,,! ,,*autauquan4        ,a ,,mon?ly    
,,magaz9e ,,devot$ ,,to ,,! ,,promotion 
,,( ,,true ,,culture4      ,,organ ,,(  
,,! ,,*autauqua ,,lit]>y ,,& ,,sci5tific
 ,,circle4                     ,,vol4   
,v4       ,,m>*1 #ahhe4       ,,no4 #f4 
,(fic]s ( ! ,*autauqua ,lit]>y &        
,sci5tific ,circle4    ,presid5t1 ,lewis
 ,mill]1 ,akron1 ,ohio4 ,*ancellor1 ,j4 
,h4 ,v9c5t1  ,d4,d41 ,new ,hav51 ,conn4 
,c\nselors1 ,! ,rev4 ,lyman ,abbott1    
,d4,d41  ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,gibson1       
,d4,d42 ,bi%op ,h4 ,w4 ,w>r51 ,d4,d42   
,pr(4 ,w4 ,c4  ,wilk9son1 ,d4,d42 ,edw>d
 ,ev]ett ,hale4 ,(fice ,secret>y1 ,miss 
,kate  ,f4 ,kimball1 ,pla9field1 ,n4 ,j4
 ,g5]al ,secret>y1 ,alb]t ,m4 ,m>t91    
,pittsburgh1 ,pa4        ,cont5ts       
,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,?is table (       
cont5ts ( ?is p]iodical 0 creat$  = !   
,,html v]sion to aid ! read]4           
,,requir$ ,,read+ ,,= ,,m>*4            
,temp]ance ,tea*+s ( ,sci5ce2 or1 ,!    
,poison ,problem          ,*apt]        
,,vi4--,subjective ,rem$ies             

#caa      ,sunday ,read+s          ,m>* 
#a                                      
#cad          ,m>* #h                   
#cae          ,m>* #ae                  
#cae          ,m>* #bb                  
#cae          ,m>* #bi                  
#caf      ,/udies 9 ,kit*5 ,sci5ce &    
,art          ,,vi4 ,cabbages1 ,turnips1
 ,c>rots1 ,beets & ,onions      #caf    
,! ,circle ( ! ,sci5ces                 
#cbj      ,home ,/udies 9 ,*emi/ry &    
,physics          ,fire--,physical      
,prop]ties                              
#cbc      ,! ,mohamm$an ,univ]sity (    
,cairo                        #cbg      
,z ,see+ ! ,invisible                   
#cbi      ,national ,aid to ,education  
#cbi      ,a ,trip to ! ,l& ( ,dreams   
#ccc      ,! ,homelike ,h\se            
,*apt] ,,iii4--,! ,d9+ ,room            
#cce      ,mexico                       
#cch      ,two ,seas                    
#cci      ,new ,orleans ,_w's           
,exposition                             
#cdj      ,geography ( ! ,heav5s = ,m>* 

#cdb      ,h[ to ,w9                    
#cdc      ,notes on ,popul> ,engli%     
#cde      ,! ,*autauqua ,s*ool ( ,lib]al
 ,arts                     #cdh         
,outl9e ( ,requir$ ,read+s1 ,m>*1 #ahhe 
#cej      ,programs = ,local ,circle ,"w
                            #cej        
,local ,circles                         
#cea      ,! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 ,classes   
#cef      ,que/ions & ,answ]s           
#ceg      ,! ,tru/ees ,reorganize       
,*autauqua                        #ceh  
,editor's ,outlook                      
#cfj      ,editor's ,note-,book         
#cfb      ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 ,notes on     
,requir$ ,read+s = ,m>*          #cfe   
,notes on ,requir$ ,read+s 9 8,!        
,*autauquan0           #cfg      ,talk  
,ab\t ,books                            
#cfi      ,p>agraphs f ,new ,books      
#cgj      ,special ,notes               
#cgb          ,,requir$ ,,read+ ,,=     
,,m>*4          ,,temp]ance ,,tea*+s ,,(
 ,,sci5ce2    ,,or1 ,,! ,,poison        
,,problem4    ,,"p ,,vi4    ,,by ,,felix

 ,l4 ,,oswald1 ,m4,d4      ,,*apt]      
,,vi4--,,subjective ,,rem$ies4          
8,deeproot$ evils c n be aboli%$ by     
/rik+ at !  bran*es40--,bo]have4#a    ,!
 hi/ory ( ! temp]ance movem5t has       
demon/rat$ ! sad futility  ( palliative 
rem$ies4 ,we h se5 t ! malady ( ! poison
 vice  is n a self-limit$1 b a          
necess>ily progressive evil4 ,! half-way
  measures ( 8re/rictive0 legislation h 
result$ only 9 furni%+  additional pro( 
t prev5tion is bett]1 because less      
impossible1 ?an  control4,a ,!          
regulation ( ! poison traffic1 ! r$ress 
( !  unavoidably result+ mis*ief1 ! cure
 & conv]sion ( drunk>ds1 9  ord] to be  
effectual1 w\ld impose intol]able & nev]
 end+ burd5s  on ! res\rces ev5 ( !     
weal?ie/ communities1 :ile ! advocates  
( prohibition w\ld =e/all ! evils bo? ( 
! rem$y & !  disease4    ,b we %\ld n   
ov]look ! tru? t1 9 our own c\ntry at   
lea/1  ! poison plant ( intemp]ance     
spr+s f a composite root4 ,9  s\!rn     
,spa91 "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,s>ac5s1#b !    

poison vice  0 almo/ unkn[n dur+ a s]ies
 ( c5turies4,b ,! moral code &  !       
religion ( ! inhabitants disc\nt5anc$   
intemp]ance4 ,! virtue  ( dietetic      
purity rank$ ) *a/ity & cleanl9ess4 ,an 
abundance  ( h>mless amusem5ts div]t$ f 
vici\s pa/imes4 ,"u su*  circum/ances ! 
abs5ce ( direct temptations con/itut$ a 
suffici5t  safegu>d aga9/ ! vice ( !    
poison habit2 b 9 a c\ntry l  ours !    
efficacy ( prohibition dep5ds on !      
foll[+ supplem5t>y  rem$ies3    #a4     
,,in/ruction4--,9 ! /ruggle aga9/ ! p[]s
 ( d>kness light  (t5 proves a m        
effective weapon ?an might or "r4 ,ev5 !
  limit$ light ( human reason might help
 u to avoid mi/akes t h  und\bt$ly      
ret>d$ ! triumph ( our cause4 ,we mu/   
enlight51 z  well z admoni% our *ildr51 
if we w\ld save !m f ! sn>es (  !       
tempt]2 among ! victims ( intemp]ance1  
ev5 among ^? :o c  speak f exp]i5ce & c 
n d5y t _! poison has prov$ !  curse (  
_! lives1 only a small portion is at all
 able to compreh5d  ! necess>y          

connection ( cause & result4 ,!y ascribe
 _! ru9 to  ! spite ( =tune1 to !       
ma*9ations ( an un*>itable _w1 to       
abnormally unt[>d circum/ances1 r ?an to
 ! normal effects (  ! insidi\s poison4 
,intoxication !y admit to be an evil1 b 
def5d  ! mod]ate use ( a liquor z       
infallibly injuri\s 9 ! smalle/  z 9 !  
l>ge/ dose2 !y und]rate ! progressive   
t5d5cy (  _! vice & ov]rate _! p[] (    
resi/ance2 !y cl+ to !  tradition t     
alcohol1 discreetly enjoy$1 may prove a 
bless+ in/ead  ( a curse4 ,we mu/ bani% 
t fatal delusion4 ,we mu/ reveal ! true 
significance ( ! poison habit be=e we c 
hope to suppress x z  a life blight+    
vice4 ,our text-books %\ld be f\nd 9 e  
college  & e village s*ool f ,florida to
 ,oregon4 ,e normal s*ool  %\ld graduate
 tea*]s ( temp]ance4 ,! law ( ! ,/ate ( 
,new ,york  provid+ = ! introduction (  
prim]s on ! effects ( alcoholic         
bev]ages 0 attack$ by "o ( our lead+    
sci5tific p]iodicals1  ) m le>n+ ?an    
insight1 on ! gr\nd t ! physiological   

action ( alcohol is z yet obscure ev5 to
 our able/ pa?ologi/s1  & !re=e n a fit 
subject = a common s*ool text-book4 ,!  
same  objection might be urg$ aga9/ e   
o!r bran* ( physiology &  ! natural     
hi/ory ( ! organic creation4 8,e vital  
process is a  miracle10 says ,lor5z     
,ok51#c 8t is1 9 all ess5tial respects  
an  unexpla9$ ph5om5on40 ,a la/ "q w    
always rema9 unansw]$  :]ev] ! m>vel\s  
process ( life is conc]n$1 b our        
ignorance1  z well z our k1 ( t ph5om5on
 has its limits1 & 9  reg>d to ! effects
 ( alcoholic bev]ages x is precisely !  
mo/  kn[able & mo/ fully demon/rat$ "p (
 ! tru? :i* x behooves  e *ild to "k1 b 
( :i* at pres5t n9e t5?s ( ! adults1    
ev5 9 ! mo/ civiliz$ c\ntries1 rema9 z  
ignorant z ! natives  ( ,kamts*atka :o  
wor%ip a div9ity 9 ! =m ( a poison\s    
toad/ool4 ,a boy may be br\ght to       
compreh5d ! folly ( gambl+  ev5 be=e he 
has ma/]$ ! ab/ruse me?ods ( comb9ation 
&  p]mutation employ$ 9 ! calculus (    
probable loss & ga94 ,we ne$  n /udy    

,b5?am#d to demon/rate t hone/y is an   
ess5tial basis  ( comm]ce & social      
int]c\rse4 ,by ! /&>d ( usefulness1 too1
  temp]ance prim]s might well take      
prec$5ce ( _m o!r text-books4  ,our     
s*ool boys he> all sorts ( ?+s ab\t !   
p]ils enc\nt]$ by  ! explor]s ( ,african
 des]ts & ,arctic seas1 b next to no?+  
ab\t ! pitfalls 9 _! own pa?--no room = 
! discussion (  su* subjects 9 a        
curriculum t devotes ye>s to ! /udy (   
dead  languages4 ,is ! diff]5ce betwe5 !
 ar*aic & plioc5e =m ( a  ,greek v]b s  
mu* m important ?an ! diff]5ce betwe5   
food &  poison8    ,) su* a text z !    
mon/] curse ( intemp]ance & its         
impressive  practical lessons1 a slight 
comm5t>y w\ld suffice to turn ?\s&s (   
"y obs]v]s into zeal\s *ampions ( our   
cause1 j z 9 ,g]many a  few ye>s (      
gymna/ic tra9+ h turn$ ne>ly e "y man   
into  an advocate ( physical education4 
,! "w begun 9 ! s*ool room  %\ld be     
cont9u$ on ! lecture plat=m1 b we %\ld n
 dissemble  ! tru? t 9 a cr[d$ hall     

n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! visitors h  g5]ally   
come to he> an orator r ?an a tea*]1 &  
enjoy  an eloqu5ce t /irs up _! b>r5e/  
emotions z mu* z if x  _h f]tiliz$ !    
soil ( _! intellig5ce1 j z ! unrep5tant 
game/]s ( a ,swiss wat]+ place us$ to   
applaud ! s5sational  passages ( a drama
 writt5 expressly to set =? ! evils ( ! 
gambl+ hell4 ,en?usiasm & impressiv5ess 
are valuable qualifications  ( a public 
speak]1 b he %\ld possess ! tal5t ( mak+
 ^?  ag5cies ! vehicles ( in/ruction4 ,!
 great m$ival re=m]s1 z  well z c]ta9   
political agitators ( a lat] age1 owe _!
 success to  _! natural or acquir$ skill
 9 ! act ( /irr+ _! he>]s into  an      
intellectual f]m5t t prov$ ! leav5 ( a  
:ole community--=  t skill is a tal5t t 
c be develop$ on a basis ( pure common  
s5se & %\ld be m assidu\sly cultivat$ = 
! purposes ( our  re=m4 ,a mod]n        
philan?ropi/ c\ld h>dly conf] a great]  
b5efit on  8 fell[-citiz5s ?an by f\nd+ 
a pr(essor%ip ( temp]ance1 or  end[+ a  
college ) ! special condition ( a       

proviso = a weekly  lecture on su*      
topics z 8,! ,/imulant ,delusion10      
8,alcoholism10 8,!  ,hi/ory ( !         
,temp]ance ,movem5t40    ,pamphlets1    
too1 may subs]ve an important didactic  
purpose1 & 9 !  me?ods ( _! di/ribution 
we might le>n a useful lesson f our     
adv]s>ies1 ! manufactur]s ( alcoholic   
no/rums1 :o introduce  _! adv]tisem5ts  
into e h\sehold1 by publi%+ !m comb9$  )
 almanacs1 comic illu/rations1          
note-books1 etc41 i4 e41 n only  free1 b
 w+$ ) extra inducem5ts to ! recipi5t1 &
 (t5 by  ! special subv5tion ( druggi/s 
& village po/ma/]s--till quack  annuals 
h almo/ sup]s$$ ! old family cal5d>s )  
_!  miscellanies ( pi\s adages & useful 
recipes4 ,c\ld we n retrieve  ! lo/     
vantage gr\nd by ! publication (        
temp]ance ye>-books1  compil$ by a      
committee ( our be/ tract societies &   
di/ribut$ by  ag5ts ( ! ,w4 ,c4 ,t4     
,u4--) inspir+ conviction to emulate !  
zeal  /imulat$ by a bribe ( gratuit\s   
br&y bottles8    ,popul> books mu/ above

 all be int]e/+1 & ) a l>ge plurality  (
 read]s t ^w is /ill a synonym (        
ent]ta9+4 ,a ,g]man  booksell] e/imates 
t ! romances ( ,l\isa ,mhlba* h done m  
to famili>ize h] c\ntrym5 ) ! hi/ory (  
_! fa!rl& ?an  all hi/orical text books1
 annals & *ronicles tak5 toge!r1 & we   
%\ld n despise ! aid ( ! noveli/1 if he 
%\ld possess !  gift ( mak+ fiction !   
h&-maid ( tru?1 & ! r>] tal5t (  awak5+ 
! reflections z well z ! emotions ( 8   
read]s1 = all  su* appeals %\ld prep>e !
 way = ! products ( ! temp]ance  press  
prop]1 by :i* we %\ld nev] cease to     
invoke ! consci5ce &  ! reason ( our    
fell[m54    #b4 ,,proscription4--,t     
union is /r5g? is a tru? :i* ass]ts     
itself  ev5 at ! exp5se ( public welf>e1
 & 9 favor ( ^? :o comb9e  to ?w>t !    
purposes ( ! law or prev5t ! progress ( 
ne$$  re=ms4 ,to ! cabals ( su*         
adv]s>ies1 aga9/ :om ! influ5ce  ( moral
 suasion w\ld be p[]less1 we %\ld oppose
 weapons t w\ld  /rike at ! f\ndation ( 
_! /r5g?1 namely1 ! mo/ effectual  means

 to dim9i% ! numb] ( _! allies4 ,_m ( ^?
 :o are  call\s to ! /+s ( consci5ce    
w\ld hesitate to defy ! /igma (  public 
op9ion2 o!rs :o are pro( aga9/ all o!r  
argum5ts w\ld  yield if we c\ld make x  
_! comm]cial int]e/ to )draw _! aid  f !
 enemies ( mank9d4    ,t ! prescription 
( alcohol = rem$ial purposes w          
ultimately  be ab&on$1 l ble$+1         
blue-pill dos+ & o!r m$ical             
ana*ronisms1 is z c]ta9 z t ! ,c>pa?ian 
peasants w cease  to exorcise devils by 
burn+ c[ dung1 & we c some:at promote ! 
adv5t ( t "t by patroniz+ re=m          
physicians 9 pref]5ce to                
8br&y-doctors10 z ,b5jam9 ,ru%#e us$ to 
call !m1 & by class+  alcoholic 8bitt]s0
 ) ! prohibit$ bev]ages4 ,x is m]e      
mock]y to  prohibit ! sale ( small be] &
 p]mit quacks to sell _! br&y  z a      
8dige/ive tonic10 & obviate !           
inconv5i5ces ( ! ,sunday  law by        
consign+ _! liquor to a drug-/ore4 ,does
 ! new "n or  ! admixture ( a h&ful (   
h]bs *ange ! effects ( ! poison8  ,we   

might z well prohibit gambl+ & p]mit    
musical lott]y draw+s  "u ! "n ( sacr$  
conc]ts4 ,till we c d bett] we %\ld     
p]mit  druggi/s to sell alcoholic bitt]s
 only on ! c]tifi$ prescription  ( a    
responsible physician1 all su*          
prescriptions to be duly regi/]$  &     
p]iodically report$ to ! ,temp]ance     
,commission] ( a ,bo>d (  ,heal?4       
,no/rum-mong]s#f w probably cont9ue to  
fleece ! ignorant  to ! end ( "t1 b !y  
mu/ cease to decoy _! victims by  p&]+  
to ! alcohol vice4    #c4 ,,heal?i]     
,,pa/imes4--,!re is no d\bt t a lack (  
bett] pa/imes  (t5 t5ds to promote      
intemp]ance4 ,9 ?\s&s ( our c\ntry t[ns1
  equidi/ant f rural sports & !         
amusem5ts ( ! metropolis  ennui r ?an   
ignorance,c or natural depravity leads  
our "y  m5 to ! dram %op1 & 9 recogniz+ 
t fact we %\ld n delude  ourselves ) !  
hope t read+-rooms alone c\ld rem$y !   
evil4,d ,! crav+ aft] excitem5t1 9 "s =m
 or o!r1 is an  in/9ct ( human nature   
:i* may be p]v]t$1 b c nev] be :olly    

suppress$1 & 9 view ( ! alt]native we   
w\ld f9d x *eap]--bo?  morally &        
mat]ially--to gratify t crav+ 9 !       
comp>atively  h>mless way ( !           
,langu$oc#i peasants 7:o devote ! ev5+  
h\rs  to s++ conte/s1 trials ( skill1   
r\nd dances1 etc471 or aft]  ! /ill     
bett] plan ( ! anci5t ,greeks4          
,antiquity _h its ,olympic  ,games1     
,nemean & ,capitol9e ar5as1 circ5ses1 & 
local fe/ivals4  ,! ,middle ,ages _h _! 
t\rnam5ts1 ,may days1 ar*]y conte/s1    
*ur*  fe/ivals & guild fea/s4 ,! ,lat9  
nations /ill f9d leisure =  pa/imes ( t 
sort--?\gh 9 modifi$1 & n always        
improv$1 =ms2  b 9 ,great ,brita91      
,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) _! six     
times  twelve h\rs ( monoton\s factory  
"w1 & ,sunday laws aga9/ all  k9ds (    
recreations1 ! dre>9ess ( exi/5ce has   
rea*$ a degree  :i* = millions ( work+m5
 has made oblivion a ble/ refuge1 &  !re
 is no d\bt t _m dram-dr9k]s use alcohol
 z an anodyne--!  mo/ available         
palliative aga9/ ! mis]y ( life-we>9ess4

 ,we w\ld  try 9 va9 to conv]t su* m5 by
 repro(s or o/racism4 ,be=e we c        
p]suade !m to r5\nce _! excursions to ! 
l& ( delirium !  realities ( life mu/ be
 made less un5durable4 ,!y "k ! dang]s  
( intemp]ance1 b consid] x a less]      
evil4,e ,!y "k no o!r  rem$y4 ,h5ce _!  
bitt] hatr$ ( ^? :o w\ld deprive !m ( t 
only solace4 ,%all we resign su* madm5  
to _! fate8 ,i am afraid t  _! type is  
repres5t$ by a l>g] class ?an curr5t    
conceptions  might incl9e u to admit4   
,let ^? :o w\ld v]ify ^? conceptions    
visit a popul> be] g>d5--n z emiss>ies (
 our propag&a1 b  z neutral obs]v]s4    
,let !m use a suitable opportunity to   
turn !  curr5t ( conv]sation ^u a te/   
topic3 8,p]sonal ,lib]ty10 8,!  ,sunday 
,"q10 8,progress ( ! ,prohibition       
,p>ty40 ,let ! obs]v]  reta9 8 mask (   
neutrality1 & asc]ta9 ! views--! private
  views--( a few specim5 top]s4 ,d !y   
d5y ! physiological t5d5cies  ( _!      
practice8 ,! correlation ( alcohol &    
crime8 ,!y avoid su*  topics4 ,no1 n9e  

out ( t5 w pref] an unansw]able or      
unansw]$  argum5t2 ! iniquity ( int]f]+ 
) ! amusem5ts ( ! poor1  ) ! only       
available recreations ( ! less privileg$
 classes4 ,take  t away & :at c a man d 
:o has no bett] pa/imes1 & c n  always  
/ay at home8 ,:at %all he d ) sixte5    
h\rs ( leisure8    ,! "q !n recurs3 ,h[ 
%all we deal ) su* m58 ,h[ reclaim  !m  
suffici5tly ev5 = ! nobl] purposes ( !  
pres5t life1 n  to speak ( high] aims8  
,h[ save !m f ! road t leads d[n to     
dea?8 ,a *ange ( he>t may n[ & !n "w    
wond]s1 ev5 ! wond]  ( a p]man5t re=m2 b
 we h no "r to rely on con/ant miracles1
  & = ?\s&s 9 sore/ ne$ ( help !re is   
only "o practical  solution ( ! problem3
 ,let u provide an opportunity ( bett]  
pa/imes--n z a concession to our        
enemies1 b z ! mo/ effectual  me?od to  
c\nt]act ! attraction ( _! sn>es &      
deprive !m (  ! only plausible argum5t  
aga9/ ! t5d5cies ( our re=m4 ,we  ne$ n 
pr(ane ! ,sabba? by bull-fights4 ,we ne$
 n tempt ! poor  to sp5d _! wages on    

railway excursions or ! gambl+ tables ( 
a  popul> summ] resort4 ,b we %\ld      
recognize ! necessity ( giv+  !m once a 
week a *ance = outdoor amusem5ts1 &     
unless we %\ld  pref] ! ,sw$i%          
compromise plan ( devot+ ! ev5+ ( !     
,sabba?  to e>?ly purposes1 we %\ld     
adopt ! sugge/ion ( ! ,*evali]          
,buns51#aj & am5d ! eight h\r law by a  
provision = a free  ,saturday aft]noon4 
,half a day a week1 toge!r ) ! ev5+s ( !
  long summ] days1 w\ld suffice :]e !   
means ( recreation are ne> at  h&4 ,ev5 
! smalle/ factory villages c\ld af=d a  
little pleasure  gr\nd ( _! own1 a      
public g>d5 ) a free gymnasium1 a       
footrace  track1 ball gr\nd1 a          
t5nis-hall or n9e-p9-alley1 = ! w9t]    
season1 a free ba?1 & a few zological   
attractions4 ,9 l>g] t[ns  we might add 
free music1 a re/aurant manag$ on ! plan
 ( ,susanna  ,dodds1 ,m4,d41,f & p]haps 
a museum ( miscellane\s curiosities4    
,su*  pleasure resorts %\ld be kn[n z   
,temp]ance ,g>d5s4 ,!y w\ld  r$eem z _m 

drunk>ds z all our prisons & inebriate  
asylums tak5  toge!r2 !y w\ld d m3 !y   
w\ld prev5t drunk5ness4 ,& above  all1  
!y w\ld accu/om ! work+ classes to      
associate ! "n (  ,temp]ance ) !        
conceptions ( lib]ality1 manl9ess1      
*e]fulness1  & recreation1 in/ead       
(--well1 _! pres5t misconceptions4 ,we  
might  arrange mon?ly excursions1 & !   
happie/ ye>ly fe/ival w\ld be a         
,deliv]ance ,fea/2 an anniv]s>y ( ! day 
:5 ! city or village  decid$ to free    
itself f ! curse ( ! poison traffic4 ,l 
"s  ( ! ,turn] halls#aa ( ! ,g]man      
gymna/s1 temp]ance g>d5s c\ld  be made m
 ?an self-support+ by *>g+ a small      
admission fee to  ! spectator-seats ( ! 
gymnasium1 & sell+ special refre%m5ts at
  a mod]ate advance on ! co/ price4 ,!  
surplus might be inve/$ 9  prizes to    
/imulate competition 9 su* gymna/ics z  
wre/l+1 runn+1  & hamm] ?r[+ 78putt+ !  
club10 z ! ,scot* highl&]s call  x71 )  
res]v$ days1 or ar5as1 = juv5ile        
competitors4 ,9 w9t]  we might v>y !    

program by ar*]y1 s++ conte/s1 & trials 
(  skill 9 v>i\s dome/ic fa%ions1 ) an  
occasional 8spell+ bee0--at  lea/ = ^?  
:o c\ld be tru/$ to consid] x a pa/ime1 
r  ?an a task1 = ! purpose ( recreation 
%\ld n be sacrific$ ev5  to             
consid]ations ( utility4 ,9 reg>d to    
a?letics1 t appreh5sion  w\ld be        
sup]flu\s2 ! en?usiasm ( gymna/ic       
emulation has ex]t$  its p[] at all     
times & among all nations1 & ne$s b     
little  enc\ragem5t to revive 9 its old 
might4 ,x w\ld make ! ,temp]ance  ,g>d5 
:at ! ,village ,gre5 0 to ! ar*]s ( ,old
 ,engl&1 :at  ! pal/ra 0 to ! y\? (     
anci5t ,greece4 ,x w\ld sup]s$e  vici\s 
pa/imes2 x w\ld reg5]ate ! manhood ( !  
tempt$ classes1  & ?us react on _!      
p]sonal & social habits2 !y w\ld satisfy
  _! crav+ = excitem5t 9 ! ar5a1 !y w\ld
 le>n to pref]  me*anical to *emical    
/imulants4,g ,physical & moral vigor    
w\ld g  h& 9 h&4    ,! union ( temp]ance
 & a?letic education has1 inde$1 be5  ! 
ideal ( _m social re=m]s1 f ,py?agoras  

to ,jean ,jacques  ,r\sseau1#ab & !     
secret ( _! failure 0 a mi/ake t has    
defeat$ m ?an "o philan?ropic project4  
,!y fail$ to beg9 _!  re=m at ! basis ( 
! social /ructure4 ,he :o fe>s ! h>d%ips
  ( su* a beg9n+ lacks1 aft] all1 true  
fai? 9 ! de/9y ( 8  mission4 ,p]sev]ance
 & uncompromis+ loyalty to ! t5ets ( our
  cov5ant is to u a duty1 z well z ! be/
 policy1 = z a moral  (f5se treason     
itself w\ld n be m unp>donable ?an d\bt 
9 !  ultimate triumph ( a cause l ours4 
,!re is a secret :i* almo/  seems to h  
be5 bett] kn[n to ! philosoph]s &       
patriots (  antiquity ?an to ?is unh]oic
 age ( our own1 namely1 t 9 ! ar5a  (   
moral conte/s a cle>ly undes]v$ defeat  
is a /ep t[>d victory4  ,9 t w>f>e !    
scales ( fate are n bias$ by a          
prepond]ance (  gold or iron4 ,tyrants h
 rea*$ ! t]m ( _! p[] if !y h  made     
deliv]ance m desirable ?an life2 !      
p]suasive p[] ( ,tru?  is increas$ by   
oppression2 & if ! int]e/s ( a cause h  
become  an obvi\s ob/acle 9 ! road (    

progress & happ9ess ! promot]s  ( t     
cause h to cont5d ) a law t gov]ns !    
t5d5cies (  ! moral z well z ! physical 
univ]se1 & inexorably dooms !  unfit to 
p]i%4,h ,! unmask$ enemies ( mank9d h no
 *ance to  prosp]4    ,& ev5 :]e _!     
disguises /ill avail !m amid/ !         
ignorance (  _! victims we %\ld rememb] 
! consolation ( ,jean ,jacques ,r\sseau 
9 8 address to ! ,poli% patriots3 8,!y h
 swall[$ y1 b y  c prev5t !m f          
assimilat+ y40 ,our enemies may prev5t !
  recov]y ( _! spoil2 !y may cont9ue to 
dev\r ! produce ( our  fields & ( our   
labor1 b we d n propose to let !m enjoy 
_!  fea/ 9 peace2 :atev] _! ga/ric      
capacity1 x w be our own fault  if we d 
n cause !m an indige/ion t w dim9i% _!  
appetite4  8,all ! vile elem5ts (       
society are aga9/ u10 writes "o ( our   
lectur]s1 8b ,i h no fe> ( ! ev5t if we 
d n cease to agitate  ! subject10 & we  
w\ld1 inde$1 n des]ve success if we %\ld
  relax our ef=ts be=e we h secur$ !    
cop]ation ( e fri5d  ( ju/ice & true    

fre$om4    ,x is true1 we invite our    
fri5ds to a battle-field1 b !re are     
times  :5 w> is saf] ?an peace1 & leads 
to ! tru] peace ( consci5ce4  ,! highe/ 
developm5t ( altruism inspires a        
devotion to ! welf>e  ( mank9d t rew>ds 
itself by a deliv]ance f ! petty tr\bles
  & vexations ( daily life2 nay1 all    
p]sonal sorr[s may ?us be sunk  out (   
sight1 & ^? :o seek release f grief = ! 
incon/ancy  ( fate1 = ! fru/ration ( a  
*]i%$ project1 = ! loss ( a  de> fri5d1 
may f9d a peace :i* =tune c nei!r give  
nor take  away by devot+ !mselves to a  
cause ( endur+ promise1 to !  highe/    
abid+ int]e/ ( _! fell[m54 ,at ! dawn ( 
hi/ory  t highe/ aim w\ld h be53        
security aga9/ ! inroads (  b>b>ism4 ,9 
! night ( ! ,middle ,ages3 salvation f !
 phantoms  ( sup]/ition4 ,to-day x %\ld 
be3 deliv]ance f ! curse ( !  poison    
vice4    ,t deliv]ance w m ?an comp5sate
 all sacrifices4 ,p>ties1 l             
individuals1 are sometimes de/9$ to     
conqu] )\t a /ruggle2 b  ! day ( triumph

 is bright] if ! p[]s ( d>kness h be5   
=c$  to yield /ep = /ep1 & we ne$ n     
regret our labors1 our tr\bles1  nor ev5
 ! disappo9tm5t ( "s m9or hopes1 = 9    
spite ( ! long  night we h n lo/ our    
way1 & ! wan+ ( ! />s (t5 h]alds  !     
morn+4      ,,footnotes    ,a 8,all pa/ 
legislation has prov$ ineffectual to    
re/ra9 ! habit  ( excess4 ,acts (       
,p>liam5t int5d$ to less51 h notori\sly 
augm5t$ ! evil1 & we mu/ seek a rem$y 9 
"s new direction1 if  we are n prep>$ to
 ab&on ! conte/ or cont5t$ly to wat* )  
fold$ arms ! gradual det]ioration ( ! p4
 ,re/riction 9 !  =ms :i* x has hi!rto  
assum$1 ( %ort] h\rs1 m /r+5t           
regulation ( lic5s$ h\ses & magi/]ial   
control ( lic5ses1  has be5 a conspicu\s
 failure4 ,= a %ort "t aft] ! pass+ (   
,"l ,ab]d>e's act1 hopes 7 ent]ta9$ (   
great results f !  provisions = e>ly    
clos+1 & _m *ief con/ables te/ifi$ to ! 
improv$ ord] ( ! /reets "u _! *>ge2 b x 
soon appe>$  t ! limitation1 :ile x     
less5$ ! labor ( ! police &  advanc$ _! 

duties an h\r or s 9 ! night1 0 n       
suffici5t to  r$uce mat]ially ! quantity
 ( liquor consum$1 or ! consequ5t  am\nt
 ( drunk5ness40--,=tnightly ,review4    
,b 8,! we/]n ,s>ac5s ab/a9$ n only f    
w9e1 b f all  f]m5t$ & di/ill$ dr9ks    
:atsoev]1 7 z innoc5t ( c(fee z  ( tea &
 tobacco1 knew opium only z a soporific 
m$ic9e1 & 7  incl9$ to ab/emi\sness 9 ! 
use ( animal food4 ,yet six millions  ( 
^! true/ sons ( temp]ance held _! own = 
sev5 c5turies  aga9/ great odds (       
heavy-arm$ ,gia\rs1 excell$ all *ri/5dom
  9 a/ronomy1 m$ic9e1 agriculture1      
*emi/ry & l+ui/ics1 z  well z 9 !       
ab/ract sci5ces1 & c\ld boa/ ( a :ole   
galaxy (  philosoph]s & inspir$         
poets40--,int]national ,review1         
,decemb]1 #ahhj4    ,c 8,education is ! 
cure ( ignorance10 says ,judge ,pitman1 
8b  ignorance is n ! cause (            
intemp]ance4 ,m5 :o dr9k g5]ally  "k    
bett] ?an o!rs t ! practice is fooli% & 
hurtful40  8,x is n ! mo/ e>ne/ &       
intellig5t work]s 9 ! sph]e (  public   

education t make _! ov]e/imate ( x z a  
specific =  intemp]ance4 ,:ile !y are   
fully s5sible ( t measure ( indirect    
aid :i* intellectual culture br+s to all
 moral re=ms1 !y feel h[  weak is ?is   
ag5cy alone to measure its /r5g? aga9/ !
 p[]ful  appetite = dr9k40    ,d 8,9 a  
primitive /ate ( society field sports   
af=d abundant  pa/imes1 our weal?y      
burgh]s f9d indoor amusem5ts1 & s*ol>s  
h ideal hunt+ gr\nds ( _! own2 b ! l>ge 
class ( our  fell[-citiz5s1 to :om read+
 is a task r ?an a pleasure1  are r$uc$ 
to ! h>d *oice betwe5 _! circ5ses#g & _!
  panes#h4 ,ev5 ! slaves ( anci5t ,rome 
_h _! saturnalia1 :5  _! ma/]s indulg$  
!m 9 ! enjoym5t ( _! accumulat$  arre>s 
( happ9ess2 b our labor]s toil l ma*9es1
 ^: be/  recreation is a tempor>y       
respite f "w4 ,human he>ts1 h[ev]1 w  n 
r5\nce _! bir?right to happ9ess2 & if   
joy has dep>t$ ?is  life !y pursue its  
%ad[ 9 ! l& ( dreams1 & try to spice !  
dry bread ( daily drudg]y ) ! sweets (  
delirium40--,int]national  ,review1     

,decemb]1 #ahhj4    ,e 8,b beside _!    
excitative influ5ce1 /rong /imulants    
induce a  le?>gic reaction2 & x is = !  
sake ( ?is aft] effect t _m  un=tunates 
resort to intoxication4 ,!y dr9k 9 ord] 
to get drunk2  !y are n tempt$ by !     
poison-fi5d 9 ! guise ( a good1 famili> 
_s1 b delib]ately invoke ! enemy :i*    
/eals away _!  bra9s40--,int]national   
,review1 ,decemb]1 #ahhj4    ,f ,au?or (
 8,heal? 9 ! ,h\sehold40    ,g 8,i c n  
help ?9k+ t mo/ ( our fa%ionable        
diseases might  be cur$ me*anically     
in/ead ( *emically1 by climb+ a         
bitt]-wood  tree1 or *opp+ x d[n1 if y  
l1 r ?an swall[+ a  decoction ( its     
disgu/+ leaves40--,bo]have4    ,h 8,!   
ultimate issue ( ! /ruggle is c]ta94 ,if
 any "o d\bts  ! g5]al prepond]ance (   
good ov] evil 9 human nature1 he has    
only  to /udy ! hi/ory ( moral crusades4
 ,! en?usia/ic en]gy &  self-devotion ) 
:i* a great moral cause inspires its    
soldi]s always  h prevail$1 & always w  
prevail1 ov] any am\nt ( self-int]e/  or

 mat]ial p[] array$ on ! o!r            
side40--,goldw9 ,smi?4#ac               
,,sunday ,,read+s4    ,,select$ ,,by    
,,*ancellor ,j4 ,h4 ,,v9c5t1 ,d4,d4     
,m>* #a4    ,repose n[ 9 ?y glory1 noble
 f\nd]4 ,?y "w is f9i%$2 ?y  div9ity is 
e/abli%$4 ,fe> no m to see ! edifice (  
?y labors  fall by any fault4 ,h5ce=?   
beyond ! rea* ( frailty1 ?\ %alt        
witness f ! heights ( div9e peace1 !    
inf9ite results ( ?y  acts4 ,at ! price 
( a few h\rs ( suff]+1 :i* did n ev5    
rea*  ?y gr& s\l1 ?\ ha/ b\ght ! mo/    
complete immortality4 ,bann] (  our     
conte/s1 ?\ %alt be ! /&>d ab\t :i* !   
hotte/ battle  w be giv54 ,a ?\s& times 
m alive1 a ?\s& times m belov$  s9ce ?y 
dea? ?an dur+ ?y passage "h bel[1 ?\    
%alt become !  corn]-/one ( humanity s  
entirely1 t to te> ?y "n f ?is  _w w\ld 
be to r5d x to its f\ndations4 ,betwe5  
!e & ,god !re  w no long] be any        
di/9ction4 ,complete conqu]or ( dea?1   
take  possession ( ?y k+dom1 :i!r %all  
foll[ !e1 by ! royal road  :i* ?\ ha/   

trac$1 ages ( wor%ip]s4           99    
99       99       99       99    ,!     
ess5tial "w ( ,jesus 0 ! creation ar\nd 
him ( a circle (  disciples 9 :om he    
inspir$ a b\ndless atta*m5t1 & 9 ^:     
brea/  he implant$ ! g]m ( 8 doctr9e4   
,to h made himself belov$ 8s  mu* t aft]
 8 dea? !y did n cease to love him10 ?is
 0 !  cr[n+ "w ( ,jesus1 & t :i* mo/    
impress$ 8 contempor>ies4  ,8 doctr9e 0 
s little dogmatical t he nev] ?\ght (   
writ+ x  or hav+ x writt54 ,a man became
 8 disciple1 n by believ+ ?is or  t1 b  
by foll[+ him & lov+ him4 ,a few s5t5ces
 treasur$ up  9 ! memory1 & above all1 8
 moral type1 & ! impression :i*  he _h  
produc$1 7 all t rema9$ ( him4 ,jesus is
 n a f\nd]  ( dogmas1 a mak] ( symbols2 
he is ! _w's initiator into a new       
_s4''' ,to adh]e to ,jesus 9 view ( !   
k+dom ( ,god1 0 :at x  0 orig9ally to be
 a ,*ri/ian4    ,?us we compreh5d h[1 by
 an exceptional de/9y1 pure ,*ri/ianity 
/ill pres5ts itself1 at ! end ( eighte5 
c5turies1 ) !  "* ( a univ]sal & et]nal 

religion4 ,x is because 9 fact !        
religion ( ,jesus is 9 "s respects !    
f9al religion4 ,! fruit (  a p]fectly   
spontane\s movem5t ( s\ls1 free at its  
bir? f e  dogmatic con/ra9t1 hav+       
/ruggl$ ?ree hundr$ ye>s = lib]ty  (    
consci5ce1 ,*ri/ianity1 9 spite ( ! fall
 :i* foll[$1 /ill  ga!rs ! fruits ( ?is 
surpass+ orig94 ,to r5ew itself x has   
only  to turn to ! ,gospel4 ,! k+dom (  
,god1 z we conceive x1 is widely        
diff]5t f ! sup]natural app>ition :i* ! 
fir/ ,*ri/ians  expect$ to see bur/ =? f
 ! cl\ds4 ,b ! s5tim5t :i*  ,jesus      
introduc$ into ! _w is really ours4 ,8  
p]fect idealism is  ! highe/ rule (     
unworldly & virtu\s life4 ,he has creat$
 t  heav5 ( free s\ls1 9 :i* is f\nd :at
 we ask 9 va9 on e>?1  ! p]fect nobility
 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god1 absolute purity1    
total  ab/raction f ! contam9ation ( ?is
 _w1 t fre$om1 9 %ort1  :i* mat]ial     
society %uts out z an impossibility1 &  
:i* f9ds  all its amplitude only 9 !    
doma9 ( ?\ght4 ,! great ma/] (  ^? :o   

take refuge 9 ?is ideal k+dom ( ,god is 
,jesus /ill4 ,he  fir/ proclaim$ !      
k+l9ess ( ! _s2 he fir/ said1 at lea/   
by 8 acts1 8,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w40 ,!
 f\ndation ( !  true religion is inde$ 8
 "w4 ,aft] him !re is no?+ m b to       
develop & fructify4    8,*ri/ianity0 has
 ?us become almo/ synonym\s )           
8religion40 ,all  t may be done outside 
( ?is great & good ,*ri/ian tradition w 
be /]ile4 ,jesus f\nd$ religion on      
humanity1 z ,socrates f\nd$  philosophy1
 z ,ari/otle f\nd$ sci5ce4 ,!re _h be5  
philosophy  be=e ,socrates & sci5ce be=e
 ,ari/otle4 ,s9ce ,socrates &           
,ari/otle1 philosophy & sci5ce h made   
imm5se progress2 b all has  be5 built ^u
 ! f\ndation :i* !y laid4 ,& s1 be=e    
,jesus1  religi\s ?\ght _h pass$ ?r\gh  
_m revolutions2 s9ce ,jesus x  has made 
great conque/s2 nev]!less x has n       
dep>t$1 x w n  dep>t f ! ess5tial       
condition :i* ,jesus creat$2 he has fix$
 =  et]nity ! idea ( pure wor%ip4 ,!    
religion ( ,jesus1 9 ?is s5se1  is n    

limit$4 ,! *ur* has _h its epo*s & its  
phases2 x has %ut  itself up 9 symbols  
:i* h _h or w h _! day2 ,jesus f\nd$  ! 
absolute religion1 exclud+ no?+1 det]m9+
 no?+1 save its  ess5ce4'''    ,:atev]  
may be ! trans=mations ( dogma1 ,jesus w
 rema9 9  religion ! creator ( its pure 
s5tim5t2 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt w  nev] be 
surpass$4 ,no resolution w lead u n to  
jo9 9 religion  ! gr& intellectual &    
moral l9e at ! head ( :i* beams ! "n  ( 
,jesus4--,r5an4#a      ,m>* #h4    ,7 y 
ev] made to see & admire ! all          
suffici5cy ( ,*ri/'s  righte\sness1 &   
excit$ by ! _s ( ,god to hung] & ?ir/   
aft] x8 ,c\ld y ev] say1 my s\l is a?ir/
 = ,*ri/1 yea1 ev5  = ! righte\sness (  
,*ri/8 ,oh1 :5 %all ,i come to appe>    
be=e  ! pres5ce ( my ,god 9 !           
righte\sness ( ,*ri/2 oh1 no?+ b  ,*ri/6
 no?+ b ,*ri/6 ,give me ,*ri/1 ,o ,god1 
& ,i am satisfi$6  ,my s\l %all praise  
!e =ev]4 ,0 ?is1 ,i say1 ev] ! language 
(  y\r he>ts8 ,& aft] ^! inw>d          
conflicts1 7 y ev] enabl$ to  rea* out !

 arm ( fai? & embrace ! bless$ ,jesus 9 
y\r s\ls1  s t y c\ld say1 ,my belov$ is
 m9e1 & ,i am 88 ,if s1 fe>  n1 :oev] y 
are--hail1 all hail1 y happy s\ls6 ,!   
,"l1 ! ,"l  ,*ri/1 ! ev]la/+ ,god is y\r
 righte\sness4 ,*ri/ has ju/ifi$  y1 :o 
is he t condemne? y8 ,*ri/ has di$ = y1 
nay1 r  is ris5 aga91 & ev] live? to    
make int]cession = y4 ,be+ n[  ju/ifi$  
by 8 grace1 y h peace ) ,god1 & %all ere
 long be  ) ,jesus 9 glory1 reap+       
ev]la/+ & unspeakable r$emption  bo? 9  
body & s\l4 ,= !re is no condemnation to
 ^? t are  really 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,:e!r 
,paul or ,apollos or life or dea?1 all  
is  y\rs if y are ,*ri/'s1 = ,*ri/ is   
,god's6 ''' ,oh ?9k ( ! love  ( ,*ri/ 9 
dy+ = y6 ,if ! ,"l be y\r righte\sness1 
let !  righte\sness ( y\r ,"l be ev] 9  
y\r m\?4''' ,?9k ( ! greatness  ( !     
gift1 z well z ( ! giv]6 ,%[ to all ! _w
 9 :om  y h believ$6 ,let all by y\r    
fruits "k t ! ,"l is y\r  righte\sness1 
& t y are wait+ = y\r ,"l f heav56 ,oh1 
/udy to be holy1 ev5 z he :o has call$  

y1 & wa%$ y 9 8  own blood1 is holy6    
,let n ! righte\sness ( ! ,"l be evil   
spok5  ( ?r\gh y4 ,let n ,jesus be w\nd$
 9 ! h\se ( 8 fri5ds2 b  gr[ 9 grace & 9
 ! k ( our ,"l & ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/   
day by day4 ,oh1 ?9k ( 8 dy+ love6 ,let 
t love con/ra9 y to  ob$i5ce6 ,hav+ mu* 
=giv51 love mu*4--,:itefield4#b         
,m>* #ae4    ,b 9 proportion to !       
exaltation ( ! s\l1 & also 9 proportion 
to its purity & spirituality--! v       
opposite extreme or condition2  9       
proportion to ! impressibl5ess & moral  
s5sibility ( a man's  spiritual nature1 
he has direct communion ) ,god1 z fri5d 
)  fri5d1 face to face4 8,bless$ are !  
pure 9 he>t1 = !y %all see  ,god40 ,!re 
are ?\s&s ( in/ances--!y occur 9 e *ur* 
:]e  !re are em95t ,*ri/ians--( m5 &    
wom5 :o come to su* a /ate  ( spiritual 
purity & spiritual op5ness t !y talk )  
,god z  fri5d ) fri5d4 ,!re is ! direct 
op]ation ( ! ,_s ( ,god  ^u _! s\l4 ,n t
 !y less ?an any o!rs are bless$ by !   
_s t applies ! ,^w2 n t !y less ?an any 

o!rs are  subject to ! indirect         
op]ations ( nature & society2 b !re is1 
ov] & above ^!1 also1 = ^? t are able to
 take x1 ?is  direct inspiration (      
,god's s\l4 ,:e!r x be by ?\ght1 ,i "k  
n2  or :e!r x be by moral feel+1 ,i "k  
n4 8,! w9d bl[e? :]e x  li/e?1 & ?\     
he>e/ ! s\nd !re(1 b can/ n tell :5ce x 
come? & :i!r x goe?2 s is e "o t is born
 ( ! _s40  ,i d n "k ! mode ( div9e     
ag5cy2 b ( ! fact t ! human  s\l 9 its  
high] spiritual relations is op52 t !re 
is no?+  betwe5 x & ,god1 z x 72 t x    
palpitates1 z x 71 "u !  consci\s       
pres5ce ( ,god1 & is lift$ up to a fai? 
& a tru? t  are n possible to x 9 its   
l[] realms--( t fact ,i h no m  d\bt ?an
 ,i h ( my own exi/5ce4    ,!re is su* a
 ?+ yet z walk+ ) ,god2 !re is su* a ?+ 
yet  z be+ "u direct div9e inspiration4 
,i d n ?9k !re is su*  a ?+ yet z       
au?oritative inspiration4 ,apo/les are  
ov] & gone4  ,prophets h _h _! day4 ,x  
is individual inspiration t exi/s  n[4  
,x is au?oritative only = ! s\l to :i* x

 comes1 n lift+  t s\l up into au?ority1
 & enabl+ x to say 8,?us sai? ! ,"l0  to
 any o!r s\l4 ,b ,i believe t /ill !    
div9e ,_s works ^u  ! individual he>t1 &
 tea*es t individual he>t z a fa!r      
tea*es a *ild4    ,bless$ are !y t ne$  
no argum5t2 & bless$ are !y ^:  memories
 take !m back to ! gl[+ h\rs ( exp]i5ce1
 9 :i* !y  h se5 ! transfigur$ ,*ri/2 9 
:i* to !m ! heav5s h be5  op5$2 9 :i* to
 !m ! angels ( ,god n only h desc5d$ ^u 
! ladd]1 b h br\ght ! div9e & sacr$     
pres5ce ) !m4  ,_m a c\* ( pov]ty has   
be5 m gorge\s ?an a pr9ce's c\*2  _m a  
hut & hovel has be5 sc>cely less        
respl5d5t to ! eye (  angels ?an ! v    
battlem5ts ( heav54 ,_m t ! _w has n    
kn[n2 :o _h no tongue to speak1 & no h& 
to execute1 b only a  he>t to love & to 
tru/--_m su* ones h _h ! v firmam5t (   
,god lift$ above !m1 all radiant4 ,!re  
is ?is tru? 9 ! ,_s  ( ,god t works 9 ! 
he>ts ( m5 directly1 & 9 ov]p[]+        
measure4 ,bless$ be ,god1 x is a liv+   
tru?2 & !re are witnesses (  x          

yet4--,bee*]4      ,m>* #bb4    ,jesus  
,*ri/1 9 8 dy+ disc\rse ) 8 elev5       
disciples1 9 !  #ad?1 #ae?1 & #af?      
*apt]s ( ,john 7:i* 01 z x 71 ,*ri/'s   
la/ w & te/am5t to 8 disciples1 & to 8  
:ole *ur*71 (t5  decl>es 8 special &    
ev]la/+ love to !m1 9 ! pla9e/ &  mo/   
positive t]ms1 & promises !m a future   
p>ticipation ) him  9 8 glory 9 ! mo/   
absolute mann]1 & tells !m1 at ! same   
"t1 t he does s to ! end t _! joy may be
 full4 ,john xv3#b3  8,^! ?+s h ,i spok5
 unto y t my joy might rema9 9 y1 &  t  
y\r joy might be full40 ,see also1 at ! 
conclusion ( ! :ole  disc\rse1 *apt]    
xvi3#cc3 8,^! ?+s h ,i spok5 unto y1 t 9
  me ye might h peace4 ,9 ! _w ye %all h
 tribulation2 b be (  good *e]2 ,i h    
ov]come ! _w40 ,*ri/ 0 n afraid ( speak+
  too pla9ly & positively to !m2 he did 
n desire to hold !m 9 !  lea/ susp5se4  
,& he conclud$ t la/ disc\rse ( 8 ) a   
pray]  9 _! pres5ce1 :]e9 he speaks     
positively to 8 ,fa!r ( ^?  elev5       
disciples1 z hav+ all ( !m sav+ly kn[n  

him1 & believ$  9 him1 & receiv$ & kept 
8 ^w2 & t !y 7 n ( !  _w2 & t = _! sakes
 he sanctifi$ himself2 & t 8 w  0 t !y  
%\ld be ) him 9 8 glory2 & tells 8 ,fa!r
 t  he spake ^! ?+s 9 8 pray]1 to ! end 
t 8 joy might be  fulfill$ 9 !m3 v]se   
#ac4 ,by ^! ?+s x is evid5t t x is      
agreeable to ,*ri/'s designs1 & !       
contriv$ ord]+ & disposition  ,*ri/     
makes ( ?+s 9 8 *ur*1 t !re %\ld be     
suffici5t &  abundant provision made1 t 
8 sa9ts might h full assurance (  _!    
future glory4    ,! apo/le ,paul1 ?r\gh 
all 8 epi/les1 speaks 9 an assur$ /ra92 
ev] speak+ positively ( 8 special       
relation to ,*ri/1 8 ,"l1 &  ,ma/]1 &   
,r$eem]2 & 8 int]e/ 91 & expectation (1 
! future  rew>d4 ,x w\ld be useless to  
take notice ( all places t might be     
enum]at$4 ,i %all m5tion b ?ree or f\r4 
,gal41 ii3#bj3 8,*ri/  live? 9 me2 & !  
life :i* ,i n[ live 9 ! fle%1 ,i live by
 !  fai? ( ! ,son ( ,god1 :o lov$ me1 & 
gave himself = me40 ,phil41  i3#ba3 8,= 
to me to live is ,*ri/1 & to die is     

ga940 ,,ii4 ,tim41 i3#ab3  8,i "k :om ,i
 h believ$1 & ,i am p]suad$ t he is able
 to keep  t :i* ,i h committ$ unto him  
aga9/ t day40 ,,ii4 ,tim41 iv3#g1h3  8,i
 h f\ght a good fight1 ,i h f9i%$ my    
c\rse1 ,i h kept !  fai?4 ,h5ce=? !re is
 laid up = me a cr[n ( righte\sness1 :i*
  ! ,"l1 ! righte\s judge1 w give me at 
t day40 ''' ,x fur!r  appe>s t assurance
 is n only atta9able 9 "s v extraord9>y 
cases1 b t all ,*ri/ians are direct$ to 
use all dilig5ce to  make _! call+ &    
election sure2 & are told h[ !y may d x4
  ,,ii4 ,pet]1 i3#e-h4 ,& x is spok5 ( z
 a ?+ v unbecom+ (  ,*ri/ians1 & an     
argum5t ( some?+ v blamable 9 !m1 n to  
"k :e!r ,*ri/ be 9 !m or no4 ,,ii4      
,cor41 xiii3#e3 8,"k ye n y\r  own      
selves1 h[ t ,jesus ,*ri/ is 9 y except 
ye be reprobates80  ,& x is impli$ t x  
is an argum5t ( a v blamable neglig5ce  
9 ,*ri/ians1 if !y practice ,*ri/ianity 
aft] su* a mann] z to  rema9 unc]ta9 ( !
 rew>ds1 9 ,i4 ,cor41 ix3#bf3 8,i !re=e 
s  run1 n z unc]ta9ly40 ,& to add no m1 

x is manife/ t =  ,*ri/ians to "k _!    
int]e/s 9 ! sav+ b5efits ( ,*ri/ianity  
is a ?+ ord9>ily atta9able1 because !   
apo/les tell u by :at  means ,*ri/ians  
7& n only apo/les & m>tyrs7 7 wont to "k
  ?is4 ,i4 ,cor41 ii3#ab3 8,n[ we h     
receiv$1 n ! _s ( ! _w1  b ! ,_s :i* is 
( ,god1 t we might "k ! ?+s :i* are     
fully giv5 to u ( ,god40 ,& ,i4 ,john1  
ii3#c3 8,& h]eby d we "k  t we "k him if
 we keep 8 comm&m5ts40 ,& v]se #e3      
8,h]eby  "k we t we are 9 him40 ,*apt]  
iii3#ad3 8,we "k t we h  pass$ f dea?   
unto life40 ''' ,v]se #ai3 8,h]eby we "k
 t we are  ( ! tru?1 & %all assure our  
he>ts be=e him40 ,v]se #bd3 8,h]eby  we 
"k t he abide? 9 u1 by ! _s :i* he ha?  
giv5 u40  ,s *apt] iv3#ac1 & *apt]      
v3#bi1 & v]se #ai4--,presid5t ,edw>ds4#c
      ,m>* #bi4    ,:o has an und]/&+ s 
exalt$1 s ri*ly gift$1 z to be able  to 
say :at love is6 ,%\ld ,i say x is a    
dew1 ,i m]ely describe  its refre%+ p[]4
 ,%\ld ,i say x is a />1 ,i b describe  
its  lovel9ess4 ,%\ld ,i say x is a     

/orm1 ,i b describe ! impossibility  (  
re/ra9+ x4 ,%\ld ,i say x is a ray ( !  
sun1 !n ,i b  describe its hidd5 s\rce4 
,%\ld ,i say x is produc$ 9 ! utmo/     
dep?s ( ! s\l1 :5 ! brea? ( heav5 unites
 ) ! he>t's  blood ( ! new man1 t x is !
 brea? ( ! s\l1 /ill ,i %\ld  n h       
repres5t$ x1 = ,i %\ld b h said :at x is
 9 itself1  n :at x is to o!rs4 ,%\ld ,i
 say x is ! light ( ! sun1 t  gives life
 & color to all creatures1 /ill ,i %\ld 
n h truly set  x =?1 = ,i %\ld b h said 
:at x is = o!rs1 n :at x  is 9 itself4  
,%\ld ,i say x is a ray ( ! sev5 colors 
9 a pure drop  ( wat]1 /ill ,i %\ld n h 
describ$ x1 = x is n s mu* a  =m z an   
odor1 & a savor1 9 ! dep?s ( ! human    
he>t4 ,:o has  su* a l(ty und]/&+1 su*  
deep ?\ghts1 z to be able to say :at    
love truly is6 ,! ,scripture says--x is 
a flame ( ! ,"l4,i ,yes x  is a flame1  
/eady1 bright1 & pure2 a flame :i*      
lights up & w>ms1  & %9es ?r\gh ! he>t  
into :i* x has ent]$1 & !n falls  on o!r
 he>ts1 & ! m light & w>m? x gives to   

o!rs1 !  bright] & /rong] x burns 9 our 
brea/4    ,b love1 says ! apo/le1 is    
great] ?an fai? & hope1 = beyond  t     
limit :]e fai? & hope dep>t1 love /ill  
rema9s4''' ,= z !  door 9 ?is poor      
temporal life 0 b a little gate t did n 
always  /& op51 b 0 (t5 %ut by a /rong  
gu/ ( w9d2 9 et]nity !  poor little gate
 w become a mighty portal1 ^: doors /&  
op5  night & day1 :i* no /orm-w9d w ev] 
close1 ?r\gh :i* !  s\l w freely pass   
into ! he>t ( ,god & all 8 creatures4   
,o1  s9ce 9 ?is life love has made u s  
ri*1 ?\gh b a little brook1  :i*1 :5 !  
sun %one fi]cely1 0 almo/ dri$ up1 h[   
ri* w  x n make u :5 ! little brook has 
become ! /ream1 yea1 !  ocean1 :5 x fl[s
 =? f ! he>t ( ,god1 9 full spr+-tide1  
& s9 no m builds a b>ri] 9 ! he>t ( !   
creature1 & !re  w be a free & sacr$    
giv+ & receiv+ betwe5 heav5 & e>?1  &   
among all t is 9 heav5 & ^u e>?6 ,o1 :o 
has s exalt$ an  und]/&+ t he c truly   
say :at love is6--,?oluck4#d            
,,footnotes    ,i ,canticles1 viii3#f1  

,g]man v]sion4          ,,/udies ,,9    
,,kit*5 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,art4    ,,vi4    
,,cabbages1 ,,turnips1 ,,c>rots1        
,,beets1 ,,& ,,onions4    ,,by ,,byron  
,d4 ,,hal/$1 ,,sc4 ,d4      ,,!         
,,cabbage is a native ( ,europe1 & gr[s 
wild along ! sea coa/s  ( ,engl&4 ,!    
wild plant lives = two ye>s1 has fle%y  
leaves1 &  is s diff]5t f ! cabbages ( !
 g>d5 z n to be recogniz$  z _! p>5t4   
,"u cultivation ?is "o species ( plant  
7,brassica  ol]acea#a7 has produc$ !    
,savoy1 ,brussels spr\ts1 caulifl[]1    
borecole1#b etc4 ,a m wond]ful plant & a
 m useful "o is seldom  f\nd 9 ! :ole   
range ( ! vegetable k+dom4 ,! ,romans   
did mu*  to ext5d ! culture ( ! cabbage4
 ,9 ,scotl& x 0 n g5]ally  kn[n until ! 
"t ( ,cromwell4 ,mu* improvem5t has be5 
made 9  ,am]ican sorts ( cabbages )9 !  
pa/ fifty ye>s4 ,9 ! wild /ate  !       
cabbage has a h>d1 woody /alk1 b ! f9e  
specim5s 9 m>ket  h only a small /em1   
be>+ a l>ge1 compact head1 ( closely    
fold$  leaves4    ,! fir/ ess5tial 9 !  

successful gr[+ ( cabbage is !  "r k9d (
 soil4 ,x %\ld be a s&y loam1 ) a       
gravelly1 &  n a clayey subsoil4 ,soil t
 is naturally wet mu/ be ?or\ghly       
und]dra9$ be=e be+ devot$ to cabbage    
gr[+4 ,! importance  ( an abundance (   
well rott$ manure c n be too fully      
impress$  ^u ! m9d ( any p]son          
contemplat+ ! production ( excell5t     
cabbages4 ,mu* t may be "h said conc]n+ 
! prep>ation (  ! soil = gr[+ cabbages  
applies ) equal =ce to ! o!r  vegetables
 treat$ 9 ?is article4 ,e>l9ess is "o ( 
! lead+  po9ts to be ga9$ 9 rais+ mo/   
g>d5 crops4 ,x is ! man ) !  fir/ load (
 cabbages t gets ! be/ price 9 ! m>ket4 
,!re is a  great deal ( /ress to be     
plac$ ^u ! prop] selection ( se$1 b  se$
 is n all4 ,! "y plants ( ! e>lie/ sorts
 mu/ be f$1 &  !y require ?is food at an
 e>ly /age 9 _! gr[?1 :5 *emical  *anges
 are only sl[ly go+ on 9 ! soil4 ,9 o!r 
words1 e>ly crops  ne$ a f> l>g] am\nt (
 manure = _! satisfactory gr[? ?an      
crops />t$ 9 midsumm]1 :5 ! soil is     

rapidly yield+ up its food  elem5ts4    
,e>ly crops ne$ to gr[ 9 cool spr+      
wea!r1 & !re=e  %\ld be abundantly      
suppli$ ) food 9 an available =m4 ,mr4  
,gregory  says 9 8 excell5t pamphlet on 
8,h[ to ,gr[ ,cabbages10 8,if ! f>m]    
desires to make ! utmo/ use ( 8 manure =
 t season1 x w be  be/ to put mo/ ( x   
into ! hill1 p>ticul>ly if 8 supply runs
  r %ort2 b if he desires to leave 8 l& 
9 good condition =  next ye>'s crop1 he 
_h bett] use "p ( x broadca/4 ,my own   
practice  is to use all my ri* compo/   
broadca/1 & dep5d on guano1 phosphates1 
or h5 manure 9 ! hill40 ,?is view (     
heavy manur+ is confirm$  by ,mr4       
,h5d]son1 9 8 8,f>m & ,g>d5 ,topics10 :5
 he says3 8,=  ! e>ly cabbage crop x    
%\ld always be spread on broadca/1 & 9  
quantity n less ?an "o hundr$ c>t loads 
or sev5ty-five tons to !  acre4''' ,aft]
 pl[+ 9 ! manure1 & be=e ! gr\nd is     
h>r[$1  our be/ gr[]s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new
 ,york s[ f f\r to five  hundr$ p\nds ( 
guano1 or bone du/1 & !n h>r[ x deeply  

940  ,! be/ sorts ( cabbages = ! e>ly   
crop are3 ,! ,j]sey ,wakefield1  :i* has
 a head ( m$ium size1 close1 & ( a deep 
gre5 color2  ,e>ly ,york1 small]1 b q   
e>ly2 ,e>ly ,w9n+/adt1 lat]1 b an       
excell5t sort4 ,among ! be/ late k9ds   
may be nam$3 ,l>ge ,flat ,dut*1         
,am]ican ,drumhead1 ,drumhead ,savoy1 & 
! ,r$ ,dut*4 ,! la/ m5tion$  is l>gely  
us$ 9 pickl+4    ,! "y plants are obta9$
 f se$s 9 v>i\s ways1 det]m9$ by  !     
numb]s desir$4 ,:5 l>ge quantities are  
ne$$ = ! e>ly crop1  ! se$ is s[n 9 a   
hot-b$ or gre5-h\se1 ab\t ,febru>y #a/1 
= !  latitude ( ,new ,york ,city1 &     
transplant$ into o!r heat$ b$s ne>  ,m>*
 #a/4 ,9 ?is way f9e plants may be      
obta9$ by ! fir/ ( ,april4  ,_m ( ! l>ge
 cabbage gr[]s prep>e ! soil1 m>k x 9   
r[s1 &  drop ! se$ 9 ! hills :]e !      
plants are to gr[4 ,9 ?is way  mu* labor
 is sav$1 & !re is ! advantage ( hav+   
sev]al plants  9 ea* hill1 to gu>d aga9/
 losses f cut-worms4 ,cabbages quickly  
respond to good culture1 & repay 9 l>ge 

measure = e /irr+ (  ! soil1 ei!r ) !   
hoe or ! horse cultivator4    ,! mo/    
tr\blesome insect enemy is probably !   
,cabbage-worm1 :i*  9 "s localities has 
de/roy$ ! :ole crop4 ,! mature insect   
deposits its eggs ^u ! "u side ( !      
cabbage leaves4 ,^! eggs  soon hat*1 & !
 gre5 cat]pill>s beg9 _! de/ructive "w4 
,no  poison\s sub/ances c be appli$ )\t 
endang]+ ! lives (  ^? :o may aft]w>d   
eat ! cabbage4 ,hot wat] 7#afj degrees7 
has  prov$ effective 9 kill+ ! worms1   
:ile n do+ injury to !  plants4         
,flea-beetles h done "s damage1 z also !
 ,cabbage-bug4  ,aft] ! crop is gr[n !  
cabbages may be kept by bury+ !m 9      
tr5*es1 heads d[n4 ,?ree facts ne$ to be
 kept 9 m9d3 ,repeat$  freez+ & ?aw+    
cause rot2 excessive moi/ure also       
induces decay2  & a dry air )]s ! head &
 de/roys ! flavor4 ,ab\t a foot (  e>?  
is usually a suffici5t cov]+4           
,cabbage 9 ! _m =ms x is pres5t$ ^u !   
table is a mo/  :olesome & agreeable    
article ( food4 ,! f>m]'s g>d5 is n     

complete )\t a full crop ( cabbages4    
,any heads t are n ne$$  = ! family     
table c be f$ ) pr(it to ! f>m live     
/ock4  ,p\ltry 9 p>ticul>1 ne$ "s gre5  
food daily ?r\gh ! w9t]  season1 & a    
cabbage n[ & !n satisfies ?is natural   
crav+4    ,,turnips4--,! g>d5 turnips   
belong to ! same g5us 7,brassica7 )  !  
cabbages1 & are !re=e closely relat$ to 
!m4 ,! turnip is  suppos$ to be a native
 ( ,engl& & o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 ,x is n 
kn[n :5 ?is plant 0 fir/ introduc$ into 
cultivation1 & its wild  /ate is unkn[n4
 ,at ! pres5t "t x =ms "o ( ! prom95t   
crops  9 all c\ntries adapt$ to its     
gr[?4    ,! rem>ks made "u ! subject (  
cabbages conc]n+ ! free use  ( manure   
ne$ n be repeat$ "h4 ,turnips gr[ freely
 ^u a ri* &  mell[ soil1 kept clean (   
all we$s4 ,!y d n require z f]tile a    
soil z cabbages1 & :5 ! e>? is v ri*1   
!re is sometimes  an excessive gr[? (   
tops1 )\t a correspond+ developm5t ( !  
roots4 ,x is n necess>y to say t        
cabbages are gr[n = _! _m  ?ick leaves1 

:ile turnips are rais$ = _! roots4      
,plants z a :ole  h _m places = ! /or+  
up ( n\ri%m5t4 ,sometimes x is 9  !     
/ems1 z 9 ! potato2 9 o!r cases ! leaves
 or roots s]ve z  a /ore-h\se (         
accumulat$ sub/ance4 ,! plant makes ^!  
deposits1  to be drawn ^u at "s future  
"t1 ei!r = fur!r gr[? ( !  same plant or
 = ! e>ly developm5t ( ano!r4 ,! root   
crops1 =  example1 are naturally plants 
( two ye>'s duration4 ,! fir/ season  is
 sp5t 9 ga!r+ & /or+ up sub/ance 9 a    
l>ge root4 ,dur+  ! foll[+ ye> ! />*1   
sug>1 oil1 etc41 is )drawn & us$ 9  !   
production ( a fl[]-/alk1 ^u :i* ! crop 
( se$s is f9ally  borne1 & aft] ?is !   
plant dies4    ,turnips are ma9ly gr[n z
 a second crop1 foll[+ e>ly potatoes1   
etc4  ,! soil %\ld be made f9e & ri*    
be=e ! se$ is s[n4 ,rutabagas  may be   
s[n f ! #ae? ( ,june until ! #ae? (     
,july4 ,yell[ ,/one1  ,ab]de51 ,:ite    
,c[horn & ,/rap-leav$ ,r$-top are s[n 9 
! ord]  nam$1 & f ,july #ae? to ! #a/ or
 #aj? ( ,septemb]4 ,! se$ is  s[n 9     

drills1 wide en\gh ap>t to admit ( horse
 cultivation4 ,!  ?9n+ ( ! plants 9 ! r[
 is ( great importance4 ,?is "w is  be/ 
done ) a hoe1 ! workman *opp+ out !     
turnips & leav+  ! plants ab\t f\r to   
six in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,9 g>d5 culture  
! r[s ne$ n be s f> ap>t4 ,x is v       
ess5tial to keep ! we$s  d[n & ! soil   
frequ5tly /irr$4 ,! h>ve/+ is simple4   
,:5  gr[? is complet$ ! roots are pull$1
 !n ! tops cut (f & !  turnips plac$ 9  
root cell>s or pits4    ,turnips h an   
important place 9 a c>efully plann$     
sy/em ( f>m+4  ,! root crop is a means (
 secur+ a l>ge am\nt ( mo/ :olesome     
food = live /ock1 & at ! same "t x      
cleans ! soil f we$s  & prep>es x = !   
gr[? ( succe$+ crops4    ,! lead+ insect
 enemy ( "y turnip plants is !          
,turnip-fly4 ,if !  se$l+s c be protect$
 until !y get a good />t 9 life !re is  
no fur!r tr\ble4 ,equal p>ts ( wood a%es
 & l& pla/] scatt]$  ov] ! "y turnip    
leaves is a good rem$y4 ,air-slak$ lime 
is also  employ$ 9 ! same mann]4    ,,! 

,,c>rot4--,! wild c>rot1 ,daucus        
,c>ota1#c is a native ( ,europe  & has  
become naturaliz$ 9 ?is c\ntry to su* an
 ext5t z to be  rank$ among ! wor/ (    
we$s4 ,! cultivat$ c>rot 0 introduc$    
into ,engl& by ! ,dut*1 9 ! reign (     
,que5 ,elizabe? 7la/ half  ( ! sixte5?  
c5tury71 & has s9ce be5 mu* improv$ & q 
g5]ally gr[n4 ,9 its native or wild /ate
 ! root is small1 woody1  & ( v little  
value z an article ( food4 ,all ( our   
s-call$  8root plants0 9 ! wild /ate    
/ore up only suffici5t food 9 !  root to
 meet ! wants ( ! plant ! com+ season4  
,?is t5d5cy  to accumulate has be5      
develop$ "u cultivation1 & an excess is 
/or$ up1 :i* is appropriat$ by man4 ,!  
plant has enjoy$ m  favorable conditions
 = gr[? & be5 reliev$ 9 great "p ( !    
/ruggle = exi/5ce t is con/antly go+ on 
among wild plants4 ,all  cultivat$      
plants are liv+ unnatural lives1 be+    
favor$ 9 v>i\s  ways1 & :5 !y are left  
to %ift = !mselves ei!r die or drift    
back1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 to ! old  

orig9al =m f :i*  ! ance/ors 7 =c$ to   
dep>t4 ,no plant is a bett] illu/ration 
( ?is fact ?an ! c>rot4 ,if left = only 
a few ye>s1 ! fle%y  root$ plants ( !   
g>d5 deg5]ate into ! co>se1 woody-root$ 
we$s ( ! pa/ure or h$ge-r[4 ,we c n pass
 ?is po9t )\t  endeavor+ to en=ce !     
importance ( keep+ up all ! mo/         
favorable conditions ( gr[? = g>d5      
vegetables1 & c>efully  select+ se$ (   
plants t %[ ! lea/ t5d5cy to deg5]ate4  
,! plot = gr[+ c>rots %\ld be ne>ly     
level1 o!rwise heavy  ra9s may wa% !    
se$s & "y plants out ( place4 ,! soil   
%\ld  be deep1 ri* & mell[4 ,c>rots are 
no exception to ! rule t root  crops    
fl\ri% "u high culture4 ,:5 ! b>ny>d    
fails to supply  suffici5t manure1 x is 
well to use guano1 sup]phosphates1 & o!r
  quick act+ f]tiliz]s4 ,if ! soil is   
heavy1 x is be/ to s[ !  se$ 9 ridges   
made by a pl[1 ?us enabl+ a horse-we$]  
to pass  betwe5 ! r[s & n injure ! "y   
plants com+ ?r\gh !  surface4 ,use se$ n
 ov] "o ye> old1 & x is well to s[ "s   

radi% se$ ) x1 to come up fir/ & %[ !   
r[s1 ?us aid+ 9  ! e>ly cultivation ( ! 
soil4 ,x is ( ! greate/ importance to   
keep ! we$s d[n until ! c>rots get a    
good />t4 ,ab\t six weeks  aft] s[+1 t  
is1 ! middle ( ,july1 ?9 ! plants1 leav+
 !m  f\r or five in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,!  
c>rots are dug & /or$  l mo/ root crops4
 ,if gr[n 9 l>ge quantities1 mo/ ( !    
labor  ( gett+ ! roots out ( ! soil is  
p]=m$ by horses4 ,c>rots  keep well 9   
long piles1 six feet wide at ! bottom1 &
 ( any l5g?4  ,v5tilat+ holes ne$ to be 
left at frequ5t int]vals along ! ridge  
( ! cov]$ heap4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties
 ( c>rots1 "s (  !m be+ e>li] ?an o!rs1 
:ile ! size & g5]al %ape v>ies  greatly4
 ,! ,long ,orange1 ,%ort ,horn1 ,e>ly   
,horn & ,:ite ,belgian are  among !     
lead+ sorts4 ,m>ket g>d5]s are n[ favor+
 ! %ort]  sorts1 ! endeavor be+ to get  
!m turnip-%ap$1 & ?us save mu*  labor 9 
digg+ ! roots4    ,,beets4--,! species  
,beta vulg>is1#d ! p>5t ( our common    
beets1  is a native ( ,egypt1 & gr[s    

wild along ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea at !     
pres5t day4 ,! "n is f ! ,celtic ^w     
,bett1 mean+ r$1 !  prevail+ color ( mo/
 beets4 ,?is g>d5 vegetable has be5     
g5]ally  gr[n = six hundr$ ye>s1 & dur+ 
t "t has und]gone _m  important *anges4 
,long ago ! beet arriv$ at a /ate (     
p]fection  beyond :i* x is n easy to    
pass4 ,! ,mangold-,wurzel#e & ,sug>     
,beets are d]iv$ f ano!r species4 ,^!   
are gr[n v ext5sively  9 ,europe & are  
wor?y ( f> m att5tion by ,am]ican f>m]s4
 ,!  ,swiss ,*>d is ano!r species ( !   
g5us ,beta1 l>gely gr[n 9 "s  c\ntries =
 ! leaves1 :i* only are us$4 ,!y are    
/ripp$ (f &  us$ l sp9a*4 ,! soil be/   
adapt$ to ! gr[+ ( beets is a  ri*1 s&y 
loam1 r light ?an o!rwise4 ,x %\ld be   
?or\ghly  pulv]iz$ by deep pl[+1 h>r[+1 
etc41 until a f9e1 mell[ b$ is  prep>$ =
 ! se$s4 ,! se$s are s[n 9 r[s1 & ! soil
 %\ld  be press$ firmly ^u !m4 ,= e>ly  
beets ! s[+ may be done s  soon z !     
gr\nd c be work$4 ,! late sorts may be  
s[n 9 ,july4 ,z  soon z ! plants are    

above gr\nd a pu%-hoe %\ld be pass$     
close  to ! r[s4 ,a few days lat] !     
beets ne$ to be ?9n$ to five or  six    
in*es 9 ! r[4 ,! remov$ plants make     
excell5t gre5s4 ,!  rema9+ "w until     
h>ve/ "t is keep+ ! soil free f we$s  & 
loose by frequ5t hoe+4 ,! rake is bett] 
?an ! hoe1 if x is  us$ frequ5tly & no  
we$s get l>ge4 ,beets %\ld be h>ve/$    
be=e  fro/s injure !m4 ,h&le c>efully & 
/ore 9 a place :]e !  temp]ature is     
uni=mly a few degrees above freez+4     
,! ,egyptian is among ! be/ e>ly sorts2 
x has a d>k blood color1  & mu*         
resembles a flat turnip 9 %ape4 ,!      
,long1 ,smoo?1 ,blood ,beet  is consid]$
 z rank+ fir/ = g5]al family & m>ket    
uses4    ,! ,mangold-,wurzels are co>se 
beets ( l>ge size1 gr[n z a field crop  
= live /ock4 ,! ,:ite ,sug> is a        
,mangold1 free f mu* ( ! r$  color+     
matt] ( ! r$ sorts4 ,^! l>g] v>ieties ( 
beets are  v ext5sively gr[n 9 ,europe =
 ! manufacture ( sug>1 & x  w\ld add to 
our agricultural weal? if !y 7 m        

frequ5tly a "p  ( a well plann$ sy/em ( 
rotation ( crops 9 ,am]ica4 ,x may n pay
  = u to make beet sug>1 b ! use ( !    
roots z a :olesome w9t]  food = /ock is 
pr(itable4    ,,onions4--,! onion       
7,allium cepa#f7 has be5 cultivat$ f    
e>ly  times1 & its native c\ntry is     
unkn[n4 ,z x is m5tion$ 9 sacr$  writ+s 
x is suppos$ t its home is 9 ! f> ,ea/4 
,onions ?rive  be/ on old gr\nd1        
especially if x is a light1 s&y loam4 ,!
 onion  field %\ld be ne>ly level1 cle> 
( we$s1 & lib]ally suppli$ )  ! be/     
well-rott$ manure2 guano &              
sup]phosphates are excell5t =  onions4  
,deep pl[+ is n necess>y4 ,! am\nt ( se$
 to be us$  dep5ds ^u ! k9d ( onions    
desir$4 ,if !y are to be pull$ =  e>ly  
m>ket1 m se$ is requir$ ?an :5 !y are to
 atta9 _!  full gr[?4    ,!re are _m    
v>ieties ( onions gr[n f se$s4 ,! ,yell[
 ,danv]s1  ,:ite ,portugal &            
,wea!rsfield ,r$ are well kn[n sorts1   
repres5t+  ! ?ree prevail+ colors4      
,onions are l>gely gr[n f sets1 t is1   

bulbs t h rip5$ :ile q small1 & :5 set  
out gr[ & =m  l>ge onions4 ,! small size
 & e>ly maturity are due to s[+ !  se$  
?ick4 ,f ?irty to =ty se$s are s[n to   
ea* in* ( ! r[4  ,! sets are mature :5 !
 leaves beg9 to )]1 & are !n remov$  &  
dri$4 ,9 plant+ ! sets !y are plac$ 9   
r[s ab\t f\r in*es  ap>t4    ,! 8,potato
 ,onion0 or 8,engli% ,multipli]0 is     
propagat$ by (fsets4 ,an  onion ( ?is   
class1 if plant$ 9 ! spr+1 w produce a  
clu/]  ( small ones ar\nd x4 ,^! small  
onions w gr[ into l>ge ones  ! next     
season4 ,!re are sev]al sorts ( onions t
 be> clu/]s  ( small bulbs ^u ! tops ( !
 fl[] /alks1 9 place ( se$  pods4 ,!    
8,tree10 8,top10 & 8,egyptian0 onions   
are ( ?is class4 ,^!  bulblets1 :5      
plant$1 produce l>ge bulbs1 & ^! latt]1 
:5 set  out ! foll[+ season1 ?r[ up     
/alks be>+ bulblets4    ,onions are     
ready = h>ve/+ z soon z ! leaves droop &
 become  dry4 ,! bulbs %\ld be well cur$
 & plac$ 9 a dry1 cool1 /orage  room4 ,!
 crop is sometimes badly injur$ by smut1

 especially :5 onions  h be5 gr[n ^u !  
same soil = _m ye>s4 ,! onion maggot    
causes "s de/ruction4 ,guano & unlea*$  
a%es1 :5 scatt]$ ov]  ! b$1 h bo? prov$ 
( value4    ,! above is only a brief    
consid]ation ( five ( ! lead+ g>d5      
vegetables4 ,! fir/ f\r1 namely3        
,cabbages1 turnips1 c>rots &  beets1 are
 to a great ext5t f>m crops1 well suit$ 
= live /ock4 ,!  composition ( ^! is z  
foll[s3               ,,dry ,,matt]4    
,,album9oids4   ,,fat4   ,,/>*1 ,,sug>1 
,,etc4   ,,a%4    ,cabbage     #ad4c    
#b4e        #j4g           #g4a         
#a4f    ,turnips      #h4e              
#a4j        #j4ae          #e4h         
#j4h    ,c>rots     #ad4a           #a4c
        #j4be          #i4f             
#a4j    ,beets       #ah4e              
#a4j        #j4a           #i4a         
#j4h    ,! turnips conta9 ! lea/ dry    
sub/ance1 & ! cabbages are f> !  ri*e/ 9
 album9oids4 ,! c>rot leads 9 />*1 sug>1
 etc41 foll[$  closely by ! beets4 ,!re 
is v little poetry 9 any ( ! five       

vegetables "h briefly describ$1 ?\gh !y 
may ent] into ! daily  food ( ^? :o ?9k 
( l(ty ?+s & write 9 ! mo/ elegant      
/yle4 ,!y are ! humble1 unobtrusive     
toil]s 9 ! g>d5s ( !  _w4      ,,!      
,,prep>ation ,,( ,,vegetables4    ,!re  
are two laws und]ly+ ! prep>ation ( all 
vegetables = !  table2 ! fir/ is1 cook  
until t5d]2 ! second is1 d n cook until 
mu%y & ! juice extract$4 ,by ov]look+ ! 
fir/ y are left  ) a rank1 t\gh1        
indige/ible di%2 by ov]look+ ! second ) 
"o wat]y1 &--wor/ ( all cul9>y          
adjectives--juiceless4 ,a "t-table      
regulat+ ! exact numb] ( m9utes :i* ea* 
vegetable %all be  cook$ c n be p]fectly
 exact4 ,n rules1 b judgm5t mu/ decide  
! limit ( "t4 ,h[ev] a table (          
approximations may be ( s]vice to       
amateur cooks ^: exp]i5ce has n yet     
taught !m t ess5tial (  successful      
cook]y4    ,,cabbage4--,:5 "y1 requires 
an h\r2 w9t] cabbage1 d\ble t "t4       
,,turnips4--,:5 "y1 ?ree qu>t]s ( an    
h\r2 w9t] turnips1 two h\rs4            

,,c>rots4--,:5 "y1 ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r2
 w9t] c>rots1 two h\rs4    ,,beets4--,:5
 "y1 ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r2 w9t] beets1  
f\r h\rs4    ,,onions4--,:5 "y1 "o h\r2 
w9t] onions1 two h\rs4    ,! temp]ature 
at :i* vegetables %\ld be cook$ is a    
po9t  ( great importance4 ,a little     
reflection %\ld easily settle !  "q1    
h[ev]4 ,:5 "y vegetables are t5d]1 !    
juices are  easily )drawn1 cont9u$ /ew+ 
or soak+ extracts all ! flavor  & /r5g?2
 :5 old !y become t\gh1 & only long /ew+
 w  make !m t5d] & br+ out ! juices4 ,by
 putt+ "y vegetables  into cold wat] we 
extract ! juice be=e !y beg9 to cook1 & 
by  ! "t !y become t5d] !y are ta/eless2
 b by putt+ w9t]  vegetables into cold  
wat] !y are gradually s(t5$1 & by ! "t  
!y are cook$ t5d] ! juice is fully      
develop$2 h5ce ! reason =  ! rule :i*   
cooks h =mulat$3 ,put all "y1 gre5      
vegetables  into salt$ boil+ wat]2 all  
dri$ & w9t] vegetables into cold  wat]4 
,add to y\r reg>d = ^! fir/ pr9ciples a 
nice skill 9 dra9+  all ! wat] f y\r    

cabbage1 turnips1 c>rots1 beets &       
onions1 &  t mo/ delicate ( all cook]y  
arts--! art ( season+--& y c  n fail (  
too?some entres#a & salads4    ,cabbage 
,salad or ,slaw4--,remove f a firm1 fre%
 cabbage ! out]  leaves & slice f9e4 ,! 
simple/ dress+ is ( sug>1 salt &  v9eg>4
 ,mayonnaise#b dress+ may be prep>$ by  
tak+ ! beat5  yolks ( six eggs & into !m
 beat+1 drop by drop1 two tablespoonfuls
  ( salad oil2 n[ alt]nate ) e few drops
 ( two tablespoonfuls  ( salad oil1     
small quantities ( v9eg> until two      
tablespoonfuls (  v9eg> h be5 us$4 ,beat
 into ?is mixture1 :i* %\ld be v  smoo?1
 "o saltspoonful ( salt & half z mu*    
cay5ne pepp]1 set 9  a cold place until 
want$4 ,a cook$ mayonnaise dress+ is    
made by add+  to ea* tablespoonful (    
boil+ v9eg>1 ! beat5 yolk ( an egg1 &   
cook+ until /iff4 ,remove ! mixture &   
/ir 9 an ounce ( butt]4  ,:5 cool1      
season x ) salt1 pepp] & mu/>d2 !n add  
sweet cream  until x is ( ! desir$      
consi/5cy4    ,hot ,slaw is prep>$ by   

/ew+ *opp$ cabbage until t5d]1 & !n     
add+ a dress+ ( v9eg>1 butt]1 salt &    
pepp]4    ,pickl$ ,cabbage4--,*op1 n too
 f9e1 a fre% cabbage1 & season x  ) :ite
 mu/>d se$1 salt & pepp]4 ,n[ pack ?is  
firmly into a  j> & add cold v9eg>4     
,cloves %\ld be spr9kl$ ov] ! top to    
prev5t m\ld4 ,or1 pack a lay] ( *opp$   
cabbage alt]nately ) a  lay] ( *opp$    
onions1 & hav+ salt$1 all[ x to /& =    
ab\t  tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,a dress+ ( "o p9t
 ( v9eg>1 "o cup ( sug>1  & "o          
teaspoonful ea* ( gr\nd mu/>d1 black    
pepp]1 c9namon1  turm]ic1 mace1         
allspice1 & cel]y se$ is made = ea* head
 (  cabbage & half doz5 ( onions1 by    
scald+ ! v9eg> & add+  sug> & spices4   
,into ?is dress+ p\r ! cabbage & onions4
 ,all[  !m to simm] = half an h\r1 !n   
put into j>s4    ,boil$                 
,cabbage4--,qu>t] a cabbage f :i* ! out]
 leaves h be5  remov$1 & :i* has be5    
exam9$ c>efully = insects & slugs4      
,boil until t5d]4 ,dra9 well1 be+ c>eful
 to press out ! wat]4  ,boil$ cabbage   

may be *opp$1 & a tablespoonful ( butt]1
 pepp] &  salt /irr$ 91 or x may be s]v$
 ) :ite sauce or drawn butt]4  ,:ite    
sauce is made by cook+ toge!r "o ounce (
 fl\r & two ounces  ( butt]1 &1 aft]    
add+ a p9t ( milk all[+ ! mixture to    
simm] sl[ly4 ,season ) salt & pepp]4    
,drawn butt] diff]s f  :ite sauce only 9
 hav+ wat] or bro? 9 place ( ! milk4    
,cabbage  may be boil$ 9 wat] tak5 f !  
pot 9 :i* corn$ beef or pork is  be+    
cook$4 ,?is seasons x nicely4    ,/ew$  
,cabbage4--,*op cabbage f9e & /ew until 
t5d]4 ,:5 8done0  add sweet milk        
suffici5t = a dress+ & all[ x to cook = 
t5  m9utes4 ,season ) salt & pepp]4     
,m>ion ,h>l& gives ?is recipe  = a /ew$ 
8/uff$ cabbage30 8,*oose = ?is purpose a
 l>ge1 firm  cabbage4 ,:5 p]fectly cold 
b9d a broad tape ab\t x1 or a /rip (    
musl91 t x may n fall ap>t :5 ! /alk is 
tak5 out4 ,remove  ?is ) a ?91 %>p      
knife1 leav+ a hole ab\t z deep z y\r   
middle f+]4 ,)\t wid5+ ! m\? ( ! ap]ture
 excavate !  c5t]4 ,*op ! bits y h tak5 

out v small2 mix ) "s cold  boil$ pork  
or ham1 or cook$ sausage-meat1 a v      
little onion1 pepp]1  salt1 a p9* (     
?yme1 & "s bread crumbs4 ,fill ! cavity 
) ?is1  b9d a wide /rip ( musl9 ov] !   
hole 9 ! top1 & lay ! cabbage  9 a l>ge 
sauce-pan ) a p9t ( #8hot liquor' f     
boil$ beef or ham4  ,/ew g5tly until v  
t5d]4 ,take out ! cabbage1 unb9d        
c>efully1  & lay 9 a di%4 ,keep hot :ile
 y add to ! gravy1 :5 y h  /ra9$ x1     
pepp]1 a piece ( butt] roll$ 9 fl\r1 &  
two or ?ree  tablespoonfuls ( ri* milk  
or cream4 ,boil up & p\r ov] ! cabbage40
    ,bak$ ,cabbage4--,! cold boil$      
cabbage left ov] f d9n] is v  nice bak$4
 ,*op x f9e & add a dress+ made ( beat5 
eggs & milk  & season$ ) salt & pepp]4  
,put x into a butt]$ bak+ di%1  & hav+  
/rewn ! top ) bread crumbs or roll$     
crack]s1 bake x  br[n4    ,fri$         
,cabbage4--,ano!r excell5t di% to be    
prep>$ f cold boil$  cabbage is fri$    
cabbage4 ,*op ! cabbage f9e & /ir 9 a   
little  melt$ butt]1 two beat5 eggs1 a  

little cream1 pepp] & salt1 & cook      
until slightly br[n4    ,boil$          
,turnips4--,boil until t5d] & dra9 dry4 
,aft] ma%+ !m  smoo?1 be+ c>eful to rub 
away all h>d lumps1 /ir 9 a             
tablespoonful  ( butt] & season ) salt &
 pepp]4 ,if x is pref]r$ to cut !m  9   
slices1 !y are nice s]v$ ) :ite sauce or
 drawn butt] z a  dress+4 ,a little     
v9eg> add$ to ! dress+ is by _m consid]$
  an improvem5t4 ,"y turnips are nice   
s]v$ :ole ) ei!r ( ^!  sauces4    ,/ew$ 
,turnips4--,an excell5t way ( w>m+ ov]  
boil$ turnips is to  add suffici5t milk 
to !m to /ew ?or\ghly1 & !n to season ) 
pepp] & salt4    ,bak$ ,turnips4--,cold 
boil$ or slic$ turnips may be 8done ov]0
 by  putt+ !m into a bak+-pan1 cov]+ )  
bread crumbs1 moi/5+  ) milk1 & !n bak+ 
9 ! ov54 ,fre%ly boil$ turnips1 slic$   
?91 may be cook$ 9 ! same way4    ,boil$
 ,c>rots4--,if c>rots are small & "y !y 
may be boil$  :ole1 b if !y are l>ge !y 
%\ld be split into two or ?ree  pieces2 
:5 cook$ !y may be s]v$ ) butt]1 salt & 

pepp]1 or  ) :ite sauce1 l slic$ boil$  
turnips4    ,ma%$ ,c>rots4--,boil$      
c>rots are v nice ma%$ ) a l>ge         
spoonful ( butt]1 a little cream1 &     
season+ ( pepp] & salt  work$ into !m4  
,s]ve z y w\ld ma%$ potatoes4    ,fri$  
,c>rots4--,cold boil$ c>rots1 or ^? :i* 
h be5 p>boil$1  may be slic$ & fri$ br[n
 9 butt]4 ,!y mu/ be season$1 (  c\rse1 
) pepp] & salt4    ,/ew$                
,c>rots4--,p>boil c>rots = ?ree qu>t]s (
 an h\r4 ,put !m  into a /ew-pan & p\r  
on !m a teacupful ( bro? ) season+ (    
pepp]1 salt & butt]1 & /ew until !y are 
t5d]4 ,a little cream  & a lump ( butt] 
may be add$ & ! :ole all[$ to boil up4  
,boil$ ,beets4--,9 prep>+ beets = !     
kettle !y %\ld be wa%$1  b n cut4 ,:5   
done1 rub (f ! sk9 & slice4 ,butt]1     
pepp] &  salt %\ld be add$ = season+4   
,if y l a dress+ ( v9eg>  put a         
tablespoonful ( butt] into half a cup ( 
v9eg>1 add pepp] &  salt1 & boil be=e   
turn+ ^u ! beets4    ,bak$              
,beets4--,slice y\r beets & place 9 a   

bak+ pan ) butt]1  pepp] & salt4 ,all[  
ab\t tw5ty m9utes long] = bak+ ?an      
boil+4 ,?is me?od pres]ves mu* ( ! juice
 ( ! vegetable :i*  is lo/ 9 boil+4     
,/ew$ ,beets4--,p>boil y\r beets until  
ne>ly done1 rub (f ! sk9  & slice4 ,into
 y\r /ew-pan p\r en\gh milk to cov] !   
beets1 add a  little butt]1 salt &      
pepp]1 & simm] sl[ly until !y are done4 
,boil$ ,onions4--,onions may be laid 9  
cold wat] half an h\r be=e  cook+4 ,boil
 !m 9 two wat]s until t5d]4 ,:5 cook$1  
dra9  c>efully & s]ve ) butt]1 salt &   
pepp]4 ,boil$ onions are nice  ) a      
dress+ ( drawn butt]4    ,bak$          
,onions4--,*oose l>ge onions = bak+1 &  
aft] peel+ boil  = an h\r4 ,dra9 !m     
?or\ghly & ab\t ea* wrap a piece (      
butt]$ tissue pap]1 bake !m until !y are
 q t5d]1 !n remove  ! pap] & br[n 9 !   
ov51 ba/+ ) butt]4 ,s]ve !m )  drawn    
butt]4    ,/ew$ ,onions4--,onions :i* h 
be5 p>boil$ may be /ew$ 9 milk          
suffici5t to cov]4 ,:5 done1 a dress+ ( 
hot cream & butt]1  season$ ) salt &    

pepp]1 may be p\r$ ov] !m2 or !y may be 
*opp$ f9e1 & ! cream1 butt] & season+s  
be /irr$ 94    ,fri$ ,onions4--,slice   
into small /rips & fry 9 butt]1 tak+ c>e
 to  br[n !m ev5ly4 ,season ) salt &    
pepp]4 ,onions slic$ ?9 &  fri$ 9 hot   
fat are call$ ,s>atoga onions4          
,,! ,,circle ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ces4         
,,physics4    ,9 ! sci5ce ( mat]ial ?+s1
 me*anics takes acc\nt ( =ces  t act on 
masses f )\t2 physics1 ( ^? t act f )91 
or :i*1 9 "s way1 modify ! condition ( !
 bodies !mselves4  ,bo? bran*es 71 till 
rec5tly1 includ$ 9 ! vaguely            
compreh5sive  t]m 8,natural             
,philosophy10 & ! p>tial sep>ation      
obs]v$ 9 mod]n  treatises & text-books  
gives a little m di/9ctness to ! facts  
pres5t$4 ,"u ! =m] ! e>? is contemplat$ 
z a planet1  ob$i5t to ! univ]sal law ( 
gravitation1 & mov+ regul>ly 9  its     
orbit4 ,! me*anism ( ! sy/em is         
complete2 ! measure &  adju/m5t ( all ! 
p>ts p]fect4      ,,geology1    ,z a    
physical sci5ce1 consid]s ! e>? ap>t f !

 sol> sy/em  ) :i* x is connect$1 &     
takes acc\nt ( its mat]ials &  /ructure1
 & ! =ces t unite !m4 ,its position 9 ! 
gr\p is  ab\t midway betwe5 me*anics &  
*emi/ry1 be+ closely alli$ to  o!r      
natural sci5ces1 :ile its ph5om5a are   
occasionally v>i$ by  bo? me*anical &   
*emical ag5ts4      ,,physiographic     
,,geology    ,treats ( ! e>?'s ext]ior  
physical features2 ( its =m--an oblate  
sph]oid--( its surface1 oceans1         
cont95ts1 seas1 lakes & riv]s1  hills1  
m\nta9s1 valleys & pla9s2 ( soils made f
 previ\sly  exi/+ organic or inorganic  
sub/ances1 ! detritus ( rocks  conta9+  
v>i\s m9]als & small p>ticles (         
decompos$ vegetable  matt]4 ,! mat]ials 
( ?is out] cov]+ ( ! e>? are f _m       
diff]5t s\rces1 & v>i\sly con/itut$4 ,f 
! f9e/ gra9s (  s&1 clay1 & loam1 to    
pebbles1 b\ld]s1 & fragm5ts ( enorm\s   
dim5sions1 !y are m+l$ app>5tly )\t any 
fix$ ord] or  proportions2 sometimes b  
slightly cov]+ ! solid rock1 at o!rs    
pil+ x up 9 ridges & hills ( consid]able

 height4 ,9 ?is surface  =mation are    
includ$ anci5t sea-bea*es1 lake & riv]  
t]races1  deltas1 deposits ( s& & clay1 
) va/ b$s ( m>ls1 peat &  calc>e\s      
tufa1#a all ! progressive accumulations 
s9ce ! pres5t  ord] ( ?+s began4 ,9 "s (
 ^! deposits1 m rec5t ?an !  ,drift#b   
p]iod1 fossils are abundant & v full (  
int]e/4 ,9 ,new  ,zeal& ! bones ( a     
bird#c 7 f\nd :i* exce$ 9 bulk ^? (  !  
l>ge/ horse1 & are n[ 9 ! museum ( !    
,college ( ,surgeons1  ,london4 ,! bird 
:5 alive 0 elev5 or twelve feet high4   
,less ?an a c5tury ago :at might h be5 a
 fossil elephant 0 f\nd  imb$d$ 9 ice on
 ! coa/ ( ,sib]ia1 & 9 su* a p]fect /ate
 (  pres]vation t ! p f$ _! dogs on its 
fle%4 ,! animal 0  well cov]$ ) hair1 & 
adapt$ to a cool climate1 a             
repres5tative  ( an ext9ct race4 ,h[ x 0
 imb$d$1 or h[ long x _h be5  pres]v$ 9 
t condition1 no "o kn[s4    ,9 ,great   
,brita9 are f\nd fossils ( ! rh9oc]os & 
hippopotamus1  ( elephants1 tig]s1 hy5as
 & giant elks1 all ( :i* are ext9ct     

species4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is especially 
prolific 9 ! rema9s ( huge  mammals4 ,! 
ma/odon & mega!rium 7 d\btless indig5\s 
to ?is  c\ntry4 ,! latt] _h a ?igh bone 
?ree times z l>ge z ! l>ge/  elephant1 &
 ! cavity ?r\gh :i* x pass$1 indicates a
 sp9al cord  an in* 9 diamet]4 ,^! l>ge/
 skeletons 7 f\nd 9 ,georgia &  ,s\?    
,c>ol9a4 ,^? ( ! ma/odon are num]\s1 &  
f\nd 9 _m  diff]5t places4              
,physiographic geology is a /udy        
int5sely int]e/+1  & ( great practical  
importance1 z x be>s directly on _m ( ! 
indu/ries ( life2 b ?is g5]al notice is 
suffici5t4      ,,li?ographic ,,geology4
    ,! ultimate p>ticles ( mat]ial      
bodies1 ( :i* we "k b little1  ex]t su* 
=ce or influ5ce on ea* o!r z to decide !
 "* (  ! mass2 ev5 if ! atoms are       
id5tically ! same 9 sub/ance !y  may    
come toge!r 9 a way to secure diff]5t   
results4 ,! bulk ( !  solid "p ( ! e>?  
is rock1 b all rock is n ! same4 ,we f9d
  sev]al species ( granite1 ( lime/one1 
& s&/one1 a long li/4 ,b  ! :ole may be 

divid$ into two classes1 /ratifi$ &     
un/ratifi$4  ,:atev] ! two classes seem 
to h 9 common1 !y are n ( ! same  orig94
 ,! fir/ occur 9 lay]s or /rata1 o!rs   
are cry/all9e &  massive4 ,! loose      
mat]ials1 su* z s&1 clay & gravel1 t h  
accumulat$ at ! bottom ( ! pond or lake1
 are f\nd arrang$ 9 b$s  or p>allel     
lay]s4 ,! /reams c>ry ! mat]ials f !    
highl&s1  & !y are at l5g? deposit$ 9 ! 
bas91 & :5 h>d5$ become  /ratifi$ rocks4
 ,z ?is process is /ill go+ on1 &       
rec5tly  =m$ /rata are f\nd approa*+ !  
consi/5cy ( /one1 x is b  reasonable to 
conclude t all rocks ( ?is class1 be+   
=m$ 9 l  mann] "u ! wat]1 are ( aque\s  
orig94 ,!y are fur!r class$  accord+ to 
c]ta9 peculi>ities1 ei!r ( mat]ial or   
=mation4    ,gneiss1 abundant 9 all p>ts
 ( ,new ,engl&1 is a k9d ( /ratifi$     
granite1 ( ab\t ! same mat]ials1 b      
splits readily into slabs t  are us$ bo?
 = build+ purposes & flagg+ /ones4      
,mica slate resembles gneiss1 has ! same
 m9]als1 b m mica1 &  is ( a m slaty    

/ructure1 & ! gli/5+ p>ticles ( mica    
ab\nd  9 x4    ,!re are sev]al o!r k9ds 
( slate1 nam$ f ! m9]als t  pr$om9ate 9 
!m1 or ! purposes = :i* !y are mo/ly    
us$4  ,ro(+ slate ( excell5t quality is 
ext5sively qu>ri$ 9 ,ma9e1  ,v]mont &   
,massa*usetts4    ,qu>tz rock consi/s   
ma9ly ( qu>tz1 b (t5 has m or less mica4
  ,s&/one is ( k9dr$ =mation1 ! pr9cipal
 "p ( :i* is  qu>tz1 r$uc$ to s&1 & !   
gra9s m or less firmly unit$4 ,9  bo? ! 
colors are v>i\s4    ,conglom]ate       
consi/s ( wat]-worn pebbles ( v>i\s k9ds
 & sizes  cem5t$ toge!r1 & sometimes    
mak+ a /rong1 compact rock4    ,!       
lime/one =mations are ext5sive 9 ne>ly  
all c\ntries4 ,9  _! /ructure "s are v  
compact & break ) a smoo? surface4  ,^? 
capable ( a f9e poli% are call$ m>ble1 !
 m common uses  ( :i* are well kn[n4 ,! 
pure/ cry/all9e lime/one is us$ 9       
sculpture2 ! be/ quality be+ obta9$ f   
,c>r>a1 ,italy1 & t  call$ ,p>ian f !   
isl& ,p>os4    ,*alk1 a useful =mation1 
is a c>bonate ( lime4 ,9 "s caves !     

dropp+ ( calc>e\s wat] =ms /alactites1  
:i* hang f !  ro( l imm5se icicles1 &   
are (t5 ext5d$ till !y meet !           
accumulations bel[1 call$ /alagmites1 & 
=m beautiful columns4 ,(  ! m ?an sev5  
hundr$ cry/als f ?is s\rce alone1 & ( ! 
_m o!r v>ieties ( m9]als hav+ mu* 9     
common1 & yet en\gh  t is peculi> to    
di/+ui% !m1 no m5tion c be made4 ,a     
c>eful  read] & close obs]v] w ga!r f   
famili> objects a fund (  in=mation (   
great value4    ,! p>allel /rata m5tion$
 are n always horizontal1 b sometimes   
ne>ly1 if n q p]p5dicul>4 ,occasionally 
a l$ge brok5 q  ?r\gh sep>ates1 & ! rock
 on "o side ( ! fissure is ei!r  elevat$
 or depress$1 mak+ :at is call$ a fault4
    ,! fissures cross+ a b$ ( rock are  
(t5 fill$ ) a m9]al  entirely diff]5t f 
! rock itself4 ,9 "s cases :]e ! ve9 is 
small ! =eign sub/ance may h come 9 f   
above or lat]ally1  deposit$ f wat] z 9 
! case ( /alactites4 ,! l>g] fissures  7
 evid5tly fill$ ) ! melt$ mat]ial ?ru/  
up f b5ea?4    ,! un/ratifi$ rocks are 9

 masses1 )\t fossils ( animals or       
plants1 & ( igne\s orig94 ,"s ( ?is     
class 7 probably =m$  lat]1 & by ! melt+
 ( second>y rocks1 b mo/ ( !m by !      
gradual cool+ ( ! c5tral mass conta9+ ! 
melt$ m9]als  embodi$ 9 !m4             
,,dynamic ,,geology    ,treats ( ! =ces 
t move ?+s on or b5ea? ! e>?'s surface4 
,! ,drift %[s n a little confusion4 ,?+s
 are evid5tly 9 an  abnormal condition1 
& /rangely mix$4 ,"s ( ! di/urb+ causes 
are obvi\s4 ,curr5ts ( ! atmosph]e &    
ocean h done mu*1 b are  n suffici5t to 
acc\nt = all ! ph5om5a4 ,b\ld]s br\ght f
  l$ges nor? ( ! great we/]n lakes1 are 
f\nd scatt]$ ov] all !  we/]n /ates1 "s 
mu* batt]$ on ! passage1 o!rs be>+ only 
m>ks ( long exposure to ! elem5ts4 ,deep
 furr[s h be5 pl[$  9 ! rocks & hill    
tops ov] :i* !y pass$1 at an elevation (
  ?\s&s ( feet above ! level ( ! sea4   
,curr5ts ( wat] c\ld  nev] h lift$ su*  
huge masses f ! l[] to high] levels1 or 
transport$ !m any su* di/ances4 ,iceb]gs
 or glaci]s h evid5tly  mov$ ov] ! :ole 

,drift region ) fragm5ts ( rocks &      
pebbles  froz5 into _! l[] surface1 t1 l
 huge rasps1 bo? cut away &  poli%$ !   
h>de/ rocks1 at ! same "t be>+ =w>d !   
b\ld]s  & :atev] else *anc$ to be held 9
 _! cold embrace4 ,!re are  o!r         
footpr9ts ( _m & v great *anges t h be5 
wr\ght4  ,?\gh _m p]sons h errone\s     
impressions ( ! inequalities on !  e>?'s
 surface1 ! height ( ! l(tie/ m\nta9s   
be+ b little  :5 comp>$ ) ! e>?'s       
diamet]1 yet !re is evid5ce t !  normal 
condition has n be5 pres]v$4 ,l>ge      
di/ricts h1 ev5  )9 ! hi/oric p]iod1 be5
 lift$ f> above _! =m] level1  & o!rs   
sunk z mu* bel[4 ,new isl&s h appe>$ 9 !
 mid/  ( ! sea1 :ile o!rs h sunk out (  
sight4 ,multitudes n[ live on  :at 0    
once ! b$ ( ! sea1 89 :i* 7 ?+s         
innum]able1  great & small bea/s20 &    
%ips sail ov] t]ritory once cov]$ )  !  
habitations ( liv+ m54 ,rocks ( imm5se  
?ickness h be5  brok5 & ! p>ts lift$    
into a v]tical position1 & _m su* great 
*anges h tak5 place4 ,:at wr\ght !m8 ,x 

is safe to say t  at lea/ two =ces h be5
 op]at+1 ! "o m gradual ?an !  o!r4 ,!  
cool+ ( ! int]nal mass mu/ cause        
contraction1 :i*1 9  a globe ( su*      
dim5sions1 w\ld be suffici5t to break ! 
/ronge/  rocks con/itut+ its %ell4 ,?is 
=ce1 :5 prop]ly direct$1 might  lift !  
rocks1 & ev5 ?r[ !m back on o!r /rata ( 
m rec5t  =mation4 ,!n ! expansive =ce ( 
! gases )91 :5 rais$ to  _! highe/      
t5sion1 is en\gh to cause e>?quakes1 &  
p\r ?r\gh  ! p>tially op5$ crat]s1 or   
:]e ! b>ri]s are made less secure1      
floods ( lava t are 9 "t *ang$ into     
rocks ( t peculi>  class4 ,! v5t w be   
f\nd :]e ! cru/ above ! /ruggl+ giant   
is weake/1 :e!r t be on ! m\nta9 top :]e
 ! rocks _h be5  %ov$ up into a v]tical 
position1 or at ! bottom ( ! sea4    ,! 
dynamics ( geology sugge/ problems ( no 
ord9>y int]e/1 b our  n>r[ limits =bid  
ev5 a /atem5t ( !m4      ,,m9]alogy     
,is t bran* ( geology t treats ( m9]al  
sub/ances1 & tea*es  h[ to di/+ui% &    
classify !m accord+ to _! prop]ties4    

,?is  is a wide field = inve/igation1 & 
s fruitful t ! temptation to  l+] 9 x is
 /rong4 ,m9+ & "w ) ! products ( ! m9es 
engage ! indu/ry ( s _m t x w\ld be     
especially pleasant to  /udy ) !m a     
subject ( su* g5]al int]e/4 ,we rel9qui%
 t  privilege1 9 ord] to /ate two or    
?ree ?+s t seem ?or\ghly  e/abli%$ by   
:at is f\nd writt5 9 ! book ( nature1 & 
are 9  p]fect accord ) ,god's lat]      
scriptures1 ! ,bible1 :5 rightly        
int]pret$4    #a4 ,! fir/ fact is !     
great age ( ! e>?4 ,processes are pla9ly
  indicat$ t mu/ h requir$ n only ?\s&s1
 b millions (  ye>s = our planet1 be=e  
man1 made 9 ! image ( ,god1 ent]$  x z !
 !at] ( 8 responsible activities4 ,!    
facts ( !  c>bonif]\s#d p]iod alone     
discr$it1 & utt]ly ov]?r[ ! !ory  :i*   
limits ! days ( creation to six (       
tw5ty-f\r h\rs ea*4 ,!  ,bible gives !  
ord] ( ! successive creations1 b does n 
fix !  age ( ! ?+s creat$4 ,! ^w        
translat$ day (t5 means an age  or an   
indef9ite numb] ( ye>s1 z is se5 by     

ref]r+ to ! places  :]e x is f\nd4 ,give
 x ?is well e/abli%$ mean+ 9 ! fir/     
*apt] ( ,g5esis1 & all is pla94 ,!re 0  
"t = millions (  races ( inf]ior        
creatures to live & die be=e ! div9e    
plans &  works 7 consummat$1 & ! e>?    
became a suitable abode = !  human race4
    #b4 ,! second great fact is t all   
?+s 7 made on a plan1 & 9  "s           
connection4 ,!re are no isolat$ objects 
or sup]flu\s p>ts 9  ! physical _w4 ,!  
numb] may be c\ntless1 & ! =ms giv5 !m  
reveal an endless v>iety1 b ea* has its 
connections1 & all !  p>ts are necess>y 
to a p]fect :ole4    #c4 ,ano!r lesson  
is le>n$ f ! mute witnesses1 :i* is t1  
:ile a long succession ( races (        
animals1 = :i* ! e>?1  9 its diff]5t    
/ages ( progress 0 a fit abode1 exi/$1  
ea*  high] 9 rank ?an its pr$ecessor1 ! 
sev]al races _h di/9ctive  *>act]i/ics1 
z ! radiates1 mollusks1 articulates1 &  
v]tebrates4 ,a l[] species1 :5 its      
purpose is s]v$1 becomes  ext9ct1 & is  
succe$$ by a high]4      ,,*emi/ry1     

,by analyz+ comp\nd & comp\nd+ simple   
sub/ances1 discov]s _!  elem5t>y        
prop]ties1 ! =ces t are resid5t 9 matt]1
 & !  laws t gov]n !m4 ,x demon/rates by
 exp]im5ts ! aff9ity (  ultimate        
p>ticles1 & ( gases ( unlike k9ds = ea* 
o!r1 an  aff9ity :i* produces homog5e\s 
comp\nds1 (t5 v unlike !  elem5ts t     
unite 9 =m+ !m4 ,! *emi/ has mu* to d ) 
physical objects1 b 9 h&l+ !m 8         
appropriate bus9ess is to  consid] !    
*anges produc$ by *emical attraction 9  
all bodies1  :e!r solid1 liquid1 or     
gase\s4      ,,geography    ,is an      
anci5t sci5ce1 suitable = s*ools ( all  
grades1 & n =  prim>y & int]m$iate      
dep>tm5ts alone4 ,! *ild c treasure _m  
( ! facts t1 if held 9 ! memory1 w be ( 
use to him z he  advances 9 ye>s & k1 b 
8 geography w b5efit him  little unless 
x is /udi$ :5 8 faculties are m mature4 
,"o :o  despises ?is /udy z b5ea? him1  
kn[s no?+ yet ( ! important  sci5ce z he
 ought4      ,,physical ,,geography     
,has _m ?+s 9 common ) bo? a/ronomy &   

geology1 z x  discusses ! physical      
condition ( ! e>? & its relations z a   
memb] ( ! sol> sy/em2 describes its     
great natural divisions (  l& & wat]2 & 
takes acc\nt ( dynamic =ces1 su* z a]ial
 &  oceanic curr5ts1 t are con/antly    
caus+ important *anges4 ,!  :ole ext]ior
 /ructure ( ! e>?1 ! ph5om5a ( ra9 &    
dew1  fog1 fro/1 & sn[1 are geographical
 que/ions1 to be discuss$ )  special    
ref]5ce to ! g5]al laws or pr9ciples    
involv$4 ,x %[s  unity 9 ! mid/ (       
div]sity1 & con/ancy ( ph5om5a 9 ! mid/ 
( app>5t *anges4      ,,ma!matical      
,,geography    ,treats ( ! =m & size ( !
 e>?1 ( ! con/ruction ( globes  to      
repres5t x2 det]m9es ! latitude &       
longitude ( places on its  surface1 &   
all geographical problems p]ta9+ to     
numb]s1 di/ances1  & magnitudes4        
,,political ,,geography    ,describes1 9
 a g5]al way1 ! c\ntries & nations ( m5 
z !y  are politically divid$1 def9es _! 
b\nd>ies1 & to "s ext5t  *>act]izes _!  
social & civil in/itutions4 ,a great    

advance has  be5 made 9 ?is bran* dur+ !
 pres5t c5tury4 ,p respect+  :om little 
0 kn[n1 h come into ! family ( nations4 
,! maps  h be5 *ang$1 & g5]ally 9 a way 
t indicates ! rapid  progress (         
civilization4 ,asia has be5 s ?or\ghly  
explor$ t our  g5]al k ( ! c\ntry may be
 reg>d$ z ne>ly complete4 ,no  great    
t]ra incognita rema9s 9 t qu>t]1 ?\gh   
full] & m  precise k respect+ ! p 9 "s  
p>ts is yet mu* to be  desir$4 ,!       
int]ior ( ,africa is /ill b p>tially    
kn[n1 ?\gh !  "w ( discov]y has be5 pu%$
 =w>d ) consid]able ent]prise1  & a ho/ 
( explor]s h /ruggl$ to p5etrate ! my/]y
 t  envelop$1 = ages1 t great division (
 ! globe4 ,! ,upp] ,nile  c\ntry has be5
 explor$ f> beyond ! region assign$ on !
 maps to  ! 8,m\nta9s ( ! ,moon10 & all 
"k ! int5se anxiety t is  to-day felt = 
! safety ( ,g5]al ,gordon & 8 little    
g>rison1  /ill %ut up 9 ,kh>t\m4    ,!  
/udy ( geography1 rightly pursu$1 is    
remun]ative1 full (  inspiration1 & z   
int5sely int]e/+ z any 9 ! :ole circle (

  physical sci5ces4      ,,biology      
,is sci5tific disc\rse ab\t life & vital
 =ces4 ,we give x a high  position 9 !  
circle1 s9ce vitality is sup]ior to ei!r
 *emical  or me*anical laws1 susp5d+ or 
modify+ !m = ! production (  organiz$   
/ructures ( plants & animals4 ,ev5      
vegetable biology  confronts u ) t my/]y
 ( my/]ies1 life1 :i* is q              
inexplicable4 ,we c only say x is a     
peculi>1 indef9able some?+1  necess>y to
 ! exi/5ce ( su* organisms1 & )\t :i* !y
 soon  s9k 9 ru9\s decay4    ,! liv+ g]m
 is ! det]m9+ p[] t %apes ! organic     
body1  & e g]m w h its own body4 ,"u no 
possible culture c !  acorn develop into
 an animal4 ,x w produce an oak1 a tree 
( its own  species1 & no?+ else c gr[ f 
x4 ,s also ( ! animal g]m4  ,! =m or k9d
 is z det]m9ate :ile ! embryo is yet 9 !
 egg1 z  x w ev] be4 ,! life once begun 
9 ev]y?+ t lives & gr[s1  !re is a p[] t
 takes hold ( ! elem5ts nature has 9    
/ore =  x1 &1 by a mo/ wond]ful         
trans=mation1 works !m up into its own  

body2 & ?is p[] ( assimilation mu/ =ev] 
di/+ui% x f all  lifeless inorganic     
matt]4    ,! my/]y deep5s :5 we notice t
 liv+ ?+s exi/ 9  g5]ations4 ,! plant   
has se$ 9 itself = ! production ( ano!r 
plant4 ,x has life 9 itself1 & p[] to   
vitalize its successors4 ,!  products ( 
! field & ! =e/ gr[ & mature1 !n )] &   
decay2 b !y h successors ( ! same k9d4  
,s human be+s exi/ 9 successive         
g5]ations4 ,"o g5]ation passe?  away1 & 
ano!r come?1 & s ! race lives on4 ,:ile 
alike 9 _!  p[] ( assimilation &        
reproduction1 !re is a wide diff]5ce    
betwe5 ! vegetable & ! animal4 ,!y h n !
 same organs1  & d n subsi/ on ! same   
food4 ,! plant is con/antly consum+     
c>bonic acid1 & giv+ out oxyg51 :ile    
animals consume ! oxyg51  & re/ore to ! 
atmosph]e c>bonic acid4 ,! diff]5ce ( _!
  physical /ructure1 & _! diff]5t       
relations to inorganic matt]1  sugge/ a 
wide diff]5ce 9 ! 8bios0 or life1 t     
animates !m4  ,j :at t diff]5ce is1 no  
"o c tell4 ,x is a "q =  :i* sci5ce     

furni%es no answ]4 ,9 8 physical        
organization man  diff]s b little f !   
l[] animals4 ,9 ?is he is bro!r to !    
bea/s t p]i%1 hav+ ! same nature1 ne$s1 
& liabilities4 ,if  he is 8fe>fully &   
wond]fully made10 s are !y2 9 agility & 
/r5g? _m ( !m f> surpass him4 ,8        
peculi>ities ( =m &  /ructure d n       
secure1 &1 x may be safely said1 7 n    
int5d$  to secure physical sup]iority1 b
 r to fit ! organization  = ! indwell+ (
 ! rational s\l1 t is 8 di/+ui%+        
*>act]i/ic4      ,,physical ,,a/ronomy  
,has be5 made ! subject ( mu* dilig5t   
rese>* & /udy4 ,"s facts  respect+ !    
physical elem5ts & /ructure ( ! sun &   
planets  h be5 asc]ta9$ ) reasonable    
c]ta9ty1 b mu* is /ill 9  d\bt4 ,assum+ 
t ! ess5tial prop]ties ( matt] are !    
same  ev]y:]e1 we may tell ) assurance (
 :at ! sun & />s are  made1 provid$ all 
sol> & /ell> ph5om5a are expla9$ by     
physical  laws t are und]/ood1 & 9      
op]ation ar\nd u4 ,?is has be5 done  9  
"p1 b n s z to h>monize ! views ( all   

a/ronom]s4 ,s9ce  ! use ( !             
spectroscope#e results h be5 m          
satisfactory1 &  on "s que/ions ( mu*   
int]e/1 conjecture & !ory h giv5  place 
to c]ta9ty4 ,by ! decomposition (       
sunbeams or p5cils ( sol>  light1 !     
refract$ rays %[ ! pres5ce ( sev]al     
di/9ct *emical  elem5ts4 ,f9d+ by a     
qualitative analysis t !re is iron1     
copp]1  z9c1 nickel1 sodium1 & o!r      
t]re/rial sub/ances 9 ! sol> &  /ell>   
spectra1 we "k t !y ent] into !         
composition ( ^?  cele/ial bodies4 ,b 9 
:at proportions or comb9ations !y exi/  
is  n kn[n4      ,,meteorology ,,&      
,,a]olites4    ,:o has n se5 a %oot+ />8
 ,= a mom5t ! bright objects d>t  ?r\gh 
great] or less spaces 9 ! heav5s1 & !n  
disappe>4 ,^?  ( inf]ior size give b    
little light1 & are seldom se5 unless  !
 eye is1 at ! "t1 direct$ t[>d ! space  
!y trav]se4  ,occasionally "o flames out
 ) su* brilliancy z to light up1 = a    
mom5t1 ! :ole heav5s4 ,^! are call$     
meteors--a "n q prop]  = bo? classes1 & 

only ! v ignorant suppose any ( !m to be
  real />s4 ,!y come s+ly1 two or ?ree 9
 an h\r1 or 9 %[]s1  su* z 7 witness$ 9 
#ahcc4 ,:5 ( su* size t !y /rike !  e>? 
be=e be+ consum$ by _! int5se heat1 !y  
are a]olites1  or meteoric /ones4 ,great
 masses ( ^! are f\nd 9 diff]5t places1 
& %[ su* a peculi> comb9ation ( _!      
*emical elem5ts z to  di/+ui% !m f all  
o!r /ones2 & m9]alogi/s g5]ally         
conclude !y 7 n =m$ on ! e>?4 ,:5ce !y  
come is n  c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,t !y 7 =m$ by 
an aggregation ( _!  mat]ials 9 our     
atmosph]e seems incr$ible4 ,nor 7 !y    
?r[n (f  by "s great convulsion1 f !    
moon1 ) =ce suffici5t to c>ry  !m beyond
 ! attraction ( t body4 ,p]haps mo/     
a/ronom]s n[  believe1 on :at !y ?9k    
suffici5t evid5ce1 t ! cele/ial  spaces 
are occupi$ by innum]able small bodies  
mov+ r\nd ! sun1  ( ^: nature & orbits  
no?+ is c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,! e>?1  x is     
suppos$1 :ile mak+ its annual circuit1  
mu/ be con/antly  enc\nt]+ !m1 &1 z 9   
pass+ rapidly ?r\gh ! upp] region  ( !  

atmosph]e !y take fire & burn1 ! %oot+  
/> or meteor  is simply ! light ( t     
flame4 ,! me*anical production ( heat1  
n[ well und]/ood1 %[s :y !y burn4 ,!    
rapid motion ( ! e>?1  especially if x  
be duplicat$ by t ( ! m9ute body /rik+  
?r\gh its atmosph]e1 w\ld g5]ate heat   
suffici5t to q consume  ! meteoroids2 s 
t g5]ally _! solid sub/ance is dissipat$
  be=e !y rea* ! gr\nd4 ,sometimes !    
heat$ a]olite explodes :5  9 su*        
proximity to ! e>? t ! fragm5ts fall    
be=e !y are  consum$4      ,,! ,,aurora4
    ,t mo/ int]e/+ atmosph]ic ph5om5a1 !
 ,aurora ,borealis1 ?\gh  s famili>1 has
 nev] be5 fully expla9$4 ,x is r>ely se5
 9  equatorial latitudes1 b increases 9 
frequ5cy & brightness z we g  nor?1 ev5 
to ! arctic circle4    ,9 ?is latitude  
all obs]v]s may at times notice two     
di/9ct =ms (  ! aurora4 ,! "o1 z we (t5 
see x1 has a cl\d-l appe>ance1  ) a s(t 
radiance p]meat+ x1 & seems a va/1      
irregul> pat*  ( mell[ light1 ev] *ang+1
 & at times %[+ a slightly r$di%  or    

purple t+e4 ,x is m frequ5tly se5 ne> ! 
nor!rn horizon1  hav+ ! =m ( a beautiful
 ar*1 ! ends ( ! segm5t app>5tly  re/+  
on ! horizon1 & ! middle1 or cr[n1 a few
 degrees above  x4 ,! o!r takes ! =m (  
/ream]s1 rea*+ f> up t[>d !  z5i?4      
,g5tly curv$1 l ! cele/ial sph]e on :i* 
!y are  project$1 !y are n /ation>y1 b  
almo/ con/antly 9 motion1  b soon resum+
 _! =m] position1 spread+ !mselves out l
  imm5se flags1 ) _! num]\s silk5 folds1
 ev] danc+1 quiv]+1  undulat+1 z if     
/irr$ by "s g5tle breeze1 ?\gh all else 
seems 9  calm repose4 ,to say t !       
ph5om5a are electrical1 w\ld1 probably1 
n be ! :ole tru?1 ?\gh evid5ce is n     
want+ t ! aurora  is 9 "s way connect$ )
 ! electricity & magnetism ( !  e>? &   
its atmosph]e4 ,practical telegraphi/s  
te/ify t dur+ a  brilliant display (    
8nor!rn lights0 su* /rong1 irregul>     
curr5ts (  electricity pass along !     
wires t x is difficult to s5d a dispat*2
  at o!r times ! curr5ts are s /rong t  
!y c communicate  )\t ! batt]y4    ,!re 

is1 p]haps1 ab\t z mu* aga9/ ! !ory ( a 
purely  electrical orig91 z 9 its favor1
 &1 on ! :ole1 we conclude  t ! ,aurora 
,borealis is "o ( ! ?+s respect+ :i*    
mod]n  obs]vations h sugge/$ m          
difficulties ?an mod]n sci5ce is yet    
able to expla94          ,,home ,,/udies
 ,,9 ,,*emi/ry ,,& ,,physics4    ,,by   
,,pr(4 ,j4 ,t4 ,,edw>ds1 ,d4 ,d4        
,director ( ! ,*autauqua ,s*ool (       
,exp]im5tal ,sci5ce4                    
,,fire4--,,physical ,,prop]ties4        
,cle>ness1 accuracy1 & brevity are !    
ess5tials ( good def9ition4  ,t x is no 
easy task to comb9e ^!1 e tea*]         
realizes4    ,p]haps x is ne> ! tru? to 
say t fire is t op]ation 9  nature :i*  
at ! same "t evolves heat & light4 ,!   
op]ation  is1 at ! pres5t "t1 suppos$ to
 be a c]ta9 vibration ( e!real  or m    
solid sub/ances4 ,all matt] is 9 motion4
 ,:5ce ?is motion  0 fir/ d]iv$ no      
philosoph] c tell1 unless he goes back  
to t  primal s\rce ( bo? matt] & motion1
 :i* 9 ! beg9n+ creat$  ! heav5s & !    

e>?1 & said1 8,let !re be light1 & !re 0
  light40    ,pr(4 ,james ,dwight       
,dana#a decl>es t ! fir/ act ( creative 
p[]  mu/ h be5 h]ald$ ?r\gh\t ! univ]se 
by a fla% ( light4 ,?us  ! geologi/     
unites ) ! scriptural n>rator1 9 !      
/atem5t t  light & heat belong$ to !    
fir/ day ( creation1 al?\gh sc(f]s  = a 
long "t ridicul$ ! idea t light c\ld    
exi/ )\t ! sun4    ,all space is suppos$
 to be fill$ ) a sub/ance call$ e!r1 &  
t x p]meates ev5 solid mat]ial4 ,:51 =  
any reason1 ! natural  motion ( !       
molecules ( matt] is mu* increas$1 ^!   
molecules  h ! p[] ( imp>t+ _! vibration
 to ! e!r 9 contact )  !m1 & t 9 turn   
may produce vibrations 9 o!r sub/ances1 
& if  ^! vibrations come 9 contact ) !  
n]ves ( t\*1 !re foll[s  ! s5sation (   
w>m? or heat4 ,if ! vibrations ( ! e!r  
are  /ill m rapid1 :5 !y fall ^u !      
ret9a1 we h ! s5sation  ( sight1 & we   
call ! ag5t light4 ,heat & light1 !n1   
are !  same4 ,9 "o in/ance ! vibration  
is capable ( affect+ "o set (  n]ves1 & 

9 ! o!r1 two sets ( n]ves4 ,!           
heat-vibration c be  discov]$ by ! s5se 
( t\* alone1 b ! light-vibration may be 
detect$ bo? by ! eye & ! t\*4    ,?is   
v>iation 9 s5sations1 :5 produc$ by !   
same cause1 may be  illu/rat$ z foll[s3 
,apply "s salt to ! tongue1 & place "s  
also 9 a w\nd1 ! two s5sations are      
entirely unlike4 ,aga91 !  vibrations ( 
a body may be s sl[ t we c discov] !m by
 t\*1  z %[+ resi/ance1 or s rapid t !y 
are report$ to ! e>  z a %rill s\nd1 or 
!y may be increas$ s int5sely z to      
evolve  heat1 & if /ill m increas$ 9    
rapidity1 affect ! eye z light4  ,!     
spectrum af=ds u /ill ano!r illu/ration 
( ?is tru?4 ,pass  ?r\gh a prism a s+le 
ray ( light1 lo1 x appe>s on ! scre5 9  
all ! colors ( ! ra9b[4 ,nor is ?is all2
 betwe5 ! bright  colors1 & beyond !    
violet & ! r$ are invisible l9es1 & !   
v>i\s p>ts ( ! spectrum1 al?\gh all are 
produc$ by ! "o ray1  are capable (     
creat+ q diff]5t results4 ,if "o %\ld   
place  a delicate !rmopile bel[ ! r$    

color1 x at once reports heat1  al?\gh !
 eye sees no?+ !re4 ,! beautiful colors 
( ! spectrum  fla% _! light into ! eye1 
raise ! temp]ature ( ! !rmomet]  &      
affect *emical trans=mations1 :ile1 /ill
 m wond]ful1 !  d>k l9es above ! violet1
 ?\gh unse5 & n indicat$ by !  !rmopile1
 act ^u ! s5sitiz$ plate ( ! photograph]
 )  decid$ *emical =ce4 ,?us *anges 9   
vibrations z to rapidity1 l5g?  &       
direction make *anges 9 ! result+       
s5sations4    ,light-waves are always   
heat-waves1 & heat-waves may1 by        
increas+ !  rapidity ( ! vibrations1    
become light-waves4 ,x w be obs]v$ t    
?ree ( our s5ses are close ak94 ,he>+1  
feel+ 7z reg>ds w>m?7  & see+ are all   
produc$ by vibrations4 ,x is q 9 accord 
) !  doctr9e ( mod]n sci5ce to believe t
 ! morn+ />s did 8s+  toge!r10 = light  
is ess5tially rhy?mic1 & to s5ses adapt$
 to  ! p]ception ( _! h>monies1 !       
sunbeams w\ld make music4 ,!  v>i\s     
colors ( ! spectrum diff] solely 9 !    
wave-l5g?s ( _!  vibrations4 ,! r$      

corresponds to l[ pit* 9 music & !      
violet to  high pit*4 ,z ! vibrations ( 
air /rik+ ^u ! e> increase 9  rapidity1 
! s\nd rises 9 ! scale4 ,!re is ?is     
diff]5ce betwe5  ! e> & ! eye--! =m]1 if
 tra9$1 c detect all ! tones 9 a  *ord (
 music1 :ile ! latt]1 h[ev] cultivat$1 c
 n disc]n !  v>i$ colors bl5d$ 9 :ite   
light4    ,!re mu/ be sixte5 vibrations 
9 a second to produce a cont9u\s  s\nd4 
,:5 ^! vibrations rea* ?irty-eight ?\s& 
9 a second !y  become inaudible4        
,eis5lohr#b in=ms u t ! r$ color 9 !    
spectrum has f\r  hundr$ & fifty-eight  
trillion vibrations 9 a second1 &       
extreme  violet sev5 hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5
 trillions4 ,! =m] yields #cg1fdj  waves
 9 an in*1 & ! latt] #ei1gej waves 9 !  
same space4 ,n[  m>k ano!r beautiful    
analogy betwe5 s\nd & sight4 ,9 look+ at
  ! spectrum we c n disc]n ! light or   
heat bel[ ! r$ color1  because ! waves  
are s sl[4 ,asc5d+ ! gamut ( color1 !   
rapidity  ( ! vibrations increases1     
until j beyond ! violet x becomes s     

great t ! eye c detect no color4        
,illu/ration3 ,,me*anical ,,en]gy       
,,trans=m$ ,,into ,,electricity4        
,ex4--,! boy on ! insulat$ /ool is      
repeat$ly /ruck ) "s furry  sub/ance1 l 
a tig] sk94 ,he becomes highly          
electrical & capable (  emitt+ sp>ks4   
,! same fact is discov]$ 9 ! _w (       
s\nd--beg9n+ )  vibrations :i* are too  
sl[ to be he>d at all1 we asc5d ! scale 
elev5 octaves1 :5 ! vibrations become s 
rapid z to be inaudible4  ,complete     
d>kness may be caus$ by ei!r too sl[ or 
too rapid  vibrations ( light & heat1 & 
utt] sil5ce by ! same conditions 9  !   
s\nd waves4      ,,s\rces ,,( ,,light   
,,& ,,heat4    ,^! are five 9 numb]3 ,! 
sun & />s1 *emical action1 p]cussion1   
friction & electricity4 ,/>s are suns1 b
 at a va/ di/ance f our  e>?1 ! ne>e/   
be+ tw5ty trillions ( miles away4 ,to   
o!r sy/ems  !y d\btless p]=m ! (fices ( 
suns4 ,be+ s remote1 h[ev]1  al?\gh (   
myriad numb]1 _! influ5ce ^u our e>? is 
h>dly  appreciable1 & w n1 !re=e1 be "h 

consid]$4    ,illu/ration3 ,,geissl]',s 
,,tubes4#c    ,ex4--,?is tube is fill$ )
 r>efi$ gases4 ,plat9um wires convey !  
electric curr5t ?r\gh ! tube1 reveal+   
curi\s /riat$ sections (  brilliant     
light1 v>y+ 9 %ape & color1 ) ! v>iety (
 gas &  ! degree ( r>efaction4    ,our  
sun is an imm5se res]voir ( en]gy4 ,x is
 difficult to conceive  its size4 ,x    
w\ld require twelve hundr$ ?\s& ( our   
globes to  equal x 9 volume4 ,m ?an "o  
hundr$ su* worlds z ours might be  /rung
 ^u ! l9e =m+ its diamet]4 ,! sun has   
be5 = ages  ?r[+ (f its vibrations (    
heat & light4 ,?\s&s ( ye>s be=e  fires 
7 k9dl$ on he>?/ones ?is =m ( en]gy1    
accord+ to  ! mod]n doctr9e ( !         
correlation ( =ces1 0 lock$ up 9 !      
tropical vegetation ( ! coal p]iods1 & 9
 ! great deposits (  coal pres]v$ =     
future use4 ,! same anticipatory        
b5evol5ce :i*  projects on its j\rney ! 
fri5dly ray ( ! nor? />1 =ty-?ree  ye>s 
be=e ! m>9]'s eye c see x1 provid$ fuel 
= man  ?\s&s ( ye>s be=e x 0 ne$$4      

,?is en]gy ( ! sunbeam reappe>s 9 !     
summ] w>m? ( our  dwell+s 9 w9t]1 9 !   
expansion ( /eam1 9 ! bl[ ( ! trip      
hamm]1 & ?robs ev5 9 ! pulsations ( !   
human he>t4    ,! cells ( all plants ne$
 ! =ce ( ! sun's rays to sep>ate !      
c>bon f ! oxyg5 conta9$ 9 ! c>bonic     
di-oxide absorb$ by  ! rootlets & /omata
 ( ! leaves4 ,?us ! great lum9>y builds 
! =e/s & clo!s ! e>? ) v]dure4 8,all    
fle% is grass10  & !re=e to ! =ces ( !  
sun's vibrations we mu/ trace n a       
little ( animal gr[? & /r5g?4 ,! sun    
gives out m heat ?an x  w\ld if six tons
 ( coal 7 burnt on e squ>e y>d ( its    
surface  e h\r4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el#d    
decl>es t its light is equal to t  ( "o 
hundr$ & =ty-six calcium lights1 ea* "o 
=m$ ( a ball  ( lime equal to ! sun 9   
bulk2 yet ev5 a small calcium light is s
  dazzl+ t ! eye c n look /eadily at x4 
,! c>eless expression sometimes he>d :5 
! moon %9es brightly1  8,x is z light z 
day10 is a /rik+ hyp]bole1 = x w\ld     
require  eight hundr$ full moons to     

equal ! brightness ( daylight4          
,illu/ration3 ,,electric ,,motion       
,,conv]t$ ,,into ,,sp>ks4    ,ex4--,a   
file is made "p ( ! circuit1 & z ! wire 
conduct+ !  electricity is rubb$ along !
 file1 ! circuit is alt]nately =m$  &   
brok51 & sp>ks foll[ ea* break+ ( !     
circuit4    ,( all =ms ( paganism1 t ( !
 ,fire ,wor%ip]s#e seems lea/           
unreasonable1 = ! sun is ev5 n[1 to u1 !
 be/ symbol (  b5efic5ce & unfail+      
en]gy4 ,aft] ?\s&s ( ye>s x %[s  no     
dim9ution ( p[]1 & al?\gh ! imag9ation c
 conceive !  possibility ( its          
de/ruction1 ! mo/ accurate sci5tific    
obs]vations  h n discov]$ ! slighte/    
indications ( its less5+ influ5ce4  8,8 
go+ =? is f ! end ( ! heav51 & 8 circuit
 unto !  ends ( x2 !re is no?+ hid f !  
heat !re(40      ,,*emical ,,action4    
,9 a prec$+ article ! *emi/ry ( fire has
 be5 consid]$ at  "s l5g?4 ,x only      
rema9s to m5tion briefly a few ( !      
physical  ph5om5a att5d+ x4 ,:5 elem5ts 
unite by ! =ce ( aff9ity1  x is suppos$ 

t _! atoms ru% toge!r1 & t _! motion is 
conv]t$ into heat4    ,9 ! case ( !     
galvanic batt]y ! impetu\s movem5t ( !  
atoms  t[>d ! poles becomes electricity4
 ,we h con/antly recurr+  in/ances 9    
nature ( t great tru? t en]gy1 ?\gh     
con/antly  disappe>+ is nev] lo/1 b     
reappe>s "u new manife/ations & a  new  
"n4 ,x may = a "t rema9 dormant1 & anon 
become p]ceptible1  z 9 ! case ( lat5t  
heat4 ,= example1 9 mix+ five p\nds (   
wat] at a temp]ature ( #bab ,fahr5heit1 
& five p\nds ( ice1 sev5  hundr$ &      
fifte5 units ( heat disappe> 9 melt+ !  
ice1 & !  aggregate temp]ature ( ! mass 
is proportionally l[] ?an t (  !        
sub/ances unit$4 ,b ^u _! return+ to _! 
=m] /ate1  ?is lat5t heat reappe>s z    
s5sible heat4    ,9 *emical action      
produc+ fire1 ! unit+ mat]ials are      
usually  conv]t$1 fir/1 into a gase\s   
=m1 b !re are "s exceptions4  ,! mo/    
int]e/+ is ! foll[+3 ,:5 a few flakes ( 
iod9e are  plac$ ^u a fragm5t (         
phosphorus1 ! atoms ( ! two elem5ts  ru%

 toge!r ) great en]gy1 produc+          
spontane\s combu/ion1 &  lib]at+        
suffici5t heat to burn ! sup]flu\s      
iod9e1 ) !  evolution ( beautiful violet
 fumes4    ,! me*anical action 9 flame  
is full ( int]e/4 ,its brightness always
  seems to dep5d ^u ! inc&esc5ce ( solid
 p>ticles4 ,?is c  easily be se5 9 an   
ord9>y lamp4 ,a piece ( cold porcela9   
ins]t$ 9  a flame w cool ! inc&esc5t    
c>bon1 & x w be deposit$ z  soot4    ,! 
,buns5#f burn] cle>ly proves t !        
brilliancy ( our lights  dep5ds ^u !    
inc&esc5ce ( ! c>bon4 ,?is is a         
contrivance =  pass+ jets ( air ?r\gh a 
flame1 s t ! intimate mix+ ( !  oxyg5 ( 
! air ) ! c>bon w cause ! imm$iate      
combu/ion  ( ! latt]4 ,?is results 9    
conv]t+ x in/antly to invisible gas     
7,,co7 be=e inc&esc5ce1 & consequ5tly ! 
,buns5 flame1 :ile x  is int5sely hot1  
emits b a feeble light4    ,any physical
 *ange t facilitates ! movem5t ( atoms  
seems to  increase ! int5sity ( *emical 
action4    ,illu/ration3 ,,%[+ ,,!      

,,production ,,( ,,electric ,,light ,,f 
,,c>bon  ,,po9ts4    ,ex4--,! rods are  
fir/ plac$ ne> toge!r1 !n z ! circuit is
  =m$ !y are drawn ap>t1 & ! electric   
light is =m$ betwe5  !m4    ,an         
in/ructive exp]im5t illu/rat+ !         
*>act]i/ics ( diff]5t  k9ds ( flame may 
be p]=m$ z foll[s3 ,place ne> ea* o!r a 
small  alcohol lamp & a piece ( p>aff9e 
c&le2 :5 light$ obs]ve !  two flames4 ,!
 ?ree cones 9 ea* c be easily disc]n$1 !
 c&le  burns ) a mu* bright] light1 %[+ 
x to be ri*] 9 inc&esc5t  c>bon4 ,ins]t 
9 ea* flame a piece ( f9e wire or n>r[  
/rip (  glass1 ei!r ( ^! w be mu* m     
quickly heat$ by ! alcohol  lamp1       
because its flame is ri*] 9 hydrog54 ,if
 a glass j> :i* is  cold be plac$ ov]   
ea*1 a film ( vapor 7,h,o7 w ga!r on t  
cov]+ ! alcohol lamp ) great] rapidity  
?an on ! o!r4 ,if !  j>s rema9 ov] !    
flames until !y are ext+ui%$ by ! lack (
  oxyg51 m c>bonic anhydride 7,,co7 w be
 =m$ f ! combu/ion  ( ! alcohol4        
,,p]cussion4    ,:5 a bl[ is arre/$ by  

an object1 ! motion is conv]t$ into     
heat4 ,! anci5t fl9t-lock gun & !       
p]cussion-cap fire-arm bo?  illu/rate   
?is fact4 ,9 ! =m]1 ! desc5d+ fl9t /ruck
 out !  sp>k1 & 9 ! latt] ! cap is      
explod$ by ! arre/$ hamm]4  ,! /roke ( a
 cannon ball is att5d$ ) a fla%4 ,if !  
_w 7  sudd5ly /opp$ 9 its c\rse1 heat   
en\gh w\ld be g5]at$ to set  x on fire4 
,nitro-glyc]9e & dynamite are explod$ by
 p]cussion4  ,famili> illu/rations ( ?is
 sci5tific tru? meet u 9 ev]yday life4  
,x has ev5 pass$ into a prov]b ) a moral
 application1 t 8h>d  cracks make !     
sp>ks fly40 ,a novel effect ( p]cussion 
may h be5  notic$ :5 a fall ^u ! ice has
 result$ 9 a me*anical di/urbance  ( !  
optic n]ve :i* reveal$ :ole             
con/ellations ( />s nev] yet  catalogu$4
      ,,friction4    ,x is a spirit$    
sight to wat* ! op]ation ( %>p5+ tools  
^u a  gr9d/one or em]y :eel run by /eam4
 ,%[]s ( sp>ks are produc$ by  !        
friction4 ,we (t5 obs]ve ! same ph5om5on
 :5 ! brakes are  appli$ to rapidly     

revolv+ c> :eels4 ,rails are heat$ by ! 
friction  ( ! pass+ tra94 ,y may h _h ! 
mis=tune1 :ile rid+1 to  h "o ( y\r     
c>riage :eels become set1 caus$ by ! box
 ( !  hub1 & ! axle becom+ s heat$ by   
friction z to 8unite0 _!  surfaces4 ,all
 ma*9]y requires con/ant wat*+ &        
lubrication to  prev5t undue friction & 
s]i\s we>+4    ,mills h n unfrequ5tly   
be5 set on fire by rapidly revolv+ belts
  com+ 9 contact ) ! woodwork4 ,:5 !    
:ale1 frantic ) !  pa9 ( ! h>poon1 d>ts 
away ) lightn+ spe$1 ! sailors are      
compell$ to da% wat] ov] ! sp9n+ :eel on
 :i* ! rope is  w\nd4    ,9 all ^!      
in/ances motion is trans=m$ into heat4  
,,electricity4    ,galvanic1 frictional1
 magnetic1 !rmal & animal electricity   
are all  capable ( produc+ heat4 ,! fir/
 also produces an int5sely brilliant    
light4 ,we h long be5 acqua9t$ ) !      
8,voltaic arc0#g ( !  galvanic batt]y1 b
 less famili> are ! magnific5t          
manife/ations  ( frictional electricity4
 ,dynamo-electric ma*9es are (          

comp>atively  rec5t con/ruction1 & _!   
object is to conv]t me*anical en]gy     
into t ( electric curr5ts1 & vice v]sa4 
,a /rik+ application ( galvanic         
electricity is frequ5tly se5 9  !       
dis*>ge ( gunp[d] & o!r explosives1 by  
mak+ ! electric  curr5t pass ?r\gh a    
small plat9um wire :i* is 9 close       
contact )  !m4    ,electric en]gy is    
propagat$ 9 waves1 & ?is wire1 be+ s    
small1 is  incapable ( transmitt+ !m all
 at once1 s !y beat ^u x until  _!      
repeat$ bl[s cause x to become r$ hot1 &
 ! mat]ial 9  contact is ?us ignit$4    
,p]haps ! gr&e/ illu/ration ( ?is action
 0 se5 9 bl[+ up  ! rocks ( ,hell       
,gate#h 9 ! ,ea/ ,riv]1 & ?us op5+ a    
safe  passage = ! comm]ce ( ! _w4 ,! t9y
 f+] ( a little *ild1  ! daught] ( !    
eng9e]1 at a giv5 signal1 press$ ! key t
  clos$ ! circuit1 &1 l olus1#i :5 he   
/ruck ! rock1 set free  ! mighty elem5ts
 ( de/ruction4    ,?is same pr9ciple1   
viz43 t resi/$ motion becomes heat &    
light1  is se5 9 bo? ! ,bru% & ! ,edison

 electric lights4 ,9 ! =m]1  electric   
curr5ts pass along wires to c>bon po9ts1
 %ap$ l a  crayon1 & cov]$ by a film (  
copp]1 & sep>at$ by a di/ance  ( ab\t "o
 half in*4 ,! air betwe5 is a           
non-conductor1 & "h  ! flame is =m$4 ,9 
! ,edison light1 h[ev]1 ! two conduct+  
wires ent] a glass globe1 f :i* ! air is
 exclud$4 ,"h !y are  connect$ ) a      
spiral wire ab\t z l>ge z a knitt+      
ne$le1 &  ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 l5g?4  
,:5 ! electricity is turn$ on1  ?is     
spiral gl[s ) an int5sely brilliant :ite
 light4    ,illu/ration3 ,,solids       
,,diff] ,,z ,,to ,,conduct+ ,,p[]4      
,ex4--,if we hold a pipe /em or rod (   
glass 9 "o h& & a copp]  wire 9 ! o!r1 &
 apply ! ends ( ^! to a flame1 ! wire w 
convey ! s5sation mu* m quickly to ! h& 
?an ! o!r4 ,?is  %[s t solids diff] z to
 conduct+ p[]4    ,a m>vel\s illu/ration
 ( ! relation betwe5 electric & s\nd    
vibrations is f\nd 9 ! telephone &      
microphone4 ,! =m] is  becom+ a h\sehold
 necessity2 ! latt]1 ?\gh n s well kn[n1

 is  n less wond]ful4 ,x br+s to our e> 
! tick ( a wat* miles away1  & ?r\gh x !
 walk+ ( a fly s\nds l ! tramp ( a      
horse4      ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,heat4   
,heat is di/ribut$ by radiation1        
conduction1 & convection4 ,by !  fir/ we
 mean t heat$ bodies h ! p[] ( project+ 
f  !mselves1 by means ( ! e!r1 _! own   
vibrations4 ,?us ! sun is  con/antly    
di/ribut+ its light & heat 9 all        
directions4 ,conduction  takes place :]e
 ! molecules ( a sub/ance ne>e/ a fire  
fir/  become heat$ & !n imp>t _! motion 
to ! rema9d] ( ! mass1  some:at z 9 a r[
 ( susp5d$ ivory balls1 ! fir/ ( :i*1 :5
  /ruck1 transmits its motion f ball to 
ball1 ! la/ "o fly+ (f4    ,convection  
takes place 9 liquids & gases4 ,"h !    
p>ticles 9  contact ) ! heat$ body      
becom+ light] by expansion1 rise1 & are 
foll[$ by o!rs1 ?us =m+ a curr5t4       
,illu/ration3 ,,wat] ,a ,,poor          
,,conductor4    ,ex4--,fill a tube ne>ly
 full ( wat]1 apply+ a flame to ! upp]  
"p ( ! tube4 ,! wat] at ?is po9t w      

readily boil1 :ile t  9 ! l[] "p ( !    
tube rema9s cool1 %[+ t wat] is a poor  
conductor1 & t liquids mu/ be heat$ by  
convection4    ,! process ( w>m+ a room 
illu/rates ! ?ree me?ods ( heat         
di/ribution4 ,! heat passes ?r\gh ! /ove
 by conduction1 away f  x by radiation1 
& to ! remote p>ts ( ! room by          
convection4      ,,effects ,,( ,,heat4  
,!y are f\r 9 numb]4 ,rise ( temp]ature1
 expansion1 liquefaction1  evaporation4 
,! fir/ indication ( ! pres5ce ( heat is
 discov]$  by an elevation 9 temp]ature4
 ,?\gh man is n a reliable !rmomet]1  he
 w\ld be able1 ord9>ily1 ev5 if bl9d1 to
 *ronicle ! progress  ( ! sun1 f horizon
 to horizon1 by ! increas+ & decreas+   
w>m?4 ,! little !rmomet] plac$ b5ea? !  
tongue ( ! invalid  gives reliable      
report ( ! combu/ion go+ on )9 8 sy/em4 
,we  see a ?\s& illu/rations ( !        
expansive effects ( heat1 _m (  :i* are 
famili> to all4 ,! exceptions are m     
int]e/+ ?an !  rule1 & less kn[n1 !     
ord9>y rule be+ t heat exp&s & cold     

7abs5ce ( heat7 contracts4 ,wat]        
contracts by cold until x rea*es  !     
temp]ature ( #ci1 & !n exp&s ) great    
viol5ce until  congelation is complet$1 
at #cb4 ,a ,briti% (fic] 9 ,quebec fill$
 a  twelve in* %ell ) wat]1 & clos$ !   
fuse hole ) a wood5 plug  securely driv5
 9 ) a mallet4 ,^u be+ expos$ to int5se 
cold !  plug 0 project$ a di/ance (     
sev]al hundr$ feet1 & a long tongue  (  
ice 0 f\nd protrud+ f ! op5+4    ,x is  
suppos$ t suffici5t heat w\ld conv]t all
 solids fir/ into  liquids1 & !n into   
gases4 ,9 ! process ( di/illation1 if we
 wi%  to reta9 its products1 we comb9e  
bo? heat+ & cool+4    ,! k ( ! melt+ &  
vaporiz+ po9t ( sub/ances is (  imm5se  
value4 ,we are enabl$ ?us to drive (f & 
secure ! v>i\s  +r$i5ts ent]+ into _m   
complex sub/ances4 ,a notable in/ance   
is se5 9 ! means us$ to secure ! ri* &  
v>i$ products (  petroleum4             
,,!rmomet]s4    ,^! are n ! only        
measur]s ( heat4 ,we h ! pyromet]s1 us$ 
= asc]ta9+ ! temp]ature ( extremely hot 

bodies1 & !  !rmo-electric pile1 an     
app>atus :i* con/itutes ! mo/ delicate  
te/ = heat :i* has be5 devis$4 ,x w     
detect heat 9 ! body (  a fly walk+ ne> 
x4    ,illu/ration3 ,,%[+ ,,di/illation4
    ,ex4--,place a small am\nt ( wat]1  
color$ ) ink1 9 a flask1 &  apply heat4 
,! wat] w be vaporiz$1 & 9 pass+ ?r\gh !
  tube1 :i* is surr\nd$ by ano!r tube   
conta9+ cold wat]1 x is  cond5s$ z a    
colorless liquid4    ,!rmomet]s are (   
?ree k9ds1 z to ! mat]ials us$4 ,!y are 
air1  alcohol1 & m]curial4 ,9 ea* case !
 contraction & expansion (  ^!          
respective sub/ances are made to regi/] 
v>iations ( heat &  cold4 ,!y are ( ?ree
 k9ds1 z to _! sy/em ( grad+--,raumur's1
  ! ,c5tigrade1 & ,fahr5heit's4 ,! fir/ 
two make z]o ! freez+  po9t2 ! la/ makes
 #cb4 ,! boil+ po9t ( ,raumur's is #hj1 
!  ,c5tigrade #ajj1 & ,fahr5heit's #bab4
 ,once m *ang+ ! basis (                
classification1 we f9d !rmomet]s divid$ 
into ?ree classes1 )  ref]5ce to !      
purposes !y s]ve4 ,! ord9>y !rmomet]    

records  ! degree ( heat or cold at !   
mom5t ( obs]vation4 ,! diff]5tial       
!rmomet]s c be made ( two ord9>y        
!rmomet]s1 by wrapp+ a  piece ( clo?    
ar\nd ! bulb ( "o2 ^! w\ld %[ at any    
giv5  mom5t :e!r x 0 gr[+ w>m] or cold]4
 ,if x is gr[+ w>m1  ! column ( m]cury 9
 ! !rmomet] ) ! cov]$ bulb w  /& l[] ?an
 ! o!r1 z ! clo? prev5ts ! heat rea*+ ! 
quicksilv] z readily z 9 ! o!r4 ,if x is
 high] ?an 9 !  o!r1 ! wea!r is gr[+    
cold]1 z ! cov] prev5ts ! heat f  go+ (f
 z rapidly z f ! o!r4 ,! ?ird class1 !  
regi/]+  !rmomet]1 is s call$ because x 
m>ks ! extremes ( temp]ature4  ,)\t go+ 
into detail1 x is p]haps suffici5t to   
say t a m9ute  b> ( /eel is plac$ on top
 ( ! column ( m]cury1 & rema9s at  any  
po9t to :i* x is pu%$1 ?us record+ !    
greate/ degree (  heat dur+ any giv5    
int]val ( "t4 ,some:at simil> 9         
arrangem5t  is ! alcohol !rmomet]1 m>k+ 
! greate/ degree ( cold4 ,x w1  ( c\rse1
 be und]/ood t almo/ all app>atus is    
greatly v>i$ to  s]ve special purposes4 

,! limits ( our article w preclude fur!r
  discussion ( fire 9 relation to light1
 al?\gh ! subject ( bo?  physical &     
physiological topics is full (          
fasc9ation & value4    ,end ( ,requir$  
,read+ = ,m>*4    ,! mo/ important "q = 
! good /ud5t & read] is n1  amid/ ?is   
multitude ( books :i* no man c numb]1 h[
 mu* he %all  read4 ,! really important 
que/ions are1 fir/1 :at is ! quality (  
:at he does read2 &1 second1 :at is 8   
mann] ( read+ x4 ,!re  is an analogy :i*
 is m ?an accid5tal betwe5 physical &   
m5tal  assimilation & dige/ion2 &1      
homely z ! illu/ration may seem1  x is !
 mo/ =cible ,i c use4 ,let two sit d[n  
to a table spread  ) food2 "o possess$ (
 a heal?y appetite1 & kn[+ some?+  ( !  
nutriti\s qualities ( ! v>i\s di%es be=e
 him2 ! o!r  curs$ ) a pamp]$ &         
caprici\s appetite1 & kn[+ no?+  ( !    
results ( *emical & physiological       
inve/igation4 ,"o %all  make a bett]    
meal1 & g away /rong] & bett] f$1 on a  
di% (  oatmeal1 ?an ! o!r on a d9n] t   

has half empti$ 8 pockets4  ,%all we    
/udy physiological *emi/ry & "k all ab\t
 :at is food  = ! body1 & neglect m5tal 
*emi/ry1 & be utt]ly c>eless z  to :at  
nutrim5t is conta9$ 9 ! food we give our
 m9ds8 ,:o c  ov]-e/imate ! value ( good
 books1 ^? %ips ( ?\ght1 z ,bacon  s    
f9ely calls !m1 voyag+ ?r\gh ! sea ( "t1
 & c>ry+  _! preci\s freight s          
safely6--,pr(4 ,w4 ,p4 ,atk9son4        
,,! ,,mohamm$an ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cairo4
    ,,by ,,bi%op ,,john ,f4 ,,hur/1 ,d4 
,d41 ,,ll4,d4      ,ye>s ago ,i _h tak5 
pa9s to ga9 all accessible in=mation    
conc]n+  ! mo/ celebrat$1 & c]ta9ly also
 ! l>ge/1 univ]sity 9 !  entire         
,mohamm$an _w4 ,9 #ahga :5 9 ,cairo a   
numb] ( days1 ?r\gh  lack ( a prop]     
guide & full k ( ?is important          
in/itution1  ,i left ! city )\t see+ x4 
,i 0 det]m9$ ?is "t1 !re=e1  to make    
sure ( a visit to x1 & to see c>efully1 
) my own  eyes1 ?is m>vel ( ! ,mohamm$an
 fai?4 ,! ,univ]sity is locat$  9 a     
mosque1 & is1 9 fact1 ! "o *ief bus9ess 

( ! mosque  itself4 ,religion--su* z x  
is--is ! fundam5tal feature ( all       
,moslem  education4 ,n a sci5ce is      
taught 9 any s*ool ( ,mohamm$anism :i*  
does n beg9 ) ! ,koran1 & aga9 come back
 to x4 ,:e!r law  or m$ic9e or          
geometry--9 fact1 :atev] is communicat$ 
to ! "y1  ! fir/ & ev] pr$om9ant lesson 
imp>t$ ) x & ?r\gh x  is1 t ! ,koran is 
! f\nta9 ( all sci5ce4 ,v naturally1 !n1
  ! s*ool is a "p ( ! s]vice ( ! mosque4
 ,?is idea is n new4  ,x is an ori5tal  
habit4 ,we f9d pro(s ev5 9 ! ,scriptures
 t !  *ur* 0 ,god's fir/ s*ool4 ,9      
anci5t ,egypt ! temple1 ! palace1  & !  
s*ool 7 ! p]fect$ tr9ity 9 e city1 & (t5
 !  temple & ! s*ool 7 s closely enclos$
 t no c>eful obs]v]  c\ld tell :]e "o   
began & ! o!r end$4 ,! same idea        
re-appe>s  9 ! arrangem5ts :i*          
,*>lemagne made = ! high] education (  !
 ,franki% empire4 ,! s*ool 0 (t5 locat$ 
"u ! palace & 9  close connection ) !   
*apel ro(1 & 0 call$ s*olia palat9a1  or
 ! s*ool ( ! palace4 ,at fir/ ! object  

seems to h be5 t  ! emp]or's *ildr5 &   
o!r *ildr5 ( ! c\rt might h !  be/      
opportunity = le>n+2 b v soon ! limits  
became broad]1  & all :o want$ to le>n  
c\ld h e advantage1 )9 close  di/ance ( 
bo? *ur* & palace4    ,! approa* to !   
,univ]sity ( ,cairo is a n>r[ /reet1 )  
op5 boo?s on ei!r side1 :]e ! artisans  
ply _! crafts 9  full view ( e pass]-by4
 ,?ree indu/ries take ! lead ( all      
o!rs--book-sell+1 book-b9d+1 &          
hair-%av+4 ,! ne>e/ /reet  to !         
,univ]sity be>s ! "n ( ! ,/reet ( ! ,b1 
& su* x  may well be call$4 ,!          
,mohamm$an has always a %av5 head4 ,he  
we>s a  great turban1 ( :ite or "s o!r  
color4 ,gre5 is ! mo/ infrequ5t  %ade1 =
 t indicates t ! we>] is a desc5dant ( !
 prophet  ,mohamm$4 ,n "o hair is all[$ 
"u t turban4 ,:5 x gets a  little long !
 b>b] mu/ %ave ! pate z clean z an o/ri*
 egg4  ,all along a "p ( ! /reet lead+  
to ! ,univ]sity ! b>b]s sit  on ! floors
 _! %ops1 & %ave ! heads ( _! cu/om]s4  
,!  "o to be %av$ does n sit 9 a *air1 b

 simply /ret*es out full  l5g? on !     
floor & puts 8 head 9 ! lap ( ! b>b]1 :o
 also  sits on ! floor1 ) 8 feet d\bl$  
up "u him4 ,!n beg9s !  process ( %av+4 
,x is a mo/ l[ly op]ation4 ,no pap] is  
us$ dur+  ! process1 ! b>b] gett+ rid ( 
! %av$ hair & soap by wip+  ! razor on 8
 cu/om]'s face until ! entire tonsorial 
feat is  f9i%$ & an ablution ( cranium &
 face is 9 ord]4 ,9 addition to  ! b>b] 
%ops !re are probably n less ?an        
tw5ty-five book %ops1  z _m b9d]ies1 & a
 good numb] ( /ation]y /alls4 ,^! are   
all  ( mode/ dim5sions1 b are well /ock$
 ) ev]y?+ t a /ud5t  ne$s t is to say1 a
 /ud5t ( ! ,mohamm$an ord]4    ,betwe5 !
 po9t :]e ! /reet ends & ! ,univ]sity   
enclosure  prop]1 !re is a l>ge =e-c\rt4
 ,"h "o sees su* a m$ley ( all  =ms (   
life & /range habits1 9 connection )    
/udy1 t he c  nev] =get x4 ,x is ! place
 :]e no s]i\s /udy goes on1 b  :]e !    
news is discuss$ & conv]sation enjoy$4  
,ev5 ! b>b]s  h spill$ ov] into ?is     
c\rt1 = ,i saw a numb] ( !m busily  %av+

 ! heads ( out/ret*$ /ud5ts4 ,"o ( !m1  
see+ a ,frank  scann+ 8 "w1 /opp$ a     
mom5t1 & hold+ up 8 razor f !  pate :i* 
he _h ne>ly made bald aga91 ask$ me if  
,i did n want  to be %av$ too4 ,i ?ank$ 
him--b _h n "t4 ,imag9e a half-doz5     
/ud5ts ly+ ab\t 9 ,mead ,hall1 9 ,drew  
,sem9>y1 ne> ! doors (  ,drs4 ,butts1 or
 ,/rong1 or ,miley1 or ,crooks1 or      
,upham1 & hav+ _!  heads %av$ by busy   
b>b]s1 :o sit flat on ! m>ble floor &   
relieve ! crania ( _! !ological patrons 
( _! la/ capill>y  end[m5t6 ,!n ?9k (   
/ud5ts mun*+ at a cru/ ( d>k bread or a 
pomegranate1 or "s edible1 good or poor1
 accord+ to 8 res\rces4  ,"s /ud5ts h   
families1 & "h ! *ildr5 come & play ab\t
  !m1 at times :5 _! fa!rs are n busy ) 
_! books4 ,s f>  z ,i c\ld see1 !re 0 no
 =mal /udy+ 9 ?is great =e-c\rt4        
,p]haps !re 7 a hundr$ p]sons 9 x1 ly+1 
sitt+1 walk+4  ,"s alone ) _!           
m$itations1 o!rs ent]ta9+ a gr\p ( eag] 
li/5]s1 & ge/iculat+ ) ori5tal realism4 
,only "o class _h  ! appe>ance ( any "w1

 a gr\p ( boys4 ,"o ( ! numb] displeas$ 
8 tea*]1 :]eupon ! latt] beat him sm>tly
 ) 8 fi/ until  ! little fell['s eyes   
swam 9 te>s2 my blood fairly boil$ at ! 
tea*]'s cruelty4 ,i ?\ght ,i 0 already 9
 ! ,univ]sity prop]1 b  ?is 0 a s]i\s   
error4 ,! in/itution 0 yet to come2 ,i 0
 only  approa*+ ! great e/abli%m5t4     
,i _h no soon] t\*$ ! ?re%old ( ! great 
c5tral hall ?an  a man met me1 &1 ) a   
mo/ polite salaam1 in=m$ me t ,i mu/  n[
 put on slipp]s4 ,he 0 a magnific5t     
specim5 ( a well develop$               
,egyptian--tall1 muscul>1 grave1 yet    
pleasant1 & only answ]+ su*  que/ions z 
7 put to him4 ,unlike ! ,european guides
 9 blue &  brass1 ^? ( ,africa h no     
/]eotype spee*es :i* !y hurl  at y1 z !y
 h done at ! ?\s&s be=e y4 ,9 a mom5t   
f\r pairs ( s(t slipp]s1 ( yell[        
%eepsk91 7 br\ght to my  companions &   
myself1 & ! w>y h&s :i* br\ght !m slipp$
  !m on ov] our boots & ti$ !m on ) r$  
/r+s4 ,we 7 n[ to  ent] ^u ! holy /one  
floor ( ! great hall ( ,mohamm$an le>n+1

  & only holy du/ mu/ fall ^u t         
tessellat$ floor1 & !n only  ) s(te/    
t\*4 ,"h 0 a sc5e :i* baffles all       
description4 ,!  hall 0 ab\t two hundr$ 
& fifty feet long & two hundr$ wide4    
,all ! classes 7 recit+1 engag$ 9 "w1 or
 li/5+ to !  pr(essor4 ,e "o :o recit$  
did x l\dly4 ,i /ood beside "o (  !     
!ological pr(essors & wat*$ 8 me?od4 ,8 
class numb]$  =ty /ud5ts1 ^: v>i\s      
physiognomies %[$ t !y _h come  f e "p (
 ! broad ,mohamm$an _w4 ,! pr(essor sat 
squat  on ! floor1 ) 8 b>e feet d\bl$ up
 ab\t him4 ,!re is no craze  z yet among
 ,mohamm$ans = only "y tea*]s4 ,?is man1
 l _m  o!rs1 _h long s9ce pass$ beyond  
middle life4 ,8 heavy gray be>d  & v d>k
 face 7 light$ up by z ke5 a pair (     
black eyes z  ev] became diamonds1 :5 !y
 saw 9 8 "y days ! prophet's tor*  9    
,mecca1 or 9 vision beheld ! curta9     
drawn aside :i* hides !  ,moslem p>adise
 f human sight4 ,! =ty /ud5ts sat ab\t  
him 9 a  circle1 yet 9 su* way t all 7  
be=e him at once4 ,he 0 "o (  ! circle1 

9 fact1 & z he taught he sway$ to & fro1
 & look$  (f into ! di/ance z if 9      
rev]ie1 & !n aga9 at 8 class1 &1  ) an  
int5sity t only an ,arab possesses1 he  
burn$ 8 ideas into  ! v bra9 ( ! /ud5ts4
 ,he sat at ! foot ( a /one pill>1 &    
lean$ aga9/ x at int]vals1 :5 8 we>y =m 
ne$$ a little re/4    ,?is !ological    
pr(essor _h ! me?od ( all4 ,he held a ?9
 book 9  8 h& :i* seem$ to be 8 own     
brief1 &1 aft] read+ snat*es  f x1 he   
gave a comm5t or explanation ( x1 & !n  
_h "o /ud5t  & !n ano!r repeat :at he _h
 said4 ,our ,am]ican infant class  me?od
 ( tea*+ v]ses1 & hav+ !m committ$ to   
memory :ile !  class are toge!r1 & !n   
repeat+ !m1 s t ! tea*] c  see t ! "w is
 well & surely done1 is precisely !     
me?od (  bo? elem5t>y & advanc$         
education 9 ?is greate/ univ]sity (  !  
,mohamm$an _w4 ,! brief ( ?is !ological 
pr(essor 0 m]ely  8 collection (        
def9itions1 & ^! 7 committ$ to memory on
 !  spot4 ,"s ( ! /ud5ts _h %eets ( t91 
some?+ small] ?an !  %eets ( ro(+ t9 )  

:i* we are famili> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4   
,on  ^! !y wrote 9 ink1 ) re$ /yles1 & )
 su* dext]ity t a  :ole page 0 fill$ 9 a
 v %ort "t4 ,:at 0 writt5 on ^! t9      
slates 0 tak5 away1 & design$ to be     
committ$ to memory1 :5 t  process 0 n   
f9i%$ dur+ ! session ( ! class4    ,n[ !
 entire floor ( ?is imm5se hall 0 cov]$ 
) classes  at "w4 ,no tea*] or /ud5t sat
 9 a *air4 ,!re 0 n ev5 a  foot/ool 9 ! 
entire ,univ]sity4 ,! pr(essors & /ud5ts
 =m$  little or l>ge gr\ps all ov] !    
imm5se space1 no class int]f]+  ) ano!r1
 & ea* go+ on ) its "w z if alone1 & yet
 n a  p>tition or a curta9 divid+ !     
gr\ps at /udy4 ,i saw only a little     
eat+ "h1 an occasional /ud5t slily mak+ 
a lun* ( new dates1 !  fruit ) 8gold    
du/0 on x1 n[ j 9 f ! c\ntry4    ,i c\ld
 n help notic+ ! v>i\s ages ( ! /ud5ts4 
,"s 7  really v advanc$ 9 ye>s4 ,!y 7   
wak$ up v late 9 life4  ,some?+ _h brok5
 loose "u _! tw5ty-five y>ds ( cotton   
clo?  :i* !y call a turban1 & !y _h come
 d[n ! ,nile ) ! rise1  or _h be5 waft$ 

f ! ,d>fur s&s1 & 7 go+ to /udy4 ,!y    
c\ld d m1 & be m1 :5 !y w5t back aga94  
,"h1 too1 0  ! old-"t idea4 ,! notion t 
a univ]sity is a ?+ = ! "y  alone is a  
mod]n affair4 ,! old conception 01 x 0  
ev]ybody's  place--! univ]sum ( m5 z    
well z /udies4 ,9 ,mohamm$anism1 z 9    
,*ri/ianity1 :5 once ! passion = le>n+  
/rikes "o1 ! ye>s  c\nt no?+4 ,! p]son 9
 ! fifties or ev5 9 sixties is j z  apt 
to be ov]:elm$1 swept on1 by ! le>n+    
fr5zy z ?\gh he 7  only eighte5 & smitt5
 by o!r inspirations4    ,! entire numb]
 9 att5dance at ?is greate/ ,univ]sity (
 !  ,mohamm$ans is ab\t ?irte5 ?\s&4 ,"s
 calculations place x at  fifte5 ?\s&4  
,!y come f e "p ( ! _w :]e !  cimet> (  
,mohamm$ & 8 successors has drawn blood1
 & :]e !  cresc5t n[ floats4 ,ea* "p ( !
 l>ge hall has its nation1 :]e  ! /ud5ts
 are gr\p$ t]ritorially4 ,"h1 9 "o      
place1 are !  ,b5guelese1 f s\?we/]n    
,africa2 9 ano!r place are ! ,alg]9es1  
f ! s\nd ( ! ,m$it]ranean surf4 ,yond]  
are only ,?racians1 f  s\? ( ! ,balkans4

 ,?is gr\p1 z black z y\r hat1 consi/s  
entirely  ( ,nubians4 ,ano!r is made up 
solely ( natives ( ,zanzib>4 ,^!        
divisions rea* into ne>ly all ! ,asiatic
 & ,african l&s4 ,!re are               
,afghani/aneze & o!rs f /ill f>!r ea/1 f
 ! v he>t (  ,india1 & ev5 f ! f>       
,pacific isl&s4 ,"o has only to see ^!  
collections ( /ud5ts1 mass$ ar\nd a     
tea*] ( _! own language  & nationality1 
to become conv9c$ ( ! broad field (     
,mohamm$anism  & ! might9ess ( ! ef=t   
ne$ful to uproot x4    ,pov]ty6 ,t is no
 "n = ! condition ( ! /ud5ts4 ,!y come  
to  ,cairo f ! f>-(f regions1 impell$ by
 "s passion bord]+ on  t = le>n+1 liv+  
on a little cru/ & fruit1 hav+ no sleep+
  place at night save ! space ( ! sacr$ 
mosque :i* s]ves z a  univ]sity1 nev]   
pay+ a pia/re = all ! in/ruction ( ye>s1
 &  look+ =w>d ) e>ne/ long+ to ! "t :5 
!y c leave  aga9 & imp>t to _! native   
villages1 or ! v des]t wa/es1 !  wisdom 
:i* !y h ga9$ 9 ! %ades ( ! great hall (
 le>n+  9 ! ,cairo ( ! caliphs4 ,!re is 

a da% ( self-seek+ 9 _!  com+ hi!r4 ,:5 
! tocs9 ( w> is s\nd$1 !re is no        
exemption  f conscription save le>n+4   
,he :o has once ent]$ ! doorway is  safe
 f ! conscription li/4 ,7 an attack made
 on ! v citadel  :]e ,mohamm$ ,ali put  
to dea? e plott+ ,mameluke--except "o1  
:o  leap$ ^u 8 fai?ful ,arab /e$ &      
plung$ safely into ! dep?s  bel[--no?+  
c\ld t\* him4 ,he has come to ! f\nta9 (
 k1  & ,m>s has no claim ^u him4 ,at !  
pres5t "t ! numb] (  /ud5ts is n s l>ge 
z usual1 = !re is no fe> ( a w>1 except 
su* z ! ,engli% are fight+ & hold+      
!mselves responsible =4  ,i look$       
c>efully at ! k9d ( food :i* ^! /ud5ts  
ate1 & 9  all cases x 0 ( ! simple/     
quality4 ,"s 7 tak+ _! solid  d9n]1 & x 
0 no?+ m ?an a rude b[l ( l5til s\p or a
 flat  cake ( p\nd$ gra94 ,! clo?+ 9 mo/
 cases betok5$ ! same  pov]ty4 ,!       
slipp]s 7 ( rude con/ruction1 su* z     
fifte5 c5ts  w\ld buy1 & ev5 ^! are to  
be worn at ! g5]al pray]1 :i*  beg9s !  
day = all ! /ud5ts1 only to be laid     

aside dur+ !  lat] h\rs4 ,! habit is a  
loose black1 or o!r color$ robe1 :i*    
has become ?readb>e by long usage4 ,i am
 sure ,i saw _m /ud5ts1 &  pr(essors z  
well1 ^: entire dress c\ld n h co/ five 
francs  apiece4 ,?is dress !y h on1     
moreov]1 is ! :ole scope ( _!  w>drobe4 
,:5 !y get ano!r suit x w probably be :5
 !y rea*  home aga91 & ent] ^u _! call+ 
= life4    ,! pr(essors get no sal>y4   
,!y h pass$ ?r\gh v>i\s /ages  ( le>n+1 
& :5 once !y h committ$ e ^w ( ! ,koran1
  & p]haps "s ( ! m not$ comm5t>ies on x
 to memory1 &  h giv5 o!r pro(s (       
aptness at tea*+1 !y are decl>$ able  to
 in/ruct4 ,b !y get no pay = tea*+4     
,nei!r ! ,univ]sity  treasury pays !m1  
nor does ! /ud5t d x4 ,_! in/ruction is 
positively gratuit\s4 ,n[1 if by copy+ !
 ,koran or o!r book1 or  by private     
tea*+ 9 families1 or by do+ "s outside  
manual "w1  !y c be support$1 well &    
good4 ,b = sitt+ squat on ! sacr$  m>ble
 floor & tea*+ /ud5ts ! holy laws1 & all
 ! holy  sci5ces t come f !m1 !re mu/ be

 no it*+ palm4 ,?is is !  "o place1 &   
only "o1 s f> z ,i c recall1 :]e ,i h   
be5 :]e  !re has be5 no call = back%ee%4
    ,h[1 !n1 is ?is imm5se e/abli%m5t   
support$8 ,i answ]1 t _m  /ud5ts are    
su/a9$1 & s p]mitt$ to rema9 at !       
,univ]sity1  by ! funds ( ! in/itution4 
,! treasury1 in/ead ( tak+ c>e  ( !     
pr(essor1 goes r to keep+ ! /ud5t f     
/>vation4  ,!re are _m end[m5ts :i* h   
fall5 into ! h&s ( ! /ate  :i* con/itute
 a l>ge "p ( ?is treasury4 ,education   
has always be5  an attractive inve/m5t1 
& _m ,mohamm$ans h left sums ( money  = 
?is purpose1 & s ! ,univ]sity ( ,cairo  
owes a good "p (  its weal? to ?is      
s\rce4 ,aga91 :5 funds fall f c]ta9     
causes1  into ! treasury ( !            
/ate--p]haps prop]ty = :i* !re are no   
heirs--x is devot$ to ?is purpose4 ,!   
build+ & all its belong+s1  & all really
 ne$y /ud5ts are ?us provid$ =4 ,out ( !
 ?ree  hundr$ pr(essors & o!r tea*]s1   
only "o is paid a sal>y4 ,he  is ! g5]al
 director1 or rector1 & 8 sal>y am\nts  

to #aj1jjj  pia/res1 or ab\t five hundr$
 doll>s ( our money4    ,( "o ?+ ,i 0 v 
c>eful to make inquiry4 ,i mean z to !  
be>+  ( ?is in/itution on ! propagation 
( ,mohamm$an ideas4 ,9 all  descriptions
 ,i _h become famili> ) conc]n+ ! great 
purpose  ( ! /ud5ts1 ! ?\ght 0 made     
pr$om9ant t ! /ud5ts  w5t away ) a      
mission>y zeal1 & became int5se         
propagators (  ! fai? ?r\gh\t _! lives4 
,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,h>vey1 ( t noble  cause &
 magnific5t in/itution = ,egypt1 !      
,unit$ ,presbyt]ian  ,mission1 f !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 0 a v k9d escort dur+ my 
visit4  ,he has be5 _m ye>s a resid5t ( 
,cairo1 & is v famili> )  e =m (        
,mohamm$an life1 & he in=ms me t ?is    
zeal = !  ,moslem fai? does n exi/1 t ! 
/ud5ts d n g away ) x1  & nev] exhibit  
x1 except 9 r>e cases1 9 lat] life4 ,_! 
/ay  9 ! ,univ]sity may be long4 ,!y may
 be ?ree or f\r or five ye>s1  & if no  
way to "w op5s !y may sp5d mo/ ( _! life
 !re1  b :5ev] !y d leave1 soon] or     
lat]1 !y g (f n simply z  tea*]s (      

!ology1 b z juri/s1 ma!maticians1 or    
pr(essional  m5 ( o!r call+s1 & religion
 is less 9 m9d ?an secul> "w4  ,ev5 :5  
!y g out z imams1 or prie/s1 t pr(ession
 c>ries  ) x c]ta9 functions :i* belong 
bo? to ! t[n cl]k or !  di/rict judge1 &
 h5ce ! prie/hood is absorb$ 9 c]ta9    
legal &  adm9i/rative functions :i*     
eclipse ! sacr$ (fice altoge!r4 ,z  to a
 burn+ zeal to dissem9ate ,mohamm$anism1
 x does n exi/4 ,x has  no unqu5*able   
love = itself1 & is only cont9u+ its own
 means (  propagation because ( some?+  
bett]4 ,t some?+ bett] is at its  doors1
 & is beg9n+ to ?read ! labyr9?s ( !    
,d>k ,cont95t4  ,9 due "t ,*ri/ianity w 
d = ,africa :at x has done = ,europe1  &
 is ?is day do+ = ! half ( ,asia4    ,! 
d>ke/ feature ( my visit to ! ,univ]sity
 0 ! abs5ce (  wom54 ,alas6 y nev] see !
 ,mohamm$an woman 9 ^! ori5tal  l&s1    
save ) veil$ face & hesitant /ep4 ,only 
ye/]day ,i saw  a h&some c>riage be+    
driv5 along "o ( ! pr9cipal ,cair5e     
/reets1 prec$$ by a gaily dress$ h]ald1 

:o cri$1 8,make way1 make  way10 z is ! 
fa%ion "h /ill4 ,! silk5 curta9s 7      
drawn1  b ! occupants 7 two ladies4 ,!y 
mu/ live 9 ! d>k4 ,9 !  mosque !y mu/   
sit 9 ! l(ty spaces1 f> back beh9d !    
wood5  scre5 "w1 & ev5 !n be veil$4 ,! v
 small girls1 :o trip  ab\t ) little    
rattl+ & t9kl+ bells ar\nd _! ankles1   
are  h>dly old en\gh to le>n ! way to ! 
next /reet be=e ! veil is  drawn ov] _! 
face1 & only _! little eyes are p]mitt$ 
to look  out4 ,9 ! multitudes :i* ,i saw
 at ! ,univ]sity1 bo? z /ud5ts  &       
tea*]s1 !re 0 b "o woman4 ,%e 0 probably
 ! wife ( a  pr(essor1 & _h come m]ely  
to br+ ! le>n$ man 8 d9n]1 &  !n slip   
back aga9 to ! d>k re> room ( ! h\se    
misnam$ a home1  & await 8 com+1 & be ! 
m5ial /ill to prep>e 8 ev5+  meal4      
,mohamm$anism has no place = woman 9 its
 educational sy/em4 ,its  be/           
int]pretation ( h] (fice is t %e is     
simply man's slave4 ,b  ! bett] day is  
com+1 & may x soon be "h1 :5 ! "r ( all 
wom51 9 all ^! ori5tal c\ntries1 to !   

highe/ & ! l>ge/  k1 %all be recogniz$ z
 equal to t ( any m5 b5ea? !  %9+ sun4  
,,z ,,see+ ,,! ,,invisible4    ,,by     
,,mrs4 ,,emily ,j4 ,,bugbee4            
,to /& at ! po/ ( duty      ,:e!r we    
rise or fall1      ,if ?is be a place ( 
beauty1      ,or ! homelie/ lot ( all4  
,to walk ) a s\l undaunt$      ,9 ! ,god
 appo9t$ way1      ,:e!r ) praise       
en*ant$1      ,or 9 %ad[ l& x lay4      
,! good ( ! _w's be/[+      ,is vani%+ z
 ! air1      ,& its l(tie/ honors ?r[+  
,a burd5 ( ceaseless c>e4        ,b to  
live z always see+      ,! invisible    
s\rce ( ?+s      ,is ! bless$e/ /ate (  
be+1      ,9 ! quietude x br+s4         
,= 9 all ( ! /rife & clamor1      ,& !  
evil t is done1      ,we "k t ! ,"l w   
f9i%      ,! good t he ha? begun4       
,& we ne$ n grope 9 bl9dness            
,because ( ! dreadful days1      ,b sure
 ( ! ,inf9ite k9dness      ,may /& 9 !  
c]ta9 ways4        ,oh6 = a /rong       
uplift+      ,& a c\rage t w /&         
,:ile ! ,judge ( ! e>? is sift+      ,! 

peoples ( e l&4        ,oh6 ,e>? s full 
( ! glory      ,reflect$ f above1       
,we wait = y\r f9i%$ /ory1      ,9 !    
fai? ( a dea?less love4                 
,,national ,,aid ,,to ,,education4      
,,"p ,,ii4    ,,by ,,g5]al ,,john ,a4   
,,logan1    ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ator f ,ill9ois4 
,hav+ asc]ta9$ ! extraord9>y fact1 f a  
close analysis (  tabulations (         
au?oritative /ati/ics furni%$ by !      
,c5sus &  ,education ,bureaus1 t1 assum+
 ! co/ ( educat+ a *ild 9  ,mississippi1
 ,t5nessee1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia to be equal 
to su* co/ 9 !  ,new ,engl& /ates1 e "o 
hundr$ adults 9 ! =m] pay m to  educate 
! *ildr5 9 ^? /ates ?an is paid by !    
same numb] (  adults 9 any "o ( ! latt]1
 let u explore a little fur!r = !       
reasons und]ly+ t fact4    ,x might     
naturally be ask$3 ,h[ c ^! calculations
 be correct1 :51  = example1 we le>n f !
 report ( ! ,commission] ( ,education  t
 ,massa*usetts pays annually = ea* *ild 
enroll$ 9 h] s*ools  #ae4dd1 :ile       
,mississippi pays b #c4ch8    ,!re are  

sev]al factors :i* aid 9 br++ ab\t ?is  
result4  ,"s ( ^! c be exactly asc]ta9$2
 o!rs ( !m1 = want (  /ati/ics1 c n4    
,9 ! fir/ place1 ! #ae4dd p] s*ol> :i*  
,massa*usetts pays  am\nts to b #d4ih p]
 capita ( h] adult population1 :ile !   
#c4ch  p] s*ol> t ,mississippi pays     
am\nts to #b4ab p] capita ( h]  adult   
population4 ,h5ce ! real diff]5ce1 s f> 
z ! pay]s ( !  co/ are conc]n$1 is only 
#b4hf p] capita4    ,ano!r cause ( ?is  
diff]5ce or inequality is ! fact t      
,massa*usetts pays h] tea*]s1 on an     
av]age1 ab\t #di4jf p] mon?1  :ile      
,mississippi pays h]s only #cj4jg4 ,:ile
 ?is d\btless affects  ! effici5cy &    
equality ( ! education1 x does n        
necess>ily  indicate a less numb] (     
pupils4    ,/ill ano!r cause lies 9 !   
fact t :ile ! l5g? ( !  s*ool ye> is 9  
,massa*usetts "o hundr$ & sev5ty-sev5   
days1 9  ,mississippi x is b sev5ty-sev5
 days4    ,& /ill ano!r may gr[ out ( ! 
l>g] proportion ( tea*]s  employ$ 9     
,massa*usetts ?an 9 ,mississippi1 = we  

f9d t :ile 9  ! =m]1 "o tea*] is employ$
 = e #ce4g enroll$ s*ol>s1 9  ! latt]1  
"o is employ$ = e #db4e4    ,^! items   
enable u to und]/& :y !re are diff]5ces 
betwe5 !  am\nts paid 9 ! two /ates1 &  
:at ^? diff]5ces are t exi/  "u ! pres5t
 ord] ( ?+s4    ,we p]ceive1 !re=e1 t   
:ile a /rict scrut9y may br+ to  light !
 facts t ! education 9 ! "o /ate or     
section is m  effici5t1 ! t]ms ( s*ool  
att5dance long]1 & ! am\nt paid =  s*ool
 purposes m lib]al ?an 9 ! o!r1 yet ?is 
9 no wise t5ds  to invalidate ! /ati/ics
 h]et(ore pres5t$1 nor to affect !      
argum5t bas$ !reon4 ,al?\gh x may be    
true t ,massa*usetts sp5ds  m ?an #ae4jj
 p] s*ol> :ile ,mississippi sp5ds less  
?an #c4ej1 x  is also true t ! latt] has
 =ty-eight pupils enroll$ 9 s*ool  to e 
"o hundr$ adults1 :ile ! ,bay ,/ate has 
b ?irty-?ree2  & t :ile x co/s ! adults 
( ! ,nor!rn /ate b #d4ih ea*  to pay ?is
 #ae4dd1 a simil> s]vice1 simil>ly      
comp5sat$1 = its  enroll$ s*ol>s w\ld   
co/ ! adults ( ! ,s\!rn "o #i4gj ea*4   

,! fact1 !n1 t ?is rem>kable inequality 
9 ! co/ ( educat+  ! *ildr5 ( ! diff]5t 
localities 9 ! ,union does exi/1 c n  be
 successfully controv]t$2 & t !re is no 
me?od ( equaliz+  ! burd5 save by       
gov]nm5t aid c n be tru?fully d5i$4     
,! "t has gone by :5 x c\ld be said t   
,mr4 ,a41 :o is poor 9  ?is _w's goods1 
b surr\nd$ by a full h\sehold ( ruddy   
y\?s1  mu/ provide = _! education f 8   
own deplet$ pocket1 j  z ,mr4 ,b41 :o is
 ri*1 & has b a s+le *ild1 provides =   
its  in/ruction out ( 8 ple?oric pocket4
    ,! pr9ciple is n[ fully ackn[l$g$ t 
x is ! duty ( ! /ate  or gov]nm5t--( !  
p1 z a body-politic--to be> ?is burd51 &
  ?us to equalize x4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple 
^u :i* our common s*ool  sy/em is f\nd$1
 :i*1 not)/&+ ! tax x imposes1 is ev5   
n[ look$ ^u by ! p z "o ( our mo/       
important in/itutions1  second only to !
 republican basis on :i* our gov]nm5t is
 f\nd$4    ,to br+ ?is vital in/itution 
z ne> to p]fection z is possible1  to   
di/ribute its b5efits z equally z       

possible1 to r5d] ! tax z  light z is   
consi/5t ) effici5cy1 & to br+ ! burd5  
to be>  z equally z is practicable on   
all sections & localities1 %\ld be  "o  
great aim ( our ,f$]al legislation4     
,all ! great nations ( ,europe are      
beg9n+ to ?rob ) ! div9e  impulse :i* is
 fir/ se5 9 ! great1 que/ion+ eyes ( !  
spee*less babe4 ,"s ( !m h la9 = long   
c5turies encru/$  9 ! d5se/ ignorance1 &
 awake b sluggi%ly to a realization (  !
 trem5d\s national p[]1 :i* o!rs h long 
s9ce discov]$1  emb$d$ 9 ! education ( !
 masses4 ,?us ,russia1 ) h]  population 
( #gh1ejj1jjj1 al?\gh almo/ exhau/+     
h]self )  w>s = t]ritorial aggr&izem5t1 
has awak5$ to ! necessity (  grant+ to  
h] s*ools #i1jjj1jjj annually--a m]e    
pittance = su*  a nation1 yet conta9+ ! 
g]m ( high] promise4 ,s also ,au/ria1  )
 h] population ( #bb1add1bdd1 is sl[ly  
/irr+4 ,education !re  is n[ made       
obligatory1 & 9 #ahha %e supplem5t$     
prior national aid  to x by a grant (   
#f1ejj1jjj4 ,italy1 9 #ahhb1 ) a        

population (  #bh1jjj1jjj1 gave l aid to
 ! ext5t ( #f1bjj1jjj1 beside provid+   
s*ool build+s & o!r necess>y            
desid]ata--previ\s aid hav+  borne good 
fruit 9 a m>k$ decrease ( illit]acy4    
,prussia1 ) a  population ( #bg1bea1jfg1
 is =tunate 9 ! possession ( end[$      
s*ools ) regul> incomes4 ,yet %e gave   
national aid to education  to ! ext5t ( 
#aj1jjj1jjj 9 #ahha1 & #aa1deh1hef 9    
#ahhb4 ,france1  ) a population ( "s    
#cg1jjj1jjj--;indep5d5t ( ! millions (  
doll>s exp5d$ = a l purpose annually by 
h] dep>tm5ts &  communes--gave 9 #ahha-b
 to ! ext5t ( #bb1gag1hhj = ! education 
( h] masses4 ,little ,belgium1 ) a      
population ( b #e1djc1jjf--;ab\t  "o    
twelf? ( ours--9 #ahhb gave national aid
 to education to ! ext5t  ( ab\t        
#d1jjj1jjj2 = %e p]ceives1 z a direct   
consequ5ce (  p]iodical aid ( ?is "*1 t 
,belgian illit]acy is surely &  rapidly 
decreas+1 :ile 9 l ratio h] prosp]ity is
 increas+4  ,great ,brita9 is simil>ly  
alive to ! necessity = gov]nm5t aid to  

elem5t>y s*ools4 ,su* aid 0 giv5 by h] 9
 #ahhb to ^? 9 ,engl&  & ,wales1 ^:     
unit$ population is #be1ifh1bhf--less   
?an half !  numb] we boa/--to ! ext5t ( 
#b1gdi1hfc1 or--r\ghly calculat+ at     
five doll>s to ! p\nd--ne>ly            
#ad1jjj1jjj4 ,?is1 too1 9 a l& t  is    
also ri* 9 well end[$ univ]sities1      
colleges1 gramm> s*ools1  & o!r         
in/itutions ( le>n+4 ,su* aid 0 also    
giv5 9 #ahhb-c  to elem5t>y s*ools 9    
,scotl&1 ^: population is b #c1gcd1cgj1 
to ! ext5t ( #dfh1eab1 or1 say          
#b1cdb1efj2 & to ,irel&1 ) a  population
 ( #e1aei1hci1 to ! ext5t ( #gbi1hfh1   
or1 say #c1fdh1cdj4  ,?us1 9 addition to
 ! great educational advantages aris+ f 
! num]\s well f\nd$ & amply end[$       
educational in/itutions  = ! v>i\s      
grades & classes ( ! ,briti% p t h  long
 exi/$ 9 ,engl& & ,wales1 ,scotl& &     
,irel&1 we f9d !  gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$   
,k+dom aid+ elem5t>y in/ruction to !    
ext5t ( ab\t #bj1jjj1jjj 9 "o ye>--!    
comb9$ population be+  b #cd1hfb1die    

s\ls2 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) a l>g]         
population1 is  )\t ! advantages ei!r ( 
su* national aid or su* end[$  s*ools z 
^? c\ntries possess4 ,ev5 ! colonies (  
,great ,brita9  are equally impress$ ) !
 importance & ess5tial necessity (      
g5]al public education4 ,tak+ z an      
example t "o ( h] colonies  ) :i* our   
relations are mo/ intimate--! prov9ce ( 
,ont>io4 ,its  population comprises b   
#a1iac1dfj s\ls1 yet ! am\nt exp5d$ !re 
^u education 9 #ahhj rea*$ #c1dad1bfg4  
,a simil> ratio ( exp5diture  to ! total
 population--c\nt+ ! latt] at           
#ee1jjj1jjj--w\ld call =  ne>ly         
#ajj1jjj1jjj 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4    ,b   
:ile x may be ( int]e/ to note :at o!r  
peoples & o!r  gov]nm5ts are do+ t[>d ! 
advancem5t ( g5]al education )9  _!     
bord]s1 & :ile ! contra/ ) t :i* is     
done1 or fails  to be done1 9 ! same    
direction 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 furni%es   
food  = in/ruction & ultimate b5efit1   
yet x by no means foll[s t  ?is nation1 
de/9$1 z e "o ( its citiz5s pr\dly      

believes1  to m>* 9 ! van ( ! _w's      
civilization1 is to limit its aims1  its
 labors1 its appropriations 9 !         
fur!rance ( education--!  prime factor 9
 all civilization--by ! /&>ds ( o!r     
nations4 ,!  r %\ld ! comp>ison1 :ile x 
may = ! mom5t br+ to our  *eeks ! blu% (
 %ame1 act z a /imulus to high] ef=t &  
l>g]  exp5diture1 if necess>y on our "p 
to rea* t prem95t position  ( prosp]ity1
 p[]1 & enlight5m5t1 ( :i* !            
intellectual  al]tness ( our p & ! g5ius
 ( our in/itutions give abundant        
promise4    ,9 consid]+ ?is subject we  
mu/ n fail to rememb] t among !  nations
 ( ! _w ours /&s alone 9 ?is3 t "h !    
sov]eignty  is 9 ! p4 ,an ignorant      
sov]eignty is a tyrannical sov]eignty1  
:e!r held by ! _m or ! few4 ,its        
capabilities = good c  alone be drawn   
out by education4 ,t ,lib]ty sits       
en?ron$ 9 ?is  l& is due solely to      
education & t prop] _s ( fre$om &       
indep5d5ce 9 ?\ght & action :i* is      
begott5 ( education4 ,z has  be5 well   

said by ano!r3 8,we h ga9$ all t we     
possess by reason  ( ! education ( !    
individual1 & we hold x ^u ! same t5ure4
  ,:at we hold = ourselves we hold =    
mank9d1 & we hold x = bo?  ^u ! same    
condition by :i* x 0 ga9$1 & t is !     
cont9u$  & univ]sal education &         
developm5t ( ! p40    ,e *ild born 9 ?is
 great republic is born ) ! inh]5t "r   
to be educat$4 ,he is born heir to t    
popul> sov]eignty :i*1 ^u  com+ ( age1  
he is entitl$ to ex]cise4 ,! com+       
responsibilities  re/ ^u him f 8 v      
cradle up4 ,he has an absolute "r to su*
  an education z w enable him to prop]ly
 meet !m4 ,8 p>5ts :o  br\ght him into !
 _w weight$ ) su* responsibility1 did x 
) ! impli$ obligation on _! "p to give  
him t education  )\t :i* 8 bir? w\ld be 
ei!r a mock]y or a crime4 ,z ) !  p>5ts1
 s ) ! /ate-local1 & s ) !              
/ate-national4 ,if !  p>5ts fail 9 meet+
 ?is obligation x becomes a b9d+        
obligation  ^u ! /ate-local1 & if !     
/ate-local fails ! obligation  devolves 

^u ! nation4    ,aga91 ! obligation ( e 
p>5t 9 ?is republic to educate 8  *ildr5
 s z to enable !m 9 due "t to           
intellig5tly & wisely  ex]cise ! great  
p[] ( ! fran*ise1 implies ! obligation  
on 8  "p to give !m1 up to t po9t1 equal
 educational advantages4  ,by a p>ity ( 
reason+ x logically foll[s t 9 case (   
failure  by p>5t or /ate-local--:e!r f  
inability or o!r cause--!  obligation to
 secure to all *ildr5 )9 its doma9 n    
only  facilities1 b equal facilities1 = 
! atta9m5t ( a suffici5t  education to  
enable !m to ca/ an intellig5t ballot1  
re/s ^u !  nation4 ,nor does ?is        
obligation cease :5 su* equal facilities
 are  provid$4 ,x goes fur!r4 ,x ext5ds1
 if necess>y1 to ! compulsion  ( ^?     
*ildr5 to avail !mselves ( ! facilities 
:i* ! nation  provides = _! education4  
,t x is ! "r1 !n1 ( e ,am]ican *ild to h
 a rudim5t>y  education1 & t x %\ld be  
equal to t ( e o!r ,am]ican  *ild1 seems
 cle>2 & t :]e1 ?r\gh any cause1 t *ild 
fails  to get su* education1 x is ! duty

 ( ! national gov]nm5t to  enable him to
 ga9 x1 seems equally manife/4    ,to   
:at ext5t1 & f :at res\rces1 ! nation   
%\ld grant ?is  educational aid to its  
*ildr51 & ?r\gh :at *annels & ^u :at    
basis ! di/ribution ( t aid %\ld be     
made1 are subjects t w  n[ comm& our    
att5tion4    ,! burd5 ( educat+ ! *ildr5
 ( ! nation is a heavy "o--a fact       
p]haps n z fully realiz$ by our rul]s & 
legislators z x ought  to be4 ,f !      
report ( ! ,commission] ( ,education1   
#ahhb-c1 x  appe>s t ! e/imat$ real     
value ( sites1 build+s1 & all o!r  s*ool
 prop]ty 9 all ! /ates & t]ritories1 is 
#baf1efb1aig4 ,t  ( c\rse is ! exi/+    
8s*ool plant0 z x may be t]m$2 b to get 
su* a 8s*ool plant0--utt]ly insuffici5t 
z x may be--has be5 m  or less          
burd5some4 ,f ! same au?ority x appe>s t
 ! am\nt  impos$ & exp5d$ = common s*ool
 purposes1 9 all ! /ates &  t]ritories =
 #ahhj1 0 #ia1aeh1jci2 a l>ge sum1 yet  
aft] all b  little m ?an half ! am\nt   
absolutely ne$$ 9 ord] to provide       

adequate s*ool facilities = all entitl$ 
!reto4    ,a c>eful & cons]vative       
e/imate f\nd$ ^u all atta9able data  w  
%[ t n less ?an #afj1jjj1jjj annually   
mu/ be provid$ to  secure ! education ( 
all ! *ildr5 ( our c\ntry ( lawful age4 
,(  ?is am\nt1 provision1 z we h se51 is
 already made 9 ! v>i\s  /ates &        
t]ritories to ! ext5t ( ov] #ij1jjj1jjj 
annually4 ,( !  v>i\s measures relat+ to
 ! subject ( national aid to education  
t h be5 urg$ ^u ! att5tion ( ,congress1 
none has v5tur$ to  appropriate a l>g]  
annual sum,j ?an #ej1jjj1jjj4 ,%\ld     
,congress at  any "t make an            
appropriation ( t am\nt1 !re w\ld /ill  
be an  annual defici5cy ( "s            
#bj1jjj1jjj4    ,x is n at all c]ta9 t  
our national legislators h consid]$  !  
magnitude ( ! subject ) :i* !y are to   
deal1 nor t !y  h all inve/igat$ x ) t  
degree ( c>e & s]i\sness :i*  x pla9ly  
des]ves & ev5 dem&s at _! h&s4    ,e "o1
 )\t controv]sy1 admits ! importance (  
educat+  our *ildr52 & )\t d\bt1 e "o ( 

our legislators has n  only a w>m &     
fri5dly feel+ = ?is "w1 b also a        
will+ness  to d some?+ to af=d x        
national aid4 ,b ) h[ _m ( !m  is ?is a 
will+ness )\t a =m$ & def9ite purpose8  
,x 7  almo/ bett] t ! importance ( su*  
education %\ld be a disput$  po9t--t a  
/orm ( controv]sy %\ld arise & %ake !m 9
 its  ?roes1 =c+ !m to lay hold ( ! v   
horns ( ! sacr$ alt>  ( education--r ?an
 t ! dead1 arid level ( in]t concession 
%\ld br+ =? no?+ save a deceptive       
mirage4 ,x is "t to wake up  to ! fact t
 gov]nm5t aid 9 ! l9e ( education means 
no?+  unless x be 9 ! =m ( an annual    
appropriation ( suffici5t am\nt  to     
produce tangible results4    ,d our     
legislators appreciate ! significant    
fact t ( !  #ia1aeh1jci exp5d$ on !     
public s*ools 9 ! ?irty-eight /ates  &  
n9e t]ritories & ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 
dur+ #ahhb1 m ?an  "o qu>t] ( t entire  
exp5se 0 borne by ! ?ree /ates (        
,ill9ois1 ,ohio1 & ,i[a8 ,t ne>ly "o    
?ird ( t great exp5se 0  borne by &     

exp5d$ 9 ! f\r /ates ( ,new ,york1      
,ohio1 ,ill9ois &  ,p5nsylvania8 ,t m   
?an "o half ( x 0 borne by & exp5d$  9 !
 six /ates ( ,new ,york1 ,ohio1         
,ill9ois1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,i[a &          
,cali=nia8 ,t ne>ly two ?irds ( x all 0 
borne by & exp5d$ 9  ! n9e /ates (      
,cali=nia1 ,miss\ri1 ,indiana1 ,i[a1    
,massa*usetts1  ,p5nsylvania1 ,ill9ois1 
,ohio & ,new ,york8    ,( :at practical 
avail1 !n1 is ! bill,k :i* pass$ !      
,unit$  ,/ates ,s5ate on ! #g? ( ,april 
la/1 s f>1 at lea/1 z ! am\nt  to be    
appropriat$ is conc]n$8 ,x proposes to  
appropriate a total  am\nt (            
#gg1jjj1jjj4 ,t am\nt c]ta9ly s\nds well
 & looks  g5]\s at fir/ sight4 ,b h[ is 
x appropriat$8 ,let u see4    ,?is      
#gg1jjj1jjj t looks s l>ge & adequate1  
is to be scatt]$  ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 &  
ov] a p]iod ( eight ye>s1 ?us3    ,!    
fir/ ye>1 #g1jjj1jjj--:i* is mu* less   
?an ,ill9ois alone gives  9 "o ye> = h] 
own *ildr52 ! second ye>1               
#aj1jjj1jjj--:i*  is mu* less ?an       

,massa*usetts & ,i[a toge!r give 9 "o   
ye> =  _! own *ildr52 ! ?ird ye>1       
#ae1jjj1jjj--:i* is mu* less ?an  ,ohio 
& ,p5nsylvania toge!r give = "o ye>'s   
s*ool+ ( _!  own *ildr52 ! f\r? ye>1    
#ac1jjj1jjj--or ab\t :at ,massa*usetts1 
,indiana1 & ,wiscons9 toge!r give a ye> 
= su* purposes2 !  fif? ye>1            
#aa1jjj1jjj--or less ?an ,new ,york     
alone gives 9 "o ye>2  ! six? ye>1      
#i1jjj1jjj--v little m ?an ,ohio alone  
gives2  ! sev5? ye>1 #g1jjj1jjj--or only
 a trifle m ?an ,miss\ri &  ,cali=nia   
toge!r give 9 a ye>2 & ! eigh? ye>1     
#e1jjj1jjj--or a  trifle ov] :at        
,indiana gives1 & less ?an ,i[a gives1 9
 "o ye>6    ,n[1 if su* appropriations z
 ^! are n absurdly inadequate1 :at  are 
!y8    ,!y are limit$ to eight ye>s1 &  
dur+ ^? eight ye>s ! mean  av]age annual
 appropriation is less ?an #aj1jjj1jjj4 
,?9k ( x =  a mom5t4 ,an am\nt          
7#i1fbe1jjj7 appropriat$ by ,congress to
 cure !  illit]acy ( ! :ole nation--only
 #a1jeg1cbe m ?an ,ill9ois n[  sp5ds 9 a

 ye> = educational purposes2 only       
#a1cfa1gee m ?an  ,p5nsylvania sp5ds1 & 
only #hjd1jhf m ?an is sp5t by ,ohio2   
:ile  x is #a1gig1eic less ?an ! /ate ( 
,new ,york exp5ds 9 a s+le ye>  )9 h]   
bord]s = l purposes6    ,take ! exact   
figures ( ! c5sus returns1 & ! am\nt    
actually  ne$$ is easily asc]ta9$ = t   
ye>--?\gh x mu/ be rem>k$  t ! am\nt    
ne$$ is n rema9+ ! same1 nor dim9i%+1 b 
increas+ e succe$+ ye>4 ,! s*ool        
population 9 #ahhj 0  #af1bdc1hbb4 ,to  
educate t population requir$ an assum$  
av]age  annual exp5diture ( n less ?an  
#aj ea*1 or #afb1dch1bbj4 ,! real       
exp5diture 0 b #ia1aeh1jci4 ,h5ce !re 0 
9 t ye> a necessity  = an exp5diture (  
at lea/ #gb1jhe1ghc m ?an 0 actually    
exp5d$4    ,b let u exam9e ! /ati/ical  
facts a little m closely4 ,x is  true t 
! s*ool population !n 0 #af1bdc1hbb1 b x
 is also  true t ( t numb] only         
#aj1jac1hbf 7 enroll$ 9 ! public        
s*ools1 & ( ^! aga9 only #f1aah1cca took
 advantage ( _!  opportunities =        

in/ruction by daily att5dance at ^?     
s*ools4  ,"h1 !n1 we f9d t ! #ia1aeh1jci
 0 exp5d$ 9 educat+ !  #f1aah1cca *ildr5
 :o daily att5d$ s*ool1 & t ! actual    
av]age  co/ p] s*ol>1 !re=e1 0 #ad4ij1 &
 n #aj4 ,we discov] also1  t :ile       
#f1aah1cca *ildr5 7 9 daily att5dance at
 ! public  s*ools1 #c1hie1die *ildr5 on 
! rolls ( su* s*ools 7 n 9  daily       
att5dance1 & t #f1bbi1iif o!r *ildr5 (  
s*ool age _h  n ev5 ! opportunity or    
facilities = any su* education6 ,x is   
pla91 !re=e1 t _h ! #aj1abe1dia *ildr5 (
 s*ool age 9 !  two latt] classes--^? :o
 fail$ to take advantage ( ! s*ool      
opportunities (f]$ !m1 & ^? :o _h no su*
 opportunities  at all--be5 compell$1 z 
!y %\ld be 7except 9 case ( sickness  or
 o!r v suffici5t cause71 to daily att5d 
public s*ools1 !n  in/ead ( !           
#ia1aeh1jci actually exp5d$ 9 su* s*ools
 t ye>1  !re %\ld h be5 exp5d$          
#bdb1jbg1hee t ye>1 9 ord] to give  all 
*ildr5 ( s*ool age an equal educational 
*ance4 ,9 o!r words1  ! exp5diture1 z   

comp>$ ) ! necessities ( ! case1 left a 
deficit = t "o ye> ( #aej1hfi1haf4      
,n[ x is to make up = ! defici5cies 9 ! 
s*ool facilities  already provid$ 9 !   
/ates & t]ritories1 t ,congressional    
legislation & national aid is propos$4  
,b x w\ld puzzle !  comb9$ ma!maticians 
( all c\ntries & ages to demon/rate t   
an annual defici5cy ( #aej1jjj1jjj1 or  
m1 c be made up by an  exp5diture (     
#gg1jjj1jjj1 dribbl$ out 9 annual sums  
v>y+ f  #e1jjj1jjj to #ae1jjj1jjj1 dur+ 
eight successive ye>s4    ,:ile1 h[ev]1 
to meet ! necessities ( ! case fully &  
absolutely  w\ld call = enorm\s annual  
appropriations1 yet z ! utmo/           
cons]vatism & mod]ation %\ld gov]n all  
exp]im5tal legislation  involv+ l>ge    
appropriations1 s 9 legislat+ ^u ?is    
subject  x 7 saf] to adopt ! basis &    
e/imate ( lea/ requirem5t  h]et(ore     
giv51 & adopt #ej1jjj1jjj z ! am\nt t   
%\ld be  annually appropriat$ = ?is     
important purpose4    ,x is to be kept 9
 m9d1 also1 t an annual appropriation to

 ?is  ext5t ne$ n add "o doll> to !     
burd5 ( taxation n[ borne by !  p4    ,9
 ?is connection x is n necess>y to      
discuss any ( ! que/ions  relat+ to !   
me?ods ( rais+ our national rev5ue4     
,:atev]  diff]5ces ( op9ion !re may be  
t\*+ ^? me?ods or means1  x mu/ be      
conc$$ t our nation1 "u ! pres5t sy/em &
  laws1 holds a high & ev5 comm&+       
position among ! civiliz$  gov]nm5ts ( !
 _w1 & t our p are enjoy+ m ?an  an     
av]age degree ( prosp]ity4 ,x is our    
duty to use e ef=t to  advance to /ill  
high] prosp]ity4 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1  
any bill  appropriat+ national aid to   
education %\ld be bas$ ^u our pres5t    
condition4 ,our rev5ue n[ exce$s our    
exp5ditures p] annum by fully  ! am\nt  
7#ej1jjj1jjj7 s\ght to be appropriat$ by
 ! bill ref]r$  to4 ,h5ce its enactm5t  
w\ld n add "o doll> to ! taxes already  
impos$4 ,x foll[s1 !n1 t %\ld ,congress 
be ask$ to support a  measure mak+      
annual appropriation ( #ej1jjj1jjj1     
d]iv$ f !  int]nal rev5ue taxes & ! sale

 ( public l&s1 = s*ool purposes1        
opposition to su* a measure on ! pretext
 t x w\ld impose  additional burd5s ^u !
 p w\ld be flimsy & )\t =ce1  & only    
transp>5tly veil an opposition to       
increas$ facilities =  educat+ our      
*ildr54    ,if our *ildr5 are to be     
provid$ ) adequate facilities = prop]  &
 necess>y in/ruction1 ! burd5 mu/ be    
impos$ 9 "s =m2 &  none c be devis$ t w 
be> m equally ^u all1 & be felt z       
little z ?is4    ,x is an old truism t  
8e rose ha? its ?orn40 ,! advance (     
civilization & k has its drawbacks z    
well z its advantages4  ,?is is manife/$
 v di/9ctly 9 "o direction 9 our own    
c\ntry4  ,! rapid inv5tion &            
introduction ( labor-sav+ ma*9]y has _h 
a v m>k$ t5d5cy to draw ! labor+        
population f ! rural  di/ricts1 &       
congregate x at ! manufactur+ c5t]s4    
,?is1 al?\gh  x may be att5d$ ) _m      
important advantages1 has "s v s]i\s    
disadvantages1 & is1 p]haps1 9 "p !     
cause ( ! s]i\s conte/s  we h se5 ( late

 ye>s betwe5 capital & labor4 ,x        
increases !  population ( ! cities1 &   
proportionately decreases t ( ! rural   
di/ricts1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 increases !
 co/ ( liv+1 z x  advances ! price (    
prop]ty 9 ! cities4 ,x also t5ds v      
l>gely  to increase ! p[] & influ5ce (  
corporations1 monopolies1 &  o!r        
associations ( ?is k9d4 ,! s+le item (  
transportation is  va/ly enl>g$ by ?is  
fact1 & ?us is increas$ ! necessity =1  
& ! p[] (1 ! railroads ( our c\ntry4 ,! 
effect ( br++  toge!r at ^! manufactur+ 
c5t]s l>ge bodies ( employs is1 t  =    
self-protection1 comb9ations ( labor1 z 
aga9/ ! encroa*m5ts  ( capital1 are =m$4
 ,irritation & conte/s foll[4    ,x is f
 ^! facts t we are confront$ ) "o ( !   
mo/  difficult problems =c$ ^u any      
nation = solution--a problem :i*  ?us f>
 seems to be beyond ! rea* (            
legislation4    ,to *eck ! advance (    
sci5tific & inv5tive g5ius1 or to /op ! 
progress ( k1 is nei!r desirable1       
practicable1 nor possible4    ,! only   

possible solution ( ?is p]plex+ problem 
w\ld seem to  lie 9 ! education ( !     
masses1 & ?us elevat+ ! labor+          
population z ne>ly z may be to !        
educational level ( !  capitali/s--!    
rural di/ricts to ! educational level ( 
! cities4  ,by adequate national & /ate 
legislation1 v m>k$ & important         
progress 9 ?is respect may be secur$4   
,%\ld ! gov]nm5t adopt  ! policy (      
adequate national aid to education1 its 
di/ribution  accord+ to ! numb] ( p]sons
 "u tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age w\ld  p]haps be 
! be/ basis = su* di/ribution at ! />t1 
b future  exp]i5ce & m exact k w\ld1 no 
d\bt1 enable ! rem$y  to be appli$1 9   
due "t1 m exactly to our ne$s4 ,at      
pres5t !  /ati/ics ( illit]acy are n    
suffici5tly def9ite & ?or\gh  to take !m
 z a reliable guide 9 det]m9+ ! basis = 
!  di/ribution ( s l>ge an am\nt (      
funds4    ,"o means1 h[ev]1 ( meet+ !   
difficulty nam$--"o possible /ep  t[>d !
 solution ( ?is puzzl+ problem--is      
c]ta9ly )9 our  rea*4 ,educate ! masses1

 elevate ! labor+ & produc+ population1 
& br+ !m up z ne>ly z possible to !     
educational plane already  rea*$ by ^?  
:o hold & wield ! money$ p[]4           
,education increases our wants & dem&s2 
increase 9 dem& br+s  increase 9 supply2
 & ?is ( necessity increases ! dem& =   
labor4    ,economy on ! "p ( ! nation z 
well z ! individual is a correct        
pr9ciple1 & holds good 9 all /ates &    
conditions ( life1 b we  mu/ n =get t x 
is a relative t]m4 ,= ! individual :o c 
nei!r read nor write to exp5d money =   
books & writ+ mat]ials  is a useless    
exp5diture2 b w\ld y c\nt t an          
extravagance on  ! "p ( him :o c d bo?1 
s long z he keeps )9 8 wants  & means8  
,:at con/itutes ! diff]5ce 9 !          
application ( !  pr9ciple to ! two      
cases8 ,education4    ,! pione] f>m] may
 h sp5t a life ( pati5t toil on 8 f>m1  
satisfi$ to live 9 8 log cab91 )        
possibly a s+le room1 a  pun*eon floor1 
& a clapbo>d door1 unable to read or    
write--an  upright1 hone/ man1 &        

probably z ne>ly cont5t$ z x falls to ! 
lot ( mortals to be4 ,b m>k ! *ange6 ,8 
sons & daught]s are  gr[+ up t[>d       
manhood & womanhood2 ! free s*ool has   
invad$  8 neighborhood2 & !y att5d x4   
,h[ soon x affects ! h\sehold           
arrangem5ts1 mann]s1 dress1 & ev]y?+    
ab\t ! family6 ,:at  has wr\ght ! *ange8
 ,education4 ,_! wants1 & :at are n[ _! 
necessities1 are greatly increas$4 ,:at 
foll[s8 ,! desire to meet &  supply ^!  
wants br+s increas$ ef=t & indu/ry = !  
purpose4  ,& e family ?us advanc$ 9 its 
views ( :at is necess>y to  com=t &     
happ9ess increases to ! same ext5t !    
dem& ^u !  produc] & manufactur]1 & ?us 
wid5s ! field ( labor4 ,h5ce !  solution
 ( ?is great & knotty problem is to be  
rea*$ *iefly by !  education ( !        
masses--by rais+ !m t[>d educational    
equality )  ! weal?y4    ,!re are _m :o 
delight 9 pictur+ ! days ( primitive    
simplicity1  :5 wants 7 few & easily    
suppli$2 b is !re "o ( ^!  moraliz]s :o 
w\ld will+ly g back to !m8 8,/rict      

economy z  gaug$ by our means0 is a     
correct maxim ev]y:]e & at all times4   
,b civilization & enlight5m5t are       
progressive1 & no laws save  su* z w\ld 
trample "u foot ! inali5able rights ( ! 
p to  8life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit (      
happ9ess0 c *eck t progress4  ,we mu/   
!re=e ei!r fo/] ! comp>atively few m    
=tunate  & en]getic ( our p1 or we mu/  
endeavor by appropriate &  legitimate & 
adequate legislation to l9k toge!r &    
advance  ! entire mass4 ,! noble/ "w (  
man is ! elevation ( 8  fell[man1 & !   
gr&e/ "w 9 :i* a gov]nm5t c engage is ! 
enlight5m5t ( its p4 ,b ^! c alone be   
accompli%$ by !  aid ( ! great lev]3    
,education4      ,,footnotes    ,j ,& t 
bill 0 introduc$ by myself4    ,k ,s4   
#cih1 #a/ ,session ,x,l,v,i,i,ith       
,congress4          ,a ,,trip ,,to ,,!  
,,l& ,,( ,,dreams4    ,,by ,,rob]t ,r4  
,,doh]ty4      ,x is /range h[ soon we  
all turn into r$\btable adv5tur]s1 aft] 
! 8s(t dews ( k9dly sleep0 h fall54 ,n  
,m>co ,polo1 fre% f  ! glories ( !      

,ca?ayan c\rt2 nor ,orellana1 ) 8       
glitt]+  lies ab\t ,dorado2 nor ,hans   
,pfaali1 big-m\!d ) ! wond]s ( 8  voyage
 to ! moon2 n ev5 ,b>on ,mun*aus5       
himself1 c\ld tell m  a/oni%+ tales1 ?an
 c ! prosie/ among u on 8 return f      
,dreaml&4    ,dreams 7 believ$ by !     
anci5ts to be vehicles ( sup]natural    
communication ) mortals4 ,hom] says t !y
 come f ,jove2 ,mohamm$  tells u t      
,allah s5ds !m2 & accord+ to ,job1 8,god
 speake? 9  dreams40 ,milton1 on ! o!r  
h&1 pictures ,satan1 8squat l a toad    
close at ! e> ( ,eve10 assay+ by 8      
devili% art to rea* !  organs ( h]      
fancy1 & ) !m to =ge phantoms & dreams4 
,s  deep-seat$ 0 ! belief 9 !           
sup]natural orig9 ( night visions1  t ! 
law ( anci5t ,rome requir$ ^? :o dream$ 
( public affairs  to report to ! augurs1
 s t an au?oritative int]pretation might
 be  promptly giv5 to ! rul]s4 ,!re 0   
h>dly a gov]nor or g5]al (  antiquity1 b
 _h a numb] ( pr(essional augurs 9 8    
ret9ue2 &  ! c\rse ( ev5ts 0 (t5 modifi$

 by ! mean+s !y atta*$ to  _! patrons'  
dreams4 ,pr(essor ,creasy has writt5 a  
unique volume on  ! 8,fifte5 ,decisive  
,battles ( ,hi/ory10 & has sugge/$      
ano!r1 on  ! doz5 or m 8,decisive ,love 
,affairs40 ,z _m fateful dreams c\ld    
easily be select$1 ar\nd :i*1 z on a    
pivot1 ! de/9y ( !  _w has seem$ to     
turn4 ,! mo/ ludicr\s1 & 9 _m cases     
wick$  int]pretations 7 giv5 to dreams2 
& ,cato--himself an augur--said x  0    
/range h[ two augurs c\ld meet )\t      
laugh+ 9 ea* o!r's  face4    ,ev5 at !  
pres5t day belief 9 ! prophetic "* (    
dreams is  widely preval5t1 & _m li/s ( 
8int]pretations0 are 9 circulation      
among ! cr$ul\s4 ,:5 ,rory ,o',m assur$ 
u t dreams g by  contr>ies1 he foll[$   
curr5t sup]/ition4 ,te>s are suppos$  to
 indicate joy1 & laught]1 woe4 ,dream ( 
! dead1 & y may  expect tid+s ( ! liv+2 
dream ( ! liv+1 & unlook$ =             
dang]--p]haps dea?--is imm95t4 ,_m ( !  
int]pretations pr9t$ 9  ! 8guide books0 
are1 h[ev]1 exce$+ly natural1 z1 =      

in/ance1  t visions ( gold =etok5 weal?1
 & orange blossoms1 m>riage4    ,let u  
place 9 contra/ ) su* fanciful          
absurdities a tabulation  ( "s ( !      
v]itable indications ( dreams1 z made by
 a mod]n  sci5ti/4 ,lively dreams1      
accord+ to ,dr4 ,w9sl[1 are a sign ( !  
excitem5t ( n]v\s action2 s(t dreams1 ( 
slight irritation ( !  bra91 (t5 9 n]v\s
 fev] ann\nc+ ! approa* ( a favorable   
crisis2 frightful dreams1 ( det]m9ation 
( blood to ! head2 dreams  ( blood & r$ 
objects1 ( inflammatory conditions4     
,visions ( ra9 &  wat] are (t5 signs (  
diseas$ muc\s membranes & dropsy2       
di/ort$  =ms frequ5tly po9t to disord] (
 ! liv]4 ,dreams 9 :i* !  pati5t sees   
any "p especially suff]+ indicate       
diseases ( t  "p4 ,dreams ab\t dea? (t5 
prec$e apoplexy1 :i* is s connect$  )   
det]m9ation ( blood to ! head4 ,!       
nightm>e1 ) great  s5sitiv5ess1 is an   
indication ( det]m9ation ( blood to !   
*e/4    ,to adequately def9e dream+ mu/ 
ev] be a difficult1 if n an  impossible 

task4 ,pr(essor ,wilson1 ( ,ed9burgh1   
has graphically outl9$  peculi>ities :i*
 di/+ui% dreams f ! imag9+s ( wakeful   
h\rs & f ! halluc9ations ( madness4 ,!  
curr5t ( ?\ght  t ru%es ?r\gh ! sleep]'s
 m9d is q free f ! control (  8 w4 ,dr4 
,ru% has call$ a dream a transi5t       
p>oxysm ( delirium1  & delirium a       
p]man5t dream2 b ! dream]'s intellect is
 )drawn  f almo/ all relation to ext]nal
 objects2 :ile ! lunatic holds          
communication by all 8 s5ses ) ! _w ab\t
 him4 ,b :ile  sleep has ?us clos$ 8!   
five gateways ( k0 to ! dream]1  he /ill
 he>s & sees & feels & smells & ta/es4  
,an imag9ative  p]son1 on visit+ ,niag>a
 ,falls1 c aft]w>d reproduce x          
graphically  9 memory2 b 8 mo/ vivid    
m5tal picture seems pale & hopelessly   
inaccurate :5 ! sc5e is revisit$4 ,!    
visions ( our sleep1 on !  contr>y1 are 
among ! mo/ vivid ( our life1 & :]e !   
objects  h be5 se5 be=e1 ! mo/ accurate4
 8,! ma9 diff]5ce10 says ,dr4  ,smi?1   
8betwe5 our sleep+ & wak+ ?\ghts appe>s 

to lie 9 ?is1  t 9 ! =m] case !         
p]ceptive faculties ( ! m9d are active1 
:ile ! reflective p[]s are g5]ally      
asleep4 ,?us x is t !  impressions (    
dreams are 9 !mselves vivid1 natural1 & 
picturesque1  occasionally gift$ ) an   
intuition beyond our ord9>y p[]s1 b     
/rangely incongru\s & (t5 grotesque2 !  
emotion ( surprise or  incr$ulity1 or ( 
unlik5ess to ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts1 be+
 9  dreams a ?+ unkn[n40    ,( !        
vividness ( impressions made 9 dreams1  
illu/rations are  pl5tiful4 ,dr4        
,ab]crombie fir/ told ! (t5 quot$ /ory (
 !  ,engli% army (fic] ^: susceptibility
 0 s rem>kable t 88  fri5ds c\ld produce
 any k9d ( dream !y pleas$ by s(tly     
:isp]+  9 8 e>40 ,on "o occasion !y l$  
him1 9 ?is way1 ?r\gh a long  qu>rel1   
:i* ?reat5$ to end 9 blood%$4 ,j z !    
dream] 0 to  meet 8 enemy a pi/ol 0 h&$ 
to him2 he fir$ x (f 9 8 sleep1  0      
awak5$ by ! report1 & repeat$ to 8      
laugh+ fri5ds !  fancies !y _h :isp]$ to
 him a mom5t be=e4 ,a well au!nticat$   

case is on record ( a "y ,engli%man :o1 
at ! age ( tw5ty-eight1  ?r\gh disease1 
lo/ ! p[] ( spee* = f\r ye>s4 ,he dream$
  t he fell into a cauldron ( boil+ be]1
 & 9 8 agony &  fright %riek$ = help4 ,(
 c\rse1 he at once awoke1 & f t  mom5t !
 use ( 8 tongue 0 fully recov]$4 ,a     
bottle fill$ )  w>m wat]1 :i* t\*$ !    
feet ( ,dr4 ,james ,gregory aft] he _h  
fall5 asleep1 produc$ an awful vision ( 
a b>e-foot$ tramp ov] !  hot crat] (    
,m\nt tna1 ?r\gh cl\ds ( sulphur\s      
vapors1 & amid  spurt+s ( scald+ lava4  
,because ( a bli/] on ! head ( ,dr4     
,reid1  he 8positively endur$ all !     
physical torture ( be+ scalp$1 :ile     
dream+ t he _h fall5 into ! h&s ( a p>ty
 ( r$ ,indians40 ,a  lady dream$ t a man
 ent]$ h] *amb]1 & tightly clasp$ h]    
left  h& 9 8 )\t (f]+ h] fur!r viol5ce  
or utt]+ a ^w (  explanation4 ,%e       
remon/rat$ ) him 9 va92 %e %riek$ =     
help1  b c\ld n make h]self he>d2 !n    
began a desp]ate /ruggle )  ! imag9>y   
/rang]1 :i* culm9at$ 9 awak+ ! sleep]--b

 n  9 releas+ h] h&1 :i*1 to h] great   
al>m1 0 /ill held z 9 a  vise4 ,summon+ 
all h] w-p[]1 %e rose f h] c\* & cross$ 
! room1 & x 0 only :5 %e attempt$ to    
light a lamp t %e  discov]$ t %e 0 hold+
 h] own h& ) ! o!r1 :i* _h  become numb 
by ! tightness ( ! grasp4    ,indef9ite 
expansion ( "t--or1 r1 a total ignor+ ( 
!  limitations ( "t--is ano!r peculi>ity
 9 dream+4 ,x has be5  demon/rat$ t a   
man c dream 9 detail ! ev5ts ( ye>s1 &  
consume 9 ! act ( dream+ only a small   
fraction ( "o m9ute4  8,i sometimes     
seem$ to h liv$ = sev5ty or "o hundr$   
ye>s 9  "o night10 says ,de ,qu9cy1 !   
pr9ce ( dream]s3 8nay1 ,i sometimes  _h 
feel+s repres5tative ( a mill5nium pass$
 9 t "t40 ,dr4  ,macni%1 f ^: delightful
 essays sev]al ( ^! illu/rations h  be5 
tak51 )9 an h\r dream$ t he made a      
voyage1 rema9$ "s  days 9 ,calcutta1    
return$ home1 !n took %ip = ,egypt1     
visit$ !  cat>acts ( ! ,nile1 ,cairo1 & 
! ,pyramids2 8&1 to cr[n ! :ole1  _h !  
honor ( an int]view ) ,mehemet ,ali1    

,cleopatra1 & ,alex&]  ! ,great60 ,a    
g5tleman dream$ t he _h enli/$ z a      
soldi]1  p]=m$ _m milit>y duties1       
des]t$1 be5 appreh5d$1 c>ri$ back1      
tri$1 condemn$ to be %ot1 & at la/ l$   
out = execution4 ,8 eyes  7 bl9dfold$2  
aft] an int]val ( awful agony he he>d ! 
rattle  ( ! fatal musketry1 & awoke--to 
f9d t 8a noise 9 ! adjo9+  room _h at ! 
same mom5t produc$ ! dream & awak5$     
him40 ,we  h1 p]haps1 all1 ?\gh 9 less  
degree1 _h simil> exp]i5ce ( !  rapidity
 ( ?\ght 9 dream+4    ,!re is h>dly any 
limitation to ! fancy ( ! dream]2 he may
 ev5  lose 8 id5tity1 & = ! nonce       
p]sonate ,cs>1 or ,cromwell1 or  ! ,k+ (
 ! ,cannibal ,isl&s4 ,x is said1 h[ev]1 
t no man or  woman ev] dream$ t he or %e
 belong$ to ! o!r sex2 al?\gh  ! /range 
notion t ! dream] is a fi%1 or bea/1 or 
bird1 is n  infrequ5t4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 
8we are some:at m ?an ourselves 9 our   
dreams40 ,! tir$ s*ool girl cries h]self
 to sleep ov] "s difficult  ari?metical 
task1 dreams1 p]haps1 t h] tea*] assi/s 

h]1 &  wak5s ) ! correct 8answ]0 9 h]   
m9d4 ,s ,condorcet successfully  pursu$ 
8 mo/ intricate calculations 9 8 dreams2
 & ,b5jam9  ,frankl9 has ackn[l$g$ 8    
indebt$ness to 8 midnight visions =  !  
solution ( _m grave political problems  
:i* _h hopelessly  tax$ 8 reason dur+ 8 
wak+ h\rs4 ,an au/]e philosoph]1 :o     
ord9>ily seem$ to be de/itute (         
risibility1 tells u t 9 "o  dream he    
c\ld compose a :ole com$y1 witness its  
p]=mance1 reli%  its je/s1 & laugh      
himself awake4    ,b to ! m>vels (      
,dreaml& !re is no end4 8,/range x is10 
says  ! poetical essayi/1 8:5 regal ,mab
 rides =?1 drawn by a team (  little    
atomies across m5's noses z !y lie      
asleep1 gallop+ ?r\gh  lov]s' bra9s1 &  
ov] c\rti]s' knees1 & lawy]s' f+]s1 &   
soldi]s' necks1 & ladies' lips60        
,/range1 inde$1 & bless$ z  /range4 ,let
 u ?ank ,god = our dreams4 ,!y are !    
great level]s (  life4 ,! cruel         
di/9ctions ( weal? & blood are =gott51 &
 our  p]sonal disadvantages are set     

aside4 ,! ba%ful /utt]] talks )  ! grace
 & fire ( ,demo/h5es1 & ! wa/$ invalid  
rega9s 8  pri/9e vigor4 ,9 dreams       
8,! *ild has f\nd its "m1         ,& !  
"m f9ds h] *ild1       ,& de> families  
are ga!r$1         ,t 7 scatt]$ o'er !  
wild40    ,! poor drudge :o toils we>ily
 ?r\gh twelve long h\rs = ! m]e         
necessities ( life1 c at night sit on a 
gold5 ?rone & disp5se  royal favors4 ,! 
ambiti\s soldi] c fight bloodless       
conte/s1 & w9  empires1 )\t /a9+ 8 s\l )
 ! crimes ( a ,napoleon4    ,& if !     
dreams ( ! mass ( mank9d be s full (    
wond]s1 :at mu/  be ^? ( ! giants (     
intellect & passion8 ,:at exquisite     
s5su\s  delight mu/ h ?rill$ ! poet     
,col]idge dur+ 8 vision ( ,xanadu  (    
,kubla ,khan1 :5 ! m]e fragm5t>y /ra9s t
 he !n he>d sung  are s beautiful6 ,h[  
wild & spectral1 h[ awfully magnific5t1 
7  ! dreams ( ,albre*t ,dr]1 judg$ by ! 
allegorical pictures 9 :i*  he has      
attempt$ to reproduce !m6 ,if to read ( 
! visions ( a ,bunyan  or a ,de ,qu9cy  

?rills u1 :at mu/ x h be5 to exp]i5ce   
!m--to  h fl\nd]$ ) ,pliable 9 ! ,sl\gh 
( ,despond1 & /ood )  ,*ri/ian on !     
,delectable ,m\nta9s--to h be5 8gr9n$   
at1 />$  at1 *att]$ at10 by ?\s&s (     
alligators su* z ! 8,opium-eat]0        
describes1 or to h ) him 8sunk fa?oms   
deep 9 ,nilotic mud40    ,physiologi/s h
 made _m curi\s & valuable obs]vations  
be>+ on  our subject4 ,!y h f\nd t :5 a 
sleep] dreams1 ! bra9 swells  greatly1 &
 becomes r$ 9 color1 :ile ! bra9 ( !    
dreamless  sleep] is 8pale1 %runk51 &   
bloodless20 !y h %[n t1 f  physical     
causes1 he t sleeps on 8 left side w h  
visions (  fanta/ic incongruities1 :ile 
! dreams ( ! slumb]] :o recl9es  on 8 "r
 side w at lea/ be logical &            
self-consi/5t2 !y  h divid$ 8! excit+   
causes ( dream-images into p]iph]al &   
c5tral /imulations0--t is1 into ^? caus$
 by muscul> movem5ts  or positions1 & by
 ! hygi5ic condition ( ! v>i\s organs ( 
! body1 & ^? :i* orig9ate some:at       
my/]i\sly1 9 !  n]ve-c5t]s4    ,aft]    

all1 h[ev]1 v little is kn[n ( ! true   
philosophy (  dream+2 & p]haps ! qua9t  
fancy ( ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne may n be z   
utt]ly absurd z at fir/ x seems--t ?is  
life is b a dream1 &  t dea? w be an    
agreeable awak+ to our real life1 ^: pa/
 is  n[ =gott5 only because we are n[   
asleep4          ,,! ,,homelike ,,h\se4 
,,by ,,susan ,,hayes ,,w>d4      ,,*apt]
 ,,iii4--,,! ,,d9+ ,,room4        ,iss 0
 g> i/1      ,tr9k' 0 kl> i/1           
,spri* 0 wahr i/4        --,g]man ,d9+  
,room ,motto4    ,! c5tral "w-room ( !  
h\se is ! kit*54 ,!re labor is          
cont9u\s4 ,!re ?ree times a day1 ye> 9 &
 ye> out1 ! meals  mu/ be cook$1 & !    
pots & pans wa%$4 ,slov5ly "w !re tells 
all ov] ! h\se4 ,an ill-regulat$ kit*5  
involves poor cook]y &  wa/e1 & *eap5s !
 mo/ arti/ically arrang$ d9+ room4 ,b ! 
importance ( good1 c>eful & intellig5t  
cook]y h>dly comes )9  ! limits ( ?is   
article4    ,x behooves u1 h[ev]1 to    
insi/ ^u x t ! room :]e s mu*  ( !      
necess>y "w ( home is c>ri$ on1 %\ld be 

airy1 sunny1  *e]ful1 well /ock$ ) !    
implem5ts ess5tial to ! light5+ (  kit*5
 labor1 & adapt$ 9 e way to ! com=t (   
its occupants4    ,a good f>m] supplies 
himself ) tools & ma*9es = 8 f>m "w2  b 
8 wife (t5 toils ) crack$ /ove1 gre5    
wood1 & a scant  supply ( kettles &     
pans1 :5 only a slight outlay w\ld save 
h] _m  we>y /eps & mu* worry ( m9d4     
,! kit*5 %\ld h pa9t$ walls t c be      
readily wa%$4 ,inde$1  e surface 9 !    
room %\ld be wa%able4 ,!re %\ld be pl5ty
  ( closet room1 a l>ge s9k1 a l>ge     
"w-table1 com=table *airs1  at lea/ "o  
easy *air1 a %elf = books1 & room 9 !   
w9d[ =  a few plants if desir$4 ,a      
picture or two w\ld n be out ( place if 
protect$ by glass1 nor an occasional    
motto--l ! *>ge to ! ,g]man  cook3      
8,k*91 d5k' an de9e ,pfli*t1            
,v]giss du heut' das ,salz ja ni*t40    
,or ! admirable rules = home liv+ :i*   
,dr4 ,watts wrote = *ildr53             
8,i'll n will+ly (f5d          ,nor be  
easily (f5d$2       ,:at is ill ,i'll   

/rive to m5d1          ,& endure :at c't
 be m5d$40    ,!re are _m small h\ses   
:]e ei!r kit*5 or sitt+-room has to     
s]ve also z d9+ room4 ,any s5sible woman
 c make %ift to get along  com=tably 9  
?is way & eat h] bread & honey ) ! que5 
9 !  kit*5 :5 necessity compels1 s long 
z %e has neatness & despat*  =          
h&-maid5s4 ,"o l>ge1 light room is (t5  
f> bett] ?an two  small d>k ones2 b :]e 
a room does d\ble duty !re c h>dly be   
unity 9 ! arrangem5t & furni%+4    ,to  
my "q1 8,:at is ( mo/ importance 9 ! d9+
 room80 a  man made answ]1 8! kit*510 & 
a woman1 8! outlook40 ,no d\bt  !       
provision ( :olesome & abundant food =  
h] family is !  h\sewife's fir/ duty1 b 
:ile fully endors+ ! mascul9e p>adox1   
we mu/ n ignore ! woman's plea = a      
*e]ful outlook4    ,if possible1 ! d9+  
room %\ld h z good a view z ! h\se      
af=ds4 ,let x look out on ! or*>d1 ! sea
 %ore1 or ! di/ant  hills1 r ?an ! /able
 or ! clo!s l9e4 ,! view ( a  t]rac$1   
box-bord]$ g>d51 ( a tulip b$ & apple   

blooms1 z se5  f an old-fa%ion$ c\ntry  
h\se d9+ room is "o ( ! sweet  memories 
:i* *ildhood has /or$ up = ! enri*m5t ( 
my com+  ye>s4 ,?ree times a day !      
h\sehold ga!rs "h to take ! goods  !    
gods provide !m1 & !n1 if ev]1 !y %\ld  
enjoy a little  leisure1 & be 9 ! mood  
to appreciate ! be/ ( ! out-(-door  _w t
 surr\nds !m4 ,a good view is bett] ?an 
pictures or  /a9$ glass = a d9+ room2 b 
:5 a good view is out ( rea*  & an      
unsightly "o is unavoidable1 !n /a9$    
glass comes to our  aid4 ,if t d>k5s !  
room too mu*1 gr\nd or ca!dral glass    
panes  c transmit ! light1 surr\nd$ by a
 bord] ( color4 ,t w\ld be  ov]-leap+ ! 
ob/acle2 b x c be quietly set aside by  
means  ( a pretty sa% or half-sa% curta9
 ( ,madras musl9 or any pretty1  ?91    
color$ curta9 mat]ial4 ,a curta9 is a   
simpl]1 frank]1  & consequ5tly bett]    
solution ( ?is difficulty ?an any ( !   
pa/$-on1 semi-transluc5t1 pap] *eats t  
simulate /a9$ glass        8,9 fa9t     
disguises t c\ld ne'er disguise40       

,let hone/ pov]ty hold up 8 head & hang 
up a wid? or two ( t5  p5ny ,turkey-r$  
calico by ! aid ( button r+s & a brass  
wire1  s t x c be drawn across ! l[]    
sa%1 & if ! color be 9  keep+ ) ! room1 
x w look bett] ?an any?+ m pret5ti\s  & 
less true4 ,good /a9$ glass1 su* z ,mr4 
,tiffany or ,mr4 ,la ,f>ge  devise1 is v
 beautiful1 b l ,adolphus's tea-pot1 x  
has to be  liv$ up to ?r\gh\t ! room1 & 
s is m exp5sive ?an 9 its  fir/ co/4 ,! 
f9e view1 h[ev]1 involves no extra      
outlay1 & beside  add+ good *e] to t :i*
 ! h\sewife spreads ^u h] bo>d1 x  is no
 inconsid]able factor 9 ! table-talk ( !
 ye>1 help+ n a  little 9 ! ent]ta9m5t (
 gue/s4    ,! d9+ room %\ld also be     
conv5i5tly ne> ! kit*51 ei!r 9  po9t (  
fact1 or made practically ne> 9 ! case (
 a basem5t kit*5  by a 8lift0 or dumb   
wait]4 ,! kit*5 %\ld n op5 directly into
 !  room1 or all ! kit*5 odors w abide  
!re4 ,an int]m$iate pantry  or entry way
 %uts (f _m ( ! smells ( cook+1 & a     
small slide  ?r\gh :i* di%es c be pass$ 

s]ves to ! same end1 z x obviates  !    
necessity ( keep+ ! door aj> :ile food  
is c>ri$ back &  =?4    ,h[ to light !  
d9+ room is a "q ( "s importance4 ,!re  
%\ld be light en\gh to %[ ! table to    
advantage1 b x %\ld be  possible to d>k5
 ! room ) %utt]s or bl9ds 9 ! inevitable
  summ] w>f>e ) flies4 ,a room looks    
bett]1 arti/ically1 :]e !  light ent]s f
 b "o side4 ,cross lights are ! arti/'s 
abhorr5ce4    ,9 city h\ses a           
cons]vatory built out on "o side gives a
 pleasant  sugge/ion ( ! woods &        
out-(-doors1 & at ! same "t gives  ! "r 
effect ( light & %ade to ! room4 ,k]os5e
 lamps are n  ornam5ts to ! d9+ or tea  
table4 ,!y are cumb]some1 malodor\s1  & 
_! room is bett] ?an _! company4 ,a     
*&eli] ov] ! table1  burn+ gas or hold+ 
lamps1 is ! easie/ & *eape/ arrangem5t1 
b n ! mo/ picturesque4 ,! prettie/ light
 ( all1 & probably  ! mo/ exp5sive1 z ! 
prettie/ ?+s are apt to be1 is giv5 by  
wax c&les f tall c&le/icks4 ,f\r ( ^!   
judici\sly arrang$ on  ! table w give an

 abundance ( light = ^? seat$ ab\t x1 if
  additional light be provid$ = ! re/ ( 
! room by a lamp on !  sidebo>d or 9    
side sconces4    ,a d9+ room %\ld n be  
too w>m4 ,x is an old bo>d+ h\se trick  
to s heat ! d9+ room z to take away all 
appetite = food4 ,!  room %\ld1 9 fact1 
be kept a little cool] ?an ! re/ ( !    
h\se1 p>tly because ! l[] temp]ature    
provokes appetite1 & 9  "p because on   
leav+ ! table x is natural to feel a    
s5sation (  *ill9ess1 ! blood ( ! body  
be+ call$ aside to ! bus9ess (          
dige/ion1 s t x is com=table aft] eat+  
to /ep into a room a  few degrees w>m]  
?an t 9 :i* "o has be5 seat$4    ,!     
color ( ! d9+ room dep5ds ^u its size1  
exposure1 & ^u  :e!r x mu/ d d\ble duty 
z sitt+ room1 or libr>y4 ,d>k1 ri*      
furniture & wall-hang+s h be5 ! rule =  
d9+ rooms =  _m a ye>4 ,! l>g] ! room1 !
 m elaborate1 ri* & d>k c  be ! furni%+1
 b a d>k room t h>dly gets a glimpse (  
sun  ?r\gh\t ! ye> mu/ be made sunny by 
pl5ty ( yell[ 9 woodwork1  or walls2    

bright1 sunny pictures ) gilt frames2 & 
by ! glitt] (  brass or ( ! pretty1     
yell[ ,engli% w>e ) :i* ! *9a %ops  are 
agl[ ?is ye>4 ,= ri* wall effects       
,japanese or lea!r pap] is  good1       
,l9cru/a bett]1 ! latt] be+ a           
comp>atively new mat]ial1  9 sub/ance   
some?+ l l9oleum1 wa%able & v durable 7s
 !  manufactur]s ass]t71 hav+ figures   
rais$ ^u x1 & com+ 9 good  designs &    
colors4 ,) elaborately decorat$ walls1  
pla9 curta9s  are call$ =4 ,:]e ! walls 
are to be furni%$ freely ) oil  pa9t+s1 
let ! pictures supply ! decoration1 &   
let ! walls be  z unobtrusive z         
possible--only ensur+ t !y are ( a good 
back  gr\nd color2 sage1 olive-gre51    
olive-br[n1 or dull r$1 9 pa9t or  pap]4
    ,family portraits1 if good1 are n   
out ( place 9 ! d9+ room2  b poor1 old  
photographs 9 bungl+1 black walnut      
frames %\ld be  pres]v$ 9 ! private     
ap>tm5ts ( ^? :o value !m4 ,!y are  nev]
 decorative2 nor are pictures popul>ly  
kn[n z d9+ room  pictures mu* m pleas+4 

,! effigy ( a silv] salv] ( lead5 hue   
load$ ) fruits ( all climes1 ) a decant]
 ( w9e & a half  empty glass1 ( fi%es   
hang+ by _! gills1 or dead ducks1 ea* f 
"o web-foot$ leg1 is n ne>ly s          
attractive z a good portrait1  l&scape1 
g5re picture or fl[] pa9t+1 h[ev] good  
practice !  manufacture ( su* /udies may
 be 9 ! art s*ools4 ,i "k a d9+  room   
:]e1 outrival+ "s amateuri% fruit pa9t+1
 an engrav+  aft] ,rosa ,bonheur ( a    
%eph]dess ) h] %eep has be5 a daily     
delight = ye>s1 & ano!r :]e ! only      
picture space 9 ! room1  t directly ov] 
! mantel %elf 7! walls be+ d>kly        
panel$71 is  fill$ ) a wat] color copy (
 ,sir ,jo%ua's 8,angel ,*oir0 t seems   
fairly to light & hall[ ! air ar\nd x1 l
 ! glories r\nd !  heads ( sa9ts4    ,an
 ov]-mantel is appropriate 9 ! d9+ room 
if any:]e1 z x  af=ds %elf room = *oice 
*9a or glass t ought to be se54 ,a      
little +5uity c g a great way 9 dress+  
up a commonplace %elf  s t x %all h     
dignity & importance4 ,i h kn[n "o to h 

a v ari/ocratic air :i* 0 only an       
adaptation ( "p ( a  f\r-po/ b$/ead1    
graceful1 sl5d] po/s /&+ on ei!r side ( 
! fireplace1 built up ) %elves ( v>y+   
wid? & l5g?4    ,if books 9 e room are a
 prime necessity1 z our model home-mak] 
assures u1 !n !re %\ld be at lea/ "o    
book-%elf 9 ea* room4    8,pray :at is t
 book-%elf =80 asks ! visitor :ile seat$
 at !  d9n] table 9 8,! ,poet's ,h\se10 
:i* ,mr4 ,scudd] has describ$ =  u4     
8,books ( ref]5ce10 said ,/illwell1     
promptly4 8,x's extraord9>y  h[ _m      
little que/ions come up = discussion at 
! table1 que/ions  ( dates1 ( names1 (  
quotations4 ,s ,i keep a diction>y1 a   
book  ( dates1 a brief biographical     
diction>y1 a diction>y ( poetical       
quotations1 & "o or two o!r su* books at
 h&4 ,x is ! sidebo>d  to our m5tal     
fea/4 ,we don't keep ev]y?+ we possibly 
ne$ on !  table itself40 ,& o!rs beside 
poets w\ld f9d su* a %elf ( great       
conv5i5ce4    ,!re %\ld be at lea/ a    
squ>e ( c>pet 9 ! d9+ room "u !  table1 

n only = w>m? & ! look ( com=t1 b to    
prev5t !  noise ( *airs scrap+ ov] ! b>e
 floor4 ,9 o!r rooms small rugs  scatt]$
 "h & !re may suffice1 ?\gh "o l>ge rug 
is always m  re/ful to ! eye1 b a table 
ar\nd :i* a family ga!rs1 ei!r 9  d9+ or
 sitt+ room %\ld = ^! obvi\s reasons    
always /&  ^u c>pet4 ,:]e ! floor is    
c>pet$ ?r\gh\t & a crumb-clo? or        
drugget us$1 pa9s %\ld be tak5 9 !      
selection ( ! latt] to get  ! colors 9  
h>mony ) ^? ( ! c>pet4 ,*eap druggets z 
a rule  are s gl>+ & crude 9 color t any
 c>pet t respects itself  loses tone at 
once1 & appe>s ?or\ghly commonplace :5  
=c$ into  association ) ! bl[zy ?+s4 ,! 
pati5t seek]1 h[ev]1 may be  rew>d$ 9 8 
se>* by f9d+ a 8,bock+0 or drugget t    
%all be  z ?or\ghly becom+ to 8 c>pet z 
is ! tidy morn+ apron to  ! neat-h&$    
,phyllis :o we>s x4 ,s9ce ! days ( ,k+  
,ar?ur !  r\nd table has be5 held ! mo/ 
delightful = social & hospitable        
purposes4 ,) a small family !re is a    
cos9ess ab\t a r\nd table  t is v *>m+1 

b :5 "o is =c$ to enl>ge ! circle a     
small1 r\nd table c n be exp&$ to !     
requir$ circumf]5ce4 ,a  solid table    
sev5 feet long & f\r feet wide w seat   
six com=tably1  & eight )\t cr[d+1 & is 
( delightful dim5sions to sit ab\t  ( an
 ev5+1 :5 "w or /udy is t[>d4 ,if su* a 
table be us$ 7an  ,ea/lake table1 our   
furniture deal]s w\ld call x1 s9ce ,mr4 
,ea/lake  inveigh$ s sev]ely aga9/ :at  
he /yl$ ! 8telescope0 table7 !re  %\ld  
be two side tables made f\r feet long   
:i* c\ld be ( s]vice  9 ! room1 /&+     
aga9/ ! wall1 b on occasion c\ld be us$ 
to  enl>ge ! d9+ table4 ,h4 ,j4 ,coop]1 
an au?ority on h\se-furni%+1  aft]      
speak+ ( ,mr4 ,ea/lake's objections &   
sugge/ions1 says3    8,we d n f9d1      
h[ev]1 any great revolution 9 ! matt] ( 
exp&+  d9+ tables1 & are incl9$ to ?9k  
_! great conv5i5ce w  prove a b>ri] to  
any wide-spread re=m40    ,a good table 
%\ld be poli%$1 n v>ni%$1 & protect$ :5 
n 9  use by a sub/antial cov]4    ,side 
tables are s]viceable :5 "o's space or  

purse w n all[ (  a sidebo>d1 b         
sidebo>ds are useful articles (         
furniture1 & look  bett] :5 made ( !    
same wood z table & *airs4 ,!y %\ld be  
simple ( con/ruction1 ) /raight r ?an   
curv$ l9es1 smoo?  surfaces1 & ) draw]s 
easily get-at-able & lightly            
pull-out-able4    ,! sidebo>d %\ld hold 
! table l95 = daily use1 ! daily silv]  
& cutl]y1 teacups & sauc]s4 ,if1 9      
addition1 x c f9d room = a  conv5i5t box
 ( biscuits1 pot ( g+]1 or any simple   
refre%m5t =  ! late work] :o likes a    
bite be=e go+ to b$1 s mu* ! bett]  w x 
s]ve its purpose z a sidebo>d4 ,our     
gr&mo!rs kept "h  decant]s & w9e        
glasses1 b 9 ^! days ( ! ,w4 ,c4 ,t4 ,u4
 w9e is  seldom f\nd /&+ out boldly 9   
sight 9 ! d9+ room4 ,9 addition  to !   
sidebo>d a small table or a butl]'s tray
 %\ld be ready to h&  to hold di%es or  
food t mu/ be us$ 9 ! table s]vice4     
,cab9ets = ! display ( *9a1 closets let 
into ! *imney = !  safe keep+ ( nice    
glass1 %\ld feel !mselves at home "h1   

:ile  plaques & old *9a plates seem to  
belong ( "r to ! d9+ room1  & c be      
arrang$ ov] doors by means ( a t9y      
balu/rade1 or on !  frieze1 or z        
ov]-mantel decorations1 :ile *oice cups 
& sauc]s c  fill ! cab9et spaces4 ,9 !  
breakfa/ room1 :]e ,i am n[ writ+  7n my
 own71 ,i h j c\nt$ fifty-n9e pieces (  
glass or pott]y  :i* hang on ! wall or  
/& expos$ on sidebo>d1 mantel or %elves1
  besides ! tiles ( ! fireplace1 two    
small cab9ets1 ea* hold+  a half doz5   
r>e & preci\s ,japanese cups & sauc]s   
protect$ by  glass1 & two l>ge cab9ets  
fill$ to ov]fl[+ ) specim5 *9a1  & yet !
 room does n seem at all ov]/ock$ )     
c]amic treasures4    ,gr[+ plants are   
*>m+ d9+ room ornam5ts1 b w only ?rive  
:]e a m9imum ( gas & furnace heat & a   
maximum ( sun%9e &  fre% air is suppli$1
 ) regul> att5tion z to wat] & %[]      
ba?s4 ,!y are sure1 h[ev]1 to rew>d     
pa9/ak+ c>e4    ,decorative *9a &       
plants1 h[ev]1 are luxuries1 ?\gh less  
or m  )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,a scre51 ?\gh   

usually look$ ^u z a  luxury1 is 9 ! d9+
 room almo/ a necessity1 & x c be b\ght 
or  manufactur$ at home = a nom9al sum4 
,_m a gue/ has be5 well nigh  m>tyr$ at 
table ) a fire 9 ! re> & sunlight to !  
=e1 ^:  meals might h be5 made a delight
 by a c>eful adju/m5t ( %ades  & bl9ds &
 ! judici\s int]v5tion ( a scre5 betwe5 
*air &  grate4 ,doors mu/ ne$s be left  
op5 z s]vants pass back & =?1 &  a scre5
 betwe5 ! mi/ress's *air & ! door may   
save h] f _m  an annoy+ influ5za4    ,a 
?ick1 :ite clo? ( felt or ,canton       
flannel %\ld be spread ov] !  table be=e
 x is 8set40 ,?is n only protects !     
poli% ( ! table  top1 b makes ! l95 clo?
 lie mu* bett]1 & appe> to ! be/        
advantage4    ,table l95 %\ld1 s f> z   
possible1 be spotless4 ,f9e damask is   
co/ly1 b a clean1 co>se clo? looks bett]
 ?an a f9e "o soil$ &  tumbl$4 ,x is    
true t table l95 is worn m by wa%+ ?an  
by use4  ,/ill x mu/ be wa%$--at lea/ t 
is ! ,am]ican !ory4 ,i h sat  at a table
 9 ,saxony :]e ! table l95 bore ! date (

 m ?an  a c5tury be=e1 b !re ! wa% 0    
p]haps a semi-annual affair1  & a       
breakfa/ clo? 0 made to s]ve f ,ea/]    
till ,july1 breakfa/  be+ only a simple 
meal ( a roll & a cup ( c(fee4    ,we c 
lay d[n no fur!r rule = ! *ang+ ( table 
l954 ,x is  p]haps bett] to keep        
breakfa/ & d9n] clo?s sep>ate1 ! f9]  = 
d9n]1 t be+ ! m =mal meal2 tea & lun*eon
 c be  s]v$1 if "o wi%es1 )\t table     
clo?4 ,if c>e be tak5 to lay a  c>v+    
clo? or napk9 "u ! meat platt]1 or a tea
 clo? :]e tea  or c(fee are to be p\r$1 
breakfa/ & d9n] clo?s c be kept fre%    
long]4    ,"s writ]s m nice ?an wise    
sne] at napk9 r+s1 imply+ t  no table   
l95 %\ld be us$ m ?an once )\t wa%+4 ,b 
!re  are few families ( any size t c    
af=d su* lavi% laundry "w4  ,a family ( 
six w\ld require tw5ty-"o doz5 napk9s 9 
con/ant use1  if giv5 out fre% ea* meal4
 ,:5 ! same napk9 mu/ s]ve = m  ?an "o  
meal1 a napk9 r+ is ! simple/ & sure/   
way ( secur+  ea* p]son 8 own4 ,( c\rse 
r+s are only = family use1 n = !        

transi5t gue/1 & !y w\ld be out ( place 
at a d9n] p>ty4    ,table clo?s %\ld be 
done up ) a suspicion ( />*1 n en\gh to 
/iff5 !m1 b ) only s mu* z w make !m    
iron well4 ,heavy  l95 looks & we>s     
bett] ?an light4 ,l>ge napk9s are = d9n]
  use4 ,delicate doilies ( f9e drawn l95
 "w or silk embroid]y are  laid "u f+]  
b[ls to protect ! *oice *9a plates on   
:i* !  b[ls re/4 ,?is doily %\ld be laid
 to "o side ) ! b[l1 x  %\ld n be us$ z 
a fruit doily4 ,i h se5 an abs5t m9d$   
man  roll up 9 a crumpl$ heap "o ( ^!   
delicate lace affairs co/+  five doll>s1
 p]haps1 & !n c>elessly wipe h&s &      
m\/a*e )  x1 :ile ! mi/ress ( ! h\se    
look$ on ) an assum$ placidity  :i*     
spoke volumes = h] p[]s ( self-control4 
,! f+] b[l is n an elegant affectation1 
b is a g5u9e com=t  :]e fruit or sweets 
are s]v$4 ,fruit napk9s %\ld be us$ to  
save  l>ge damask ones f /a9s4    ,if ! 
fir/ requirem5t = a well ord]$ table is 
cleanl9ess 9  damask & di%es1 ! second  
is tid9ess & regul>ity ( arrangem5t4    

,if mats are plac$ "u hot di%es let !m  
lie on ! squ>e1 & let  ! plates be put  
on at regul> int]vals1 & 9 a /raight    
l9e4 ,a  hotel wait] :o fl+s plates &   
plat$ w>e at ! table by a dextr\s  twirl
 ( ! wri/ is no model = ! home table    
sett]4 ,spoons = s\p  & dess]t %\ld lie 
to ! "r ( ! plate1 knives above1 =ks  to
 ! left2 ?is is ! "t honor$ usage1 & x  
makes ! labor (  s]v+ dess]t easi] if   
all knives1 spoons & =ks to be us$ dur+ 
! meal are laid at ! fir/ by ea* plate4 
,tumbl]s /& to ! "r  a little above !   
plate1 butt]-plates 9 a correspond+     
position to  ! left4 ,avoid ! use ( :at 
are popul>ly kn[n z 8individual0  di%es 
^u ! table1 su* z butt] plates1 salt    
cell>s1 sauce plates1  & s =?4 ,?is is  
ano!r hotel fa%ion t %\ld n f9d its way 
into ! home4 ,x is bett] to use a l>g]  
plate & take a great]  v>iety ( food ^u 
x4 ,! little butt] di%es are really ne$$
  only ) w>m$ plates2 & beans1 peas1    
corn1 & o!r vegetables 9  sep>ate di%es1
 ab\t a d9+ plate1 make a table look v  

untidy1  & make extra & unnecess>y "w = 
! di%wa%]4 ,an ,engli% lady  :o visit$  
me a ye> ago took home to ,london ) h] z
 an ,am]ican  curiosity a set ( butt]   
plates :i*1 s %e writes1 %e has n yet   
f\nd opportunity to use1 n hav+ _h any  
,am]ican visitors4    ,/eel knives are  
bett]1 & :]e meats are to be s]v$ are m 
desirable 9 e way ?an plat$ ones1 !     
latt] be+ a device to  save ! labor (   
8sc\r+0 ) ,bri/ol brick4    ,fl[]s or   
fruit are nev] out ( place ^u ! d9+ room
 table2 a  %[y p]gne is n necess>y1 = a 
pretty gr[+ plant always makes  a good  
c5t] piece1 & a s+le rose 9 a sl5d]     
glass adds flavor to  ! be/ cook$ meal4 
,my gr&mo!r ( bless$ memory us$ to say t
  ! simpl] ! meal ! m pa9s %\ld be tak5 
to s]ve x da9tily4  ,broil$ salt pork & 
bak$ potatoes1 accord+ to h] !ory1 c\ld 
be  s bravely set out ^u ! table z to   
make a meal fit = gods & m54  ,a p>sley 
b$ is ( special s]vice 9 deck+ out a    
simple d9n]1 &  cel]y tops are n to be  
despis$4    ,! heads ( ! h\sehold %\ld  

face ea* o!r f ! ends &  n ! sides ( !  
table1 if ! meals are s]v$ ,engli%      
fa%ion1  vegetables & meat be+ plac$ ^u 
! table4 ,no table c be set  ) any air (
 elegance :5 ! meat platt] or ! tea     
equipage /&  9 ! middle ( "o side4 ,x   
makes comp>atively little diff]5ce1     
h[ev]1 :5 meals are s]v$  la ,russe1 t  
is ) meats &  vegetables plac$ at side  
tables & pass$ by s]vants1 :ile only    
fruit1 bon-bons & ornam5tal di%es appe> 
^u ! bo>d4 ,! latt]  fa%ion seems to be 
obta9+ 9 ,am]ica1 & an intellig5t       
d9]-out  rem>k$ 9 my he>+ ! o!r day1 t  
fifty ye>s h5ce no meats at  all w\ld be
 c>v$ at table4 ,?is ,russian fa%ion is 
pretty & :olly  luxuri\s1 z x removes   
all possible dem&s = s]vice or          
helpfulness  f ^? seat$ at table1 &     
devolves x all ^u s]vants4 ,!  fa%ion   
requires m & bett] tra9$ s]vants ?an mo/
 ( u h at  comm&4    ,! bane ( mod]n    
ent]ta9m5ts is ! enorm\s numb] ( c\rses 
t /yle makes ess5tial4 ,wom5 ) b "o or  
two s]vants at !  mo/ feel call$ ^u to  

give lun*eon or d9n] p>ties1 & c\rse    
foll[s c\rse1 _m ( !m s5t away sc>ce    
ta/$1 & ! home  silv] & *9a n suffic+ = 
! occasion1 mu/ be ek$ out by  borr[+ or
 by exp$iti\s wa%+s betwe5 ! c\rses4 ,! 
giv+ (  su* ent]ta9m5ts by p]sons (     
mod]ate means exhau/s n]ves z well  z   
purse4 ,let u wisely give up ap+ ri* p's
 ways1 & aim =  simplicity 9 our table  
s]vice4    ,color$ table w>e is *e]i] ^u
 ! table ?an :ite4 ,v pretty  ,engli% or
 ,am]ican sets c be obta9$ at l[ prices4
 ,! ,canton *9a  7will[ patt]n7 comes 9 
good %apes1 is ( good color & /&>d      
design1 & s+le pieces c always be b\ght 
to replace :at has be5  brok51 b        
8,porcela9 by be+ pure is apt to break10
    ,or at lea/ to *ip at ! edges1 & =  
e-day use pretty crock]y  is good en\gh 
unless a pa9/ak+ & cauti\s h& wields !  
di%-mop4 ,! m cov]$ ) decoration 7design
 & color be+ good7  ! pretti] w be !    
effect ( ! w>e :5 9 use4    ,x is n at  
all necess>y to h all ! di%es ^u ! table
 ( !  same /yle & patt]n4 ,h>lequ9 sets 

c (t5 be br\ght toge!r  s z to comb9e   
h>moni\sly1 & pretty s+le pieces c be   
b\ght  m>vel\sly *eap4 ,amateur pa9t$   
*9a is g5]ally too co/ly =  daily use1 &
 :5 good %\ld be treat$ ) respect4      
,pla9 silv] is on ! :ole bett] = pla9   
liv]s ?an t :i* is  m elaborately       
ornam5t$1 & absolutely pla9 solid silv] 
=ks  & spoons c nev] be out ( ta/e1 & c 
easily be kept tidy )  :it+4            
,electro-silicon & pat5t clean]s ( t ilk
 injure silv]  & are ru9\s to plat$ w>e4
    ,! beauty ( silv] & pott]y dep5ds   
fir/ ^u _! =m &  adaptation to use2     
secondly1 ^u _! decoration4 ,delicate   
*as+s  & ?9 rep\ss "w are naturally z   
appropriate to silv] z good  %apes &    
flat decoration are to e>!n w>e4    ,z  
to glass1 !re is a cry/al craze at      
pres5t1 & 8hob-nail0 glass  glitt]s on  
all tables4 ,miss ,lucy ,crane1 9 h]    
lecture on 8,=m10 says  7& ,i quote     
freely because h] words are timely73    
8,z ! beauty ( glass consi/s 9 its      
transp>5cy & lightness1 &  its          

capability ( be+ twi/$ or bl[n or m\ld$ 
into a multitude (  delicate =ms1 x e>ly
 occurr$ to ! manufactur+ m9d t if made 
?ick & solid1 & cut into facets x w\ld  
resemble cry/al2 & ?us  x has come to be
 a fix$ idea t h>d glitt] is its mo/    
valuable  quality1 s x is made in*es    
?ick1 & p\nds heavy1 to enhance its     
brilliancy2 & be+ "o ( ! mo/ fragile (  
sub/ances1 x mu/  be engrav$ ) p's cre/s
 & monograms z if x 7 int5d$  to c>ry   
d[n ! "n ( ! family = g5]ations to come6
 ,be+ (  its nature transp>5t1 x mu/ be 
r5d]$ opaque ( set int5tion by  color+  
matt]1 & !n pa9t$ & gild$6 ,s9ce at its 
/ronge/  glass c nev] be any?+ b        
fragile1 at lea/ let x keep ! beauty    
belong+ to fragility2 s9ce x is         
naturally transp>5t1 let ! light  be se5
 /ream+ ?r\gh x1 sometimes delicately   
t9t$1 sometimes  iridesc5t1 &1 in/ead ( 
be+ cut1 let x be bl[n & twi/$ into  !  
?\s& delicate %apes to :i* x easily l5ds
 itself1 & (  :i* 9 ! ,v5etian glass ( a
 bygone day1 & 9 its pres5t revival1    

!re are su* delightful examples40    ,i 
saw la/ ev5+ a h&ful ( flasks on _! way 
to ! laboratory1  ^: soap bubble effects
 7 f> m beautiful ?an all ! cold  glitt]
 ( all ! 8hob-nail0 w>e t ,s&wi* has ev]
 produc$4    ,9 a bo>d+ h\se x may      
economize labor to set ! table ov]      
night1  b x is pleasant] & m homelike to
 h x set fre% & clean  ) ! morn+ light2 
beside1 to h ! d9+ table cle> ( an  ev5+
 is (t5 a great family conv5i5ce4    ,! 
d9+ room af=ds gr& opportunity = !      
dome/ic arti/4 ,!  bread bo>d1 bread &  
c>v+ knife h&les1 salad =k & spoon1  all
 (f] employm5t to ! c>v]'s tool1 to say 
no?+ ( cab9et1  sidebo>d & ov]-mantel4  
,tiles = tea pot re/s & all sorts (  *9a
 call = ! decorator's skillful bru%1    
:ile tea clo?s &  coseys1 doilies1 mats1
 c5t]pieces & c>v+ clo?s all await !    
embroid]]'s ne$le4    ,arise1 my "y     
read]s1 & take y\r tools 9 h&1 = home "w
 is  ! faire/ adorn+ ( ! homelike h\se4 
,,mexico4      ,mexico is a c\ntry rea*+
 f ! ,gulf on its ea/]n coa/ to !       

,pacific ,ocean1 almo/ #b1jjj miles1 ) a
 bread? v>y+ f #adj to  #gej miles4 ,!  
:ole t]ritory ( ,montezuma1 at ! "t ( ! 
,spani%  conque/1 0 n less ?an          
#a1fjj1jjj squ>e miles1 m ?an "o half  (
 :i* has be5 obta9$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
by pur*ase1 en=c$  treaties1 or o!rwise4
 ,! pla9s on ! coa/ are l[1 m>%y1 & 9  !
 summ] & autumn mal>ial diseases are v  
preval5t4 ,/rang]s  c visit ! place )   
safety only ab\t f\r mon?s 9 ! ye>1 :5  
sev]e nor!rn gales cool ! heat$         
atmosph]e & dissipate ! se$s  ( disease4
    ,!re are #f1jjj miles ( coa/ l9e1 b1
 consid]+ its ext5t1 x does  n furni% _m
 good h>bors4    ,! ma9 body ( ! l& is  
an elevat$ plateau1 trav]s$ by *a9s  (  
m\nta9s1 "s ( :i* are ( extraord9>y     
height4 ,! ea/]n  ,cordill]a1 or *a91 t 
runs ne>ly nor? f ! initial po9t has  an
 elevation ( #f1jjj feet1 ! we/]n ne>ly 
#aj1jjj4 ,trav]s+ !  longitud9al range1 
!re are sev]al cross ranges conta9+ "s (
  ! highe/ volcanoes on ! cont95t4 ,!y  
are all quiesc5t n[1 &  none ( !m h be5 

active dur+ ! pres5t c5tury4 ,!re are n 
_m lakes1 & none t are v l>ge4 ,! bas9s 
( "s1 ?\gh (  suffici5t ext5t1 are s    
arid1 & evaporation is c>ri$ on s       
rapidly  t ! wat] 9 !m has1 at times1 q 
disappe>$4 ,nei!r are !  riv]s ( mu*    
importance z ?or\ghf>es4 ,! ,rio ,gr&e1 
=m+ !  b\nd>y betwe5 ,mexico & ,texas1  
is ! longe/ 7#a1ejj miles71 b  navigable
 only = a %ort di/ance4 ,^? 9 ! m\nta9  
region are  impetu\s torr5ts1 l>g] ne>  
_! s\rce ?an aft]w>d1 z !y lose  m by   
absorption1 9 pass+ ?r\gh arid portions 
( ! table-l&s1  ?an !y ga9 by dra9age1  
except 9 ! ra9y season4 ,aft] pl[+  deep
 furr[s1 & cutt+ out imm5se rav9es among
 ! foot hills ( !  m\nta9s1 "s are p>tly
 exhau/$1 drawn into res]voirs & canals 
con/ruct$ = purposes ( irrigation1 &    
spread out into sluggi%  bay\s1 ( no    
great dep?1 be=e !y rea* ! sea4 ,! lack 
(  navigable /reams has be5 s]i\sly     
felt4    ,climate1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1   
decides ! flora ( a c\ntry1 & 9  ?is    
respect ,mexico has _m advantages4 ,7 ! 

c\ntry level f !  ,gulf to ! ocean1 x   
w\ld h mo/ly a tropical climate1 &      
produce  only ! vegetation ( ! tropics4 
,b1 ris+ 9 successive /ages to  a height
 ( #ai1gbj feet1 ! temp]ature *anges ) !
 elevation1  & a l>ge portion enjoys !  
climate ( ! temp]ate zones4 ,!  l[ ly+  
region ne> ! coa/1 call$ ! 8hot c\ntry10
 has a ri*  soil1 a humid atmosph]e1 &  
abundant ra9s1 t p]petually n\ri%  a    
rank tropical vegetation4 ,at an        
elevation ( #c1jjj feet we rea* a       
delightful zone :]e ! extremes ( heat & 
cold are unkn[n1 !  temp]ature rang+ f  
fifty to eighty-six degrees4 ,"h ! =ms  
( vegetable life1 m+l+ ^? ( ! l[] & upp]
 regions1 h  a *>m+ v>iety4 ,cross+ ?is 
wide belt1 ) its luxuriance 9  ?+s (    
surpass+ beauty & usefulness1 & advanc+ 
gradually  till ! m\nta9s beg9 to %[ _! 
rugg$ =ms1 at an elevation (  #h1jjj    
feet a cold] climate is rea*$1 ) a      
correspond+ *ange 9  ! vegetation t n[  
ranges f ! corn1 b>ley1 & o!r useful    
c]eals & h>di] fruits to ! cryptogamia (

 ! m\nta9 top4 ,take  x all ?r\gh1 f    
coa/ to m\nta91 x is q safe to say      
,mexico  has a flora n excell$ by any   
o!r c\ntry ( ! same dim5sions4 ,&  x has
 increas$ ) ! advance ( civilization4   
,_m plants1 fl[]+  %rubs1 & fruit-be>+  
trees t 7 n indig5\s1 b successive      
contributions f ! ,old ,_w1 h a vigor\s 
gr[?1 & produce  abundantly4 ,apples1   
pe>s1 pea*es1 *]ries1 oranges & grapes1 
) a  v>iety ( *oice ,ea/ ,india fruits1 
are widely di/ribut$ ?r\gh !  c\ntry4 ,9
 ! coa/ region1 & to an elevation ( ab\t
 #a1ejj feet1  !y h cotton1 cocoanuts1  
cocoa1 cloves1 vanilla1 nutmegs1 pepp]s1
  & o!r spices ( comm]ce1 beside !      
fruits ( ne>ly all tropical  c\ntries ( 
! ea/ & we/4 ,high] up !y h sug>1 c(fee1
  indigo1 rice1 tea1 bananas1 & an      
abundant supply ( edible roots1 su*  z  
yam1 arr[-root1 sweet potato1 & all !   
fruits ( ,am]ica1 ,c5tral  ,asia1 &     
,b>b>y4    ,f a p>tial catalogue ( !    
productions ( ! c\ntry !re is  evid5ce t
 its agricultural possibilities are v   

great4 ,ne>ly  all fruits & gra91 inde$1
 ne>ly all plants t gr[1 are ei!r       
indig5\s to ! c\ntry or may f9d a       
cong5ial home )9 its limits4  ,"s p>ts (
 ! upl& require irrigation to make !m   
productive1  &1 if ! dry season is      
prolong$1 wat] mu/ be /or$ 9 bas9s =  ! 
use ( /ock4 ,! neglect ( ?is1 especially
 :]e ! l& has  be5 long cle>$1 causes   
b>r5ness1 & gives ! c\ntry a desolate   
appe>ance4    ,! agriculture ( ! c\ntry 
has nev] be5 ( a high ord]1 ?\gh !      
,aztecs1 at ! "t ( ! ,spani% invasion1 7
 an agricultural p1  & ab\t z well      
acqua9t$ ) ! arts & processes ( husb&ry 
z mo/ nations ( ! ,ea/ 7 at t day4 ,hav+
 incorporat$ 9  _! communities ! %att]$ 
rema9s ( ! old ,tolteck tribes !y  _h   
acquir$ consid]able civilization1 & 7 n1
 z ! invad]s  suppos$1 rude nomads1 or  
ev5 h]dsm51 b cultivators ( ! soil1  &  
fix$ 9 ! possession ( _! e/ates4 ,!irs 0
 n a skillful  husb&ry1 s9ce necessity1 
"m ( inv5tions1 _h n greatly  improv$   
ei!r _! me?ods or _! in/rum5ts4 ,!y _h  

no pl[s1  h>r[s1 or cultivators1 b us$  
hoes1 knives1 & sickles made (  copp]4  
,9 plant+1 ! e>? 0 loos5$ ) a hoe or    
/ick1 & !  se$1 :5 dropp$1 cov]$ ) !    
foot4    ,! pres5t /ate ( agriculture1  
?\gh mu* improv$1 is /ill v  inf]ior1 & 
! production1 report$ 9 ! la/ c5sus1    
#agg1dea1ihe1  might1 f ! same areas1 be
 greatly increas$4 ,be=e ! rec5t  adv5t 
( railroads ^? f> 9 ! int]ior _h no     
adequate means =  export+ ! excess ( _! 
products1 & little inducem5t to raise  m
 ?an !y ne$$ to consume4    ,mexican    
=e/s furni% 9 abundance ne>ly1 if n all1
 ! useful  timb] trees ( ! nor?1 & ^?   
valuable woods t gr[ only 9 !  tropics4 
,"s sixty v>ieties us$ = timb] are      
m5tion$1 & tw5ty  suitable = ! f9e/ /yle
 ( int]ior f9i%+ & furni%+4    ,! m9es (
 ,mexico h long be5 fam\s1 & are n      
surpass$ 9  ri*ness by ^? ( any o!r     
c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,e>ly 9 !  fifte5? c5tury
 ! inhabitants _h accumulat$ weal? f t  
s\rce1 & ! glitt] ( _! gold l$ !        
av>ici\s ,spani>ds to  und]take !       

conque/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,j h[ long ! m9es _h
 be5  work$ be=e ! invad]s came is n    
kn[n4 ,aft] a *ange ( own]s1  & !       
improv$ me?ods !y adopt$1 ! product 0   
greatly increas$1  & ev] s9ce1 ?\gh     
subject to _m int]ruptions on acc\nt (  
political di/urbances1 x has be5 l>g]   
?an 9 any o!r c\ntry  except ! ,unit$   
,/ates4 ,! ,spani% settl]s at once      
engag$ 9 work+  ! m9es ( ,tasco1        
,pa*uca1 ,zacatecas1 & ,guanajuato4     
,cortes select$  = himself & work$ !    
gold m9es ( ,te*uantepec1 & ! silv]     
m9es ( ,zacatecas1 t 7 f\nd productive4 
,! m9e at ,real del  ,monte1 ne> ! city 
( ,mexico1 has yield$ l>gely1 & enri*$  
sev]al  successive own]s4 ,& ! pr9cipal 
ve9 at ,guanajuato1 not$ = its  ri*ness1
 is describ$ z t5 y>ds wide1 & has be5  
work$ a di/ance  ( m ?an eight miles4 ,9
 ! e>ly "p ( ?is c5tury ! annual        
product ( ^! m9es exce$$ tw5ty-five     
million doll>s1 & !y  seem inexhau/ible4
 ,! :ole ( ! gold & silv] tak5 f ! m9es 
( ,mexico up to #ahgj 0 e/imat$ at      

#d1bjj1jjj1jjj4 ,! sev5 pr9cipal  m9es (
 ,san ,luis ,potosi are said to be v    
productive1 & ! :ole  ( ,s9aloa ab\nds 9
 silv] m9es4 ,9 ,sonora !re are "o      
hundr$ &  =ty-f\r op]at$1 *iefly produc+
 gold1 & a mu* l>g] numb] 9  :i*1 ?\gh  
productive1 "w is susp5d$4 ,_m l>ge m9+ 
di/ricts  are simply locat$1 & _!       
developm5t delay$1 await+ m ready  means
 ( access to !m4 ,t c\ntry alone1       
probably1 c\ld furni%  ! _w a full      
supply ( ! preci\s metals = c5turies1 or
 until  !y become z pl5ty & *eap z !y 7 
9 ,j]usalem 9 ! "t  ( ,solomon's reign4 
,mexico has n only m9es ( gold & silv]1 
b  ! c\ntry ab\nds 9 o!r m9]als ( no    
less importance4 ,iron1 t91  copp]1     
lead1 m]cury1 c9nab>1 & ne>ly all ! kn[n
 metals are m  or less abundant4 ,coal  
is f\nd 9 ?ree or f\r di/ricts1 b to :at
  ext5t1 or ( :at quality we are n      
in=m$4 ,! products ( ! coal  fields1 &  
_! ri* qu>ries1 & ( ! oil belts1 c be b 
little  kn[n till _! facilities =       
transportation are improv$4    ,! roads 

con/ruct$ z ?or\ghf>es ( travel &       
comm]ce w modify  ! indu/ries ( ! c\ntry
 ?r\gh :i* !y pass4 ,m9+ & /ock  rais+1 
already ext5sive1 w be increas$4 ,f>m+ &
 f>ms1 su*  z we h 9 ! ,/ates1 w be     
common1 &1 z ! res\rces ( !  c\ntry     
become bett] kn[n1 _m ent]pris+ m5 w be 
attract$ to  ! ,mexican plateaux2       
society w improve1 ! reign ( sup]/ition 
w cease1 & a free gov]nm5t = an         
intellig5t ,*ri/ian p1  ?\gh = a "t     
/ruggl+ aga9/ *ronic t5d5cies to        
revolution1  w become e/abli%$1 & /rong 
z x is lib]al4    ,mexico enc\rages     
immigration1 b1 naturally en\gh1 pref]s 
^?  ( ! ,lat9 race1 z m l ! native      
population4 ,/ill1 hav+  fri5dly        
relations ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & greatly  
improv$  opportunities = int]c\rse1     
prejudices w be ov]come1 b>ri]s t  h    
h9d]$ immigration tak5 d[n1 & p]fect    
lib]ty ( consci5ce  proclaim$ ?r\gh all 
! l&1 to all ! inhabitants !re(4        
,,two ,,seas4    ,,by ,,ada ,,idd+s     
,,gale4          ,are n ^? wild /e$s    

*amp+ on ! bea*1        ,re>+ & spla%+  
on ! lonesome %ore1      ,! ma9 l& seek+
 frantic'ly to rea*1        ,_! :ite    
manes gleam+ l ! fro/ wrea?s ho>8       
,/e$s ( ! sea are !y t tireless ev]     
,beat ) _! s\nd+ ho(s ! h>d sea s&1     
,la%$ onw>d by ! bla/1 ) fi]ce endeavor 
,!y va9ly seek ! quiet ( ! l&4          
,type ( t wild unre/ t fills ! s\l3     
,! waves ( long+1 mad desire1 & /rife1  
,^: und]tone ( sorr[fulle/ dole         
,is ! sad voic+ ( ! sea call$ ,life4    
,a type & yet unlike--!re is a %ore     
,:]e ! wild sea =gets ! tempe/'s brea?1 
,& re/s 9 lullful sil5ce ev]more        
,^u ! wide1 :ite1 %9+ /r& ( dea?4       
,o p]fect peace6 ,o bless$ my/]y6       
,:]e waves ( long+ cease _! ga9less     
que/1      ,& on ! /ill s&s ( et]nity   
,d melt away 9 an et]nal re/4           
,,new ,,orleans ,,_w',s ,,exposition4   
,,by ,,bi%op ,w4 ,f4 ,,mallalieu1 ,d4,d4
      ,london & ,p>is1 ,vi5na1          
,philadelphia & ,new ,orleans %>e !     
honor (  hav+ be5 select$ z sites = !   

gr&e/ displays ( :i* mod]n  civilization
 is capable4 ,?is f>-away city ( !      
,s\!a/ 0 select$  9 view ( ! fact t x is
 ! great metropolis ( a va/ & rapidly   
develop+ portion ( ! ,union1 & to       
emphasize ! fact t ! "t  has come :5 !  
pa/1 ) its mi/akes & antagonisms %\ld be
 left  beh9d1 & also to enc\rage ! ris+ 
indu/ries ( ! entire ,s\?4  ,! g5]al    
gov]nm5t did well :5 x ext5d$ mo/ g5]\s 
f9ancial  aid to ! ent]prise4 ,& %\ld   
fur!r ne$ ( su* assi/ance be  develop$1 
x is to be hop$ t en\gh w be suppli$ to 
make !  ,exposition a complete success4 
,! =mal op5+ took place on ,decemb] #af1
 #ahhd1 by ! ,presid5t (  ! ,unit$      
,/ates4 ,true1 he 0 n pres5t1 & yet !   
t\* ( 8  f+]s set 9 motion ! eng9e t    
drives a ?\s& :irl+ ge>s  & pulleys4    
,fifty ye>s ago x w\ld h tak5 ,presid5t 
,jackson a  mon? to travel f ,wa%+ton to
 ,new ,orleans1 b n[1 quick] ?an  !     
revolv+ planet turns ^u its axis1 !     
,presid5t1 /&+ 9 8  (fice 9 ,wa%+ton1   
executes 8 w 9 a city a ?\s& miles away4

  ,?is _w us$ to be tw5ty-f\r ?\s& miles
 9 circumf]5ce1 & x  took six mon?s to  
make a voyage ar\nd x4 ,n[ x has become 
s small  !re are no di/ant l&s2 we are  
all neighbors1 & cr[d$ at t1  & ?\ght1  
:i* is a "p ( man & ! be/ "p1 travels   
r\nd !  _w 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye4 ,x is a 
great ?+ to live on s small  a _w 9 su* 
an age z ?is4 ,n[h]e d su* ?\ghts m     
=cibly  impress !mselves ^u ! obs]v] ?an
 9 a ,_w's ,exposition1 =  "h1 side by  
side 9 fri5dly rivalry1 are ! p &       
productions  ( almo/ all ! nations ( !  
e>?4 ,! ,*9aman is "h ) 8  hide\s gods &
 all sorts ( que] ?+s1 f ivory *op/icks 
to !  mo/ elaborate porcela9s4 ,! m5 (  
,japan are f\nd :]ev] !re is  an hone/  
doll> to be made4 ,!y br+ ?+s to %[ & to
 sell4 ,)  _! ?9 lips & %>p po9t$ noses1
 & ke51 bright eyes1 !y  rem9d "o ( !   
%rewde/ types ( ,yankee p$dl]s4 ,nobody 
expects to  get ! bett] ( "o ( ^!       
,yankees f ! l& ( ! ris+ sun4  ,_!      
+5uity is surpris+1 & _! p[]s (         
imitation are ne>ly  equal to ^? ( !    

,*9ese4 ,) ! inspiration :i* comes )    
,*ri/ianity1 x is safe to pr$ict t a    
future ( great promise is  ! portion (  
?is nation4 ,! ubiquit\s ,turk is "h ) !
 same  articles1 or _! duplicates1 t he 
has _h 9 e exposition1 &  :i* he is     
gradually introduc+ into /ate fairs4 ,^!
 in/itutions  ( ! pres5t age mu/ greatly
 /imulate ! small indu/ries ( !  ,turki%
 ,empire1 ?\gh "s p h ?\ght ! ,turks at 
,philadelphia  71 = ! mo/ "p1 born 9    
,irel&1 & ^! ( ,new ,orleans are        
suppos$ to be native ,creoles1 b /ill !y
 sell olive wood pap]  weights1 pap]    
cutt]s1 "w boxes & tr9kets ( v>i\s      
sorts1 said  olive wood hav+ !          
reputation ( com+ f ,j]usalem1 &1 to    
support ! reputation1 be+ inscrib$ )    
div]s ,hebrew lett]s :i*  ! sell]s are  
unable to deciph]4 ,( c\rse ! ,european 
nations are  repres5t$1 b n to s great  
an ext5t z at ,philadelphia1 & n  s     
fully z w be ! case a mon? lat]4 ,!     
=eign c\ntries be/  repres5t$ are our   
next door neighbors4 ,"h is ,jamaica1   

true to its  pa/ & pres5t1 ) an         
exhibition ( all sorts ( rum1 f ?irty   
ye>s old & less1 9 bottles & b>rels (   
all %apes4 ,x is put  up ) a nicety &   
ev5 elegance :i* w\ld be wor?y ( some?+ 
bett]4 ,!n %e s5ds sug> & molasses1 dye 
woods1 c(fee1 cocoa1  & sk9s dress$ &   
undress$1 ) samples ( v>i$ workman%ip  9
 sev]al dep>tm5ts4 ,mexico s5ds !       
milit>y b& ( ! ,eigh?  ,regim5t (       
cavalry1 m ?an fifty pieces1 & x does   
cr$it to t  ,republic4 ,!re is an air ( 
,spa9 ab\t all ! productions ( ,mexico1 
:e!r x be ! crude ore f h] m9es ( gold &
 silv]1 or !  ri*ly cap>ison$ saddles1  
:i* 9 beauty & com=t are unsurpass$4    
,honduras1 bo? ,spani% & ,briti%1       
,guatemala1 & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 add      
l>gely to ! ext5t & attractiv5ess ( !   
display4 ,no "o c  c>efully /udy !      
exhibits ( ^! f\r la/ nam$ c\ntries )\t 
be+ pr(\ndly impress$ ) ! idea t !y mu/ 
possess a weal?  ( undevelop$ res\rces  
:i* w1 9 ! ne> future1 attract !        
att5tion ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,x is manife/ 

t !y h a soil (  exub]ant f]tility1 & a 
climate t is free f ! cold rigors (  !  
nor? & ev5 f all dang]s ( fro/1 & t all 
circum/ances  (f] ! promise ( ! maximum 
( results = ! m9imum ( toil &  capital4 
,x seems z if a good _m ( ! physical    
conditions ( !  ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 7 /ill     
reta9$ by ^! favor$ c\ntries4    ,ne>ly1
 if n q all ! /ates ( our ,union are    
repres5t$1 ?\gh  x is to be regrett$ t  
"s ( !m1 especially ,massa*usetts &     
,p5nsylvania1 are des]v+ ( sev]e        
criticism = ! v meag]  displays :i* !y  
(f]4 ,! p ( ,massa*usetts w h  m cause =
 %ame ?an pride :5 !y visit ! spot :]e  
_!  activities & a*ievem5ts %\ld be     
fairly & fully set =?4 ,!re  is no      
excuse = su* a failure4 ,ev5 little     
,rhode ,isl& does bett]  ?an h] pr\d    
neighbor4 ,x is a ,rhode ,isl&          
,h>ris-,corliss eng9e  t drives !       
ma*9]y1 & ! same ,/ate s5ds "o ( ! gr&e/
  locomotives t ev] ran on rails4       
,connecticut1 ! l& ( notions &  wood5   
nutmegs1 makes a f9e %[ ( h] ?read      

manufactures4 ,! :ole  process1 f prep>+
 ! raw cotton to sell+ ! ?read 9 spools1
  is display$ be=e ! eyes ( ! admir+    
spectators4 ,n a few ( !  ,s\!rn p are  
l$ to ask1 z !y see ! ?read mak+ &1     
close  beside x1 ! weav+ ( cotton clo?1 
:y %\ld we s5d ! cotton  we raise to !  
,nor?1 especially to ! mo/ di/ant ea/]n 
corn] (  ! ,nor?1 & aft] ! p !re h made 
x into ?read & clo?  br+ ! same cotton  
back aga98 ,:y pay !m = transport+ x bo?
  ways & also = manufactur+ x8 ,x is    
well = !m t !y are  ask+ su* que/ions4  
,:5 p beg9 to inquire x is a sure sign  
t !y are gett+ ready to act4 ,soon we   
may expect to f9d !m  mak+ _! own clo? &
 ?read :]e ! cotton is gr[n4    ,! great
 ,we/ is "h 9 full =ce1 ! /ates we/ ( ! 
,mississippi  be+ especially prom95t4 ,x
 is n long s9ce ,kansas & ,nebraska 7   
bo? includ$ )9 ! limits ( 8,! ,great    
,am]ican ,des]t10 on ^:  s&y soil x 0   
said n ev5 grass c\ld gr[4 ,b n[ f ^?   
same  arid pla9s come ! be/ ( corn &    
:eat1 & all ! o!r c]eals1  ) fruits &   

vegetables t are truly surpris+4 ,su*   
potatoes z  ,oregon & ,colorado s5d ne$ 
at lea/ su* hills z ^? 9 :i*  ea/]n     
f>m]s raise simil> crops4 ,?9k (        
potatoes t5 in*es long1  six in*es wide1
 & f\r ?ick4 ,b "t & space w\ld alike   
fail to  specify ! abundance & v>iety ( 
! horticultural & pomological  products 
( ! ,we/1 ?is includ+ all we/ ( !       
,allegh5ies1 &  especially we/ ( ! ,fa!r
 ( ,wat]s4    ,"o ( ! mo/ important     
s\rces ( national prosp]ity1 gr[?1 &    
ri*es is to be f\nd 9 our m9]al         
deposits4 ,"h we see ri* specim5s  (    
almo/ e kn[n m9]al1 & all f\nd )9 our   
own bord]s4  ,)9 ! li/ are t91 z9c1     
copp]1 silv]1 gold1 iron & coal1 )      
unnumb]$ o!rs2 b ^! m5tion$ are !       
pr9cipal1 & ^! are  ! factors :i* ent]  
l>gely into all problems ( mod]n        
progress  & civilization2 !y add to !   
ri*es1 if n ! weal? ( any  p2 & wisely  
us$1 !y w add to ! weal? z well z ri*es4
  ,! c5tral & ea/]n portions ( ! ,union 
ab\nd 9 coal & iron2  ^! give /r5g? &   

/ability to ! ent]prise & indu/ry ( a   
p4 ,! ,rocky ,m\nta9 range1 9 all its   
l5g?1 f its outly+  spur rea*+ ?r\gh    
,alaska to ,behr+s ,/rait on ! nor?1 to 
!  ,mexican bord] on ! s\?1 is full (   
gold & silv]4 ,^! deposits  excite !    
ambition & /imulate ! en]gies ( ! p2 & x
 is  sure t ! fact j /at$ w help !      
,am]ican p to f9d a  solution to !      
disgu/+ problem pres5t$ by ,mormons4 ,! 
he>t ( !  ,rocky ,m\nta9s w n always be 
dom9at$ by ! mo/ virul5t enemies  ( all 
t is truly ,am]ican & ,*ri/ian4 ,! =e/s1
 ) !  endless v>iety ( woods !y produce1
 nev] made a bett] %[+ ?an  at ?is      
,exposition4 ,f ,ma9e to ,cali=nia1 & f 
,florida to ,dakota1  v>i\s woods ga!r$ 
f ! pla9s1 ! m\nta9s & ! swamps %[  !   
abundant supply ) :i* ! c\ntry is       
provid$4 ,! specim5s are  prep>$ s t !  
trunk ( ! tree1 ) ! b>k cov]+ x1 !  wood
 %[+ ! gra9 poli%$1 & v>ni%$ & unv>ni%$1
 c all  be se5 at a glance4    ,to mo/ p
 ( middle age or beyond1 ! collection ( 
ma*9]y is  peculi>ly int]e/+4 ,"y p h no

 p]sonal k ( !  extraord9>y progress (  
inv5tion )9 ! la/ tw5ty-five or ?irty   
ye>s4 ,?irty ye>s ago & m5 & wom5 7     
reap+ ! rip5$ gra9  j z ! ,greeks &     
,romans did #gjj ,b4 ,c41 & j z !       
s]vants (  ,boaz did on ! pla9s (       
,be?lehem #aajj ,b4 ,c41 &1 9 fact1 j z 
,noah & 8 family did :5 !y rais$ ! fir/ 
crop aft] !y left  ! ark4 ,b !re has be5
 a revolution 9 ! implem5ts ( husb&ry4  
,a crook$ /ick is no long] us$ z a pl[1 
b 9 ! place ( !  /ick are pl[s ( all    
%apes & sizes1 gold m\nt$ & nickel      
plat$1  z ornam5tal z a p>lor piano4 ,! 
rude hoe is sup]s$$ by all  sorts (     
cultivators4 ,plant+ is done by ma*9]y1 
elaborate1 exact1  sci5tific & elegant4 
,! great ,daniel ,web/] :5 ask$ z to !  
be/ way to hang a scy! repli$ ! be/ way 
he _h ev] f\nd 7&  he 0 br\ght up on a  
f>m7 0 to hang x ov] ! limb ( a tree4   
,if  he c\ld see ^! m[]s & ! _m o!r     
ma*9es to make hay1 he  w\ld conclude t 
he _h rea*$ ! mill5nium z f> z hay mak+ 
is conc]n$4 ,s1 too1 ! sickle has giv5  

way to ! ma*9]y drawn  by a span (      
horses1 t c almo/ d ! "w requir$ on a   
trot4  ,! ma*9e reaps1 ga!rs up & b9ds !
 bundles4 ,n long ago all  ?re%+ 0 done 
by ty+ two /raight /icks toge!r ) a /r+1
  ! be/ /r+ 0 an eelsk9 dri$ & tann$1 & 
!n ! f>m]1 9  du/ & solitude1 w\ld p\nd 
away at ! /raw laid out ^u ! b>n  floor2
 b "h is a ma*9e t w ?re% & w9n[ :eat z 
fa/  z six m5 c toss 9 ! bundles to !   
man :o fe$s1 & x w  take z _m m to      
remove & /ack ! /raw4 ,& s x is ) !     
:ole bus9ess ( f>m+4 ,:at is true ( !   
processes is equally true  ( almo/ e o!r
 manual indu/ry4 ,x is a revelation (   
wond]s to  walk ab\t amid ^! exhibits ( 
ma*9]y1 & rememb] t to all  int5ts &    
purposes ! results we behold are !      
a*ievem5ts ( !  la/ fifty1 & 9 mo/ cases
 ( ! la/ ?irty ye>s4 ,& x is equally    
rem>kable t mo/ ( ^! inv5tions are !    
(fspr+ ( ,am]ican  ?\ght4    ,x is mo/  
natural = e ?\ghtful p]son to ask1 h[ is
 ?is &  :y8 ,! ready & sup]ficial answ] 
is t 8,necessity is ! "m  ( inv5tion10 &

 t ! ,am]ican p1 by ! conditions ( life 
surr\nd+ !m1 h be5 compell$ to inv5t4 ,b
 surely su* an  answ] c n be consid]$   
satisfactory4 ,!re are two ev5ts 9 mod]n
  times t no philosoph]1 physici/1      
e?nologi/ or !ologian has up to  ?is "t 
fully measur$1 & mu* less has be5 able  
to e/imate _!  relation to ! future (   
humanity4 ,! fir/ ( ^! ev5ts is ! va/   
migration ( ! peoples ( ! ,old ,_w to ! 
,new1 by :i*1 )9  ! la/ sixty ye>s      
#ab1jjj1jjj ( human be+s1 mo/ ( !m "y m5
  & wom51 h left ,europe to make _!     
homes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,god only kn[s
 ! importance & significance ( ?is      
movem5t4 ,!  second m>vel\s ev5t ( ^!   
days 9 :i* we live is ! sweep &  triumph
 ( inv5tion4 ,x is wor? consid]+ t !    
/eam p[] ( !  ,unit$ ,/ates repres5ts m 
?an ! entire muscul> =ce ( all !        
able-bodi$ m5 9 ! _w4 ,& ! improvem5ts 9
 ma*9]y repres5t  immeasurable conque/s 
( m9d 9 ! realm ( matt]4 ,x does n take 
omnisci5ce to appreh5d1 to "s ext5t1 !  
fact t ^! ?+s mu/  affect ! de/9y ( !   

:ole family ( mank9d4 ,) su* ?\ghts z   
^! 9 m9d "o walks amid ^! m9ute or      
pond]\s contrivances =  ! application ( 
p[]1 ) some?+ ( ! rev]5ce & wond] felt  
by ,moses :5 he /ood 9 ! pres5ce ( ! bu%
 t burn$ b 0  n consum$4 ,x is evid5t t 
,god1 ! ,et]nal ,rul] ( all ?+s1 is  9 !
 mid/ ( ^! 8fly+ :eels40    ,"o ( ! mo/ 
int]e/+ exhibits is t made ( ! live     
/ock4 ,!  spirit$1 clean-limb$ trott+   
/ock ( ,k5tucky is "h4 ,! little  ,%etl&
 ponies are side by side ) ! va/        
,normans4 ,"s ( ! full  gr[n ponies are 
s small t a /rong man c\ld easily toss  
"o ( !m  to 8 %\ld]s1 b a ,norman t     
weighs m ?an #b1jjj p\nds is  altoge!r a
 diff]5t creature4 ,! ,clydesdales may  
be good = draft  horses1 b _! enorm\s   
fetlocks s disfigure _! feet & legs z   
to make !m appe> homely & unc\?4 ,!     
,normans & ,p]*]ons d  n h ?is          
disfigurem5t4 ,!y are magnific5t 9 size1
 "s ( !m  black & glossy z an?racite    
coal1 o!rs are deep bay1 almo/ a ri*    
mahogany color1 o!rs are dapple gray1 f 

v d>k to v light1 &  two ( !m are z :ite
 z milk4 ,to any "o :o loves horses ?is 
%[  is wor? ! travel ( a ?\s& miles4 ,x 
w\ld make ! he>t ( ,rosa  ,bonheur glad 
to walk ?r\gh ! /ables2 & if ! f9e/ ( ! 
horses  c\ld be gr\p$ toge!r "u h]      
arti/ic eye %e w\ld h all %e  c\ld wi% =
 "o ( h] fam\s pictures4 ,^!1 or su* z  
^!1 ,job  _h 9 m9d :5 he wrote3 8,?\ ha/
 giv5 ! horse /r5g?1 ?\ ha/  clo!d 8    
neck ) ?und]4 ,he mocke? at fe> & is n  
affright$1  he rejoice? 9 8 /r5g?40     
,no?+ less1 9 e praisewor?y po9t1 is !  
exhibit ( horn$  cattle4 ,%ort ,horns1  
,h]e=ds1 ,devons1 ,j]seys1 ,hol/e9s1    
,gall[ays1  vie ) ea* o!r 9 size &      
beauty4 ,"o ox weighs #b1iij p\nds1 &   
_m ( !m exce$ #b1jjj p\nds4 ,!y are     
?or\ghbr$s1 or c>efully  cross$1 & x is 
d\btful if f9] specim5s c\ld be obta9$1 
ev5  9 ! orig9al habitats ( ! respective
 bre$s4 ,b ,i ne$ n write  ( jacks &    
j5nies1 ( mules1 & %eep1 & hogs1 !y are 
all "h1  aft] _! k9d1 & wor?y (         
admiration = ! p]fection !y  display z !

 result ( pa9/ak+ skill4    ,!          
educational int]e/s are v>i\sly         
repres5t$1 & _m ( !  cities &           
educational societies1 & ev5 private or 
d5om9ational  s*ools f9d space to %[ !  
me?ods & results ( ea*4 ,!  ,fre$man's  
,aid ,society ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal   
,*ur* makes a  cr$itable display4 ,!    
same is true ( ! ,am]ican ,mission>y    
,society1  & ( sev]al ,roman ,ca?olic   
in/itutions4 ,! facts1 h[ev]1 seem to   
%[ t comp>atively little progress has   
be5 made 9 ! sci5ce  ( education 9 ! la/
 tw5ty ye>s4 ,:e!r we h rea*$ !         
ultimatum1 s f> z me?ods are conc]n$1 is
 ! "q4 ,! *ild  is yet to be born :o    
kn[s 8 lett]s )\t be+ taught !m4  ,!    
capital ( ea*1 at />t1 is no?+1 & only  
"o ?+ c be  le>n$ at a "t1 & ! human    
bra9 is only capable ( a c]ta9  am\nt ( 
"w4 ,^! are "s ( ! limitations a good _m
 educators  are incl9$ to ov]look1 & yet
 !y w cont9ue to confront all  practical
 p z long z ! _w /&s4 ,w\ld x n be well1
 at  ab\t ?is "t1 = vision>y p1 ) all   

sorts ( educational  vag>ies1 to halt = 
a little :ile & inquire if a ?or\gh1    
pla91  fundam5tal education is n !      
desid]atum = ! great majority (  ! y\? (
 e l&4 ,a good "p ( mod]n education     
p>takes (  ! frivol\s "* ( ! times4     
,sub/antial1 hone/1 common-s5se         
education is va/ly bett] ?an ! illusions
 & flippancies (  s5tim5tal !ori/s4     
,speak+ ( ! ,fre$man's ,aid ,society z  
above1 rem9ds "o t !  color$ p are      
admitt$ to p>ticipate 9 ! ,exposition4  
,well1 !  _w moves4 ,we are n :]e we 7  
tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,we are  com+ up   
out ( ! wild]ness4 ,%all we come 8full z
 ! moon1 cle>  z ! sun1 & t]rible z an  
army ) bann]s80 ,yes1 if we come 9      
,god's ord]4 ,no1 if we d n4 ,x always  
pays to d "r4 ,x nev]  pays to d wrong4 
,no curse ev] comes causeless4 ,x is    
sometimes wor?  rememb]+ t ! #g1jjj1jjj 
color$ p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates own  on an   
av]age prop]ty to ! am\nt ( #ad1 & x is 
n long s9ce  !y />t$ ) no?+4 ,!y w s5d  
"s mission>ies to ,africa1  b mo/ ( !m w

 live & die ) u1 & :]e we are buri$ !re 
w !y be buri$4 ,x is "t we recogniz$ !  
fact t our ,god is  _! ,god4 ,let u all 
rejoice t !y h a place 9 ! ,_w's        
,exposition 9 ,new ,orleans4 ,we ne$ !m1
 !y ne$ u4 ,:y n recognize  our         
bro!rhood ) !m1 & !n toge!r consecrate  
ourselves to !  glori\s task ( mak+ ?is 
l& ! fir/ & =emo/ ( all ! _w  9 !       
possession & exemplification ( all      
,*ri/ian1 & manly1 &  patriotic graces8 
,& :y n jo9 all =ces1 ,nor?1 ,s\?1 ,ea/ 
&  ,we/ 9 "o sublime & div9ely l$ ef=t  
to c>ry ! untold bless+s  ( education1  
morality1 fre$om1 & ,*ri/ianity to all  
peoples :o  /ill sit amid ! %ad[s (     
tyranny1 sup]/ition1 pov]ty &           
ignorance8 ,?is ,_w's ,exposition w rea*
 its highe/ & gr&e/  legitimate         
possibilities j 9 proportion z x %all   
help =w>d  ^! desires ( all good m5 & ^!
 plans & purposes ( ! ,_w's  ,r$eem]4   
,,geography ,,( ,,! ,,heav5s ,,= ,,m>*4 
,,by ,,pr(4 ,m4 ,b4 ,,g(f1    ,we/]n    
,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4              

,,eclipses4    ,9 ! e>ly ages ( ! _w    
eclipses 7 reg>d$ z al>m+  deviations f 
! e/abli%$ laws ( nature1 presag+ great 
calamities1 z fam9es1 pe/il5ces &       
e>?quakes2 & among hea!n  & sup]/iti\s  
peoples1 z evid5ce ( ! displeasure ( !  
,deity1  or deities4 ,h]odotus tells (  
an eclipse ( ! sun occurr+ 9 #ehe ,b4   
,c41 :i* put an end to a battle betwe5 !
 ,m$es & ,lydians1 :o 7  s t]rifi$ by ! 
day turn+ sudd5ly into night1 t !       
cont5d+  armies ceas$ fight+ & conclud$ 
a peace :i* 0 cem5t$ by a  tw(old       
m>riage4 ,ano!r total eclipse ( ! sun   
occurr$ on ,m>* #a1  #eeg ,b4 ,c41 :i* s
 t]rifi$ ! def5d]s ( ! ,m$ian city      
,l>issa1  t !y )drew f its walls1 ?us   
p]mitt+ x to fall into !  h&s ( its     
besieg]s1 ! ,p]sians4    ,among !       
,h9doos1 x is imag9$ t ! moon1 z x cov]s
 f sight  ! face ( ! sun1 is a huge     
dragon :i* dev\rs our lum9>y1 & c  only 
be compell$ to disgorge & !n driv5 away 
8by ! beat+ (  gongs & r5d+ ! air )     
discordant screams ( t]ror & %\ts (     

v5geance40    ,an eclipse ( ! moon1 ,m>*
 #a1 #aejd1 0 employ$ by ,columbus to   
obta9  provisions = himself & 8 />v+    
companions4 ,hav+ be5 wreck$  on ! coa/ 
( ,jamaica1 ! natives refus$ him        
supplies4 ,kn[+ t  an eclipse ( ! moon 0
 ab\t to take place1 he in=m$ !m t !    
,great ,_s 0 displeas$ ) !m on acc\nt ( 
_! ill-treatm5t  ( ! ,spani>ds1 & w\ld  
manife/ 8 displeasure by %utt+ out !    
light ( ! moon4 ,:5 ! eclipse occurr$1 !
 ,indians1 t]rifi$ by  ! sight1 ha/5$ to
 him ) abundant supplies1 besee*+ him to
  int]c$e ) ! ,great ,_s 9 _! behalf4   
,at ! pres5t day we look ^u ^! wond]ful 
ev5ts z ! results (  natural causes1 ^: 
op]ations h long s9ce be5 expla9$4 ,we h
  le>n$ t an eclipse ( ! sun is m]ely ! 
moon com+ betwe5 !  e>? & ! sun1 ?us    
%utt+ (f f ! =m] all or a portion  ( !  
light ( ! latt]2 t ?is ev5t may occur z 
(t5 z five  times1 & nev] less ?an twice
 9 "o ye>2 t x c only occur at  "t ( new
 moon2 t x occurs only 9 limit$ portions
 ( ! e>?  at any "o "t1 & h5ce1 t al?\gh

 happ5+ s (t51 = any  giv5 place x is a 
comp>atively r>e ev5t--especially ! la/ 
two (  ! ?ree k9ds1 p>tial1 annul>1 &   
total2 & t ! portion  ( ! e>? affect$ by
 a total eclipse does n exce$ #agj miles
 9  diamet]2 or1 9 o!r words1 ! wid? ( !
 moon's %ad[1 :5 x  falls p]p5dicul>ly  
on ! e>?'s surface1 is n m ?an #agj     
miles4  ,we h le>n$1 also1 t an eclipse 
( ! moon is occasion$ by !  e>? com+    
betwe5 ! moon & ! sun2 t ?is ev5t c n   
occur  m ?an twice 9 any "o ye>1 & may n
 occur ev5 once2 t x  happ5s always at  
full moon2 t x c be se5 9 all p>ts ( !  
e>? :]e ! moon is above ! horizon at !  
"t ( ! occurr5ce2  & = ?is reason1      
al?\gh x only happ5s 9 ! ratio ( #bi to 
#da z  comp>$ ) eclipses ( ! sun1 yet   
!re are m lun> ?an sol>  eclipses       
visible 9 any giv5 place4    ,dur+ !    
pres5t mon? we %all h two eclipses1 "o (
 ! sun &  "o ( ! moon4      ,,! ,,sun   
,w be eclips$ on ! #af?1 fir/ contact   
tak+ place 9 longitude  #acf #di4c we/ &
 latitude #ac #be4c nor?1 at #h3bf p4   

m41 ,wa%+ton  mean "t2 & ! la/ contact 9
 longitude #cb #eh4c we/ & latitude  #di
 #j4h nor?1 at #a3bb a4 m4 on ! #ag?4 ,!
 c5tral eclipse w  beg9 9 longitude #aef
 #ci4e we/ & latitude #ce #ed4e nor? at 
#i3dh  p4 m41 & end 9 longitude #ae #d4f
 we/1 latitude #ga #bd4a nor?1 at       
#ab3jj1 midnight4 ,! pa? ( ! c5tral     
eclipse 9 ,nor? ,am]ica w  be ab\t #ce  
miles wide1 & w take a nor!a/]ly c\rse f
 a  po9t ne> ,cape ,m5doc9o on ! we/]n  
coa/ ( ,cali=nia1 & w  embrace          
,weav]ville1 ,cal41 ,idaho & ,boise     
cities 9 ,idaho2 ,bannock ,city  &      
,gallat91 ,montana2 cross ! b\nd>y l9e  
betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates  & ! ,briti%     
,possessions 9 longitude ab\t #aje we/2 
pass ?r\gh  ! c5tral "p ( ,hudson's     
,bay2 cross ,hudson ,/rait1 ,davis's    
,/rait1  & ,gre5l&1 end+ z above 9      
longitude #ae #d4f we/1 latitude  #ga   
#bd4a nor?4 ,z ?is is an annul> eclipse1
 ! %ad[ ( ! moon  be+ too %ort to rea* !
 e>?1 p>ties locat$ 9 ! pa? nam$  w see 
! edge ( ! sun l a bright r+ ar\nd ! d>k

 %ad[  ( ! moon4 ,p]sons outside ( ?is  
pa? w see ! sun m or less  eclips$1     
dep5d5t on _! position4 ,! beg9n+ & end 
( !  eclipse at a numb] ( places 9 !    
,unit$ ,/ates is giv5 bel[1 9  ! local  
"t ( ! cities m5tion$3 ,bangor1 ,me41   
beg9s at #ab3dh p4  m41 ends at #c3bc p4
 m42 ,concord1 ,n4 ,h41 beg9s at #ab3cb 
& ends at #c3jg  p4 m42 at ,montpeli]1  
,vt41 la/s f #ab3bf to #c3jc p4 m42     
,bo/on1 ,mass41  f #ab3cf to #c3ji p4   
m42 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i41 f #ab3cc to    
#c3je p4 m42  ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 f #ab3be  
to #b3eh p4 m42 ,new ,york1 #ab3ag to   
#b3ej p4  m42 ,tr5ton1 ,n4 ,j41 #ab3ac  
to #b3de2 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa41 #aa3ch a4  
m4 to #b3ah  p4 m42 ,wilm+ton1 ,del41 f 
#ab3jg to #b3dj p4 m42 ,*>le/on1 ,s4    
,c41  f #aa3cg a4 m4 to #b3jd p4 m42    
,columbus1 ,ohio1 #aa3bj a4 m4 to #b3ja 
p4  m42 ,detroit1 ,mi*41 #aa3ba a4 m4 to
 #b3jd p4 m42 ,indianapolis1 ,ind41     
#aa3jb  a4 m4 to #a3de p4 m42 ,*icago1  
,ill41 #aj3ee a4 m4 to #a3dj p4 m42     
,jeff]son  ,city1 ,mo41 #aj3bd a4 m4 to 

#a3ji p4 m42 ,lawr5ce1 ,kan41 #aj3jg a4 
m4 to  #ab3eb p4 m42 ,omaha1 ,neb41     
#aj3jd a4 m4 to #ab3ea p4 m42 ,/4 ,paul1
 ,m9n41  #aj3bf a4 m4 to #a3ac p4 m42   
,des ,mo9es1 ,ia41 #aj3ah a4 m4 to #a3jd
 p4 m42  ,janesville1 ,wis41 #aj3dg a4  
m4 to #a3cc p4 m42 ,santa ,f1 ,new      
,mex41 #h3ei to  #aa3di a4 m42 ,:eel+1  
,w4 ,va41 #aa3cb a4 m4 to #b3ac p4 m42  
,wa%+ton1 ,d4  ,c41 #aa3eh a4 m4 to     
#b3ca p4 m42 ,l\isville1 ,ky41 #aa3jc a4
 m4 to #a3dd p4  m42 ,d5v]1 ,col41 #i3aj
 a4 m4 to #ab3ja p4 m42 ,bism>ck1       
,dakota1 #i3dd a4  m4 to #ab3cc p4 m42  
,new ,orleans1 ,la41 #aj3bh a4 m4 to    
#a3jh p4 m4 ,our usual  notes = ! sun   
are z foll[s3 ,rises on ! #a/ at #f3cc2 
on ! #af?1  at #f3ji2 & on ! #cj?1 at   
#e3de a4 m42 & sets on ! correspond+    
days at #e3ea1 #f3aj & #f3bb p4 m4      
respectively4 ,spr+ beg9s on ! #bj?  at 
#e3ba a4 m42 nor?w>d movem5t1 #ab #f4   
,,! ,,moon    ,w be p>tially eclips$ on 
! #cj?1 ent]+ ! e>?'s %ad[ at  #i3ej a4 
m4 & leav+ x at #a3jb p4 m4 ,magnitude (

 ! eclipse1 4#hhf4  ,z ! moon does n    
rise ) u on ?is date till betwe5 #f3jj &
 #g3jj  p4 m4 x is evid5t t ! eclipse w 
n be visible 9 ! ,unit$  ,/ates4 ,x w be
 visible1 h[ev]1 9 ! we/]n ,pacific     
,ocean1 ,asia1  & ! ea/]n portions (    
,europe & ,africa4 ,on ! #a/1 moon rises
 at  #f3db p4 m42 on ! #ae?1 at #e3bi a4
 m42 & on ! #ca/1 at #g3ci p4 m4 ,x     
pres5ts ! foll[+ phases3 ,la/ qu>t]1    
#h?1 #a3df p4 m42 new moon1  #af?1      
#ab3bh p4 m42 fir/ qu>t]1 #bc;d1 #ab3ae 
p4 m42 full moon1 #cj?1  #aa3cb a4 m4   
,f>!/ f e>?1 #i?1 #c3ab p4 m42 ne>e/    
e>?1 #bc;d1  #c3ed p4 m42 lea/          
elevation1 #i?1 #cj #ag #bc2 greate/    
elevation1 #bc;d1  #ff #da #af 79       
latitude #da #cj nor?74      ,,m]cury   
,has a direct motion ( #eb #ei #d2      
increase 9 diamet]1 "o second2 on  #g?1 
at #i3jj a4 m41 #a #c s\? ( ,m>s2 #ac?1 
at #a3jj p4 m41 9 sup]ior  conjunction )
 ! sun2 #af?1 at #h3jb p4 m41 #a #cg s\?
 ( ! moon2  #bh?1 at #d3jj a4 m41 ne>e/ 
! sun4 ,on ! #a/1 #af? & #cj?1 rises at 

#f3bc1 #f3bf & #f3bb a4 m4 respectively2
 & sets on same days at #d3ea1  #f3af & 
#g3db p4 m4 ,c be se5 ) nak$ eye on !   
la/ few ev5+s  ( ! mon?4      ,,v5us    
,cont9ues z morn+ /> ?r\gh\t ! mon?1 b  
makes little display1  bo? on acc\nt (  
h] di/ance f u & h] proximity to ! sun4 
,h]  diamet] dim9i%es f #aj4f to #aj1 & 
h] "t ( ris+ is z  foll[s3 ,on ! #a/1   
#f3jb a4 m42 on ! #af?1 #e3ea a4 m42 on 
! #cj?1  #e3cf a4 m42 on ! #f?1 at #f3jj
 a4 m41 %e is f>!/ f ! sun2 on  #ae?1 at
 #a3db p4 m41 #c #cb s\? ( moon2 #bg?1  
at #aj3jj p4 m41 #cf  s\? ( ,m>s4 ,h]   
motion is direct & equals #cg #bc #cj4  
,,m>s    ,rises on ! #a/ at #f3cb a4 m4 
& sets at #e3bd p4 m42 on ! #af?1 rises 
at #f3jj a4 m4 & sets at #e3bh p4 m42 on
 ! #cj?1 rises at #e3cc a4 m41  sets at 
#e3be p4 m4 ,motion direct & am\nts to  
#bb #be #ch2 diamet]1  #d4b2 on #g?1 at 
#i3jj a4 m41 #a #c nor? ( ,m]cury2 #af?1
 at #ab3ej a4  m41 #b #cd s\? ( moon2   
#bg?1 at #aj3jj p4 m41 #cf nor? ( ,v5us4
      ,,jupit]    ,less5s 8 diamet] two 

seconds1 & makes a retrograde motion (  
#b  #ef4 ,on #bg?1 at #i3eg a4 m41 is #d
 #dj nor? ( ! moon4 ,he rises on !  #a/ 
at #d3db p4 m4 & sets on ! #b;d at #f3jg
 a4 m42 rises on ! #af? at  #c3ce p4 m4 
& sets on ! #ag? at #e3ji a4 m42 rises  
on ! #cj? at #b3cd  p4 m4 & sets on !   
#ca/ at #d3aj a4 m4      ,,saturn1    ,z
 a telescopic object1 is /ill improv+1 &
 8 "t ( sett+  p]mits him to be view$ ) 
less ?an usual inconv5i5ce4 ,on ! #b;d  
he  sets at #a3dd a4 m42 on ! #ag? at   
#ab3di a4 m42 & on ! #cj? at #aa3ee  p4 
m41 af=d+ ?us all ! ev5+ = obs]vations4 
,on ! #g?1 at  #c3jj p4 m41 he is 89    
qu>tile10 or #ij ea/ ( ! sun2 on #bb;d1 
at #aj3bh  a4 m41 #c #ef nor? ( ! moon4 
,,uranus    ,retrogrades #a #ab #bc2 8  
diamet] rema9s at #c4h2 on #b;d1 at     
#aa3ei  a4 m41 he is #a #f nor? ( moon2 
#ba/1 at #c3jj a4 m41 9 opposition to  !
 sun 7on ! o!r side ( ! sun f ! e>?72   
#bi?1 at #g3je p4  m41 #a #ac nor? (    
moon2 sets on ! #a/ at #g3ca a4 m42 on !
 #af?1 at  #f3cj a4 m42 on ! #ca/1 at   

#e3cj a4 m4 ,morn+ /> till ! #ba/2 aft] 
t ev5+ />4      ,,neptune1    ,) 8      
diamet] ( #b4f moves "s #dd #df ( arc 9 
8 orbit1  :i* is n s sl[ aft] all :5 we 
consid] t 8 av]age  absolute motion is  
#c4cf miles p] second1 & t 8 aggregate =
  ! #ca days ( ?is mon? is a little less
 ?an n9e million miles4 ,8  "r asc5sion 
on ! #a/ is #c h\rs1 #ae m9utes1 #ah    
seconds1 & 8  decl9ation #af #ag #eg    
nor?4 ,he sets on ! #a/ at #aa3cc p4 m42
 on !  #af? at #aj3bi p4 m42 & on ! #cj?
 at #i3dc p4 m4--an ev5+ />4            
,,h[ ,,to ,,w94    ,,by ,,frances ,e4   
,,will>d1    ,presid5t ,national ,w4 ,c4
 ,t4 ,u4      ,,*apt] ,i4    ,long ago1 
& long ago x 01 9 ! days :5 ,i us$      
pr\dly to write  8,s*ool ,tea*]0 aft] my
 "n1 ,i b\ght a c]ta9 book = ! express  
purpose ( read+ x to 8! girls ,i've left
 beh9d me40 ,! book is "o  belov$ by    
tra9 boys1 ( :i* !y & o!r v5d]s h sold s
 _m  t ! late/ 8dodg]s0 read1 8,tw5tie? 
?\s& n[ 9 press40 ,x is  s5sible 9      
matt]1 attractive 9 /yle1 & goes by !   

entic+ "n (  8,gett+ on 9 ! ,_w40       
,naturally en\gh x 0 writt5 9 ,*icago1  
& l mo/ 8,g>d5 ,city0 notions1 is 8a    
success40 ,b ! tr\ble  ) ?is volume 0 t 
x didn't fill ! bill4 ,i want$ to read x
  to 8my girls10 to /ir up _! pure m9ds 
by way ( remembrance t  8life is real1  
life is e>ne/10 & ! re/ ( x4 ,b z ,i    
scann$  its bright & pleasant pages ,i  
f\nd out--:at d y ?9k ,i f\nd8 ,:y1  t )
 ! light ( a new disp5sation blaz+ 9 ^u 
him1 & !  soprano voices ( sev]al       
million 8sup]flu\s wom510 cry+1 8,h y   
no "w = me to d80 ?is honor$ au?or _h   
writt5 nev] a ^w  ab\t creation's g5tl] 
half6 ,8 book conta9$ #cfe pages1 b if y
  _h read a page ea* day1 all ! ye>     
r\nd1 y w\ldn't h f\nd out  at la/ t su*
 a be+ z a woman 0 try+ to 8get on0 9   
?is or  any o!r _w4 ,n a bread-w9n+     
weapon _h he put into ! h& (  ! ne$ie/  
among u1 nor _h he1 ev5 9 a /ray *apt]  
or 8app5dix10  tak5 u (f by ourselves & 
drawn u a diagram ( 8our sph]e40    ,i 0
 s pa9$ by ?is t ,i wrote ,pr(4 ,mat!ws 

7! gift$ au?or1  & my p]sonal fri5d71   
ask+ him :y he _h ?us c\nt$ out ! wom5  
folks 9 8 book ^u success 9 life4 ,i ev5
 v5tur$ to hypo!cate  8 reason1 say+ to 
him3        8,,de> ,,sir3--,i d n ?9k y 
did ?is ) malice a=e?\ght1      or f    
lack ( int]e/ 9 our fate1 b simply &    
only      because1 l s _m ( our excell5t
 bre?r51 y #8done =got      all ab\t u1'
 z ,topsey w\ld say40    ,:]eupon came a
 prompt & graci\s reply1 ) ! frank &    
manly  admission3        8,y guess$     
aright4 ,i simply =got to speak ( wom540
    ,n[1 y p]ceive1 x set me ?9k+--?is  
obliquity ( m5tal vision1  :i* _h l$ a  
writ] s tal5t$ & wise to squ9t ?us at ! 
human race1 see+ b half ( x4 ,i recall$ 
! fact t1 into mo/  families1 are born  
girls z well z boys2 nay1 z _m an       
ov]-burd5$  pat] familias c te/ify1 !y  
come n unfrequ5tly 9 l>gely  sup]ior1 if
 n exclusive numb]s4 ,hav+1 also1 at a  
remote p]iod (  my hi/ory1 belong$ to ! 
same helpless frat]nity1 ,i 0 haunt$ by 
! wi% t ,i might write a sequel to !    

,pr(essor's excell5t book1  talk+ !re9  
to girls & wom5 ab\t success 9 life4    
,p]haps my  "t has come2 p]haps1 9 !    
g5]\s pages ( ,,! ,,*autauquan1 ^:      
editor is s tol]ant ( ! 8/rong m9d$0    
si/]hood1 ,i h !  l>ge/ audi5ce t has   
yet cons5t$ to li/5 to my 8views40      
,anyh[1  ,i mean1 9 ^! newly acquir$    
pages to talk to girls ( 8,h[ to ,w90 9 
some?+ besides ! s5se treat$ ( 9 books (
 etiquette & fa%ion  magaz9es1 or       
sy/ematically taught 9 danc+ s*ools4    
,& n[1 my de>s1 if y are pati5t & my    
small assi/ant keeps me 9  lead p5cils1 
,i %all try to %[ t if e "y woman held 9
 h]  firm little h& h] own be/ gift1    
duly cultivat$ & made effective1        
society w\ld n explode1 ! moon w\ld n be
 d>k5$1 ! sun  w\ld /ill %$ light4      
,someh[1 de> girls1 :5 ,i see an audi5ce
 (  "y m51 !y rem9d me ( a platoon (    
soldi]s1 m>*+ ) fix$  bayonet1 to !     
capture ( _! de/9y4 ,an assembly ( "y   
wom51  on ! o!r h&1 recalls a flock (   
lambs ^u a pleasant hillside4  ,!y frisk

 ab\t & nibble at ! h]bage & lie d[n 9 !
 sun1  :ile above !m so>s ! dev\r+ eagle
 ( _! de/9y1 sweep+  9 conc5tric r+s    
?r\gh ! blue air1 & ready to p\nce d[n  
^u  !m1 :ile ! meek little innoc5ts turn
 _! :ite faces upw>d &  mildly wond]    
8:at t graceful creature is up yond]80  
,!y rem9d me1  too1 ( ! reply giv5 by a 
bright "y fri5d ( m9e to ! solemn       
exhortation t %e %\ld 8make ! mo/ (     
life40    8,humph60 %e exclaim$ ) a     
rueful grimace1 8,i h no *ance1 = life  
is busy mak+ ! mo/ ( me60    ,! tr\ble  
is1 we wom5 h all along be5 set d[n on !
 _w's  program = a "p s diff]5t f ! "o  
we really play ^u its  /age4 ,= in/ance1
 ! program reads3 8,woman w take ! "p ( 
,que5 9 ! ,drama ( ,society10 b (t5     
times1 be=e ! curta9  falls1 ! /age     
reveals h] z a dressmak]1 a s*ool tea*]1
 p]*ance  t mo/ abus$ ( mortals1 a      
re=m]6 ,! program reads3 8,?is augu/    
actress w be escort$ to ! /age by ,man1 
h] loyal & devot$  subject1 to :om has  
be5 assign$ ! "p ( %ield+ h] f !  gl>e (

 ! footlights1 & %oot+ anybody 9 !      
audi5ce :o d>es  to hiss40 ,b1 alas6    
(ttimes ! /age reveals h] com+ 9 alone1 
dragg+ h] own sew+ ma*9e1 :ile h] humble
 & devot$ subject1  ) tailor's goose 9  
"o h& & scissors 9 ! o!r1 indicates by  
en]getic pantomime 8 fix$ int5tion to   
drive h] spe$ily beh9d  ! sc5es4 ,!     
program1 my belov$ innoc5ts1 attires y  
all 9  purple & f9e l95 & bids y f>e    
sumptu\sly e day1 b n  infrequ5tly !    
/age reveals y attir$ 9 calico g[ns1 &  
mun*+  y\r h>d-e>n$ crack]s & *eese4 ,! 
_w's !ory furni%es  e "y lady t draws   
brea?1 ) a lov]1 loyal & true1 b  ! _w's
 practice %oots him on ! battlefield1 or
 poisons him )  alcohol & nicot9e until 
he c only 8rattle ar\nd0 ?r\gh life 9  !
 place ,god meant him to fill )9 home's 
sacr$ sanctu>y4 ,x is  j ?is discrepancy
 t ,i compla9 (1 & ! g5]\s age we live  
9 is compla9+ ( x ) a ?\s& tongues1 s t 
8! logic (  ev5ts0 t happ51 in/ead (    
ev5ts t ought to happ51 is impell+  t[>d
 nobl] =tunes t ph5om5al creature :om a 

,fr5* au?or has  call$ 8! poor woman ( !
 n9ete5? c5tury40    ,naturally en\gh1 9
 ?9k+ ov] ! 8case10 ,i contra/ y\r aims 
9  life ) :at 7 once my aims1 y\r       
outlook ^u life ) m9e4 ,!  o!r day--a   
ra9y "o1 y may be sure--,i br\ght f !   
va/y deep (  ! family g>ret "s ( my     
girli% j\rnals1 :i* ,i 0 curi\s to      
comp>e ) ! di>y ( a fri5d & =m] pupil at
 ,evan/on4 ,let me  give y a few p>allel
 passages because ( ! lesson !y tea*4   
,my  pupil 7ag$ sixte57 writes ?us3     
8,0 regi/]$ ?is day a memb] ( ! ,fre%man
 class 9 !      ,nor?we/]n ,univ]sity4  
,! presid5t advises me to take !        
classical c\rse1 & ,i've made up my m9d 
to try x40    ,f m9e at fifte5 ye>s ,i  
read3        8,caught a blue jay 9 my   
trap out 9 ! hazel ?icket4 ,i knew he   
wasn't 8game0 & let him g4 ,! s*ool h\se
 9 our di/rict is      f9i%$ at la/4 ,a 
graduate ( ,yale ,college1 & =m] tutor  
at      ,ob]l91 is to be our tea*]4 ,i  
%all att5d regul>ly1 visit+      my     
traps on ! way40    ,lat]3        8,si/]

 & ,i got up long be=e light to prep>e =
 ! fir/      day at s*ool4 ,we put all  
our books 9 "m's sat*el2 _h a      nice 
t9 pail full ( d9n]4 ,i /udy ari?metic1 
geography1      gramm>1 read+ & spell+1 
:i* takes up e m9ute ( my      "t4 ,/ood
 next to ,pat ,o',donahue 9 spell+1 &   
,pat /ood at      ! head40    ,f my     
pupil's di>y1 a few mon?s lat]1 take ?is
 extract3        8,i am ?9k+ s]i\sly    
ab\t my future4 ,p]haps ?is is          
premature1 = ,i am only 9 my fre%man    
ye>1 b ,i h j      ab\t decid$ t ,i'll  
/udy m$ic9e40    ,f m9e1 at a simil> age
 7y see precocity 0 n among my fail+s73 
8,si/] 0 sick1 & ,i br\ght out all my   
little bottles (      sug>1 salt & fl\r4
 ,besides ^! m$ic9es1 ,i dos$ h] )      
pim5toes & p\ltic$ h] ) cabbage leaves1 
b %e grew no      bett]1 q fa/1 s "m    
call$ ano!r doctor4 ,de> me1 if      ,i 
7 my bro!r1 in/ead ( be+ only a girl1   
we'd soon see      :e!r ,i've a tal5t = 
m$ic9e or n40    ,f my "y fri5d ,i quote
 aga93        8,i am greatly int]e/$ 9 !

 "q = debate 9 our      lit]>y society  
?is week1 especially z ,i am *ief       
disputant on      ! affirmative4 ,x     
reads z foll[s3 ,resolv$1 ,t ! votes    
( wom5 are ne$$ to help put d[n ! liquor
 traffic40    ,f m9e3        8,x is     
election day & my bro!r is tw5ty-"o ye>s
 old4 ,h[      pr\d he seem$ z he dress$
 up 9 8 be/ clo!s & drove      (f ) fa!r
 to vote = ,john ,c4 ,fremont1 l !      
s5sible      #8,free ,soil]' t he is6   
,my si/] & ,i /ood at ! front      w9d[ 
& look$ out aft] !m4 ,someh[ ,i felt a  
lump 9 my      ?roat1 & !n ,i c\ldn't   
see _! wagon any m1 ?+s      look$ s    
blurr$4 ,i turn$ to ,m>y1 & %e1 de>     
little      innoc5t1 seem$ wond]fully   
sob]1 too4 ,i said3 #8,w\ldn't y      l 
to vote z well z ,oliv]8 ,don't y & ,i  
love ! c\ntry      j z well z he1 &     
doesn't ! c\ntry ne$ our ballots8'      
,:]eupon %e look$ sc>$1 b answ]$1 #8,(  
c\rse we d1      b don't y g ahead & say
 s1 = !n we %\ld be call$      /rong    
m9d$4'0    ,f my pupil at sev5te5 ,i    

quote once m3        8,! rec5t articles 
by memb]s ( ! #8,wom5's ,congress1' "s  
p w\ld call radical1 b !y express       
precisely my op9ions      on ! dress "q4
 ,x is "t = me to assume ! g>b ( a      
"y lady1 b ^u two ?+s ,i am det]m9$3    
,fir/1 ,i w      nev] trail my g>m5ts on
 a fil?y pavem5t :ile ,i live4 ,if ,i   
am ! only "y lady 9 ?is univ]sity1 :o1  
:5 %e walks1      we>s walk+ co/ume1 ,i 
w /ill be true to my individual         
s5se ( cleanl9ess & ta/e4 ,i w also c>ry
 ! jewel ( an      unpunctur$ e> ?r\gh  
life1 ?\gh1 by s do+1 ,i oblige ,mr4    
,d>w9 to confess #8a miss+ l9k' betwe5  
me & my evolution>y      ance/ors40     
,f9ally1 f m9e3        8,?is is my      
sev5te5? bir?day1 & ! date ( my         
m>tyrdom4      ,"m insi/s t at la/ ,i   
mu/ h my hair #8done up woman           
fa%ion4' ,%e says %e c h>dly =give      
h]self = lett+ me      #8run wild' s    
long4 ,we _h a great "t ov] x all1 & "h 
,i      sit1 l ano!r ,samson1 #8%orn (  
my /r5g?4' ,t figure      won't d1 ?\gh1

 = ! greate/ tr\ble ) me is t ,i        
nev] %all be %orn aga96 ,my #8back hair'
 is twi/$ up l a      corkscrew2 ,i c>ry
 eighte5 hair-p9s2 my head a*es1 my feet
      are entangl$ 9 ! skirt ( my new   
g[n4 ,i c nev] jump ov]      a f5ce aga9
 s long z ,i live4 ,z = *as+ ! %eep d[n 
9 ! %ady pa/ure1 x's out ( ! "q1 & to   
climb to      my #8,eagle's ,ne/' seat 9
 ! big burr oak w\ld ru9 ?is new        
frock beyond repair4 ,altoge!r1 ,i      
recognize ! fact t #8my                 
occupation's gone4'0    ,my read]s smile
 at ?is1 b !y may be assur$ !re are su* 
blots  ^u ! page :]e x 0 writt51 z br9y 
drops alone c make4    ,y see1 de>      
fri5ds1 f ?is contra/ ,i h drawn1 %[+ a 
glimpse  ( pa/ & future 9 two eag]1 "y  
lives1 h[ fa/ ?is _w is  gett+ on4 ,:at 
is ! diff]5ce 9 ! outlook ( y\r life t  
is1 & m9e t us$ to be8 ,let u consid]3  
,i 0 a d>+ sort (  girl2 y are ! sort ( 
girls :o d>e4 ,i _h aspiration2 y h     
opportunity4 ,i brea!d an atmosph]e lad5
 ) old "t cons]vatisms1  f :i* my       

glori\s "m's lib]ality ( s\l 0 my "o    
safety  valve ( deliv]ance4 ,b y are    
exhil>at$ by ! vital air ( a new        
lib]ty4 8,! _w is all be=e y1 :]e to    
*oose40 ,if ,i requir$  b little (      
myself1 x 0 because ! _w requir$ s      
little (  me4 ,no college ( fir/ rank 9 
ea/ or we/--save noble old ,ob]l9 &     
g5]\s ,antio*--c\ld h be5 coax$ to c\nt 
me 9 :5 %e made up  h] jewels4 ,briefly1
 public op9ion proposes to give y a     
*ance4 ,x  propos$ to let me %irk =     
myself4 ,x means to put a %ield 9 y\r   
left h& & a sword 9 y\r "r4 ,x let me g 
=?1 z be/ ,i c\ld1  to beat ! air )     
un>m$ h&s1 or to %>p5 my weapons on !   
field  & 9 pla9 sight ( ! enemy4        
,society set be=e me v few inc5tives1 & 
comm5d$ to me only !  passive virtues4  
,inde$1 %e nev] really be/irr$ h]self on
 my behalf  at all1 save t %e ceas$ n 9 
/ory & poem1 by s]mon & song  by precept
 & example1 & 7mo/ cog5tly ( all7 by    
sett+ no o!r  hope be=e me to gr\nd me1 
s f> z %e 0 able1 9 ! philosophy  t     

su/a9$ ! illu/ri\s ,micawb]4 8,n[ my    
daught]10 ?us  0 %e wont to speak1 8d y 
b be docile & ob$i5t1 z a "y  woman     
%\ld1 & some?+1 some?+ v p>ticul> inde$ 
w mo/  assur$ly turn up40    ,b ,i le>n$
 e>ly to di/ru/ a ,m5tor :o took s      
little cognizance  ( ! imp]i\s ardor (  
my y\?2 :o 0 s /upidly oblivi\s ( !     
v>i$ possibilities 9 bra9 & h& & he>t1 &
 s ,i began e>ly  to foll[ out my own   
devices z to a plan ( "* & "w4 ,w\ld  t 
! g5]\s impulse ( y\r en?usiasm1 guid$  
by y\r broad]  opportunity1 might       
8,give me back ! wild pulsation         
,t ,i felt be=e ! /rife1       ,:5 ,i   
he>d my days be=e me1         ,& !      
tumult ( my life40    ,m anon4          
,,evan/on1 ,janu>y #ca1 #ahhe4          
,,notes ,,on ,,popul> ,,engli%4    ,,by 
,,isaac ,,todhunt]4      ,i h f "t to "t
 record$ su* examples ( language z /ruck
  me = inaccuracy or any o!r peculi>ity2
 b lately ! pressure (  o!r engagem5ts  
has prev5t$ me f cont9u+ my collection1 
&  has compell$ me to r5\nce ! design   

once ent]ta9$ ( us+ !m  = ! f\ndation ( 
a sy/ematic essay4 ,! pres5t article    
conta9s a  small selection f my /ore1 & 
may be ( int]e/ to all :o value         
accuracy & cle>ness4 ,x is only necess>y
 to say t ! examples are  n fabricat$2  
all are tak5 f writ]s ( good repute1 &  
notes (  ! orig9al places h be5 pres]v$1
 ?\gh x has n be5 ?\ght  necess>y to    
encumb] ^! pages ) ref]5ces4 ,! italics 
h be5  suppli$ 9 ^? cases :]e !y are    
us$4    ,"o ( ! mo/ obvi\s peculi>ities 
at pres5t to be notic$ is  ! use ( ! ^w 
if :5 !re is no?+ really conditional 9  
! s5t5ce4 ,?us we read3 8,if ! ,prussian
 plan ( op]ations 0  faulty1 ! movem5ts 
( ! cr[n pr9ce's army 7 9 a high degree 
excell5t40 ,! writ] does n really mean  
:at 8 words seem to imply1  t !         
excell5ce 0 cont+5t on ! fault2 he      
simply means to make  two indep5d5t     
/atem5ts4 ,z ano!r example we h3 8,yet  
he nev]  f\nd$ a family2 if 8 two       
daught]s c>ri$ 8 "n & blood into  !     
families ( ! ,h]r]as & ! ,zuigos1 8 two 

sons di$ be=e  him40 ,"h aga9 ! two     
ev5ts :i* are connect$ by ! conditional 
if are really q indep5d5t4 ,o!r examples
 foll[3 8,if x be true  t ,p>is is an   
,am]ican's p>adise1 symptoms are n want+
 t !re  are ,p>isians :o ca/ a long+    
look t[>d ! in/itutions ( !  ,unit$     
,/ates40    ,o!r examples1 diff]+ 9 "s  
respects f ^? already giv51  concur 9   
exhibit+ a /range use ( ! ^w if4 ,?us we
 read3 8,if a  big book is a big evil1 !
 #8,bij\ ,gazette] ( ! ,_w' ought to /& 
at ! summit ( excell5ce4 ,x is ! t9ie/  
geographical directory we  h ev] se540  
,?is is q illogical2 if a big book is a 
big evil1  x does n foll[ t a little    
book is a great good4 8,if 9 ! ma9 ,i  h
 adh]$ to ! ,engli% v]sion1 x has be5 f 
! conviction t  our translators 7 9 !   
"r40 ,x is r difficult to see :at  is ! 
precise op9ion "h express$ z to our     
translators2 :e!r an  absolute or       
cont+5t approval is int5d$4 ,= ! la/    
example we take  ?is3 8''' b if x does n
 ret>d 8 return to (fice x c h>dly      

accel]ate x40 ,! mean+ is1 8,?is spee* c
 n accel]ate & may  ret>d ,mr4          
,disraeli's return to (fice40 ,! triple 
occurr5ce ( x is  v awkw>d4    ,an error
 n uncommon 9 ! pres5t day is ! bl5d+ ( 
two diff]5t  con/ructions 9 "o s5t5ce4  
,! gramm>s ( our *ildhood us$ to        
condemn su* a s5t5ce z ?is3 8,he 0 m    
belov$ b n s mu*  admir$ z ,cyn?io40 ,! 
=m] "p ( ! s5t5ce requires to be  foll[$
 by ?an1 & n by z4 ,! foll[+ are rec5t  
examples3  8,! little f>m] 79 ,france7  
has no great] enjoym5ts1 if s _m1 z  !  
,engli% labor]40 8,i f9d public s*ool   
boys g5]ally m flu5t1  & z sup]ficial z 
boys educat$ else:]e40 8,mallet1 =      
in/ance1  records 8 delight & wond] at !
 ,alps & ! desc5t into ,italy  9 t]ms q 
z w>m1 if mu* less pr(use1 z ^? ( ! mo/ 
impressible mod]n t\ri/40 ,an awkw>d    
con/ruction1 almo/ z bad z  a fault1 is 
se5 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 8,messrs  hav+   
secur$ !  cop]ation ( "s ( ! mo/ em95t  
pr(essors (1 & writ]s on1  ! v>i\s      
bran*es ( sci5ce4'''0    ,a v favorite  

practice is t ( *ang+ a ^w :]e !re is no
  correspond+ *ange ( mean+4 ,take !    
foll[+ example f a  volum9\s hi/orian3  
8,huge p9nacles ( b>e rock %oot up into 
!  azure firmam5t1 & =e/s ov]spread _!  
sides1 9 :i* ! sc>let  rhodod5drons     
sixty feet 9 height are surm\nt$ by     
trees two hundr$  feet 9 elevation40 ,9 
a passage ( ?is k9d x may be ( little   
consequ5ce :e!r a ^w is reta9$ or *ang$2
 b = any purpose  :]e precision is      
valuable x is ne>ly z bad to use two    
words 9 "o  s5se z "o ^w 9 two s5ses4   
,let u take "s o!r examples4 ,we  read 9
 ! usual *annels ( in=mation t 8,mr4    
,glad/one has issu$  invitations = a    
full-dress ,p>liam5t>y d9n]1 & ,"l      
,granville  has issu$ invitations = a   
full-dress ,p>liam5t>y banquet40 ,aga9  
we read3 8,! gov]nm5t proposes to divide
 ! occupi]s ( l& into  f\r categories20 
& almo/ imm$iately aft] we h 8! second  
class compreh5ds'''03 s t we see ! gr&  
^w category m]ely  /&s = class4 ,a writ]
 rec5tly 9 a sket* ( travels spoke ( a  

8,turki% g5tleman ) 8 innum]able wives10
 & soon aft] said  t %e 8nev] saw him   
address any ( 8 multif>i\s wives40 ,"o  
( ! illu/rat$ p]iodicals gave a picture 
( an ev5t 9 rec5t  ,fr5* hi/ory1 entitl$
 8,! ,national ,gu>ds ,fir+ on ! ,p40   
,"h  ! *ange f national to p slightly   
conceals ! /range  contradiction (      
gu>dians fir+ on ^? :om !y ought to     
gu>d4    ,let u n[ take "o example 9 :i*
 a ^w is repeat$1 b 9 a r  diff]5t s5se3
 8,! gr& duke ( ,bad5 sat next to !     
emp]or  ,william1 ! imp]ial cr[n pr9ce (
 ,g]many sitt+ next to ! gr&  duke4     
,next came ! o!r pr9cely p]sonages40 ,! 
^w next is us$  9 ! la/ in/ance 9 n q ! 
same s5se z 9 ! =m] two  in/ances2 = all
 ! pr9cely p]sonages c\ld n sit 9       
contact )  ! cr[n pr9ce4    ,a class (  
examples may be f\nd 9 :i* !re is an    
obvi\s incongruity  betwe5 two ( ! words
 :i* occur4 ,?us1 8,we are m ?an        
d\btful20  t is1 we are m ?an full (    
d\bts3 ?is is obvi\sly impossible4  ,!n 
we read ( 8a man ( m ?an d\btful        

sanity40 ,aga9 we read (  8a m ?an      
que/ionable /atem5t20 ?is is ,i suppose 
a v h>%  elliptical con/ruction = su* a 
s5t5ce z 8a /atem5t to :i*  we might    
apply an epi!t m condemnatory ?an       
que/ionable40 ,s  also we read 8a m     
unobjectionable "*40 ,aga93 8,let !     
,second  ,*amb] be compos$ ( elect$     
memb]s1 & _! utility w be m  ?an halv$40
 ,to take ! half ( any?+ is to p]=m a   
def9ite  op]ation1 :i* is n susceptible 
( m or less4 ,aga93 8,!  s+ul> & almo/  
excessive imp>tiality & p[] (           
appreciation40  ,x is impossible to     
conceive ( excessive imp>tiality4 ,o!r  
rec5t  examples ( ^! impossible         
comb9ations are1 8m faultless10 8less   
indisputable40 8,! high antiquity ( !   
n>rative c n reasonably  be d\bt$1 &    
almo/ z little its ultimate ,apo/olic   
orig940  ,! ultimate orig91 t is ! la/  
beg9n+1 ( any?+ seems  a contradiction4 
,! common phrase bad heal? seems ( !    
same  "*2 x is almo/ equival5t to uns\nd
 s\ndness or to  unprosp]\s prosp]ity4  

,9 a passage already quot$1 we read t ! 
cz> 8gave audi5ce to num]\s visitors10 &
 9 a simil> mann] a  v di/+ui%$ lectur] 
speaks ( mak+ exp]im5ts 8visible to a   
l>ge audi5ce40 ,x w\ld seem f ! la/     
in/ance t our language  wants a ^w to   
d5ote a mass ( p collect$ n s mu* to he>
  an address z to see :at are call$     
exp]im5ts4 ,p]haps if our savage        
=efa!rs _h enjoy$ ! advantages ( c\rses 
( sci5tific lectures1  ! vocabul>y w\ld 
be suppli$ ) ! miss+ ^w4    ,tal5t$ is a
 vile b>b>ism :i* ,col]idge indignantly 
d5\nc$2  !re is no v]b to tal5t f :i*   
su* a p>ticiple c\ld be  d$uc$4 ,p]haps 
?is imag9>y ^w is n common at ! pres5t2 
?\gh ,i am sorry to see f my notes t x  
/ill f9ds favor )  classical s*ol>s4    
,web/] says3 8,?is ^w--:i* is said to be
 (  ,am]ican orig9--has be5 /rongly     
object$ to by ,col]idge & "s o!r        
critics1 b z x w\ld seem1 ^u n v good   
gr\nds1 z ! use (  tal5t or tal5ts to   
signify m5tal ability1 al?\gh at fir/   
m]ely  metaphorical1 is n[ fully        

e/abli%$1 & tal5t$1 z a =mative1  is j z
 analogical & legitimate1 z gift$1      
bigot$1 turret$1  t>get$1 & num]\s o!r  
adjectives hav+ a p>ticipial =m1 b      
d]iv$ directly f n\ns1 & n f            
v]bs40--,,ed4 ,,! ,,*autauquan4         
,ignore is a v popul> & a v bad ^w4 ,z  
!re is no good  au?ority = x1 ! mean+ is
 naturally unc]ta94 ,x seems to         
fluctuate betwe5 wilfully conceal+      
some?+ & un9t5tionally  omitt+ some?+1 &
 ?is vagu5ess r5d]s x a conv5i5t tool = 
an unscrupul\s orator or writ]4    ,! ^w
 l5g!n$ is (t5 us$ in/ead ( long4 ,?us  
we read t  su* & su* an orator made a   
l5g!n$ spee*1 :5 ! int5d$  mean+ is t he
 made a long spee*4 ,! ^w l5g!n$ has its
  appropriate mean+4 ,?us1 aft] a %ip   
has be5 built by ! ,admiralty1  x is    
sometimes cut into two & a piece ins]t$2
 ?is op]ation1 v  repreh5sible d\btless 
on f9ancial gr\nds1 is correctly        
describ$  z l5g!n+ ! %ip4 ,x w be obvi\s
 on consid]ation t  l5g!n$ is n         
synonym\s ) long4 ,protract$ & prolong$ 

are also (t5 us$ in/ead ( long2 ?\gh    
p]haps ) less decid$  impropriety ?an   
l5g!n$4    ,a v common phrase )         
controv]sial writ]s is1 8we %rewdly     
suspect40 ,?is is equival5t to1 8we     
acutely suspect40 ,! clev]ness  ( !     
suspicion %\ld1 h[ev]1 be attribut$ to !
 writ]s by o!r  p1 & n by !mselves4     
,! simple ^w b is (t5 us$ :5 x is       
difficult to see any %ade  ( opposition 
or contra/ su* z we naturally expect4   
,?us we read3  8,!re 7 sev]al c&idates1 
b ! *oice fell ^u  ( ,tr9ity  ,college40
 ,ano!r acc\nt ( ! same transaction 0   
express$ ?us3 8,x  0 und]/ood t !re 7   
sev]al c&idates2 ! election fell1       
h[ev]1 ^u  ( ,tr9ity ,college40    ,! ^w
 mi/ak5 is curi\s z be+ con/antly us$ 9 
a s5se  directly contr>y to t :i*1      
accord+ to its =mation1 x ought to  h4  
,?us3 8,he is (t5 mi/ak51 b nev] trivial
 & insipid40 8,he  is (t5 mi/ak50 ought 
to mean t o!r p (t5 mi/ake him2  j z 8he
 is (t5 misund]/ood0 means t p (t5      
misund]/&  him4 ,b ! writ] ( ! above    

s5t5ce int5ds to say t 8,he (t5  makes  
mi/akes40 ,x w\ld be well if we c\ld get
 rid ( ?is anomal\s  use ( ! ^w mi/ak54 
,i suppose t wrong or errone\s w\ld     
always suffice4 ,b ,i mu/ admit t good  
writ]s d employ mi/ak5  9 ! s5se :i*    
seems contr>y to analogy2 = example1    
,dugald ,/ew>t  does s1 & also a        
di/+ui%$ lead+ philosoph] ^: /yle %[s   
decid$ traces ( ,dugald ,/ew>t's        
influ5ce4    ,i %\ld l to ask :y a fir/ 
*>ge is call$ a prim>y *>ge1 =  x does n
 appe> t ?is mode ( expression is       
cont9u$4 ,we h1 ,i  ?9k1 second1 ?ird1 &
 s on1 in/ead ( second>y1 t]ti>y1 &  s  
on1 to di/+ui% ! subsequ5t *>ges4       
,cobbett ju/ly blam$ ! practice ( putt+ 
8c40 to save ! tr\ble  ( complet+ a     
s5t5ce prop]ly4 ,9 ma!matical writ+s ?is
 symbol  may be tol]at$ because x       
g5]ally involves no ambiguity1 b is  us$
 m]ely z an abbreviation1 ! mean+ ( :i* 
is obvi\s f  ! context4 ,b 9 o!r works  
!re is frequ5tly no clue to guide  u 9  
affix+ a mean+ to ! symbol1 & we c only 

int]pret its  pres5ce z a sign t some?+ 
has be5 omitt$4 ,! foll[+ is an         
example3 8,x describes a portion (      
,hell5ic philosophy2 x dwells ^u  em95t 
individuals1 inquir+1 !oriz+1 reason+1  
confut+1 c41  z contra/$ ) ^? collective
 political & social manife/ations  :i*  
=m ! matt] ( hi/ory4'''0    ,a rec5t    
cab9et m9i/] describ$ ! error ( an      
,indian (ficial 9  ^! words3 8,he rema9$
 too long "u ! influ5ce ( ! views :i*   
he _h imbib$ f ! bo>d40 ,to imbibe a    
view seems /range1 b to  imbibe any?+ f 
a bo>d mu/ be v difficult4 ,i may obs]ve
 t  ! phrase ( ,ca/l]eagh's :i* is n[   
be/ kn[n1 seems to suff] f              
misquotation2 we usually h 8an ignorant 
impati5ce ( taxation20 b  ! orig9al =m  
appe>s to h be51 8an ignorant impati5ce 
( !  relaxation ( taxation40    ,!      
foll[+ s5t5ce is f a volum9\s hi/orian3 
8,! decl9e  ( ! mat]ial com=ts ( ! work+
 classes1 f ! effects (  ! ,revolution1 
_h be5 incessant1 & _h n[ rea*$ an al>m+
  height40 ,x is possible to asc5d to an

 al>m+ height1 b x is  surely difficult 
to decl9e to an al>m+ height4    8,no?+ 
c\ld be m "o-sid$ ?an ! po9t ( view     
adopt$ by !  speak]s40 ,x is v /range to
 speak ( a po9t z hav+ a side2  & !n h[ 
c "o-sid$ admit ( comp>ison8 ,a ?+ ei!r 
has  "o side or x has n2 !re c n be     
degrees 9 "o-sid$ness4  ,h[ev]1 ev5     
ma!maticians d n always manage ! ^w po9t
  correctly4 ,9 a mod]n valuable "w we  
read ( 8a m ext5d$ po9t  ( view10 ?\gh  
we "k t a po9t does n admit ( ext5sion4 
,i  suppose t :at is meant is1 a po9t   
:i* comm&s a m ext5d$  view4 8,fros*amm]
 wi%es to approa* ! subject f a         
philosophical  /&po9t40 ,x is impossible
 to /& & yet to approa*4 ,ei!r he  %\ld 
survey ! subject f a /&-po9t1 or approa*
 x f a  />t+-po9t4    ,a l>ge s*ool _h  
lately fall5 into difficulties ow+ to   
int]nal  diss5sions2 9 ! report ( a     
c\ncil on ! subject x 0 /at$ t  measures
 _h be5 tak5 to introduce m h>mony &    
good feel+4 ,!  ^w introduce sugge/s !  
idea t h>mony & good feel+ c\ld be  laid

 on l wat] or gas by prop] me*anical    
adju/m5t1 or c\ld be  suppli$ l         
fir/-class furniture by a ,london       
uphol/]]4    ,a passage has be5 quot$ ) 
approbation by m ?an "o critic f  ! late
 ,pr(essor ,con+ton's translation (     
,horace1 9 :i* !  foll[+ l9e occurs3--  
,aft] life's endless babble !y sleep    
well4    ,n[ ! ^w endless "h is         
extremely awkw>d2 = if ! babble nev]    
ends1 h[ c any?+ come aft] x8    ,to    
digress = a mom5t1 ,i may obs]ve t ?is  
l9e gives a good  illu/ration ( !       
process by :i* :at is call$ ,lat9 v]se  
is (t5  con/ruct$4 ,e p]son sees t ! l9e
 is =m$ out ( ,%aksp]e's  8,aft] life's 
fitful fev] he sleeps well40 ,! +5uity (
 !  transf]5ce may be admir$1 b x seems 
to me t x is easy to give  m ?an a due  
am\nt ( admiration2 &1 z ! in/ance %[s1 
!  adaptation may issue 9 some?+ bord]+ 
on ! absurd4    ,! language ( ! %op & ! 
m>ket mu/ n be expect$ to be v  exact3  
we may be cont5t to be amus$ by "s ( its
 peculi>ities4 ,i c  n say t ,i h se5 ! 

/atem5t :i* is said to h appe>$ 9  !    
foll[+ =m3 8,dead pigs are look+ up40   
,we f9d v frequ5tly  adv]tis$1          
8,dige/ive biscuits0--p]haps dige/ible  
biscuits are  meant4 ,9 a catalogue (   
books an 8,encyclopdia ( ,m5tal ,sci5ce0
 is  adv]tis$2 & aft] ! names ( ! au?ors
 we read1 8invaluable1  #es4 #f;d420 ?is
 is a curi\s explanation ( invaluable4  
,! title ( a book rec5tly adv]tis$ is1  
8,?\ghts = ^? :o are  ,?\ghtful40 ,x    
might seem sup]flu\s1 n to say          
impossible1 to supply  ?\ghts to ^? :o  
are already full ( ?\ght4    ,! ^w      
limit$ is at pres5t v popul> 9 ! doma9 (
 comm]ce4  ,?us we read1 8,al?\gh !     
space giv5 to u 0 limit$40 ,?is we c    
readily suppose2 = 9 a f9ite build+ !re 
c n be unlimit$  space4 ,booksell]s c   
p]haps say1 )\t impropriety1 t a 8limit$
  numb] w be pr9t$10 z ?is may only     
imply t ! type w be  brok5 up2 b !y     
sometimes tell u t 8a limit$ numb] 0    
pr9t$10 & ?is is an obvi\s truism4      
,"s pills us$ to be adv]tis$ = ! use ( !

 8possessor ( pa9s  9 ! back10 !        
adv]tisem5t be+ accompani$ ) a l>ge     
picture  repres5t+ ! unhappy capitali/  
torm5t$ by 8 prop]ty4    ,pron\ns1 :i*  
are tr\blesome to all writ]s ( ,engli%1 
are especially  emb>rass+ to ! au?ors ( 
prospectuses & adv]tisem5ts4 ,a w9e     
company return ?anks to _! fri5ds1 8&1  
at ! same "t1 !y  w\ld assure !m t x is 
_! con/ant /udy n only to  f9d          
improvem5ts = _! conv5i5ce4'''0 ,obs]ve 
h[ ! pron\ns  oscillate 9 _! application
 betwe5 ! company & _! fri5ds4    ,9    
select+ titles ( books !re is room =    
improvem5t4 ,?us1 a  ,qu>t]ly ,j\rnal is
 n uncommon2 ! words /rictly are        
sugge/ive (  a ,qu>t]ly ,daily          
publication4 ,i rememb]1 "s ye>s s9ce1  
obs]v+  a notice t a c]ta9 obscure      
society propos$ to celebrate its        
tri5nial anniv]s>y4    ,a few words may 
be giv5 to "s popul> misquotations4     
8,he t runs may read0 is (t5 suppos$ to 
be a quotation f !  ,bible2 ! words     
really are1 8,he may run t reade?10 & x 

is n  c]ta9 t ! s5se convey$ by ! popul>
 misquotation is correct4    ,a prov]b  
:i* correctly runs ?us3 8,! road to hell
 is pav$ ) good  int5tions10 is (t5     
quot$ 9 ! f> less expressive =m1 8,hell 
is  pav$ ) good int5tions40    8,k is   
p[]0 is frequ5tly attribut$ to ,bacon1 9
 spite ( ,"l  ,lytton's *all5ge t !     
words c n be f\nd 9 ,bacon's writ+s4    
,x seems impossible to prev5t writ]s f  
us+ cui bono8 9 !  unclassical s5se4 ,! 
correct mean+ is kn[n to be ( ?is       
nature3  suppose t a crime has be5      
committ$2 !n inquire :o has ga9$  by !  
crime--cui bono8 = obvi\sly !re is a    
probability t  ! p]son b5efit$ 0 !      
crim9al4 ,! usual s5se impli$ by !      
quotation is ?is3 ,:at is ! good8 ! "q  
be+ appli$ to  :atev] is = ! mom5t !    
object ( depreciation4 ,^? :o use !     
words incorrectly may1 h[ev]1 %elt]     
!mselves "u ! great "n  ( ,leibnitz1 =  
he takes !m 9 ! popul> s5se2 see 8      
works1 vol4  v41 p4 #bjf4    ,! ,times1 
comm5t+ on ! slov5ly composition ( !    

que5's  spee*es to ,p>liam5t1 propos$ ! 
cause ( ! fact z a fit subject  = !     
inve/igation ( our pr(essional ?9k]s4 ,!
 phrase sugge/s  a delicate repro( to ^?
 :o assume = !mselves ! title (  ?9k]1  
imply+ t any p]son may engage 9 ?is     
occupation j z  he might1 if he pleas$1 
become a d5ti/1 or a /ockbrok]1 or a    
civil  eng9e]4 ,! ^w ?9k] is v common z 
a "n ( respect 9 !  works ( a mod]n     
di/+ui%$ philosoph]4 ,i am afraid1      
h[ev]1 t  x is employ$ by him pr9cipally
 z synonym\s ) a ,comti/4    ,! ,times1 
9 advocat+ ! claims ( a lit]>y man = a  
p5sion1  said1 8,he has con/ruct$ sev]al
 useful s*oolbooks40 ,! ^w  con/ruct    
sugge/s ) great neatness ! nature ( !   
process by  :i* s*oolbooks are sometimes
 evolv$1 imply+ ! pres5ce ( !  bricklay]
 & mason r ?an ( ! ar*itect4    ,dr4    
,todhunt] might h add$ feature to ! li/ 
( words abusively  us$ by newspap]      
writ]s4 ,9 "o numb] ( a magaz9e two     
examples  occur3 8,a feature :i* _h be5 
well tak5 up by local & o!r             

manufactur]s 0 ! exhibition ( honey 9   
v>i\s appli$ =ms40 8,a  new feature 9 ! 
social arrangem5ts ( ! ,c5tral ,radical 
,club  took place ! o!r                 
ev5+40--,macmillan's ,magaz9e4          
,,! ,,*autauqua ,,s*ool ,,( ,,lib]al    
,,arts4    ,,by ,,*ancellor ,j4 ,h4     
,,v9c5t1 ,d4,d4    ,beyond ! 8,inn]     
,circle10 :i* leads to ! 8,upp]         
,*autauqua10 we come  to ! ,upp]mo/     
,*autauqua--! ,univ]sity prop]1 ) its   
8,s*ool (  ,lib]al ,arts10 & its 8,s*ool
 ( ,!ology40 ,"h we f9d provision made  
= college tra9+ ( a ?or\gh sort4 ,/ud5ts
 all ov] ! _w  may turn _! homes into   
dormitories1 refectories1 & /udy rooms1 
9  connection ) ! great ,univ]sity :i*  
has its local habitation at  ,*autauqua4
 ,?us 8he>]s0 & 8recipi5ts0 9 !         
,assembly1 8read]s0 9  ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4    
,c41 8/ud5t read]s0 9 ! 8inn] circle0--!
 8,league (  ! ,r\nd-,table10 may g     
beyond1 ev5 to ! ,s*ool ( ,lib]al ,arts1
 !  bona fide ,college ( ,*autauqua4    
,*autauqua exalts ! college4 ,%e        

believes t ! b5efits ( a  college tra9+ 
are manifold4    #a4 ,! action by :i* a 
y\? becomes a college /ud5t--! simple   
go+  =?--leav+ "o set ( circum/ances &  
volunt>ily ent]+ ano!r1  ) a specific   
purpose--is an action :i* has educat+   
influ5ce 9  x4 ,x is a di/9ct           
recognition ( an object & a delib]ate   
ef=t  to secure x4 ,! judgm5t is        
conv9c$1 ! w makes a decision1  &       
correspond+ action foll[s4 ,we h !      
?\ght1 ! aim1 !  /&>ds1 ! resolve1 !    
surr5d]1 & ! embodim5t ( all 9 an       
actual physical movem5t4 ,!re mu/ foll[ 
^! activities a reflex  influ5ce on !   
y\? himself4 ,x becomes a 8new bir?0 9 8
 life4  ,he has gone to ano!r plane4 ,8 
ev]yday conduct is modifi$ by x4  ,he   
looks up & on4 ,accord+ to ! /&>d he has
 set1 ! idea he  ent]ta9s ( education1 &
 ! motives :i* impel him w be !         
subjective effects ( 8 action--! real   
p[] ( 8 new life4    #b4 ,!re is educat+
 p[] 9 ! complete plan ( /udy provid$ 9 
! college curriculum1 cov]+ z x does !  

wide _w ( ?\ght1  di/ribut$ ov] ! ye>s1 
) subdivisions into t]ms1 ) specific    
assignm5ts ( subjects1 ) a beg9n+ & an  
end+ ( ea* division1  & _m beg9n+s &    
end+s1 ) promotions accord+ to m]it1 &  
f9al reviews1 recognitions1 & honors4   
,!re is great value 9 !  en=c$ sy/em ( !
 college4 ,x t5ds to su/a9 & confirm new
 life1  begun :5 ! /ud5t made 8 fir/    
movem5t t[>d an in/itution4    #c4 ,!   
association ( /ud5ts 9 college life is  
ano!r educat+  factor4 ,m9d meets m9d 9 
a fell[%ip ( aim1 purpose1 & exp]i5ce4  
,!y h left ! same _w2 !y n[ toge!r ent] 
ano!r _w4  ,!y look up to ! heights & to
 ! %9+ ( cr[ns :i* await !  gift$ &     
fai?ful4 ,!y are bro!rs n[--"o 8alma    
mat]0 to n\ri%  !m4 ,!y s+ _!           
songs--songs :i*1 al?\gh )\t mu* s5se1  
h p[] to awake & fo/] sympa?y4 ,ev5 a   
man ( s5se loves to  li/5 to !m4 ,he    
laughs at ! folly1 &1 ?\gh himself a    
sage1  wi%es he 7 "o ( ! company ( s+]s4
 ,! laws ( aff9ity "w  out4 ,s\l        
inspires s\l4 ,memories gr[ apace4      

,atta*m5ts t endure1  adv5tures season$ 
) fun or t\*$ ) sadness1 absurdities1   
failures1 h]oisms1 triumphs1 are cr[d$  
into ! f\r ye>s1 & l  fruitage ( bloom &
 fragrance f a cons]vatory may g =? to  
bless _m an h\r ( w&]+1 ( sorr[1 (      
reunion1 ( remembrance1  9 ! lat] ye>s4 
,!re 0 some?+ pa!tic 9 ! return ( !     
fam\s ,yale ,college class ( #ahec to _!
 alma mat] two summ]s ago4  ,z !y w&]$  
ab\t ! sc5es ( _! y\?1 "u ! old elms1   
?r\gh recitation rooms & *apel1 s++ !   
old songs1 reviv+  ! old fri5d%ips1     
recall+ faces to be se5 no m1 no wond] t
  te>s fell d[n furr[$ *eeks f eyes     
unus$ to weep4 ,is !re any  /rong] or   
sweet] fri5d%ip ?an t born "u ! ivi$    
t[]s &  spread+ elms ( college hall &   
campus8    ,9 college m9d meets m9d 9 ! 
sev]e competition ( recitation &  annual
 exam9ation4 ,! bright boy--"o ( a small
 class at home1 :o  _h x all 8 own way  
!re--n[ f9ds a score or m ( lead]s ^:   
unvoic$ *all5ge he is compell$ to       
accept1 & h[ he does knit  8 br[1 close 

8 eyes1 summon 8 /r5g?1 s*ool 8 w1 =ce  
8 flagg+ en]gies1 & grapple problems t  
he may hold 8 own1  out/rip 8 rivals1 & 
w9 prize & place = ! sake ( 8 family's  
fame & = 8 p]sonal satisfaction6    ,!re
 is no?+ t s discov]s to a y\? ! weak   
po9ts ( 8  "* z ! association ( college 
life4 ,!re are no wa/$  c\rtesies among 
/ud5ts4 ,folly is soon detect$1 & by    
blunt spee*1  bold c>icature1 & m]ciless
 satire expos$4 ,s5sitiv5ess is cur$  by
 ridicule1 c[>dice nev] condon$1 &      
meanness br&$ beyond !  possibility (   
concealm5t or p>don4 ,college           
associations /imulate !  be/ elem5ts 9 a
 man1 expose weak & wick$ ones1 & t5d to
 !  prun+ & /r5g!n+ ( "*4    #d4 ,!n !re
 is 9 college life association )        
pr(essors & tutors1  & ?is is1 ,i       
confess1 sometimes ( little value1 z :5 
tea*]s are  m]e ma*9es1 b 9 x1 at its   
be/1 are di/+ui%+ b5efits4  ,:5 tea*]s  
are full m51 apt m51 & en?usia/ic m5--z 
college  pr(essors1 & = t matt] all     
tea*]s ought to be--! place (           

recitation soon becomes a c5t] ( p[]4   
,tact te/s atta9m5t1 exposes  ignorance1
 foils deceit1 develops /r5g?1 indicates
 l9es ( discov]y1  & inspires c\rage4 ,a
 liv+ tea*] supplies at once model &    
motive4  ,he has gone on among !        
labyr9?s1 & up ! /eeps ( k2  has tri$ & 
toil$ & triumph$4 ,he s\ght & he is4 ,& 
n[ by  wise que/ion+1 by judici\s       
revelation1 by skillful concealm5t1 by  
+5i\s supposition1 by g5]\s raill]y1 by 
bant]1 by je/1 by  argum5t & by magnetic
 en]gies1 ! tea*] /irs ! /ud5t into     
supreme conditions ( receptivity &      
activity4 ,su* tea*]s make !  college4  
,z ,presid5t ,g>field said3 8,give me an
 old s*ool h\se1 &  a log = a b5*4 ,put 
,m>k ,hopk9s on "o end1 & let me1 z     
/ud5t1  sit on ! o!r1 & ,i h all !      
college ,i ne$40 ,:5 an in/itution  is  
able to employ m5 ( sup]ior k1 p[]1 &   
tact1 /ud5ts  mu/ be tra9$1 & all _!    
aft] lives affect$ by ! influ5ce4  ,=   
memory magnifies ! wor? ( a true tea*]1 
& ! h]o ( !  college quadr5nium becomes 

a demigod ?r\gh ! po/-graduate ye>s4 ,a 
doz5 m5 ( ?is mold1 if once !y c\ld be  
gott5 toge!r1 w\ld make  a college ! l (
 :i* has n yet be5 se5 on ! planet4     
,%all  ,*autauqua "o ( ^! days f9d !m8  
#e4 ,! college life promotes m5tal      
discipl9e4 ,x drills1 & drills1  & draws
 out4 ,x compels ef=t1 & ef=t /r5g!ns4  
,x provides a  sy/em ( m5tal gymna/ics4 
,:at 0 difficult at fir/1 soon becomes  
easy1 until sev]] te/s are s\ght f ! v  
delight ! /ud5t  f9ds 9 conc5tration &  
p]si/5cy4 ,?us developm5t takes place 9 
! v>i$ faculties ( ! s\l4 ,! /ud5t      
acquires p[] to obs]ve  ) sci5tific     
exactness1 to g5]alize wisely f         
accumulat$ data1  to project hypo!ses1  
to wat* psy*ical processes1 to reason ) 
accuracy1 to di/+ui% betwe5 ! false & ! 
true1 bo? 9 !  inn] & ! out] _w2 to     
grasp protract$ & complicat$ processes  
( ma!matical ?\ght2 to trace l+ui/ic    
evolutions--rememb]+1  analyz+1         
philosophiz+2 to /udy ! /ud5ts ( ! ages1
 & !  products ( _! g5ius 9 art1 poetry1

 jurisprud5ce1 & discov]y1  9 ! facts ( 
hi/ory & ! great pr9ciples ( sociology4 
,all !  p[]s employ$ 9 ?is manifold "w  
dur+ ! college t]m are tra9$  & ?us     
prep>$ = "w aft] ! college t]m is end$4 
,x is n s  mu* ! am\nt ( k acquir$ dur+ 
! f\r ye>s1 z x is !  p[] at w ev] aft] 
to acquire k1 t m>ks ! b5efits (  !     
college c\rse4    #f4 ,) discipl9e comes
 ! compreh5sive survey ( ! univ]se4 ,!  
college outlook takes ! /ud5t backw>d   
along ! l9e ( hi/orical  developm5t4 ,x 
%[s him ! heights & ! dep?s1 ! manifold 
v>ieties & int]-relations ( k4 ,x gives 
him tools & !  tra9+ to use !m1 & a     
glance at ! mat]ial on :i* he is to use 
!m4 ,! /ud5t ?r\gh college is a travel]1
 sometimes exam9+ 9  detail1 sometimes  
sup]ficially4 ,he gives a glance &      
rememb]s2 he  takes notes & ?9ks        
closely4 ,he sees ! all-surr\nd+ regions
 (  k1 & al?\gh he may make b slight    
rese>*es 9 p>ticul>  l9es1 he kn[s :]e  
to return 9 ! aft] ye>s = deep] rese>*  
& ampl] k4    #g4 ,college life leads to

 self-discov]y4 ,x te/s a man's p[]s1 & 
reveals to him 8 weakness4 ,x %[s him   
:at he is be/ fitt$ to d1  & ! %[+ may n
 be 9 h>mony ei!r ) 8 ambitions or 8    
preconceiv$ notions4 ,a boy born =      
m]cantile pursuits1 :o comes out  (     
college a lawy] or prea*]1 proves t !   
college fail$ to d its  legitimate & mo/
 important "w = him4 ,pr(essors :o m]ely
 glorify  intellectual atta9m5t1 & :o   
neglect to %[ /ud5ts _! true  place 9 ! 
_w1 are little bett] ?an cranks or      
hobbyi/s4 ,college  life is ! :ole (    
life pack$ into a brief p]iod1 ) !      
elem5ts  t make life magnifi$ &         
int5sifi$1 s t te/s ( "* may  easily be 
made4 ,x is a laboratory ( exp]im5t1 :]e
 natural laws &  conditions are press$  
into rapid ?\gh normal op]ation1 &      
processes  o!rwise ext5d+ ov] long      
p]iods ( "t are cr[d$ to spe$y          
consummation4 ,tw5ty ye>s ( ord9>y life1
 s f> z !y con/itute  a te/+ p]iod ( "* 
are1 by college life1 cr[d$ into f\r    
ye>s4 ,a boy :o is a failure !n1 w\ld1 =

 ! same reasons1 be a  failure ?r\gh !  
long] probation1 unless ! e>ly discov]y 
(  peculi> weakness may be a protection 
aga9/ ! p]ils :i* ?is  weakness         
involves4 ,!re=e x is a good ?+ = a y\? 
to subject  himself ?us e>ly to a te/+1 
= f x may come self-discov]y1  :5 lat5t 
p[]s may be develop$1 & imp5d+ evils    
avoid$4    ,( o!r advantages (          
educational in/itutions ,i %all n n[    
speak4  ,!y are manifold4 ,our y\? ( bo?
 sexes1 :atev] _! call+s 9  life1 w\ld d
 well to seek ^! advantages4 ,!re=e     
p>5ts1 prim>y  tea*]s1 & old] p]sons :o 
influ5ce y\?1 %\ld con/antly place  be=e
 !m ! b5efits ( college education1 &    
inspire !m to rea*  aft] & atta9 x4     
,argum5ts %\ld be us$1 appeals made1    
assi/ance  pr(f]$1 t a l>g] p]c5tage (  
,am]ican y\? may aspire aft]  college   
privileges1 or at lea/ rema9 = a long]  
t]m 9 ! be/  s*ools ( a high] grade4    
,ha/e to be ri*1 re/iv5ess "u re/ra9t   
dur+ ! age ( unwisdom1 inability to     
regulate by au?ority at home  ! eag] &  

ambiti\s life ( our y\?1 toge!r ) false1
 m]c5>y  notions ( p>5ts1 :o 8c n af=d  
to h s mu* "t sp5t by  ! "y folks 9     
/udy+1 because !y mu/ be do+ some?+ =   
!mselves0--^! are "s ( ! causes ( !     
depreciation & neglect  ( ! ,am]ican    
college--a neglect lam5table en\gh1 &   
fraught )  h>m to ! nation4             
,*autauqua lifts up h] voice 9 favor (  
lib]al education = a l>g]  numb] ( p4   
,%e w\ld pack exi/+ in/itutions until   
w+s mu/  be add$ to old build+s1 & new  
build+s be put up to accommodate  "y m5 
& maid5s :o are det]m9$ to be educat$4  
,*autauqua w\ld exalt ! pr(ession ( !   
tea*] until ! highe/  g5ius1 ! ri*e/    
s*ol>%ip1 & ! broade/ manhood &         
womanhood  ( ! nation w\ld be consecrat$
 to ?is s]vice4    ,*autauqua w\ld give 
munific5t sal>ies & put a premium on    
m]it1  s5se1 tact1 & culture 9 ! tea*]'s
 (fice4 ,%e w\ld turn !  eyes ( all !   
p--poor & ri*1 me*anics & m5 ( o!r1 if  
n high] degree1 t[>d ! high s*ool & !   
college1 urg+ h\se  build]s1 h\se own]s1

 h\se keep]s1 f>m]s1 blacksmi?s1 bank]s1
  millionaires1 to prep>e !mselves by a 
true culture1 :atev] ni*e  !y fill 9    
life1 to be m5 & wom51 citiz5s1 p>5ts1  
memb]s (  society1 memb]s ( ! *ur*1     
c&idates = immortal progress4    ,to    
promote ^! ends ! ,*autauqua ,lit]>y &  
,sci5tific ,circle 0  organiz$4 ,by its 
c\rses ( popul> read+ x gives a college 
outlook  to ! uncultivat$1 & exalts !   
high] le>n+4 ,x is1 z ,i h  else:]e     
said1 a ,john ! ,bapti/ prep>+ ! way =  
sem9>y &  univ]sity4    ,! manag]s ( !  
,*autauqua movem5t1 h[ev]1 recognize !  
fact  t !re are ?\s&s ( full-gr[n m5 &  
wom5 :o are at _!  be/ intellectually1 &
 :o1 ) "s leisure & mu* long+1  believe 
!y c\ld d m ?an read4 ,!y want to /udy2 
to /udy 9  d[nright e>ne/2 to develop   
m5tal p[]2 to cultivate ta/e2 to        
increase k1 to make use ( x by tongue & 
p5 & life4 ,!re  are t5s ( ?\s&s ( "y p 
out ( s*ool by necessities  comm]cial & 
filial1 :o are awak5$ to ! p[] )9 & !   
possibilities beyond4 ,!y believe !y    

c\ld le>n a language1 &  enjoy !        
lit]ature ( x4 ,!y believe !y c\ld ?9k &
 gr[1  speak & write4 ,!y are will+1 &  
eag] to try4 ,out ( m9utes !y  c\ld     
con/ruct college t]ms4 ,!y h w en\gh1   
he>t en\gh1  bra9 en\gh to beg91 to g   
on1 to g ?r\gh1 & all ?is1 :ile  !      
ev]yday life cont9ues ) its duty = ?is  
h\r & = t4  ,!y believe t into ! closely
 wov5 texture ( ev]yday1 home &  bus9ess
 life1 !re may be drawn ?reads ( sc>let1
 crimson1 blue &  gold1 until _!        
homespun walls become radiant ) =m &    
color  wor?y to decorate ! royal        
*amb]--! *amb] ( _! k+1 ,god !  ,fa!r ( 
e>ne/ s\ls4    ,*autauqua d5\nces ! talk
 ( c]ta9 ri* m5 ab\t ! 8poor  hav+ _!   
place10 & t x w\ld be 8bett] = work+ p  
to  conf9e !mselves to "w1 or at be/ to 
und]/& subjects be>+  entirely on _!    
ev]yday duties 9 field or %op1 & let    
sci5ce &  lit]ature alone40 ,*autauqua  
w\ld make work+ m5 cultivat$1 & give  !m
 recreation f manual toil 9 realms (    
wond]1 ta/e1 sci5ce1  lit]ature & art4  

,*autauqua w\ld spread out ov] ! lot ( !
  toil] a dome1 va/1 radiant1 ri* &     
inspir+4    ,!re=e ! ,*autauqua ,s*ool (
 ,lib]al ,arts has be5 organiz$1  &     
*>t]$ ) full univ]sity p[]s1 =          
non-resid5t pupils1  :o1 by             
correspond5ce ) compet5t in/ructors1 may
 /udy :at !y  please1 :5 !y please1 & z 
!y please1 elicit+ sugge/ion1 &  giv+   
answ] & !sis1 tak+ all ! "t !y ne$1     
pass+ f9al  exam9ation 9 writ+ 9 !      
pres5ce ( witnesses1 & hav+ _!          
exam9ation pap]s subject$ to ! scrut9y (
 compet5t & imp>tial  critics4 ,:51 aft]
 ! requir$ /&>d 9 ! sev]al dep>tm5ts    
:i* con/itute ! college c\rse has be5   
atta9$1 :e!r 9 f\r1  or t51 or f\rte5   
ye>s1 ! successful c&idate %all h 8     
diploma & 8 degree2 & ?r\gh ?is w9d[ he 
has con/ruct$ out  ( all ^! fragm5ts (  
"t--fragm5ts pick$ up f du/y floor &    
pavem5t1 f m9e1 & field1 & %op--?r\gh   
?is w9d[ ! light  %all %9e 9 its beauty1
 & p %all see :at g5ius1 indu/ry &      
p]si/5t w c d ) ! ca/ away fragm5ts (   

sp>e mom5ts &  r&om opportunities4    ,i
 h ?us describ$ ! 8,upp] ,*autauqua40   
,by reason ( ! action  ( ! ,bo>d (      
,manag]s1 else:]e report$1 ! plan (     
gradation is  slightly *ang$ f t laid   
d[n 9 ! previ\s article on !  8,upp]    
,*autauqua10 & ! foll[+ successive /eps 
are f\nd 9 !  s*eme ( ! ,*autauqua      
,univ]sity3    #a4 ,! ,,assembly1       
includ+ ! summ] meet+s1 ! 8,plat=m10 8! 
,am]ican ,*ur* ,sunday-s*ool ,normal    
,c\rse10 ! 8,s*ool ( ,languages10  & !  
8,tea*]s' ,retreat40    #b4 ,! ,,circle1
 embrac+ ! 8,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c40    #c4 ,!  
8,,inn] ,,circle10 to :i* !y belong :o1 
hav+ sev5 seals on  _! diploma1 are     
memb]s ( ! 8,league ( ! ,r\nd-,table40  
#d4 ,! 8,,univ]sity ,,circle10 ) its    
8,s*ool ( ,lib]al ,arts10 & !  8,s*ool (
 ,!ology40    ,,new ,,hav51 ,,conn41    
,febru>y #f1 #ahhe4          ,,outl9e   
,,( ,,requir$ ,,read+s4      ,,m>*1     
#ahhe4    ,fir/ ,week 7end+ ,m>*        
#h74--a4 8,college ,greek ,c\rse10 f    
page #ahg  to #baf4    #b4 8,*emi/ry10  

*apt]s ,,ix & ,x4    #c4 8,! ,circle ( !
 ,sci5ces10 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan4    #d4  
,sunday ,read+s = ,m>* #a & #h1 9 ,,!   
,,*autauquan4           99       99     
99       99       99    ,second ,week   
7end+ ,m>* #af74--a4 8,college ,greek   
,c\rse10 f page #baf  to #bci4    #b4   
8,*emi/ry10 *apt]s ,,xi1 ,,xii & ,,xiii4
    #c4 8,temp]ance ,tea*+s ( ,sci5ce10 
9 ,,! ,,*autauquan4    #d4 ,sunday      
,read+s = ,m>* #ae1 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,?ird ,week 7end+ ,m>* #bd74--a4        
8,college ,greek ,c\rse10 f page #bci   
to #bfj4    #b4 8,*emi/ry10 *apt]s ,,xiv
 & ,,xv4    #c4 8,home ,/udies 9        
,*emi/ry & ,physics10 9 ,,!             
,,*autauquan4    #d4 ,sunday ,read+s =  
,m>* #bb1 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan4           
99       99       99       99       99  
,f\r? ,week 7end+ ,m>* #ca74--a4        
8,college ,greek ,c\rse10 f page #bfj   
to #bhd4    #b4 8,*emi/ry10 *apt]s ,,xvi
 & ,,xvii4    #c4 8,/udies 9 ,kit*5     
,sci5ce & ,art10 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan4    

#d4 ,sunday ,read+s = ,m>* #bi1 9 ,,!   
,,*autauquan4          ,,programs ,,=   
,,local ,,circle ,,"w4      ,,fir/      
,,week ,,9 ,,m>*4    #a4 ,blackbo>d     
illu/ration & full explanation ( !      
,greek !at]1  special att5tion be+ giv5 
to ! arrangem5t ( ! /age4 ,if  pref]r$1 
*>ts or pictures c be sub/itut$ = !     
blackbo>d4 ,z  aids to ?is "w           
,donaldson's 8,greek ,!at]10 conta9+    
*>ts &  illu/rations1 & ,mahaffy's      
8,classical ,greek ,lit]ature0 w be f\nd
  v helpful4    #b4 ,essay--,george ,w4 
,cable & 8 ,works4    ,music4    #c4    
,selection--8,! ,gorgon's ,head10 f\nd 9
 ,haw?orne's 8,wond] ,book40  ,?is /ory 
c be read 8turn ab\t0 by ! memb]s4      
,ref]5ce is made to  ! headless ,gorgon1
 on page #baj ( 8,college ,greek        
,c\rse40    #d4 ,essay--,%rove ,tuesday1
 or ,m>di ,gras1 z obs]v$ 9 ,new        
,orleans4    #e4 ,a ,pap] on ,great     
,salt ,m9es & ,spr+s4    #f4 ,critic's  
,report4      ,,second ,,week ,,9 ,,m>*4
    #a4 ,essay--,sir ,humphrey ,davy4   

#b4 ,selection--8,an ,acc\nt ( ,sappho40
 ,by ,addison4    #c4 ,a ,pap] on       
,canadian ,w9t] ,sports4    ,music4     
#d4 ,a ,half-h\r's ,quiz on ! ,read+s ( 
! ,mon?4    #e4 ,essay--,! ,life (      
,euripides4    #f4 ,"q ,box4      ,,?ird
 ,,week ,,9 ,,m>*4    #a4 ,fifte5       
,m9utes' ,talk on ,balloons & _! ,uses4 
#b4 ,selection--8,on ,great ,natural    
,g5iuses40 ,by ,addison4    #c4 ,"*     
,sket*--,ignatius ,loyola4    #d4 ,a    
,pap] on ! ,a!nian ,orators4    ,music4 
#e4 ,g5]al ,conv]sation on ! ,news ( !  
,day4    #f4 ,! ,que/ions & ,answ]s = ! 
,mon? 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan4      ,,mon?ly 
,,p>lor ,,meet+4    ,music4    #a4 ,roll
 call--,quotations f ,greek ,au?ors4    
#b4 ,a ,map ,ex]cise4 ,trace ,philip's  
conqu]+ m>*1 z indicat$ by  ,demo/h5es 9
 8 ?ird ,olyn?iac oration4    #c4       
,essay--,demo/h5es4    ,music4    #d4   
,an ,analysis ( ,t5nyson's 8,pr9cess40  
#e4 ,a ,pap] on ! ,fam\s ,wom5 (        
,greece4    ,music4    #f4              
,debate--,resolv$1 t ! effects ( ! mod]n

 !at] comp>e  unfavorably ) ^? ( !      
anci5t4    ,music4           99       99
       99       99       99    ,x may n 
be amiss to foll[ our programs--:i* are 
int5d$ to be  m]ely sugge/ive--) a v    
%ort exposition ( our                   
program-philosophy4  ,x is n a heavy    
philosophy2 inde$1 x is s simple t we   
half  suspect we may be laugh$ at =     
call+ x a philosophy at all1 b  its     
pr9ciples1 we believe1 are true &       
useful2 z su* we (f]  !m4 ,accord+ to   
our ideas !re are f\r subjects :i* %\ld 
be  repres5t$ on ea* ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4    
program2 fir/ 9 ! li/ & 9  importance is
 ! week's or mon?'s read+1 its prom95t  
features1 its  sugge/ions1 its facts1   
its practical lessons2 second1 ! _w's "w
  ( to-day1 n m]ely its ev5ts ( public  
int]e/1 its s*emes &  disa/]s1 b its    
sci5ce1 inv5tion1 art1 lit]ature1       
morals1 social  life1 civilization1 its 
m5 & its mann]s2 to foll[ bo? ex]cises &
  cl9* :at has be5 sugge/$1 8good talk0 
ought to be an inv>iable  "p ( ea*      

ev5+'s "w4 ,take c>e t talk1 free1      
g5ial1  int]e/$ talk1 foll[s e p]=mance1
 or e program1 & be sure  t always      
8,music dwells      ,l+]+ & w&]+ on z   
lo? to die40    ,^! are ! f\r elem5ts   
necess>y to a good program4 ,z to h[ !y 
%all be treat$ we h also a !ory4 ,its   
fir/ pr9ciple is let  ev]y?+ be well    
done2 :ile ?or\gh1 d n g a/ray 9 dates &
  /ati/ics1 b g to ! po9t :i* y desire  
to make4 ,!n be bright  & int]e/+1 !    
?ird ess5tial 9 ea* p]=mance4 ,)al1 suit
  y\r !me & y\r treatm5t ( x to y\r     
audi5ce4 ,let ! subject be  ( common    
int]e/1 ! matt] nei!r s commonplace z to
 seem pu]ile  nor s te*nical z to be    
8ov] ! heads0 ( y\r auditors4 ,su* is   
our  program-philosophy4 ,a bett] y w   
und\bt$ly =mulate by practic+  ?is4     
,,local ,,circles4      ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 
,,mottoes4    8,we ,/udy ! ,^w & !      
,works ( ,god40--8,let u keep our       
,heav5ly  ,fa!r 9 ! ,mid/40--8,nev] be  
,disc\rag$40      ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4       
,,memorial ,,days4        #a4 ,,op5+    

,,day--,octob] #a4        #b4 ,,bryant  
,,day--,novemb] #c4        #c4 ,,special
 ,,sunday--,novemb]1 second ,sunday4    
#d4 ,,milton ,,day--,decemb] #i4        
#e4 ,,college ,,day--,janu>y1 la/       
,?ursday4        #f4 ,,special          
,,sunday--,febru>y1 second ,sunday4     
#g4 ,,f\nd]',s ,,day--,febru>y #bc4     
#h4 ,,longfell[ ,,day--,febru>y #bg4    
#i4 ,,%aksp]e ,,day--,april #bc4        
#aj4 ,,addison ,,day--,may #a4          
#aa4 ,,special ,,sunday--,may1 second   
,sunday4        #ab4 ,,special          
,,sunday--,july1 second ,sunday4        
#ac4 ,,inauguration ,,day--,augu/1 fir/ 
,saturday aft] fir/ ,tuesday2           
anniv]s>y ( ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 at          
,*autauqua4        #ad4 ,,/4 ,,paul',s  
,,day--,augu/1 second ,saturday aft]    
fir/ ,tuesday2      anniv]s>y ( !       
d$ication ( ,/4 ,paul's ,grove at       
,*autauqua4        #ae4 ,,comm5cem5t    
,,day--,augu/1 ?ird ,tuesday4           
#af4 ,,g>field ,,day--,septemb] #ai4    
,regul>ity is necess>y to p]man5cy4     

,:atev] und]tak+ we desire  to make a   
p]man5t success1 we mu/ make regul>2    
:atev] we wi%  to d successfully1 we mu/
 d regul>ly4 ,a tiresome1 prosaic       
quality  we are apt to consid] x1 & "o  
:i* re/ricts our fre$om4 ,!  regul>     
return ( small duties (t5 makes !m      
annoy+1 yet 9 l>ge  affairs regul>ity   
adds dignity & /r5g?4 ,x is ess5tial = !
  e/abli%m5t ( any in/itution4 ,a trite 
tru? ?is may be1 b trite  tru?s are n   
always appli$1 & x is = ! application ( 
?is  homily to local circles t we sue4  
,x is mo/ desirable t y\r local circle  
%\ld become durable4  ,n a club1 to :i* 
y c run 9 z y h leisure1 or :i* c  be   
adj\rn$ = o!r engagem5ts2 :i* %all run  
?is w9t]1 &  8p]haps10 8if no?+ happ5s10
 g on next w9t]4 ,n at all4 ,!re  is a  
high] idea embodi$ 9 ! plan4 ,! true    
ambition ( ea* memb]  ( a circle %\ld be
 to make x ! lit]>y association ( !     
community1 ! lead] 9 practical ideas1   
cle> ?9k+1 intellig5t  talk & ref9$     
mann]s2 b to rea* ?is goal ! circle     

meet+ mu/  be consid]$ too valuable to  
be omitt$ = any occasion :atev]4 ,its   
object is equal to t ( any in/itution 9 
! t[n4 ,if y wi% to  develop ?is idea1  
to e/abli% y\r circle1 to secure = x    
recognition  z a well f\nd$             
organization1 regul>ity 9 meet+ &       
att5dance  mu/ be secur$4 ,x is true t a
 social or religi\s ev5t sometimes      
happ5s = :i* c\rtesy seems to dem& an   
adj\rnm5t4 ,9 su* a  case x is q        
possible to select ano!r night4 ,! "o   
idea ^u  :i* we w\ld insi/ is t ! circle
 be consid]$ & conduct$  z a p]man5t    
in/itution1 t x be made ! intellectual  
c5t] (  y\r life4 ,h[ wond]ful an       
impetus to ?\ght & culture is su* an    
organization1 only ^? :o lack its       
influ5ce c tell4 ,"s ( !  e>ne/ lett]s  
:i* come to u f "t to "t give a         
sugge/ion (  :at a circle might be to   
lone read]s4 ,is !re n1 inde$1 9 ?is    
delightful lett] f ,,bulg>ia1 a h9t ( ! 
real value ( a circle1  a value :i* we s
 (t5 fail to appreciate8 ,x comes f an  

old  ,*autauqua fri5d--,miss ,l5na ,a4  
,s*5ck1 n[ a mission>y at ,,l(t*a1      
,,bulg>ia3 8,h[ gladly w\ld we report to
 y f ?is out-(-!-way  corn] ( ! e>? !   
organization ( a fl\ri%+ local circle4  
,b1  alas6 alas6 we c n boa/ ( ev5 a    
triangle or a /raight l9e1 only  a po9t1
 a m]e dot1 b a ?or\ghly loyal "o1 ke5ly
 enjoy+ ! good  ?+s ( ,,! ,,*autauquan1 
t mo/ welcome & highly priz$ ( all !    
:ite-w+$ fri5ds t come to u by mail4    
,?\gh s few 9 numb]1 we  keep ! vesp]   
h\rs & ! memorial days1 & beg9 ea* day  
happily  by devot+ ! "t f six to sev5 9 
! morn+ to ,*autauqua  read+1 & s we are
 inspir$ by glimpses ( *>m+ circles away
 9  ! homel&1 & by memories ( delightful
 summ]s ) our bless$  alma mat]1        
,*autauqua h]self4 ,be=e ano!r ye> rolls
 r\nd1 we  hope to h at lea/ a local    
triangle "h at ,l(t*a1 & p]haps a       
,bulg>ian translation ( "s (            
,*autauqua's be/ #8ideas4' ,_m ?+s      
might be said ( our new home & new "w1 b
 we rememb] ! delicate  sugge/ion giv5 9

 ! ,novemb] #8,local ,circle1' t #8no "o
 c\ld /ay  v long1' s ) he>tful greet+s 
to ! class ( '#hc & to all  good        
,*autauquans ! _w ov]1 we bid y adieu40 
,are n su* fri5ds ( ,*autauqua !        
prophecy ( a "t :5 !  "w %all encircle !
 e>?8 ,ea* mon? br+s signs ( its gr[?4  
,p>ticul>ly d we notice ?is mon? !      
spread ( ! "w 9 ,,canada4  ,! press is  
p>ticul>ly fri5dly to ! movem5t 9 !     
,prov9ces2  = example1 ! ,educational   
,weekly1 ( ,,toronto1 quotes ! ,globe  (
 t city z say+3 8,! ,*autauqua ,lit]>y &
 ,sci5tific ,circle  is n[ pretty well  
kn[n4 ,x has be5 9 op]ation s9ce #ahgh1 
&  has done a great deal ( good4 ,!     
ye>ly reunions at ,*autauqua h  come to 
be v pleasant & v pr(itable4 ,we und]/& 
t a  simil> summ] resort is to be       
in/itut$ 9 ,canada1 9 connection )  !   
read+ circles already e/abli%$ 9 !      
,dom9ion4 ,we wi% !  ent]prise all      
success40 ,mu* ( ! int]e/ 9 ,toronto is 
und\bt$ly  due to ! he>ty "w ( ,mr4 ,e4 
,gurney1 & ,mr4 ,lewis ,peake1 presid5t 

& secret>y ( ! 8,c5tral0 circle4 ,?is   
circle has rec5tly _h !  pleasure ( he>+
 a lecture on 8,a!nian ,lit]ature0 f    
,pr(essor  ,hutton1 ( ! ,univ]sity      
,college4 ,,london has also a v fl\ri%+ 
circle1 dat+ f ! fall ( #ahhc1 :5 x 0   
organiz$ ) a  memb]%ip ( ab\t =ty4 ,x is
 a mo/ heal?y sign ( gr[?1 :5           
reorganization f9ds a circle l>g] ?an :5
 x disb&$4 ,!  8,c5tral0 circle _h ?is  
=tune4 ,!y began ! pres5t ye> ) a       
memb]%ip ( =ty eight4 ,_! plans h be5   
mo/ happy2 ! vesp]  s]vices 9 !         
,*autauqua song books are us$ at e      
meet+1 &  quotations z responses to roll
 call2 *emical exp]im5ts are p]=m$  = !m
 by a pr(essor ( practical *emi/ry1 :o  
is a memb] ( !  circle1 & _! programs   
are full ( v>iety4 ,s important to !m   
is _! circle t !y made ,*ri/mas !       
occasion ( a special  meet+1 at :i* !y  
us$ ! ,*ri/mas vesp] & praise s]vice    
:i* appe>$ 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan =         
,decemb]4 ,! s]vice 0 foll[$  by an     
address & sev]al ent]ta9+ ex]cises4 ,?is

 is exactly !  "w :i* enhances ! value (
 ! circle1 bo? = ! memb]s &  = !        
community4 ,x raises a circle to ! po9t 
:]e x becomes !  m$ium ?r\gh :i* all    
extra social occasions may be obs]v$4 ,x
 makes  x n only a read+ club1 b a      
factor 9 ! social1 religi\s &           
intellectual life ( a community4    ,at 
,,d>tm\?1 ,,nova ,,scotia1 we le>n f a  
local pap]1 !re is also  an en]getic    
circle4 ,!y h done good "w 9 introduc+ !
 ,c4 ,l4  ,s4 ,c4 to ! public1 secur+ a 
notice ( a public vesp] s]vice1 an      
explanation ( ! "w !y are do+1 m5tion ( 
! circles 9 !  vic9ity1 & foll[+ _!     
in=mation by ann\nc+ _! next  meet+ ) a 
cordial invitation to ! public to be    
pres5t4    ,9 ,novemb] la/ two new      
circles 7 =m$ 9 ,,ma9e4 ,a 8,p9e ,tree0 
circle1 ( tw5ty-sev5 memb]s1 com+ f     
,,dov] & ,,foxcr(t4  ,^! beautiful      
villages are closely connect$ by cov]$  
bridges--!  ,piscataquis riv] fl[+      
betwe51 ?\gh x is a h>d matt] = a       
/rang] to see :]e "o beg9s or ! o!r     

ends1 s mu* l "o  village are !y4 ,a    
fri5dly way to live1 is x n8 ,^!        
classmates  h evid5tly le>n$ :at        
,?ack]ay f\nd out 9 ,london long ago--t 
8,a man ought to l 8 neighbors1 to be   
popul> ) 8 neighbors4 ,x  is a fri5dly  
he>t t has pl5ty ( fri5ds40 ,b we all   
le>n t 9  ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 ,! second is
 ! 8,simpson0 circle at ,,auburn1 :]e ! 
,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,l9dsay is presid5t4      
,sixte5 en?usia/s make up ! circle  :i*1
 s f>1 f9ds ! "w sugge/$ 9 ,,!          
,,*autauquan suffici5t =  its ne$s4     
,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & prosp]\s1 ?\gh n  
l>ge/ (  ,*autauqua circles1 is !       
8,baketel0 circle1 at ,,gre5l&1 ,n4 ,h4 
,x  is nam$ 9 honor ( its f\nd] & lead]1
 ,rev4 ,o4 ,s4 ,baketel1 an  old        
,*autauquan ( ! class ( '#hb4 ,!        
organization is v simple4  ,! lead]     
prep>es ! program = ea* ev5+1 & ! memb]s
 come  promptly4 ,no inflexible rule is 
adh]$ to1 b z mu* v>iety giv5  z        
possible4 ,t ! plan is mo/ successful we
 "k f a rec5t  lett] f a fri5d1 9 :i* he

 says ( ! "w3 8,our memb]s v>y 9  age f 
eighte5 ye>s to fifty-?ree1 & none are m
 en?usia/ic  ?an ! olde/ ones4 ,x makes 
"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ga!r+s  ev] br\ght   
toge!r 9 ! community1 & is furni%+ help 
to "s  ^: advantages 9 e>ly life 7 v    
limit$4 ,e memb] feels  l exclaim+      
#8,all hail ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4'0----,!     
8,web/]0 ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c41  ( ,,frankl91 
,n4 ,h41 is enjoy+ its second ye> (     
exi/5ce4 ,a good  int]e/ 0 ma9ta9$      
?r\gh\t la/ ye>1 & !y began ?is ye>'s   
"w promptly 9 ,octob]1 ) tw5ty-two      
active memb]s4 ,to !m  ! d9+ room table 
has reveal$ its wond]ful p[] to /imulate
  sociability & 8good talk40 ,!y h      
discov]$ its g5ial ways1 h[  x w always 
/ret* to make room = m & /ill m1 & h[ x 
seems to be always say+3 8,/ret* out y\r
 arms2 don't m9d j h[  y sit4 ,i %ield  
y\r position1 ,i am "h to help y all1 to
 br+ y  close toge!r1 to hold y\r books1
 to =bid y\r p>t+1 to compel y  to be a 
circle40 ,inde$1 we are glad ! 8,web/]0 
circle has le>n$ !  virtues ( a d9+ room

 = /udy & = fri5dl9ess4 ,maybe if !y  b 
analyz$ _! devotion to _! circle t /\t1 
wood5 fri5d  w\ld des]ve n a little ( ! 
honor1 & p]haps1 too1 x has help$  n a  
little 9 br++ 9 ! *ildr51 :i*1 !y write1
 are cr[d+  into ! ,*autauqua "w until !
 circle boa/s ev5 gr&*ildr54    ,!      
8,clio0 club ( tw5ty memb]s at          
,,newport1 ,,vt41 k9dly rememb]s ,,!    
,,*autauquan ) "o ( ! programs us$ at a 
rec5t public meet+4  ,! da9ty1 tassel$  
s\v5ir !y s5d u be>s a li/ ( ex]cises ( 
unusual ri*ness & v>iety4               
,,massa*usetts is gett+ h] circles into 
! press4 ,sc>cely a pap]  f )9 h] bord]s
 comes to our sanctum :i* does n conta9 
at lea/ "o item ( ,*autauqua import4 ,! 
,melrose ,j\rnal (  ,,melrose reports ! 
organization ( a circle ( fifte5 memb]s 
9 t  city4----,! ,woburn ,j\rnal notices
 ! "w ( ! circle !re 9 a  v appreciative
 notice3 8,! =tnightly meet+s ( ! ,fir/ 
,woburn  ,*autauqua ,lit]>y & ,sci5tific
 ,circle are be+ well att5d$ &  !       
ex]cises are v pr(itable intellectually 

& ! /ud5ts are  do+ good "w4 ,two weeks 
ago ! ,rev4 ,*>les ,&]son gave a v      
int]e/+ talk on ,pr(4 ,s*liemann's rec5t
 explorations 9 ,myc51  & ,hiss>lik1 !  
suppos$ site ( anci5t ,troy4 ,at "s     
meet+ 9  ! ne> future ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,e4   
,w9%ip1 a true ,*autauquan1 connect$  ) 
! #8,new ,we/ ,education ,commission1' a
 ?or\gh s*ol> & a  v int]e/+ speak]1 w  
lecture on #8,lit]>y ,clubs' be=e  !    
memb]s ( ! circle40----,! ,saturday     
,union1 ( ,,lynn1 speaks (  ! ?or\gh "w 
_! circle is do+ 9 *emi/ry4----,!       
,ipswi*  ,*ronicle highly comm5ds !     
,milton memorial held by ! 8,masconomo0 
circle ( t city4 ,by ! way1 ! "n ( ?is  
circle br+s back  an int]e/+ bit ( e>ly 
,massa*usetts hi/ory4 ,x 0 ! ,indian    
,masconomo1 or ,masconnomet--f :om !    
circle is nam$--:o1 9 #afch1  8sold 8   
fee 9 ! soil ( ,ipswi*0 = #bj1 to ,john 
,w9?rop1 ,jr4 ,&  "h 0 e/abli%$ ! t[n   
:i* ! ,indians call$ ,agawan 78fi%+     
/ation071 & to :i* ! :ite m5 gave ! "n (
 ,ipswi*4----,!  ,salem ,gazette1 too1  

gives notices ( two bran*es ( ! ,c4 ,l4 
,s4 ,c4 9  t city4 ,ab\t =ty memb]s are 
9 ea* ( ^! societies4----,sev]al  new   
circles we h ! pleasure ( add+ to our   
visit+ book4 ,at  ,,m]rimac a circle (  
sev5te5 memb]s has be5 =m$1 ) ! happy   
title ( ! 8,hale0 circle4 ,! fir/       
circle1 s f> z we "k1 :i*  has honor$   
itself by assum+ ! "n ( our e/eem$      
c\nselor4 ,!y  %\ld be glad !y wait$2 s 
good a "n does honor to anybody1 &      
ought to be an om5 ( future             
prosp]ity4----,! 8,eaton0 circle1 nam$ 9
  honor ( ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,f4 ,eaton1 beg9s 
life ) sev5ty memb]s4 ,its home  is     
,,wal?am--city ( wat*es4 ,if ! _s ( !   
t[n is to be ! _s  ( ! circle1 wond]ful 
results w c]ta9ly be =?com+4----,la/    
,octob] a few ( ! _m /ud5ts 9 ! ,c4 ,l4 
,s4 ,c4 9 ,,worce/]  organiz$ a local   
circle4 ,by ! p]sev]ance ( ^! few1 o!rs 
h be5 p]suad$ to take ! c\rse1 until !  
circle numb]s ab\t  sixte54 ,!y h tak5 !
 "n ( ! 8,w>r50 local circle1 9 honor  (
 ,bi%op ,w>r54----,at ,,prov9cet[n a    

company ( t51 five ladies &  five       
g5tlem51 met on ! ev5+ ( ! sixte5? (    
,decemb] la/1  to =m a local circle4 ,! 
meet+s h occurr$ e week s9ce2  ! circle 
has adopt$ ! "n ( 8,mayfl[]40 ,! meet+s 
are full  ( int]e/1 & ! memb]s are busy 
try+ to make up ! read+ (  ! pa/ mon?s4 
,all are memb]s ( ! class ( '#hh except 
"o1 :o  belongs to ! class (            
'#he4----,,s\? ,,g>d5 reports a circle  
organiz$ a  ye> ago1 b :i* has nev] be5 
notic$ 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan be=e4  ,x is a
 8,pansy0 class--all ! fifte5 memb]s    
belong+ to ! class  ( '#hg4----8,n      
,*autauquans = f\r ye>s only1 b         
,*autauquans =  life10 ! fri5ds at      
,,holbrook subscribe !mselves4 ,_! motto
 grew  out ( ! ardor ( a lady memb] ( ! 
circle :o1 :5 at a rec5t  meet+ some?+ 0
 said ab\t a f\r ye>s' c\rse1 said3 8,i 
%all  n consid] t ,i h f9i%$ ! c\rse at 
! end ( f\r ye>s4 ,i  = "o am go+ to be 
a ,*autauquan z long z ,i live40 ,a "r  
royal  motto1 is x n8----,! ,,wakefield 
circle s5ds a program ( a meet+ 9  :i*  

we are glad to notice t pres5t affairs g
 side by side )  discussions ( ,grecian 
hi/ory & art & lit]ature4 ,! subjects = 
essays include a 8,review ( ,curr5t     
,affairs 9 ,massa*usetts10 8,!  ,p5sion 
,problem10 etc4 ,! hi/ory t is mak+     
c]ta9ly des]ves our  att5tion1 z well z 
! hi/ory ( ! pa/4----,,nor? ,,cambridge 
also  s5ds ! program :i* !y prep>$ = !  
,janu>y meet+s ( !  8,longfell[0 circle4
 ,9 addition to _! regul> "w1 !y add$ ! 
novel feature ( a talk on newspap] "w1 f
 a practical newspap]  man4----,! la/ ( 
?is mon?'s ,massa*usetts reports conta9s
 a mo/  capital h9t4 ,,auburndale is !  
home ( a fl\ri%+ circle1 :i*  among its 
o!r good features has a con/itution4 ,"o
 ( ! articles (  ?is con/itution is !   
sugge/ion :i* x w please u to h y  all  
pond]4 ,x reads3 8,a %ort report ( !    
condition ( our society  %all be =w>d$  
twice a ye> to ,,! ,,*autauquan40 ,d y  
all take  ! h9t8 ,p]haps "o secret ( ?is
 en]getic article is ! ne>ness  (       
,auburndale to ,fram+ham--s ne> is x t  

all ! memb]s ( !  circle w5t to !       
,assembly la/ ye>4 ,to ,massa*usetts1   
too1 belongs !  honor ( ! foll[+ m]ry   
,*autauqua fea/1 ( :i* a fri5d f        
,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i41 has writt5 u3      
8,sp5d+ a few days 9 ,,rockl&1  ,,mass41
 ,i 0 invit$ to visit ! #8,%]w9'        
,*autauqua ,circle1 & be+  a true-blue  
memb] ( ! #8,clio' ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 (    
,provid5ce1 ,i 0 joyful  9 accept+4 ,!  
ex]cises 7 ( a mo/ novel & int]e/+ k9d1 
& unusually pleas+ to me1 z ,i 0 an old 
acqua9tance ( ,pr(4  ,%]w94 ,s9ce ?is   
society 0 in/itut$1 "s two ye>s ago1 b  
"o  repres5tative ( ! po/]ity ( ! circle
 has be5 born1 & !  memb]s ( ?is        
ent]pris+ circle %[$ _! appreciation (  
,pr(4  ,%]w9's noble "w 9 ! good cause  
by nam+ ?is gift aft] him4  ,an elegant 
gold lace p9 _h be5 made to ord]1 ) !   
initials ,c4  ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 neatly engrav$
 ^u x1 & t ev5+ ! pres5tation 0  made4  
,aft] ,*autauqua greet+s _h be5 ex*ang$1
 ! baby ,%]w9  0 call$ =1 & made 8      
appe>ance1 rid+ on 8 "m's arm1 z  wise &

 dignifi$ 9 behavior z a y\?ful ,solon4 
,"o ( ! frolicsome  ,*autauqua dames !n 
read ! foll[+ =mal rhyme3        8#8,!re
 7 "s fair dames ( ,*autauqua1       ,_!
 possessions 7 lovely to see1           
,betwe5 y & me2       ,!y _h jewels (   
gold1       ,( value untold1       ,^!  
elegant dames ( ,*autauqua2       ,b    
*ildr5 7 few1       ,y sc>ce f9d "o or  
two       ,9 ! homes ( ^! dames (       
,*autauqua4       ,& sad 7 ! dames (    
,*autauqua       ,:5 !y read ( !        
,grac*us1       ,( ,cupid & ,bac*us1    
,! lesson seem$ fill$ up ) mock+4       
,!y long$ = a son1       ,s ! gods s5t  
!m "o1       ,full ( frolic & fun1      
,s5t a son to ^! dames ( ,*autauqua4    
,!n :at joy 9 ! circle ,*autauqua6      
,:at pans 7 sung1       ,& ,*autauqua   
bells rung1       ,to welcome ! lad (   
,*autauqua6       ,/raight !y gave him a
 "n1       ,%]w9 ,burrill ! same--      
,^! frolicsome dames ( ,*autauqua6      
,n[1 !y badge him ) gold1       ,s t :5 
he is old1       ,!y c /ill claim _! son

 ( ,*autauqua4'0    ,at ,,s\? ,,man*e/]1
 ,,conn41 a mo/ enc\rag+ increase (     
memb]s  has tak5 place4 ,la/ ye> !      
circle numb]$ tw5ty1 ?is ye>  =ty-eight4
 ,su* gr[? is full ( promise = ! future1
 & yet x  is ! inevitable result (      
en?usia/ic memb]s & c>efully prep>$     
programs4----,! new circle at           
,,mansfield ,,c5t]1 ,,conn41 numb]s t5  
memb]s4 ,!y are expect+ a lecture on    
*emi/ry soon1 f ,pr(4  ,wa%burn1 ( !    
,nor? ,mansfield ,agricultural          
,college4----,! 8,newfield0 ,c4  ,l4 ,s4
 ,c4 ( ,,we/ ,,/rat=d1 ,,conn41 has     
rec5tly receiv$ ! foll[+  pleasant lett]
 f 8,pansy30                            
,,c>bondale1 ,,pa41 ,janu>y #f1 #ahhe4  
,de> ,fri5ds ( '#hg3        ,my ^w (    
greet+ to y mu/ comm5ce ) an apology4 ,!
      lett] f y\r secret>y f\nd me      
imm]s$ 9 "w4 ,! holiday      season br+s
 ^u me a heavy pressure ( c>e1 9        
addition to      ! usual r\t9e4 ,f !    
almo/ hopeless mass ( unansw]$          
lett]s :i* ,i h j ov]turn$ on my /udy   

table1 t (      y\r secret>y em]ges1 s  
,i seize x & make a beg9n+4 ,:at        
%all ,i say8 ,i might congratulate y on 
be+ memb]s ( t      great lit]>y circle1
 :i* v]ily seems de/9$ to rea* out      
its long arms & encircle ! _w--b to :at 
purpose w\ld      ?is be8        ,y     
already "k by exp]i5ce all1 & m ?an ,i  
c\ld tell      y ( its advantages1 & its
 f> rea*+ influ5ces4        ,:at !n1    
%all ,i1 9 ?is mom5t ( "t1 say to y :o  
are      classmates ( m9e8 ,%all ,i hope
 t y may be able to pass      ! ,gold5  
,gate & jo9 9 ! class song ( ! '#hgs1 & 
receive y\r diploma f ! h&s ( !         
,*autauqua *ief1      & enjoy all !     
delights ( ,comm5cem5t day8 ,t inde$ ,i 
he>tily wi%4 ,i hope to be !re & to     
clasp h&s ) y1      & give & receive    
greet+4        ,b ,i am consci\s :ile ,i
 write1 ( a high]1 /rong]1 holi]        
hope ?an t1 ev5 t e memb] ( y\r circle &
 ( all      ! great ,*autauqua ,circle  
may f9ally pass ! ,gold5 ,gate      t   
leads to ! palace ( ! ,k+1 & receive f  

him !      greet+ 8well done1 good &    
fai?ful s]vants10 & receive      f 8 h&s
 ! cr[ns laid up = ^? :o are 8call$1 &  
*os51 & fai?ful40        ,oh1 to be sure
 ( pass+ safely ?r\gh ! ordeal (        
exam9ation by ! ,judge6        ,:5 ,i   
?9k ( ! imm5se en?usiasm ( ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4
 ,c41 ,i      am glad4 ,i believe 9     
en?usiasm4 ,i believe 9 ! ,*autauqua    
,lit]>y & ,sci5tific ,circle4 ,yet ,i   
wond]1 (t51 :e!r we1      z ,*ri/ians1 c
 n le>n some?+ f ! eag]ness ( _m        
s*ol>s :o are n ( ! royal family1 & yet 
are eag] to      le>n all !y c1 ab\t our
 ,fa!r's h&iwork 9 e>? & air      & sky4
        ,i am writ+ long] ?an ,i meant4 
,i only want$ to say ?is3 ,let      u   
make sure ( clasp+ h&s at la/ 9 our     
,fa!r's h\se4                           
,y\rs 9 ,8 "n1                          
,,mrs4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,ald54--8,,pansy40      
,desir+ to promote ! int]e/s ( ! ,c4 ,l4
 ,s4 ,c41 ! ,*autauqua  circles ( ,rhode
 ,isl&1 numb]+ ab\t tw5ty-five1 h unit$ 
&  =m$ ! 8,rhode ,isl& ,*autauqua       

,union10 ) ! foll[+ (fic]s3  ,presid5t1 
,pr(4 ,john ,h4 ,appleton1 ,a4,m41 (    
,br[n ,univ]sity2 fir/ vice  presid5t1 !
 ,rev4 ,j4 ,hall ,mc,ilvaine1 pa/or ( ! 
,union ,congregational  ,*ur*2 second   
vice presid5t1 ,hon4 ,?os4 ,b4          
,/ockwell1 ,a4,m41 ,rhode  ,isl& ,/ate  
,commission] ( ,public ,s*ools2 ?ird    
vice presid5t1 ,levi  ,w4 ,russell1     
,a4,m41 ,pr9cipal ( ,bridgham ,s*ool2   
secret>y & treasur]1  ,wm4 ,d4 ,port]1  
,d4,d4,s41 all ( ,provid5ce4 ,!re h be5 
?ree new  circles =m$ ?is ye> 9         
,,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i41 "o ( !m be>+ !    
popul> "n ( 8,v9c5t40 8,hope0 circle1   
=m$ 9 #ahhb1 is /ill  9 a fl\ri%+       
condition4 ,!y 7 favor$ la/ mon? ) a v  
int]e/+ & in/ructive address by ,pr(4   
,appleton1 on 8,! ,value (  ! ,/udy ( ! 
,natural ,sci5ces40 ,! executive        
committee arrange !  ord] ( ex]cises &  
f9d ! mon?ly programs 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan
 (  great b5efit4 ,! circle has n[ ab\t 
sev5ty memb]s1 & mo/ ( !m  belong to !  
,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4----,ano!r newly organiz$

 circle ( ,provid5ce  is ! 8,esm]alda   
,ba*elor0 circle4 ,x numb]s tw5ty       
memb]s1 all  g5tlem51 & !y give z ! only
 excuse :i* x seems to u c\ld  be at all
 valid = =m+ a circle ( ba*elors1 t !y c
 get  m "y m5 into _! club by re/rict+  
its memb]%ip4 8,:itti]0  circle1 ( !    
same city1 has be5 reorganiz$1 & a mo/  
pleasant item  comes to u f !m4 ,on !   
bir?day ( ! belov$ poet1 ! circle  s5t  
to him z a s\v5ir a pap] weight (       
s]p5t9e1 f a qu>ry 9  ,newburg1 ,mass4  
,x _h be5 cut into a design ( oak leaves
 & acorns4  ,_! remembrance br\ght back 
a k9dly response f ,:itti]4----,a newly 
organiz$ circle also exi/s at ,,riv]    
,,po9t1 ,r4 ,i4 ,x 0 =m$ 9  ,octob] la/1
 & numb]s ?irty-five4 ,_! plan is t laid
 out 9 ,,!  ,,*autauquan4    ,! ,,new   
,,york circles are do+ wond]fully       
en]getic "w4 ,at ,,jordan  !re is a new 
& gr[+ organization ( tw5ty-f\r         
memb]s4----,at  ,,m$9a1 "o ( ?irte51 :i*
 has already begun to scatt] se$1  "s ( 
x s f> away z ! ,pacific coa/1 :]e our  

,m$9a memb]s  believe !y w soon h an    
(f%oot4----,! 8,wolcott0 ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4
 has  be5 organiz$ at ,,wolcott1 ) ov]  
?irty memb]s1 :o write mo/  en?usia/ic  
words ( ! b5efits !y h already          
receiv$4----,at  ,,brocton ! vet]an     
circle1 compos$ ( memb]s ( ! ,s4 ,h4 ,g4
 & ,c4  ,l4 ,s4 ,c41 held a delightful  
,milton memorial4----,at ,,ro*e/]1 !    
circle  :i* is connect$ ) ! ,academy (  
,sci5ce 9 t city1 w9s ?is  appreciative 
notice f a local pap]3 8,public s5tim5t 
9 favor  ( ! ,*autauqua movem5t is      
spread+ ) m>vel\s rapidity4 ,su*        
c]ta9ly is ! fact 9 reg>d to ! circle 9 
?is city4 ,!re are  n[ upw>d ( =ty      
memb]s enroll$1 & beside ^! a l>ge numb]
  ( p]sons att5d ! semi-mon?ly meet+s :o
 h n yet id5tifi$  !mselves ) ! regul>  
"w4 ,! practical b5efit d]iv$ f  ?is    
c\rse ( home /udy becomes m app>5t z x  
is inve/igat$1  con/antly confirm+ !    
wisdom ( its f\nd]s 9 sett+ 9 motion a  
plan = ! intellectual & moral elevation 
& culture ( ?\s&s  :o h only sp>e m9utes

 = su* an object40----,at ,,gl5s        
,,falls1 n  long ago1 ,*ancellor ,v9c5t 
greet$ 8 ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 pupils1 deliv]+
  8 lecture on 8,t ,boy & ,8 ,fri5ds10  
be=e !m1 & meet+  !m aft]w>d at a       
reception4----,at ,,ocean ,,grove1 !    
circle "u ,dr4  ,/okes's g5ial managem5t
 is do+ admirable "w4 ,a delightful     
social  0 rec5tly held by ! circle at ! 
,%eldon ,h\se4----,! ,,m>ion circle  has
 reorganiz$ ?is ye>1 /rong & hopeful z  
ev]4 ,says a memb]3  8,! #8,inn]        
,*autauqua' is tak+ a deep] hold ^u u   
ye> by ye>1  & we propose t our         
connection ) ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 %all     
cont9ue  indef9itely4 ,we are try+ to   
ext5d ! k ( x by di/ribut+  ! #8,popul> 
,educational ,circul>1' by ins]t+ an    
occasional item 9  our village pap]     
relat+ to ! do+s ( our circle1 z well z 
by  p]sonal conv]sation ) our fri5ds &  
acqua9tances40----,! circle at  ,,c>mel 
has also be5 reorganiz$1 ) sev5te5      
memb]s4 ,_! programs  %[ excell5t       
"w4----,at ,,s&y ,,hill1 dur+ !         

holidays1 a special  meet+ commemorat$ !
 season4 ,among ! ex]cises 0 a poem on  
8,!  ,triumph ( our ,language10 :i*     
des]ves special m5tion4----,! ,,brooklyn
  circle1 ( ,hansom ,place ,m4 ,e4      
,*ur*1 has increas$ its memb]%ip to  ov]
 "o hundr$4 ,x owes to ! ,rev4 ,george  
,e4 ,re$1 its presid5t1  ! l>ge         
increase4 ,hav+ outgr[n ! capacities (  
private p>lors1  !y h met lately 9 ^? ( 
! *ur*1 :]e1 :ile los+ "s  ( its m      
social elem5ts1 !re is a f> bett]       
opportunity = map  display & ! g5]al    
work+ ( ! mon?ly class4 ,foll[+ out !   
assignm5t ( an in/ruction committee1 !y 
f9d no lack ( will+  p>ticipants4 ,"o ( 
! mo/ popul> ex]cises is ! five m9utes' 
essay on "s p]son or incid5t connect$ ) 
! curr5t read+4  ,9 good h&s1 !         
in=mation cond5s$ is ( ! mo/ direct k9d1
  & at its conclusion an opportunity is 
giv5 ! class to ask any  que/ions       
relevant to ! topic4 ,all ?is is cle> k1
 & has  prov5 "o ( ! mo/ agreeable ( _! 
me?ods4----,at ,,=t ,,pla91 !  circle   

c>ri$ out on ,bryant day a highly       
enjoyable program4 ,t ?is  circle is    
en?usia/ic1 ! fact t "s ( its memb]s    
come f f\r  miles away1 is a pro(4----,a
 second ,new ,york circle :i* has enjoy$
 a  visit f ,*ancellor ,v9c5t1 & _h !   
pleasure ( t5d]+ him  a reception1 is t 
at ,,*a?am4 ,sev]al new memb]s h jo9$ ! 
circle !re1 ! result ( ! inspir+ talk   
:i* ! ,*ancellor gave  !m4----,!        
8,ionian0 circle ( ,,burl+ton1 ,n4 ,y41 
is w9n+ fri5dly  att5tion f ! local     
press1 its meet+s be+ notic$1 & its     
ex]cises comm5d$4----,! 8,v9c5t0 circle1
 ( ,,troy1 inv>iably s5ds out  to its   
memb]s1 on its ann\ncem5ts ( mon?ly     
meet+s1 "s bit (  inspir+ ?\ght4 ,on !  
,janu>y program we f9d ?is s5t5ce1      
useful1  we suspect1 = o!r ?an ,troy    
read]s3 8,rememb] ?is3 ,9 proportion z  
y put ?\ght & "w into ^! mon?ly meet+s1 
9 t proportion1  ) high int]e/1 w y draw
 out 9 enjoym5t & pr(it40    ,! local   
circle ( ,,bridgeville1 ,,pa41 0        
organiz$ ,novemb]1 #ahha1 )  a memb]%ip 

( ?irte54 ,dur+ ! int]v5+ ?ree ye>s !re 
h  be5 _m *anges1 b ! good "w has be5   
/eadily go+ =w>d4  ,! circle reorganiz$ 
,octob]1 #ahhd1 ) eight memb]s1 & has   
tak5  up ! "w ( ! ye> ) increas$ vigor1 
! meet+s be+ well  att5d$ & v int]e/+4  
,! mon?ly meet+s are held 9 !  village  
*ur*1 ?\gh none ( ! memb]s live 9 !     
village1 "s  hav+ to travel ! di/ance ( 
two miles to att5d ! meet+s4----,at     
,,read+1 ! 8,cleav]0 circle has be5     
reorganiz$1 ) d\ble its old  memb]%ip4  
,_! program !y make v int]e/+1 by       
introduc+  v>iety into !                
ex]cises4----,n9e ladies & g5tlem5 =m$  
la/ fall  ! 8,ca/elian0 circle1 9       
,,philadelphia4 ,happy are !y to h a    
l>ge  map ( ,greece4 ,:at a treasure x  
is to a circle ^! days6    ,! 8,m]idian0
 circle1 ( ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 has be5  
hav+ a fea/ (  good ?+s4 ,h[ c x help x8
 ,x lives 9 ,wa%+ton1 & ,wa%+ton  (f]s  
peculi> advantages to lit]>y & sci5tific
 clubs1 n only  on acc\nt ( its imm5se  
pr(essional libr>y & l>ge sci5tific     

collections 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution 
& ,national ,museum1 b  also ?r\gh !    
p]sonnel ( ^! in/itutions & ( ! _m  o!r 
sci5tific bureaus ( ! gov]nm5t1 :o1 mak+
 lit]ature or  sci5ce _! daily vocation1
 af=d a l>ge field f :i* to draw        
essayi/s & exp]im5tali/s ( a high ord]4 
8,m]idian0 circle has  be5 =tunate 9    
avail+ itself ( ^! advantages4 ,la/ ye>1
 dur+  ! c\rse 9 vegetable biology1 !y  
_h an ev5+'s in/ruction 9  ! microscopic
 exam9ation ( bioplasm1 by ,dr4 ,d4 ,s4 
,lamb1 ! em95t  anatomi/ ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,m$ical ,museum1 :o _h *>ge ( !  
autopsy ( ,presid5t ,g>field4 ,?is ye>1 
at _! la/ meet+ 9  ,novemb]1 !y _h an   
essay f ,mr4 ,lee ,%idy1 ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates  ,coa/ ,survey1 on 8,! ,tides10 a
 mo/ int]e/+ subject1 & mo/  int]e/+ly &
 ably illu/rat$ & expla9$4    ,a        
sev5-ye>s-old circle c]ta9ly des]ves a  
w>m corn] by ,,!  ,,*autauquan',s       
fireside4 ,mo/ cordially d we grant x1 =
 we mi/ru/  t a circle s exp]i5c$ w be  
unusually good company1 & w  be able1   

too1 to give u "s sugge/ions ( value4 ,x
 is ! 8,trojan10  ( ,,troy1 ,,ohio1 :i* 
claims ?is r>e di/9ction1 & we believe  
we  are n wrong 9 say+ t _! hi/ory w be 
( great int]e/  to all4 ,! #8,trojan'   
circle 0 organiz$ ) a l>ge memb]%ip 9   
#ahgh4 ,eight memb]s graduat$ 9 #ahhb1  
five ( !m be+ at ,*autauqua  t season4  
,9 ! fall ( t ye> ! circle increas$     
greatly1  & has be5 gr[+ 9 int]e/ ev]   
s9ce4 ,n[ x numb]s ?irty-two  memb]s4   
,_! plan ( "w is z foll[s3 ,!y op5 )    
s++1 &  responsive read+ f #8,*autauqua 
,songs4' ,at roll call ea* memb] is     
expect$ to respond ) a ,bible v]se4 ,!  
que/ions 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan  on ! week's
 lesson are ask$1 & also orig9al te/    
que/ions f  "s or all ( ! memb]s1 on !  
read+s4 ,sometimes ! circle reads       
alt]nately f "o ( ! text-books1 or f ,,!
 ,,*autauquan4 ,!y  always h a critic1 &
 a committee ( two t gives a dige/ ( !  
topics ( ! times1 (t5 9 ! =m ( que/ions1
 :i* ?us makes  a pleasant conv]sazione4
 ,memorial days are fai?fully rememb]$  

& made int]e/+ & attractive by essays1  
read+s1 recitations1  & music4----,at   
,,p]rysburg1 ,,ohio1 t5 p]sons are 9 !  
circle1 :i*  has be5 9 exi/5ce = ab\t   
f\r ye>s4 ,"o ent]ta9+ feature  is      
novel4 ,occasionally a pap] ( int]e/+   
g5]al news is add$ to  ! program4 ,! "q 
box1 too1 is made a feature ( ea* ev5+1 
a practice :i* is always wor? all ! "w x
 takes4 ,memorial days  f9d pleasant    
obs]vance1 ! ,milton memorial be+       
celebrat$ )  peculi>ly pleas+ ex]cises4 
,! circle is rejoic+ 9 _! read+s1       
consid]+ !m ( great b5efit4    ,,mi*igan
 advances ) a goodly li/ ( new circles  
?is mon?4 ,at  ,,petoskey !re are f\rte5
 memb]s =m$ into a circle4 ,^! fri5ds  h
 ! invigorat+ influ5ce ( ! ,bay ,view   
summ] ,assembly to help  _! "w4----,at  
,,hudson1 a delightful company (        
?irty-five has =m$  ! 8,c>leton0 circle1
 ! "n be+ giv51 ( c\rse1 9 honor ( !    
popul> poet1 ,w ,m4 ,c>leton1 ^:        
bir?place & e>ly home 7 9  ,hudson4     
,r\nd-,tables ) g5u9e 8at home0 feel+1  

recitations1 select  read+s1 "q box1    
qu]ies1 criticisms & quotations make !  
meet+s full ( life & v>iety4 ,! program 
= an ev5+ is always  publi%$ 9 ! local  
pap]s at lea/ two weeks be=eh&1 & a     
report  ( ea* meet+ is slipp$ 9 aft] ea*
 session1 s t ! p  c n =get ! exi/5ce ( 
! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 ,at an e>ly meet+  our
 fri5ds are go+ to take a trip to       
,naples & return4----,/rong             
organizations h be5 =m$ at bo?          
,,kalamazoo & ,,saugatuck4 ,at !  =m]   
place ! 8,burr ,oak0 circle has tw5ty   
memb]s1 & at ! latt]1  a lovely t[n ab\t
 two miles up ! ,kalamazoo ,riv]1 !     
circle1 ?\gh  small1 is gr[+4 ,! use :i*
 !y make ( our columns seems to u  v    
good4 8,,! ,,*autauquan is our #8guide &
 c\nselor1' & ?\gh we  d n foll[ closely
 its outl9e = local circles1 yet we nev]
 prep>e  a program )\t its aid40----,9 !
 l& ( ! arbutus1 at ,,trav]se  ,,city1 !
 8,arbutus0 circle1 ( tw5ty memb]s1 has 
be5 organiz$4 ,a  pretty monogram has   
be5 design$ = !m1 & x is to be pr9t$  ^u

 ! s]mon pap] :i* ! memb]s use = essays 
& reviews4  ,^! contributions are !n to 
be b\nd 9 pap] cov]s & fil$4 ,an        
int]e/+ collection x w c]ta9ly make4 ,! 
gr[? ( our language  has be5 furni%+ ?is
 circle ) "s int]e/+ topics4    ,!      
8,v9c5t0 local circle ( ,,lafayette1    
,,ind41 has ent]$ ^u its  f\r? ye>1 )   
=ty memb]s1 ?ree ( :om are ,c4 ,l4 ,s4  
,c4 graduates1  b rema9 active 9 ! "w4  
,! presid5t1 ,pr(4 ,craig1 & vice       
presid5t1 ,pr(4 ,?ompson1 bo? ( ,purdue 
,univ]sity1 are ?or\ghly  int]e/$ 9 !   
"w4 ,! program is prep>$ a mon? 9       
advance4 ,!y  are foll[+ ! sugge/ions 9 
,,! ,,*autauquan1 l>gely4 ,! success (  
_! lecture c\rse la/ w9t] left ! society
 ) funds suffici5t  to r5t a room1      
c5trally locat$1 = ! regul> meet+s4 ,!  
vice  presid5t1 a ,pr(essor ( ,art1     
rec5tly pres5t$ ! circle ) a t]ra  cotta
 m$allion ( ,dr4 ,v9c5t1 8 own "w4 ,x   
has be5 h&somely  fram$ & hung 9 _!     
room4    ,f ,,%eldon1 ,,ill41 a fri5d   
writes3 8,we h a local circle ( ab\t    

tw5ty-five memb]s & great int]e/ is tak5
 9 ! ex]cises4 ,we  usually foll[ y\r   
program4 ,n hav+ />t$ until aft] ,octob]
 #a/1  & hav+ be5 delay$ 9 obta9+ our   
books1 has ?r[n u beh9d  "s1 /ill we are
 mak+ up lo/ gr\nd bett] ?an            
expect$40----,at ,,crete  a circle has  
/>t$ (f ) tw5ty-six memb]s--_m ( !m "y  
p1 to :om ! c\rse has be5 j :at !y      
ne$$4----,,ab+don also  has a society ( 
tw5ty-?ree memb]s4 ,sev]al read]s h be5 
!re  9 pa/ ye>s1 b n until n[ has !re   
be5 a circle4 ,! *emi/ry  read+s are    
furni%+ an excell5t opportunity =       
exp]im5ts1 & !  ,ab+don circle are      
=tunate 9 hav+ a college laboratory to  
resort to  = exp]im5ts4    ,! circle ( !
 ,frankl9 ,av5ue ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*1         
,,m9neapolis1 ,,m9nesota1  has be5 =m$  
two ye>s & has n report$ until n[ to ,,!
  ,,*autauquan4 ,!y h an int]e/+ class (
 n9ete5 memb]s1 :o are  all v zeal\s 9 !
 "w4 ,! circle meets e ,monday ev5+ to  
review ! week's "w1 :i* !y are /udy+    
aft] ! plan laid out  9 ,,!             

,,*autauquan4    ,! circles (           
,,m9nesota1 &1 inde$1 ( ! entire        
nor?-we/1 are  reque/$ to s5d a note to 
,mr4 ,e4 ,p4 ,p5niman1 ,,/4 ,,paul1     
,,m9n41 /at+  :e!r !y w cop]ate 9 a plan
 = secur+ a ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 day  at ei!r
 ! ,r$ ,rock camp gr\nd1 ,lake          
,m9netonka1 or at ,:ite ,be>  ,lake4 ,! 
six circles ( ,/4 ,paul1 ^? (           
,m9neapolis1 ,hudson1 &  ,/illwat]1 h   
signifi$ _! will+ness to help c>ry out  
?is  excell5t idea4 ,su* a day w\ld be  
an ev5t ( greate/ int]e/  & value to !  
circles 9 t locality2 x w\ld ar\se      
flagg+  en?usiasm1 w\ld give e "o pres5t
 a fund ( new ideas1 & w\ld  spread !   
plan ( home read+ 9 _m homes :]e x is   
unkn[n4    ,we are v mu* pleas$ to he> f
 ,,bloomfield1 ,,i[a1 ( a circle1       
organiz$ 9 #ahhb1 b :i* has n be=e be5  
introduc$ to our  circles4 ,s9ce its    
organization its memb]%ip has increas$ f
 six  to fifte5 memb]s4 ,! memorial days
 are obs]v$ & mu* social life  enjoy$ by
 ! circle :i* promises t at no late day 

!re w be  m ?an "o organization ( ! ,c4 
,l4 ,s4 ,c4 9 _! city4    ,a late numb] 
( ,! ,daily ,regi/]1 ( ,,mobile1        
,,alabama1 conta9s an  essay on 8,! ,"* 
( ,milton10 :i* 0 read be=e "o ( !      
circles ( t city at a rec5t meet+4 ,_h  
we space we %\ld gladly  repr9t ?is     
excell5t pap]4 ,mobile has two societies
 read+ !  ,*autauqua c\rse1 & we hope t 
we %all soon receive full reports  f !m4
    ,a great deal ( en]gy is display$ by
 ! ,,desota1 ,,miss\ri1 circle4  ,few   
issues ( ! ,jeff]son ,wat*man come out  
)\t a notice ( its  meet+s4 ,a late     
numb] says3 8,! memb]s ( ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4  
,c4 are aga9  busily engag$ 9 _! "w aft]
 _! holiday vacation4 ,two meet+s  h    
already be5 held 9 ! new t]m1 bo? ( :i* 
7 enjoyable &  in/ructive1 & ! read+ (  
'#he is well "u way4 ,! numb] (  memb]s 
is ab\t ! same z la/ t]m1 z none aft]   
becom+ int]e/$  9 ! "w seem to h ! lea/ 
incl9ation to drop out ( ! circle1  b on
 ! contr>y become m & m int]e/$ &       
en?usia/ic4 ,!  program = ! next meet+ w

 be f\nd 9 ano!r "p ( ?is pap]40        
,,kansas q equals ,miss\ri1 h[ev]1 9 its
 ent]pris+ read]s4 ,a  lett] f a read]  
at ,,wak>usa rem>ks ( _! circle3 8,we   
numb] b  eight memb]s1 & are s scatt]$ t
 our circuit embraces sev]al  miles1 b  
hav+ adopt$ ! "n #8,olympian1' we hope 9
 "t to c>ry  (f a d\ble prize1 "o =     
intellectual atta9m5ts1 ! o!r =         
physical pr[ess exhibit$ 9 combat )     
,kansas mud4 ,?\gh we h  difficulties & 
disc\ragem5ts ev5 9 our own little      
circle1 we  are yet resolute &          
en?usia/ic4 ,at pres5t ! ,r\nd-,table is
 !  pr9cipal feature ( our              
meet+s40----,q z int]e/+ is a live      
report f ,,wy&otte3 8,al?\gh we h n be5 
report$ = ne>ly  a ye>1 our circle is n 
dead1 b ! int]e/ is increas+1 & we  are 
do+ bett] "w ?an ev]4 ,our memb]%ip     
numb]s tw5ty-five1  ) tw5ty subscrib]s  
to ,,! ,,*autauquan4 ,9 #ahhd we held   
=ty-sev5  meet+s1 & _h an av]age        
att5dance ( twelve4 ,) u1 z )  ne>ly all
 o!r circles1 ! great difficulty is to  

keep f hav+ too  mu* ( a sam5ess 9 our  
programs4 ,?us f> we h _h good success  
by  giv+ a committee *>ge ( ! lit]>y "w1
 :i* reports p]=m]s  & programs a week 9
 advance = regul> meet+s & ?ree weeks = 
memorial meet+s4 ,we sometimes v>y !    
ex]cises by devot+ an entire  ev5+ to "o
 subject4 ,we endeavor to h all roll    
calls answ]$ )  quotations1 & /imulate  
inquiry by hav+ a "q box1 ! cont5ts  (  
:i* are discuss$ at ea* meet+4 ,we      
obs]ve all memorial days1  & !y are a   
nev] fail+ s\rce ( int]e/4 ,on ,milton  
memorial  ! biography ( ,milton 0 giv5  
by ! circle1 ea* memb] tak+ up  ! hi/ory
 :]e ! =m] "o /opp$4 ,ea* memb] read a  
favorite  selection f ! au?or1 & !      
v>iety ( selections indicat$ a  v>iety (
 ta/e4 ,we make good use ( ! ,*autauqua 
songs1 & f9d t  ! s++ ( !m r5d]s a meet+
 s mu* ! m int]e/+1 &  !re is1 too1 a   
bond ( union 9 a /irr+ song4 ,our memb]s
 h tak5  ! lib]ty ( nam+ ?is circle !   
#8,pansy' circle1 z ne>ly all ( u  are  
memb]s ( ! #8,pansy' class40    ,we are 

sorry to 8skip0 ! wide space betwe5     
,kansas & ,cali=nia1 &  gladly /op at   
,,nordh(f1 ,,cal41 :]e we f9d ! 8,ojai0 
circle1 :i*  0 organiz$ la/ ,octob]4    
,al?\gh !y are only sev51 !y are all  9 
e>ne/ & full ( ! ,*autauqua _s4 ,!y meet
 once ea* mon?1  at ! homes ( ! memb]s4 
,!y are all busy p1 b are glad to  make 
"t = ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 read+1 :i* !y f9d
 adds a *>m to  busy lives4 ,!y hope to 
be able to p]suade _m ( _! fri5ds to    
jo9 !m4          ,,! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4    
,,classes4      ,,class ,,( #ahhe4--8,,!
 ,,inv9cibles40    8,press on1 rea*+    
aft] ^? ?+s :i* are be=e40    ,,(fic]s4 
,presid5t--,j4 ,b4 ,und]wood1 ,m]id51   
,conn4        ,vice ,presid5t--,c4 ,m4  
,ni*ols1 ,spr+field1 ,ohio4             
,treasur]--,miss ,c>rie ,h>t1 ,aurora1  
,ind4        ,secret>y--,miss ,m4 ,m4   
,canfield1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4            
,executive ,committee--,(fic]s ( !      
class4        ,class badges may be      
procur$ ( ei!r ,presid5t or ,treasur]4  
99       99       99       99       99  

,a v pretty program comes to u f a loyal
 8,inv9cible0 ( ,tol$o1  ,ohio1 ! ,rev4 
,h4 ,m4 ,bacon1 ! presid5t ( ! 8,bryant0
 circle ( t  city4 ,! program conta9s a 
six mon?s' outl9e ( "w4 ,x be>s !       
mottoes1 ! dates ( regul> meet+s1 & !   
memorial days4 ,a k9d (  ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4
 cal5d> :i* we imag9e any once hav+ _h  
w\ld f9d x  h>d to d )\t4           99  
99       99       99       99    ,miss  
,kimball writes our secret>y1 ,miss     
,canfield1 ( ,wa%+ton1 t !              
,inv9cibles--true to _! "n--are mak+ a  
spl5did record1 & t  ! class /&+ is     
excell5t4 ,%e says3 8,i ?9k !           
,inv9cibles may  well be pr\d ( _!      
record4 ,! prospect is t ! class w /&   
fully z high1 9 proportion to its size1 
z any ( ! o!r classes4  ,( c\rse we c n 
expect ! actual numb] ( graduates to    
rea* t  ( o!r classes1 z ! :ole record$ 
memb]%ip is mu* small]40 ,let  ?is      
enc\rag+ news help u to 8press on10 &1  
classmates1 see to x  t all memb]s ( y\r
 local circles1 :o rightfully belong ) !

  '#hes1 h _! memor&a complet$ & s5t 9  
by ! fir/ ( ,july4           99       99
       99       99       99    ,( ^? :o 
expect to receive diplomas at           
,*autauqua1 =ty-"o1  repres5t+ fifte5   
/ates1 ,canada & ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1
 h  respond$ to ! reque/ to s5d _! names
 to ! secret>y4 ,let u  he> f y all1 t !
 li/ = 8roll call0 may be complete4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,"o '#he1 :o writes he lives alone ) 8  
bro!r 8away out 9 !  backwoods (        
,cali=nia10 regrets he c n be pres5t at 
,*autauqua1  b hopes to receive 8       
diploma at ,mont]ey4 ,f ! ,atlantic to !
  ,pacific ! pulse ( ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4  
is beat+ /rong & /eady4      ,,class ,,(
 #ahhf4--8,,! ,,progressives40    8,we  
/udy = light1 to bless ) light40        
,,class ,,organization4                 
,presid5t--,! ,rev4 ,b4 ,p4 ,sn[1       
,bidde=d1 ,ma9e4        ,vice           
,presid5ts--,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,c4 ,:itley1   
,salisbury1 ,m>yl&2      ,mr4 ,l4 ,f4   
,h\ghton1 ,peoria1 ,ill9ois2 ,mr4 ,walt]

 ,y4 ,morgan1      ,clevel&1 ,ohio2     
,mrs4 ,delia ,br[ne1 ,l\isville1        
,k5tucky2 ,miss      ,flor5ce ,f9*1     
,pale/9e1 ,texas4        ,secret>y--,!  
,rev4 ,w4 ,l4 ,au/91 ,new ,albany1 ,ind4
           99       99       99       99
       99        8,= light60 & 8)       
light60 z ! words we repeat1            
,yet full] & deep] ! message !y br+2    
,/ill ?r\gh e volume ea* l9e t we meet  
,9 und]tone e>ne/ our motto %all r+4    
8,= light0 d we pond] ! hi/ory va/      
,:i* spreads ?r\gh ! ages its sun%9e &  
%ade1      8,) light0 = ! pres5t1 we    
come f ! pa/1         ,) lessons ^:     
impress we c n evade4        8,= light0 
mu/ we /udy ! _m-hu$ l9es         ,:i*  
,greece ) h] delicate p5cil has trac$2  
,:ile ,rome ) h] pride & h] gr&eur      
comb9es         ,to deep5 ! picture no  
"t c efface4        8,= light0 at !     
portals ( ,nature we wait--             
,desc5d to h] rocks & m\nt up to h]     
/>s--       ,h] atoms diffuse & h] gases
 collate1         ,yet le>n1 z h]       

secrets %e sl[ly unb>s1         ,h[1    
fill+1 p]vad+1 encompass+ all1          
,/ill law--mighty law--?r\gh all sy/ems 
do? reign2       ,! _w & ! atom respond 
to its call1         ,! dewdrop & ocean 
are b\nd by its *a94        8,= light10 
above all1 :5 our vesp] has *im$1       
,we ba! 9 ! beams ( an unsett+ ,sun2    
,:5 ?us up ! ladd] ( pray] we h climb$1 
8,) light0 %all be bless$ _m ?\s&s ?r\gh
 "o4        8,= light60 & 8) light60    
'tis = ?is we w\ld live1         ,o fl+ 
our glad bann] abroad to ! sky6         
,tru?s won = ourselves unto o!rs we     
give1         ,till light nev]-cl\d$    
%all greet u on high4        ,,alice ,c4
 ,,j5n+s1 ,class ( '#hf4      ,,class   
,,( #ahhh4--8,,! ,,plym\? ,,rocks40     
8,let u be se5 by our de$s40    ,,class 
,,organization4        ,presid5t--,!    
,rev4 ,a4 ,e4 ,dunn+1 ,d4,d41 ,bo/on1   
,mass4        ,vice ,presid5ts--,pr(4   
,w4 ,n4 ,ellis1 #ajh ,gates ,av5ue1     
,brooklyn1      ,n4 ,y42 ! ,rev4 ,wm4   
,g4 ,rob]ts1 ,bellevue1 ,ohio4          

,secret>y--,miss ,m4 ,e4 ,taylor1       
,clevel&1 ,ohio4        ,treasur]--,miss
 ,m4 ,e4 ,taylor1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4      
,all items = ?is column %\ld be s5t1 9  
cond5s$ =m1 to      ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,c4     
,mc,lean1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,florida4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,badges = ! ,class ( '#hh sold only by  
,mrs4 ,rosie ,m4 ,baketel1  ,gre5l&1 ,n4
 ,h4 ,price1 #ae c5ts ea*4           99 
99       99       99       99    ,all   
memb]s :o h int]e/+ items ( class news  
%\ld s5d !m  promptly to ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,c4
 ,mc,lean4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,! foll[+       
circles ( ! ,class ( '#hh h be5 =m$1    
viz43  8,janes10 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41    
sixty-two memb]s2 8,v9c5t10 ,wyom+1     
,i[a1  ov] tw5ty memb]s2 8,wa%+ton      
,av5ue10 ,milwaukee1 ,wis41 f\rte5      
memb]s4 ,9 ,collam]1 ,ohio1 !re 0       
organiz$ a circle f\r ye>s  ago4 ,x has 
enjoy$ active vitality ev] s9ce1 & is n[
 do+ mo/  effici5t "w 9 a/ronomy4 ,ar\s$
 by ! la/ ,*autauqua ,assembly1  ne>ly  

?irty organiz$ a new circle4 ,all are ( 
! ,class ( '#hh1 except  "o ( '#hb1 "o (
 '#hc1 & five ( '#hf4 ,! latt] includes 
an old lady  9 h] #ha/ ye>1 :o is n only
 beautiful 9 "*1 b1 seem+ly1  z bright 9
 intellect z 9 ! m]idian ( life4 ,?is   
circle favors a  *ange 9 motto2 "o      
sugge/s 8,p]fect 9 pr9ciple1 9 practice 
pure40           99       99       99   
99       99    ,! ,florida ,*autauqua is
 n[ 9 session at ,lake de ,funiak1 &    
closes  ,m>* #i?4 ,! program is v>i$ &  
int]e/+4 ,we hope to report a  good     
increase 9 ! ,class ( '#hh at ! close ( 
! ,assembly4           99       99      
99       99       99    ,,i[a4--,i am   
enroll$ 9 ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 army1       
8,class ( '#hh40 ,n until  ! middle (   
?is mon? 7,decemb]7 0 ,i able to comm5ce
 my read+4  ,! prescrib$ c\rse ,i ?9k   
gr&1 & ,i c b feel grateful = a  plan s 
f> rea*+1 & s full & b5eficial 9 its    
results4 ,our  class motto is excell5t4 
,i am a busy f>m]1 b ,i %all make kn[n !
  advantages ( ! 8,*autauqua            

,univ]sity40          ,,que/ions ,,&    
,,answ]s4    ,,by ,a4 ,m4 ,,m>t91       
,g5]al ,secret>y ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4        
,i4--,,que/ions ,,& ,,answ]s ,,on       
8,,college ,,greek ,,c\rse ,,9          
,,engli%0--,,f ,,page  #ahg ,,to ,,end  
,,( ,,! ,,book4      #a4 ,q4 ,:o 0 !    
?ird memb] ( ! great tragical           
triumvirate (  ,greece1 s*ylus &        
,sophocles be+ ! o!r two8 ,a4           
,euripides4    #b4 ,q4 ,:5 0 ,euripides 
born1 & :at not$ battle took place ! ye>
  ( 8 bir?8 ,a4 #dhj ,b4 ,c41 9 ! ye> ( 
! battle ( ,salamis4    #c4 ,q4 ,:]e 7 !
 clos+ days ( ,euripides sp5t8 ,a4 ,at !
 c\rt (  ! k+ ( ,mac$onia4    #d4 ,q4   
,:o are two ( ! translators (           
,euripides8 ,a4 ,r4 ,pott]1 :o  has made
 a metrical translation1 & ,t4 ,a4      
,buckley1 :o has produc$ a  v]sion 9    
prose4    #e4 ,q4 ,f :at play (         
,euripides are ! mo/ ( ! extracts       
pres5t$  by our au?or tak58 ,a4 ,f !    
8,alce/is40    #f4 ,q4 ,"u :at title has
 ,rob]t ,br[n+ r5d]$ a v]sion (         

8,alce/is80 ,a4 8,balau/ion's           
,adv5ture40    #g4 ,q4 ,:o 0 ,alce/is8  
,a4 ,! wife & que5 to ,admetus1 k+ (    
,ph]1  9 ,!ssaly4    #h4 ,q4 ,by grace f
 ,apollo1 on :at condition 0 ,admetus   
grant$ !  privilege ( n dy+8 ,a4 ,on    
condition ( 8 be+ able to f9d "s  "o :o 
w\ld agree to die 9 8 /ead :5 8 turn    
%\ld come4    #i4 ,q4 ,:o became !      
requir$ sub/itute8 ,a4 ,alce/is1 ! wife 
(  ,admetus4    #aj4 ,q4 ,aft] h] dea?  
by :om 0 %e br\ght back to life & re/or$
  to h] husb&8 ,a4 ,by ,h]acles4    #aa4
 ,q4 ,f :at drama ( ,euripides does our 
au?or take a celebrat$  *orus1 9 "p     
eulogi/ic ( ,a!ns8 ,a4 ,! 8,m$ea40      
#ab4 ,q4 ,:o /&s alone z repres5tative  
to u ( ,greek com$y8 ,a4  ,ari/ophanes4 
#ac4 ,q4 ,:at two com$ies ( ,ari/ophanes
 reta9 = u m int]e/ ?an  p]haps any o!r 
( 8 works8 ,a4 8,! ,frogs0 & 8,!        
,cl\ds40    #ad4 ,q4 ,:o 7 ! especial   
t>gets ( ^! two com$ies respectively8   
,a4 ,euripides ( ! 8,frogs0 & ,socrates 
( ! 8,cl\ds40    #ae4 ,q4 ,:o is fir/ 9 

fame among anci5t lyric poets8 ,a4      
,p9d>4    #af4 ,q4 ,:at does ,sappho    
rema9 to ?is day 9 g5]al e/imation among
  ^? entitl$ to adjudge h] j rank1 f !  
v>i\s tru/wor?y  indications t survive8 
,a4 ,! =emo/ woman ( g5ius 9 ! _w4      
#ag4 ,q4 ,:at is ! only complete poem t 
has come d[n to u f  ,sappho8 ,a4 ,!    
8,hymn to ,aphrodite40    #ah4 ,q4 ,on  
:at does ! fame ( ,simonides *iefly re/8
 ,a4 ,on 8  epigrams4    #ai4 ,q4 ,:at  
is ! mo/ celebrat$1 p]haps1 ( all !     
epigrams (  ,simonides8 ,a4 ,t on !     
,sp>tan ,?ree ,hundr$ :o fell at        
,!rmopyl4    #bj4 ,q4 ,:at is ! great "n
 9 ,greek idyllic poetry8 ,a4 ,!ocritus4
    #ba4 ,q4 ,:at two o!r pa/oral poets 
are associat$ ) ,!ocritus1 9 a  k9d (   
p>asitic r5[n8 ,a4 ,bion & ,mos*us4     
#bb4 ,q4 ,f :at two idyls ( ,!ocritus   
does our au?or give  pres5tations8 ,a4  
,! 8,dea? ( ,daphnis10 & ! 8,fe/ival (  
,adonis40    #bc4 ,q4 ,:o is fir/ among 
! ma/]s ( eloqu5ce8 ,a4 ,demo/h5es4     
#bd4 ,q4 ,! "n ( :at o!r orator is      

associat$ ) t (  ,demo/h5es8 ,a4 s*9es4 
#be4 ,q4 ,:at are ! mo/ celebrat$ (     
,demo/h5es's public orations8 ,a4  ,!   
8,olyn?iacs10 ! 8,philippics10 & !      
oration on ! 8,cr[n40                   
,,ii4--,,que/ions ,,& ,,answ]s ,,on     
8,,*emi/ry10 ,,f ,,page #he ,,to ,,page 
#aef1  ,,inclusive4    #bf4 ,q4 ,:y is  
*lor9e a sub/ance ( v great comm]cial   
importance8  ,a4 ,on acc\nt ( its       
ext5sive use z a blea*+ ag5t4    #bg4   
,q4 ,( :at common article is *lor9e an  
important con/itu5t8 ,a4  ,salt4    #bh4
 ,q4 ,:at are ! ?ree mo/ /rik+ prop]ties
 ( *lor9e8 ,a4 ,its  noticeable         
weight--great] ?an t ( ! air--its gre5i%
 color1 &  its exce$+ly irritat+ odor4  
#bi4 ,q4 ,9 connection ) :at two        
pr9cipal prop]ties does *lor9e1 z  a    
*emical ag5t1 manife/ its activities8   
,a4 ,its aff9ity = hydrog5  & its       
aff9ity = ! metals4    #cj4 ,q4 ,( :at  
may ! sub/ance kn[n z blea*+-p[d] be    
spok5 9 a  g5]al way z consi/+8 ,a4 ,(  
lime saturat$ ) *lor9e4    #ca4 ,q4 ,:5 

0 brom9e fir/ recogniz$ z an elem5t>y   
sub/ance1 &  by :om discov]$8 ,a4 ,9 !  
ye> #ahbf1 by ,bal>d1 a ,fr5* *emi/4    
#cb4 ,q4 ,:]e does ! sub/ance brom9e    
occur8 ,a4 ,9 ! br9e ( !  ocean1 & 9 !  
wat] ( m9]al spr+s1 unit$ ) c]ta9 metals
 9  ! =m ( bromides4    #cc4 ,q4 ,to :at
 does brom9e %[ v decid$ resemblances1 9
 its  *emical relations8 ,a4 ,to *lor9e1
 hav+ aff9ities = ! same  sub/ances1    
only less 9 int5sity4    #cd4 ,q4 ,9 :at
 processes is brom9e an important       
sub/ance8 ,a4 ,9 !  processes (         
photography4    #ce4 ,q4 ,9 :at =m has  
brom9e _h a v wide & b5efic5t use1 z a  
rem$ial ag5t8 ,a4 ,9 ! =m ( potassic    
bromide4    #cf4 ,q4 ,:at is ! o!r memb]
 ( ! *emical family to :i* x may be     
said *lor9e & brom9e belong8 ,a4 ,iod9e4
    #cg4 ,q4 ,:]e are all ^! ?ree       
elem5ts f\nd8 ,a4 ,9 sea wat]4    #ch4  
,q4 ,f :at s\rce is iod9e obta9$8 ,a4 ,f
 sea we$s4    #ci4 ,q4 ,to :at are !    
*emical *>act]i/ics ( iod9e ?r\gh\t     
closely alli$8 ,a4 ,to ^? ( *lor9e & (  

brom9e1 only 9 g5]al1  iod9e may be said
 to h weak] *emical aff9ities ?an ei!r (
 !  o!r two4    #dj4 ,q4 ,:at are two ( 
! pr9cipal uses ( iod9e8 ,a4 ,9         
photographic  processes1 & z a rem$ial  
ag5t4    #da4 ,q4 ,:at rem>kable /atem5t
 is made ( fluor9e8 ,a4 ,t is has  nev] 
be5 kn[n to be produc$ isolat$1 t is1 9 
a sep>ate or  uncomb9$ =m4    #db4 ,q4  
,:at prop]ty above all o!rs is          
*>act]i/ic ( fluor9e8 ,a4  ,its /rik+   
aff9ity = silicon4    #dc4 ,q4 ,) :at   
sub/ance is fluor9e nev] kn[n to =m any 
comp\nd8  ,a4 ,) oxyg51 :i* c be said ( 
no o!r elem5t4    #dd4 ,q4 ,:at are ?ree
 consid]ations ^u :i* ! importance (    
oxyg5  dep5ds8 ,a4 ,! surpass+ abundance
 ( ! sub/ance itself1 !  great numb] (  
comp\nds into :i* x ent]s1 & ! activity 
( its  *emical p[]s4    #de4 ,q4 ,to :om
 is ! fir/ discov]y ( oxyg5 usually     
attribut$8 ,a4  ,dr4 ,joseph ,prie/ly1  
an ,engli% cl]gyman & /ud5t ( natural   
sci5ce4    #df4 ,q4 ,:at is ! mo/       
prom95t comp\nd ( oxyg58 ,a4 ,wat]4     

#dg4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! rem>kable      
prop]ties ( sulphur8 ,a4 ,! ease  ) :i* 
x melts2 ! read9ess ) :i* x takes fire &
 burns 9  ! air2 ! /rik+ blue flame     
produc$ :5 x burns2 ! *ok+ &            
disagreeable odor att5dant ^u its       
combu/ion2 & its burn+ :5 9  ! pure =m  
)\t leav+ any a%es4    #dh4 ,q4 ,f :at  
localities is ! pr9cipal supply (       
sulphur =  comm]ce obta9$8 ,a4 ,f !     
volcanic di/ricts ( ! isl& ( ,sicily4   
#di4 ,q4 ,:at is said z to ! numb] (    
elem5ts ) :i* sulphur  comb9es8 ,a4 ,x  
comb9es 9 simple =m ( union ) a majority
 ( !  elem5ts kn[n4    #ej4 ,q4 ,:at are
 ?ree important comp\nds ( sulphur8 ,a4 
,sulphurett$  hydrog51 sulphur di-oxide1
 & sulphur tri-oxide4          ,,!      
,,tru/ees ,,reorganize ,,*autauqua4     
,on ! ?irte5? ( ,janu>y ! ,*autauqua    
,bo>d ( ,tru/ees held  its annual meet+ 
9 ! elegant rooms ( ! ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian
  ,association ( ! city ( ,pittsburgh1  
to prep>e ! way = ! next  great         
,assembly4 ,mr4 ,lewis ,mill]1 ,dr4 ,j4 

,h4 ,v9c5t1 ,messrs4 ,f4 ,h4 ,root1     
,jacob ,mill]1 ,e4 ,a4 ,sk9n]1 ,w4 ,a4  
,duncan1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,edw>ds1 ,rev4 ,j4
  ,le/]1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,h4 ,moore1 & mo/ ( !
 tru/ees 7 pres5t1 b z  usual1 ( !      
tw5ty-f\r memb]s1 lett]s ( apology 7    
receiv$ f  a few :o 7 deta9$ at home by 
sickness or urg5t bus9ess matt]s4  ,^?  
pres5t1 h[ev]1 7 fully prep>$ to g =w>d 
& meet !  responsibilities ( ! h\r4 ,dr4
 ,t4 ,l4 ,flood1 editor ( ,,!           
,,*autauquan1  & ,judge ,holt1 attorney 
= ! corporation1 7 pres5t to look aft]  
_! respective dep>tm5ts4    ,z !y came  
toge!r = delib]ation ! tru/ees felt !   
inspiration  ( a hi/ory ( gr& successes1
 ( a pres5t satisfactory1 & ( a  future 
full ( hope4 ,h5ce ! boldness ( _!      
plans1 & ! en]gy  ) :i* !y 7 c>ri$ into 
effect4 ,*autauqua has a con/itu5cy  :i*
 is ( ine/imable value1 9 ! pray]s &    
sympa?ies ( _m  ?\s&s ( p :o h nev] se5 
^? beautiful gr\nds4    ,:]ev] ! ,bo>d (
 ,tru/ees hold _! annual meet+s a lively
  int]e/ is creat$1 especially among    

press report]s & 9 ! ,c4  ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 "p
 ( ! community4 ,9 ?is respect          
,pittsburgh surpass$  any o!r place ev] 
visit$1 ,jame/[n & ,clevel& n except$4  
,on  rea*+ ! city x 0 f\nd t a reception
 _h be5 arrang$ by !  alumni & memb]s ( 
! ,*autauqua ,circle1 to be held 9 ,*ri/
 ,*ur*  on ! ev5+ ( ! #ac?1 & t an      
elaborate program ( ex]cises  _h be5    
provid$4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,williams1 ( !   
,pittsburgh ,*ri/ian  ,advocate1 occupi$
 ! *air4 ,music 0 furni%$ by ,hamilton's
 ,junior  ,or*e/ra4 ,dr4 ,hir/1 pa/or ( 
,*ri/ ,*ur*1 deliv]$1 9 *a/e &  eloqu5t 
language1 an address ( welcome4 ,pr(4   
,holmes1 ,regi/r> (  ! ,*autauqua       
,univ]sity1 9 reply1 spoke at l5g?1     
expla9+ its  aims & me?od ( op]ation4   
,presid5t ,mill] foll[$ 9 8 happie/     
ve91 & made cle> ! po9t t ! educational 
s*eme ( ! ,circle  0 well suit$ to meet 
! con/ant & progressive *anges ev] go+  
=w>d 9 society4 ,on be+ introduc$1 ,dr4 
,v9c5t 0 receiv$ by !  great audi5ce ) a
 /orm ( applause4 ,9 8 own usual tak+   

way he  unfold$ ! pr9ciples embrac$ 9 ! 
,*autauqua ,idea4 ,we deal mo/ly1  he   
said1 ) ! mature m9d t is a?ir/ = k4 ,we
 make use  ( practical me?ods to supply 
! great want ( ! day1 :i* is a  rational
 society4    ,dr4 ,flood1 editor ( ,,!  
,,*autauquan1 0 pres5t$ & spoke = a few 
mom5ts4 ,! music 0 f9e1 ! speak+ !      
happie/1 & aft] !  =mal ex]cises _h     
clos$ a season ( free social int]c\rse  
foll[$4  ,! p[] ,*autauqua _h ex]t$ ^u !
 city ( ,pittsburgh appe>$  9 ! great   
numb] pres5t1 :o rose to _! feet z      
witnesses2 &  mo/ ( ! cities ( ! nation 
c\ld produce l evid5ce ( its  popul>ity 
& influ5ce4    ,! lavi% exp5ditures (   
money :i* h be5 made ^u build+s  at     
,*autauqua 9 ! pa/ h creat$ su*         
facilities = "w ( all  k9ds t at pres5t 
no?+ fur!r is requir$ 9 t direction4    
,?is 0 a satisfaction n only to ^? :o h 
h]oically c>ri$  heavy f9ancial burd5s1 
b to ^? :o h regrett$ t !y 7  able to   
give only _! sympa?ies to ! cause4 ,!   
brief address made  by ,presid5t ,mill] 

to ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees consi/$ ( a brief 
&  *e]y review ( ! pa/ & a hopeful      
glance into ! future4 ,!re is1  he said1
 mu* yet to be done1 sacrifices to be   
made1 = ,*autauqua is  yet 9 its        
infancy1 & its enl>g$ "w f ye> to ye> w 
dem&  increas$ att5tion4 ,secret>y      
,duncan 9 8 annual report in=m$  !      
tru/ees t dur+ ! pa/ ye> 8 receipts _h  
exce$$ 8  exp5ditures by ne>ly t5 ?\s&  
doll>s1 & t ?is sum _h be5  us$ z f> z x
 w\ld g to liquidate ! float+ debt4     
,! foll[+ writt5 report 0 pres5t$ by    
,*ancellor ,v9c5t3    8,= ! fir/ "t 9 ! 
hi/ory ( ! ,*autauqua ,assembly ,i      
pres5t  to ! ,bo>d a =mal report4 ,?is  
has hi!rto seem$ to me unnecess>y1  & y 
h g5]\sly accept$ a v]bal /atem5t 9 lieu
 ( a full1  (ficial communication4 ,i no
 long] ?us tax y\r g5]osity1 b "u  a ke5
 conviction t an important crisis has   
arriv$ 9 our hi/ory1 ,i  beg leave to   
lay be=e y ! foll[+ /atem5ts &          
sugge/ions3    8,! ,*autauqua movem5t is
 a m>vel ev5 to its projectors4 ,h[ev]  

all-embrac+ may h be5 ! orig9al         
conception ( our noble  presid5t1 ,mr4  
,mill]1 :5 he propos$ a summ] ga!r+ 9 ! 
grove  at ,*autauqua1 ! gradually       
unfold+ s*eme has be5 a s\rce (         
surprise & delight to ! _w ( curi\s &   
int]e/$ obs]v]s4    8,*autauqua 9 its   
v>i\s dep>tm5ts is a unit4 ,h[ev] div]se
 !  outw>d =ms1 ! "n :i* m>ks !m all    
proves !m "o4 ,!  #8,*autauqua          
,assembly1' ! #8,*autauqua ,lit]>y &    
,sci5tific ,circle1'  ! #8,*autauqua    
,s*ool ( ,languages1' ! #8,*autauqua    
,tea*]s' ,retreat1'  ! #8,*autauqua ,"y 
,folks' ,read+ ,union1' ! #8,*autauqua  
,s*ool (  ,!ology1' ! #8,*autauqua      
,univ]sity'--all are b developm5ts ( !  
radical idea ( ,*autauqua1 :i* is popul>
 & symmetrical education2  education =  
all p2 education 9 all l9es1 accord+ to 
v>i$  ta/es1 ne$s & opportunities4      
8,our con/itu5cy is z broad z are ! aims
 ( ! in/itution3  ,sunday-s*ool & o!r   
,*ri/ian work]s1 day s*ool tea*]s1      
/ud5ts  ( language1 m9i/]s ( ! gospel1  

citiz5s :o mold ! nation1  mo!rs :o mold
 citiz5s by mak+ homes--^! all1 & all   
beside  :o seek k1 "* & usefulness1 are 
! p = :om  ,*autauqua 0 organiz$4    8,)
 ?is wide rea* ( purpose x 0 necess>y t 
,*autauqua %\ld  project ! l9es ( its   
int5tion 9 plans & dep>tm5ts1 t !  _w   
might see its magnitude1 & t ! full     
t]ritory x proposes  to occupy might be 
prempt$4 ,until ?is projection 0 made1 !
  ,*autauqua ,idea 0 irrepressible4 ,&  
n[ ,*autauqua ) its v>iety  ( dep>tm5ts 
is n l a m]e pile ( build+s1 )          
additions1  lean-tos1 unrelat$ edifices1
 & o!r aft]-?\ghts1 ! results (         
unmanageable +5uity4 ,x is a gr[? &     
developm5t1 a provision  accord+ to !   
highe/ law1 to meet ! necessities :i*   
call$ x  into exi/5ce4    8,9 ?is gr[? (
 twelve ye>s !re h be5 no unnecess>y    
additions4  ,to h omitt$ any ( !m w\ld h
 made ,*autauqua less ?an x  is2 & to h 
made ,*autauqua less ?an x is w\ld h be5
 a  mi/ake--almo/ a disa/]4 ,because ( !
 broad & v>i$ provisions n[  includ$ 9 !

 ,*autauqua movem5t1 x w be great] &    
/rong] =  all "t to come4    8,x w\ld n 
h be5 easy to organize ^! dep>tm5ts at  
fir/ "u  a s+le *>t]4 ,! sep>ate s*emes 
"u sep>ate con/itutions came  into be+4 
,ea* is /rong] to-day because ( !       
relative indep5d5ce  ( its orig94 ,! "t 
may h come1 ,i ?9k ! "t has come1 = an  
ext]nal union ( dep>tm5ts :i* h all     
along be5 practically "o4  ,no          
antagonism betwe5 !m has ev] seem$ to me
 possible1 b !re is a  way ( prev5t+ ev5
 ! seem+ or fe> ( su* antagonism4       
8,at ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees (
 ,*autauqua ,univ]sity1  ,i propos$ !   
appo9tm5t ( a committee ^: bus9ess x    
%\ld be to  br+ into complete ext]nal   
unity all dep>tm5ts ( ,*autauqua4 ,?is  
committee has nev] act$4 ,i n[ r5ew !   
proposal1 ) "s practical  h9ts look+    
t[>d ?is result40    ,dr4 ,v9c5t !n     
pres5t$ sev]al sugge/ions design$ to    
h>monize !  v>i\s ,*autauqua int]e/s4   
,! report cont9ues3    8,! f9ancial     
condition ( ,*autauqua is a subject to  

:i* ,i h  h]et(ore giv5 little att5tion4
 ,i tru/$ implicitly to ! wisdom (  !   
,bo>d1 ^: l>ge ideas ( ! ,*autauqua "w1 
^: en?usiasm 9  x1 & ^: g5]\s c\rtesy   
t[>d me1 h caus$ !m to give me  ! l>ge/ 
lib]ty1 & to treat ) great g5tl5ess :at 
!y h  sometimes felt to be excessive    
exp5diture4    8,my dreams & aspirations
 conc]n+ ! developm5t ( ,*autauqua  h l$
 me to plan l>gely1 & to sp5d lib]ally1 
t ! att5tion  ( great-he>t$ m5 might be 
attract$ to our "w1 ! sympa?y (         
progressive educators secur$1 & ! great 
c5t]s ( influ5ce  9 pulpits1 colleges & 
newspap]s be comm&$ 9 ! int]e/ (        
,*autauqua4 ,a c>eful analysis ( ^!     
exp5ditures w %[ t !re  has be5 no      
extravagance1 al?\gh a great] economy   
might h be5  ex]cis$40    ,! report (   
,dr4 ,v9c5t clos$ ) ! foll[+ words3     
8,tru/+ t y w see y\r way cle> to       
cop]ate 9 ! plans  propos$1 & comm5d+   
our great in/itution to him :o is !     
#8,ma/]  ( ,assemblies1' ?is report is  
respectfully submitt$40    ,! report (  

,dr4 ,v9c5t 0 submitt$ to a special     
committee1 :i*  pres5t$ ! foll[+ report1
 :i* 0 adopt$ z bel[3    ,! special     
committee to :i* 0 ref]r$ ! report ( !  
,sup]9t5d5t ( ,in/ruction1 begs leave   
respectfully to report3    #a4 ,t we    
recomm5d to ! ,bo>d to reorganize !     
union ( ! sev]al  associations1 s*ools1 
& dep>tm5ts ( ! ,*autauqua ,assembly1  !
 ,*autauqua ,s*ool ( ,!ology1 !         
,*autauqua ,univ]sity1 & !  ,*autauqua  
,lit]>y & ,sci5tific ,circle1 "u a s+le 
organization to  be kn[n z ,,!          
,,*autauqua ,,univ]sity4    #b4 7,?is   
article calls = necess>y legislative    
action47    #c4 ,! "w ( ! new           
organization %all be c>ri$ on "u !      
foll[+ dep>tm5ts3        ,i4--,,!       
,,*autauqua ,,assembly1 embrac+3        
a4 ,! ,summ] meet+s at ,*autauqua2      
b4 ,! ,sunday-,s*ool ,normal ,dep>tm5t2 
c4 ,! ,s*ool ( ,languages2          d4  
,! ,*autauqua ,tea*]s' ,retreat2        
,,ii4--,,! ,,*autauqua ,,lit]>y ,,&     
,,sci5tific ,,circle2        ,,iii4--,,!

 ,,*autauqua ,,s*ool ,,( ,,lib]al       
,,arts1 n[ kn[n z 8,!      ,*autauqua   
,univ]sity10 & ) p[]s z provid$ 9 its   
*>t]2        ,,iv4--,,! ,,*autauqua     
,,s*ool ,,( ,,!ology1 ) purposes & p[]s 
z 9 its *>t]2        ,v4--,,!           
,,*autauqua ,,press4    #d4 ,!re %all be
 ?ree committees1 ( ?ree p]sons ea*1    
appo9t$  by ! ,bo>d1 to cop]ate ) !     
,*ancellor 9 ! managem5t (  ! above     
dep>tm5ts4 ,p]sons may be eligible to   
appo9tm5t on ^!  committees :o are n    
memb]s ( ! ,bo>d4    ,^! committees %all
 be3        a4 ,a ,committee on         
,assembly2      b4 ,a ,committee on ,c4 
,l4 ,s4 ,c41 ! ,c4 ,s4 ,l4 ,a41 & ,c4   
,s4 ,t42      c4 ,a ,committee on !     
,*autauqua ,press4    #e4 ,we approve ( 
! recomm5dation ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t (       
,in/ruction1  ( ! e/abli%m5t ( !        
8,*autauqua ,press10 z a "p ( !         
8,*autauqua ,univ]sity40    #f4 ,!      
income f ! g5]al memb]%ip fees 9 !      
,*autauqua ,lit]>y  & ,sci5tific        
,circle1 9 ! ,*autauqua ,s*ool ( ,lib]al

 ,arts1 & 9  ! ,*autauqua ,s*ool (      
,!ology1 ) su* annual appropriations z  
may be made by ! ,bo>d to ^! dep>tm5ts1 
%all con/itute _!  fund respectively1   
out ( :i* all exp5ses ( ea* ( ^!        
dep>tm5ts  %all be paid annually2 !     
surplus 9 ! dep>tm5t treasury ( ! ,c4   
,l4 ,s4 ,c41 ( ! ,c4 ,s4 ,l4 ,a41 & ( ! 
,c4 ,s4 ,t41 f ye> to ye>1  %all be paid
 to ! treasur] ( ! ,assembly ,bo>d4 ,!re
 %all be two  assi/ant treasur]s1 "o to 
h *>ge ( ! funds ( ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c41  &
 ! o!r ( ! funds ( ! ,c4 ,s4 ,l4 ,a4 & (
 ! ,c4 ,s4 ,t41 bo?  ( :om %all make an 
annual report to ! ,bo>d4    #g4 ,we    
recomm5d t ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,in/ruction 9
 ! ,assembly  ,bo>d %all h]eaft] be kn[n
 z 8,! ,*ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity40      
#h4 ,x %all be ! duty ( ! ,*ancellor ( !
 ,univ]sity to arrange  & conduct !     
program ( ! ,*autauqua ,assembly2 to    
engage speak]s1  tea*]s1 lead]s ( music1
 & su* o!r assi/ants z ! program may    
require2 to conduct ! affairs ( ! ,c4   
,l4 ,s4 ,c41 ! ,c4 ,s4 ,l4 ,a41 &  ! ,c4

 ,s4 ,t42 he %all submit a report to !  
meet+ ( ! ,bo>d 9  ,janu>y ( ea* ye>1   
:i* %all conta9 a /atem5t ( 8           
exp5ditures  9 ! sev]al dep>tm5ts dur+ !
 prec$+ ye>1 & an e/imate (  ! probable 
exp5ses = ! ye> ensu+4    #i4 ,! duties 
( ! o!r (fic]s %all be ^? specifi$ 9 !  
by-laws z already adopt$ by ! ,assembly1
 ! ,*autauqua ,s*ool (  ,!ology1 & !    
,univ]sity1 or z may be h]eaft] adopt$4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,z x has be5 abundantly demon/rat$ t ?is
 section ( ! lake is  ri* 9 natural gas1
 x may be expect$ t z ! season op5s !   
"w ( developm5t w comm5ce4 ,*autauqua   
has also an inexhau/ible  m9]al f\nta91 
:i* _m h f\nd n only a pleasant bev]age1
 b  ri* 9 heal?-giv+ qualities4         
,appe>ances indicate t ! next ,assembly 
w be ( ! fir/  importance4 ,_m w        
probably meet ,j4 ,b4 ,g\gh--! h]o ( a  
?\s&  plat=ms--= ! la/ "t4 ,dr4 ,deems  
is to come among u once m1 &  ! orig9al 
,fisk ,jubilee ,s+]s w be !re1 & !y h no
 equals  9 reproduc+ ! fa/ vani%+ songs 

( ! plantation4          ,,editor',s    
,,outlook4      ,,! ,,great ,,greek     
,,dramati/s4    ,! ,greek drama1 :i* is 
n[ be=e our ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 /ud5ts 9 its
  ,engli% r5d]+1 pres5ts _m int]e/+     
aspects to ! mod]n m9d4  ,we are well   
aw>e t ?is /atem5t w surprise "s read]s2
 b  let !m consid] a few facts4 ,is x n 
a rem>kable ?+ t !  ,greek drama1 :i* ! 
_w w n suff] to be =gott51 0 all        
produc$ 9 ! space ( ab\t half a c5tury8 
,& comp>e ! fact )  our own hi/ory1 not+
 t ,engli% drama ( ! imp]i%able type  is
 all ga!r$ into a s+le brilliant p]iod1 
( :i* ,%aksp]e is  ! c5tral light 9     
dramatic poetry4 s*ylus 0 born 9 #ebe   
,b4 ,c41  ,sophocles 9 #die1 &          
,euripides 9 #dhj4 ,! ?ree are ne>ly on 
a level  9 m]it1 s*ylus hav+ ! m =ce1 & 
8 compe]s 9 dramatic  fame m ( !        
ref9em5ts ( art4 ,!y are n ?ree         
,%aksp]es 9  "o con/ellation1 b ?ree    
orbs ^: comb9$ light is less ?an t  (   
our ,engli% poet4 ,no "o has            
satisfactorily expla9$ :y ! tragic      

drama %\ld s isolate itself 9 ! c5turies
 ( a p2 b x may  be said to be a rule t 
if a p produce a great drama at all1 ?is
  *oice fruit w appe> only 9 a s+le     
p]iod4 ,b s9ce ,greece &  ,engl& are !  
only nations hav+ a great tragic /age--=
 we d n  reckon ! ,fr5* drama z 9 ! fir/
 rank--! rule has no well-def9$  value4 
,x is rem>kable1 too1 t ! great epic    
poets are m num]\s  ?an ! great ma/]s ( 
trag$y4 ,greece1 inde$1 is kn[n to u =  
"o epic & ?ree tragic poets2 b e great p
 be=e ours has  _h a respectable epic   
poem1 :]eas 9 mo/ nations tragic poetry 
is  r>e or inf]ior4 ,! great trag$ies   
are s few t "o may easily "k  !m & prize
 !m4 ,no o!r =m ( lit]ature pres5ts u ) 
s few  ma/]pieces4    ,ano!r good aspect
 ( ! drama 9 ,greece is t x came 9 !    
p]iod  ( ! full-fl[]+ ( ,greek egotism1 
or if ! phrase is happi]1  ( ,greek     
patriotism4 ,"h1 too1 we may f9d an     
analogy 9 ! ,engl&  ( ,%aksp]e4 ,! age (
 ,elizabe? is easily fix$ ^u z t (      
self-satisfi$ ,briti% patriotism4 ,x is 

also true t alike 9 !  ,a!ns ( !        
dramati/s & ! ,london ( ,%aksp]e !re 0 !
 /ir  & bu/le & h]oic en]gy ( national  
life4 ,x is n to be ov]look$  t !       
dramati/s ( ,greece1 l ! lit]>y /atesm5 
( ,engl&  7 9 public life4 ,!y s\ght &  
held (fice2 &1 inde$1 !y1 l  ,socrates1 
7 soldi]s besides4 s*ylus f\ght at      
,m>a?on1 ,salamis1  & ,plata1 ! ?ree    
great battles ( 8 c\ntry4 ,%aksp]e did n
 d  8 "w on ! ,avon1 b 9 ! d9 ( ,london1
 & _m a ?+ :i*  surprises u 9 8 plays   
may be expla9$ by ! close & un9t]rupt$  
contact ( ! dramati/ ) ! active m5 ( 8  
"t4 ,he le>n$1 =  example1 all 8 law    
phrases 9 convivial association )       
lawy]s1 mu*  z he le>n$ scripture by    
he>+ ! pray]-book read 9 ! *ur*es4  7,he
 always quotes ! pray]-book1 nev] !     
,bible47 ,s 9 ,a!ns1 our                
/atesm5-dramati/s liv$ 9 ! full press ( 
life1 & _! drama  reflects ! op9ions &  
prov]bs ( _! day4 ,m5 ( ! lamp c\ld  n h
 caught ! _s & attitude ( ! ,a!nian m9d 
t[>d !  problems ( life :i* und]lie !   

,greek plays4 ,! j-en\gh & n  too mu* or
 too little ( philosophy--! mean betwe5 
dogmatic !ology  & crude irreligion--!  
man ( ! _w1 & he alone1 c hit4 ,we may  
safely reason t :ile _m =ms ( lit]ature 
c be be/ wr\ght by  m5 out ( ! _w1 "s   
=ms seem to require _! produc]s to be  9
 ! _w & ( ! _w2 & among ^!1 ! drama is  
especially  res]v$ to m5 :o comb9e      
practical exp]i5ce ) erudition1 & also  
possess ! indescribable my/]y ( g5ius4  
,! /ud5t w be well  repaid = 8 pa9s :o  
/ruggles to und]/& ! _s--a /range  "o to
 u--:i* is peculi> to ! ,greek drama1 ! 
s+ul> aspects  & functions ( religion1 &
 ! mode 9 :i* x is app>5tly held  fa/ by
 ! tragic poet1 :o is also a man ( ! _w4
 ,!re are also  pr(itable /udies to be  
made ( ^? glimpses ( un*ang+ human      
nature :i* ! trag$ies af=d u4 ,"o !ory  
is t we /udy old  classics 9 ord] to "k 
an old] & ext9ct type ( mank9d3 a tru]  
view is t ! virtues & vices ( ! eld] man
 are simple &  undisguis$ by social     
v>ni%4 ,9 any case1 ! /ud5t :o und]/&s1 

= example1 ! woman ,m$ea1 has a useful  
lesson 9 8! prop] /udy (  mank9d40      
,,*autauqua ,,at ,,new ,,orleans4       
,almo/ e int]e/ ( ! c\ntry is repres5t$ 
at ,new ,orleans ?is  w9t]4 ,e prom95t  
manufactory1 all lead+ trades1 ! great  
bran*es ( comm]ce1 & p>ticul>ly         
educational in/itutions h  exhibits ( m 
or less importance4 ,! eye ( ! c\ntry is
 turn$  s\?w>d4 ,:atev] is wor?y our    
civilization has be5 collect$ !re  =    
/udy4 ,9 educational matt]s _m dep>tm5ts
 h be5 giv5  position1 t !y may be /udi$
 by ! eag] le>n]2 = p are  eag] to "k ! 
_w's "w4 ,y see x 9 _! ke5 obs]vation ( 
! displays made ?r\gh\t ! long gall]ies1
 & _! quick notice  ( ! comp>ative m]its
 ( ! exhibits4 ,to !m ! "w f !  ,indian 
s*ools1 f ! color$ p1 f ! f> away       
t]ritories1  & f =eign l&s are /udies 9 
comp>ative civilization4 ,e  sign (     
advancem5t is quickly seiz$ ^u2 & 9 no  
dep>tm5t is m  eag]ness to "k manife/$  
by visitors ?an 9 ! 8,*autauqua         
,alcove40    ,*autauqua & ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 

,c4 h a v good repres5tation 9 !  s\?   
gall]y ( ! gov]nm5t build+1 "u ! g5]al  
sup]vision  ( ,pr(4 ,e4 ,a4 ,spr+1 a    
memb] ( ! faculty at ,*autauqua4 ,?is   
exhibit is attract+ a great deal (      
att5tion4 ,all memb]s & fri5ds  ( ! ,c4 
,l4 ,s4 ,c4 :o may visit ! ,exposition  
are e>ne/ly &  cordially invit$ to visit
 ! ,*autauqua exhibit4 ,an idea ( ,pr(4 
,spr+'s "w may be obta9$ f a few        
extracts f a lett] receiv$  f him 9 !   
holidays3                               
,,*autauqua ,,alcove1 ,,new ,,orleans1  
,,la41 ,dec4 #bf1 '#hd4        ,!re is a
 l>ge plac>d up 9 ?is exhibit1 z foll[s3
                           ,u4 ,s4      
,,bureau ,,( ,,education4               
,,*autauqua ,,alcove4        ,any "o ( !
 sixty ?\s& ( ! memb]s ( ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4  
,c4                 :o may be "h is     
reque/$ to regi/]4        ,i give       
ev]ybody "o ( a little h&ful ( ,sp>e    
,m9ute ,c\rse      circul>s t ,i br\ght 
) me4 ,i h giv5 out ab\t a              
hundr$--& _h conv]sations1 "s ( !m )    

evid5t      conviction--9 ,g]man1 ,fr5*1
 ,engli%1 & ! language ( signs4      ,by
 help ( my ,italian1 ,i h tri$ to talk  
to "s ( ! _m      ,mexicans "h1 b did n 
get deep en\gh to broa* ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4   
,c4        ,i _h ye/]day & to-day       
consid]able talk ) ! intellig5t         
g5tlem5 repres5t+ ! ,fr5* ,republic     
s*ool sy/em--,m4      ,buisson & 8      
assi/ant4 ,g5]al ,eaton says t ! bro!r  
( ?is ,mons4 ,buisson is ! g5ius (      
education 9 ,france4 ,!y      express$  
!mselves z mu* int]e/$ 9 ! scope ( !    
noble      ,*autauqua plans4        ,!  
pr9cipal & sev5 lady tea*]s f ,normal1  
,ill41 j      left me4 ,!y w come aga91 
to le>n m ( ,*autauqua4 ,"s      ,texas 
g5tlem51 "o ( :om1 ,pr(4 ,hogg1 ,i h    
long kn[n z a      fell[ memb] ( !      
,national ,educational ,association1 h  
be5      "h aga9 to-day1 to say t !y    
w\ld be "h to see me )      ab\t two    
hundr$ tea*]s f ,texas at noon to-morr[4
        ,dr4 ,mit*ell 0 "h ?is aft]noon4
        ,on ,saturday1 ! #bg?1 ,i 0 all 

ready = ! two hundr$      tea*]s1 :o    
advanc$ 9 a body ) a bann]1 & ,i gave !m
 a      regul> lecture on ,*autauqua &  
its out-rea*+s4        ,!n ,i said my   
fri5d1 ,pr(4 ,hogg1 _h se5 me model 9   
,philadelphia1 9 #ahgi1 at conv5tion ( !
 ,national ,educational                 
,association1 :]e he read a pap] on 8,! 
,education ( !      ,h&1 ! ,head1 & !   
,he>t10 & he _h ask$ me to %[ ?is       
company ( tea*]s "s clay model+1 s ,i   
w\ld occupy a few      m9utes 9 t1 z x 0
 "o ( ! me?ods 9 ! ,*autauqua      plan 
to tra9 ! h& by clay1 & ?r\gh t educate 
!      head2 & if ! h& & ! head 7 truly 
educat$1 z !y      ought to be1 ! he>t  
%\ld be develop$ too4 ,s1 lay+ out      
a colossal head 9 relief1 ,i made a few 
rem>ks z to ! value      ( a little easy
 practice ( clay model+ 9 s*ools2 & !n1 
turn+ to ! bo>d ) clay on x1 ,i work$   
eighte5 m9utes1      & made a head ( 8an
 ,am]ican ,tea*]40        ,g5]al ,eaton 
came to me aft] _! vote ( ?anks1 & z    
soon      z !y _h gone--9 ! mo/         

congratulatory frame4 8,*autauqua       
c\ld af=d to pay y two mon?s' "w = t60  
he said1      %ak+ me by ! h&4 ,two ( ! 
class ( '#hf ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c41 f         
,lockport1 ,dr4 ,mit*ell1 ,mons4        
,buisson & a few o!rs express$          
!mselves z mu* int]e/$4        ,i 0 glad
 to f9d ,i _h s _m 8,sp>e-m9ute0        
circul>s--&      ,i mu/ h giv5 out      
sev5ty-five or "o hundr$ ye/]day1       
beside "o hundr$ to ! ,texans1 g5]ally  
accompani$ ) a      conv]sation ( m or  
less l5g?4        ,all ?is 9 ! mid/ (   
busy "w & good progress 9 !             
me*anical embelli%m5t ( our alcove4 ,x w
 be v      attractive :5 complet$1 & ,i 
h s plann$ t ,i c "w      at x all      
along1 add+ new features f day to day4  
,x is v int]e/+1 h[ ne> to p's he>ts &  
inn]      lives ,i sometimes get 9 ^!   
little talks4 ,x is a plan t      t\*es 
! aspirations & long+s ( _m a true s\l4 
,i wi%      sometimes t words c\ld be   
in/antane\sly photograph$4 ,x is        
impossible = me to write z fully z ,i   

%\ld l4        ,our only ,,*autauquan   
7,novemb]7 ) "o copy ( ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4
      circul>1 ) its cut ( ! ,hall1 has 
done good s]vice4        ,i v mu* hop$ t
 ,dr4 ,v9c5t c\ld manage to come "h4    
,_m p h ask$1 ! fir/ ?+1 if ,dr4 ,v9c5t 
is to      be "h4 ,e /ate %\ld h a      
,*autauqua headqu>t]s--?is      alcove w
 get !m all ready = x4        ,monday   
morn+4--,damp1 muddy1 disc\rag+ to _m p4
 ,!      c> driv]s h /ruck & ! h\r's    
ride1 long & tiresome at      be/1 is n[
 cut (f4 ,hundr$s ( tea*]s :o h be5 p\r+
      into ,new ,orleans ^! la/ days (  
_! holiday1 are prev5t$      f see+ &   
le>n+ by ?is f\r or five miles ( mud    
be=e      !y rea* ! ,exposition4 ,!re h 
be5 great h9drances all      along to ! 
completion ( ! ,exposition1 & _m        
grumbl]s4      ,b ,i h nev] be5         
disc\rag$6 ,ev]y?+ f ! fir/      />t has
 be5 delightful4 ,:5 ! ro( leak$1 ,i    
mov$ "s      ?+s away1 told ! ro(]1 & x 
0 at once m5d$4 ,:5 x      came on a h>d
 /orm night be=e la/1 ,i laid d[n on !  

floor1      roll$ 9 my ,kansas blanket1 
& lik$ x s well t ,i %all      camp out 
"h 9 ! ,*autauqua prec9cts2 at any rate1
 till      !re is "s com=table          
conveyance away4        ,m anon4        
,ev] y\rs fai?fully1                    
,,edw>d ,a4 ,,spr+4      ,,w9t] ,,sports
 ,,9 ,,canada4    ,w9t] und\bt$ly has   
its hygi5ic value2 & a "p ( ?is value   
we get )\t ef=t4 ,x is n only a com=t to
 be fre$ f !  annoyances ( insect life1 
b x is also a ga9 = heal? t _m  ( !     
atmosph]ic impurities are remov$ by     
fro/4 ,b to get !  l>ge/ value f w9t] z 
a fro/ cure1 we ne$ to avail ourselves  
( ! sy/em ( heal?ful & invigorat+       
amusem5ts :i* prevail 9  ,canada1 & h   
made t c\ntry fam\s4 ,t portion ( our   
population  :i* is employ$ out-doors 9  
w9t] is1 pro tanto1 und\bt$ly !  mo/    
heal?y4 ,= ! re/ ( u ! only possible    
equival5t is w9t]  sports4 ,x is        
un=tunately true t ! v>iable "* ( our   
wea!r precludes u f exact imitation2 b  
our inv5tive g5ius ought  to be equal to

 ! task ( bridg+ ov] ! s(t places 9 our 
w9t]s4  ,9 ,canada1 ! long &            
comp>atively equable w9t] makes x a     
simple  ?+ to provide heal?y & innoc5t  
amusem5ts :i* may be enjoy$  z regul>ly 
z any bus9ess is c>ri$ on4 ,x is n to be
 =gott51  h[ev]1 t ! ,canadians are !   
only p 9 ! _w :o "k  h[ to keep w>m     
out-doors z well z 9-doors4 ,!y h le>n$ 
to  p]fection ?is art1 = lack ( :i* our 
out-door employm5ts are  m or less      
dang]\s4 ,our labor] does n keep w>m 9  
w9t]1 &  8 8colds0 become consumption4  
,9 ,canada1 "y girls accompli% 9  ?is   
respect :at /\t m5 fail to d among u2 !y
 keep w>m :e!r  !y are fly+ 9 sleighs or
 on toboggans4 ,^! =ms ( enjoym5t  are  
well organiz$2 !re are toboggan clubs1 &
 8society0 means "s  =m ( w9t] sport4 ,!
 mis]able imitation call$ 8roll]-skat+10
  :i* is al>m+ ?\ghtful p 9 _m ( our    
villages1 is only a  craze1 a tempor>y  
insanity2 ! w9t] sports ( ,canada are a 
national  in/itution4 ,! physical &     
moral :olesom5ess ( ! roll]-skat+  r9k  

is m ?an d\btful4 ,! moral & physical   
heal?fulness (  ! sports by :i*         
,canadians make w9t] a season ( joy1 c n
 be  que/ion$4    ,on ! av]age1 our w9t]
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n a heal?ful  &   
invigorat+ season to u4 ,we lose !      
great] values & expose  ourselves to    
special dang]s4 ,we live 9-doors1 ) a   
temp]ature t5  degrees too high4 ,we %ut
 9 ) u invisible plagues :i* bre$       
diph!ria & o!r diseases4 ,we are        
enfeebl$ by refra9+ f  ex]cise & brea?+ 
un:olesome air 9 our h\ses4 ,we come to 
!  spr+ weak] ?an we 7 :5 w9t] began4   
,we h mop$ by hot fires  & brea!d       
vitiat$ air1 :5 we ought to h be5 out 9 
! w9t]  bla/1 us+ our muscles & fill+   
our lungs ) ! clean w9ds4 ,two  or ?ree 
conditions seem want+ = a re=m ( ^!     
habits4 ,"o is !  art ( keep+ w>m 9 !   
cold air2 ano!r is a ke5] s5se ( !      
value ( w9t] ex]cise1 & a ?ird is "s    
devices by :i* ! 8s(t  spells0 ( wea!r  
%all n arre/ our sports ne>ly e week4   
,,! ,,relative ,,pron\n 8,,t40    ,?is  

^w is a demon/rative pron\n & a         
conjunction2 & 9 "s  idiomatic phrases x
 is also a relative pron\n4 ,by         
idiomatic phrases1  we mean t use has   
con/ruct$ c]ta9 =ms ( expression :i*    
are :oles1 ?\gh consi/+ ( sev]al words4 
,all t we "k is  an idiomatic phrase2   
use & habit h weld$ ! words toge!r4 ,9  
! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 !re grew a
 habit ( us+  t v freely z a relative   
pron\n4 ,! ,bible ( #afaa is full (     
illu/rations ( ?is habit4 ,dur+ ! pres5t
 c5tury ?is use (  t has be5 by ! be/   
writ]s gradually re/rict$1 & at pres5t  
! rule = t z a relative pron\n1         
probably1 is ab\t z /at$  above--! ^w is
 us$1 z a relative1 only 9 idiomatic    
expressions4  ,! hi/ory ( ?is ^w w\ld   
make a v int]e/+ *apt]4 ,we h  9 ! =ego+
 /atem5t m]ely sugge/$ "o l9e ( *ange 9 
its  use1 & we call att5tion to ?is     
*ange = a p>ticul> reason4 ,among  !    
excell5t books publi%$ by ,appleton     
,co4 is a repr9t ,cobbett's  ,engli%    
,gramm>1 & 9 ?is repr9t ,mr4 ,ayres1 !  

editor ( x =  ?is republication1 lays   
d[n 9 8 introduction1 & illu/rates by   
significant bracket+ 9 ,cobbett's text1 
a new rule = ! use ( !  relative t4 ,?is
 new rule is1 9 sub/ance1 t ! re/rictive
  relative is t--:o & :i* be+ cord9at+  
relatives4 ,?is  propos$ re=m is        
un=tunately tim$4 ,by a progress 9 use  
:i* has  be5 unobtrusive1 & unaid$ by   
dogmatism1 ! numb] ( ?ats on a  pr9t$   
page has be5 r$uc$ to tol]able          
proportion4 ,if we accept !  new rule we
 %all n only g back to excessive use (  
t1 b we  may ev5 increase ! evil ( too  
mu* ?at+4 ,! ^w fills two  important    
functions 9 pres5t good use2 to add !   
(fice ( express+  all ! re/rictive uses 
( ! relative pron\ns1 w\ld probably     
increase ?at+ s z to r5d] an ,engli%    
page unsightly4 ,take a  s5t5ce3 8,he   
said t t man t t boy said t he saw 0 n  
t man t t boy ?\ght t he saw40 ,mr4     
,ayres tries to %[  t c]ta9 s5t5ces :i* 
conta9 :o & :i* z relatives are         
ambigu\s 9 mean+1 & t ! sub/itution ( t 

w\ld make  ! mean+ cle>4 ,z to su*      
s5t5ces1 we may say t if !y are  really 
ambigu\s 9 s5se1 ! rem$y is to          
recon/ruct !m4 ,x is  n necess>y to use 
t to pull !m out ( _! obscurity4 ,x is  
easy1 h[ev]1 to %[ t a deta*$ s5t5ce    
might mean some?+  :i* x does n mean4 ,!
 mean+ ( a text is help$ out by !       
context4 ,aphorisms usually h n context 
auxili>ies1 & usually are  ambigu\s2 b !
 ord9>y use ( language is to express our
 mean+ by  p>agraphs r ?an by s+le      
s5t5ces4 ,e ellipsis furni%es an  op5+ =
 ! entrance ( small criticism2 &        
ellipsis is "o ( !  l>ge facts ( ,engli%
 writ+4    ,9 %ort1 ! critic ( ambigu\s 
s5t5ces w h abundant employm5t  on ! be/
 writ]s1 if he is all[$ to break (f any 
s5t5ce f its  yoke-fell[s 9 ! p>agraph4 
,we advise our read]s n to make ha/e  to
 adopt ! rule ( ,mr4 ,ayres4 ,!         
important "q is3 ,h[ d good  writ]s     
employ ! ^w t 9 _! books8 ,! answ] is t 
good  ,engli% writ]s employ ! ^w z a    
conjunction & z a demon/rative2  & z a  

relative only :5 phrase idiom compels   
su* use4 ,9 ?is  c\ntry1 ! practice is  
to use t a good deal z a relative2 b    
!re has be5 a great decl9e 9 ?is use (  
x1 especially dur+  ! la/ ?irty ye>s4   
,at ! pres5t "t our be/ writ]s seem to  
be  foll[+ ! ,engli% practice4 ,we hope 
t ,mr4 ,ayres w n succe$  9 turn+ re=m  
backw>d4 ,) :o & :i* to employ z        
relative  pron\ns--& occasional help f  
t1 :at1 & z1 9 idioms--!  ,engli%       
language is n poor4 ,we ne$ n recall !  
re/rictive t  f its honorable retirem5t4
      ,,edmund ,,ab\t4    ,! dea? ( ?is 
v]satile ,fr5* writ] removes f mod]n    
lit]ature  ano!r ( ! few ,fr5* lit]>y m5
 :o are kn[n all ov] !  _w4 ,ab\t 0 born
 9 #ahbh1 & has enjoy$ a cosmopolitan   
fame  s9ce #ahfj4 ,8 lit]>y "w _h ! *>m 
( contempor>y int]e/1  & at ! same "t ! 
m]it ( philosophical bread? & insight4  
,he ga9$ fame at home 9 a way our m5 (  
lett]s w\ld n travel1  by writ+ a       
,diction>y ( ,railroads4 ,he 0 equally  
int]e/+ &  in/ructive :e!r he wrote a   

novel or a political pamphlet2 = 9  bo?1
 ,edmund ,ab\t's p]sonality 0 9 !       
=egr\nd4 ,he 0 n an  egoti/1 h[ev]1 9 8 
books1 b 8 ,i 0 a mode/ "o :i* r        
reliev$ o!rs ( responsibility = 8       
op9ions1 ?an obtrusively  =c$ ! au?or ^u
 our admiration4 ,he _h a ke5 ze/ =     
curr5t  ?\ght & fact2 &1 ?\gh our       
s5sationali/ newspap] m5 w\ld n         
fell[%ip him1 he 0 "o ( ! be/ editors ( 
8 age4 ,he 0 always  an editor--ev5 :5  
he wrote ! railroad diction>y--& 8      
political  pamphlets are among ! be/    
pres5tations ( que/ions & situations4   
,he saw ! he>t ( a curr5t issue1 & )    
easy grace & p]fect  poise he describ$ x
 f ! po9t ( view ( a mod]n cosmopolitan 
g5tleman4 ,8 8,roman ,"q0 01 9 its day1 
equally intelligible1  int]e/+1 amus+ & 
illum9at+ 9 ,p>is1 ,london1 ,vi5na or   
,new  ,york4 ,he describ$ ! situation "u
 ! ,pope z ,k+ ( ,rome1 sett+  out 9    
full relief ^? peculi>ities ( ! ,roman  
situation :i* 7  picturesquely illogical
 = all m5 ( ! _w4 ,he _h a m>vel\s  p[] 

( sugge/ion4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! 8,roman 
,"q0 is l  ?is--we d n attempt to recall
 ! exact words or figures3 8,!re are  9 
! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur* #a1cff1cbh s\ls1 n   
c\nt+ ! little  ,mort>a boy40 ,! la/    
clause ref]r$ to a *>ge t prie/s at     
,rome  _h /ol5 a ,jewi% boy & 7 mak+ a  
good ,ca?olic ( him aga9/  ! w ( 8      
family4 ,! incid5t made a great upro> at
 ! "t1 &  ,ab\t recall$ to ! m9d ( !    
read] ! :ole /ory1 &1 )\t  express+ an  
op9ion1 attract$ ! sympa?y ( 8          
,prote/ant read]s  by ! m]e allusion4   
,probably 8 books conta9 m examples (   
/rong1  sugge/ive allusions to rec5t or 
contempor>y ev5ts1 ?an ^? ( any  o!r    
writ]2 & x 0 always 8 special art to    
allude only1 leav+  8 read] to 8 own    
op9ion4 ,! delicacy ( 8 t\* & ! f9e     
flavor ( 8 criticism 7 rem>kable1 ev5 9 
?is age ( ke5 &  witty ,fr5* writ]s4 ,he
 became editor ( ! ,,xix4 ,siecle       
7c5tury71  aft] ! w> ) ,g]many2 b he _h 
always be5 a j\rnali/ 9 "s  =m1 & m ?an 
"o pap] _h its editions suppress$ by    

,napoleon  ,,iii4 because !y conta9$ !  
f9e b bit+ satire ( ,ab\t4 ,"s  ye>s ago
 79 #ahgj1 we believe7 he 0 blackball$ 9
 ! ,fr5* ,academy1  b he 0 rec5tly      
elect$ to t augu/ body4 ,he di$ be=e he 
0  in/all$ 9 8 academic *air4           
,,editor',s ,,note-,,book4      ,we     
regret exce$+ly t a s]i\s illness makes 
x impossible =  ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,grant ,:ite
 to furni% 8 usual pap] to ! pres5t     
issue  ( ,,! ,,*autauquan4 ,ano!r mon?  
,mr4 ,:ite w probably be able to        
cont9ue 8 articles4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,!     
glimpse we are gett+1 ev5 at ?is e>ly   
day1 ( ! ,*autauqua  program = #ahhe1 is
 v invit+4 ,! regul> ,s*ool ( ,sci5ce w 
be  "u ! *>ge ( ,pr(4 ,edw>ds1 presid5t 
( ,*amb]la9 ,in/itute1  ,r&olph1 ,n4    
,y41 & t ( ,p$agogy1 "u ,dr4 ,dick9son1 
secret>y  ( ! bo>d ( education1 ,bo/on4 
,su* p w be pres5t z ,john  ,b4 ,g\gh1  
,dr4 ,deems1 ,miss ,will>d1 ,mrs4       
,liv]more1 ,bi%op ,fo/]1 ,dr4  ,bo>dman1
 ( ,philadelphia2 ,dr4 ,g4 ,p4 ,hays1 ( 

,d5v]1 :o w organize  a s*ool ( ,*ri/ian
 "w2 ! ,s*ub]t ,qu>tette1 ( ,*icago2 !  
orig9al ,fisk ,jubilee ,s+]s1 = two     
weeks1 & ,miss ,h5n+es1 !  not$ s+] (   
,clevel&1 ,o4 ,a v sup]ior organi/1     
,pr(4 ,isaac ,v4  ,flagl]1 has be5      
engag$ = ! entire ,*autauqua season4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,! al>m :i* ! rec5t t]rible e>?quake 9  
,spa9 has caus$ has  l$ to ! compilation
 ( "s int]e/+ figures relative to !     
numb]  ( %ocks :i* h occurr$ 9 late     
ye>s4 ,betwe5 #ahgb & #ahhc no  less ?an
 #cfd e>?quakes are record$ z occurr+ 9 
,canada & !  ,unit$ ,/ates1 n includ+   
,alaska4 ,( ^! ! ,pacific slope _h #aea1
  ! ,atlantic coa/ #adg1 & !            
,mississippi valley #ff4 ,?us x appe>s  
t an e>?quake occurs ab\t once 9 e      
twelve days some:]e 9  ! ,unit$ ,/ates &
 ,canada1 & ab\t once a mon? on !       
,atlantic  coa/4 ,^! are exclusive ( !  
light] tremors :i* d n make  an         
impression on obs]v]s1 b :i* w\ld be    
record$ by a prop]ly  con/ruct$         

seismomet]1 an in/rum5t design$ to      
detect ! slight]  %ocks4    8,j ab\t    
tw5ty ye>s ago10 writes ,dr4 ,felix     
,oswald 9 a rec5t  lett] to ,,!         
,,*autauquan1 8:5 ,i 0 /ation$ at ,sidi 
,belbez1 9  we/]n ,algi]s1 ,i _h a      
conv]sation ) a half-civiliz$ ,%eik1 :o 
_h visit$ our camp & seem$ to take a    
good deal ( int]e/ 9 !  portrait ( a    
mitrailleuse 70,gatl+ gun87 t _h be5    
photograph$  toge!r ) a gr\p ( ,z\ave   
artill]i/s4 ,aft] scrut9iz+ !  picture &
 comp>+ x ) ! orig9al1 he clut*$ 8 head1
 z if  /unn$ by 8 emotions4 #8,:]e d !y 
tea* su* ?+s8' he inquir$1  & !n sudd5ly
 bur/ out3 #8,:at a pity t education &  
,gatl+ guns  c n be _h at home6' ,=     
,nor? ,am]ica1 at lea/1 ,,! ,,*autauquan
  seems to h solv$ "o ( ^? problems40   
99       99       99       99       99  
,9 a yell[i%1 "t-worn volume be>+ !     
title1 ,! ,allegh5y  ,magaz9e1 or       
,repository ( ,useful ,k1 issu$ 9       
,meadville1 ,pa41  on ,july #d1 #ahaf1  
we f9d 9 a pap] on ,*autauqua ! foll[+3 

8,!  tradition among ! ,s5eca ,indians  
is1 t :5 _! ance/ors fir/  came to !    
m>g9 ( ?is ,*autauqua lake & _h recl9$  
_! we>y  limbs = ! night1 !y 7 r\s$ by a
 trem5d\s w9d :i* sudd5ly  & unexpect$ly
 br\ght ! waves ^u ! %ore to ! jeop>dy (
  _! lives4 ,! aborig9al hi/ory z h&$   
d[n f fa!r to son  fur!r repres5ts t 9 !
 confusion ( ! sc5e a *ild 0 swept  away
 by ! surge beyond ! possibility (      
recov]y4 ,h5ce ! "n (  ! lake           
,*aud-dauk-wa2 ! radix f :i* ?is is =m$ 
signify+  a *ild1 or some?+ respect+ a  
*ild4 ,! ^w is usually spell$           
,*autauqua2 b1 accord+ to !             
pronunciation ( ! v5]able  ,cornplant]1 
^: example is ! be/ au?ority1 x %\ld be 
writt5  ,*aud-dauk-wa1 ! two fir/       
syllables ( :i* are long1 & !  consonant
 at ! end ( ea* is to be di/9ctly       
s\nd$40           99       99       99  
99       99    ,mr4 ,francis ,murphy1 ! 
apo/le ( temp]ance1 :o1 by ! way1 is    
engag$ to speak at ,*autauqua next      
season1 is a v useful & popul>  man 9   

,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,mr4 ,murphy has      
rec5tly be5 invit$ to become !  pa/or ( 
a ,p's ,*ur* :i* lead+ citiz5s (        
,pittsburgh propose  to e/abli%4 ,he is 
a p[]ful man ) ! masses1 & 8 me?od (    
8,gospel-,temp]ance0 is a wise "o4 ,by 8
 ef=ts t5s ( ?\s&s (  dr9k]s1 drunk>ds &
 saloon keep]s h be5 l$ to become bett] 
m54 ,we %all wat* ! new dep>ture 9      
,pittsburgh ) a great deal (  int]e/4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,bi%op ,hur/ has discov]$ 9 ,cairo1     
,egypt1 ! next l>ge/ univ]sity  to      
,*autauqua 9 ! _w4 ,8 ri* article on !  
8,mohamm$an  ,univ]sity10 9 ?is         
impression1 fixes ! numb] ( /ud5ts 9    
att5dance at ab\t #ae1jjj4 ,! ,c4 ,l4   
,s4 ,c4 numb]s m ?an #fj1jjj1 &  ! class
 ( #ahhh1 organiz$ ?is s*ool ye>1 w rea*
 ne>ly1 if n  q1 #bj1jjj memb]s4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,! rec5t t]rible explosions 9 ,london h 
set u to c\nt+ up !  simil> outrages :i*
 h be5 p]petrat$ ( late 9 ,engl&4 ,9    
#ahha1  attempts 7 made to bl[ up !     

armory at ,sal=d1 ! ,mansion ,h\se1     
,london1 ! ,"l ,mayor's private ap>tm5t1
 ! b>racks at ,*e/]1 !  ,c5tral ,police 
,/ation at ,liv]pool1 & ! ,t[n ,hall at 
,liv]pool4  ,! activity ( ! dynamiteurs 
0 *eck$ ab\t ?is "t by !  vigilance ( ! 
police1 & no?+ fur!r 0 done until ,m>*  
#ae1  #ahhc1 :5 ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d
 (fices 9 ,we/m9/]1 ne> !  ,h\se (      
,p>liam5t1 7 ne>ly de/roy$ by an        
explosion ( dynamite4  ,9 #ahhd1        
attempts 7 made to %att] ?ree railway   
/ations 9 ,london1  explosions occurr$ 9
 ,scotl& ,y>d & at ,/4 ,james ,squ>e &  
"u  ,london ,bridge4 ,already1 9 #ahhe1 
!re h be5 an explosion on a ,london     
und]gr\nd railway1 & ! outrages 9       
,we/m9/] ,palace & ! ,t[]4           99 
99       99       99       99    ,:at   
%all we d8 ,h[ %all we treat ^!         
outrages8 ,we c d no?+4  ,to be sure x  
is a %ameful li/ ( c[>dly1 ineffectual  
de$s4 ,yet  !y des]ve m pity ?an rage4  
,x is a sad ?\ght1 t 9 ri*1  cultur$1   
high-br$ old ,engl&1 !re c exi/ a class 

s weak1 cruel1  & mis]able t x tries to 
"r its wrongs by me?ods m horrible  ?an 
^? ( w>4           99       99       99 
99       99    ,a v sugge/ive sc5e took 
place rec5tly 9 ! ,arkansas ,assembly4  
,engross+ & enroll+ cl]ks 7 to be       
elect$4 ,! memb]s br\ght  up ! names (  
sev]al ladies1 discuss+ _! ability1     
beauty1 &  claims to recognition1 9 mo/ 
eloqu5t t]ms4 ,aft] a long & amus+      
discussion1 bo? positions 7 fill$ by    
ladies4 ,?is move gives to  !           
self-support+ wom5 ( ,arkansas a new    
outlook4 ,! possibility (  secur+ su*   
positions w incite hundr$s ( wom5 to    
prep>e =  cl]k%ips1 :i* if n f\nd 9 !   
legislature w surely be f\nd  else:]e1 z
 ! peculi> ability ( wom5 = su* "w is   
recogniz$4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,! legislature (
 ,georgia1 at its pa/ session provid$ a 
simil>  opportunity = ! wom5 )9 its     
bord]s4 ,eight to t5 cl]ks h  be5       
regul>ly employ$ ea* session to assi/ ! 
cl]k ( ! l[]  h\se ( ! legislature4 ,(  

its own accord ! ,h\se direct$ t  wom5  
be h]eaft] employ$ to fill ^! positions4
 ,?is 0 done1 &  ! bills engross$ by !m 
are said to h be5 rem>kably neat &      
accurate4 ,?is ready sympa?y = ! wom5 :o
 mu/ e>n _! bread1  & manly ef=t to make
 places = !m1 is v *>act]i/ic ( !  g5]\s
 s\!rn he>t4           99       99      
99       99       99    ,! ,assembly at 
,lake de ,funiak1 ,florida1 w be 9      
session :5 ?is  numb] ( ,,! ,,*autauquan
 is on its way to our subscrib]s4 ,!    
op5+  takes place on ,febru>y #ah4 ,x is
 ! fir/ attempt at plant+ !  ,*autauqua 
,idea s f> s\?1 b aft] its fa%ion x is  
sure to take  root4 ,! prep>ations made 
by ,mr4 ,gillet & 8 associates give     
promise  ( a good program4 ,we expect an
 acc\nt ( ! meet+ = ! ,april  numb] (   
,,! ,,*autauquan4           99       99 
99       99       99    ,two big s*emes 
to attract patronage h ( late come be=e 
!  c\ntry4 ,at ! "t ! ,new ,orleans     
,exposition seem$ to /agg] "u  its load 
( exp5se1 & money 0 absolutely necess>y1

 ! ,l\isiana  ,lott]y tri$ to get       
control ( ! ,exposition4 ,g5]al ,grant's
  emb>rassm5t 0 seiz$ ^u by !           
incorrigible ,b>num1 :o propos$  buy+ ! 
invaluable curiosities & relics ( !     
,g5]al1 to display  9 8 summ]           
pilgrimages ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 ,x makes a  
p]son (  ta/e blu% to ?9k ( ?is         
impud5ce1 to rememb] t !re is a v  l>ge 
class ( p :o are will+ to drag into     
adv]tis+ ! mo/  dignifi$ & sacr$        
in/itutions 9 ! c\ntry4           99    
99       99       99       99    ,!     
comm]cial side ( ,*autauqua ,lake does n
 (t5 reveal itself 9  ! educational "w  
:i* f9ds its c5t] !re4 ,! beautiful     
c\ntry  :i* =ms ! sett+ = ! fair lake   
has1 h[ev]1 m ?an "o  mo/ int]e/+       
indu/ry4 ,j n[ ice cutt+ is at its      
height4 ,!re  is a transit company :i*  
packs dress$ meats1 eggs1 butt]1 & o!r  
p]i%able articles1 at ,*icago4 ,:5 ^!   
refrig]ator c>s />t f  t city1 ice is   
plac$ 9 ! c>s1 :i* is expect$ & f\nd to 
keep  ! /ores 9 fre% condition1 z f> z  

,salamanca2 "h ! c>s mu/  be repl5i%$1 &
 x is to ^! /oreh\ses t ! ice :i* is n[ 
be+ cut f ! lake is s5t4 ,! company     
employs m5 & teams ne>  ! lake to cut ! 
ice1 & ! process is a v int]e/+ "o4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,mr4 ,edmund ,yates1 ! editor ( !       
,london ,_w1 has be5 committ$  to prison
 = f\r mon?s = all[+ 9 8 columns a bit (
 gossip  connect+ 9 an injuri\s /atem5t 
! "n ( a "y woman )  t ( a "y nobleman4 
,x is a refre%+ sign ( ! times4 ,popul> 
s5tim5t has tol]at$ an imm5se am\nt (   
p]sonality1 ( curiosity1  & ( absolute  
impud5ce 9 ! social columns ( newspap]s4
 ,mr4  ,yates's puni%m5t w emphasize !  
fact t ! public is n s  deprav$ z       
editors (t5 consid] x4 ,by ! way1 h[ l  
is ?is  affair to t e>li] "o ( ,mr4     
,yates's1 :5 he 0 turn$ out ( !  ,g>rick
 ,club = publi%+ a disrespectful        
p>agraph ab\t ,?ack]ay1 a  fell[-memb]4 
,x is to be hop$ t ,mr4 ,yates w soon   
le>n t x  is a mean ?+ to make "o's     
bread by sell+ a fri5d's peculi>ities   

or a neighbor's mi/akes & s9s4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,! ,*ri/ian revolt ( ! ,jews (          
,bess>abia1 & ! e/abli%m5t  ( !         
8,national ,jewi% ,society ( ! ,new     
,te/am5t10 0 discuss$ by  ,bi%op ,hur/ 9
 ! ,janu>y issue ( ?is magaz9e4 ,! f\nd]
 ( ?is  new sect1 ,rab9[itz1 has be5    
s9ce f\nd dead at 8 home 9 ,ki%5ev4  ,x 
is believ$ t he 0 murd]$4 ,! ,*ri/ian   
au?orities believe  t x is ! "w ( !     
or?odox ,hebrews1 & x is n improbable  t
 su* is ! case4 ,apo/asy 9 religion v   
r>ely receives f  m5 ,gamaliel's advis$ 
treatm5t1 & unless ! law c secure safety
  = ^! re=m]s1 !re is b little *ance t  
!y w escape  ! fate :i* all ! hi/ory ( !
 pa/ tea*es u t religi\s  fanaticism    
believes to be ! j & only treatm5t4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,x is gratify+ to "k t 9 all probability
 ! #bej1jjj requir$  = ! p$e/al ( !     
,b>?oldi /atue w soon be 9 ! h&s  ( !   
committee4 ,! difficulty 9 rais+ ! money
 has reveal$ a  new side ( ,am]ican     

g5]osity4 ,! f9ancial ag5t ( ! p$e/al   
committee probably expla9$ x1 :5 he said
 rec5tly3 8,! ,am]ican  p are peculi>   
ab\t ^! matt]s4 ,y t\* _! sympa?ies  &  
s5sibilities1 & money fl[s l wat]4 ,=   
flood or fire  suff]]s y c raise a      
million doll>s 9 =ty-eight h\rs & h  a  
million m advanc$ = em]g5cies by bank]s 
:o "k t x  w be promptly replac$ by     
will+ giv]s4 ,b we hav5't got along  to 
! appreciation ( art--( great ma/]pieces
 l ! ,b>?oldi  /atue--& s x 0 h>d to    
raise money = x4 ,9 ,france1 "u simil>  
conditions1 ! fund w\ld h be5 rais$ 9 a 
week40           99       99       99   
99       99    ,apropos ( ! above a /ep 
t is be+ tak5 9 _m cities & t[ns  (     
late1 w und\bt$ly d mu* to cultivate    
among u ! lam5t$ lack  ( 8appreciation (
 art40 ,x is ! e/abli%m5t ( city &      
village  art museums4 ,worce/]1 ,mass41 
has _h #be1jjj left to h]1 rec5tly1 to  
inve/ 9 an art museum4 ,small] sums h   
be5 rais$ 9 sev]al o!r  t[ns4 ,a good   
opportunity to /udy art ?or\ghly may be 

secur$ to any  village by a donation (  
#a1jjj4 ,ca/s1 photographs1 engrav+s1 & 
a  few /&>d works are suffici5t to      
cultivate correct ideas1 & lay  !       
f\ndation ( k4 ,x is ! only way 9 :i* to
 raise !  /&>d ( ta/e 9 ! villages      
remote f ! few cities ( ,am]ica  :i*    
boa/ art museums4           99       99 
99       99       99    ,! "q ( ! date (
 ! bir? ( ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,br[n+      
int]e/$ ! read]s ( ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 "s 
"t ago4 ,! ye> alone  0 asc]ta9$4 ,if   
any "o 0 tr\bl$ t we 7 unable to answ]  
! qu]y exactly1 ! answ] ( ,mr4 ,rob]t   
,br[n+ to a lady ask+ =  ! date ( ,mrs4 
,br[n+'s bir? may be ( "s consolation3  
8,i "k  nei!r ! day1 mon?1 nor ye> (    
,elizabe? ,b>rett ,br[n+'s bir?4  ,x is 
a subject ^u :i* ,i h nev] _h ! slighte/
 curiosity40           99       99      
99       99       99    ,"o ( ! mo/     
active public m5 ( ! la/ g5]ation has   
be5  ,s*uyl] ,colfax4 ,he has be5       
prom95t1 bo? z a political lead] &  z a 
public speak]4 ,mr4 ,colfax's life ( a  

little m ?an sixty ye>s  0 imm5sely     
busy4 ,he made 8 c>e]1 beg9n+ z err& boy
 &  cl]k 9 8 gr&fa!r's /ore4 ,aft] he 0 
eighte5 ye>s ( age  he took up ! /udy ( 
law1 !n laun*+ out z a j\rnali/1 &      
f9ally1 at tw5ty-five1 ent]+ ! _w (     
politics z secret>y (  ! ,:ig ,national 
,conv5tion1 to :i* he _h be5 s5t z a    
delegate4  ,:5 ! new ,republican p>ty 0 
/>t$1 ,mr4 ,colfax 0 s5t z a            
repres5tative to ,congress1 & f t "t he 
0 closely id5tifi$  ) 8 p>ty1 s]v+      
p>ticul>ly z ,speak] & ,vice ,presid5t4 
,he 0 ( t l>ge class ( indu/ri\s1 quick 
witt$ m5 :o make  !mselves indisp5sable 
9 :atev] relations !y are plac$4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,! 8,imp]ial ,diction>y0 promises to be 
! rival ( all ! old  /&>d diction>ies   
among s*ol>ly p4 ,its =m is f\r good    
siz$ volumes1 :i* signifies t ! ,engli% 
language gr[s &  gr[s1 & t words ne$    
full] explanation4 ,mr4 ,gild]1 editor (
  ,! ,c5tury1 expla9$ to u1 :5 on a     
rec5t pleasant visit to !  ,c5tury      

(fices1 t ! 8,imp]ial ,diction>y0 0     
built on 8,web/]'s  ,diction>y0 9       
,engl&1 & t s*ol>ly m5 _h devot$ t5 ye>s
 to  ! task4 ,n[ ! ,c5tury ,company h m 
?an two hundr$ s*ol>s  engag$ 9 mak+    
improvem5ts on ! ,engli% edition4 ,x w  
be sev5  ye>s be=e ! new ,am]ican       
edition w be ready = ! m>ket4           
99       99       99       99       99  
,a timely & practical dep>tm5t ( !      
,*autauqua ,univ]sity is !  ,s*ool (    
,j\rnalism4 ,?is s*ool is "u ! able     
direction ( ,h4 ,w4  ,mabie1 "o ( !     
editors ( ! ,*ri/ian ,union4 ,! dem& =  
su*  s*ools is great1 & ! fact t all !  
"w betwe5 tea*] &  pupil 9 ?is new      
und]tak+ w be conduct$ by correspond5ce1
 is an  additional argum5t 9 its favor4 
,! plan is briefly ?is3 ,?ree c\rses  ( 
/udy1 ) supplem5t>y read+s = ^? :o h "t 
= !m1  h be5 prep>$2 !ses are expect$ on
 subjects assign$1 & ^!  w be criticis$ 
) special ref]5ce to vigor\s /yle2      
con/ant  correspond5ce w furni% ne$$    
help & h9ts4 ,! plan is a wise  "o1 its 

director is able1 & !re is no d\bt b !re
 are num]\s  "y m5 & wom5 to :om x w op5
 ! long desir$ way out ( !  woods4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,"o ( ! mo/ romantic spots ( ,am]ican   
hi/ory is t ( ! ,florida  ,*autauqua4   
,ponce de ,leon's fam\s que/ = ! ,f\nta9
 ( ,y\? lay  ?r\gh ?is region1 & ,lake  
de ,funiak itself is fabl$ to be "o ( ! 
spr+s by :i* ! old knight encamp$4      
,p]haps "h he plung$ into  ! cle> wat]s 
& va9ly wait$ to see himself *ang$ to   
vigor\s  y\? aga94 ,h[ev] t may be1 !   
road he laid out is a ?or\ghf>e  =      
,florida travel]s to-day1 & ab\t ! cle> 
lake /ill hangs !  tradition t x is !   
fabl$ ,f\nta9 ( ,y\?4 ,t5 miles f ,lake 
de  ,funiak is a second spr+ :i* /ill   
be>s ! gallant ,spani>d's "n4  ,x w be a
 r>e opportunity = dream+ ov] ^? e>ly   
adv5tures  t visitors to ,lake de       
,funiak w h4           99       99      
99       99       99    ,! propos$ new  
^w1 8,?on10 :i* 0 sugge/$ 9 ! program 9 
,,!  ,,*autauquan = ,janu>y z a suitable

 subject = an essay1 seems to h  caus$  
our read]s "s tr\ble4 ,a ^w (           
explanation may help !m4 ,we  h no      
pron\n ( ! s+ul> numb] & common g5d] 9  
,engli%4 ,!  abs5ce ( su* a ^w leads to 
_m awkw>d circumlocutions4 ,to obviate  
?is tr\ble ,mr4 ,c4 ,c4 ,conv]se1 a     
lawy]1 has comp\nd$ ! ^w  ?on1 f t &    
"o--decl9$3 nom9ative ?on1 possessive   
?ons1 objective ?on4 ,its use is evid5t4
 ,9 ?is s5t5ce is an  example3 ,if      
,george or ,anna w meet me ,i w g ) ?on4
 ,! ^w  has be5 mu* discuss$ & mu*      
amusem5t is caus$ by us+ x--a  practice 
:i*1 h[ev]1 demon/rates ! ne$ we h = su*
 a ^w4  ,pr(4 ,m>*1 ( ,lafayette        
,college1 writes3 8,i d n "k t any o!r  
vocable w\ld h s good a *ance = ?is     
vacancy40 ,pr(4 ,norton1 (  ,h>v>d1     
says3 8,su* a pron\n w\ld und\bt$ly be a
 conv5i5ce1 did x  exi/4 ,! difficulty  
lies 9 x be+ y\rs4 ,all =ms ( spee* h   
gr[n1 & ,i d n recall an in/ance ( ! use
 by a civiliz$ race (  any ^w1 n a n\n  
or a v]b1 delib]ately inv5t$ by a       

philolog]1  h[ev] +5i\s40          ,c4  
,l4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,notes ,,on ,,requir$      
,,read+s ,,= ,,m>*4      ,,college      
,,greek ,,c\rse ,,9 ,,engli%4           
,articles on ,euripides may be f\nd 9 ! 
foll[+ works3 ,mahaffy's  8,classical   
,greek ,lit]ature20 ,blackwell's        
8,introduction to ! ,classics20         
8,/udies ( ! ,greek ,poets10 by ,j4 ,a4 
,symonds2 ,encyclopdia ,britannica2     
8,phton10 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e1 vol4 xlv1  
p4 #dhh2 8,sea ,/udies0 7,j4  ,a4       
,fr\de71 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e1 vol4 xci1 p4
 #eda2 8,v9dication (  ,euripides10     
,national ,qu>t]ly1 vol4 xix1 p4 #a4    
,p4 #ahh4--8,! ,rag+ ,h]cules40 ,"o ( ! 
mo/ preci\s rema9s (  ,euripides1 full (
 tragic pa?os4 ,:ile ,h]cules is abs5t f
 home1  ,lycos1 tyrant ( ,!bes1         
p]secutes 8 fa!r1 wife & *ildr54 ,z  !y 
are ab\t to be put to dea?1 ,h]cules    
returns & a sc5e (  v5geance foll[s1 &  
,lycos is ! "o to suff] dea?4           
8,balau/ion10 ba-lausti-on4             
8,sicilian ,exp$ition40 ,see 8,brief    

,hi/ory ( ,greece10 page #ca4    ,p4    
#aia4--8,mi/ress40 ,artemis4    ,p4     
#aib4--8;,i-olcos40 ,an anci5t t[n 9    
,!ssaly1 ! place f :i* !  ,argonauts set
 sail4    8,/ygian b>ge40 ,! ,greek's   
view ( ! _w ent]$ imm$iately aft]  dea? 
is giv5 9 ! foll[+ quotation f          
,seemann's 8,classical  ,my?ology30 8,x 
0 suppos$ to be a region 9 ! c5t] ( !   
e>?1  ) sev]al passages to & f ! upp]   
_w4 ,?r\gh x fl[$  sev]al               
riv]s--,co-cytus1 ,pyri-phlege-?on1     
,a*e-ron & ,/yx4 ,!  la/ ( ^! encompass$
 ! l[] _w sev]al times1 & c\ld only  be 
cross$ by ! aid ( ,*>on1 ! f]ryman1 :o 0
 depict$ z a  sull5 old man ) a bri/l+  
be>d4 ,! ,greeks1 !re=e1 us$ to  place  
an obolus 7small copp] co97 9 ! m\?s (  
_! dead1 9 ord]  t ! s\l might n be     
turn$ back by ,*>on = lack ( money4 ,on 
! f>!r side ( ! riv] ! portals 7 wat*$  
by ! dreadful  hell-h\nd ,c]b]us1 a     
?ree-head$ mon/]1 :o refus$ no "o       
entrance1  b all[$ none to leave ! h\se 
( ,pluto4 ,all s\ls on rea*+ !  l[] _w  

_h to appe> be=e ! tribunal ( ,m9os1    
,rhadaman?us1 &  acus4 ,^? ^: lives _h  
be5 upright 7 !n p]mitt$ to ent]        
,elysium1 :]e !y l$ a life ( un9t]rupt$ 
bliss2 :ile ^? :o on  e>? _h be5 crim9al
 & wick$ 7 consign$ to ,t>t>us1 :]e !y  
7 torm5t$ by ! ,furies & o!r evil       
spirits4 ,^? ^: lives  _h n be5 di/9ctly
 good or bad rema9$ 9 ! ,asphodel       
,mead[1  :]e1 z dim %ad[s1 !y pass$ a   
dull1 joyless exi/5ce40    ,p4          
#aid4--8,kor10 kr4 ,p]sephone or        
,pros]p9e1 ! wife ( ,pluto4    ,p4      
#aie4--8,moirai10 moyr4    ,p4          
#aig4--8,/rophe40 ,9 ,greek trag$y1 9   
its highe/ developm5t1 !re  0 a gr\p (  
p]sons1 compos$ ( bo? sexes1 :o         
con/itut$ !  *orus4 ,:5 ! actors paus$ !
 *orus sung or spoke1 accompani$ by     
solemn music1 mov+ f "o side ( ! /age to
 ! o!r4 ,! "t  ( ?is movem5t 0 adapt$ to
 ! /anzas1 s t "o1 call$ !  /rophe1 0   
giv5 z !y pass$ 9 "o direction1 & !     
next1 !  anti/rophe1 z !y pass$ back4   
8,daught] ( ,pelias40 ,alce/is4         

8,sev5-*ord$ %ell40 ,tradition tells t !
 fir/ lyre 0 made by  ,m]cury1 out ( !  
%ell ( a tortoise1 :i* he caught a few  
h\rs  aft] 8 bir?4 ,lyres 7 employ$ 9   
recitations ( epic poetry1 &  consi/$ ( 
a tortoise %ell s\nd+ bottom1 f :i*     
arose two  horns1 jo9$ ne> ! top by a   
transv]se piece ( wood1 to :i* !  upp]  
ends ( ! /r+s1 usually sev5 9 numb]1 :i*
 7 /ret*$  p]p5dicul>ly f ! bottom1 7   
fa/5$4    8,c>nean fea/40 ,"o ( ! great 
national fe/ivals ( ,sp>ta1 held 9      
honor ( ,apollo1 :o _h = a surname      
,c>neus1 :i* 0 d]iv$ by "s  f ,c>nus1 a 
son ( ,jupit] & ,latona1 & by o!rs f    
,c>nus1 a  soo?say]4    ,p4             
#aii4--8,lu/ral ba?40 ,9 _! e>ly hi/ory 
! only rite (  purification obs]v$ by ! 
,greeks 0 t ( ablution 9 wat]1 b        
aft]w>d sacrifices & o!r c]emonies 7    
add$4 ,^! 7 us$ to  purify individuals1 
armies & /ates1 & to secure ! bless+ (  
! gods4 ,! ^w lu/ral is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 
v]b lu/ro &  signifies to purify by     
means ( propitiatory (f]+s4    ,p4      

#bjj4--8,o?rys40 ,a range ( m\nta9s 9   
,!ssaly4    8,py?ian's sake40 ,apollo's 
sake4    ,p4 #bje4--,! l9es at ! top ( !
 page1 spok5 by ,h]cules1 conta9  ! same
 s5tim5t t runs all ?r\gh 8,rubiyt10 !  
poem writt5  by ,om> ,khayym4 ,comp>e ! 
extracts f ?is book giv5 9 ! 8,talk     
,ab\t ,books10 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan =     
,febru>y1 #ahhe1 ) ^! /anzas4  ,to fur!r
 %[ ! simil>ity 9 ?\ght1 we select "o   
/anza f !  poem3        8,wa/e n y\r    
h\r1 nor 9 ! va9 pursuit         ,( ?is 
& t1 endeavor & dispute2       ,bett] be
 jocund ) ! fruitful grape         ,?an 
sadd5 aft] none1 or bitt] fruit40    ,p4
 #bjf4--8;,asclepian tra910 z-clepi-an4 
,tra9 ( physicians1 :o are  (t5 call$ ! 
desc5dants ( sculapius1 ! god ( ! m$ical
 art4    ,p4 #baj4--8;,gorgon40 ,a      
t]rible w+$ woman1 :o dwelt ) h] two    
si/]s  on ! bord]s ( ,oceanus1 ! riv] t 
fl[$ ar\nd ! anci5t  _w4 ,%e 0 behead$  
by ,p]seus1 :o accompli%$ ! p]il\s task 
by  ! help ( ,h]mes & ,a!na4    ,p4     
#baa4--8,son ( ,/h5elus10 /h5e-lus4     

,euri/heus1 :o assign$ to  ,h]cules 8   
twelve labors4    ,p4                   
#bab4--8;,electra40 ,daught] (          
,agamemnon & ,clytemne/ra4 ,on ! return 
( ,agamemnon f ! ,trojan w>1            
,clytemne/ra & h] p>am\r murd]$  him4   
,:5 h] "y bro!r1 ,ore/es1 _h gr[n to    
manhood1 ,electra  excit$ him to av5ge !
 dea? ( ,agamemnon1 & assi/$ him 9 slay+
  _! "m4    ,p4 #bac4--8,m$ea40 ,! wife 
( ,jason1 ! ,argonautic h]o4            
8,pi]ia10 pi-eri-a4 ,a n>r[ /rip (      
c\ntry along ! s\!a/]n  coa/ (          
,mac$onia4    8,h>monia40 ,daught] (    
,m>s & ,v5us1 & wife ( ,cadmus4    ,p4  
#baf4--;,9 connection ) ! *apt] on      
,ar-is-tophan-es1 ! foll[+  works may be
 read3 ,mahaffy's 8,classical ,greek    
,lit]ature0 7read+s  w be f\nd 9 ?is    
book on all ! *>act]s m5tion$ 9         
8,college  ,greek ,c\rse071             
8,ari/ophanes10 ,national ,qu>t]ly1 vol4
 iii1 p4 #gj3  ,fras]'s ,magaz9e1 vol4  
xii1 p4 #bbb4    ,p4 #bai4--8;,creon40  
,cleon is meant1 ! 8lea!r-sell]0 :o =   

six ye>s  0 ! mo/ influ5tial man 9      
,a!ns4 ,he took comm& ( ! =ces at       
,sphac-teri-a1 dur+ ! ,peloponnesian w>1
 & fulfill$ ! promise  he _h boa/+ly    
made1 t he w\ld capture ! ,sp>tans )9   
tw5ty  days if ! ,a!nians w\ld s5d him  
aga9/ !m4    ,p4 #bbj4--8,tableaux      
vivants10 t-bl v-v4 ,liv+               
repres5tations1 9  :i* p]sons are gr\p$ 
z 9 pictures4 ,we frequ5tly use only !  
fir/ ( ^! ,fr5* words4    8,sophi/40 ,! 
,sophi/s 7 ! lead+ public tea*]s 9      
,greece  dur+ ! fif? & f\r? c5turies ,b4
 ,c4 ,9 its orig9al s5se1 !  ^w meant a 
wise man1 & z su* c\ld prop]ly be appli$
 to ,socrates4  ,b 9 8 day1 z a class1  
!y 7 8o/5tati\s impo/]s1 flatt]+  & dup+
 ! ri* = ! sake ( p]sonal ga940    ,p4  
#bbe4--8,rhea40 ,! wife ( ,saturn1 & !  
great goddess ( ! _w4    8,hebrus40 ,!  
pr9cipal riv] 9 ,?race4    ,p4          
#bbf4--,read+s on ,p9d> w be f\nd 9     
,talf\rd's 8,hi/ory ( ,greek            
,lit]ature10 ,national ,qu>t]ly1 vol4   
xxxii1 p4 #bjc2 ,london ,magaz9e1  vol4 

ii1 p4 #fj4    ,read+s on ,sappho1 ,!   
,atlantic 7,t4 ,w4 ,higg9son71 vol4     
xxviii1 p4 #hc2  ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e1 vol4 
lvi1 p4 #agg2 ,appleton's ,magaz9e1 vol4
 vi1 p4  #aeh4    ,read+s on ,simonides1
 ,we/m9/] ,review1 vol4 xxxii1 p4 #ii2  
,fras]'s  ,magaz9e1 vol4 ii1 p4 #eb4    
,p4 #bbh4--8;,di?yrambics10             
di?-y-rambics4 ,orig9ally songs 9 honor 
(  ,bac*us2 lat]1 any poems writt5 9 a  
wild & en?usia/ic mann]4    8,!         
,ivy-clad ,boy40 ,bac*us4    8,bromius40
 ,"o ( ! surnames ( ,bac*us1 signify+ ! 
%\t]4    8,eriboas40 ,see index (       
8,college ,greek ,c\rse40    ,p4        
#bbi4--8,prophet ( ,nemea's /r&40       
,jupit]4    8,or*om5us10 or-kome-nus4   
,an anci5t & p[]ful city ( ,botia4      
8,m9yans40 ,an anci5t ,greek race1 said 
to h migrat$ f ,!ssaly4  ,_! ance/ral   
h]o1 ,m9yas1 is said to h be5 a son (   
,neptune4    ,p4 #bcj4--8;,a-glaia10    
8,eu-phrosy-ne10 8,?a-lia40 ,! names ( !
 ,graces4    8,a-spi-*us40 ,see index to
 8,college ,greek ,c\rse40              

8,cle-o-dmus40 ,usually writt5 ,cleodu4 
,a desc5dant ( ,h]cules1 :o  made an    
unsuccessful attempt to lead ! ,h]aclid 
back into _! own  l&1 ! ,peloponnesus4  
,tem5us1 8 gr&son1 succe$$ 9 ! attempt4 
8,bell]ophon40 ,a ,cor9?ian1 :o obta9$  
possession ( ! w+$ horse1  ,pegasus1 :o 
rose ) him into ! air1 :5ce by means (  
arr[s he  kill$ ! ,*imra1 a fire-brea?+ 
mon/] :i* _h ?ree heads1 "o  t ( a lion1
 "o ( a dragon1 & "o ( a goat4 ,x _h    
made great  havoc 9 ,lycia & ! surr\nd+ 
c\ntries4 ,aft]w>d he conqu]$  !        
,solymi1 a w>like race inhabit+ !       
m\nta9s ( ,lycia1 & !  ,amazons1 a      
my?ical1 w>like race ( females4    ,p4  
#bcb4--8,typhon40 ,a mon/] :o wi%$ to   
acquire ! sov]eignty ( gods  & m51 b :o 
0 subdu$1 aft] a fe>ful /ruggle1 by     
,jupit]1 &  conf9$ 9 a ,cicilian cave4  
,he begot ! w9ds4    ,p4                
#bcc4--8,phala-ris10 ,b4 ,c4 #egj4 ,a   
cruel & inhuman tyrant (  ,agrig5tum1 :o
 0 put to dea? 9 a sudd5 outbreak (     
popul> fury4  ,he is said to h burn$    

alive ! victims ( 8 cruelty1 9 a l>ge   
braz5 bull4    ,p4 #bdj4--8;,a-donis40  
,a beautiful y\? belov$ by ,v5us4 ,he   
di$ f a  w\nd :i* he receiv$ f a wild   
bo>4 ,! grief ( ! goddess 0  s great t !
 gods ( ! l[] _w all[$ ,adonis to return
 to  ! e>? = six mon?s e ye>4 ,9 ?is my?
 ! dea? ( ! y\?  e ye> probably         
repres5ts w9t]1 & 8 return1 summ]4      
8,cypris0 & 8,cy?-e-rea40 ,v5us4    ,p4 
#bda4--8;,are?usa40 ,! nymph ( ! fam\s  
f\nta9 ( ,are?usa1 on !  isl& (         
,ortygia4    ,p4 #bdb4--8,meles40 ,a    
small /ream 9 ,ionia1 on ! bank ( :i*   
,hom] is  said to h be5 born4           
8,pegassean f\nta940 ,! inspir+ well ( !
 muses on ,mt4 ,helicon1  said to h be5 
=m$ f a kick giv5 by ,pegasus4 ,x is    
sometimes  call$ ! ,hippocr5e4          
8,daught] ( ,tynd>us40 ,hel5 ( ,troy4   
8,son ( ,!tis40 ,a*illes4    8,eros40   
,cupid4    8,al-cides40 ,h]cules4       
8,orpheus40 ,see ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 ,notes 
9 ,,! ,,*autauquan = ,novemb]1 #ahhd4   
,eurydice is ! wife ( ,orpheus1 in/ead (

 ,pros]p9e1 z !re /at$4    ,p4          
#bdd4--8;,daphnis40 ,a ,sicilian h]o1   
son ( ,m]cury1 & a nymph4 ,a ,naiad     
fell 9 love ) him & made him swe> he    
w\ld nev] love ano!r4 ,b  he met & lov$ 
a pr9cess1 & ! ,naiad smote him )       
bl9dness4 ,he  bes\ght 8 fa!r = help1 & 
! latt] remov$ him to ! abode (  ! gods1
 & caus$ a f\nta9 to gu% =? on ! spot   
:5ce he 0  tak5 up4    8,?irsis40 ,a    
h]dsman :o lam5ts ! dea? ( ,daphnis4    
8,priapus40 ,son ( ,bac*us4 ,"o ( !     
div9ities presid+ ov]  agricultural     
pursuits4    ,p4 #bde4--8;,gl9-gale40 ,a
 ru%-l1 or grass-l plant1 (t5 call$     
s$ge4    8,ly-caon's son40 ,p&>us4 ,"o (
 ! comm&]s 9 ! ,trojan w>4    ,p4       
#bdf4--8;,cicala10 si-cl4 ,usually      
writt5 cicada4 ,! locu/4    ,p4         
#bdg4--8;,dilettanteism10               
dil-et-tante-ism4 ,admiration ( ! f9e   
arts4    ,p4 #bea4--8;,golgi40 ,a       
,sicyonian colony1 inhabit+ a t[n ( !   
same "n  9 ,cypris4    8,idalium40 ,a   
t[n ( ,cypris4    ,p4 #bec4--;,=        

supplem5t>y read+ on ,demo/h5es see     
,talf\rd's 8,hi/ory  ( ,greek           
,lit]ature20 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 
vol4 xxii1 p4 #cd2 ,new  ,york ,review1 
vol4 ix1 p4 #a2 ,national ,review1 vol4 
xii1 p4 #ii4    ,p4 #bee4--8;,ignatius  
,loyola10 ig-na%eus loi-ola4            
7#adia-aeef47 ,a ,spani>d2  ! f\nd] ( ! 
,society ( ,jesus4 ,he s]v$ z page 9 !  
c\rt (  ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 & lat]      
engag$ 9 ! w>s aga9/ ! ,fr5*  & !       
,moors4 ,he 0 sev]ely w\nd$ 9 battle1 & 
0 made lame4  ,8 ?\ghts 7 !n turn$ t[>d 
a religi\s life4 ,long fa/s &  sc\rg+s  
(t5 br\ght him ne> to dea?4 ,he att5d$ !
 ,univ]sity  ( ,p>is1 :]e he took !     
ma/]'s degree at ! age ( =ty-?ree4      
,aft]w>d he ga!r$ a few foll[]s ab\t him
 z ! nucleus = 8  society1 :i* 9 a %ort 
"t became s fam\s4    ,p4               
#bgj4--8,m>gites40 ,a poem ascrib$ to   
,hom]1 :i* holds up to ridicule  a man  
:o pret5d$ to "k _m ?+s1 & knew no?+    
well4    ,p4 #bge4--8,milo40 ,a ,roman (
 d>+ & unscrupul\s "*4 ,he 0  impea*$ = 

brib]y & = int]f]+ ) ! fre$om (         
elections1  & ,cic]o und]took 8 def5se4 
,p4 #bgh4--8;,cyrcilus40 ,! /on+ ( ?is  
man & 8 family occurr$ :5  ! ,a!nians1  
"u ,!mi/ocles1 retreat$ f _! city to    
,salamis1  aft] le>n+ t ,!rmopyl 0 9 !  
possession ( ! ,p]sians4    ,p4         
#bha4--8,laocon40 ,:ile ! ,trojans 7    
debat+ :e!r !y %\ld  receive ! wood5    
horse into ! city1 ,laocon1 a prie/1    
ru%$ =w>d  & w>n$ !m n to d x1 & /ruck 8
 spe> into its side4 ,z a  puni%m5t1    
,m9]va s5t two mon/r\s s]p5ts1 :i* cru%$
 him &  8 two sons to dea?4    ,p4      
#bhb4--8;,bema40 ,a rais$ place1 f :i*  
an orator address$ public  assemblies4  
,,*emi/ry4    ,p4 #gg4--8;,*amps de     
,m>s10 ,% duh ,m>s4 ,field ( ,m>s4 ,! "n
 giv5  to ! place devot$ to milit>y     
ex]cises 9 ,france4 ,x is an ext5sive   
p>ade gr\nd1 ab\t #c1jjj feet long &    
#a1ejj feet wide1 ly+ on !  left bank ( 
! ,se9e4 ,!re are f\r r[s ( trees on ea*
 side1 & x  is ent]$ by five gates4 ,x 0
 f9i%$ 9 #agij1 & 9 _! eag]ness  to h x 

ready = ! fir/ great fea/ ( ! ,fr5*     
,revolution1 on  ,july #ad?1 ( t ye>1   
#fj1jjj volunte]s1 m5 & wom51 work$     
night  & day = two weeks1 & complet$ x 9
 "t4 ,at ?is fea/ ! k+  swore allegiance
 to ! con/itution4 ,! ,*amps de ,m>s has
 be5 !  sc5e ( _m great hi/oric ev5ts4  
,! ,_w's ,fair ( #ahfg 0 held  !re4     
,p4 #gh4--8;,academy ( ,sci5ce40 ,?is 0 
organiz$ 9 ,france 9 #afff4 ,9  #agie x1
 ) f\r o!r academies1 viz43 ! ,fr5*     
,academy1 ,academy  ( ,pa9t+ &          
,sculpture1 ,academy ( ,belles ,lettres1
 & ! ,academy  ( ,moral & ,political    
,sci5ce1 0 reviv$ 9 a new =m1 "u !  "n (
 ! ,in/itut ,national4 ,?is in/itution  
is ! mo/ important  ( its k9d 9 ! _w4   
,^! academies n[ h ! same relation  to !
 ,in/itut t colleges be> to a univ]sity4
 ,9 ! ,academy  ( ,sci5ce at pres5t !re 
are sixty-?ree memb]s & "o hundr$       
correspond+ memb]s4 ,x be/[s an annual  
prize ( ab\t #b1jjj1 =  ! mo/ important 
a/ronomical obs]vation1 a prize ( ne>ly 
#fjj  = productions on natural sci5ce1 &

 o!r rew>ds = inv5tions1  discov]ies1 & 
improvem5ts4 ,its sessions are all held 
9 public1 &  are mu* frequ5t$4    ,p4   
#hj4--;,a free translation ( ! note at !
 bottom ( ! page3 ,hav+  atta9$ an      
altitude ( #bb1ifj feet1 he /ill wi%$ to
 g high]1 &  s disburd5$ himself ( all !
 objects :i* he c\ld 9 any way d  )\t4  
,among ^! objects 0 a *air ( :ite wood1 
:i* *anc$ to  light 9 a ?icket1 v ne> a 
"y girl :o 0 t5d+ "s %eep4  ,great1     
inde$1 0 ! a/oni%m5t ( ! %eph]dess6 ,!  
sky 0  cle>1 ! balloon invisible4 ,:at  
else c\ld %e ?9k ( ! *air ?an  t x _h   
come f ,p>adise8 ,! only objection t    
c\ld be rais$  aga9/ ! conjecture 0 !   
rud5ess ( its con/ruction4 ,! workm5  9 
! high] _w1 said ! incr$ul\s1 c\ld n be 
s unskillful4  ,! discussion 0 /ill go+ 
on1 :5 ! pap]s1 9 publi%+ all  !        
p>ticul>s ( ! a]ial voyage ( ,gay       
,lussac1 ann\nc$1 among !  natural      
results ( ! asc5t1 ?is :i* up to ?is "t 
_h seem$ a  miracle4    ,p4             
#he4--8,s*eele10 %leh4    ,p4           

#ia4--8,litmus pap]40 ,pap] t has be5   
prep>$ = use z a te/  = acids &         
alkalies4 ,litmus is a blue color+      
matt]1 extract$ f  li*5s :i* are f\nd   
along ! rocky coa/s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & 
o!r tropical l&s4 ,!y are l>gely us$ =  
dye+ purposes1 & :5  prep>$ ) pota% or  
soda1 !y produce litmus4 ,a /rong       
infusion  ( litmus is made ) boil+ wat]1
 & a little sulphuric acid is  add$4    
,unsiz$ pap] is dipp$ into ?is infusion1
 :i* gives x a blue  color4 ,!          
application ( any acid w *ange ! blue to
 r$1 & !n  ! blue color may be          
imm$iately re/or$ by imm]s+ ! pap] 9 an 
alkali4 ,s delicate a te/ is x1 t ! pap]
 has to be pres]v$ 9  closely /opp]$    
bottles1 to prev5t ! access ( acid      
fumes4    ,p4 #id4--8;,b]?ollet10       
b]-to-l4    ,p4 #ajj4--8;,bal>d10 b-lr4 
,p4 #aja4--8,liebig10 leebig4    ,p4    
#ajg4--8,v>e*10 vrek2 8,b>illa10        
ba-rilla4    ,p4 #ajh4--8;,c\rtois10    
koor-tw4    ,p4 #aad4--8,nickls10 n-kl4 
,p4 #aae4--8,puy ,maur910 pwe-m-ra2     

8,hauy10 -we4          ,,notes ,,on     
,,requir$ ,,read+s ,,9 8,,!             
,,*autauquan40      ,,temp]ance ,,tea*+s
 ,,( ,,sci5ce4    #a4 8,bo]have10 brhv1 
,h]mann4 7#affh-agch47 ,a ,dut*         
physician4 ,he gave  mu* att5tion to !  
di/9ction betwe5 m9d & matt]1 & condemn$
  ! doctr9es ( ,epicurus1 ,hobbes &     
,sp9oza4 ,he publi%$ sev]al works  on ! 
/udy & practice ( m$ic9e1 & held ! *air 
( *emi/ry1  botany1 & m$ic9e 9 ,leyd5   
,univ]sity4    #b4 8,s>ac5s40 ,!        
,mohamm$an p :o1 com+ f ,mauritania1    
invad$  ,europe 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eigh?   
c5tury4 ,9 ,spa9 !y took !  "n ( ,moors4
 ,!y appli$ to all unbeliev]s 9         
,mohamm$anism ! "n  ,gia\rs 7j\r7 z a   
t]m ( reproa*4    #c4 8,lor5z ,ok540    
7#aggi-ahea47 ,a ,g]man naturali/1 & !  
au?or (  sev]al works4 ,he 0 pr(essor ( 
m$ical sci5ce = a "t at ,j5a1  & editor 
( ! celebrat$ p]iodical1 ,! ,isis1      
devot$ to natural  sci5ce4 ,at ! "t ( 8 
dea?1 he held ! position ( pr(essor (   
natural sci5ce 9 ,zuri*1 ,switz]l&4 ,a  

/atue has be5 erect$ to 8  honor 9 ,j5a1
 ,g]many4    #d4 8,b5?am10 ,j]emy4      
7#agdh-ahcb47 ,an ,engli% writ] on      
politics &  jurisprud5ce4 ,9 opposition 
to ,black/one's views1 he wrote         
8,fragm5ts  on ,gov]nm5t40 ,8 num]\s    
lit]>y works 7 m k9dly receiv$ 9        
,france ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,"o ( 8 late/     
works 0 ! 8,art ( ,pack+10  t is1 (     
arrang+ juries s z to obta9 any v]dict  
desir$4 ,he  wrote a book on ! 8,def5se 
( ,usury10 %[+ ! impolicy ( plac+       
re/ra9ts ^u deal+s 9 money4    #e4      
8,b5jam9 ,ru%40 7#agde-ahac47 ,a        
celebrat$ ,am]ican physician1 "o  ( !   
sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4   
,dur+ ! ravages  ( ! yell[ fev]1 9      
#agic1 he di/+ui%$ himself by r5d]+     
extraord9>y s]vices1 & 8 hi/ory ( t     
epidemic is a valuable  "w4    #f4      
8,no/rum ,mong]s40 ,sell]s ( quack      
m$ic9es4    #g4 8,circ5ses10 sir-s5ss4  
,a ,lat9 t]m1 mean+ race-c\rses4 ,"h x  
c be translat$ recreations4    #h4      
8,panes10 pans4 ,bread1 means (         

subsi/5ce4    #i4 8,langu$oc10          
langgue-dock4 ,a "n appli$ dur+ ! middle
 ages to  a prov9ce 9 ! s\? ( ,france1  
:i* is n[ divid$ into sev]al  dep>tm5ts1
 among :i* are ,aude1 ,hrault1 & ,upp]  
,g>onne4    #aj4 8,buns510 ,*ri/ian     
,k>l1 ,b>on von1 g5]ally kn[n z ,*evali]
  ,buns54 7#agia-ahfj47 ,"o ( ! mo/     
di/+ui%$ /atesm5 & s*ol>s  ( ,g]many4   
,?r\gh ! favor ( ,niebuhr1 :o 0         
,prussian m9i/] at  ,rome1 he 0 appo9t$ 
secret>y to ! ,prussian embassy at t    
c\rt1  :]e he rema9$ tw5ty ye>s1 & !n   
succe$$ ,niebuhr z m9i/]4  ,lat] he 0   
s5t z ,prussian embassador to ,engl&4   
,he 0 highly  e/eem$ by ,fr$]ick        
,william ,,iii4 & ,fr$]ick ,william     
,,iv41 bo? (  :om frequ5tly took him    
into _! c\nsel4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/  zeal\s
 work]s 9 br++ ab\t ! union ( ! ,g]man  
/ates4 ,8  wid[ has publi%$ ! 8,memoirs 
( ,buns540    #aa4 8,turn]halls40       
,gymnasia :i* 7 e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ,g]many
  ?r\gh ! ent]prise ( ,fri$ri* ,ludwig  
,jahn1 9 ! latt] "p (  ! eighte5?       

c5tury1 = ! purpose ( fitt+ "y m5 to    
endure  ! fatigues ( w>4    #ab4 8,jean 
,jacques ,r\sseau40 7#agab-aggh47 ,"o ( 
! mo/ eloqu5t ,fr5*  writ]s & s+ul>     
*>act]s ( 8 age4 ,he 0 d5\nc$ on acc\nt 
( 8 subv]sive !ories & ! immoralities ( 
8 life4 ,8 erratic  social & political  
tea*+s are r$eem$ 9 "p by ! /rong desire
  he _h to increase ! happ9ess ( !      
labor+ classes4    #ac4 8,goldw9 ,smi?40
 7#ahbc-47 ,an ,engli% au?or1 & a w>m   
fri5d to  ! f$]al gov]nm5t dur+ ! civil 
w>4 ,com+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates  9 #ahfh1  
he became pr(essor ( ,engli% hi/ory 9   
,cornell ,univ]sity4      ,,sunday      
,,read+s4    ,! selection giv5 9 ,,!    
,,*autauquan z a ,sunday ,read+ =       
,octob] #e1  #ahhd1 0 f ,got?old's      
8,emblems40 ,! note on ,got?old 0 cr[d$ 
out  ( ! ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 ,c4 ,notes4 ,_m    
inquiries h be5 made conc]n+ him2  = ?is
 reason we ins]t ! foll[+3    8,*ri/ian 
,scriv]1 a ,lu!ran cl]gyman & writ] (   
devotional works  9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 !
 contempor>y & fri5d ( ,sp5]1  0 born at

 ,r5dsburg1 9 ,hol/e91 ,janu>y #b1      
#afbi4 ,8 *ildhood  0 sp5t "u ! c>e ( a 
wid[$ "m 9 ! try+ p]iod (  ! ,?irty     
,ye>s' ,w>2 b a weal?y m]*ant--a bro!r (
 ,scriv]'s  gr&mo!r--f9ally made        
provision = 8 ne$s4 ,aft] suitable      
prep>atory /udies1 ,scriv] became a     
private tutor1 & 9 #afdg ent]$  !       
,univ]sity ( ,ro/ock4 ,9 #afec he 0     
ar*deacon at ,/5dal1 & 9  #affg pa/or at
 ,magdeburg1 ) :i* position he comb9$   
o!r (fices1  e4 g41 t ( a scol>*1 &     
f9ally ( a s5ior 9 ! gov]nm5t (  ! *ur*4
 ,he refus$ to leave ,magdeburg 9 answ] 
to repeat$ calls to  ,halb]/adt1 to     
,b]l91 & to ! c\rt ( ,/ockholm1 b 9     
advanc$  age 0 induc$ to accept ! po/ ( 
c\rt prea*] at ,que ,d9burg4 ,9  #afib  
he suff]$ an apoplectic /roke1 & on     
,april #e1 #afic1 di$4 ,he _h  be5 m>ri$
 f\r times1 & _h _h f\rte5 *ildr5 born  
to him1 b  he outliv$ all 8 wives &     
*ildr5 except "o son & "o daught]4      
8,! "n ( ,scriv] has liv$ among ! common
 p ?r\gh !  publication ( 8             

#8,seel5s*atz' 7,magd4 & ,leipsic1      
#agcg1 ,s*affhaus51  #agch1 sq41 five   
p>ts 9 two vols41 folio71 a manual (    
devotion :i*  he d$icat$ to #8! ,triune 
,god1' & :i* des]ves high comm5dation4  
,ano!r "w des]v+ ( m5tion is ,got?old's 
#8,zufllige ,&a*t5'  7fir/ edition      
#afga1 & (t571 a sort ( ,*ri/ian        
p>ables1 #djj 9  numb]1 :i* are bas$ on 
objects 9 nature & ord9>y occurr5ces  9 
life4 ,! #8,sie*4 u4 ,siegesbette'      
describes a sickness ?r\gh  :i* he      
pass$1 & ! aids & com=ts d]iv$ f ,god's 
goodness  9 t "t4 ,prittius has publi%$ 
a "w ( consolation entitl$              
#8,wittw5tro/1' f ,scriv]'s lit]>y      
rema9s40    ,= ,scriv]'s life see       
,prittius's preface to ! 8,seel5s*atz20 
,*ri/mann's 8,biographie0 7,nuremburg1  
#ahbi73 ,hag5ba*'s 8,wes5 u4 ,ges*4  d4 
,re=mat410 vol4 iv2 8,evanganlis*       
,prote/anitismus10 vol4 ii1 #agg  sq42  
,h]zog's 8,real-,encyklop10 s4 v4       
99       99       99       99       99  
#a4 8,r5an10 rh-n4 7#ahbc-47 ,a ,fr5*   

philosoph]1 :o has publi%$  sev]al      
treatises on comp>ative philology1 &    
translations (  scriptural books )      
critical introductions1 & has writt5 mu*
 =  p]iodicals4 ,he 0 s5t at ! head ( a 
sci5tific commission to  explore ,tyre &
 ,sidon1 ,lebanon & o!r localities1 &   
made _m  int]e/+ discov]ies4    #b4     
8,:itefield10 ,george4 7#agad-aggj47 ,! 
f\nd] ( ,calv9i/ic  ,me?odism4 ,he set !
 example ( prea*+ 9 ! op5 air1 & at  "o 
"t is said to h address$ #fj1jjj p]sons 
at ,moorfields4 ,he  qu>rel$ ) ,wesley  
on ! subject ( pr$e/9ation1 b aft]w>d 0 
reconcil$ to him1 al?\gh he nev] agre$ )
 him 9 doctr9e4 ,he made  sev]al visits 
to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4    #c4 8,presid5t   
,edw>ds10 ,jona?an4 7#agde-ahja47 ,son (
 ,jona?an ,edw>ds1  ! div9e4 ,he 0      
presid5t ( ,union ,college1 ,s*5ectady1 
,n4 ,y4 ,8  complete works 7 publi%$ 9  
two volumes4    #d4 8,?oluck10 tlook4   
7#agii-ahgg47 ,a ,g]man div9e4 ,9 #ahbf 
he 0  call$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,halle1 z 
pr(essor ( !ology1 :]e he  sp5t ! rema9+

 ye>s ( 8 life4      ,,/udies ,,9       
,,kit*5 ,,sci5ce4    #a4 8,brassica     
ol]ace10 brassi-ca -l]-ase-4    #b4     
8,bore-cole40 ,a v>iety ( cabbage1 n    
hav+ its leaves pack$ into a  firm head1
 b loose & curl$4    #c4 8,daucas       
c>ota10 daucus ca-rota4    #d4 8,beta   
vulg>is10 bta vul-gris4    #e4          
8,mangold-,wurzel40 ,commonly writt5    
mangel wurzel4    #f4 8,allium ,cepa10  
alli-um spa4      ,,! ,,prep>ation ,,(  
,,vegetables4    #a4 8,entres10 otr4 ,! 
fir/ c\rse ( di%es s]v$ on ! table4     
#b4 8,mayonnaise10 myon-naise4      ,,! 
,,circle ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ces4    #a4      
8,tufa40 ,a k9d ( volcanic s&/one1      
compos$ ( pulv]iz$ volcanic  rocks4 ,x  
is =m$ :5ev] a %[] ( ra9 accompanies !  
fall (  c9d]s1 dur+ ! eruption ( a      
volcano4    #b4 8,drift p]iod40 ,! "n   
appli$ to ! "t 9 :i* t rem>kable  b$ (  
e>?1 gravel1 & /ones ( all dim5sions1 0 
deposit$4 ,x has  puzzl$ all geologi/s  
to acc\nt = ?is =mation1 :i* is ! l[e/  
( ! ?ree gr\ps ( ! sup]ficial cov]+ ( ! 

e>?1 & no  completely satisfactory !ory 
has yet be5 advanc$4    #c4 ,! l>ge ,new
 ,zeal& bird describ$ 0 call$ ! moa4    
#d4 8,c>bonif]\s p]iod40 ,coal age4 ,by 
c>eful /udy x has be5 f\nd  t 9 !       
progress ( ! e>?'s developm5t a numb] ( 
great ages  h exi/$--ea* di/+ui%$ f !   
o!rs by "s m>k$ *ange4  ,t ( coal plants
 is plac$ by geologi/s z ! f\r? age1    
c\nt+  upw>d f ! l[e/ =mation4 ,x 0     
rem>kable = ! alt]nate l[  elevation ( !
 l& above ! sea level1 & its subm]g5ces2
 & also  = ! luxuriant gr[? (           
vegetation1 :i*1 "u ! great pressure  & 
heat to :i* x 0 subject$ :ile ! surface 
0 subm]g$1 0  *ang$ into coal4    #e4   
8,spectroscope40 ,! "n giv5 to !        
app>atus us$ = ! /udy (  ! spectrum4    
8,:5 a ray ( sunlight admitt$ ?r\gh an  
ap]ture 9 a  d>k room is conc5trat$ ^u a
 prism ( rock salt0--or glass--8by means
  ( a l5s ( ! same mat]ial1 & !n aft]   
em]g+ f ! prism  is receiv$ on a scre51 
x w be f\nd to pres5t a b& ( colors1  9 
! foll[+ ord]3 r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 

blue1 indigo1 &  violet40--,ganot4 ,?is 
b& is call$ ! spectrum4 ,t !re are o!r  
b invisible l9es ?an ^? m5tion$ 9 !     
spectrum1 is prov5 by  ! use ( !        
!rmopile1 (t5] call$ !rmomultipli]1     
m5tion$  9 ! article on 8,home ,/udies 9
 ,*emi/ry40 ,?is is a complicat$        
in/rum5t us$ = detect+ m9ute diff]5ces 9
 ! degrees (  heat2 its description )\t 
an accompany+ illu/ration w\ld be  ( no 
b5efit to any "o4 ,s delicate is x t !  
heat ( ! h&  held at a di/ance ( ?ree   
feet is suffici5t to deflect ! ne$le4   
,! spectroscope is compos$ ( ?ree       
telescopes1 m\nt$ on a common  foot1 ^: 
axes conv]ge t[>d a glass prism4 ,"o ( !
 telescopes is  movable1 & c be adju/$ s
 z to give ! obs]v] ! cle>e/ view  ( !  
spectrum4 ,! ray ( light is admitt$     
?r\gh ! telescope &  falls ^u ! prism1  
:i* decomposes x1 & ! spectrum is =m$ on
  ! opposite side ( ! prism4 ,9 !       
telescope :i* ! obs]v] uses  a p[]ful   
magnify+ glass is plac$4 ,! ?ird        
telescope is us$ =  measur+ ! relative  

di/ances betwe5 ! l9es4      ,,home     
,,/udies ,,9 ,,*emi/ry4    #a4 8,james  
,dwight ,dana40 7#ahac-47 ,an ,am]ican  
geologi/ & m9]alogi/2  ! au?or ( sev]al 
works on ^! & o!r sci5ces4 ,he w5t out z
  m9]alogi/ & geologi/ appo9t$ by !     
,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t )  ! explor+    
exp$ition s5t to ! ,s\!rn & ,pacific    
,oceans 9 #ahch1  & return$ 9 #ahdb4 ,= 
! next f\rte5 ye>s he 0 busily engag$  9
 prep>+ = publication ! reports ( ?is   
exploration4 ,^! 7  publi%$ by !        
gov]nm5t & =m$ valuable records4 ,= _m  
ye>s  he 0 "o ( ! editors ( ! ,am]ican  
,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts4  ,he has be5 
elect$ to memb]%ip 9 sev]al le>n$       
,european societies  & royal academies4 
#b4 8,eis5lohr10 iz5-lore4 7#agii-ahgb47
 ,a ,g]man physici/4 ,he 0 a            
,heidelburg /ud5t1 & 9 #ahai remov$ to  
,mannheim1 :]e he became  a tea*] (     
ma!matical & physical sci5ce 9 ! lyceum4
 ,he 0  aft]w>d a pr(essor at ,c>lsruhe4
 ,a ,manual ( ,physics is 8 *ief "w4    
#c4 8,geissl]'s tubes10 ghcel]4 ,!      

spectrum ( any gas c be be/  obta9$ by  
plac+ ! gas 9 ^! tubes1 & !n pass+ !    
electric  curr5t ?r\gh4 ,if ! gas is    
hydrog51 ! spectrum w consi/ ( a  bright
 r$1 a gre51 & a blue l9e4 ,ea* gas ca/s
 its own spectrum4  ,9 ?is way !        
spectroscope aids 9 ! analysis (        
sub/ances4 ,!  diff]5t spectra =m$      
reveal ! elem5ts4    #d4 8,sir ,john    
,h]s*el40 7#agib-ahga47 ,an ,engli%     
a/ronom]4 ,8  great ent]prise 0 8       
exp$ition to ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope to   
take  obs]vations ( ! heav5s 9 ! s\!rn  
hemisph]e4 ,he rema9$  !re f\r ye>s4 ,8 
publi%$ results ( 8 obs]vations furni%  
"o  ( ! mo/ valuable works on a/ronomy4 
,he did n conf9e 8 /udies  to a/ronomy  
alone1 b gave great att5tion to !       
subject ( !  atmosph]e4 ,he held t f    
eighty to n9ety miles above ! e>? a     
p]fect vacuum exi/s1 & t ?ree f\r?s (   
all ! atmosph]ic  air lies )9 f\r miles 
f ! e>?'s surface4 ,8 /udies 9          
meteorology 7 also v valuable1 z well z 
8 important discov]ies  9 photography4  

,among 8 publi%$ works are3 8,essays1 f 
!  ,ed9burgh & ,qu>t]ly ,reviews1 )     
,addresses & ,o!r ,pieces10  8,physical 
,geography10 & 8,famili> ,lett]s on     
,sci5tific ,subjects40  ,h]s*el held    
v>i\s positions ( honor 9 8 lifetime1   
be+ at "o  "t presid5t ( ! ,royal       
,a/ronomical ,society1 & aft]w>d ,ma/] (
  ! ,m9t = five ye>s4 ,he 0 "o ( ! eight
 =eign associates (  ! ,fr5* ,academy ( 
,sci5ces4    #e4 8,fire ,wor%ip]s40 ,a  
,p]sian sect :i* wor%ips fire z an      
emanation  ( ! div9e be+4 8,fire        
wor%ip]s0 is ! ,engli% "n = !  ,gub]s   
7also call$ ,ghb] or ,gia\rs--j\rs74 ,!y
 call !mselves  ,beh ,d91 8^? ( excell5t
 belief40 ,! ,arabs complet$ ! conque/  
( ,p]sia 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & ! great    
mass ( ! nation  adopt$ ! fai? ( !      
conqu]ors4 ,^? :o refus$ to d s 7       
subject$ to p]secution4 ,"s ( !m took   
refuge 9 ! wild]ness  ( ,khorasan1 &    
o!rs 9 ,kohi/an4 ,! latt] 9 ! n9? c5tury
  emigrat$ to ,india & settl$ 9 !       
neighborhood ( ,surat4 ,_!  desc5dants  

/ill inhabit ! same region1 & are call$ 
,p>sees4 ,!  desc5dants ( ^? :o rema9$ 9
 ,p]sia h gradually decreas$ 9  numb]s &
 sunk into ignorance & pov]ty1 ?\gh /ill
 pres]v+ a  reputation = hone/y1 *a/ity1
 indu/ry1 & ob$i5ce to law sup]ior  to t
 ( ! o!r ,p]sians4 ,!y are e/imat$ to   
numb] ab\t #g1jjj4    #f4 8,buns5       
,burn]40 ,9 ?is burn]1 at ! l[] end ( ! 
holl[ /em  ?r\gh :i* ! gas passes1 !re  
is a lat]al orifice :i* admits !  air   
necess>y = combu/ion4 ,?is orifice c be 
made l>g] or small]  by means ( a       
diaphragm :i* is us$ z a regulator4 ,if 
a mod]ate  am\nt ( air ent]s1 ! gas     
burns ) a lum9\s flame1 b if a  /rong & 
/eady curr5t is admitt$1 ! c>bon is     
rapidly oxidiz$1  ! flame loses its     
brightness1 & burns ) a pale blue light1
  sc>cely p]ceptible1 & ) int5se heat4  
#g4 8,voltaic ,arc40 ,a mo/ beautiful   
effect1 obta9$ f ! electric  light4 ,at 
! t]m9als ( a batt]y1 pieces ( *>coal   
are connect$  & plac$ 9 contact until ! 
curr5t causes !m to become  inc&esc5t4  

,!n !y are sep>at$ ab\t ! t5? ( an in*1 
&  x is f\nd t a lum9\s1 exce$+ly       
brilliant arc connects ! two  po9ts4    
#h4 8,hell ,gate40 ,! "n ( a n>r[ *annel
 betwe5 ,long ,isl& &  ,manhattan ,isl&4
 ,until rec5tly ! num]\s reefs made x   
impassable  = l>ge %ips & dang]\s =     
small ones4 ,9 #ahea ! fir/ ef=ts  7    
made to op5 ! *annel1 by subm>9e bla/+4 
,9 #ahgf1 aft]  _m va9 attempts1 ! "w 0 
c>ri$ to a successful issue4 ,!  total  
am\nt ( money exp5d$ by ,congress = ?is 
"w s9ce #ahfh 0  #a1idj1jjj4    #i4     
8olus40 ,a desc5dant ( ! f\nd] ( ! olian
 race4 ,he became  ! rul] ( c]ta9 isl&s 
9 ! ,tyrrh5ian ,sea1 :i* f him 7  call$ 
! olian ,isl&s4 ,he is said to h taught 
8 subjects to use  sails on _! %ips1 &  
to h =etold ! nature ( ! w9ds t  7 to   
rise4 ,hom] said ( him t ,jupit] _h giv5
 him rule ov] !  w9ds4 ,?is l$ to 8 be+ 
reg>d$ z ! god ( ! w9ds1 :i* he  0      
suppos$ to keep %ut up 9 a m\nta94      
,,talk ,,ab\t ,,books4      ,x w\ld be  
difficult = a biography ( ,sydney ,smi?1

 t man :o  always took %ort views (     
life1 hop$ = ! be/1 & put 8  tru/ 9     
,god1 to be o!r ?an int]e/+4 ,mr4       
,reid's biography,l  is s int]e/+ t !   
read] q =gets to criticise4 ,x is a     
_m-sid$ sket* ( ! brave he>t$ dom9ie4 ,x
 tells 8 hi/ory1 to  be sure1 b "o gets 
a v good idea ( _m ( 8 associates z     
well2  x tells 8 r\te ?r\gh life1 & z a 
happy idea adds descriptions  &         
illu/rations ( ! v>i\s localities 9 :i* 
he liv$1 z !y  are to-day4 ,!re is j    
en\gh quotation f ! rev]5d ,sydney  to  
give pi? to ! sob]1 cle> n>rative ( !   
writ]1 & j  en\gh ( ! 8,times0 to keep  
"o 9 sympa?y ) 8 age4 ,sev]al  lett]s & 
essays nev] be=e pr9t$ appe> 9 ! volume4
 ,mr4 ,reid1  we are pleas$ to see1     
pres5ts ! c\rage1 ! unfail+ hope1 &  !  
abundant common s5se ( 8 subject z      
*>act]i/ics ( m  importance ?an 8 wit4  
,x is mod]ate praise ( ! book,m produc$ 
by ,mrs4 ,mit*ell to  say t all lov]s ( 
art & its hi/ory w f9d x a valuable     
acquisition to _! libr>ies4 ,! au?or has

 *os5 ! hi/orical  me?od ( pres5t+ h]   
subject1 & beg9s ) ,egyptian sculpture1 
passes on to ,*aldean1 ,assyrian1 &     
,p]sian2 !n to t ( ,phnicia1  ,asia     
,m9or1 & ,greece1 & ends ) works ( !    
,italian ma/]s4  ,feel+ t 8description c
 n by any possibility sup]s$e ! sight  (
 ! arti/ic creations10 %e has freely    
illu/rat$ ! book )  accurate            
repres5tations ( _m ( ! great           
ma/]pieces4 ,!re c  be no "w bett] suit$
 = ! use ( ^? :o desire to acquire a  k 
( ?is bran* ( art4    ,m4 ,gaill>d has  
add$ "o m to ! _m books already issu$ = 
! purpose ( tea*+ 8,fr5*                
,conv]sation40,n ,! sy/em he has  adopt$
 diff]s f all ! o!rs 9 ?is respect3     
que/ions alone are  giv51 to :i* ! s*ol>
 is to frame 8 own answ]s4 ,a clue to ! 
words ne$$ 9 ! replies1 & to !          
con/ruction ( ! s5t5ces  & idioms w be  
f\nd 9 ! que/ions4 ,?us ! memoriz+ ( set
  s5t5ces :i* nev] w fit 9 any:]e save 9
 ! recitation room1  is avoid$1 & !     
pupil is oblig$ to ?9k = himself in/ead 

(  m]ely obs]v+ h[ ! words are us$ by   
o!rs4 ,!oretically ! plan  is a good "o4
 ,z a text-book = common use 9 s*ools & 
else:]e1 we  d\bt1 some:at1 its         
feasibility4    ,no t\ri/ to ! ,:ite    
,m\nta9s c af=d to d )\t ,mr4 ,drake's  
book4,o ,! la/ edition ( x is prep>$    
expressly = _! use1 &  conta9s 9 ! =m ( 
an app5dix a complete guide-book4 ,"o ( 
!  cov]s is provid$ ) a pocket1 )9 :i*  
is plac$ a map ( !  ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 & "o
 ( ,v]mont & ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,?is pocket
 w  also prove conv5i5t = c>ry+ memor&a4
 ,! book conta9s _m  f9e illu/rations1  
is pr9t$ f l>ge1 cle> type1 & is        
h&somely  b\nd4 ,& z "o sees 9 ^w       
pictures ! sc5]y ( ! m\nta9s1 &  is     
delight$ ) racy little incid5ts (       
travel1 & ) anecdote1 or  is ?rill$ ) "s
 p]il\s adv5ture1 he c n help say+ t    
au?or1 arti/1 & publi%] h all done _! "p
 t[>d mak+ an  attractive book4    ,x 0 
a good idea to publi% a diction>y ( !   
8,wom5 ( ! ,day40,p  ,miss ,hays has    
und\bt$ly put an imm5se am\nt ( labor   

into ! neat  little volume :i* %e has j 
s5t out to ! _w4 ,h[ev]1 !  publication 
has be5 too soon4 ,m labor is ne$$ to   
make ! book z  useful z x ought to be4  
,m ?an once h] biographies ( ! be/  kn[n
 wom5 are incorrect1 z :5 %e locat$     
,m>ion 7:i* "n1 by  ! way1 %e spell$    
,m>ian7 ,h>l&'s pres5t home at ,new>k1  
,n4 ,j41  a place %e left ye>s ago4     
,aga91 9 "s ( ! sket*es ! "w is  poorly 
arrang$4 ,:y %\ld ,miss ,will>d's       
:]eab\ts 9 #ahgh be tack$  on at ! end (
 ! article1 aft] x _h be5 br\ght up to  
#ahhb1  in/ead ( be+ ins]t$ 9 its prop] 
ord]8 ,= all t1 x is a v  useful "w4 ,x 
w be ( great help to ! g5]al read]      
int]e/$ 9  em95t wom54    ,a valuable   
s]ies ( 8,outl9es0 ( ! ,philosophy (    
,h]mann ,lotze has  be5 und]tak5 by     
,pr(4 ,ladd1 ( ,yale ,college4 ,a lead+ 
philosoph]  ( ,g]many1 ,lotze's works h 
be5 seal$ to all ,engli% read]s1  save  
^? :o 7 able to ov]come philosophical   
,g]man4 ,?is s]ies  w furni% an         
opportunity long desir$ by ^? int]e/$ 9 

,g]man  ?\ght to make !mselves famili> )
 ,lotze's ideas4 8,outl9es (            
,metaphysics0,q is ! fir/ "w issu$4     
,mrs4 ,jackson's 8,ramona0,r takes rank 
at once 9 ! highe/ class (  fiction4 ,! 
fasc9ation 9 its pages holds "o f beg9n+
 to end1  & he closes ! book ) mu* !    
same impression z if he _h j  return$ f 
a day's exquisite enjoym5t ( wild &     
rugg$ m\nta9  sc5]y4 ,! *>act]s possess 
an individuality su* z is f\nd 9  ^?    
drawn by ,dick5s1 & ! f9e %ap+ ( plot & 
incid5t recalls  ,george ,eliot's       
8,romola40 ,! /ory ( 8,ramona0 has to d 
) ,indian life  9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia &    
,mexico1 & is ( hi/orical int]e/4 ,z "o 
reads ( ! wrongs cruelly inflict$ ^u !  
noble ,aless&ro & !  h]oic ,*ri/ian _s )
 :i* he endur$ !m all to ! bitt] end1   
!re comes a s5se ( %ame t "u ,am]ican   
laws1 base1 unpr9cipl$  m5 c\ld commit  
su* de$s ( plund] & viol5ce ) impunity4 
,!  "* ( ,ramona is unique4 ,h] devot$  
love = ,aless&ro1 !  gladness ) :i* %e  
accept$ ! life ( deprivation & dang] at 

8 side1 & ! developm5t1 ?r\gh heavy     
sorr[s1 ( h] deep1 true1  womanly       
nature1 give ! book a ri*ness ( color & 
a dep? ( pa?os  seldom met4    ,9       
8,dorcas10,s a /ory ( anti-,*ri/1 !     
lives & suff]+s (  ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 9   
,rome are depict$4 ,dorcas & h] fri5ds  
hid !mselves away = _m long mon?s 9 !   
,catacombs1 to escape  p]secution4 ,9   
two in/ances :ile !re1 ! miracle ( br++ 
!  dead back to life occurr$1 "o ( ^?   
re/or$ be+ ,m>cellus1 !  affianc$ husb& 
( ,dorcas1 a "y ,roman nobleman :o 0 put
 to dea?  = accept+ ! ,*ri/ian religion4
 ,! accession ( ,con/ant9e gave  !m _!  
fre$om4 ,! book af=ds a good /udy 9 !   
high /yle (  its diction & ! purity (   
its language4 ,x is valuable1 too1 = its
  record ( ! cu/oms ( ^? days1 & = its  
hi/orical incid5ts4    ,/ud5ts ( ,engli%
 :o enjoy !ories ab\t words &           
expressions w  f9d 9 8,elem5ts ( ,engli%
 ,spee*0,t a full measure ( !m1 mo/     
+5i\sly support$4 ,! book is 9 no way   
suitable = read]s :o are  unacqua9t$ )  

,lat91 ,greek1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man1 b = ^?  
:o  h dabbl$ a little 9 ea* x w furni%  
int]e/+ read+1 &  "s ideas ( real value4
    ,! h\se ( ,d4 ,appleton  ,co4 is    
publi%+ "s excell5t text-books4  ,among 
^! is 8,elem5ts ( ,geometry10,u a "w on 
plane & solid  geometry4 ,! arrangem5t (
 ! book1 its admirable fitness to ! ne$s
  ( ! pupils j beg9n+ ! sci5ces1 & its  
abundant ex]cises  make x a v           
satisfactory "w = tea*]s4----,9 _! s]ies
 (  8,sci5ce ,text-,books10 8,elem5ts ( 
,zology10,v by ,c4 ,f4  ,j4 ,b4 ,hold]1 
is "o ( ! mo/ ent]ta9+1 practical1 &1   
beside1 ?or\gh1  elem5t>y works on      
animal biology we h ev] se54 ,!         
illu/rations  are excell5t4----,a       
capital 8,second ,read]0 is 8,fri5ds 9  
,fea!rs &  ,fur1 & ,o!r ,neighbors40,w  
,we l ! idea ( giv+ ! "y folks  good1   
cle> type4----,b be/ ( all is           
8,appleton's ,*>t ,prim]10,x a  pretty  
little book ) numb]s ( beautifully      
color$ pictures = color  lessons1 & a   
cov] s brilliant t x w make x a pleasure

 =  little ones to le>n _! lessons4     
,a new edition ( 8,! ,wat] ,babies10,y  
abridg$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,/ickney has  be5    
issu$4 ,x is a delightful fairy /ory =  
l& babies4 ,little ,tom1  a poor *imney 
sweep :o belong$ to a v cruel ma/]1 w5t 
"o day to  "w 9 a gr& h\se4 ,com+ d[n ! 
wrong *imney1 he f\nd himself  /&+      
opposite a l>ge mirror 9 a v beautiful  
room 9 :i* a  little1 sick girl 0 ly+4  
,! sight ( himself 9 ! glass1 black  &  
impi%1 & ! screams ( ! little girl      
fright5$ him s t  he jump$ f ! w9d[1    
caught ! bran*es ( a tree1 slid to !    
gr\nd & ran = 8 life1 pursu$ by diff]5t 
memb]s ( ! family1  :o suppos$ him to be
 a ?ief4 ,!y c\ld n cat* him1 h[ev]1 &  
soon gave up ! attempt4 ,two or ?ree    
days aft] 8 body 0 f\nd 9  a /ream (    
wat]1 & all ! p ?\ght him dead4 ,b !y 7 
mi/ak52 t body 0 only ! old cov]+ (     
,tom2 he _h be5 *ang$  into a beautiful 
wat] baby1 ^: life 9 t fairy l& is told 
9 a  v fasc9at+ mann]1 %[+ t !re1 also1 
little folks ought to  "w = ! good (    

o!rs4    ,! 8,wat] ,babies0 is "o ( a   
s]ies ( 8,classics = ,*ildr510 a  s]ies 
arrang$ on ! s5sible idea t *ildr5 c be 
taught to enjoy  good lit]ature1 z !y   
are taught to read4 ,among ! o!r works  
:i*  h appe>$ 9 ?is c\rse are a 8,prim] 
& ,fir/ ,read]10,z ,scott's  8,lady ( ! 
,lake10,,aa & ,k+sley's 8,greek         
,h]oes40,,ab ,o!rs are 9  prep>ation4   
8,:i*3 ,"r or ,wrong80,,ac is an int]e/+
 /ory c5t]+ ab\t !  ,fram+ham ,assembly4
 ,x gives "s bright pictures ( life !re1
 &  tea*es "s excell5t lessons4    8,!  
,m5tor0,,ad is a v neat little book     
writt5 = ! use ( m5  & boys :o wi% to   
appe> to good advantage 9 cultivat$     
society4 ,x  treats ( p]sonal appe>ance1
 mann]s at ! d9n] table & 9 public1     
conv]sation1 odds & ends1 calls & c>ds1 
& closes ) a *apt]  answ]+ ! "q1 8,:at  
is a ,g5tleman80 ,x conta9s a numb] (   
quotations f em95t au?ors4    ,a        
beautiful device is t ( 8,! ,gue/       
,book10,,ae 9 :i* ! ho/ess  may record !
 com+ & ! go+ ( h] gue/s4 ,x conta9s    

%ort1  beautifully illu/rat$ selections 
conc]n+ hospitality1 f prom95t  writ]s1 
) blank pages left betwe5 = autographs1 
incid5ts1 &  sket*es relat+ to pleasant 
calls & visits4 ,9 ! h&s ( e  woman :o  
loves to ent]ta9 h] fri5ds x w prove a  
treasure-h\se  ( pleasant memories4     
,n (t5 are our social foibles 8tak5 (f0 
m po9t$ly ?an 9 8,!  ,buntl+ ,ball40,,af
 ,x is a really clev]1 & )al sprightly1 
satire  on "s ( ! vuln]able po9ts ( ,new
 ,york society4 ,mrs4 ,buntl+1  wife ( a
 8pot5tate 9 pork10 return+ f ,europe1  
issues invitations  = a ball4 ,%e has   
obta9$ a li/ ( 8all ! names consid]$ (  
decisive note10 &1 reg>dless ( ! fact t 
%e kn[s none ( !m  issues a g5]al       
invitation4 ,! fact t ev]ybody comes is 
"o (  ! %>pe/ po9ts 9 ! play4 ,*oruses  
are introduc$ 9 true ,greek  drama /yle1
 & ! 8,knick]bock] "y m510 8maneuv]+    
mammas10  8wall-fl[]s10 8gossips10      
8,anglo-maniacs10 etc41 c>ry on         
dialogues )  ! pr9cipal *>act]s1 9 :i*  
!y give ! :ole philosophy ( ,new  ,york 

society1 9 ! franke/ mann] & 9 all sorts
 ( happy1 sprightly  v]se4 ,! my/]y (   
its au?or%ip has be5 turn$ to good      
acc\nt by  ! publi%]s1 :o (f] a prize ( 
#a1jjj to ! successful guess]4    ,m>ion
 ,h>l&1 9 writ+ 8,eve's ,daught]s10,,ag 
has done a noble  "w = wom54 ,! book mu/
 ex]t a good influ5ce :]ev] x goes1  & d
 mu* t[>d break+ d[n ! b>ri] ( false    
mode/y &  ignorance 9 reg>d to h]self1 t
 woman1 too (t51 has tak5 pride 9  re>+4
 ,x beg9s ) ! life ( ! baby girl &      
foll[s h] z !  repres5tative ( h] sex1  
?r\gh all ! ye>s d[n to old age4 ,/rong1
  pla91 helpful ?+s are said1 & said    
only z a brave1 womanly woman  c say !m1
 9 reg>d to ! physical life ( wom54 ,e  
"m ought  to read ! book1 & read x ) h] 
daught]s4    8,memories ( ! ,manse0,,ah 
is a quiet little picture ( ! life1     
home1  family1 & p>i% ( a ,scot* m9i/]  
:o liv$1 a numb] ( ye>s  ago1 9         
,gl5>ran4 ,! rugg$ outl9es ( ! /]n "*   
belong+  to t nor!rn p are well drawn1 &
 da%es ( color1 %[+  ! t5d] & lov+ side 

( human nature1 appe> "h & !re1         
bright5+ up ! sc5e4 ,! exp]i5ce ( !     
elde/ son1 :o 0 8a  clev] lad1 & _h j   
return$ aft] work+ 8 way ?r\gh college1 
we>+ a wond]fully cl]ical dress & air1  
an eye-glass1 & a highly  com=table     
op9ion ( himself10 only to f9d t he 0   
ridicul$  in/ead ( admir$ by 8 =m]      
associates1 & 8 hone/ surprise at  8    
unpopul>ity furni% a t\* ( humor to !   
:ole "w4    ,! books :i* ,samuel ,smiles
 has put ^u ! m>ket are em95tly         
valuable to boys & m5 :o are 9 trades4  
,he has done mu* to dignify  labor & to 
%[ h[ ess5tial is bra9 & ?rift &        
education to  manual labor4 ,9 8 late   
volume1 8,m5 ( ,inv5tion &              
,indu/ry10,,ai  ! mat]ial is p>ticul>ly 
good4 ,x is fre%1 & ! /ories (          
successful m5 give a grip to ! book :i* 
is v effective4 ,! lack  ( lit]>y f9i% (
 :i* "s compla9 9 ,mr4 ,smiles's "w is b
 a  m9or matt] :5 we ?9k ( ! s]i\s      
purpose1 ! e>ne/ desire to  %[ h[       
h&icrafts may be develop$1 & h[ great   

opportunities lie  9 ! way ( me*anics to
 b5efit society & to atta9 di/9ction4   
,among 8 m5 ( inv5tion & indu/ry are    
,ph9eas ,pett1 ! ,engli%  %ip build]2   
,john ,h>rison1 ! inv5tor ( ! m>9e      
*ronomet]1 &  ,fr$]ick ,ko5ig1 inv5tor (
 ! /eam pr9t+ ma*9e4 ,a digression  f ! 
ma9 object ( ! book is ! *apt] on       
8,indu/ry 9 ,irel&10  b x is a pleas+   
digression4 ,! abundant res\rces :i*    
,mr4 ,smiles  %[s to exi/ 9 ,irel&1 w be
 surpris+ to _m read]s4 ,h]  fi%]ies1 h]
 iron1 coal & clay b$s1 h] l95          
indu/ries1 & h]  %ip build+ are well    
describ$4 ,! developm5t ( ^! res\rces he
  ju/ly concludes to be ! solution ( !  
8,iri% tr\ble40    ,mr4 ,h>rison1 9 giv+
 to ! public ! life & lit]>y works,,aj (
  ! au?or ( 8,home ,sweet ,home10 has   
met a want t _m p]sons h  felt1 to "k   
some?+ m ( ?is au?or4 ,no tr\ble has be5
 sp>$  9 ga!r+ ! data = ! biography1 &  
mu* valuable in=mation  has be5 giv5 to 
! _w :i*1 b = 8 ef=ts1 might h be5  lo/4
 ,he has1 h[ev]1 ent]$ s fully into     

details z frequ5tly to  detract f !     
int]e/ ( ! "w4 ,! circum/ances "u :i*   
8,home ,sweet ,home0 0 writt51 are giv54
      ,,footnotes    ,l ,a ,sket* ( !   
,life & ,times ( ! ,rev4 ,sydney ,smi?4 
,by ,/u>t ,j4  ,reid4 ,new ,york3 ,h>p] 
,bro!rs4 #ahhe4    ,m ,a ,hi/ory (      
,anci5t ,sculpture4 ,by ,lucy ,mit*ell4 
,new ,york3 ,dodd1  ,mead  ,company4    
,price1 accord+ to b9d+1 #ab4ej1 #ah4jj1
 or #be4jj4    ,n ,fr5* ,conv]sation4   
,by ,j4 ,d4 ,gaill>d4 ,new ,york3 ,d4   
,appleton  ,co4    ,o ,! ,he>t ( ! ,:ite
 ,m\nta9s4 ,by ,samuel ,adams ,drake4   
,illu/rat$  by ,w4 ,hamilton ,gibson4   
,new ,york3 ,h>p]  ,bro!rs1 ,frankl9    
,squ>e4    ,p ,wom5 ( ! ,day4 ,a        
,biographical ,diction>y ( ,notable     
,contempor>ies4 ,by ,frances ,hays4     
,philadelphia3 ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott  ,co4 
#ahhe4    ,q ,outl9es ( ,metaphysics4   
,dictat$ ,portions ( ! ,lectures (      
,h]mann  ,lotze4 ,translat$ & edit$ by  
,george ,t4 ,ladd4 ,bo/on3 ,g9n1 ,hea?  
,co4  #ahhd4    ,r ,ramona4 ,by ,hel5   

,jackson4 7,h4 ,h47 ,bo/on3 ,rob]ts     
,bro!rs4 ,price1  #a4ej4    ,s ,dorcas1 
! ,daught] ( ,fau/9a4 ,by ,na?an ,c4    
,k\ns4 ,au?or (  8,arius ! ,libyan40    
,new ,york3 ,=ds1 ,h[>d & ,hurlb]t4     
#ahhd4    ,t ,elem5ts ( ,engli% ,spee*4 
,by ,isaac ,bassett ,*oate4 ,new ,york3 
,d4  ,appleton  ,co4 #ahhd4    ,u       
,elem5ts ( ,geometry4 ,by ,eli ,t4      
,tappan1 ,,ll4,d4 ,new ,york3 ,d4       
,appleton   ,co4 #ahhe4    ,v ,elem5ts (
 ,zology4 ,by ,c4 ,f4  ,j4 ,b4 ,hold]1  
,m4,d4 ,new ,york3 ,d4  ,appleton  ,co4 
#ahhd4    ,w ,fri5ds 9 ,fea!rs & ,fur1 &
 ,o!r ,neighbors4 ,by ,james ,johonnot4 
,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co4 #ahhe4  
,x ,appleton's ,*>t ,prim]3 ,ex]cises 9 
,read+ at ,sight1 & ,language  & ,color 
,lessons ,= ,beg9n]s4 ,by ,rebecca ,d4  
,rick(f4    ,y ,! ,wat] ,babies4 ,by    
,*>les ,k+sley4 ,edit$ & abridg$ by ,j4 
,h4 ,/ickney4 ,bo/on3 ,g9n1 ,hea?  ,co4 
#ahhd4 ,mail+ price1 #dj c5ts4          
,introduction1 #ce c5ts4    ,z ,prim] & 
,fir/ ,read]4 ,by ,e4 ,a4 ,turn]4       

,bo/on3 ,g9n1 ,hea?  ,co4  #ahhe4       
,,aa ,! ,lady ( ! ,lake4 ,by ,sir ,walt]
 ,scott4 ,edit$ by ,edw9 ,g9n4  ,bo/on3 
,g9n1 ,hea?  ,co4 #ahhe4    ,,ab ,!     
,h]oes2 or1 ,greek ,fairy ,tales = ,my  
,*ildr54 ,by ,*>les  ,k+sley4 ,edit$ by 
,john ,tetl[4 ,bo/on3 ,g9n1 ,hea?  ,co4 
#ahhe4    ,,ac ,:i*3 ,"r or ,wrong8 ,by 
,m4 ,l4 ,morel&4 ,bo/on3 ,lee & ,%ep>d1 
,publi%]s4 #ahhc4    ,,ad ,! ,m5tor4 ,by
 ,alfr$ ,ay]s4 ,new ,york3 ,funk        
,wagnalls4 #ahhd4    ,,ae ,! ,gue/      
,book4 ,design$ & illu/rat$ by ,annie   
,f4 ,cox4 ,bo/on3  ,lee & ,%ep>d4 ,new  
,york3 ,c4 ,s4 ,dill+ham1 #fah          
,broadway4 #ahhe4    ,,af ,! ,buntl+    
,ball4 ,a ,grco-,am]ican ,play4 ,new    
,york3 ,funk  ,wagnalls4  #ahhd4    ,,ag
 ,eve's ,daught]s4 ,by ,m>ion ,h>l&4    
,new ,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]'s  ,sons4   
#ahhe4    ,,ah ,memories ( ! ,manse4 ,by
 ,anne ,breadalbane4 ,troy1 ,n4,y43 ,h4 
,b4 ,nims   ,co4 #ahhe4    ,,ai ,m5 (   
,inv5tion & ,indu/ry4 ,by ,samuel       
,smiles1 ,,ll4,d4 ,new ,york3  ,h>p]    

,bro!rs4 #ahhe4    ,,aj ,john ,h[>d     
,payne4 ,by ,gabriel ,h>rison4          
,illu/rat$4 ,philadelphia3  ,j4 ,b4     
,lipp9cott  ,co4      ,,books ,,receiv$4
    ,daddy ,d>w9's ,dovecote4 ,a ,c\ntry
 ,tale4 ,by ,juliana ,horatio ,ew+4     
,bo/on3 ,rob]ts ,bro!rs4 #ahhe4 ,price1 
#ce c5ts4    ,flatl&4 ,a ,romance ( ,_m 
,dim5sions4 ,by ,a ,squ>e4 ,bo/on3      
,rob]ts  ,bro!rs4 #ahhe4 ,price1 #ge    
c5ts4    ,memoirs ( ! ,rev4 ,david      
,bra9>d4 ,bas$ on ! ,life ( ,bra9>d     
prep>$ by ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 ,d4,d4      
,edit$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,%]wood4 ,new ,york3  
,funk & ,wagnalls4 #ahhe4               
,,p>agraphs ,,f ,,new ,,books4      ,a  
,,fragm5t ,,on ,,! ,,cultivation ,,&    
,,improvem5t ,,( ,,! ,,animal           
,,spirits4--,x  is surpris+ to see = :at
 fooli% causes m5 hang !mselves4 ,!  mo/
 silly repulse1 ! mo/ trifl+ ruffle (   
temp]1 or d]angem5t  ( /oma*1 any?+     
seems to ju/ify an appeal to ! razor or 
!  cord4 ,i h a contempt = p]sons :o    
de/roy !mselves4 ,live on1 &  look evil 

9 ! face2 walk up to x1 & y w f9d x less
 ?an  y imag9$1 & (t5 y w n f9d x at    
all2 = x w rec$e  z y advance4 ,any fool
 may be a suicide4 ,:5 y are 9 a        
melan*oly  fit fir/ suspect ! body1     
appeal to rhub>b & calomel1 & s5d =  !  
apo!c>y2 a little bit ( gri/le /ick+ 9 !
 wrong place1 an  untimely consumption (
 cu/>d1 excessive gooseb]ries1 (t5 cov] 
!  m9d ) cl\ds & br+ on ! mo/ di/ress+  
views ( human life4'''  ,! greate/      
happ9ess :i* c happ5 to any "o is to    
cultivate a love  ( read+4 ,/udy is (t5 
dull because x is improp]ly manag$4 ,i  
make  no apology = speak+ ( myself1 = z 
,i write anonym\sly1 nobody  kn[s :o ,i 
am1 & if ,i did n1 v few w\ld be !      
wis]--b e  man speaks m firmly :5 he    
speaks f 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,i read  f\r   
books at a "t2 "s classical book1       
p]haps1 on ,monday1 ,w$nesday1  &       
,friday morn+s4 ,! 8,hi/ory ( ,france10 
we w say1 on !  ev5+s ( ! same days4 ,on
 ,tuesday1 ,?ursday1 & ,saturday1       
,mo%eim  or ,l>dn]1 & on ! ev5+s ( ^?   

days1 ,reynolds's ,lectures or  ,burns's
 ,travels4 ,!n ,i h always a /&>d book (
 poetry1 &  a novel to read :5 ,i am 9 !
 humor to read no?+ else4 ,!n ,i        
translate "s ,fr5* into ,engli% "o day &
 retranslate x ! next2  s t ,i h sev5 or
 eight pursuits go+ on at ! same "t1 &  
?is produces ! *e]fulness ( div]sity1 & 
avoids t gloom :i*  proce$s f hang+ a   
long :ile ov] a s+le book4 ,i d n       
recomm5d  ?is z a receipt = becom+ a    
le>n$ man1 b = becom+ a *e]ful  "o4--,f 
,reid's 8,life & ,times ( ! ,rev4       
,sydney ,smi?40           99       99   
99       99       99    ,,sc5es ,,on ,a 
,,/age ,,coa*4--,! views ( ! m\nta9s z !
 aft]noon wore  away1 grew m & m        
int]e/+4 ,! rav9es d>k5$1 ! summits     
bright5$4 ,cl\d-%ad[s *as$ ea* o!r up & 
d[n ! /eeps1 or1  flitt+ sl[ly across ! 
valley1 spread ?ick mantles ( black t   
seem$ to dead5 ! s\nd ( our :eels z we  
pass$ ov] !m4 ,on "o  side all 0 light1 
on ! o!r all gloom4 ,b ! l&scape is n   
all  t may be se5 to advantage f ! top (

 a /age coa*4    ,f "t to "t1 z some?+  
provok$ an exclamation ( surprise or    
pleasure1 c]ta9 ( ! inside occupants    
manife/$ op5 discont5t4  ,!y 7 los+     
some?+ :]e !y _h expect$ to see ev]y?+4 
,:ile ! horses 7 be+ *ang$1 "o ( !      
insid]s1 ,i ne$ n say  x 0 a woman1 ?ru/
 h] head outside ( ! w9d[1 & address$  !
 "y p]son p]*$ l a bird ^u ! highe/     
seat4 ,h] voice  0 s(t & p]suasive4     
8,miss60 8,madam60 8,i'm s afraid y f9d 
x  too cold up !re4 ,%a'n't ,i *ange    
places ) y80 ,! little "o  gave h] voice
 a droll inflection z %e briskly repli$3
 8,oh1 de>1  no1 ?ank y2 ,i'm v         
com=table inde$40 8,b10 urg$ ! o!r1  8y 
don't look /rong2 inde$1 de>1 y don't4  
,ar5't y v1 v  tir$1 sitt+ s long )\t   
any support to y\r back80 8,?anks1 no2  
my  sp9e is ! /ronge/ "p ( me40 8,b10   
/ill p]si/$ ! inside1  *ang+ h] voice to
 a l\d :isp]1 8to be sitt+ alone ) all  
^?  m560 8,!y m9d _! bus9ess1 & ,i m9d  
m9e10 said ! little "o  r$d5+2          
8besides10 %e quickly add$1 8y propos$  

*ang+ places1 ,i  believe60 8,oh60      
return$ ! o!r1 ) an acc5t impossible to 
convey  9 words1 8if y l x40 8,i tell y 
:at1 ma'am10 snapp$ ! "o 9  possession1 
8,i've be5 all ov] ,europe alone1 & 0   
nev] once insult$  except by p]sons ( my
 own sex40--,f ,drake's 8,he>t ( ! ,:ite
  ,m\nta9s40           99       99      
99       99       99    ,,e ,,man ,,has 
,,8 ,,price4--,x is a curi\s trait 9    
human nature1 t  ea* individual places !
 highe/ value on himself2 treats ! _w  z
 if x 7 only 9 exi/5ce on 8 acc\nt1     
looks ^u himself z  if he 7 ! c5tral    
po9t r\nd :i* all ?+s turn--& t yet1  9 
spite ( ?is univ]sal self-appreciation1 
s _m p]sons make  !mselves ! slaves (   
o!rs1 or ( "s insignificant desire (  _!
 own4 ,?is contradiction 9 ! human m9d1 
?is inord9ate pride  ( m5 9 comb9ation )
 ignorance ( _! own true value1 ?is     
insatiable self-seek+ 9 connection ) s  
contemptible a depreciation  ( !mselves1
 is s common t we are only a/oni%$ t    
?\ghtful  p]sons1 p]ceiv+ x 9 o!rs1 are 

n !reby l$ to discov] x 9  !mselves4''' 
,e man has a price at :i* he sells      
himself4 ,:at is  ?y price8 ,ha/ ?\ ev] 
weigh$ :at ?\ art really wor?8 ,g into  
?y *amb] & devote "s mom5ts ( e>ne/     
?\ght to an exam9ation  ( ?yself1 & try 
to discov] = :at e>?ly good ?\ w\ld/ be 
likely to give ?yself away4 ,look no    
f>!r back ?an ! la/ ye>2  pass 9 review 
?y secret ?\ghts & sil5t wi%es ev5 ( !  
la/  few weeks only6 ,ah6 a %ort :ile w 
no d\bt suffice to %[ !e ?y  weak po9ts1
 :i*1 _h !y be5 assail$ by any tempt]1  
w\ld soon  h reveal$ to !e at :at price 
?\ w\ld/ h sold ?y goodness1  ?y        
,*ri/ian pr9ciples1 ?y heav5 on e>?1 ?y 
et]nal prospects4  ,?\ %udd]e/8 ,?\     
w\ld/ r n look into ?yself8 ,b if ?\    
value/ ?y goodness1 ?y ,*ri/ian         
pr9ciples1 ?y heav5 on e>?1 ?y  et]nal  
prospects1 ah1 %r9k n f ?is             
self-inve/igation8--,f  ,zs*okke's      
8,m$itations on ,life1 ,dea?1 &         
,et]nity40           99       99        
99       99       99    ,,advice ,,to   

,,an ,,inexp]i5c$ ,,tea*] ,,(           
,,hi/ory4--,b ! me?od (  tea*+ hi/ory   
mu/ be det]m9$ 9 ! ma9 by ! object aim$ 
at4  ,if ! object is to deposit 9 ! m9d 
! greate/ numb] possible  ( hi/orical   
facts1 !re is p]haps no bett] way ?an to
 conf9e  ! in/ruction to drill ^u !     
cont5ts ( a manual by "q &  answ]1 )    
frequ5t exam9ations 9 writ+4 ,su* a     
me?od w\ld  probably be effective 9 two 
ways2 x w\ld give le>n]s positive  k1 or
 ! semblance ( x1 & x w\ld pretty       
c]ta9ly make  !m hate hi/ory4 ,i d n    
hesitate to say t ! ultimate purpose (  
s*ool in/ruction %\ld be to incite an   
int]e/ 9 hi/ory1 & to  create a love =  
hi/orical read+4    ,a ^w may be "h mo/ 
conv5i5tly said on ! subject (          
*ronology4  ,a few dates %\ld be well   
fix$ 9 ! memory2 !y %\ld be  c>efully   
select$ by ! tea*]1 & "s explanation    
giv5 ( _!  significance4 ,b 8a few10 y w
 say1 is a little indef9ite4 ,(  c\rse1 
op9ions w diff] z to ! numb] (          
indisp5sable dates 9  any hi/ory1 ?\gh  

!re might be a g5]al ass5t to ! pr9ciple
 (  requir+ ! pupil to commit z few z   
possible4 ,( ! two hundr$ &  fifty dates
 giv5 9 8,smi?'s ,small] ,hi/ory (      
,greece10 ,i insi/ on  fifte51 & ,i ?9k 
! numb] might be r$uc$ to t54 ,b if     
le>n]s  are prop]ly taught1 !y w1 (     
c\rse1 be able to det]m9e a great  _m   
dates approximately4    ,rememb]+ t y   
mu/ make hi/ory int]e/+1 to t end use   
all  available means to produce vivid   
impressions4 ,?is is a trite rem>k1  b x
 w be> repeat+4 ,ca/s1 models1 co9s1    
photographs1 relief  maps1 may n be at  
y\r comm&1 b maps ( "s sort y mu/ h4    
,hi/orical in/ruction1 )\t ! con/ant    
accompanim5t ( geography1  has no solid 
f\ndation--8is all 9 ! air40--,f        
8,me?ods ( ,tea*+  ,hi/ory40,,ak        
99       99       99       99       99  
,,! ,,com+ ,,( ,,lu!r4--,! ev5ts ( !    
sixte5? c5tury h be5 too  (t5 reg>d$ z  
con/itut+ a break 9 hi/ory4 ,b to ! eye 
(  ?\ght review+ ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 !    
cont9uity rema9s unbrok54  ,lu!r 0 b !  

*ild ( ! ages prec$+2 ! ,prote/ant      
revolution  0 ! natural & ord]ly sequ5ce
 ( a long c\rse ( prep>ation4  ,x 0     
indisp5sable inde$ = a "t t m5 %\ld     
reg>d !  ,re=mation z break+ ) ! pa/1 9 
ord] t !y might e/imate  m deeply !     
mean+ ( ! tru? :i* _h be5 reveal$ to !m1
 &  secure its firm] e/abli%m5t4 ,9 !   
turmoil ( an age ( transition  x is n   
always giv5 to ! lead]s to disc]n ! r\te
 by :i*  !y h be5 l$4 ,lu!r ent]$ ^u !  
inh]itance ( ,wycliffe  & ( ,huss1 &    
/ill fur!r 0 he indebt$ to ! _s ( ,g]man
  my/icism4 ,b 8 greatness 0 also       
peculi>ly 8 own4 ,he 0 n s  mu* a       
!ologian z a man :o af=d$ 9 8 own ri*   
nature1 unveil$  s completely be=e 8    
age1 ! mat]ials = !ology4 ,8 life 0  a  
type ( humanity = 8 own & succe$+ ages4 
,he liv$ ?r\gh  ! religi\s exp]i5ce ( ! 
,m$ival disp5sation be=e he came  to 8 k
 ( a high] bir?right4 ,view$ f ! /&po9t 
(  a =mal !ology1 he is full (          
inconsi/5cies & contradictions1  & ev5  
dang]\s errors4 ,b reg>d$ simply z a    

man1 ) 8 ri*  end[m5t ( human in/9cts & 
ye>n+s1 to :i* he gave ! free/1  mo/    
ungu>d$ expression1 he 0 9 himself a    
revelation ( ! human  consci\sness 9 its
 fre%ness & simplicity1 ) :i* a complete
  !ology mu/ come to t]ms4 ,x is because
 ! explosive utt]ances  ( 8 vigor\s1    
tumultu\s nature h be5 weigh$ z if !y 7 
c>efully =m$1 dogmatic /atem5ts1 t ,lu!r
 has be5 s (t5  misund]/ood by          
,prote/ant z well z by ,roman ,ca?olic  
writ]s4--,f  ,all5's 8,cont9uity (      
,*ri/ian ,?\ght40,,al           99      
99       99       99       99           
,,natural ,,res\rces ,,(                
,,irel&4--,irel& is a mu* ri*] c\ntry by
  nature ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,9     
fact1 %e has n yet be5  prop]ly explor$4
 ,!re is copp] ore 9 ,wickl[1 ,wat]=d1 &
 ,cork4  ,! ,leitrim iron ores are fam\s
 = _! ri*es2 & !re is good  iron/one 9  
,kilk5ny1 z well z 9 ,ul/]4 ,!          
,connaught ores are mix$  ) coal b$s4   
,kaol91 porcela9 clay1 & co>s] clay     
ab\nd2 b x  is only at ,belluk t x has  

be5 employ$ 9 ! pott]y manufacture4  ,b 
! sea ab\t ,irel& is /ill less explor$  
?an ! l&4 ,all  ar\nd ! ,atlantic's     
seabo>d ( ! ,iri% coa/ are %oals ( h]r+ 
& mack]el1 :i* might be food = man1 b at
 pres5t are only  consum$ by !          
multitudes ( sea birds :i* foll[ !m4--,f
 ,smiles's  8,m5 ( ,inv5tion &          
,indu/ry40      ,,footnotes    ,,ak ,!  
,p$agogical ,libr>y4 ,edit$ by ,g4      
,/anley ,hall4 ,vol ,i4 ,me?ods  (      
,tea*+ ,hi/ory4 ,second ,edition4       
,bo/on3 ,g9n1 ,hea?  ,co4 #ahhe4    ,,al
 ,! ,cont9uity ( ,*ri/ian ,?\ght4 ,by   
,alex&] ,v4 ,g4 ,all54  ,bo/on3         
,h\ghton1 ,miffl9  ,co4 #ahhd4 ,price   
#b4jj4          ,,special ,,notes4      
,we h be5 ask$ ! mean+ ( ! t]m !        
8geography ( !  heav5s40 ,pr(essor      
,hiram ,matteson1 9 8 excell5t little   
treatise  entitl$ 8,! geography ( !     
heav5s10 makes 9 8 preface !  foll[+    
explanatory rem>ks3 8,i h endeavor$ to  
tea* ! geography  ( ! heav5s 9 ne>ly !  
same mann] z we tea* ! geography (  !   

e>?4 ,:at t does 9 reg>d to ! hi/ory1   
situation1 ext5t1  population1 &        
pr9cipal cities ( ! sev]al k+doms ( !   
e>?1  ,i h done 9 reg>d to !            
con/ellations2 & ,i am p]suad$ t  a k ( 
! "o may be z easily obta9$ z ( ! o!r4  
,!  sy/ems are simil>4 ,x is only       
necess>y to *ange ! t]ms 9 "o  to r5d]  
!m applicable to ! o!r4 ,= ?is reason ,i
 h yield$  to ! pref]5ce ( ! publi%] 9  
call+ ?is "w #8,geography  ( ! ,heav5s1'
 in/ead ( ,uranography1 or "s o!r "n m  
etymologically apposite40           99  
99       99       99       99    ,x w be
 notic$ f ,*ancellor ,v9c5t's article on
 8,! ,*autauqua  ,s*ool ( ,lib]al       
,arts10 f\nd 9 ?is impression ( ,,!     
,,*autauquan1  t ! ,sunday-s*ool ,normal
 dep>tm5t ( ,*autauqua w h]eaft] be     
kn[n z 8,! ,am]ican ,*ur* ,sunday-s*ool 
,normal ,c\rse40           99       99  
99       99       99    ,messrs4 ,l4    
,prang  ,co4 h begun to s5d out val5t9es
 ( z mu*  beauty & arti/ic m]it z _!    
,*ri/mas & ,ea/] c>ds4 ,^? (  ! pres5t  

season h be5 ( r>e beauty--! color+ ( _m
 ( !m  is exquisite4           99       
99       99       99       99    ,!     
foll[+1 clipp$ f ! text-book ( !        
,*autauqua ,musical  ,read+ ,union      
notic$ 9 ,,! ,,*autauquan = ,febru>y1 w 
be (  int]e/ to _m ( our music-lov+     
read]s3    ,! aim is n s mu* to give    
te*nical in/ruction 9 ! sci5ce1  z to   
invite ! wid] outlook :i* is s important
 9 real musical  culture4 ,no p]son     
receives any pecuni>y b5efit f ?is      
organization1  b ! labor is freely giv5 
9 ! hope ( b5efit+ o!rs4 ,! books       
requir$ w be furni%$ f ! ,bo/on (fice at
 a disc\nt f !  retail prices1 or !y may
 be ord]$ ?r\gh any local booksell]4    
,local  circles may be =m$ 9 cities1    
t[ns1 or small villages1 greatly to !   
advantage ( all :o ?us associate        
!mselves4 ,sc>cely any?+ c be  conceiv$ 
t w yield m delightful ent]ta9m5t1      
toge!r )  improvem5t ( m9d & he>t1 ?an  
su* a local circle z may be =m$  9      
connection ) ! ,c4 ,m4 ,r4 ,c4 ,all :o  

are really 9 e>ne/ ab\t  ! improvem5t ( 
! musical ta/e ( ! community 9 :i* !y   
live1  %\ld ex]t e ef=t to br+ ab\t su* 
an organization4 ,= plans  & in=mation z
 to h[ ^! circles may be made           
successful1 address  ! director1 :o w   
gladly furni% sugge/ions1 & w s5d li/ ( 
prices at :i* ! requir$ books w be      
furni%$4 ,please enclose  /amp = reply4 
,a fee ( fifty c5ts w be requir$ to     
defray !  exp5se ( regi/ration1         
correspond5ce1 etc41 :i* am\nt1 ) !  "n 
& po/(fice address pla9ly writt5        
7includ+ c\nty &  /ate71 %\ld be =w>d$  
at once1 direct$ to ,w4 ,f4 ,%]w91      
,director  ,c4 ,m4 ,r4 ,c41 ,new ,engl& 
,cons]vatory1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4            
,c]tificates w  be giv5 = ea* c\rse1 & a
 diploma ^u ! completion ( ! f\r4  ,a   
8r\nd-table0 w be held 7 la ,c4 ,l4 ,s4 
,c47 ea* ye> dur+ !  ,*autauqua         
,assembly4 ,= price li/ ( books & any   
o!r in=mation1  address z above4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,! foll[+ special c\rse 9 physiology is 

ann\nc$3        ,wond]s ( ! ,human      
,body4 ,a4 ,le ,pileur4 #a4be4          
,physiology = ,practical ,use4 ,james   
,k9ton4 #b4ae4      ,m5tal ,physiology4 
,w4 ,b4 ,c>p5t]4 #c4jj      ,!          
,f\ndation ( ,dea?4 ,axel ,gu/afson4    
#b4jj4      ,,errata    ,9 li/ ( ,c4 ,l4
 ,s4 ,c4 graduates :i* appe>$ 9 ,,!     
,,*autauquan =  ,febru>y3               
,pettit1 ,h>riet ,l41 ,cali=nia1 in/ead 
( ,p5nsylvania4      ,arann1 ! ,rev4 ,j4
 ,m41 n ,araun4      ,hon1 ,george ,v41 
n ,h[4      ,ho]n]1 ,george ,p41 n      
,hoem]4      ,,names ,,to ,,be ,,add$   
,to ! li/ ( graduates 9 ! class ( #ahhd3
        ,black1 ,j5nie ,l4              
,p5nsylvania4      ,burgess1 ,miss ,anna
 ,e4        ,ohio4      ,c>t]1 ,anna ,b4
              ,cali=nia4      ,c>t]1    
,emily ,b4             ,cali=nia4       
,*amb]l91 ,lydia ,l4                    
,massa*usetts4      ,cl>k1 ,miss ,annie 
,rhode ,isl&4      ,coleman1 ,william   
,h4          ,ohio4      ,horsman1 ,mrs4
 ,george         ,wiscons94      ,hold51

 ,mrs4 ,s>ah ,k4        ,canada4        
,jones1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,j4            ,ohio4 
,m>%1 ,miss ,susanna          ,dakota4  
,mill>1 ,mrs4 ,lizzie ,l4 ,s4           
,m9nesota4      ,safley1 ,agnes ,e4     
,m9nesota4      ,scott1 ,mrs4 ,lucie ,m4
         ,new ,york4      ,walk]1 ,ezra 
,l4              ,ohio4      ,weav]1 !  
,rev4 ,wm4 ,c4      ,p5nsylvania4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,! foll[+ p]sons pass$ a cr$itable      
exam9ation 9 ! ,advanc$  ,normal ,c\rse 
( #ahhd at ,*autauqua3        ,miss     
,fannie ,l4 ,arm/rong1 ,hemp/ead1       
,texas4      ,mrs4 ,a4 ,w4 ,briggs1     
,elma1 ,erie ,co41 ,n4 ,y4      ,mr4 ,o4
 ,w4 ,b[]s1 ,mc,lallen's ,corn]s1 ,pa4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,at ,lakeside1 ,ohio1 ,assembly1 !      
foll[+ pass$ an ,advanc$ ,normal        
exam9ation3    ,mrs4 ,abby ,a4 ,p>i%1   
,brooklyn ,village1 ,ohio4           99 
99       99       99       99           
,transcrib]'s ,notes3    ,obvi\s        
punctuation errors repair$4    ,page    

#caf1 8made0 *ang$ to 8make0 7all       
dilig5ce to make _! call+7    ,page     
#caf1 8lotty0 *ang$ to 8l(ty0 7su* a    
l(ty und]/&+7    ,page #cag1 repeat$    
8d]0 remov$ 7! "u side ( ! cabbage      
leaves7    ,page #cai1 8entres0 *ang$ to
 8entres0 7too?some entres7    ,page    
#cca1 repeat$ 8mon0 remov$ 7= common    
s*ool purposes7    ,page #cda1 8,:at is 
true ( ! processes ( ! is equally true (
 almo/  e o!r manual indu/ry0 *ang$ to  
8,:at is true ( ! processes is  equally 
true ( almo/ e o!r manual indu/ry04 ,!  
revis$ s5t5ce  at lea/ makes "s sort (  
s5se1 b x's possible t words are 9  fact
 miss+ f ! orig9al4    ,page #cdh1      
repeat$ 8(0 remov$ 7,yale ,college class
 ( #ahec7    ,page #cej1 8inv>ible0     
*ang$ to 8inv>iable0 7an inv>iable "p ( 
ea*  ev5+'s "w7    ,page #cfg1          
8,calvani/ic0 *ang$ to 8,calv9i/ic0 7,! 
f\nd] (  ,calv9i/ic ,me?odism47    ,page
 #cfh1 8cuurse0 *ang$ to 8c\rse0 7,!    
fir/ c\rse ( di%es7    ,page #cfh1 8on0 
*ang$ to 890 to mat* article title      

7,home ,/udies 9  ,*emi/ry7