,,music ,,its ,,ma/]s ,uni=m ) ?is ,volume ,,symphonies ,,& ,,_! ,,mean+ ,,by ,,philip ,h4 ,,goepp #abmo4 #djg pages4 ,clo?1 #b4jj ,?is "w1 n[ 9 its ?ird edition1 has demon/rat$ its great usefulness4 ,tak+ up ! repres5tative symphonies ( ! great compos]s1 & illu/rat+ 8 rem>ks ) exc]pts f ! score1 ! au?or %[s ! individuality1 ! special int5tion ( ! ma/]1 &1 :]e possible1 ! und]ly+ purpose ( 8 art4 ,z an aid 9 ! /udy ( ! symphony1 & z a companion at symphony conc]ts1 ! book is )\t a rival4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wagn] ,page #acd ,by p]mission ( ,e4 ,h4 ,s*ro$]1 ,b]l9 ,,music ,,its ,,ma/]s ,,by ,o4 ,b4 ,,boise ,illu/ration ,,) ,,six ,,portraits ,,philadelphia ,,london ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company #aijb ,copyright1 #aija ,by ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott ,company ,electrotyp$ & ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,to ,,george ,w4 ,,/ockley1 ,,esq4 ,,preface ,i h endeavor$ ?r\gh %[+ ! true nature ( music1 & ! conditions t are ess5tial to its gr[? 9 bread? & significance1 to incite amateurs to a m respectful consid]ation ( its claims4 ,o4 ,b4 ,b4 ,,b]l91 ,m>* #a1 #aija4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,! ,,nature ,,& ,,orig9 ,,( ,,music #ac ,,ii4 ,,music',s ,,fir/ ,,era1 ,,& ,,! ,,influ5ces ,,:i* ,,7 ,,op]ative ,,9 ,,v>i\s ,,l&s ,,dur+ ,,its ,,cont9uance #bf ,,iii4 ,,biblical ,,m5tion ,,( ,,music #fa ,,iv4 ,,music ,,f ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,notation ,,to ,,date #hj ,v4 ,,wagn] ,,& ,,! ,,music ,,drama #acd ,,vi4 ,,:at ,,are ,,! ,,influ5c+ ,,factors ,,9 ,,decid+ ,,musical ,,de/9ies8 ,,:o ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,our ,,sev5? ,,high-,,prie/8 #afi ,,vii4 ,a ,,summ>y ,,( ,,music',s ,,attributes4 ,,:at ,,con/itutes ,,musical ,,intellig5ce8 #ahh ,,illu/rations ,,page ,,wagn] ,frontispiece ,,pale/r9a #ib ,,ba* #ii ,,bee?ov5 #ajf ,,s*ub]t #aji ,,s*umann #aad ,,music ,,its ,,ma/]s ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,nature ,,& ,,orig9 ,,( ,,music ,a glance backw>d ov] ! c\rse ( music's evolution suffices to %[ t1 until 9 v rec5t times1 x furni%es no pregnant data = ! hi/orian4 ,! fir/ era ( music's evolution began be=e ! adv5t ( hi/oric man1 = ! e>lie/ races ( :om we "k any?+ _h a well-def9$ appreciation ( its significance1 b no notewor?y l&m>ks appe> until aft] music came 9 t\* ) mod]n culture2 inde$1 no great advancem5t is traceable until aft] ! inv5tion ( notation4 ,! fir/ record ( melodies produc$ is suppos$ to h be5 made 9 ! f\r? c5tury 7,a4,d4 71--viz41 t ( ?ree ,greek hymns1--to ,apollo1 ,nemesis1 & ,calliope1--:i*1 h[ev]1 possess meagre means ( prov+ _! au!nticity4 ,f ?is %ad[y p]iod until h>monies ent] ! field1 ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s lat]1 ! hi/orian f9ds no fruitful mat]ial1 no v]ifi$ accompli%m5ts4 ,! m>* ( mat]ial ev5ts 0 amply record$1 b melodies 7 pass$ f m\? to m\? & e> to e>1 necess>ily *ang+ _! outl9es 9 ! process1 = ! l9e t connects memory & expression seems1 9 mo/ ( humank9d1 to run s ne> t :i* leads f imag9ation to expression1 z to eng5d] inaccuracy 9 transmission4 7,?is cross$-l9e influ5ce is recognizable 9 ! productions ( mo/ compos]s4 ,memories become entangl$ 9 _! fancies47 ,al?\gh our mod]n melody has d\btless come d[n to u ?r\gh long l9es ( h]itage1 yield+ to ! prevail+ influ5ces ( ea* successive /age 9 transmission1 !re is no /ati/ical light on its l9e ( developm5t4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k 9 :at =m ! fir/ musical intuition manife/$ itself1 & !n to trace an unbrok5 *a9 ( cause & effect f t fir/ manife/ation to date1 b t k w\ld n mat]ially b5efit music1 :i* is ! only art ^: c>e] does n foll[ well-def9$ cycles1--! features ( p]iods reproduc+ !mselves ) ! recurr5ce ( conditions4 ,9 sculpture1 poetry1 & ar*itecture we h seasons ( rev]t+ to ! antique1 & ) good results4 ,^! arts dealt ) tangible mat]ial1 c\ld be kept pres5t to ! eye & m9d1 & !re=e develop$ quickly4 ,we return to _! anci5t =ms1 s re/ful 9 _! con=mity to natural adju/m5t1 = relief f ! tireless +5uity ( mod]n produc]s1 & to f9d bases = new flights4 ,music is1 h[ev]1 s ess5tially intangible t x requir$ ages to discov] suffici5t ( its und]ly+ pr9ciples to af=d ! f\ndation = an art4 ,no?+ )9 our k5 has be5 z sl[ 9 evolv+1 & yet no?+ has %[n su* an unwav]+ t5d5cy =w>d & upw>d4 ,^! *>act]i/ics1 & its insidi\s influ5ce ^u man's nature1 entitle x to be call$ ! div9e art4 ,x is 9 c\rse ( evolution f its orig9al g]m1 b ! outl9es ( its e>ly te*nical =ms h no significance = ! n9ete5?-c5tury compos]4 ,= ! above reasons /ati/ics w be avoid$ :5 !y are n ess5tial 9 locat+ & v]ify+ conditions4 ,"s p]iods 7 too influ5tial 9 broad5+ & def9+ ! scope ( musical expression to be ignor$4 ,i %all endeavor to make my !ories 9 reg>d to ! orig9 & gr[? ( music accord ) its inh]5t qualities1 z well z ) man's devi\s & *ang+ nature4 ,! great] ! music ! m direct is its appeal to our imag9ations1 & ! /rong] its effect ^u our emotions4 ,ea* intr9sically great composition has its di/+ui%+ mood or temp]am5t1 :i* is ! sequ5tial expression & p]petuation ( an emotion4 ,?is mood is fir/ ann\nc$ by ! *os5 !mes1 & !n its v>i$ phases & ! cumulative int5sity ess5tial to su/a9$ expression are secur$ ?r\gh ! logical manipulation ( ^! !mes4 ,i w\ld divide music into two classes1 natural & artificial4 ,! latt] class is1 z ! "n assign$ to x implies1 a me*anical comb9ation ( musical means1 ! result ( purely intellectual processes1 incit$ by w =ce1 & n by inspiration4 ,x lacks all reason = be+1 & ,i %all dismiss x )\t fur!r c]emony4 ,x is to natural music1 :i* spr+s f our imag9ations1 is =mulat$ = purpose by intellect1 appeals to ! sympa?ies1 & sways ! emotions1 t ,i %all devote my att5tion4 ,! music ( ! b>b>\s races1 al?\gh develop$ little beyond ! initial /age1 is adapt$ 9 its "* to _! habits & s5sibilities1 & is among !m q z p[]ful an ag5cy = /imulat+ ! passions z is our n9ete5?-c5tury music among ! p ( ?is ,we/]n civilization4 ,_! musical ex]cises are purely emotional1 & !re=e natural4 ,natural music is compos$ ( two species1 t :i* is e>ne/ & edify+1 & t :i* is ent]ta9+ only4 ,^! div]se gr[?s are equally spontane\s1 & ea* develops =m1 sub/ance1 & proportions 9 keep+ ) ! intellectual soil by :i* x is nurtur$4 ,! _w requires t music %all suit its v>y+ moods4 ,"s ( ,johann ,/rauss' waltzes are q z g5u9e music z are ,bee?ov5's symphonies1 & ea* 9 its own way contributes to ! pleasure & b5efit ( mank9d4 ,:i* w\ld be ! great] loss1 7 x blott$ out ( exi/5ce1 is unque/ionable1 = ! resultant deprivation mu/ be measur$ by ! comp>ative numb]s :o w\ld feel ! lack ( ea*4 ,! great majority ( ! public1 & ev5 "s ( music's devotees1 d]ive m pleasure f ent]ta9+ ?an f e>ne/ 7s-call$ classical7 music4 ,?is is p>tly because e>ne/ music is q (t5 ab/ruse1 requir+ well-direct$ m5tal ef=t to und]/& its full significance2 b a m g5]ally prevail+ reason = ?is condition 7especially :5 dance music is conc]n$7 is to be f\nd 9 its *e]+ & exhil>at+ effect4 ,i ?9k x pure affectation = musical p]sons to express a lack ( respect = a good piece ( dance music4 ,a l>ge p]c5tage ( ^? :o d s are n s9c]e4 ,!y fe> to discr$it _! appreciation ( ! classical1 ?9k+ wrongly t !re w\ld be some?+ incongru\s 9 lik+ bo?4 ,! arti/'s ideals %\ld embrace ! :ole gamut ( human feel+1 & music t /rikes our s5sibilities at any po9t 9 ?is l9e is g5u9e1 :e!r x be a symphony1 a love song1 or a waltz4 ,if music be ! language ( ! emotions1 its g]ms mu/ be ^? s\nds ?r\gh :i* joy1 grief1 love1 fe>1 rage1 wond]1 & long+ f9d natural1 unprem$itat$1 & (t5 involunt>y expression4 ,! fact t ! import ( ^! s\nds1 :e!r produc$ by man1 bea/1 or bird1 is unmi/akable1 has l$ "s writ]s to accord music ! honor ( hav+ be5 ! initial means ( int]c\rse betwe5 memb]s ( ! human family1--! orig9al language4 ,?is is h>dly consi/5t1 = life is mo/ly unrhy?mic monotone1 punctuat$ only "h & !re by episodes fruitful 9 musical g]ms4 ,sci5tific obs]vation has e/abli%$ ! fact t all ( ! high] species ( liv+ ?+s h =ms ( vocal int]communication4 ,l human be+s1 animals h =ms ( spee* comport+ ) _! degrees ( intellig5ce & ne$s1 b q ap>t f ^! =ms1 !y & man h mutually intelligible codes ( emotional expression4 ,^! codes are n id5tical 9 less ess5tial details1 nor are !y equally compreh5sive1 b !y spr+ f a common s\rce4 ,!y v>y 9 "* accord+ to ! qualities ( in/9ctive feel+1 ref9$ or co>se1 t dom9ate ! creatures t employ !m4 ,! l[e/ grade ( animal life :i* possesses vocal app>atus is susceptible ( b ?ree emotions--ang]1 long+1 & fe>--9 su* measure z to elicit expression4 ,! high] grades feel joy1 love1 sorr[1 ang]1 fe>1 & long+4 ,music has significance only :5 fraught ) messages f ! compos] to ! he>]4 ,!re=e ^? s\nds :i* mo/ cle>ly voice /rong emotions are ! mo/ pregnant musical g]ms4 ,isolat$ %\ts ( triumph1 rage1 & joy1 or cries ( pa91 fe>1 & entreaty1 appeal to our s5sibilities1 b !y d n sugge/ music1 al?\gh its l9e ( developm5t f ^! primal elem5ts is traceable4 ,x began ) ! fir/ intellectual recognition ( ! adequacy ( tonal expression1 :5 ^? s\nds :i* _h be5 involunt>ily produc$ z ! result ( s5sations1 7 plac$ by ! human m9d 9 ! category ( expressive means4 ,at ?is po9t our g]ms came "u ! influ5ce ( delib]ate purpose4 ,intellect took spontane\s %\ts1 cries1 & moans 9 h&1 & has gradually end[$ !m ) cont9uity1 life pulsation 7rhy?m71 & =m2 has made !m express s5tim5ts sur*>g$ ) emotions1 creat+ a def9itely significant atmosph]e 7/immung74 ,?is p]vad+ atmosph]e or mood1 :i* is a vital elem5t 9 successful musical ef=t1 mu/ be 9 no wise conf\nd$ ) ! situations incid5t to & aris+ ?r\gh ! descriptive 7program7 compos]'s art4 ,! fir/ is p]sonal1 a he>t mood2 ! second is imp]sonal1 a bra9 picture4 ,f ?is fir/ /ep 9 musical evolution intellect has be5 m & m closely associat$ ) emotion1 z ! compos]'s int5tions h become m def9ite & 8 =ms m ext5d$4 ,music's progress has n be5 uni=m1 = x is mo/ s5sitive1 & ! conditions h (t5 be5 unfavorable4 ,x has foll[$1 to a great degree1 ! tidal fluctuations ( ref9em5t & f9e s5sibility 9 ! masses2 = al?\gh its gr[? is dep5d5t ^u c]ta9 conditions1 ^! necess>y conditions1 if conf9$ )9 n>r[ limits1 or :5 f\nd only 9 isolat$ p]sons1 w n suffice4 ,x mu/ brea! a free air1 full ( sympa!tic feel+ & impulse1 & x mu/ h a broad1 deep soil 9 :i* to spread its roots1 = x aspires heav5w>d1 up ?r\gh ! mat]ial into ! ideal4 ,! gr[? ( music f its initial /age to an art is q analog\s1 except 9 "t consum$1 to ! gr[? ( ea* tal5t to maturity1 or ( ea* musical conception to full expression4 ,!y all move on t[>ds realization1 impell$ by art in/9ct & imag9ation4 ,! compos] ( to-day has a leg5d>y pa/1 full ( romance & he>t-?robs1 & a w>m1 sympa!tic pres5t1 to /imulate 8 fancy1 b x requir$ ages ( joy1 sorr[1 love1 & culture to quick5 & ref9e man's /oical nature4 ,! soil :i* n\ri%es our imag9ations has be5 made f]tile by ! blood & te>s ( c\ntless g5]ations4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,music',s ,,fir/ ,,era1 ,,& ,,! ,,influ5ces ,,:i* ,,7 ,,op]ative ,,9 ,,v>i\s ,,l&s ,,dur+ ,,its ,,cont9uance ,!re are two di/9ct eras 9 ! c\rse ( ! evolution ( music4 ,! fir/ end$ & ! second began ) ! inv5tion & adoption ( notation4 ,?is me*anical device s revolutioniz$ musical production & ta/e1 t we may prop]ly conc$e to x ! honor ( hav+ made possible ! =mulation ( our art1 = x *ronicl$ ! accompli%m5ts ( ea* g5]ation1 ?us furni%+ its successors ) sugge/ive models4 ,^! 7 virtually lack+ 9 ! fir/ era1 :i* acc\nts amply = ! little advancem5t made dur+ its cont9uance4 ,t e>ly c>e] ( music is %r\d$ 9 utt] d>kness1 unbrok5 by a s+le lum9\s episode1 & ! lights :i* we are enabl$ to ?r[ back ^u x are entirely d$uctive4 ,!y are n suffici5tly /rong to br+ details into relief1 b !y suffice to develop outl9es :i* are ample = ! purposes ( my sket*4 ,! fact t ! anci5t ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 & ,*9ese devot$ mu* att5tion to :at "s are pleas$ to call ! sci5ce1 or te*nic1 ( music is to me no indication ( ! condition ( music exi/+ at t "t4 ,_! libr>ies conta9$ num]\s volumes devot$ to music1 b _! treatises consid]$ melody 7h>mony 0 n kn[n7 f a purely ma!matical /&-po9t4 ,?is vital elem5t ( music1 :i* %\ld be z free z air1 0 fett]$ by p$antry4 ,i feel conv9c$ t ! evolution ( music 0 s]i\sly delay$ by ?is too e>ly association ) sci5ce4 ,*9a has p]petuat$ ?is sy/em ( vassalage1 ! result be+ t h] pres5t temple melodies1 :i* also s]ve z folk-songs1 are utt]ly devoid ( pla/ic grace & spontaneity4 ,! fallibility ( long l9es ( oral transmission ca/s d\bt ^u ! ,*9aman's claim t he inh]its at lea/ a portion ( ^! songs1 9 _! orig9al =m1 f a p]iod f\r ?\s& ye>s back2 /ill1 !re is "o feature ( ! situation :i*1 9 a measure1 sub/antiates x1--viz41 ! in/9ct = imitation t di/+ui%es ?is race f all o!rs4 ,evolution involves removal f an elem5t>y /ate1 & we measure its advancem5t ?r\gh plac+ ! pres5t outl9es & qualities1 ( :atev] may be conc]n$1 ov] aga9/ ^? t *>act]iz$ "s kn[n previ\s condition4 ,*9a has produc$ "s great s*ol>s1 & h] civilization1 su* z x is1 endures l ! ev]la/+ hills1 & seems subject to little m *ange ?an !y1 b h] p are n emotional1 imag9ative1 nor susceptible to influ5ces f )\t4 ,! great wond] is n t real art feel+ has nev] manife/$ itself 9 ,*9a1 nor t %e has repuls$ all attempts to introduce ! fruits ( ,european musical culture1 b t ! ,*9aman1 ) 8 nature1 %\ld h ev] evok$ our muse4 ,*9a has contribut$ no?+ to ! developm5t ( music1 & we _c draw "o sp>k ( light f h] = our inve/igations4 ,! ,mongolian race treat$ _! feeble fir/ musical impulse z !y /ill d ! feet ( high-ca/e female *ildr51--viz41 !y wrapp$ x s tightly 9 p$antic c]em5ts t x c\ld n gr[2 &1 be+ an impulse1 & n fle% & bones1 x fail$ to endure ! repression4 ,al?\gh ^! anci5t sci5tific treatises af=d no clues to ! actual _s & =m ( contemporane\s musical utt]ances1 !y d bespeak ! pres5ce ( int]e/ & respect4 ,z ,i h %[n1 ?is condition 0 ( no s]vice 9 ,*9a1 b z ! ,egyptian & ,greek p & culture 7 ( a q diff]5t sub/ance & m\ld1 we may safely inf] t _! ef=ts 7 important features 9 ?is prep>atory era4 ,! light :i* we are enabl$ to ?r[ backw>d ov] ! l9e ( musical evolution is drawn f ! foll[+ s\rces3 #a1 ! nature ( music itself1 & ! fir/ purposeful use ( its g]ms2 #b1 its pres5t condition among b>b>\s peoples2 #c1 pr(ane hi/ory ( anci5t ,egypt2 #d1 its developm5t 9 pace ) t ( ! ,aryan race2 &1 #e1 ,biblical ref]5ces 7to :i* ,i %all devote a sep>ate *apt]74 ,,nature ,,( ,,music ,x is a gross misconception to reg>d music z m]ely a concord ( sweet s\nds1 = t w\ld be a b>r5 art :i* _h no contra/+ features4 ,mu* great music is n beautiful1 = x may be tragical1 sombre1 or may voice any ( ! moods incid5t to life4 ,euphony 0 d\btless "o ( ! la/ develop$ qualities1 = x spr+s f joy1 love1 or rev]5ce4 ,we mu/ look among ! co>s] emotions = ! g]m :i* 0 fir/ us$ 9 tone expression4 ,9 t prehi/oric "t1 at ! beg9n+ ( :at might be call$ s\l t5antry1 man1 :e!r creat$ or evolv$1 be+ ! fir/ ( 8 l9e1 _h no fruits ( human exp]i5ce to guide him1 & 8 emotional /atus c\ld !re=e h diff]$ little f t ( ! high] grades ( s\lless creatures4 ,we le>n f hi/ory t s9ce x began its annals animal nature has rema9$ virtually un*ang$1 :]eas man1 because possess$ ( a high] grade ( intellect & a def9ite recognition ( ,deity1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 has ref9$ & broad5$ ! scope ( 8 impulses & und]/&+4 ,z x is ! fir/ subjective1 & n objective1 manife/ation ( tone expression t we are seek+1 we _c d bett] ?an to scan ?is feature ( animal life4 ,su* manife/ations result f ! sequ5tial co-op]ation ( emotion1 reason1 & impulse4 ,animals h _! gr[ls1 ro>s1 & trumpet+s ( ang] & defiance1 & _m ( !m h =ms ( express+ affection1 b ^! latt] are acquir$ ?r\gh exp]i5ce1 :]eas !y in/9ctively appeal to ag5cies outside !mselves = relief f pa9 or want1 employ+ means ! efficacy ( :i* !y recognize4 ,if we turn to humank9d1 we f9d t ! new-born babe w express its desire = food long be=e x becomes responsive to its "m's ende>m5ts4 ,i1 !re=e1 assume t plead+ 0 ! fir/ purposeful1 prem$itat$ =m ( tonal communication1 &1 consequ5tly1 t x 0 ! nucleus ab\t :i* exp]i5ce & culture h ga!r$ su* ample res\rces4 7,?is t]m1 tonal communication1 applies equally well to our =mulat$ art1 = music is inv>iably address$ by its creator to "s intellig5ce1 :e!r x be a p]son1 ! _w1 or ,god47 ,?is fir/ develop$ elem5t has nev] rel9qui%$ its prom95ce1 = x is ! mood :i* mo/ (t5 p]vades ! compos]'s tone pictures4 ,we f9d x depict$1 z prompt$ by ea* & all phases ( human insuffici5cy1 appeal+ to appropriate s\rces = relief1--! oppress$ entreat+ ! tyrant1 ! lov] ! object ( 8 affection1 & ! f9ite _w1 pro/rate be=e ,inf9ity1 p\r+ its hopes & aspirations into ! ,div9e e>4 ,n[ occurs a p]iod ( unmeasurable "t ^u :i* we c ?r[ no light4 ,x ext5ds f ?is fir/ manife/ation up to t /age 9 evolution :i* produc$ =ms ( tonal expression l ^? n[ employ$ by ! l[e/ savage races4 ,"s "t dur+ ?is unexplorable p]iod1 man hav+ appropriat$ a full] vocabul>y f nature's /ore1 & hav+ adopt$ m su/a9$1 & at ! same "t articulate1 =ms1 0 l$ to feel pulsations1--incipi5t rhy?m4 ,:e!r ?is primitive conception ( metre 0 sugge/$ by associat$ ^w successions1 or 0 incid5t to ! ext5sion ( tonal expression itself1 we c only conjecture1 b rhy?mic impulse is evid5t 91 & x is ! ma9 feature (1 ! crude/ musical ef=ts4 ,,music ,,( ,,! ,,savage ,,races ,sci5ce has long busi$ itself ) race orig94 ,x has approa*$ ! problem f e side1 & has accompli%$ s mu* t[>ds its solution z to af=d gr\nds ^u :i* to base ! assumptions t ! div]se types ( mank9d1 z !y n[ exi/1 are ea* physically1 morally1 & m5tally ! outcome ( conditions ( :i* climate1 soil1 & degrees ( isolation h be5 ! mo/ pot5t factors2 & t ^! bran*es :i* h spread out to cov] ! _w spr+ f "o common family trunk4 ,ev5 )9 ! limits ( hi/oric "t migrations h be5 caus$ ei!r by climatic *anges or by ! diss5sions incid5t to ov]-population4 ,:5 ! savages ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s became deta*$1 & :e!r ( _! own volition or ?r\gh a disp5sation ( ,provid5ce1 :i* caus$ ! ,pacific ,ocean to isolate !m f less pe/if]\s humanity1 w nev] be kn[n4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 h tak5 place aft] ! idea ( at lea/ limit$ tone expression _h tak5 a firm hold on mank9d & _h become a transmittible in/9ct1 = ^! savages ev9ce little m disposition or capacity = orig9at+ ?an ! m intellig5t species ( animals4 ,i cite ^! p & _! lyric /atus to m>k ! l[e/ ebb 9 ?+s human & musical ( :i* we h any k4 ,_! music & habits are alike cross$ by ! l9e :i* sep>ates ! human f ! animal1 & x is ne$less to say :i* quality contributes ! l>g] portion4 ,_! songs are1 l _! language1 ejaculatory1 %[+ little ex]cise ( reason 9 _! =ms1 & voic+ ! bas] emotions solely4 ,rude rhy?ms are ! only features t atte/ _! orig9 9 musical impulse4 ,music 9 its c\rse ( evolution _h necess>ily to pass ?r\gh ?is primitive /age4 ,9 m cong5ial environm5ts x pass$ on & out1 b ^! b>b>ians1 be+ nei!r emotionally nor intellectually capable ( imp>t+ ! impetus requisite to ! developm5t ( f9] & broad] significance1 h = ?\s&s ( ye>s us$ _! pres5t crude =ms4 ,_! /age comes 9 t\* ) music's l9e ( evolution at a p]iod c\ntless ye>s be=e ,david sang4 ,f a lett] 9 response to my inquiries z to ! musical /atus ( ^! b>b>ians1 writt5 by ,c\nt ,pfeil1 :o has mo/ closely obs]v$ _! cu/oms dur+ tw5ty ye>s sp5t 9 explor+ ! d>k cont95t & ^! d>k] isl&s1 ,i inf] t _! b>b>ism has grades analog\s to ^? t exi/ 9 ! culture ( civiliz$ nations4 ,9 speak+ ( ! two musical in/rum5ts 9 use ,graf ,pfeil says1 ,!y are ! ',tutupele' on ,new ,brita9 & ,duke ( ,york1 & a sort ( pan pipe or flute on ! ,solomon ,isl&s4 ,! =m] may h>dly be call$ an in/rum5t4 ,x is us$ 9 connection ) ! sup]/iti\s c]emonies ( ! ,dult-,dult practice1 & is suppos$ to h]ald ! appe>ance ( ! spirits4 ,two pieces ( wood are c>v$ d[n till !y s\nd two neighbor+ notes1 su* z c-d1 g-a1 or f-g4 ,!y are !n plac$ ov] a little holl[ dug 9 ! gr\nd1 & are beat5 ) small club /icks4444 ,! o!r in/rum5t is us$ by ! ,solomon ,isl&]s4 ,!y assemble ?ree or f\r m51 ea* arm$ ) 8 flute1 ( :i* ! l>ge/ pipe is ab\t ?ree feet 9 l5g?1 ) a two-in* int]nal diamet]4 ,!re are five ( ^! pipes 9 ea* in/rum5t4 ,!y are made ( bamboo1 & play$ by be+ rais$ to ! lips & /rongly bl[n into4 ,! s\nd1 especially :5 he>d f a long di/ance1 :i* robs x ( its h>%ness1 is n at all unpleasant1 b has r a melodi\s1 ?\gh sad1 "*4 ,! few m5 :o play ^! in/rum5ts beg9 turn+ r\nd & r\nd1 & o!rs1 wi%+ to jo9 9 ! dance1 ga!r r\nd !m1 also mov+ 9 a circle4 ,:5 a hundr$ danc]s p]=m1 ^? on ! outside run at a headlong spe$1 :ile ^? =m+ ! c5tre sp91 b v sl[ly4 ,! danc]s accompany ! play]s by v curi\s half-:i/l+ s\nds1 :i* s\nd l ! twitt] ( birds4 ,! l\d] & %rill] ! s\nds ! pretti] !y are ?\ght to be4444 ,on ! ,duke ( ,york1 boys h a curi\s1 cruel way ( procur+ music4 ,!y take a l>ge beetle & break (f "o ( its legs4 ,9 ! rema9+ /ump !y pu% a lot ( ela/ic gum1 ( :i* !y hold ! o!r end4 ,! beetle is n[ made to fly1 b n be+ able to get away f ! boy's h&1 keeps circl+ r\nd & r\nd x1 emitt+ a l\d :irr+ or humm+ s\nd4444 ,all ^! races s+4 ,_! songs are v monoton\s1 b are def9$1 l our own4 ,y c ask !m to s+ su* or su* a song1 & !y w always s+ x exactly z !y sang x be=e4 ,all songs are sung 9 a subdu$ voice1 z ! melan*oly & suspici\s "* ( ! p prev5ts all l\d demon/rations ( mir?4444 ,i h nev] he>d _! songs accompani$ by any in/rum5t1 except+ at a dance1 :51 to my sorr[1 comb9$ vocal & in/rum5tal ef=ts s]v$ z an accompanim5t to ! dance4 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 despite ! demoraliz+ influ5ces ( trad]s1 ag5cies1 & fire-wat]1 are noble m5 z comp>$ ) ! cannibals j consid]$4 ,_m ( _! less amiable traits are d\btless ! fruits ( :ite intrud]s' av>ice1 :i* has f ! fir/ set aside equity :5 deal+ ) ! r$ man4 ,!y live hav+ a future /ate 9 view 9 ! happy hunt+-gr\nds1 :i* /imulates 9 !m a /rict1 b n too compreh5sive1 moral consci\sness4 ,^? conditions ( life :i* m\ld race *>act]i/ics h 9 ! case ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian develop$ bodily activity1 close obs]vation1 brav]y1 & reason+ faculties1 ?\gh crude4 ,!y lack delicate s5sibility & imag9ation1 b /ill 9 !m we f9d nomadic manhood at its be/1 & _! music mirrors _! "*4 ,_! w>1 fun]al1 & joy\s songs are alike monoton\s to mod]n ,aryan e>s1 = !y are devoid ( romance & f9e feel+1 & are compos$ ( repetitions ad libitum1 in/ead ( progressive developm5ts4 ,_! climaxes are produc$ ?r\gh increas$ unction 9 deliv]y r ?an ?r\gh sequ5tial means4 ,!y m>k ! prim>y pulsations ( _! songs ?r\gh sway+ ! body1 danc+1 & ?r\gh ! use ( rude in/rum5ts1 & 9 s do+ "w !mselves up to a rem>kable /ate ( exaltation4 ,?is result ( _! musical ex]cises mu/ n be con/ru$ z indicat+ ! pres5ce ( a /rong1 emotional elem5t 9 ! ,indian "*4 ,!y are1 on ! contr>y1 s /olid t few ?+s c ruffle _! equanimity4 ,_! ec/asies are purposeful & self-induc$4 ,_! ph5om5al capacity = read+ & int]pret+ nature's *ronicle ( ! movem5ts ( liv+ ?+s1 & its cont9ual ex]cise1 h bl9d$ !m1 9 a great degree1 to ! beauties ( l&scape4 ,!y devote !mselves to ! analysis ( details in/ead ( to ! contemplation ( ! ,creator's h>moni\s ensemble1 & !y consequ5tly develop little s5se = ! beautiful4 ,! fundam5tal manife/ation ( ?is s5se is1 9 normally end[$ man1 an appreciation ( ! =ms & colors ( mat]ial ?+s4 ,^u ?is s5se we may build responsiv5ess to ! intangible & ideal1 b )\t x we h no f\ndation = /hetic ta/e4 ,i c ?9k ( no?+ m incongru\s ?an an atmosph]e ( ,ba* fugues or ,bee?ov5 symphonies = a man :o sees only tons ( hay1 feet ( lumb]1 wat]-p[]1 etc41 :ile gaz+ ^u nature's gr& panorama4 ,! music ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian is nei!r euphoni\s nor romantic1 b x is di/9ctly m human ?an t ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s1 & its v>y+ tribal phases p]mit ! inf]5ce t x has1 9 _! keep+1 accumulat$ res\rces1 h[ev] slight !y may seem4 ,! ,indian's "* & music ?r[ light ^u ! c\rse ( evolution dur+ ! fir/ era1 inasmu* z !y1 contra/$ ) ^? ( ! cannibal races1 t5d to sub/antiate my claim t s\nd expression takes its cue f att5dant culture1 advanc+ 9 pace ) x4 ,,pr(ane ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,anci5t ,,egypt ,at t remote/ p]iod ^u :i* ! hi/orian c ?r[ light 7ab\t #cjjj ,b4,c4 7 ! ,valley ( ! ,nile 0 ! sc5e ( und]tak+s ! fruits ( :i* h ev] s9ce excit$ ! wond] ( ! _w4 ,! ,pyramids1 ! some:at lat]-built ,palace ( ,k>nak1 & ,temples ( ,luxor & ,ipsambul /& fir/ among ! ph5om5al conceptions ( human ar*itects2 & ! me*anical skill requir$ 9 h&l+ ! massive blocks & pill>s ( :i* !y are compos$ w\ld sev]ely te/ ! appliances ( our practical & inv5tive age4 ,^! monum5tal build+s1 _! consi/5t environm5ts1 & ! deciph]$ records ( sci5tific & lit]>y accompli%m5ts 9 ^? e>lie/ hi/oric times1 bespeak broad culture4 ,z we possess no record ( a race f :om ! ,egyptians c\ld h drawn ei!r /imulus or k itself1 _! culture 0 presumably indig5\s1 & !re=e ( sl[ gr[?4 ,! ,palace ( ,k>nak1 = in/ance1 m>ks ! climax ( accompli%m5t 9 a l9e ( ar*itectural endeavor :i* may h begun soon aft] ! ,nile comm5c$ mak+ h] alluvial deposits4 ,! p]si/5t & audaci\s ambition :i* ?is long c\rse ( developm5t atte/s1 & ! art feel+ express$ 9 _! works1 end[s ,egyptian int]e/ 9 music1 z ev9c$ ?r\gh ! sci5tific treatises m5tion$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]1 ) especial significance4 ,!y 7 m le>n$ & less p$antic ?an ! ,*9ese1 & 71 besides1 emotional & imag9ative1 al?\gh sadly sup]/iti\s4 ,_h t high enlight5m5t p]meat$ all classes ( ! p1 ,egypt w\ld h be5 an ,elysium = our art1 b x 01 un=tunately1 conf9$ to ! upp] social grades1 :i* embrac$ ! prie/s1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t ! w>riors4 ,! masses1 9 company ) prison]s ( w> & slaves f ,c5tral ,africa1 7 m]e s]vitors to ! mon>*s & prie/s 9 execut+ _! ambiti\s s*emes4 ,al?\gh _! labor built up indubitable te/imony to ! greatness ( _! ma/]s1 ! burd5s impos$ ^u !m c5tury aft] c5tury f9ally wore away _! fealty2 !re=e ! decad5ce & d[nfall ( great ,egypt4 ,!re c\ld n possibly h be5 any?+ l art en?usiasm among a p s oppress$4 ,despite ?is vital lack1 anci5t ,egypt did m1 directly & indirectly1 to fo/] music1 & to give x an onw>d impulse1 ?an all o!r ag5cies ( ! fir/ era comb9$4 ,?is 0 some:at attributable to ! fact t !n1 = ! fir/ "t1 tone expression 0 associat$ ) rhy?mic texts2 /ill1 ,i inf] t _! music 0 m]ely an accessory to euphoni\s declamation1--subs]vi5t to poetry1--= _h _! melodies possess$ indep5d5t import1 ^? res\rceful p w\ld h f\nd "s way ( record+ !m4 ,^! relations betwe5 music & poetry 7 p]petuat$ 9 ,greece2 inde$1 our art 0 n accord$ equality z a contributive elem5t 9 song until 9 q mod]n times4 ,!re h be5 sev]al di/9ct epo*s 9 ?is relation%ip1--viz41 t 9 :i* tone expression1 because ( its little und]/ood capacities 0 held 9 vassalage to h] si/] art2 music's equality 7dat+ f ! adoption ( notation71 dur+ :i* %e greatly ext5d$ & beautifi$ h] =ms2 h] asc5d5cy1 :i* *>act]iz$ ! vocal works ( ! e>ly "p ( ! pres5t c5tury2 & n[ ! ,wagn] s*ool1 9 :i* ! two are aga9 made to collaborate on equal t]ms4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians employ$ pan pipes1 flutes1 horns1 in/rum5ts ( p]cussion1 & small h>ps4 ,mural pictures ( ! f\r? dyna/y repres5t play]s bl[+ ^u pipes ( diff]5t l5g?s1 & consequ5tly ( diff]5t pit*es1 :i* is a dumb decl>ation t at lea/ "s pr9ciples regulat+ ! simultane\s use ( tones _h be5 recogniz$4 ,outside ?is pictorial record1 we c f9d no intimation t any?+ analog\s to mod]n h>mony 0 kn[n & practis$ by ?is p4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( specific data we are =c$ to pr$icate ! condition ( music 9 t /up5d\s1 ?\gh exclusive1 civilization1 ^u ! elem5ts ( ! atmosph]e f :i* x drew its impulse4 ,z ! m prom95t ( ^! elem5ts 7 pr(\nd religi\s feel+1 sci5tific le>n+1 insatiable ambition1 & a cle>ly pron\nc$ lyric t5d5cy1 _! melodies mu/ h be5 coh]5t & expressive4 ,,aryan ,,race ,z ! in/9cts & capacities ( ! ,aryan race h always be5 unique1 x may prove in/ructive to glance at ^? features ( its prehi/oric exi/5ce 9 ,asia :i* h be5 br\ght to light ?r\gh comp>ative philology & my?ology4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ^! sci5ces e/abli% ! fact t we ( ! ,we/ 7,greeks1 ,italians1 ,g]mans1 ,engli%7 & ! ,h9doos ( ! ,ea/ are ( common orig94 ,our ance/ors li/5$ to ! same leg5ds1 ballads1 & my?ical tales :ile ga!r$ z *ildr5 ab\t "o & ! same "m1 & !y h h&$ !m d[n to ?is g5]ation ( ! desc5dants ( ea* s little *ang$ z to furni% ample pro( ( family relation%ip4 ,_m ( ! m important words ( ! v>i\s ,aryan languages are sugge/ively simil>1 & ?is 9 spite ( ! five ?\s& ye>s ( transmission1 & ( ! div]se conditions incid5t to ! gr[? ( widely sep>at$ clans into great nations4 ,! ,aryans 7 wor%ipp]s ( ,nature 9 h] m spectacul> & h]oic =ms & moods1--9 /orms1 fire1 sunset1 & dawn1 b look$ upw>d = _! ,supreme ,deity4 ,! sky1 ) its fa?omless dep?s ( blue & its /> my/]ies1 0 _! ,zeus4 ,f ?is x w be se5 t !y 71 9 a way1 idolat]s1 b _! idolatry 0 n degrad+2 x 01 inde$1 ennobl+4 ,!y contemplat$ ,nature1 & 9 h] processes saw ! h& ( an all-p]vad+1 b5efic5t p[]1--a ,god4 ,!y wor%ipp$ ! ,god ?us1 & 9 no o!r way1 reveal$ to !m ?r\gh ,8 works4 ,_! conceptions ( family & community organization h s]v$1 & /ill s]ve1 z models to civiliz$ nations4 ,!y 7 pat]nal1 ! clans be+ l>ge families ) patri>*al heads1 & elect$ c\ncillors4 ,!y 7 pa/oral1 cultivat+ ! soil & h]d+ cattle1 %eep1 horses1 & pigs2 b !y 7 at ! same "t good w>riors4 ,!y wore lea!rn %oes1 g>m5ts wov5 f wool1 & !y _h at lea/ a rudim5t>y k ( ! sci5ces4 ,f all ?is ,i inf] t ! e>ly ,aryans 7 a race ( freem51 n subject to ! class discrim9ation t ru9$ ,egypt4 ,_! appreciation ( nature1 & _! rev]5ce1 ambition1 & p]t9acity fitt$ !m to become ! especial gu>dians ( ! arts1 & _! comp>ative class equality enabl$ !m to fulfil ! requirem5ts ( my !ory t music c only fl\ri% 9 a widely diffus$ int]e/ & k4 ,x mu/ brea! a g5ial & sugge/ive atmosph]e4 ,our ma9 bus9ess is ) ,aryan music aft] x came "u ! influ5ce ( ,egyptian culture1 b x may int]e/ my read]s to fla%1 = a mom5t1 ! light ( analogy back ^u its e>li] p]iod4 ,we h f\nd ! e>ly ,aryans less le>n$ ?an ! ,egyptian s*ol> class1 b also less sup]/iti\s & less p$antic4 ,!y 7 normal human be+s 9 _! occupations1 susceptibilities1 & social life4 ,) su* a picture 9 view x is q natural = our imag9ations to he> its complem5t 9 expressive s\nds1--peaceful lullabies1 songs ( praise & love1 & sonor\s rejoic+s4 ,9 remote times ! region :i* is suppos$ to h be5 ! orig9al home ( ! ,aryans mu/ h be5 f]tile1 = e>ly poets 7 en?usia/ic 9 describ+ its *>ms4 ,! climatic *anges t made ! soil arid z x is to-day may h sugge/$1 or may ev5 h necessitat$1 migration2 /ill1 :at condition or comb9ation ( conditions induc$ ! ,aryans to ab&on ,c5tral ,asia c nev] be positively kn[n2 b x is c]ta9 t !y1 l irresi/ible tidal waves1 roll$ we/w>d & s\?w>d1 de/roy+1 c>ry+ be=e !m1 or absorb+ & dom9at+ all peoples & in/itutions 9 _! c\rse4 ,"o ( ! /reams ( ,aryan migration fl[$ t[>ds ! s\? & =m$ ! ,h9doo & ,p]sian nations1 & ano!r came into ,europe by way ( ! ,hellespont & took up its abode 9 ,greece & ,italy4 ,?ree o!rs1 ! ,celtic1 ,teutonic1 & ,slavonic1 foll[$ 9 ! ord] nam$1 pass+ to ! nor? ( ! ,black ,sea1 & occupi$ respectively ,we/]n1 ,c5tral1 & ,ea/]n ,europe4 ,( all ! nations :o h develop$ f ^! orig9al nuclei1 ! ,h9doos %[ lea/ evid5ce ( close int]c\rse ) ! _w's great tea*]1 :]eas ! ,greeks1 p]haps because ( _! proximity to ,egypt1 7 l$ to avail !mselves ( h] tuition to ! fulle/ ext5t4 ,! anci5t ,h9doos 7 less sci5tific ?an ! ,*9ese or ,egyptians1 & isolation has prev5t$ !m f advanc+ ) mod]n civilization4 ,_! music is less ! fruit ( !ories ?an x is ( natural ,aryan impulse4 ,!y d n look ^u x z a sci5ce1 b z a matt] ( ! emotions1 ! result (1 & int5d$ to quick51 ! imag9ation4 ,i h se5 ,h9doo melodies :i* exhibit$ a correct appreciation ( rhy?mic adju/m5t1 /ill _! accompli%m5ts d n entitle !m to a place among ! pot5t factors 9 musical evolution4 ,n[ we come to ! climax ( our fir/ era4 ,su* a true conception ( beauty1 su* p]fect symmetry1 & su* f>-rea*+ imag9ation & l(ty aspiration z are pres5t 91 & h made anci5t ,greek art & lit]ature lum9\s = all "t1 bespeak conditions t w\ld h c>ri$ music to fruition dur+ _! cont9uance _h %e n be5 s intangible1 & !re=e necess>ily sl[ 9 develop+4 ,_h h] nature be5 less coy1 we might h anci5t ,greek music z monum5tal z ! ,iliad or ! ,p>!non4 ,! ,greeks 7 quick to recognize ! virtues ( ,egyptian le>n+1 & ,greece soon became great ,egypt's great] pupil4 ,/ill1 we %\ld accord ,egypt fir/ place among ! factors t built up mod]n civilization & l$ to ! =mulation ( musical art1 = %e orig9at$ ! vital impulse4 ,t p]iod ( ,greek culture supremacy disp5s$ no laurels to its mo!rs1 wives1 & daught]s4 ,woman 0 reg>d$ z an inf]ior be+1 & %e took no honorable "p 9 intellectual social life4 ,boys 7 exhau/ively educat$1 :ile girls 7 neglect$4 ,?is 0 ! "o blot on ! glory ( ^? times1 & we1 besides deprecat+ ! inju/ice x involv$1 mu/ regret t ^! anci5t art-work]s d5i$ !mselves t highe/ e>?ly s\rce ( inspiration1 int]c\rse ) ! delicate en?usiasm1 ! ke5 p]ceptions1 & art in/9ct ( educat$ & lov$ womanhood2 = to :at heights might _! a*ievem5ts h atta9$ b = ?is misconception ( woman's nature & capacities6 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ,sappho's lyrics1 :i* induc$ ,plato to call h] ! ,t5? ,muse1 w\ld h sugge/$ ! exi/5ce1 9 woman's pur] & m s5sitive nature1 ( a subtle ve9 ( beautiful intellectuality1 b su* 0 n ! case4 ,judg+ f :at we h se5 ( e>ly ,aryan family life1 ?is unpractical & debas+ idea ( suppress+ woman mu/ h be5 imbib$ ) ,egyptian le>n+4 ,music 0 taught 9 ! ,greek s*ools1 & y\?s 7 ?us fitt$ to jo9 9 ! sacr$ *oruses1 & to appreciate ! significance ( poetry4 ,! immortal b>ds sang _! creations1 & !y (t5 rema9$ unwritt5 = g5]ations4 ,! drama develop$ f songs & dances4 ,music 0 a prom95t feature ( _! symposiums1 ! lyre be+ pass$ f gue/ to gue/1 ea* contribut+ ( 8 be/ to ! intellectual fea/4 ,banquets 7 br\ght to a close by s++ hymns4 ,music p]vad$ ea* function ( ,hell5ic life4 ,_! *oruses 7 unisons1 & _! in/rum5tal accompanim5ts 7 ei!r purely rhy?mic 7reg>dless ( pit*7 or !y foll[$ ! voice1 = ! ,greeks _h no discov]able conception ( h>mony4 ,9 contemplat+ ! m>vell\s erudition & ! poetic s5se ( anci5t ,greece1 & ! important rle play$ by music 9 ! p]iod ( h] glory1 ,i c b feel t ! failure to *ronicle h] melodies is a mis=tune4 ,!y may n h be5 ri* 9 v>iety ( tone succession or 9 rhy?m1 b !y d\btless 7 vigor\s1 expressive1 & logically r\nd$1 & !y !re=e m>k ! brighte/ po9t rea*$ 9 ! fir/ era4 ,greece succe$$ ,egypt z ! _w's tea*]1 & h] precepts ga9 significance z advanc+ culture enables u to bett] compreh5d ! f9e adju/m5t ( imag9ation to nature :i* !y embody4 ,h] sculpture1 ar*itecture1 & lit]ature are ! highe/ models t we h1 & ^? ( our ar*itects :o appreciate ! import ( monum5tal build+s look to anci5t ,greece = appropriate inspiration4 ,is x n reasonable & logical to assume t ! _s ( ,greece's unwritt5 musical =ms has be5 pres]v$1 pass$ f nation to nation1 & f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & t x und]lies our pres5t classical s*ool8 ,i say _s 9 speak+ ( musical transmission1 = music's res\rces & outw>d =ms 71 9 ! ,hom]ic p]iod1 & /ill are1 9 c\rse ( developm5t4 ,x w\ld be a wa/e ( space to discuss ! musical do+s ( o!r ,european nations dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,^? t did lea/ to prep>e ! way h be5 mo/ active s9ce our art took %ape4 ,z great z ,italy's s]vices h be5 s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury 7,a4,d4 71 %e did little = music previ\s to t "t4 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ( ,milan 7#chd ,a4,d4 71 & ,/4 ,gregory1 ( ,rome 7#eij ,a4,d4 71 orda9$ rituals1 pray]s1 music1 etc41 b !re is no detail$ record ( _! a*ievem5ts1 !re=e no au!ntic ,gregorian *ants4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,biblical ,,m5tion ,,( ,,music ,! ,old ,te/am5t is a *ronicle ( ! gr[?1 movem5ts1 physical & m5tal habits1 & religi\s /atus ( ! great ,jewi% race4 ,its religion ) "o ,godhead1 ^: imm$iate pres5ce 0 (t5 felt1 its music address$ to ?is pres5ce1 & its family1 tribal1 & racial organizations 7 all ,jewi%4 ,! great mov+ lev] ( ,jewi% exi/5ce 0 a religion ^: cre$ prohibit$ ! mak+ ( grav5 images1 s pa9t+ & sculpture 7 n cultivat$2 x recogniz$ ! direct ag5cy ( supreme w 9 m\ld+ daily ev5ts1 & prescrib$ (t-repeat$ praise & pray]1 & ?us creat$ ! atmosph]e ( exalt$ devotional feel+ :i* we f9d record$ 9 _m ( ! books ( ! ,bible1 & :i* climax$ 9 ,david's ,psalms4 ,! anci5t ,hebrews 7 9 no measure a sci5tific p4 ,_! "o intellectual aspiration f\nd v5t 9 beautify+ ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,!y 7 religi\s tea*]s1 :o h directly or indirectly %ap$ ! cre$s ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,accord+ to ! conditions ^u :i* ,i h ?us f> bas$ my !ories ( musical evolution1 e>ly ,jewi% songs c\ld n h be5 equal1 9 arti/ic m]it1 to ! texts ) :i* !y 7 associat$1 = !re 0 an utt] lack1 9 ?is race1 ( su* g5]al culture & art s5se z we f\nd prevail+ 9 anci5t ,egypt2 b ! ,hebrews 7 a race ap>t1 & _! unique in/9cts may h made _! music an exception to all rules4 ,_! song-impulse 0 conf9$ to "o l9e1 b x 0 s /rong t x project$ itself f conception1 9 religi\s en?usiasm1 to a high grade ( fulfilm5t )\t t\*+ ! l[ plane ( _! g5]al culture2 nev]!less1 ! above-m5tion$ %ort-com+s & ! subsequ5t decad5ce ( race nationality relegate ,hebrew music to a l[ place z an influ5ce ^u ! _w's song4 ,!y _h m5 :o devot$ !mselves to ! play+ ( in/rum5ts z an accompanim5t to song1 & ! ,bible m5tions m v>ieties ( in/rum5ts ?an c be f\nd 9 pr(ane hi/ory ( ^? times4 ,wor%ip 0 su* an important feature ( ,jewi% life1 & praise 0 s ess5tial an elem5t 9 _! wor%ip1 t ! masses mu/ h le>n$ & sung ^? great lyrics :i* to-day repres5t ! culm9ation ( human awe1 rev]5ce1 pray]1 & ?anksgiv+4 ,x is impossible to imag9e ,david s++ 8 psalms to crude or inadequate musical sett+s4 ,"h we h a situation app>5tly full ( vital contradictions4 ,mo/ ( ! influ5ces :i* h prov5 !mselves necess>y to ! developm5t ( music 7 want+1 & /ill !re is evid5ce t x _h gr[n to be an expressive means4 ,! ,jews 7 actuat$ by pr(\nd religi\s feel+ & by an exquisite s5se ( nature's =ms4 ,no poet has yet equall$ ,david's simple b beautiful appreciation ( ! univ]se1 & ( its influ5ce ^u mank9d4 ,! ,jews ( ,pol&1 ,spa91 & ,g]many h div]se musical sett+s ( ! ,psalms1 s !re is no traceable l9e ( inh]itance f ,david4 ,?is l9e has be5 oblit]at$ by ! *anges incid5t to g5]ations ( unassi/$ memory4 ,t !re may be r>e exceptions to ?is rule ( *ange 9 =m dur+ ext5d$ oral transmission 0 abundantly prov5 rec5tly by a ,g]man ,hebrew musician & s*ol>4 ,he play$ me an unwritt5 ,passov] hymn :i* 8 fa!r _h always sung at t fe/ival "t1 & told me t he _h n long be=e be5 ent]ta9$ by a ,spani% ,hebrew1 :o sang ! same melody tone = tone4 ,?is g5tleman's he>+ & memory are s absolute t !re is no "q to be rais$ z to ?is case2 b z f> z my inve/igations h gone1 x /&s alone4 ,! compos] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury c n[h]e else f9d su* e>ne/ & sugge/ive texts z 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,!y voice ! hopes1 sorr[s1 despair1 rev]5ce1 & joys ( our he>ts j z aptly z !y did ^? ( ! ,hebrew b>ds :o wrote !m ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,_! natural & direct me?od ( express+ ! emotions1 & _! incomp>able elevation ( _s1 make !m appeal especially /rongly to ! musician1 ^: flights ( imag9ation />t f ^! emotions4 ,we are d5i$ ! privilege ( scann+ ! =ms & sub/ance ( ,biblical melodies or *ants1 & mu/ cont5t ourselves ) trac+ ! m prom95t features ( ! rle :i* 0 assign$ to music dur+ t old] era1 & ! me*anical devices :i* 7 employ$ to enhance rhy?mic precision & sonority4 ,"s writ]s h endeavor$ to solve ! problem pres5t$ by ,hebrew music 9 ! mid/ ( incongru\s conditions by attribut+ its developm5t to ! influ5ce ( presumable int]c\rse ) prehi/oric ,egyptian civilization4 ,?is does n appe> logical1 = ,hebrew music seems to h be5 little1 if at all1 affect$ by ! cont9u$ direct contact dur+ ! long soj\rn ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt4 ,! ,jewi% & ,egyptian *>act]s 7 s diametrically oppos$ 7z 0 ev9c$ 9 _! beliefs1 habits1 & aspirations7 t _! emotional =ms ( expression c\ld n possibly h foll[$ common l9es4 ,int]c\rse ) ,egyptians did n imp>t ev5 a sci5tific impulse to ! ,hebrew m9d4 ,x is !re=e safe to conclude t my previ\sly m5tion$ hypo!sis--t ! =ce ( _! impulses c>ri$ ,jewi% music & poetry to unique positions1 z comp>$ ) ^? ( _! o!r arts & bran*es ( le>n+--is wor?y ( cr$5ce4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( music is made 9 ,g5esis iv4 #ba4 ,jubal1 ! son ( ,lame* & ,adah1 is describ$ z ! fa!r ( all su* z h&le ! h>p & organ4 ,jubal 0 ( ! sev5? g5]ation ( ,adam's desc5dants1 & ! _w 01 accord+ to ,biblical records1 9 its second c5tury ( exi/5ce4 ,^! h>ps & organs 7 d\btless simil> to ^? depict$ 9 pictures pa9t$ 9 ! f\r? ,egyptian dyna/y4 ,! fir/ nam$ 7 frames ^u :i* "o or1 at mo/1 a v limit$ numb] ( /r+s 7 /ret*$1 & ! organs 7 pan-pipes 7a s]ies ( re$s ( grad$ l5g?s1 b\nd toge!r1 & play$ by bl[+ into !m z !y 7 pass$ back & =? across ! l[] lip74 ,! pan-pipes 7 probably play$ 9 unison ) ! voice1 :]eas ! primitive h>p 0 us$1 ) ! exi/+ in/rum5ts ( p]cussion1 to m>k rhy?ms only4 ,all hi/orians agree 9 _! d$uctions z to ! ord] 9 :i* ! sev]al classes ( in/rum5ts made _! appe>ance on ! musical /age4 ,z rhy?m is ! he>t pulsation ( music1 x naturally took hold ( ! fir/ s+]s ( 9 any measure =mulat$ melody1 lead+ to sway+ ( ! body1 clapp+ ( ! h&s1 /amp+ ( ! feet1 & quickly sugge/$ ! employm5t ( o!r resonant means = m>k+ its progress4 ,our drums 7 at fir/ only holl[ pieces ( wood1 our cymbals1 triangle1 & gong may h _h d\ble duties1--musical & cul9>y1--& our h>p & piano 7 anticipat$ by s+le /r+s /ret*$ to yield a sonor\s tone reg>dless ( pit*4 ,next came ! w9d in/rum5ts1--at fir/ s+le re$s bl[n to m>k rhy?ms1 !n pan-pipes1 & mu* lat] s+le pipes provid$ ) f+]-holes l ! unimprov$ flute4 ,la/ ( all came ! in/rum5ts f :i* ! tones are drawn by pass+ a b[ ov] ! /r+s4 ,! idea ( adapt+ ! vibrat+ l5g? ( /r+s to a desir$ pit*1 ?r\gh press+ !m d[n ^u a f+]bo>d1 is comp>atively mod]n4 ,^! g5]al classes took on num]\s =ms & 7 made f v>i\s mat]ials4 ,! exi/5ce ( ,jubal & 8 musical l9e ( desc5dants bespeaks a wide-spread int]e/ 9 & use ( song1 b ,g5esis yields no fur!r enlight5m5t1 no texts1 nor any o!r allusions to ! subject ( music4 ,exodus xv4 furni%es ! next m5tion4 ,! trea*]\s quicks&s ( ! ,r$ ,sea hav+ swall[$ up ! ,egyptians1 ,moses & ! *ildr5 ( ,israel jo9 9 a song ( rejoic+ & ?anksgiv+ to ,god1 to ^: direct int]position !y ascribe _! deliv]ance4 ,! song z record$ is too circum/antial to h be5 spontane\s4 ,moses1 9 writ+ 8 acc\nt ( ! occurr5ce1 d\btless embodi$ ! s5tim5ts :i* bur/ =? f ! he>ts ( 8 p 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ev5t 9 a m ord]ly & m amplifi$ =m4 ,! s5tim5ts are l(ty1 & ! effect produc$ by ! s++ ( t va/ *orus ( j rescu$ 01 beyond comp>e1 ! gr&e/ focus ( human en?usiasm t ! _w has witness$2 = ,moses _h six hundr$ ?\s& fight+ m5 alone4 ,miriam ! prophetess1 aft] ! song1 or dur+ lapses 9 ! s++1 to incite ! ?rong to r5ew$ ef=ts1 took a timbrel 9 h] h&2 & all ! wom5 w5t out aft] h] ) timbrels & danc+4 ,& ,miriam answ]$ !m1 ,s+ ye to ! ,"l1 = ,he ha? triumph$ glori\sly2 ! horse & 8 rid] ha? ,he ?r[n into ! sea4 ,! timbrels 7 drums1 probably mu* l our tamb\r9es 9 size & %ape4 ,! trumpet is m5tion$ ?ree times 9 ! n9ete5? & tw5tie? *apt]s ( ,exodus 9 connection ) ! deliv]y to ,moses ( ! ,comm&m5ts4 ,! la/ occasion is aft] ! consummation ( ?is univ]se-%ap+ c]emony1--viz41 ,& all ! p saw ! ?und]+s1 & ! lightn+s1 & ! noise ( ! trumpet1 & ! m\nta9 smok+4 ,! ?irty-second & ?irty-?ird *apt]s ( ,deut]onomy conta9 "o ( ! ,bible's mo/ sombre lyrics4 ,moses1 ^: life has be5 devot$ to ! welf>e ( ! ,israelites1 :o has = =ty ye>s /ruggl$ to ov]come 9 !m ! demoralization incid5t to c5turies ( bondage1 s+s !re a p>t+ song to 8 p1 = !y are ab\t to ent] into possession ( ! promis$ l&1 :i* happ9ess is d5i$ him4 ,c\ld a sadd] picture be imag9$ ?an ?is good man1 s little confid5t 9 ! fruits ( 8 pa/ tea*+1 exhort+ ! ,israelites = ! la/ "t8 ,x w\ld make my sket* tiresome to burd5 x ) ! less important musical ev5ts *ronicl$ 9 sacr$ hi/ory1 l ! songs ( ,deborah1 ,hannah1 etc41 s ,i %all skip f\r c5turies1 ! musical ex]cises ( :i* seem to h be5 m>k$ by no extraord9>y occurr5ces1 unless we accept ! fall ( ,j]i*o z a musical ph5om5on4 ,at ! end ( ?is p]iod we come ^u ,david1 :o might appropriately be call$ ! ,isaiah ( our art1 = 8 songs voice ! conception ( a full1 free1 res\rceful musical fruition1 unmeasur$ z yet by ev5 ! greate/ compos]s :o h giv5 !m sett+s4 ,i4 ,samuel xvi4 makes ! fir/ m5tion ( ,david's musical capacity1--viz41 ,& ,saul said unto 8 s]vants1 ,provide me n[ a man t c play well1 & br+ him to me4444 ,& x came to pass1 :5 ! evil _s f ,god 0 ^u ,saul1 t ,david took a h>p1 & play$ ) 8 h&3 s ,saul 0 refre%$1 & 0 well1 & ! evil _s dep>t$ f him4 ,david's fir/ record$ psalm ( ?anksgiv+ is 9 ,,ii4 ,samuel xxii4 ,its p[]1 vivid imag]y1 & conception ( omnipot5ce h nev] be5 surpass$ by ! m9d ( man4 ,x is musically sugge/ive & inspir+1 b a compos] capable ( grasp+ its import might be aw$ into sil5ce1 = our art is /ill feeble to attempt su* flights4 ,a c>eful read+ ( v]ses five to eighte51 inclusive1 w yield an und]/&+ ( my feel+s 9 reg>d to ?is song4 ,!re is 9 mu* e>ne/ music a sub/ratum ( ecclesia/ical tone1 = ! deep] /r+s ( cultivat$ human responsiv5ess are attun$ to wor%ip4 ,our relation z creatures to ,god1 ! ,creator1 is ! prime factor 9 induc+ ?is condition1 b next to x ,biblical song mo/ influ5ces ! tr5d ( high musical aspiration4 ,^! influ5ces are insidi\s1 & _! fruits d n necess>ily betok5 design on ! "p ( ! compos]1 :o may be n at all dev\t2 b he1 hav+ imbib$1 9 common ) civiliz$ mank9d1 ! _s ( religion1 x p]meates1 & to "s ext5t *>act]izes1 8 highe/ ef=ts4 ,z long z man cont9ues to write music ,david w n cease to be "o ( ! mov+ lev]s 9 %ap+ 8 conceptions4 ,?is ecclesia/ical tone1 :5 pres5t1 does n usually manife/ itself 9 !mes1 nor 9 _! contrapuntal developm5t1 b 9 ! h>monic outl9es ^u :i* ^! elem5ts re/4 ,david is suppos$ to h writt5 ! l>g] numb] ( ! "o hundr$ & fifty ,psalms t h come d[n to u1 & x may be int]e/+ to trace "s ( ! musical colors sugge/$ by 8 m cle>ly manife/$ moods4 ,!y mirror ! deepe/ recesses ( 8 ,god-fe>+ & pat]nal he>t4 ,! ?irte5? ,psalm is a wail ( sorr[1 :i* is sav$ f s9k+ to despair by ,david's memory ( pa/ m]cies4 ,?is latt] elem5t is analog\s 9 ?is case to ! major h>monies 9 our mod]n m9or keys1 :i* l5d sugge/ions ( com+ brightness to our d>ke/ tone pictures4 ,9 ! n9ete5? ,psalm1 :i* beg9s1 ,! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ,god1 & ! firmam5t %ewe? 8 h&iwork1 we f9d a _s ( cont5t$ contemplation1 = :i* ^! quot$ l9es /rike ! key-note1 & ann\nce ! !me ) no unc]ta9 s\nd4 ,! tw5ty-?ird consi/s ( pa/oral similes1 :i* foll[ ea* o!r ) quiet b ev]-increas+ int5sity4 ,x is z full ( re/ful confid5ce & self-conta9$ en]gy z ! sl[ movem5t ( ,bee?ov5's ,fif? ,symphony4 ,x is too su/a9$ 9 its sequ5tial progress to af=d ! contra/s s ess5tial to compos]s ( m$iocre ability1 :i* may acc\nt = ! desecrations ( :i* x has be5 ! subject4 ,no?+ s te/s ! calibre ( a musician z logically gr[+ cont9uity4 ,?is ,psalm w\ld h f\nd an ideal sett+ 9 ,ba*'s l(ty s]5ity4 ,! _s ( exultation 9 ! praise ( ! ,almighty1 :i* is pres5t 9 ev5 ! sadd] mom5ts ( ,david's song1 fla%+ light ?r\gh its d\bts & sorr[s1 breaks into effulg5t glory 9 ! n9ety-eigh? ,psalm1 :i* has probably receiv$ m att5tion f compos]s ?an any o!r ,biblical text4 ,x has inspir$ mu* wond]ful music1 b a misconception ( ! _s :i* prompt$ ! la/ v]se has become traditional4 ,! psalmi/ did n invoke ! floods to clap _! h&s1 & ! hills to be joyful toge!r be=e ! ,"l1 9 ord] to propitiate ,god1 b to express ! joy he felt 9 anticipat+ ! adv5t ( ,him :o %\ld judge ! p ) equity4 ,to be consi/5t1 ! compos] %\ld set ?is s5tim5t 9 broad gr&eur1 z ! culm9ation ( 8 musical s*eme4 ,^! examples w suffice to illu/rate1 9 a sup]ficial way1 ! sugge/ive ri*ness ( ,david's ,psalms4 ,isaiah1 9 *apt] v4 #ab1 says1 ,& ! h>p & ! viol1 ! tabret & pipe1 & w9e1 are 9 _! fea/s2 inde$1 ! prophet makes repeat$ ref]5ces to music1 b n 9 su* mann] z to end[ 8 *ronicle ) special import to u4 ,i w close ?is *apt] ) two in/ances f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! fir/ occurr$ 9 connection ) ! ,"l's ,supp]1--viz41 aft] ! adm9i/ration ( ! sacram5t1 & :5 !y _h sung a hymn !y w5t out into ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,?is quiet hymn w n cease to e*o ?r\gh ! univ]se until we are enabl$ to realize ,/4 ,john's vision ( heav5ly music1 :i* z describ$ 9 ,revelation 7fif? *apt]7 w\ld =m a fitt+ climax to e>?ly musical ef=t4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,music ,,f ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,notation ,,to ,,date ,! sweep ( ev5ts 9 ?is new era has be5 s gr& 9 its cumulative mom5tum & high t5d5cy1 t "o is q z mu* emb>rass$ by its ri*ness 9 data z by ! pov]ty ( ! old] p]iod4 ,at ! op5+ ( its second era music began to make hi/ory1 & _m pa9/ak+ & erudite m5 h devot$ ! be/ ye>s ( _! lives to collat+ h] records2 we are !re=e amply suppli$ ) books ( ref]5ce1 :i* fact w\ld seem to ju/ify me 9 /ill fur!r pursu+ ! pa? m>k$ out by my individual impressions4 ,my d$uctions & !ories may n always foll[ beat5 pa?s2 inde$1 ,i am only l$ to discuss ! well-kn[n ev5ts ( ?is era by ! hope t ^! digressions may af=d my read]s new po9ts ( view1 & ?us1 p]haps1 incite !m to acquire a m intimate k ( ! nature ( music4 ,be=e comm5c+ our explorations ,i %\ld l to emphasize ! !ory advanc$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii41--viz41 t ! progress ( musical evolution is m or less rapid z ! quality ( its culture environm5t is bett] or less well suit$ to its requirem5ts4 ,great compos]s are n ecc5tric gr[?s1 b !y are ! natural fruits ( ! conditions into :i* !y are born & 9 :i* !y create4 ,acorns ?r[n ^u b>e rocks w decay2 plant$ 9 s&s expos$ to ! viol5t w9ds f ! sea1 !y gr[ into gn>l$ scrubs2 b if !y fall into a soil possess+ qualities calculat$ to exp& _! inh]5t g]ms1 !y become noble oaks1 diff]+ 9 size accord+ to ! ass]tive vitality ( _! sev]al g]ms & to ! impulses :i* !y receive f e>? & sky4 ,^! conditions also m\ld _! =ms1 = _! bran*es rea* out = sunlight & ra9 j z _! root-t5drils seek m sub/antial1 b no m necess>y1 su/5ance4 ,?is que/ gives direction to _! gr[?4 ,! =e/ giants are l our ,ba*1 ,bee?ov51 ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann1 & ,wagn]2 !y1 l ^! musical giants1 t[] above _! fell[s4 ,our musicians spread _! roots out into ! pa/ 7into ! k ( :at o!rs h a*iev$71 _! aspirations are w>m$ into activity by ! sunlight ( widely diffus$ culture1 & _! creations take =m f _! surr\nd+s4 ,to illu/rate my !ory3 if ,bee?ov5 7 n[ liv+ & compos+ music1 x w\ld necess>ily diff] z mu* f t :i* he did produce1 9 =m & means1 z our life conditions & modes diff] f ^? ( sev5ty-five ye>s ago1 = su* a g5ius w\ld be quick to feel ! pres5ce ( new elem5ts 9 ei!r 8 mat]ial surr\nd+s or art atmosph]e4 ,"s ( ^! new elem5ts are helpful to ! compos]1 :ile o!rs t5d to /ifle 8 spontaneity or to di/ort ! outl9es & too mu* bright5 ! colors ( 8 tone pictures4 ,9 ! fir/ class ,i w\ld put ! univ]sal increase ( musical intellig5ce2 ! me*anical devices1 :i*1 z appli$ to ! organ1 piano1 & mo/ ( ! or*e/ral w9d in/rum5ts1 greatly increase _! effici5cy2 ,b]lioz's idea ( color integrity1 :i* has revolutioniz$ or*e/ral writ+2 ! decrease ( conv5tionality 9 =m2 ! great] int5sity 9 h>monic successions2 & ! some:at ,ba*-l import ) :i* ! writ] ( to-day attempts to end[ ! bass & middle voices4 ,at ! head ( ! second class 7h>mful elem5ts7 ,i %\ld place ! imm5se practicality ( our age1 :i* intrudes its /eam pl\ghs ^u our rural pictures1 &1 ) its un5d+ procession ( me*anical innovations1 cr[ds poetic fancy into d>k recesses1 :]e %e survives b does n ?rive2 !n comes ! fev]i% ha/e to become ri* or fam\s1 :i* s dom9ates our g5]ation z to di/urb ! contemplative moods ( ! arti/1 imp>t+ sometimes a sugge/ion ( prosaic utility to 8 creations1 & 9 o!r cases end[+ !m ) incongru\s =m & colors2 & la/1 b n lea/1 comes ! mod]n habit ( self-introspection1 :i*1 spr++ f a laudable desire to reason philosophically1 smo!rs spontaneity4 ,bee?ov5 w\ld h rebell$ aga9/ ^! adv]se conditions1 b he w\ld nev]!less h be5 influ5c$ by !m4 ,8 _s w defy "t1 b 8 models & me?ods h become antiquat$4 ,a mod]n compos]1 h[ev] gift$1 c\ld n foll[ !m )\t sacrific+ 8 claims to recognition4 ,we will+ly all[ ,ba* & ,bee?ov5 to transport u back into _! times1 & we draw refre%m5t f ! natural atmosph]e t p]vades !m1 b w\ld reject a mod]n product :i* embodi$ simil> elem5ts2 = !y w\ld1 9 su* case1 be artificial1 n ! elem5ts sugge/$ by & *>act]i/ic ( an emotional mood4 ,notation1 :i* def9$ musical a*ievem5ts1 & ?us fitt$ ea* /age ( developm5t to s]ve z a /epp+-/one to =mulat$ art1 0 unacc\ntably long 9 com+4 ,!re is no absolute c]ta9ty z to :o inv5t$ our pres5t sy/em ( writ+ music1 b ! honor is usually accr$it$ to ,hu*bold1 ( ,fl&]s 7#hdj-icj74 ,he 0 a le>n$ ,b5$ict9e monk & an ard5t work] 9 ! field ( music4 ,hu*bold c]ta9ly employ$ a =m ( notation at lea/ sugge/ive ( t n[ 9 use1 b1 accord+ to "s hi/orians1 ,hu*bold's own writ+s m5tion ! device z if n orig9al ) him4 ,he left examples ( "p writ+1 :i*1 h[ev]1 m>k no improvem5t on ! impli$ me?ods ( ! anci5t ,egyptians 7sugge/$ ?r\gh ! mural pa9t+s ref]r$ to 9 ,*apt] ,,ii471 = 8 voices progress 9 p>allel f\r?s1 fif?s1 & octaves1 & consequ5tly h no indep5d5t significance4 ,! e>lie/ example ( mod]n notation is to be se5 9 ! ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral4 ,x is ! sett+ ( a pray]1 & is suppos$ to h be5 writt5 9 #ajaf ,a4,d4 ,engl& also claims to h furni%$ ! fir/ example ( contrapuntal composition1--a f\r-voic$ canon ) two free bassi1 writt5 91 or prior to1 #abdj4 ,if ?is be au!ntic1 x is a ph5om5on1 l ?und] out ( a cle> sky1 = !re 0 n at t "t1 nor = ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds1 any manife/ sci5tific t5d5cy 9 ,engl&'s musical me?ods4 ,?is piece may h be5 a direct or indirect product ( ! ,fl&]s s*ool1 ( :i* ,hu*bold 0 ! prog5itor4 ,?is le>n$ prie/1 :o /rove to mat]ialize & co-ord9ate musical means 7n its _s71 may be tak5 z an index ( ! intellectual b5t ( 8 "t 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ^: p1 undaunt$ by human foes1 or by ! m m]ciless sea1 :i* 0 a p]petual m5ace to _! v exi/5ce1 devot$ mu* att5tion to ! developm5t ( ! arts & sci5ces & to build+ up indu/ries4 ,_! intellig5t & p]si/5t ent]prise wall$ out ! ,nor? ,sea & made x a tractable s]vant1 & creat$ on ^? reclaim$ m>%es a civilization :i* = sev]al hundr$ ye>s repres5t$ ! highe/ atta9m5ts ( man4 ,?is e>ne/ness ( "* & high culture 7 cong5ial elem5ts to ! gr[? ( music1 & !re is abundant evid5ce t _! complem5t1 a di/9ct s5se = s\nd expression1 0 n want+1 = ,ta9e1 9 8 ,art 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 says1 ,o!r p cultivate music2 to !m x seems an in/9ct4 ,x is n /range t ?is in/9ct1 c\pl$ ) ! p]petuat$ _s ( ,hu*bold1 %\ld h produc$ a =mulat$ art at t propiti\s /age 9 music's evolution4 ,music itself _h become a ripe impulse1 ready & wait+ = j su* conditions4 ,! ,fl&]s s*ool adju/$ tone relation%ips & inv5t$ c\nt]po9t & canon4 ,john ,o/eghem & 8 pupil ,despres 7 ! greate/ ma/]s ( t initial s*ool1 :i* = ne>ly two c5turies1 beg9n+ ) ! middle ( ! f\rte5?1 furni%$ all ! ,european c\rts ) s+]s1 in/rum5tali/s1 & compos]s4 ,_! m elaborate music 0 writt5 = ! ,*ur*1 & a damp] 0 consequ5tly put ^u production by ! ,re=mation1 :i* greatly simplifi$ religi\s obs]vances & clos$ *oir doors to ! compos]s ( ambiti\s works4 ,be=e ! developm5t ( op]a & ! in/itution ( ! conc]t or*e/ra & *orus1 ! ,*ur* 0 ! sole patron ( high musical endeavor4 ,=tunately1 ! ,ne!rl&s musicians _h =e/all$ ! calamit\s results ( ?is religi\s revolution ?r\gh ! e/abli%m5t ( cons]vatories ( music 9 ,v5ice & ,naples4 ,!y transplant$ _! k & high aspirations into sunny & ,ca?olic ,italy1 :]e !y fl\ri%$ & bore fruit aft] _! native l& _h ceas$ to be musically supreme4 ,a new art is unavoidably ov]-cons]vative4 ,! natural laws1 ^u :i* x is f\nd$1 hold its devotees to lit]al con=mity until exp]i5ce has evolv$ a s5se ( _! broad] mean+4 ,!y are 9 reality b rigid outl9es1 drawn 9 accordance ) fundam5tal art adju/m5ts1 ! recognition ( :i* saves ! curv$ l9es ( our fancy's pictures f abnormity & *aos4 ,!y are q analog\s to ! anatomical k :i* is ess5tial to ! arti/1 :o con=ms to its g5]al requirem5ts & /ill end[s 8 figures ) individual "*4 ,! ,ne!rl& music ( t p]iod 0 m intellectual ?an emotional2 !re=e1 tak+ ! comp>ative *>act]i/ics ( ! two peoples into acc\nt1 we c b reg>d ! migration ( ! focus ( musical activity to ,italy z an extremely =tunate ev5t2 beside ! fact t ?is *ange ( base avoid$ delay 9 evolution1 or possible decad5ce4 ,! emotional ,italians w\ld n h made music's f\ndation z deep or z broad1 b !y 7 well fitt$ to contribute grace & beauty to its sup]/ructure4 ,! s5su\s elem5t 9 music is almo/ :olly a reflex ( ,italian temp]am5t4 ,we nor!rn peoples1 recogniz+ ! p[] inh]5t 9 ?is quality1 cultivate x ) m or less success1 b x is an exotic 9 our cold] natures4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ,italian "* music soon began to assume m graceful l9es1 pur] euphony1 & ri*] significance4 ,sci5ce 0 fur!r develop$1 b x 0 treat$ z a means1 subject to individual conceptions4 ,! success ( ?is s*ool transplant$ f ! ,ne!rl&s to ,italy culm9at$ 9 ! production ( ,pale/r9a 7#aebd-aeid71 ! fir/ high-prie/ ( our f9ally cl>ifi$ art4 ,! inh]5t qualities ( music1 :i* 7 consid]$ at "s l5g? 9 ,*apt]s ,i4 & ,,ii41 make our art exclusive4 ,!y wall x ab\t1 =m+ an out] temple1 an inn] temple1 & a holie/ ( holies4 ,! fir/ is accessible to all s9c]e & responsive adh]5ts ( ! musical fai?4 ,! second is = ^? :o m9i/]1 prie/s d$icat$ to ! s]vice4 ,to ! inn]mo/ sanctu>y1 :i* holds ! pres5ce ( our musical goddess1 ,a>on-l high-prie/s alone are admitt$1 b ! song inc5se :i* !y br+ =? diffuses itself1 fill+ ! inn] & ! out] temples to _! f>!rmo/ recesses4 ,x is prim>ily to ! m9i/rations ( ^! high-prie/s t we owe ! widely diffus$ musical culture ( to-day4 ,x %all !re=e be "o ( my tasks to trace ! *>act]i/ic influ5ce ( ea* "o ( ?is l9e1 ^: creations w endure ?r\gh\t "t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( music's ref9+ %e _h necess>ily become m & m exclusive1 less accessible 9 h] ev] high] e/ate to co>se & uncultivat$ mank9d4 ,?is exclusiv5ess _h f ! fir/ /ep 9 evolution be5 rais+ ! walls ( our n[ f9i%$ temple4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pale/r9a ,by p]mission ( ,e4 ,h4 ,s*ro$]1 ,b]l9 ,al?\gh mo/ ( ,italy's e>ly music1 l t ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 0 writt5 = ! ,*ur*1 ,pale/r9a 0 ! fir/ compos] to /rike a cle> ecclesia/ical tone4 ,! t5d5cy _h be5 t[>ds brilliancy1 ) a season+ ( unbecom+ s5tim5tality1 & ,pope ,m>celli1 realiz+ ! inappropriat5ess ( su* musical sett+s1 conf]r$ ) ?is ris+ g5ius1 & commission$ him1 9 #aefc1 to write a mass consi/5t ) ! _s ( wor%ip4 ,pale/r9a's ?ird attempt result$ 9 ! great ,pope ,m>celli ,mass1 :i* is to-day z acceptable a model = *ur* music z x 0 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,i h *os5 ,pale/r9a z ! fir/ high-prie/ because he1 l 8 successors1 ,ba*1 ,bee?ov51 ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann1 & ,wagn]1 0 a creator1 & because 8 works1 l !irs1 exhale ! inc5se ( ! holie/ ( holies2 an inc5se :i*1 unlike all o!rs1 ga9s p[] ) ! passage ( "t4 ,pale/r9a's works are *>act]iz$ by l(ty purpose & by logically audaci\s me?ods4 ,8 voice lead+ 0 s smoo? & melodic z to prompt "o ( ! mo/ erudite ( liv+ musicians1 :o 0 at fir/ an anti-,wagn]ite1 to say t ,wagn] began ) ,mey]be] & end$ ) ,pale/r9a2 mean+ 9 ! latt] comp>ison to pay ! highe/ possible tribute to ! contrapuntal skill & musical me?ods ( ! writ] ( ,die ,mei/]s+]4 ,besides ,pale/r9a1 ,sc>latti & ,p]golesi 7 ! only e>ly ,italian compos]s ^: music outliv$ ! g5]ation 9 :i* x 0 writt54 ,sc>latti wrote op]as1 b x is ?r\gh 8 piano-=te music t 8 "n has be5 kept alive4 ,p]golesi1 :o appe>$ on ! sc5e ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s lat] ?an ,pale/r9a1 wrote op]as :i* 7 receiv$ ) wild en?usiasm4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ,italy's supremacy 7#aejj-agjj7 _m =ms ( composition 7 orig9at$1 & _m me*anical devices = record+ & p]=m+ music 7 inv5t$ or p]fect$4 ,among ! =m] 7 ! fugue1 ! oratorio1 ! latt] ( :i* 0 at fir/ responsive 7alt]nat+ music & read+71 b soon assum$ its pres5t "*1 ! mass1 & ! op]a4 7,x is a/oni%+ t ,montev]de's op]as ,arianna & ,orfeo1 produc$ 9 #afjg-h1 embody to "s degree ,wagn]'s idea ( consi/5t musical drama47 ,! organ1 viol91 & piano-=te 7 improv$1 ! flageolet1 cl>ionet1 bassoon1 music type1 pun*es1 & metal plates 7 inv5t$1 ! fir/ op]a-h\se 0 built 79 ,v5ice71 & ! elem5ts ( mod]n or*e/ra 7w9d1 /r+$1 & p]cussion in/rum5ts7 7 =mally comb9$4 ,fl&]s' light _h %one into ,france & ,engl&1 _h awak5$ ! p ( ^? l&s to a s5se ( music's lat5t possibilities1 & we f9d !m work+ intellig5tly & ) good results2 b our pres5t aim is to foll[ ! ma9 /ream ( musical developm5t1 guid$ by ! successive beacon-lights ( a*ievem5t1 along its c\rse4 ,we w lat] trace ^! less] tribut>ies4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury two lights ( dazzl+ brilliancy draw our gaze f ,italy to ,g]many4 ,! direct influ5ce ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 :i* made a deep & la/+ impression on ! sl[1 b e>ne/1 intellectual1 & song-lov+ ,g]mans1 _h quick5$ _! susceptibilities1 & _h made !m responsive to ! rip] musical developm5t ( ,italy4 ,! ,teutonic "* is less emotional & impulsive ?an ! ,italian1 b x is m me?odical1 m romantic1 & deep]4 ,x is m l t ( ! ,ne!rl&]s1 b 9 measur+ _! /atus we mu/ n =get t at ! p]iod ( :i* ,i write two hundr$ ye>s _h pass$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( music's decad5ce 9 ! nor!rn fir/ home4 ,! ,re=mation1 :i* _h su* a depress+ effect ^u t initial art1 incit$ ^! less sci5tifically musical p to song4 ,lu!r1 :o co-ord9at$ ! mod]n ,g]man language1 also /ruck a song tone1 :i* set ! he>ts ( 8 race into sympa!tic vibration4 ,! *oral voices ! deepe/ /rata ( ,g]man "*1 & its _s e*oes ?r\gh _! m e>ne/ works1--9 ! sub/ratum1 m5tion$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iii41--s ! ,re=mation m>ks ! beg9n+ ( ,g]many's musical culture1 :i* "u direct & indirect guidance & incitem5t f ,italy grew sub/antially & broad5$ until ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 ! appe>ance ( ,hndel & ,ba* evid5ces a nor?w>d turn 9 ! /ream ( developm5t4 ,! ,italians _h contribut$ ! mo/ pot5t qualities ( _! nature to ?is /ream1 & n[ ! ,g]mans add$ _! deep feel+1 intellectual =ce1 & some:at lat] _! romance4 ,z w be se51 ,italy _h n ent]$ an inactive era1 b ,g]many at ?is p]iod took fir/ place among ! factors ( evolution1 a place %e /ill holds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ba* ,my !ory 9 reg>d to ! ess5tial "* ( widely diffus$ int]e/ 9 music f9ds full endorsem5t 9 ! conditions :i* prevail$ at t "t1 & /ill cont9ue 9 ,g]many4 ,lu!r's *orals 7 writt5 = & 7 sung by ! p4 ,ea* wor%ipp] f\nd 9 !m a conveyance = 8 devotional feel+s4 ,?is feature ( *ur* s]vice1 ?is song ess5ce1 gradually p]meat$ e-day life & bore wond]ful fruit2 produc$ a really musical nation1 out ( :i* our second high-prie/1 ,johann ,seba/ian ,ba*1 & 8 less ,g]man contempor>y1 ,george ,fr$]ick ,hndel1 c\ld arise4 ,be=e ! adv5t ( ^! giants ,g]many _h writt5 & p]=m$ num]\s op]as1 & _h 9 v>i\s ways manife/$ high aspirations1 b h] musicians _h compos$ no monum5tal works4 ,h] e>ly tr\bad\rs1 ( :om ,wal!r von d] ,vogelweide 0 ! greate/1 & ! ,mei/]sng]1 ( :om ,hans ,sa*s1 :o liv$ #adid-aegf1 0 ! mo/ gift$1 left no record ( _! melodies4 ,! v exi/5ce ( ^! ,mei/]sng] guilds = hundr$s ( ye>s %[s vitality ( purpose & high aim4 ,spurr$ on to ev] high] accompli%m5t by fri5dly rivalry1 ^! guilds d\btless contribut$ mu* to ! lyric /ra9 9 ! ,g]man nature1 & !re=e to ! ultimate greatness ( _! ,fa!rl&4 ,! la/ ( ^! guilds 0 disb&$ at ,ulm 9 #ahcf4 ,ba* 0 ! mightie/ man :o has compos$ music4 ,a writ] :o saw him says1 ,8 black eyes1 %9+ out ( 8 massive head1 look$ l flames bur/+ f a rock4 ,he 0 ! desc5dant ( a l9e t 0 bo? m5tally & physically /alw>t4 ,8 remote/ traceable ance/or 0 a bak] :o migrat$ f ,hung>y to ,saxony1 & 8 son1 ,johann ,seba/ian's great-gr&fa!r1 0 a c>pet-weav] & musician4 ,! two succe$+ g5]ations devot$ !mselves exclusively to music1 & !y furni%$ half ,?ur+ia ) capable musicians4 ,_! consci5ti\s "w1 h[ev]1 gave no premonition ( ! com+ sublime climax 9 _! family a*ievem5ts4 ,johann ,seba/ian ,ba* inh]it$ an iron w1 self-abnegation1 & devotion to art4 ,8 conceptions so>$ s f> above ! exi/+ traditions1 & he did s little to attract public att5tion1 t he 0 b slightly he$$ dur+ 8 lifetime2 inde$1 x requir$ a c5tury aft] 8 dea? & ! appreciation ( a ,m5delssohn to make ! _w realize t a v]itable god _h liv$ among m54 ,! mode/ cantor ( ,leipzig's ,/4 ,?omas' s*ool 0 oblig$ to /ruggle to support 8 l>ge family1 b he made no concessions to prevail+ ta/e2 he did n dep>t f ! l9es ( 8 ideal to secure popul>ity4 ,he pati5tly submitt$ to :atev] tea*+-drudg]y 0 necess>y to e>n bread = 8 *ildr51 b :5 seat$ on 8 organ-b5* or :5 he took 8 quill 9 h& he admitt$ no o!r allegiance ?an t to art1 & no o!r impulse ?an t :i* prompt$ him to s]ve h] ) 8 fulle/ p[]s4 ,! =ce1 dignity1 simple lovel9ess1 pa?os1 & gr&eur :i* 9 turn *>act]ize 8 conceptions are s wond]ful1 :5 consid]$ z products ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 t !y & 8 s]5e indiff]5ce to recognition /amp him a unique man1--a musical ,messiah4 ,ba*'s v]satility1 facility1 & physical endurance 7 z rem>kable 9 _! way z 0 ! quality ( 8 creations4 ,he wrote = organ1 piano1 viol91 = voices unaccompani$ & ) organ or or*e/ra1 & ass]t$ 8 ma/]y 9 ea* & all ( ^! fields4 ,8 pres]v$ writ+s w\ld busy a copyi/ t5 h\rs p] day = f\rte5 ye>s1 & /ill ,ba*1 9 ! abs5ce ( o!r outlets1 f\nd "t to engrave mu* ( 8 own music4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! t>dy appreciation ( 8 "* & works1 :i* h at la/ fill$ ! _w ) adoration1 may p5etrate ! ,beyond & w>m 8 he>t t[>ds mank9d1 :o dur+ 8 life s little fa?om$ ! dep?s ( 8 emotions & fail$ to see ! l(t9ess ( 8 ideals4 ,hndel 0 also great1 unless comp>$ ) 8 great] contempor>y4 ,8 be/ "w 0 ! oratorio ,israel 9 ,egypt4 ,8 /yle 0 a mixture ( ,italian grace & ,g]man vigor4 ,he 0 a ma/] ( vocal res\rces1 & 8 works are !re=e /rong 9 sonority1 & grateful to bo? s+]s & he>]s4 ,hndel wrote flu5tly1 b ) a less su/a9$ e>ne/ness ?an ,ba*1 & 8 compositions h done m to fo/] *orus s++ ?an h all o!r ag5cies comb9$2 = :i* reason ! musical _w is b dis*>g+ a j debt 9 assign+ to him ! place ( honor on its vocal rep]toires4 ,( ^! two ma/]s1 ,hndel wrote less involv$ly4 ,ba* dep5d$ ^u ! legitimate developm5t ( 8 !mes1 :]eas ,hndel (t5 resort$ to tone masses1--0 m h>monic ?an contrapuntal4 ,soon aft] ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! ev]-ris+ flood ( musical culture became highe/ 9 ,vi5na4 ,?is result$ q z mu* f ! city's contiguity to ,italy1 ^: lyric spr+s _h by no means run dry1 z f ! /ream ( nor!rn influ5ce4 ,musical intellig5ce _h by ?is "t become s diffus$ t bright lights %[$ !mselves at _m po9ts on ! horizon1 b ,vi5na 0 made respl5d5t by a galaxy t illum9$ h] musical life & prep>$ h] = our ?ird & f\r? high-prie/s1 ,bee?ov5 & ,s*ub]t4 ,! mo/ brilliant ( ?is galaxy 7 ,haydn1 ,moz>t1 & ,gluck1 ea* & all ( :om bequea!d treasures to ! _w surpass$ 9 value only by ^? ) :i* our prie/ly l9e end[$ u4 ,papa ,haydn gave expression to 8 pure aspirations & *ildlike simplicity 9 symphonies1 /r+$ qu>tets1 & o!r ensemble works1 & 9 l>ge vocal compositions4 ,! ,creation & ,seasons are 8 mo/ ambiti\s writ+s4 ,few ( ,haydn's works h great intellectual p[]1 b !y are z refre%+ z rural sc5es or well-told tales4 ,moz>t & ,gluck w be necess>ily discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,v41 s ,i w pass !m n[4 ,bee?ov5 0 our ?ird high-prie/1 because 8 some:at e>li] appe>ance entitles him to prec$5ce ov] 8 lat] coadjutor4 ,! ,vi5na s*ool _h orig9at$ or evolv$ ! sonata =m1 _h end[$ music ) m su/a9$ & m cle>ly def9$ melody1 ri*] h>monic color1 & dramatic p[]1 & _h greatly enri*$ ! or*e/ra2 s ,bee?ov5 began 8 "w ) f> ampl] res\rces at 8 comm& & m f]tile traditions 9 :i* to root 8 art ?an _h any ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,bee?ov5 0 l ,ba* 9 _m ( 8 *>act]i/ics2 he 0 self-reliant1 manfully t5d]1 & =cible )\t viol5ce4 ,8 be/ conceptions are s high & noble t !y leave human frailties f> beh9d & sugge/ ! music ( ! sph]es1 b he 0 less con/ant 9 8 fidelity to art ?an ,ba*2 n because he yield$ to pressure f )\t1 b because ( 8 impati5t nature1 :i* at times impell$ him to foll[ r\t9e r ?an wait = inspiration to outl9e 8 c\rse4 ,?is result$ 9 lapses1 :i* w1 :5 awe has giv5 place to discrim9at+ judgm5t1 lead ! musical _w to disc>d "s ( 8 n[ bl9dly accept$ works4 ,?is is to be desir$1 = ^? :o pr(ess to1 or actually d1 d]ive pleasure f all ( ,bee?ov5's works are ei!r untrue to !mselves1 or !y are incapable ( responsiv5ess to 8 supreme mom5ts1 :i* produc$ su* wond]s ( tonal expression z ,fidelio & ! ,eroica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bee?ov5 ,x w n matt] :at =ms music may assume 9 ! c\rse ( h] fur!r evolution1 ,bee?ov5's m int5sely individual creations w reta9 _! monum5tal "*1 look+ s]5ely ^u pass+ g5]ations ( mank9d l ! ,pyramids1 b ev5 less p]i%able ?an !y4 ,9 scann+ ,bee?ov5's me?ods & ! _s :i* p]vades 8 compositions1 z comp>$ ) ^? ( ,ba*1 we mu/ take cognizance ( ! diff]5t social & musical conditions :i* prevail$ 9 _! respective p]iods4 ,europe 01 at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 %ak+ (f h] p[d]$ wigs & _! att5dant au/]ity4 ,culture 0 becom+ m confid5t & audaci\s1 & music reflect$ ! features ( h] new environm5t 9 increas$ g5iality & bread? ( scope4 ,bee?ov5's me?ods 7 q oppos$ to ^? employ$ by ,ba*4 ,! =m] drew a gr& sweep ( outl9e1 & !n us$ c\nt]po9t z a contributive elem5t1 :]eas !matic c\nt]po9t 0 ! sub/ance ( ,ba*'s creations1--! tissue :i* gave !m =m4 ,ea* 0 a reflex ( ! noble/ t5d5cies ( 8 "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s*ub]t ,by p]mission ( ,e4 ,h4 ,s*ro$]1 ,b]l9 ,i approa* ,s*ub]t1 our f\r? high-prie/1 ^: m9i/rations1 com+ 9 conjunction ) ^? ( ,bee?ov51 make _! epo* ! mo/ rem>kable "o 9 music's c>e]1 ) wond] = 8 a*ievem5ts & regret = 8 half-liv$ life4 ,t :i* 0 s beautifully said ( ,keats1 ,life ( a long life cond5s$ to a m]e drop1 & fall5 l a te> ^u ! _w's *eek1 to make x burn =ev]1 w\ld apply equally to ,s*ub]t4 ,he 0 born into a p]iod t _h already manife/$ lyric t5d5cies1 b he 0 an inexhau/ible spr+1 f :i* limpid melody gu%$ 9 ev]-increas+ volume1 fill+ 8 e musical s*eme to repletion4 ,nature made ,s*ub]t ! greate/ musical g5ius ! _w has se51 & _h 8 life b rea*$ complet5ess1 he w\ld1 p]haps1 h drawn f 8 emotional well-spr+ great] symphonies ?an ! ,c major & ! ,unf9i%$4 ,s*ub]t 0 virtually ! orig9ator ( ! mod]n song1 :i* has be51 & always w be1 a great solace to mank9d4 ,x is at ! same "t ! mo/ practical1 because ! mo/ easily und]/ood1 means ( educat+ musical in/9ct into sympa?y ) ! _s t p]vades m elaborate =ms4 ,! associat$ texts make cle> _! musical import1 & ! appreciation ( "o really good composition places u on a vantage-gr\nd f :i* we c bett] compreh5d o!rs4 ,s*ub]t requir$ ! song z a ready outlet = 8 lyric productiv5ess1 & wrote twelve hundr$ ( !m )\t r$undancies & ) always def9ite & di/+ui%+ significance4 ,_m gift$ compos]s h put _! mo/ felicit\s fancies into ?is fireside =m1 b al?\gh "s h sung m impassion$ly1 & o!rs h plac$ _! melodies 9 ri*] sett+s1 no "o has be5 s uni=mly adequate z ,franz ,s*ub]t4 ,s*umann1 ,franz1 & ,j5s5 always please1 & !y (t5 excite our wond] by ! beauty & adaptability ( _! song conceptions1 b ,s*ub]t's songs d n express1 !y embody1 moods & s5tim5ts4 ,8 fl[ ( melody 0 s fre% & /rong t 9 in/rum5tal compositions x (t5 c>ri$ him to uncommon l5g?4 ,! ,g]mans call 8 ,c major symphony ,! ,symphony ( ,heav5ly ,l5g?4 ,?is phrase q aptly describes ! "w1 = an idea ( its proportions1 & ( ! quality :i* prev5ts !m f be+ prohibitory1 are bo? voic$ by ! expressive adjective employ$1 ,s*ub]t sc>cely liv$ to maturity1 b he disp5s$ su* unalloy$ b5efits t 8 "n w be =ev] en%r9$ 9 ! he>ts ( ^? :o love pure music4 ,dur+ all ?is "t culture _h be5 mak+ great /rides1 & a compreh5sive glance1 at ! "t ( ,s*ub]t's dea?1 w\ld h reveal$ all ,europe aflood ) musical en?usiasm4 ,or*e/ras 7 multipli$ & improv$1 gr& *orus organizations 7 f\nd$1 & in/itutions = ! education ( musical aspirants 7 e/abli%$ "u ! patronage ( v>i\s gov]nm5ts4 ,out ( ?is condition come two bright lights t rivet our att5tion ^u ,cantor ,ba*'s old home z ! c5tre ( influ5ce4 ,our /ream ( developm5t1 :i* 0 a rivulet z x fl[$ f ,fl&]s1 soon became a mighty riv]1 & has n[ ov]fl[$ its banks & =m$ a great sea ( culture4 ,m5delssohn 0 "o ( ! mo/ g5ial *>act]s t we meet 9 ! annals ( music4 ,8 education & temp]am5t made ! adequate adju/m5t ( res\rces to ! fulfilm5t ( 8 s*emes almo/ intuitive2 b 8 conceptions !mselves1 al?\gh inv>iably r\nd & poetic1 usually lack ! bold l9es & ! deep import t h di/+ui%$ ! creations ( our high-prie/s4 ,human *>act]s1 l =e/-trees1 seem to ne$ exposure to try+ w9ds1 :i* if successfully wea!r$ only /r5g!n _! fibres & loos5 ! soil ab\t _! roots1 s t !y may spread out & ext5d d[nw>d to fre% & deep] s\rces ( impulse4 ,x may be t ,m5delssohn's life conditions 7 too peaceful1 t he 0 too mu* %elt]$ f c>e & adv]sity to fully develop ! dep? & nobility ( 8 nature1 :i* fla%es out 9 "s p>ts ( ,sa9t ,paul & ,elijah1 & p]vades ! ,walpurgis ,night4 ,8 happy disposition f\nd its mo/ *>act]i/ic expression 9 inimitable s*]zi & works ( t less emotional class4 ,m5delssohn's elegance ( /yle1 ri*ness ( color1 & 8 p]sonality caus$ a wave ( imitation to set across musical production1 b x soon subsid$1 = only ! mo/ /alw>t me?ods endure ! dilution incid5t to _! adoption by less] tal5t )\t deg5]at+ to insipid weakness4 ,m5delssohn's greate/ s]vice to ! musical _w 0 r5d]$ 9 8 p]si/5t advocacy ( ,ba*4 ,s*umann1 our fif? high-prie/1 _h to enc\nt] ! difficulties ( life 9 ! op5 field1 hav+ _h no social nor f9ancial brea/works f beh9d :i* he c\ld ignore ! arr[s ( outrage\s =tune4 ,8 pa? 0 /rewn ) ?orns1 & 0 unlight$ by recognition until ne> its end4 ,s*umann 0 n s consummate a ma/] ( c\nt]po9t z 0 ,m5delssohn1 b 8 /rong] individuality & deep] s5sibility fill$ 8 fancies ) epo*-mak+ qualities4 ,our art _h dur+ ! previ\s qu>t] c5tury tak5 on m int5sity1 great] fre$om 9 voice lead+1 &1 la/ ( all1 a well-def9$ romantic ve94 ,illu/ration3 ,,s*umann ,by p]mission ( ,e4 ,h4 ,s*ro$]1 ,b]l9 ,! fir/ two appeal$ /rongly to ,s*umann's nature1 z is evid5c$ by 8 writ+s1 = ! pictures ( 8 imag9+s are n peaceful pa/oral sc5es1 b depict /orms ( passion & emotional /ruggles4 ,romance %[s itself at times1 b x is n a di/+ui%+ elem5t4 ,s*umann wrote f\r symphonies1 ( :i* ! la/ "o he>d is always ! be/4 ,!y rank among ! few immortal works 9 ?is epic =m1 b entirely because ( ! individual "* ( _! s*emes & ! ri*ness ( _! musical texture1 = _! in/rum5tal colors are n adequate4 ,he succe$$ equally well 9 ensemble1 *orus1 & piano-=te music1 & 8 songs almo/ rival ^? ( ,s*ub]t1 b /range to say1 ! or*e/ra seems to h be5 a clos$ book to our fif? high-prie/4 ,s*umann _h1 9 8 impati5ce to ov]come ! weakness ( 8 f\r? or r+ f+]s1 employ$ a me*anical appliance :i* p]man5tly lam$ 8 h&s1 !reby da%+ 8 hopes ( becom+ a piano virtuoso4 ,?is is ! only record$ case 9 :i* viol5t me?ods h produc$ desirable fruits2 = !y usually dead5 ! n]ves only1 & result 9 /r5g? )\t facility1 & tone )\t beauty2 9 o!r words1 9 wood5 piani/s4 ,9 ?is case !y produc$ entire disability1 & =c$ ,s*umann into 8 prop] sph]e1--creation1--9 :i* he accompli%$ la/+ good1 :]eas ! b5efits to art ( ev5 ! highe/ grade ( virtuosity are comp>atively ephem]al4 ,8 love = ! piano-=te l$ him to /udy its capacities & limitations mo/ ?or\ghly1 ! consequ5ce be+ t 8 compositions = t in/rum5t are m grateful to ! f+]s & e>s ( piani/s ?an ^? ( any o!r classical compos]4 ,s*umann's music is m involv$ ?an ,bee?ov5's or ,s*ub]t's1 & 8 re/less passion f\nd expression 9 brok5 rhy?ms & 9 dissonant comp\nds1 :i*1 h[ev] !y may at fir/ impress u1 ga9 natural & deep significance ) close famili>ity4 ,he 0 ! fir/ compos] to feel & apply ! imm5se1 expressive res\rces inh]5t 9 rhy?m4 ,s*umann's qu9tet = /r+s & piano-=te is "o ( ! greate/ pieces ( ensemble music t has be5 writt51 & 8 piano conc]to 9 ,a m9or is1 to my m9d1 )\t a rival4 ,( 8 songs1 ! ,frau5 ,liebe und ,leb5 cyclus are1 :5 ! numb]s are consid]$ s+ly1 & !n 9 _! respective relations to 8 beautifully r\nd$ conception ( womanl9ess1 ! mo/ rem>kable1 al?\gh ! ,di*t] ,liebe is full ( gems1 & ! ,spr+ ,night is a picture :i* is m sugge/ive ( a magic w& ?an ( a human intellect4 ,our fif? high-prie/ 0 n alone a musician2 he 0 a philosoph] & ! able/ critic ! musical _w has se54 ,he 0 s broad t he c\ld be g5]\s z well z j1 z 0 %[n by 8 laudatory writ+s 9 reg>d to 8 rival1--,m5delssohn4 ,he e/imat$ ,wagn]'s crud] /age correctly1 & w\ld d\btless h become an adh]5t ( ! new fai? _h he liv$ to see its rip] fruits2 = he 0 always susceptible to manife/ations ( g5u9e creative ability & logical reason+4 ,! consid]ation ( ,wagn]1 ! six? 9 l9e1 involves ent]+ ^u a some:at new field1 & x w require s mu* space t ,i w give him1 8 =ms1 & 8 me?ods a sep>ate *apt]4 ,be=e und]tak+ t task x may be well to trace "s ( ! tribut>y influ5ces :i*1 foll[+ collat]al l9es1 h help$ to swell ! tide ( musical culture4 ,x w facilitate ! accompli%m5t ( ?is purpose to scan ! a*ievem5ts ( ea* nation sep>ately1 m5tion+ only su* individuals & ev5ts z 7 active ag5ts 9 fur!r+ ! cause4 ,france ev9c$ a v m>k$ int]e/ 9 music e>ly 9 its second era1 b h] good int5tions 7 sev]al hundr$ ye>s 9 cry/alliz+4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( an ,academy ( ,music 9 ,p>is 7#afgb7 0 ! fir/ really notewor?y ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,fr5* music4 ,tulli1 :o 0 its fir/ director1 0 a v able man4 ,he wrote op]as1 :i* 7 sung 9 ,fr5*1 & he creat$ ! *rysalis f :i* our symphony 0 lat] develop$4 ,al?\gh ! next hundr$ ye>s 7 n productive ( great m51 ,p>is _h at ! end ( t p]iod become attractive & cong5ial to su* ma/]s z ,gluck1 ,*]ub9i1 & ,picc9i4 ,?is %[s t %e _h educat$ a g5]ation ( intellig5t li/5]s1 & at lea/ a portion ( ! executants necess>y to ! p]=mance ( gr& op]a4 ,9 #agie ! ,cons]vatory 0 f\nd$1 :i* ev5t m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( t e>ne/1 organiz$ ef=t t has giv5 ! _w s _m r>e in/rum5tali/s & vocali/s4 ,! f9esse ( ! ,fr5* s*ool is delici\s :5 appli$ ) intellectual bread? suffici5t to prev5t its becom+ f9ical4 ,france has also produc$ numb]less compos]s1 b few :o h atta9$ to m ?an pass+ fame4 ,h] p are quick 9 _! p]ceptions1 & deft & da9ty 9 all t app]ta9s to /hetics4 ,!y are en?usia/ic lov]s ( su* music z does n require !m to ?9k e>ne/ly :ile foll[+ x1 b !y are emotionally volatile4 ,b]lioz is ! only ,fr5* compos] :o successfully resi/$ ! pressure ( ?is environm5t4 ,he 0 made ( /]n /uff1 & foll[$ ! prompt+s ( 8 muse )\t wav]+1 al?\gh %e (t5 dictat$ c\rses & me?ods t preclud$ imm$iate success ) ! public4 ,9 8 ,requiem ,mass1 :i* looks biz>re to a casual obs]v] ( ! score1 he uses ea* & all ( ! executive =ces1 an imm5se or*e/ra ) all possible accessories1 auxili>y brass corps1 *orus1 & soli1 ) su* ke5 appreciation ( individual quality & su* un]r+ judgm5t z to ! appropriate rle = ea* quality 9 ! gr& ensemble1 t ! effects he atta9s n only dis>m criticism1 !y fill "o ) awe4 ,/ill1 if we scrut9ize ,b]lioz's works closely1 we f9d t he 0 m a ,rub5s ?an a ,rembr&t1 = :ile 8 diction 0 (t5 m erratic ?an sequ5tial1 8 s5se ( tone color 0 s acute t x l$ him to inaugurate ! movem5t t is /ill 9 progress = purg+ music ( p]nici\s unisons re9=cem5ts4 ,( ! o!r notable ,fr5* compos]s1 ,g\nod is delightfully melodi\s1 b is too sweet to be entirely :olesome1 & ,sa9t-,sans 7half ,g]man 9 in/9ct & mann]7 is a ph5om5al ma/] ( in/rum5tation1 & he is v +5i\s1 b "o is seldom conv9c$ t 8 compositions h gr[n f emotional g]ms4 ,mass5et1 ,bizet1 & o!rs h writt51 or are writ+1 *>m+ music1 b x has little sub/antiality4 ,its *>ms are liable to eff]vesce1 l ! emotions ( ! ,p>is public4 ,! ,fr5* seem to res]ve all ( _! e>ne/ness = ! m tangible arts1 & = sci5ce1 to all ( :i* !y h contribut$ _! full %>e4 ,engl&'s musical c>e] has be5 unique4 ,! p ( t snug little isl& across ! *annel %\ld be an en?usia/ically happy race1 = nature end[$ _! l& ) f]tility & beauty1 & c5turies ( skillful cultivation h enhanc$ ^! virtues until ,albion's rural lovel9ess is to-day unequall$4 ,!y h exceptionally ri* traditions1 _! pr[ess 9 arms & a*ievem5ts 9 lit]ature1 sci5ce1 pictorial art1 & indu/ry furni% abundant gr\nds = _! national pride1 b x is a pity t _! bless+s h n made !m m demon/rative1 = /oical complac5cy is n good soil 9 :i* to gr[ an emotional art4 ,= ?is reason record$ ,engli% composition1 :i* began s unprec$5t$ly well 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ) ! inv5tion ( ! madrigal1 has n fulfill$ ! promise impli$ by t ev5t4 ,! ,engli% are a /urdy race1 & _! climate & out-(-door amusem5ts h end[$ _! voices ) uncommonly mell[ & tuneful qualities4 ,x is !re=e q natural t _! musical activities %\ld h be5 s l>gely c5tr$ 9 *orus s++1 :i* !y make peculi>ly sonor\s & arti/ically adequate4 ,?is *oral virtuosity is n a rec5t gr[?1 = x attract$ ,hndel 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 also recogniz$ by ,m5delssohn4 ,?is love = song has be5 mat]ially fo/]$ by ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 ^: elaborate s]vices h furni%$ compos]s ) bo? incitem5t & outlet4 ,mo/ ( ,engl&'s *oral works are dignifi$ & smoo?1 b !y lack int5sity4 ,!re is an elem5t 9 ,engli% 7& ,am]ican7 musical life ! evil influ5ce ( :i* _c be easily ov]-e/imat$3 x is ! popul> ballad4 ,9 !m ! be/ lyric texts 9 any language are associat$ ) musical conceptions :i* are usually s devoid ( arti/ic qualities & significance1 t no "o at all musical w\ld endure !m 7 x n = ! halo ca/ ab\t _! imbecility by ! poet's art1 :i* !y pr(ane4 ,! ,sc&9avian c\ntries1 & ,russia1 ,pol&1 & ,hung>y1 ea* ) its di/9ctive folk-song treasury & romantic traditions1 h1 dur+ ?is c5tury1 awak5$ to great musical activity1 & ea* ( !m has produc$ "o or m compos]s :o h made an impression on art evolution4 ,! fir/ nam$ h giv5 u ,sv5ds51 ,grieg1 & ,ham]ik1 n to m5tion ! arti/ic b less /alw>t ,gade1 ) _! weird & at times grotesque rhy?ms1 melodic cont\r1 & h>monies4 ,! s5sation produc$ by ^! ,sc&9avian song *>act]i/ics :5 fir/ br\ght to ! notice ( ! outside _w1 impell$ ^! tal5t$ m5 to incorporate !m into _! art4 ,?is 0 a mi/ake1 = great music is z broad z ! univ]se1 :]eas ! ve9 ( national song is n>r[ & only limit$ly fruitful4 ,_h ,sv5ds5 escap$ infection f ?is nor!rn piquancy1 he might possibly h fitt$ himself to we> high-prie/ly robes1 = 8 end[m5ts 7 ( ! highe/1 & 8 db z a compos] 0 />tl+ly brilliant4 ,russia's musical type is less pron\nc$ ?an ! ,sc&9avian4 ,h] produc]s h !re=e develop$ on cosmopolitan l9es4 ,ts*aik[ski1 :o 0 beyond comp>e ! mo/ gift$ compos] t ,russia has giv5 to ! _w1 may ) ! passage ( "t be recogniz$ z ! natural heir ( our prie/ly l9e4 ,8 emotional p[]1 clean-cut individuality 7orig9ality71 f9e s5se ( rhy?mic values & color comb9ations1 & 8 inexhau/ible lyric inv5tion place him at ! head ( symphoni/s ( 8 "t4 ,an ev5t :i* reflect$ honor on ! empire ( ! ,cz> 0 ! bir? )9 h] bord]s ( t giant ( all piani/s1 ,anton ,rub9/e94 ,i speak ( him z a piani/ r ?an z a compos]1 = :ile he (t5 %[$ ! possession ( uncommon creative faculties1 he 0 too diffuse1 seldom focuss$ 8 tonal diction to su* coh]5t /r5g? z w\ld make 8 writ+s comp>able ) 8 play+4 ,pol& gave u ,*op91 :o is ! "o exception to ! rules by :i* ,i h endeavor$ to trace ! successive /ages ( musical evolution4 ,all o!r compos]s h tak5 inh]it$ =ms & means1 & h m\ld$ !m into %apes comport+ ) ! _s ( _! individual conceptions1 & ev5 ^! conceptions 7 to a consid]able ext5t reflections ( _! environm5t4 ,bee?ov5 0 a mighty g5ius1 b he did n create an art type1 & 0 !re=e n1 9 a broad s5se1 orig9al1 :]eas ,*op9 0 radically s1 8 works seem+ to owe no allegiance to s*ools1 & seldom to nationality1 b only to 8 poetic s\l1 ( :i* !y 7 ! legitimate (fspr+4 ,8 fancies are sometimes m graceful ?an /rong2 !y ev51 n[ & !n1 v]ge on ! s5tim5tal2 s ,*op9 is n entitl$ to a place among ! giants1 al?\gh he revolutioniz$ composition = ! piano1 & wrote "s ?+s s beautiful t !y excite ev] fre% wond]4 ,! small =m seem$ to be/ suit 8 spontane\s /yle2 !re=e op4 #aj & op4 #be1 & ! preludes1 und\bt$ly bett] repres5t ,*op9's individuality ?an d any o!r ( 8 works4 ,franz ,liszt 0 born 9 ,hung>y1 & 9 8 less s]i\s mom5ts made use ( ! gypsy-l rhy?ms1 twi/s1 & spasmodic utt]ance ( h] national music4 ,at o!r times he wrote univ]sal music1 :i* he made *>act]i/ic ?r\gh brea?+ into x 8 own ri* individuality4 ,! ,abb ,doctor 0 m ft$ & less spoil$ !reby ?an any successful arti/ ( mod]n times4 ,he l$ a life ( triumph f y\? to old age1 & ?r\gh x all pres]v$ a simple mode/y ( mann]1 int]e/ 9 new tal5ts & accompli%m5ts1 & an indescribable intellectual fasc9ation4 ,no?+ af=d$ ,liszt m pleasure ?an to give advice to1 or to use 8 influ5ce = ! b5efit (1 tal5t /ruggl+ to cl>ify its own conceptions1 or seek+ indisp5sable publicity4 ,! li/ ( 8 protgs includes _m :o h made _w records1 l ,raff1 ,bl[1 ,tausig1 & ,wagn]4 ,b = ,mei/] ,liszt's e>ly p]ception ( ,wagn]'s !n undevelop$ g5ius1 we %\ld h _h no six? high-prie/ to record1 & no ,bayreu? fe/ivals4 ,am]ica has only rec5tly ent]$ ! li/s1 = ! conditions att5dant ^u a new civilization make arti/ic a*ievem5t impossible4 ,^! conditions 7 emphatically bad 9 our l&1 & !y yield$ reluctantly to art requirem5ts4 ,! religi\s bigotry ( a l>ge portion ( ^? :o fir/ came to ,am]ica1 seek+ fre$om ( consci5ce 7= ^? :o ?\ght & believ$ z !y ?\ght & believ$71 0 deadly to art impulse4 ,!y look$ ^u any music n set to sacr$ words z a frivolity t w\ld imp]il _! s\ls1 & !y ex]cis$ little judgm5t 9 select+ su* music z !y did use4 ,?is n>r[ view ( our art greatly delay$ ! adv5t ( musical intellig5ce1 & x call$ a species ( psalm-smit]s into be+1 :o1 ) inappropriate adaptations ( secul> melodies1 & worse attempts at composition1 debas$ bo? music & ! s]vices ( ! *ur*1 & sapp$ ! vitality ( art t5d5cy :5 x fir/ became manife/4 ,am]ica /ill h>bors "s ( ^! vampires1 b ! day ( art is break+ ov] our l&1 & ^! creatures ( d>kness w soon disappe>4 ,our progress 0 at fir/ sl[1 b !re h be5 no backw>d /eps1 & ! pa/ fifty ye>s h witness$ a magical advance 9 g5]al intellig5ce & 9 creative capacity4 ,be=e clos+ ?is *apt] ,i mu/ return to ,g]many & trace "s ( ! subsidi>y s\rces ( h] pres5t supremacy4 ,! "n ,rob]t ,franz1 :i* 0 ye>s ago adopt$ by a timid "y musician z 8 nom de plume1 0 =m$ by comb9+ ! fir/ names ( 8 ideal tone poets1 ,s*umann & ,s*ub]t4 ,8 success 0 imm$iate1 & he soon became s id5tifi$ ) ?is "n t 8 own almo/ pass$ out ( use4 ,rob]t ,franz 0 a pure lyri/1 & 8 songs mu/ be giv5 place little bel[ ^? ( 8 great models4 ,he s]v$ to p]petuate ! _s ( song1 & plac$ ! _w "u tribute by 8 ,ba* rese>*es4 ,raff 0 a man ( />tl+ r\t9e1 & ( no less a/\nd+ inequalities 9 m]it4 ,"s ( 8 symphonies are replete ) s5su\s melody & fre% h>monic1 contrapuntal1 & in/rum5tal color1 :ile o!rs are incompreh5sibly dull4 ,leonora & ,im ,walde repres5t ,raff at 8 be/1 & !y are s /rong & beautiful t !y w keep _! creator's "n be=e ! musical _w = _m ye>s4 ,no "o c pr$ict h[ long ,raff's ma/]y ( me?ods & =ms w ex]t a salut>y influ5ce ^u compos]s4 ,s*umann 0 ,brahms' musical god-fa!r1 & he pr$ict$ great results f ! developm5t ( 8 godson's tal5t4 ,!re is mu* diff]5ce ( op9ion z to :e!r ,s*umann's prophecy 0 fulfill$1 b _m capable critics are on ! affirmative side4 ,brahms has1 9 "o way at lea/1 %[n ! possession ( absolutely great qualities1--viz41 8 productivity did n exhau/1 b increas$ ! vitality ( 8 conceptions4 ,he 0 an arti/ ) :om future g5]ations w h to d1 b he 0 n an epo*-mak]4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,wagn] ,,& ,,! ,,music ,,drama ,x is q prop] to devote a *apt] to ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 = 8 lat] works are n only examples ( ! mo/ skillful & purposeful employm5t ( ! contrapuntal & in/rum5tal res\rces :i* he1 9 common ) 8 contempor>ies1 inh]it$ f ! pa/1 b !y %[ h[ audaci\s g5ius may safely pursue its purposes out beyond beat5 pa?s into unexplor$ regions ( tonal expression4 ,:y may g5ius d ?is1 :i* is s uni=mly fatal to ! less gift$8 ,x is because ( its compreh5sive grasp ( logical sequ5ce & its intuitive *oice ( adaptable means4 ,ripe g5ius is a def9ite tal5t :i* has be5 subject$ to exhau/ive discipl9e1 :i* is famili> ) traditions1 & takes full cognizance ( p$antic =ms1 b is guid$ by an art feel+ eng5d]$ by ?is k1 & n by ! k itself4 ,x is a law unto itself4 ,x conceives a picture1 a poem1 or a musical s5tim5t1 & communicates x to u ?r\gh means t are (t5 z unfamili> z is ! effect ( ! :ole orig9al2 = x usually avoids ! ruts ( travell$ ways1 its cle> view ( ! objective goal enabl+ x to foll[ ! less frequ5t$ /ream-side or m\nta9-top pa?s4 ,wagn] 01 9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s ( 8 life1 a ripe g5ius4 ,he 0 ! six? ( our musical high-prie/s1 & he fill$ ! art temple ) a *>act]i/ic song inc5se :i* w p]vade its atmosph]e z long z human passions cont9ue to furni% art impulse4 ,!re is a class ( p$ants :o /ill take satisfaction 9 call+ ,wagn]'s music artificial2 b ^! %ort-sight$ critics _c or w n prop]ly survey ! field ( 8 activity & its fruits4 ,no human m9d c\ld1 unless impell$ by natural1 sequ5tial feel+ & virile imag9ation1 write ev5 "o ( 8 lat] dramas )\t manifold exhibitions ( weakness 9 r$undancies & lapses 9 significance4 ,! fact t ,wagn]'s works1 f ! ,mei/]s+] on1 %[ few1 if any1 su* b>r5 mom5ts1 adequately evid5ces _! natural gr[? f musical g]ms4 ,a great creator always incites a l>ge numb] ( less] lights to imitate 8 me?ods1 b few ( !m d s successfully4 ,wagn] is n1 h[ev]1 answ]able = ! vague effects ( 8 dramatic means1 :5 !y are transplant$ into ,wagn]i% ov]tures & symphonic poems4 ,he evolv$ situations t made ^! means legitimate & significant2 isolat$1 !y fall into biz>re artificiality4 ,al?\gh we _c fail to be influ5c$ by ! elem5ts :i* ,wagn] add$ to tonal res\rces1 !y1 l all o!r elem5ts1 mu/ be appli$ because mo/ adaptable to ! developm5t ( ! musical s*eme 9 h&1 & n because ( _! newness4 ,a prophet is n )\t honor save 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,?is 0 /rik+ly exemplifi$ by ! attitude ( pr(essional ,leipzig t[>ds ,wagn] dur+ ! e>li] /ages ( 8 c>e]4 ,leipzig 0 at t "t reg>d$ by ! outly+ _w z ! musical c5tre ( ! univ]se1 a ,mecca ) a magic balm1 disp5s$ by a prie/hood ^: ,mahomet 0 ,m5delssohn4 ,! t[n _h be5 a prom95t seat ( le>n+ s9ce ! fir/ "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 _h possess$ ,ba* z cantor ( its ,/4 ,?omas' s*ool1 _h = a long s]ies ( ye>s ma9ta9$ its ,gew&haus conc]ts1 & 0 ! greate/ ( all book- & music-sell+ m>ts4 ,^! circum/ances comb9$ to make ,leipzig /& out 9 bold relief on ! _w's map1 b x requir$ ,m5delssohn's magnetism to make its attractions irresi/ible4 ,! ,cons]vatory faculty ( ^? days includ$ all ! mo/ prom95t musicians domicil$ 9 ,leipzig1 = ! t[n 0 too small to furni% adh]5ts = su* contra-m9d$ p>ties or factions z exi/ 9 l>g] cities4 ,m5delssohn _h enli/$ 8 =ces ) well-direct$ reg>d = h>mony1 b _! cre$1 al?\gh prop]ly plac+ ,ba* z ! corn]-/one ( musical fai?1 0 too n>r[ 9 its t5ets to admit ^? to communion ^: fancy l$ !m outside ! pale ( traditional =ms4 ,!y 7 ev5 lukew>m t[>ds ,s*umann1 :o _h liv$ among !m1 _h creat$ a p]iod1,a & _h contribut$ treasures to musical lit]ature s lum9\s ) g5ius t1 z ! mi/s ( prejudice cle> away1 !y w eclipse =ev] all contemporane\s productions 9 ! v>i\s =ms :i* !y foll[$4 ,! rugg$ boldness ( orig9ality 0 9 ! e/eem ( ! ,leipzig p$agogue b an exhibition ( crude ignorance4 ,^? :o c\ld n or w\ld n recognize ,s*umann's great ?robb+ he>t 9 8 writ+s1 because he1 9 express+ 8 individuality1 did n always foll[ prescrib$ =mul1 w\ld naturally h reject$ ,wagn]1 = 8 e>li] works 7 n ca/ 9 classic m\lds4 ,a ,compos]s :o orig9ate =ms or me?ods t recomm5d !mselves to ! musical _w because !y voice recognizable advance 9 art expression1 create p]iods4 ,m5delssohn 0 9 8 m e>ne/ moods a mod]niz$ ,ba*4 ,he did n orig9ate =ms1 b adapt$ ^? ( 8 great ideal to our n9ete5? c5tury habits ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,he did ?is inimitably1 b he 0 m f9i%$ ?an =ceful or bold1 & 8 impress on art 0 consequ5tly n deep1 al?\gh extremely salut>y4 ,^? ( ,wagn]'s creations :i* _h be5 be=e ! public previ\s to #ahfj 7 *>act]iz$ by few dep>tures f ,web] & ,mey]be] 9 s*eme4 ,wagn]ian h>monies 71 h[ev]1 too /rong = ! ,leipzig critic1 b ! public flock$ to he> !m1 & 0 pleas$4 ,orig9al ideas (t5 f9d fir/ recognition among ! non-pr(essional1 because musical lead]s are s saturat$ ) p$antry t sp>ks ( g5ius _c quickly k9dle !m to en?usiasm4 ,9 #ahfb ! ,gew&haus directors made a great concession2 !y invit$ ,ri*>d ,wagn] to conduct 8 ,tannhus] ,ov]ture at "o ( _! conc]ts4 ,?is 0 a fatal mi/ake1 = 8 triumph 0 complete1 & _! influ5ce z oppon5ts ( ! music ( ! future 0 correspond+ly weak5$4 ,i h discuss$ ,leipzig at su* l5g?1 n because x 0 ,wagn]'s bir?place1 b because f ?is t[n1 ) all its intol]ance & smallness1 />t$ ! only %ort road to success4 ,leipzig's endorsem5t 0 a univ]sally accept$ v\*]4 ,wagn] _h f\nd ?is direct pa? b>r$1 & 8 w&]+s 9 surm\nt+ or circumv5t+ ob/acles la/$ = a long s]ies ( ye>s1 b 8 fai? rema9$ /eadfa/1 & he rea*$ ! goal ( 8 ambition a f> /rong] man because ( ! difficulties he _h ov]come4 ,8 appe>ance at ! ,gew&haus 0 only a /ation on 8 c\rse to already assur$ success1 & n 8 />t+-po9t4 ,wagn] f\nd op]a a succession ( solo1 ensemble1 & *orus pieces1 /rung ^u plots (t5 too sl5d] to give !m coh]5ce4 ,texts _h be5 made subs]vi5t to music1 & t1 9 turn1 to ! s+]'s conv5i5ce & ambition = display4 ,op]as 7 writt5 z e>ly z ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b ,*]ub9i 0 ! fir/ ,italian1 & ,gluck ! fir/ ,g]man1 to produce works t h surviv$4 ,*]ub9i 0 foll[$ by ,ross9i1 a man ( g5ius1 b too indol5t to fully develop 8 gifts4 ,_h 8 beautiful s5su\s melodies be5 put into ri*] sett+s1 _h m e>ne/ ?\ght be5 add$ to 8 spontaneity1 8 op]as w\ld h tak5 _! places among ! undy+ creations4 ,fla%es ( g5ius ultimately tire4 ,x is ! /eady light ( g5ius1 f$ by k & e>ne/ness 7z 9 ,bee?ov51 ,s*ub]t1 & ,s*umann71 t c hold ! _w's att5tion re/fully1 :i* means p]petually4 ,bell9i1 ) ,norma & ,sonnambula1 & ,donizetti1 ) ,lucia di ,lamm]moor & ,lucretia ,borgia1 /ill hold a place on ! op]atic /age1 b _! grasp is weak5+4 ,v]di 0 ! be/ equipp$ ( all ,italian op]a compos]s1 & 8 ,trovatore1 ) x r>e gems1 w cr[n 8 memory to ! end ( musical "t4 ,8 lat] works1 ,aida1 ,o!llo1 & ,fal/aff1 writt5 "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,wagn] p]iod1 are q diff]5t f 8 e>li] op]as 9 in/rum5tation & 9 treatm5t ( !mes4 ,9 !m he is m logical & /rong]1 b less s5su\s4 ,!y furni% ! fir/ in/ances ( ,italian music dress$ 9 =eign g>b2 ( ,italian music writt5 "u pressure f )\t4 ,x has until rec5tly be5 ,italy's prov9ce to %$ influ5ce ov] ! musical _w4 ,i con/rue ,v]di's concessions to ,wagn] z ! /ronge/ possible endorsem5t ( ! latt]'s ideas4 ,no o!r compos] 0 9 position to pay su* tribute to ,wagn]'s =ceful & f>-rea*+ art s5se4 ,! ,italian compos]s ( ! new s*ool are musical brig&s1 :o = a brief space succe$$ 9 tak+ tribute f ! musical _w4 ,_! lead]1 ,mascagni1 made su* a s5sational raid ) 8 ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana t "y ,italy jump$ into ! brea* he made1 & evid5tly ?\ght to take possession ( our temple1 reg>dless ( _! lack ( equipm5t & discipl9e4 ,al?\gh b few ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ?is assault on art1 its episodes h already be5 relegat$ to ! realm ( di/urb+ memories4 ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana1 ! fir/ & be/ ( its class1 has "s m]its2 x is %ort1 melodi\s1 & dramatic1 b its melodies are (t5 s5tim5tal1 & its dramatic po9ts are usually made ?r\gh ! audaci\s employm5t ( crude means4 ,! direct influ5ce ( ?is "w & its reception1 conspir$ = h>m to art4 ,gluck 0 a ,teuton1 & al?\gh educat$ 9 ,italy & adopt$ by ,france1 c ) propriety be call$ ! fa!r ( ,g]man op]a4 ,8 ,iphig5ia 9 ,tauris & ,orpheus & ,eurydice w always be reg>d$ z classic models ( lyric writ+4 ,gluck's s*emes diff]$ little f ^? ( ! ,italian s*ool1 b 8 h>monic & in/rum5tal me?ods 7 ,g]man4 ,moz>t 0 a ph5om5al comb9ation ( inconsi/5cies4 ,8 r\t9e & creative g5ius 7 ( ! highe/ ord]1 8 spontaneity & f9i% make 8 music delightful alike to amateurs & musicians1 b he seldom seems to take matt]s s]i\sly4 ,don ,juan1 ! ,requiem1 & 8 /r+ qu>tets are exceptions1 = 9 ^! he is e>ne/ & does 8 g5ius full ju/ice4 ,bee?ov5 gave u ,fidelio4 ,he 0 equally end[$ ) ,moz>t1 b 0 actuat$ 9 :at he did by e>ne/1 deep feel+4 ,fidelio1 al?\gh built on ! old & n[ disc>d$ l9es1 w only take second place 7musically7 :5 "s g5ius arises capable ( writ+ symphonies to sup]s$e ,bee?ov5's n9e4 ,9 ,fidelio we /ill h ! /r+ ( well-def9$ pieces1 b !y are ri* 9 h>monization & polyphony4 ,web] made a great impression on op]a4 ,8 audaci\s use ( ! or*e/ra & ( modulation1 op5$ up new fields ( possibility1 & !re is a d\bt z to :e!r mod]n ,g]man op]a w\ld h become :at x is1 _h ,web] n liv$4 ,he 0 gift$ ) an inexhau/ible /ore ( melody1 0 equal to all dramatic situations1 h[ev] exact+1 & c\ld c\rt popul> favor )\t belittl+ 8 art1--a v r>e quality4 ,web] 0 at fir/ ,wagn]'s model1 & ,ri5zi & ,d] ,flieg5de ,hollnd] be> a di/9ct ,web] impress4 ,mey]be] 0 a ,g]man1 b e>ly adopt$ ,italian me?ods4 ,he 0 an excell5t bus9ess man1 possess$ ample means1 & !re=e secur$ des]v$ recognition e>ly 9 8 c>e]1 in/ead ( hav+ liv$ almo/ a life ( def]r$ hopes1 z is usually ! good musician's lot4 ,mey]be] is melodi\s1 & is (t5 dramatic1 b unlike ,web]1 sometimes belittles 8 art 9 cat]+ to public ta/es4 ,8 pageant & ballet music are ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & impressive features ( 8 op]as4 ,wagn] express$ contempt = ,mey]be]1 b evid5tly recogniz$ ! gr&eur ( ! op]atic pageantry ( :i* he 0 ! creator4 ,we see evid5ces ( ?is phase ( ,mey]be]'s influ5ce until we pass ! ,loh5gr9 /age4 ,_m o!r good op]as 7 produc$ dur+ ! fir/ half ( ?is c5tury1 b z !y 7 n pot5tial factors 9 op]atic evolution1 ,i %all m5tion !m only 9 pass+4 ,adam wrote ,po/illion2 ,aub]1 ,fra ,diavolo1 ,die ,/umme von ,portici1 etc42 ,flot[1 ,m>?a & ,aless&ro ,/radella2 ,hrold1 ,zampa2 ,kreutz]1 ,na*tlag] von ,granada2 ,lortz+1 ,d] ,waff5s*mi$1 ,d] ,cz> und ,zimm]mann1 etc2 ,m>s*n]1 ,hans ,heil+1 ,d] ,templ] und die ,jd91 & ,d] ,vampyre2 ,nicolai1 ,! ,m]ry ,wives2 ,spohr1 ,jessonda & ,fau/1 & ,s*umann1 ,g5oveva4 ,all ( ^! op]as are /ill giv5 at lea/ occasionally1 & mo/ ( !m are excell5t musical compositions4 ,! situation at ! "t :5 ,wagn] fir/ manife/$ a def9$ t5d5cy t[>ds ! music drama 0 z foll[s3 ,gluck _h giv5 ! _w 8 two great works1 & !y1 toge!r ) ,fidelio1 ,don ,juan1 ,! ,magic ,flute1 ,! ,m>riage ( ,fig>o1 ,d] ,freis*utz1 & ,ob]on ( ! ,g]man1 & ,trovatore1 ,william ,tell1 ,norma1 ,lucia di ,lamm]moor1 ,la ,sonnambula1 ,rob]t le ,diable1 ,d] ,prophet1 & ,die ,hug5ott5 ( ! ,italian1 7 ! mo/ prom95t & be/ examples ( op]atic writ+4 ,al?\gh ! fir/ /eps t[>ds ! emancipation ( op]a f inconsi/5cies 7 ! result ( conditions r ?an ( prem$itation1 ,wagn] _h suffici5t g5ius to appreciate ! p[] inh]5t 9 logical sequ5ce3 a p[] :i*1 :5 comp>$ ) t result+ f ecc5tric modes1 is z ! progress ( ! ages to t ( a leaf borne by ! w9d4 ,logical sequ5ce moves onw>d ) irresi/ible mom5tum1 :]eas fragm5t>y diction is bl[n ab\t by e w9d ( caprice4 ,! condition :i* mo/ influ5c$ ,wagn]'s conceptions 0 8 relation z poet to 8 musical und]tak+s4 ,he 0 9 ea* in/ance fir/ poet & !n compos]1 & no?+ c\ld h be5 m natural ?an 8 e>ly ev9c$ disposition to gu>d 8 texts f di/ort$1 disconnect$ r5d]+s4 ,?is disposition grew1 z ?r\gh exp]i5ce 8 grasp became m & m compreh5sive4 ,!re 7 no backw>d /eps 9 8 c>e]4 ,x 0 l 8 s*emes1--consequ5t1--advanc+ unwav]+ly f inception to full realization 9 ,p>sifal & ,tri/an und ,isolde4 ,wagn] _h c\rage adequate to su/a9 him 9 foll[+ 8 conceptions ?r\gh ridicule1 want1 & almo/ utt] fri5dlessness4 ,no disc\ragem5t c\ld div]t him f ! ev5 t5or ( 8 *os5 c\rse4 ,8 e>ly op]as1 al?\gh _! texts 7 treat$ ) unwont$ respect1 gave little intimation ( ! revolution :i* 0 to be accompli%$ by _! au?or1 & x is extremely d\btful :e!r ,wagn] at ?is p]iod _h a %ad[y conception ev5 ( t lat] ideal1 :i* "t & exp]i5ce develop$1 9 :i* music & ! pictorial elem5t 7 n only to collaborate )1 b 7 to reproduce ! situations & s5tim5ts ( 8 poems4 ,?is k9d ( tone pa9t+1 9 :i* ! compos] endeavors to end[ 8 musical phrases ) def9ite significance1 is ju/ifiable & effective :5 !y are s closely associat$ 9 p]=mance ) ! motive text z to d]ive directness f its m tangible "*4 ,su* ef=ts mu/ n be class$ ) s-call$ program music4 ,d] ,flieg5de ,hollnd]1 ,ri5zi1 & ,tannhus] might h be5 produc$ ?r\gh ! co-op]ation ( ,web] & ,mey]be]1 ) ,wagn]'s individuality z a flavor4 ,9 !m ! voices are giv5 melodies 9 cle>-cut =m1 & !y conta9 pomp\s ,mey]be]isms almo/ approa*+ ! biz>re4 ,?is ,wagn] flavor1 :i* consi/$ l>gely ( a disreg>d ( h>monic laws & key relation%ips1 z dictat$ by ! p$antic s*ool1 caught ! public1 b x ar\s$ ! viol5t opposition ( old] musicians4 ,!y d5\nc$ ,wagn] z a crazy ignoramus & 8 op]as z abom9ations4 ,view$ f a !oretical /&-po9t1 !re 0 t 9 ,wagn]'s e>li] works :i* 9 a measure ju/ifi$ 8 critics4 ,he 0 n a good contrapunti/1 & he consequ5tly violat$ t5ets ( musical /ructure :5 con=mity w\ld h be5 m adequate4 ,! relations borne by pla/ic musical diction to ! elem5t>y rules ( tonal sci5ce are s little und]/ood1 & a cle> und]/&+ ( ^! relations is s important1 t ,i feel ju/ifi$ 9 reit]at+ 9 diff]5t =m :at 0 said 9 a =m] *apt]1--viz41 t musical !ory z a :ole is b ! codification ( nature's adju/m5ts4 ,extraord9>y requirem5ts lic5se exceptional means & modes1 b :5 compos]s ab&on ! lett] ( musical t5ets & sub/itute !re= ! high] law ( comp5sation1 !y ent] ^u a field 9 :i* pitfalls ab\nd1 & ?r\gh :i* no?+ b ke5 judgm5t1 f\nd$ ^u exp]i5c$ erudition1 c safely guide !m4 ,?is law ( comp5sation all[s u to disreg>d elem5t>y laws1 :5 ! nature ( ! situation 9 h& is su* z to w>rant & reconcile our musical s5se to comb9ations or successions1 :i* w\ld )\t ?is ju/ification s\nd crude & faulty4 ,! habit ( :at is call$ free writ+ is mo/ p]nici\s1 = comp5sation mu/ legitimize ea* irregul>ity or we lapse into incoh]5cy4 ,wagn] 0 a firm1 b an equally ?\ghtful man1 & :ile app>5tly undi/urb$ by ! cyclone ( criticism evok$ by 8 compositions1 saw 8 vuln]able po9ts1 & at once set ab\t =tify+ !m4 ,he /udi$ c\nt]po9t exhau/ively1 tak+ ,ba* z 8 model1 & memoriz+ _m ( t ma/]'s mo/ *>act]i/ic works4 ,he !n gave ! _w ,die ,mei/]s+] z ! fruit ( 8 labor1 & !re) =ev] sil5c$ hone/ cavill]s :o _h bas$ _! adv]se criticisms on 8 ignorance1 = t "w is a sublime example ( contrapuntal virtuosity1 & x m>ks ! beg9n+ ( a new era 9 ,wagn]'s developm5t z a musician4 ,8 or*e/ral sett+s hav+ kept pace ) 8 musical gr[?1 _h rip5$1 _h become temp]$1 consequ5tly ,die ,mei/]s+] is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful compositions ( any "t1 & 9 x we h ! cle> ann\ncem5t ( ! new disp5sation4 ,!re h be5 tons ( lit]ature pr9t$1 hav+ z subjects ,! ,music ( ! ,future1 ,wagn]1 & ,! ,music-drama1 "s ( ! au?ors ( :i* h be5 prop]ly equipp$ 7good musicians & lib]ally educat$ m571 b m h be5 lit]>y scav5g]s4 ,! =m] class1 hav+ be5 on a w> foot+ ev] s9ce ,wagn] became a bone ( cont5tion1 are only j n[ beg9n+ to discuss 8 creations dispassionately4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 q naturally array$ aga9/ ,wagn]1 = ! mo/ pung5t flavor ( ! educat$ critic's writ+ is p$antry4 ,he pref]s traditions )\t orig9ality to orig9ality :i* does nor con=m to traditions4 ,wagn]'s fir/ works almo/ p>alyz$ ^! g5tlem51 & !y 7 a long "t =gett+ & =giv+ ! %ock4 ,_! criticisms 7 t]ribly acrid1 b1 z ,i h be=e m5tion$1 7 in/rum5tal 9 creat+ ! music-drama1 inasmu* z ?r\gh po9t+ out v]itable faults & weaknesses !y l$ ,wagn] to broad5 8 s*ol>%ip4 ,^! critics f9d x h>d to lay d[n _! arms1 al?\gh ! battle is ov]1 & ,wagn] di$ 9 full possession ( ! field4 ,! few :o 7 f ! outset 9 sympa?y ) ,wagn] 7 q z intemp]ate 9 _! laudations z 7 8 oppon5ts 9 _! /rictures4 ,!y 7 bl9d idolat]s1 & ,wagn] 0 _! musical gold5 calf4 ,! ess5ce ( ! cre$ ^u :i* ! new disp5sation is bas$ is logical consi/5cy4 ,poetry1 music1 & /age bus9ess are by x requir$ to co-op]ate 9 express+ s5tim5ts & 9 c>ry+ ! ?reads ( dramatic s*emes4 ,ea* ( ^! arts is entirely ess5tial to ,wagn]'s creations4 ,8 texts are /atues1 :i* music1 /age-sett+1 & action imbue ) life4 ,= ?is reason no "o c hope to foll[ ,wagn] intellig5tly :o />ts )\t hav+ made himself conv]sant ) 8 poems4 ,8 lat] texts are h]oic epics ( no mean ord]4 ,_! adaptability & musical sugge/iv5ess are ph5om5al4 ,!y c\ld h be5 produc$ only by a musician-poet :o _h 8 complet$ pictures 9 view :ile writ+ !m4 ,!y conta9 a va/ am\nt ( a species ( ^w-pa9t+1--viz41 ! use ( words ! v s\nds ( :i* are expressive4 ,i rememb] well ! hil>ity caus$ among ! anti-,wagn]ites by ! ,nibelung5 text1 :i* 0 publi%$ "s ye>s be=e ! op]as 7 p]=m$4 ,satires & p>odies 7 writt52 ,wagn] 0 describ$ woo+ 8 muse array$ 9 fanciful ve/m5ts suit+ ! "* ( ! subject "u treatm5t4 ,t 0 a happy "t = 8 oppon5ts4 ,op]a texts t 7 n s5tim5tal lyrics 7 incompreh5sible4 ,! ,call ( ! ,walkre 0 to !m ! climax ( inanity2 b ^? :o h he>d its musical sett+ w readily und]/& h[ its p]=mance hu%$ ^! sc(f]s into respectful sil5ce4 ,i m5tion ?is call because mo/ musical p]sons h he>d x1 & wond]$ at its adaptability4 ,wagn] be/[$ ! utmo/ c>e ^u ea* & e task :i* he und]took2 8 effects are1 !re=e1 less accid5tal ?an ^? ( any o!r compos]4 ,he 0 9 ! habit ( mak+ ?ree manuscripts1--viz41 a sket* 9 :i* ! outl9es ( =m & "* 7 def9$1 !n a score 9 :i* contrapuntal & in/rum5tal mat]ial 7 develop$1 &1 la/ly1 a manuscript 9 :i*1 aft] ample weigh+ & fil+1 ea* detail ( dynamic m>k+1 etc41 0 n approximately b precisely indicat$4 ,a ,wagn]ian cresc5do or decresc5do mu/ beg9 & end ) ! notes & dynamic =ce prescrib$ by ! ma/]1 or we miss ! full realization ( 8 pictures4 ,9 secur+ in/rum5tal color he 0 liable to m>k ! v>i\s p>ts play$ toge!r diff]5tly1 rang+ f =te to pianissimo1 accord+ to ! comb9ation & regi/]s ( ! in/rum5ts employ$4 ,wagn] left little or no?+ to ! conductor's discretion4 ,nev]!less1 !re are few :o h ! ke51 delicate p]ception requisite to und]/&+ 8 aims1 & /ill few] :o h x 9 _! p[] to s control _! =ces z to secure _! fulfilm5t4 ,we w n[ look at "s ( ,wagn]'s me?ods ( musical treatm5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we f9d ! ,ov]ture replac$ by ! ,vorspiel 7prelude or introduction74 ,! =m]1 9 its indep5d5t complet5ess1 comply+ m or less ) ! exactions ( ! sonate =m1 0 q 9 place :5 op]as consi/$ ( deta*$ pieces2 :]eas ! ,vorspiel1 :i* is analog\s to ! dramatic prologue1 is bett] adapt$ to ! new] =m4 ,x is compos$ (1 or at lea/ x introduces1 ! pivotal !mes ( ! drama :i* x prec$es4 ,9 ! prelude to ,p>sifal1 :i* beg9s ) ! communion !me1 ,wagn] has accord$ to x1 & to ! grail & fai? motives1 places ( honor4 ,!y are1 inde$1 ! f\ndation ^u :i* ! :ole drama re/s1 & are ! keys to its situations4 ,we f9d ! traditional clos+ =m 7,coda7 conspicu\s by abs5ce1 ! prelude lead+ up to & clos+ 9 ! op5+ tones ( ! fir/ act4 ,?is omission is grateful1 = all c>eful musical li/5]s mu/ h be5 di/urb$ "t & aga9 by ! long-drawn1 fanf>e effects t cu/om has plac$ at ! end ( musical pieces4 ,!y are relics ( b>b>ism to :i* ev5 ,bee?ov5's g5ius c\ld n imp>t logical significance4 ,! compos] :o1 hav+ f9i%$ ! developm5t ( 8 !mes1 hav+ said :at he _h to say1 app5ds a clos+ =m compos$ ( ei!r new mat]ial or ( old inconsequ5tly pres5t$1 sacrifices symmetry & vital =ce4 ,if cu/om requir$ poets to atta* ,hallelujah-,hosanna v]ses to _! f9i%$ poems1 ! result w\ld n be intr9sically m incongru\s ?an t produc$ by ! av]age musical coda4 ,a piece ( music %\ld end r\ndly1 ) a p]oration1 b ?is p]oration mu/ be adapt$ to ! "* & l5g? ( t :i* has prec$$ x1 mu/ gr[ out ( ! !mes f :i* ! piece has be5 develop$1 & =m an integral "p ( ! :ole4 ,! (t-m5tion$ intangibility ( our art seems to induce timidity among h] devotees1 & un=tunately ?is timidity is (t5 greate/ among ^? :o are be/ fitt$ to introduce innovations4 ,we w next consid] ! vocal treatm5ts ( ,wagn]'s texts4 ,foll[+ 8 c\rse f ! beg9n+1 we f9d ! s+]'s p>ts gr[ less & less melodic1 b ! li/5]1 if n ! s+]1 has m ?an adequate comp5sation = ?is loss ( lyric quality 9 ! dramatic p[] ga9$4 ,rev]t+ to our simile ( ! /atue1 ! /age sett+ & or*e/ra provide an atmosph]e1 & ! s+] brea!s into ! text ! brea? :i* laun*es x into life4 ,9 8 lat] dramas ,wagn] makes ! vocal p>ts purely musical declamation4 ,he endeavors to1 & usually succe$s 9 int5sify+ ! elocution>y effects ?r\gh *anges ( pit* & expressive rhy?m1 b gives ! s+]'s conv5i5ce & voice limitations little att5tion4 ,! s+]'s p>ts are1 !re=e1 v difficult to le>n & exhau/+ to s+1 & !y af=d s little opportunity = display t only a love ( art1 /rongly flavor$ ) self-abnegation1 c\ld induce s+]s to attempt !m4 ,my /udy ( ,wagn]'s works has greatly increas$ my respect = ! intellects ( ,wagn]ian s+]s4 ,any man or woman :o c s+ a lead+ "p 9 "o ( ! music-dramas acceptably1 mu/ h be5 end[$ ) /rong ?roat & lungs1 & mu/ h acquir$ a faultless vocal me?od4 ,x is almo/ ne$less to say t ! texts are set )\t any ( ^? old-"t illogical repetitions 9 :i* compos]s indulg$1 9 ord] t happy ?\ghts--good musical episodes--might be amplifi$4 ,wagn] nev] lo/ sight ( 8 c5tral idea1 & made ev]y?+ b5d to its fulle/ realization4 ,8 or*e/ra does n accompany1 9 ! common acceptation ( t t]m1 b s+s into its _m-voic$ melody ! s5tim5ts & moods sugge/$ by ! text4 ,! pr9cipal means us$ 9 ! atta9m5t ( ?is end is ! ,leit ,motif4 ,its auxili>ies are ! c\ntless %ades ( h>monic & in/rum5tal color :i* ,wagn] comm&$4 ,^! ,leit ,motifs 7lead+ & *>act]i/ic !mes7 con/itut$ ,wagn]'s vocabul>y4 ,!y express$ to him p]sonalities1 moods1 or s5tim5ts1 z ! case requir$1 & !y 7 consequ5tly *os5 to imp]sonate ^! 9 8 s*emes4 ,!y sometimes consi/ ( a few tones1 & aga9 ( phrases4 ,!y appe> 9 v>i$ =ms to suit *ang+ conditions1 b _! imp]sonations are only made cle>] ?r\gh _! ela/ic adaptability4 ,^! !mes seldom appe> 9 ! vocal p>ts1 b ,wagn] makes !m1 ?r\gh adaptation & in/rum5tation1 express ea* %ade1 f sunlight to /orm1 f love1 tru/1 & wor%ip1 to wra?1 fe>1 & hate1 & 9 ?is way foll[s 8 text on p>allel l9es1--music by ! side ( & re9=c+ poetry4 ,wagn]'s dem&s on ! /age-c>p5t] & sc5e-pa9t] are s great t none b l>ge !atres ) ample means c prop]ly realize 8 ideas ( pictorial illu/ration4 ,he possess$ rem>kable tal5t = inv5t+ sc5ic effects1 & disreg>d$ co/4 ,wagn] orig9at$ ! idea ( hav+ ! /age ov]%oot ! space allott$ to ! or*e/ra1 ! effect ( :i* has be5 good 9 mo/ in/ances :]e appli$4 ,x has two advantages ov] ! common plac+1--viz41 x br+s ! s+] ne>] 8 audi5ce1 :i* facilitates 8 task ( mak+ himself und]/ood1 & x has a grateful t5d5cy to suppress ob/rep]\s brass1 :o h a way1 :5 plac$ 9 front ( ! /age1 ( mak+ s+]s =gott54 ,i h se5 s+]s /ruggle ) t5se muscles & swell+ ve9s to make a vocal climax ) no o!r result ?an an h]oic spectacle4 ,:5 a conductor all[s 8 brass to bury ! m mode/ elem5ts ( 8 or*e/ra "u _! clangor1 he %[s incapacity1--ei!r a lack ( control or a co>se conception ( _! mission1--& z ?is incapacity is q common1 any me*anical device :i* w insure mod]ation on ! "p ( our ass]tive fri5ds :o play ! trumpets & trombones is wor?y ( comm5dation4 ,n[ let u see :at c be done t[>ds putt+ ourselves /ill m closely 9 sympa?y ) ! ma/]1 & to bett] prep>e ourselves to foll[ 8 creations intellig5tly4 ,foll[+ intellig5tly does n imply m]ely ! recognition ( episodes ( especial significance or beauty1 b mu* m3 x implies ! loss ( no contributive detail & an easy grasp ( ! comb9$ means4 ,exhau/ive /udy alone c make ?is possible4 ,its importance mu/ s]ve to excuse my rev]t+ to ! subject ( texts4 ,"o %\ld nev] take a book into an op]a-h\se1 b %\ld make x sup]flu\s ?r\gh e>ne/ & repeat$ read+s at home4 ,we %\ld at lea/ s famili>ize ourselves ) ! text ( works wor?y ( he>+1 t we c anticipate situations & keep 9 t\* ) ea* & e detail ( action & %ade ( mean+4 ,?is hav+ be5 accompli%$1 & hav+ made ourselves acqua9t$ ) ! m important ,leit ,motifs1 we %all be intellectually equipp$ to foll[ ! ma/] 9 ! developm5t ( 8 music-drama on ! l9es & ?r\gh ! me?ods we h consid]$4 ,i d n wi% to claim t ! mo/ favorable conditions w\ld enable u to fully und]/& int5tions1 or to discov] all po9ts ( beauty & /r5g? 9 "o he>+2 our /udy %\ld1 h[ev]1 h plac$ u q inside ! cold curiosity l9e4 ,we w\ld be entitl$ to a creative s5se ak9 to t felt by a co-work]3 our natures w\ld h be5 made ac\/ically receptive & responsive4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,:at ,,are ,,! ,,influ5c+ ,,factors ,,9 ,,decid+ ,,musical ,,de/9ies8 ,,:o ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,our ,,sev5? ,,high-,,prie/8 ,= reasons inh]5t bo? 9 music itself & 9 man's sluggi% & prejudic$ p]ceptions1 really great compos]s h usually to wait long] = recognition ?an d ^? ( m$iocre capacities4 ,music t is wor?y ( consid]ation is z individual z its compos]'s features or 8 unconsci\s habits4 ,x is a tonal utt]ance ( 8 mo/ intimate nature1 an in>ticulate b cle> expression ( 8 /ronge/ emotions1--a %ad[-picture ( 8 v s\l4 ,! m int5se ! nature1 ! /rong] ! emotions2 & ! deep] ! s\l ( ! compos]1 ! less quickly c we appreh5d ! full import ( 8 writ+s1 = !y are *>act]i/ic ( him & =eign to u4 ,ea* p]iod-mak] adds s mu* to art res\rces & s mat]ially modifies art me?ods1 t he may be said to orig9ate a musical dialect1 ) :i* our e>s & m9ds h to become famili> be=e 8 poetic s*emes c assume = u su/a9$ & cle> significance4 ,because ( ?is ali5 "* ( pron\nc$ orig9ality1 high-prie/ly honors are usually po/hum\s1 = !y are be/[$ only ^u ^? :o h conv9c$ ! musical _w ( _! fitness ?r\gh ! life-long1 pati5t1 & intellig5t use ( supreme end[m5ts4 ,x is ! musical _w only t has ! p[] to conf] high-prie/ly honors1 = t (fice is n at ! disposal ( compos]s' fri5ds or adh]5ts1 nor ( p>ties or clans4 ,"o mu/ h ga9$ univ]sal recognition z a b5efic5t & radically new factor 9 art 9 ord] to secure ! requisite suffrages1 & t requires s mu* "t t b two ( our six high-prie/s liv$ to realize ! honor4 ,ev5 ,bee?ov5 did n live to feel full assurance ( immortality1 b ,wagn] did4 ,he knew t 8 innovations _h be5 accept$ by ! _w1 t 8 a*ievem5ts broad5$ ! f\ndations ( art & op5$ new *annels = musical ?\ght1 t 8 individuality %one brightly across ! broad sea ( mod]n culture1 a beacon-light ( respl5d5t brightness1 & t he 0 a p]iod-mak]1 ^: impress ^u art 0 too deep to we> away1 = he 0 a musician :o abat$ n "o jot or tittle ( t :i* he ?\ght 0 art's due4 ,?is work+ ?r\gh\t life = po/hum\s honors is n s depress+ z x w\ld seem at fir/ glance1 = any man1 h[ev] mode/1 if bless$ ) supreme end[m5ts1 mu/ feel 8 p[]1 & be buoy$ up by ! c]ta9ty ( ultimate recognition4 ,! art love1 /eadfa/ness1 ambition1 individuality1 & imag9ation ( truly great m5 are pro( aga9/ ! /ruggles & disc\ragem5ts ( ! arti/'s exi/5ce4 ,"t is !n our f9al tribunal1 ! only adju/] ( musical values :o makes no errors 9 judgm5t4 ,! individual judge gauges ! m]its ( contemporane\s compos]s1 guid$ by 8 or h] p]sonal impressions4 ,"t ga!rs composite impressions made ^u races ( music-lov]s dur+ decades1 & h] v]dicts1 bas$ ^u ^! impressions1 are f9al4 ,we are sometimes nonpluss$1 & ev5 rebelli\s1 :5 ! success ( our favorite compos]1 or ( "s especially sympa!tic piece ( music1 proves ephem]al1 b ! fitte/ always survives1 & ! fitte/ is ! compos] or "w :i*1 9 addition to ! indisp5sable te*nical & /hetic qualities1 is p]vad$ by ! ri*e/ ve9 ( altrui/ic individuality4 ,if "t be our f9al tribunal1 !n pr(essional critics are ! advocates :o pres5t ! claims ( arti/s at ! b> ( h] c\rt4 ,^! advocates diff] widely 9 ability & 9 "*4 ,a few ( !m h great le>n+1 acute p]ceptions1 & hone/y2 !y w advocate no cause t is prejudicial to ! int]e/s ( art1 our muse hav+1 z x 71 end[$ !m ) a sup]-reta9]4 ,su* advocacy embodies ! highe/ & be/ ( :i* ! limitations ( individuality admit4 ,f ?is ideal /&>d pr(essional critics grade d[nw>d until !y rea* ass]tive1 prejudic$1 & sometimes malici\s ignorance4 ,9 pass+ d[n ! scale we fir/ f9d capacity )\t ! ess5tial confid5ce 9 convictions 7timid ability is always a weak factor 9 adju/+ affairs1 :e!r arti/ic or mat]ial71 !n hone/y & good-w unsupport$ by capacity1 !n capacity biass$ by prejudice or self-int]e/1 & la/ & wor/1 ! pettifogg]4 ,^! classes %[ arrogance1 & attract att5tion 7tempor>ily7 9 inv]se ratio to _! abilities4 ,if we scan ! hi/ory ( our tribunal1 we f9d t ! m ass]tive ! advocate ! small] 8 sph]e ( influ5ce4 ,! great public is ! jury 9 ?is c\rt1 & its decisions1 al?\gh ultimately wise & j1 are always s delay$ by ! babel ( pleas t d9s 9 its e>s1 t ,i feel ju/ifi$ 9 devot+ a little space to ^! m\ld]s ( op9ion1 & to facilitate my purpose w use a simile drawn f nature1 :i* is less :imsical & m reliable ?an man4 ,music is l a s5sitive plant1--x fl\ri%es only :5 ea* & e condition is favorable to its gr[?4 ,= ?is reason ^? :o f9d pleasure1 edification1 & com=t 9 its subtle qualities %\ld imitate ! skill$ g>d5] 9 8 wat*ful & discrim9at+ culture ( fl[]s4 ,a pr(essional g>d5] is to horticulture :at a critic %\ld be to art4 ,ea* is suppos$ to br+ tra9$ faculties to 8 task1 b ! g>d5]1 famili> ) ! pr9ciples t gov]n fl[] gr[?1 /udies ! natures ( 8 g]ms1 & !n adapts soil1 temp]ature1 etc41 to ! requirem5ts ( ea*4 ,he ?us />ts out ) "o mat]ial advantage ov] 8 art confrre1 9 t 8 exp]i5ce enables him to recognize ! g5]a ( 8 g]ms & to anticipate results4 ,he deals ) se$s1 roots1 slips1 & bulbs2 ! art critic ) ! my/]ies ( individuality1 ( :i* he mo/ (t5 judges f ! impressions made ^u 8 susceptibilities by a mom5t>y contact ( its outw>d manife/ations4 ,^! manife/ations are seldom full & tru/wor?y indexes ( creative capacity1 especially 9 ! cases ( "y compos]s1 because ( ! unfavorable conditions t s (t5 att5d ^u _! developm5t & pres5tation4 ,communities are g>d5s 9 :i* music ?rives1 b>ely exi/s 7! mo/ common condition71 or entirely fails to take root4 ,propagation is ! crucial te/ ( vitaliz+ qualities4 ,a community t c produce new v>ieties1 really audaci\s tal5ts1 mu/ possess a high degree ( f]tility4 ,! compos]s to be f\nd liv+ & creat+ 9 any giv5 place are !re=e reflections ( _! musical environm5t1 = ! faculties ( musical organisms are m s5sitive ev5 ?an music itself4 ,transplant$ music w cont9ue to exi/ "u conditions t af=d no incitem5t to e>ne/ creation1 nor ! elem5ts f :i* virility may be drawn4 ,bee?ov5's works int]e/ communities 9 :i* 8 faculties w\ld h rema9$ lat5t4 ,! legitimate functions ( criticism are to seek out & to nurture true tal5t & to guide public discrim9ation 9 its initial judgm5t4 ,critics & review]s are exp]ts to ^: express$ op9ions ! pr9t+-press imp>ts degrees ( conv9c+ p[] n always comportable ) _! m]it1 & spreads !m broadca/ = good or ill4 ,pr9t$ criticism1 because ( ?is cog5t quality1 & because x appeals1 & may repeat$ly appeal1--be+ 9 fix$ =m1--to s broad a radius ( intellig5ce1 %\ld be ! mo/ p[]ful z well z ! mo/ active ag5cy 9 creat+ ! conditions ess5tial to musical gr[?2 b a c>eful review ( ! pa/ & pres5t relations ( criticism to art culture w\ld1 to my m9d1 conv9ce any unbiass$ ?9k] t ! decision ( our c\rt _h be5 delay$ & n facilitat$ by ! av]age advocate1 & t ! productivity ( our g>d5 _h nev] be5 increas$ by ! m9i/rations ( pr(essional g>d5]s4 ,nev]!less1 pr9t$ criticism has a mom5t>y influ5ce4 ,we d n necess>ily surr5d] :5 confront$ by criticisms at v>iance ) our own ideas1 b ! undue weight ) :i* pr9t$ matt] is end[$ (t5 causes ev5 exp]t op9ion to wav]1 prote/ to ! contr>y z x may4 ,pr9t$ news is n always au!ntic1 nor are pr9t$ op9ions on f9ance1 political economy1 sports1 wea!r1 etc41 infallible1 al?\gh usually writt5 by speciali/s2 b ^! matt]s1 be+ mat]ial1 adju/ !mselves1 & _! editorial %ort-com+s seldom d irrep>able h>m2 :]eas our s5sitive art1 ! elem5ts ( :i* are emotional1 & ! sup]s5sitive organisms :i* are bless$ ) art productivity1 are less capable ( recov]+ f ! %ock incid5t to misconception & misrepres5tation4 ,wagn] 0 unique 9 ?is respect1 = he endur$ ye>s ( calumny & inju/ice )\t fl9*+4 ,8 nature 0 dual1 z if 8 art in/9ct _h be5 graft$ into an h]oic "*1 l a noble oak1 f :i* x drew vitality1 & ^: wide-spread roots imp>t$ /ability to its convictions )\t infus+ into !m any o!r sugge/ion ( its /]n elem5ts4 ,7 all tal5t$ compos]s z firmly root$ z ,wagn]1 !re w\ld be less reason = prote/+ aga9/ ignorance & c>elessness 9 pr9t4 ,! second "q prop\nd$ 9 ! headl9es ( ?is *apt] c be discreetly consid]$1 b x c receive no conclusive answ] until "t's v]dict is r5d]$4 ,we c weigh ! impressions made ^u our individual susceptibilities by ! qualities ( ! m prom95t c&idates = high-prie/ly honors1 & comp>e ^! ) l individual conceptions ( ideal attributes1 b ! result ( our speculations mu/ necess>ily p>take m ( ! "* ( a wea!r-vane1 subject to ! caprice ( *ang+ conditions1 ?an ( a f+]-po/1 giv+ reliable direction to our anticipations4 ,( all ! compos]s ( rec5t times1 ,brahms attract$ ! l>ge/ foll[+ ( musicians1 & ) "r1 = ! volume ( 8 wor?y creations is l>g] ?an t produc$ by any ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,he wrote a va/ numb] ( songs1 ensemble pieces = a great v>iety ( in/rum5tal comb9ations1 accompani$ & unaccompani$ piano-=te pieces1 & symphonies1 ov]tures1 etc41 = ! gr& or*e/ra4 ,8 "w is usually *>act]iz$ by ri* h>monies1 melodic voice-lead+1 transp>5t =m1 & a v>y+ am\nt ( spontaneity t at times fails to conceal evid5t ef=t4 ,?is ef=t makes itself felt 9 peculi> & ev5 grotesque h>monic successions & rhy?ms1 & x is traceable ?r\gh all p]iods ( 8 c>e]4 ,^!1 :i* to me are =c$ me?ods1 are ! only features t individualize ,brahms' music4 ,he is greate/ :5 self-=getful1 & ^! unnatural features bespeak self-consci\sness4 ,s*umann1 :o 01 z ,i said 9 a previ\s *apt]1 ,brahms' musical god-fa!r1 0 a g5ius ) a cle>ly def9$ individuality1 ! complete & natural expression ( :i* oblig$ him to inv5t means to supplem5t ^? t he _h inh]it$ f 8 pr$ecessors4 ,^! inv5t$ means 7 peculi> h>monic comp\nds & erratic acc5ts4 ,s*umann usually employ$ ^! devices ) grateful results2 = he makes u feel t !y are ess5tial to ! developm5t ( full significance 9 8 tonal s*emes4 ,g5ius has a magical p[] ov] res\rces & modes1 (t5 trans=m+ ecc5tricities into felicit\s1 expressive means1 & end[+ t :i* w\ld be *aotic 9 o!r h&s ) logical import4 ,brahms seems to h be5 dazzl$ by ^! extreme manife/ations ( 8 great prototype's individuality4 ,he n only adopt$1 b exagg]at$ ^!1 & made !m ! di/+ui%+ features ( 8 /yle4 ,he 0 a ma/]ly contrapunti/1 _h a cle> s5se ( =m1 h&l$ ! or*e/ra well1 al?\gh he nev] exhau/$ its res\rces1 & 0 always a logical ?9k]4 ,8 skill 9 ! treatm5t ( !mes 0 s a/\nd+ t he (t5 imp>t$ significance to trivial motives 7vide ! ,academic ,ov]ture & 8 sets ( v>iations71 b he 0 n a great initial inv5tor 7an orig9ator ( pregnant !mes7 nor 0 he a res\rceful colori/4 ,z ,i said be=e1 ,brahms 0 greate/ :5 self-=getful1 = at su* times ! artificial elem5t dropp$ out ( 8 diction & he became a ma/]ful musician1 possess$ ( all ! qualities b "o t h *>act]iz$ our prie/ly l9e4 ,?is miss+ quality is to my m9d ! mo/ ess5tial ( all1--viz41 a natural1 di/+ui%+1 & p]vad+ individuality4 ,ts*aik[ski receiv$ brief m5tion :ile we 7 consid]+ ,russia's s]vices to art 9 ! f\r? *apt]4 ,because ( ,russia's half-clos$ door h] art has1 until rec5t times1 be5 v mu* isolat$4 ,= ?is reason ,ts*aik[ski's claims h n ev5 n[ be5 fully laid be=e our tribunal4 ,x is a peculi> b *>act]i/ic circum/ance t ,am]ica anticipat$ ,europe by sev]al ye>s 9 h] k & appreciation ( ?is great creator4 ,am]ica is con/antly eag] = novelty1 & has n le>n$ to seek x at home2 ,g]many1 & 9 a less degree ! o!r ,european c\ntries1 feel complac5cy 9 _! own a*ievem5ts1 & correspond+ di/ru/ & intol]ance ( =eign products4 ,x 0 b six ye>s ago t ,g]many 0 made aw>e ( ! fact t a great g5ius _h liv$1 creat$1 & di$ outside ( h] sph]e ( direct influ5ce1 & almo/ )\t h] k4 ,ts*aik[ski _h naturally be5 kn[n 9 a way to well-read ,g]man musicians1 b x requir$ su* a bl[ z 0 /ruck by ,pr(essor ,leopold ,au] to draw f our tocs9 a peal suffici5tly vibrant to p5etrate to ! f>!rmo/ conf9es ( ! musical _w & to h]ald ! com+ ( a new h]o4 ,nev] 0 an act ( ju/ice & love m consci5ti\sly & adequately accompli%$4 ,au] %[$ r>e judgm5t 9 ! selection ( 8 programme4 ,8 evid5t desire 0 to display z _m features ( ,ts*aik[ski's v]satile g5ius z possible4 ,he !re=e *ose ! s*ol>ly second1 in/ead ( ! m ass]tively emotional six? symphony4 ,! viol9 conc]t1 ! ,nutcrack] suite1 & ! symphonic poem ,francesca da ,rim9i foll[$4 ,i "k ( no o!r compos] ( any "t ^: works c\ld furni% an equal v>iety ( def9$ moods1 ea* be>+ ! unmi/akable /amp ( 8 individuality4 ,pr(essor ,au] conduct$ ! or*e/ral works & play$ ! conc]to ) a skill :i* drew its inspiration f ! rev]5t memory ( 8 lo/ fri5d4 ,8 exaltation infect$ ! or*e/ral play]s1 & f9ally ! audi5ce1 mak+ ! ev5+ memorable1 & s5d+ out waves ( en?usiasm t h c>ri$ ,ts*aik[ski's "n & music to ! remote/ corn]s ( ! musical _w4 ,9 my previ\s m5tion ( ,ts*aik[ski ,i accord$ him virtues t place him at ! head ( symphoni/s ( 8 "t4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 two frailties1 "o ( :i* m or less p]vades 8 works1 :ile ! o!r %[s itself b seldom4 ,! =m] is a too great fealty to 8 !mes z at fir/ ann\nc$1 & ! latt] is an occasional t5d5cy to be melodramatic4 ,pla/ic compositions mu/ be true to ! _s1 b n to ! initial =m ( _! !mes1 = pregnant !mes possess _m phases ( sugge/iv5ess1 & ! m ( ^! phases a compos] feels & displays1 ! ri*] ! homog5eity ( 8 creations4 ,7 x n = ^! slight weaknesses 9 ,ts*aik[ski's "w ,i %\ld n hesitate to pr$ict t "t w\ld make him h] *oice = our sev5? high-prie/1 & he may w9 ! honor 9 spite ( !m1 = 8 great qualities are ov]p[]+4 ,!re are no kn[n c&idates :o are wor?y ( comp>ison ) ^! two giants1 ,brahms & ,ts*aik[ski1 "o me*anically & ! o!r emotionally musical4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,a ,,summ>y ,,( ,,music',s ,,attributes4 ,,:at ,,con/itutes ,,musical ,,intellig5ce8 ,al?\gh "s ( ! attributes ( our art h receiv$ repeat$ m5tion 9 previ\s *apt]s1 ,i feel t a %ort summ>y ( _! di/+ui%+ qualities might s]ve to ?r[ ! outl9es ( my sket* into cle>] relief4 ,i %all seek ?is backgr\nd )\t resort+ to te*nical analysis4 ,be=e und]tak+ ?is task ,i %\ld l to emphasize ! (t-ann\nc$ fact t music is a ?+ ap>t4 ,x1 l language & ! o!r arts1 foll[s l9es t lead f individuality to outside intellig5ce4 ,9 ! case ( music1 ^! l9es />t 9 ! inn]mo/ recess ( ! compos]'s emotional nature1 & connect+ ) l9es t lead ?r\gh our intellects into ! equally secret *amb]s ( our natures1 br+ to u s5tim5ts intelligible1 b too intimate to endure analysis4 ,civiliz$ nations h long associat$ rhy?ms & moods1--i4e41 a m>k$ f\r-qu>t] measure has always be5 *>act]i/ic ( ! m>*1 etc41 b rhy?m1 al?\gh x is music's he>t-pulsation1 is only ! metre = musical ?\ght4 ,sci5ti/s tea* u t c]ta9 s\nds are adapt$ to conjunctive use z *ords because ( ! ma!matical relation exi/+ betwe5 ! vibrations1 ( :i* !y are ! audible results4 ,!y g on f ?is beg9n+ ?r\gh ! gamut ( musical le>n+1 & close )\t hav+ giv5 u a key to int]pretation2 s music is1 & mu/ rema91 an untranslatable language ( ! s\l1 produc+ effects & induc+ emotions1 us+ ! intellect z a m$ium only4 ,dr4 ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes said1 ,music :i* is translatable is necess>ily ( a l[ ord]4 ,?is s5tim5t is true1 & x voices a f9e s5se ( music's nature & limitations1 rem>kable 9 a layman1 = !re exi/s a disposition to pull ! creations ( ! great ma/]s d[n to e>?1 & to make !m tell tales ( e>?ly exp]i5ces4 ,music's purity1 /r5g?1 & beauty are always sacrific$ ?r\gh attempts to mat]ialize x1 = great music results f ! natural developm5t & ! felicit\s expression ( *>act]i/ic musical ?\ght1 & n 9 ! +5i\s tonal illu/rations ( sc5es or s5tim5ts1 :i* h be51 or might bett] be1 express$ 9 words1 because ( _! mat]ial "*4 ,pure1 complete conceptions _c take =m 9 o!r ?an s5sitive natures2 s5sitive to ! influ5ces ( life's surr\nd+s1 receiv+ impressions f ! bird's song1 ! fl[]'s p]fume1 ! /orm's might1 ! m\nta9's gr&eur1 ! rippl+ /ream1 ! peaceful valley1 & fill$1 at lea/ = ! "t1 ) love = ,god & man2 nor c\ld su* conceptions pass to expression ?r\gh intellects t _h n be5 temp]$1 ref9$1 & broad5$ to grasp all ! res\rces t tonal sci5ce (f]s4 ,x is 9 artificial music only1--born ( purpose & n ( inspiration1--or 9 ! "w ( unripe musicians1 t sci5ce obtrudes itself4 ,9 o!r words1 :5 ! means are noticeable1 !y h ei!r be5 unskillfully employ$1 or ! compos] has be5 actuat$ by ! ambition to display s*ol>ly qualities reg>dless ( /hetic consid]ations4 ,h[ (t5 we he> works 9 :i* any possible sp>ks ( s5sibility & spontaneity h be5 smo!r$ b5ea? loads ( c\nt]po9t & !matic developm5t1 :i* are devoid ( significance because n evolv$ 9 logical sequ5ce6 ,draw+ & anatomy are to pa9t+ & sculpture1 & gramm>1 rhetoric1 & metre are to poetry1 :at musical sci5ce is to musical art1 inasmu* z 9 ea* ! capacity to produce1 or to appreciate :at o!rs h produc$1 is l>gely proportion$ to "o's k ( ^! /ructural laws4 ,temp]am5t1 natural end[m5ts1 culture1 & habit play su* important rles 9 creat+ individual conceptions ( beauty t we c only consid] z our crit]ion ! judgm5t ( p exi/+ 9 our own environm5t4 ,! fir/ ess5tial ( beauty is symmetry4 ,a rose _c be beautiful unless gracefully =m$ & pois$4 ,! ,creator's h& may h t9t$ x incomp>ably1 may h di/ill$ ! da9tie/ fragrance = its portion1 b ^! w avail naught if x has inh]it$ ungraceful proportions1 or if ! _w has di/ort$ x dur+ its p]iod ( gr[?4 ,z ! rose requires color & p]fume to p]fect its *>ms1 s ea* animate & inanimate creation 9 ?is _w requires its suitable accessories to symmetry4 ,accord+ to our /&>d1 woman %\ld h a li!1 pla/ic =m1 ) fluctuat+ color & an all-p]vad+ fragrance ( intellectual mode/y2 :]eas man %\ld h a s9ewy =m1 bold & /rong1 ! color ( p]fect heal?1 & ! fragrance ( intellectual fe>lessness4 ,ea* mu/ possess cle>ly def9$ individuality4 ,god's creations are nev] exact duplicates1 & /ill we h num]\s beautiful roses & wom5 & ,apollo-l m51 ea* ) appropriate attributes1 & ea* satisfy+ ! /hetic ta/e ( "s "o p]son or class ( p]sons1 because ( ! aff9ity to t object ( ! p]sonal ideal :i* 0 implant$ 9 ?is p]son or ^! p]sons by ,god1 & :i* has be5 nurtur$ by conditions ( life4 ,z 9 ev]y?+ else t lays claim to beauty1 s 9 music1 symmetry mu/ und]lie all o!r attributes4 ,! laws regulat+ musical symmetry are s rigid1 :5 view$ f "o /&-po9t1 & are s ela/ic :5 view$ f ano!r & high]1 t x is n at all /range t "y compos]s /& agha/ :5 !y rea* ! neutral po9t ( receptivity f :i* ^! app>5tly contradictory conditions fir/ manife/ !mselves4 ,b ^! conditions are n really contradictory1 = prescrib$ =m is b a prop]ly proportion$ & adju/$ skeleton1 an outl9+ framework1 subject to su* modifications z w adapt x to ! "* ( our s*emes4 ,^! modifications mu/ n1 h[ev]1 involve ! use ( ecc5tric l9es1 or ! omission ( ess5tial memb]s ( ! body musical1 = su* action w\ld result 9 mal=mations4 ,! compos]1 hav+ articulat$ 8 =m1 clo!s x 9 su* melodic & h>monic mat]ial1 m\ld$ into su* %ape1 z w realize 8 fancy's ideal4 ,! outcome ( exhau/ive k1 direct$ ) ju/ifiable fre$om1 is musical symmetry4 ,! next attribute is1 z 9 ! case ( ! rose1 color2 :i* 9 music is m or less attractive accord+ to ! ri*ness ( ! mat]ial appli$ & ! arti/ic skill & c>e be/[$ ^u its arrangem5t4 ,!re are sev]al s\rces to :i* ! tone pa9t] may resort = :at might be t]m$ prim>y colors1--viz41 ! human voice1 ! *>act]i/ic qualities ( in/rum5ts1 h>monic comp\nds1 & rhy?m1 ! comb9+ & bl5d+ ( ^! prim>y colors s z to produce ! mo/ effective %ade = ea* episode1 n only :5 consid]$ by itself1 b also 9 its relations to ! :ole panoramic succession ( ! f9i%$ picture1 is ! problem t s few solve4 ,mo/ compos]s seem to feel q satisfi$ if !y succe$ 9 />tl+ u ) uncommon comb9ations1 h[ev] crude & irrelevant4 ,next comes s5tim5t1 :i* is to music :at fragrance is to ! rose1 & :at intellectuality is to woman4 ,all ?ree w\ld be holl[ mock]ies )\t ?is p>allel end[m5t4 ,a piece ( music mu/ express a human desire1 a belief1 or an emotion1 o!rwise x is b empty s\nd4 ,^! ?ree attributes--symmetry1 color1 & s5tim5t--are at ! comm& ( all tal5t$ musicians1 b ! all-p]vad+ individuality t s adju/s =m1 s arranges color1 & gives su* adequate expression to ea* %ade ( feel+ z to create natural b unique tone pictures1 is possess$ by few compos]s ( any giv5 g5]ation4 ,s-call$ orig9al music may be no?+ m ?an ! fruit ( good ta/e display$ 9 ! arrangem5t ( labori\sly s\ght peculi>ities ( means & modes1 & x is !re=e only outw>dly individual2 b music ^: !mes spr+ f a pron\nc$ individual feel+1 :i* feel+ m\lds its =m & makes ea* contributive detail con=m to ! _s ( ! initial impulse1 is truly orig9al4 ,individual music is !n radically orig9al1 b orig9al music is n necess>ily individual4 ,a sp>k ( individual g5ius1 because ( its clean brilliancy1 s5ds out its rays into illimitable space2 :]eas a :ole bonfire ( purposeful ecc5tricities curta9s its flames ) non-radiat+ elem5ts1 illum9at+ b a small field4 ,n[ we mu/ /ep backw>d beyond t po9t :]e sci5ce beg9s to %$ h] light ^u natural laws4 ,:at ag5cy produces life1 />ts & keeps 9 motion ! ma*9]y ( our bodies1 & places a s\l beh9d our features8 ,! same ag5cy mu/ guide u 9 ! conception ( musical ideas1 or !y w lack all liv+ elem5ts4 ,?is p[] is ,god3 ,god 9 u1--a well-spr+ ( inspiration = ^? ^: susceptibilities are suffici5tly acute to feel its influ5ce4 ,sci5ce c tea* u to produce ri* h>monic successions & in/rum5tal colors1 b x _c imp>t ! magical p[] ( spontane\s & sequ5tial gr[? t *>act]izes great compositions1 nor c x %[ u h[ to id5tify ! _s :i* p]vades su* works4 ,any "o c prep>e himself to weigh ! intellectual prop]ties ( a musical "w1 b ! _s :i* ^! prop]ties are suppos$ to clo! w n mat]ialize = unsympa!tic s\ls4 ,h]e9 exi/s ! reason = diff]5ces ( op9ion ent]ta9$ by cultur$ & hone/ critics4 ,"s works possess+ all ! attributes ( greatness mu/ be (t5 he>d be=e !y beg9 to enli/ our sympa?ies4 ,o!rs1 equally inspir$1 fail to awak5 responsiv5ess 9 c]ta9 p]sons4 ,diff]5tly con/itut$ natures _c be expect$ to vibrate 9 unison1 & z real music is s\l vibration made audible1 x seeks responsiv5ess 9 our natures1 z any giv5 tone lays hold ( objects ^: vibrations are sympa!tic1 caus+ !m to emit consonant s\nds4 ,! impression made by music c only be simil> ev5--9 "* & int5sity--:]e ! he>]s are equally end[$ & cultur$1 & are equally condition$ m5tally to surr5d] !mselves to its influ5ce4 ,z long z ea* memb] ( ! human family is di/+ui%$ by individuality1 s long w ! impressions made by ! intangible elem5ts 9 art be div]se4 ,sugge/iv5ess is ! highe/ quality ) :i* a poet1 an orator1 a pa9t]1 a sculptor1 or a musician c end[ 8 productions4 ,its exi/5ce implies a cle> conception1 root$ 9 s5tim5t & adequately express$ ?r\gh adaptable means1 b well )9 ! l9e ( dem>cation :i* sep>ates logical t]s5ess f r$undancy4 ,:o c li/5 to ,bee?ov51 ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann1 or ,wagn] & n f9d himself 9 a dreaml&1 peopl$ n s mu* by *ildr5 ( ! great ma/]'s bra91 z by ! (fspr+ ( 8 own fancy8 ,^! results are ! fruits ( sugge/iv5ess4 ,r\t9e (t5 leads to diffus5ess2 ! lack ( x always results 9 illogical & inadequate expression2 b r\t9e direct$ by g5ius seldom fails to discov] ! vital l9e :i* m>ks ! b\nd>y ( complet5ess4 ,on "o side ( ?is l9e we h inl& wat]s1 fl[+ f ! au?or's fancy3 on ! o!r1 & f$ !refrom1 ! op5 sea ( semi-consci\s c]ebration1 ) its caprici\s w9ds & tidal curr5ts4 ,if a writ] succe$ 9 enli/+ our sympa?ies1 ! fl[ ( 8 ?\ghts w imp>t ! impetus requisite to c>ry u beyond ?is l9e2 b "h 8 direct influ5ce ceases1 = ! /ream ( 8 fancies becomes m]g$ 9 ! ocean ( ea* ( our lives' memories1 hopes1 & exp]i5ces1 & ea* hav+ receiv$ an impulse comport+ ) 8 receptivity & habits ( m9d1 sails away ^u 8 c\rse propell$ by unfett]$ imag9ation4 ,,musical ,,intellig5ce4 ,a symphony is l an epic poem2 its sali5t po9ts r ?an its r\nd$ :ole appeal to ! av]age read] or li/5]4 ,! /rik+ episodes ( unfamili> compositions 9 l>ge =m1 are prone to come out into undue prom95ce1 & s bl9d u to _! true significance z phases ( sequ5tial developm5t4 ,! su/a9$ ef=t1 & exp]i5ce dem&$ by a symphony1 are ! supreme te/s ( a compos]4 ,we !re=e h no "r to an op9ion 9 reg>d to ! m]its or dem]its ( a l>ge e>ne/ "w until /udy & he>+ h1 9 our und]/&+1 jo9$ its episodes & giv5 !m importful cont9uity4 ,bee?ov51 ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann1 & ,wagn] 7 end[$ ) great tal5t1 :i* indefatigable en]gy advanc$ to g5ius4 ,!y work$ ^u a plane f> above o!r m54 ,we _c hope to feel :at !y felt :ile creat+1 b we c "w1 ! :ile kn[+ t z we approa* _! level 9 k & exp]i5ce our m9ds w bett] assi/ our und]/&+ ( _! conceptions4 ,_! joys1 _! sorr[s1 _! triumphs1 _! e s5tim5t %\ld f9d response 9 our he>ts2 b ! impression made by music c only be di/9ct aft] we h made ourselves ac\/ically receptive1 aft] our natures h become attun$ l olian h>ps to responsiv5ess :5 waves ( melody /rike ^u !m4 ,our m9ds c be s\nd+-bo>ds1 :i* ga!r & reflect ^u our s\ls ! tone pictures we he>4 ,a wood5 surface mu/ be smoo?1 prop]ly =m$1 & p]fectly pois$1 or x w n collect1 focus1 & reflect s\nd effects4 ,9 ! same way our m5tal s\nd+-bo>ds mu/ be prop]ly prep>$1 or !y w n collect details & reflect s5tim5ts4 ,?is prep>ation involves ! use ( all available means = %ap+1 ref9+1 & pois+4 ,! e>ne/ /udy ( any bran* ( le>n+ broad5s1 & ! contemplation ( ! beautiful 9 nature & art quick5s1 ! p]ceptions4 ,p$antry--ano!r "n = self-suffici5t ignorance--w w>p & s di/ort our reflector z to m> its effici5cy1 mak+ x unju/ alike to ! subject & to u4 ,! e> %\ld be capable ( transmitt+ correctly1 & if possible 9 detail4 ,"s p]sons are end[$ ) absolute pit*4 ,^! =tunates1 if !y p]si/ 9 c>eful li/5+1 c become able to foll[ an intricate composition1 9 its modulations1 !matic developm5t1 etc41 m easily1 z well z m accurately1 ?r\gh he>+ ?an ?r\gh read+ ! pr9t$ page4 ,?is ability m>ks a long /ride t[>ds sympa?y ) ! compos]1 especially z its ex]cise involves undivid$ att5tion to ! subject 9 h&4 ,! abs5ce ( absolute pit* is no indication ( lack ( tal5t1 & ^? :o _c acquire x h no reason = disc\ragem5t4 ,e ord9>ily gift$ /ud5t c educate 8 he>+ to recognize int]vals 7seconds1 ?irds1 etc47 & ! t5d5cy ( *ords1 z bas$ on ! relations exi/+ betwe5 ! tones ( :i* !y are compos$--to ea* o!r & to ! key4 ,we %\ld /rive to make ourselves good m$iums4 ,ref9$ creations _c appeal to crude natures4 ,! savage1 al?\gh sometimes possess+ poetic in/9cts1 pref]s 8 own music1 ) its monoton\s weirdness1 to t :i* m civiliz$ communities c (f]4 ,our "r to pass judgm5t ^u o!rs' creations w !re=e dep5d l>gely on ! di/ance we are remov$ f ! savage 9 ! process ( evolution4 ,,! ,,end 99 99 99 99 99 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,a numb] ( words 9 ?is book h bo? hyph5at$ & non-hyph5at$ v>iants4 ,= ^? words1 ! v>iant m frequ5tly us$ 0 reta9$4 ,9 "s cases !re 0 no pr$om9ant v>iant4 ,! hyph5at$ v>iant 0 *os5 9 ^? cases4 ,obvi\s punctuation & pr9t+ errors1 :i* 7 n detect$ dur+ ! pr9t+ ( ! orig9al book1 h be5 correct$4