,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics71 & text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold 7bold74 ,additional ,transcrib]'s ,notes are at ! end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,hi/ory ,tea*]'s ,magaz9e ,volume ,i4 ,numb] #c4 ,,philadelphia1 ,,novemb]1 #aiji4 #a4jj a ye> #ae c5ts a copy ,,cont5ts4 ,,wall ,,maps ,,= ,,hi/ory ,,classes1 by ,pr(4 ,donald ,e4 ,smi? #dg ,,! ,,am]ican ,,hi/orical ,,association #dh ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,s\rces ,,9 ,,in/ruction ,,9 ,,gov]nm5t ,,& ,,politics1 by ,pr(4 ,*>les ,a4 ,be>d #di ,,rec5t ,,revolution ,,9 ,,turkey1 by ,john ,haynes1 ,ph4,d4 #ej ,,proposals ,,( ,,! ,,committee ,,( ,,eight--,a ,,re/atem5t1 by ,pr(4 ,james ,a4 ,james #ea ,,review ,,( ,,! ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,committee ,,( ,,eight1 by ,s>ah ,a4 ,dynes #eb ,,sugge/ions ,,on ,,elem5t>y ,,hi/ory1 by ,pr(4 ,frankl9 ,l4 ,riley #ec ,a ,,type ,,lesson ,,= ,,! ,,grades1 by ,arm& ,j4 ,g]son #ed ,,! ,,hudson-,,fulton ,,celebration #ee ,,editorial #ef ,,be>d',s 8,,read+s ,,9 ,,gov]nm5t ,,& ,,politics10 review$ by ,john ,haynes1 ,ph4,d4 #eg ,,all5',s 8,,civics ,,& ,,heal?10 review$ by ,l\is ,nusbaum #eg ,,am]ican ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,second>y ,,s*ool1 by ,ar?ur ,m4 ,wolfson1 ,ph4,d4 #eh ,,european ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,second>y ,,s*ool1 by ,daniel ,c4 ,kn[lton1 ,ph4,d4 #ei ,,anci5t ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,second>y ,,s*ool1 by ,william ,fairley1 ,ph4,d4 #fa ,,engli% ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,second>y ,,s*ool1 by ,c4 ,b4 ,newton #fb ,,civics ,,9 ,,! ,,second>y ,,s*ool1 by ,alb]t ,h4 ,san=d #fc ,,reports ,,f ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,field1 by ,walt] ,h4 ,cu%+ #fe ,,br[n',s 8,,am]ican ,,high ,,s*ool10 review$ by ,george ,h4 ,ga/on #ff ,,correspond5ce #fg-fh ,publi%$ mon?ly1 except ,july & ,augu/1 by ,mc,kinley ,publi%+ ,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,copyright1 #aiji1 ,mc,kinley ,publi%+ ,co4 ,application has be5 made = regi/ry z second-class matt] at ! ,po/-(fice1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ogg',s ,,s\rce ,,book ,,( ,,m$iaeval ,,hi/ory ,edit$ by ,,fr$]ic ,,au/9 ,,ogg1 ,a4,m41 ,assi/ant 9 ,hi/ory1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 & ,in/ructor 9 ,simmons ,college4 #a4ej ,9 ?is book is provid$ a collection ( docum5ts illu/rative ( ,european life & in/itutions f ! ,g]man invasions to ! ,r5aissance4 ,great discrim9ation has be5 ex]cis$ 9 ! selection & arrangem5t ( ^! s\rces1 :i* are int5d$ to be us$ 9 connection ) ! /udy ( m$ival hi/ory1 ei!r 9 second>y s*ools or 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( college4 ,?r\gh\t1 ! controll+ ?\ght has be5 to pres5t only ^? selections :i* are ( real value & ( g5u9e int]e/--t is1 ^? :i* subord9ate ! purely docum5t>y & emphasize ! /rictly n>rative1 su* z annals1 *ronicles1 & biographies4 ,! extracts are ( consid]able l5g? f few] s\rces1 r ?an ( great] numb] f a wid] range4 ,! translations h all be5 made ) c>e1 b = ! sake ( y\ng] pupils simplifi$ & mod]niz$ z mu* z close adh]5ce to ! s5se w\ld p]mit4 ,an introductory explanation1 giv+ at "s l5g? ! hi/orical sett+ ( ! extract1 & comm5t+ on its g5]al significance1 accompanies ea* translation4 ,! index is v full4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,new ,york ,c9c9nati ,*icago ,bo/on 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pr(4 ,,*>les ,a4 ,,be>d',s ,,two ,,valuable ,,books ,read+s 9 ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t & ,politics ,clo?1 ,cr4 #hvo41 #a4ij net ,,& ,an ,introduction to ! ,engli% ,hi/orians ,clo?1 ,cr4 #hvo41 #a4fj net ,are /rongly recomm5d$ to all ,hi/ory ,tea*]s :o are int]e/$ 9 ! views ^u ! use ( s\rces express$ by ! ,columbia ,pr(essor 9 ?is p]iodical4 ,a m s]viceable h&book1 on ei!r ( ^! subjects1 _c be secur$4 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,publi%]s 33 #fd-ff ,fif? ,av5ue 33 ,,new ,,york 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,flag ,,f ,,mat]ials ,,collect$ ,,by ,,! ,,late ,,george ,,canby ,by ,,lloyd ,,bald]/on1 ,ph4,d4 ,pr(essor ( ,physics 9 ,we/ ,*e/] ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool ,?is book tells ! /ory ( ! mak+ ( ! fir/ ,/>s & ,/ripes1 & all t is kn[n ( ! ,gr& ,union ,flag1 :i* prec$$ ! pres5t national ensign1 & resembl$ x 9 hav+ #ac /ripes alt]nate r$ & :ite4 ,! ,betsy ,ross /ory is %[n to /& 9 su* relation to ! record$ facts z to leave no d\bt ( ! tru? ( its ess5tial features4 ,^! are1 briefly1 t ! fir/ flag ( /ripes & />s 0 a sample1 made to ! ord] ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 ,rob]t ,morris & ,george ,ross1 %ortly be=e ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,! new flag did n come into use at once1 & 0 probably n mu* us$ until aft] ! passage ( ! fam\s resolution ( ,june #ad?1 #aggg4 ,! book is a #abmo volume ( #add pages1 ) a f\r-color cov] design1 & f\r color$ plates 9 ! text1 besides _m illu/rations 9 l9e & halftone1 includ+ sev]al facsimiles ( ,revolution>y docum5ts4 ,price1 #a4jj net2 ,po/age1 #h c5ts4 ,,f]ris ,,lea*1 ,publi%]s #bg & #bi ,s\? ,sev5? ,/reet 33 ,philadelphia 99 99 99 99 99 ,=?com+ ,articles ,,9 ,! ,hi/ory ,tea*]'s ,magaz9e ,articles ^u ,! ,be/ ,subjects & ,me?ods = ,college ,fre%man ,classes 9 ,hi/ory1 "u ! g5]al direction ( ,,pr(4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,h[l&4 ,! ,"* ( ! ,que/ions 9 ,hi/ory ( ! ,college ,entrance ,bo>d1 by ,,miss ,,elizabe? ,,briggs4 ,! ,use ( ! ,syllabus 9 ,hi/ory ,classes1 by ,,pr(4 ,,walt] ,l4 ,,flem+1 ( ! ,l\isiana ,/ate ,univ]sity4 ,hi/ory ,"u ! ,pr9ceton ,tutorial ,sy/em1 by a ,tutor 9 ,hi/ory4 ,! ,neighborhood ,me?od ( ,tea*+ ,economics1 by ,,alex&] ,,pugh4 ,rec5t ,hi/orical ,ev5ts1 by ,,dr4 ,,john ,,haynes4 ,fur!r articles ^u ,maps & ,atlases1 by ,,pr(4 ,,donald ,e4 ,,smi?4 ,f]]o's ,contributions to ,roman ,civilization1 by ,,pr(essor ,,h5ry ,a4 ,,sill4 ,! ,tea*]'s ,use ( ,h>t's 8,! ,am]ican ,nation10 by ! ,manag+ ,editor4 ,outl9es2 ,sugge/ions = ,use ( ,libr>ies2 ,arrangem5t ( ,notebooks2 ,prep>ation ( ,writt5 ,reports1 etc41 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,hi/ory ,tea*]'s ,magaz9e ,volume ,i4 ,numb] #c4 ,,philadelphia1 ,,novemb]1 #aiji4 #a4jj a ye> #ae c5ts a copy ,wall ,maps = ,hi/ory ,classes#a ,,by ,,donald ,e4 ,,smi?1 ,,assi/ant ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,geography1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia4 ,!re are few p]sons :o w "q ! importance ( a lib]al use ( good maps z a supplem5t to & ev5 a "p ( ! tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 high s*ools & colleges1 & !re are few tea*]s :o are n p]plex$ by ! difficulties 9 ! selection & use ( ^! ess5tial aids to ! tea*+ ( _! subject4 ,ow+ to ! consid]able co/ ( ?is k9d ( app>atus !re is b\nd to be ! ev]-pres5t f9ancial difficulty4 ,ow+ to ! great numb] ( publications purport+ to meet ! ne$s ( ! hi/ory tea*]1 f small outl9e maps co/+ less ?an a c5t apiece to elaborate atlases co/+ fifty doll>s1 !re is a great range ( *oice )9 :i* !re is no little difficulty 9 decid+ j :at c>tographical aids are be/ = ! problem at h&4 ,z ! f9ancial "q is always dep5d5t ^u local & p>ticul> consid]ations1 & z ! actual h&l+ ( maps is a subject 9 itself l>ge en\gh = a sep>ate article1 ,i w limit myself to ! matt] ( ! selection ( ! be/ maps4 ,x is assum$1 ( c\rse1 t a selection has to be made4 ,!re are few in/itutions weal?y en\gh to buy indiscrim9ately ev]y?+ (f]$ = sale1 & ev5 7 t g5]ally true1 an indiscrim9ate use ( good & bad mat]ials c\ld n be c\nt5anc$ anyway4 ,! "q is !n1 :at are ! mo/ useful maps t may be made available = s*ools ) b limit$ means at _! disposal4 ,! great m]it ( a wall map consi/s 9 its size1 :i* makes possible ! depict+ on a l>ge scale ( ! ?+s :i* c be repres5t$ ^u a map1 ) ! fur!r capital advantage t su* a map c be se5 by a great _m p at ! same "t4 ,its sup]iority ov] ! atlas lies !n1 n 9 accuracy1 or weal? ( detail1 b 9 its visibility4 ,= ?is !re is absolutely no sub/itute2 & ?is advantage1 :i* = ! tea*] is almo/ ! only "o1 secures = ! wall map a place among ! indisp5sables 9 classroom equipm5t4 ,!y c be made to repres5t any?+ t any map c1 ?\gh _! special prov9ce is ! exhibition ( g5]al facts :]e m9ute details are negligible4 ,9 fact1 ! encumb]+ ( a l>ge map ) a multitude ( names & o!r data is ! c>d9al s9 ( ! c>tograph]4 ,! two broad classes ( facts put ^u maps are political & physical1 & almo/ always 9 comb9ation1 z nei!r "o has v mu* mean+ )\t ! o!r4 ,let u take up ! physical maps fir/1 z !y (f] ! greate/ difficulties1 are ! mo/ exp5sive1 & 9 consequ5ce1 are mo/ r>ely f\nd ( a satisfactory "*4 ,! tr\ble ) a physical map is t x has ! impossible task ( %[+ physical features z !y are & s t !y c be se54 ,?is is impossible1 because if ?+s are %[n 9 _! "r proportions1 & if su* natural features z riv]s & m\nta9s 7 drawn true to scale !y w\ld appe> 9 mo/ cases z no?+ m ?an fa9t l9es & specks ^u ! map4 ,z x is absolutely necess>y t !y be se5 cle>ly at "s di/ance1 a gross exagg]ation ( _! app>5t size is made necess>y4 ,^! difficulties are successfully compromis$ 9 a s]ies well kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 publi%$ by ! h\se ( ,p]!s1 & kn[n z ! ,syd[-,hab5i*t s]ies4 ,9 _! color s*eme1 omission ( unnecess>y details & g5]al me*anical excell5ce1 !y are s satisfactory t !y h come to be some?+ l ! /&>d maps = ! cont95ts4 ,_! great ,engli% competitor is ,/an=d's new s]ies ( orographical s*ool maps1 compil$ "u ! direction ( ! well-kn[n writ]1 ,h4 ,j4 ,mack9d]4 ,( an equally high "* & work$ out ) some:at great] elaboration ( details are "s ( ! maps ( ,w4 ,a4 ,k4 ,john/on1 & ! s]ies ( physical maps publi%$ 9 ,am]ica by ! ,r&-,mc,nally ,company4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( physical wall maps1 ,i want to say a ^w ( comm5dation ( ! maps ( ,dietri* ,reim]1 ( ,b]l91 prep>$ by ,ri*>d ,kiep]t4 ,! classical maps ( ,h5ry ,kiep]t1 publi%$ by ! same h\se1 are se5 9 ne>ly e high s*ool 9 ! c\ntry1 b ! "w ( ,ri*>d ,kiep]t is altoge!r too little kn[n4 ,ow+ to ! influ5ce ( m]e p]sonal ta/e "o %\ld be v cauti\s ab\t /at+ _! pref]5ces too confid5tly :ile attempt+ to discrim9ate betwe5 a numb] ( diff]5t types ( maps1 all ( :i* are excell5t1 b ,i feel b\nd to /ate t ,i reg>d ,ri*>d ,kiep]t's map ( ,c5tral ,europe z repres5t+ ! great desid]atum ( map-mak+4 ,! ess5tial physiographic features ( t mo/ intricate region1 includ+ ! prim>y & second>y axes ( ! cont95t1 are exhibit$ ) su* cle>ness t x is possible to use ?is map be=e a l>ge class 9 a college or univ]sity lecture c\rse4 ,= all ord9>y purposes ( ! high s*ool1 ! ,syd[-,hab5i*t map ( ,europe is suffici5t1 & z x is ! map ( ! :ole cont95t1 ! geographical relation%ips ( ,europe & ,africa & ,europe & ,asia are %[n1 z1 ( c\rse1 !y _c be ) ! ,kiep]t map1 b no college class %\ld be d5i$ ! privilege ( see+ ! ,kiep]t map or its equival5t1 & if !re is an equival5t ,i am n acqua9t$ ) x4 ,"s ( ! maps ( ! ,fr5* h\ses ( ,delagrave & ,ha*ette ,company are des]v+ ( wid] use 9 ?is c\ntry1 b our dep5d5ce on ,engli% & ,g]man publications1 = comm]cial reasons2 is n likely to be dim9i%$ = sev]al ye>s to come4 ,^! ,fr5* firms app>5tly make little ef=t to adv]tise _! w>es 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 s t ! difficulty ( keep+ track ( _! late/ works & ord]+ !m :5 !y are kn[n1 con/itutes a s]i\s ob/acle to _! g5]al use4 ,! second gr& division ( wall maps is made up ( ^? :i* attempt prim>ily to %[ =? political divisions4 ,!y fall naturally into two fur!r divisions2 fir/1 political maps ( mod]n c\ntries z !y are at ! pres5t "t1 & second1 hi/orical maps :i* repres5t political divisions ( ! e>? z !y 7 at diff]5t times 9 ! pa/4 ,! mo/ accurate maps ( ! fir/ class are1 g5]ally speak+1 publi%$ by ! v>i\s gov]nm5ts ( ! civiliz$ _w1 p>ticul>ly ( ^? milit>y nations ^: g5]al /affs h1 f ! necessities ( sci5tific w>f>e1 be5 driv5 to prep>+ z accurate repres5tations ( ! surface ( ! e>? z is humanly possible4 ,( c\rse1 su* maps record ! m9ute/ topographical details1 & to t ext5t are physical 9 "*1 b = t matt]1 purely political maps 9 ! s5se ( totally ignor+ all physical features1 are becom+1 happily1 almo/ unkn[n4 ,all a political map is1 !n1 is a map :i* pays relatively m att5tion to ! human side ( geography ?an to ! physical1 & s1 z x 71 looks at ! face ( ! cont95t f ! po9t ( view ( man r ?an nature4 ,!re are good maps ( ! fir/ subdivision almo/ )\t numb]1 & !y are well kn[n by p o!r ?an speciali/s4 ,^? publi%$ 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica by su* h\ses z ,r&-,mc,nally1 ,w4 ,a4 ,k4 ,john/on1 ,george ,philip ,son1 & ,edw>d ,/an=d may s]ve z good examples4 ,!y are q adequate = ! ,engli% speak+ _w & are kn[n to s*oolm5 ?r\gh\t ?is c\ntry4 ,! subject ( hi/orical maps1 ! second subdivision 9 ! classification made above1 _c be dismiss$ q s easily1 & ! treatm5t ( ?is topic %\ld n be relegat$ to ! end ( a %ort article on maps 9 g5]al4 ,9 ?is field ( c>tography1 ,engl& & ,am]ica are di/9ctly beh9d ! peoples ( ! cont95t ( ,europe1 s t = maps illu/rat+ hi/orical geography rec\rse mu/ be _h to =eign productions1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,g]many4 ,)\t any attempt to make comp>isons1 ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) ! b>e /atem5t t ! two s]ies1 ,h5ry ,kiep]t = ! anci5t p]iod1 & ,sprun]-,brets*neid] = ! m$ieval & mod]n p]iod1 cov] ! field ( ,european & ,ori5tal hi/ory v satisfactorily = college classes4 ,! fact t 9 ! fir/ s]ies all names are 9 ,lat91 & 9 ! second all names are 9 ,g]man1 make ^! maps unsatisfactory = g5]al use 9 ! high s*ools4 ,9 lieu ( ^! products ( ! firms ( ,reim]1 9 ,b]l91 & ,p]!s1 9 ,go?a1 !re are us$ v g5]ally & ) satisfaction ! *eap] & crud] hi/orical *>ts ( ,mac,coun4 ,! color s*eme 9 ^! *>ts is di/9ctive if n beautiful1 :ile ! few m9or inaccuracies are too unimportant to affect ! g5]al usefulness ( ! s]ies4 ,!re is no space left = ev5 t\*+ ^u ! subject ( economic1 comm]cial1 & e?nographic maps2 ^u ! arrangem5t1 susp5sion1 & classification ( ! map collection 9 any giv5 s*ool or dep>tm5t ( a univ]sity2 or ^u ! all-important topic ( atlases1 a :ole subject 9 itself1 closely relat$ to ! subject ( wall maps1 & ev5 m difficult to h&le prop]ly4 ,b ^! & o!r matt]s1 su* z ! actual h&l+ ( maps be=e classes1 & ! treatm5t ( ! geographical factors 9 hi/ory1 ?\gh closely associat$ ) ! subject ( wall maps1 are n )9 ! scope ( ?is article4 ,i %all be cont5t if ! ref]5ces giv5 "h to p>ticul> maps prove specific en\gh to give practical aid to ! hi/ory tea*] 9 build+ up ! map equipm5t ( 8 dep>tm5t4 ,,footnote3 #a ,editor's ,note4--,?is is ! fir/ ( sev]al articles ^u maps & atlases by ,pr(4 ,smi?4 8,! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association1 #ahhd-aiji0 ,,review ,,( ,,dr4 ,,jameson',s ,,rec5t ,,article4 ,a notewor?y article ^u ! orig9 ( ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association & its hi/ory dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty-five ye>s appe>s 9 ! ,octob] numb] ( 8,! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,review40 ,! au?or1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,frankl9 ,jameson1 is bett] fitt$ ?an any o!r man 9 ! c\ntry to treat ?is subject1 & he gives u ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! association ) a g5ial sympa?y t enli/s "o's int]e/ at once4 ,prefac+ 8 rem>ks ) ! /atem5t t 8no ag5cy has be5 s pot5t 9 ! advancem5t ( ,am]ican hi/orical s*ol>%ip0 z ! association1 ,dr4 ,jameson po9ts out ! conditions ( hi/orical rese>* & p$agogy 9 ! ye> #ahhd1 9 :i* ! association 0 f\nd$4 ,!re 0 b "o g5]al hi/orical j\rnal4 ,9 all ! univ]sities & colleges ( ! c\ntry !re 7 app>5tly only fifte5 pr(essors & five assi/ant pr(essors :o gave all _! "t to hi/ory4 ,! subject 0 9 _m cases subord9at$ or annex$ to o!r topics1 includ+ political sci5ce1 ,engli% lit]ature1 geology1 ,g]man & ,fr5*4 ,yet1 despite ! small numb]s ( ^? engag$ 9 tea*+ hi/ory1 ,dr4 ,jameson po9ts out t !re 7 giants 9 ^? days1 m5 :o 7 tra9$ :5 ! ,g]man sy/em ( hi/ory tea*+ 0 at its be/1 or :o1 l ! great national lit]>y hi/orians1 _h advanc$ f> 9 _! labors4 ,! specific details ( ! organization ( ! association at ,s>atoga1 ,septemb] #aj1 #ahhd w be ( mu* int]e/ to ! y\ng] hi/ory work]s4 ,) k9dl9ess = div]g+ views1 ,dr4 ,jameson %[s h[ e>ly 9 ! life ( ! association problems arose1 ! successful settlem5t ( :i* _h mu* to d ) ! future ( ! organization4 ,%\ld ! association be a small "o1 made up ( =ty or m 8,immortals10 or %\ld ! appeal be made to a wid] con/itu5cy1 & all int]e/$ 9 hi/ory be invit$ to jo98 ,%\ld ! association accept incorporation by ! nation & gov]nm5t aid 9 its "w8 ,%\ld ! meet+s be held cont9u\sly 9 ,wa%+ton8 ,%\ld ! annual meet+s ) ! pap]s read at su* meet+s be ! sole =m ( activity ent]$ into by ! association8 ,! solution ( ^! & o!r que/ions1 ,dr4 ,jameson po9ts out1 giv+ cr$it 9 pass+ to ! pa/ & pres5t work]s 9 ! association4 ,he names p>ticul>ly z /eps 9 advance ! ga9+ ( a *>t] f ! national gov]nm5t1 & incid5tally ! plac+ ( ! pap]s ( ! association 9 ! h&s ( ! gov]nm5t = publication4 ,tak+ ! ye> #ahie z a critical po9t1 he %[s t ! association _h #h1jjj 9 its treasury & curr5t exp5ses ( n ov] =ty p] c5t4 ( its income1 & yet t its "w did n seem to prosp]4 ,f t ye>1 h[ev]1 ! adoption ( a new policy broad5$ ! activities ( ! association4 ,! support ( ! association 0 giv5 to 8,! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,review02 ! ,am]ican ,society ( ,*ur* ,hi/ory 0 affiliat$ ) ! ma9 organization3 a ,committee ( ,sev5 on ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory 9 ,second>y ,s*ools 0 appo9t$1 & sev]al ye>s aft]w>ds made its fam\s report4 ,lat] activities h be5 add$ f "t to "t2 a ,/&+ ,committee on ,bibliography1 ! ,hi/orical ,manuscripts ,commission1 ! ,public ,ar*ives ,commission1 ! e/abli%m5t ( prizes = orig9al "w 9 hi/ory1 ! />t ( ! publication ( a s]ies ( volumes ( 8,orig9al ,n>ratives ( ,e>ly ,am]ican ,hi/ory10 ! =mation ( a ,pacific ,coa/ bran*1 ! appo9tm5t ( a ,committee ( ,eight on ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory 9 ,elem5t>y ,s*ools1 :i* has b lately report$1 & ! cop]ation ) a ,briti% committee to prep>e a select bibliography ( mod]n ,engli% hi/ory4 ,:ile ! field ( activities ( ! association has ?us exp&$1 ! memb]%ip ( ! association has gr[n until n[ x /&s at ab\t tw5ty-five hundr$4 ,its funds am\nt to #bf1jjj4 ,x has a rev5ue ( #h1jjj a ye>1 & ! gov]nm5t pr9ts = x mat]ial :i* repres5ts an outlay = pr9t+ ( ab\t #g1jjj4 ,dr4 ,jameson closes 8 article ) ! /atem5t3 8,probably no hi/orical society 9 ! _w is m num]\s2 x might p]haps be successfully ma9ta9$ t none is m ext5sively useful4 ,if ! quality ( all t x does is n yet ( ideal excell5ce1 x may be t its "w is done z well z c be expect$ f an organization no memb] ( :i* c give to its conc]ns m ?an a m9or portion ( 8 "t4 ,at all ev5ts1 x has play$ an effective "p 9 ! hi/orical progress ( ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 & none ( ^? :o took "p 9 its f\ndation at ,s>atoga1 9 t n[ remote ,septemb]1 ne$ feel regret at 8 %>e 9 ! transaction4 ,t x may fl\ri% abundantly 9 ! future mu/ be ! wi% ( all :o c>e = ! int]e/s #8( ,am]ican hi/ory & ( hi/ory 9 ,am]ica4'0 ,! ,use ( ,s\rces 9 ,in/ruction 9 ,gov]nm5t & ,politics ,,by ,,*>les ,a4 ,,be>d1 ,,adjunct ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,politics ,,9 ,,columbus ,,univ]sity4 ,:at ,dr4 ,/ubbs said _m ye>s ago ab\t ! difficulty ( ma/]+ ! hi/ory ( in/itutions applies ) equal =ce to ! ma/]y ( pres5t in/itutions1 especially 9 actual op]ation4 ,p]haps1 9 a way1 ! /ud5t ( gov]nm5t is m =tunately situat$ ?an ! /ud5t ( hi/ory1 = he c use ! laboratory me?od to "s ext5t4 ,he may att5d prim>ies & caucuses1 visit ! ,/ate capital or ! ,city ,hall1 take a place among ! spectators 9 a police c\rt wat*+ ! daily gr9d1 or obs]ve ! selectman1 p]haps a drug cl]k1 sup]9t5d ! con/ruction ( a t[n highway4 ,b 9 ! class-room in/ruction 9 gov]nm5t & politics mu/ p]=ce deal l>gely ) ab/ractions4 ,! hi/orians1 long ago recogniz+ ! vice ( unreality :i* att5d$ !m l a gho/ t w\ld n be d[n$1 ca/ ab\t = "s new me?od t w\ld give m firmness & life to _! in/ruction4 ,9 _! se>* !y came ^u ! s\rces1 & in/ead ( li/5+ always to ! voice ( ,gre5 or ,/ubbs1 !y /opp$ to he> ! voices ( ! k+s1 monks1 w>riors & lawy]s :o help$ to make ! hi/ory ( :i* ,gre5 & ,/ubbs wrote4 ,! result1 z all ! _w kn[s1 has be5 m>vel\s4 ,x has br\ght m vividness & solidity to hi/orical in/ruction4 ,x has done m4 ,! v me?od itself1 9 ! h&s ( skill$ work]s1 has become a discipl9e ( ! highe/ value4 ,:oev] d\bts x %\ld read ,pr(essor ,fl+'s article 9 ! fir/ issue ( ?is magaz9e4 ,lawy]s likewise h discov]$ ! same difficulties :i* ! tea*]s ( hi/ory enc\nt]$1 &1 fl++ away ,black/one & ! text-books1 !y h s\ght refuge 9 ! s\rces alone4 ,p]haps !y h gone too f> ) ! 8case sy/em02 9 fact1 a reaction seems imm95t at ?is mom5t2 b ! comm5tators w nev] recov] _! =m] sway4 ,/range to say1 tea*]s ( gov]nm5t & politics h n yet made any widespread use ( ! me?ods t h be5 f\nd s effective 9 ! h&s ( o!r /ud5ts ( in/itutions1 & yet 9 quantity1 v>iety & int]e/ ! s\rces available = _! "w are practically unlimit$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important gr\ps ( mat]ials1 ! gov]nm5t publications1 c be _h = ! ask+2 & our wa/e baskets are fill$ ) ! examples ( ano!r gr\p1 ! fugitive lit]ature ( p>ty politics4 ,acres ( diamonds h be5 at our door1 b our in/ruction 9 gov]nm5t & politics we>s1 9 g5]al1 su* a b>r5 aspect t ke5-sight$ /ud5ts are aw>e ( its unreality &1 sl[-switt$ ones f9d no delight or pr(it 9 x4 ,no ^w 9 our curriculum sugge/s su* innocu\s futility z 8civics10 & yet we are prep>+ citiz5s = s]vice 9 a democracy6 ,b to turn f prea*m5ts to "s practical advice1 :i*1 ,i take x1 is :at ! editor want$ :5 he ask$ me to d ?is article4 ,! s\rce mat]ials = gov]nm5t & politics fall readily into f\r gr\ps4 ,i4 ,!re are1 fir/1 ! autobiographies1 memoirs & writ+s ( /atesm51 lawy]s1 legislators1 judges1 /reet-clean+ commission]s1 police sup]9t5d5ts1 & o!r p]sons :o h actually conduct$ "s bran* ( our gov]nm5t4 ,^! books1 x is true1 are (t5 writt5 to glorify ! au?ors2 b ! solemn pres5tation ( ! unv>ni%$ tru? 0 n always ! purpose ( ! m$ieval monk ^: *ronicle is /udi$ ) su* zeal z a s\rce4 ,:at c\ld be m *>m+ or illum9at+ ?an ,s5ator ,ho>'s memoirs1 ,%]man's recollections1 ,bla9e's /ory ( 8 s]vice 9 ,congress1 or ,b5ton's view ( ?+s8 ,7 !re space at my disposal ,i c\ld fill ?is magaz9e ) ! topics on :i* ,i h secur$ in=m+ notes f ,ho>'s "w4 ,!re are wit1 & humor1 & reality on almo/ e page4 ,i suspect1 & :isp] x "h "u brea?1 t a /ud5t :o reads x w "k m ab\t ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t ?an "o :o devotes 8 "t to memoriz+ ! sacr$ ,con/itution1 s pray]fully draft$ by ! ,fa!rs4 ,,ii4 ,9 ! second gr\p ,i w\ld place ! gov]nm5t publications1 ,/ate & ,f$]al & municipal4 ,n[ ,i am aw>e t ?is calls up 9 ! m9ds ( _m read]s visions ( ! long r[s ( repulsive volumes :i* cumb] our libr>y %elves1 & ,i "k t gov]nm5t reports all look alike to c>eless obs]v]s4 ,!y are n1 h[ev]4 ,ev5 ! 8,congressional ,record0 has pages gli/5+ ) in=mation on ! inn] work+s ( ,congress & ! play ( int]e/s 9 lawmak+4 ,x takes "s c\rage = ! busy tea*] to />t on t =midable monum5t to ! capacity ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 b1 z ,pr(essor ,re9s* has po9t$ out 9 ! preface to 8 spl5did collection ( mat]ials on ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 ! process ( /udy+ ! s\rces :ile irksome at ! beg9n+ soon has ! exhil>at+ effect on ! m9d t brisk physical ex]cise has on ! body4 ,only "o :o has turn$ f a ve/-pocket manual ( pr$ige/$ 8civics0 to ! app>5tly cold & b>r5 wa/e ( ! 8,congressional ,record0 c "k ! exhil>ation ( ! exp]im5t4 ,9 ! debates ( ! conv5tions 9 :i* our ,/ate ,con/itutions are fram$ we c f9d mat]ials :i* w illum9ate e "p ( our commonweal? gov]nm5t4 ,!n !re are ! executive messages & inaugurals--volum9\s & =bidd+1 b ev5 a few h\rs ov] !m ) p5 9 h& & a pl5tiful supply ( page m>k]s w yield fruit nev] dream$ ( by ! tea*] :o has exhau/$ 8 +5uity on inv5t+ a table t w %[ graphically :at p[]s are coord9ate1 exclusive1 & res]v$ 9 our con/itutional sy/em6 ,!n !re are ! dep>tm5tal reports2 ,i h a %elf full = ! ye>s #aijh-ji1 j 9 front ( my work+ table4 ,!y give a lot ( precise in=mation on ! /ate ( ! civil s]vice1 ! organization ( ! army & navy1 ! "w ( ! ,bureau ( ,corporations1 ! inve/igations ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor1 & ! l1 :i* ,i mu/ h to give correctness & precision to my in/ruction 9 matt]s ( ,/ate & ,f$]al adm9i/ration4 ,!n !y are indisp5sable = ref]5ce4 ,i am con/antly hav+ tr\ble 9 rememb]+ :e!r ! p5sion bureau is a bureau or a division1 or is 9 ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 :]e x w\ld seem to belong1 or 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce & ,labor1 or some:]e else4 ,x really does n matt] s mu*1 = d\btless mo/ ( our be/ citiz5s d n "k :]e x is1 especially s9ce1 "u our sy/em ( indirect taxation1 !y don't feel its h&s 9 _! pockets4 ,f9ally1 !re are ,supreme ,c\rt decisions4 ,"h laym5 mu/ bew>e1 = ! lawy]s h =bidd5 u to come 92 only "o :o has ma/]$ ! my/]ies ( real prop]ty & torts1 s !y w\ld h u believe1 c und]/& ! my/]ies ( direct taxation z def9$ by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,n[1 we mu/ n take ! lawy]s too s]i\sly1 b we mu/ ma/] ! elem5ts ( law & also le>n h[ to get ! 8po9t0 ( a case1 discov] ! facts & sep>ate ! necess>y reason+ f ! obit]4 ,c]ta9ly1 no /ud5t ( ,am]ican gov]nm5t has any bus9ess tea*+ ! subject unless he has read & und]/ood _m ( ! greate/ decisions ( ! augu/ tribunal t presides ov] our political de/9ies4 ,,iii4 ,a ?ird gr\p ( mat]ials embraces ,/ate & ,f$]al laws4 ,h[ _m read]s ( ?is article h ev] se5 9 "o spot ! ye>ly output ( 8 ,/ate legislature or ,congress8 ,h[ _m read]s :o h discuss$ ,congressional appropriations h ev] se5 an appropriation bill or "p ( "o8 ,h[ _m read]s :o h discuss$ t>iff & f9ance h ev] se5 a real live t>iff bill repos+ 9 ! pages ( ! /atutes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,i always take ,a%'s edition ( ! *>t] ( ,new ,york ,city--a portly volume ( ab\t a ?\s& pages--into my class room & p]=m be=e ! eyes ( ! /ud5ts ! exp]im5t ( runn+ ?r\gh ! *ief titles4 ,x helps to keep !m mode/ 9 _! e/imate ( _! k ( our city gov]nm5t1 & x is a /&+ apology = ! innum]able "q :i* ,i fail to answ]4 ,i may m5tion1 also1 9 leav+ ?is gr\p1 ! ,/ate election law :i* c be secur$ readily f ! ,secret>y ( ! ,commonweal?1 & %\ld be always 9 h&4 ,,iv4 ,! f\r? gr\p includes ! lit]ature ( curr5t & p>ty politics1 va/1 fugitive1 "h to-day & gone to-morr[1 b ( an importance nev] imag9$ by /ud5ts :o h /ak$ _! hopes on und]/&+ our sy/em by a /udy ( 8,! ,f$]ali/40 ,p>ty plat=ms1 national1 ,/ate1 & local1 campaign text-books1 campaign spee*es2 broadsides1 c>toons1 po/]s1 & h&bills2 pamphlets publi%$ by p>tisan & non-p>tisan associations2 int]views 9 ! press2 articles 9 magaz9es1 & a ?\s& o!r devices by :i* political issues are rais$ & public consci\sness ar\s$1 ought to be wat*$ ) close scrut9y by ! tea*] ( gov]nm5t fai?ful to 8 call+4 ,a collection ( ballots %\ld be made %[+ :at ! vot] has to d on election day1 & copies ( in/ructions to vot]s %\ld be fil$ away4 ,a hundr$ o!r ?+s w be sugge/$ at once to ! al]t tea*]1 s t ,i ne$ n cont9ue ! catalogue1 b w close ! g5]al appeal 8,back to ! ,s\rces40 ,! ,rec5t ,revolution 9 ,turkey#b ,,by ,,john ,,haynes1 ,,ph4,d4 ,= ye>s ! hi/ory ( ,turkey 0 a monoton\s tale ( dome/ic disord] & =eign int]v5tion4 ,!re 0 endless turmoil among ! w>r+ races & religions ( ,mac$onia1 & f "t to "t "s dreadful outrage aga9/ ! ,arm5ians ( ,asiatic ,turkey4 ,! nations ( ,europe 7 con/antly seek+ rep>ation = wrongs done to _! citiz5s or urg+ re=ms = ! b5efit ( ! ,sultan's ,*ri/ian subjects4 ,x seem$ only a "q ( "t :5 ,turkey w\ld be blott$ f ! map by ! p[]s ( ,europe4 ,sudd5ly 9 ,july1 #aijh1 x 0 ann\nc$ t ! con/itution ( #ahgf1 :i* 0 8susp5d$0 aft] be+ 9 =ce a %ort "t1 _h be5 re/or$4 ,only ! p>ty kn[n z ! ,"y ,turks 7 prep>$ = su* an occurr5ce4 ,= ?irty ye>s !y _h labor$ = ! ov]?r[ ( ! misrule ( ,sultan ,abdul ,hamid ,,ii4 ,_! headqu>t]s _h be5 9 ,p>is1 b s9ce #aijd !y _h be5 =m+ revolution>y organizations 9 ,turkey "u a c5tral body call$ ! ,committee ( ,union & ,progress4 ,! support ( ! movem5t came f ! pr(essional classes & f progressive (fic]s 9 ! army1 )\t ^: help x c\ld n h succe$$4 ,"s days be=e ! proclamation ( ! con/itution1 ! ,sultan le>n$ ( disaffection 9 ! army ( ,european ,turkey1 & va9ly tri$ to quell x4 ,!n be+ in=m$ t unless he grant$ a con/itution ?irty ?\s& soldi]s w\ld m>* ^u ,con/ant9ople1 he yield$4 ,a new m9i/ry 0 =m$ "u ,kiamil ,pa%a1 & _m ( ! tools ( ! ,sultan fl$ ! c\ntry4 ,9 _m cities !re 7 extravagant manife/ations ( rejoic+1 9 :i* ,moslems & ,*ri/ians p>ticipat$ toge!r4 ,! con/itution ( #ahgf is ! "w ( ,midhat ,pa%a1 ! fir/ ,gr& ,vizi] ( ,abdul ,hamid4 ,x provides = p]sonal lib]ty1 fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press1 & equality ( ,moslems & ,*ri/ians be=e ! law4 ,! ,p>liam5t consi/s ( a ,s5ate1 ^: memb]s are appo9t$ by ! ,sultan1 & a ,*amb] ( ,deputies *os5 by ! p indirectly ?r\gh electors4 ,"u ?is con/itution a p>liam5t 0 *os5 & op5$ 9 ,decemb] by ! ,sultan 9 p]son4 ,= a "t all seem$ to g well1 b ,abdul ,hamid 0 plott+ = ! ov]?r[ ( ! new rgim :i* _h be5 =c$ ^u him4 ,! fir/ sign ( ?is 0 ! appo9tm5t ( two m9i/]s suspect$ ( be+ ho/ile to ! progressive program4 ,! ,*amb] ( ,deputies vot$ want ( confid5ce 9 ! m9i/ry1 & ,hilmi ,pa%a 0 made ,gr& ,vizi] 9 accordance ) ! wi% ( ! ,"y ,turks1 :o ?us impos$ a new m9i/ry ^u ! sov]eign aft] ! mann] ( ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,b ?is did n end ! matt]4 ,= mon?s ! ,sultan's money _h be5 corrupt+ ! army1 & 9 ,april1 #aiji1 ! troops 9 ,con/ant9ople mut9i$1 decl>+ ! ,"y ,turks tyrants4 ,tewfik ,pa%a1 a reaction>y1 0 put at ! head ( ! m9i/ry4 ,at ! same "t t]rible massacres ( ,*ri/ians1 believ$ to h be5 inspir$ by ! ,sultan1 took place 9 ,adana & vic9ity4 ,b ?is c\nt]-revolution 0 %ort-liv$4 ,! ,mac$onian division ( ! army "u ,*evket ,pa%a soon m>*$ ^u ,con/ant9ople1 took ! city )\t s]i\s opposition1 occupi$ ! royal palace 7,yi$iz ,kiosk71 & made ! ,sultan a prison]4 ,abdul ,hamid 0 =mally depos$ by decree ( ! ,%eik-ul-,islam1 ! religi\s head ( ! ,moslems1 & ! action 0 confirm$ by ! ,p>liam5t4 ,a bro!r1 :o by ,turki% law1 0 ! heir app>5t1 0 *os5 9 8 place1 & n[ rules z ,mehmet ,v4 ,hilmi ,pa%a 0 re/or$ z ,gr& ,vizi]4 ,_m p>ticipants 9 ! c\nt] revolution 7 execut$4 ,! new ,sultan1 :o 0 sixty-f\r at 8 accession1 has liv$ ! seclud$ life ( a political prison]4 ,! future ( ,turkey is almo/ z mu* a problem z x 0 be=e ?is rem>kable revolution4 ,! ,"y ,turks1 :o are n[ 9 p[]1 /& = int]nal re=m & ! integrity ( ! empire4 ,b !y h to face ! fact t ! great majority ( ,moslems are reaction>y1 & t _! p[] is dep5d5t on ! support ( ! army4 ,! p z a :ole are n fitt$ = self-gov]nm5t4 ,"o ( ! *>ges br\ght aga9/ ,abdul ,hamid 0 t ! ,turki% dom9ions 7 dismemb]$ dur+ 8 reign1 b s9ce ! revolution ( ,july1 #aijh1 ,turkey has lo/ its nom9al sov]eignty ov] ,bulg>ia & ,bosnia & ,h]zegov9a4 ,%e has also be5 on ! po9t ( los+ h] small hold on ,crete4 ,?\gh !re are ,*ri/ians 9 ! ,p>liam5t & two 9 ! cab9et1 ! ,"y ,turks d n h ! complete co-op]ation ( ! ,*ri/ian population1 _m ( :om w nev] be satisfi$ :ile any ( ,europe rema9s "u ,turki% rule4 ,besides1 _! s9c]ity z protectors ( ! ,*ri/ians is d\bt$4 ,! action ( ! c\rt m>tial on ! ,adana massacres is n satisfactory4 ,few ,moslems h be5 sev]ely dealt )4 ,scores ( ,*ri/ian girls1 :o 7 c>ri$ away z booty dur+ ! massacres1 h n be5 return$ to _! families nor _! captors puni%$4 ,! ,patri>* ( ! ,arm5ian ,ca?olic ,*ur* decl>es t ! ,"y ,turks propose to make ! ,*ri/ians give up _! educational in/itutions & s5d _! *ildr5 to ,turki% s*ools4 ,! great] "p ( ! =eign]s resid5t at ,con/ant9ople1 :ile sympa!tic ) ! new ord]1 are n confid5t ( ! future4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are p]sons ?or\ghly conv]sant ) ,turki% affairs :o feel sure t a new day ( fre$om & progress has really dawn$4 ,! future only c tell4 ,,footnote3 #b ,editor's ,note4--,dr4 ,haynes w contribute simil> articles to =?com+ numb]s ( ! magaz9e4 ,proposals ( ! ,committee ( ,eight ,a ,,re/atem5t ,,by ,,james ,,alton ,,james1 ,,( ,,nor?we/]n ,,univ]sity1 ,,*airman ,,( ,,! ,,committee4 ,tea*]s ( hi/ory1 ! c\ntry ov]1 h = ! pa/ t5 ye>s be5 grateful t ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association assum$ t hi/ory = ! second>y s*ools (f]$ problems 9 :i* its memb]s 7 vitally int]e/$4 ,9 all ( our s*ools to-day "s effect ( ! revolution wr\ght by ! report ( ! ,committee ( ,sev5 may be obs]v$4 ,x 0 n go+ f> afield1 !n1 :5 ! same association1 obs]v+ ! het]og5e\s condition exi/+ also 9 ! pres5tation ( hi/ory 9 ! elem5t>y s*ools1 %\ld h pr(f]$ "s assi/ance4 ,at ! ,*icago meet+ ( ! association1 !re=e1 tea*]s ( hi/ory f elem5t>y & high s*ools1 f normal s*ools & colleges1 7 invit$ to a conf]5ce on ! topics3 7#a7 ,"s sugge/ions = a c\rse ( /udy 9 hi/ory = ! elem5t>y s*ools2 & 7#b7 ! prep>ation mo/ desirable = ! tea*] ( hi/ory 9 ^! s*ools4 ,foll[+ ! discussion1 ! resolution 0 adopt$ t x 0 deem$ desirable t a committee %\ld be appo9t$ to make out a program 9 hi/ory = ! elem5t>y s*ools & consid] o!r closely-alli$ topics4 ,9 response1 ! ,committee ( ,eight 0 select$ to consid] ! problems sugge/$ & prep>e a report4 ,c>e 0 ex]cis$ 9 mak+ up ! committee to secure a majority :o %\ld be 9 actual t\* ) ! "w ( ! elem5t>y s*ools4 ,z orig9ally compos$1 ! committee consi/$ ( ?ree sup]9t5d5ts ( s*ools1 two tea*]s 9 normal s*ools1 & two f ! colleges4 ,x _c be said1 !re=e1 t ! report f9ally pres5t$ aft] f\r ye>s ( labor is ! result ( ! work+ out ( f9e-drawn !ories on ! "p ( college m54 ,9 fa%ion+ ! report1 pres5t conditions 7 kept /eadily 9 m9d4 ,look+ t[>ds "s uni=mity 9 ! program = hi/ory 9 our elem5t>y s*ools1 due praise mu/ always be accord$ to ! report ( ! ,madison ,conf]5ce on ,hi/ory1 ,civil ,gov]nm5t & ,economics1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #ahic1 & to ! supplem5t>y report ( ! ,committee ( ,sev54 ,9 ^! reports we f9d ! fir/ significant decl>ations t hi/ory is entitl$ to a place ( dignity 9 all second>y & elem5t>y s*ool programs4 ,"s two hundr$ sup]9t5d5ts ( s*ools 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry h submitt$ = ! consid]ation ( ! committee :at !y believ$ to be ! be/ programs1 & _m elem5t>y hi/ory tea*]s h be5 consult$ on v>i\s features ( ! report4 ,opportunity = discuss+ ! mo/ important phases 0 giv5 9 a numb] ( tea*]s' associations 9 v>i\s sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,?r\gh ^! lett]s & discussions ! committee has obta9$ _m practical sugge/ions4 ,! committee has attempt$ to pres5t a plan ( /udy :i* w\ld br+ ab\t conc]t$ endeavor1 avoid duplication ( "w 9 ! sev]al grades1 & produce unity ( purpose4 ,to ?is end1 our fundam5tal proposition is1 t hi/ory tea*+ 9 ! elem5t>y s*ools %\ld be focus$ ar\nd ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,by ?is we d n mean to imply t ,am]ican hi/ory has to d ) ev5ts1 alone1 :i* h occurr$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,! object is to expla9 ! civilization1 ! in/itutions1 & ! traditions ( ! ,am]ica ( to-day4 ,am]ica _c be und]/ood )\t tak+ into acc\nt ! hi/ory ( its v>i\s peoples be=e !y cross$ ! ,atlantic4 ,inde$1 too mu* emphasis has h]et(ore be5 laid ^u ! ,atlantic z a natural b\nd>y n m]ely ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 b also ( ! hi/ory ( ,am]ica4 ,! gr\p+ ( ! subject matt] = ! sev]al grades is z foll[s3 ,9 ! fir/ two grades1 ! object is to give ! *ild an impression ( primitive life & an appreciation ( public holidays4 ,to ! succe$+ ?ree grades is assign$ ! /udy ( great lead]s & h]oes2 _w h]oes 9 ! ?ird2 ,am]ican explor]s & lead]s 9 ,am]ica to ! p]iod ( ! ,revolution 9 ! f\r?2 & lead]s ( ! national p]iod 9 ! fif?4 ,9 addition1 !re %\ld be not$ ! mann]s1 cu/oms1 &1 s f> z possible1 ! indu/ries ( ! v>i\s sections ( ! c\ntry at ! p]iod "u discussion4 ,! six? grade1 z outl9$1 w at fir/ glance pres5t ! greate/ difficulties4 ,) full appreciation ( ?is t5d5cy1 ! committee has c>efully & at great] l5g? ?an = ! o!r grades1 def9$ its position4 ,x is recomm5d$ t !re %\ld be pres5t$ to pupils ( ?is grade ^? features ( anci5t & m$ieval life :i* expla9 ei!r important elem5ts ( our civilization or :i* %[ h[ ! movem5t = discov]y & colonization orig9at$4 ,a glance at ! outl9e %[s t x is n int5d$ t ! topics %\ld be pres5t$ z organiz$ hi/ory4 ,x goes )\t ! say+ t pupils 9 ?is grade are n prep>$ to /udy sci5tific hi/ory 9 its logical & ord]ly developm5t4 ,b1 z /at$ 9 ! report1 !y are prep>$ to receive m or less def9ite impressions t may be convey$ to !m by means ( pictures1 descriptions1 & illu/rative /ories1 arrang$ 9 *ronological sequ5ce4 ,9 receiv+ su* impressions1 !y w n und]/& ! full mean+ ( ! great ev5ts t\*$ ^u1 b !y w cat* some?+ ( ! _s & purpose ( ! ,greeks1 ! ,romans1 & o!r types ( racial life4 ,= ! sev5? grade1 x is recomm5d$ t ! gr[? & settlem5t ( ! colonies be tak5 up ) en\gh ( ! ,european backgr\nd to expla9 ev5ts 9 ,am]ica hav+ _! causes 9 ,engl& or ,europe4 ,"h %\ld be consid]$ also ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,! subject matt] ( ! eigh? grade w\ld include ! inauguration ( ! new gov]nm5t1 ! political1 indu/rial & social developm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/w>d expansion & a brief /udy ( ! gr[? ( ! great rival /ates ( ,europe4 ,is x n beyond dispute t mu* ( our tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 ! pa/ has fail$ ( prop] results = ! reason t pupils advanc+ f grade to grade h be5 compell$ to consid] topics ) :i* !y h gr[n famili>8 ,:o has n not$ ! dead5+ effect on ! int]e/ ( pupils1 especially 9 ! hi/ory ( our own c\ntry1 :]e ! prescrib$ c\rse f\nd 9 _m s*ools has be5 fai?fully foll[$1 :i* provides a text 9 elem5t>y ,am]ican hi/ory = ! fif? & six? grades1 succe$$ by a gramm> s*ool ,am]ican hi/ory 9 ! next two grades8 ,to secure cont9u$ int]e/1 x is advis$ t !re be (f]$1 9 ea* ( ! sev]al ye>s1 "o di/9ct portion or section ( our c\ntry's hi/ory2 t ?is be pres5t$ ) z mu* fulness z possible & t ! recurr5ce 9 successive ye>s ( subject matt] t has once be5 outl9$ be avoid$4 ,:ile ! prop] di/ribution ( hi/orical subject matt] is ! prime feature ( ! report1 ! committee w\ld emphasize ! consid]ation ( o!r items1 su* z ! outl9e pres5t$ = elem5t>y lessons on gov]nm5t2 ! tra9+ suitable = ! tea*]2 ! correlation ) geography & lit]ature1 & ! me?ods to be employ$4 ,9 (f]+ ! report1 we are aw>e t a lit]al int]pretation ( "s ( its phases w\ld preclude its use 9 _m ( our s*ools4 ,b let x be borne 9 m9d t no "o ( u has = a mom5t assum$ t !re is to be a rigid adh]5ce to detail 9 ! m9or sub-divisions ( ea* ye>'s "w4 ,if ! report z a :ole appeals to tea*]s z po9t+ ! way to a practical solution = _m ( ! problems n[ enc\nt]$1 !n may we look ) confid5ce = m satisfy+ results f our elem5t>y hi/ory tea*+1 & z a consequ5ce expect m consid]ation = ! subject itself on ! "p ( ^? :o control ! mak+ ( s*ool programs4 ,hi/ory 9 ! ,elem5t>y ,s*ools ,,report ,,to ,,! ,,am]ican ,,hi/orical ,,association ,,by ,,! ,,committee ,,( ,,eight#c ,,review$ ,,by ,,s>ah ,a4 ,,dynes1 ,,head ,,( ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,new ,,j]sey ,,/ate ,,normal ,,& ,,model ,,s*ools1 ,,tr5ton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,! c\rse ( /udy 9 hi/ory = elem5t>y s*ools mapp$ out 9 ! 8,report ( ! ,committee ( ,eight0 is an attempt to secure by ! aid ( a national organization "s uni=mity 9 ! program = hi/ory4 ,! p]sonnel ( ! committee l$ u to expect an able report4 ,! speciali/ 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1 ! speciali/ 9 ,european hi/ory1 & ! speciali/ 9 ! p$agogy ( hi/ory = elem5t>y grades 7 all repres5t$4 ,?ree sup]9t5d5ts ( s*ools ^u ! committee seem$ to w>rant u 9 anticipat+ t ! rights ( o!r subjects 9 ! elem5t>y curriculum w\ld be gu>d$1 & t hi/ory w\ld n be p]mitt$ to absorb an undue proportion ( ! pupil's "t4 ,! pres5ce ( ^? closely associat$ ) elem5t>y s*ools caus$ ! pres5t actual condition ( su* s*ools to be kept cle>ly 9 m9d :ile ! "w proce$$4 ,practical exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 deal+ ) bo? ! elem5t>y tea*] & ! elem5t>y pupil l$ !m to inquire at ea* /ep :e!r a propos$ *ange 7 possible1 :ile ! exp]i5ce ( ! speciali/s 9 ,am]ican hi/ory & 9 ,european hi/ory naturally call$ att5tion to :at w\ld be desirable f ! /&po9t ( subject-matt]4 ,! committee pres5t$ a prelim9>y report = consid]ation & frank discussion at ?ree diff]5t regul> meet+s ( ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association held at ,*icago1 ,baltimore & ,provid5ce respectively4 ,a report ( :at _h be5 accompli%$ by ! committee at ! close ( its second ye> ( "w1 0 pres5t$ to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,sup]9t5d5ts at a regul> meet+ ( ! ,national ,educational ,association = #aijg4 ,c]ta9 features ( ! report 7 also discuss$ at a regul> meet+ ( ! ,hi/ory ,tea*]s' ,association ( ! ,middle ,/ates & ,m>yl&1 held 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,sugge/$ topics ( ! report 7 discuss$ by ! ,*icago ,hi/ory ,tea*]s' ,association & by ! ,hi/ory ,tea*]s' ,association ( ! ,nor? ,c5tral ,/ates4 ,f ! =ego+ x is easily se5 t !re has be5 no undue ha/e 9 arriv+ at conclusions4 ,x w be not$ also t all exp]i5c$ tea*]s ( hi/ory1 & all sup]9t5d5ts :o are really int]e/$ 9 improv+ ! quality ( ! tea*+ ( elem5t>y hi/ory h _h abundant opportunity to contribute t[>d ! improvem5t ( ! propos$ c\rse1 & to object to t :i* seem$ vision>y1 impracticable1 or unwise4 ,int]e/ 9 ! report has be5 widespread dur+ ! pa/ ?ree ye>s1 & x is gratify+ to "k t x is n[ publi%$ 9 a =m :i* makes x accessible to all int]e/$4 ,! c\rse includes a s]ies ( organiz$ gr\ps ( topics = ! fir/ eight ye>s ( s*ool life4 ,! mo/ cursory exam9ation ( ! "w sugge/$ = ! prim>y grades br+s to view ^! expressions3 7#a7 8,hi/orical backgr\nds1 7#b7 ,/ories1 7#c7 ,pictures1 7#d7 ,con/ruction1 7#e7 ,tea*]'s li/ ( books40 ,?is is c]ta9ly enc\rag+4 ,x sugge/s m5tal pictures4 ,x emphasizes vivid impressions ( concrete1 objective reality4 ,?+s are to be se51 t\*$1 us$ 9 new comb9ations4 ,! prep>ation ( ! tea*] is to be 9 "p f books1 n f a book4 ,%e is made to feel t elem5t>y hi/ory mu/ be picture-mak+1 n ^w-gett+4 ,a clos] exam9ation %[s t !re is no repetition ( subject-matt] z ! *ild passes f grade to grade4 ,?is la/ feature w be welcom$ mo/ he>tily by ! elem5t>y tea*] ( hi/ory4 ,no?+ is m gratify+ ?an to h ! entire responsibility ( tea*+ ! topics assign$ to h] own grade4 ,if %e is a fif?-grade tea*]1 & is mak+ h] prep>ation = tea*+ a biography ( ,daniel ,boone1 %e c look back ?r\gh ! topics sugge/$ by ! committee to be tak5 up 9 grades f\r1 ?ree1 two & "o1 & congratulate h]self t no o!r tea*] has t\*$ t topic4 ,x is h] privilege to introduce ?is h]o ) ! fulle/ assurance t !re is no dang] ( trespass+ ^u ! t]ritory ( ano!r4 ,if1 at ! close ( ! "w1 ! pupils ( ! fif? grade h a vivid picture ( life on ! bord]1 if !y h be5 l$ to sympa?ize ) ! dang]s1 ! trials1 ! h>d%ips ( fronti] life1 & h ga9$ an impression ( ! importance ( ,daniel ,boone's s]vice to 8 fell[ m51 %e has done a cr$itable piece ( "w4 ,if !y are bewild]$1 my/ifi$1 confus$ & glad to leave ! subject1 %e has no "o to blame b h]self4 ,by not+ :at has be5 done 9 ! f\r prec$+ grades1 %e has reason to expect a c]ta9 am\nt ( skill on ! "p ( pupils 9 con/ruction "w4 ,! pupils h already built wigwams1 & t w make x easi] = !m to make a hunt]'s camp1 or to draw a repres5tation ( a cab9 on ! cattle range1 or ( ! =t at ,boonesbor\gh4 ,!y h _h practice 9 int]pret+ pictures & 9 f9d+ pictures2 !y h _h exp]i5ce ) s&-tables & 9 clay model+ & 9 mak+ co/umes2 !y h be5 reproduc+ /ories & anecdotes1 & tak+ "p 9 discussions2 consequ5tly1 %e c expect a vocabul>y 9 :i* !re is a mean+ & significance atta*$ to ! words us$4 ,:at has be5 illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( ,daniel ,boone is z true ( any o!r topic4 ,"s topics are to be taught 9 m ?an "o grade1 b 9 ea* case ! committee has c>efully plann$ to avoid ov]lapp+ & prev5t repetition4 ,9 ! fif? grade ! topics are organiz$ into twelve gr\ps1 lett]$ ,a to ,l inclusive1 ) f ?ree to five sub-topics 9 a gr\p4 ,! foll[+ selections %[ ! g5]al scope ( ! "w outl9$3 ,gr\p ,d is 8,! ,great ,we/10 & ,daniel ,boone is "o ( ! sub-topics to be taught 9 t gr\p4 ,gr\p ,e1 8,! ,nor?we/10 conta9s ! /ory ( ,george ,rog]s ,cl>k z "o ( ! sub-topics4 ,gr\p ,g1 8,increas+ ! ,size ( ! ,new ,republic10 conta9s ! /ory ( ,lewis & ,cl>k4 ,gr\p ,l1 8,great ,indu/ries10 conta9s ! foll[+ /ories3 ,cotton--! cotton fields2 ! factory4 ,:eat--! :eat field2 gra9 elevators4 ,cattle--cattle-graz+2 /ocky>ds4 ,coal & ,iron--! m9es2 ! furnaces2 ! products4 ,9 addition to ^! biographical /ories select$ f ! field ( ,am]ican hi/ory1 ! committee sugge/s t tw5ty m9utes a week = "o-half ( ! ye> %\ld be devot$ to ! /udy ( civics4 ,! foll[+ are sugge/$ topics to be discuss$3 8,! ,fire ,dep>tm5t10 8,! ,police ,dep>tm5t10 8,! ,po/-(fice ,sy/em10 8,/reet ,clean+ & ,spr9kl+10 8,public ,libr>ies40 ,! committee1 9 a table giv5 on page #abf1 %[s h[ a place may be made on ! program 9 ea* grade = ! /udy ( hi/ory4 ,t program provides only "o recitation p] week 9 ! fir/ ?ree grades4 ,9 ! f\r? & fif? grades !re w\ld be two recitations a week4 ,! "w sugge/$ 9 ! report = ! fir/ five grades c\ld be easily accompli%$ 9 ! "t /at$ 9 ! program4 ,! committee sugge/s t a text-book be plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! pupils 9 grades six1 sev5 & eight1 b emphasizes ! necessity ( oral "w 9 ! fir/ five grades4 ,!y also advise ! cont9uation ( mu* oral "w 9 ! six? grade4 ,! subject-matt] ( ! six? grade includes su* portions ( ,european hi/ory z be> mo/ directly on ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,! topics select$ = /udy are organiz$ into six gr\ps1 lett]$ ,a to ,f inclusive4 ,c\nt+ "o recitation z ! unit ( measurem5t 9 e/imat+ ! relative am\nt ( "t to be devot$ to ea* gr\p1 ! committee e/imates ! relative importance ( ! gr\ps ?us3 ,gr\ps ,f & ,c h ?irte5 units ea*2 gr\p ,e has twelve2 gr\p ,b has sev52 gr\p ,a has five2 gr\p ,d only ?ree4 ,?is mann] ( indicat+ ! relative importance ( ! gr\ps w be ( great value to ! inexp]i5c$ tea*]4 ,! committee also wisely sugge/s 8:at n to attempt0 9 ?is grade4 ,! great] portion ( ! pupil's "t 9 ! six? grade is to be sp5t ^u ! foll[+ topics3 8,alfr$ & ! ,engli%02 8,h[ ! ,engli% ,began to ,w9 ,_! ,lib]ties02 8,! ,discov]y ( ! ,we/]n ,_w02 8,european ,rivalries ,:i* ,influ5c$ ,conque/ & ,colonization40 ,9 ?is grade also !re is to be in/ruction 9 civics = "o-half ye>1 tw5ty m9utes a week4 ,a li/ ( topics sugge/$ includes ! foll[+3 8,wat] ,supply & ,sew]age ,sy/em02 8,! ,bo>d ( ,heal?02 8,juv5ile ,c\rts40 ,! program 7p4 #abf7 previ\sly ref]r$ to provides ?ree recitations p] week 9 hi/ory = ! six? grade4 ,! topics ( ! sev5? grade are organiz$ into six gr\ps1 all ( :i* are connect$ ) ! exploration & settlem5t ( ,nor? ,am]ica & ! gr[? ( ! colonies1 to ! close ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,en\gh ( ! ,european backgr\nd to make cle> ! significance ( c]ta9 situations 9 ,am]ica is includ$4 ,! gr\p head+s are z foll[s3 ,a--8,! ,fir/ ,settlem5ts 79 ,am]ica7 ( ! ,?ree ,rivals ( ,spa940 ,b--8,exiles = ,political or ,religi\s ,causes40 ,c--8,colonial ,rivalries40 ,d--8,gr[? ( ! ,engli% ,colonies40 ,e--8,/ruggle = ,colonial ,empire betwe5 ,engl& & ,france40 ,f--8,f ,colonies to ,commonweal?40 ,! topics 9 civics are ^? t gr[ naturally out ( ! in/ruction 9 hi/ory1 su* z an explanation ( our se>* w>rant 9 connection ) a /udy ( ! writs ( assi/ance1 & 9 addition1 topics ( ?is "*3 8,/ate ,*>ities10 8,/ate ,s*ools10 8,/ate ,p5al ,in/itutions10 8,national ,p>ks10 8,pres]vation ( ,=e/s10 8,con/ruction ( ,roads1 ,canals1 ,h>bors40 ,^! topics 9 civics are to be cov]$ 9 a "t all[ance ( =ty m9utes a week = ! entire ye>4 ,! numb] ( recitations 9 hi/ory indicat$ 9 ?is grade is eighty-sev5 7#hg71 ( :i* ! la/ gr\p1 ,f1 has #cd1 & ,a has only #e2 ,b has #ah2 ,c & ,d h #aa ea*2 ,e has #h4 ,! "w = ! eigh? grade beg9s ) ! con/itutional p]iod ( ,am]ican hi/ory1 & closes ) ! problems :i* confront our nation to-day1 due to our rapid indu/rial developm5t1 comm]cial rivalry1 & our rec5t annexations4 ,^! topics are organiz$ into sev5 ma9 gr\ps1 z foll[s3 ,a--8,organization ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,b--8,! ,new ,republic & ,revolution 9 ,europe40 ,c--8,indu/rial & ,social ,developm5t40 ,d--8,new ,neighbors & ,new ,problems40 ,e--8,expansion ,makes ! ,slav]y ,"q ,dom9ant40 ,f--8,! ,crisis ( ! ,republic40 ,g--8,! ,new ,union & ! ,l>g] ,europe40 ,! committee sugge/s ! relative am\nt ( "t to be devot$ to ea* sub-topic 9 ?is grade4 ,n9ety-f\r recitation p]iods are requir$ to cov] ! "w outl9$1 #ai ( :i* are giv5 to ,f1 #af to ,b1 #ae to ,g2 ,c & ,d h #ab ea*1 & ,a & ,e h #aj ea*4 ,! committee also sugge/s t an av]age ( sixty m9utes a week be devot$ to civics 9 ?is grade1 & t a text-book 9 civics1 z well z a text-book 9 hi/ory1 be plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ea* pupil4 ,! function ( city1 ,/ate & national gov]nm5t %\ld be emphasiz$1 r ?an ! ma*9]y ( ea*4 ,! actual "w ( ! gov]nm5t to-day1 & concrete in/ances ( civic duty %\ld be discuss$1 & a special /udy ( su* topics z 8,*ild ,labor10 8,corruption 9 ,politics10 8,be/ ,me?ods ( ,"w 9 ,local ,city ,gov]nm5ts10 is advis$4 ,fifte5 pages are devot$ to a discussion ( ! prep>ation ( ! tea*]4 ,! sugge/ions (f]$ are helpful1 & 9 accordance ) ! be/ educational !ories4 ,! entire *apt]1 ?\gh brief1 %[s cle>ly ! ne$ ( special prep>ation1 if a tea*] hopes to make a success ( h] "w4 ,! entire book is a tea*]'s book4 ,! outl9es giv5 are n = ! class-room2 !y are to s]ve z a sugge/ion to ! tea*]1 :o w make h] own outl9es1 bas$ ^u ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ! report1 & deal+ ) ! phases ( subject-matt] :i* ! committee select$4 ,no attempt has be5 made to g beyond :at is already be+ done 9 ! be/ s*ools ( ! c\ntry4 ,! committee has tri$ to %[ :at is possible 9 elem5t>y grades4 ,! report w d\btless t5d to improve ! "w 9 ! less favor$ sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,! plan ( "w pres5t$ is a v def9ite & c>efully-consid]$ plan1 :i* is c]ta9ly entitl$ to a fair trial on its m]its4 8,! ,/udy ( ,hi/ory 9 ! ,elem5t>y ,s*ools--,report to ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association by ! ,committee ( ,eight40 ,new ,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons4 #aiji4 ,pp4 xvii1 #ada4 #ej c5ts4 ,,footnote3 #c ,james ,alton ,james1 ,*airman1 ,h5ry ,k4 ,b\rne1 ,eug5e ,c4 ,brooks1 ,wilbur ,f4 ,gordy1 ,mabel ,hill1 ,julius ,sa*s1 ,h5ry ,w4 ,?ur/on1 ,j4 ,h4 ,van ,sickle ,sugge/ions on ,elem5t>y ,hi/ory#d ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,frankl9 ,l4 ,,riley1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,mississippi4 ,outl9e = ,oral ,lessons on ,we/w>d ,immigration4 7,adapt$ to ! ,?ird or ,f\r? ,grade47 #a4 ,! ,we/]n ,c\ntry & ,h[ ,x 0 ,rea*$--,virg9ians & _! neighbors mov$ (t5] ?an ! coloni/s to ! nor?4 ,attract$ by 8m9]al spr+s10 8salt licks0 & 8blue grass40 ,buffalo pa?s conv]ge at ,cumb]l& ,gap4 ,wild]ness ,road1 two hundr$ miles long1 f ,virg9ia ?r\gh ?is gap to ,k5tucky1 made by ,daniel ,boone 9 *>ge ( ?irty m54 ,at fir/ only a n>r[ pa? = horsem5 & footm54 ,pack saddles1 h[ made & us$4 #b4 ,daniel ,boone1 8,columbus ( ! ,l&40--,born 9 ,p5nsylvania1 fa!r settl$ 9 ,wilkes ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :5 ,daniel 0 ab\t #ac ye>s old4 ,e>ly life on fronti] f>m1 us$ gun almo/ z e>ly z hoe4 ,little log home4 ,m>ri$ at #bj2 five ye>s lat] he decid$ to move1 want$ 8elb[ room40 8,if ^! p keep com+1 soon !re w n be a b> 9 all ?is c\ntry40 ,prospect+ trip across ! m\nta9s1 ) two or ?ree backwoodsm5 at ! "t ( ! ,fr5* & ,indian ,w>4 ,up a tree to escape f a be>4 8,d4 ,boone cill$ a b> on ?is tree 9 #agfj0 on a bee* tree 9 ,ea/]n ,t5nessee4 #c4 ,new ,homes 9 ! ,wild]ness--,n9e ye>s aft] kill+ ! be> 9 ,t5nessee he w5t to ,k5tucky to f9d a new home4 ,wild game1 de]1 be>1 buffaloes1 wolves4 ,%elt] ( logs op5 on "o side4 8,d>k & ,bloody ,gr\nd40 ,indian tricks1 imitat+ turkeys & owls4 8,kill$0 a 8/ump40 ,captur$ by ,indians4 ,escape aft] sev5 days4 ,alone 9 ! wild]ness1 #ejj miles f home4 ,=ty new settl]s f ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,capture ( ,boone's daught] & two o!r girls by ,indians & _! rescue4 ,elizabe? ,kane & ! grapev9e sw+4 ,boone a prison] 9 ,detroit4 ,indians refuse #ejj = him4 ,8 escape4 ,removal to ,miss\ri4 ,dea? & burial at ,frank=t4 #d4 ,a ,fronti] ,home--,log cab9 9 a cle>+ ne> ! =t4 ,ladd] aga9/ wall = /airway & pegs 9 wall = clo?+4 ,r\gh bo>ds support$ by f\r wood5 pegs = d9+ table4 ,dirt floor4 #e4 ,life ( a ,pione] ,boy--,taught to imitate notes & calls ( birds & wild animals1 to set traps & to %oot ! rifle4 ,at #ab he became a =t soldi]1 ) a por?ole assign$ to him4 ,taught to foll[ an ,indian trail & to conceal 8 own :5 on ! w>pa?4 #f4 ,sugge/$ ,topics = ,o!r ,lessons3 7#a7 ,! ,/ory ( ,james ,rob]tson4 7#b7 ,! ,/ory ( ,john ,sevi]4 7#c7 ,! ,/ory ( ,george ,rog]s ,cl>k4 7#d7 ,/ories ( ! ,fr5* 9 ,am]ica & ! ,/ruggle = ! ,mississippi ,valley4 #g4 ,bibliography--,gordy's 8,am]ican ,lead]s & ,h]oes0 7,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons72 ,mc,murry's 8,pione]s ( ! ,mississippi ,valley0 & ,h>t's 8,s\rce ,read] 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory10 ,no4 #c1 & ,eggle/on's 8,/ories ( ,great ,am]icans0 & 8,fir/ ,book 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory0 7,a4 ,b4 ,co472 ,ca!rwood's 8,h]oes ( ! ,middle ,we/10 & ,blaisdell & ,ball's 8,h]o ,/ories f ,am]ican ,hi/ory0 7,g9n ,co472 ,aunt ,*>lotte's 8,/ories ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory0 7,d4 ,appleton ,co474 ,me?ods ( ,prim>y ,in/ruction4 #a4 ,oral pres5tation4 ,^! /ories %\ld be giv5 by ! tea*] 9 a simple1 animat$ /yle1 adapt$ to ! m5tal /atus ( ! *ild4 ,!y %\ld ab\nd 9 n>ration r ?an description4 ,*ildr5 l action4 ,dur+ ! fir/ two ye>s !y %\ld be relat$ r ?an read4 #b4 ,illu/rations4 ,frequ5t use %\ld be made ( blackbo>d illu/rations4 ,pr9t$ pictures1 objects1 etc41 %\ld also be us$4 #c4 ,con/ruction4 ,*ildr5 %\ld d con/ructive "w along l9es sugge/$ by ! lessons--draw pictures1 make log h\ses1 b[s1 arr[s1 wigwams1 etc4 #d4 ,reproduction4 ,! /ories %\ld be frequ5tly repeat$ by ! pupil until !y are ?or\ghly ma/]$4 ,!y %\ld also be reproduc$ 9 writt5 =m z soon z ! *ild is suffici5tly advanc$4 #e4 ,note books4 ,! *ildr5 %\ld copy _! /ories aft] !y h be5 correct$ into _! hi/ory note books4 ,neatness %\ld be emphasiz$4 #f4 ,memory "w4 ,! *ildr5 %\ld memorize hi/orical poems & brief extracts f hi/orical lit]ature1 :i* are ?or\ghly compreh5sible to !m4 #g4 ,read+4 ,! *ildr5 %\ld be enc\rag$ to acquire new facts = !mselves f books t are easily compreh5sible to !m4 #h4 ,reviews4 ,!re %\ld be frequ5t reviews4 ,^! ex]cises %\ld be v>i$ z mu* z possible & %\ld be (t5 held at unexpect$ times4 ,call on diff]5t memb]s ( ! class to tell ( _! favorite *>act]s2 give *>act]i/ic incid5ts n already relat$1 9 ! life ( a p]son1 & let ! *ildr5 guess :o x is2 let !m guess :at c]ta9 pictures repres5t1 etc4 #i4 ,rew>ds4 ,! *ild %\ld be occasionally rew>d$ ) some?+ to read ab\t 8 favorite "*4 ,rew>d ! m9d1 b d n p]mit x to be surfeit$4 #aj4 ,problems4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ! prim>y c\rse special att5tion %\ld be giv5 to hi/orical problems4 ,see ,mc,murry's 8,special ,me?od 9 ,hi/ory10 pp4 #ff-gd4 ,sugge/ions on ,prim>y ,hi/ory4 #a4 ,h ! purpose & outl9e ( ! /ory well 9 h& be=e pres5t+ x1 & let y\r pres5tation be indep5d5t ( ! book4 ,! outl9e ( y\r /ory %\ld be v c>efully prep>$4 #b4 ,avoid complex details4 ,tell /ory vividly4 8,! educational value ( ^! /ories does n dep5d ^u lit]al accuracy40 #c4 ,! sequ5ce ( ev5ts & _! relations are m important ?an dates4 8,a long "t ago0 means m to a *ild ?an #adib4 #d4 ,lay special /ress on e?ical tea*+2 cut d[n w>s & milit>y campaigns z mu* z possible4 #e4 ,g sl[ly4 ,ha/e is a poor policy4 ,a tea*] may sometimes devote weeks to a s+le "* to advantage4 ,d n cram facts indiscrim9ately into *ildr5's m9ds4 #f4 ,d n repeat /ories to ! same *ildr5 f ye> to ye>4 #g4 ,= directions 8,h[ to ,select ,/ories10 see ,mc,murry's 8,special ,me?od 9 ,hi/ory10 pp4 #cd-dj4 #h4 ,= directions 8,h[ to ,tell ,/ories10 see ,ibid1 pp4 #ed-ef4 #i4 ,= directions 8,h[ to ,h ,/ories ,reproduc$10 see ,ibid1 pp4 #eg-eh4 #aj4 ,= a discussion ( ! difficulties ( oral in/ruction1 see ,ibid1 pp4 #ei-ff4 ,,footnote3 #d ,editor's ,note4--,^! & _m o!r helpful sugge/ions h be5 privately pr9t$ by ,pr(essor ,riley 9 a syllabus entitl$ 8,me?ods ( ,tea*+ ,hi/ory 9 ,public ,s*ools10 ,univ]sity1 ,miss41 price #be c5ts4 ,a ,type ,lesson = ! ,grades ,,by ,,arm& ,j4 ,,g]son4 ,,! ,,spani% ,,claim4 ,a ,type ,lesson4 ,( ! _m compla9ts made by hi/ory tea*]s 9 second>y s*ools reg>d+ prep>ation giv5 9 ! grades p]haps none conta9s a great] am\nt ( tru? ?an ! (t-repeat$ /atem5t t :ile pupils leave our elem5t>y s*ools ) a l>ge /ock ( hi/orical t]ms & phrases !y (t5 lack a real grasp ( _! significance4 ,i "k ( a pupil :o aft] a :ole ye> ( ,six? ,grade "w def9$ tax z 8money t is paid = tea10 & :o hone/ly ?\ght t ,george ,,iii's m9i/]s 7 8a sort ( cl]gym540 ,/ill m frequ5t are ! in/ances :]e ! pupil's notions ( t]ms us$ are s hazy & inadequate z n to admit ( def9ition at all4 ,?is condition may be v>i\sly expla9$4 ,! tr\ble is (t5 caus$ by an improp] use ( ! text-book1 ! incompet5t tea*] re/+ cont5t if ! pupil commits ! words on ! pages & recites !m ) "s semblance ( intellig5ce4 ,9 mo/ cases1 h[ev]1 x is safe to say t ! misconceptions are ! result ( ! tea*]'s failure to grasp ! *ild's difficulties1 8 inability to put himself into ! pupil's place & realize ! m5tal equipm5t :i* ! *ild br+s to ! grasp+ ( ! new ideas4 ,be ! cause ( ! difficulty :at x may1 ! recognition ( its exi/5ce mu/ be ! fir/ /ep t[>d its removal4 ,! ^w 8claim0 occupies a prom95t place among ! di/urb]s ( ! peace4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! hi/ory "w ! *ildr5 become famili> ) ! fact t ! voyages & explorations ( ! ,spani%1 ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,dut* someh[ give rise to 8l& claims0 ^: ov]lapp+ results 9 int]e/+ int]national conflicts4 ,judici\s que/ion+1 h[ev]1 is apt to disclose a surpris+ lack ( def9it5ess z to ! mean+ ( ?is ^w 8claim40 ,9 accordance ) ! type-lesson me?od ?is vagu5ess ( compreh5sion might readily be avoid$ if ! 8claim0 concept 7 develop$ ?or\ghly 9 connection ) ! explorations ( a s+le ,european nation4 ,9 o!r words1 ! tea*+ ( a typical claim =ms ! sure/ sort ( basis = ! compreh5sion ( l& claims 9 g5]al4 ,spa91 because ( ! e>ly date ( its explorations1 naturally sugge/s itself z ! type4 ,let ! pupil und]/& int5sively all t we c tea* him ab\t ! ,spani% claim--h[ f> x ext5d$1 on :at x 0 bas$1 :at x meant--& !re w be no difficulty :5 we come to develop ! claims ( ,engl&1 ,france & ,holl&4 ,9 pres5t+ ! type lesson on ! ,spani% claim ! tea*] mu/ c>efully di/+ui% & /rongly emphasize ! type-elem5ts1 i4 e41 ^? aspects ( ! subject :i* help =m a cle> concept or patt]n4 ,*ief among ^! type-elem5ts may be m5tion$ ! foll[+3 ,a cle> und]/&+ ( :at we mean by 8"r ( discov]y20 "s notion ( ! di/ance a claim may be said to ext5d beyond ! po9t or coa/ explor$2 a def9ite compreh5sion ( :at is meant :5 we speak ( a nation 8own+0 l&2 a m5tal attitude t[>d ! rights ( ! orig9al inhabitants4 ,ref]5ce to ^! fundam5tals w h to be made repeat$ly :5 ! claims ( o!r ,european nations are 9 _! turn pres5t$ to ! class1 b ?is m]e ref]5ce is all t w be requir$ if ! type-elem5ts develop$ 9 connection ) ! ,spani% claim h be5 ?or\ghly gr\nd$4 ,! p>ticul> incid5ts ( ! ,spani% /ory1 p$agogically speak+1 are ( less fundam5tal significance4 ,9 connection ) ! ,columbus /ory ! class w h be5 br\ght to see t ! *ief political consequ5ce ( t ev5t consi/$ 9 ! ext5sion ( ,spani% dom9ion4 8,= ,ca/ile & ,leon ,columbus discov]$ a ,new ,_w0 conta9s an e?ical pr9ciple imm$iately recogniz$ by e boy ( t54 ,?is pr9ciple conta9s ! ess5ce ( ! :ole !ory ( discov]y & exploration1 & %\ld1 = a "t at lea/1 be all[$ to rema9 undisput$4 ,x might be well ev5 to re9=ce ?is !ory by ref]5ce to ! widely accept$ pr9ciple appli$ by our boys & girls 9 _! ev]yday life1--8f9d+ is keep+40 ,own]%ip ( :at we f9d may inde$ be disput$ by o!rs1 b ! f9d] may at lea/ be said to h a 8claim0 to x4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ,spa9 _h a 8claim0 to ! ,new ,_w4 ,b a nation's claim to newly discov]$ l& is 9 _m ways diff]5t f a boy's claim to a m>ble he has f\nd4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! boy has probably pick$ up ! :ole m>ble & put x 9 8 pocket4 ,! ,spani% explor]s1 on ! o!r h&1 only caught glimpses ( "p ( ! edge ( a great cont95t4 ,_h !y a good claim to ! :ole cont95t or c\ld !y only claim ! p>ts !y _h f\nd8 ,diff]5ce ( op9ion on ?is po9t is v possible & may give rise to pr(itable class discussion4 ,ignorance ( ! size & %ape ( ! cont95t1 conc5tration ( ,spani% int]e/ 9 ! s\?1 & ! decree ( ,pope ,alex&] %\ld all be po9t$ out z det]m9+ elem5ts 9 ! gradual def9+ ( ! ,spani% claim4 ,! "w ( ea* ( ! ,spani% explor]s %\ld be review$ 9 ?is connection1 & ! claim f9ally locat$ on ! map4 ,x is important1 9 ! next place1 t ! pupils %\ld devote "s ?\ght to ! "q ( :at we mean :5 we say ,spa9 8own$0 ,florida1 ,mexico1 etc4 ,9 ?is connection att5tion may well be call$ to ! !ory ( gov]nm5t g5]ally held 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! mod]n notion ( gov]nm5t exi/+ = ! sake ( ! gov]n$ _h sc>cely tak5 =m 9 ! m9ds ( m54 ,! nations ( ,europe 7 av[$ly selfi%4 ,spa9 8own$0 ,am]ica 9 ! s5se t %e c\ld make laws = its p1 dispose ( its t]ritory1 & control its res\rces4 ,f9ally1 a complete notion ( ,european claims to ! ,new ,_w mu/ p]=ce include "s ref]5ce to ! rights ( ! natives4 ,! comp>ative rights ( ! natives & ,europeans is =tunately n a "q ^u :i* we are call$ ^u to pron\nce a v]dict4 ,z an elem5t 9 all coloniz+ activities x requires our att5tion1 h[ev]1 & x c]ta9ly af=ds admirable opportunity = cultivat+ our pupils' human sympa?ies4 ,ref]5ce %\ld be made to ! pre-em95ce ( ! ,spani% claim on ! score ( priority4 ,x is to be borne 9 m9d t our type-lesson1 besides =m+ ! basis = ! tea*+ ( subsequ5t claims1 w h /ill great] significance :5 ! conflict ( ,european nations leads to ! great int]national /ruggle = ! ,new ,_w4 ,con/ant ref]5ce to maps & *>ts1 &1 m important /ill1 ! mak+ ( claim maps by ! pupils !mselves1 con/itute an obvi\s1 b none ! less ess5tial1 means ( r5d]+ def9ite & p]man5t ! results ( ! 8claim0 lesson4 ,a progressive map ^u :i* ! conflict ( claims c\ld be develop$ w be ( p>ticul> value4 ,our endeavor ?r\gh\t ! ,spani% claim lesson %\ld be to proce$ z sl[ly & c>efully z possible4 ,mu* ( ! detail pres5t$ ne$ n be reta9$ z su*1 b w s]ve its mo/ useful purpose by =m+ a sett+ = ! sali5t po9ts4 ,! aim ( ! type-lesson is to con/ruct a firm & sure f\ndation = lat] "w4 ,! ,hudson-,fulton ,celebration ,f ! #be? ( ,septemb]1 :5 ! ,half-,moon & ! ,cl]mont left _! tempor>y b]?s 9 ! ,kill van ,kill1 9 ,/at5 ,isl&1 to ,octob] #i?1 :5 !y rea*$ ! city ( ,troy1 ! p ( ! city & ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york devot$ !mselves ) rem>kable s+l5ess ( purpose to ! celebration ( two hi/orical incid5ts ( _w-wide importance3 ! discov]y ( ! riv] by ,h5ry ,hudson 9 #afji & ! successful completion ( ! fir/ /eamboat voyage up ! riv] to ,albany 9 #ahjg4 ,= mon?s be=e1 laym5 & pr(essional hi/orians & hi/ory tea*]s _h be5 busy prep>+ = ! celebration1 & ! result ( _! "w 0 to be se5 9 ! p>ades & pageants4 ,circul>s1 in/ructions1 maps1 pictures1 & ev5 hi/orical treatises1 succe$$ ea* o!r 9 almo/ endless succession4 ,( !m all1 ! pamphlet issu$ by ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 entitl$ 8,hudson-,fulton ,celebration1 #afji-ahjg-aiji10 & ! pr9t$ circul> issu$ by ! ,new ,york ,city ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 entitl$ 8,hudson-,fulton ,celebration--,sugge/ions = ,ex]cises10 are especially recomm5d$ to tea*]s :o are look+ = sugge/ions z to plans = simil> celebrations4 ,bo? c be _h by application to ! prop] au?orities4 ,! p>ades & pageants :i* m>k$ ! week's celebration 9 ,new ,york ,city h be5 s ?or\ghly describ$ 9 ! newspap]s & reviews t x w\ld be useless to discuss !m once aga9 9 ?is connection4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! tea*]1 ! naval p>ade ( ,saturday1 ,septemb] #be?1 ! hi/orical p>ade ( ,tuesday1 ,septemb] #bh?1 & ! s*ool commemorative ex]cises ( ,w$nesday1 ,septemb] #bi?1 & ,saturday1 ,octob] #b;d1 7 ! mo/ important & ! mo/ significant4 ,?\gh none ( ^! 0 p]fect 9 all its details1 /ill all ( !m gave to ! *ildr5 ( ! city opportunities = visualiz+ conditions z !y exi/$ 9 ! pa/ su* z no o!r me?od c\ld h done4 ,pages & pages ( description1 = in/ance1 c\ld give ! *ild no su* idea ( ! difficulties ( navigation 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies z ! brief view ( ! top-heavy1 clumsy & poorly-con/ruct$ model ( ! ,half-,moon did4 ,m valuable /ill 7 ! ex]cises1 l>gely 9 ! =m ( dramatization1 9 :i* ! *ildr5 ( e grade1 f ! k9d]g>t5 to ! la/ ye> ( ! high s*ool1 p>ticipat$1 bo? on ,w$nesday morn+ & on ,saturday aft]noon4 ,"h ! "w 0 ! result ( ! *ildr5's own con/ructive imag9ation1 aid$ & direct$ by skill$ tea*]s & hi/orians4 ,once aga91 z f> z possible1 ! *ildr5 7 all[$ to relive _! lives "u conditions :i* approximat$ ^? :i* surr\nd$ _! pr$ecessors dur+ ! la/ ?ree c5turies4 ,z to ! p]man5t results ( ! celebration1 x may be said1 fir/1 t ,new ,york ,city & ,new ,york ,/ate are to-day ri*] ?an !y w\ld o!rwise h be5 9 hi/orical monum5ts & commemorative tablets :i* are ( con/ant educational value4 ,fur!r1 bo? ! city & ! ,/ate h be5 /irr$ to an extraord9>y pit* ( civic pride & civic activity & 9 bo? ! *ildr5 h p>ticipat$ l>gely4 ,:at ! pa/ has accompli%$ has be5 ?or\ghly emphasiz$2 :at ! future dem&s has by no means be5 neglect$4 ,! lesson has ?us be5 bo? hi/orical & political4 ,z a model = o!r cities ?is celebration w long /& prem95t4 ,?\gh !re 7 _m errors & _m %ortcom+s1 o!r communities w1 nev]!less1 f9d 9 ! ex]cises & 9 ! pageants mu* to copy t 0 valuable4 ,?\gh ! "t & en]gy exp5d$ 7 great1 ! results 7 comm5surate4 ,a4 ,m4 ,w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,hi/ory ,tea*]'s ,magaz9e ,publi%$ mon?ly1 except ,july & ,augu/1 at #ehje ,g]mant[n ,av5ue1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 by ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y ,,publi%+ ,,co4 ,a4 ,e4 ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y1 ,proprietor4 ,,subscription ,,price4 ,"o doll> a ye>2 s+le copies1 #ae c5ts ea*4 ,,po/age ,,prepaid 9 ,unit$ ,/ates & ,mexico2 = ,canada1 #bj c5ts additional %\ld be add$ to ! subscription price1 & to o!r =eign c\ntries 9 ! ,po/al ,union1 #cj c5ts additional4 ,,*ange ,,( ,,address4 ,bo? ! old & ! new address mu/ be giv5 :5 a *ange ( address is ord]$4 ,,adv]tis+ ,,rates furni%$ ^u application4 ,,editors ,manag+ ,editor1 ,,alb]t ,e4 ,,mck9ley1 ,,ph4,d4 ,hi/ory 9 ! ,college & ! ,s*ool1 ,,ar?ur ,c4 ,,h[l&1 ,ph4,d41 ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,european ,hi/ory1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! ,tra9+ ( ! ,hi/ory ,tea*]1 ,,norman ,m4 ,,tr5holme1 ,pr(essor ( ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory1 ,s*ool ( ,education1 ,univ]sity ( ,miss\ri4 ,"s ,me?ods ( ,tea*+ ,hi/ory1 ,,fr$ ,,morr[ ,,fl+1 ,pr(essor ( ,european ,hi/ory1 ,univ]sity ( ,nebraska4 ,reports f ! ,hi/ory ,field1 ,,walt] ,h4 ,,cu%+1 ,secret>y1 ,new ,engl& ,hi/ory ,tea*]s' ,association4 ,am]ican ,hi/ory 9 ,second>y ,s*ools1 ,,ar?ur ,m4 ,,wolfson1 ,ph4,d41 ,de,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool1 ,new ,york4 ,! ,tea*+ ( ,civics 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ool1 ,,alb]t ,h4 ,,san=d1 ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool1 ,la ,crosse1 ,wis4 ,european ,hi/ory 9 ,second>y ,s*ools1 ,,daniel ,c4 ,,kn[lton1 ,ph4,d41 ,b>r+] ,high ,s*ool1 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 ,engli% ,hi/ory 9 ,second>y ,s*ools1 ,c4 ,b4 ,,newton1 ,lawr5ceville ,s*ool1 ,lawr5ceville1 ,n4 ,j4 ,anci5t ,hi/ory 9 ,second>y ,s*ools1 ,,william ,,fairley1 ,ph4,d41 ,comm]cial ,high ,s*ool1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hi/ory 9 ! ,grades1 ,,arm& ,j4 ,,g]son1 ,sup]vis+ ,pr9cipal1 ,rob]t ,morris ,public ,s*ool1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,correspond5ts4 ,,h5ry ,,johnson1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,,mabel ,,hill1 ,l[ell1 ,mass4 ,,george ,h4 ,,ga/on1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,,james ,f4 ,,will>d1 ,b\ld]1 ,col4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,edw>ds1 ,b]keley1 ,cal4 ,,walt] ,f4 ,,flem+1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la4 ,,editorial ,,policy4 ,x is n ! purpose ( ! editors ( ! ,,magaz9e to esp\se any p>ticul> p$agogical policy4 ,articles may appe> 9 ! pap] :i* advocate new policies or radical *anges ( me?od 9 ! s*ool or college curriculum2 b su* pap]s express ! views ( ! contributors only1 & n necess>ily ( ! editorial /aff ( ! pap]4 ,r x is _! wi% to make ! pap] a mirror ( ! be/ ?\ght & practice 9 ! pr(ession1 & to ?is end !y w welcome correspond5ce & contributions ^u all phases ( que/ions aris+ 9 ! tea*+ ( hi/ory4 ,let u h a frank & full discussion ( ! problems fac+ ! tea*]1 & ( ! be/ way ( solv+ ! problems2 n fads or hobbies1 b s\nd exp]i5ce & /rong p$agogical ideals4 ,! editors invite ! cop]ation ( _! read]s 9 mak+ ! pap] a 8cle>+-h\se = ideas 9 ! pr(ession40 ,,elem5t>y ,,s*ool ,,hi/ory4 ,x may be a matt] ( surprise t a pap] devot$ l>gely to ! int]e/s ( tea*]s ( hi/ory 9 second>y s*ools & colleges %\ld pr9t 9 "o numb] ne>ly five pages ( matt] relat+ to hi/ory 9 elem5t>y s*ools4 ,yet !re %\ld be no ne$ ( an apology4 ,7 n ! sev]al p>ts ( ! ,am]ican educational sy/em s indep5d5t ( "o ano!r1 our second>y & college tea*]s ( hi/ory w\ld n pride !mselves ^u _! ignorance ( conditions 9 ! elem5t>y s*ools4 ,because organically or politically !re is little correlation among ! ?ree p>ts ( ! sy/em1 ea* "p attempts to ignore ! o!rs1 reject+ sugge/ions conc]n+ its own "w1 & grudg+ly & condesc5d+ly giv+ advice conc]n+ ! o!rs4 ,) a few notable exceptions1 sev]al ( :om appe> z contributors to ?is numb] ( ! ,,magaz9e1 college m5 9 ,am]ica h kept s$ul\sly away f ! problems ( hi/ory tea*+ 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool1 or if !y h turn$ _! gaze ^u ! s*ools1 x has be5 to seek a m>ket = a new elem5t>y hi/ory textbook4 ,yet ! elem5t>y s*ool ne$s ! be/ ?\ght t ! nation c give to x2 n ! ?\ght ( elem5t>y s*ool m5 alone1 b ! cle>ness & directness & ?or\ghness :i* come s frequ5tly ) college tra9+4 ,x is sup]cili\sness or in]tia :i* leads a college in/ructor to say t he _c realize ! problems ( ! elem5t>y s*ool1 & !n to s5d 8 *ildr5 to a class taught by a "y girl fre% f ! normal s*ool or high s*ool4 ,x 0 n ?us t ! s*$ules = hi/ory 9 ! ,prussian or ,fr5* s*ools 7 made4 ,x is n by ?us leav+ ! det]m9ation ( policy to weak] employees t great corporations succe$4 ,& h[ mu* m valuable are our *ildr5 ?an corporate weal?6 ,! report ( ! ,committee ( ,eight is beyond d\bt ! mo/ important feature ( ! ye> 9 ! tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 ,am]ica4 ,x des]ves to rank ) ! report ( ! ,committee ( ,sev51 & its influ5ce may well be ev5 great]4 ,! report is rem>kable = its sanity1 its abs5ce ( !oriz+1 its und]/&+ ( ! m9d ( ! *ild at sev]al ages1 its cle>ness & g5]al helpfulness4 ,n cont5t ) m]ely outl9+ ! field ( hi/ory = ea* grade1 ! committee has realiz$ ! weakness ( ! tea*]1 & has con/ruct$ a c\rse ( /udy = h]1 & has ev5 gone s f> z to advise ! emphasis & am\nt ( "t to be giv5 to ea* subject4 ,s*$ule-mak]s h previ\sly _h no advice f hi/orians ^u ^! po9ts2 !y h be5 left sev]ely alone to fix _! days & h\rs & subjects z !y might ?9k be/4 ,! report *anges all ?is by comb9+ ! s*ol>ly k ( ! hi/orian ) ! skill ( ! p$agogical /ud5t & ) ! worldly wisdom ( ! s*$ule mak]4 ,( p>ticul> significance & orig9ality is ! arrangem5t ( topics by ye>s 9 su* a mann] t ! /ud5t receives some?+ new 9 ea* grade4 ,ev5 al?\gh all ! "w c5t]s ab\t ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 yet !re is no dead5+ repetition ye> aft] ye>4 ,! topics are c>efully select$ = ea* grade ) a view to increas+ difficulty ) ! advanc+ ye>s ( ! /ud5t4 ,p]haps no "o feature ( ! report m>ks a m di/9ct advance ?an ?is arrangem5t4 ,n only %\ld ! report h a /rong influ5ce ^u ! arrangem5t ( ! elem5t>y hi/ory c\rse1 b x %\ld also lead to a great improvem5t 9 ! in/ruction ( hi/ory4 ,n e tea*] c meet ! requirem5ts set by ! committee2 ! result w be a wid] adoption ( ! 8gr\p0 or 8dep>tm5t0 sy/em1 by :i* ! tea*] is giv5 *>ge ( "o subject or ( a gr\p ( alli$ topics1 su* z ,engli% & hi/ory1 or geography & nature /udy4 ,su* a division ( labor is 9 accord ) ! t5d5cies ( ! day2 x is 9 ! int]e/s ( sup]ior "w 9 all subjects2 & x means increas$ m5tal developm5t n = ! *ild alone1 b = ! tea*] z well4 ,! report w\ld des]ve a he>ty welcome if x did no m ?an advance ! cause ( ! dep>tm5tal or gr\p tea*]4 ,x w d mu* m ?an ?is4 ,x w add dignity to ! "w 9 hi/ory2 x w give s*ool adm9i/rators an ideal ( "w 9 ! subject2 & be/ ( all1 x w give ! *ildr5 ( ! nation a c\rse 9 hi/ory :i* w be /imulat+ & ( def9ite cultural value4 ,tea*]s ( hi/ory & s*ool adm9i/rators %\ld unite to see t ! new plan is giv5 a fair te/ "u ! be/ possible circum/ances4 ,high s*ool & college tea*]s %\ld jo9 ) elem5t>y tea*]s 9 endors+ ?is plan = rais+ ! /&>d ( hi/ory tea*+ 9 ,am]ica4 ,read+s 9 ,gov]nm5t & ,politics ,,pr(essor ,,be>d',s ,,"w ,,review$ ,,by ,,john ,,haynes1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,dor*e/] ,,high ,,s*ool1 ,,bo/on1 ,,mass4 ,?is volume is an attempt to d = ! /ud5t ( ,gov]nm5t :at ! s\rce book does = ! /ud5t ( ,hi/ory4 ,pr(4 ,be>d has prep>$ x prim>ily to be us$ ) 8 own 8,am]ican ,gov]nm5t & ,politics10 :i* is n[ 9 prep>ation1 b ( c\rse x c be us$ ) any text-book on ! subject4 ,! selections include mat]ials ( _m k9ds1 among !m mo/ ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution 7gr\ps ( clauses be>+ ^u ! same subject be+ giv5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! appropriate *apt]71 p>ts ( ! con/itutions ( v>i\s ,/ates1 decisions ( ! ,f$]al ,supreme ,c\rt & o!r c\rts ( la/ resort1 argum5ts made 9 ,congress1 ,/ate legislatures1 con/itutional conv5tions & political meet+s1 p>ty plat=ms1 lett]s1 laws1 treaties & proclamations4 ,! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce & ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation are giv5 9 full4 ,ea* selection is prec$$ by a brief introduction ( a few l9es :i* is admirable 9 giv+ a succ9ct /atem5t ( ! ma9 po9t or po9ts ( ! docum5t :i* foll[s4 ,! wide scope ( ! selections1 bo? z to subjects & ! s\rces f :i* !y are tak51 is a te/imony to ! g5]\s am\nt ( labor be/[$ ^u ! prep>ation ( ! volume4 ,on ! :ole1 admirable judgm5t has be5 us$ 9 *oos+ ! mat]ial4 ,/ill "s ?+s are abs5t :i* "o might expect to f9d4 ,! case ( ,mc,culloch vs4 ,m>yl& is v prop]ly quot$ at "s l5g?1 b ! fam\s ,d>tm\? ,college case1 ^: consequ5ces 7 v important1 is n cit$4 ,! book w\ld be improv$ by ! addition ( selections design$ to illu/rate judicial proc$ure1 l a *>ge to a jury1 a decl>ation 9 a civil suit or an indictm5t4 ,examples ( diff]5t =ms ( ballots might well be giv51 especially ( ! ballot us$ 9 ,oregon :5 laws are submitt$ to popul> vote4 ,! selections1 :i* z f> z possible are tak5 f ! writ+s ( m5 :o h _h practical exp]i5ce 9 ! conduct ( gov]nm5t1 h ! great m]it ( giv+ a view ( gov]nm5t z x really is4 ,! seamy side is n hidd54 ,!re are docum5ts illu/rat+ ! corruption ( ! police1 ! tyranny ( ! boss1 ! iniquities ( ! g]rym&]1 s5atorial c\rtesy1 corporations 9 politics & ! unju/ assessm5t ( taxable prop]ty4 ,a great excell5ce ( ?is book is its be+ up to date4 ,examples ( ?is are selections f ! ,oregon law on ! election ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ators1 f ,oklahoma's ,con/itution1 f ! 8,report ( ! ,bo/on ,f9ance ,commission10 issu$ 9 #aiji1 & ! 8,report ( ! ,m9nesota ,tax ,commission0 ( ! prec$+ ye>4 ,?is volume1 :i* is admirably adapt$ to its purpose1 is a di/9ct addition to ! res\rces ( ! tea*] ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,:ile ! av]age tea*] is likely to be m hamp]$ by ! entirely inadequate "t all[$ = ! subject ?an by lack ( good mat]ial1 a contribution l ?is ( ,pr(essor ,be>d t5ds to dignify ! subject1 :i* is all too likely to be treat$ z a tail to ! hi/ory kite1 & to secure = x ! place :i* x des]ves 9 s*ool c\rses4 8,read+s 9 ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t & ,politics40 ,by ,*>les ,a4 ,be>d4 ,new ,york4 ,! ,macmillan ,co41 #aiji4 ,pp4 xxiii-#fbd4 ,price1 #a4ej4 ,civics & ,heal? ,,dr4 ,,all5',s ,,"w ,,review$ ,,by ,,l\is ,,nusbaum4 ,dr4 ,all5 has pres5t$ a "w :i* 9 ! directness1 =cefulness & logic ( its appeal = good heal? z a civic duty makes ! book wor?y to be consid]$ z epo*-mak+4 ,to quote ,dr4 ,all5's ?\ght1 *ang$ conditions ( social & indu/rial life h virtually elim9at$ f pres5t-day politics ! inali5able rights = :i* our ance/ors f\ght & di$1 & 9 _! /ead has come ! ne$ to =mulate rules :i* w insure to e citiz5 ! economic & indu/rial rights ess5tial to tw5tie? c5tury happ9ess4 ,& j z community ( int]e/ 0 ! inc5tive to atta9+ ^? political rights 9 ! pa/1 s unit$ action is necess>y to secure heal? rights4 ,sc>cely any phase ( ! "q ( public heal? is left unt\*$ 9 ?is int]e/+ little book4 ,f ! consid]ation ( s\nd tee? z a comm]cial asset1 ?r\gh ! discussion ( a long li/ ( prev5table & removable diseases & disord]s1 to ! exam9ation ( tub]culosis z an indu/rial loss1 ,dr4 ,all5 has made out s /rong a case aga9/ ! social losses due to disease1 t "o is necess>ily ar\s$ to a new s5se ( public duty4 ,& x is 9 ?is v awak5+ ( a slumb]+ public consci\sness t ! book w d its mo/ effective "w4 ,z ,pr(4 ,william ,t4 ,s$gwick says 9 8 introduction1 a read+ ( ! *apt] head+s m]ely 8w cause surprise & rejoic+40 ,! facts ( ! exi/5ce ( ! heal? conditions reveal$ 9 ?is book are n new1 b ! imm5sity ( ^! kn[n conditions1 z successively enum]at$ "h1 is almo/ a/\nd+4 ,= a brief mom5t 9 read+ ! book "o is l$ to feel t x is ! "w ( an extremi/ or en?usia/1 to be disc\nt$ 9 effect = a c]ta9 measure ( high color+1 yet a c>eful inspection reveals ! fact t ev]y?+ is told 9 an hone/ & direct1 ev5 if at times dogmatic1 way4 ,unlike ! "w ( _m pseudo-re=m]s1 ,dr4 ,all5's book is compreh5sive 9 its scope 9 t x n only reveals exi/+ conditions1 b x indicates h[ ^! conditions may be rem$i$ & tells ( ! ef=ts ?us f> made to apply ! prop] rem$ies4 ,aft] po9t+ out t ! be/ index to community heal? is ! physical welf>e ( s*ool *ildr51 ,dr4 ,all5 comp>es ! ,european me?od ( do+ ?+s at s*ool ) ! ,am]ican me?od ( gett+ ?+s done4 ,no brief review c d ju/ice to a "w s inspir+ t to be in/antly effective x ne$s b to be read widely4 ,x is fill$ ) mat]ial t %\ld be p>ticul>ly at ! comm& ( e tea*]1 if n ( e p>5t1 9 ! l&4 ,its especial int]e/ to tea*]s ( civics lies 9 its analysis ( ! relation ( public heal? & its consequ5t economic conditions to organiz$ gov]nm5t & to ! body social4 8,civics & ,heal?40 ,by ,william ,h4 ,all51 secret>y1 ,bureau ( ,municipal ,rese>*1 ) an introduction by ,william ,t4 ,s$gwick1 pr(essor ( biology 9 ! ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology1 ,bo/on3 ,g9n ,co41 #aiji4 ,pp4 xi-#daa4 ,am]ican ,hi/ory 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ool ,,ar?ur ,m4 ,,wolfson1 ,,ph4,d41 ,editor4 ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,indep5d5ce4 ,! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce is1 9 e way1 an ideal docum5t = /udy 9 a second>y s*ool4 ,e /ud5t 9 ! class is und\bt$ly famili> ) x2 he has he>d x quot$1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 on numb]less occasions2 he ?9ks he kn[s all ab\t x1 & yet ! tea*] c easily %[ him t x conta9s va/ /ores ( ideas :i* up to ! pres5t "t he has nev] ev5 suspect$4 ,no docum5t 9 all ,am]ican hi/ory is s easy ( int]pretation3 ! language is cle> & simple2 ! phraseology is direct & un5cumb]$2 ! docum5t is divid$ & subdivid$ s t anyone :o takes ! tr\ble c easily analyze x4 ,! ,decl>ation itself is to be f\nd 9 almo/ e s*ool hi/ory1 & ! s\rces & second>y au?orities :i* illu/rate x are easily accessible & n too difficult = ! ord9>y second>y s*ool /ud5t4 ,lit]ature4 ,fir/1 a few sugge/ions z to :]e ^! s\rces & second>y au?orities may be f\nd4 ,( prim>y importance is ,macdonald's 8,select ,*>t]s ,illu/rative ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory--#afjf to #agge20 second1 ?\gh n s good1 is ,pre/on's 8,docum5ts ,illu/rative ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory--#afjf to #ahfc20 ?ird1 ,h>t's 8,am]ican ,hi/ory ,told by ,contempor>ies10 ,volume ,,ii1 ,"p ,,vi2 f\r?1 ! 8,am]ican ,hi/ory ,leaflets10 ,numb]s #aa1 #ai1 #ba1 & #cc4 ,beside ^! ! tea*] may easily discov] "o or ano!r ( ! docum5ts 9 _m o!r places4 ,( ! second>y au?orities1 beside ! ord9>y hi/ories ( ! ,am]ican nation1 all ( :i* conta9 ! lead+ facts & incid5ts ^u :i* ! ,decl>ation is bas$1 ! tea*] is ref]r$ especially to ,fri$5wald's 8,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce40 ,next to t1 ! mo/ important works are ,moses ,coit ,tyl]'s 8,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution10 & ,fro?+ham's 8,rise ( ! ,republic ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 p>ticul>ly ! foot-notes4 ,fur!rmore1 ! tea*] & ! /ud5t w f9d illum9at+ essays on ! political !ories ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 9 ,m]riam's 8,am]ican ,political ,!ories10 9 ,a4 ,lawr5ce ,l[ell's 8,essays 9 ,gov]nm5t10 9 ,leslie ,/eph5's 8,engli% ,?\ght 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury10 & 9 ,bryce's 8,/udies 9 ,hi/ory & ,jurisprud5ce40 ,by no means all ( ^! works ne$ be consult$2 an exam9ation ( "o or two ( !m w suffice4 ,! /udy ( ! ,decl>ation falls naturally into ?ree p>ts & /ud5ts may !re=e pr(itably be set to "w sep>ately or 9 gr\ps on "o ( its ?ree problems4 ,fir/1 !re is ! problem ( ! gr[? ( ! idea ( indep5d5ce2 second1 !re is ! problem ( ! validity & cog5cy ( ! numb]less adv]se criticisms ( ! ,decl>ation4 ,is x m]ely a mass ( 8glitt]+ & s\nd+ g5]alities ( natural "r80 z ,*oate call$ x4 ,is x a p>tisan & unfair /atem5t8 ,is its political !ory false & !re=e ( no hi/orical importance8 ,?ird1 !re is ! possibility ( submitt+ ! ,decl>ation itself to complete & ?or\gh class-room analysis4 ,idea ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,tak+ ea* ( ^! problems sep>ately1 let u endeavor to set 9 ord] fir/1 ! s\rces :i* %\ld be /udi$ 9 trac+ ! gr[? ( ! idea ( indep5d5ce 9 ! colonies4 ,up to #agfa1 ?\gh !re _h be5 causes = diff]5ces ( op9ion betwe5 ! ,cr[n & ! colonies1 none ( ^! causes _h l$ to an op5 brea*4 ,9 #agfa came ! difficulty ab\t ! ,writs ( ,assi/ance 9 :i* ,james ,otis took su* a prom95t "p4 ,otis' spee* on ! ,writs ( ,assi/ance1 & especially 8 8,v9dication ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives0 & 8 8,rights ( ! ,colonies0 may !re=e be /udi$ ) pr(it4 ,9 !m w be f\nd ! fir/ /atem5t ( ! ,am]ican !ory ( gov]nm5t4 ,^! docum5ts may be f\nd 9 ,h>t's ,contempor>ies1 9 ! ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,leaflets1 & 9 v>i\s o!r places4 ,foll[+ !n 9 quick succession come ! v>i\s decl>ations ( ! colonies & ! v>i\s petitions to ! ,cr[n1 beg9n+ ) ! ,decl>ation ( ! ,/amp ,act ,congress issu$ 9 #agfe & end+ ) ! ,olive ,bran* ,petition issu$ 9 ,june1 #agge4 ,mo/ ( ^! docum5ts c be f\nd mo/ conv5i5tly 9 ,macdonald's ,select ,*>t]s & ! tea*] c make 8 own selection accord+ to 8 ta/e & ! size ( 8 class4 ,! only ?+ to be emphasiz$ 9 ! /udy ( any or all ( ^! docum5ts is ! fact t1 z ,fri$5wald expresses x1 9 speak+ ( ! ,fir/ ,cont95tal ,congress 7,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 p4 #bh71 8spirit$ & outspok5 z 7 ! resolutions ( ! ,congress ( #aggd 9 /at+ _! dem&s1 !re is no sign among !m all t c rightly be int]pret$ z indicat+ a wi% = ! e/abli%m5t1 ev5 remotely1 ( an indep5d5t gov]nm5t40 ,! same facts c be glean$ f a /udy ( ,tyl]'s 8,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution10 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #deh ff4 ,) ! news ( ! rejection ( ! ,olive ,bran* ,petition :i* rea*$ ! colonies 9 ,novemb]1 #agge1 beg9s a new phase ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,!nce=w>d1 !re is a rapid & /eady gr[? ( ! idea ( political indep5d5ce4 ,! developm5t ( ?is idea %\ld be /udi$ 9 su* docum5ts z ! decl>ations ( ! v>i\s colonies1 especially ! ,virg9ia ,decl>ation ( ,rights1 ,june1 #aggf1 & 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,revolution>y lead]s su* z ,?omas ,pa9e's pamphlet entitl$ 8,common ,s5se0 issu$ 9 ,janu>y1 #aggf1 & ! correspond5ce ( ,john ,adams4 ,! idea culm9ates1 ( c\rse1 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 8,"u ?is aspect10 says ,tyl] 7,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dgg7 comp>+ ! ,revolution to ! ,civil ,w>1 8! ,am]ican ,revolution _h j two /ages2 f #agfd to #aggf1 its *ampions 7 ,nullifi]s )\t be+ ,secessioni/s2 f #aggf to #aghc1 !y 7 ,secessioni/s1 & z ev5ts prov$1 successful ,secessioni/s40 ,criticism ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce began ) ! animadv]sions ( ,john ,adams 9 8 lett] to ,pick]+ 9 #ahbb & has cont9u$ ev] s9ce4 ,fir/1 x has be5 decl>$ t ! ideas express$ 9 ! preamble are n new1 t 8!re is n an idea 9 x10 z ,adams said1 8b :at _h be5 hackney$ 9 ,congress = two ye>s be=e20 second1 t ! docum5t is p>tisan & t ! /atem5t ( grievances is unfair to ! ,briti% ,cr[n & to ,p>liam5t2 ?ird1 t ! political philosophy conta9$ 9 ! preamble is false & contr>y to ! facts ( hi/ory4 ,jeff]son's ,reply4 ,9 a %ort pap] l ?is x is impossible to exam9e ea* ( ^! criticisms 9 detail4 ,! tea*] :o is int]e/$ c easily f9d 9 ,fri$5wald & 9 ,tyl] & 9 ! o!r au?orities m5tion$ above full & adequate discussion ( ea* ( ^! *>ges4 ,"h x mu/ suffice to say 9 answ] to ! fir/ *>ge t ,jeff]son himself 9 a lett] to ,madison1 dat$ ,augu/ #cj1 #ahbc1 decl>$1 8,i did n consid] x any "p ( my *>ge to inv5t new ideas altoge!r1 & to (f] no s5tim5t :i* _h ev] be5 express$ be=e4444 ,i ?\ght x a duty to be1 on t occasion1 a passive auditor ( ! op9ions ( o!rs1 m imp>tial judges ?an ,i c\ld be ( its m]its & dem]its40 ,9 o!r words1 ,jeff]son's task 0 n to inv5t1 z ,fr5* publici/s 7 prone to d on su* occasions1 new !ories ( gov]nm5t1 b simply to express ! ideas :i* 7 ! product ( ! political discussion :i* 0 go+ on ab\t him1 & :i* w\ld be famili> & acceptable to ! m5 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,europe to :om ! ,decl>ation 0 address$4 ,t ! docum5t is p>tisan is ( c\rse true2 b ?is is sc>cely a valid criticism4 ,nei!r ,jeff]son nor any ( 8 colleagues claim$ to sit z judges betwe5 ! colonies & ! "m c\ntry4 ,!y 7 b\nd m]ely to put _! claims z /rongly z !y c\ld1 & !n leave ! judgm5t ( ! case to 8a c&id _w40 ,?ird1 z long at ! ,decl>ation be /udi$ m]ely z an hi/orical docum5t1 x matt]s n :e!r its !ories be false or true2 x matt]s only t ! /ud5t und]/& h[ completely its pr9ciples dom9at$ ! m9ds ( ! m5 :o _h a %>e 9 draw+ up ! docum5t & ! m9ds ( m5 bo? 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,europe to :om x 0 address$4 ,! ,decl>ation ,analys$4 ,com+ n[ to ! analysis ( ! ,decl>ation itself1 we f9d t x falls naturally into ?ree p>ts4 ,fir/1 !re is ! preamble 9 :i* ,jeff]son & 8 colleagues set =? ! political !ory curr5t 9 ! colonies 9 #aggf2 second1 !re is ! enum]ation ( grievances by :i* ! coloni/s hop$ to prove t ! k+ _h violat$ _! sacr$ rights1 & f9ally !re is ! conclusion1 namely1 8,t ^! ,unit$ ,colonies are1 & ( "r ought to be free & indep5d5t /ates40 ,! political doctr9e ( ! ,decl>ation is well kn[n4 ,summ$ up 9 a s+le phrase1 x is commonly call$ ! ,compact ,!ory ( ,gov]nm5t2 t is1 t all m5 are born ) c]ta9 8natural rights10 t to secure ^! rights !y ent] by _! own cons5t into political unions 7! compact71 t :5 ^! natural rights are violat$ by ^? :om !y h set up to gov]n !m1 !y h a "r to ?r[ (f ! re/ra9ts ( gov]nm5t1 to ent] into a new compact1 8to provide new gu>ds = _! future security40 ,x us$ to be suppos$ t ,jeff]son d]iv$ ?is !ory ( gov]nm5t f ! writ+s ( ! ,fr5* philosoph]s1 ( :om ,r\sseau 0 ! mo/ fam\s4 ,?is idea1 h[ev]1 has long s9ce be5 explod$4 ,we "k n[ t ! ,am]ican revolution>y /atesm5 f ,otis to ,jeff]son 7 impregnat$ ) good ,engli% ideas1 t !y look$ to ,john ,locke1 n to ,r\sseau1 z _! ma/]4 ,! tea*] %\ld !re=e make cle> to 8 /ud5ts j :at ! ideas ( ,locke 7 & especially ! occasion :i* gave !m bir?4 ,x is n a matt] ( *ance t ,locke's ,treatises on ,gov]nm5t 7 issu$ 9 ! p]iod ( ! ,revolution ( #afhh & ! /ud5t %\ld be made to und]/& ?is4 ,= a full discussion ( ! almo/ exact v]bal relation betwe5 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce & ! writ+s ( ,locke ! tea*] is ref]r$ to ! books m5tion$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is pap]4 ,! ,colonial ,grievances4 ,p]haps ! mo/ valuable class ex]cises 9 connection ) ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce is an analysis ( ! grievances set =? 9 ! docum5t & ! ef=t to f9d ! specific acts ^u :i* ^! /atem5ts are bas$4 ,sev]al ( !m ref] to acts & ev5ts ^: hi/ory is obscure1 b mo/ ( !m c easily be trac$ to _! s\rces4 ,= a ?or\gh analysis ( ! grievances1 ! tea*] %\ld g to ,fri$5wald1 ,*apt]s ,x & ,,xi4 ,"h we c give only ! briefe/ outl9e4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 a se>* ( ! ,j\rnals ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade w %[ t at lea/ tw5ty important laws 7 reject$ or susp5d$ by ! ,cr[n 9 #aggc1 t ! consid]ation ( o!r laws 0 neglect$ sometimes z long z f\r or five ye>s 7,sections #a & #b72 t ! k+ absolutely =bade 8 gov]nors 9 #agfg & ev5 e>li] to all[ ! colonial assemblies to organize new c\nties 9 ! ,appala*ian region unless !y 7 will+ to deprive ^! c\nties ( repres5tation 7,section #c74 ,! facts ^u :i* ,sections #d1 #e1 & #f are bas$ may be f\nd 9 almo/ any s*ool hi/ory4 ,! grievances /at$ 9 ,sections #g & #h are aga9 some:at obscure & _c !re=e be us$ ) pr(it = class-room discussion4 ,! next ?ree sections1 h[ev]1 ref] to acts & ev5ts :i* grew out ( ! attempt$ en=cem5t ( ! v>i\s acts ( p>liam5t betwe5 #agfe & #agge & :i* c !re=e be f\nd )\t difficulty4 ,sections #ab & #ac likewise are bas$ on facts :i* any /ud5t c discov] 9 8 text book4 ,! facts ^u :i* ,section #ad1 :i* ref]s to ! v>i\s acts ( ,p>liam5t attempt+ to regulate colonial trade & colonial gov]nm5t1 is bas$1 ! /ud5t c aga9 discov] by consult+ 8 hi/ory2 :ile ! la/ f\r grievances :i* compla9 ( acts done by ! k+ s9ce ! outbreak ( ! ,revolution c be analys$ ) ! greate/ facility4 ,! conclusion ( ! ,decl>ation ne$s no special /udy4 ,x foll[s naturally f ! preamble1 & f ! /atem5t ( grievances :i* ,jeff]son & 8 colleagues n[ consid]$ z prov$4 ,! irony1 consci\s or unconsci\s1 ( ,jeff]son's use ( ! exact language ( ! ,decl>atory ,act ( #agff1 always impresses ! /ud5t :5 ! comp>ison is made cle> 7,macdonald1 ,*>t]s1 p4 #caf74 ,ano!r fruitful comp>ison is ) ! ,dut* ,act ( ,abjuration1 ( ,july #bd1 #aeha 7,old ,s\? ,leaflets1 ,no4 #gb74 ,! /ud5t %\ld be requir$ to "k exactly ! language ( ! mo/ significant phrases ( ! conclusion2 inde$1 c]ta9 /rik+ & important phrases ?r\gh\t ! ,decl>ation may v well be set to ! /ud5ts = exact memorization4 ,european ,hi/ory 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ool ,d4 ,c4 ,,kn[lton1 ,,ph4,d41 ,editor4 ,,! ,,close ,,( ,,! ,,middle ,,ages ,,& ,,! ,,transition ,,to ,,! ,,r5aissance4 ,arrangem5t ( ,topics4 ,! ord] 9 :i* ! ma9 topics %all be pres5t$ to ! class is settl$ 9 "p = ! tea*] by ! p>ticul> text-book 9 use4 ,9 fact1 ?is feature ( a book may h be5 an important factor 9 its selection4 ,almo/ e possible comb9ation ( topics may be f\nd 9 ! text-books n[ on ! m>ket1 rang+ all ! way f ! /rictly *ronological pres5tation ( ! ev5ts to an app>5t disreg>d ( ! "t elem5t altoge!r4 ,among ! =m] are to be f\nd au?ors :o1 ?\gh endeavor+ to foll[ ! *ronological ord] seek s to b9d toge!r ! ev5ts ( a giv5 c5tury or m t !y may be consid]$ z "o great topic4 ,su* attempts at g5]alization1 h[ev]1 may prove mislead+ to ! /ud5t4 ,almo/ any book1 if rightly us$1 all[s ! tea*] a little latitude n only 9 ! *oice ( topics1 b also 9 ! ord] ( pres5tation4 ,if ! tea*] skips ab\t too mu* x may lead to misconception & confusion on ! "p ( ! /ud5t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! text-book & ! libr>y facilities at ! comm& ( ! tea*] all[ ( consid]able fre$om 9 respect to ord]1 x is at ! be/ a v p]plex+ "q to settle4 ,x may be a comp>atively easy matt] to rea* a conclusion z to ! ord] ( ! fir/ few topics1 say to ! revival ( ! empire by ,otto ,i1 b f t "t =w>d to ! ,r5aissance s _m comb9ations & arrangem5ts are possible t x becomes increas+ly difficult to hit ^u an ord] :i* is entirely satisfactory4 ,! ,crusades1 = example1 may be consid]$ be=e ! tea*] has f9i%$ ! /ruggle betwe5 ! popes & ! emp]ors1 = ! mo/ important ( ^! movem5ts ov]lap ?is great conte/4 ,!n !re is ! "q ( h[ & :]e to give ! /ud5t "s insight into ,engli% conditions s t he may und]/& ! relation ( t c\ntry to ! ma9 /ream ( ,european developm5t4 ,aga9 !re is ! "q ( j :]e & 9 :at connection to pres5t ! life & culture s t x may leave ! mo/ la/+ impression4 ,!re are _m good reasons = leav+ ! pres5tation ( ! ,crusades until aft] ! /ruggle betwe5 ! popes & emp]ors & !n consid]+ ! life ( ! times especially 9 its connection ) ! ris+ t[ns4 ,x is an easy & a natural transition f ! developm5t ( trade z affect$ by ! ,crusades to a consid]ation ( ! t[ns !mselves & t[n life4 ,conditions "h c be pres5t$ 9 a %>p contra/ to ^? discuss$ e>li] 9 connection ) feudalism4 ,! ,?irte5? ,c5tury z a ,turn+ ,po9t4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t #abfh be select$ z a turn+ po9t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,europe1 m>k+ z x does ! practical disappe>ance = ! "t be+ ( ! empire z a factor 9 politics1 ! beg9n+ ( ! decl9e ( ! papacy1 & ! rise ( ! ?ird e/ate1 :i* is illu/rat$ 9 ,engl& by ! gr[? ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons & 9 ,g]many & ,italy by ! two great city leagues & ! p[] ( ,v5ice1 ,flor5ce & ,g5oa4 ,if ?is sugge/ion is foll[$1 ! ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w> & ! hi/ory ( ! papacy 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies may s]ve to introduce ! ,r5aissance if a discussion ( ! latt] is prec$$ or foll[$ by a g5]al summ>y ( ! political situation 9 ,europe at ! op5+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ) special ref]5ce to ^? p[]s1 bo? new & old1 :i* are to dom9ate 9 ! new p]iod4 ,abs5ce ( ,unify+ ,elem5ts4 ,! attempt to bridge ! p]iod betwe5 ! ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w> & ! ,r5aissance & ,re=mation is att5d$ ) a great _m real difficulties1 :i* are aggravat$ r ?an light5$ by ! usual arrangem5t ( mat]ial to be f\nd 9 ! text-book4 ,!re is n only an app>5t abs5ce ( unify+ elem5ts1 b ! impression creat$ on tea*] & /ud5t is t ( turmoil & confusion1 ) "h & !re a situation full ( dramatic int]e/4 8,only ! close/ att5tion10 decl>es "o writ]1 8c detect ! g]ms ( future ord] 9 ! mid/ ( ! /ruggle ( dy+ & nasc5t =ces1 444 ,! dom9ant *>act]i/ic ( ! age is its div]sity1 & x is h>d to f9d any pr9ciple ( cord9ation40#e ,al?\gh ! task be=e ! second>y tea*] is n an easy "o1 x is possible by conf9+ ! att5tion ( ! /ud5t to a few fundam5tal facts successfully to meet ! problem4 ,! /ories ( ! ,babylonian ,captivity & ! ,great ,s*ism c be s pres5t$ t !y w s]ve n only to acc5tuate ! great *ange :i* 0 tak+ place 9 ,we/]n ,europe 9 ! =mation ( p[]ful ,/ates l ,engl&1 ,france & ,spa91 b 9 su* a mann] z to make cle>] ! ,r5aissance 9 ,italy1 & ! wave ( religi\s re=m :i* swept ov] ,europe be=e ?is e>li] movem5t _h entirely sp5t its =ce4 ,! /ud5t c easily appreciate ! contra/ pres5t$ by ! condition ( ! papacy 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies & its might 9 ! days ( ,gregory ,,vii & ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,x is m difficult j "h to %[ h[ ^! ev5ts 7 connect$ ) ! ,r5aissance4 ,a numb] ( circum/ances comb9$ toge!r 9 ,italy to acc5tuate city developm5t1 n ! lea/ ( :i* 0 ! failure ( ! popes & emp]ors to realize _! dreams ( univ]sal dom9ion4 ,! f9al ov]?r[ ( ! ,hoh5/auf5 has already be5 discuss$4 ,probably no set ( circum/ances contribut$ m to br+ ! papacy into disrepute & r$uce !m to ! position ( ,italian pr9ces =c$ to look aft] _! own private affairs ?an ! conditions :i* prevail$ 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies4 ,! effects1 !n1 ( ! resid5ce at ,avignon & ! circum/ances att5d+ ! return to ,rome1 call = special emphasis4 ,al?\gh ! s*ism 0 heal$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance1 s little 0 done by ?is assembly & ! o!r c\ncils :i* foll[$ x to re=m ! abuses :i* _h crept into ! ,*ur*1 t x is n /range t ! dem& = a re=m voic$ by su* m5 z ,erasmus & ,lu!r 9 ! sixte5? c5tury met ) a w>m reception 9 s _m qu>t]s4 ,?is great movem5t1 :i* has be5 call$ ! ,prote/ant revolt1 becomes cle>] if ! att5tion has be5 drawn to ! tea*+s & "w ( ,wycliffe & ,huss1 :o ev5 at ?is e>ly date utt]$ words :i* 7 by no means lo/4 ,) ^! facts 9 m9d1 n =getful ( ! decid$ t5d5cies t[>d ! =mation ( /rong /ates1 ea* suffici5t unto itself1 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made1 ! e/abli%m5t ( national *ur*es 9 ! sixte5? c5tury does n impress ! /ud5t z a /range ph5om5on incapable ( explanation4 ,europe at ,op5+ ( ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,a survey ( ! political situation at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury w n only s]ve to deep5 "s ( ! impressions already made1 b w furni% ! /ud5t ) a vantage po9t f :i* he c appreciate ! bett] ! great *anges :i* 7 soon to foll[4 ,su* a summ>y %\ld be made ) a map be=e ! class1 & all %\ld be urg$ to m>%al ! sali5t facts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! diff]5t c\ntries z !y come up = consid]ation4 ,! ord] to be foll[$ w1 ( c\rse1 dep5d some:at on ! treatm5t ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! logical ord] p]haps w\ld be to take ! old] /ates fir/ & !n ! m rec5t p[]s1 l ,spa91 ! ,ottoman ,turks1 ,switz]l&1 possibly includ+ ! ,baltic p59sula4 ,! foll[+ simple outl9e is (f]$ m]ely z a sugge/ion1 & c be amplifi$ at ! discretion ( ! tea*] s z to include a wid] survey4 ,i4 ,! ,old] ,/ates4 #a4 ,engl&4 a4 ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w>4 b4 ,w>s ( ! ,roses & ov]?r[ ( feudalism4 c4 ,e/abli%m5t ( ! ,tudors4 #b4 ,france4 a4 ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w>4 b4 ,l\is ,,xi & ,burgundy4 #c4 ,g]many 7! ,empire74 a4 ,! ,int]regnum 7to #abgc74 b4 ,election ( ,rudolph ( ,hapsburg & 8 conque/ ( ,au/ria4 c4 ,! ,gold5 ,bull1 #acdg4 d4 ,title h]$it>y 9 ,au/rian ,h\se1 #adch-ahjf4 #d4 ,italy4 a4 ,beg9n+ ( ! ,r5aissance4 b4 ,! five great ,/ates4 c4 ,claims ( ,france & ,spa94 ,,ii4 ,! ,new ,/ates4 #a4 ,spa94 a4 ,rise ( ! ,*ri/ian k+doms & /ruggles aga9/ ! ,moors4 b4 ,union ( ,ca/ile & ,aragon & fall ( ,granada4 c4 ,spa9 9 ! new _w4 d4 ,maximilian's m>riages4 #b4 ,! ,ottoman ,turks4 a4 ,appe>ance 9 "t ( ! ,crusades4 b4 ,invasions ( ,europe4 c4 ,conque/ ( ,con/ant9ople1 #adec4 #c4 ,switz]l&--/ruggle = indep5d5ce4 #d4 ,! ,baltic ,/ates4 a4 ,! ,union ( ,calm>1 #acig4 b4 ,indep5d5ce ( ,sw$54--,gu/avus ,vasa4 ,x w be not$ t new mat]ial is pres5t$ 9 ?is connection1 z1 = example1 9 ! case ( all ! new p[]s1 & also to "s ext5t 9 ! treatm5t ( ,g]many & ,italy4 ,bibliography4 ,! text-book w probably furni% adequate mat]ial n only = ! ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w> itself1 b = ! gradual developm5t ( ,france & ,engl& 9 ! ye>s prec$+ ! /ruggle4 ,lodge1 9 ! preface to 8,! ,close ( ! ,middle ,ages10 /ates "s ( ! problems involv$ 9 a /udy ( ! p]iod4 ,9 8 conclud+ *apt] he attempts to *>act]ize ! ,middle ,ages & %[ _! relation to ! ,r5aissance4 ,seignobos' 8,hi/ory ( ,m$ieval & ,mod]n ,civilization0 conta9s two well-writt5 *apt]s on 8,! ,end ( ! ,middle ,ages & ! ,e/abli%m5t ( ,absolute ,p[] 9 ,europe0 7*apt]s xv-xvi74 ,summ>ies ( ! political situation at ! close ( ! ,middle ,ages are to be f\nd 9 mo/ ( ! text-books4 ,*apt] xxiii 9 ,rob9son1 8,we/]n ,europe10 portrays conditions at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! s\rce books ( ,?at*] & ,mc,neal1 ( ,rob9son & ( ,ogg are f\nd extracts illu/rat+ ! hi/ory ( ! papacy dur+ ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies4 ,! =m] m>%als all ! important docum5ts toge!r 9 a section entitl$ 8,! ,*ur*4 #abej-aejj40 ,rob9son's selections are p]haps z useful z any = ! light !y ?r[ on ! re=m movem5t4 ,froiss>t's 8,*ronicles10 furni% abundant mat]ial on ! ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,,footnote3 #e ,lodge1 ,close ( ,middle ,ages1 ,preface4 ,anci5t ,hi/ory 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ool ,,william ,,fairley1 ,ph4,d41 ,editor4 ,,sp>ta1 ,,a!ns1 ,,! ,,p]sian ,,w>s4 ,! ,greek ,weakness4 ,! fact t we are n[ to trace ! v di/9ct developm5t ( ,a!ns & ( ,sp>ta po9ts out an ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ! ,greek race3 _! division into rival & w>r+ /ates4 ,a f9e "q to ar\se ?\ght on ! "p ( pupils is3 ,h[ c\ld little /ates s ne> toge!r z ,attica1 ,laconia1 ,arcadia & ,botia come to diff] s 9 _! *>act]i/ics8 ,:y 7 !y n all develop$ ne>ly along ! same l9es1 l ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,let ! *ildr5 be br\ght to see t ! lack ( means ( communication1 9 contra/ ) our po/ & telegraph & newspap]1 goes f> to expla9 ?is4 ,?is isolat$ developm5t1 9 spite ( ! common language1 games & fe/ivities1 0 ! p]petual weakness ( ,greece4 ,sp>ta2 ,h] ,/r5g? & ,h] ,limitations4 ,sp>ta1 unlike ,attica1 0 ess5tially a milit>y ,/ate4 ,h] *ief t[n ne$$ no walls because x 0 always an arm$ camp4 ,bots=d well po9ts out t 9 e>li] times ! ,sp>tans 7 probably ! sup]iors ( ! ,a!nians 9 culture & ref9em5t2 b _! self-impos$ discipl9e made !m a race ( soldi]s4 ,we "k t ! ,p]ici 7 successful artisans & trad]s2 b ! controll+ passion ( ! little nation 0 milit>y effici5cy4 ,ev]y?+ seems to h be5 sacrific$ to t4 ,:5 ! classes come to ! glories ( ! ,a!nian gold5 age1 x w be well to po9t out t :ile %e has h] scores ( names :i* are lum9\s 9 art1 lit]ature1 sci5ce & philosophy1 f ! annals ( ,sp>ta ! _w kn[s ma9ly ,lycurgus1 ! lawgiv]1 & ,leonidas1 ! h]o ( ,!rmopyl4 ,if a tea*] is incl9$ to cultivate 9 8 pupils ! idea t milit>y glory is n to be ! ma9 conc]n1 he may well use ! ,sp>tan record4 ,yet ,sp>ta ) ^! limitations play$ a mighty "p 9 ! /ory ( ! ,greek /ruggle4 ,h] arm$ effici5cy m ?an once sav$ ,greece z a :ole :5 ! less practical ,a!nian sy/em _h brok5 d[n4 ,! ,p]sian ,w>s4 ,! names ( ! fam\s conte/s are en%r9$ 9 ! _w's admiration4 ,aside f a =mal k ( ! fasc9at+ /ruggle1 deep] ?+s are to be consid]$4 ,:at 0 ! dang] to ,europe 9 ?is ,p]sian attack8 ,p]sians 7 ( ! same race z ,greeks4 ,:y w\ld x n h be5 well = !m 9 _! might to tack ! little ,greek city /ates on z "p ( a great _w empire8 ,& ! secret ( ! success ( ,greece 9 repell+ !m is to be f\nd 9 ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! ?\ghtful self-respect+ ,greek1 & ! flogg$ & s]vile ,p]sian4 ,we speak ( ! 8man beh9d ! gun40 ,9 ^? days x 0 ! 8man :o held ! sword40 ,a!nian ,developm5t4 ,a!ns & ,switz]l& are popul> synonyms = democracy4 ,yet ,switz]l& has only become truly democratic )9 ! pa/ c5tury1 & ,a!ns nev] 0 truly s4 ,?is has be5 allud$ to 9 a prec$+ article4 ,:at did happ5 9 ,a!ns 0 a wond]ful gr[? f ari/ocratic exclusiv5ess t[>d democracy4 ,! ga9s t 7 made br\ght ab\t f9ally a /ate ( ?+s t 0 nev] approa*$ else:]e 9 ! anci5t _w save possibly 9 ! ,hebrew commonweal?4 ,= ?is advance all honor is due ! m5 ( ,a!ns4 ,a comp>ative /udy ( ! e>li] con/itution ) ! successive re=ms ( ,solon & ,clei/h5es may well be us$ to po9t out t ! common p 7 m & m com+ into _! own4 ,we/1 on p4 #abe ( 8 8,anci5t ,_w10 has a table ( "s ( ^! con/itutions :i* might well be complet$ z a blackbo>d ex]cise4 ,x w !n at once become app>5t :at direction re=m 0 tak+4 ,note1 h[ev]1 ! weakness ( ! executive & ! reason = x1 i4 e41 ! ,greek jeal\sy ( individual or cont9u$ p[]4 ,%[ h[ ! tyranny ( ,peisi/ratos 0 almo/ ! inevitable result ( ?is weakness ( ! executive4 ,! exclusion ( =eign 7ev5 ,greek7 settl]s f citiz5%ip1 save 9 exceptional cases1 0 entirely contr>y to our ideas4 ,& ! exi/5ce ( slav]y 9 ! p]son ( captives 9 w> & ( poor debtors 0 a fatal blot on ! democracy & ! welf>e ( ,a!ns1 z ( all ! ,greek ,/ates4 ,! social /ruggle1 ) its v>i\s mitigations ( ! lot ( ! v poor p>allels ! political /rife4 ,our *ildr5 are brea?+ 9 f ! pap]s & f curr5t discussions ! idea t our social inequalities & our conte/ betwe5 capital & labor are a new ph5om5on4 ,!y ought to le>n t su* conte/ is almo/ _w old4 ,we h new elem5ts su* z ! va/ individual =tune & ! "p tak5 by ! corporations1 bo? unkn[n 9 old ,greece1 b ! ess5tial features ( ! /ruggle 7 ! same4 ,& ! t5d5cy ( tw5ty-f\r hundr$ ye>s ago z well z ( to-day 0 & is to give l>g] "r & opportunity to ! common man4 ,greek ,poetry & ,ar*itecture4 ,"s s*ool hi/orians & tea*]s decry ! ef=t to m+le ) ! political hi/ory any /udy ( ,greek art4 ,b to ! writ]'s m9d t w\ld be a robb]y ( ! *ildr54 ,our mod]n life is s saturat$ ) ?+s almo/ purely ,greek 9 orig9 t our budd+ citiz5s1 :o may nev] get else:]e a glimpse ( ! orig9s ( s mu* t is beautiful1 ought surely to get su* glimpses n[4 ,9 t[ns l>ge en\gh to conta9 v>i$ examples ! tea*] c %[ ! ,doric1 ,ionic & ,cor9?ian /yles by go+ ) 8 classes to ! build+s illu/rative ( ea*1 or at lea/ by tell+ :]e su* may be f\nd4 ,9 ! small] t[ns pictures ( fam\s build+s may be us$4 7,rememb] t ! dome is n ,greek1 b ,roman47 ,9 l mann] ! poetry ( ! ,greeks may be us$4 ,! epic1 ! elegy1 ! lyric & _! great exempl>s call = m5tion4 ,! drama comes a little lat]4 ,met] appe>s to h be5 ( ,greek orig94 ,"s ( its di/9ctions are wor? a few m9utes4 ,& "h is opportunity = correlation ) ! "w 9 ,engli% lit]ature4 ,our poetic =ms g back to ! p we are /udy+ n[4 ,a rec5t writ] makes ! cau/ic comm5t t ) mo/ tea*]s correlation is 8a poor relation40 ,rightly view$1 x w\ld appe> t no subject bett] ?an hi/ory furni%es ! opportunity = side lights on o!r bran*es ( ! /ud5t's "w4 ,= "h we get ! beg9n+s ( s _m ?+s t are commonplaces ) u4 ,b !y 7 new once1 & s _m ( ! *oice/ ( !m _h _! bir? 9 ! little l& & among ! wond]ful p ( our pres5t /udy4 ,a ,digression4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a good hi/ory tea*] & a poor "o lies l>gely 9 ! skill & purpose ( ! =m] 9 mak+ 8 "w vivid4 ,vividness is be/ secur$ by a comp>ison ( ^! anci5t conditions ) our own4 ,& x is a s*ola/ic crime t a *ild %\ld be all[$ to run away ) su* a notion z ?is3 t at ,salamis ! 8,greek =ts on ! %ore bomb>d$ ! ,p]sian fleet & sav$ ! day02 or t 8! ,p]sians /eam$ away 9 despair40 ,^! are real examples4 ,su* a *ild ne$s wak+ up4 ,ask him if he kn[s :at a 8,m>a?on runn]0 is1 & %[ t by means ( su* runn]s ! place ( ! telegraph 9 our mod]n life 0 tak54 ,pictures may be made ( great s]vice4 ,tea*]s 9 our great c5t]s1 :o h _! own hi/ory rooms1 ) _! prop] app>atus & adornm5ts1 h a great advantage "h2 b humbl] means1 l ! ,p]ry pictures1 are available by all4 ,c>?age & ! ,greeks4 ,a topic (t5 neglect$ is ! ,c>?ag9ian invasion ( ,sicily4 ,t 0 "p ( an age-long /ruggle betwe5 a great comm]cial empire & ! peoples ( diff]5t races ^: ma9 idea 0 n comm]cial supremacy4 ,punic trad] & ,sp>tan soldi] h left small m>k 9 ! temple ( fame4 ,yet n long ago ,i he>d "o ( our mod]n iconocla/ic hi/orians %>ply "q :e!r x might n h be5 bett] = ! _w 9 ! end if ,c>?age _h beat5 bo? ,greek & ,roman4 ,! ,a!nian ,empire4 ,d\btless trade plays a l>g] "p 9 political developm5t ?an _m p ?9k4 ,& desire = trade & weal? 0 a great motive 9 ! upbuild+ ( ! ,a!nian empire out ( ! ,delian ,league4 ,x is a %ady *apt]1 l _m ano!r isl& annexation4 ,simil>ly x may be said t our spoil+ ! ,dut* ( ,new ,ne!rl& 0 que/ionable4 ,yet b = t we might h _h no ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,politically speak+1 out ( evil good has come4 ,x 0 ! half-pirat$ weal? ( ,v5ice t l$ to h] arti/ic glory4 ,s ! weal? & ! political pre-em95ce t ,a!ns ga9$ out ( ! ,delian ,league gave h] g5ius means & scope = its p]fect fl[]+ 9 ! age ( ,p]icles4 ,& t w br+ u to our next *apt]4 ,engli% ,hi/ory 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ool ,c4 ,b4 ,,newton1 ,editor4 ,,iii4 ,,advance ,,& ,,retrogression2 ,,! ,,hundr$ ,,ye>s' ,,w>4 ,progress is ! keynote ( ! p]iod we h n[ rea*$4 ,! rise ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ext5d+ ov] ! la/ ( ! ?irte5? & fir/ ( ! f\rte5? c5turies1 ! great laws ( ,edw>d ,i's reign1 ! gr[? ( comm]ce1 ! national _s induc$ by ! national triumphs at ,crecy & ,poiti]s are "s ( ! l>g] l&m>ks 9 ! =w>d m>* ( ! ,engli% nation dur+ ! hundr$ ye>s foll[+ ,h5ry ,,iii4 ,ev5 ! tr\bl$ ye>s :i* foll[$ ! black dea?1 ! upheavals 9 society & religion 9 ! latt] f\rte5? c5tury1 7 ! ?roes ( progress4 ,!n1 b = ! brief glories ( ,h5ry ,v1 comes a "t ( halt+--! mis]able end ( ! long & useless conflict ) ,france1 ! turbul5ce & lawlessness ( ! b>onage1 ! weakness ( ! k+1 all comb9e to br+ ab\t a p]iod ( retrogression1 :5 ! pulse ( ! nation beats l[ & ! tides ( progress 7 /ay$4 ,soon ! purg+ blood%$ ( ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses & ! /rong h& ( ! ,tudors />t$ once m ! heal?y gr[? :i* _h be5 *eck$4 ,"s su* g5]al survey1 pres5t$1 p]haps on ! blackbo>d by a l9e ( ! k9d us$ to indicate seismic di/urbances1 or giv5 9 "s brief direct notes tak5 d[n v]batim1 w s]ve z a cle>] ( ! atmosph]e1 an indicator ( ! tr5d ( ?+s dur+ ?is difficult p]iod4 ,a ,problem 9 ,quantities4 ,i say 8difficult0 because ,i f9d myself1 :5 ,i rea* ! great reign ( 8 ,maje/y ,edw>d ,i1 'twixt a v]itable ,scylla & ,*>ybdis1 pa/ :om ,i /e] ) annual appreh5sion4 ,i "k ,i mu/ take a middle c\rse1 b ,i h n yet satisfi$ myself t ,i h f\nd ! be/ *annel = ! preci\s c>go t ,i c>ry4 ,scylla is ! dang] ( too little detail1 ! dev\r+ mon/] ( ov]-def9it5ess2 ,*>ybdis is ! equal dang] ( too mu* detail1 ! m5ace ( ! m9uti :i* defeat _! own purpose1 & conf\nd 9 ! :irlpool ( m5tal confusion4 ,let me expla9 m concretely4 ,! orig9 & developm5t ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons is a highly important subject4 ,x behooves me to impress its hi/ory z lucidly & =cibly z may be ^u my class4 ,b x is a subject beset ) obscurities & difficult to make cle> to an immature m9d4 ,i may ignore all ! obscurities & ! conflict+ details1 & may simply emphasize ! pr9cipal l&m>ks--! fir/ inclusion ( ! 8commons0 9 ,simon de ,mont=t's p>liam5t ( #abfe2 ! cem5t+ ( ,simon's innovation 9 ! ,model ,p>liam5t ( #abie1 & ! sep>ation ( ! upp] & l[] ,h\ses e>ly 9 ,edw>d ,,iii's reign4 ,?is is ! me?od ( "s ( ! old] text-books4 ,x is cle> cut1 simple1 def9ite4 ,b is x true8 ,c]ta9ly n unqualifi$ly no4 ,my love ( tru? w>ns me t ,i mu/ n make x s def9ite1 s conv5i5tly cut & dri$1 s absolute if ,i am to convey ! hi/orical facts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 suppose ,i resolve to g into m /rictly accurate detail4 ,%all ,i call =? ! note-books & pa9/ak+ly expla9 t repres5tatives ( ! %ires 7 fir/ summon$ by ,k+ ,john 9 #abac2 t two knights f ea* %ire 7 call$ to p>liam5t 9 #abed2 t 9 #abfa ?ree knights 7 summon$2 9 #abfd1 f\r2 9 #abfe1 two knights & two burgesses2 9 #abge1 two knights2 b t ! practice ( summon+ knights ( ! %ire & citiz5s ( ! t[ns did n become 9 any s5se cont9u\s till #abie8 ,if ,i d ?is1 ,i mu/ g fur!r & try to give "s ( ! reasons = ?is desultory & v>y+ practice1 & be=e ,i am done1 ,i h made a f9e muddle 9 my pupils' heads6 ,i h %ipwreck$ bo? int]e/ & compreh5sion1 & ,i am n mu* ne>] convey+ tru? ?an ,i w\ld h be5 by ! =m] me?od4 ,s1 too1 ,i mu/ bew>e ( giv+ or all[+ ! impression t p>liam5t 0 9 any s5se a legislative body at ?is p]iod1 & at ! same "t ,i mu/ h a c>e le/ 9 try+ to expla9 its functions n always too cle> to ! m advanc$ s*ol>1 ,i expla9 too mu* & mislead :]e ,i w\ld enlight54 ,! same difficulty pres5ts itself 9 ! ef=t to give ! gi/ ( ! great laws ( ,edw>d ,i & ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 ,"s ( ^! laws are v h>d to express simply2 "s ( !m 7 enact$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,yet ! pr9ciples = :i* !y /ood1 & _! subsequ5t effects c h>dly be ov]look$4 ,aga91 z 9 ! case ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,i mu/ be def9ite & simple1 & yet n too def9ite or too simple4 ,( c\rse1 ?is is no?+ m ?an ! problem ( selection :i* confronts hi/orians & tea*]s at _m po9ts1 b r m p]si/5tly at "s po9ts ?an o!rs4 ,!re is no pat5t solution = ! problem1 b ,i believe x helps imm5sely to be ?or\ghly alive to x1 & to keep two pr9ciples /eadily 9 m9d :5 we f9d ! difficulty p>ticul>ly acute--7#a7 t /rong meat is n = babes1 & t ! f9] po9ts ( a discussion su* z t :i* conc]ns ! gr[? ( ! l[] bran* ( p>liam5t %\ld be res]v$ = univ]sity "w2 7#b7 t ?\gh tru? may be bett] subs]v$ by br++ out ess5tials cle>ly1 ev5 ) ov]-emphasis1 yet x is possible to sugge/ qualifications :i* w leave loopholes = fur!r modification4 ,= in/ance1 ! p>liam5ts ( #abfe & #abie may be emphasiz$ z ! fir/ & second /eps 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 yet x may be expla9$ t z e>ly z ,john's reign knights ( ! %ire 7 occasionally summon$ to p>liam5t4 ,i h dwelt at "s l5g? on ?is subject because1 self-evid5t z x may seem1 x is full ( pitfalls :i* only ! utmo/ vigilance w avoid4 ,a ,plea = ,life & ,color4 ,=tunately !re is pl5ty ( /irr+ action to (fset ! t$ium 7to boys & girls7 ( laws & p>liam5ts4 ,bannockburn1 ,crecy1 ,poiti]s1 ,ag9c\rt--:at an array ( names to conjure )6 ,let u n be p>simoni\s1 fell[ tea*]s1 :5 we rea* ^! vantage gr\nds ( glory6 ,let u n be ultra-or?odox 9 our sci5tific view ( hi/ory4 ,9 ! reaction1 ! v prop] reaction f ! view ( hi/ory :i* made x a m]e record ( w>s & battles !re is dang] ( mak+ x a valley ( dry bones4 ,aft] all1 x is ! record ( life1 & ! ev5ts :i* h /irr$ ! imag9ation & ar\s$ ! patriotism ( millions are n to be too lightly set aside4 ,let ! "y imag9ation 8dr9k delight ( battle ) its pe]s02 let x see :at 0 really noble z well z :at 0 base 9 *ivalry4 ,surely x is wor? :ile t x %\ld cat* ! life & color ( ^? middle ages--s diff]5t1 yet aft] all s human4 ,froiss>t has giv5 u ?is 9 a =m n[ easily accessible1 or fail+ a complete edition ( 8 8,*ronicles10 ,*eyney's 8,read+s0 furni% a ta/e 7pp4 #bcc-bdi71 b h>dly en\gh1 = only ,crecy is "h describ$4 ,gre51 z usual1 is vivid 9 8 battle acc\nts--,bannockburn1 pp4 #bac & #bad2 ,crecy1 ,calais1 & ,poiti]s1 pp4 #bbe-bcj2 & ,ag9c\rt1 pp4 #bfg-bfh4 ,h5ry ,v's spee* 9 ,%akespe>e's play ( 8,h5ry ,v0 is too spl5did 9 its rhetoric to be ov]look$4 ,sometimes a lagg>d 9 ! class loves to declaim1 & may be /irr$ to "s int]e/ by su* a spee*4 ,"h is ! *ance to make him useful4 ,& !n ! /ory ( ,joan ( ,arc1 ) its unspeakable beauty & pa?os1 comes z a noble climax1 a spiritual contra/1 to ! s]ies ( ev5ts ! glam\r ( :i* is at be/ ( ! e>? e>?y 9 comp>ison ) ! life & dea? ( ! ,maid4 ,g>d9]'s 8,/ud5t's ,hi/ory0 conta9s a v concise acc\nt ( h] life1 pp4 #caj-cab4 ,! extracts f contempor>y writ+s1 pp4 #bhi-bif ( ,*eyney's 8,read+s0 are v int]e/+ & illum9at+4 ,gre5's acc\nt1 pp4 #bgd-bgi1 is vivid1 especially ! /ory ( h] trial & dea?1 p4 #bgi4 ,ref]5ce to ! great p]=mance giv5 9 ! ,h>v>d ,/adium la/ ,june by ,maud ,adams w\ld add reality & int]e/ to ! /udy ( ,joan ( ,arc4 ,an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ?is1 ) pictures1 may be f\nd 9 8,curr5t ,lit]ature0 = ,augu/1 #aiji1 pp4 #aif-aii4 ,= a v int]e/+ detail$ acc\nt ( ! beg9n+s ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 see ! ext5d$ quotation f ,/ubbs's 8,select ,*>t]s0 9 ,be>d's 8,introduction10 pp4 #abd-aeg4 ,9 discuss+ ! 8black dea?0 & its effects1 x is wor? :ile to po9t out ! revolution wr\ght by mod]n m$ic9e & sanitation to :i* is due ! abs5ce ( su* plagues f mod]n ,europe4 ,! 8bubonic plague10 :i* /ill deva/ates ,india1 is mu* l ! 8black dea?10 & ! failure ( ! ,engli% to ext]m9ate x 9 ,india is due to ! sup]/iti\s dread & suspicion ) :i* ! natives reg>d all ef=ts t[>d inoculation1 segregation & dis9fection4 ,9 ! 8,read+s10 pp4 #bee-beg1 is a contempor>y acc\nt ( ! plague :i* n only pa9ts x reali/ically1 b %[s its effects on labor4 ,civics 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ool ,,alb]t ,h4 ,,san=d1 ,editor4 ,,! ,,correlation ,,( ,,am]ican ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,civics4 ,9 ! ye> #aijf a committee ( ! ,nor? ,c5tral ,hi/ory ,tea*]s' ,association made an inve/igation ( ! relations exi/+ betwe5 ,am]ican ,hi/ory & ,civics 9 second>y s*ools1 _! report be+ pr9t$ 9 ! ,proce$+s ( t date4 ,a portion ( ! report consi/$ ( an outl9e %[+ ! possibility ( correlat+ _m topics 9 ^! two subjects4 ,9 response to num]\s reque/s ?is portion ( ! report is "h re-pr9t$4 ,9 _! conclusions1 ! committee recomm5d$ correlation z f> z ?is is feasible2 b !y emphasiz$ ! fact t _m important topics 9 ,civics w\ld n be adequately treat$ by ?is me?od1 & h5ce %\ld be taught sep>ately4 ,! argum5ts support+ ?is & o!r conclusions are to be f\nd 9 ! full report ref]r$ to above4 ,! committee consi/$ ( ! foll[+3 ,alb]t ,h4 ,san=d1 ,c>l ,russell ,fi%1 ,mildr$ ,h9sdale1 ,c4 ,c4 ,beb\t1 & ,m>y ,l\ise ,*ilds4 ,an ,outl9e ,%[+ ! ,correlation ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory ) ,civics4 7#a7 ,,colonial ,,hi/ory4 ,,hi/ory ,,topics4 ,,civics ,,topics4 ,a--,local ,gov]nm5ts4 ,t[n ,type 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,t[n ,organization ( ,to-day4 ,ari/ocratic ,c\nty ,type 9 ! ,c\nty ,organization 9 ,s\!rn ,s\?4 ,/ates4 ,comb9$ ,t[n & ,democratic ,t[ns & ,c\nties 9 all ,c\nty ,type 9 ,middle ,colonies4 ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,x is n int5d$ t ! ,civics topics /at$ above %all be treat$ exhau/ively2 ! m]e fact ( ! exi/5ce ( ! organizations t correspond to ! colonial types is ! ext5t ( ! correlation at ?is po9t4 7,reasons = ?is re/riction w be /at$ lat]47 ,! important ?+ is t ! pupil be taught n to associate ^! in/itutions exclusively ) ! localities 9 :i* !y orig9at$1 b to reg>d !m z ! typical =ms ( organization ( ^? diff]5t elem5ts ( our population :i* !y c>ri$1 or r "u :i* !y m>*$1 we/w>d4 ,,hi/ory ,,topics4 ,,civics ,,topics4 ,b--,colonial ,gov]nm5ts4 ,colonial ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,/ate ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 or ,assembly4 ,colonial ,gov]nor's ,c\ncil4 ,/ate ,s5ate4 ,colonial ,gov]nor & ,c\rts4 ,/ate ,gov]nor & ,c\rts4 ,colonial ,*>t]4 ,/ate ,con/itution4 ,c--,briti% ,empire4 ,control ( ,=eign ,affairs1 ,peace ,control ( same affairs by & ,w>1 ,indians1 ungrant$ ,congress4 l&1 & ,comm]ce by ,p>liam5t4 ,privy ,c\ncil4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt4 7#b7 ,,revolution>y ,,& ,,critical ,,p]iods4 ,,hi/ory ,,topics4 ,,civics ,,topics4 ,! ,=mation ( ,/ate ,gov]nm5ts ,! ,exi/+ ,/ates & ,/ate & adoption ( ,/ate ,con/itutions4 ,con/itutions4 ,cont95tal ,congresses & ,articles ,! ,c5tral ,gov]nm5t4 ( ,conf$]ation4 ,! ,impot5ce ( ,congress4 ,our /rong c5tral p[]s4 ,prom95ce ( ,/ate ,feel+4 ,! ,national _s4 ,attitude ( ,=eign ,nations4 ,position ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to-day4 ,x w be notic$ 9 7#a7 & 7#b7 t ! comp>isons are betwe5 p>ticul> facts ( our hi/ory & "s ( ! m g5]al features ( our ,national gov]nm5t4 ,! details ( pres5t conditions may n be und]/ood by /ud5ts :o h n /udi$ ,civics sep>ately4 7#c7 ,,con/itutional ,,p]iod4 ,"u ! topics t foll[1 we f9d ! hi/ory ( our pres5t ,national gov]nm5t1 se5 9 ! =mation ( ! ,con/itution & ! work+s ( ! gov]nm5t ?us =m$4 ,! natural correlation1 !n1 is betwe5 ! ev5t 7ei!r 9 ! ,con/itutional ,conv5tion or 9 our lat] hi/ory7 & t "p ( ! ,con/itution :i* ?us came ab\t1 or :i* =ms ! basis = ! action ( ! gov]nm5t describ$4 ,! hi/orical topics are n arrang$ 9 /rictly *ronological ord]1 b 9 ! sequ5ce 9 :i* !y are usually treat$4 ,9 mo/ cases no m5tion has be5 made ( ev5ts :i* %[ ! work+ ( ! gov]nm5t "u a clause ( ! ,con/itution t has once be5 includ$2 = in/ance1 n all ! important treaties ( our hi/ory are m5tion$4 ,en\gh att5tion %\ld be devot$ to ! clause :5 fir/ m5tion$ to fix x 9 ! m9d ( ! pupil4 ,9 "s in/ances1 h[ev]1 !re is repetition ( ?is k9d1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! int]pretation has *ang$ f "t to "t4 ,a4 ,! ,con/itutional ,conv5tion4 ,art4 ,sec4 ,clause4 ,legislative ,dep>tm5t #a #a #a #d #b ,! ,h\se #a #b #a1 #c1 #e ,! ,s5ate #a #c #a1 #b1 #d1 #e ,additional ,compromise provisions #a #g #a #a #i #d ,executive ,dep>tm5t #b #a #a1 #d1 #e1 #f ,judicial ,dep>tm5t #c #a #a ,comm]ce que/ions #a #h #c #a #i #a1 #e1 #f ,surr5d] ( p[]s by ,/ates #a #aj #a1 #b1 #c ,grant ( ^! p[]s to ,u4 ,s4 #a #h #a1 #c1 #e1 #aa ,ratification ( ! ,con/itution #g ,! fir/ t5 ,am5dm5ts #f & ,amdts4 #a-aj ,b4 ,! ,adm9i/rations4 ,! election ( ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t1 #aghi #b #a #a1 #b ,! oa? ( (fice tak5 by ,wa%+ton #b #a #g ,organization ( ,dep>tm5ts #a #h #ah ,! ,cab9et1 compos$ ( heads ( depts4 #b #b #a ,! ,cab9et responsible to ! ,presid5t#f #b #b #b1 #c ,! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t #a #i #g ,! fir/ rev5ue bills #a #h #a ,e/abli%m5t ( m9t & co9age #a #h #e1 #f ,c5sus ( #agij #a #b #c ,provisions = ,u4 ,s4 & ,/ate debts #a #h #b #f #a ,! ,national ,bank1 broad & /rict con/ruction #a #h #ah ,legislation on we/]n l&s #d #c #b ,admission ( ,v]mont & ,k5tucky #d #c #a ,! ,:iskey ,insurrection #b #c #a #h #ae #b #b #a ,wa%+ton's refusal to receive ,g5et #b #c ,jay's ,treaty #b #b #b ,case ( ,*i%olm vs4 ,georgia ,am5dm5t #aa ,?reat5$ w> ) ,france #a #h #aa1 #ab1 #ac1ad ,naturalization act #a #h #d ,s$ition law ,am5dm5t #a ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky ,resolutions1 ,preamble4 ! nature ( ! gov]nm5t #a #h #ah #f #b ,am5dm5ts #i1 #aj4 ,organization ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia #a #h #ag ,election ( #ahja #b #a #b ,am5dm5t #ab4 ,adams's 8midnight judges0 #a #h #i #b #b #b ,case ( ,m>bury vs4 ,madison #c #b #a ,impea*m5t ( ,*ase #b #d #a #b #e #a #c #f1 #g ,l\isiana ,pur*ase #b #b #b #a #h #ah ,cumb]l& ,road appropriation #a #h #g1 #ah ,burr's trial #c #c #a1 #b #c #b #c ,prohibition ( slave trade #a #i #a ,emb>go ,act #a #h #c ,clay z ,speak] #a #b #e ,action ( ,new ,engl& ,/ates z reg>ds militia #a #h #ae1 #af ,new ,engl& opposition to ,w> ( #ahab1 ,preamble4 & ,h>t=d ,conv5tion #a #h #ah #f #b ,am5dm5ts #i1 #aj4 ,treaty ( ,gh5t 7ano!r me?od ( negotiat+ treaties7 #b #b #b ,supreme ,c\rt decisions z to jurisdiction ( ,/ates & ,nation--,influ5ce ( ,m>%all #c #b #a ,protective t>iff1 #ahaf #a #h #a1 #ah ,int]nal improvem5t laws & vetoes #a #h #g1 #ah #a #g #b ,miss\ri ,compromise #d #c #b #d #b #a ,election ( #ahbd by ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,am5dm5t #ab4 ,nullification by ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,preamble4 #a #h #ah #f #b ,am5dm5ts #i1 #aj4 ,public l&s #d #c #b ,spoils sy/em #b #b #b 8,gag rule0 ,am5dm5t #a4 ,c5sure & expung+ resolution #a #e #c ,indep5d5t treasury #a #h #ah ,succession ( ,tyl] to ,presid5cy #b #a #e ,annexation ( ,texas by jo9t resolution #a #g #c ,decl>ation ( w> aga9/ ,mexico #a #h #aa ,influ5ce ( pat5t & copyright sy/ems #a #h #h ,wilmot ,proviso--,squatt] sov]eignty discussion #d #c #b ,fugitive slave law #d #b #c ,abolition ( slave trade 9 ,di/rict ( ,columbia #a #h #ag ,p]sonal lib]ty laws & und]gr\nd railroad #f #b ,am5dm5ts #f1 #g4 ,attempt$ expulsion ( ,brooks #a #e #b ,dr$ ,scott decision #c #b #a #d #c #b ,l9coln-,d\glas debates2 election ( ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ator #a #c #a ,secession & ,bu*anan's policy--,legal ,preamble4 position ( sec$+ ,/ates #a #h #ah #f #b ,am5dm5ts #i1 #aj4 ,l9coln's policy 9 re9=c+ ,ft4 ,sumt] #b #a #g #b #c ,! ,u4 ,s4 army & navy1 & ! draft #a #h #ab1 #ac1 #ae #b #b #a ,susp5sion ( ! writ ( habeas corpus #a #i #b ,congressional taxation & bonds acts #a #h #a1 #b ,legal t5d] act #a #h #b1 #e ,emancipation proclamation #b #b #a ,national bank act #a #h #ah ,supreme ,c\rt decision on ! nature ( ! ,union ,preamble4 #a #h #ah #f #b ,am5dm5ts #i1 #aj4 ,civil ,s]vice ,act #b #b #b ,int]/ate ,comm]ce & ,anti-,tru/ ,laws #a #h #c ,income tax decision #a #b #c #a #i #d ,reciprocity acts #a #h #aa ,annexation ( ,hawaii #a #g #c #b #b #b ,free co9age #a #h #e ,re/riction ( ,suffrage 9 ,s\? ,am5dm5t #ad1 ,section #b4 ,gold /&>d act1 #aijj #a #h #e ,immigration laws #a #h #c ,injunctions 9 labor disputes #c #b #a ,po/al ,sav+s ,banks #a #h #g ,,footnote3 #f ,at ?is po9t ! comp>ison betwe5 our sy/em & ! ,engli% cab9et sy/em may be introduc$2 b ?is _c be fully discuss$ until aft] ! committee sy/em is und]/ood4 ,reports f ! ,hi/orical ,field ,,walt] ,h4 ,,cu%+1 ,editor4 ,,ox=d ,,summ] ,,s*ool4 ,! ,ox=d ,summ] ,s*ool has two s\ls4 ,! /ud5t feels ! influ5ce ( ea* f ! mom5t he ent]s ! exam9ation halls--nay1 z he hurries d[n ,high ,/reet1 8! glori\s ,high ,/reet10 :i* ,wordswor?'s sonnet has en%r9$4 ,9 spite ( ! gr\ps ( =eign]s talk+ toge!r 9 _! "m tongues z !y too ha/5 t[>ds ! meet+1 9 spite ( ! s+le wom5 :o we> ,engli% boots1 & speak ) ! ,engli% g5tlewoman's melliflu\s voice1 9 spite ( tall blonde ,g]man /ud5ts argu+ vocif]\sly b good-natur$ly1 9 spite ( ! :ole "o ?\s& ?ree hundr$ m5 & wom51 :o are ga!r+ toge!r = ano!r r5ew$ quick5+ 9 mod]n ?\ght along educational l9es1 "o feels a ?rong ( gho/s press+ 9 ^u him--gho/s ( memories :i* surge z really z does ! cr[d itself4 ,"o feels ! _s ( ,to-day & ,to-morr[ tak+ hold ( him & ! _s ( ,ye/]day :isp]+ 9 8 e>s4 ,"o %\ld be ,janus-fac$ 9 ,ox=d1 = ! s\l ( ! ,pa/ & ! s\l ( ,n[ beckon ea* 9 its own way4 ,"o _c turn a corn] ( ! high walls1 or pass ?r\gh a gateway1 or w&] ?r\gh a cloi/]1 )\t feel+ ! ineffable beauty ( ! pa/1 ! intangible glory ( ! days ( ,wolsey & ,cranm] & ,cromwell & ,reg9ald ,pole1 or ! lat] gorge\sness ( ,*>les ,i & ! army ( ,royali/s :o held high c>nival "h be=e _! d[nfall4 ,m5 :o h made mod]n ?\ght possible1 poets1 essayi/s1 hi/orians1 sci5ti/s1 "o t\*es ! influ5ce ( _! "w at e /ep1 z well z meet+ !m face to face f _! portraits ^u ! walls ( college banquet+ halls or *apt] h\ses4 ,ev]y:]e "o feels ev5 a /ill great] p[]1 ! ecclesia/ical dom9ation1 :i* 9 e>ly days peopl$ ?is glori\s city ) its monks1 fri>s1 prie/s & bi%ops4 ,"o's imag9ations runs riot z he pe]s f a cloi/] walk1 :5 ! *imes are jangl+4 ,he all b sees ! ,b5$ict9e ,fri>s1 & he does n ne$ to await _! com+ across ! s(t1 velvety gre51 "u ! spread+ limes1 or oaks1 !y are !re1 _! brevi>ies 9 _! h&s1 _! heads b[$4 ,b :ile ! /ud5t conjures up ! m5 :o made ,ox=d 9 ! ?irte5?1 & f\rte5?1 & fifte5? c5turies1 ! m5 ( ! tw5tie? c5tury are press+ aga9/ him ) human =ce1 & he f9ds himself cross+ ,high ,/reet once m ) ! surg+ cr[d4 ,he has le>n$ to diff]5tiate ! memb]s ( ! s*ool /ill fur!r4 ,?is gr\p are ,sw$es2 & ano!r ,danes2 ^? m51 ) a scatt]+ ( wom51 are ,sociali/s2 ! bevy ( black-ey$1 r$-*eek$ girls come f ,france2 !y are try+ 9 ?ree weeks to rub up _! conv5t ,engli%4 ,!n !re are s _m r\nd-fac$1 r\nd-bodi$ ,g]man fraus1 ! embodim5t ( com=tabl5ess1 :o h come ov] ) _! !oretical husb&s4 ,& surely "s ( ^! ,g]man /ud5ts seem to ne$ j su* 8help-mates0 to keep !m atta*$ to e>?4 ,z "o sits 9 ! gall]y ( ! ,%eldonian ,!at] "o almo/ feels t a map ( ! social _w lies bel[1 & t ! little gr\ps ( p]sons are types ( ! great nations !mselves3 ! eag] nations ( ,europe & ,am]ica1 ! live nations :i* are se>*+ aft] ! solution ( _w-problems4 ,! ,ox=d ,summ] ,s*ool ( #aiji has und]tak5 to pres5t c\rses 9 ?ree major subjects3 ! contribution ( m$ieval & mod]n ,italy to _w-civilization is its hi/ory c\rse4 ,9 economics ! discussion ( indu/rial problems & trades-unions is draw+ toge!r l>ge audi5ces1 & ar\s+ int5se int]e/4 ,me?ods ( education :i* %all br+ a quick5+ to ! pr(essional _w itself is a ?ird l9e ( ?\ght4 ,9 connection ) ! hi/orical c\rse1 ! lit]ature1 sci5ce & art ea* f9ds a l>ge place4 ,p]haps no =m] summ] s*ool has (f]$ a m concrete & wisely-arrang$ program ?an t ( ?is ye>'s summ] meet+ 9 ,ox=d4 ,! delegacy has s arrang$ ! c\rses t an int5sity ( ?\ght gives an opportunity = mo/ rem>kable conc5tration 9 data4 ,?ree weeks is b a v %ort "t = "o to att5d lectures1 especially if ! lectures are scatt]+1 a subject "h & a subject !re4 ,b ?is conc5tration ( int]e/ ^u m$ieval & mod]n ,italy1 ?is int5sive /udy ( ,dante & 8 contempor>ies1 ?is pres5tation ( ,italian ?\ght1 gov]nm5t & politics1 z well z ,italian art & society1 give a cont9uity & a r\nd+ out to ! subject pres5t$4 ,to illu/rate ! wisdom ( ! delegacy4 ,! summ] meet+ 0 op5$ by an address by ! ,italian ,ambassador1 ,m>quis ,di ,guiliano1 & f ! op5+ words ( ?is ,italian diplomat to ! pres5t writ+1 ! summ] meet+ has kept to ! ?\ght :i* ! orator himself pres5t$1 our inh]itance f ,italy4 ,a ^w 9 reg>d to ! delegacy4 ,! (ficial heads are ! vice-*ancellor ( ! univ]sity & ! proctors1 toge!r ) ! secret>y1 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,a4 ,r4 ,m>riott1 ,m4,a41 :o1 ) 8 assi/ant secret>y1 ,miss ,e4 ,m4 ,gunt]1 are ! active memb]s ( ! delegates1 :o numb] tw5ty & repres5t ! colleges ( ! univ]sity4 ,! summ] meet+ is divid$ into two p>ts3 ,fir/ "p f ,july #cj to ,augu/ #aa1 & ! second f ,augu/ #aa to #bc4 ,! tuition = ! two p>ts is b #a4aj & work+ m5 & wom5 may obta9 ! above tickets at half price "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,n only are ! c\rses s arrang$ t ! /ud5ts may select companion subjects out ( ^! two sections & focus _! int]e/s ^u special "w1 b ! "w itself is s outl9$ & pr9t$ t syllabi may be obta9$ = almo/ no?+4 ,?us ! /ud5t has a guide ( ?\ght ) him at e lecture1 z well z some?+ to c>ry away4 ,among ! great m5 :o are lectur+ at ! summ] meet+ are ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,hudson ,%aw1 already well kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,a4 ,l4 ,smi?1 ,=d lectur] 9 ,engli% ,hi/ory2 ,e4 ,l4 ,s4 ,horsburgh1 ,b4,a41 ^: discussions on economic problems are hold+ toge!r cons]vative !ori/s & advanc$ ,sociali/s 9 rem>kable fa%ion1 z he pres5ts ! topics relat+ to indu/rial problems4 ,george ,n4 ,trevelyan1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,k4 ,/ride1 ,r4 ,v4 ,leon>d & ,edmund ,g>dn] are "h1 & o!r m5 ^: manuals are also fam\s4 ,p]haps ! lectures on ,dante by ! ,rev4 ,p4 ,h4 ,wick/e$ draw ! l>ge/ audi5ces1 b ! great class-rooms ( ! exam9ation s*ools are fill$ to ov]-fl[+ 9 almo/ e case1 s en?usia/ic are ! /ud5ts4 ,"o might ?r[ 9 p>5!sis "h t ! und]graduate calls ^! en?usia/ic summ] /ud5ts 8/ret*]s0 7ano!r ^w = ext5sioni/s74 ,x w\ld be impossible to comp>e an ,am]ican ,summ] ,s*ool ) ! ,summ] ,s*ool at ,ox=d4 ,i h attempt$ to write only ! fir/ impressions t "o ga9s 9 ?is univ]sity t[n4 ,ea* travell] ga9s a diff]5t impression d\btless1 & 9 ord] to ga9 t impression he mu/ come himself4 ,my la/ ^w1 !re=e1 to my read] is n to rememb] my impressions1 b to plan to visit ,ox=d & ga9 8 own impression1 & 8 own individual quick5+4 ,,mabel ,,hill1 ,normal ,s*ool1 ,l[ell1 ,mass4 ,ox=d1 ,engl&1 ,aug4 #d1 #aiji4 ,,san ,,francisco ,,gr\p4 ,a gr\p ( ab\t fifty hi/ory tea*]s1 repres5t+ ! grades1 ! high s*ool1 & ! univ]sity1 & liv+ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,san ,francisco1 h =m$ ! habit ( ga!r+ in=mally at lun*eon f "t to "t1 to meet socially & to discuss que/ions ( pr(essional int]e/4 ,at ! la/ meet+4 ,septemb] #ah1 ! topic 0 8,! ,practical ,value ( ,hi/ory40 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,n4 ,p[man op5$ ) a /imulat+ essay1 & 0 foll[$ by a g5]al discussion4 ,^! meet+s are useful 9 enabl+ hi/ory tea*]s ( v>i\s grades to le>n :at ea* o!r man is do+1 & to discov] common aims4 ,x is plann$ to cont9ue !m at int]vals ( ab\t ?ree mon?s4 ,br[n's 8,! ,am]ican ,high ,s*ool0 ,,review$ ,,by ,,george ,h4 ,,ga/on4 ,9 beg9n+ 8 book1 ,dr4 ,br[n %[s t ! mod]n high s*ool is ! ?ird /age 9 ! evolution ( second>y education 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ! fir/ be+ ! ,lat9 gramm> s*ool ( colonial times1 & ! second ! academy fl\ri%+ betwe5 ! ,revolution & ! ,civil ,w>4 ,he makes x cle> t ! high s*ool 0 ! natural consequ5ce ( ! develop+ political1 social & indu/rial ideas ( ! p]iod4 ,its popul>ity is %[n by its ph5om5al gr[? 9 fifty ye>s4 ,its function z n[ e/abli%$ is well made "o ( ! mo/ important *apt]s ( ! book1 = x is ! conception ( purpose t mu/ det]m9e its entire developm5t1 z well z ! measure ( its usefulness4 ,9 its relation to ! elem5t>y s*ool x is ess5tially cont9uation & co-op]ation1 accompani$ by ! _m *anges suit$ to adolesc5ce4 ,hav+ at fir/ no vital relation to ! college1 x is conc$$ t x %\ld prep>e = ,/ate univ]sities1 :]e su* exi/1 & = colleges g5]ally1 b x mu/ also s]ve ! be/ int]e/s ( ^? n go+ to college4 ,f ! peculi> nature ( our republic1 its function to ! pupil is ( su* a nature & mu/ 9 su* a mann] be dis*>g$ t culture1 habits ( indu/ry1 a heal?y civic _s & increas$ social effici5cy w be "s ( ! _m rew>ds = ! great & increas+ exp5diture by ! ,/ate4 ,foll[+ logically ! function ( ! high s*ool1 is ! discussion ( ! educational value ( ! diff]5t /udies4 ,tradition has prev5t$ until rec5tly any su* sci5tific exam9ation ( ! /udies pursu$ 9 ! high s*ool4 ,z to _! value 9 accompli%+ ! aim ( education z he conceives x1 ! au?or gives 8 e/imate ( ! v>i\s classes ( subjects f ! /&po9t ( in=mation1 p[]1 "*1 social value1 etc41 & con/ructs def9ite programs proce$+ f ?is /udy4 ,9 ! organization & managem5t ( ! high s*ool !re are _m real problems f\nd 9 all1 b _! relative importance v>ies ) ! size ( ! s*ool4 ,! prep>ation ( ! tea*]1 8 selection & effici5t sup]vision are "s ( ! mo/ important consid]ations 9 work+ t[>d ! /&>ds ( ! ,nor? ,c5tral ,association ( ,colleges & ,second>y ,s*ools "h produc$ & repres5t+ ! mo/ advanc$ practical ?\ght conc]n+ ! ess5tials ( a good high s*ool4 ,al?\gh n neglect+ mat]ial equipm5t ) all x means 9 a mod]n high s*ool1 x is gratify+ to f9d x completely subord9at$ to ! liv+1 active side ( ! in/itution1 ! tea*]1 ! pr9cipal & ! pupil4 ,8 treatm5t ( pr9cipal & ( pupil reveals true p$agogical insight & g5u9e sympa?y1 b x is ! tea*] = :om he *]i%es su* advanc$ ideals ( academic & pr(essional tra9+1 ( p]sonality1 & ( exp]i5ce1 t he *>act]izes z 8by all odds1 ! mo/ influ5tial factor 9 high s*ool education40 ,! real he>t & life ( ! s*ool is rea*$ 9 ! ke5 & sugge/ive discussions ( ! class ex]cise1 "*-=m+ gov]nm5t1 & ! rec5tly-conceiv$ possibilities ( social developm5t1 ) its num]\s & s]i\s problems1 "o ( :i* only is ! secret society4 ,!re is inspiration 9 ! high ideals ( ! relations betwe5 high s*ool & community4 ,= _m reasons giv51 x is a timely topic = tea*]s & p>5ts1 & :5 ev5 p>tially realiz$ w aid 9 ! solution ( pres5t problems & help to det]m9e future developm5t1 two que/ions1 ^: imp>tial & fundam5tal treatm5t is a real /imulus & a safe guide4 ,?is book des]ves wide read+ = _m reasons4 ,x is enc\rag+ 9 _s1 b fe>less 9 criticism1 :i* is ev]y:]e con/ructive2 its /yle is simple & direct ?r\gh\t1 ?us adapt+ itself to ! att5tion ( p>5ts & s*ool bo>ds z well z ! pr(ession2 x deals ) que/ions vital to bo? l>ge & small s*ools2 its bibliographies & illu/rative mat]ial 9 ! app5dices are pilots on a va/ sea2 & a c>eful read+ w result 9 a greatly-increas$ fai? 9 ! pres5t high value & ! b\ndless future possibilities :i* ! au?or *]i%es 9 su* l>ge measure = ! ,am]ican high s*ool4 8,! ,am]ican ,high ,s*ool40 ,by ,john ,frankl9 ,br[n1 ,ph4,d4 ,! ,macmillan ,co41 #aiji4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notes4 ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,l4 ,cannon1 ( ,lel& ,/an=d ,junior ,univ]sity1 has 9 prep>ation = e>ly publication by ,g9n ,co4 a book ( read+ ref]5ces = ,engli% hi/ory1 9 :i* ^u a great _m topics ( ,engli% hi/ory he w give ref]5ces to ov] fifte5 hundr$ books ^u ,engli% hi/ory4 ,pr(essor ,all5 ,c4 ,?omas1 ( ,hav]=d ,college1 is prep>+ = publication by ,d4 ,c4 ,hea? ,co4 a new text-book 9 ,engli% hi/ory1 :i* w foll[ ! pr9ciples already appli$ by ! au?or 9 8 ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mrs4 ,s*uyl] ,van ,r5ssela] has publi%$ ?r\gh ! ,macmillan ,co4 ! fir/ "p ( h] compreh5sive "w ^u ! hi/ory ( ! city ( ,new ,york4 ,! fir/ two volumes deal ) ! hi/ory ( ! city 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 99 99 99 99 99 ,make ,y\r ,own ,s]ies ,( ,hi/orical ,wall ,maps = any p]iod ( hi/ory1 or y\r own s]ies ( maps = comm]cial or political geography by us+ color$ p5cil1 crayon1 or wat]-colors1 & ! ,mc,kinley ,wall ,outl9e ,maps ,! co/ is m]ely nom9al1 & ! tea*] or pupil w b5efit mu* by /udy+ out 9 detail ! significant facts f maps 9 atlases or text-books4 ,= ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,hi/ory !re are maps ( ! c\ntry z a :ole1 ( ! ,ea/]n ,section1 ! ,upp] & ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley1 ! ,pacific ,coa/1 ,new ,engl&1 ! ,middle ,atlantic & ! ,s\? ,atlantic ,/ates1 ( ,nor? ,am]ica & ! ,_w4 ,= ,,engli% ,,hi/ory !re are maps ( ,engl&1 ! ,briti% ,isles1 ,france & ,engl&1 ,europe & ! ,_w4 ,= ,,anci5t ,,hi/ory !re are maps ( ! ,ea/]n ,_w1 ,pale/9e1 ,greece1 ,italy1 ! ,roman ,empire1 & ,gaul4 ,= ,,european ,,hi/ory !re are maps ( ,europe z a :ole1 ! ,m$it]ranean ,_w1 ,c5tral ,europe1 ,france1 ,italy1 ,engl&1 ! ,briti% ,isles1 & ( ! sev]al ,cont95ts = ! /udy ( ,european colonization4 ,= ,,geography !re are maps ( ! _w1 ( ea* ( ! ,cont95ts1 & ( _m subdivisions ( ! ,cont95ts ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,= ,,economics1 ,,hi/ory1 ,,& ,,geography1 !re is ! new cross-rul$1 ,cord9ate ,pap] = depict+ l9es ( gr[? & developm5t4 ,price1 #bj c5ts ea* ,po/age extra1 #aj c5ts = "o map2 #b c5ts = ea* additional map4 ,t5 or m copies1 #ag c5ts ea*2 tw5ty-five or m copies1 #ae c5ts ea*2 c>riage extra4 ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y ,,publi%+ ,,co4 #ehje ,g]mant[n ,av5ue ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,correspond5ce ,editor ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e4 ,i am v mu* pleas$ ) ! ,,magaz9e4 ,i hope t !re may be a *ance 9 x = discussion ( ! c\rse ( /udy ( hi/ory = ! second>y s*ool4 ,?is w n transgress ! "w ( any committee1 z ! ,committee ( ,five 0 to deal ) ,anci5t ,hi/ory = admission to college4 ,a4 ,e4 ,d4 ,editor ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e4 ,:at reasons w\ld y give to a beg9n] 9 hi/ory = /udy+ ! subject8 ,:at reasons w\ld y give to an advanc$ pupil8 ,s4 ,s4 ,f4 ,,ans4--,answ]s to ?is "q w be f\nd 9 any ( ! manuals ^u ! tea*+ ( hi/ory1 su* z ^? by ,b\rne1 ,mc,murray1 ,h9sdale1 & 9 ! ,report ( ! ,committee ( ,sev54 ,an excell5t summ>y ( ! reasons1 toge!r ) ref]5ces to ext5d$ treatm5t ( ! subject1 w be f\nd 9 ,pr(essor ,frankl9 ,l4 ,riley's 8,syllabus on ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory10 privately pr9t$ by himself at ,univ]sity1 ,miss4 7price #be;c474 ,editor ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e4 ,we are /udy+ ! hi/ory ( ,greece1 & ,i want little maps on leaflets s t ea* "o c be famili> ) ! geographical location ( ea* c\ntry1 city1 or t[n1 z we /udy x4 ,c y ref] me to any su* s]ies8 ,d4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,ans4--,murray's classical maps w be f\nd s]viceable = su* purposes4 ,!y c be b\ght at a l[ price1 & w amply repay ! co/4 ,editor ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e4 ,i h j be5 exam9+ ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e4 ,w\ld l to ask if y "k ( a simil> magaz9e = ! grades4 ,c y also advise me z to ! be/ ref]5ce books = ! grades 9 t subject8 ,a4 ,v4 ,,ans4--7#a7 ,!re is no magaz9e devot$ solely to ! tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 ! grades4 ,hi/ory1 z well z o!r subjects1 is treat$ 9 8,! ,tea*]'s ,magaz9e0 & 9 ! 8,s*ool ,review40 ,hi/ory 9 ! grades w be giv5 an increas+ly important position 9 our own magaz9e4 7#b7 ,! be/ ref]5ce book ^u ! tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 ! grades is ! report ( ! ,committee ( ,eight1 m5tion$ 9 sev]al places 9 ?is issue ( ! ,,magaz9e4 ,miss ,s>ah ,a4 ,dynes has 9 prep>ation a book ^u ! subject4 ,editor ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e4 ,i w\ld l to add my tribute to ! rem>kable value ( ! new ,,magaz9e = u hi/ory tea*]s4 ,i am delight$ t y recognize ! importance ( ,am]ican gov]nm5t z wor?y ( a place ( its own 9 y\r pap]4 ,we tea*]s ( civics1 :o h be5 /ruggl+ = ye>s to give ?is valuable subject a place 9 ! curriculum j because a c]ta9 gr\p ( colleges & univ]sities h p]si/$ 9 refus+ x college entrance cr$it1 rejoice :5 public recognition is ?us be/[$ ^u our subject4 ,we return ) fre% int]e/ & c\rage to our ef=ts to tea* ! pr9ciples ( citiz5%ip to ! boys & girls "u our *>ge4 ,z ! basic idea ( our c\rse is citiz5%ip1 ,i confess ,i mu* pref] ! t]m 8,civics0 to 8,am]ican ,gov]nm5t10 9 spite ( ,pr(essor ,s*ap]'s contempt = su* designation4 ,x gives me a mu* broad] basis = my "w ?an ! n>r[] t]m4 ,m4 ,l4 ,c4 ,,hi/orical ,,s\rces ,,9 ,,public ,,high ,,s*ools4 ,editor ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e3 ,! article 9 ! ,septemb] issue ( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e entitl$ 8,"o ,use ( ,s\rces 9 ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory0 is int]e/+ bo? 9 its po9t ( view & 9 ! concrete illu/ration ( ! me?od pres5t$ by ,pr(essor ,fl+4 ,! 8me?ods0 pursu$ by diff]5t tea*]s ( hi/ory w v>y l>gely & *iefly 9 consonance ) ! respectively dissimil> aims held 9 m9d by ! tea*]s4 ,i mu/ own t an exp]i5ce ( t5 ye>s 9 tea*+ hi/ory 9 ! high s*ools ( ,new ,york ,city has eng5d]$ a m mode/ purpose ?an t av[$ by ,pr(essor ,fl+2 my own aim is less ambiti\s ?an 8 & at ! same "t1 p]haps1 m compreh5sive2 x may n be1 l 81 bas$ ^u 8my conception ( educational !ory & ( ! logic ( hi/orical sci5ce02 x is1 h[ev]1 bas$ ^u a fir/-h& k ( ! intellectual atta9m5ts & limitations ( girls & boys ( high s*ool age4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a great diff]5ce 9 m5tal p[] betwe5 pupils dur+ ! "t devot$ to ,greek hi/ory & dur+ t 9 :i* !y are /udy+ ,am]ican hi/ory & civics2 !re are1 too1 great disp>ities 9 ! *ildr5 ( ! same grades & 9 diff]5t s*ools1 & yet ,i ?9k x is a safe g5]alization to decl>e t broadly speak+1 our pupils are surpris+ly immature & undevelop$ m5tally1 ev5 :51 z 8sweet girl graduates10 or _! bro!rs1 !y leave u = ! /ruggle ( life1 or = college4 ,! public high s*ool1 support$ z x is by ! money ( ! p1 mu/ necess>ily adapt itself to ! ne$s ( ! *ildr5 s5t to x2 ! va/ majority ( our pupils receive f u ! 8f9i%+ t\*es0 ( _! =mal education1 z !y d n g to college1 b plunge at once into 8! _w40 ,su* be+ ! fact1 :at !n %\ld be ! aim ( ! hi/ory tea*]8 ,%\ld x be to inculcate 8! me?odical se>* = tru?10 us+ ! phrase 9 ! s5se evid5tly int5d$ by bo? ,m4 ,lanson & ,pr(essor ,fl+8 ,rememb]+ ! specific task set be=e u1 viz43 ins(> z we are able1 to fit our *>ges to grapple ) ! practical problems ( life1 ,i am compell$ to say t su* a tra9+ 9 ! /udy ( hi/ory z ,pr(essor ,fl+ ?9ks desirable = high s*ool pupils w\ld be woefully "o-sid$ & inadequate4 ,we are n expect$ to tra9 hi/orians nor hi/orical speciali/s2 we leave to ! colleges to discov] unusual natural aptitudes = inve/igation & rese>*1 & we consid] t 9 ! univ]sities ! po/-graduate s*ool f9ds its sph]e 9 ! tra9+ ( ! hi/orical exp]t2 on ! o!r h&1 to ! high s*ool is giv5 ! privilege ( introduc+ ^! y\ng] m9ds into ! doma9 ( hi/ory4 ,& :ile en=c+ ! importance ( accuracy & exactness 9 ?9k+ & 9 =m+ judgm5ts ( m5 & ( ev5ts1 x is n only our task to inculcate 8! me?odical se>* = tru?10 b to ?r[ op5 to ! pupils ! lit]ature ( ! subject1 to %[ !m h[ to use books to ar\se _! int]e/ 9 sc5es & c\ntries remov$ by "t & space f !mselves1 to create1 too1 an int]e/ 9 ! social life ( times pres5t & pa/1 & to inspire a sane _s ( pride 9 our c\ntry & loyalty to x4 ,! prop] use ( 8,s\rces0 = ! accompli%m5t ( ^! results is n1 !n1 z ,i h come to ?9k1 9 sett+ su* lessons z ,pr(essor ,fl+ sugge/s 9 ! in/ance ( ! ,battle ( ,salamis2 p]sonally ,i r>ely place 9 ! h&s ( pupils any s\rces4 ,i h _h few classes ( suffici5t maturity ( m9d to pr(it by su* a c\rse4 ,i d1 h[ev]1 read & expla9 to !m su* s\rces z ,i ?9k w s]ve to add reality1 fre%ness & life to ! text4 ,contr>y to ,pr(essor ,fl+1 ,i ?9k t ! only place = ! 8,s\rces0 is 9 ! h&s ( ! tea*] & n 9 ^? ( ! pupils2 ,i d n believe 9 ! s-call$ 8,s\rce ,me?od0 ( hi/ory tea*+ 9 second>y s*ools2 x is unsuit$ to ! m5tal capacity ( ! pupils & contributes only indirectly to :at ,i consid] ! aims t %\ld control our tea*+ ( hi/ory4 ,"o rem>k made by ,pr(essor ,fl+ is almo/ nave4 ,he says3 8,two ex]cises a week w\ld be en\gh = int5sive critical "w40 ,yes1 x probably w\ld be2 especially 9 ,greek & ,roman hi/ory1 :i* 9 our ,new ,york high s*ools is taught b ?ree times a week2 x c]ta9ly w\ld be suffici5t 9 ,engli% hi/ory 9 ^? ( our s*ools 9 :i* x is taught b twice a week2 & probably x w\ld be suffici5t 9 ,am]ican hi/ory & civics1 :i* is taught f\r times a week6 ,,*>les ,r4 ,,fay1 ,erasmus ,hall ,high ,s*ool1 ,bor\gh ( ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,editor ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e3 ,! libr>y or ! laboratory me?od ( tea*+ hi/ory & lit]ature has be5 g5]ally adopt$4 ,?is me?od has "s difficulties t ne$ to be ov]come or ! me?od w fail & consequ5tly be ab&on$4 ,i believe t ! me?od mu/ be a failure 9 _m s*ools4 ,dr4 ,mac,donald has writt5 a lett] to ! 8,nation10 ,octob] #g1 ab\t ! inadequate equipm5t = tea*+ hi/ory & lit]ature 9 univ]sities & colleges4 ,9 tea*+ sci5ce1 suitable app>atus mu/ be made = e f\r pupils4 ,9 tea*+ hi/ory & lit]ature 9 a high s*ool1 ref]5ce books ought to be provid$ e f\r pupils 9 ! same subject4 ,! difficulty 9 tea*+ hi/ory 9 ! high s*ool is great] ?an 9 tea*+ sci5ce1 z pupils pursu+ diff]5t subjects1 z anci5t hi/ory1 m$ieval hi/ory & mod]n hi/ory1 (t5 ne$ ! same ref]5ce books4 ,if pupils are requir$ to read f\r hundr$ pages1 m or less1 9 "s hi/ory o!r ?an ! s*ool text1 a pupil may av]age ab\t fifty pages a mon?4 ,b n m ?an t5 p] c5t4 ( ! numb] c get ! books requir$ = ?is read+4 ,i ?9k ! :ole sy/em is wrong4 ,no def9ite numb] ( pages %\ld be requir$4 ,in/ead ( ?is plan1 topics %\ld be assign$ to be gott5 up & writt5 9 note-books4 ,suppose ! topic %\ld be1 8,trace ! c\rse ( ! ,visigo?s f ,adrianople till !y bl5d ) ! ,spani% p02 or1 8,give a n>rative acc\nt ( ,napoleon's ,russian campaign1 accompani$ ) suitable maps40 ,! prep>ation ( ^! topics may require ! read+ ( two hundr$ or m pages4 ,ea* pupil1 dur+ ! ye>1 %\ld prep>e n less ?an f\r su* topics4 ,?is "w = all our pupils w fill tw5ty-five ?\s& pages ( note-book "w4 ,?is is too mu* read+ & correct+ = our tea*]s4 ,!re=e1 ! tea*]s ought n to und]take to read & correct ! note-books4 ,!y ought1 h[ev]1 to inspect !m4 ,ea* topic %\ld he head$ ) a summ>y1 & ) a /atem5t ( au?orities us$4 ,i ?9k t an oral n>ration ( ! writt5 "w %\ld be made by "s pupil or by m ?an "o pupil1 & a criticism or discussion by memb]s ( ! class %\ld be made4 ,i %all be glad to h ! views ( o!rs on ?is important subject4 ,i h conf9$ :at ,i h writt5 to tea*+ hi/ory4 ,! tea*+ ( lit]ature w require a diff]5t plan4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,p>ham4 ,libr>ian1 ,high ,s*ool1 ,little ,rock1 ,ark4 99 99 99 99 99 ,translations & ,repr9ts ,orig9al s\rce mat]ial = anci5t1 m$ieval & mod]n hi/ory 9 pamphlet or b\nd =m4 ,pamphlets co/ f #aj to #be c5ts4 ,,syllabuses ,h4 ,v4 ,,ames3 ,am]ican ,colonial ,hi/ory4 7,revis$ & enl>g$ edition1 #aijh7 #a4jj ,d4 ,c4 ,,munro & ,g4 ,,sell]y3 ,syllabus ( ,m$ieval ,hi/ory1 #cie to #aejj 7#aiji7 #a4jj ,9 two p>ts3 ,pt4 ,i1 by ,pr(4 ,munro1 ,syllabus ( ,m$ieval ,hi/ory1 #cie to #acjj4 ,pt4 ,,ii1 by ,pr(4 ,sell]y1 ,syllabus ( ,lat] ,m$ieval ,hi/ory1 #acjj to #aejj4 ,p>ts publi%$ sep>ately4 ,w4 ,e4 ,,l+elba*3 ,syllabus ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 #fj c5ts ,comb9$ ,s\rce ,book ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,m4 ,,:itcomb #a4ej ,/ate ,docum5ts on ,f$]al ,relations4 ,h4 ,v4 ,,ames #a4ge ,publi%$ by ,dep>tm5t ( ,hi/ory1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,philadelphia1 & by ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,new ,book on ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,by ,,pr(4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,caldwell ,( ! ,univ]sity ( ,nebraska ,= a numb] ( ye>s we h publi%$ ,pr(essor ,caldwell's books1 8,survey ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory10 8,great ,am]ican ,legislators0 & 8,am]ican ,t]ritorial ,developm5t10 :i* 7 orig9ally issu$ 9 ! =m ( leaflets consi/+ practically ( lectures deliv]$ by ! au?or4 ,9 ! mak+ ( ! new book we propose to make x z ne>ly p]fect z possible1 typographically & me*anically4 ,x has be5 decid$ to ins]t maps1 ! book be+ int5d$ = advanc$ "w 9 high s*ools & = /ud5ts tak+ a special c\rse 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory4 ,x is propos$ to divide ! book into f\r *apt]s z foll[s3 ,,*apt] ,i4--,! ,mak+ ( ,colonial ,am]ica1 #adib-agfc ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,! ,revolution & ,indep5d5ce1 #agfc-aghf ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,! ,mak+ ( a ,democratic ,nation1 #aghf-ahda ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,! ,slav]y & ,sectional ,/ruggle1 #ahda-ahgg ,! t5tative plan ( ! book z propos$ is giv5 above & includes ! mat]ial z n[ prep>$4 ,x is e/imat$ ! book w conta9 ab\t #fjj pages4 ,price1 #a4be ,,a9swor? ,,company ,,publi%]s #cgh-chh ,waba% ,ave41 ,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 8,nev] read ,hi/ory1 mu* less /udy x1 )\t a ,map be=e y40 --,,c>lyle ,= ! map ne$s 9 hi/ory & geography1 ( s*ools1 univ]sities1 libr>ies1 ,r& ,mc,nally ,company h e/abli%$ !mselves z headqu>t]s 9 ,am]ica4 ,) _! own high-class publications1 & ! exclusive ag5cy = ! ,kiep]t ,classical ,maps--! be/ ,g]man make1 & = ! ,/an=d ,maps--! be/ ,engli% make1 !y h unequal$ facilities = supply+ ! /ud5t public4 ,note ^! s]ies3 ,g5]al ,,! ,,r&-,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,maps ,! ,physical ,s]ies ( ,wall ,maps ,! ,bird's-,eye ,s]ies ( ,picture ,relief ,wall ,maps ,,! ,,syd[-,,hab5i*t ,,physical ,,wall ,,maps ,! ,_w 9 ,hemisph]es ,nor? ,am]ica ,s\? ,am]ica ,europe ,asia ,africa ,au/ralia & ,polynesia ,briti% ,isles1 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,italy1 ,russia1 ,sc&9avia1 ,balkan ,/ates1 ,spa91 ,au/ria-,hung>y1 ,hemisph]es ,,! ,,edw>d ,,/an=d ,,maps ,l>ge ,s]ies ( ,s*ool ,wall ,maps ,! ,new ,orographical ,s]ies ( ,wall ,maps ,libr>y ,maps ,hi/orical ,maps ,,kiep]t',s ,,classical ,,maps ,! ,anci5t ,_w ,! ,roman ,empire ,anci5t ,greece ,anci5t ,asia ,m9or ,anci5t ,gaul & ,g]many ,anci5t ,italy ,anci5t ,latium )9 ! ,environs ( ,rome ,empires ( ! ,p]sians & ( ,alex&] ! ,great ,,! ,,sprun]-,,brets*neid] ,,hi/orical ,,wall ,,maps ,europe #cej aft] ,*ri/ ,europe at ! ,beg9n+ ( ! ,,vi ,c5tury ,europe at ! ,"t ( ,*>lemagne ,europe ,dur+ ! ,second ,half ( ! ,x ,c5tury ,europe ,dur+ ! ,"t ( ! ,crusades ,europe ,dur+ ! ,"t ( ! ,,xiv ,c5tury ,europe ,dur+ ! ,"t ( ! ,re=mation ,europe ,dur+ ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> ,until #agjj ,europe ,dur+ ! ,,xviii ,c5tury f #agjj-aghi ,europe ,dur+ ,napoleon's ,"t1 f #aghi-ahae ,,! ,,fo/] ,,hi/orical ,,maps cov]+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,discov]ies ,t]ritorial1 ,adm9i/rative & ,political ,developm5t2 ,milit>y ,campaigns ,s5d = map circul>s = fur!r in=mation ,r& ,mc,nally ,co4 ,,*icago ,,new ,,york 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ea* article & relabel$ consecutively ?r\gh ! docum5t4 ,adv]tisem5ts h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ! article :]e !y appe> 9 ! orig9al text4 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication1 except t obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,! foll[+ *anges 7 made3 p4 #fa3 ,lycurcus *ang$ to ,lycurgus 7ma9ly ,lycurgus1 !7 p4 #fa3 ,peisi/ratus *ang$ to ,peisi/ratos 7( ,peisi/ratos 07