,,vol4 ,,xxxiv4 ,,no4 #aa4 ,,the ,,american ,,missionary4 99 99 99 99 99 8,to the ,poor the ,gospel is ,preached40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,november1 #ahhj4 ,,annual ,,meeting4 ,,contents3 ,,editorial4 ,,paragraphs #cba ,,financial--,,proceedings ,,at ,,annual ,,meeting #cbb ,,heroism ,,and ,,statesmanship3 ,rev4 ,alex4 ,hannay1 ,d4 ,d4 #cbe ,,general ,,survey #cbf ,,summary ,,of ,,treasurer',s ,,report #ccd ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,finance ,,and ,,enlargement #cce ,,why ,,we ,,should ,,enlarge3 ,rev4 ,l4 ,t4 ,chamberlain1 ,d4,d4 #ccf ,,sacrificial ,,living ,,and ,,giving3 ,rev4 ,a4 ,f4 ,beard1 ,d4,d4 #cdj ,,working ,,out ,,the ,,equation3 ,district ,secretary ,powell #cdb ,,the ,,freedmen4 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,educational ,,work #cdd ,,christian ,,education3 ,rev4 ,addison ,p4 ,foster #cde ,a ,,sample ,,state3 ,pres4 ,h4 ,s4 ,deforest #cdg ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,church ,,work #cej ,,our ,,disadvantages ,,and ,,advantages3 ,field ,sup't ,j4 ,e4 ,roy1 ,d4,d4 #cea ,,the ,,need ,,and ,,the ,,opportunity3 ,prof4 ,wm4 ,j4 ,tucker1 ,d4,d4 #ced ,,africa4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee #ceg ,,the ,,mendi ,,mission3 ,prof4 ,t4 ,n4 ,chase #cei ,,the ,,call ,,to ,,the ,,association3 ,rev4 ,h4 ,m4 ,ladd #cfc ,,the ,,indians4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee #cfd ,,causes ,,of ,,the ,,mismanagement ,,of ,,indian ,,affairs3 ,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,bradford4 #cfe ,,letter ,,from ,,general ,,fisk #cgj ,,the ,,chinese4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee #cgb ,,the ,,two ,,methods3 ,rev4 ,lyman ,abbott1 ,d4,d4 #cgb ,,our ,,grounds ,,of ,,encouragement3 ,rev4 ,samuel ,scoville #cge ,,receipts #cgi ,,constitution #chc ,,aim1 ,,statistics1 ,,wants #chd ,illustration ,this number of the ,,american ,,missionary is sent to some persons whose names are not among our subscribers1 with the hope that they will read it1 become interested in the work it represents1 and subscribe for it4 ,terms1 #ej cents per annum4 ,subscriptions may be sent to ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,esq41 ,treasurer1 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,entered at the ,post ,office at ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y41 as second-class matter4 ,american ,missionary ,association1 #ef ,,reade ,,street1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,president4 ,,hon4 ,e4 ,s4 ,,tobey1 ,boston4 ,,vice-,,presidents4 ,hon4 ,f4 ,d4 ,,parish1 ,ohio4 ,hon4 ,e4 ,d4 ,,holton1 ,wis4 ,hon4 ,,william ,,claflin1 ,mass4 ,rev4 ,,stephen ,,thurston1 ,d4 ,d41 ,me4 ,rev4 ,,samuel ,,harris1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ct4 ,,wm4 ,c4 ,,chapin1 ,esq41 ,r4 ,i4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,eustis1 ,d4 ,d41 ,mass4 ,hon4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,barstow1 ,r4 ,i4 ,rev4 ,,thatcher ,,thayer1 ,d4 ,d41 ,r4 ,i4 ,rev4 ,,ray ,,palmer1 ,d4 ,d41 ,n4 ,j4 ,rev4 ,,edward ,,beecher1 ,d4 ,d41 ,n4 ,y4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,sturtevant1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ill4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,,patton1 ,d4 ,d41 ,d4 ,c4 ,hon4 ,,seymour ,,straight1 ,la4 ,rev4 ,,cyrus ,w4 ,,wallace1 ,d4 ,d41 ,n4 ,h4 ,rev4 ,,edward ,,hawes1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ct4 ,,douglas ,,putnam1 ,esq41 ,ohio4 ,hon4 ,,thaddeus ,,fairbanks1 ,vt4 ,rev4 ,m4 ,m4 ,g4 ,,dana1 ,d4 ,d41 ,minn4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,beecher1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gen4 ,o4 ,o4 ,,howard1 ,washington ,ter4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,magoun1 ,d4 ,d41 ,iowa4 ,col4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,hammond1 ,ill4 ,,edward ,,spaulding1 ,m4 ,d41 ,n4 ,h4 ,rev4 ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,barbour1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ct4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,gage1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ct4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,hatch1 ,esq41 ,n4 ,y4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,fairchild1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ohio4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,a4 ,,stimson1 ,mass4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,stone1 ,d4 ,d41 ,california4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,h4 ,,atkinson1 ,d4 ,d41 ,oregon4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,rankin1 ,d4 ,d41 ,d4 ,c4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,chapin1 ,d4 ,d41 ,wis4 ,s4 ,d4 ,,smith1 ,esq41 ,mass4 ,dea4 ,,john ,c4 ,,whitin1 ,mass4 ,hon4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,grinnell1 ,iowa4 ,rev4 ,,horace ,,winslow1 ,ct4 ,sir ,,peter ,,coats1 ,scotland4 ,rev4 ,,henry ,,allon1 ,d4 ,d41 ,london1 ,eng4 ,,wm4 ,e4 ,,whiting1 ,esq41 ,n4 ,y4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,pinkerton1 ,esq41 ,mass4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,graves1 ,esq41 ,n4 ,j4 ,rev4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,noble1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ill4 ,,daniel ,,hand1 ,esq41 ,ct4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,williston1 ,esq41 ,mass4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,f4 ,,beard1 ,d4 ,d41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,frederick ,,billings1 ,esq41 ,vt4 ,,joseph ,,carpenter1 ,esq41 ,r4 ,i4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,,goodwin1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ill4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,,goodell1 ,d4 ,d41 ,mo4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,scoville1 ,esq41 ,ill4 ,e4 ,w4 ,,blatchford1 ,esq41 ,ill4 ,c4 ,d4 ,,talcott1 ,esq41 ,ct4 ,rev4 ,,john ,k4 ,,mclean1 ,d4 ,d41 ,cal4 ,rev4 ,,richard ,,cordley1 ,d4 ,d41 ,kansas4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,willcox1 ,d4 ,d41 ,mass4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,b4 ,,willcox1 ,d4 ,d41 ,ill4 ,rev4 ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,taylor1 ,d4 ,d41 ,n4 ,y4 ,rev4 ,,geo4 ,m4 ,,boynton1 ,mass4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,b4 ,,webb1 ,d4 ,d41 ,mass4 ,hon4 ,c4 ,j4 ,,walker1 ,mich4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,ross1 ,mich4 ,,corresponding ,,secretary4 ,,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,,strieby1 ,d4 ,d41 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,district ,,secretaries4 ,,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,,woodworth1 ,boston4 ,,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,,pike1 ,d4 ,d41 ,new ,york4 ,,rev4 ,,jas4 ,,powell1 ,chicago4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,,esq41 ,treasurer1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,,strieby1 ,recording ,secretary4 ,,executive ,,committee4 ,,alonzo ,s4 ,,ball1 ,a4 ,s4 ,,barnes1 ,c4 ,t4 ,,christensen1 ,h4 ,l4 ,,clapp1 ,,clinton ,b4 ,,fisk1 ,,addison ,p4 ,,foster1 ,s4 ,b4 ,,halliday1 ,a4 ,j4 ,,hamilton1 ,,samuel ,,holmes1 ,,charles ,a4 ,,hull1 ,,edgar ,,ketchum1 ,,chas4 ,l4 ,,mead1 ,,samuel ,s4 ,,marples1 ,,wm4 ,t4 ,,pratt1 ,j4 ,a4 ,,shoudy1 ,,john ,h4 ,,washburn4 ,,communications relating to the work of the ,association may be addressed to the ,corresponding ,secretary2 those relating to the collecting fields to the ,district ,secretaries2 letters for the ,editor of the 8,american ,missionary10 to ,rev4 ,c4 ,c4 ,,painter1 at the ,new ,york ,office4 ,,donations ,,and ,,subscriptions may be sent to ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,treasurer1 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,new ,york1 or when more convenient1 to either of the ,branch ,offices1 #ba ,congregational ,house1 ,boston1 ,mass41 or #aab ,west ,washington ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,a payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a ,life ,member4 ,,the ,,american ,,missionary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vol4 ,,xxxiv4 ,,november1 #ahhj4 ,,no4 #aa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,american ,missionary ,association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,this ,,missionary1 as will be seen1 is an ,annual ,meeting number4 ,we have endeavored to give a glimpse at the things which were said and done at ,norwich4 ,we have been able to give almost nothing entire1 except the briefer of the reports of the ,committees4 ,for ,dr4 ,mc,kenzie's sermon we must refer to the ,advance of ,oct4 #bh2 for ,dr4 ,taylor's paper1 to the ,congregationalist ,supplement of ,oct4 #bj2 for ,mr4 ,carroll's review of missions1 to the ,independent of ,oct4 #bh4 ,for the rest1 we have crowded what we could into this double number of the ,,missionary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we are under renewed obligations to our denominational newspapers for their editorial representation at our anniversary1 and their full and discriminating reports of our proceedings4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our ,annual ,meeting in the ,broadway ,church1 ,norwich1 awakened1 in the minds of many1 encouraging comparison with the ,anniversary of this ,association held in the same place #ai years ago4 ,it was in the fall of #ahfa4 ,our country was just settling into the heavy tug of war4 ,and yet one of the headings of the ,annual ,report was3 8,enlargement demanded40 ,see how ,god has fulfilled that aspiration in the enlargement of our finances1 of our constituency1 of our field1 of our work4 ,the #ea1hai of that year1 upon the recommendation of the ,boston ,council in #ahfe1 came up to #bej1jjj and #c1jjj more1 and the average of these fifteen years has been that same sum1 #bec1jjj4 ,all the work we then had at the ,south1 the very first of the kind that was done1 was that of the one missionary and one teacher among the #a1hjj 8contrabands10 who at that point had pressed through our lines4 ,but the men of that meeting1 believing that the day of freedom was at hand1 and praying1--in the words of one of ,governor ,buckingham's ,state papers--that 8the country might be carried through the crisis in such a manner as should forever check the spirit of anarchy1 bring peace to a distracted people1 and preserve1 strengthen and perpetuate our ,national ,union10 did solemnly and grandly resolve 8to follow the armies of the ,united ,states with faithful missionaries and teachers04 ,you know how this ,association did follow those armies across the sunny ,south1 and how it turned its own forces into an army of occupation1 until its field became identical with the realm of our national flag4 ,now this marvelous enlargement1 attained within less than two decades1 has brought us to 8the cross of our success40 ,shall we take up that cross8 ,shall we consecrate ourselves to bear the burden of obligation which this extension of our work lays upon us8 ,may we discern this call of ,god for enlargement1 even as did the good men of that day8 ,the chief officers of this ,association1 the ,president1 ,rev4 ,david ,thurston1 the ,treasurer1 ,lewis ,tappan1 with his brother ,arthur1 the ,secretaries1 ,george ,whipple and ,s4 ,s4 ,jocelyn1 now on high1 were all here on this platform1 bearing up against the discouragements of the way1 and by their great faith inciting the people to 8go forward40 8,the workers die1 but ,god carries on the work40 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,suggestion--,,financial4 ,we have passed another milestone in our work4 ,the reports and extracts from addresses made at the recent annual meeting1 and placed before our constituents in this double number of the ,,missionary1 tell how far we have progressed1 and indicate something of the demands that the journey beyond is already making upon us4 ,a perusal of these papers will show that the enthusiasm of earnest conviction characterized the ,norwich meeting4 ,the success of the past1 no less than the present exigent needs of the field in every department1 focused the thought of the meeting on one thing--enlargement of the work4 ,but the spirit that pervaded the annual meeting must in some way or other be carried over to the churches4 ,enlargement of the work means necessarily enlargement of resources4 ,there must be at least an increase of twenty-five per cent4 over the contributions of last year4 ,it is a good time now to lay plans to secure this4 ,we would suggest to pastors and others having charge of missionary meetings1 that1 as far as possible1 the next monthly concert be made the occasion of bringing before the churches the interesting facts regarding the work of the ,american ,missionary ,association presented at the ,norwich meeting4 ,by possessing the minds of the people with intelligence1 and their hearts with interest regarding the work1 the needed increase in contributions1 we believe1 will be easily secured4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,proceedings ,,at ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting4 ,the thirty-fourth ,annual ,meeting of the ,association had for its meeting place the commodious ,broadway ,church in the beautiful city of ,norwich1 ,conn4 ,it was favored with perfect autumnal days1 bountiful and beautiful hospitality1 and a large and sustained attendance at all its sessions4 ,president ,tobey being detained from attendance1 the chair was occupied by ,vice-,presidents ,dr4 ,wm4 ,l4 ,gage1 of ,hartford1 and ,dr4 ,wm4 ,w4 ,patton1 of ,howard ,university1 and at the closing session by ,dr4 ,l4 ,t4 ,chamberlain1 pastor of the church in which the meetings were held4 ,rev4 ,geo4 ,m4 ,boynton was elected ,secretary1 and ,revs4 ,c4 ,p4 ,osborne and ,j4 ,h4 ,isham1 ,assistant ,secretaries of the meeting4 ,dr4 ,langworthy1 of ,massachusetts1 conducted the opening devotional services4 ,the ,treasurer read his report4 ,the report of the ,executive ,committee was read by ,secretary ,strieby1 after which an hour was spent in prayer1 reminiscence and thanksgiving4 ,dr4 ,alex4 ,mc,kenzie1 of ,cambridge1 ,mass41 preached the ,annual ,sermon1 his text being ,ex4 ii43#i--8,take this child away and nurse it for me40 ,the thought elaborated with great force and beauty was the claim of the child1 the ,african race1 upon the ,king's daughter1 the ,church of ,god4 ,wednesday morning the prayer meeting was led by ,rev4 ,r4 ,b4 ,howard1 of ,massachusetts4 ,part of the morning was devoted to presentations of missionary work outside of the special limits of the ,association4 ,a paper1 valuable for its clearness and comprehensiveness1 on 8,recent ,progress of ,protestant ,missions10 was read by ,mr4 ,h4 ,k4 ,carroll1 one of the editors of the ,independent1 in whose care is their excellent missionary column4 ,mr4 ,eugene ,reveillaud then addressed the ,association1 through ,rev4 ,mr4 ,dodds1 who acted as his interpreter1 on the recent remarkable religious movements in ,france4 ,mr4 ,dodds and ,rev4 ,l4 ,w4 ,bacon spoke briefly on the same subject4 ,the ,committees to which had been assigned the various departments of the work as represented in the official papers1 then in order reported1 and addresses were made on the subjects of which they treated4 #a4 ,the church work4 ,the report was presented by ,prof4 ,wm4 ,j4 ,tucker1 ,d4 ,d41 of ,andover ,theological ,seminary1 and was sustained by him in an able and suggestive address1 showing the kind of religion needed by the negro and the progress already made4 ,dr4 ,roy followed with a statement of the disadvantages under which this department of our work was compelled to labor1 and1 on the other hand1 of the favorable circumstances by which it was assisted4 #b4 ,the ,indian report was read by ,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,bradford1 of ,new ,jersey1 after which ,general ,armstrong spoke of the educational experiment at ,hampton1 its success and its needs4 ,a company of the ,indian pupils on their way from their summer homes in ,berkshire ,county1 ,mass41 added1 by their presence on the platform and by simple exercises1 to the impressiveness of the plea4 ,mr4 ,bradford sustained the report made by him in a forcible address1 showing the evils of the treaty and reservation systems1 and the need of still further reform in our civil service4 #c4 ,the educational work 7,south7 was reported on ,wednesday evening by ,rev4 ,addison ,p4 ,foster1 of ,new ,jersey1 ,chairman of the ,committee4 ,dr4 ,wm4 ,m4 ,taylor1 of ,new ,york1 followed with a strong plea4 ,its leading illustration was drawn from the feeding of the five thousand2 when the disciples came to the ,master and said1 8,send the multitudes away20 to whom he replied1 8,they need not depart1 give ye them to eat40 ,mr4 ,foster also sustained the report read by him4 ,he demonstrated the greatness of the need and the religious character of the education demanded and sought to be supplied by our schools4 ,thursday morning1 after the prayer meeting1 which was led by ,rev4 ,f4 ,williams of ,connecticut1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,s4 ,de ,forest1 ,president of ,talladega ,college1 spoke in continuation of the discussion of the report on education1 setting forth the wants of ,alabama and the condition and needs of ,talladega4 ,rev4 ,wm4 ,e4 ,brooks1 just elected to the ,presidency of ,tillotson ,institute1 in ,texas1 gave his creed in regard to the work before him1 in a brief address full of animation and hopefulness4 ,he was followed by ,professor ,fairchild1 of ,berea ,college1 who spoke of the influence of that ,institution in doing away the prejudices of the whole community in which it was located4 ,dr4 ,i4 ,p4 ,warren1 of ,maine1 also spoke briefly4 ,district ,secretary ,powell1 of ,chicago1 closed the discussion of this largest department of the work of the ,association4 #d4 ,the ,african ,missions were reported on by ,rev ,h4 ,m4 ,ladd1 of ,walton1 ,new ,york1 who followed the report with a brief address4 ,professor ,t4 ,n4 ,chase1 of ,atlanta1 ,georgia1 who recently has returned from a visit of inspection to the ,mendi ,mission1 gave an account of the field1 of the location of the mission1 with its drawbacks and hopeful signs frankly and fully contrasted4 ,rev4 ,lewis ,grant followed briefly4 ,dr4 ,patton also spoke on this topic4 #e4 ,the ,finance ,committee reported through its ,chairman1 ,rev4 ,wm4 ,h4 ,willcox1 ,d4,d41 commending the business management of the ,association1 and making it clear that the #aej1jjj recently received for buildings in no wise lessened the demands upon the treasury or the dependence of the treasury upon the churches4 ,secretary ,strieby followed1 urging the need of the enlargement of the work4 ,dr4 ,a4 ,f4 ,beard1 of ,new ,york1 read a most suggestive paper on ,giving as an important part of the sacrificial life to which the ,christian is called4 ,he was followed by ,dr4 ,chamberlain in an earnest plea for justice and restitution to the races which our race has so deeply wronged1 and briefly by ,president ,magoun of ,iowa ,college4 #f4 ,the ,chinese report was read on ,thursday evening by ,dr4 ,lyman ,abbott1 of ,new ,york1 and supported by him4 ,in his address he stated fully and frankly the possible dangers arising from ,chinese immigration1 and the two methods by which they might be averted4 ,rev4 ,samuel ,scoville1 of ,stamford1 ,connecticut1 followed in a fervid plea based on the importance of the work1 and the encouragements to its prosecution4 ,rev4 ,r4 ,b4 ,howard briefly followed4 ,it would not do to omit the witty and eloquent address of ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hannay1 ,secretary of the ,congregational ,union of ,england and ,wales1 in which he spoke of the heroism of modern missionary effort and the statesmanship needed and shown in the discussions of the work of the ,association4 ,the ,lord's ,supper was celebrated on ,wednesday afternoon1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,o4 ,barrows of ,turkey1 and ,rev4 ,jonathan ,edwards of ,massachusetts officiating4 ,at the close1 resolutions of thanks to the churches and citizens of ,norwich1 to the choir1 the ,committee and the railroads1 were adopted1 and responded to by ,rev4 ,wm4 ,s4 ,palmer1 ,d4,d41 of ,norwich1 chairman of the ,committee of ,arrangements4 ,the benediction was pronounced by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,chamberlain4 ,thus ended one of the best attended and best sustained anniversaries of the ,american ,missionary ,association4 ,for changes in the list of ,vice-,presidents and ,executive ,committee we refer to the first inside page of the cover4 ,on ,wednesday afternoon1 the ,second ,church was filled below and above with a congregation of nearly a thousand women4 ,mrs4 ,dr4 ,john ,a4 ,rockwell1 of ,stamford1 ,conn41 presided1 and1 after the opening prayer by ,mrs4 ,phipps1 read a brief paper on woman's responsibility in the nineteenth century4 ,miss ,stevenson1 ,miss ,sawyer1 ,mrs4 ,hickok and ,miss ,emery1 all familiar with the condition and needs of the colored women of the ,south1 addressed the meeting1 the interest of which was so great and so well sustained that it re-assembled the next morning4 ,at that time ,miss ,douglass1 who had labored in ,georgia among the negroes1 and ,miss ,ludlow1 of ,hampton ,institute1 ,miss ,lord and others spoke1 keeping up the interest which had attended the previous session4 ,resolutions expressing hearty sympathy with the work of the ,a4 ,m4 ,a41 and urging an organization for home mission work in every church in ,new ,england1 were adopted at the close of this full and earnest woman's meeting4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,heroism ,,and ,,statesmanship4 ,,from ,,the ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,,alexander ,,hannay1 ,d4,d41 ,,secretary ,,of ,,the ,,congregational ,,union ,,of ,,england ,,and ,,wales4 ,we sometimes talk--and ,i think in a very superficial and wild way--about heroic ages of certain nationalities1 heroic ages of the church2 and there are men who will say it was a heroic age in which foreign missions were projected1 whether in ,england or here2 that then the men were of great stature1 and that they rose to the opportunities the great living ,head of the ,church offered them1 and went out and did a giant's work2 and they look down on this time1 and perhaps complain that it is not a heroic age1 and that we cannot have a giant's test put to us4 ,now that is all very flimsy and superficial talk in my judgment4 ,there are epochs in the history of nations and of churches when great opportunities occur1 the record of which becomes historical1 and it seems that the men who take the prominent part then are men of ,alpine bulk and grandeur of nature--true heroes2 and then there comes a time of equable1 dogged1 plodding1 unhistorical work1 and it is said 8,the age of heroism and the age of heroes has passed away40 ,brethren1 the work of these quiet and plodding ages cannot be done well1 except in the very spirit of the heroic age2 and ,i take it there is a test of individual character1 there is a test of strength and firmness in men1 a strength of heroism demanded for the quiet1 ordinary1 fruitful work of times like these1 equal1 at least1 to that which was needed to originate the new epoch4 ,and ,i congratulate the representatives of the ,american churches assembled at the meetings of these great societies on the evidence which has appeared to me1 7and ,i would use no words of mere courtesy in this1 but a simple and unaffected expression of the feeling which has taken possession of me while ,i have attended these meetings71 that here they are in the very spirit of their fathers1 now gone to their rest1 who said1 8,we must redeem the pagan nations and bring them to ,christ40 ,another thing that has struck me is this3 in listening to what we have heard here to-day1 ,i have seemed to find not merely a fulness and vitality of the missionary sentiment1 but associated with that1 a keen1 political outlook1 the statesman's thought about the demand of the hour and the special adaptations that are necessary in service for the carrying out of the great work that these societies have in view4 ,it is especially encouraging in view of this1 to which no one can be blind1 that ,god is calling ,america to a singularly honorable1 because singularly difficult1 vocation1 in dealing with the races with which her life of intelligence and faith is here being brought into contact4 ,it is quite true1 sir1 that the ,head of the ,church1 as has been proclaimed from this platform1 and from that at ,lowell1 again and again1 is imposing on you the discipleship of the world1 the duty of carrying the ,gospel to all the nations of the earth4 ,it thus lies upon the ,christian nations so honored to stretch out their hands to lift the other nations up to the plane on which they are themselves living4 ,but there has been brought to ,america1 it seems to me1 a specially difficult task4 ,she has had thrust within her national boundary at least three separate races1 that are on a different stage of intellectual development and civilization from that which she has reached2 or if it be too much to say that these races have been thrust within her boundaries1 then that the high and laudable ambition1 which has moved you as a people to keep this great continent to yourselves1 and to take as much more as you can get1 has brought upon you this obligation in connection with the great races which are to be found on your soil4 ,we are aware that the spirit and the policy of the world is hounded on1 perhaps now more than ever1 by that proud and insolent dictum of science1 falsely so called1 ready to be applied to the affairs of races as to other things--8the survival of the fittest40 ,no doubt there are men among you who are ready to take up the spirit of this maxim and to apply it all around1 and to feel1 as has been said here about the dead ,indian1 that it is the province of the stronger people simply to overrun1 and press out1 and hustle over the frontiers1 or over the shores of your continent1 the weaker races4 ,now1 sir1 as ,i understand it1 you have been called to this vocation of bringing up these weaker races1 of incorporating them into your own national life1 of clothing them with all the honors and responsibilities of citizenship1 of giving them a full status in the ,church and in the township1 of making them what you are yourselves1 gradually scattering their darkness by the light of your intelligence1 and vitalizing their enfeebled and degraded manhood by the overflow of the surplus energy of your own manhood4 ,there has been given to you this great task to perform1 to show the nations a better way of dealing with the weaker races than any nation has yet reached2 and if the spirit of the ,american ,missionary ,association can but be breathed into the ,american people as a whole2 if you can control your political action1 if you can determine the issues in your ,congress by that spirit1 and control all your dealings with those peoples by it1 one of the very brightest of the many crowns which will sit on the brow of the ,american nation will be the crown which you will win in that service4 ,this is the work to which you are called4 ,i have been asked since ,i came here how ,i could explain the fact that the citizens of ,america seem to meddle so much in politics4 ,i do not think we of ,england meddle enough with them4 ,the existence of a political church among us forces a certain political contention upon us with which you here have nothing to do4 ,but ,i take it that it is one of the highest1 most urgent vocations of the ,church of ,christ1 in this and in all lands1 to see to it1 that1 so far as her influence shall go1 by teaching and by testimony1 by debate1 by criticism1 by all kinds of fair mental conflict to penetrate the political life of the nation with the spirit of ,christ4 ,it will not be well with you in ,america1 any more than with us in ,england1 whether with regard to your work for the black man and the ,indian and the ,chinese1 or with regard to your own national stability and progress1 until this work has been gone earnestly about4 ,we can afford to rise above party politics1 but we are bound to preach that righteousness1 that truth1 that spirit of self sacrifice1 without which neither church nor nation can be made great and stable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,general ,,survey4 ,the battle cry of the ,american ,missionary ,association now is ,,enlargement4 ,we are called to this by recent encouragements1 and by the demands of the future4 ,,the ,,encouragements ,,of ,,the ,,present4 ,,finances4 ,we present our financial situation as one of these encouragements1 and first in order1 as being special1 we mention the receipt of #aej1jjj1 the donation of ,mrs4 ,valeria ,g4 ,stone1 of ,malden1 ,mass4 ,this munificent gift has been so confidently anticipated1 that ,prof4 ,t4 ,n4 ,chase has for some time been occupied in maturing plans for the buildings to be erected by it1 so that the work at all points will be pushed forward with rapidity and economy4 ,we hope1 therefore1 at our next ,annual ,meeting1 to announce that buildings have been erected at several points in the ,south that shall afford much needed facilities to overcrowded schools1 and that shall serve as monuments to the liberality and wisdom of the donor1 more fitting1 because more useful1 than the most costly shaft or obelisk4 ,next in order1 but not least in significance1 we refer to the financial exhibit of our ,treasurer1 with its favorable balance sheet4 ,the receipts for the year1 aside from ,mrs4 ,stone's donation1 have been #ahg1dhj4jb1 which together with the amount on hand ,sept4 #cj1 #ahgi 7#a1dge4ij71 makes a total of #ahh1iee4ib2 and the expenditures1 #ahh1agb4ai2 thus giving a credit balance of #ghc4gc4 ,as a part of the gratifying results of the year's expenditures1 as we had no debt to pay1 we can point to four school buildings newly erected or greatly improved2 to six church edifices completed2 to two in the process of erection2 to five repaired and improved2 and to three parsonages repaired1 one in process of erection1 and one built by the people4 ,among these new school buildings we are glad to number the large and commodious edifice for ,tillotson ,institute1 ,austin1 ,texas1 a permanent outpost1 we hope1 in the rapidly increasing population of the great ,south-west4 ,such a balance sheet1 carrying on the one side our regular work and these new and greatly needed buildings1 yet held in even poise by the generous donations of our friends1 is an argument for enlargement at other points calling for it with increased importunity4 ,we dare not be presumptuous1 but may we not trust still further to the ,god of the poor1 and will not his people sustain us in the trust8 ,,freedmen4 ,our ,educational work among the ,freedmen furnishes the next source of encouragement4 ,the increasing appreciation of our schools by both the white and colored people of the ,south1 is manifest4 ,georgia continues to give the substantial assistance of her annual appropriation of #h1jjj to the ,atlanta ,university4 ,a large majority of the ,state ,board of ,examiners attended the anniversary exercises this year4 ,their examinations were close1 their report to the ,governor wholly favorable1 and their recommendation of the continuance of the appropriation unhesitating1 the closing words of their report being3 8,who can doubt the wisdom of continuing the appropriation80 ,the ,state of ,mississippi was represented at the ,commencement exercises at ,tougaloo by her ,superintendent of ,education and other influential citizens1 who1 after careful inspection1 gave public assurance of ,state aid4 ,the first instalment1 we are confident1 will reach us this fall4 ,soon after the war1 when this ,state was under ,republican rule1 it granted aid to ,tougaloo4 ,under changed political control1 this grant was for a time withheld1 but now while overwhelming ,democratic majorities are regularly reported1 the proffer of aid is renewed4 ,the significance of the fact is that both political parties1 much as they may differ on other points1 are agreed in sustaining the ,tougaloo ,university4 ,another evidence of such appreciation is found in the attendance at our school anniversaries1 of persons who represent public sentiment4 ,at ,hampton1 ,president ,hayes1 ,secretary ,schurz1 the ,governor and an ex-,governor of ,massachusetts were present2 at ,berea1 the audience numbered probably #a1hjj or #b1jjj persons1 two-thirds being of the white race2 at ,fisk1 there was reported 8a crowded house20 at ,atlanta1 the audience was packed2 at ,straight ,university1 ,new ,orleans1 it is reported that 8the audience1 both in numbers and intelligent appreciation1 was one of the best ever gathered for the purpose in the city40 ,our work is not now done in a corner1 nor under the ban of good people1 ,north or ,south4 ,the colored people show their appreciation of the schools by an increased attendance4 ,the roll is larger than last year in the aggregate1 and in nearly all the departments4 ,the total number of pupils reported this year is #h1jeb against #g1bjg last year4 ,the largest proportionate increase is in the theological1 grammar and normal grades4 ,our schools are meant to be religious4 ,if not1 they are as nothing to us4 ,we watch1 therefore1 with great jealousy1 the developments in this direction1 and we are gratified to be able to report interesting revivals at ,fisk1 ,tougaloo and ,woodbridge1 with conversions and a quiet spiritual work at other schools4 ,the usefulness and activity of our students as they go out in vacation or at graduation may be illustrated by facts like these3 8,one pupil who is a minister reports over forty hopeful conversions in connection with his labors during the summer vacation40 ,another writes3 8,i was assigned to a place where there was no school-house or church4 ,the people had their meeting under an arbor4 ,i worked with the patrons until they built me a school-house40 ,from ,memphis the report is3 8,sixteen of our young people have1 during the summer1 taught #a1jce day pupils1 and very nearly as many ,sunday-school scholars40 ,the returning pupils at ,tougaloo reported that 8the ,sunday-school and ,temperance work had been vigorously pushed with excellent results1 one of which was over #a1cjj signers to the ,temperance pledge40 ,our ,theological ,departments are the flower of our schools1 and the germinating seed for our church work4 ,they have this year1 as we have seen1 increased in the number of their students and in their efficiency4 ,talladega reports that 8eight young men will graduate from the ,theological ,department1 all of whom will enter the ,congregational ministry in the ,south4 ,they are now warmly welcomed to the pulpits of all denominations40 ,from ,new ,orleans3 8,the ,theological ,department is larger than in any previous year4 ,four of the class are ordained ministers1 of whom two are pastors of churches in ,new ,orleans40 ,the ,theological ,department of ,howard ,university reports that 8sixteen students were sent forth to preach1 all of whom go to the ,south to the ,freedmen40 ,with such a record before us1 a work so useful and that needs almost indefinite expansion1 invites to that expansion by its very success4 ,our ,church ,work shows a steady and healthful growth4 ,the number of churches in the ,south is #gc as against #fg last year2 of church members1 #d1ifa--last year1 #d1fjj4 ,in the four new churches organized1 and in the six new edifices erected1 and two in the process1 five repaired1 and in the parsonages improved and built1 we see the additions to the outward scaffolding1 within which is going forward the spiritual work of preparing the polished stones of the sanctuary2 and we see the added force of workmen ascending this scaffolding1 in the ordination of four young men to the ,gospel ministry1 and in the reports from our ,theological ,departments of well trained young men graduating and entering the service4 ,that spiritual work is indicated in part by the reports of precious revivals and ingatherings into the churches4 ,the pastor at ,new ,orleans writes3 8,it is my happiness to record one of the most precious revivals in the history of the ,central ,church40 ,from ,shelby ,iron ,works1 ,ala3 8,the meetings closed with twenty-one conversions reported4 ,last ,sunday fifteen came forward1 entered into covenant with the church1 and were baptized on profession of their faith4 ,some eight or ten are to unite by letter the first opportunity1 who were not ready to join last ,sunday40 ,from ,savannah1 ,ga13 8,there has been an unusual work of grace among this people1 and the meetings have been quiet and orderly as with a ,new ,england congregation40 ,we have been impressed this year with the unusual mention in the reports from the churches of the attendance and interest in the prayer meetings4 ,if the prayer meeting is the pulse of the church1 we should infer that the life blood flows warmly from the heart in our churches in the ,south4 ,the disposition for self help is a plant of slow growth among a people marvelous for their faith and passive endurance1 but little used to forethought and activity4 ,we have felt the need of developing 8this grace also10 and have1 therefore1 taken unusual pains to induce the churches to aid more fully in the support of their pastors4 ,the responses have exceeded our expectations2 in almost every instance the additional sum we have named has been given1 and in some instances more4 ,other facts of the same purport are seen in such extracts as these1 culled from the 8,detailed ,report40 ,the pastor of the church in ,atlanta proposed that the church debt should be paid off4 ,with a little help from the ,north1 and from the professors of the ,university1 it was done1 making about #efc raised by the church1 aside from current expenses1 in six months4 ,they have also aided in securing a fine bell of #hjj lbs4 ,the young church at ,marietta1 ,ga41 raised #cjj for their new church edifice4 ,in a church collection for the ,american ,missionary ,association in ,marion1 one man put in #e1 being one-tenth of his crop--a bale of cotton4 ,a man and his wife are sustaining their daughter in the school at ,tougaloo with the money saved on snuff and tobacco since they signed the pledge4 ,the church at ,wilmington1 ,n4 ,c41 claims to be the banner church among the constituents of the ,american ,board1 having given more than any other1 according to number and means1 as judged by the report of ,dr4 ,alden4 ,the ,sunday-,schools1 as reported1 show a slight increase in numbers1 but the reports are not full1 and hence the figures do not properly represent the strength of this arm of the service4 ,revivals have occurred in some of the schools4 ,the ,temperance cause holds its place in the hearts and efforts of our workers in the ,south4 ,in the churches1 schools1 mission schools1 and by the teachers who go out in vacation1 is the good work pushed forward4 ,the ,conferences in the ,south have held their meetings1 and ,dr4 ,roy1 who was enabled to attend several of them1 was delighted with the excellence of the sermons and papers and the ability of the discussions1 as well as with the fervor of spiritual life4 ,some of the ,conferences appointed delegates to the ,national ,council4 ,a marked feature at one of these meetings--that of the ,alabama ,conference at ,selma--was the social and religious welcome it received from the white families and churches4 ,dr4 ,roy thus reports it3 8,you have been told of the new era in our work1 marked by the opening of half a dozen of the homes of the first families in ,selma1 ,alabama1 for the entertainment of the white members of the ,conference4 ,it was not merely the offer of their houses as eating and sleeping places1 but it was a delicate and attentive ,christian hospitality1 which invited the guests around from home to home in order to the extension of acquaintance4 ,when grateful words were said to ,major ,joseph ,hardie for having led the way1 he answered that that gave him too much credit2 that the places had all been opened cheerfully1 and that1 after the sessions were over1 other families had said3 #8,why didn't you give us a chance8 ,we would like to have had some of those folks4' ,another host1 referring to the mutual satisfaction1 said3 #8,it is just because we are getting better acquainted4' ,in the same line was the opening of the ,presbyterian pulpit1 morning and night4 ,the exercises of the ,conference were of a high order and well sustained throughout4 ,it was much like one of the ,western ,general ,associations40 ,,the ,,indians4 ,the experiment of educating ,indian youth at ,hampton and ,carlisle is a confirmed success4 ,we have in the office two pictures--one representing a company of these young ,indians as they came to ,hampton1 in their blankets and with their stolid countenances1 and the other taken after they had spent a year in the school4 ,the change in dress is less significant than the bright and intelligent look of the faces in the last picture4 ,a visit among them1 as they are engaged in the school-room and at various mechanical employments1 accounts for the change4 ,the joint education of the two races1 the black and the red1 seems helpful to both4 ,four agencies1 the same number as last year1 are under our nomination1 and we have favorable reports from each4 ,at the ,lake ,superior ,agency some years ago1 the ,indians wanted blankets1 beads and trinkets2 now they want a boarding school4 ,at ,fort ,berthold1 #dj new houses were built this season2 at the ,sisseton ,agency1 the ,indians dress entirely in citizen's clothing1 live in log houses and cultivate #d1jbe acres of land1 and the scholars in the boarding and day schools show marked improvement2 at the ,s',kokomish ,agency1 the morals1 manners1 health and homes of the ,indians are improving--most of the houses have been ceiled and furnished with good1 tight floors4 ,more land has been cleared1 and #a1jjj fruit trees have been set out4 ,,chinese ,,in ,,america4 ,of our mission on the ,pacific coast1 the efficient ,superintendent1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,pond1 says that not only more1 but better work has been done this year than ever before4 ,the total enrolment of pupils is #fg greater than last year1 but the most marked gains are in those reported as having ceased from idol-worship1 and as giving evidence of conversion2 in the former1 #ahj against #acg last year1 and in the latter1 #abg against #hd4 ,,africa4 ,the aspect of our ,mendi ,mission1 in a surface survey1 seems discouraging4 ,a deeper view discloses one great element of success1 and moreover reveals lessons of wisdom that will be of much more value than any transient success4 ,after maintaining this mission for #cj years with white missionaries1 with a rapid death-rate and meagre results1 ,providence seemed to open to us a plan for using the ,freedmen of ,america1 trained in our schools1 as missionaries to ,africa4 ,three years since a company was sent out1 with ,rev4 ,floyd ,snelson as a leader4 ,his age and experience guided the mission well1 and the next year new recruits were added4 ,but the failure of ,mrs4 ,snelson's health compelled him to return with her to this country4 ,the management fell into younger and less experienced hands1 and dissensions and complaints ensued4 ,prof4 ,t4 ,n4 ,chase1 of ,atlanta ,university1 accepted our invitation to visit and inspect the mission4 ,accompanied by ,rev4 ,jos4 ,e4 ,smith1 the pastor of our church in ,chattanooga1 he spent two months at the mission1 making most careful examinations1 the result of which he embodies in an extended report4 ,it may suffice here to say that ,mr4 ,chase found many things in an unsatisfactory condition1 chargeable in some degree to moral delinquency1 but more largely to immaturity of experience and of judgment4 ,from ,mr4 ,chase's report and our own knowledge of the affairs of the mission1 we reach these results3 #a4 ,the colored man of ,america can endure the climate of western tropical ,africa4 ,we have sent to the ,mendi ,mission #ag persons of that race--seven men1 five women and five children4 ,of this number not one man has died1 and but one has been compelled to leave on account of ill-health2 nor have any of these1 with this one exception1 suffered from the ,african fever so as to hinder their work1 except temporarily4 ,the children were not sick2 of the women1 one died1 the wife of ,dr4 ,james4 ,mrs4 ,miller has been compelled to return as far as ,england for the recovery of health4 ,in the single case of death and in the three of failure in health1 the cause can be traced to the germs of disease in the constitution1 existing there prior to leaving ,america2 but in every case of a sound constitution1 good health has been maintained4 ,in this we see hopeful evidence that1 with careful previous medical examination1 the colored people of ,america can furnish missionaries for tropical ,africa capable of enduring the climate and of rendering active service as missionaries--a result full of encouragement4 #b4 ,due allowance must be made for the inadequate training of the young colored missionary4 ,the ,anglo-,saxon race has behind it #ag centuries of culture2 the negro race in ,america1 #ag years4 ,this should make a difference as to the races4 ,the white candidate for the post of missionary was born in a ,christian home1 reared in a ,christian community1 educated in early days with the best culture of school and church1 enjoyed afterwards the training of the best college and seminary1 with their full corps of highly educated professors1 with all the advantages of large libraries1 apparatus and lectures2 and above all1 that unconscious education that comes from constant contact with practical men and cultured society4 ,the colored candidate was born a slave1 lived in the slave quarters with no refinements of home or surroundings2 his education was in our young and imperfectly equipped schools and colleges1 and his knowledge of the world is bounded by this limited horizon4 ,this should make much difference with the individual4 ,perhaps these facts on both sides have not been duly considered4 ,they will hereafter be fully recognized by us1 and will lead us to place the management of our ,african mission for a time in charge of a white superintendent4 ,they will also dictate a great deal of caution in selecting candidates for that field4 ,we may send fewer at first2 we will try to send those that are best prepared4 #c4 ,our experiment with colored missionaries in ,west ,africa has not been discouraging when compared with our former efforts there with white missionaries1 or with those of other societies in other parts of ,africa4 ,a new impulse has been given to ,african ,missions by the startling discoveries of ,stanley and others1 and if the ,christian world expects these new missions to be crowned with immediate success1 it will soon be undeceived4 ,there1 as elsewhere1 missions must furnish heroes and martyrs1 must fight battles1 suffer defeats1 win victories and endure hardness4 ,leviathan in the ,african jungle is not easily tamed1 and the efforts which would overcome the barbarism which has for ages defied civilization1 and even discovery1 will test the 8perseverance of the saints40 ,in the missions growing out of the new impulse for ,tropical ,africa discouragement and trial have been nearly everywhere encountered4 ,of the sixteen missionaries sent so promptly by the ,church ,missionary ,society to establish the mission in ,mtesa's kingdom1 some have died1 some have returned on account of sickness1 and the whole work is now in abeyance4 ,the mission of the ,london ,missionary ,society at ,ujiji is still pushed forward1 yet with much sickness and several deaths1 among which is numbered that of the lamented ,secretary ,mullens4 ,the ,livingstonia ,mission on ,lake ,nyassa is compelled to abandon its first station on account of the tsetse fly4 ,the ,scotch ,blantyre ,mission has had the sad experience of wrongs practiced by the missionaries upon the natives1 attracting the attention and stirring the sorrow of ,great ,britain4 ,we are not alone1 then1 in the trials of our ,african ,mission1 nor must we1 more than others1 be discouraged4 ,africa was not forgotten in the ,redeemer's plan4 ,his people must meet and overcome difficulties4 ,the assurance that the colored ,american can endure the ,african climate is worth all the effort we have made4 ,,the ,,demands ,,of ,,the ,,future4 #a4 ,enlargement in the work already in hand among the ,freedmen4 ,the noble gift of ,mrs4 ,stone1 while supplying some of the great and most pressing wants in certain directions1 creates new ones in others4 ,it gives additional buildings1 but these mean more students1 more teachers1 more student aid1 more libraries1 and more apparatus4 ,buildings are needed where the gift of ,mrs4 ,stone1 great as it is1 does not reach--needed as imperiously as where it does4 ,at ,talladega1 the original building erected before the war at a cost of #cj1jjj1 bought by us after the war1 used and oft repaired1 is thus described by ,president ,de,forest3 8,the walls are staunch1 but the roof leaks1 and within and without1 from foundation to bell-tower1 it needs repair4 ,it is estimated that #c1jjj are required for this purpose40 ,a house is also needed as a home for the ,president1 to save room for teachers and pupils in the main buildings4 ,in addition to the #ae1jjj from the ,stone donation1 ,talladega needs for these buildings and repairs1 #aj1jjj4 ,the wants of ,tougaloo are even more pressing4 ,the crowd of students defies all means of accommodation4 ,temporary barracks have been erected1 out-buildings and garrets have been used as lodging places1 and yet students have been turned away for want of room4 ,the buildings now on the ground need extensive repairs to save them from decay1 and additions should be made to the farm buildings to give adequate shelter to the stock and products of the #ejj acres of land connected with the school4 ,but what shall we more say8 for the time would fail us to tell of the needs of ,wilmington1 ,n4 ,c41 of ,greenwood and ,orangeburg1 ,s4 ,c41 ,mobile1 ,montgomery and ,athens1 ,ala4 ,besides all this we ought to establish1 at some eligible point in ,north ,carolina1 a chartered institution of higher grade1 with a boarding department4 ,we have for a long while felt the need of this1 and have only been deterred by the lack of means4 ,we ought also to found an institution in ,arkansas1 similar to that in ,austin1 ,texas4 ,we are just beginning efforts among the ,refugees in ,kansas1 and these should be greatly increased1 and include churches1 schools and lady missionaries4 ,endowments are an absolute necessity for our institutions at the ,south4 ,here are eight institutions1 carefully managed1 efficient in work1 and furnished with buildings equal in number and size with some at the ,west of much greater age4 ,these ,western schools have in most instances the nucleus of an endowment1 if not a complete one4 ,those in the ,south need endowments much more1 and have almost nothing of the sort4 #b4 ,but enlargement should far transcend the limits of the work already in hand among the ,freedmen4 ,we take it for granted that every portion of the population of this country must have equal facilities open to it for education and advancement4 ,no part of that population is so inadequately supplied as the four and a half millions of colored people in the ,south4 ,there were in #ahge1 in this country1 #a1icb schools of grades above the primary4 ,of this whole number1 the four and a half millions of colored people have access to but #ia6 ,it must be borne in mind that in this number of schools 7#a1icb7 ,harvard1 ,yale and ,oberlin are but units1 with their ample endowments1 teachers of finest culture1 libraries and apparatus of the best and largest2 and to balance them the colored people can only point to a few new and inadequately furnished schools1 of which those of this ,association are among the best4 ,there were in #ahge in this country1 #c1fdg libraries1 numbering #cjj volumes and upwards in each4 ,of that number1 the colored people of the ,south have access to #be6 ,the same disparity is found here in regard to the size and quality of the libraries open to them as in regard to the schools and colleges4 ,it will not do to say that these people need only primary schools4 ,no race can rise unless it has leaders who can teach and encourage the masses2 nor will it suffice to say that the few seeking special advantages can go to colleges at the ,north4 ,the people of the ,west cannot send their sons to ,eastern colleges in adequate numbers4 ,the ,west has1 and must have1 its own colleges4 ,how can the poor ex-slaves of the ,south send their children to the ,north for education1 when most of them have a life struggle with the wolf at the door8 ,here1 then1 are glimpses at the great duty that this nation owes to the ,freedmen for its own sake as well as theirs4 ,but that duty involves enlargement1 fifty-fold1 of what is now done for them4 #c4 ,the work of the ,a4,m4,a4 beyond the ,south needs enlarging4 ,the ,chinese schools in ,california need the permanency of having buildings under their own control1 and ,bro4 ,pond earnestly desires the means to reach the 8,chinese in the mines40 ,the work of educating ,indians at the ,east should be extended4 ,it is not a substitute for schooling among the tribes2 it helps it4 ,capt4 ,pratt1 who inaugurated this movement in ,hampton1 and who now conducts the large ,government school for ,indian youth at ,carlisle1 is very earnest that more--much more--should be done in this direction4 ,the power of the movement1 in his opinion1 will be measured by its extent4 ,he is anxious that every school of the ,american ,missionary ,association in the ,south should be prepared to receive ,indians4 ,this broad plan deserves the careful thought of the ,association1 but if adopted1 it will necessitate not a little enlargement of accommodations and of the teaching force4 ,but ,africa6 what does the future ask at our hands in her behalf8 ,when we recall the struggles of the past for her enslaved children in this country1 when we think of the graves of our missionaries in the ,mendi country1 and when we hear her children in our schools asking to be sent thither1 we feel called to a new and strong effort to equip completely the mission on the ,west coast4 ,the ,east coast calls to us also4 ,the ,arthington ,mission1 though we have moved cautiously1 is neither forgotten nor abandoned4 ,the generous offer of ,mr4 ,arthington still remains2 considerable sums have been collected in this country and in ,great ,britain1 and as soon as the adequate amount 7#ej1jjj7 can be secured1 we shall feel called to go forward4 ,from all these considerations1 we ask for a new and wide enlargement of our work4 ,the duty to ,america and to ,africa demands it4 ,especially do we urge that ,america owes it to its own safety and honor that it shall adequately care for the ,freedmen4 ,but who will take the lead in the movement to enlarge8 ,the ,pilgrims and ,puritans of ,new ,england were the first to plant liberty1 education and religion on these shores2 they were on the crest of the wave that carried these blessings across the continent to the ,pacific slope2 they were foremost in the great anti-slavery struggle2 they were in the van of the armies that fought for the unity of the nation and the freedom of the slave2 they were the first1 through this ,association1 to take the school and the ,gospel to the ,freedmen at ,fortress ,monroe2 and who but they should see the great need of the hour1 and step forth to meet it8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,summary ,,of ,,the ,,treasurer',s ,,report ,,for ,,the ,,year ,,ending ,,sept4 #cj,,th1 #ahhj4 ,,receipts4 ,from ,churches1 ,sabbath ,schools and ,individuals for ,general ,fund #ii1hfj4bf ,churches1 ,s4 ,schs4 and ,ind'v'ls1 for ,institutions and ,missions #bg1gij4cj ,estates for ,general ,fund #bd1eii4dd ,estates for ,institutions #hfb4ej----be1dfa4id ,income of ,sundry ,funds #i1jgj4bf ,tuition and ,public ,school ,fund #ae1aai4ei ,rent #ffd4jh ,sales #cgh4ah --------------------#agh1cdd4fa ,donations for ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,institute ,building #g1eid4fe ,donations for ,athens ,school ,building1 ,ala4 #a1jif4ja ,donations for ,colored ,refugees1 ,kansas #ddd4ge -------------------- #ahg1dhj4jb ,balance on hand4 ,sept4 #cjth1 #ahgi #a1dge4ij --------------------#ahh1iee4ib ---------------------- ,,expenses4 ,,the ,,freedmen4--,for ,church and ,educational ,work #acj1ibi4hb ,,the ,,chinese4--,supt41 ,teachers and ,school ,expenses #h1jbj4ce ,,the ,,indians4--,missionaries and ,teachers and ,student ,aid #a1iec4cb ,,foreign ,,missions4--,mendi ,mission #aa1hjb4gh ,jamaica ,mission #dej4jj ------------------ #ab1beb4gh ,,publications4--,american ,missionary1 ,annual ,report1 c4 #i1jfc4cj ,,cost ,,of ,,collecting ,,funds4--,boston ,office #e1ehf4ff ,chicago ,office #c1fab4dg ,other ,agencies #d1aic4ef -------------------- #ac1cib4fi ,,cost ,,of ,,administration4-- ,department of ,correspondence #f1dja4ed ,department of ,treasury #d1abg4gc -------------------- #aj1ebi4bg ,,miscellaneous4--,estates and ,legacies #ii4aa ,annual ,meeting #a1jbc4if ,amounts paid ,annuitants--balance #heb4fg ,donations returned #ed4ib -------------------- #b1jcj4ff -------------------- #ahh1agb4ai ,balance on hand1 ,sept4 #cj1 #ahhj #ghc4gc -------------------- #ahh1iee4ib ,,stone ,,fund4--,amount received from ,mrs4 ,valeria ,g4 ,stone at the hands of ,trustees #aej1jjj4jj ,,arthington ,,mission4--,donations received from ,oct4 #ast to ,sept4 #cjth1 #f1egf4dh ,,avery ,,fund4--,amount received from ,executor #djh4ib 99 99 99 99 99 ,the receipts of ,berea ,college1 ,hampton ,n4 and ,a4 ,institute1 and ,atlanta ,university1 are added below1 as presenting at one view the contributions of the same constituency for the general work in which the ,association is engaged4 ,receipts of the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 #ahg1dhj4jb ,hampton ,n4 ,a4 ,inst4 #eg1jad4gc ,atlanta ,university1 ,state ,appropriation #h1jjj4jj ,berea ,college #cg1fjg4jf --------------------------#bij1aja4ha 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee ,,on ,,finance ,,and ,,enlargement4 ,your ,committee on ,finance and ,enlargement1 to whom was referred the financial exhibit of the ,association for the fiscal year ending ,sept4 #cj1 #ahhj1 as presented by the ,treasurer1 beg leave to report that they have examined the accounts and found them duly audited4 ,these accounts include a minute and detailed statement of receipts and expenditures1 a list of the endowments1 and also a full account of the property owned by the ,association1 and were accompanied by the account books of the ,treasurer4 ,we are unanimous in vouching for the faithfulness and economy which characterize all branches of the financial administration4 ,nor can we refrain from a word of most emphatic commendation of the thorough explicitness of the ,association's financial statement4 ,but passing from this to the substance of the ,report1 we notice three points suggested by it which seem to call for special mention4 ,in the first place1 it is ground for gratitude and thanksgiving that the year closes without leaving us burdened with a debt4 ,on the contrary1 there is a balance in the treasury of nearly eight hundred dollars4 ,not a very large surplus1 surely1 but the fact that the year's work has been done and left us anything besides a disheartening deficiency1 is itself occasion for thankfulness and cheer4 ,in the second place1 there is ground for anxiety1 lest the financial condition of the ,association should be misunderstood4 ,it is well known that a gift of #aej1jjj has recently come into its treasury4 ,this fact1 it is to be feared1 has given1 or may give1 the impression that the ,association is1 for the present at least1 in no further need of funds4 ,we have already heard of one generous friend who has withheld an intended gift through such an entire misapprehension4 ,and lest others should be similarly misled1 it seems to us important not only to state1 but to emphasize the fact1 that this large gift brings no relief whatever to the usual wants of the ,association4 ,it is not designed to do the work which the ,association is doing4 ,this money is wholly appropriated to the erection of new buildings for the increasing numbers of colored students4 ,it is to do nothing whatever towards meeting the ordinary expenses of the ,association's work2 nothing whatever towards diminishing the necessity of aid which the ,association is compelled to seek from the ,christian and the philanthropist4 ,it cannot be too clearly seen or too widely known1 that so far as any augmented power for doing its proper work is concerned1 the ,association is not one whit better off for this gift of #aej1jjj than it would be if not a dollar of it had been given4 ,but1 ,in the third place1 this gift is itself a trumpet call for the enlargement of the ,association's resources and work4 ,it is simply to erect new buildings for ,fisk and ,atlanta1 at ,talladega1 ,new ,orleans and ,tougaloo4 ,these buildings will soon be filled with students4 ,that means the necessity for more teachers and more pecuniary aid to those who need it4 ,it means increased work for the ,association1 and the necessity of increased funds with which to do the work4 ,in one word1 it means expansion1 enlargement4 ,god1 ,himself1 is opening before us new furrows in hitherto untilled fields4 ,that is ,his own call upon us for more seed-corn1 and more labor for the enlarging harvest4 ,he is building for us new homes for the development of mental culture and ,christian character among the colored people of the ,south4 ,each one of these is a ,divine summons for such co-operation on our part as is necessary for the best accomplishment of ,his designs4 ,in conclusion1 therefore1 your ,committee respectfully suggest the adoption of the following resolution3 8,resolved1 ,while most gratefully acknowledging the prosperity that has crowned our work through another year1 we recognize and accept that prosperity as itself a call from ,god for still larger and more earnest work40 ,w4 ,h4 ,,willcox1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,why ,,we ,,should ,,enlarge4 ,,rev4 ,l4 ,t4 ,,chamberlain1 ,d4,d41 ,,norwich1 ,,conn4 ,i have been invited to the privilege of additionally sustaining the report of your ,committee in their recommendation of an enlargement of the work of this ,association2 and1 as a member of that ,committee1 ,i may say that we could not possibly have reported otherwise than we did4 ,i could not have read the record of this last year1 and have seen its events as our honored ,secretary has presented them1 without feeling that the movement must be toward an increase in every department4 ,sir1 you were entirely right in drawing your inspiration in part from the wonderful past4 ,i1 too1 have recalled the years gone by1 and they seem to say1 as with one voice1 that the time has come for the yet greater effort4 ,my brethren1 what a history sweeps back from this thirty-fourth anniversary1 to the day when1 in this same ,commonwealth1 the ,amistad captives were bravely released1 and an additional impulse was given to the anti-slavery sentiment of the participants6 ,at that hour1 the men who afterwards founded this ,association1 looked out on a tumultuous sea of discouragements4 ,themselves only a handful2 the press absolutely unfriendly2 the market-place contemptuous2 the ,state frowning2 the ,church in general incredulous and silent2 scarcely anything anywhere that did not wear a hostile front4 ,and then1 at last1 one missionary commissioned and one teacher sent out2 one paper persuaded into partial support2 a few dollars given into the treasury2 and a few steadfast souls pledging themselves to maintain the cause4 ,but1 to-day1 what a different record6 ,a great1 honored organization1 with an annual income approaching the fifth of a million2 three hundred and thirty ministers1 missionaries and teachers2 seventy-six mission1 and yet1 for the most part1 self-sustaining churches2 more than five thousand intelligent church members1 and nearly ten thousand pupils in the ,sunday-schools2 seventy-one common schools1 normal schools1 colleges and theological seminaries1 with more than ten thousand eager and advancing students4 ,an organization that takes effective hold on four millions of ,freedmen1 and then enlarges its bounds to take in the resident and emigrant ,chinese1 and the tribes of original ,indians4 ,an organization able to inspire the churches with missionary zeal1 and making even our national ,government respect its requests and its advice4 ,what a review is that1 and almost within the space of a single generation4 ,the success that has already been accomplished is reason why1 at the very outset1 we may call you to a hopeful and an enlarged interest in this work2 for history is telling us to-day1 if she tells us anything1 that it is not a hopeless thing to attempt to provide efficiently for all the despised of our land4 ,and1 let me say1 ,i should not hesitate to make that hopeful appeal1 if there were no such glowing record to present4 ,i would not change the tone of it1 though the years rolled back1 and you and ,i stood to-day where those men stood thirty and four years ago2 for ,christ has said1 8,thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself10 and has said distinctly that our neighbors are pre-eminently those who have fallen among thieves and are lying wounded by the way4 ,that simple command is enough to assure us that our labor shall not be in vain4 ,you and ,i know whom we have believed1 and we know that whatever ,he commands is commanded in infinite wisdom and infinite love4 ,we know that what ,he says we are to do1 it is possible to do1 and that in some way it shall be done4 ,the stars in their courses1 and earth1 and hell1 may fight against ,christ1 but sooner or later ,he is to reign4 ,therefore1 when the ,master calls us1 his requirement is enough to warrant us in our advance4 ,on that simple requirement1 backed by1 and reflected in1 the impulse of every regenerate soul1 you may ground your missionary motive4 ,that is the corner-stone on which1 with abiding cheer and infinite courage1 the missionary1 and every friend of missions1 may build forever4 ,therefore1 while we have this firm foundation1 and all the more that we have it1 it is for us to note the actual progress that has been made4 ,while we recur to these absolute considerations1 let us not1 through any attempt at unnecessary heroism1 forget the fulfillment that has already been vouchsafed to the promise and to the command of ,christ4 ,and now that ,i am speaking of motives1 let me say that ,i cannot conceal my feeling that1 with special and peculiarly appealing considerations1 ,god is binding upon us the work for the so-called alien races of this country4 ,let me illustrate4 ,here1 for example1 are four millions of ,freedmen--strange designation for the inhabitants of a ,republic that has already celebrated its centennial6 ,suppose that a stranger to our history should ask us the meaning of it1 what must be our confession8 ,why this1 and nothing else3 that the ancestors of those ,freedmen1 by fraud1 and violence were wrested from their distant and native land2 that for two centuries they were held in sheer and open bondage2 that they were denied the commonest rights of humanity2 bought and sold like beasts of the field2 debarred from the privileges of education and true ,christian instruction2 that1 while their toil went to build the colleges and schools and churches of the dominant race1 they were left without any reward but the desolation of their bondage2 that1 when they piteously plead1 their appeal was met with derision2 that1 when they respectfully protested1 the protest was crushed back with blows and curses2 that when they ventured to resist1 the resistance was answered unto death1 with lashes and bullets and the fangs of pursuing hounds2 that manhood was deliberately degraded among them2 womanhood was well-nigh obliterated2 truthfulness was made dangerous for them1 and chastity absolutely impossible2 and then at last1 that to keep them in such a bondage1 the whole power of the ,national ,government was pledged and put forth2 that1 by ,constitution interpreted and special laws enacted1 by military might and civic decree1 by private volition and public compulsion1 it came to pass that there was not one spot of safety for them in all the land over which floated the flag of their country2 that1 in their effort to escape from their bondage1 not a single door might lawfully be opened to them1 nor any hearth-stone give them shelter2 but1 taking the pole-star for their guide1 they must flee from the ,republic to the land of a king or queen4 ,pardon me that ,i have opened the record4 ,i confess it makes me sick at heart4 ,with you ,i wish it had never been enacted2 with you ,i wish it might be buried to-day in the deepest depths of oblivion4 ,but ,i tell you1 when we stand1 as we do practically to-day1 in the face of those men1 and in the face of ,god who made us and them of one image and of one blood1 we have no right to forget that guilty past4 ,it is one of the mighty motives that are still to be invoked in their behalf4 ,like the blood of ,abel1 it cries to us for atonement4 ,it says to us to-day1 8,in your nation1 aided and abetted by you or your fathers1 under your flag1 that wrong was inflicted2 and until that wrong is thoroughly righted1 neither the remembrance nor the cry can be allowed to pass40 ,it says that you owe them every reparation in your power2 that they have a valid lien on every dollar of your property1 and on every possible degree of your culture4 ,it is not enough that you have made them free--to have denied that would have been to perpetuate the wrong itself4 ,it is not enough that you have given them the franchise--that in itself were a barren gift4 ,give them the rather that manhood that was their birth-right withheld4 ,lift them up1 if you can1 into truthfulness and purity1 intelligence and industry2 make them free with the freedom of the ,gospel of ,christ1 and then that past may be forgotten4 ,and brethren1 ,i make an appeal of that same sort to-day for the ,indian and the ,chinese2--the ,indian1 abused1 deceived1 made a fool of2 a nominally ,christian civilization degrading him beyond even his original degradation4 ,and the ,chinese1 in that part of the land where they have chosen to dwell1 despised1 defrauded1 spit upon4 ,my claim is that whatever appeal you propose to disregard1 it is not becoming for you to turn a deaf ear to those whom you have so foully wronged4 ,moreover1--and ,i beg you to ponder this also1--you owe a debt of gratitude1 in the case of the ,freedmen at least1--with whom this ,association is chiefly concerned1--that has not yet been discharged4 ,and now1 is it imagined that ,i am speaking of something far-fetched and fanciful8 ,does any body suppose that ,i am about to summon you by a visionary and distant appeal8 ,or1 if anyone guess wherein it is claimed that that debt consists1 is it supposed that time has made that claim no longer valid8 ,some may so reflect2 ,i cannot share the feeling1 for ,i cannot so easily forget the days and the months when the scales of our national destiny hung in equipoise1 or seemed to vibrate towards the nation's overthrow4 ,it seems incredible1 ,i know1 but such was the fact4 ,we had put forth what appeared to us well-nigh the last resource for the national defense2 on every side the prospect was dark2 it seemed sometimes as if we should be driven to question whether we were not doomed to overthrow--the heavens black above us1 the billows rolling1 and the very earth beneath our feet trembling and being moved4 ,for the enemy smote us in the field and the traitor betrayed us at home4 ,and you remember with what unspeakable thankfulness we then saw those who had suffered so much at the nation's hands coming to our rescue1 forgetting their personal wrongs1 and fighting for the flag that had hitherto been to them an object of dread4 ,you remember with what eagerness we offered them at last their freedom1 lest the enemy should offer it to them before us4 ,why1 what were we not willing to pledge1 and to do1 for the ,freedmen in those days8 ,we felt that they were helping us to save this ,republic1 and that the balance of power was in their hands2 and did we mistake8 ,does history say that in the excitement we misread the facts8 ,no1 the after events proved the correctness of our thought2 and it stands written in simple1 imperishable lines to-day1 that among the saviors of the country1 there were none more deserving than those of darker skin1 who forgot their wrongs and stood in the breach for you and me4 99 99 99 99 99 ,and so it comes to pass that1 not only in obedience to the command of ,christ but by the threefold consideration of repairing a wrong1 and paying a debt1 and averting a danger1 we are called to the continuance and the enlargement of the work of this ,association4 ,i have suggested two lines of action1 parallel and coincident2 the one educational1 and the other strictly religious4 ,i want to say to you now1 that the inspiration for those movements must come in large measure from the ,christian ,north2 for1 if you ask the ,south to be wholly responsible for her own improvement1 then you ask reformation to precede itself1 and a disordered and perverse sentiment to be its own awakener and its own corrective4 ,should you suppose that a nation of ,freedmen1 after two centuries of bondage1 would have the sufficient desire for improvement1 not to say the means adequate for its accomplishment8 ,i deem it to be perfectly clear that this ,association is right in thinking that one great part of its work is in laying the foundations1 and affording the facilities1 for increased instruction among the ,freedmen4 ,it is undoubted good sense1 ,i take it1 to establish here and there a common school1 and here and there a normal school1 and a moderate number of colleges1 to the end that in them1 during this formative period of the ,freedman's life1 you may train his future teachers1--not attempting to make the way of mental improvement over-easy2 not attempting any pampering plan of encouragement2 but simply affording opportunity to those who will struggle and practice self-denial4 ,god bless the institutions at ,hampton1 and ,carlisle1 and ,berea1 and ,nashville1 and ,atlanta1 and ,talladega1 and ,new ,orleans1 and ,tougaloo1 and that institution that has the good fortune1 sir1 to have you for its presiding officer 7,howard ,university74 ,for1 do you know it8 the former students of those very institutions are to-day teaching one hundred thousand of their own countrymen4 ,and then the religious work1 the saving of souls--what a call for enlargement in that work6 for that underlies even the educational work4 ,every teacher ,i know is an ardent and an earnest worker for ,christ1 and all your attempt is to make the way to education1 the way to the cross of ,christ2 but1 besides that1 there is the preaching of the ,gospel1 and the gathering of churches1 and the opening of ,sunday-schools4 ,i used to wonder why you asked us to preach to the ,freedmen4 ,were they not already religious8 ,were they not gathered in churches8 ,but ,i came to know the terrible fact that religion among the ,freedmen1 was not the religion of the understanding mind and the consecrated heart1 but1 rather1 in the olden time1 of uninstructed impulse and uncontrollable passion2 and to-day the prevailing testimony concerning those old-time churches is1 that in them religion is not founded on a regenerate1 or even a moral1 life4 ,what a task then1 to lift up those millions--more difficult1 ,i sometimes think1 than the conversion of the original heathen6 ,and yet it must be done--done for the sake of the souls who else will perish in their sins2 done for the sake of this country that we love2 done1 first and last and always1 by thoroughly ,christian instrumentalities2 and yet done under motives that take hold on the concerns of our national welfare4 ,therefore1 my friends1 count all the past progress in this direction only the signal and the token of your future success and triumph4 ,if to-day the doors are opened wide1 let us1 in the ,master's name1 go up and possess this land for ,him1 and for the future of our united and ,christian ,republic4 ,so much for this land4 ,and what shall ,i say of ,africa1 that dark continent beyond the seas8 ,i think of ,africa1 and the longing burns in my soul1 that out of the uplifted negroes there may speedily be trained those who shall carry ,divine light into the very depths of her darkness4 ,is not ,africa actually reaching out her hands to this ,association1 and to us who have in our care so many of her children8 ,you say1 #8the last to be enlightened4' ,i grant it2 but1 ,i assure you1 ,god has a great future for that continent4 ,who shall say that there1 there will not yet be developed a civilization and a manifestation of ,christianity1 the most bountiful1 the most beautiful1 of them all8 ,ah1 my friends1 the cry comes to us not merely from ,africa6 ,this call for enlargement is wider still2 it is from the four quarters of the globe4 ,for the work is all one2 and you will find1 if you think of it1 that the solidarity of the race1 the oneness of the kingdom of ,christ1 is in the appeal that is made through this ,association4 ,the considerations of an illimitable future join with those of the present4 ,the new heavens and the new earth await our preparation for their advent4 ,christ1 in ,his kingly glory1 is summoning us to the conflict and the conquest4 ,let us advance in ,his name4 ,with unlimited devotion let us give1 let us pray1 let us work4 ,for once hath ,god spoken1 yea1 twice have ,i heard it1 to ,god belongs the power1 even as to ,him shall be the glory forever4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sacrificial ,,living ,,and ,,giving4 ,,rev4 ,,augustus ,f4 ,,beard1 ,d4,d41 ,,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,the kingdom of ,heaven1 in its ways1 has many similitudes in the kingdom of nature4 ,the law of the universe is1 the giving of the lower for the sake of the higher4 ,the worlds are built on the principle of sacrifice4 ,at the bottom of the scale1 we have1 for example1 lifeless matter4 ,but this is put under contribution to force1 and simple matter is organized into systems4 ,and this giving comes under a law2 we call it gravitation4 ,then this in turn comes under contribution to what is called a law of chemical affinity1 and matter is diversified1 and enters into many combinations in advance of what was4 ,the forces1 of which light and heat1 electricity and magnetism1 are different forms1 also expend themselves4 ,then there is a step up by the contribution of what was1 to this end1 and we have the first organic process1 vegetable life and its forces4 ,the soil under these influences gives vegetable life1 giving up a part of itself for a higher end4 ,the vegetable1 in turn1 gives itself for the animal1 and the human soul finds these all in sacrificial contribution to itself1 every one giving for that which is higher1 to lead up to the highest4 ,nature is packed through and through with illustrations of this4 ,thus the worlds are built upon this law4 ,by the law of sacrifice1 the lower rises into that which is higher4 ,so ,christ taught us it is1 and is to be1 in the realm of the soul4 ,he taught us by word1 by deed1 by example1 that sacrifice is not only the highest1 the most satisfying1 the most exhaustive expression of love1 but is ,god's way for man to reach up to ,god4 ,it was the climax of this law that found expression in the gift of ,christ1 and we but follow ,god's law in ,christ's way1 when we are ready to sacrifice lower good for higher good1 to bring into contribution lesser things for greater things4 ,and life rises to its highest when it is sacrificial in its self-abnegations2 in its renunciations1 when souls are uplifted into heroic sufferings and self denials4 ,in wives for husbands1 in husbands for wives1 in parents for children1 in patriotic soldiers1 in ,christian philanthropists4 ,men who incarnate their love in sacrifice rise by their giving4 ,they reach to nobleness upon the 8stepping-stone of their dead selves40 ,they put off earthiness and put on heavenliness4 ,it is ,god's law from lowest to highest4 ,that which thou sowest is not quickened except it die4 ,to give is to live4 ,so we come to the ,christian's highest doctrine4 ,it is that of the cross4 ,we sing 8,in the cross of ,christ we glory40 ,we accept it as the chief doctrine of our religion4 ,we see the grandest exhibition of it when ,christ gave himself for the sake of a greater good than could be if he did not give himself2 and we teach that it is the personal reception of this which is the mark of one who has a right to wear the name of ,christ4 ,to this doctrine the churches hold4 ,christians subscribe to it4 ,we stoutly contend for it4 ,but now for our interpretations of this doctrine4 ,when the exigencies of the world and the demands of a spreading ,gospel call for willing hearts1 to what degree do we find the principle in cordial and worthy practice8 ,how many are the reasons for self indulgence6 ,how ready to hide out of sight the great central doctrine when appeals come for its practical application6 ,how arrangements are made in churches to cajole out of ,christians what they will not give on principle6 ,who does not know many a church that squeezes out its charities1--if not a good part of its miserable support1--by fairs and festivals1 by some wretched subterfuge in which one shall seem to get value received and make no sacrifice1 to replenish its exchequer by tricks which appeal to no ,christian principle4 ,and how often churches come before the world1 which they should be dying to save1 as objects themselves of the world's charities1 dying to be saved4 ,that which is ordained to be a dispenser of ,christ-like benevolence and to develop the spirit of sacrifice1 cannot rise into anything higher if it ignores the only law by which it can rise4 ,the call for enlargement is the call for sacrifice4 ,it is a call that religion shall not alone be a theory to be preached1 but a life to be manifested4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the call for enlargement of ,christian work from every portion of the world1 is a call to all4 ,there appears to be no great lack of ,christian men and women to go anywhere1 to do anything for ,christ4 ,but how shall they go except they be sent8 ,and here comes with emphatic intensiveness the appeal of ,providence 7and ,i hope with it may be heard the appeal of the ,holy ,spirit71 that those who are engaged in other departments of life shall not forget their service4 ,let me say it plainly1 what is needed now more than men1 is money1 the consecration of property1 the sacrificial life in men who accumulate property4 ,i do not think that there is a more universally unpopular theme to discourse about than money4 ,if we preach about the giving of men1 the church weeps and prays1 and says 8,amen40 ,but when we preach about the giving of money1 how many meet this at least with a mental shrug1 and do not love to have the ,lord's days made common and unclean with the money question8 ,that which they have been seeking for all the week should not be dragged in too often on the day set apart for rest4 ,but if we pause a moment1 we shall remember how full the ,bible is of directions about giving1 and how much of the ,lord's teaching had reference to a right use of money4 ,the unprofitable servant 8dug in the earth and hid his ,lord's money40 ,ruskin1 ,i think1 somewhere says that we1 in the spiritual application of this1 say that1 of course1 this doesn't mean money4 ,it means wit1 it means intellect1 it means influence in high quarters1 it means everything in the world except itself4 ,and a very pleasant come-off there is for the most of us in this spiritual application4 ,of course1 if we had wit1 we would use it for the benefit of our fellow creatures4 ,but we haven't wit4 ,if we had influence1 we would use that4 ,but we are without political power4 ,it is true we have a little money2 but the parable can't possibly mean anything so vulgar as money4 ,and yet it does mean what it says1 plain money1 good1 hard1 honest money4 ,we are not to 8hide the ,lord's money40 ,so also the parable of the talents means money1 and we are to accept the meaning on its own terms1 and not to dodge away under a metaphor4 ,if one man is richer than others1 he has more 8talents0 to account for2 and to use another's words1 8what he has acquired is the measure of what he owes40 ,why is one man richer than another2 that he may higher arch his own gates1 pave better his own threshold1 enrich more gorgeously his own chambers with all manner of costliness8 ,no doubt1 as a steward he may rejoice in his stewardship1 but do we remember in just what catalogue inspiration places covetousness8 ,has any ,christian a right to live for self1 to cling to riches for self-aggrandizement1 to consume riches upon his own lusts or set at naught the infinite urgency of the world's wants8 ,no1 friends4 ,there is a kind of justice in a certain thought of communism4 ,god's law of life is a law of service4 ,no man has a right under ,christ's law of life to heap up riches in order to lord it over men1 only to serve them4 ,ye have heard1 said ,christ1 how1 among the ,gentiles1 they that will be great exercise authority2 they use their strength to exact from others1 but it shall not be so among you4 ,he that will be great among you1 let him serve others1 and be ye ministers even as ,christ came not to be ministered unto1 but to minister4 ,and no one has a right to hoard for self-aggrandizement1 or to use wealth to exact from others1 and communism with all its wrongs has a truth here1 but when those who have1 use to bless those who have not1 then that is the way of ,christ4 ,when causes like this before us call for enlargement1 there is money enough which should be in the ,lord's treasury4 ,it is there4 ,it is the ,lord's4 ,he gave the quickness of apprehension1 the clearness of judgment1 the strength of will which secures it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,working ,,out ,,the ,,equation4 ,,district ,,secretary ,,powell4 ,it is the dictate of economy that we push the ,southern work of this ,association4 ,it is cheaper to fight ignorance and crime with ,christian education1 than to fight their certain outcome with military and police force4 ,it is vastly cheaper to settle the bills for the services of the ,christian teacher now1 than to meet the settlement of accumulated wrongs in the outbreak of a war or rebellion by and by4 ,and this is a kind of settlement that must be met4 ,there is in the universe a law of recompense2 ,god in the government of the world is always working out equations4 ,he may require centuries to bring about the result2 if so1 he takes them4 ,men are not far-sighted enough to see the outcome4 ,the wicked grow bold and defiant and boastful because of punishment delayed1 while the righteous for the same reason are led to cry out1 8,how long1 oh ,lord6 how long shall wickedness be allowed to go unrebuked80 but all the while the law of recompense is filling out the equation4 ,the eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth principle is rolling up the answer4 ,only give it time1 and right shall have triumphant1 though it may be terrible1 vindication4 ,in the case of individuals1 the working of this law is not so evident1 because retribution follows them beyond the grave1 but in the case of nations1 since they have no other life than in this world1 settlement must take place here2 and it never fails4 ,the sins of the fathers are visited upon the children even to the third and fourth generations1 and there is no escaping the visitations4 ,i might appeal to the history of nations1 the record of whose career has been completed1 in illustration of this1 but a pertinent illustration can be found nearer home1 even in our own country4 ,this nation cherished and protected by law the institution of slavery4 ,with an open ,bible in the land1 with ,protestant ,christianity in the ascendancy1 with the light of a free ,gospel shining upon all questions of morals1 with the sentiment of enlightened ,christendom smiting heavily the iniquity of the sin2 nay1 with a constitution for its government1 a preamble which declared that all men were created free and equal2 right in the face of all this1 and despite all this1 the giant iniquity and monstrous contradiction was fostered and protected by the law of the land4 ,but the equation was working out4 ,the day of reckoning at length came1 and1 in the settlement1 justice exacted full payment4 ,in his second inaugural address1 ,president ,lincoln expressed the sentiment1 that1 if it were ,god's will for the war to continue 8till the wealth piled up by two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil of the bondmen be sunk1 and every drop of blood drawn by the lash be repaid by another drawn by the sword1 as it was said three thousand years ago1 so must it still be said1 #8,the judgments of the ,lord are true and righteous altogether4'0 ,this sentiment was prophetic1 and ere the war ended the prophecy had been more than realized by literal fulfillment4 ,just see how it was fulfilled4 ,henry ,clay once said that taking the slaves as they were--old and young1 sick and disabled--the average value was about five hundred dollars per slave4 ,the money value1 at this estimate1 of the four and a half million emancipated1 would be two billion1 two hundred and fifty million dollars4 ,this amount1 at ten per cent4 interest for thirty years1 or one generation1 would yield1 as value created by slave labor1 six billion seven hundred and fifty million dollars1 which amount1 added to the market value of the slaves1 makes the enormous sum of nine billion dollars1 as representing the wealth 8piled up by the unrequited toil of the bondmen10 and held by the oppressors in utter defiance of justice and right4 ,nine billion dollars6 ,can it be that amount was sunk in the war8 ,the answer is yes1 and at least six hundred and fifty million dollars more6 ,i take the figures from a responsible source1 and they are these3 ,to put down the rebellion it cost the ,north four billion seven hundred million dollars4 ,to sustain the rebellion it cost the ,south two billion seven hundred million dollars2 add now to this the market value of the slaves emancipated1 two billion two hundred and fifty million dollars1 and we have1 as the total1 nine billion six hundred and fifty million dollars1 which this nation spent in order to rid itself of the curse of slavery4 ,that was the equation in dollars4 ,as to the equation in blood1 justice was even more severe in the exaction4 ,every drop of blood drawn by the lash1 it is no exaggeration to say1 exacted for its canceling1 not a drop merely1 but a stream4 ,a million graves moistened by the blood of those who fell on the field of battle1 to say nothing of the blood that ran from the bodies of the wounded millions who survived1 gave fearful emphasis to the divine equation4 ,the wealth piled up by the bondmen's unrequited toil was sunk1 and much more in addition2 the blood drawn by the lash was more than canceled by the blood drawn by the sword1 and still1 even in the presence of these awful facts1 we are compelled to say1 8,the judgments of the ,lord are true and righteous altogether40 ,it would have been vastly cheaper1 we can now see1 for this nation to have paid every dollar of the money valuation of the slaves1 and set them free before the war2 it would have been better still had the iniquity been stamped out at the very formation of the ,government1 and this because right demanded it4 ,but unfortunately1 the standard of our national legislation has been expediency1 not right1 and under this cover slavery unwisely admitted within the defenses of our constitution1 has proved to be the ,trojan horse whence has issued so large a part of our national woes4 ,and now1 shall we heed the lesson this dearly bought experience teaches8 ,the negro problem is by no means yet solved4 ,there are questions pertaining to his social and political rights not yet answered4 ,let this nation try to answer them on any other ground than a full recognition of the negro's rights as a man1 and it will again come into controversy with ,jehovah1 and again be called sooner or later to pay the penalty of disobedience1 dollar for dollar1 blood for blood1 over and over and over again4 ,it pays for the nation to do right every time1 and it does not pay for it to do anything else4 ,having made these people free1 justice and self-interest say 8educate them10 and it will prove as a matter of mere economy1 far cheaper to do this now than to meet the bills that by and by must be paid in blood and money when ,god shall take the matter in hand to fill out the equation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,freedmen4 ,,rev4 ,,jos4 ,e4 ,,roy1 ,d4,d41 ,,field ,,superintendent1 ,,atlanta1 ,,ga4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,educational ,,work4 99 99 99 99 ,we note with pleasure the growing interest in our schools1 and approval of them1 by the best people of the ,south and the public men of the ,north2 the recent erection of a fine building for ,tillotson ,institute1 at ,austin1 ,texas2 the munificent gift of #aej1jjj by ,mrs4 ,valeria ,g4 ,stone1 to be expended in putting up additional buildings1 greatly needed for institutions which have outgrown their present accommodations2 the recent acceptance by ,christian workers of high standing and rare fitness1 of positions in our ,southern field2 the successful development of industrial methods in many of our best schools1 notably at ,hampton1 ,tougaloo1 and ,memphis2 the influence of our institutions on the colored people1 as seen in their interest in education1 their willingness to endure self-denial as teachers1 their hopeful1 dispassionate and sensible utterances on their prospects and duties1 and their courageous self-support2 and once again1 and most of all1 do we note rejoicingly the prevailing religious sentiment that fills our schools and the colored communities which they reach1 with its deep1 quiet1 but melodious undertone4 ,surely there is reason1 in all these considerations1 for profound thankfulness to ,god4 ,we are impressed with the call in the ,secretary's ,annual ,report for enlargement4 ,with the added facilities now providentially given and soon to be enjoyed1 in the shape of new buildings at ,austin1 ,new ,orleans1 ,nashville1 ,tougaloo1 and ,atlanta1 there is a necessity for larger contributions for the education of the increased numbers to be accommodated4 ,similar facilities are loudly called for by the growth of schools at other points1 and the ,report suggests the need of new schools in ,kansas and ,arkansas4 ,we cannot forget that the second grade of education will not be complete till these institutions are properly endowed1 and the students1 coming out of poverty-stricken homes1 receive annually1 either from scholarships or personal gifts1 the small sums necessary to supplement their own earnings1 and so to make their education possible4 ,especially do we recognize the need at this juncture1 of more efficient theological training4 ,our church work cannot prosper unless educated colored men are raised up to act as missionaries and pastors4 ,the theological training now given1 is1 from the want of proper facilities1--with the exception1 perhaps1 of the work at ,howard ,university1 where the ,presbyterians share in the support of the department1--of the most meagre and unsatisfactory character4 ,we greatly wish that some large-hearted ,christian givers might find it their privilege suitably to endow the theological schools already existing1 that they might become1 in all respects1 for the colored students of the ,south1 what ,andover1 ,chicago and other similar schools are for the white students of the ,north4 ,respectfully submitted by your ,committee4 ,,addison ,p4 ,,foster1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,christian ,,education4 ,,rev4 ,,addison ,p4 ,,foster1 ,,jersey ,,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,we have all noticed that of late public attention has been much drawn to the need of universal education in this land as a means of national safety4 ,that book to which reference has been made several times in this meeting1 and which every thoughtful man must read if he would inform himself in regard to the trend of popular thought to-day1 8,a ,fool's ,errand10 by ,judge ,tourgee1 concludes with an argument for the need of national education in these words3 8,the remedy for darkness is light2 for ignorance1 knowledge2 for wrong1 righteousness4 99 99 99 ,make the spelling-book the sceptre of national power4 ,let the nation educate the colored man and the poor white man1 because the nation held them in bondage and is responsible for their education4 ,educate the voter because the nation cannot afford that he should be ignorant4 99 99 99 ,honest ignorance in the masses is more to be dreaded than malevolent intelligence in the few40 ,to the same effect are the words of our honored ,president ,hayes1 in his speech at ,canton1 ,ohio1 on the #ast of ,september last3 8,ignorant voters are powder and balls for the demagogues4 ,in the present condition of our country1 universal education requires the aid of the ,general ,government40 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,education1 then1 is called for4 ,but the danger that specially attacks us is in the ,south4 99 99 99 ,there is more than twenty per cent4 of illiteracy all through the ,southern portion of our land4 99 99 99 ,but this illiteracy is largest1 unquestionably1 among those who are black4 ,it has been stated that in one of our ,southern ,states ninety per cent4 of the colored people are illiterate2 in another1 ninety-one per cent42 in another1 ninety-three per cent42 in another1 ninety-five per cent42 and in ,mississippi and ,texas ninety-six per cent4 ,eighty-eight per cent4 of the entire colored people in the ,south are illiterate--or were in #ahgj2 undoubtedly it has changed somewhat since4 ,we are to labor1 then1 in our desire to secure popular education1 especially among the blacks1 and through the blacks we are to reach the whites4 99 99 99 ,but1 as we educate the blacks1 we ask ourselves1 ,what sort of education shall it be8 ,and ,i would say1 it must be a ,christian education4 ,it can be nothing else if it is to accomplish its work4 ,public men1 speaking on political subjects1 refer only to a secular education4 ,it is well that they should enforce that and insist upon it2 but were we to content ourselves with secular education alone1 we should make the most grievous mistake of the century4 ,it is impossible to rely upon secular education for the saving of the nation2 we must make it a ,christian education as well4 ,look at the influences of a merely secular education as seen in biography and history4 ,what has the highest secular education done for men8 ,it has made them simply one-sided1 imperfect specimens of manhood1 deformed and dwarfed in some of those most essential characteristics that give a man influence here1 and happiness hereafter4 ,a man like ,hume could defend suicide4 ,highly-trained intellects like those of ,voltaire and ,rousseau could advocate licentiousness1 both by word and by life4 ,men and women like ,j4 ,s4 ,mill1 ,george ,h4 ,lewes1 ,george ,eliot1 and that gifted but vile woman1 ,sara ,bernhardt1 have traduced the idea of marriage1 and put a stigma upon the purest relationship that ,god has given to earth4 ,education1 mere intellectual training1 has done nothing for the morals of these people4 ,there was a prisoner executed a few years since in the ,state of ,new ,york1 whose great grief before his execution for the terrible crime of murder1 was that he could not live long enough to complete a very learned work which he was preparing on some science4 ,and even the honored ,state of ,massachusetts has on its criminal record the name of a professor in one of its highest institutions of learning who committed murder in a moment of passion4 ,look at history1 if you will1 and is not the record the same8 ,take such nations as ,greece1 for example1--that wonderful land that reached the highest perfection in culture1 in history1 in song and in eloquence4 ,yet that land was sunk in the depths of impurity1 and some of the crimes that were prevalent in those days ,i would not dare to mention in your presence4 ,take ,rome1--that wonderful city1 that ennobled the idea of law1 that produced such marvelous intellects in the ,augustan age4 ,yet in the very triumph of its intellect1 as the capstone of intellectual pride went on to that magnificent temple of literature1 the foundations of national virtue were rotten to the core and began to tremble1 and presently the whole structure fell in ruins4 ,i tell you1 my friends1 there is no safety in mere secular education2 it must be ,christian as well4 ,we need to put education into the control of principle2 otherwise our education may simply give us a certain evil power over other men1 and eventually bring ruin upon us4 ,we need to put principle in control in order that whatever we may know shall be turned in the direction of purity1 of uprightness and of helpfulness to our fellow-men4 ,and so here1 if we are to have an education for the blacks1 or an education for the land1 we must not content ourselves with what has been called for by these public men4 ,i say1 then1 that just here the work of this ,association comes in4 ,however much may be done by others1 however much a secular education may attempt to accomplish1 it can never cover the ground that is absolutely necessary4 ,we have a secular education in the ,north1 and it is doing much1 but it has never done a religious work2 nor will it ever do such in the future4 ,we cannot expect that it should2 and we feel a peculiar sensitiveness in this matter1--perhaps a sensitiveness that is not too great4 ,we cannot trust the ,state to educate our young religiously4 ,i1 for one1 confess a profound distrust of all ,state universities4 ,i too often have seen those universities1 in their attempt to be non-sectarian1 ministering to the interests of that intensest of sectaries--the infidel4 ,i will go even further than this1 although ,i may carry but few of you with me in this conviction4 ,i fear the methods of higher education in our high schools are not always what they should be4 ,i have too often seen those who were the disciples of ,huxley and ,tyndall in science1 and of ,spencer and of ,taine in sociology1 literature and history1 teaching their pupils doctrines that were insidious in their religious influence4 ,i should be glad for one to see a return to the old-time academy system of ,new ,england1 under which students who valued education enough to pay for it1 were taught all branches of a higher learning on a ,christian foundation1 and trained first of all and most of all in character building4 ,but whatever you may say in regard to this matter1 ,i am sure that ,i shall carry you with me in this conviction1 that in the ,south1 in our labor among the blacks1 our institutions must be of this character and can be of no other4 ,we must have institutions that shall furnish ,christian homes4 ,those who come to our institutions1 come from places where they have no such ,christian training as have most of those who are in public schools in this more favored portion of the land2 and those in the ,south1 if they are to have a ,christian training at all1 must have it in schools that are under the management of ,christian men1 in chartered and endowed institutions1 cared for by ,christian boards of trustees4 ,it is this ,association that is doing precisely this kind of work2 and this ,association and others like it will1 ,i firmly believe1 be called on by ,god for years to come to labor with the same devotedness as they have in the past for the salvation of the land4 ,my friends1 our land is in danger4 ,i am profoundly moved with an anxiety for a land which should be dearer to us than life4 ,it has seemed to me1 as ,i have looked over this broad extent of country1 that there were flames of fraud and violence springing up here and there1 that were working disaster to our republic1 and that would in time--if we may judge by the history of other republics that have been similarly controlled by evil influences1 as ,france in the last century and ,spain in this1 and ,greece and ,rome in the centuries gone by--bring this our beloved land to wreck and ruin4 ,and yet we have a ,god above1 and ,he has given us methods of fighting the flames4 ,this summer the woods of ,new ,jersey were all ablaze1 and the farmers went out into the forests to fight the fire that they might save their homes and their property from desolation2 and the method they pursued was this3 to build against those fires a back fire that should rage more furiously and destroy the other flame as it advanced4 ,it is your business and mine to 8,take up the torch of truth ,and wave it wide10 to take up this blessed ,gospel of the ,lord ,jesus ,christ and carry it all through the ,south1 and touch points here and there until at length we have the fires blazing all over the land1 and ignorance is dispersed in the light of the ,gospel4 ,already1 in almost every ,southern ,state1 these fires are lighted and the work goes gloriously on4 ,let us not lose heart1 but thank ,god that ,he has given us the privilege of joining in this grand work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,sample ,,state4 ,,pres4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,de ,,forest1 ,,talladega1 ,,ala4 ,our ,southern ,states are so much alike1 our work1 its difficulties1 its successes1 its necessities are so similar1 that a view of one part of the ,southern ,field will stand for all4 ,burke's study motto1 8,from one learn all10 ,i think is applicable to the question before us4 ,if1 therefore1 for the few minutes ,i am before you1 ,i shall speak of one ,state only1 and of the work of the ,association in that ,state1 it is not because it is more important than in neighboring ,states1 nor because the work is more hopeful1 but because for a few months ,i have been learning something there of our need and of our opportunities4 ,on that map1 you see ,georgia facing east to the sunrise1 and northward toward ,new ,england4 ,behind ,georgia1 with its back close to ,mississippi1 where flows the ,yazoo river1 is the ,state of ,alabama1 in which about half of the population is colored4 ,ten years ago there were #dge1eaj colored men there1 when our entire population was not quite one million4 ,if we now look at the field1 its condition is1 perhaps1 what you might expect4 ,bear in mind that there were no free schools there until after the reconstruction2 that our ,new ,england ideas are exotics and grow there with difficulty2 that twenty years ago1 these colored men were all slaves and it was a crime to teach them2 and you are prepared to believe such facts as these4 ,of our black population of nearly #ejj1jjj there are #afh1jjj of school age2 and now you ask how many after seventeen years of freedom are cared for4 ,recent statistics show that of this number there were #ed1jjj enrolled as pupils and #dj1jjj in actual attendance4 ,you see a company of black youth on the street1 and there is about one in three of them on the road to school1 and about one in four who will enter the school-house4 ,school-houses with us are not as numerous as at the ,west4 ,on that grand and growing frontier1 the white painted school-house anticipates the coming of the settler1 and often the first building put up is a hall for learning4 ,you may go through that dark ,state of ,alabama1 and travel far and wide1 and not see a public school-house4 ,alphabetically ,alabama leads the van of the ,states4 ,she does not1 however1 in letters4 ,the entire school year is about eighty-two days1 and the teachers are paid upon an average #bb4fe a month4 ,we have never come to the taxing of property for education4 ,nothing but the poll tax of our ,state goes for our free schools1 and the black man's head-tax goes for the colored schools1 and the white man's head-tax for the white schools4 ,you are prepared to believe1 then1 that our appropriation for each pupil is only #a4jf4 ,that is about two cents a week per pupil4 ,it is evident1 then1 that education is at a low ebb in that dark ,state of ,alabama2 and such as we have1 bear in mind1 is the growth of the last twenty years4 ,it is an infusion of ,northern ideas and ,northern civilization2 and these first friends of learning must be its friends still4 ,just now ,i remember calling but a few weeks since at an important point where two railroads cross each other1 where iron and coal lie side by side1 where different forms of industry1--blast furnaces and machine shops--are going up1 and it is a place of great prospective importance that we ought at once to occupy4 ,i called upon the county superintendent of education1 a rebel colonel1 ,i think six feet and more in height4 ,he seemed to look down upon me4 ,i am sure he did when ,i announced myself from ,talladega4 ,he at once branded me with 8,n4,t40--that means a ,negro ,teacher1 with two g's in the word ,negro4 ,i asked him concerning the education of the black man in that growing town4 ,he said he knew very little of it2 he paid out ninety dollars of public money for a teacher1 but he knew nothing more4 ,said he1 8,we don't think much of nigger education here40 ,it almost took my breath away4 ,i said to him there might be others in the town who had different views of negro education1 and asked him if there was not some friend of liberty with whom ,i might speak2 and he replied1 8,we have not much of the nigger about us20 and ,i went out4 ,now it is very evident1 my friends1 that the work of education1 so imperative1 must be carried forward by ,northern consecration still4 ,well1 if you now turn from our intellectual need to our industrial wants1 ,i can show you a ,state whose mines and hills are full of treasure1 where forest trees grow in rank luxuriance1 where our cotton fields are sufficient to wrap half ,america in their folds4 ,and yet our homes are mean and miserable1 and dark and dirty1 and there is physical want and physical poverty and physical distress4 ,you tell me the black man is indolent4 ,i say yes1 but he is among a lazy generation4 ,you tell me the black man is thriftless1 and ,i say yes1 but he is among a shiftless race4 ,it is true that the industrial idea of those ,southern ,states must be carried forward1 and we must do it4 ,but the wants that ,i have referred to thus far are not our most serious need4 ,we come to manhood1 to morality1 to ,christian virtue1 and there1 brethren1 we are just where you might suspect4 ,bear in mind1 it is but a few years since slavery1 the sum and the mother of villainies1 was sustained by the law and defended by the pulpit4 ,the piety and the morality of the colored people have been strangely divorced4 ,as was said here yesterday1 we are not opposed by skepticism4 ,i grant it2 we can subscribe to the whole catechism and take it in bodily1 with one exception1 and that exception is the ,ten ,commandments4 ,now1 8from one10 as ,burke said1 8learn all40 ,let me tell you two or three facts that in my mind stand for a great deal4 ,recently a ,doctor of ,divinity1 a foremost man in the ,southern ,presbyterian church1 told me that near the city where he lives he has a plantation where he often spends a few days at a time1 and preaches4 ,that minister1 like others1 wants his ,aaron and ,hur about him4 ,there is a church established there1 and on his right hand was a colored minister1 and on the left a deacon4 ,that minister had three living wives4 ,that deacon was a butcher1 and lately there were dug up out of his barnyard the skins of fifteen cattle that he had stolen4 ,the facts concerning ,southern churches are not well recognized1 ,i suspect1 at the ,north4 ,a recent letter from one of our most trusted young men1 told me that where he was working this summer as a teacher there are two colored churches1 and that a woman1 excluded from one of them on the ,lord's day because of her gross immorality1 was on the next ,sabbath received into the other church without a letter2 and this represents the type of ,southern black piety4 ,brethren1 ,i have come to believe that the seventy-three ,congregational churches that you have planted there stand like light-houses in the midst of surrounding darkness4 ,and another fact means much to my mind4 ,when the census agents were with us1 and our young men were arranged in the parlor for convenience1 the officers asked them their fathers' names4 ,some of the young men blushed as they gave them1 and others handed them in on bits of paper4 ,young men of high character1 students in our theological seminary1 were born out of wedlock4 ,they blushed at the infamy1 and their blushing was because of ,anglo-,saxon blood that was wickedly in their veins4 ,i tell you1 brethren1 if you should reverse the course of the ,queen of the ,south1 and instead of going to the ,north you should go to the ,south1 you would say with her1 though in a different sense1 that the half had not been told4 ,it is fair to believe1 then1 that the ,christian work of the ,south is most imperative1 and ,i am glad to turn from the wants of the field to something of our undertakings4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,is it strange1 then1 that those of us who are allowed once more to face the front1 and go personally into the conflict hand to hand1 are looking ,northward for supplies8 ,i can remember1 when we stood there in hours of need1 how the ,northern people did not withhold munitions of war or what was necessary for our comfort4 ,we are engaged in the same warfare1 and we need a large supply of munitions4 ,it is not seven days since1 at ,new ,haven1 under the elms that shade ,yale ,college1 ,i saw light-bearers in martial array passing through the streets1 and1 when the band struck up the music that ,i heard once on the tented field at the ,south1 my heart grew large4 ,when ,i saw the marshaling of soldiers as in battle array1 ,i thought of what ,i had seen at ,cold ,harbor1 at ,drury's ,bluff1 at ,richmond1 and at ,petersburg4 ,they went on in the mimicry of war with mounted men1 and my heart was full4 ,but soon came a noble battalion of black men1 side by side1 step by step with their brethren1 looking as grand as any of them1 with their lighted torches going on towards the front4 ,i saw there a parable4 ,there is ,alabama and the ,south1 there is the ,dark ,continent with a sixth of the population of the globe1 #ahf1jjj1jjj waiting for the ,gospel4 ,now1 then1 shall we fill those torches with oil and light them8 ,we have men ready to be trained to go there1 and1 believe me1 they will not only bless ,africa1 but do a large part in saving ,america4 ,do you remember1 my friends1 that the oldest monuments we have1 the most ancient coins that come down to us1 represent the negro kneeling before his captor1 with his hands clasped in petition1 yet wearing shackles1 and there kneeling in prayer to an enemy8 ,that is the old picture of ,africa that has come down through the sun-burnt ages4 ,how is it to-day8 ,thank ,god1 in our country the scene has changed4 ,the black man is not kneeling before his captor4 ,he stands erect with us1 and with us he stands close to the ballot box4 ,those shackles are broken--do ,i say broken8 ,no1 they were cut asunder by the red sword of war1 but still they lie at his feet4 ,those hands are not clasped now1 but open1 and they are extended1 not to his captor1 but to his old-time friends and liberators1 to ,christian men and women of the ,north4 ,he holds in one hand a spelling-book and a ,bible1 and he stretches it out to us and says1 8,come and teach me40 ,brethren1 it is blessed to hear that call4 ,it is blessed to have a share in that work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,church ,,work4 ,the ,committee upon ,church ,work would emphasize the fact that the religious work among the ,freedmen is essentially that of reformation4 ,the churches of this ,association are the ,reformed ,churches of the ,south4 ,incidentally1 they are ,congregational4 ,the reason which called them into existence1 and which justifies their separate organization1 is the demand for a pure1 intelligent1 progressive ,christianity4 ,the ,association steadily refuses to multiply churches1 or to increase their membership1 except as the true type of personal piety can be established and maintained4 ,and1 acting upon this principle1 the growth of the church is made to depend upon the material which can be prepared for it2 in other words1 the church is essentially the product of the school4 ,there only can the foundations be laid for an intelligent faith and a pure morality4 ,your ,committee desire to commend the patient adherence1 not only of the ,association1 but of the churches themselves1 to this principle4 ,they would also acknowledge with gratitude the prosperous condition of the churches1 as set forth in the more detailed reports submitted4 ,with hardly an exception1 they are provided with houses of worship1 they are substantially free from debt1 discipline has been thoroughly maintained1 mission work has been earnestly carried on1 benevolence has been largely increased1 the pulpit has been well supplied1 and in many cases there have been most gracious proofs of the special work of the ,spirit of ,god4 ,the present number of churches is #gc1 an increase the last year of #e1 with a present membership of nearly #e1jjj1 an increase of #fce4 ,the question of greatest urgency connected with the department of ,church ,work1 is that of education for the ministry4 ,three of the schools have a theological department--,fisk1 ,talladega1 and ,straight4 ,there is also a theological department connected with ,howard ,university1 partly under the care of the ,association4 ,but no one of these has any endowment4 ,no permanent provision whatever has been made for the instruction or support of those studying for the ministry4 ,the work is carried on under every possible disadvantage4 ,meanwhile1 the demand for an educated ministry is steadily and rapidly increasing4 ,the work of education has now reached the point where the ratio of increase will soon be enormous4 ,over #aej1jjj children have been under instruction the past year4 ,the material for churches will soon be abundant4 ,the only question will be1 can it be used8 ,other denominations1 too1 are looking largely to the schools of the ,association for ministers4 ,and ,england1 in her missions for ,africa1 naturally turns to the ,freedmen of ,america for missionaries4 ,your ,committee would call the attention of the churches to the growing prominence of the religious question at the ,south1 and would most earnestly advise the patrons of this ,association to make fit provision and endowment for the permanent work of educating men for the ministry4 ,,wm4 ,j4 ,,tucker1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,our ,,disadvantages ,,and ,,advantages4 ,,field ,,sup',t ,j4 ,e4 ,,roy1 ,d4,d4 ,our church work at the ,south has its disadvantages1 its advantages1 its obligations1 its encouragements4 ,i4--,,its ,,disadvantages4 #a4 ,one is that our church system is entirely unknown among the ,freedmen4 ,it is a singular fact that they should know absolutely nothing of the churches which had led in the anti-slavery reform1 and which1 through this ,association1 are now1 as is confessed on all hands1 doing more for the lifting up of these lowly poor than any other4 ,the occasion of this ignorance is at hand4 ,the doctrine of equality in ,christ's house1 as based on his own words--8,all ye are brethren0--precluded the setting up of this order of church life among a people1 where master and slave should vote1 side by side1 upon all church business4 ,i know that it will be said at once that the ,baptists1 with their congregational polity1 did prevail all over the ,south4 ,but theirs was1 after all1 not a ,christian democracy1 but an aristocracy of the white members4 ,all right of voting was denied the colored4 ,even those two much-praised ancient ,congregational churches at the ,south1 the ,circular in ,charleston1 and the ,dorchester in ,liberty ,county1 ,georgia1 which took root in that soil1 did so only by denying suffrage to the colored members4 ,when one of the pastors of the latter1 with the ,bible in one hand and a whip in the other1 drove his brethren as his slaves to their tasks1 if that had been a genuine ,congregational church1 an appeal would have been taken to the brotherhood for an application of that ,scripture3 8,masters1 give unto your servants that which is just and equal40 ,one of the colored members of that church1 now a worthy deacon1 told me this bit of experience4 ,his master1 a fellow church member1 had found him with a ,webster's spelling book in hand1 trying to learn to read4 ,for this crime he was tied down1 with his face to the ground1 his hands and feet made fast to four stakes1 and then upon his bare back he received such a flagellation that1 under the torture1 he cried out3 8,oh1 massa1 do stop1 and ,i'll never again look into a book as long as ,i live40 ,with a fine turn he said to me1 8,i ,,gradulated ,,then40 ,now1 if that brother had had the right of telling that trespass to the church1 and if all the members had had the privilege of voting upon the case1 that would have been a piece of pure ,congregationalism4 ,evidently such a church system could not obtain in a slaveholding community4 ,so it is entirely unknown in that region2 and this fact becomes a disadvantage in introducing it now4 #b4 ,another disadvantage is that the ,freedmen are so largely wedded to other denominations4 ,it is popular to belong to the church4 ,the mass1 although they may not be members1 will call themselves either ,baptists or ,methodists4 ,one of them on being asked1 8,are you a ,christian80 responded3 8,no1 ,sah1 ,i'se a ,baptist40 ,the spectacular element of immersion afforded by this church order1 and the scope given by the other to the emotional nature1 have proven a great attraction to these rude and simple souls4 ,then it is easy for their zeal to rise into sectarianism and superstition1 bitter and hostile1 such as leads them to denounce the new church as having no religion1 because it has no dreams and visions1 no physical contortions--such as lead them to sneer at our members as only 8,bible ,christians10 while they have1 instead1 direct manifestations of the ,spirit4 ,it is a surprising revelation to our teachers and preachers who go to the ,south with nothing but love in their hearts1 and their hands full of the best things they could take1 to find such heat of sectarian opposition as soon as it is proposed to set up the church life1 which represents the educational effort that is so highly prized4 #c4 ,another disadvantage for the time in setting up our churches1 is the standard of intelligence and of morality to which we seek to bring them4 ,the colored man who confessed that he had broken every one of the commandments1 but blessed ,god that he had kept his religion1 stood in part1 at least1 for a good many of his people4 ,it is hard for us who come in contact with that state of things to accept the facts4 ,even then we would not wish to take the risk of making them public1 only so far as is sustained by their own newspapers and official reports4 ,the saddest part of it is the impropriety of the leaders1 ministers1 and official members4 ,if the blind lead the blind1 both will fall into the ditch4 ,each1 in self-protection1 condones the other's guilt4 ,we know that the system of slaveholding is largely responsible for this divorce of religion from morality4 ,but the fact1 as we have to confront it1 is all the same4 ,if you propose to set up a church that shall be clean and be kept clean1 in pulpit and pew1 you have undertaken a difficult task4 ,the gravity of depravity is against you4 ,,ii4 ,,its ,,advantages4 #a4 ,one is that our church system had not previously prevailed at the ,south1 to become modified by the influences of slaveholding1 and identified with it in the associations of the colored people4 ,as individuals become intelligent enough to rise above the prevailing sectarianism2 as they learn the anti-slavery history of our churches2 and as they learn that the nature of our polity prevented it from coming ,south in the days of slavery1 they turn to the ,puritan way with avidity4 ,it is to them a new discovery of friends1 who had stood by them when they knew it not4 ,indeed1 these people1 whose ancestors were landed upon these shores the same year the ,pilgrims came1 appear to be the ,yankees of the ,south4 ,they fall naturally into the observance of ,thanksgiving1 and on that day they love to hear over and over the story of the ,pilgrims and ,puritans1 their exile1 their hardships1 their poverty1 their simplicity of life1 their struggle for liberty4 ,they soon learn that the ,puritan ideas have taken possession of the ,north1 are now penetrating the ,south1 and are rising to a supremacy over the nation4 ,as they advance in understanding they take in these ideas2 and1 more and more1 will they be disposed to seek the church form which represents them4 #b4 ,another advantage is the adaptation of this church system as an educating process for the colored people4 ,any one who considers the untutored quality of the communities in which the ,apostles planted their self-governing churches1 must give up the notion that they were ,new ,england people4 ,indeed1 as one becomes acquainted with the qualities of mind and elements of character in these sable ,christians1 he can see that the ,epistles of the ,new ,testament were addressed to much the same sort of people4 ,these can govern themselves as well as those4 ,and1 coming forth from the house of bondage1 much more do they desire their largest liberty in ,christ ,jesus4 ,the working of this autonomy of the churches is to them an educating process4 ,it puts responsibility upon them4 ,they must study its principles in order to exercise its function4 ,even such men as ,senators ,lamar1 and ,hampton1 and ,hendricks1 in the ,north ,american1 have argued that the elective franchise is not only the means of defense1 but of education1 among these new-made citizens4 ,precisely so does it work in church relations4 ,some of us1 who have observed the process1 have been surprised and delighted to see with what decorum and parliamentary skill they will handle a deliberative assembly4 ,as1 in the days of bondage1 the only outlet for their native talent was the pulpit2 and as their church was about their only arena for organic efficiency1 so now they love most of all to handle their church affairs4 ,and so does their self-governing fellowship become a means of education4 #c4 ,another advantage comes from our preliminary educational work4 ,at the first1 it was thought by some that the ,association was too tardy in advancing the church process4 ,soon it was learned that the right policy had been pursued in developing the educational interest1 which was itself really missionary work1 and which was the necessary preparation for a more organic way of ,gospel propagandism4 ,in connection with all our high schools and colleges1 churches have been organized4 ,these have been immediate sources of power and influence4 ,they have also served as models and stimulus for others that have grown up around them4 ,in almost every case our churches have been an outgrowth from these educational centres1 or have been developed by the teachers and preachers who have been trained in them4 ,thus far1 in the main1 we have been preparing our machinery4 ,i remember that our ,elgin ,watch ,company spent its first two and a half years in erecting the factory and in manufacturing its own machinery4 ,now it is in competition even with ,london and ,switzerland for the trade of ,europe4 ,we have been building up our ,elgins--the ,fisk1 the ,howard1 the ,straight1 ,atlanta1 ,talladega1 ,tougaloo1 and ,berea4 ,they are furnishing us their approved mechanism4 ,this correlation of the school work to the church work is after the wisdom of all successful missionary enterprise in foreign lands4 ,in ,india the ,american ,board tried the experiment of dispensing with the school process1 only to put the mission back for years4 #d4 ,another advantage is that by their slower growth1 we can the more completely assimilate and mold the material of our churches4 ,drawn together by affinities of character1 the more readily do they receive instruction and take over the ideas and the style of our system2 the more certainly can discipline be maintained1 purity and sobriety secured4 ,heterogeneous masses would swamp church order4 ,at one of our ,conferences1 some of the brethren were bemoaning the slow growth of our churches4 ,a ,baptist minister being present1 turned the tide by asserting that1 for the present1 there were advantages in that state of things1 and that his denomination had suffered somewhat from the embarrassment of numbers4 ,he said that when as a farmer's boy he stood at the tail end of a steam thresher for shoving away the straw1 if left alone1 he found himself unable to keep up1 and was soon covered down with the accumulation4 ,so they were sometimes bothered in handling their great numbers in the way of discipline1 and of effort at moral elevation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,need ,,and ,,the ,,opportunity4 ,,prof4 ,,wm4 ,j4 ,,tucker1 ,d4 ,d41 ,,andover1 ,,mass4 ,in the midst of the struggle and the difficulties attending work among the ,freedmen1 there has been one point about which we have allowed our minds to be at rest4 ,as we have been vexed with the problems of education and with the problems of citizenship1 we have said to ourselves1 one thing is sure3 the colored race is religious4 ,and so we have allowed the religious question to remain comparatively in abeyance2 we have said1 this can wait2 we have work in hand which we must attend to2 by and by we will look after this4 ,but in that strange haste with which ,god has been forcing questions upon the ,american people as touching the ,freedmen1 we have come1 sooner than we thought1 upon the religious question at the ,south4 ,i think we have made a mistake in that we have not given it more prominence heretofore4 ,i think we shall make a grievous mistake if we do not carefully look this subject in the face now4 ,in what sense is it true that the colored race is religious8 ,how far does the religion of the negro of the ,south fit him for the essential work which his race has now before it8 ,his religion1 it seems to me1 has been peculiarly1 by ,god's providence1 the religion of the slave1 and now the religion demanded is the religion of the man4 ,the most beautiful illustration in all history has been given us by the negro1 of the words of ,scripture touching ,god's gift to his people3 8,he giveth songs in the night40 ,the great1 happy heart of that people has been singing through all these dark years1 while the great heart of the ,north has been heavy in its shame4 ,the negro of the ,south has been living for half the century in another world than this4 ,it his been literally true--8his citizenship was in ,heaven40 ,he had no citizenship anywhere else4 ,now he is a citizen of this world1 and the religion that fits a citizen of this world must be his1 or he will fail religiously in the problem which is now working out in this country4 ,i think the question is very much1 to-day1 with reference to the ,freedmen of the ,south1 as it would be if the ,christian of the second century could have been taken out from his persecution1 from his sense of that other world1 from his prayer for the speedy coming of ,christ1 and plunged into the hard1 practical uses of this nineteenth century4 ,we have taken the ,freedman out of his ,heaven where he was living with something of joy2 we have brought him before the great duties of this world and this century4 ,how is his religion fitting him for the change8 ,i have said that his religion has been a religion of joy1 fitting him to bear1 fitting him to endure2 but life has become something more serious than suffering--life has become to him a practical work4 ,what ,de ,tocqueville said to ,charles ,sumner in his youth1 may be said to the young ,freedman to-day3 8,life is neither a pain nor a pleasure1 but a most serious business1 to be taken up with courage1 to be laid down1 if need be1 in self-sacrifice40 ,the nation has made a change necessary in the type of his religion4 ,he must be refitted religiously to the work which attends citizenship1 its rights and its duties4 ,how is he fitted for it8 ,if we do not answer this question practically1 ten years will show us how he is unfitted for it4 ,meanwhile1 too1 we1 as an ,association1 through our educational work1 have been robbing him of his past religion4 ,we have been letting in the light upon his superstitions2 we have dissolved his dreams2 we have put his ,heaven a little farther off--he cannot fly into it so quickly as before2 we have let in the strong1 hard light of this world4 ,we must give him something4 ,if we simply give him education1 even though it be so much of religious education as may be given in the schools1 we are doing no more than sowing the seeds of scepticism--as when the ,romanists of the old country lose their faith1 it were better for them to stay in their faith with its tinge of superstition1 than simply to be sceptics4 ,we cannot afford to have this pure1 tender1 loving1 spiritual life1 developed during these last years1 caught up by the scepticism of this century and hurried on into ruin4 ,we have sceptics enough at the ,north2 we have sceptics enough through the ,south2 the nation is drifting fast enough into that way4 ,let us keep what religious sense there is in this race trained of ,god1 pure1 by making it strong1 hard1 substantial enough to stand the difficulties and the trials of their present condition4 ,the question then comes up1 ,can the ,freedman be made a pure1 honest1 reasoning1 intelligent ,christian man8 ,can the type of piety be changed8 ,still his music if you will2 take away something of the glow of his faith2 push his ,heaven a little further off--can he be made a man fit to live1 and act1 and do his work1 in this our century1 and assume the great duties of ,christian discipleship here and now8 ,can he be made sufficiently moral1 can he be made sufficiently intelligent1 to do practically the work which all ,christians must do1 with clean hands and with pure hearts8 ,well1 ,mr4 ,president1 there have been a great many theories on the matter1 and very many men are ready to say1 8,you can do nothing with the ,freedmen at this point40 ,i think it is the simple office of this ,association to fly in the face of the theories of men in this century1 to take one race after another1 treat it for ten years1 and then say to men1 8,there are your theories2 here is the fact40 ,men have said of the ,indian1 8,he won't work40 ,this ,association takes men who say that1 and quietly shows them the ,indian at work4 ,men have said of the ,chinaman1 8,you cannot change the type of his religion and give him any sense of faith in ,christ10 and this ,association is quietly showing souls won to the ,redeemer4 ,men used to say1 8,the negro won't fight2 put him before the eye of his master and he will quail40 ,the negro saw his master in battle1 he never quailed1 he fell at his feet only in death4 ,a friend told me yesterday coming on the cars1 that when the question was agitated as to whether a steamship could carry coal enough to cross the ,atlantic1 one of the scientific men of the day addressing a large audience in ,new ,york1 made this statement1 8,if you load a steamship when it shall leave ,liverpool with coal sufficient to last over the voyage1 as you withdraw the coal1 gradually the ship will lighten and lift1 and by the time the ship is half over the sea the wheels will be out of the water40 ,six days after he made that statement1 the first steamer came plowing steadily up the ,narrows into ,new ,york harbor4 ,men say of the negro1 8,he can't do this1 he won't do that40 ,meanwhile1 the ,american ,missionary ,association is doing its strong work with him1 and he is just plowing his way steadily into public notice and disproving everything flung in his face4 ,there are signs--and some of them very manifest--of the capacity of the ,freedmen for great moral strength4 ,have you read ,judge ,tourgee's reference to the fact that when the opportunity was given1 after the war1 for the negroes to register themselves for marriage--to be married by the laws of the ,state in wholesale--how eagerly they availed themselves of that opportunity1 that they might have the form and reality of marriage1 and the stamp of legitimacy upon their children8 ,the negro knows what a home means2 he has been wanting it2 now he will have in time as clean a home as you or ,i may have4 ,what do you think ,i discovered a few days ago in one of the historic towns of ,new ,england8 ,a friend looking over the records of that old town1 came upon the list of baptisms1 and this fact came out3 in early ,puritan days in a town not twenty-five miles from ,boston more children were born out of wedlock than in wedlock2 and the ,puritan says to the negro1 8,you don't know what a home is40 ,wait2--give him a chance4 ,you see how it is with regard to his industries4 ,men say he is lazy3 why does he go to work as soon as he leaves the land which induces laziness8 ,the reports come from ,kansas that he is thrifty1 that he is putting his hand to the plow1 that he is doing the work he is given there to do4 ,individuals taken as types of the race are declaring their capacity for strong industrial development4 ,you know his record in matters of education2 you know he is beginning to make himself1 so far as he has the chance anywhere1 a power in citizenship4 ,i believe that this question of morality will settle itself1 that the negro can at least show1 under right training1 an average development in the morals of religion4 ,one question then remains3 ,what is the true way of approach to this religious question of the ,south8 ,something has already been done through the strong1 patient work1 known as the church work of this ,association--taking the products of the school1 young men and women as trained in the schools1 and organizing them into churches1 for the churches are merely the outgrowth of the schools4 ,the old churches of the ,south are not fit to be transferred into the churches of this ,association4 ,we are all the weaker for any church that might be allowed to come in in that way4 ,the greater approach--and that which ,i believe the ,association1 so soon as it has the means1 will endeavor to carry out--is in the larger training of leaders1 to meet what will be within ten or twenty years the enormous demand for ,christian leadership through the ,south4 ,in other words1 give to the millions of the colored race at the ,south a sufficient number of trained1 educated1 common-sense ministers1 and they will make that people in half a century the joy and the pride of our land4 ,we need to do this to save the bright1 strong men among the negroes from going elsewhere4 ,a young man of good parts came to his church five years ago1 and said to them1 8,take my name off the church-roll2 ,i am going into politics40 ,his brethren said to him1 8,wait a little2 you do not want your name off the church-roll if you are going into politics4 ,but must you go there80 ,they showed him the more excellent way1 and to-day he is one of the most effective ministers in the ,south4 ,we want to lay our hands1 while we can1 while we have the material1 on the very pride of the youth of the colored race1 and secure them to the ministry4 ,we want hundreds of men--the best men1 who have the instinct of leadership about them--men who have that strong1 organizing1 executive force1 as well as the sympathetic power1 by which they can build up churches in the name of the ,redeemer throughout that country4 ,what is the furnishing for this at present8 ,here are four schools3 ,howard commands the north-eastern section1 situated at ,washington2 ,fisk1 in ,tennessee2 ,talladega1 in ,alabama2 and ,straight in ,new ,orleans2 and nearly a hundred men from these departments are in the process of studying for the ,christian ministry4 ,we want to enlarge1 and that speedily2 for1 as ,i have suggested1 the ratio of increase through the educational work within ten years will be enormous4 ,we want to enlarge greatly this productive power for the ministry2 and to that end ,i believe1 as the report has stated1 we need substantial endowment for permanent work of this nature4 ,it has been suggested in the report that we need men for more than home affairs4 ,england1 with generous look1 is ready to enter into ,africa and do large work there for ,christ4 ,what she wants is men4 ,fisk ,university has consecrated itself largely to the work of supplying ,africa with missionaries4 ,we want to respond to ,england1 with her generous means1 by the gift of men1 sending out worthy men1 by which the two nations shall go hand in hand in bringing light into the dark continent4 ,meanwhile1 ,i say as ,i sit down1 that1 with regard to this whole question touching the ,south1 there seems to me to be two aspects of it2 the one of which will give us at present only discouragement1 the other giving us the largest hope and joy4 ,when ,henry ,j4 ,raymond was editor of the ,new ,york ,times1 some of you may remember1 after one of his stirring editorials1 some one at the ,south sent him this laconic letter3 8,henry ,j4 ,raymond4 ,sir3 ,come down ,south1 and we will tar and feather you40 ,to which ,mr4 ,raymond replied in equally laconic fashion3 8,sir3 ,i think ,i will wait2 the inducements are not sufficient40 ,capital1 looking ,south1 says1 8,the inducements are not yet sufficient40 ,society1 looking ,south1 says1 seeing the ostracism there1 8,i think ,i will wait2 the inducements are not sufficient40 ,the ,north1 ready to pour in its own civilization there so far as it might be accepted1 has come to say to itself1 8,i will wait2 time on this continent is on the side of the ,puritan40 ,but the ,american ,missionary ,association1 touching the conscience and the heart of many strong souls at the ,north1 said1 long ago1 8,i wait no longer2 the inducements are sufficient40 ,knowing the ostracism1 knowing the persecution1 knowing the difficulties1 the inducements for ,christian work1 for education1 prevailed upon that heart2 and to-day we have the result of what that spirit has been that has looked the ,south in the face1 that has taken the ,freedman by the hand1 that is pushing the glorious work of reformation and reconstruction2 not in the name of a party1 hardly in the name of the country1 but in that ever-blessed name above party--even greater than country--the ,crucified4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,africa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,the ,committee1 to whom was referred those portions of the ,report of the ,executive ,committee relating to the work of the ,association in ,africa1 beg leave to submit the following report3 ,we stand at the opening of a new era in the history of ,african missions4 ,no real cause for discouragement in the present aspect of affairs presents itself4 ,there is1 on the contrary1 abundant reason for gratitude to ,god1 that through the darker experiences of the past1 in which ,he has revealed to us more clearly what are ,his plans1 ,he is leading us to the brighter issues of the future4 ,the logic of events is irresistible4 ,we1 of this ,association1 are driven to certain hopeful conclusions4 #ast4 ,africans for ,africa4 ,this is the evident teaching of ,god's providence4 ,it is the great lesson of the ,mendi mission4 ,the long list of the heroic dead1 martyrs for the ,gospel in ,africa2 the vast expenditure of resources necessary in supporting white missionaries2 the peculiar dealings of ,god's providence with the negro in this country1 especially fitting him for this work--all point in this direction4 ,this is the fact which gives peculiar significance to the work of this ,association1 both in this land and in ,africa1 and we hail it with encouragement and hope as one element of the new and happier era of lasting success1 which we believe will1 in the future1 attend1 under ,god1 the missionary work of that waiting continent4 #b;d4 ,need of careful supervision4 ,in view of the facts laid before us1 and in view1 also1 of the important enlargement of the work contemplated1 we most heartily commend the determination of the ,executive ,committee to appoint a general superintendent of the work of this ,association in ,africa4 ,such a superintendent appears to us to be a necessity4 ,we believe that he would have more than he could conveniently do in devoting himself to systematizing the work in its various phases1 providing a suitable literature for the people1 supervising educational and industrial enterprises1 keeping account of the financial matters of the missions1 giving character and direction to the counsels of the missionaries1 studying new regions for advance movements1 reporting needs and plans1 and thus enlisting interest at home and abroad4 ,we urgently hope1 therefore1 that the appointment of such a superintendent1 residing at some healthful point1 easily accessible to the missions1 will be made at the earliest practicable moment4 #c;d4 ,the subject of the ,arthington ,mission is no longer an open question4 ,you have already determined1 upon conditions believed to be practicable1 that you will occupy that land for ,christ4 ,the money1 we have some reason to hope1 is coming1 the men are coming1 the ,association is only waiting to begin wisely4 ,in an enterprise of such vast moment to all concerned1 care is better than cure4 ,your ,committee believe that they only give voice to the earnest desire of the churches1 when they express the hope that1 as soon as the necessary funds are received1 you will go forward with the same judicious care as in the past1 and take the proper steps to ascertain more fully the best ways of entering this open door for enlarged work and greater results4 #dth4 ,in view of the events of the year1 so full of sadness in the history of many ,african missions1 your ,committee recognize the fact more clearly than ever before1 that the call of ,god rests1 in an especial manner1 upon this ,association1 to maintain and enlarge this ,african work in the way of ,his own appointment4 ,the great results it is achieving for the negro of the ,south have received a new meaning and impetus in the light of ,african missions4 ,the whole problem of the negro in ,america is finding its solution slowly but surely4 ,in the providence of ,god this ,association1 in the two-fold relation which it holds to the ,freedmen of ,america on the one hand1 and to the pagans of their fatherland on the other1 more truly than any other1 we believe1 holds the key to the evangelization of ,africa4 ,your ,committee1 therefore1 feel warranted in suggesting that the true attitude of this ,association1 in view of the report of its missions in ,africa1 should be one of thankfulness for the experience of the past1 encouragement in the work of the present1 and earnest expectation for the future4 ,,henry ,m4 ,,ladd1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,mendi ,,mission4 ,,prof4 ,t4 ,n4 ,,chase1 ,,atlanta1 ,,ga4 ,in ,november last1 ,i received a letter from ,secretary ,strieby1 asking me to visit the ,mendi ,mission in ,west ,africa1 which invitation1 after consultation with my family1 from whom ,i was separated1 was accepted1 and on the #fth of ,december ,i sailed for that land4 ,my instructions required me to make such changes in the force of missionaries and their respective duties as seemed best1 and to obtain information1 and report1 upon the following topics1 viz43 ,the health of the missionaries2 the church1 school1 and industrial work2 finances and accounts2 the removal or retention of ,good ,hope station2 extension of the work into the interior1 and the use of the ,mendi language4 ,upon all these topics1 and some others1 ,i reported as well as ,i could to the ,executive ,committee of the ,a4 ,m4 ,a41 and some extracts have been embodied in their ,annual ,report of the work of the ,association4 ,most of the information and reflections in this paper will be supplementary to that report4 ,between ,liverpool and ,freetown1 ,sierra ,leone1 is a weekly line of steamers1 one of which we took2 and1 after touching at ,madeira1 ,teneriffe1 ,grand ,canary1 ,goree1 and ,bathurst1 we landed1 on the twenty-second day of our voyage1 at ,freetown4 ,thence a small steamer conveyed us to ,bonthe1 where is the ,good ,hope station of the ,mendi mission4 ,the ,sherbro river runs between the main land and ,sherbro ,island1 being quite like ,long ,island ,sound2 and into it flow several branches that penetrate the ,mendi country4 ,on the inside of ,sherbro ,island1 about fifty miles from its northern extremity1 where is the mouth of the river1 and ten miles from its southern point1 is ,good ,hope1 with its church1 school and home4 ,the buildings are on the bank of the stream1 and the peaceful river1 several miles in width1 studded with green islands1 presents a beautiful view4 ,on the ,sherbro ,island a few miles south of ,good ,hope1 is ,debia1 and thirty or forty miles up the ,small ,boom1 a branch of the ,sherbro1 is ,kaw ,mendi1 which has been described in a recent number of the ,missionary4 ,starting from ,good ,hope1 and sailing north1 down the ,sherbro twenty miles1 and then east up the ,bahgroo twenty miles more1 we come to ,avery4 ,for most of the way the banks of the river are lined with mangrove trees--appearing at high tide to stand in the water--whose trunks rest1 at several feet above the ground1 upon pyramids of stems or roots1 and whose outspread branches send down to the earth numberless rope-like twigs of various sizes1 altogether forming an almost impenetrable jungle4 ,but about a mile below ,avery the scene changes4 ,the mangroves disappear1 the low banks give way to quite high bluffs1 and for a long distance stretches a rolling surface1 with a soil of partially decomposed iron-stone4 ,in a bend of the river1 on a conspicuous bluff1 stand the buildings of ,avery1 the component parts of the station being a home1 a church1 a school1 a saw-mill1 a garden1 a coffee-farm1 and a fakir4 ,the home is beautiful for situation1 being so nicely located as to command a view of both banks of the river for half a mile in each direction2 water1 rocks and foliage being blended most charmingly4 ,in this home dwell the pastor of the church with his wife1 the superintendent of industrial work1 and ten little native boys and girls1 whose voices cheer the heart of one who loves children1 as the little fellows nearly exhaust their stock of ,english words in saying 8amen10 and the end of grace at meals1 repeating the ,lord's ,prayer1 and saying1 8,good night1 sir10 at their hour for retiring4 ,some of these buds of promise have such illustrious names as ,robt4 ,arthington1 ,wm4 ,e4 ,gladstone1 ,a4 ,k4 ,spence1 ,jennie ,pike and ,m4 ,e4 ,strieby4 ,it was our privilege to attend church twice1 and prayer meeting several times4 ,the dress of the congregation1 so far as it went1 was novel1 these people having never submitted to the cruel tyranny of fashion1 but in most cases the amount of apparel met the requirements of decency4 ,milliners1 however1 would have a dry time in this region1 for ,i noticed but one hat or bonnet1 and ,i could not tell which4 ,in other cases the head was bare1 or surmounted by a turban made from a handkerchief ingeniously twisted and tied4 ,some of the men had full suits1 others only a country cloth wrapped about them1 and a few seemed satisfied with simply a large handkerchief about their loins4 ,but1 notwithstanding their lack in style and quantity of clothing1 they were good listeners1 and doubtless carried away much that was said2 at least1 the writer of this paper found great pleasure in preaching a lay sermon from the text1 8,god so loved the world10 c4 ,the tithing master1 who paces up and down the aisles1 has as little to do in keeping drowsy persons awake as he would in many ,new ,england churches4 ,some entries in the agent's ledger seem to indicate that attendance upon church and other religious services is not altogether voluntary4 ,one entry reads1 8,cut 7docked7 for staying away from church1 one shilling20 and another1 8,being late to morning prayers1 one shilling40 ,and in estimating the rigor of this discipline1 one need to know that a shilling pays the wages of a common hand a day and a half4 ,they have no trade-unions there4 ,the school at ,avery is taught by ,mr4 ,jowett1 a native1 who speaks ,english correctly and fluently4 ,the pupils appeared very much like other children4 ,some read and spelled well1 and some had to 8get their lessons over40 ,little ,john ,bull showed that he had some surplus energy by thrusting his fist into the mouth of his drowsy neighbor4 ,the sawmill is said to have been erected by ,mr4 ,d4 ,w4 ,burton1 with the assistance of natives alone1 and is a monument to his ingenuity1 energy and perseverance4 ,small logs are sawed by a circular1 but most of the work is done by an up-and-down1 which allows the logs to drag their slow length along sufficiently fast to make the mill pay its way under careful management1 with sawyers at fifteen dollars a month1 and lumber at forty-five dollars a thousand4 ,other entries in the ledger show a high state of discipline in this department of mission work4 8,neglecting to tie a canoe1 one shilling40 8,smoking in the mill1 four shillings40 8,neglect of duty1 one shilling40 8,not obeying1 two shillings40 ,the chief productions of the garden are cassada1 sweet-potatoes and pineapples4 ,the cassada is a root of milk-white color1 and is the leading article of food4 ,it is usually boiled1 but sometimes baked1 or eaten raw4 ,the sweet-potato flourishes well and is very palatable4 ,the pineapple grows on bushes or shrubs two or three feet high1 the fruit standing up in the midst of long1 narrow1 serrated leaves4 ,the yard has cocoanut1 banana1 orange and cinnamon trees4 ,in reading lists and descriptions of the ,african productions1 one might conclude that this is the land for an epicure2 but the fact is that none of these things take the place of the beef1 wheat1 vegetables and fruit of the ,united ,states1 and a person who has lived in the tropics for a little while1 longs for a ,fulton or ,quincy market4 ,the coffee farm consists of #a1ejj trees from two to six feet high1 set in rows eight feet apart and just beginning to bear4 ,the coffee grows in pods about the size of a robin's egg1 in each of which are two kernels enveloped in a skin or husk4 ,to keep down the rapid and rank growth of grass with the hoe alone1 requires a vast amount of labor4 ,i find that these industries are highly appreciated by travelers and traders1 and have made the name of ,mr4 ,burton well known on the coast4 ,the natives have felt their influence already1 and will be more and more inspired by them to habits of industry and enterprise4 ,the remaining element of the station is the fakir1 or native village4 ,most of the houses have mud walls1 with bamboo or thatched roofs4 ,they are built without much system1 and are huddled together1 because1 probably1 where wars prevail1 it is necessary to wall in the towns and villages for defence1 and so the houses must not occupy too much ground4 ,such is ,avery1 with its material1 mental1 and religious machinery1 all tending to produce an intelligent and stable ,christianity4 ,and now those who have become interested in the experiment of manning the ,mendi mission with graduates of ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 schools1 are asking whether the plan is successful1 and ,i am supposed to have some information upon this point4 ,it is not quite three years since the first party of these colored missionaries sailed for ,africa1 two of whom have returned1 and the others have had a shorter term of service4 ,so it is too soon to say whether the experiment has been a success or a failure4 ,if the work had been carried on by them in the most approved manner1 it would be premature to say that the problem of ,african evangelization had been successfully solved4 ,and1 on the other hand1 if the experiment thus far had been an utter failure1 it would be unjust to the colored race to conclude1 from this one brief trial1 that they are incapable of carrying on mission work by themselves in ,africa4 ,those who are most ready to embark in an enterprise of this kind are not always the best qualified4 ,zeal is needed1 and in no leas degree1 sound judgment also4 ,fisk ,university graduated its first college class in #ahge1 and ,atlanta hers in #ahgf1 so that from these ,institutions have come only five or six small classes that have completed a collegiate education1 and the first one of these students to graduate from a full theological course has just received his diploma4 ,and then the officers of the ,association have not had their pick from the graduates of their schools4 ,some of those best qualified for mission work abroad are fully persuaded in their own minds that their field of labor is at home4 ,so the experiment at the ,mendi mission has not been tried under the most favorable circumstances4 ,the officers of the ,association have not had1 like those of the ,american ,board for its work1 a large number of fully educated1 mature and consecrated men and women from which to select candidates for their ,african mission4 ,but what is the actual outcome of this brief experiment8 ,the colored missionaries have kept alive the churches and schools1 have well cared for the buildings and grounds of the stations1 have cultivated the coffee-farm1 have bought logs1 manufactured and sold lumber1 have organized a new church of considerable promise1 and all but one of them have kept unbroken the brittle thread of life4 ,after granting that the mission has as a whole met with serious drawbacks1 and suffered from the lack of character and wisdom on the part of some of those to whom it was entrusted1 ,mr4 ,chase refers at some length to the following as reasons why mission work in ,africa is1 and must be1 slow3 #a4 ,polygamy2 #b4 ,mohammedanism2 #c4 ,the superstitions of the people2 #d4 ,the rum trade2 #e4 ,the unhealthfulness of the climate2 #f4 ,the pernicious influence of traders2 #g4 ,the inability of the natives to procure the equipments of ,christian civilization4 ,the paper concludes as follows3 ,now1 in view of this rather gloomy presentation1 does any one say1 8,let us abandon the ,mendi ,mission2 money enough has been spent1 lives enough have been sacrificed08 ,i have not written with any such object in view4 ,my purpose has been to state plain facts as they exist1 for the consideration of wise men1 believing that if there is any lack of tangible results1 it is not all the fault of management or workers1 and that great things ought not to be expected in the immediate future4 ,but there are grounds for hope as well as for despondency4 ,the mission has a good name4 ,the labors of ,raymond1 ,thompson and others1 are fragrant in the memories of natives and foreigners1 so that even the ,british colonists in ,sierra ,leone are loud in their praise4 ,the industrial work1 instituted and carried on by the wonderful ingenuity and energy of ,mr4 ,burton1 has secured the good will of traders and foreign residents4 ,i heard many encomiums upon the mission1 especially upon its early history4 ,the ,mendians are a numerous people1 occupying a belt of territory of some hundred miles upon the sea1 and reaching far back into the interior1 all of which region is drained by the ,sherbro river1 near the mouth of which is located our ,good ,hope station4 ,our mission was established among them many years before those of other societies1 and its work is far ahead of that of the ,wesleyans and ,church of ,england1 and if these should greatly increase their efforts there would still be room for us4 ,by the assiduous labor of ,mr4 ,claflin1 the language of the ,mendi people has been reduced to writing1 an elementary grammar and small vocabulary have been published1 and portions of the ,new ,testament translated1 so that the acquisition of the native tongue is comparatively easy4 ,the land and buildings of the mission constitute a valuable property2 the ,good ,hope station1 with its regular steamboat communication with ,freetown1 furnishes a needed base of operations1 and the sawmill at ,avery will provide lumber for future buildings4 ,the fact that this mission is right in the heart of the old slave grounds1 ought to furnish inspiration for its support4 ,between it and ,freetown on the ,bomana ,islands were the old slave pens of the infamous and afterward illustrious ,john ,newton4 ,kaw ,mendi is supposed to be the centre of the region from which the ,amistad captives were dragged from their homes to be sold into slavery1 and is the point at which they settled after their return from these ,connecticut shores1 through what might be called a series of special providences4 ,at ,kaw ,mendi it was my privilege to see and converse with two surviving members of that slave cargo4 ,special interest in such a field as this is something more than mere sentiment4 ,it is the breath of the ,god of ,love sweeping across the chords of the soul4 ,then too1 in addition to the name and history of the mission1 its valuable property1 its large field1 its written language1 and its providential beginning1 it has living material that can be utilized in its future extension4 ,the station at ,debia1 where the lamented ,barnabas ,root labored for a time1 is well carried on by a native educated at the mission2 and another efficient helper of the same training is employed at ,good ,hope4 ,and there are several traders and carpenters1 mission-educated1 who could render good service in penetrating the interior4 ,the great call at present is for two or three men of ability and culture1 of broad views1 of practical sense1 of considerable business experience1 and of deep consecration1 who are ready to enlist for a long term of service1 and take the lead in this enterprise4 ,the foundations have been laid1 the material for the structure is at hand and the work is waiting for a wise master-builder4 ,let a disciple of the ,lord see those people there in their degradation1 superstition1 and poverty1 and then let him visit some of our communities in the ,south1 and see those of the same color1 features1 and form1 living in comfortable houses1 clad in decent garments1 cultivating large fields of their own1 and supporting the school and the church1 and let him realize that these pictures present the same race and perhaps the same tribe of people1 and that he can be instrumental under ,providence1 even in an ordinary life-time1 in bringing about a repetition of this wonderful transformation1 and he ought to need no stronger inspiration4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,call ,,to ,,the ,,association4 ,,rev4 ,h4 ,m4 ,,ladd1 ,,walton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,one need not be a prophet1 nor the son of a prophet1 to be able to predict that the world's great enterprises of the next century will take hold upon ,africa4 ,already the earnest gaze of the civilized world is fixed upon that opening continent4 ,the spirit of discovery and of commerce have pushed their way into the very heart of its mysterious jungles4 ,its borders are all alive with the enterprise of nations4 ,vast preparations are making to open up its wonderful resources1 and to find a mart for the products of civilized industry4 ,truly1 as the great ,french poet has said1 8,in the nineteenth century the white has made a man out of the black4 ,in the twentieth century ,europe will make a world out of ,africa40 ,the great question is1 ,shall ,christianity keep abreast of this advancing host8 ,shall the seeds of the ,gospel of light be sown broadcast through this dark continent1 before the tramping feet of commerce have trodden down its soil into the hardened footpaths of sin8 ,the call of ,god is emphatic4 ,he has opened a door which no man can shut4 ,that call rests in a peculiar manner upon this ,association4 ,it has not been optional with you whether you should enter ,africa4 ,the hand of ,god1 manifested in the peculiar circumstances attending the ,amistad capture1 sent you to ,africa4 ,that hand has kept you there2 and to-day you are not seeking for yourselves a way up the ,nile and into the heart of ,central ,africa2 you are invited there1 you are urged there1 you are sent there4 ,it will be a great undertaking to go1 but it will be a greater mistake not to go4 ,the generous offer of ,mr4 ,arthington1 the importance of the field1 its unoccupied condition1 its easy accessibility1 the pledge of needed funds1 the fact that it lies right in the very heart of that region cursed by the slave-trade not yet abolished1 make it obligatory upon this ,association to accept the responsibility and speed forward the work4 ,but this is not all4 ,not only do we hear the call of ,god resting in a peculiar manner upon this ,association1 heard especially in its earlier and later history1 but this ,association is peculiarly fitted for the work4 ,it holds in its hands1 as the gift of ,god1 a peculiar power4 ,we in this country are just beginning to spell out the true lessons1 the real meaning of slavery on our soil4 ,this ,association1 more than any other under ,god1 has been our teacher4 ,it has shown us what the educated black man1 with even his limited facilities1 can do2 and now it has grasped1 and proposes to carry out1 a distinctive idea--negroes for negro land4 ,mr4 ,president1 is it too much to say1 that1 in this distinctive idea1 so satisfactorily demonstrated already in the history of ,african missions1 we recognize the star of hope for ,africa8 ,is it not the solution of many a difficulty8 ,we need not refer here to the stimulating reflex influence of this new policy upon the ,christian colored people of the ,south4 ,that it will be great1 no one can doubt4 ,but what is to be the future of ,africa1 as it is dotted over here and there where no white man can live1 with these abiding centres of a ,christian civilization8 ,what is to prevent the establishment of these points of light throughout that benighted region1 until1 like the stars of ,heaven1 they shall flood the dark continent with a galaxy of light1 growing brighter and brighter until the day dawn and the ,sun of ,righteousness arise with healing in his wings8 ,to this end we are called of ,god to sacrifice1 to labor and to pray4 ,the wise plans which this ,association have devised give every assurance of success4 ,not at once1 perhaps4 ,we must not expect too much at once1 but in the fullness of time4 ,to say that there are not great obstacles in the way1 would be to close our eyes to the truth4 ,there are obstacles2 but what are obstacles when ,god is with us8 ,he has not forgotten ,africa4 ,that continent1 which holds nearly one-sixth of the human race and is equal in area to all ,europe and ,north ,america combined1 was surely included in that great command1 8,go ye into all the world and disciple all nations40 ,the promises--are they not ours8 ,will ,he not be with us alway1 yes1 even unto the end of the world8 ,is not the final victory assured1 even that victory that overcometh the world--our faith8 ,are we not taught to pray1 8,thy kingdom come08 ,surely ,god's will is yet to be done on earth as it is in ,heaven1 and these nations are yet to become the nations whose ,god is the ,lord4 ,the day shall come4 ,it may be ages from this time--but to the thought of ,god1 and to the life of humanity1 ages are but days--when ,ethiopia shall not stretch out her hands in vain4 ,let us1 then1 go confidently forward in the line which ,god has marked out for us4 ,let us help the ,freedman of the ,south to fulfil his destiny4 ,his bondage over1 having safely passed through the ,red ,sea of blood1 and been brought forward by the pillars of cloud and of fire1 let us now open to him the land of his fathers1 and bid him enter it to drive out the strange gods1 and to proclaim the unsearchable love of our ,god4 ,oh1 then1 speak unto this children of ,israel that they go forward1 and songs of thanksgiving shall arise from the groaning heart of ,africa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,indians4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,your ,committee1 to whom has been referred that part of the ,report of the ,executive ,committee which concerns the ,american ,indians1 beg leave to report as follows3 ,we recognize with gratitude the work which has been accomplished by the ,american ,missionary ,association1 in behalf of the ,indians1 in its missionary and educational departments4 ,we especially recognize and commend the success of the experiment of bringing youth from the tribes1 and educating them at ,hampton ,normal and ,agricultural ,institute and at ,carlisle ,barracks2 and1 at the same time1 we record our decided opinion that the schools on the reservations1 while the reservations are continued1 must be relied upon as among the most efficient agencies for improving the condition of the ,indians4 ,we believe that the possibility of civilizing the ,indians is no longer an open question1 as is proven by what has already been realized at the ,fort ,berthold1 ,lake ,superior1 ,s',kokomish1 and all the agencies4 ,but your ,committee desire emphatically to express the opinion that all attempts to civilize and ,christianize the ,indians must be slow and unsatisfactory until there is a radical change in the relation between the ,indians and the ,united ,states ,government4 ,the ,committee1 therefore1 desire to reaffirm two resolutions adopted at the last ,annual ,meeting of the ,american ,missionary ,association1 as follows3 ,res4 #a4 ,that the aim of this ,association shall be1 as far as possible1 and as rapidly as possible1 to secure for the ,indians-- 7#a47 ,a legalized standing in the courts of the ,united ,states4 7#b47 ,ownership of land in severalty4 7#c47 ,the full rights of ,american citizenship4 ,these three things1 we believe1 are essential1 if the ,indian is to be either civilized or made a ,christian4 ,res4 #b4 ,that to this end the members of this ,association will do all in their power to make the ,indian question a pressing question1 until the attention of ,congress is so secured1 and held to it1 that the legislative enactment necessary to bring about these changes be completely accomplished4 ,,amory ,h4 ,,bradford1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,causes ,,of ,,the ,,mismanagement ,,of ,,indian ,,affairs4 ,,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,bradford1 ,,montclair1 ,n4 ,j4 ,in the management of ,indian affairs there has been little1 if any1 progress since colonial days4 ,i4 ,the ,new ,world was supposed to belong to its discoverers1 and the ,indians also1 because they belonged to the land4 ,when ,england transferred her colonies to the new ,republic1 it was without any mention of the aboriginal inhabitants1 or their rights4 ,trees and stones could not have been more completely ignored4 ,with the single exception of the ,treaty of #ahjc1 by which ,louisiana was obtained1 all the ,indian population was unconditionally transferred with the land4 8,in our first treaty of peace with ,great ,britain1 by which the latter yielded all claims to the country as far as the ,mississippi ,river1 not a single stipulation appears in regard to the aboriginal inhabitants1 and when they were received they were considered to be in the same situation1--as far as their legal status was concerned1--as the nation by which they were surrendered had placed them40 7,the ,indian ,question1 ,otis1 p4 #ea47 ,what was that status8 ,the ,indians were many2 the colonists were weak4 ,the stronger compelled the weaker to treat with them as sovereign tribes4 ,the weaker became stronger4 ,the same method was pursued then because of jealousy of the ,french4 ,treaties were made1 and what the colonists could not compel by force they accomplished by intrigue4 ,in the wars between ,england1 ,spain and ,france1 the aborigines held the balance of power1 and thus compelled their own recognition4 ,when the war for independence came1 the same was true4 ,both ,british and colonists sought their friendship1 and paid for it4 ,thus1 in a word1 grew up the recognition of the sovereignty of the tribal and national organizations4 ,thus commenced the atrocious policy of quietly1 by treaty and gifts1 removing the ,indians westward1 as lands were required for settlement4 ,since the revolution1 until #ahga1 when the treaty system was abolished1 the same general plan has been followed4 ,in everything else1 there has been progress4 ,in the management of our ,indian affairs1 we are hardly a step in advance of those who1 in #agec1 in forming a unity of action against the savages1 organized the germ of our ,union of ,states4 ,,ii4 ,the ,reservation system seems to have had its birth in the administration of ,jefferson4 ,the object was to make conflict impossible until the natives could be civilized by isolating them4 ,education was to be provided1 missionaries sent1 protection guaranteed until they should become new men4 ,did the plan succeed8 ,it had hardly been commenced before its failure was recognized4 ,it has been continued1 and the longer it has lasted the worse it has failed4 ,the removal to reservations was commenced in earnest under ,president ,jackson1 who advised ,congress to set apart an ample district west of the ,mississippi1 and without the limits of any state or territory1 to be guaranteed to the ,indian tribes as long as they should occupy it2 each tribe having the management of its own portion of the district1 and being 8subject to no other control from the ,united ,states than such as may be necessary to preserve peace on the frontier1 and between the several tribes4 ,there the benevolent may teach1 and an interesting commonwealth may be raised up1 destined to perpetuate the race and attest the humanity and justice of this ,government40 7,otis1 p4 #if47 ,president ,van ,buren was not less sanguine than ,president ,jackson4 ,never were golden dreams more ruthlessly shattered4 ,as well might our representatives have attempted to tame a herd of buffaloes by corraling them at the base of ,mt4 ,hood1 as to attempt to civilize the ,indians by separating them from all civilizing influences4 ,as well might you plant a keg of nails and expect it to come up a piano1 as to seclude such wild natures on the prairies1 or between mountains1 and expect peace and harmony to result4 ,the policy of removal did not benefit the ,indian1 and has brought but temporary relief to the country1 by 8the elimination of a troublesome element in society40 ,it has not been pursued to any great extent during the last twenty-five years1 but still the massing of the ,indians in two or three great reservations seems to be the ideal of our legislators1 an ideal which has not a single support either in reason or experience4 ,then the reservations have been such only in name4 ,the ,black ,hills territory belonged to the ,dakotas only a few years ago4 ,you remember the story4 ,reports of mineral wealth reached the outside world4 ,emigration commenced4 ,but that country had been set apart by treaty to the ,dakotas4 8,yet10 say ,felix ,r4 ,brunot1 8every step from the moment of making that peace with the ,indians1 has been in the direction of depriving them of the very land which the ,peace ,commission gave them40 ,though there were wealth in the ,black ,hills1 our nation should have said1 and stood by the declaration--8,gentlemen1 that ,black ,hills country belongs to the ,indians4 ,if those mountains were built of solid gold1 and those river beds were paved with diamonds1 not one of you should be allowed there1 unless in honorable trade you had purchased the right40 ,but adventurers crowded in1 and1 because they had white skins1 the sacred covenants of the nation were broken4 ,what wonder that when the land was assigned them they eagerly asked1 8,how long will it be that the ,president will keep his promise80 ,why should they be loyal to the ,government8 ,the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,sherrill1 of ,omaha1 writing in the ,advance1 says1 8,the commonly accepted report is1 that when ,commissioner ,hayt visited ,spotted ,tail on the ,upper ,missouri1 and attempted to misinterpret his promise to the tribe1 ,spot shook the written document with ,mr4 ,hayt's name at the foot of it in the ,commissioner's face1 called him a #8bald-headed liar1' and walked out of the tent indignantly refusing to have anything more to do with such a forked tongue40 ,the reservation system has not secured to the ,indians permanent homes2 it has not preserved them from molestation2 it has not improved them either morally or physically2 it has not relieved the ,government of care or expense2 from beginning to end1 it has been a stupendous fraud and failure4 ,,iii4 ,i turn now to the ,indian treaty system of the ,united ,states1 one of the most fearfully and wonderfully concocted systems that human stupidity ever devised4 ,it was in operation until #ahga4 ,more than three hundred and sixty-six treaties with native tribes are recorded in the statute books since the adoption of the ,constitution4 ,if it is remembered that in many of these covenants several tribes were united1 the actual number of treaties is multiplied to nearly one thousand4 ,it would puzzle a philosopher to get at the true inwardness of this system4 ,the fact is1 that in colonial days1 and almost ever since1 the ,indians have been treated with as if they were independent and sovereign ,states4 ,as such1 they were distinct from ,united ,states subjects1 and could only be reached under the forms of international law4 ,in the language of ,justice ,mc,lean of the ,supreme ,bench1 8,the ,president and ,senate1 except under the treaty-making power1 cannot enter into compacts with the ,indians or with foreign nations40 ,that is plain2 and if the ,indians had always been treated according to that decision1 there would have been less trouble4 ,but ,congress has claimed jurisdiction over them1 and while the ,president and ,senate were making treaties1 has held each member of the tribes individually amenable to such laws as it might choose to enact4 ,the ,court decides that they are to be treated with as independent tribes1 and ,congress proceeds to manage them as a portion of our dependent population4 ,two illustrations4 ,the ,wyandotte ,treaty of #ahee declared the ,indians of that band to be citizens of the ,united ,states4 ,the treaty with the ,pottawatomies in #ahfb placed it in the power of the ,president to confer citizenship upon the members of that tribe4 ,now1 if the ,indians were foreigners1 they could become citizens only by naturalization1 according to rules prescribed by ,congress4 ,the treaties with them imply that they are foreigners2 but the courts have decided that naturalization laws do not apply to them2 therefore it is evident that it is competent for ,congress1 and no other power1 to confer upon them political rights4 ,yet1 in the instances cited1 the treaty-making power assumed these rights4 ,the ,executive and ,senate abandoned1 at length1 the process of making citizens by simple declaration4 ,in #ahff1 they compelled the ,delawares who wished to become citizens1 to appear in the ,united ,states ,district ,court1 and take out naturalization papers the same as aliens4 ,they first made them foreigners in order to make them citizens4 ,but that was of doubtful legal validity4 ,then1 to crown this wonderful achievement1 it was decided that the children of those thus naturalized were still foreigners1 and must choose for themselves whether they would enter the tribal relation1 or seek citizenship by naturalization4 ,a white man who could unravel this snarl would be a genius2 to an ,indian1 it must have been transparent as the waters of the ,missouri4 ,i give this instance to illustrate the utter confusion which has characterized the administration of our ,indian affairs1 and the absolute impossibility for any one to be elevated by such stupidity4 ,my second illustration is the ,indian ,territory itself4 ,a civil government exists there1 subject to ,congressional dictation4 ,yet ,congress never had anything to do with it1 and never authorized it4 ,its powers have never been defined or controlled by statute4 ,it was a scheme of the treaty-making power of government alone4 ,it is an organization devised between tribes1 recognized as independent1 and is to take cognizance of matters 8relating to the intercourse and relations of the ,indian tribes and nations resident in said territory and represented1 but can pass no act inconsistent with the ,constitution of the ,united ,states1 the laws of ,congress1 or existing treaties2 or any act affecting the tribal organizations1 laws1 or usages40 ,each tribe is independent of this so-called legislature in all its own affairs4 ,each tribe has its own laws2 and its own courts1 both civil and criminal1 are the last resort2 and by treaty1 ,congress is denied the right to interfere with1 or annul1 their present tribal organizations1 rights1 laws1 privileges and customs4 ,thus1 if an ,indian commits murder in his own tribe1 he can be brought to justice only by his own tribe4 8,the non-treaty ,indians can freely rob1 murder1 trade with each other1 without incurring responsibility to ,united ,states authority40 7,otis1 page #aae47 ,if a white man joins an ,indian tribe and commits murder1 who tries him1 the ,united ,states courts or the tribal8 ,exactly that issue has arisen4 ,a ,united ,states marshal was condemned because he attempted to take forcible possession of a ,united ,states citizen1 who was also a citizen of the ,cherokee nation1 and who was accused of the murder of a ,cherokee squaw4 ,other inconsistencies might be enumerated4 ,treaties have guaranteed privileges that only ,congress had the right to grant4 ,when the ,united ,states court comes in conflict with the treaty1 then confusion and bloodshed follow1 and the absurd clumsiness of official action is hidden beneath the cry of shocking cruelties by ,indians1 when they are only defending rights guaranteed by solemn covenant4 ,two other facts may be barely mentioned4 ,treaties have been repeatedly solemnized which both parties knew perfectly well could not be kept2 as in the case of the covenant with the ,mississippi and other bands of ,chippewas in #ahee1 when the treaty included a thousand little details of moral conduct2 or the treaties of #ahee and #ahfe with the ,indians of ,oregon and ,washington ,territory1 where all sacredly promised to take a temperance pledge4 ,the other fact is that1 when ,congress has ratified ,indian treaties1 the prerogative has been repeatedly asserted of changing the treaty without consultation with the ,indians4 ,in the ,cheyenne ,treaty of #ahfa1 the ,senate struck out article eleven1 one of the most important articles1 and then held the tribe to the treaty as it chose to amend it4 ,,iv4 ,two changes must be wrought in our ,government before these wrongs can be permanently righted4 #a4 ,the people must be aroused4 ,in #ahfb1 ,secretary ,stanton said to a committee who went to him demanding justice for the ,indians3 8,if you come to ,washington to tell us that our ,indian system is a sink of iniquity1 and a disgrace to the nation1 we all know it4 ,this ,government never reforms an evil until the people demand it4 ,when the hearts of the people are touched1 these evils will be reformed1 and the ,indians will be saved40 ,when the people demand justice to the ,indian1 and officers know that swift retribution will be meted to those who longer trifle with his interests1 ,indian ,commissioners will no longer dare to condone corruption1 and ,interior ,secretaries will cease to stand in the way of righteousness4 #b4 ,there must be a reform in our system of civil service4 ,in ,british ,columbia1 for the last hundred years1 there has been spent not one dollar for ,indian wars1 and not one life has been lost4 ,in the ,united ,states1 thousands of lives have been lost1 and more than #ejj1jjj1jjj expended4 ,what do these facts signify8 ,that in ,british ,columbia they have had able and honest men in the civil service2 and in this ,republic1 imbecile and corrupt men4 ,contrast parts of the two systems4 ,with us the ,indians are under the control of the ,secretary of the ,interior1 and the ,indian ,department is but one of numerous important and complex departments under the supervision of that officer--each one enough to tax to the full the ability of a trained statesman4 ,with us1 the ,indian ,department must take its chances with others1 and he who ought to give it his entire attention is 8,jack-of-all-trades and master of none40 ,in ,british ,columbia1 the ,minister of the ,interior is the actual superintendent of ,indian affairs1 and directly responsible for them as the most important part of his official duties4 ,with us1 in our ,indian1 as in our civil1 service1 which is as vicious as any system can be1 officers are continued only during party supremacy4 ,in the ,dominion1 officers are continued for life or good behavior1 with the obvious benefit1 in matters requiring special skill and experience1 produced by a civil service well established1 on a correct system of selection1 which with us has only recently been attempted4 ,the trouble with us has been1 we have not chosen our best men to do our most difficult work4 ,we have had two vast problems to solve in our history--the problem of ,reconstruction and this ,indian problem4 8,in both cases1 where ,france1 ,england1 ,russia1 would have used the flower of their educated youth1 their most honored soldiers1 their wisest lawyers and scientific men1 we collected a large horde of broken-down men of all trades and callings1 and men of none1 the riff-raff of caucuses and nominating conventions1 in fact1 the very refuse of our busy and prosperous society10 and gave to them to solve1 the most difficult and delicate questions of public policy which statesmen have ever faced on this continent4 ,the failure was inevitable in the one case as in the other4 ,v4 ,in the light of the experience of the last century1 ,i think we may safely make the following affirmations4 ,all tribal distinctions ought1 as soon as possible1 to be abolished by the ,government1 and the ,indian treated the same as any other man4 ,the ,reservation system should be given up1 and ,indians be allowed to go and come whenever and wherever they may choose4 ,land should be allotted in severalty4 ,if the ,indian has a hard time1 the discipline will probably educate him4 ,education should be compulsory1 and for a reasonable time1 under patronage of the ,government4 ,all the rights and penalties of citizenship should be accorded to the ,indian1 as to the ,italian1 ,irishman1 and ,negro4 ,the ,indian should understand that this is a final settlement of his case1 and that now he must shift for himself as other citizens have to do4 ,with justice1 and the protection and penalties of law awarded to him1 let the ,indian take his chances in the struggle of life4 ,the germ of civilization is obedience to law4 ,put him under state and national law4 ,the fittest will probably survive1 ,darwin or no ,darwin4 ,so much for the ,government4 ,then let ,christianity1 through its voluntary agencies1 do the rest1 as it well knows how to do1 and is so grandly doing through the ,american ,missionary ,association4 ,there are difficulties attending the execution of these suggestions4 ,this consideration would require time that ,i have not at my disposal4 ,they are not insuperable to a wise statesmanship4 ,when ,dr4 ,riggs was visiting and preaching in the ,indian ,territory1 one day there sat before him an old chief1 nearly a hundred years of age1 listening attentively4 ,it was the missionary's last sermon before leaving4 ,when the service was over1 the old man went up to ,dr4 ,riggs1 and reaching out his scrawny hand to the missionary's snow-white beard1 grasped it firmly1 and turning him to the full sun-light gazed intently into his face for a long time4 8,what do you do that for80 at length said the ,doctor4 8,because ,i want to know you in the resurrection10 the old chief slowly replied4 ,his people had been scattered1 his children killed1 his horses stolen1 he had been driven from the home of his childhood to a strange land4 ,while he waited to die1 this noble old apostle1 in whom ,christ dwelt1 crossed his pathway4 ,the speech and tenderness were so strange1 coming from a white man1 that he wanted to be sure of recognizing him after death4 8,i want to know you in the resurrection40 ,how many white men will the ,indians want to meet in the resurrection8 ,it is time these awful wrongs were righted4 ,it is time we learned with the wise fool in ,a ,fool's ,errand1 8,the remedy for darkness is light2 for ignorance1 knowledge2 for wrong1 righteousness40 ,it is time the people were roused4 ,it is time a tide of public opinion1 demanding justice for the ,indian1 was rolled in upon our rulers1 too strong to be longer resisted4 ,if the ,government never reforms until the people demand it1 let us be sure that we voice our part of that demand1 loud and clear1 at once and unmistakably4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,letter ,,from ,,general ,,fisk4 ,it was anticipated up to a late day by the committee of arrangements that ,general ,fisk would be present at the meeting and would make an address upon the ,indian ,report4 ,in his unexpected and compelled absence he kindly sent the following letter3 ,it is almost two hundred and fifty years since ,captain ,john ,mason1 at the head of ninety men1 more than half of the fighting force of the ,connecticut ,colony1 marched against ,sassacus1 and almost within bow-shot of where your ,annual ,meeting is to be held1 fought the ,pequods4 ,it was the first ,indian war in ,new ,england4 ,thomas ,hooker1 8the light of the ,western ,churches10 famed as 8a son of thunder10 delivered to ,mason the staff of command4 ,the very learned and godly ,stone spent nearly the whole night in importunate prayer for success to crown the expedition1 which on the morrow sailed past the ,thames1 hoping by strategy to reach the ,pequod fort unobserved4 ,under cover of night1 the soldiers of ,connecticut made the attack upon the ,indians4 8,we must burn them10 shouted ,mason1 who himself cast a firebrand to the windward among the light mats of their cabins4 ,the helpless natives climbed the palisades as their blazing encampment assisted the ,english marksmen in taking good aim4 ,six hundred ,indians1 men1 women and children1 perished1 most of them in the hideous conflagration4 ,capt4 ,miles ,standish had twenty years earlier slaughtered ,witawamo and others of the ,massachusetts tribe1 the knowledge of which1 as it reached the gentle spirited ,robinson in ,leyden1 caused the pastor to write to ,bradford1 8concerning the killing of those poor ,indians1 of which we heard at first by report and since by more certain relation4 ,oh1 how happy a thing had it been if you had converted some before you killed any40 8,the principle and foundation of the charter of ,massachusetts10 wrote ,charles ,,ii4 at a time when he had ,clarendon for his adviser1 8was the freedom of liberty and conscience1 not only for the ,puritan but for the natives1 whom the ministers might win to the ,christian faith40 ,the instructions to ,endicott as to the rights of the ,indians on the far-away ,atlantic coast1 and their duty to them1 were clear and emphatic4 8,if any of the savages pretend right of inheritance to all or any part of the lands granted in our patent1 endeavor to purchase their title1 that we may avoid the least scruple of intrusion4 ,particularly publish that no wrong or injury be offered to the natives40 ,the colony seal was a wandering ,indian with arrows in his right hand1 with the motto1 8,come and help me40 ,for more than two hundred and fifty years1 from our ,indian tribes1 as they have been steadily driven before the surging tide of civilization from the ,atlantic to the ,pacific1 has there been the constant cry of the weaker to the stronger forces of the continent1 8come and help me40 ,many who will be in attendance upon your ,annual ,meeting have seen 8,standing ,bear0 of the ,poncas1 who was wantonly and wickedly driven from his home on the banks of the ,missouri by the ,government1 and heard him tell his simple story of wrong endured1 and heard his appeal1 8,come and help me40 ,with sublime faith that ,god intended all men to be free and equal1 all men without restriction1 without qualification1 without limit1 let us listen to their appeal1 and respond with the best help in our power to contribute4 ,never before in the history of this country has there been such an awakening in behalf of the ,indian4 ,never before such healthy sentiment for justice and fair play for the original owners of the soil over which our fifty millions of prosperous people unfurl the flag of the free4 ,the ,indian question1 like the ,ghost of ,banquo1 is at every banquet4 ,it will not down until 8,birnam wood do come to ,dunsinane40 ,hundreds of years of broken faith1 during which ambuscades1 massacres1 fired ,indian camps1 blazing wigwams and smouldering embers of burned villages1 have strewn the pathway of our march of empire1 until now upon every lip is the interrogatory1 ,what shall be done with the ,indian8 ,all the ,indian asks1 all his friends ask for him1 is a fair chance4 ,it has been well said that in good faith and good feeling we must take up this work of ,indian civilization1 and at whatever cost do our whole duty in the premises4 ,we owe them protection of the property they own1 endowments of money1 forbearance1 patience1 care1 education1 citizenship4 ,let not another ,indian be removed from his home1 except as he removes himself by his own volition4 ,let every acre of land now occupied under treaty1 or by any other document by which the ,united ,states have 8ceded and relinquished0 the same1 be held sacredly theirs forever1 unless the citizen ,indian chooses to sell it4 ,let there be no more the policy of seclusion1 but rather that of absorption4 ,let all covenants between the ,government and the ,indian be executed as promptly and faithfully as with any other person4 ,let the ,indian citizen have his own home with all the protection of ,national and ,state ,governments4 ,let the ,indian citizen have the same protection of law1 and require from him the same obedience to law as governs in the case of the white man and the black man1 and then the ,indian will work out his own destiny4 ,let us say with that quaint philosopher1 ,hosea ,bigelow1 that 8,this is the one great ,american idee1 ,to make a man a man1 and then to let him be40 ,trusting that the ,american ,missionary ,association will keep its standard on the ,indian question 8full high and advancing10 ,i remain1 ,with very great respect1 ,your obedient servant1 ,,clinton ,b4 ,,fisk4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,chinese4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,california ,,chinese ,,mission40 ,auxiliary to the ,american ,missionary ,association4 ,,president3 ,rev4 ,j4 ,k4 ,mc,lean1 ,d4,d4 ,,vice-,,presidents3 ,rev4 ,a4 ,l4 ,stone1 ,d4,d41 ,thomas ,c4 ,wedderspoon1 ,esq41 ,rev4 ,t4 ,k4 ,noble1 ,hon4 ,f4 ,f4 ,low1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,dwinell1 ,d4,d41 ,hon4 ,samuel ,cross1 ,rev4 ,s4 ,h4 ,willey1 ,d4,d41 ,edward ,p4 ,flint1 ,esq41 ,rev4 ,j4 ,w4 ,hough1 ,d4,d41 ,jacob ,s4 ,tabor1 ,esq4 ,,directors3 ,rev4 ,george ,mooar1 ,d4,d41 ,hon4 ,e4 ,d4 ,sawyer1 ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,baker1 ,james ,m4 ,haven1 ,esq41 ,rev4 ,joseph ,rowell1 ,rev4 ,john ,kimball4 ,,secretary3 ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,pond4 ,,treasurer3 ,e4 ,palache1 ,esq4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,your ,committee1 to whom was referred that part of the ,report of the ,executive ,committee which concerns the ,chinese1 beg leave to report as follows3 #a4 ,that in estimating the success of their work1 the difficulties under which it has been prosecuted must be borne in mind2 the fact that it has been carried on in the face of an intense hostility to the presence of ,chinese upon our shores1 extending not only to the lower classes1 but also1 in not a few localities1 including influential clergymen and laymen1 and became so far a dominant sentiment1 that both the great political parties have yielded to it by inserting anti-,chinese planks in their platforms4 #b4 ,that this work ought to be not only generously supported and vigorously maintained1 but1 so far as practicable1 extended1 especially by the establishment of schools and mission work among the ,chinese in the mines4 #c4 ,that while your ,committee recognize the difficulties in the way of establishing a mission in ,china1 they also see that there would be great advantage1 both direct and indirect1 in thus connecting a foreign with the home work1 and they recommend the ,board to give serious consideration to the proposition1 and to carry it into execution1 if1 on a more thorough inquiry1 it shall be found practicable to do so without interfering with the other work of the society1 or with the work of other ,evangelical missions in ,china4 ,,lyman ,,abbott1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,two ,,methods4 ,,rev4 ,,lyman ,,abbott1 ,d4,d41 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 ,let us recognize1 then1 that there is a possibility of danger to us1 religious danger from the influx of a godless and atheistic people1 political danger from the influx of a vast amount of cheap labor1 danger from a deluge coming from an ocean almost unfathomable and immeasurable4 ,how shall we meet that danger8 ,looking down the vista of the years1 how shall we prepare ourselves for it and protect ourselves from it8 ,there are two methods2 and ,i wish simply to set these two methods before you as clearly and as distinctly as ,i can4 ,the one method is that of self-protection by force2 the method of building a ,chinese wall and saying1 8,you shall not come upon our shores20 the method of the brick-bat2 the method of the mob2 the method which has been succinctly put in ,dennis ,kearney's platform1 8,the ,chinese must go10 and more genteelly and courteously put in the ,democratic and ,republican platforms1 which mean the same thing2 the method which declares1 8,we will not allow this people upon our shores to live among us1 to work with us1 to share our benefits20 the method of a prohibitory legislation4 ,in respect to that method1 first1 we have no right to adopt it4 8,the earth is the ,lord's and the fullness thereof40 ,go through the first five books of the ,bible and find how it is iterated and reiterated again and again1 that the soil of this earth belongs to ,god4 ,no people have a right to set themselves down upon a territory and say to their brother people1 8,you shall not come40 ,we have a right to say that if they come they shall come subordinate to the laws and the institutions that have been established here2 that they shall behave themselves2 that they shall obey the system of laws which we have found good for ourselves and for our children2 but we have no right to build a wall of adamant around the land and say1 8,keep out40 ,by what right do the children of the immigrants of #afbj say to the immigrants of #ahhj1 8,you shall not set foot upon this soil08 ,by what right do the sons of the ,pilgrim ,fathers say to the pilgrims of this generation1 8,you shall keep off08 ,when did that right come to us8 ,could we have said it in #agjj1 in #agej1 in #ahjj8 ,at what epoch in our national history accrued to us the right of drawing the line1 building the wall1 closing the gates1 and saying1 8,thou shalt come no more80 ,i shall not enter in detail into the argument on this subject4 ,i know what is the reply3 8,if ,i have a farm of a hundred acres1 may ,i not keep tramps off80 ,no nation has found itself without difficulty and threatened danger1 that has attempted to keep the laborer off of land which was not being worked4 ,to-day ,ireland is wrestling with the labor problem1 and ,england is wrestling with the labor problem1 because there are vast tracts of unoccupied1 untilled1 uncultivated land from which the laborer is excluded4 ,so long as our mines lie undug2 so long as our prairies lie uncultivated2 so long as our streams run their course and no music of the mills sings along their lines1 so long industry has a right to its home under our flag and within our borders4 ,and we have not the power if we had the right4 ,congress does not make laws2 ,congress only declares and interprets them4 ,there is but one law-giver--,god ,almighty2 and all that judges and governors and law-makers and ,congresses and ,parliaments can do1 is to ascertain what are ,god's laws and interpret them4 ,and ,god's law is the law of liberty1 and all ,his laws are to conserve liberty4 ,never in the history of the world has a nation succeeded in stopping one of these great migratory movements4 ,out of four hundred million people1 in one year almost as many corpses lie upon the ground in ,china as were strewed on all our battle-fields1 and over every one a grave-stone might be erected with the inscription1 8,died of hunger60 ,why1 you might better expect to stop the charge of a herd of buffaloes rushing madly along with the prairie on fire behind them1 by means of a ,virginia rail fence1 than to stop the immigration of a great nation1 driven from its home by pursuing famine1 with an act of ,congress4 ,you could easier dam up the waters of the ,gulf ,stream with bulrushes4 ,in the year #bej the ,goths and ,vandals won their first victory over ,roman arms on the ,roman boundary4 ,the ,roman empire adopted ,dennis ,kearney's platform2 it said1 8,we will not have the ,goths and ,vandals on our territory40 ,the ,roman empire was clad in mail from its head to its foot2 it was an army of soldiers2 it put forth the greatest military power the world has seen to stop the great migration4 ,for a hundred and fifty years the conflict went on1 but year by year the valiant warrior was beaten back1 and it was ended at last with the sack of ,rome4 ,but #bej years before these immigrants made their first appearance on the border line1 a little decrepit ,jew made his appearance in ,rome as a prisoner4 ,he lived there two years1 bound1 chained to the soldier that guarded him1 and he brought there the story that ,god had shown himself in ,jesus ,christ1 ,his ,son1 who had lived1 suffered1 died1 risen1 and ever lived for them4 ,in those #bej years1 ,christianity under various persecutions1 had grown little by little1 until1 when the ,goths and ,vandals made their appearance1 it comprised one-twentieth of the population of ,rome--fifty thousand out of a million4 ,it sent ,bishop ,ulfilas with his ,gothic ,bible1 to the north2 it sent ,augustine into ,england2 it sent ,st4 ,patrick--,protestant before the time of ,protestantism--to preach a pure gospel in ,ireland4 ,one and another and another went forth1 bearing the cross2 and when at last the ,goths and ,vandals had conquered the armed ,romans1 so thoroughly had that ,christian church done its work1 that1 says ,lecky1 the ,christian church conquered the barbarian world almost in the same hour in which the barbarian world conquered ,rome4 ,we are told that we cannot convert the ,chinese4 ,why1 ,christianity1 while it was yet in its cradle1 without churches1 without schools1 without a printing press1 without literature1 ,christianity infantile vanquished the serpents that had strangled the military ,hercules4 ,if we cannot1 with the ,christianity that we possess to-day1 vanquish the semi-civilized paganism of ,china1 we had better get a new ,christianity1 for we sorely need it4 ,let us look1 then1 at the other method of protecting our nation from the incursion of the ,chinese4 ,the one is the barbaric method1 the method of military ,rome2 the other is the ,christian method1 the method of the successors and followers of the ,apostles and of the ,lord ,jesus ,christ4 ,what is this method8 ,what does it involve8 ,it involves welcoming the ,chinese to our shores2 throwing open the gates2 recognizing the truth that the earth is the ,lord's1 and that all peoples are entitled to make their home here if they will2 welcoming them to all the protection--,i do not say to all the powers--of citizenship2 holding over them the shield of the ,declaration of ,independence1 and declaring for them the right to 8life1 liberty1 and the pursuit of happiness40 ,it involves bringing them into our schools and into our churches2 teaching them that which we teach ourselves and our children2 teaching them those things upon which our own intelligence and prosperity and our own national life are based4 ,above all1 it involves teaching them those great principles of ,christianity which are the very conservation of national force and the saviours of the nation4 ,it involves teaching them that there is one ,god2 that we are all one family1 brethren in the ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 doubly brethren--born of ,god and redeemed by ,christ2 it involves teaching them immortality1 and all the glorious hopes and liberations that come from the faith of immortality2 it involves all the assimilating and unifying force and power that come from teaching the ,fatherhood of ,god and the brotherhood of the human race4 ,and1 observe1 you cannot carry on these two methods simultaneously4 ,you cannot say1 8,we will exclude the ,chinese1 but if they do come here we will convert them40 ,you cannot ask the ,chinaman to kneel down with you and say1 8,our ,father which art in ,heaven10 and then1 when he has finished1 take him by the throat and toss him into the ,pacific4 ,you cannot say to a ,chinaman1 8,you are my brother1 get out of here60 ,you cannot be both ,christian and ,pagan2 you must take your choice4 ,it is said that the ,chinese cannot be converted1 that they are impervious to ,christian influences1 and that they repudiate and reject all such4 ,what have been the ,christian influences that have been showered upon them8 ,they have been impervious to the guns of ,england when they flamed out1 8,you shall take opium60 they have been impervious to the influence of ,dennis ,kearney's brick-bats when they have been flung at them in the street4 ,i do not wonder that they were impervious to that kind of ,christianity4 ,cannot be converted8 ,men call this an age of scepticism2 but the unbelief that doubts the first chapter of ,genesis1 that thinks the story of the ,fall is a parable1 that is uncertain whether the whale did really swallow ,jonah or not1 that doubts whether those three men went into the fiery furnace unconsumed1 is as nothing compared with the unbelief that lurks sometimes in our pulpits and oftener in our pews1 that doubts the declaration that the ,gospel of the ,lord ,jesus ,christ is the power of ,god unto salvation to every man that believeth--not to every ,anglo-,saxon man1 not to every white man1 not to every cultured man1 but to every black man1 and red-skinned man1 and copper-colored man1 and ,indian man1 and ,chinaman1--to humanity4 ,it is as nothing compared with the infidelity that puts under its foot the obligation3 8,i am debtor to the ,jew1 and to the ,greek1 to the bond and to the free1 to the white1 to the black1 to the ,indian1 to every man1 because for every man my ,christ died40 ,we cannot convert the ,chinese8 ,really it does not lie in us to say they are beyond hope4 ,let me read you the features of a portrait3 8,huge1 white bodies1 cool-blooded1 with fierce blue eyes and reddish flaxen hair2 ravenous stomachs1 filled with meat and cheese1 heated by strong drinks2 of a cold temperament1 slow to love1 home stayers1 prone to drunkenness6 99 99 pirates at first2 99 99 sea-faring1 war1 and pillage1 their only idea of a freeman's work2 99 99 of all barbarians the strongest of body and heart1 the most formidable1 the most cruelly ferocious2 99 99 torture and carnage1 greed of danger1 fury of destruction1 obstinate and frenzied bravery of an over-strong temperament1 the unchaining of the butcherly instincts2 99 99 with a great and coarse appetite40--,compiled from ,taine's ,english ,literature1 vol4 ,i pp4 #cj-cc4 ,do you recognize it8 ,it is the portrait of your ancestors and mine2 and if ,christianity can make out of that picture such an audience as ,i see before me to-night1 what may it not make out of ,china8 ,to-night again we see in the heavens1 brighter and clearer by far than ever ,constantine saw in his fabled vision1 that flaming cross1 and under it the motto1 8,by this sign ,i will conquer40 ,that motto1 enforced by the history of eighteen centuries of triumph1 ,i set before you2 the ,roman spear on the one hand and the flaming cross on the other3 choose you by which sign you will vanquish the ,chinese4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,our ,,grounds ,,of ,,encouragement4 ,,rev4 ,,samuel ,,scoville1 ,,stamford1 ,,conn4 ,mr4 ,scoville compared the work of the ,association to the river which went out of ,eden and became into four heads1 the ,pishon1 flowing to the land of gold and the ,havilah of the ,east1 representing its ,chinese work4 ,after forcibly depicting the importance of the work as involving the regeneration of ,china1 the good name of the ,christian ,church1 the honor of ,christ1 and the perpetuity of our political institutions1 the address closed with a statement of the grounds for encouragement that this work can and shall be done4 ,it is this latter part only for which we have room1 as follows3-- ,i turn now to the grounds we have for encouragement that this work can and shall be done4 #a4 ,the first is found in ,god's word4 ,we ask ourselves1 ,is it ,his purpose that this work shall be done1 that those heathen on our ,western coast and in ,china shall be converted1 or must they be given over to destruction8 ,and we read the promise of ,god to ,his dear ,son3 8,i will give ,thee the heathen for ,thine inheritance10 and that means the people of ,california1 a large part of them1 8and the uttermost parts of the earth for ,thy possession10 and that means ,china4 ,is there anything special about the ,chinese nature that puts them outside the recuperating1 renewing forces that exist in ,jesus ,christ8 ,and ,i read3 8,the ,word was made flesh and dwelt among us10 and again1 8that ,he by the grace of ,god should taste death for every man40 ,and ,i know that in that humanity and in that provision the ,chinese are included4 ,i hear ,him say1 8,come unto me all ye that labor and are heavy laden10 and ,i know that the wretched millions of ,china are meant4 ,but may it not be true that the ,chinese are so lost to spirituality that this whole power of renewing forces will be lost upon them8 ,i read3 8,and ,i1 if ,i be lifted up1 will draw all men unto me40 ,and ,i know there is a sweet attractiveness in the ,saviour of men dying for them1 that is able to break up the dull apathy of ,chinamen as well as others4 ,but is there power enough to wake up the ,christian churches as well as the ,chinese from their apathy8 ,and ,i read that prayer for us1 8that ye may know what is the exceeding greatness of ,his power toward us who believe according to the working of ,his mighty power which ,he wrought in ,christ when he raised ,him from the dead1 and set ,him at ,his own right hand in the ,heavenly places10 and ,i know that individuals and churches1 even the whole ,christian land1 can be breathed upon and quickened by that resurrection life4 ,and then the ,divine ,commission breaks in upon all our delay1 saying1 8,go ye into all the world and preach the ,gospel to every creature10 and ,i know that that means us1 and that the time is now4 ,i am confident that we have ,god's word for it that this work can be done1 and that we are to set about it without delay2 and having this foundation ,i care for little else4 ,but we have more if we require it4 #b4 ,we have ,god's providence4 ,his providence that has pushed the column of progress forward from the moment the ,life came forth from the tomb in the garden1 and began to be preached to the nations1 until now its head occupies the slopes of the mountains that overhang that distant continent1 and looks upon it inevitably as its next field of conquest4 ,that providence that has pushed this advance forward upon two parallel lines1 that of spiritual and of political liberty1 and has made them converge and come together for the first time in history upon this broad domain2 that has brought along in the slow conflict and march1 institutions and rights1 the spoil of nineteen centuries of conflict1 and planted them upon this continent1 and opened the door of invitation to the ,east through a sea-coast line of twelve thousand miles1 and another to the far ,west of four thousand4 ,these providences of ,god1 making our duty clear1 are endorsed by those others that have broken up the seclusive habits of that people1 and have turned the thoughts of her educated men1 and the hopes of her commerce1 and the needs of her industrious poor1 toward our shores4 ,this writing of ,god's providence seen in the majestic progress of events from the ,east and ,west meeting here1 seen in the configuration of the continent1 seen in the harsh language of war breaking open closed doors1 and in the voice of peace1 endorses that other word which ,god has given us1 and proves that our interpretation was correct1 and that we have an especial duty to this people1 both at home and abroad4 #c4 ,another ground for encouragement is the character of the ,chinese that are now in ,california4 ,they have the mind and disposition of the mother country2 nothing less1 not much more4 ,and what kind is that8 ,we answer1 it is that which created and still keeps the most ancient literature in existence4 ,it is that which worked out for itself most of the inventions that made the fifteenth century remarkable in ,europe1 but more than a thousand years before4 ,it is a mind and spirit that has obeyed1 and does now obey1 the fifth commandment more thoroughly than any nation upon the earth2 that educates formally but more widely than any other people4 ,it has had the tenacity and recuperative power to hold on to its ancient seats while ,babylon was rising and falling2 while ,greece was coming to the zenith and sinking behind the ,western horizon2 while ,rome was growing and dying2 while medival ,europe was going through its changes1 and modern nations were being born and attaining their growth4 ,all this time it has held on4 ,what think you of the natural capacity of a soil that has produced such results1 that has such staying power8 ,it has lain long fallow1 but let the process of breaking up their exclusiveness go forward2 let the ,gospel1 not as a destructive force1 illustrated by brick-bats and cannon-balls1 but as a quickening power made beautiful to their eyes by the kindness and sympathy of those who profess its truths1 be brought to bear upon them like the sun-light2 and what harvests of righteousness shall not that great field bear for enriching the ,redeemer's kingdom6 ,the soil here or at home has not lost its native force nor its receptive power4 ,yung ,wing1 picked up by a missionary in the streets of ,canton1 converted by the faithfulness of one of the mothers of ,new ,england1 sent to ,yale ,college1 where he stood among the first in his class1 especially in ,english composition1 returning to his own land to reach one of the highest places in the government1 and now leading one of the greatest educational enterprises in the world1 and ,jee ,gam as a disciple and a preacher1 are but illustrations of what this soil1 found among the common ranks of the ,chinese1 is capable of producing4 ,the twelve thousand dollars saved by the ,chinese of ,california out of their hard-earned wages1 and sent to the sufferers from the yellow fever in the ,south1 proves that the common sentiments of our humanity are still surpassingly strong in them4 ,the numbers and faithfulness of those who have joined the churches prove that they are susceptible to the influences of the ,gospel1 while the very tenacity with which they cling to their old faith but proves the toughness of the fibre that may some day be employed to conserve the interests of the ,redeemer's ,kingdom4 #d4 ,again1 we may gather courage from the experience we have already had in conquering difficulties4 ,if this was the first difficult matter the ,american ,christian people had ever faced1 we might expect them to be puzzled by its intricacy or appalled by its magnitude2 but it is not1 for from the moment our fathers planted their feet upon these shores1 we as a people have had to face obstacles and to overcome them4 ,a color-line1 black as night1 lay in the way of citizenship1 education1 and ,christian labor1 but we have crossed it1 and we can cross the yellow line as well4 #e4 ,again we may take courage from the very strait and necessity to which we are brought4 ,when ,god brings ,his people down to the sea1 and all ways are shut up1 and still ,his voice and command are to go forward1 we know that the waters of the sea will be divided1 and we shall go over dry-shod and singing songs of victory beyond4 ,we cannot shut out the one hundred thousand ,chinamen now here1 nor prevent others coming4 ,we cannot go back to the old ,chinese policy of exclusiveness1 neither can we permit them to remain as a foreign element1 unsubdued by our institutions or our religion4 ,only one thing remains1 and that is to subdue them by the power of the living ,saviour brought to them by patient1 loving1 faithful ,christian hearts and bands4 ,brethren all1 shall this be done8 #f4 ,and last of all1 ,i mention the moving forward of ,christian thought and ,christian feeling in this direction4 ,when the plan was devised to exclude the ,chinese1 and the ,president vetoed the bill1 the ,christian public upon the ,atlantic coast waked up to the importance of the matter4 ,they opposed his action1 they began to look at this immigration in its true light1 to see in it a grand opportunity1 and to lay their plans to avail themselves of its advantages for the cause of ,christ4 ,the greatness of the work is touching the imagination2 its difficulty is awaking a spirit of heroism1 and it is believed by many that we stand upon the threshold of one of the grandest missionary movements1 one of the grandest crusades that the world has ever seen4 ,asia1 that once responded to the call from the ,west1 8,come over and help us10 is now herself uttering the cry1 and the ,christian world will not long be insensible to her voice4 ,in view of the importance of this work in ,california among the ,chinese1 involving the interests of that great nation beyond the ,pacific1 involving the good name of ,church and ,redeemer1 involving as we believe the perpetuity of our institutions3 in view of the encouragements afforded in ,god's word1 endorsed by ,his providences1 by the excellent elements found in the ,chinese character1 and by the trophies already gathered2 in view of the very necessity that is laid upon us1 and the quickened attention of the churches toward that people1 what is your answer1 ,christian brethren1 to the practical questions3 8,can the ,chinese of ,california be conquered for ,christ8 ,can the waters of that wide-spreading river flow to them here1 and beyond to the continent of ,asia1 and shall they do it8 ,can the work be done8 ,will you do it80 ,these are the questions for this time1 made solemn as the closing hour of your deliberations1 councilings1 and prayers4 ,i look along the ages1 and all is changed4 ,we no longer sit here in the darkness1 the dust1 and the noise of the conflict1 but stand upon the ,heavenly heights above4 ,the world1 in alternate shade and sunshine1 rolls at our feet1 and its song1 the song of salvation1 pulses up to our listening ears4 ,both the question that is here asked1 8,will you do it80 and the answer1 which ,i see in your looks you are giving1 8,by ,god's grace we will60 are mingled with the sounds of the far past1 and in their place rises the word1 half song1 half benediction1 8,glory to ,god6 we have done it40 ,to those high seats we are moving2 for that good word we are working and waiting4 ,,receipts ,,for ,,september1 #ahhj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,maine1 #aeb4ed4 ,augusta4 ,john ,dorr1 #ae2 ,deacon ,joel ,spaulding1 #e #bj4jj ,bangor4 ,hammond ,st4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ajj4jj ,hampden4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4hf ,hallowell4 ,m4 ,e4 ,w4 #j4ej ,north ,bridgton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #g4jj ,norway4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #ah4ah ,,new ,,hampshire1 #hid4ci4 ,acworth4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ad4he ,atkinson4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #f4jj ,bristol4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #c4bb ,brookline4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aj4jj ,concord4 8,a ,friend10 #a4jj ,derry4 ,first ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #bj1 for ,student ,aid1 ,talladega ,c42--,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ae #ce4jj ,durham4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #h4jj ,fitzwilliam4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bh4ej ,gilmanton ,iron ,works4 ,cent4 ,charitable ,soc4 of ,cong4 ,ch4 #g4ej ,goffstown4 ,mrs4 ,mary ,a4 ,stinson #e4jj ,haverhill4 ,eliza ,cross #b4jj ,hillsborough ,centre4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #c4jj ,keene4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #gi4hf ,mason4 ,ladies1 for ,wilmington1 ,n4 ,c4 #g4ej ,meredith ,village4 ,cong4 ,ch4 to const4 ,,mrs4 ,,irene ,,smith1 ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,merrimack4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ag4fe ,milford4 ,,estate of ,mrs4 ,rhoda ,b4 ,hutchinson1 by ,rev4 ,e4 ,h4 ,greeley #djj4jj ,mount ,vernon4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ab4bd ,nelson4 ,dea4 ,a4 ,e4 ,w4 #a4jj ,new ,boston4 ,levi ,hooper #ajj4jj ,pelham4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #cb4cg ,pittsfield4 8,a ,friend10 #c4jj ,reed's ,ferry4 ,miss ,h4 ,mc,m4 #j4ej ,rindge4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #a4ge ,swanzey4 ,miss ,m4 ,w4 #a4jj ,thornton's ,ferry4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,r4 and ,mrs4 ,h4 ,n4 ,e41 #ej;c4 ea4 #a4jj ,warner4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bc4ab ,westmoreland4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #g4cc ,wilton4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #eb4jj ,,vermont1 #a1hdd4ee4 ,burlington4 ,sarah ,parker #b4jj ,chester4 8,a ,friend0 #ae4jj ,cornwall4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,ellsworth #b4jj ,bridport4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ah4jj ,coventry4 ,moses ,c4 ,pearson #e4jj ,danville4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #aj4jj ,dummerston4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4jf ,east ,st4 ,johnsbury4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #bb4ej2 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,l41 #be;c4 #bb4ge ,enosburgh4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ag4jj ,grafton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ab4jj ,jamaica4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,montgomery ,centre4 ,heman ,hopkins #c4jj ,morrisville4 ,mrs4 ,hannah ,e4 ,bailey #b4jj ,north ,craftsbury4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bc4jj ,pittsfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ab4jj ,ripton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4db ,royalton4 ,a4 ,w4 ,kenney #aj4jj ,saint ,johnsbury4 8,friends of ,missions0 #a1jjj4jj ,saint ,johnsbury4 ,north ,cong4 ,ch4 #bcj4jj ,saint ,johnsbury ,centr4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #b4be ,sheldon4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jg ,springfield4 8,a ,friend10 #bjj2 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,parks1 #ajj2 ,cong24 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #bh #cbh4jj ,west ,dover4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,westminster4 8,a ,thank ,offering0 #a4jj ,west ,salisbury4 ,mrs4 ,esther ,spencer #e4jj ,west ,wardsborough4 ,mrs4 ,t4 ,w4 #a4jj ,woodstock4 ,hon4 ,frederick ,billings #ajj4jj ,,massachusetts1 #c1dfi4cj4 ,amherst4 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,a4 ,lester #ej4jj ,amesbury4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ab4jj ,ayer4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,a4 ,spaulding #ej4jj ,barre4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #bd4jg1 and ,sab4 ,sch41 #bi4ed2 ,evan4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #ba4bf #gd4hg ,bernardston4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4ej ,boston4 ,miss ,e4 ,p4 #j4ej ,boston ,highlands4 ,highlands ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #gf4bd ,brimfield4 ,ladies' ,charitable ,soc4 ,bbl4 of ,c4 and #b for freight1 for ,savannah1 ,ga4 #b4jj ,brocton4 ,porter ,evan4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ba4gj ,brookfield4 ,evan4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #fj4jj ,brookline4 ,harvard ,cong4 ,ch41 #hd4hd2 ,wm4 ,h4 ,white1 #aj #id4hd ,cambridge4 ,geo4 ,f4 ,wade #be4jj ,cambridgeport4 ,pilgrim ,cong4 ,ch41 ,mon4 ,con4 ,coll4 #h4jf ,charlton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ad2 ,clarissa ,case1 #e #ai4jj ,chelsea4 ,anna ,f4 ,page1 #e2 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,e4 ,p41 #ej;c4 #e4ej ,dorchester4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #a1aab4id ,douglass4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,dow #e4jj ,east ,hawley4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #g4be ,east ,wareham4 ,m4 ,f4 ,j4 ,h4 ,martin #aj4jj ,enfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #de4jj ,georgetown4 8,a ,friend0 #aj4jj ,grantville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #fi4bi ,great ,barrington4 ,a4 ,c4 ,t4 #a4jj ,greenfield4 ,jeanette ,thompson #e4jj ,holland4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #i4jj ,holliston4 ,h4 ,b4 #a4jj ,lancaster4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #df4cb ,lexington4 ,hancock ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4ei ,malden4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ch4jb ,marlborough4 ,union ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ef4jj ,medford4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,l4 ,cummings1 ,bbl4 of ,c4 and #b1 for freight1 for ,talladega1 ,ala4 #b4jj ,melrose4 ,orth4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #dj4ca ,middleborough4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #h4da ,milford4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ch4dj ,monson4 ,e4 ,f4 ,morris #ej4jj ,newbury4 ,first ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #aj4ge ,north ,andover4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #fj4jj ,north ,brookfield4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 ad'l to const4 ,,rev4 ,s4 ,p4 ,,wilder and ,,mrs4 ,,jennie ,,watson ,,wilder1 ,l4 ,m's #ej4jj ,north ,chelmsford4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bi4jj ,north ,hadley4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4ef ,north ,reading4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 ,mon4 ,con4 ,coll4 #d4jj ,norton4 ,trin4 ,ch41 by 8,e4 ,b4 ,w410 #ajj2 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #e4ej #aje4ej ,orange4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,m4 #a4jj ,petersham4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #c4bj ,reading4 ,bethesda ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #aea4db 7#ajj of which for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta1 ,ga417 ,bethesda ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #be #agf4db ,rockland4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ge4jj ,rockport4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,talladega ,c4 #dj4jj ,salem4 ,tabernacle ,sab4 ,sch41 #bj1 and ,infant ,class1 #ad1 for ,student ,aid1 ,talladega ,c4 #cd4jj ,sandwich4 ,mrs4 ,joseph ,french #e4jj ,sherborn4 8,a ,friend0 #c4jj ,south ,hadley ,falls4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bj4jj ,south ,weymouth4 ,second ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 ,miss ,grover's ,class1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #g4jj ,springfield4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,c4 ,hunt #e4jj ,sudbury4 ,ladies ,miss4 ,soc41 ,b4 of ,c4 and #b4ej for freight1 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 #b4ej ,taunton4 ,winslow ,ch4 #bi4jj ,templeton4 ,trin4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #h4bb ,topsfield4 ,charles ,herrick #bj4jj ,upton4 ,miss ,m4 ,e4 ,c4 #a4jj ,walpole4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,f4 ,m4 #a4jj ,waltham4 ,r4 ,c4 #a4jj ,wayland4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,worcester4 ,david ,whitcomb1 #fjj1 ,g4 ,henry ,whitcomb1 #ajj #gjj4jj ,worcester4 ,salem ,st4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4da ,,rhode ,,island1 #de4ef4 ,east ,providence4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4ef ,providence4 ,dea4 ,w4 ,s4 ,king1 #bj1 ,g4 ,h4 ,dart1 #e1 for ,talladega ,c4 #be4jj ,,connecticut1 #b1dad4hf4 ,berlin4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4ie ,cheshire4 8,a ,friend10 #bj2 ,cong4 ,ch41 #ah4id #ch4id ,chester4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ej4eg ,eastford4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4jj ,east ,hartford4 ,first ,ch4 #bj4jj ,east ,windsor4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #i4jj ,ellington4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ea4ee ,farmington4 ,cong4 ,ch4 ,quar4 ,coll4 7#ej1 of which from ,h4 ,d4 ,hawley1 and #c for ,woman's ,work for ,woman7 #aab4jd ,franklin4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ad4ah ,griswold4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #dj4jj ,gurleyville4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4gd ,hanover4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ag4ih ,hartford4 ,newton ,case1 #ajj1 for ,talladega1 ,c42--,dr4 ,john ,r4 ,lee1 #de #ade4jj ,lisbon4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4ha ,mansfield ,centre4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,m4 ,dewey1 #be2 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,swift1 #aj2 ,mon4 ,conn4 ,coll41 #d2 for ,talladega ,c42--,h4 ,d4 ,r41 #a #dj4jj ,meriden ,centre4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ah4jj ,monroe4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #f4jj ,new ,haven4 ,e4 ,pendleton #ae4jj ,new ,london4 ,first ,ch4 #hc4id ,north ,woodstock4 ,rev4 ,f4 ,v4 ,tenney #e4jj ,norwich4 ,,estate of ,samuel ,c4 ,morgan1 by ,lewis ,a4 ,hyde1 ,ex4 #gc4ga ,norwich4 ,park ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 ,weekly ,offering 7bal47 #ahf4ii ,plainfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 to const4 ,,margaret ,e4 ,,kinnie1 ,l4 ,m4 #cc4ge ,preston ,city4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ca4jj ,salisbury4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,m4 ,b4 #a4jj ,saybrook4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4aa ,scotland4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aj4jj ,south ,glastonbury4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4bf ,southport4 8,a ,friend0 #ej4jj ,thomaston4 ,cong4 ,soc4 #ai4ib ,vernon4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,p4 ,hammond #aj4jj ,wallingford4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #de4ce ,watertown4 ,,estate of ,jeremiah ,barnes1 by ,a4 ,m4 ,hungerford1 ,m4 ,d41 ,ex4 #ajj4jj ,wauregan4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ac4jj ,west ,hartford4 ,charles ,boswell #bej4jj ,west ,winsted4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ah4jg ,winsted4 8,friends0 #ej4jj ---- 8,a ,friend10 for ,talladega ,c4 #ejj4jj ---- 8,a ,friend0 #bjj4jj ---- 8,a ,connecticut ,friend10 for ,talladega ,c4 #ej4jj ---- 8,a ,friend0 #ej4jj ,,new ,,york1 #gji4fa4 ,amsterdam4 ,s4 ,louise ,bell #e4jj ,brooklyn4 ,miss ,m4 ,e4 ,horton1 #e1 ,rev4 ,s4 ,b4 ,halliday1 bundle of books and newspapers #e4jj ,cortland4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,b4 ,dean #e4jj ,ellington4 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,b4 ,rice #aj4jj ,gerry4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,sears #abh4cf ,gloversville4 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,h4 #a4jj ,granby ,centre4 ,j4 ,c4 ,harrington #aj4jj ,hamilton4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,k4 ,bardin #e4jj ,harlem4 8,j4 ,d40 #cjj4jj ,morrisville4 ,dea4 ,a4 ,b4 ,de,forest1 for ,talladega ,c4 #bf4jj ,new ,york4 ,c4 ,t4 ,christensen1 #be1 ,robbins ,battell1 #bj1 for repairs ,talladega ,c42--8,a4 ,p4 ,d40 #aj #ee4jj ,orient4 ,miss ,h4 ,m4 ,w4 #a4jj ,owego4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,b4 ,turner1 two packages of religious newspapers ,seneca ,falls4 ,cong4 ,ch4 8,a ,friend10 #ej4jj ,sherburne4 ,homer ,c4 ,newton1 #aa1 ,mrs4 ,fanny ,rexford1 #aj1 for ,talladega ,c4 #ba4jj ,south ,edmeston4 8,three ,friends10 for ,talladega ,c4 #c4jj ,syracuse4 ,m4 ,w4 ,hanchett1 #be2 ,rev4 ,j4 ,c4 ,holbrook1 ,d4 ,d41 #aj #ce4jj ,union ,valley4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,angel #aj4jj ,westmoreland4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #d4be ----4 8,a ,friend0 #be4jj ----4 8,a ,friend0 #aj4jj ,,new ,,jersey1 #ce4fj4 ,chester4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #ai4fj ,east ,orange4 ,g4 ,a4 ,t4 #a4jj ,elizabeth4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jj ,newark4 ,mrs4 ,abby ,white #e4jj ,paterson4 ,p4 ,van ,houten #e4jj ,,pennsylvania1 #agf4hi4 ,hulton4 ,coll4 ,u4 ,p4 ,ch41 #bj1 ,w4 ,w4 ,grier1 #aj4gg1 for ,student ,aid #cj4gg ,philadelphia4 ,central ,cong4 ,ch4 #adc4gb ,sewickly4 8,e4 ,h4 ,t401 for ,woman's ,work for ,woman #j4dj ,worth4 ,john ,burgess #b4jj ,,ohio1 #deh4bd4 ,andover4 ,o4 ,b4 ,case #aj4jj ,beloit4 ,j4 ,s4 and ,m4 ,h4 #ej;c4 ea4 #a4jj ,berea4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #d4cf ,cincinnati4 ,g4 ,w4 ,f4 #a4jj ,cleveland4 ,euclid ,ave4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #ae4eh1 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #ad #bi4eh ,fredericktown4 ,a4 ,h4 ,royce #aj4jj ,garretsville4 ,,harvey ,,pike1 to const4 himself ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,gomer4 ,welsh ,cong4 ,ch4 #ej4ca ,jersey4 ,mrs4 ,lucinda ,sinnett #ab4jj ,lafayette4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4cd ,lenox4 ,a4 ,j4 ,holman #aj4jj ,mecca4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4jj ,medina4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 to const4 ,c4 ,j4 ,,ryder1 ,l4 ,m4 #cg4de ,newark4 ,welsh ,cong4 ,ch4 #ab4ha ,new ,richland4 ,elizabeth ,johnston #b4jj ,norwalk4 8,a ,friend0 #e4jj ,oberlin4 ,ladies of ,second ,cong4 ,ch41 by ,mrs4 ,dr4 ,allen1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,atlanta1 ,ga41 #ge2--,second ,cong4 ,ch41 #bj4dh #ie4dh ,plainsville4 ,c4 ,o4 ,h4 #j4ej ,plain4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #aj1 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc4 of ,cong4 ,ch41 #ad4ej #bd4ej ,saint ,clairsville4 ,wm4 ,lee1 ,sr4 #b4jj ,saybrook4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7in part71 #bj1 by ,rev4 ,a4 ,d4 ,barber2--,district ,no4 #c1 #aj1 for ,student ,aid2 8,a ,friend10 #a4be1 for new building1 ,tougaloo ,inst41 by ,miss ,e4 ,a4 ,johnson #ca4be ,sheffield4 ,by ,wm4 ,a4 ,day #h4jj ,steuben4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,m4 ,a4 #a4jj ,twinsburgh4 ,l4 ,w4 and ,r4 ,f4 ,green #e4jj ,wellington4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ej4jj ,york4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ab4ff ,youngstown4 8,a ,friend0 #a4jj ,,indiana1 #be4ch4 ,bloomfield4 8,friends0 for ,mc,leansville1 ,n4 ,c4 #j4cj ,cincinnati4 8,friends0 for ,mc,leansville1 ,n4 ,c4 #j4cj ,solsberry4 8,friends0 for ,mc,leansville1 ,n4 ,c4 #h4gb ,south ,bend4 ,r4 ,burroughs #aj4jj ,stanford4 8,friends0 for ,mc,leansville1 ,n4 ,c4 #f4jf ,,illinois1 #gcj4ea4 ,amboy4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #bc4dj ,avon4 ,mrs4 ,celinda ,wood and 8,friend10 #b4ej ea4 #e4jj ,bunker ,hill4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #bg4hj ,chicago4 ,dr4 ,wm4 ,converse1 #aj2 ,lincoln ,park ,ch4 7ad'l7 #f2 ,mrs4 ,willard ,cook1 #e2 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,c4 ,s41 #a #bb4jj ,collinsville4 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,s4 ,peers1 #aj2 ,j4 ,a4 ,wadsworth and wife1 #aj #bj4jj ,concord4 ,j4 ,j4 ,t4 #j4ej ,danville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7ad'l7 #f4jj ,deer ,park4 ,a4 ,w4 ,day #e4jj ,elgin4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #fa4ag2 ,w4 ,g4 ,hubbard1 #dj #aja4ag ,farmington4 ,phineas ,chapman #fj4jj ,geneseo4 ,henry ,nourse1 #ej1 for ,talladega ,c42 ,mrs4 ,lucy ,b4 ,perry1 #e #ee4jj ,gridley4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4jj ,jacksonville4 ,thomas ,w4 and ,malvina ,c4 ,melendy #ae4jj ,joliet4 ,,william ,c4 ,,stevens1 bal4 to const4 himself ,l4 ,m4 #aj4jj ,kewanee4 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc41 by ,mrs4 ,c4 ,c4 ,cully1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,liberty ,co41 ,ga4 #bf4gc ,lake ,forest4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,a4 ,nichols #e4jj ,lyndon4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jj ,oak ,park4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7in part7 #ce4he ,peoria4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aah4eh ,plainfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #af4ge ,plymouth4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4cj ,princeton4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,r4 ,clapp #cj4jj ,prospect ,park4 ,mrs4 ,emma ,lloyd #e4jj ,ridgefield4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,o4 #a4jj ,rockton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4bj ,saint ,charles4 ,ladies' ,miss4 ,soc4 #e4jj ,shabbona4 ,cong4 ,ch41 to const4 ,,mrs4 ,,elizabeth ,,greenfield1 ,l4 ,m4 #cd4de ,sheffield4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 7#bj of which for ,lady ,missionary1 ,liberty ,co41 ,ga47 #cj4jj ,springfield4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 to const4 ,,walter ,,sanders1 ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,stillman ,valley4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #i4gh ,toulon4 ,miss ,e4 ,m4 #a4jj ,,michigan1 #a1cei4ie4 ,alpena4 8,s4 ,d4 ,h40 7of which #ajj1 for ed4 of ,indian girls and boys1 and #ajj for ,woman's ,work for ,woman7 #ejj4jj ,benzonia4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #bg4fi ,chelsea4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ba4ej ,detroit4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #bdi4ab2 ,rev4 ,f4 ,t4 ,bayley1 #bj #bfi4ab ,galesburgh4 ,p4 ,h4 ,whitford #ge4jj ,hopkins4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #h4jj ,kalamazoo4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aa4cj ,laingsburg4 ,rev4 ,fayette ,hurd #e4jj ,milford4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,g4 #a4jj ,olivet4 ,samuel ,f4 ,drury1 for ,straight ,u4 #aj4jj ,pent ,water4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #g4jj ,south ,haven4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #h4ge2 ,c4 ,pierce1 #e #ac4ge ,summit4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4ei ,union ,city4 8,a ,friend0 #djj4jj ,vassar4 ,mrs4 ,o4 ,w4 ,selden #b4jj ,warren4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,l4 ,beebe #b4jj ,,wisconsin1 #abh4ia4 ,alderley4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,hubbard #h4ej ,beloit4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4jj ,boscobel4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4jj ,bristol and ,paris4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #be4jj ,fort ,howard4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #bd4jj ,geneva ,lake4 ,presb4 ,ch4 #cj4ia ,ripon4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,e4 ,u4 #j4ej ,shopierre4 ,john ,h4 ,cooper #e4jj ,union ,grove4 ,rev4 ,james ,a4 ,chamberlain #e4jj ,,iowa1 #ccf4ic4 ,amity4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4jj ,atlantic4 ,mrs4 ,milo ,whiting1 #aj1 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #f #af4jj ,burlington4 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,b4 ,n4 and ,mrs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,g41 #ej;c4 ea4 #a4jj ,chester4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ba4jj ,clinton4 ,w4 ,r4 #a4jj ,columbus ,city4 ,mrs4 ,sarah ,e4 ,evans #c4ef ,davenport4 ,edwards ,cong4 ,ch4 #ajj4jj ,des ,moines4 8,friends10 for ,talladega ,c4 #cb4fj ,de ,witt4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #bb4bc1 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #d4gi #bg4jb ,grinnell4 8,friends0 #ee1 ,collected by ,miss ,mary ,magoun1 for ,le ,moyne ,ind4 ,sch4--,miss ,s4 ,whitcomb's ,s4 ,s4 ,class1 #a1 for ,talladega ,c4 #ef4jj ,iowa ,city4 ,d4 ,w4 ,c4 ,clapp1 #be4jj1 ,j4 ,s4 ,turner1 #e1 for ,talladega ,c4 #cj4jj ,keokuk4 ,f4 ,n4 ,french #aj4jj ,postville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4ge ,red ,oak4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ae4jj ,tabor4 8,a ,friend0 #a4jj ,tipton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4jj ,,missouri1 #i4aj4 ,amity4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7ad'l7 #b4fj ,kahoka4 ,dea4 ,moses ,allen #a4ej ,laclede4 8,e4 ,d4 ,s4 and ,s4 ,a4 ,s40 #e4jj ,,kansas1 #aj4jj4 ,osawatomie4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4jj ,,minnesota1 #fi4hc4 ,cannon ,falls4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #g4hh ,medford4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #d4jj ,minneapolis4 ,plymouth ,ch41 #db4fg2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #aa4gh #ed4de ,rushford4 ,wm4 ,w4 ,snell #a4ej ,saint ,paul4 ,anna ,baker #b4jj ,,nebraska1 #ai4jj4 ,beatrice4 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,f4 ,hotchkiss #e4jj ,columbus4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #c4ej2 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,t4 ,c41 #ej;c4 #d4jj ,exeter4 ,mission ,band1 8,cheerful ,givers10 ,cong4 ,ch41 by ,florence ,dean #e4jj ,omaha4 ,mrs4 ,nancy ,m4 ,tracy #e4jj ,,arkansas1 #ej;c4 ,washington4 ,miss ,j4 ,r4 ,m4 #j4ej ,,district ,,of ,,columbia1 #ch4jj4 ,washington4 8,m4 ,s4 ,c410 #bj2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #ah #ch4jj ,,maryland1 #aj4jj4 ,federalsburg4 ,sarah ,a4 ,beals #aj4jj ,,tennessee1 #b4jj4 ,nashville4 ,individuals1 by ,h4 ,c4 ,gray #b4jj ,,alabama1 #aec4gj4 ,montgomery4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #add4jj ,selma4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #i4gj ,,north ,,carolina1 #b4ej4 ,raleigh4 ,tuition #b4ej ,,south ,,carolina1 #gg4fe4 ,charleston4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #df4fe2 8,friends10 by ,rev4 ,temple ,cutler1 #ca #gg4fe ,,texas1 #a4jj4 ,paris4 ,sab4 ,sch41 by ,rev4 ,j4 ,w4 ,roberts1 for ,mendi ,m4 #a4jj ,,income ,,fund1 #d1aih4jj4 ,avery ,fund1 for ,mendi ,m4 #c1ach4jj ,le ,moyne ,fund #ffj4jj ,c4 ,f4 ,hammond ,fund #cjj4jj ,c4 ,f4 ,dike ,fund1 for ,straight ,u4 #ej4jj ,general ,fund #ej4jj ---------------- ---- #j4ej ---------------- ,total for ,sept4 #ag1cge4jj ,total from ,oct4 #ast to ,sept4 #cjth #agh1cdd4fa 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,tillotson ,,collegiate ,,and ,,normal ,,inst41 ,,austin1 ,,texas4 ,exeter1 ,n4 ,h4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,f4 ,odlin and ,miss ,e4 ,bell1 ,box of ,bedding and #b for ,freight #b4jj ,hampton1 ,n4 ,h4 ,woman's ,missionary ,soc41 by ,mrs4 ,l4 ,e4 ,dow1 #ac and ,box of ,bedding1 value #ai4ej #ac4jj ,andover1 ,mass4 ,john ,smith #bej4jj ,florence1 ,mass4 ,a4 ,l4 ,williston #ejj4jj ,holliston1 ,mass4 ,ladies' ,benev4 ,society of ,cong4 ,ch41 by ,mrs4 ,j4 ,a4 ,johnson1 ,sec4 #ab4jj ,hopkinton1 ,mass4 ,ladies1 by ,mrs4 ,sarah ,b4 ,crooks1 #be2 and ,bbl4 of ,bedding1 val4 #be #be4jj ,northampton1 ,mass4 ,ladies of ,first ,church1 by ,miss ,wright #be4jj ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,c4 ,dewing #be4jj ,jewett ,city1 ,conn4 ,ladies' ,sewing ,soc41 #ab4be and ,box of ,bedding2 8,friends10 #hj vols4 for ,library #ab4be ,norwich1 ,conn4 8,a ,friend0 #djj4jj ,plantsville1 ,conn4 ,ladies' ,industrial ,soc41 ,bundle of ,bedding4 ,putnam1 ,conn4 ,ladies of ,second ,cong4 ,ch41 by ,mrs4 ,geo4 ,buck1 #cg4dj1 and ,box of ,bedding1 with #cj vols4 for ,library #cg4dj ,round ,hill1 ,conn4 ,mrs4 ,charles ,knapp #b4jj ,wethersfield1 ,conn4 ,ladies1 by ,mrs4 ,e4 ,john1 #bh and ,box of ,bedding1 value #ag4ej2 ,rev4 ,a4 ,c4 ,adams1 #ej vols4 for ,library #bh4jj ,sag ,harbor1 ,n4 ,y4 8,a few ,ladies10 by ,mrs4 ,a4 ,e4 ,westfall #be4jj ------------------ ,total #a1cef4fe ,previously acknowledged in ,august receipts #f1bch4jj ------------------ ,total #g1eid4fe 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,school ,,building1 ,,athens1 ,,ala4 ,fredonia1 ,n4 ,y4 8,friends0 #cj4jj ,jamestown1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mrs4 ,bly's ,s4 ,s4 ,class #aj4jj ,mansfield1 ,ohio4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #be4jj ,new ,albany1 ,ind4 ,mrs4 ,sarah ,conner #e4jj ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,mrs4 ,z4 ,eddy1 #c2 ,mrs4 ,warner1 #e #h4jj ,memphis1 ,mich4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #e4jj ,portland1 ,mich4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,l4 ,maile #f4jj ,vermontville1 ,mich4 ,mrs4 ,h41 #a1 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,c41 #a #b4jj ,selma1 ,ala4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #be4jj -------------- ,total #aaf4jj ,previously acknowledged in ,august receipts #ihj4ja ------------------ ,total #a1jif4ja 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,negro ,,refugees4 ,received from ,oct4 #ast to ,sept4 #cjth #ddd4ge ---------------------- ,total amount from ,oct4 #ast to ,sept4 #cjth1 #ahhj #ahg1dhj4jb 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,missions ,,in ,,africa4 ,received from ,oct4 #ast to ,sept4 #cjth #f1egf4dh 99 99 99 99 99 ,,stone ,,fund4 ,received from ,mrs4 ,valeria ,g4 ,stone1 ,malden1 ,mass41 at the hands of ,messrs4 ,p4 ,s4 ,page1 ,i4 ,m4 ,cutler1 and ,w4 ,h4 ,wilcox1 ,trustees1 for the benefit of the ,educational ,institutions under the care of the ,association #aej1jjj4jj 99 99 99 99 99 ,,avery ,,fund4 ,amount received from ,executor #djh4ib -------------- ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,treas4 #ef ,reade ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,constitution of the ,american ,missionary ,association4 ,,incorporated ,,january #cj1 #ahdi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,art4 ,i4 ,this ,society shall be called 8,,the ,,american ,,missionary ,,association40 ,,art4 ,,ii4 ,the object of this ,association shall be to conduct ,christian missionary and educational operations1 and diffuse a knowledge of the ,holy ,scriptures in our own and other countries which are destitute of them1 or which present open and urgent fields of effort4 ,,art4 ,,iii4 ,any person of evangelical sentiments1,a who professes faith in the ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 who is not a slaveholder1 or in the practice of other immoralities1 and who contributes to the funds1 may become a member of the ,society2 and by the payment of thirty dollars1 a life member2 provided that children and others who have not professed their faith may be constituted life members without the privilege of voting4 ,,art4 ,,iv4 ,this ,society shall meet annually1 in the month of ,september1 ,october or ,november1 for the election of officers and the transaction of other business1 at such time and place as shall be designated by the ,executive ,committee4 ,,art4 ,v4 ,the annual meeting shall be constituted of the regular officers and members of the ,society at the time of such meeting1 and of delegates from churches1 local missionary societies1 and other co-operating bodies1 each body being entitled to one representative4 ,,art4 ,,vi4 ,the officers of the ,society shall be a ,president1 ,vice-,presidents1 a ,recording ,secretary1 ,corresponding ,secretaries1 ,treasurer1 two ,auditors1 and an ,executive ,committee of not less than twelve1 of which the ,corresponding ,secretaries shall be advisory1 and the ,treasurer ex-officio1 members4 ,,art4 ,,vii4 ,to the ,executive ,committee shall belong the collecting and disbursing of funds2 the appointing1 counselling1 sustaining and dismissing 7for just and sufficient reasons7 missionaries and agents2 the selection of missionary fields2 and1 in general1 the transaction of all such business as usually appertains to the executive committees of missionary and other benevolent societies2 the ,committee to exercise no ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the missionaries2 and its doings to be subject always to the revision of the annual meeting1 which shall1 by a reference mutually chosen1 always entertain the complaints of any aggrieved agent or missionary2 and the decision of such reference shall be final4 ,the ,executive ,committee shall have authority to fill all vacancies occurring among the officers between the regular annual meetings2 to apply1 if they see fit1 to any ,state ,legislature for acts of incorporation2 to fix the compensation1 where any is given1 of all officers1 agents1 missionaries1 or others in the employment of the ,society2 to make provision1 if any1 for disabled missionaries1 and for the widows and children of such as are deceased2 and to call1 in all parts of the country1 at their discretion1 special and general conventions of the friends of missions1 with a view to the diffusion of the missionary spirit1 and the general and vigorous promotion of the missionary work4 ,five members of the ,committee shall constitute a quorum for transacting business4 ,,art4 ,,viii4 ,this society1 in collecting funds1 in appointing officers1 agents and missionaries1 and in selecting fields of labor1 and conducting the missionary work1 will endeavor particularly to discountenance slavery1 by refusing to receive the known fruits of unrequited labor1 or to welcome to its employment those who hold their fellow-beings as slaves4 ,,art4 ,,ix4 ,missionary bodies1 churches or individuals agreeing to the principles of this ,society1 and wishing to appoint and sustain missionaries of their own1 shall be entitled to do so through the agency of the ,executive ,committee1 on terms mutually agreed upon4 ,,art4 ,x4 ,no amendment shall be made to this ,constitution without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at a regular annual meeting2 nor unless the proposed amendment has been submitted to a previous meeting1 or to the ,executive ,committee in season to be published by them 7as it shall be their duty to do1 if so submitted7 in the regular official notifications of the meeting4 ,,footnote3 ,a ,by evangelical sentiments1 we understand1 among others1 a belief in the guilty and lost condition of all men without a ,saviour2 the ,supreme ,deity1 ,incarnation and ,atoning ,sacrifice of ,jesus ,christ1 the only ,saviour of the world2 the necessity of regeneration by the ,holy ,spirit1 repentance1 faith and holy obedience in order to salvation2 the immortality of the soul2 and the retributions of the judgment in the eternal punishment of the wicked1 and salvation of the righteous4 ,the ,american ,missionary ,association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,aim ,,and ,,work4 ,to preach the ,gospel to the poor4 ,it originated in a sympathy with the almost friendless slaves4 ,since ,emancipation it has devoted its main efforts to preparing the ,,freedmen for their duties as citizens and ,christians in ,america and as missionaries in ,africa4 ,as closely related to this1 it seeks to benefit the caste-persecuted ,,chinese in ,america1 and to co-operate with the ,government in its humane and ,christian policy towards the ,,indians4 ,it has also a mission in ,,africa4 ,,statistics4 ,,churches3 ,in the ,south--in ,va41 #a2 ,n4 ,c41 #f2 ,s4 ,c41 #b2 ,ga41 #ac2 ,ky41 #f2 ,tenn41 #d2 ,ala41 #ad2 ,la41 #ag2 ,miss41 #d2 ,texas1 #f4 ,africa1 #b4 ,among the ,indians1 #a4 ,total #gf4 ,,institutions ,,founded1 ,,fostered ,,or ,,sustained ,,in ,,the ,,south4--,chartered3 ,hampton1 ,va42 ,berea1 ,ky42 ,talladega1 ,ala41 ,atlanta1 ,ga42 ,nashville1 ,tenn42 ,tougaloo1 ,miss41 ,new ,orleans1 ,la42 and ,austin1 ,texas1 #h4 ,graded or ,normal ,schools3 at ,wilmington1 ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c42 ,charleston1 ,greenwood1 ,s4 ,c42 ,savannah1 ,macon1 ,atlanta1 ,ga42 ,montgomery1 ,mobile1 ,athens1 ,selma1 ,ala42 ,memphis1 ,tenn41 #ab4 ,other ,schools1 #bd4 ,total #dd4 ,,teachers1 ,,missionaries ,,and ,,assistants4--,among the ,freedmen1 #bhd2 among the ,chinese1 #bb2 among the ,indians1 #aa2 in ,africa1 #ac4 ,total1 #ccj4 ,,students--,in ,theology1 #ajb2 ,law1 #bc2 in ,college ,course1 #ge2 in other studies1 #g1heb4 ,total1 #h1jeb4 ,scholars taught by former pupils of our schools1 estimated at #aej1jjj4 ,,indians under the care of the ,association1 #ac1jjj4 ,,wants4 #a4 ,a steady ,,increase of regular income to keep pace with the growing work4 ,this increase can only be reached by regular and larger contributions from the churches--the feeble as well as the strong4 #b4 ,,additional ,,buildings for our higher educational institutions1 to accommodate the increasing numbers of students2 ,,meeting ,,houses for the new churches we are organizing2 ,,more ,,ministers1 cultured and pious1 for these churches4 #c4 ,,help ,,for ,,young ,,men1 to be educated as ministers here and missionaries to ,africa--a pressing want4 ,before sending boxes1 always correspond with the nearest ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 office1 as below3 ,,new ,,york ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,esq41 #ef ,reade ,street4 ,,boston ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,woodworth1 ,room #ba ,congregational ,house4 ,,chicago ,rev4 ,jas4 ,powell1 #aab ,west ,washington ,street4 ,,magazine4 ,this ,magazine will be sent1 gratuitously1 if desired1 to the ,missionaries of the ,association2 to ,life ,members2 to all clergymen who take up collections for the ,association2 to ,superintendents of ,sabbath ,schools2 to ,college ,libraries2 to ,theological ,seminaries2 to ,societies of ,inquiry on ,missions2 and to every donor who does not prefer to take it as a subscriber1 and contributes in a year not less than five dollars4 ,those who wish to remember the ,,american ,,missionary ,,association in their last ,will and ,testament1 are earnestly requested to use the following ,,form ,,of ,a ,,bequest4 8,i ,,bequeath to my executor 7or executors7 the sum of ---- dollars in trust1 to pay the same in ---- days after my decease to the person who1 when the same is payable1 shall act as ,treasurer of the #8,american ,missionary ,association' of ,new ,york ,city1 to be applied1 under the direction of the ,executive ,committee of the ,association1 to its charitable uses and purposes40 ,the will should be attested by three witnesses in some ,states three are required--in other ,states only two1 who should write against their names1 their places of residence if in cities1 their street and number4 ,the following form of attestation will answer for every ,state in the ,union3 8,signed1 sealed1 published and declared by the said ,a4 ,b4 as his last ,will and ,testament1 in presence of us1 who1 at the request of the said ,a4 ,b41 and in his presence1 and in the presence of each other1 have hereunto subscribed our names as witnesses40 ,in some ,states it is required that the ,will should be made at least two months before the death of the testator4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,payson',s ,indelible ,ink1 ,,for ,,marking ,,any ,,fabric ,,with ,a ,,common ,,pen1 ,,without ,a ,,preparation4 ,it still stands unrivaled after #ej years' test1 ,,the ,,simplest ,,best4 ,sales now greater than ever before4 ,this ,ink received the ,diploma and ,medal at ,centennial over all rivals4 ,report of ,judges3 8,for simplicity of application and indelibility40 ,,inquire ,,for ,,payson',s ,,combination666 ,sold by all ,druggists1 ,stationers and ,news ,agents1 and by many ,fancy ,goods and ,furnishing ,houses4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,important ,,to ,,clergymen40 ,prince's ,improved ,fountain ,pen4 ,illustration3 ,,cap ,,the ,,handle ,,contains ,,the ,,ink ,as now improved1 saves one-third the time4 8,if ,i were bereft of it1 ,i should feel myself bereft of my right hand40--,,rev4 ,,lyman ,,abbott1 ,ed4 ,ch4 ,union ,can be sent by mail in a registered letter4 ,send for circulars4 ,manufactured by ,,john ,s4 ,,purdy1 #bab ,broadway1 ,cor4 ,fulton ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,and ,,improved ,,styles ,,this ,,season4 ,,mason ,,and ,,hamlin ,,organs ,,best ,,in ,,the ,,world3 winners of highest distinction at ,,every ,,great ,,world',s ,,fair ,,for ,,thirteen ,,years4 ,prices1 #ea1 #eg1 #ff1 #hd1 #ajh1 to #ejh and upward4 ,for easy payments1 #f4cj a quarter and upward4 ,catalogues free4 ,,mason ,,hamlin ,,organ ,,co41 #aed ,tremont ,street1 ,boston2 #df ,east #adth ,street1 ,,new ,,york2 #adi ,wabash ,ave41 ,,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j4 ,r4 ,,lamb1 #ei ,carmine ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,church ,,furnishers ,illustration ,memorial ,windows1 ,memorial ,tablets1 ,sterling ,silver ,communion ,services4 ,,send ,,for ,,circular4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,clinton ,h4 ,,meneely ,,bell ,,company1 ,successors to ,meneely ,kimberly1 ,,bell ,,founders1 ,,troy1 ,n4 ,y4 ,manufacture a superior quality of ,,bells4 ,special attention given to ,,church ,,bells4 ,catalogues sent free to parties needing bells4 99 99 99 99 99 ,brown ,brothers ,co4 #ei ,,wall ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 ,buy and ,sell ,bills of ,exchange on ,great ,britain and ,ireland1 ,france1 ,germany1 ,belgium and ,holland1 ,issue ,commercial and ,travelers' ,credits1 in ,sterling1 available in any part of the world1 and in ,francs for use in ,martinique and ,guadeloupe4 ,make ,telegraphic ,transfers of ,money ,between this and other countries1 through ,london and ,paris4 ,make ,collection of ,drafts drawn abroad in all parts of the ,united ,states and ,canada1 and of ,drafts drawn in the ,united ,states on ,foreign ,countries4 ,travelers' ,credits issued either against cash deposited or satisfactory guarantee of repayment3 ,in ,dollars for use in the ,united ,states and adjacent countries2 or in ,pounds ,sterling for use in any part of the ,world4 ,applications for credits may be addressed as above direct1 or through any first-class ,bank or ,banker4 ,,brown1 ,,shipley ,,co41 #bf ,chapel ,st41 ,liverpool4 ,,brown1 ,,shipley ,,co41 ,founder's ,court1 ,lothbury1 ,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,w4 ,b4 ,,douglas1 ,middletown1 ,conn41 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,pumps1 ,,hydraulic ,,rams1 ,,garden ,,engines1 ,,pump ,,chain ,,and ,,fixtures1 ,,iron ,,curbs1 ,,yard ,,hydrants1 ,,street ,,washers1 ,,etc4 ,illustration ,highest ,medal awarded them by the ,universal ,exposition at ,paris1 ,france1 in #ahfg2 ,vienna1 ,austria1 in #ahgc2 and ,philadelphia1 #ahgf4 ,founded in #ahcb4 ,branch ,warehouses3 #he #hg ,john ,st4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,and #aig ,lake ,street1 ,,chicago4 ,for ,sale by all ,regular ,dealers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,thirty-,,fourth ,,volume ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,missionary1 #ahhj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we have been gratified with the constant tokens of the increasing appreciation of the ,,missionary during the past year1 and purpose to spare no effort to make its pages of still greater value to those interested in the work which it records4 ,a little effort on the part of our friends1 when making their own remittances1 to induce their neighbors to unite in forming ,clubs1 will easily double our list1 and thus widen the influence of our ,magazine1 and aid in the enlargement of our work4 ,under the editorial supervision of ,rev4 ,c4 ,c4 ,,painter1 aided by the steady contributions of our intelligent ,missionaries and teachers in all parts of the field1 and with occasional communications from careful observers and thinkers elsewhere1 the ,,american ,,missionary furnishes a vivid and reliable picture of the work going forward among the ,indians1 the ,chinamen on the ,pacific ,coast1 and the ,freedmen as citizens in the ,south and as ,missionaries in ,africa4 ,it will be the vehicle of important views on all matters affecting the races among which it labors1 and will give a monthly summary of current events relating to their welfare and progress4 ,patriots and ,christians interested in the education and ,christianizing of these despised races are asked to read it1 and assist in its circulation4 ,the ,magazine will be sent gratuitously1 if preferred1 to the persons indicated on page #chd4 ,donations and subscriptions should be sent to ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,treasurer1 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,advertisers4 ,special attention is invited to the advertising department of the ,,american ,,missionary4 ,among its regular readers are thousands of ,ministers of the ,gospel1 ,presidents1 ,professors and ,teachers in ,colleges1 ,theological ,seminaries and ,schools2 it is1 therefore1 a specially valuable medium for advertising ,books1 ,periodicals1 ,newspapers1 ,maps1 ,charts1 ,institutions of ,learning1 ,church ,furniture1 ,bells1 ,household ,goods1 c4 ,advertisers are requested to note the moderate price charged for space in its columns1 considering the extent and character of its circulation4 ,advertisements must be received by the ,,tenth of the month1 in order to secure insertion in the following number4 ,all communications in relation to advertising should be addressed to ,,the ,,american ,,missionary ,,advertising ,,department1 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our friends who are interested in the ,advertising ,department of the 8,american ,missionary0 can aid us in this respect by mentioning1 when ordering goods1 that they saw them advertised in our ,magazine4 ,,david ,h4 ,,gildersleeve1 ,,printer1 #aja ,,chambers ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,obvious printer's punctuation errors have been corrected4 ,letters missing from printing1 where an empty space had been left for the letter1 were inserted4 ,inconsistent hyphenation retained due to multiple authors4