ ! advantage 9 ,"t is along ! ,/rategetic ,c5t] t[>ds ! ,objective ,plane4 ,s4 ,signifies t ! ,normal direction ( movem5t = ! army hav+ ! advantage 9 ,"t is along "o or m pawn altitudes t[>ds ! ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,horizon4 ,m4 ,signifies t ! ,normal direction ( movem5t = ! army hav+ ! advantage 9 ,"t is along ! %orte/ op5 pawn altitude t[>ds ! ,k9dr$ ,po9t ( ,junction4 ------- ,a,s4 ,signifies t ! ,normal direction ( movem5t = ! army hav+ ! advantage 9 ,"t is d\ble1 i4e41 ,a4 t[>ds ! ,objective ,plane4 ,s4 along "o or m op5 ,pawn altitudes t[>d ! ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,horizon4 ------- ,a,m4 ,signifies t ! ,normal direction ( movem5t = ! army hav+ ! advantage 9 ,"t1 is d\ble1 i4e41 ,a4 t[>ds ! ,objective ,plane4 ,m4 ,along ! %orte/ op5 pawn altitude t[>d ! ,k9dr$ ,po9t ( ,junction4 ------- ,s,m4 ,signifies t ! ,normal direction ( movem5t = ! army hav+ ! advantage 9 ,"t is d\ble1 i4e41 ,s4 ,along "o or m op5 ,pawn altitudes t[>d ! ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,horizon4 ,m4 ,along ! %orte/ op5 ,pawn ,altitude t[>d ! ,k9dr$ ,po9t ( ,junction4 ------- ,a,s,m4 ,signifies t ! ,normal direction ( movem5t is triple1 i4e41 ,a4 ,t[>d ! ,objective ,plane4 ,s4 ,along "o or m op5 ,pawn altitudes1 t[>d ! ,k9dr$ ,logi/ic ,horizon4 ,m4 ,along ! %orte/ op5 ,pawn altitude1 t[>d ! ,k9dr$ ,po9t ( ,junction4 ,! ,fir/ ,phase 9 ! demon/ration ( e ,/rategetic ,proposition is det]m9$ by ! foll[+3 ,,!orem ,giv5 ! ,normal ability to move1 to det]m9e ! ,normal motif & direction ( movem5t4 #a4 ,designate t army hav+ ! advantage 9 ,"t & express su* advantage by ! symbol ,t1 express ! correspond+ disadvantage 9 ,"t :i* app]ta9s to ! oppos+ army1 by ! symbol -,t1 & su* symbols w con/itute ! ,fir/ ,t]m ( ! ,fir/ ,phase ( ! demon/ration ( any ,prime ,/rategetic ,proposition4 #b4 ,express t sup]iority1 equality1 or inf]iority 9 ,numb]s1 :i* app]ta9s to ea* ( ! oppos+ armies by ! symbols ,n1 ,n1-,n1 respectively2 & su* symbols w con/itute ! ,second ,t]m ( ! ,fir/ ,phase ( ! demon/ration ( any ,prime ,/rategetic ,proposition4 #c4 ,express ! objectives designat$ by ! plus t]ms ( ! ,/rategic ,syllogism1 viz43 7a7 ,objective ( ,a ,objective ,plane1 i4e41 ,o4 ,p4 7b7 0 ,s ,logi/ic ,horizon1 i4e41 ,l4 ,h4 7c7 0 ,m ,po9t ( ,junction1 i4e41 ,p4 ,j4 & ! symbols d5ot+ su* objectives w con/itute ! ,?ird ,t]m 9 ! ,fir/ ,phase ( ! demon/ration ( any ,prime ,/rategetic ,proposition4 #d4 ,comb9e ^? ?ree t]ms :i* app]ta9 to ! advantage 9 ,"t1 !n comb9e ^? ?ree t]ms :i* app]ta9 to ! disadvantage 9 ,"t1 & ! result+ equation :5 exp&$ w depict3 7a7 ,! normal ability to move4 7b7 ,! normal motif ( movem5t4 7c7 ,! normal directions ( movem5t :i* app]ta9 to ea* ( ! oppos+ armies4 ,,example ,:ite4 7,t,n7 7,a,s,m7 ----------------- ,black4 7-,t-,n7 7-,a-,s-,m7 ,,exp&$ ,fir/ ,t]m4 ,t ,normal ability to move4 ,second ,t]m4 ,n ,normal motif ( movem5t1 7a7 ,deta*m5ts1 7b7 ,ex*anges4 ,?ird ,t]m ,o4 ,p4 ,normal objective ( ,a4 ,l4 ,h4 0 0 0 ,s4 ,p4 ,j4 0 0 0 ,m4 ,h5ce1 9 ! =ego+ example ! normal direction ( movem5t = ,:ite may be ei!r t[>d ! ,objective ,plane ) ! ,column ( ,attack1 or t[>d ! ,logi/ic ,horizon1 or ! ,po9t ( ,junction ) ! ,column ( ,support1 or t[>d bo? objectives1 ) bo? columns simultane\sly4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,black army hav+ ! disadvantage 9 ,"t is unable to move1 & consequ5tly is /ation>y4 ,fur!rmore1 ,:ite hav+ ! sup]iority 9 ,numb]s may move ) an equal =ce aga9/ ei!r objective designat$ by ! ,?ird ,t]m ( ! equation1 & ) 8 excess =ce aga9/ "o or m adv]se vital po9ts1 simultane\sly1 aga9/ :i* latt] movem5t1 ,black obvi\sly has no adequate def5ce4 ,,tactico-,,logi/ic ,,inequality ,! ,tactico-,logi/ic ,inequality is ! algebraic expression ( ! relative advantages & disadvantages 9 ,"t & 9 ,numb]s app]ta9+ to oppos+ ,/rategetic ,entireties4 ,su* advantages & disadvantages are d5ot$ by ! t]ms1 viz43 ,t4 ,signifies ! absolute advantage 9 ,"t1 i4e41 ! ability ( an army1 a gr& column1 a w+ or a corps d'armee to move1 :ile ! oppos+ =ce mu/ rema9 /ation>y4 -,t4 ,signifies ! absolute disadvantage 9 ,"t1 i4e41 ! obligation ( an army1 a gr& column1 a w+1 or a corps d'armee to rema9 /ation>y1 :ile ! oppos+ =ce is 9 motion4 ,n4 ,signifies ! absolute advantage 9 ,numb]s1 i4e41 ! l>g] numb] ( corps d'armee4 -,n4 ,signifies ! absolute disadvantage 9 ,numb]s1 i4e41 ! small] numb] ( corps d'armee4 ,n4 ,signifies ! equality 9 ,numb]s1 i4e41 ! same numb] ( corps d'armee4 ,!re are six =ms ( ! ,tactico-,logi/ic ,inequality1 viz43 #a4 ,t,n ------ -,t-,n #b4 ,t,n ------ -,t,n #c4 ,t-,n ------ -,t,n #d4 -,t,n ------ ,t-,n #e4 -,t,n ------ ,t,n #f4 -,t-,n ------ ,t,n ,,initial ,,/rategetic ,,equation ,! ,initial ,/rategetic ,equation is made up ( ^? t]ms :i* compose ! ,/rategic ,syllogism & ! ,tactico-,logi/ic ,inequality1 viz43 ----------------- ----------------- 7,a,s,m7 7,t,n7 - 7-,a-,s-,m7 7-,t-,n7 ! ,normal ,motif & ,direction ( ,ef=t4 ,,rule #a4 ,set d[n 9 p>5!sis ^? t]ms ( ! ,/rategic ,syllogism :i* app]ta9 to ,:ite4 ,set d[n 9 p>5!sis ^? t]ms ( ! ,tactico-,logi/ic ,inequality :i* app]ta9 to ,:ite4 ,connect ! two k9dr$ t]ms ?us con/ruct$1 by ! sign ( addition1 to %[ t ea* is to augm5t ! o!r1 & sup]score all by ! same v9cula to %[ t all are to be tak5 toge!r to =m "o side ( ! result+ equation4 99 99 99 99 99 #b4 ,repeat ?is process = ! ,black t]ms to con/ruct ! second side ( ! ,initial ,/rategetic ,equation1 & sep>ate ! ,:ite f ! ,black t]ms by a m9us sign4 ,,/rategetic ,,values ,! ,/rategetic ,values ( ! t]ms conta9$ 9 ! ,/rategic ,syllogism & 9 ! ,tactico-,logi/ic ,inequality are %[n by ! app5d$ tables1 viz43 ,,table ,,( ,,/rategic ,,values4 ,t]m4 ,po/4 ,direction4 ,motif4 #a4 ,a ,gr& ,v]tex ,tactical ,key ( ,to give *eckmate ,objective ,plane #b4 ,m ,po9t ,proximity ,po9t ( ,junction ,to que5 a ,pawn en comm& #c4 ,a ,major ,v]tex #a4 ,gr& ,v]tex ,to ga9 w9n+ ,position #b4 ,po9t ,align$ ) ,column ( ,attack #c4 ,po9t en ,pot5ce #d4 ,m ,po9t ,proximity ,po9t en ,comm& ,to ga9 w9n+ ,position en ,m5ace ) ,column ( ,support #e4 ,m ,po9t ,proximity ,po9t en ,m5ace ,to ga9 w9n+ ,position en ,pres5ce ) ,column ( ,support #f4 ,a ,m9or ,v]tex #a4 ,major ,v]tex ,to ga9 ,sup]ior ,position #b4 ,po9t ,align$ ) ,column ( ,attack #g4 ,s ,po9t ,proximity ,po9t en ,pres5ce ,to ga9 ,sup]ior ,position en ,obs]vation ) ,column ( ,support #h4 ,s ,po9t ,proximity ,po9t en ,obs]vation ,to ga9 sup]ior ,position en ,r\te ) ,column ( ,support #i4 ,s ,po9t ,proximity ,po9t en ,r\te ,to ga9 advantage ) ,remote ,column ( ,support ,,table ,,( ,,logi/ic ,,values ,t]m4 #a4 ,t ,unre/rict$ privilege to move any ,piece4 #b4 ,t ,re/rict$ to mov+ a ,su/a9+ ,piece en c\nt] attack4 #c4 ,t ,re/rict$ to mov+ an aggressive ,cov]+ ,piece4 #d4 ,t ,re/rict$ to mov+ a ,passive ,cov]+ ,piece4 #e4 ,t ,re/rict$ to mov+ a ,support+ ,piece4 #f4 ,t ,re/rict$ to mov+ ! ,k+ out ( *eck4 #g4 ,t ,re/rict$ to mov+ ! ,k+ f an unt5able ,objective ,plane4 #h4 ,t ,re/rict$ to mov+ a ,piece to r$uce ! value ( ! ,k9dr$ ,k+'s ,logi/ic ,radii4 ,,table ,,( ,,tactical ,,values ,t]m4 #a4 ,n ,l>g] numb]s ( ,gr& ,corps d'armee ( ,evolution4 #b4 ,n ,l>g] numb]s ( ,major ,corps d'armee ( ,evolution4 #c4 ,n ,l>g] numb]s ( ,m9or ,corps d'armee ( ,evolution4 #d4 ,n ,l>g] numb]s ( ,corps d'armee ( ,position4 ,,prime ,,/rategetic ,,proposition ,,section ,,two ,,prime ,,/rategetic ,,proposition ,,section ,,two ,,!orem4 ,giv5 any ,/rategetic ,situation to det]m9e ! ,true ,tactical ,sequ5ce4 ,,demon/ration4 7,fir/ ,phase47 ,let ! t]m ,a 9 its degree repres5t ! relative advantage 9 ,position ( ! ,column ( ,attack2 ,s 9 its degree ! relative advantage 9 ,position ( ! ,column ( ,support1 & ,m 9 its degree ! relative advantage 9 ,position ( ! ,column ( ,manoeuvre2 let equality 9 ,position ( ! sev]al ,columns be repres5t$ by ! t]ms ,a1 ,s1 ,m1 & let inf]iority 9 ,positions ( ! sev]al ,columns be repres5t$ by ! t]ms -,a1 -,s1 -,m1 & let ^? t]ms app]ta9+ to ! ,:ite ,columns be writt5 above a l9e & ^? t]ms app]ta9+ to ! ,black ,columns be writt5 bel[ ! l9e1 & let t collection ( t]ms conta9+ ! plus & equal signs ( great] ,/rategetic value be ! ,major ,premise & t collection ( t]ms conta9+ ! signs ( less] /rategetic value be ! ,m9or ,premise ( ! ,/rategic ,syllogism ?us con/ruct$4 ,let ! ability to move :ile ! oppos+ =ce mu/ rema9 /ation>y be repres5t$ by ! t]m ,t1 & let ! conv]se be repres5t$ by ! t]m -,t1 & let sup]iority 9 ,numb]s be repres5t$ by ! t]m ,n2 ! equality 9 ,numb]s by ! t]m ,n1 & inf]iority 9 ,numb]s by ! t]m -,n1 & let ! comb9+ ( any =m ( ! t]ms ,t & ,n con/itute a ,tactico-,logi/ic ,inequality4 ,let any comb9ation ( t ,/rategic ,syllogism :i* app]ta9s to a giv5 ,/rategetic ,situation ) ! correspond+ ,tactico-,logi/ic ,inequality1 =m ! ,initial ,/rategetic ,equation4 ,let ! plus t]ms & ! equality t]ms1 :i* are conta9$ 9 ! ,initial ,/rategetic ,equation1 be exp&$ into _! highe/ =ms accord+ to ! table ( ,/rategetic ,values1 & annex to ea* ( su* t]ms t num]al :i* expresses ! relative rank ( su* t]m 9 ^? calculations :i* app]ta9 to ! p5d+ ,prime ,/rategetic ,proposition4 ,comp>e ! values s obta9$ & let ! highe/ ,/rategetically be reg>d$ z ! m5ace mo/ imm$iately decisive1 !n3 ,if ! t]m ,t app]ta9 to ! ,piece op]at+ su* m5ace1 let su* ,piece be reg>d$ z ! ,corps d'armee en ,m5ace1 & ! ,objective ( su* m5ace z ! ,prime ,decisive ,po9t2 ! occupation ( su* ,po9t by su* ,piece z ! ,normal ,motif ( ,(f5sive ,ef=t1 & ! ,logi/ic ,radius connect+ ! ,po9t ( ,dep>ture occupi$ by su* ,piece & ! ,prime ,decisive ,po9t z ! ,normal ,direction ( ,(f5sive ,ef=t4 ,if ! t]m ,t does ,,n apply to t m5ace :i* comb9$ ) ! t]m ,t w\ld be mo/ imm$iately decisive1 !n3 ,by fur!r comp>ison ( ! t]ms ( ! ,initial ,/rategetic ,equation1 select t ,decisive ,m5ace /rategetically next 9 sequ5ce to :i* ! t]m ,t does app]ta92 & let ! ,piece op]at+ su* ,decisive ,m5ace be reg>d$ z ! ,corps d'armee en ,m5ace2 ! ,objective ( su* m5ace z ! ,prime ,decisive ,po9t2 ! occupation ( su* ,po9t by su* ,piece z ! ,normal ,motif ( ,(f5sive ,ef=t1 & ! ,logi/ic ,radius connect+ ! ,po9t ( ,dep>ture occupi$ by su* ,piece & ! ,prime ,decisive ,po9ts z ! ,normal direction ( ,(f5sive ,ef=t4 ,provid$3 ,:5ev] ! t]m ,t app]ta9s to a ,m5ace n s imm$iately decisive z ano!r m5ace op]at$ by an adv]se army1 column1 w+ or corps d'armee1 b to :i* ! t]m ,t does n app]ta91 !n3 ! ,normal motif ( ,ef=t is def5sive1 & ! ,normal direction ( ,def5sive ,ef=t is along ! ,logi/ic ,radius betwe5 ! ,po9t ( ,dep>ture ( t ,k9dr$ ,piece1 :i* by ! advantage ( ! t]m ,a1 is able to nullify ! adv]se mo/ imm$iately ,decisive ,m5ace & t ,po9t ( ,comm& :i* is ! ,objective ( su* ,ef=t en ,def5ce & f :5ce su* adv]se mo/ imm$iately ,decisive ,m5ace may be nullifi$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! second or ,int]m$iate ,phase ( ! ,prime ,/rategetic ,proposition app]ta9s to ,gr& ,manoeuvres2 & ! ?ird1 or ,f9al ,phase1 app]ta9s to ,gr& ,op]ations4 ,h[ev] va/ "o's capabilities may be1 !re is no m9d s compreh5sive b t x has mu* to le>n f o!r m9ds :i* h prec$$ x1 & no tal5t is s pot5tial b t its developm5t is proportional to its ex]cise4 ,= no matt] h[ broad & exact "o's k1 ! application ( su* k alone con/itutes ,art1 & ! value ( su* k always is comm5surate to ! degree ( skill atta9$ 9 ! use ( x4 ,h5ce1 !re is a tra9+ ( ! physical s5ses :i* gives quickness & /r5g? to ! eye1 ! e> & ! h&2 a tra9+ ( ! n]v\s organism :i* gives c\rage to ! he>t1 cle>ness to ! bra91 & /ead9ess to ! body2 a tra9+ ( ! intellect :i* fructifies 9 orig9ality1 +5uity1 pr(undity & exactness ( calculation4 ,su* tra9+ is to be acquir$ only f sy/ematic /udy ( ! be/ productions by ,ma/]s ( ! ,art1 & by incessant practice ) ! be/ pr(ici5ts4