,transcriber's ,notes ,text printed in italics in the source document has been transcribed between underscores1 text in small capitals has been converted to ,,all ,,capitals4 ,,vacation ,,camping ,,for ,,girls ,,vacation ,,camping ,,for ,,girls ,by ,,jeannette ,,marks ,illustration ,,illustrated ,,new ,,york ,,and ,,london ,d4 ,,appleton ,,and ,,company #aiac ,,copyright1 #aiac1 ,,by ,d4 ,,appleton ,,and ,,company ,copyright1 #aiab1 by ,,david ,c4 ,,cook ,,publishing ,,company ,printed in the ,united ,states of ,america ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,i4 ,,camping ,,check ,,lists #a ,,ii4 ,,camp ,,clothes #ac ,,iii4 ,,food #bd ,,iv4 ,,cook ,,and ,,cookee #cg ,v4 ,,log-,,cabin ,,cookery #df ,,vi4 ,,the ,,place ,,to ,,camp #fh ,,vii4 ,,camp ,,fires #gg ,,viii4 ,,other ,,smoke #hg ,,ix4 ,,fitting ,,up ,,the ,,camp ,,for ,,use #id ,x4 ,,the ,,pocketbook #ajg ,,xi4 ,,the ,,camp ,,dog #aah ,,xii4 ,,the ,,outdoor ,,training ,,school #abg ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,camp ,,habit #aci ,,xiv4 ,,camp ,,cleanliness #adg ,,xv4 ,,wood ,,culture ,,and ,,camp ,,health #aeg ,,xvi4 ,,wilderness ,,silence #aga ,,xvii4 ,,home-,,made ,,camping #aha ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,canoe ,,and ,,fishing #aic ,,xix4 ,,the ,,trail #bji ,,xx4 ,,camp ,,don',,ts #bba ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,,page ,camp ,footgear #ae ,a ,group of ,camp ,utensils #cc ,nessmuk ,range and ,small ,cook ,fire #gi ,sleeping ,bags and ,camp ,cot #ii ,a ,group of ,tents #aji ,bough ,lean-to and ,frame #aac ,some ,game and ,water ,birds #aca ,birds ,every ,camper ,should ,know #ace ,leaves of ,familiar ,trees #acg ,some ,common ,fish #aii ,fishing ,tackle #bja ,rod ,case1 ,tackle ,case1 ,net and ,creel #bje ,angling ,knots #bjg ,the ,dipper #bac ,moose1 ,buck1 ,doe1 ,fawn and ,caribou #bae ,animals the ,camper ,may ,meet #bag ,,vacation ,,camping ,,for ,,girls ,,chapter ,i ,,camping ,,check ,,lists ,there are some considerations in camping which are staple2 that is1 questions and needs all of us have to meet1 just as there are staple foods which all of us must have4 ,no one knows better than the old camper1 who has shaken down his ideas1 theories1 practices1 year after year in the experiment of camping how true this is4 ,if one is wise1 one goes well prepared even into the simple life of the woods or mountains or lakes2 and it is in a practical way1 and under three so-called check lists1 7#a7 camp clothes1 7#b7 camp food1 and 7#c7 camp equipment1 that ,i wish to tell you something about camp life for girls4 ,from the point of view of clothes there are two kinds of camping3 one more or less civilized1 the other 8rough40 ,in the first perhaps we shall be allowed a small box or trunk4 ,in the second we have to depend entirely upon a duffle bag or a knapsack4 ,to the camper who plans for a good many comforts1 there is only one warning to be given3 don't be foolish and take finery of any sort with you4 ,not only will it be in the way1 but also a girl does not look well in the woods dressed in clothes that belong to the home life of town or city4 ,there is an appropriate garb for the wilderness even as there is the right gown for an afternoon tea4 ,except for this warning1 what you will put in your trunk will be simply an extension of the comforts which you have in duffle bag or knapsack4 ,as the capacity of duffle bag or knapsack is very limited1 the check lists for its contents must be made out with rigid economy4 ,the most important item is foot gear4 ,a well-made pair of medium weight boots1 carefully tanned1 drenched with mutton tallow1 viscol1 neat's-foot oil1 or some similar waterproof substance1 will prove the best for all-round usefulness4 ,these boots must be broken in or worn before the camping expedition is undertaken4 ,nothing is so foolish as to start out in a new pair4 ,have in addition to the boots a pair of soft indoor moccasins4 ,these are good to loaf around camp in4 ,they are grateful to tired feet1 and1 rolled1 take up but little space in the knapsack4 ,to the boots and moccasins add from two to four pairs of hole-proof stockings of some reliable make4 ,if you can get a really first-class stocking and are crowded for space1 two pairs will do4 ,one goes on to your feet and the other into your knapsack4 ,there should also be several combination suits1 preferably of two weights1 high necked1 and with shoulder and knee caps4 ,now1 see that the skirt you wear is of durable material2 blue serge or tweed 7corduroy is often too heavy72 that it has been thoroughly shrunk1 and is six inches off the ground anyway4 ,twelve would be better4 ,your skirt should be provided with ample pockets2 the sweater and jacket also4 ,under the skirt wear a pair of bloomers1 the lighter and slimsier they are1 the better2 and the stouter the material1 the more practical for wear4 ,i have tried many kinds1 and believe percaline which is light1 strong1 slimsy and washable1 the best4 ,silk is not suitable at all4 ,a flannel shirt waist or blouse1 a windsor or string tie1 a soft felt hat with a sufficiently wide brim1 but not too wide1 complete your costume4 ,into the knapsack put two coarse handkerchiefs1 a silk neckerchief to tie around your neck1 the stockings and combination suit already mentioned1 a string of safety pins clipped one into another1 a toothbrush1 tubes of cold cream and tooth paste 7tubes take up the least room and are the easiest to carry71 a cotton shirtwaist1 a nail file1 comb1 small bottle of the best cascara sagrada tablets1 a pair of cotton gloves for rough work1 a cake of castile soap1 a towel1 a stiff nail brush1 and1 if you are wise1 a book for leisure hours1 preferably an anthology of poems or a collection of essays which will afford food for reflection4 ,in your preparations let it be the rule to strip away every unnecessary article4 ,take pride in getting your kit down to the absolute minimum4 ,keep weeding out what you don't need1 and then after that1 weed out again4 ,the same principle of rigid economy in selection will obtain in the check list for food4 ,it is the minimum of expense in the woods that will bring the maximum of comfort4 ,in arranging for the 8duffle0 to be taken with you there is one thing that can be counted upon with mathematical certainty3 hunger4 ,you are going to be hungrier than you have been in a long time4 ,the problem is1 then1 how to tote enough food and get enough food to supply your wants4 ,the carriage1 the keeping1 the nutritive value1 all these things have to be taken into consideration in wood life4 ,at home we have fresh vegetables1 fresh fruits1 fresh meats in abundance4 ,how can we supply these things for our camp table8 ,we can't6 ,but desiccated potatoes1 dried apples1 apricots1 prunes1 peaches1 white and yellow-eye beans1 dried lima beans1 peas1 whole or split1 onions1 rice1 raisins1 nuts1 white and graham flour1 corn meal1 pilot biscuit1 rolled oats1 cream of wheat1 cocoa 7leave coffee and tea at home71 sweet chocolate1 syrup for flapjacks1 baking soda1 sugar1 salt1 a few candles 7helpful for lighting a fire in wet weather1 as well as good for illumination71 matches1 molasses1 a little olive oil--all these things1 with careful planning1 we may have in abundance4 ,to these items you should add good butter--the best salted butter is none too good--some cans of condensed milk and evaporated milk and cream1 and a flitch of bacon4 ,meat makes a dirty camp1 and a dirty camp means skunks and hedgehogs prowling around4 ,in a properly thought-out dietary it will be entirely unnecessary to tote meat4 ,all that is needed for use you can get at the end of your fish rod or through the barrel of your shotgun1 and upon the freshness of what you catch or shoot you can depend4 ,dr4 ,breck1 in his 8,way of the ,woods10 says that if he were obliged to choose between bacon and dried apples and chocolate1 he would always take the apples and chocolate4 ,both portage and health will be served by avoiding the carriage of a lot of tin cans4 ,the ration of each article needed you can work out with your mother or housekeeper1 according to the number of people to be in the party1 the menus you plan1 and the length of your stay4 ,for a cooler for your food1 you will find a wire bait box1 sunk in clean running water1 excellent4 ,the question of grub1 or duffle1 as it is called in camp life1 in proper variety1 abundance and freshness1 is the most difficult question of all4 ,to this problem a seasoned camper will give his closest attention4 ,there are other articles1 plus the food stuffs1 which we must add to our check lists--chiefly articles of equipment4 ,two or three pails nesting into each other1 a tin reflector baker for outdoor cooking1 enamel-ware plates1 cups and bowls1 pans1 dishpans1 dishmop1 chain pot-cleaner1 double boiler1 broiler1 knives1 forks1 spoons1 pepper and salt shakers1 flour sifter1 rotary can opener1 long-handled and short-handled fry pans1 a carving knife and a fish knife4 ,the cost of these things carefully bought1 will be about six dollars4 ,there should also be in your kit some nails and a hatchet1 toilet paper1 woolen blankets1 mosquito netting 7tarlatan is better71 twine1 tacks1 oilcloth for camp table1 and some fly dope4 ,with these articles1 plus a little knowledge of woodcraft1 there is almost no wilderness into which a capable girl cannot go and make an attractive home4 ,but a little woodcraft we must know2 the rest we can learn as we go4 ,there is one fuel in the woods which skillfully used will kindle any fire1 even a wet fire1 and that is birch bark4 ,you can always get an inner layer of dry birch bark from a tree4 ,keep a check list of different kinds of wood and have it handy until you learn these woods for yourself4 ,brush tops or slashings will help to start a quick blaze4 ,hickory is fine for a quiet hot fire4 ,the green woods which burn readily are white and black birch1 ash1 oak and hard maple4 ,look for pitch1 which you are most likely to find in old trees1 and that will always help out and start any fire4 ,woods that snap1 such as hemlock1 spruce1 cedar and larch1 are not to be recommended for camp fires1 as a rule4 ,to be careless or stupid about the camp fire may be to endanger the lives not only of thousands of wild creatures in the wilderness1 but also the lives of human beings4 ,be careful to have pure water to drink4 ,you cannot be too careful4 ,if you are in doubt about the water1 don't drink it1 or at least not until it has been thoroughly boiled4 ,take with you1 besides those ,i give1 a few useful recipes for cooking experiments4 ,they will bring pleasure and variety on dull days4 ,choose a good place for your cabin or shack or tent1 whichever you use1 especially a place where the natural drainage is good4 ,know before you set out whether black flies1 mosquitoes and midges have to be encountered and go prepared to meet them4 ,they are sure to meet you more than halfway4 ,don't take any risks on land or water4 ,the people who know the way of the woods best are those who are least foolhardy4 ,common sense is the law that reigns in the wilderness1 and1 in having our good time1 we cannot do better than to follow that law4 ,so much for skeleton check lists1 many of which1 in the chapters to come1 at the cost of repetition1 ,i shall amplify4 ,among the questions which ,i shall take up are the all-important ones of camp clothes1 camp food1 cooking1 the place1 camp fires1 furnishing the camp1 the pocketbook1 the camp dog1 the outdoor training school1 the camp habit1 wood culture1 camp health1 camp friendship1 homemade camping1 the canoe1 fishing1 and the trail4 ,this great1 big1 beautiful country of ours is full of girls1 real ,,camp ,,fire ,,girls1 who love the keen air of out of doors and the smell of wood smoke and the freedom of hill and lake and plain1 and to them ,i want my little book to come home and to be a camp manual which will go with them on all journeys into the wilderness4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,camp ,,clothes ,if you have been camping once1 there is no need for any one to help you decide what wearing apparel to take the next time4 ,through the mistakes made and the discomforts involved1 the girl will have learned her lesson too well to forget it4 ,but there is always the girl who has not been camping4 ,it is chiefly for her benefit that ,i am writing these chapters on camp life for girls4 ,in the first place1 there are two kinds of camp clothes to be considered1 for there are two kinds of camping3 7#a7 the expedition which permits taking a box or trunk with you1 and 7#b7 the rougher camping that allows only the carrying of a duffle bag or a knapsack4 ,if you are limited to a knapsack or a duffle bag1 your kit must be of the most concentrated sort and chosen with the greatest care4 ,you will find ten or fifteen pounds the most you wish to tote long distances1 although at the beginning this size of pack may seem like nothing at all to you4 ,as ,i have found personally1 even seven pounds1 with day after day of tramping1 may make an unaccustomed shoulder ache under the strap4 ,illustration3 ,,moccasin ,,boot ,illustration3 ,,tobique ,,moccasin ,illustration3 ,,huron ,,indian ,,moccasins ,illustration3 ,,moccasin ,,shoe ,illustration3 ,,meccomoc ,,oxford ,illustration3 ,,elkskin ,,moccasin ,if you are to be limited to a small duffle bag1 or a fairly capacious knapsack1 what are the articles of clothing without which no girl can start8 ,let us take up the most important item first1 and that is foot-gear4 ,wear a well-made pair of medium weight boots1 thoroughly tanned1 soaked with viscol1 or rubbed with mutton tallow both on the inside and the outside1 to make them waterproof4 ,never start out with a new pair of boots on your feet4 ,if necessary1 get your boots weeks beforehand1 and wear them from time to time till they are thoroughly comfortable4 ,in addition to these boots which you wear1 take a soft pair of indoor moccasins4 ,these can be worn when you are tired and loafing around camp1 or while the guide is drying or greasing your boots4 ,if you have ever worn moccasins and are going to tramp in a moccasin country1 that is1 a country of forest trails and ponds1 then buy a pair of heavy outdoor moccasins2 larrigans or ankle-moccasins are best4 ,these should not be too snug4 ,worn over a heavy cotton stocking1 or a light woolen one1 or woolen stockings drawn over cotton1 the moccasin is the most ideal foot-gear the wilderness world can ever know4#a ,neat's-foot oil is also excellent for greasing moccasins4 ,buy from two to four pairs of hole-proof stockings of some reliable make4 ,if these stockings are first class and can be depended upon1 two pairs will do4 ,one pair you will wear1 the other goes into your knapsack4 ,have also several combination suits1 some for your bag and one for your back4 ,these suits should be high-necked and with shoulder and knee caps2 of sufficient warmth for cold days and nights2 in any case porous and of two weights4 #a ,if you have room take with you an extra pair of shoes4 ,when you have become a real woodswoman you will never be without woolen socks and moccasins4 ,the thick1 soft sole of sock and moccasin spare tender feet which are not accustomed to hard tramping and rough paths4 ,if you are going to tramp in a skirt1 as you must if your route touches upon civilization1 see that it is short4 ,six inches off the ground is none too much1 and twelve is a good deal better4 ,in an outing of this sort it is as poor form to wear a long skirt as it would be to wear a short skirt at an afternoon tea in civilization4 ,the skirt should be of some good quality khaki1 army preferably1 or a tweed2 it should be thoroughly shrunk1 and if it seems desirable1 it should be possible to put this camp skirt in water and wash it4#b ,have ample pockets on either side of the front seams4 ,if ,i had to choose between the best of sweaters and a jacket with a lot of pockets in it1 ,i should always choose the latter1 and that is not on account of the pockets alone1 but because it is a more convenient article of clothing4 ,in case of cold weather it affords better protection1 also better protection against rain as well as cold4 ,you can have it made with two outside pockets and several inside--the more the merrier4 ,underneath the skirt wear a pair of bloomers4 ,the lighter and stouter these are1 the more of a comfort they will be4 ,i have found a good quality of percaline to be the best investment4 ,percaline is light1 strong1 slimsy after a little wearing1 and washes well4 ,i have never yet found a silk that was practicable in the woods4 ,silk bloomers go well with the comforts of civilization1 but they are not fit to endure the test of roughing it4 ,a flannel shirtwaist or blouse1 a ,windsor or string tie1 a soft felt hat--you may have it as pretty as you wish1 provided it is not too large or over trimmed--complete the outfit which you carry on you1 so to speak4 #b ,you can buy an ideal hunting suit at any of the big shops in ,boston1 ,new ,york or ,chicago for from #h to #aj4 ,now to return to the outfit you carry in your pack and not on your back4 ,a pair of indoor moccasins1 an extra pair of hole-proof stockings 7these you must have1 not only on account of a possible wetting1 but also because the stockings must be changed every day1 for you cannot take too good care of your feet71 two coarse handkerchiefs of ample size1 a silk neckerchief to tie around your neck1 an extra combination suit1 a few safety pins clipped one into another until you have made a string of them1 a tooth brush1 a little tube of cold cream and a tube of tooth paste 7the tubes are not breakable and take up the least room1 they are therefore the best to carry71 a cotton or linen shirtwaist of some kind1 a nail file1 a comb1 a small vial of cascara sagrada tablets1 several rolls of film for your camera--the camera itself can be slung on a strap from the knapsack--a pair of garden gloves for rough work with sooty pots and kettles1 a good-sized cake of the best castile soap1 a towel1 a good stiff nail brush1 and one or two books4 ,personally ,i feel that the books are as indispensable as anything in the knapsack1 for in moments of weariness1 or when storm-bound1 they prove the greatest comfort and resource4 ,the volume taken must not be a novel which read through once one does not care to read again4 ,better to take some book over which you can or must linger4 ,i have tramped scores of miles with the 8,oxford ,book of ,english ,verse0 in my knapsack1 and it has proved the greatest imaginable pleasure and solace4 ,a small anthology or a book of essays1 or something that you wish to study1 as1 for example1 guides about the birds or the trees or the flowers1 are good sorts of volumes to tote with you--besides1 of course1 this camping manual4 ,your kit for the rougher kind of camping1 provided you have guides or men folks who will carry the food1 or 8grub10 as it is called in camp parlance1 and the blankets1 is now complete4 ,but for the one girl who goes on this rougher sort of camping expedition1 twenty go into the woods to be happy in a quite civilized log cabin or shanty4 ,these girls will be taking a camp box with them1 or a trunk1 and can add to their wardrobe4 ,there is no excuse1 however1 for adding the wrong sort of thing4 ,there is no excuse for wearing unsuitable1 unattractive old rags about camp1 clothes which have served their civilized purpose and have no fitness for the wilderness life4 ,let me give you one other word1 from an old timer at camping1 about what you should wear4 ,don't be foolish and put in any finery4 ,the finery is as out of place in camp as your camp boots would be at a garden party at home4 ,but several middy blouses1 more shoes1 more stockings1 another skirt1 a number of towels1 a few more books--all will prove just that much added food for pleasure2 first1 last1 and always1 be comfortable in camp4 ,there is no reason for being uncomfortable unless you enjoy discomfort4 ,anything1 however1 over and above what you actually need will be only a hindrance4 ,those who go camping1 if they go in the right spirit1 are looking for the simple life2 they want to get rid of paraphernalia1 not to add to it4 ,to learn the happy art of living close to nature1 means stripping away unnecessary things4 ,there is no place in camp life for fussiness or display of any sort4 ,all that is beyond the daily need is so much litter and clutter1 making of camp life something that is a burden1 something that is untidy1 uncomfortable1 confused4 ,of no thing is this more true than of a girl's camp clothes4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,food ,there are several reasons why the camp food is almost more important than any other consideration4 ,to begin with1 most girls are leading a more active life than they are accustomed to living at home4 ,this makes them hungry1 and1 add to the exercise the natural tonic of invigorating air1 the camper becomes fairly ravenous at meal time4 ,there are other reasons1 too1 why food is an all-important question4 ,if one is in the real wilderness1 it will be difficult to get4 ,one is obliged1 therefore1 to consider carefully beforehand the kinds of food necessary for a well-provided table and a well-balanced diet4 ,another reason for taking thought about this whole subject is the portage4 ,all the foods must be toted in1 and not all kinds will prove suitable or economical in the long run for this sort of portage4 ,finally1 there is the question of the ways and means for keeping the food1 after it is once safely in camp1 in good condition4 ,as a rule1 when we go on our expeditions we leave regions where it is easy to get a great variety of foods4 ,the city or its suburb or a comfortable country town1 is the place we call home4 ,our tables are filled the year long with fresh vegetables1 fresh fruits1 fresh meats1 and all kinds of bread4 ,this dietary in all its variety1 to which we have been accustomed at home1 is quite impossible of realization in the camp4 ,we might just as well make up our minds to that at once4 ,yet accustomed to vegetables and fruits as we are1 we need them both in wholesome quantities4 ,how shall we get them8 ,potatoes of course1 if the camping expedition is for any length of time1 that is ten days or more1 must be lugged4 ,and lugging potatoes is heavy work over a trail4 ,as for the other vegetables and fruits1 and even meats1 most people buy large quantities of tinned articles and so get rid of the whole question4 ,personally ,i think that this is a great mistake4 ,it was a delight to me to find in ,doctor ,breck's 8,way of the ,woods0 that he1 if obliged to choose between bacon and dried apples and chocolate1 would always choose the chocolate and dried apples4 ,and when the question of portage as well as health enters in1 it may be said right here that it is quite impossible to carry a pack full of tins4 ,but aside from the comfort of the guides1 a tin-can camp is not likely to be a wholesome one4 ,i am convinced that tin-can camping is responsible for whatever ills people experience when they go into the woods4 ,it is quite simple to get different kinds of dried vegetables and different kinds of dried fruits--and the best are none too good--in bulk4 ,at present there are even evaporated potatoes on the market for campers4 ,such dried foods pack and carry best and are most wholesome4 ,both white and yellow eye beans1 dried lima beans1 peas1 whole and split1 onions1 evaporated apples1 dried prunes1 dried peaches and apricots1 rice1 raisins1 nuts of all kinds1 lemons1 oranges1 and even bananas1 if they are sufficiently green1 can be quite easily taken into camp4 ,various sorts of flour and meal1 too1 will be needed4 ,find out how much it takes to bake the bread at home and add that to the length of your stay plus the number of the campers and plus a little more than you actually need1 and you will be able to work out the flour problem for yourselves4 ,there should be then white and graham flour1 or entire wheat1 corn meal1 pilot bread 7memories of toasted pilot bread in camp can make one smile from recollected joy71 some rolled oats1 cereals like cream of wheat which carries well1 cooks easily1 and is hearty1 and various sorts of crackers4 ,now the writer does not think meat necessary in camp4 ,except for the fish caught and the birds shot1 none need be eaten4 ,all the meat element or proteid necessary is provided for in the beans1 peas1 and nuts4 ,but it is well to take a flitch of bacon or a few jars of it to use in broiling or frying the fish or game4 ,pork and lard are entirely uncalled-for in a properly thought out dietary4#c ,sufficient good fresh butter is very much needed4 ,if campers feel that they must have other tinned meats1 the best kinds to take are the most expensive1 ox tongue1 and that sort of thing4 ,several months ago four of us started off on a ten days' camping expedition into a very northern wilderness unknown to us4 ,one of the party1 needlessly ambitious1 took a preserved chicken in a glass jar bought from the finest provision house in ,boston4 ,by the time we reached our destination1 the chicken was anything but preserved4 ,indeed1 unless all signs failed1 it had already embarked upon a new incarnation4 ,no arm in the party was long enough to carry it out and set it on a distant rock for the skunks to visit4 ,nor shall ,i soon forget a certain meat ragout which we concocted in a ,canadian wilderness4 ,we had the ragout1 but alas1 we had a good deal else1 too1 including a doctor who had to cover half a county to reach us6 ,aside from the fact that people who live in cities and towns eat altogether too much meat1 in camp there is not only the question of its uselessness1 but also the fact that there are no ways to care for it properly4 ,meat makes a dirty camp4#d #c ,a brother camper says that he thinks even the fish would feel neglected without pork4 ,on the contrary1 trout are very sensitive to good bacon--in short1 prefer it to salt pork4 ,if you do not believe this true fish story1 then catch two dozen half pound trout1 slice your bacon thin and draw off the bacon fat4 ,take out the bacon1 put the fat back into the frying pan--don't burn yourself--and pop in one-half dozen trout4 ,after the first mouthful you will find that my contention that trout are most sensitive to bacon entirely true4 ,be sure to put a little piece of bacon on that first bite4 ,following that1 all you have to do is to keep on biting until your share of the two dozen trout is consumed4 ,remarkable how those two dozen will fly--almost as if the little fellows had turned into birds6 ,the reason ,i am opposed to pork and lard camping is that we all know nowadays how diseased such meat may be4 ,to go into the woods for health and run any avoidable risks is folly4 ,get a flitch of the best bacon and the best bacon is ,ferris bacon4 ,from this you will get enough fat for all frying purposes2 also1 in case you use fat as a substitute for butter1 there will be enough bacon fat for cakes1 etc4 #d ,i cannot emphasize too often the absolute importance of keeping a clean camp4 ,mr4 ,rutger ,jewett1 to whom this camping manual and its author are indebted for many wise suggestions1 thinks that it is not always feasible to burn up everything4 8,every camp10 he writes1 8has some empty tin cans4 ,it seems to me that the best plan in this case is to have a small trench dug1 far enough from the camp to avoid all disagreeable results and yet not so far away that it is inaccessible4 ,here cans and unburnable refuse from the kitchen can be thrown and kept covered with earth or sand to avoid flies and odors4 ,everything that can be burned1 should be40 ,the only difficulty in my mind is1 in case the region is hedgehog-infested1 that those charming creatures will form their usual 8bread-line0--this time to the trench--and add digging to their accomplishments in gnawing4 ,however6 ,better rinse out your tin cans2 ,sis ,hedgehog is less likely to mistake the can for the original delicacy4 ,all food refuse should be burned up1 anyway1 never thrown out into the brush1 and it is difficult to burn meat bones4 ,the girl or woman who keeps a dirty camp is beneath contempt4 ,there is likely to be one neighbor1 if not more1 in the vicinity of every camp1 who will make things uncomfortable for the campers4 ,he should be called the camp pig1 and he is the hedgehog4 ,also his cousin1 the skunk1 will hang around to see what is carelessly thrown out or left for him to eat4 ,the hedgehog is the greediest1 most unwelcome fellow in the woods1 and even the fact that the poet ,robert ,browning had one as a pet will not redeem him in the eyes of the practical camper4 ,he hangs around any camp that is not kept clean1 gnaws axe handles which the salty human hand has touched1 licks out tin cans which have not been rinsed as they should be before they are thrown away--in short1 he follows up every bit of camp slackness4 ,there is only one way to keep off hedgehogs and that is to have an absolutely tidy camp4 ,in addition to the food stuffs already mentioned1 there are several others which should be taken in the necessary quantities4 ,salt and pepper--better leave tea and coffee at home and take cocoa--soda1 sugar1 a few candles 7helpful in lighting a fire in wet weather1 as well as for illumination71 matches1 in a rubber box if possible1 kerosene if your camp outfit will permit such a luxury1 olive oil1 maple syrup for flapjacks1 molasses1 condensed and evaporated milk or milk powder4 ,illustration3 ,,reflector ,,baker4 ,illustration3 ,,hold-,,all4 ,illustration3 ,,patented ,,fry ,,pan4 ,illustration3 ,,hunting ,,knife4 ,illustration3 ,,birch ,,bark ,,cup4 ,the articles which need to be cooled can be kept fresh in a nearby brook4 ,dead fish1 however1 should never be allowed to lie in water1 but should be wrapped up in ferns or large leaves4 ,if you are camping for any length of time1 by making a little runway out of a trough you can have freshly flowing water1 cooling butter and other food stuffs1 all the time4 ,or a receptacle constructed something like a wire bait box will prove as good as the flowing water4 ,this sunk into a cool pond or lake1 makes an admirable ice chest1 into which the finny creatures cannot get4 ,in some rotation which you have decided upon1 the care of the food should receive the especial attention from one girl every day4 ,in this way hedgehogs1 skunks1 mice1 rats1 ants1 will all be kept at a distance4 ,there are in addition to these various food stuffs and their care1 as ,i said in the first chapter1 many articles necessary for camp life about which we must think4 ,if you are going off for a few days with a guide1 he will attend to these things for you4 ,but if you are setting up a camp for yourself1 you will need to have them in mind4 ,they are1 two or three tin pails of convenient sizes nesting or fitting into one another so that they can be easily carried1 a tin reflector baker for outdoor cooking1 a coffee pot if you are foolish enough to take coffee1 enameled ware plates and cups1 basins1 pans1 dishpans1 a dishmop1 a chain pot-cleaner1 a double boiler1 a broiler1 knives and forks1 spoons big and little1 pepper and salt shakers1 flour sifter1 a rotary can opener1 a frypan1 long-handled and short-handled1 a carving knife and a fish knife if you intend to do a great deal of fishing4 ,there are many kinds of cooking kits4 ,there is a good one for four persons which may be obtained at about six dollars from any large hardware dealer4 ,add to these things which have been mentioned fish hooks1 a lantern1 lantern wicks1 nails of different sizes1 a hammer--don't forget the hammer6--toilet paper1 woolen blankets1 mosquito netting 7if it is a mosquito-infested district71 fly dope to rub on hands and face1 oilcloth for camp table1 some twine and some tacks4 ,equipped with these articles and what you carry in your knapsacks and what you wear1 there is almost no wilderness in which a girl cannot have a good time1 improve her health1 and be the wiser for having entered the wilderness4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,cook ,,and ,,cookee ,any of you who have ever seen a lumber camp will remember something of how it is constructed4 ,separate from the main building is the superintendent's office1 a little cabin built usually of tar paper and light timber2 then there is the hovel1 as it is called1 in which the horses and cows are stabled1 and finally there is the big main building where the crew sleep and eat4 ,but separated from the men's dormitory by a passageway that leads into the outdoors1 is the big room used as kitchen and dining room4 ,just beyond this and opening into the kitchen1 is the room in which the cook and his assistant sleep4 ,in these two rooms in the wilderness1 cook and cookee reign supreme4 ,they are the most important persons in the camp4 ,they are the best paid4 ,their word is law4 ,they have a room by themselves1 partly for cleanliness' sake1 and also because the success of the whole camp depends more or less upon them4 ,but it is not alone the lumber cook and cookee who make or mar the success of camp life4 ,it is also the cook in the hotel camp1 and even more1 the cook in the hundreds of thousands of home camps which make glad our holiday season4 ,the king pin of life1 physically--and ,i might say morally1 too1 for wherever the health is excellent the morals are likely to be so--is good1 pure1 abundant food1 properly cooked4 ,nowhere is the art of cooking put so to the test as in camp4 ,you have less to do with2 you have bigger appetites to do for and more need physically for the food you eat4 ,there is one article which1 if you are planning to do more cooking out of doors than can be done in a pot of water over a fire and a frying pan1 you must have1 and that is a tin reflector baker4 ,one year ,i was caught in the steadiest downpour which ,i have ever known while camping4 ,we were on the ,west ,branch of the ,penobscot1 in an isolated region at the foot of ,mount ,katahdin1 the highest mountain in the state of ,maine4 ,we had nothing to sleep under except a tent fly1 and the rain drove in night and day1 keeping us thoroughly wet4 ,our ,indian guides managed to make the fire go in front of the leaky tar paper shack which we used as a kitchen4 ,there was nothing we could do profitably but cook1 so ,i amused myself cooking4 ,i managed to bake1 in the rain1 before an open fire1 within that little tin reflector baker1 some tarts which were very successful4 ,many other articles1 too1 were cooked and came out thoroughly edible4 ,that was indeed a test of the little tin baker which ,i shall never forget4 ,there is one sort of kindling fuel unfailingly useful in the woods4 ,even the rain cannot dampen its blaze4 ,the fuel to which ,i refer is birch-bark4 ,it will light when nothing else will light1 ,i suppose because of the large amount of oil in it4 ,even when you take it wet from the ground1 instead of stripping it from a tree--and you can always get an inner layer of dry birch-bark from a tree--it will burn and kindle a good fire4 ,a box of matches is a natural possession for a boy1 but ,i am not so sure that this is true with a girl4 ,every camper should have a hard rubber box of matches in his possession1 should know where it is--always in an inside pocket if possible--and should take good care of it4 ,but to go back to that wet day and the shining little tin baker on the ,west ,branch at the foot of ,katahdin4 ,there are some woods which are good for rapid1 quiet burning and some that are poor1 as every experienced woodsman will tell you4 ,you must keep1 until you know it by heart1 a check list of different kinds of wood1 just as you must keep a food check list and other check lists4 ,if it is a big camp fire1 which for jollity's sake or the sake of warmth you wish to start1 and do not care to keep going for a long time1 almost any sort of wood will serve4 ,brush tops or slashings will do quite well to start such a blaze4 ,hickory is the best wood for use when you want a deep1 quiet hot fire for cooking4 ,there is scarcely any better wood for the camp cook to use than apple1 but that most campers are not likely to be able to get4 ,the green woods which burn most readily and are best to start a quick fire with are birch1 white and black1 hard maple1 ash1 oak1 and hickory4 ,the older the tree the more pitch there will be in it1 and the pitch is an effective and noisy kindler of fires4 ,hemlock1 spruce1 cedar1 and the larch1 all snap badly4 ,i have been obliged to use a good deal of cedar in an open ,franklin in my camp study this last summer4 ,it has never been safe to leave one of these cedar fires without shutting the doors of the ,franklin stove4 ,i have known the burning cedar to hurl sparks the entire length of the cabin4 ,as the chinking is excelsior1 you can imagine what one of those cedar sparks would do if it snapped onto a bit of the excelsior4 ,cabins not chinked with excelsior are usually chinked with moss1 which is almost as inflammable4 ,with woods that snap1 the camper can never be too careful1 and no fire made of snappy wood should ever be built near a cabin or a tent4 ,one spark1 and it might be too late to check the quickly spreading fire4 ,there is another thing about which the camp cook and all girls camping need to be very careful1 and that is the drinking water4 ,one cannot be too exacting in this matter1 too scrupulous1 too clean4 ,provided there is spring or lake water about whose purity there can be no doubt1 the question is settled4 ,in this connection it may be said of drinking3 when in doubt1 don't4 ,a quarter of a mile1 a half a mile1 a mile1 is none too far to go to get the right sort of water4 ,this can be done in squads1 one set of girls going one day and another the next4 ,this water must be used for the cooking1 too4 ,if there is any doubt about the water supply1 it should be filtered or boiled or both4 ,go into camp ready to make pure water one of your chief considerations1 and never1 under any circumstances1 drink water or eat anything1 even fish1 which may have been contaminated by sewage4 ,how vigilant one has to be about this an experience of my own1 some months ago1 will show you4 ,the pond to which we were going was indeed in the wilderness1 inaccessible except by canoe4 ,i had walked one long 8carry10 paddled across a good-sized pond--two miles wide1 ,i think--and had been poling up some quick-water4 ,the 8rips0 were low1 and scratching would better describe the efforts to which we were put than poling does4 ,my hands became so dry from the incessant work with the pole that ,i had to wet them to get any purchase on it at all4 ,a greased pig could not have been harder to hold than that pole4 ,when finally we reached the little mountain-surrounded pond for which we were making up the quickwater1 ,i was hot1 breathless1 exhausted4 ,i could think of only one thing1 and that was a drink of water4 ,there were a few camps about the lake1 but it did not enter my mind that they would empty their sewage into it and take their fish and their water out of it4 ,yet after ,i had drunk1 the first thing ,i noticed1 in passing one camp1 was that they unmistakably did empty their sewage into the pond4 ,no evidence was lacking that it all went into the water not far from where ,i had taken a drink4 ,it is not a pleasant subject1 but it is one about which it is necessary to speak4 ,it is well to take in your kit some place1 unless you are an accomplished cook and have it all in your head1 a small1 good cook book4 ,the first thing which you should recollect about the rougher sort of camping is that you will have no fresh eggs or milk with which to do your cooking4 ,you should have recipes for making your biscuits1 johnnycake1 bread1 corn-pone1 cakes1 flapjacks1 cookies1 potato soup1 bean soup1 pea soup1 chowder1 rice pudding1 and for cooking game and fish4 ,in that veteran book for campers1 8,the ,way of the ,woods10 some good recipes for the necessary dishes are given4 ,whatever dishes you plan to make in the wilderness should be simple and few4 ,anything beyond the simplest dietary is not in the spirit of camp life1 and will only detract from rather than add to the general pleasure4 ,those recipes which seem to me absolutely necessary ,i will give to you in the next chapter4 ,,chapter ,v ,,log-,,cabin ,,cookery ,did you ever get to a camp fire or log-cabin stove at eleven o'clock and know that there must be a hearty meal by twelve8 ,i have lots of times4 ,the only way to do1 if one must meet these emergencies on short notice1 is to have what ,i call 8stock0 on hand4 ,in using this word ,i do not mean soup stock1 either4 ,what ,i mean is that there must be some vegetables or cereals or other articles of food at least partially prepared for eating4 ,i remember one summer when ,i was very busy with my writing4 ,i was chief cook and bottle washer1 besides being my own secretary1 and ,i had three members in my family to look out for--a friend with a hearty appetite1 a big dog with a no less hearty appetite and a rather greedy little ,maine cat4 ,the question was how to carry on the work which was properly my own and at the same time attend to cooking and other household work4 ,i hit upon a plan which served excellently with me4 ,i do not recommend it to any one else1 especially to girls who will be going into the woods for a vacation and will have no duties except those connected with their camp life4 ,but this plan of mine demonstrated to me once and for all that1 even if one is very busy1 it is possible to have a bountifully supplied table4 ,the first day ,i tried the experiment ,i went into the kitchen at eleven o'clock4 ,never had ,i been more tired of the everlasting question of what to have to eat4 ,it seemed to me that there was never any other question except that one1 and ,i determined1 with considerable savage feeling1 to escape from it4 ,at eleven o'clock ,i chopped my own kindling1 started my own fire1 and began twirling the saucepans1 frying pans and baking tins which ,i wanted to use4 ,i was set upon cooking up enough food to last for three or four days1 and ,i did4 ,at two o'clock not only was all the food cooked and set away for future consumption1 but also we had eaten our dinner4 ,in that time what had ,i prepared8 ,there was a big double boiler full of corn meal4 ,after this had been thoroughly boiled in five times its bulk of water and a large tablespoonful of salt1 ,i poured it out into baking tins and set it away to cool4 ,various things can be done with this stock2 among others1 once cool1 it slices beautifully1 and is delicious fried in butter or in bacon fat1 and satisfying to the hungriest camper4 ,also a large panful of rice had been cooked4 ,this had been set aside to be used in croquettes1 in rice puddings and to be served plain with milk at supper time4 ,so much for the rice and the corn meal4 ,i had broken up in two-inch pieces a large panful of macaroni4 ,this was boiled in salt water1 part of it cooled and set away for further use1 some of it mixed with a canful of tomato and stewed for our dinner and the rest baked with tomato and bread crumbs1 to be heated up for another day4 ,on top of the stove1 too1 ,i had a mammoth vegetable stew4 ,in this stew were potatoes1 carrots1 parsnips1 cabbage1 beets1 turnips1 plenty of butter and plenty of salt4 ,the stew remained on the stove1 carefully covered1 during the time that the fire was lighted and was put on again the next day to complete the cooking1 for it takes long boiling to make a really good stew4 ,inside the oven were two big platefuls of apples baking4 ,these had been properly cored and the centers filled with butter and sugar and cinnamon2 also two or three dozen potatoes were baking in the oven1 some of which would serve for quick frying on another day4 ,in addition to the food mentioned1 ,i set a large two-quart bowl full of lemon jelly with vegetable gelatin4 ,it took me exactly fifteen minutes to make this jelly and during that time ,i was giving my attention to other things besides4 ,i made also a panful of baking powder biscuits which1 considering the way they were hustled about1 behaved themselves in a most long-suffering and commendable fashion1 turning out to be good biscuits after all4 ,now1 the import of all this is that1 with planning1 a little practice and some hopping about1 a good deal of cooking and preparation of food can be done in a short time4 ,unnecessary 8fussing0 about the cooking is not desirable in camp life4 ,the simpler that life can be made and kept the better4 ,the more we can get away from unwholesome condiments1 highly seasoned foods1 too much meat eating and coffee drinking1 too many sweets and pastries1 the better4 ,the girl who goes into the woods with the idea of having all the luxuries--many of them wholly unnecessary and some of them undesirable--of her home life1 is no true 8sport40 ,the grand object for which we cook in camp is a good appetite and that needs no sauce and sweets4 ,what are some of the recipes a girl should have with her for log-cabin cooking8 ,in the first place1 we must take with us a good recipe for bread-making4 ,there are so many ,i will give none4 ,the best one to have is the one used at home1 but let me say here that no flour so answers all dietetic needs in the woods as entire wheat4 ,delicious baking powder biscuits can be made from it as well as bread4 ,also know how to boil a potato4 ,you think this is a matter of no importance8 ,it would surprise you then1 wouldn't it1 to know that there are some people devoting all of their time teaching the ignorant and the poor the art of boiling a potato4 ,you can boil all the good out of it and make it almost worthless as food1 as well as untempting1 or you can cook it properly1 making it everything it ought to be4 ,know1 too1 how to clean a fish4 ,oh1 dear1 you never could do that6 ,it makes you shiver to think of such a thing4 ,very well then1 camp is no place for you4 ,your squeamishness which might seem attractive some place else will only be silly there1 making you a dead weight about somebody else's neck4 ,does your brother ,boy ,scout know how to clean a fish8 ,did you ever know a real boy who did not know how to clean a fish8 ,why not a real girl1 then1 perhaps a ,camp ,fire ,girl8 ,oh1 but the cook--no1 you will be the cook in camp or the assistant cook4 ,then get your brother to show you how to cut off its head and to scale it1 if it is a scaly fish1 how to slit it open1 taking out the entrails1 how to wash it thoroughly and dry it1 how to dip it in flour or meal and to drop it into the sizzling frying pan1 how to turn it and then finally the moment when1 crisp and brown1 it should be taken out and served4 ,know1 too1 how to pluck and clean a partridge4#e ,one day this last summer ,i went up the cut behind my camp1 intent upon finding a partridge for our supper4 ,i hadn't gone far before ,i found one and with the second shot of my rifle brought the poor fellow down4 ,i took him home to the cook whom ,i had with me then1 the daughter of a neighboring farmer4 ,i gave her the bird and told her to get him ready for supper4 ,she said she couldn't2 she didn't know how4 #e ,if your mother and brother have not taught you how to clean fish and pluck partridge1 then it would be best to go to the butcher and fishman and take lessons of them4 ,if it is possible to go on your first expedition with a good guide1 that will settle the whole difficulty1 for your guide will know the best way and be glad to teach you4 8,don't know how80 ,i asked4 8,what do you mean80 ,she said that she did not know how to pluck and clean a partridge4 8,well10 ,i replied1 8you know how to clean a chicken1 don't you80 8,mercy me1 no60 she objected1 looking pale and silly4 8,mother always cleans the chickens40 ,mother always cleans the chickens6 ,mother does a good deal too much of the things that are somewhat unpleasant in this ,american home life of ours4 ,this girl had been perfectly willing that her mother should do all the work which seemed to her too disagreeable or unpleasant to do herself4 ,but ,i am glad to say1 and her mother ought to have been grateful to me1 she helped in dressing that partridge and ,i did not care a tinker when1 after it had been cooked1 she seemed to feel too badly to eat very much of it4 ,i wonder how her mother had felt after all the hundreds of chickens she had killed1 plucked1 cleaned and cooked for that very girl of hers4 ,you must know1 too1 how to boil an egg1 and do not do as ,i saw that same incompetent farmer's daughter do--,i suppose because she had left almost everything to her very competent mother--do not boil your eggs in the tea kettle4 ,the water in the tea kettle should be kept as clean and fresh as possible4 ,there is no excuse for a dirty tea kettle4 ,we should be able in the woods1 too1 to know how to scramble eggs1 if one has them1 and to make omelets1 and to boil corn meal1 and the best ways for cooking rice and of baking fruits4 ,good apple pies1 too1 if you can make pastry without too much trouble1 will not go amiss4 ,there are a few recipes which you must get out of the home cook book1 besides the few which ,i will now give you4 ,baking powder biscuits are not easy to make4 ,even very good cooks sometimes do not have success with them4 ,do not be discouraged if at your first effort you should fail4 ,keep on trying4 ,you must learn1 for ,i think it can be said that baking powder biscuits constitute the bread of the woods4 ,i know farming families in northern ,maine who do not know what it is to make raised bread4 ,they have nothing but baking powder or soda and cream of tartar bread4 ,use one quart of sifted flour1 one teaspoonful of salt1 three rounding teaspoonfuls of baking powder1 one large tablespoonful of butter and enough milk1 evaporated or powdered milk1 or fresh if you have it1 to make a soft dough4 ,mix these things in the order in which they are given1 and when the dough is stiff enough to be cut with the top of a baking powder can or a biscuit cutter1 sprinkle your bread and also your rolling pin with flour and roll out the dough4 ,it will depend upon your oven somewhat1 but probably it will take you from ten to fifteen minutes to bake these biscuits4 ,a recipe for corn meal cake1 too1 should be in one's camp kit4 ,the simpler that recipe the better4 ,some forms of corn bread take so long to prepare that they are not suitable for the woods4 ,the one ,i shall give you will prove practicable4 ,you might take one from your own home cook book1 too1 if you wish4 ,mix the ingredients in the order in which they are set down and bake them in a moderately hot oven4 ,if you haven't anything else to use1 bread tins a third full will serve4 ,one cup of whole corn meal1 a half a teaspoonful of salt and a cup of sugar1 a whole cup of flour1 three teaspoonfuls of baking powder--these should be level--one egg1 one cup of milk and a tablespoonful of melted butter4 ,pancakes you must also know how to make4 ,one can't very well get along in the wilderness without some sort of griddle cake1 the simpler the better4 ,sour milk pancakes are the best1 particularly as it is not necessary to use eggs if one has sour milk1 but that is not always feasible1 as frequently you will have to use evaporated milk4 ,mix a pint of flour1 a half a teaspoonful of salt1 a teaspoonful of soda1 one pint of sour milk1 and two eggs thoroughly beaten4 ,see that your frying pan1 for in camp you will cook your cakes in the frying pan1 has been on the stove some time4 ,grease it thoroughly with bacon fat or butter2 never use lard unless you have to4 ,cook the cakes thoroughly4 ,you will find turning your first hot cakes something of an adventure4 ,there should also be among our log-cabin recipes some directions for telling you how to make at least two kinds of nourishing soup without stock4 ,soup with stock in camp life is not practicable4 ,pea or bean soups are the most satisfying and satisfactory4 ,the peas or beans must be soaked in cold water over night4 ,pea or bean soups take a long time to make1 so that it is not always practicable to have them in camp4 ,i will give you a recipe for split pea soup4 ,take with you1 if you are likely to need it1 also1 a recipe for black bean soup4 ,after soaking over night1 pour the water off the split peas and add to the cup of peas three pints of cold water4 ,do not let the liquid catch on the sides of the pan in which the peas are simmering4 ,when the peas are soft1 rub them through a strainer and put them on to boil again1 adding one tablespoonful of butter1 one of flour1 one-half teaspoonful of sugar and a teaspoonful of salt4 ,you don't need pepper--better leave pepper at home and if you get so that you don't miss it in camp1 then you need never use it again4 ,it is wretched stuff1 anyway1 doing more to harm the human stomach than almost any other food poison in use4 ,baked beans1 too1 make a prime dish for camp life1 partly1 ,i suppose1 because1 like corn meal and pea and bean soups1 potatoes and the heartier kinds of food1 they are so satisfying to the camper's appetite4 ,it isn't necessary to cook your beans with pork1 substitute some kind of nut butter1 peanut butter or almond butter1 or plenty of fresh dairy butter4 ,the quart of pea beans should be soaked in cold water over night4 ,in the morning these beans must be put into fresh water and allowed to cook until they are soft but not broken4 ,empty them into a colander and then put them in the bean pot1 or if you haven't a bean pot1 a deep baking dish will do4 ,put in a quarter of a cup of molasses and a half cup of butter and pour a little hot water over the beans4 ,keep them all day long in an oven that is not too hot4 ,don't put any mustard in your beans2 mustard is as great an enemy to the human stomach as pepper1 and that is saying a good deal4 ,against a rainy day when you may wish to amuse yourselves with additional dishes1 or a hungry day when you are cold and ravenous1 ,i will add a few more recipes4 ,corn pone is good4 ,this is just corn bread baked on a heated stone propped up before the fire till the surface is seared4 ,then cover with hot ashes and let it bake in them for twenty minutes4 ,after that dust your cake and eat it4 ,i have told you how to make corn meal mush4 ,with butter and sugar 7in case you have no milk7 it is excellent4 ,what do you say to some buckwheat cakes on a cold1 rainy night8 ,if you say 8yes10 all you have to do is to mix the self-raising buckwheat flour with a proper amount of water and drop some good-sized spoonfuls into a hot1 greased frying-pan4 ,the turning of hot cakes is the next best fun to eating them4 ,mash your boiled potatoes1 season with butter and salt and milk if you have it4 ,after that1 call it mashed potato4 ,it is good to eat and keeps well for pat cakes or a scallop4 ,when hungry1 fried potatoes can be eaten with impunity by the most zealous dietarian4 ,fried potatoes are naughty but nice4 ,mushrooms are nice1 too1 but dangerous4 ,if you have a trained botanist or someone who has always gathered mushrooms for eating1 then perhaps it will be safe to cook this bounty the woods spread before you4 ,if you must have bacon you cannot get bacon that is too good4 ,ferris bacon and hams are the finest and most reliable cured pork in this country4 ,and since we are speaking of pork and therefore of frying1 let me give you one caution3 ,never use the frying-pan when you can avoid doing so4 ,no amount of care can make fried foods altogether wholesome4 ,even an out-of-door life cannot altogether counteract the bad effects of fried food4 ,you can make good broth from small diced bits of game or whatever meat you have1 when the meat is tender1 add vegetables and allow the whole to boil for some time4 ,chowder1 too1 is a standard dish for camp life4 ,take out the bones from the fish and cut up fish into small pieces4 8,cover the bottom of the kettle with layers in the following order3 slices of pork1 sliced raw potatoes1 chopped onions1 fish1 hard biscuit soaked 7or bread74 ,repeat this 7leaving out pork7 until the pot is nearly full4 ,season each layer4 ,cover barely with water and cook an hour or so over a very slow fire4 ,when thick stir gently4 ,any other ingredients that are at hand may be added40 7,seneca's 8,canoe and ,camp ,cookery0 and ,breck's 8,way of the ,woods407 ,a white sauce for fish and other purposes will be found useful4 ,melt tablespoonful of butter in saucepan2 stir in dessert-spoonful of flour2 add teaspoonful salt2 mix with a cup of milk4 ,except for the ginger1 gingerbread is not a bad cake for the woods4 ,one cup of molasses1 one cup of sugar1 one teaspoonful of ginger1 one teaspoonful of soda1 one cup of hot water1 flour enough to form a medium batter1 cup melted butter1 and a little cinnamon will make it4 ,you might experiment with ,chinese tea cakes made with cup butter1 one cup brown sugar1 teaspoonful soda1 one tablespoonful of cold water1 and one cup of flour4 ,shape this mixture into small balls1 and put on buttered sheets and bake in a hot oven4 ,molasses cookies are good and substantial1 not a bad thing to put in the duffle bag on a day's tramp4 ,use one cup of molasses1 one teaspoonful of ginger1 one teaspoonful of soda1 two teaspoonfuls of warm water or milk1 cup of butter1 enough flour to mix soft4 ,dissolve the soda in milk4 ,roll dough one-third of an inch thick and cut in small rounds4 ,two well known candy recipes will add to the pleasures of a rainy day and a sweet tooth4 ,penuche3 ,two cups brown sugar1 cup milk1 butter size of a small nut1 pinch of salt1 one teaspoonful of vanilla1 cup walnut meats4 ,boil the first four ingredients until soft ball is formed when dropped in water4 ,then add vanilla and nuts1 and beat until cool and creamy4 ,fudge3 #b cups sugar1 cup milk1 #c tablespoonfuls cocoa1 a pinch of salt1 butter size of small nut1 cup walnut meats if desired4 ,cook same as penuche4 ,perhaps1 in conclusion1 ,i should advise you to learn something about the boiling of vegetables and tell you not to cut the top off a beet unless you want to see it bleed1 and lose the better part of it4 ,put your beet in1 top and all4 ,when cooked1 it will be time enough to cut it and pare it4 ,be sure if you cook cabbage that it is cooked long enough1 and has become thoroughly tender4 ,the same is true with parsnips and carrots4 ,if you are in a hurry slice up your carrots or parsnips or cabbage or potatoes and they will cook more rapidly4 ,be sure that your camp dietary has plenty of stewed fruits in it4 ,that will be so much to the good in the camp health4 ,a bottle of olive oil also will prove a great resource2 in fact1 a can of olive oil would be even more practical and the oil is always capital food4 ,although the most elaborate recipes are given for making a mayonnaise dressing it is really very simple to make1 and once made can be kept on hand as 8stock40 ,i have been making mayonnaise since ,i was a little girl1 and1 as ,i cook something like the proverbial darky1 ,i do not know that ,i am able to give you any hard and fast directions for making the dressing4 ,with me it is an affair of impulse2 ,i use either the white of an egg or the whole egg1 it does not make any difference--the shell you will not find palatable--beating it up thoroughly1 gradually adding the oil1 putting in a little lemon juice from time to time and plenty of salt4 ,cayenne pepper is ordinarily used in mayonnaise1 but if the dressing is properly seasoned with salt and lemon it needs neither cayenne nor mustard4 ,what it does need is thorough and long beating1 a cool place1 and a few minutes in which to harden after it is made4 ,you will learn one thing in the woods which perhaps will be a surprise4 ,in that life it is men who are the good cooks4 ,indeed1 it is surprising how much cleverness men show in domestic ways when they are left to their own devices and how helpless they become as soon as a woman is around4 ,if you go astray any woodsman1 any guide1 almost any 8sport0 can help you out in the mysteries of cooking4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,the ,,place ,,to ,,camp ,for most girls the place in which they are to camp will depend very largely on the locality in which they live4 ,but few people want to1 or feel that they can1 travel long distances to secure their ideal camping ground4 ,yet there are some things about the place to camp which most of us can demand and get4 ,when one has learned a little of the art of camping1 it is really surprising how many good camping grounds may be found in one's own immediate neighborhood4 ,the first question to be decided is the sort of expedition which we shall undertake4 ,are we going to rough it for a few days or a couple of weeks1 taking things as they come and not expecting any of the comforts we ordinarily have8 ,are we going to sleep in the open1 cook and eat in the open8 ,if we are to 8pack0 all that we shall have along with us1 is it to be a river trip or a lake trip in a canoe8 ,is it to be a walking expedition or with horses8 ,the least expensive item will prove to be the one that involves taking the fewest number of guides1 and which is carried out on shank's mare4 ,every expedition which is continually on the move through an isolated and rough country should be equipped with one guide to each two people4 ,if it is a stationary camp1 one guide to three or four people will be the minimum4 ,but that is the minimum4 ,registered guides command big pay for their work1 usually about three dollars a day1 and their food and lodging provided for them4 ,when we cannot make up for our oversight or mistakes or stupidities by trotting around the corner to procure what we have forgotten1 or taking up a telephone and ordering it sent to us1 or sending a message to the doctor1 who must come because we have exhausted ourselves1 or got indigestion from badly planned and badly cooked food1 it behooves us to be careful4 ,only a word to the wise is necessary4 ,to use a slang phrase which contains in a nutshell almost all that need be said on the subject3 don't bite off more than you can chew4 ,if you are starting out on a strenuous walking expedition1 be sure that all in the party are accustomed to hard walking and are properly shod and in fit condition for the work4 ,with these requirements attended to1 your duffle bags full of the right shelter and food stuff1 a capable man or capable men in charge of the expedition1 there is nothing in the world which could be better for a group of healthy girls than a walking tour4 ,i have walked scores of miles with my own little pack on my back and been all the better for the hard work and the hard living4 ,more of us need hard living as a corrective for our over-civilized lives than we need luxuries4 ,if it is a canoe trip1 it is well for several members of the party to know how to paddle and even to pole up over the 8rips0 of quickwater4 ,thank fortune that the girl of to-day has sloughed off some of the inane traits supposed to be excusably feminine1 such1 for example1 as screaming when frightened4 ,the modern girl doesn't need to be told that screaming and jumping when she goes down her first quickwater in a canoe are distinctly out of order4 ,i remember one experience in quickwater when ,i was not sure but that ,i should have to jump literally for my life4 ,in some way the ,indian with whom ,i was had got his setting pole caught in the rocks1 and we were swung around sidewise over a four-foot drop of raging water4 ,if the pole loosened before we could get the nose of the canoe pointed down stream1 the end was inevitable4 ,no one could have lived in those raging waters4 ,the canoe would have been rolled over and we pounded to pieces or crushed upon the rocks4 ,we clawed the racing water madly with the paddles1 which seemed1 for all the good they could do1 more like toothpicks than paddles4 ,but slowly1 inch by inch1 straining every muscle1 we managed to work around4 ,needless to say1 we escaped unharmed1 except for a wetting4 ,in this case as always1 a miss is as good as a mile--a little 8miss0 which was most cordially received by me4 ,the ,indian said nothing1 but ,i noticed that there was some expression in his face while this adventure was going on1 and that is saying a good deal for an ,indian4 ,after some of the questions connected with the kind of expedition are thought out1 it is just as well to consider the place in which one wishes to camp1 for that will determine much else4 ,all things being equal1 it is well to get a sharp contrast in locality1 because that means the maximum of change and tonic4 ,in my experience there are only two kinds of camping grounds to be avoided--no1 ,i will say three4 ,first1 there is swampy1 malarial land1 infested by mosquitoes and other unpleasant creatures4 ,second1 there is ground on which no water can be found4 ,camp life without access to water is an impossible proposition4 ,and thirdly--a possibility fortunately which does not occur in many localities--ground that is infested by venomous snakes is unsafe4 ,even in so beautiful and fertile a region as the ,connecticut ,valley1 where ,i live when not at my camp in the ,moosehead region1 and where ,i frequently go camping1 the question of snakes has to be taken into consideration4 ,i have encountered both the rattlesnake and the copperhead1 two of the most deadly reptiles known1 in the ,connecticut ,valley4 ,if1 when you are at home1 you live on land that is low1 and high land is accessible for your expedition1 ,i think you cannot do better than camp on the hills or the mountains4 ,on the other hand1 if you are ordinarily accustomed to living among the hills1 a camping ground on low land by sea or lake will bring you the greatest change4 ,some girls might prefer to camp deep in the very heart of the woods4 ,personally ,i do not4 ,i think it is likely to be very damp there1 and to be so enclosed on every side that the life grows dull4 ,i like a camping ground on the shore of a pond1 or on a hill side with a big outlook1 or at the mouth of a river4 ,one of the most beautiful camping grounds ,i have ever known is in a deserted apple orchard miles away from civilization4 ,once upon a time there was a farm there1 but the buildings were all burned down4 ,remote1 perfect1 sheltered1 ,i often think the original ,garden of ,eden could not have been more beautiful4 ,and there is the original apple tree1 but in this case most seductive as apple sauce4 ,you make a mistake if1 before you get up your camp appetite1 you assume that apple sauce need not be taken into account4 ,when your camp appetite is up1 you will find that the original sauce on buttered bread will put you into the original paradisaic mood4 ,and there are all sorts of extension of the apple that are as good as they are harmless1 apple pie1 apple dumpling1 apple cake1 and baked apples4 ,it may not seem romantic to you1 but you will find it practical and1 after all1 delightful to camp a mile or so away from a good farmhouse1 as far out on the edge of the wilderness as you can get1 for1 the farm within walking distance1 it is possible to have a great variety of food3 fresh milk and cream1 eggs1 an occasional chicken1 new potatoes1 and other vegetables in season4 ,with the farm nearby1 you can say1 as in the 8,merry ,wives of ,windsor03 8,let the sky rain potatoes60 and you have your wish fulfilled4 ,it is probable1 too1 that the farmer in such an isolated region will be glad to help in pitching the tents1 in lugging whatever needs to be lugged from the nearest village or station1 in making camp generally and1 finally1 in striking the camp4 ,it is likely that for a reasonable sum he will be glad to let you have one of his nice big farm ,dobbins and an old buggy for cruising around the country4 ,in any event1 choose ground that affords a good run-off and is dry2 select a sheltered spot where the winds will not beat heavily upon your tents1 and never forget that clean drinking water is one of the first essentials4 ,keep away from contaminated wells and all uncertain supplies4 ,with these injunctions in mind1 you can find only a happy1 healthful1 invigorating home among the 8primitive pines0 or under the original apple tree4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,camp ,,fires 8,the way to prevent big fires is to put them out while they are small40--,,chief ,,forester ,,graves4 ,lightly do we go into the woods1 bent upon a holiday4 ,there we kindle a fire over which we are to cook our camp supper4 ,how good it all smells1 the wood smoke1 the odor of the frying bacon and fish and potatoes2 how good in the crisp evening air the warmth of the camp fire feels2 and above all1 how beautiful everything is1 the deep plumy branches on whose lower sides shadows from the firelight dance1 the depth of darkness beyond the reach of the illuminating flame1 the rich strange hue of the soft grass and moss on which we are sitting6 ,it is all beautiful with not a suggestion of evil or terror about it1 and yet1 unchecked1 there is a demon of destruction in that jolly little camp fire before which we sit4 ,now the supper6 ,nothing ever tasted better1 nothing can ever taste so good again1 the fish and bacon done to a turn1 the potatoes lying an inviting brown in the frying pan1 and the hot cocoa1 made with condensed milk1 steaming up into the cool evening air4 ,after supper we lie about the fire and sing or dream4 ,perhaps some one tells a story4 ,the hours go so rapidly that we do not know where they have gone4 ,and when the evening is over8 ,the fire is still glowing1 a bed of bright coral coals and gray ash4 ,the fire will just go out if we leave it4 ,besides1 we haven't time to fetch water to put it out with4 ,no1 nine chances out of ten1 if we leave the fire it will not go out1 but smoulder on1 and a breeze coming up in the night or at dawn1 the fire springs into flame again1 catching on the surrounding dry grass and pine needles4 ,soon1 incredibly soon1 it begins to leap up the trunks of trees4 ,before we know it1 it is springing from tree to tree1 faster than a man can leap or run4 ,illustration3 ,,nessmuk ,,range4 ,illustration3 ,,small ,,cook ,,fire4 ,in dry weather you and ,i could go out into the woods anywhere1 and with a match not much bigger than a good-sized darning needle1 set a blaze that would sweep over a whole county1 or from county to county1 or from state to state4 ,millions of dollars' worth of damage would be done1 and the chances are that the careless1 wanton act would be the means of having us put into prison--which is precisely where1 given such circumstances1 we should be4 ,have we ever stopped to think for a moment1 we who camp so joyfully1 what loss and injury such carelessness on our part may mean to a whole community8 ,to begin with1 there are the forests themselves1 and all they represent in actual timber1 in promise for future growth1 and in security for rain supply4 ,then in fighting the fire thousands of dollars' worth of wages will have to be paid and hundreds of men's lives will be in danger4 ,the sweep and fury of such forest fires1 unless one has lived in the neighborhood of one as ,i have1 is beyond the comprehension or the imagination4 ,burning brands are blown sixty feet and more over the tops of the highest trees and the heads of the men who are fighting the fire4 ,before they can check the blaze of the fire nearest them1 one beyond them has already been started4 ,also there are the life aspects1 big and small1 of such a fire4 ,not only are the lives of the men who fight the blaze endangered1 but all the homes1 camps1 farmhouses1 villages1 and their inmates are in imminent risk4 ,what it has taken others years to gather together1 to construct1 may be swept away in a few hours4 ,helpless old people1 equally helpless little children--all may be burned4 ,beyond this question of human life1 which every one will admit is a very great one1 is still another which1 ,i am sorry to say1 will not seem so important to some girls4 ,maybe it is not1 but if you have ever heard the screams of an animal1 terrified by fire1 being burned to death1 as ,i have2 if you have ever heard the blind frenzied terror of the stampede which takes place1 the beating of hoofs and the screams of creatures that are trying to escape1 but do not know how1 as ,i have heard them--then you will have a new sense of the tragedy which a forest fire means to the creatures of the forest4 ,of a forest fire it may be said1 as of an evil1 that there is absolutely no good in it3 it is all bad1 all devastating1 all injurious4 ,in a forest fire scores1 hundreds1 thousands of wild creatures are killed1 those little creatures which1 given the chance1 are so friendly with their human brothers4 ,think1 the little chickadees1 tame1 gay1 resourceful1 filling even the winter woods with their song1 the tiny wrens1 the beautiful thrushes1 the squirrels and chipmunks1 who need only half an invitation and something on the table to accept your offer of a nut cutlet1 the rabbit who lets you come within a few feet of him while he still nibbles grass1 and looks trustingly at you out of his round prominent eyes1 the bear that thrusts his head out of the edge of the woods1 full of curiosity to see what you are doing1 the deer1 even the little fawn1 who will become your playmate and take sugar from your hand--all these trusting1 interested1 friendly creatures are killed by the hundreds of thousands in a forest fire4 ,the smoke stifles them1 the loud reports of the wood gases escaping from the burning trees terrify them1 and the light and heat confuse them4 ,it is difficult to find a single good thing to say for a forest fire4 ,it spells devastation1 loss1 untold suffering1 and in its path there is only desolation4 ,the merciful fire-weed springs up after it1 trying with its summer flame to cover the black ravage1 the gutted ground1 where the demon has burned deep into the peaty subsoil4 ,everywhere one sees what an awful fight for life has taken place3 thousands of little birds1 suffocated by the smoke1 have dropped into the flames1 thousands of creatures1 tortured by the heat1 have rushed into the fire instead of away from it4 ,worse than the flood is fire1 because the suffering is so much the greater4 ,somehow there is something utterly1 irredeemably tragic to any one who has gone over these great fire-swept stretches of land in our country2 the thick stagnant water that is left1 the charred bones1 and the look of waste which shall never meet in the space of a human life with repair4 ,no time to put out the camp fire8 ,that little fire will just go out of itself1 will it8 ,yes1 probably1 when it has accomplished what ,i have described for you1 when it has killed happy life1 razed the beautiful trees1 gutted out the earth1 and devoured1 careless of agony1 all that it will have4 ,fire is the dragon of our modern wilderness1 and it will be glutted and gorged1 and not satisfied until it is4 ,that jolly little camp fire is worth keeping an eye on1 it is worth the trouble1 even if we have to go half a mile to fetch it1 to get a pail of water and ring the embers around with the wet so that the fire cannot spread4 ,never leave a camp fire burning2 no registered guide would do such a thing1 and no sportsman4 ,it is only those who don't know or who are criminally careless who would4 ,if the public will not take responsibility in this matter1 the fire wardens are helpless4 ,some enemies these men must inevitably fight3 the lightning which strikes a dead1 punky stump in the midst of dry woods1 which1 smouldering a long while1 finally bursts into flame2 the spark from an engine2 even spontaneous combustion due to imprisoned gases acted upon by sun-heat4 ,but there is one enemy which the fire wardens should not need to meet1 and that is man3 the boy or girl camping1 the man who drops a cigar stump or match carelessly onto dry leaves1 the hunter who uses combustible wadding in his shotgun4 ,let us help the fire wardens1 those men who live on lonely mountain summits or in the midst of the wilderness with eyes ever vigilant to detect the starting of a fire--let us help1 ,i say1 these fire wardens to get rid of one nuisance at least1 and let us keep our great1 cool1 wonderful ,american forests as beautiful as they have ever been and should always be for those who are in a holiday humor4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,other ,,smoke ,there will not be much opportunity to dwell on all the wealth of information that comes to the real camper4 ,the life of the woods is not only a lively one1 but one teeming with intelligences and the kind of information which one can get no place else4 ,my years of camping have stored my mind full of pictures and full of memories about which ,i could write indefinitely4 ,in the practical activities of camp life we mustn't forget that the silent wonderful life of the wilderness is ours to study if we but bring keen eyes to it1 quick hearing and receptive minds4 ,let me tell you of one experience which ,i had some four years ago on the edge of a solitary little pond in the forest wilderness4 ,our way lay over a narrow trail1 now through birches full of light1 then through maples1 past spruce and other trees1 down1 down1 down toward the little pond which lay like a jewel at the bottom of a hollow4 ,it was a favorite spot for beavers and we were going to watch them work4 ,their rising time is sundown1 so we should be there before they were up4 ,it was growing quieter and quieter in the ever-quiet woods1 and when we hid ourselves behind some bushes near the edge of the pond on the opposite side from the beaver houses1 there was scarcely a sound1 and the drip of the water from a heron's wings as the bird mounted in flight1 seemed astonishingly loud4 ,soon the beavers1 unaware of us1 came out of their houses and began to work1 steadily and silently4 ,we knew them for what they were1 builders of dams1 of bridges1 of houses1 mighty in battle so that a single stroke from their broad flat tails kills a dog instantly1 wood cutters1 carriers of mud and stone--animals endowed with almost human intelligence and with an industry greater than human4 ,and ,i never saw work done more quietly1 efficiently and silently than ,i did that night by the edge of ,beaver ,pond4 ,as we sat there peering through the bushes ,i thought instinctively of the silent work which we do within ourselves or which is done for us4 ,deep down within us so much is going on of which 8we10 as we speak of the conscious outer self1 are not aware4 ,take1 for example1 the frequent and common experience of forgetting a word or a name4 ,despite the greatest effort we cannot recall it1 and finding ourselves helpless we dismiss the matter from our minds and go on to other things4 ,suddenly1 without any seeming effort on our part the word has come to us4 ,now this reveals a great truth about a great silent power3 all we have to do is to set the right forces to work and frequently the work is done for us4 ,with this serviceable power within us1 why not make use of it habitually8 ,it renews itself constantly and waits for us to call upon it for protection1 for comfort1 for correction and strength4 ,it insists only that we think as nearly rightly as we can4 ,beavers of silence are busy within us4 ,much of the work of this silent power is done in our sleep-time4 ,it is important1 therefore1 that our last thoughts at night and our first in the morning should be the best of which we are capable4 ,prayer is a profound acknowledgment of this power within us4 ,we have all heard the expression1 8the night brings counsel40 ,and probably most of us have said1 8,oh1 well1 we'll just sleep on that60 ,why 8sleep on it08 ,because we have confidence in this silent power whose processes1 whether we sleep or wake1 are constantly at work within us1 even as night and day1 a natural power1 directs the growth of tree and flower4 ,again we have counted upon the work of industrious beavers of silence--the silent workers within each one of us4 ,the woods are full of lessons never to be learned any place else4 ,insensibly are we1 in this vast big intelligent life of the forest1 led on to meditate about the things we see4 ,i often wish not only that ,i could place myself at certain times in those solitary places by edge of pond1 deep in forest1 on the hillside1 following the trail1 but also that ,i might send a friend or two to the healing which can be found in the wilderness4 ,for example1 the girls who find nothing but troubles and vexations in life1 who groan if the conversation languishes1 are likely to have some of their troubles slip away from them and their talk become more cheerful4 ,who can be in the woods1 who can live in the great out of doors and not feel optimistic1 at least hopeful and interested8 ,to every girl inclined to be moody1 often to suffer from the conviction that living is difficult and perhaps not worth while1 ,i commend camp life4 ,activity1 distraction are its powerful and wholesome remedies for melancholy4 ,in that life one is obliged to work mind and body much as the beavers work1 one's attention is held to something every minute4 ,the whole current of our thoughts has been changed and for the time being we are distracted from the old bruised ways of thinking4 ,the very alteration that comes with wood life gives us a chance to think rightly4 ,who can be troubled or bored or bad tempered and follow the trail8 ,who can be indifferent and be conscious of the energy and intelligence of beaver and squirrel1 of rabbit and bird1 of deer and moose8 ,soon the whole misery-breeding brood of cares1 of doubts1 of perplexities that existed before we left our home drop away from us4 ,we can use the influence of this vast sane life of the wilderness for ourselves and by its strength make good4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,fitting ,,up ,,the ,,camp ,,for ,,use ,any girl who has crossed the ocean knows how impossible1 the first time she entered her little white cabin1 that bit of space looked as a place in which to sleep and to spend part of her time4 ,there seemed to be no room in it for anything2 it was difficult to turn around in1 there were so few hooks on which to hang things1 and the berth--dear me1 that berth6 ,so her thoughts ran4 ,yet gradually1 as she learned the ropes1 she was able to make it homelike4 ,with experience she learned that the more bags she had in which to put things1 the easier it was to keep this little stateroom in order4 ,the next time she took with her every conceivable sort of bag for every conceivable sort of object4 ,also she had learned that the more she could do without unnecessary things in her cabin and steamer trunk1 the more comfort was hers to enjoy4 ,by the time she had crossed the ocean often1 she had learned the art of having little but all that she needed with her--the art of making herself comfortable in a stateroom4 ,even so is there an art in learning how to camp1 a happy art of which there is always something left to learn4 ,the oldest campers never get beyond the point where they can make a slight improvement in their kit or their methods4 ,in the end you will work out your own salvation for the kind of camping you wish to do4 ,it is my intention to point out to you only what might be called the ground plan of fitting up a camp for use4 ,those little individual adaptations which every one of us makes1 increasing familiarity with camp life will help you to make for yourselves4 ,first1 last1 and always1 when making out your camp lists1 revise them carefully with the idea of cutting out everything unnecessary4 ,all besides what you actually need will be clutter4 ,the best way to do is to make out your lists1 putting down everything that comes to you4 ,then go over them by yourselves and a second time with some one else4 ,your check lists for camp are important and should always be conscientiously made out1 with nothing left to chance1 nothing done hit or miss4 ,if you are to furnish a camp1 remember that your packing boxes can do great work in helping to set you up in your new home4 ,in rough camping such boxes do well for dressers1 washstands and1 with a little carpentry1 also for clothes presses4 ,a piece of enameled cloth on the top of the one to be used as a washstand1 and a towel or white curtain strung on a string in front of it1 behind which you can put dirty clothes1 make a thoroughly satisfactory article of furniture4 ,in camp there is no need to think about elegance4 ,fitness and usefulness are all the girl need ever consider4 ,it is astonishing how much beauty your homely cabin and white tent will acquire--a beauty all their own4 ,for tent camping the usual camp cot bed is probably most satisfactory1 for it is light and readily carried4 ,if you are on the march and carrying at the most a tent fly for protection1 you will1 of course1 sleep on bough beds or browse beds4 ,small1 cut saplings1 well trimmed1 make good springs for beds4 ,any guide can help you to make the beds1 and you would better be about it early1 for it takes a good three-quarters of an hour to make a comfortable bough bed4 ,perhaps a few suggestions will not come amiss4 ,you will1 of course1 have both good hunting knives1 worn in a leather sheath on a leather belt1 and belt-sheath hatchets4 ,with the hatchet cut down a stout little balsam tree4 ,from this break the tips from the big branches1 having them about one foot in length4 ,these foot-length stems make good bed springs and are the only bed springs you will have on a balsam couch unless you provide the spring yourself because of some green worm who is industriously measuring off the length of your nose1 no doubt in amazement that there should be anything so extraordinarily long in the world4 ,however1 he is a harmless little chap1 and the balsam tree having treated him very kindly1 he will be greatly surprised at any other kind of entertainment which he may receive from you4 ,now1 having got your 8feathers10 select a smooth piece of ground with a slight slope toward the foot4 ,press the stems of the feathers into the earth1 laying them tier after tier as you have seen a roof shingled1 until your bed is wide enough1 long enough1 and soft enough to give you a good and sweet-scented night of sleep upon it4 ,lay a fair-sized log along each side and across the foot4 ,this balsam bough bed can be made up as often as you wish with fresh feathers4 ,place one blanket on top and it is ready for your use4 ,if you have got pitch on your hands in doing this1 rub them with a little butter or lard and it will come off4 ,illustration3 ,,dr4 ,,carrington',s ,,sleeping ,,bag4 ,illustration3 8,,kenwood0 ,,sleeping ,,bag4 ,illustration3 ,,rustic ,,camp ,,cot4 ,there is still an easier bed to make4 ,a bag of stout bed ticking1 filled with leaves and grass1 forms an excellent mattress and has the virtue of being portable1 for the bag can always be emptied1 folded up1 packed1 and refilled at the next camp ground4 ,a thin rubber blanket or poncho laid over this makes it an absolutely dry bed at all times4 ,if you are to camp in a log cabin1 probably the most comfortable bed for you to plan is a spring1 bought at the nearest village1 and nailed onto log posts a foot and a half high4 ,with your ticking mattress filled with straw1 your day lived in the great out of doors1 no one will need to wish you pleasant slumber4 ,it is well to have a good supply of tarlatan on hand4 ,this is finer than mosquito netting and therefore more impervious to stinging insects4 ,if you camp in ,june1 or the first week or so in ,july1 you are likely in many parts of the country to find black flies1 mosquitoes1 and midges to battle against4 ,there should be enough tarlatan to use over the camp bed and also enough to cover completely a hat with a brim and to fall down about the neck1 where it can be tied under the collar4 ,a more expensive head-net of black silk ,brussels net can be made4 ,this costs a good deal more1 but the great advantage of it is1 that the black does not alter the colors of the world out upon which one looks4 ,don't make any mistake about the importance of some kind of netting and fly dope1 or 8bug juice10 as the antidotes for insect bites are sometimes called4 ,there are various kinds of fly dope1 any one of which is likely to prove useful4 ,there is an excellent recipe for the making of your own fly dope in ,breck's 8,way of the ,woods10 which ,i give here4#f ,a tiny vial of ammonia will also prove useful4 ,one drop on a bite will often stop further poisoning from an insect sting4 ,inquiries should always be made beforehand whether one is likely to encounter black flies and midges4 ,those who have met them once are not likely to wish to have a second unprotected meeting4 ,they are the pests of the woods and the wilderness4 #f 8,breck's ,dope3 ,pine tar #c oz4 ,olive oil #b 8 ,oil pennyroyal #a 8 ,citronella #a 8 ,creosote #a 8 ,camphor 7pulverized7 #a 8 ,large tube carbolated vaseline4 ,heat the tar and oil and add the other ingredients2 simmer over slow fire until well mixed4 ,the tar may be omitted if disliked40 ,i will give1 just as they occur to me1 a few other articles which will be useful in the camp life3 a small cake of camphor to break over things in the knapsack and keep off crawlers2 a small emergency box containing surgeon's plaster and the usual things2 vaseline1 witch hazel2 jack knife2 tool kit2 a map of the region in which you are camping and a diary in which to take notes4 ,to these might be added sewing articles1 a sleeping bag if you care to use one1 and a folding brown duck waterpail4 ,the catalog from any sporting goods place will suggest a thousand other articles which you may care to have4 ,with a few planks to saw up into lengths1 and a few white birch saplings1 a most attractive camp dinner table can be made4 ,over this a piece of white oilcloth should be laid and kept clean by the use of a little sapolio4 ,it is best not to buy an expensive stove for the cabin4 ,a second-hand kitchen range1 which can be purchased for a few dollars1 will do quite well for the cooking cabin or shack1 and an open ,franklin stove for the living cabin4 ,if one is going to camp in tents and wants a stove in one of them1 it will be necessary to buy a regular tent stove4 ,anything else would not be safe4 ,as far as actual furniture is concerned1 except for camp stools or benches and camp chairs1 if you wish to be very elegant1 the camp is now furnished4 ,but there are still to be considered the necessary utensils for cooking and other purposes4 ,i will enumerate them again just as they occur to me1 and not necessarily in the order of their importance3 kerosene oil can1 molasses jug1 pails1 a tin baker1 a teapot1 tin and earthen dishes1 tin and earthen cups1 basins for washing1 pans for baking and for milk1 dishpans1 dishmop1 double boiler1 broiler1 knives1 forks1 teaspoons1 tablespoons1 mixing spoons1 pepper box1 salt shaker1 nutmeg grater1 flour sifter1 can opener1 frying pans--one with a long handle for use in cooking over open fires--butcher knife1 bread knife1 lantern1 bucket1 egg beater1 potato masher1 rolling pin1 axe1 hatchet1 nails1 hammer1 toilet paper1 woolen blankets1 rubber blankets1 crash for dish towels1 yellow soap1 some wire1 twine1 tacks1 and a small fireless cooker if you know how to use one4 ,a good fireless cooker can be built on the premises4 ,possessed of these articles1 any one who knows anything about the woods can be most comfortable4 ,they can1 of course1 be added to indefinitely4 ,one may make camp life as expensive and complicated as one pleases4 ,but to do that seems a pity1 for it is against the very good and spirit of the wilderness life4 ,the wood life and all its new and invigorating experience should take us back to nature4 ,it is for that we go into the wilderness and not to bring with us the luxuries of civilization4 ,part of the wholesomeness of camp life lies in learning to do without1 in the fine simplicity which we are obliged to practice there4 ,common sense is the law of the wilderness life1 and let us be sure that we follow that law4 ,,chapter ,x ,,the ,,pocketbook ,one of the objects of some girls on their camping expeditions is to keep the trip from becoming too expensive4 ,the maximum of value must be got from the minimum of pence4 ,and ,i think that is as it should be1 for1 with economy1 the life is kept nearer a simple ideal1 is made more active and more wholesome4 ,all sorts and conditions of camping have been my lot1 the five-dollar-a-day camping in a log cabin 787 equipped with running water and a porcelain tub1 and the kind of camping one does under a fly with the rain and sunshine and wind driving in at their pleasure4 ,although ,i do not advise the latter as far as health results are concerned1 given that the party is in fair condition they will be none the worse for the experiment4 ,camping for a party of four or five should usually cost something between eight dollars and eighteen dollars apiece per week4 ,this rate includes a guide and a good deal of service1 a rowboat1 a canoe1 and no care about food4 ,but the longer ,i camp the more ,i am of the opinion that the simpler and more independent the life is1 the greater health and pleasure it will bring4 ,it has been said about camping1 8,much for little3 much health1 much good fellowship and good temper1 much enjoyment of beauty--and all for little money and1 rightly judged1 for no trouble at all40 ,illustration3 8,,tanalite0 ,,waterproof ,,wall ,,tent4 ,illustration3 ,,toilet ,,tent4 ,illustration3 ,,khaki ,,standard ,,army ,,duck ,,wall ,,tent4 ,illustration3 ,,tent ,,stove-,,pipe ,,hole4 ,illustration3 ,,frazer ,,canoe ,,tent4 ,illustration3 ,,waterproof ,,dining ,,flys ,,for ,,wall ,,tent4 ,the girl who is the right sort gets more fun out of camp life when she does at least part of the work herself4 ,let her economize and use her own ingenuity and do the work4 ,any group of three or four girls can provide all the necessary 8grub0 for themselves at #c a week per capita4 ,this sum does not include rental or purchase of tent4 ,a good tent1 #g #g1 big enough for two at a pinch1 can be bought complete 7this does not include fly7 for about #g4 ,you can get tents second-hand often for a song1 or as a loan1 or you can rent your tent for #aj cents a day4 ,get at least a few numbers of one or several of the following sporting magazines3 ,outing1 ,country ,life in ,america1 ,forest and ,stream1 ,field and ,stream1 ,recreation1 ,rod and ,gun in ,canada4 ,look in the advertisement pages of these magazines for the names of sporting goods houses and send for catalogs4 ,then choose your style of tent4 ,the different kinds of tents are legion4 ,the ,kenyon ,take-,down ,house1 too1 is a capital camp home4 ,it is 8skeet0-proof and fly-proof4 ,send to ,michigan for a catalog1 and then go like the classic turtle with your shell on your back4 ,in groups of four or more1 the #aj laid by for a vacation should bring two holiday weeks--possibly a day or so over2 #ae1 three weeks and a bit over1 and #bj a whole glorious month4 ,expensive camping may be the 8style0 in certain localities1 but it is not necessarily the 8fun40 ,for eight weeks this past summer my family of two members camped with two servants4 ,in addition we had the occasional services of a man who did all the heavy work4 ,there was not enough for the servants to do in the cottage and log cabin of our establishment4 ,they were discontented1 faultfinding1 and wholly out of the spirit of camp life4 ,all of the day that their tone of voice reached was helplessly ruined4 ,the only way to keep the camp joy and pleasure was to keep out of their way4 ,on our camp table we had silver1 embroidered linen cloths1 the same food1 in almost the same variety1 that we had it at home1 and the same amount of service4 ,all ,i can say is that it was a perfect nuisance--as perfectly planned and executed a nuisance as one could well conceive4 ,everywhere these servants looked they found things which did not suit them4 ,what ,i think they wished was a modest twenty-thousand-dollar cottage in that great and wonderful wilderness4 ,illustration3 ,,frame ,,for ,,bough ,,lean-,,to4 ,illustration3 ,,bough ,,lean-,,to4 ,in the autumn ,i camped alone for two weeks in a log cabin4 ,i say alone4 ,i was not alone1 for ,i had three friends with me--a collie puppy1 a blind fawn1 and a year-old cat4 ,they were the best of companions--for better ,i could not have asked4 ,i never heard a word of faultfinding1 and ,i was witness to a great deal of joy4 ,it is a curious fact about camp life that if a girl has weak places in her character1 if she is selfish or peevish or faultfinding or untidy1 these weaknesses will all come out4 ,but my four-footed friends were good nature itself1 young1 growing1 happy1 contented4 ,and they had excellent appetites4 ,i tell you this because ,i want you to see how much of an item their food was in the expenses ,i shall enumerate4 ,this might be called a little intimate history of at least one camp pocketbook4 ,the fawn had a quart of milk a day and much lettuce1 together with the kind of food which deer live upon3 leaves1 grass1 clover1 ferns4 ,i had to pay for her bedding of hay4 ,the puppy and the cat shared another quart of milk between them4 ,the cat hunted by night1 but the puppy was fed entirely by hand on bread1 milk1 an occasional egg1 cereals1 and vegetables4 ,my own fare consisted of all the bread and butter ,i wished1 cocoa1 condensed milk1 bananas1 apples1 eggs1 potatoes1 beans1 nuts1 raisins1 cauliflower1 chocolate1 and a few other articles4 ,and there was1 too1 the denatured alcohol to be paid for--a heavy item1 for ,i used only a chafing dish and a small spirit lamp4 ,the milk was eight cents a quart on account of the carriage1 the butter was thirty-eight cents a pound1 the eggs twenty-five cents a dozen4 ,except for cutting up and splitting the wood for my open ,franklin stove1 the wood cost me nothing4 ,but ,i paid a man a dollar for half a day's work4 ,we weren't seven1 but we were four in that camp community4 ,how much do you think the food for all averaged per week in those two weeks8 ,three dollars a week1 and we had all that we wanted and more1 too4 ,when girls plan carefully and intelligently1 when they exercise good sense in the cooking and care of food1 there is no reason why1 with a party of four or five girls1 from three dollars to four dollars apiece per week should not cover all living1 exclusive1 of course1 of the traveling expenses4 ,and the camping can be done for less4 ,i commend these expense items to all ,vacation ,bureaus and to ,camp ,fire ,girls4 ,in the two weeks ,i camped alone ,i was very busy with my writing4 ,to this ,i was obliged to give most of the daylight4 ,besides this1 ,i had much business correspondence to attend to4 ,it takes time to care properly for animals1 and my pets had not only to be fed1 but also to be brushed and generally cared for4 ,i planned to spend some time every day with the blind fawn so that ,i might amuse her4 ,i did all these things1 took care of my little cabin1 had time for a walk every afternoon1 and went to bed when the birds did1 to get up the next morning at five o'clock4 ,had ,i been able to give my thought entirely to the food question1 ,i am certain that the expense of these items might have been made even less4 ,some girls will think this is getting back to the simple life with a vengeance4 ,so it was but ,i can assure you that those two weeks were most happy and profitable in every way--far better than the over-served1 over-fed months which had preceded them4 ,for any girl who needs to forget how superficial to the real needs of life the luxuries are2 for any girl who is lazy in household ways2 for any girl who needs character building2 for any girl who is in need of deep breathing and the pines2 for any girl who wants more active life than she gets in her own home2 for any girl who is of an experimental or adventurous turn of mind2 for any girl who needs to be drawn away from her books2 for any girl who wants to form new friendships in a big1 sane1 and beautiful world where the greetings are all friendly2 for any girl--for every girl--who wants much for little2 the log cabin1 the tent1 the shack in the wilderness1 by pond or lake1 upon the hillsides or in the valleys1 will prove a 8joy forever40 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,the ,,camp ,,dog ,when ,i began to go into the wilderness to camp1 ,i was much more credulous than ,i am now4 ,everywhere ,i went in the woods ,i saw an implement which looked like a cross between a pickaxe with a long handle and the largest pair of tweezers ever seen4 ,this was always lying up against something as if just ready for use1 much as one sees an axe resting against a cabin wall or on a chopping block4 ,i couldn't make out what this could be used for4 ,finally1 curiosity getting the better of me and no opportunity for seeing it used offering itself1 ,i asked4 8,oh1 that10 answered the guide with a twinkle in his eye1 8that is the camp dog40 8,how nice60 ,i thought4 8,why is it called camp dog80 8,well1 you see it does most of the work for us and being so faithful and handy we've just got naturally into the way of calling it a camp dog40 ,i was still more impressed when he gave me then and there several illustrations of its usefulness4 ,but the end of the tale of the camp dog is not yet1--in fact it was a very long tale for me1 the end of which you shall have in good season4 ,generally speaking it may be said that it is the guide and not this implement which is the camp dog4 ,it is he who is faithful1 always handy1 always willing4 ,and it is he who is more imposed upon than any other member of the camp community4 ,the guide is a responsible person1--the responsible person4 ,he is usually registered and his pay is always good4 ,he needs every dollar he gets and every bit of authority1 too1 for he works hard and often for groups of people who are thorough in only one respect and that is in their irresponsibility4 ,the guide has to be sure that fires are kindled in the right places and that they are really out when they should be2 he must keep his party from foolhardy acts of any kind2 he must be sure that they have a good time and certain that they are not overtaxed2 if it comes off cold or is cold1 he must keep them warm2 he must see1 despite every vicissitude1 that they are enjoying themselves2 he must do the cooking--and he must be a good cook1--boil the coffee1 wash the dishes1 pitch and strike the tents2 he must pilot the members of the party to the best places for fishing1 often bait their hooks or teach them how to bait1 dig their worms2 and give their first lessons in casting a fly2 must instruct them in all necessary wood craft and keep them from shooting wildly2 he must see that the game laws of the state are observed1 also the fire laws2 if anything should happen to a member of his party1 he will1 in all likelihood1 be held responsible for it2 and finally1 always and all the time1 no matter how he himself feels1 he must be agreeable1 obliging1 useful4 ,now if the man who has all these burdens to bear is not a camp dog1 ,i should like to know what he is8 ,to those of us who have been into the woods year after year1 it is a sort of boundless irritation to see some members of the camping party sitting about idle while the guide does the work4 ,part of the value of camp life is its activity1 its activities4 ,another part of its good is the skill which comes from learning to be useful in the woods4 ,the life out-of-doors should be a constant training in manual work1--call it wood work if you wish4 ,i am reminded of a story told in 8,vanity ,fair0 about a lazy1 indifferent student who was in the class of a famous physicist4 ,the freshman sprawled in the rear seat and was sleeping or was about to go to sleep4 8,mr4 ,fraser10 said the physicist sharply1 8you may recite40 ,fraser opened his eyes but he did not change his somnolent pose4 8,mr4 ,fraser1 what is work80 8,everything is work40 8,what1 everything is work80 8,yes1 sir40 8,then ,i take it you would like the class to believe that this desk is work80 8,yes1 sir10 wearily1 8wood work40 ,from the moment that school of the woods is entered every girl has her wood work cut out for her1 if she is taking camping in the right spirit4 ,it is all team play in the wilderness1 or if it is not1 it is a rather poor game4 ,helpfulness is one of the first rules and every camper should be willing to help the guide4 ,usually the guides are a fine set of self respecting1 dignified1 resourceful men4 ,and ,i think it might be said with considerable truthfulness that when they are not what they ought to be1 it is nine times out of ten due to the undesirable influence of the parties they have worked for4 ,your guide is your equal in most respects and your superior in others4 ,he should be met on a footing of equality4 ,i use this word advisedly and ,i do not mean familiarity4 ,well-bred girls do not meet anyone1 whether in the wilderness or in civilization1 on this footing immediately4 ,the party should be willing and glad to help the guide in every possible way4 ,that does not signify doing his work for him but it does indicate helping him4 ,a routine of some sort should be adopted and is one of the best ways to assist him4 ,one girl should be on duty at one time and another at another and all in regular rotation4 ,no camp life can go on successfully without some law and order of this sort4 ,for it is just as necessary for the smooth running of household wheels in the log cabin as it is in the city home4 ,whoever occupies the guide's position1 that is the one who is chiefly responsible for everything1 should be ably helped by the whole party but not by the whole party at the same time4 ,evolve a system for the particular conditions of the camp life in which you find yourself and stick to it4 ,let one girl or one set of girls help one day and another the next4 ,let the girl be detailed to do one kind of work one day and another another4 ,this system1 with proper rotation1 means that nobody gets tired of her work4 ,a girl cannot be too self-reliant if she is ever to be wise in the way of the woods4 ,there is no need for discouragement if everything is not learned at once1 for camping is like skating and is an art to be learned only through many tumbles and mistakes4 ,be prepared to take it and yourself lightly--in short1 to laugh readily over the mistakes made in the art of living in the woods4 ,now we have come to the very tip of the tail of the camp dog4 ,you will be interested to know how an old timer was obliged to laugh at herself4 ,i am ashamed to tell you how recently this occurred4 ,i was in the northernmost wilderness of the state of ,maine1 and near a big lumber camp1 when ,i saw a 8camp dog0 lying on the ground1 its long axe handle shining from use1 its pickaxe blade a bright steel color1 and the tooth at the back looking as if it had been often used4 ,i was delighted4 8,oh10 ,i said to my guide1 8look at that camp dog lying there60 ,he was particularly attentive to my pronunciation1 for he said ,i pronounced some words1 such as 8girl10 as he had never heard them pronounced before4 ,i saw a curious expression pass across his face4 8,what did you say that was80 he asked4 8,why1 that camp dog lying there40 8,camp dog60 ,then he began to laugh and he kept right on until the woods echoed with his roars4 8,well10 he said finally1 wiping away the tears1 8if that doesn't beat everything6 ,that isn't a camp dog1 that's a cant dog1--you know what you cant logs and heavy things over with1 roll 'em over and pry 'em up with when you couldn't do it any other way4 ,my grief1 to think of your calling that a camp dog all these years60 ,and he went off into another guffaw4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,,the ,,outdoor ,,training ,,school ,many girls think of outdoor life as of something to be enjoyed if they have plenty of time4 ,as a matter of course they take their daily bath4 ,but the outdoor exercise comes as an accessory4 ,it is still unfortunately true that boys more than girls take camp life for granted4 ,yet girls1 and students particularly1 should realize that it is economy of time to be out of doors4 ,this they need both for their work and for their health4 ,outdoor exercise1 with its bath of fresh air and the natural bath of freshly circulating blood it brings with it1 its training school for the whole girl1 is as essential as the tub or sponge bath4 ,but how many of us think of it in that way8 ,to be outdoors is to have the nerves keyed to the proper pitch4 ,if fresh air is not a tonic to the nerves1 then why is it that moodiness and depression fall away as we walk or row or lie under the trees1 and we become saner and more serene8 ,when one is depressed the best thing to do is to go out of doors4 ,altogether aside from any formal wisdom of book or student or teacher1 there is wisdom with nature4 ,if the head is tired1 go out of doors6 ,if the body is fagged1 go out of doors6 ,if the heart is troubled1 go out of doors6 ,the life out there1 as no life indoors can1 will make for health1 for charity1 for bigness4 ,petty things fall away1 and with nature equanimity and poise are found again4 ,it isn't necessary to bother someone about woes real or imaginary4 ,all that is necessary is to get out among the trees and flowers1 the sky and clouds1 the joyous birds and little creatures of field and wood1 and hear what they have to say4 ,there will be no complaining among them1 even about very real difficulties4 ,a great deal is heard concerning hygiene in these days1 the study of it1 the practice of it4 ,the biggest university of hygiene in the world is not within houses but outside1 up that hillside where the trees are blowing1 in the doorway of our tent1 on the lawn in front of the house1 out on the lake1 even on a city house-top1 and1 last resort if necessary1 by an open window4 ,one reason why many people are concerned about this question of hygiene is because they know that not only are human beings happier when they are well and strong1 but also because a healthy person is1 nine times out of ten1 more moral than one who is sick or sickly4 ,ill health means offense of some kind1 often one's own1 against the laws of nature or society4 ,we have1 too1 to pay for one another's faults4 ,but life lived on sound physical principles1 with plenty of sunshine1 cold water1 exercise1 wind1 rain1 simple food and sensible clothing1 is not likely to be sickly1 useless or burdensome4 ,illustration3 ,,bittern ,illustration3 ,,loon ,illustration3 ,,partridge ,illustration3 ,,red-,,breasted ,,merganser ,illustration3 ,,woodcock ,illustration3 ,,mallard ,the body is not a mechanism to be disregarded1 but an exquisitely made machine to be exquisitely cared for4 ,nobody would trust an engineer to run an engine he knows nothing about4 ,yet most of us are running our engines without any knowledge of the machinery4 ,why should we excuse ourselves for lack of knowledge and care when1 for the same reasons a chauffeur1 for example1 would be immediately dismissed8 ,how many of us know that the nerves are more or less dependent upon the muscles for their tone8 ,how many of us realize how important it is to keep in perfect muscular condition8 ,we sit hour after hour in our chairs1 all our muscles relaxed1 bending over books1 and begrudge one hour--it ought to be three or four6--out of doors4 ,the person who can run furthest and swiftest is the one with the strongest heart4 ,the person who can work longest and to the greatest advantage is the one who has kept his bodily health4444 ,it may be laid down as an absolute rule that any individual can do more and better work when he is well than when he is not in good physical condition4 ,ceaseless activity is the law of nature and the body that is resolutely active does not grow old as rapidly as the one that is physically indolent4 ,much out-of-door life1 much camping1 keep one young in heart1 too4 ,it isn't possible to grow old or sophisticated among such a wealth of joyous1 wholesome friendships as may be found in nature1 where no unclean word is ever heard and where no unfriendliness1 no false pride1 no jealousy can exist4 ,a great ,english poet1 ,william ,wordsworth1 has told us more of the shaping power of nature1 its quickening spirit1 its power of restoration1 than any other poet4 ,it would be well for every girl to take that wonderful poem 8,tintern ,abbey0 out of doors and read it there4 ,wordsworth1 still a very young man when he wrote it1 tells how he loved the ,welsh landscape and the tranquil restoration it had brought him 8'mid the din ,of towns and cities40 ,a higher gift he acknowledges1 too1 when through the harmony and joy of nature he had been led to see deeply 8into the life of things40 ,there is something the matter with a girl who hasn't an appetite1 as sharp as hunger1 to escape from her books and camp out of doors4 ,if outdoor life cannot engross her wholly at times1 banishing all thoughts of work1 then she should make an effort to forget books and everything connected with them for a while4 ,a young girl ought to be skillful in all sorts of outdoor accomplishments1 rowing1 swimming1 riding and driving if possible1 canoeing1 skating1 sailing a boat1 fishing1 hunting1 mountain climbing4 ,fortunately there is more of the play-spirit connected with outdoor life than there used to be4 ,both school and college have fostered this wholesome attitude4 ,if a girl doesn't like active sports she should cultivate a love for them4 ,you can always trust a person who is accomplished in physical ways1 for anyone who has led an intelligent out-of-door life is more self-reliant4 ,her faculty for doing things1 her inventiveness1 her poise1 her 8nerve0 are all strengthened4 ,i recall an instance of this 8faculty0 and inventiveness4 ,we were on a wild ,maine lake when an accident happened to the canoe1 a necessity to our return1 for we were far away from all sources of help4 ,apparently there was nothing with which to mend it4 ,but our ,indian guide found there everything he needed ready for his use4 ,he scraped gum off a tree1 he cut a piece of bark1 and then he rummaged about until he discovered an old wire4 ,with these things he securely mended a big hole4 ,oftentimes it seems as if the very appliances with which city children are provided tend to make them incapable4 ,illustration3 ,,yellowbird ,illustration3 ,,field ,,sparrow ,illustration3 ,,song ,,sparrow ,illustration3 ,,golden-,,crowned ,,thrush ,illustration3 ,,chipping ,,sparrow ,illustration3 ,,wood ,,thrush ,illustration3 ,,hermit ,,thrush ,illustration3 ,,swainson',s ,,thrush ,illustration3 ,,wilson',s ,,thrush ,illustration3 ,,ph,,be ,,bird ,illustration3 ,,scarlet ,,tanager ,illustration3 ,,maryland ,,yellowthroat ,illustration3 ,,bluebird ,illustration3 ,,wren ,illustration3 ,,blue ,,jay ,illustration3 ,,chickadee ,illustration3 ,,rubythroat ,illustration3 ,,whip-,,poor-,,will ,illustration3 ,,night ,,hawk ,illustration3 ,,screech ,,owl ,the girl who lives out of doors acquires unlimited resourcefulness4 ,outdoor life quickens and sharpens the perception4 ,and for the girl to have her power of observation sharpened is worth a great deal4 ,the capacity for accurate and quick observation education from books does not always develop4 ,one must go back to nature for that1 one must live out in the woods and fields all one can1 one must be able to tell the scent of honeysuckle from the scent of the rose1 and know the fragrance of milkweed even before that homely weed is seen1 and know spruce1 balsam and white pine even as one knows a friend4 ,eyes must be able to detect the differences not only in colors and shapes of birds1 but in their flight1 and ears know every song of wood and field4 ,then the services of beauty1 its music1 its color1 its form1 will be always about us and nature's health and strength and beauty become our own1 not only her gaiety and 8vital feelings of delight10 but also her restraint upon weakness1 and her kindling to the highest life--the life that is spiritual4 ,illustration3 ,,black ,,spruce ,illustration3 ,,balsam ,,fir ,illustration3 ,,white ,,pine ,illustration3 ,,black ,,oak ,illustration3 ,,beech ,illustration3 ,,larch ,illustration3 ,,birches ,illustration3 ,,chestnut ,illustration3 ,,horse ,,chestnut ,illustration3 ,,mountain ,,maple ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,the ,,camp ,,habit ,if there were no such thing as habit1 life would be nothing but a perpetual beginning and recommencing over and over again4 ,all that we do or think marks us with its imprint1 leaving behind it a tendency--a tendency towards repetition is the beginning of habit1 and because of it we can get the camp habit just as we can get any other habit4 ,the instinct to repeat our camping out of doors gradually grows stronger4 ,at last1 scarcely conscious of the existence of the demand1 we have come to feel that we cannot pass our holiday in any other way4 ,the first camping experience stands out in bold relief because it is new4 ,as we live into it1 its first impressions are lost4 ,and it is at this moment1 if we are made of the right stuff and have in us the right longings and needs1 that we begin to have the camp habit4 ,just as with people1 maybe we scarcely realize how much it means to us4 ,but let us stop to think about it1 let us give this good camp habit a full opportunity if we can in our lives4 ,already the camp habit has become a need1 almost an imperious demand4 ,we feel that once in so often it must be satisfied and in the splendid grip of this good habit we make way for it4 ,never let us become dull to any of its values4 ,never let us forget1 however shot with black and white it may be1 even gray at times1 the difficulties of camping may make life seem--never let us forget the treasures that it pours in upon us and the ways in which the camp habit serves us4 ,it is a sad and a great truth which perhaps women and girls have not yet fully realized1 that the whole manner of our body1 of our souls is controlled by the goodness1 or the badness of our habits1 our moral character1 our physical temperament4 ,there is a sort of natural medicine1 raising what is not good inevitably up to what is better4 ,that is what the camp habit does for us1 raising what is not healthy1 not strong1 not sane1 not joyous1 not self-reliant up to what is strong1 healthy1 joyous and full of self-control4 ,is not this alone sufficient reason for giving the camp habit once in so often full sway in our lives8 ,what better could we do than1 in order to re-establish ourselves1 to claim again the wise big relationships of out-of-doors and a thousand and one little and big friends whom we can find there8 ,bad habits are thieves1 for they take away our energies1 our abilities1 our joys4 ,and the indoor habit is a thief4 ,it shortens life1 it takes away from health1 it saps energies1 it dilutes joys1 it makes foggy heads and punky morals4 ,the sane girl will get out of doors every opportunity instead of spending her time in a hot room1 playing cards1 or eating stuff that is not fit to put into the human stomach or flirting with boys1 who if they are the right sort of boys1 would much prefer1 too1 to be out of doors4 ,good habits1 like this camp habit are benefactors1 great philanthropists2 they strengthen us and they give us more energy4 ,they increase our ability1 they multiply our joys compound interest-wise4 ,good habits are careful accountants and every day or every year as it may be1 they put the interest of strength1 of intelligence1 of joy1 in our hands to be used as we think best4 ,the camp habit wisely used1 obliges us to open our eyes and see life more truly4 ,it obliges us to lift our own weight1 take our part in things1 that part may be washing dishes or it may be turning griddle cakes1--it forces us to know ourselves better and it gives us more power to control ourselves4 ,the camp habit--get it quickly if you haven't it already--assures us of good health and success where1 for example1 the indoor habit has brought us nothing but ill health and failure4 ,it is a habit worth while getting1 isn't it8 ,a good many of us know ourselves1 such as we are1 pretty well and we feel that we do not want to know ourselves any better4 ,things are bad enough as they are4 ,yet if we can't have a more intimate knowledge of ourselves1 if we don't arrange our lives better1 if we don't plan for the future more carefully1 what are our lives likely to be like when the curtain goes down8 ,how are we ever going to take the proverbial ounce of prevention if we are not certain to a fraction what it is we must prevent8 ,camp is a splendid opportunity to think a little about those things of which we have been afraid to think4 ,it is a good opportunity to meditate1 a friendly world to which to go to know ourselves better4 ,it is an old saying that the first step towards the recovery of health is to know yourself ill4 ,in that great out-of-door world which our ,american camp life represents it is easier to find ourselves morally than it is indoors1 we get more help for one thing4 ,it is almost an instinct in great trouble or bewilderment or difficulty to escape into the out-of-door world1 to get back to earth and to ask from the great mother those counsels we hear dimly or indifferently indoors4 ,wisdom will not be found in one camp holiday or in fifty or in a lifetime even4 ,but it is rather strange1 isn't it1 that the person whom we know least is so frequently ourselves8 ,we know very well that the most learned man or woman is not the one whose head is stuffed with information1 is not necessarily the conspicuous or famous man or woman1 but is1 rather1 the human being who knows himself4 ,and this human being may be not our teacher1 but our janitor or a nurse who takes care of the baby or that fellow who seems so simple1 the guide who has our camping trip in charge4 ,indeed1 there is scarcely a class of men who seem in better control of themselves and who have a better working knowledge of themselves and others than the highest type of guide4 ,all the associations of that great out-of-door life1 its demands1 its privations1 its sudden needs1 its great silence1 its dumb creatures1 its wonderful beauty1 have taught the man of the woods a wisdom no school1 no university1 can offer merely through its curriculum4 ,we can't realize too early how well worth while that wisdom is for every girl to have4 ,not a thing of book learning1 but a power that makes one truthful with oneself1 eager to acknowledge what is bad and to change it4 ,frank1 courageous1 tried in commonplace wisdom1 and with a knowledge of other human beings4 ,there is one kind of idea--and it is worth while meditating in the woods on the leverage power of even one very little idea--that can always be found out of doors4 ,i mean a healthful idea1 the kind of thought that makes us stand straighter1 that strengthens the muscles of our backbone1 that makes us act as if we were what we wish to be4 ,there is no other force in the world that can so readily straighten out a crooked boy or a crooked girl as this same ,dr4 ,dame ,nature4 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,other ,,cleanliness ,clean8 ,of course1 we all know what cleanliness means4 ,it is not possible to drive1 to ride in a trolley1 to go on a train without being impressed with at least the advertising energy that is put into trying to get or keep the world clean4 ,dear me1 there are the ever-present1 cheerful ,gold ,dust ,twins1 well up with the times1 you may believe1 and nowadays taking to aviation4 ,their aeroplanes may not be very large1 but they are clean as gold dust can make them1 and the twins1 without any of the friction that comes from dirt1 are flying at last4 ,what's more1 intrepid as some old ,forty-,niner1 they are penetrating the camper's wilderness4 ,most of us do not want to be twins1 and we certainly do not want to be gold dusters or any other kind of dusters1 yet we should miss these jolly little youngsters4 ,and there are ,sapolio and ,sunny ,monday advertisements and ,pears' soap--have you used it8--and a dozen other kinds and goodness knows what not besides4 ,yes1 we ,americans1 and especially ,american women in the household1 know what it is to make an effort in the midst of heated1 dusty or uncared for streets to keep our houses and everything in them clean4 ,in ,pennsylvania you see the people scrubbing off white marble steps4 ,in ,new ,england they turn the hose on the outside of their white farm houses4 ,in the ,west they flood the side-walks to keep the dust and heat down4 ,and our houses8 ,well1 all houses are being built with bath tubs nowadays1 even our camps1 which is more than can be said for very good houses indeed in other countries than ,america4 ,some people think that camping is an excuse to be dirty4 ,often they are very nice people1 too1 but they keep a dirty camp4 ,they don't keep even themselves clean4 ,but there is another kind of cleanliness1 not superficial1 not that of the skin1 or of the clothes or of the cabin1 about which we are coming to think more and more deeply4 ,it is what might be called vital cleanliness1 the cleanness of stomachs1 of the intestines1 of all the vital organs4 ,we begin to realize the truth of what those most helpful of missionaries1 the health culturists1 are saying3 ,one may be clean superficially1 that is one may scrub enough and yet vitally be very far from clean4 ,we know1 although it is of the greatest assistance to keep the skin free and vigorous so that it is able to do its part of the house-cleaning work for our systems1 that vital cleanliness1 clean1 strong1 internal organs performing their work with the vigor of well-constructed engines1 uninjured by foolish clothing1 unharmed by impure food1 keen for opportunity to grow and be vigorous--we know1 ,i say that that cleanliness is more important than skin cleanliness4 ,indeed1 without such deep-seated cleanliness it is impossible for the skin to be really clean4 ,but clean how8 ,i wonder whether we are clean in the way ,i mean4 ,yes1 we are clean in our houses1 perhaps in our camps1 clean on the outsides of our bodies1 clean probably1 on the inside4 ,yet no one of these kinds of cleanliness is what ,i have in mind4 ,can any girl by the camp fire guess what it is8 ,i will not say it is more important than household cleanliness1 although it is so1--vastly more so4 ,i will not say that it is more important than bodily cleanliness1 external and internal1 yet it is so1--vastly more so4 ,i could almost say that it is more important than anything else in the world of human experience4 ,do you know what it is now8 ,it is cleanness of the mind1 cleanness of the soul1 and of that kind of purity the great outdoor world is one indivisible whole4 ,on this cleanliness of mind and soul all the vital activities of the day depend1 all the growth1 the gain1 the development4 ,it might be well said that the way we take up the sun into our bodies--and we could not live any length of time without some sun--depends upon the cleanness or uncleanness of this mind and soul of ours4 ,what we shall eat1 what we shall hear1 what we shall see1 what we shall look forward to1 what we shall care for--all these things will be according to laws as inevitable as those governing the sun and moon and stars1 valuable or worthless1 vicious or sacred1 as we feel them and we make them4 ,we dip our fingers in pitch and pick up a book4 ,what is the result8 ,any child could tell us that we ruin the book with our pitch-covered fingers4 ,we dip our minds into filth1 a nasty story1 a perverted way of looking at things which in themselves are good and of ,god's plan1 or we actually commit some ugly act ourselves and then we go out into the presence of those things which are clean1 the sunshine1 the hills1 the lakes1 the woods1 the white lives of others1 the ideals which1 it may be1 have been ours4 ,do you suppose we feel or see that sunshine1 or that we are aware any longer of the white lives of others1 that our past ideals are evident to us when our hearts and minds are no longer clean8 ,do you suppose that there is anything in nature which comes home to us in quite the beautiful way it once did1 the flowers1 the birds1 the song of the wind1 the little creatures of the wood8 ,can they ever be entirely the same8 ,no1 by an inevitable law of compensations some of the fullness of our joy in these things is gone4 ,if we want to be really happy it does not pay to think evil1 to touch evil or to commit it4 ,when our hands are dirty we know it1 and if we have been careless about them we are ashamed4 ,if people's bodies or camps are not clean it is painfully easy to know that1 too4 ,but a dirty mind1 who could ever tell anyway that we had one8 ,who could ever tell8 ,i will tell you3 ,every one knows it1 or perhaps1 better1 every one feels it4 ,if we are not good1 if our minds are not clean1 our presence in some mysterious way proclaims that fact4 ,if we have injured some one1 if we have been foul-tongued1 others will know it with no need for any one to tell them4 ,even the little rabbit we meet in the woods will not greet us in so friendly a way4 ,we need not think that because we are concealing a bad thought that it is therefore hidden4 ,no1 indeed1 it is screaming away like some ugly black crow on a spruce tip1 and there is no one within hearing distance who1 whether he wishes to or not1 does not hear what it says4 ,the mind has its plague spots even as the body1 and one has to work--because of one's environment or some inheritance which has made us not quite wholesome by nature1 or because of friends whose feelings one would not injure1 and yet who are not what they ought to be1--one has often to work to keep the mind clean4 ,but as you would flee from the plague1 run from a dirty story4 ,don't let the camp life be spoiled by anything to be regretted6 ,do not let any one touch you with it1 even with a word of it4 ,keep a thousand miles away if you can from folk who have an impure way of looking at life1 and camp is a good place to get away from such people4 ,shut your minds against them4 ,one is never called upon on the score of duty to have an unclean mind because others have it4 ,and if through some misfortune1 something that is unlovely1 unclean1 has been impressed upon you1 fight valiantly not to think of it1 to put it away from you4 ,and never forget that to rule our spirits1 to be in command of our minds1 to have them wholesome and sweet and clean as a freshly swept log cabin1 is greater than to win such victories as have come down in the records of history4 ,i remember that when ,i was a child1 ,i thought my heart was white and that every time ,i said or thought anything naughty1 ,i got a black spot on its surface4 ,i dare say that in the first place some dear old negro woman put this fable into my mind4 ,and1 dear me1 some days it seemed to me that heart of mine was more spotted than any tiger lily that ever grew in any neglected garden4 ,perhaps it was foolish to think such a thing4 ,i do not know1 ,i only know that there were times when ,i was mighty careful of that white heart of mine1--wrapping it up in a pocket handkerchief would not have satisfied my eagerness to keep it clean4 ,and what better could one wish than to go on one's holiday1 and on forever1 with the white shining heart of a child8 ,,chapter ,,xv ,,wood ,,culture ,,and ,,camp ,,health ,it is far better for the girl to be out in a wilderness world which demands all the attention of both heart and mind1 than to be leading an idle or sedentary life at home4 ,if there is one word which above all others expresses the life of the woods1 it is the word ,,wholesome4 ,it is a normal1 active1 8hard-pan0 life which takes the softness not only out of the muscles1 but also out of the thoughts and the feelings4 ,it tightens up the tendons of our bodies and the even more wonderful tendons of the mind4 ,often1 to paraphrase ,guts ,muths1 a girl is weak because it does not occur to her that she can be strong4 ,she fails to lay the foundations of health and strength which should be laid2 she fails to make the most of the energy that she has2 she fails to think of the future and how important in every way it is that she should be robust and full of an abounding vitality4 ,it is a matter of the greatest importance to the world spiritually1 morally1 physically1 that its girls should be strong4 ,to be out of doors insures abundant well-being as nothing else can4 ,the wilderness instinct1 the instinct for camping and all its out-of-door life and sports1 is the healthiest1 sanest1 and most compound-interest-paying investment a girl can make4 ,but by an intelligent approach to this life1 more can be put into it and therefore more can be taken out1 than by some blindfolded dive into its mysteries4 ,to know how to do a thing worth doing and to do it well1 is both wise and economical4 ,some of the physical aspects of our life will give all the more value because of the payment of an added attention4 ,a few simple rules for the physical side of camp life will do quite as much for the body as an orderly routine can do for the camp housekeeping4 ,simply because you are in camp1 never do anything by eating or drinking or over-strain or folly of any sort1 that is against the law of health4 ,to break the laws of health is as much a sin in camp as out of it4 ,eat an abundance of simple1 wholesome foods1 using as much cereals1 fruits1 and vegetables as you can get4 ,don't neglect the care of your teeth merely because you are in camp4 ,do not drink tea or coffee4 ,stimulants are unnatural and unwholesome2 no girl and no woman should ever touch them4 ,if you have begun to drink tea and coffee1 camp is the place to give them up once and for all time4 ,the sooner the better4 ,if you can get a cool bath in stream or pond and a rub down with a rough towel1 so much the better4 ,exercise both before and after the bath1 and be sure1 by rub down and exercise1 to get into a good glow4 ,the rub down is of especial importance1 for it stimulates all the tiny surface veins1 is gymnastics to the skin1 and frees the pores of any poisonous accumulations which they may be holding4 ,drink a glass or two of pure water when you get up and the same between meals4 ,never wear anything tight in camp or elsewhere4 ,within the circle of the waist line are vital organs which need every deep breath you can take1 every ounce of freely flowing blood you can bring to them1 every particle of room to grow you can give them4 ,the ,chinese woman who cramps her feet sins less than we who cramp our waists4 ,sleep ten or eleven hours every night4 ,study to make your body well1 strong1 and useful4 ,if you do all these things1 you need not worry about beauty2 you will possess what is of infinitely more value than a pretty face and abundant hair1 in having a sound1 wholesome body1 self-controlled1 instinct with joy1 with clean1 glowing skin1 a pleasure to yourself and to everybody else4 ,clear vital thoughts and a keener spiritual life will both be yours4 ,because of the days in the woods it will be easier to be good1 easier to be happy1 easier to do the brain work of school and college4 ,part of the title of this chapter is ,wood ,culture4 ,i have something in mind that is more than physical culture3 ,the wilderness cure1 the lesson of the woods1 a high spiritual as well as physical truth4 ,for the girl who keeps her eyes open1 here are forces at work1 mysterious1 inspiring1 wonderful1 that awake in her all the dormant worship and vision of her nature4 ,yet of physical culture in these weeks and days in the woods too much cannot be said1 for1 as the world is beginning to realize1 on one's physical health1 cleanness1 sanity1 rests much of that close-builded wonderful palace of mind and soul4 ,every squad of girl campers should have its physical culture drill1 its definite exercises1 taken at a definite time1 for ten or fifteen minutes4 ,ten or fifteen minutes are probably all that are necessary when practically the remainder of the day is spent in camp sports1 canoeing1 fishing1 climbing1 hunting and so on4 ,the object of these physical exercises should be all-around development2 the drill should be sharp and light with especial attention paid to breathing and to the standing position4 ,a steady unflagging effort should be made to correct round shoulders1 flat chests1 drooping necks1 and bad positions generally4 ,many and varied are the exercises taught in school and college1--exercises to which all girls have access4 ,i make no apologies for suggesting a few of the simplest by means of which any squad of girl campers can make a beginning in physical culture4 7#a7 ,from attention 7hands on hips71 place the palms of the hands flat on the ground1 keeping knees straight4 ,then bring arms up above head4 ,do this eight times4 7#b7 ,with hands on the hips and the hips as a socket1 rotate the whole trunk first five times in one direction1 then five times in the opposite1 being sure that the head follows the line of the rotating trunk4 ,the difficulty of this exercise can be increased by placing hands clasped behind the head1 and then later over the head4 ,but the exercise should be undertaken first with the hands on the hips4 7#c7 ,in between each exercise take deep breathing for a few seconds1 rising on the toes as you inhale and lowering as you exhale4 7#d7 ,stand with the feet apart and arms horizontal4 ,without bending the knee place the right fist on the ground next to the instep of your left foot4 ,then raise the body and reverse1 placing the left fist on the ground next to the right instep4 7#e7 ,after this some free exercises with the arms1 taken with the head well up1 chest out1 and shoulders back1 make a good1 sharp light finale4 ,these exercises repeated several times make an excellent beginning for any day1 either in or out of camp4 ,you may unfortunately be going through a state of mind1 when clean skin1 good lungs and digestion1 seem to you negligible factors in life4 ,how tragically important these factors are1 be sure you do not realize too late1 when both body and soul1 health and morals1 have been undermined4 ,most girls need to look upon camp life as an incomparably rich opportunity to gain in an all-round physical development4 ,the life itself1 aside from its possible physical culture exercises and its sports of rowing1 paddling1 swimming1 climbing and walking1 is the big architect of a splendid substructure for health4 ,by taking thought1 refusing to eat greasy1 unwholesome food1 getting plenty of sleep1 avoiding over-strain1 taking corrective exercises1 cool baths and rub downs1 there is no better health builder than the wilderness life4 ,a wise ,danish man said that 8,he who does not take care of his body1 neglects it1 and thereby sins against nature2 she knows no forgiveness of sin1 but revenges herself with mathematical certainty40 ,in the woods nature keeps reminding you of this fact1 and you are never allowed to forget it for any length of time4 ,it is only sensible to care for one's health4 ,it is not necessarily old maidish or silly to take precautions that the camp health should be at its zenith all the time4 ,no one would think of criticising a man for being particularly careful of his horses under new conditions4 ,this is precisely what we should be for ourselves4 ,your thorough-paced sportsman is always regardful of his physical condition4 ,i have spoken about the drinking of pure water1 the care of food1 the folly of taking great risks1 and of other details4 ,there are more factors1 as well1 which will be at work in obtaining and maintaining good health conditions4 ,the right sort of underclothing--and women seldom wear suitable underwear--should be worn4 ,it should be high necked1 with shoulder caps and knee caps1 and should be of linen mesh4 ,every girl who is in fit condition should see that each day has a brief period at least of hard1 warm1 strenuous work in it4 ,a sweat once a day1 with a proper rub down afterwards1 is one of the best health makers on record4 ,in 8,by the sweat of thy brow shalt thou labor0 was enunciated one of the greatest of natural laws4 ,if it were possible for each one of us to sweat once a day1 we should scarcely ever know what sickness is4 ,but our over-refined civilization makes even the use of the word an offence to certain middle class people who care more for the so-called propriety 7they are the folk who say 8soiled0 handkerchief instead of dirty1 and 8stomach0 when they mean belly1 and yet are ready to use such a detestably vulgar word1 straight out of the mouths of the lowest classes of immigrants1 as 8spiel07 of what is said than for its truth and strength4 ,lay it down1 then1 that one of the first of the camp health rules is a sweating every day4 ,third among the camp rules is to keep the bowels open4 ,do you know what one of ,abraham ,lincoln's mottoes for life was8 8,fear ,god and keep your bowels open10 and in this saying there is no irreverence whatsoever1 nor any sacrilege1 but only a profound common sense that is a credit both to the ,maker and the great man who spoke the words4 ,cascara is the best and safest laxative for a girl to use in camp4 ,it should be bought in the purest tablets or liquid form on the market1 and all patent cascara nostrums should be avoided4#g #g ,if there is a privy in the camp great care should be taken that1 for every reason1 it is placed at a sufficient distance from cabins and tents4 ,it should not be placed on a slope that could possibly drain off into any water supply4 ,an abundance of ashes should always be kept within the privy and no water of any kind be poured into the box4 ,a few cans of chloride of lime should1 if possible1 be kept on hand2 and one can opened and in use in the closet4 ,chambers and slop pails should not be emptied in the immediate vicinity of the cabins but at some distance and in different localities4 ,there is no greater abomination on the face of the earth than a dirty camp1 and no place which so thoroughly tests one's love of order1 decency and cleanliness4 ,if you are following the trail and go into 8stocked0 camps for the night1 shake and air the blankets thoroughly1 and1 out of courtesy to those who will follow you in their use1 shake and air the blankets when you get out of them in the morning4 ,if a girl is delicate or under the weather in any way1 she must take more than the ordinary care of herself or she may have a head-on collision with out-and-out illness4 ,the new mode of living1 the various kinds of exposure--especially to wet weather--1 the larger quantities of food eaten because of an appetite stimulated by the vigorous outdoor life1 the temptation to overdoing--all these possibilities should be kept in mind and avoided as dangers4 ,don't be silly about overdoing4 ,harden yourself slowly for the life2 avoid competition4 ,it is far better to have lived your camp life successfully and to have come out of it fresh and vigorous1 than it is to have done a few 8stunts0 and have come out of it fagged1 overstrained and ill4 ,it is well the first days of camp life to try to eat less than you want2 by this act of self-control you will avoid the plague of constipation which follows so many campers4 ,moderate eating will mean more sleep1 too4 ,abundant water drinking and a few grains of cascara should be able to remedy all the ills to which camp flesh is heir4 ,as a girl takes thought about this care and culture of the body1 making herself clean within and without1 higher lessons and perfections1 both of the mind and of the soul will come to her as inevitably as the earth answers to the touch of rain and sun4 ,do you want to be happy8 ,very well then1 learn in the woods to be well1 consider the laws of health1 and remember first1 last1 and always that good health1 not money or position or fame or any shallow beauty of feature1 is the greatest and soundest security for happiness4 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,wilderness ,,silence ,most friendships among girls1 and older people1 too1 suggest that if there is one thing which is hated1 it is silence4 ,if silence does happen to get in among us in camp1 how uneasy we are6 ,after an awkward pause we all begin to talk at once1--any1 every topic will serve to break the hush which has fallen upon us4 ,and if we don't succeed in getting rid of this silence--something apparently to be regarded as unfriendly and ominous--we make excuse to do something and do it4 ,but of silence ,maurice ,maeterlinck1 the great ,belgian author of 8,the ,bluebird0 and of many other plays1 too1 says that we talk only in the hours in which we do not live or do not wish to know our friends or feel ourselves at a great distance from reality4 ,but where do we live more truly than in our camp life8 ,then he goes on to say what ,i think is equally true3 ,that we are very jealous of silence1 for even the most imprudent among us will not be silent with the first comer1 some instinct telling us that it is dangerous to be silent with one whom we do not wish to know or for whom we do not care or do not trust4 ,let us admit at the very beginning that one does well to be on one's guard with the people with whom one does not care to be silent1--but one does not go camping with those people1--or1 as the case may be1 if we1 ourselves1 have a guilty conscience or an empty head much talking serves its ends4 ,and there is another situation in which it seems almost impossible to be silent4 ,there is someone for whom we have cared very much4 ,things have changed1 there has been a misunderstanding1 we have altered or someone else has made trouble between us4 ,and the first thing we notice is that we no longer dare to be silent together4 ,speech must be made to cover up our common lack of sympathy4 ,we talk1 how we talk1--anything1 everything6 ,even when we are happy we run to places where there is no silence1 but now1 if only we can be as noisy as children and avoid the truth of the sad thing which has happened to us6 ,again1 let us admit at once that there are different kinds of silence3 ,there is a bitter silence which is the silence of hate1 and another which is that of evil thoughts1 and a hostile silence1 and a silence which may mean the beginning of a storm or a fierce warfare4 ,but the only silence worth having is friendly and it is of that we need to think1 and it is that we can have by the camp fire in our wilderness life4 ,isn't it true after all that the question which most of us ought to ask ourselves seriously is not how many times we have talked but how many times we have been silent4 ,sometimes one wonders whether we are ever still and whether if we are to be silent1 it is not a lesson which must be learned all over again4 ,how many times have we talked in a single day8 ,we can't tell1 for the number of times is so great that we can't count them4 ,and the times we have been silent8 ,and ,i don't mean how many times we have said nothing4 ,to say nothing is not necessarily to be silent4 ,well1 we can't count the times we have been silent either1 but that is because we haven't been still at all4 ,yet there is a big life in which there is no speech and no need of it4 ,are we never to give ourselves a chance to live that8 ,do you remember your first great silence8 ,was it going away from someone you loved8 ,perhaps it was a joyous visit to your grandmother or to an aunt or to see a friend1 but it meant leaving your mother and you had never left her before4 ,or maybe it was your first year at boarding school or your freshman year at college4 ,do you remember the silence that came over you then and all that filled it8 ,and do you remember how it wore away but gradually--that grip the stillness had within you and upon you8 ,you know now that that first silence will never be forgotten4 ,or was it a return to those you loved and you realized as never before how incomparably dear these people were to you and that only silence could express that dearness8 ,or was it the silence of a crowd--awe inspiring silence which foretells the acclaim of some great event of happiness or a cry of woe8 ,or the silence of the wilderness as you looked down from a mountain side into some great valley of lakes8 ,or was it the death of someone you loved1 and the silence that overcame you forced you not only to suffer as never before but also to think as you have never done about the meaning of life8 ,in that first great silence how many things that are precious revealed themselves to us4 ,there was love2 we did not realize how it was woven into every fibre of our lives2 there was companionship2 we did not realize how bitterly hard it would be to forego it2 there was new experience2 till it came we could not have known how much a part of our lives the old experience was4 ,how many things in us that had been asleep were suddenly awakened6 ,how much was that great silence worth to us then and now8 ,perhaps an unhappy or stricken silence we called it then2 but even if it meant death or separation was it after all completely unhappy8 ,have we taken into account the wealth of conviction1 of deepened experience1 of increased love it brought us8 ,could anything so rich be in any true sense unhappy8 8,silence1 the ,great ,empire of ,silence10 cried ,carlyle1 8higher than the stars1 deeper than the ,kingdom of ,death40 ,the world needs silent men but even more1 ,i think1 does it need silent women4 ,carlyle--and you should get what you can of his books and read them--calls silent men the salt of the earth4 ,might not silent women or silent girls be called double salt8 ,he says that the world without such men is like a tree without roots4 ,to such a tree there will be no leaves and no shade2 to such a tree there will be no growth2 a tree without roots cannot hold the moisture that is in the earth and it will soon fade1 soon dry up and let everything else around it dry up1 too4 ,have you not heard women and girls with an incessant silly giggle or a titter or a laugh that meant just nothing at all and yet which was heard1 like the dry rattle of the locust1 morning1 noon and night8 ,nervousness partially2 empty-headedness maybe1 or a mistaken idea of what is attractive4 ,silliness of that kind has no place in camp4 ,nothing is more wearying1 more lacking in self-control than such a manner1 nothing so exhausts other people4 ,such giggling or laughing or silly talking is to the mind what ,st4 ,vitus's dance is to the body--an affliction to be endured perhaps but certainly not an attraction and not to be cultivated4 ,is it not silence that opens the door to our best work8 ,how about that work you enjoyed so much and did so well8 ,how did you prepare for that8 ,yes1 ,i know all about the work you bluffed through and even managed to get a high record in1 but that work you really enjoyed1 how was that done8 ,is it not silence1 too1 that opens the door to our dearest and deepest companionships1 our profoundest sorrows1 our greatest joys8 ,anyway this wilderness silence is all worth while thinking about1 is it not8 ,why should this great silence1 this friendly wilderness power be considered anti-social8 ,really1 is it not most social8 ,does it not bring us all nearer together1 sometimes even when we are afraid to be nearer to one another8 ,does it not make us all equal1 making us aware of those profound things in life which we all have in common8 ,silence can say1 can teach1 what speech can never1 to the end of the world1 learn to express4 ,it is safe to say that as soon as most lips are silent1 then and then only do the thoughts and the soul begin to live1 to grow1 to become something of what they are destined to be1 for as ,maeterlinck says1 silence ripens the fruits of the soul4 ,never think that it is unsociable people or people who don't know how to talk who set such a value on silence4 ,no1 it is those who are able to talk best and most deeply1 think best and most deeply1 who1 following the long trail1 recognize the fact that words can never after all express those truths which are among us--no1 neither love1 nor death1 nor any great joy1 nor destiny can ever be expressed by word of mouth1 by speech4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,homemade ,,camping ,it was our second day in camp1--a camp on the edge of the ,maine wilderness4 ,around us were many lakes--ponds as the natives call them--,moosehead1 ,upper ,wilson1 ,lower ,wilson1 ,little ,wilson1 ,trout ,pond1 ,horse-shoe ,pond1 and a dozen others4 ,about us on all sides were the forest-covered mountains1 and burning fiercely1 twenty miles distant1 a large forest fire which filled the horizon with dense1 yellow smoke4 ,from our camp1 consisting of a red shanty1 a log cabin in which ,i am now sitting1 my dog beside me1 thinking what ,i shall say to you about a remarkable family ,i saw1 and1 looking up at the cabin ceiling1 its log ridge-pole and supports between which are birch bark cuts of trout and salmon caught in the lakes1 of which ,i have spoken--from our camp we look out and down on a wonderful view4 ,immediately in front of the log cabin is a meadow1 the last on the edge of this wilderness1 then the serrated line of pointed firs1 which marks the edge of the woods at the foot of the meadow4 ,beyond this line miles of tree-tops1 pines1 birches1 maples1 beeches1 after that the shining lakes1 and beyond them the mountains4 ,there is not a house in sight4 ,for that matter there is no house to be seen1 not even a log cabin4 ,as was said1 there is a meadow in front of the cabin1 and over to the right beyond our view are two other meadows4 ,in ,maine--as far north as this1 anyway--the farmers have only one crop of hay1 and1 when there is so much forest1 and the winter is long1 and cattle are to be fed1 every meadow has to be counted upon for all it will bear of hay4 ,it was a foregone conclusion that somebody would need and use the crop from the meadow down upon which my cabin looked4 ,and1 sure enough1 the second day we were in camp1 along the road bumping and thumping over the big stones came a large hay wagon3 behind it1 rattling and jarring1 a mowing machine and hay rake4 ,but that hay wagon1 what didn't it hold8 ,in the first place1 there was the driver1 then a big packing box1 a tent rolled up1 sacks of feed for the horses1 a baby's perambulator1 three children1 a woman1 a hammock1 a long bench1 some chairs1 including a rocking chair1 and several small boxes1 packed to overflowing with articles of various kinds4 ,for an instant it looked as if they were house-moving1 and then1 recollecting that there was no house to which to move1 ,i came to the conclusion that they were merely haying4 ,i watched them spread the big tent-fly and make it fast4 ,i saw them take out the large packing box1 converting that into a table1 on which some of the children put flowers in an old bottle2 ,i watched them set out the bench and chairs1 swing the hammock1 lay the improvised table with the enamel dishes which they took from the little boxes1 and1 in general1 make themselves comfortable4 ,the children had pails for berries1 and they began to pick berries in a business-like fashion4 ,the woman sat in the hammock and took care of the baby--oh1 ,i forgot to mention the baby4 ,the farmer and his lad hitched and unhitched the horses1 starting within a few minutes to work with the mowing machine1 and leaving two of the horses tethered to a tree4 ,evidently this was work and a picnic combined--to me a new way of getting in your hay crop4 ,but the more ,i watched it and thought about it the more ,i liked it4 ,and their dinner with the berries as dessert--well1 ,i knew just how good1 there in the sunshine1 with appetites sharpened by work1 it must taste to them all4 ,inside the cottage shanty of our camp1 one member of the household1 at least1 had been doing her work in quite a different spirit4 ,it seemed to me that there was nothing which this cook1 a large1 robust woman1 with an arm with the strength of five1 had not found fault with and made the worst of4 ,her first groan was heard in the morning at six o'clock--in getting up myself to go to my writing table ,i had cruelly awakened her--and1 of course1 as she went to bed only half after seven the night before1 she had been robbed of her necessary sleep4 ,as ,i say1 ,i heard her first groan--the sun was shining gloriously1 and ,i had already had a sun bath and a cold sponge and my morning exercises--while she continued to lie in bed and to make every subsequent groan until after seven o'clock fully audible4 ,she began that beautiful day and its work in resisting everything4 ,she had never been in such a place before1 and a very nice convenient camp we1 ourselves1 thought it4 ,she groaned while she pumped water--,i do not know whether she or the pump made the more noise4 ,she complained loudly because of the mice4 ,oh1 no1 she could not set a mouse trap3 she had never done such a thing before6 ,and then1 when we got a cat1 she complained because of the noise the cat made in catching the mice4 ,i do not know precisely what kind of a cat she expected1 possibly a noiseless1 rubber-tired cat1 that would catch noiseless1 rubber-tired mice4 ,she would not carry water--even a two-quart pail full--her back was not strong enough4 ,she had never seen such dishes as these we were using1 nice1 clean enamel ware dishes1 with blue borders4 ,she had never heard of such a thing as hanging milk and butter in a well to keep them cool4 ,dear me1 she never even thought of going to such a place where they did not have ice that would automatically cool everything1 and which the ice-man kindly handed to her in pieces just the size which she preferred4 ,she said the spring--a beautiful spring whose waters are renowned for their purity and healthfulness much as the waters of ,poland ,spring are--she said that the spring had pollywogs in it and frogs4 ,she could not string a clothes-line1 but stood in tears near the big trunk of a balsam fir1 holding the line helplessly in her hands and looking up to the branch not more than two inches above her head4 ,while one of us flung the end of the clothes-line over the branch and made it fast to another she remarked with contempt1 sniffing up her tears1 that it was not a clothes-line1 anyway1 which was perfectly true1 for it was only a boat cord1 but it did quite as well4 ,when she walked down from the meadow1 that glorious golden meadow1 where the happy family was picnicking and hay-making at the same time1 and through which wound a little path down to the spring's edge1 she lifted her skirts as if she were afraid they might be contaminated by the touch of that clean1 sweet-smelling1 long grass4 ,still groaning she would fetch about a quart of water4 ,and groaning1 still groaning1 she went to bed at night 8half-dead10 as she expressed it1 as the result of about five hours of work1 in which she was all the time helped by somebody else4 ,of course she was 8half-dead40 ,it is a wonder to me now1 as ,i think of it1 that she did not die altogether4 ,instead of taking things as they were in the sun-filled day1 with its keen1 crisp air1 its wonderful view1 instead of feeling something of the beauty and health and sun and wind-swept cleanness of it all1 she had resisted every detail of the day1 every part of her work1 she had1 in short1 found fault with everything4 ,this day1 that would have seemed so joyous to some people1 had not meant to her an opportunity to make the best of things and to be grateful for the long sleep1 the sunshine1 the invigorating air1 the beauty1 the light work1 but merely a chance to make the worst of things1 to throw herself against every demand made upon her4 ,out in front of the cabin the farmer swept round and round with his mowing machine1 his big1 glossy horses glistening in the sunshine1 the sharp teeth of the machine laying the grass in a wide swath behind him4 ,he seemed peaceful and contented1 although it was warm out in the direct sunlight1 and the brakes were heavy and the horses needed constant guiding4 ,down below1 nearer the spring1 his wife swung in the hammock1 and the children picked berries1 fetched water1 and were gleefully busy4 ,it was a scene of simple contentment with life4 ,when the father came back for his dinner1 which was eaten under the spread of a tent-fly and from the top of a packing box1 decorated in the center with flowers and around the edges by contented faces1 ,i said to him3 8,you seem to be having a jolly time40 8,why1 yes1 so we are10 was his reply4 8,i offered the folks who own this meadow such a small sum of money for the hay crop ,i didn't think ,i'd get it4 ,i thought some one else was sure to offer them more1 but ,i guess they didn't1 for ,i got it4 ,you see1 it's pretty far away from my farm to come out here haying40 8,and so you make a picnic of it80 8,yes1 we are making a picnic of it4 ,the children like it4 ,it's great fun for them1 and it gives my wife1 who isn't very strong1 a chance to rest and be out of doors4 ,i enjoy it1 too4 ,i like to see them have a good time40 8,well10 ,i said1 before ,i realized ,i was taking him into my confidence1 8,i wish you could make our camp cook see your point of view40 8,why1 don't she like it80 he asked innocently4 8,like it8 ,i am afraid she doesn't4 ,the other day it rained and leaked in through the kitchen roof onto her ironing board1 and when we found her she had her head on the board and was crying40 8,well1 that's too bad10 he said4 8,why didn't she take that board out of the way of the leak8 ,we don't mind a little thing like a leak around here1 especially when folks are camping4 ,having her feel that way must make a difference in your pleasure4 ,well1 there is ways of taking work4 ,now1 probably1 she's throwing herself against her work1 and making it harder all the time40 8,that's exactly what she is doing10 ,i commented dryly4 8,it's a pity40 ,there was sympathy in his voice4 8,for it's such a lot easier to make a picnic out of what you are doing--homemade camping1 we call this4 ,my folks always feel that way about it4 ,even the hardest work is easier for taking it the right end to4 ,my children are growing up to think1 what it doesn't hurt any man to think1 that work is the best fun1 after all4 ,it's the only thing you never get tired of1 for there is always something more to do40 ,,chapter ,,xviii ,,the ,,canoe ,,and ,,fishing ,it was my somewhat tempered good fortune1 several years ago1 to spend two or three weeks in an exceedingly bleak place on a far northern coast4 ,the only genial element about this barren spot was its sea captains1 and whence they drew their geniality heaven only knows4 ,they made me think of nothing so much as of the warm lichen which sometimes flourishes upon cold rocks4 ,there strayed into this neighborhood a couple of canoes4 8,waal10 exclaimed one of the old salts1 viewing this water craft skeptically1 8it's the nearest next to nothing of anything ,i have ever heard tell on40 ,and that is precisely what the canoe is3 the nearest next to nothing in water craft which you can imagine4 ,it is in precisely this nothingness that its charm lies1 its lightness1 its grace1 its friskiness1 its strength1 its motion1 its adaptability to circumstances4 ,there are times when it acts like a demon1 and there are other times when its intelligence is almost uncanny4 ,the canoe is always high spirited1 and1 with high-spirited things1 whether they be horseflesh or canoe1 it does not do to trifle4 ,the girl who expects to take liberties with the canoe has some dreadful1 if not fatal1 experiences ahead of her4 ,several years ago ,i was out in a motor boat with some friends4 ,two of them had been1 or were1 connected with the ,united ,states ,navy2 another was my sister1 and a fourth was a college friend4 ,my friend happened to see a pistol lying on a seat near her4 ,she had never had anything to do with pistols1 and1 on some insane impulse of the moment1 she picked it up and leveled it at me4 ,i was stunned1 but not so the men on the boat4 ,such a shout of rage and indignation1 such a leap to seize the pistol1 and such a rebuke1 ,i have never been witness to before4 ,these men were navy men1 and they knew how criminally foolish it is to fool with what may bring disaster4 ,it is those who know the canoe best and are best able to handle it1 who are most cautious in its use4 ,those of you who expect to treat it as you might the family horse would do well to look out4 ,the canvas-covered cedar canoe is the best4 ,if you are going to take a lot of duffle with you1 the canoes will have to be longer than you need otherwise have them3 about eighteen feet1 and only two people to a canoe4 ,the canoe will cost you from twenty-five dollars up1 and this item does not include the paddle4 ,the paddle should be bought exactly your own height2 it will then be an ideal length for paddling4 ,its cost will be a little more or a little less than a dollar and a half4 ,you should have a large sponge1 tied to a string1 on one of the thwarts4 ,this you will use for bailing when necessary4 ,if you have had any experience with a canoe1 you will not abuse it1 and will not need to be told not to abuse it4 ,if it is a light one1 and you are a strong girl1 you should learn to carry it ,micmac fashion on the paddle blades1 a sweater over your shoulders to serve as cushion4 ,watch a woodsman and see the way he handles a canoe4 ,one of the very first things you will observe is that he never drags it about1 but lifts it clean off the ground by the thwarts1 holding the concave side toward him4 ,also1 you should observe his soft-footed movements when he is stepping into a canoe4 ,if a canoe is not in use it should be turned upside down4 ,never neglect your canoe1 for a small puncture in it is like the proverbial small hole in a dike4 ,if you let it go1 you will have a heavy1 water-soaked craft or a swamped one4 ,water soaking turns a seemingly intelligent1 high-spirited canoe1 capable of answering to your least wish or touch1 into the most lunk-headed thing imaginable1 a thing so stupid and so dead and so obstinate1 that life with it becomes a burden4 ,remember that the wounds in your canoe need quite as much attention as your own would4 ,the balance of a canoe is a ticklish thing4 ,to the novice1 the day when she can paddle through stiff water while she trolls with a rod under her knee and lands a two- or three-pound salmon unaided1 seems far off4 ,i am by no means a past-master in the art of canoeing1 yet ,i have often done this1 and am no longer troubled by the question of balance in a canoe4 ,so much for encouragement6 ,most of an art lies1 granting the initial gift for it1 in custom or habit4 ,make yourself familiar with the traits of your canoe1 work hard to learn everything you should know about it1 and your lesson will soon be learned4 ,when you are going to get into it1 have your canoe securely beside a landing1 and then step carefully into the center and middle4 ,bring the second foot after the first only when you are sure that you have your balance4 ,the next thing is to sit down4 ,be certain that it is not in the water4 ,the only satisfactory recipe for this delicate act is to do it4 ,no girl should step into a canoe for the first time without some one at the bow to steady it4 ,very quickly you will learn clever ways of using your paddle to help in keeping the balance4 ,until you do1 you can't be too careful1 or too careful that others should be careful4 ,take no chances in a canoe4 ,if any are taken for you1 hang on to your paddle4 ,it is well to have an inflatable life-preserver1 but1 best of all1 is it to know how to swim4 ,never move around in a canoe1 or turn quickly to look over your shoulder4 ,a canoe is a long-suffering thing1 but once 8riled0 and its mind made up to capsize1 heaven and earth cannot prevent that consummation and your ducking or even drowning4 ,illustration3 ,,brook ,,trout ,illustration3 ,,rainbow ,,trout ,illustration3 ,,small-,,mouth ,,bass ,illustration3 ,,brown ,,trout ,illustration3 ,,rock-,,bass ,illustration3 ,,white ,,bass ,illustration3 ,,sheepshead ,illustration3 ,,yellow ,,perch ,illustration3 ,,pike ,illustration3 ,,pike ,,perch ,illustration3 ,,pickerel ,illustration3 ,,catfish ,become skillful in the use of the paddle1 and the best way to learn is through some one who knows how4 ,paddling is an art and a very delightful one1 requiring much skill of touch and strength4 ,although as a girl ,i cared most for rowing1 ,i have in the last ten years become so devoted to the paddle stroke1 to its motion and touch and efficiency1 that rowing only bores me4 ,get some one1 a brother1 a father1 a friend1 a guide1 to teach you the rudiments of paddling4 ,these once learned1 canoeing is as safe as bicycling and not more difficult4 ,it is all in learning how4 ,illustration3 ,,rod4 ,illustration3 ,,hooks4 ,illustration3 ,,simple ,,winch ,,reel4 ,illustration3 ,,trout ,,fly4 ,illustration3 ,,trolling ,,spoons4 ,the writer is an old-fashioned fisherwoman and goes light with tackle4 ,however1 ,i have noticed that the simplicity of fishing tackle does not in the least interfere with luck4 ,if you are going to fish with worm1 hook1 and sinker1 you will need no advice4 ,perch1 pickerel1 black bass1 cat-fish1 and others to be caught in still fishing1 will be your quarry4 ,as a rule you will troll for pickerel and pike1 and there is no sport more pleasant in the world than that which is to be had at the end of a trolling spoon3 the motion of the boat1 the vibration of the line1 the spinning of the spoon1 and then the sudden strike1 with all its possibilities for taking in big fish4 ,i defy anyone to have a more exciting time than netting a salmon from a trolling line and landing it successfully in a canoe4 ,but this is not a thing to be attempted by the novice4 ,much better let the salmon go and save yourself a ducking4 ,the finest art of all fishing is fly-fishing4 ,one either does or does not take to it naturally1 after one has been taught something of the art by brother1 father1 or guide4 ,alas1 that the fish greediness of campers is making good fly-fishing1 even in the wilderness1 more and more difficult to get6 ,personally1 if ,i am after trout or salmon1 8plugging0 or 8bating10 as it is called1 seems to me an unpardonably coarse and stupid sport4 ,yet our lakes have been so abused by this process that fly-fishing is frequently impossible4 ,to sit or stand in a canoe1 casting your line1 the canoe taking every flex of your wrist2 to see the bright flies1 ,parmachenee ,belle or ,silver ,doctor--or whatever fly suits that part of the country in which you are camping--alight on the surface as if gifted with veritable life1 and then to be conscious of the rush1 the strike1 and to see a rainbow trout whirling off with your silken line1 is to experience an incomparable pleasure4 ,to have a strike while the twilight is coming on1 a big fellow1 with the line spinning off your reel as if it would never stop1 to see your salmon leap into the air and strike the water1 to reel him in1 then plunge6 and down1 down he goes2 to feel the twilight deepening as you try to get him in closer to the canoe again2 to know suddenly that it is dark and that the hours are going by2 to feel your wrist aching1 your body tense with excitement2 to think that you are just tiring him out1 that you have almost got him--almost1 then a rush1 a plunge1 the line slackens in your hand1 and he is gone4 ,that is fisherman's luck1 and great luck it is1 even when the fish is lost4 ,illustration3 ,,rod ,,case4 ,illustration3 ,,felt-,,lined ,,leader ,,box4 ,illustration3 ,,case ,,for ,,tackle4 ,illustration3 ,,landing ,,net4 ,illustration3 ,,creel4 ,only a few words about fishing tackle4 ,have a good rod or two1 but don't begin your experience at fishing with expensive tackle4 ,the cheaper rod will do quite as well until you learn what you want4 ,for trolling the best rod is a short steel one4 ,for fly-fishing you will always use split bamboo or some similar wood4 ,you will have accidents1 so have reserve tackle to fall back upon4 ,in any event do not buy a heavy rod1 and never buy anything with a steel core in it4 ,if you can afford it1 get a first-class reel1 one that works easily and is of simple mechanism4 ,a simple winch reel is the best4 ,avoid patented contraptions4 ,while you are using them hang your rods up by the tips4 ,in any event keep them dry and in as good condition as possible4 ,enameled silk line you must have for all trout fishing4 ,for other kinds of fishing it does not so much matter what you do use1 provided the line is strong and durable4 ,be sure to have extra lines to fall back on4 ,illustration3 ,,angling ,,knots4 ,leaders1 the details about flies to be used1 their color1 angling knots made in fastening leaders or line or fly1 methods for keeping your flies in good order and condition1 the use of the landing net1 necessary repairs to be made1 the skill of the wrist in casting1 the best sort of trolling1 the care of fish1 all these things will come to you through experience1 and all suggest how much1 how delightfully much1 there is to be learned in the best of all sports4 ,go to some first-rate sporting goods' house for your flies2 they will tell you what kinds you need1 as well as answer other questions4 ,,chapter ,,xix ,,the ,,trail ,a girl who has learned to camp will not only have her own pleasures greatly increased1 but she will also add to those of her friends1 becoming a better companion for her chums1 her father1 her brother2 for camping1 if it is anything1 is a social art4 ,it is far better for a girl to be out in the world which demands all of one's attention1 one's eyes and ears and nose and feet and hands and every muscle of the entire body1 than to be leading a sedentary life at home1 or analyzing emotions or sentimentalizing about things not worth while4 ,the big moose which unexpectedly plunges by provides enough emotions to last a long time2 the land-locked salmon that threatens to snap the silken line1 enough excitement4 ,you can't learn all that there is to be learned in the school of the woods through one camping expedition4 ,it would be rather poor sport if you could4 ,don't be afraid to ask questions about what you don't know4 ,keep on asking them until you are wood-cultivated4 ,the wilderness is your opportunity to make up for those vitally interesting facts about life which are not taught in schools4 ,above all1 have a map of the country in which you are1 and study it4 ,keep that map by you as if it were ,fidus ,achates himself1 and refer to it whenever there is need4 ,the girl or woman in camp who never knows where she is is a bore1 sponging upon the good-nature and intelligence of others who have taken the trouble to familiarize themselves with the lie of the land4 ,such a girl never makes any plans1 never takes the initiative1 never gives anyone a sense of rest from responsibility4 ,there are girls and older women who think it rather clever to be unable to tell east from west1 north from south4 ,i may say here that in camp they belong to the same class of foolish incompetents who in college boast that they cannot spell--presumably because they are devoting themselves to a much higher call upon their intelligence than anything so superficial as spelling6 ,if camping means anything in the world1 it means coperation1 and this coperation should be all along the line4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,dipper4 ,if you have an innate sense of direction1 train it4 ,if you have none1 do not venture out into the wilderness except with someone who has4 ,always tell people where you are going4 ,if you are not familiar with the use of a rifle you would better have a shrill whistle or a tin horn to use in case you want to summon anyone4 ,sun and wind should be part of your compass2 the trees1 too4 ,you will1 of course1 learn how to blaze a trail1 and the sooner you do this the better1 for it is good training in following out a point of the compass4 ,the wilderness is full of signs of direction for your use1 some of which are certain to be serviceable at different times1 and some of which will not prove dependable4 ,the sun rises in the east and sets in the west4 ,at high noon of a ,september day1 if you turn your back squarely to the sun1 you will be looking directly north4 ,the wind is a helper1 too4 ,when the sun rises1 notice the direction of the wind1 and1 while it does not shift1 it will prove a good compass or guide4 ,if it is very light1 wet the finger and hold it up4 ,by doing this the wind will serve you as a compass4 ,remember1 also1 that the two lowest stars of the ,big ,dipper point toward the ,north ,star1 which is always a guide to be used in charting a wilderness way4 ,also on the north sides of trees there is greater thickness to the bark and more moss4 ,this is1 ,i suppose1 because the trees1 being unexposed to the sunlight on the north side1 retain the moisture longer there4 ,some say1 too1 that the very topmost finger of an evergreen points toward the north4 ,even in civilization they usually do4 ,to become familiar with a compass is a very simple matter4 ,every boy learns this lesson1 and there is no reason why girls should not do the same4 ,never buy a cheap compass2 it is not to be relied upon4 ,to the amateur in the woods a good one is not a friend at which to scoff4 ,a few expeditions out behind the cabin will teach you all you need to know about its use4 ,if by some miscalculation a girl should get lost1 let her realize then that the great demand is that she shall keep her head on her shoulders1 where it has been placed1 and where she will need to make use of it4 ,let her sit down and think1 reviewing all that has happened1 and trying to solve the problem of what she is to do4 ,a panic is the last and worst thing in which she can afford to indulge4 ,to most people at some time or other comes the conviction that they are lost--a conviction happily dispelled in nine hundred and ninety-nine cases out of a thousand4 ,in this1 as in everything1 a miss is as good as a mile1 and one does well to make light of unavoidable mistakes4 ,illustration3 ,,fawn ,illustration3 ,,doe ,illustration3 ,,buck ,illustration3 ,,caribou ,illustration3 ,,moose ,if1 by any chance1 you should be lost1 don't run around4 ,if you have no compass or if darkness is coming on1 settle down where you are4 ,devote your energies to occasional periods of shouting and to building a camp fire1 keep your body warm and dry and your head cool4 ,you will be found4 ,and remember that there are no wild creatures to be feared in our camping wilderness4 ,you have nothing of which to be afraid except your own lack of common sense4 ,here is a chance for your 8nerve0 to show itself4 ,illustration3 ,,red ,,squirrel ,illustration3 ,,flying ,,squirrel ,illustration3 ,,gray ,,squirrel ,illustration3 ,,rabbit ,illustration3 ,,american ,,sable ,illustration3 ,,chipmunk ,illustration3 ,,weasel ,illustration3 ,,mink ,illustration3 ,,raccoon ,illustration3 ,,black ,,bear ,illustration3 ,,porcupine ,illustration3 ,,skunk ,illustration3 ,,woodchuck ,illustration3 ,,red ,,fox ,as you go through the woods1 cross the ponds and lakes1 climb mountains1 your luncheon in your pocket1 compass and knife and cup and match-box all ready and friendly to your hand2 as you feel the wilderness becoming more and more your empire1 be sure that you do not abuse the privileges which are revealed to you4 ,the more gentle and considerate you are in this life which has opened itself up to you1 the more it will tell you its secrets4 ,that you should leave disfiguration and destruction and bloodshed behind you does not prove that you are in any sense a true sport4 ,the camera is one of the best guns for the wilderness4 ,it is better to be film-thirsty than bloodthirsty4 ,a girl who is in earnest about camera shooting can test her 8nerves0 quite sufficiently for all practical purposes4 ,how about facing1 or chasing1 a six- or seven-hundred-pound moose1 plunging down through a cut or a trail1 and having the nerve to press the bulb at just the right moment8 ,or a big buck8 ,or a little bear8 ,or a porcupine8 ,a good kodak and some rolls of film are all that is needed to begin the work of photography4 ,a fine way to do1 if you intend to go into the matter seriously1 is to get some book on nature photography and make a thorough study of it4 ,other books1 too1 there are1 which will be full of profit for you as you come to know the wilderness life4 ,begin with ,thoreau1 ,john ,burroughs1 ,john ,muir1 ,stewart ,white1 ,ernest ,seton ,thompson1 and these will lead you on and out through a host of nature books and finally into a more technical literature on hunting1 camping1 and the wilderness life in general4 ,i believe that in the end an intelligent study of the woods made with eyes and ears1 heart and mind1 notebook and book1 will bring down more game than any shotgun or rifle ever manufactured4 ,i have seen guide-books of northern wildernesses whose collective illustration suggested only the interior of some local slaughter house4 ,no tenderfoot myself1 for1 when the first shotgun was placed against my shoulder1 ,i was so little that its kick knocked me over1 ,i do not write this way because ,i am unfamiliar with the pleasures of well-earned or necessary game1 but because ,i have tried both ways and ,i prefer a friendly life in the wilderness4 ,to kill what you see1 just because you do see it1 to set big fires1 to be wasteful1 to take risks in your adventures1 are no signs that you know the woods--and they are most certainly no guarantee of your love4 ,,chapter ,,xx ,,camp ,,don',,ts ,don't forget your check list4 ,do make your plans early for the camping expedition4 ,don't be dowdy in the woods4 ,dress appropriately4 ,do keep a clean camp4 ,otherwise you will go in for hedgehogs1 skunks1 flies1 and other disease-breeding pests4 ,if in doubt about drinking water1 don't drink it--at least1 not till it is thoroughly boiled4 ,do be independent4 ,camp is no place for necklaces1 however beautiful4 ,don't start out camping with a new pair of shoes on your feet4 ,do keep from adding to the things you want to take with you1 or you won't be able to reach the 8jumping off0 place4 ,don't forget your fly 8dope40 ,if your appetite is good1 be polite to the cook4 ,don't forget the box of matches4 ,don't be foolhardy4 ,it might take too long to find you4 ,if you feel that way1 have somebody attach a tump line to you4 ,if you have an open stove1 when you go off for the day1 be sure to close it4 ,don't be afraid to ask questions--everybody does4 ,do help others with the work4 ,don't cut your foot with the axe4 ,it will not add to the pleasures of camp life4 ,dish-washing is not pleasant work4 ,do your share just the same4 ,don't step on the gunwale of the canoe1 and upset it1 or trip over a thwart4 ,the canoe is a ticklish craft4 ,do conform to the camp routine4 ,don't keep the dinner waiting1 delay the fishing expedition1 or call out a search party4 ,don't be ignorant of the topography of the region in which you camp4 ,by not studying the map for yourself1 you will give others a lot of trouble4 ,listen to what your guide says4 ,remember1 ,i shall be glad to answer brief1 pointed questions1 addressed to me at ,,camp ,,runway1 ,moosehead ,lake1 ,greenville1 ,maine4 ,,the ,,end ,,index ,beavers1 #hh-hi ,beds3 bough beds1 #ig-ajj browse bed1 #ajj1 #aja sleeping bags1 #ajc ,birch bark1 #i1 #dj ,black flies1 #aj-aa ,blankets1 #ba ,bloomers1 #d1 #ah-ai4 ,see ,clothing ,blouse1 #d1 #ai1 #bb4 ,see ,clothing ,books1 #bj-ba1 #bai ,breck's fly 8dope10 #ajb ,breck's 8,way of the ,woods10 #g1 #bf1 #de1 #fc ,camera film1 #bj1 #bah-bai ,camp ,fire ,girls1 #aa1 #aae ,camp habit1 #aci-adf ,camping grounds1 #fh-gf sites to be avoided for1 #gc sites to be chosen for1 #gc-gf1 #aha-aib ,can opener1 #h4 ,see ,cooking utensils ,canoes1 #aic-bjh care in handling1 #aic-bjj cost of1 #aif length of paddle1 #aie paddling1 #bjj ,cascara sagrada1 #e ,check lists1 #a1 #if ,cleanliness1 #adg-aef1 #afh ,clothing1 #a-e1 #ac-bj1 #ba-bc1 #afe-aff gloves1 #e hunting suit1 cost of1 #ah jacket1 #ah ,cold cream1 #e ,combination suits1 #c-d1 #ag1 #afe-aff ,cook1 #cg-de ,cooking utensils1 #h1 #cd-ce1 #fb1 #ajd-aje ,cooler1 #h1 #cb-cd ,dishes1 #h1 #ce ,duffle bag1 #b1 #ad ,economy1 #e1 #ajg-aag ,equipment1 #b1 #h-i cost of1 #h poncho1 #ajj tents1 #aaj-aaa tools1 #i1 #ce ,expenses1 #ajg-aag for food1 #aad for party of four or five1 #ajh-aaa for tents1 #aaj ,feet1 care of1 #ai ,fires1 #aa1 #gg-hf ,fishing1 #aic-bjh fly1 #bjb-bjd ,fishing tackle1 #bjj1 #bjd-bjh ,fly 8dope10 #i1 #ce1 #aja-ajb ,food1 #a1 #f-h1 #bd-cf bacon1 #bh butter1 #bi cleanliness of1 #cj-ca dried vegetables1 #bf-bg flour1 #bg meat1 #bh-cj milk1 #cb1 #cg1 #aad-aaf portage of1 #bd ,footgear1 #b1 #c1 #ad-af ,fry pans1 #h1 #fb4 ,see ,cooking utensils ,fuel1 #i-aj1 #dj-db ,furnishings1 #aa1 #id-ajf ,gloves1 #e4 ,see ,clothing ,guides1 #fi1 #he1 #aah-abf assistance to1 #abc-abe1 #ade character of1 #abb-abc duties of1 #aai-aba ,hat1 #d1 #ai ,head net1 #aja ,health3 clean-working digestion and1 #aff-afh eating and1 #afi hygiene and1 #abg-ach physical culture drill and1 #afa-afe rules for1 #aei-afa water and1 #aj1 #db-dd1 #gf1 #aeg-agj ,hunting suit1 #ah4 ,see ,clothing ,hygiene1 #abg-ach4 ,see ,health ,jacket1 #ah4 ,see ,clothing ,knives1 #h4 ,see ,cooking utensils ,matches1 #dj ,moccasins1 #b1 #af4 ,see ,footgear ,mosquitoes1 #aj-aa headnet and1 #aja4 ,see ,hat netting for1 #ce tarlatan for1 #aja ,neat's-foot oil4 ,see ,waterproofing ,nesting pails1 #h1 #cd ,pockets1 #d4 ,see ,clothing ,poncho1 #ajj ,privy1 care of1 #afh4 ,see ,sanitation ,recipes1 #de apples1 #di bacon1 #fb baked beans1 #ei-fj baking powder biscuits1 #ee-ef boiling vegetables1 #fe-ff bread-making1 #ea broth1 #fb buckwheat cakes1 #fa ,chinese tea-cakes1 #fc chowder1 #fb-fc corn bread1 #ef-eg corn meal1 #dh corn pone1 #fj-fa eggs1 #ed-ee fish1 #eb-ec fudge1 #fd-fe gingerbread1 #fc macaroni1 #dh mashed potatoes1 #fa-fb mayonnaise dressing1 #ff molasses cookies1 #fd mushrooms1 #fa-fb olive oil1 #fe pancakes1 #eg-eh partridge1 #ec-ed penuche1 #fd rice1 #dh soups1 #eh1 #ei stewed fruits1 #fe stock1 #df vegetable stew1 #di white sauce1 #fc ,reflector baker1 #h1 #ci4 ,see ,cooking utensils ,safety pins1 #e4 ,see ,clothing ,sanitation1 camp health and1 #aeg-agj water and1 #aj1 #cj-ca1 #db-dd1 #gf ,skirt1 #d1 #ag-ai extra4 ,see ,clothing khaki1 #ag tweed1 #ag1 #bb ,soap1 #e1 #bj ,sporting catalogs1 #ajc ,sporting magazines1 ,outing1 ,country ,life in ,america1 ,forest and ,stream1 ,field and ,stream1 ,recreation1 ,rod and ,gun in ,canada1 #aaj ,stockings1 #c4 ,see ,clothing holeproof1 #af1 #ag1 #ai woolen1 #af ,sweater1 #ah4 ,see ,clothing ,tents1 #aaj-aaa4 ,see ,equipment and also ,expenses ,tin can camping1 #bf ,tools1 #i1 #ce4 ,see ,equipment ,tooth brush1 #e ,tooth paste1 #e ,trail1 #bji-bbj following the1 #baa-bad independence on1 #bji-baa lost on1 #bad-baf walking1 #gj ,vacation ,bureaus1 #aae ,viscol4 ,see ,waterproofing ,water1 #aj1 #db-dd1 #gf4 ,see ,health and also ,sanitation ,waterproofing1 #c1 #ad1 #af4 ,see ,footgear ,transcriber's ,notes ,depending on the hard- and software used to read this text1 not all elements may display as intended4 ,inconsistent and unusual spelling and hyphenation have been retained2 spelling and hyphenation differences between the body text and the index have not been standardised4 ,page #bjc3 bating3 as printed1 possibly an error for baiting4 ,changes made3 ,footnotes and illustrations have been moved out of text paragraphs4 ,some missing punctuation has been added1 some unnecessary punctuation has been deleted silently4 ,page #afc3 ,item 7#b7 has been moved to a new line4