,h&book #adc ,ev]glades ,wildguide by ,jean ,craighead ,george ,illu/rations by ,betty ,fras] ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k1 ,florida ,division ( ,publications ,national ,p>k ,s]vice ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #aihh ,ab\t ,?is ,book ,"h is ! /ory ( ! plants & animals ( ! ,ev]glades1 ?is c\ntry's subtropical k+dom4 ,plants & animals f\nd n[h]e else 9 ! #ej /ates are f\nd "h 9 abundance1 ?\gh 9 an increas+ly p]il\s /ate4 ,9 ?is h&book1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #aigb1 au?or & rese>*] ,jean ,craighead ,george br+s to ! tell+ ( ?is /ory long ye>s ( /udy & und]/&+4 ,*eckli/s & gloss>ies at ! back buttress h] acc\nt ( ! natural hi/ory ( ?is national p>k4 ,national ,p>k ,h&books1 compact introductions to ! great natural & hi/oric places adm9i/]$ by ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 are publi%$ to support ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice's managem5t programs at ! p>ks & to promote und]/&+ & enjoym5t ( ! p>ks4 ,ea* is int5d$ to be in=mative read+ & a useful guide be=e1 dur+1 & aft] a p>k visit4 ,m ?an #ajj titles are 9 pr9t4 ,?is is ,h&book #adc4 ,y may pur*ase ! h&books ?r\gh ! mail by writ+ to ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,,dc #bjdjb4 ,libr>y ( ,congress c>d numb]3 #gc-fjjjgg ,,isbn #j-iabfbg-bi-h ,,gpo3 #aihg--aha-iag_/fjejd ,preface vii ,am]ica's ,subtropical ,wond]l& #a ,p9e ,rockl& #g ,tree-,isl& ,glades #ab ,mangrove ,swamp #af ,florida ,bay & ! ,coa/al ,prairie #ba ,big ,cypress ,swamp #bf ,plant-&-,animal ,communities #bi ,tropical ,h>dwood ,hammock #cj ,cypress ,head #ce ,bayhead #ch ,will[ ,head #dj ,web ( ,life 9 ! ,m>% #db ,alligator ,hole 9 ! ,glades #de ,discov]+ ,ev]glades ,plants & ,animals #di ,air ,plants #eb ,mammals #ei ,birds #fd ,reptiles & ,amphibians #gj ,fi%es #gb ,animals )\t ,backbones #ge ,indians ( ! ,ev]glades #gg ,app5dix #hj ,gloss>y #ha ,= ,read+ & ,ref]5ce #hd ,r>e & ,endang]$ ,animals #hf ,*eckli/ ( ,mammals #hg ,*eckli/ ( ,birds #hh ,*eckli/ ( ,reptiles & ,amphibians #if ,*eckli/ ( ,trees #ih ,illu/ration3 ,,ev]glades ,,national ,,p>k ,illu/ration3 ,alligator ne/ ,,preface ,! %imm]+ wat]s ( ! ev]glades creep sil5tly d[n ! tip ( ,florida "u w>m subtropical skies4 ,9 a va/1 %all[ %eet ?is lazy riv] idles ?r\gh tall grasses & %ad[y =e/s1 eas+ ov] alligator holes & "u bird rook]ies1 f9ally m+l+ ) ! salty wat]s ( ,florida ,bay & ! ,gulf ( ,mexico 9 ! mangrove swamps4 ,f s\rce to sea1 all across ! %all[ bread? ( ?is wat]y l&scape1 life ab\nds4 ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k is to mo/ ,am]icans an ,ed5 :]e birds1 mammals1 reptiles1 & or*ids f9d sanctu>y4 ,sun%9e sp>kles on sl\ghs teem+ ) fi%1 & on m>%es :]e wildfl[]s bloom ! ye> ar\nd2 x %9es on tree isl&s :]e birds roo/ & de] b$ d[n4 ,9 ?is semitropical g>d5 ( plant-&-animal communities1 e breeze-t\*$ glade1 e clu/] ( trees is a sep>ate _w 9 :i* are tuck$ yet small] worlds ( su* complexity t ev5 ecologi/s h n le>n$ all _! intricate relation%ips4 ,?is book has be5 writt5 to help y see h[ ! _m pieces ( ?is ecological puzzle fit toge!r to =m a complex1 ev]-*ang+1 closely wov5 web ( plants1 animals1 rock1 soil1 sun1 wat]1 & air4 ,,am]ica',s ,,subtropical ,,wond]l& ,ev]glades may n be our l>ge/ national p>k 7t honor belongs to ,wrangell-,/4 ,elias 9 ,alaska71 b x is c]ta9ly ! wette/4 ,dur+ & aft] ! ra9y season1 :5 n only ! mangrove swamp b also ! sawgrass prairie is "u wat]1 mo/ ( ! p>k ab\nds 9 fi% & o!r wat] life1 & ev5 ! :ite-tail$ de] leads a semi-aquatic exi/5ce4 ,despite ! fact t x is l[1 flat1 & l>gely "u wat]1 ,ev]glades is a p>k ( _m environm5ts3 %all[1 key-dott$ ,florida ,bay2 ! coa/al prairie2 ! va/ mangrove =e/ & its my/]i\s wat]ways2 cypress swamps2 ! true ev]glades--an ext5sive fre%wat] m>% dott$ ) tree isl&s & occasional ponds2 & ! drie/ zone1 ! p9e-&-hammock rockl&4 ,! wat]y expanse we call 8ev]glades10 f :i* ! p>k gets its "n1 lies only p>tly )9 ! p>k b\nd>ies4 ,orig9ally ?is riv] fl[$1 unob/ruct$ ?\gh v sl[ly1 s\?w>d f ,lake ,okee*obee m ?an #ajj miles to ,florida ,bay4 ,x is h>dly recognizable z a riv]1 = x is #ej miles wide & av]ages only ab\t #f in*es deep1 & x creeps r ?an fl[s4 ,its s\rce1 ! area ar\nd ,lake ,okee*obee1 is only ab\t #ae feet above sea level1 & ! riv]b$ slopes s\?w>d only #b or #c in*es to ! mile4 ,z y c see by ! maps on pages #b & #c1 ! works ( man h greatly alt]$ ! dra9age patt]ns & ! natural values ( s\? ,florida1 & y c imag9e h[ ?is has affect$ ! supply ( wat]--! p>k's lifeblood4 ,! p>k's array ( plants & animals is a bl5d ( tropical species1 mo/ ( :i* made _! way across ! wat] f ! ,c>ibbean isl&s1 & species f ! ,temp]ate ,zone1 :i* embraces all ( ,florida4 ,all ( ^! inhabitants exi/ "h ?r\gh adaptation to ! region's peculi> cycles ( flood1 dr\ght1 & fire & by virtue ( subtle v>iations 9 temp]ature1 altitude1 & soil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hi/oric ,,dra9age ,,patt]ns ,,( ,,s\? ,,florida ,illu/ration3 ,,dra9age ,,patt]ns ,,( ,,s\? ,,florida ,,today ,illu/ration3 ,,plant ,,communities ,,( ,,ev]glades ,,national ,,p>k ,! horizontal di/ance repres5t$ on ?is diagram1 f ! ,p9el& to ,florida ,bay1 is #ae miles4 ,) a greatly exagg]at$ v]tical scale1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! greate/ elevation ( ! p9e ridge & ! bottom ( ! ,florida ,bay m>l b$ is only #ad feet4 ,,florida ,,bay 7,,salt ,,wat]7 ,,mud ,,bank ,,key ,,coa/al ,,prairie ,,mangrove ,,swamp 7,,bracki%7 ,,buttonwood ,,levee ,,tree-,,isl& ,,glades 7,,fre% ,,wat]7 ,,bayhead ,,cypress ,,head ,,will[ ,,head ,,h>dwood ,,hammock ,,p9e ,,& ,,hammock ,,ridge ,und]ly+ ! entire p>k is por\s lime/one 7see gloss>y71 :i* 0 deposit$ ages ago 9 w>m seas t cov]$ ! s\!rn "p ( today's ,florida p59sula4 ,ov] ?is lime/one only a ?9 mantle ( m>l & peat provides soil = root+ plants4 ,"s ( ! p>k's ecosy/ems 7see gloss>y7 are extremely complex4 ,= example1 a s+le jungle hammock ( a doz5 acres may conta91 along ) giant live oaks & o!r plants f ! ,temp]ate ,zone1 _m k9ds ( tropical h>dwood trees2 a pr(usion ( v9es1 mosses1 f]ns1 or*ids1 & air plants2 & a great v>iety ( v]tebrate & inv]tebrate animals1 f tree snails to ! :ite-tail$ de]4 ,p9e ,rockl& ,ent]+ ! p>k f ! nor!a/1 y are on a road trav]s+ ! p9el&-&-hammock 8ridge40 ,?is elevat$ "p ( ! ,s\? ,florida lime/one b$rock1 :i* at ! p>k entrance is ab\t #f feet above sea level1 is ! drie/ zone 9 ! p>k4 ,p9e trees1 :i* w gr[ only on gr\nd t rema9s above wat] mo/ ( ! ye>1 ?rive on ?is rockl&4 ,!re is ano!r condition ess5tial to ! survival ( ! p9e =e/ 9 ?is region--fire4 ,we usually ?9k ( fire z ! enemy ( =e/ vegetation2 b t is n true "h4 ,! p9es t gr[ 9 ?is "p ( ,florida h a natural resi/ance to fire4 ,_! ?ick1 corky b>k insulates _! trunks f ! flames4 ,& /rangely en\gh ! fire actually seems to help ) p9e reproduction2 x de/roys compet+ vegetation & exposes ! m9]al soil se$l+s ne$4 ,if !re has be5 a good cone crop1 y w f9d an abundant gr[? ( p9e se$l+s aft] a fire 9 ! p9el&s4 ,:at w\ld happ5 if ! p9el&s 7 protect$ f fire8 ,exam9e a p9e =e/ :]e !re h be5 no rec5t fires4 ,y w note t !re are _m small h>dwood 7broadleav$7 trees gr[+ 9 ! %ade ( ! p9es4 ,^! h>dwoods w\ld ev5tually %ade out ! light-dem&+ p9e se$l+s1 & take ov] z ! old p9es di$ (f4 ,b "u normal conditions1 lightn+-caus$ fires sweep at fairly frequ5t int]vals ?r\gh ! p9el&4 ,s9ce ! h>dwoods h little resi/ance to fire1 !y are prun$ back4 ,be=e ?is c5tury1 fires burn$ va/ areas4 ,! only b>ri]s 7 natural wat]ways--sl\ghs1 lakes & ponds1 & e/u>ies--:i* reta9$ "s wat] dur+ ! ra9less season :5 ! re/ ( ! glades & p9el&s dri$ up4 ,old-tim]s say t sometimes a fire w\ld travel all ! way f ,lake ,okee*obee to ! coa/al prairie ( ,cape ,sable 7see page #b74 ,9 ! p9e =e/1 any area bypass$ by ^! fires = a l5g?y p]iod develop$ into a junglelike isl& ( h>dwoods4 ,we call su* /&s 8hammocks10 :e!r !y develop 9 ! p9e =e/ or 9 ! op5 glades4 ,on ! lime/one ridge1 ! hammocks support a community ( plants & animals /rik+ly diff]5t f ! surr\nd+ p9e =e/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p9e ,,& ,,hammock ,,ridge 7elevation3 #c to #g feet above sea level7 ,,sawgrass ,,glades ,,p9el& ,,h>dwood ,,hammock ,,p9el& #a ,,s\? ,,florida ,,sla% ,,p9e #b ,,saw-,,palmetto #c ,,coontie #d ,,saw-,,palmetto ,,aft] ,,fire ,) ! op5+ up ( s\? ,florida = f>m+ & indu/ry1 man's works--p>ticul>ly roads & canals--soon crisscross$ ! region1 =m+ b>ri]s to ! spread ( ! fires4 ,suppression ( fire by f>m]s1 lumb]m51 & p>k manag]s also less5$ _! effect4 ,?us ! h>dwoods1 :i* previ\sly _h be5 held back by fire1 t5d$ to replace ! p9es4 ,& al?\gh ! p>k 0 e/abli%$ to pres]ve a pat* ( primitive subtropical ,am]ica z x 0 9 e>li] c5turies1 ! l&scape began to *ange4 ,cont9u$ protection ( ! p>k f fire w\ld 9 "t elim9ate ! p9el&--a plant community t has little *ance to survive else:]e4 ,s1 9 ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k1 ,smokey ,be> mu/ take a back seat3 p>k rang]s delib]ately set fires to help nature ma9ta9 ! natural sc5e4 ,?us1 z y drive d[n ! road to ,flam+o1 d n be %ock$ to discov] p>k rang]s burn+ ! vegetation4 ,! fires are controll$1 ( c\rse1 & ! exi/+ hammocks are n de/roy$4 ,:5 y visit ! p>k take a close look at ! p9el&s community4 ,notice1 z y walk on ! manmade trail ?r\gh ! p9e =e/1 t ! gr\nd on ei!r side ( y is extremely r\gh4 ,! lime/one b$rock is visible ev]y:]e2 :at soil !re is has accumulat$ 9 ! pits & po?oles t riddle ! b$rock4 ,! trees1 %rubs1 grasses1 & o!r plants are root$ 9 ^! pockets ( soil4 ,! lime/one looks r haz>d\s to walk on--& x is4 ,y mu/ be c>eful n to break ?r\gh a ?9 %ell ( rock cov]+ a cavity4 ,?is pitt$1 honeycomb$ condition is due to ! fact t ! lime/one is easily dissolv$ by acids4 ,decay+ p9e ne$les1 palmetto leaves1 & o!r dead plant mat]ials produce weak acids t cont9ually eat away at ! rock4 ,if a fire has pass$ ?r\gh ! p9el& rec5tly1 y may notice t :ile mo/ ( ! l[-gr[+ plants h be5 kill$1 "s1 su* z ! saw-palmetto1 are s5d+ up new gre5 %oots4 ,! ?ick1 /ubby /em ( ! palmetto lies 9 a po?ole1 ) its roots 9 ! soil t has accumulat$ !re2 ev5 9 ! dry season ! pocket 9 ! lime/one rema9s damp1 = wat] is nev] v f> bel[ ! surface 9 ?is region4 ,:5 fire kills ! top ( ! plant1 ! /em & roots survive1 & ! palmetto1 l ! p9e1 rema9s a "p ( ! plant community4 ,a numb] ( o!r plants ( ! s\? ,florida p9el&s h adapt$ to ! conditions ( p]iodic burn+4 ,coontie 7a cycad1 f ! und]gr\nd /ems ( :i* ! ,indians made fl\r7 & moon v9e 7a morn+glory7 are among _m y w see surviv+ p9el& fires sev]e en\gh to result 9 ! dea? or /unt+ ( ! h>dwood se$l+s & sapl+s4 ,sometimes we =get t fire--l wat]1 w9d1 & sunlight--is a natural =ce t op]ates ) ! o!rs to influ5ce ! evolution ( plants z well z to %ape ! l&scape4 ,! p9el&1 l o!r plant communities1 has its own community ( animals4 ,"s ( its resid5ts1 su* z ! cotton m\se1 opossum1 & raccoon1 are f\nd 9 o!r communities ( ! p>k1 too4 ,"s ( ! p9el& animals1 h[ev]--p9e w>bl]1 reef gecko1 & five-l9$ sk9k1 = example--are p>ticul>ly adapt$ to ?is environm5t4 ,^! lov]s ( sunlight are dep5d5t1 l ! p9e =e/1 on ! occasional natural or manmade fires t hold back ! h>dwood trees4 ,! p9e rockl& is q diff]5t f ! o!r plant-&-animal communities y w see z y drive ?r\gh ! p>k3 x is ! only ecosy/em y c explore on foot 9 any season4 ,o!r p>ts ( ! p>k are l>gely flood$ dur+ ! wet season4 ,elevat$ bo>dwalks h be5 provid$ 9 "s ( ^! areas to enable y to p5etrate !m a %ort di/ance f ! road4 ,z y w see1 fire plays an important role 9 "s ( ! o!r ,ev]glades communities1 too4 ,tree-isl& ,glades 7elevation3 #a to #c feet above sea level7 ,illu/ration3 ,tree-isl& ,glade ,,bayhead ,,will[ ,,head ,,sawgrass ,,p9e ,,dw>f ,,cypress ,,=e/ ,,alligator ,,hole ,,cypress ,,head ,illu/ration3 ,,pig ,,frog "o-?ird life size ,illu/ration3 ,,gre5 ,,treefrog "o-?ird life size ,illu/ration3 ,,squirrel ,,treefrog color v>iation ,beyond ! p9el&s ! road1 hav+ desc5d$ "s #b feet f ! p>k entrance1 br+s y into ! true ev]glades--! riv] ( grass1 or1 z ! ,sem9oles call x1 ,pa-,hay-,okee 7grassy wat]s74 ,to ! eye1 ! glades look l a v flat1 grassy prairie brok5 by scatt]$ clumps ( trees4 ,dur+ ! dry season 7w9t]7 x is 9 fact a prairie--& sometimes burns fi]cely4 ,! dom9ant ev]glades plant is sawgrass 7actually n a grass b a s$ge74 ,! tree isl&s develop 9 bo? high & l[ spots ( ! glades t]ra94 ,9 ?is unbelievably flat c\ntry1 small diff]5ces 9 elevation--measur$ 9 in*es r ?an feet--cause major diff]5ces 9 ! plantlife3 tropical h>dwoods on ! 8mesas10 & swamp trees 9 ! po?oles4 ,a spot 9 ! glades :]e ! lime/one base is elevat$ j #b feet w be occupi$ by a small =e/ ( tropical h>dwoods & palms--a 8hammock0 mu* l ^? ( ! p9el&s4 ,a l[ spot--j a few in*es bel[ ! g5]al level ( ! lime/one base--w rema9 wet ev5 9 ! relatively ra9less w9t] :5 ! sawgrass becomes t9d] dry4 ,?is sl\ghlike depression w support a /& ( baldcypress1 call$ a 8cypress head40 ,o!r tree isl&s1 call$ bayheads & will[ heads1 develop 9 _m places :]e soil & peat accumulate4 ,/ep f ! sawgrass glades into "o ( ^! hammocks or heads2 y w f9d y\rself 9 ano!r _w4 ,y _c "k ! p>k until y h inve/igat$ ^! plant-&-animal communities s di/9ct f ! surr\nd+ m>% yet s mu* a "p ( x4 ,z y drive ?r\gh ! p>k1 look = ! trails provid$ to give y easy access into ! int]ior ( ! tree isl&s4 ,also *>act]i/ic ( ! glades are ! sl\ghs--*annels :]e ! glades wat]1 g5]ally a ?91 seem+ly motionless %eet1 is deep] & has a noticeable curr5t4 ,! sl\ghs support a ri* plantlife & attract a v>iety ( animals1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! dry season :5 ! wat] level drops bel[ ! %all[ glades bottom4 ,animals t live 9 ! glades :5 !y are "u wat] mu/ migrate or e/ivate 7see gloss>y7 if !y are to survive ! ra9less mon?s4 ,_m migrate to ! sl\ghs1 ! be/ kn[n ( :i* is ,taylor ,sl\gh1 :]e ! elevat$ ,anh+a ,trail enables y to walk ov] ! wat] & obs]ve ! wildlife4 ,fire is an important factor 9 ! ecology ( ! tree-isl& glades1 j z x is 9 ! p9el&4 ,"h1 too1 artificial b>ri]s su* z canals & roads h h9d]$ ! spread ( natural fires4 ,!re is "s evid5ce t tree isl&s 7 scatt]$ m ?9ly ov] ! sawgrass prairie a half-c5tury ago1 :5 a s+le fire might wipe out scores ( !m & de/roy mu* ( ! b$ ( peat t provid$ a foo?old = !m4 ,a bird's-eye view ( ! glades region today %[s _m tree isl&s t h be5 e/abli%$ 9 rec5t decades4 ,b p>k rang]s are n[ utiliz+ controll$ fires 9 ! glades z well z 9 ! p9el&4 ,?is t5ds to prev5t new tree isl&s f tak+ hold1 & ?us helps ma9ta9 ! natural ev]glades l&scape4 ,driv+ ov] ! glades t[>d ,florida ,bay1 y come to a sign read+ 8,rock ,reef ,pass--,elevation #c ,feet40 ,! road !n trav]ses ! s-call$ dw>f cypress =e/4 ,! =e/ is an op5 area ( scatt]$1 /unt$ baldcypress gr[+ :]e m>l 7:i*1 unlike peat1 does n burn7 has accumulat$ 9 small po?oles dissolv$ 9 ! lime/one4 ,^! m>l po?oles provide a foo?old = ! dw>f cypresses 9 an area t is spott$ ) cypress heads conta9+ mu* l>g] trees4 ,_m ( ! dw>f cypresses are m ?an #ajj ye>s old1 :ile tall cypresses 9 ! heads may be less ?an #ej ye>s old4 ,^! anomalies c be attribut$ to v>y+ soil dep?s & wat] levels & to ! effects ( fire4 ,be=e y rea* ! limit ( ! fre%-wat] m>% y w come to a side road lead+ to ,mahogany ,hammock4 7,a good foot trail makes x easy to explore ?is h>dwood jungle isl&47 ,j beyond1 y w notice ! fir/ r$ mangroves4 ,small & scatt]$ 9 ?is zone1 !y are a signal t y are approa*+ a /rik+ly diff]5t plant-&-animal community1 ! mangrove swamp4 ,mangrove ,swamp 7elevation3 sea level to #a foot above sea level7 ,illu/ration3 ,,prairie ,,s$ges ,,bay ,,jamaica ,,dogwood ,,gumbo-,,limbo ,,mahogany ,,prairie ,,s$ges ,,buttonwood ,,:ite-,,mangrove ,,osprey ,,ne/ ,,black-,,mangrove ,,r$-,,mangrove 7v d5se gr[?7 ,,e/u>y ,illu/ration3 ,,bonefi% ,comes 9 ) ! tide to fe$ on crabs & mollusks 9 %all[ wat] ,illu/ration3 ,,florida ,,horn ,,%ell ,lives 9 %all[ wat] & fe$s ^u algae & o!r aquatic plants ,illu/ration3 ',,coon ,,oy/] ,a small 7#a7 oy/] t lives atta*$ to ! roots ( mangroves ,! s\?w>d-creep+ wat]s ( ! glades ev5tually meet & m+le ) ! salty wat]s ( ! tidal e/u>ies4 ,9 ?is transition zone & along ! gulf & ,florida ,bay coa/s a gr\p ( trees t are tol]ant ( salty conditions1 call$ 8mangroves10 =m a va/1 wat]y wild]ness4 ,imp5etrable except by boat1 x occupies hundr$s ( squ>e miles1 embrac+ bo? ! %ift+ zone ( bracki% wat] & ! salti] coa/al wat]s4 ,sev]al k9ds ( trees are loosely call$ 8mangroves40 ,! wat]-tol]ant r$ mangrove gr[s well out into ! mudflats & is easily recogniz$ by its ar*+ /iltlike roots4 ,black-mangrove typically gr[s at levels cov]$ by high tide b expos$ at l[ tide1 & x is *>act]iz$ by ! root projections call$ pneumatophores t /ick up out ( ! mud l s _m /alks ( asp>agus gr[+ 9 ! %ade ( ! tree4 ,:ite-mangrove has no peculi> root /ructure & gr[s1 g5]ally1 f>!r f ! wat]1 beh9d ! o!r trees4 ,sometimes all ?ree are f\nd 9 mix$ /&s4 ,?is mangrove wild]ness1 lac$ by ?\s&s ( miles ( e/u>9e *annels 7call$ 8riv]s0 & 8creeks07 & brok5 by num]\s bays & s\nds1 is extremely productive biologically4 ,! bracki% zone is p>ticul>ly valuable z a nurs]y gr\nd = %rimp4 ,! l>vae & "y ( ^! m>9e cru/aceans & ( o!r m>9e animals rema9 9 ?is relatively protect$ environm5t until !y are l>ge en\gh to v5ture into ! op5 wat]s beyond ! mangroves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mangrove ,,swamp ,,& ,,! ,,coa/al ,,prairie ,! %rimp repres5t a multi-million-doll> indu/ry1 & ! sports-fi%+ bus9ess ( ! area is said to exce$ t by f>4 ,bo? w\ld suff] if any damage occurr$ to ?is ecosy/em4 ,! greate/ dang] is ! alt]ation 9 ! fl[ ( fre% wat]s f ! glades & cypress swamps t occurs :5 new canals are built & l& is dra9$ = cultivation or developm5t4 ,! fl[ c>ries ) x into ! e/u>ies organic mat]ials f ! ri* glades ecosy/em2 ^! supplem5t ! va/ quantities ( organic matt] d]iv$ f ! decay ( r$ mangrove leaves4 ,?us1 a r$uction 9 ! am\nt ( nutri5t-lad5 fre% wat] fl[+ into ! mangrove region w affect ! welf>e ( ! ecosy/em1 & indirectly ! livelihood or recreation ( _m p]sons4 ,! productive zone ( bracki% wat] v>ies 9 bread? accord+ to ! fl[ ( fre% wat]4 ,9 ! wet summ] x moves seaw>d z ! fl[ ( fre% wat] f ! glades pu%es ! tides back4 ,9 ! dri] w9t] ! bay & gulf wat]s move inl& & ! bracki% zone is q n>r[4 ,! dra9age & canal-build+ op]ations 9 s\? ,florida c be extremely disruptive "h1 s9ce too little1 or too mu*1 fre% wat] fl[+ into ! e/u>ies c int]f]e ) _! productivity4 ,natural disa/]s su* z hurricanes c also br+ ab\t great *anges 9 ! mangrove ecosy/em4 ,yet biologi/s d n necess>ily view ! de/ruction ( mangroves by hurricanes z cata/rophic4 ,! hurricanes h be5 occurr+ z long z ! mangroves h gr[n "h & are "p ( ! complex ( natural =ces mak+ ! region :at x is4 ,fire does n seem to be a problem 9 ! mangrove wild]ness4 ,! trees !mselves are n especially fire-resi/ant1 b x is n uncommon to see a glades fire burn to ! edge ( ! mangroves & /op :5 x runs out ( f9e fuel4 ,! mangrove wild]ness is a mecca = _m p>k visitors4 ,sportsm5 take _! motorboats into ! bays & riv]s to *all5ge ! fight+ t>pon4 ,bird lov]s seek ! roo/s & rook]ies ( h]ons & wood /orks4 ,canoei/s1 ! only ones able to explore ! secret dep?s1 are drawn by ! spell ( labyr9?9e *annels "u ar*+ mangrove bran*es4 ,"h1 9 a wild]ness /ill ?w>t+ man's ef=ts at de/ruction1 "o exp]i5ces a feel+ ( utt] isolation f ! ma*9e _w4 ,b ! rel5tlessly ris+ sea ( ! pa/ #aj1jjj ye>s has belittl$ dr\ght1 fire1 hurricane1 & fro/ z x sl[ly inundat$ ?is l& #c in*es ea* hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 comp5sation1 ! mangrove =e/ adds peat & rises ) ! sea4 ,! sawgrass m>%es retreat1 & ! mangrove ecosy/em prevails ess5tially un*ang$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,apple ,,murex ,a c>nivor\s mollusk t fe$s on oy/]s4 ,florida ,bay & ! ,coa/al ,prairie ,:5 y rea* ,flam+o1 a =m] fi%+ village & n[ a c5t] = visitor s]vices & accommodations1 y w be on ! %ore ( ,florida ,bay4 ,"h is an environm5t ri* 9 v>iety ( animal life1 :]e porpoises play1 ! ,am]ican crocodile makes its la/ /&1 & ! great :ite h]on1 once fe>$ doom$ to ext9ction1 holds its own4 ,! abundance ( game fi% 9 ! bay has giv5 x a reputation z "o ( ! be/ sport-fi%+ gr\nds on ! ea/ coa/4 ,! bay's approximately #ajj keys 7l[-ly+ islets7 7 built up by mangroves & provide foo?old = o!r plants h>dy en\gh to )/& ! salty environm5t & ! sometimes viol5t w9ds4 ,! keys are also a bre$+ gr\nd = wat] birds1 ospreys1 & bald eagles4 ,florida ,bay1 l>g] ?an "s ( our ,/ates1 is s %all[ t at l[ tide "s ( x is out ( wat]2 its greate/ dep? is ab\t #i feet4 ,! %all[s & mudflats attract great numb]s ( wad+ birds1 :i* fe$ ^u ! abundant life %elt]$ 9 ! seawe$s--a plant-&-animal community n\ri%$ by nutri5ts c>ri$ 9 ! wat]s fl[+ f ! glades & mangroves4 ,to ! we/ beyond ,flam+o is ,cape ,sable4 ,?is ne>-isl& includes ! f9e/ ( ! p>k's bea*es & mu* ( ! coa/al prairie ecosy/em4 ,a fr+e ( coconut palms along ! bea* c\ld be ! remnants ( e>ly attempts at a plantation on ! cape t did n survive ! hurricanes2 or x c\ld be ! result ( ! spr\t+ ( coconuts c>ri$ by curr5ts f ,c>ibbean plantations & wa%$ up on ! cape4 ,= a "t1 casu>9a trees 7call$ 8,au/ralian p9es071 :i* became e/abli%$ on ,cape ,sable aft] ,hurricane ,donna1 seem$ to ?reat5 ! ecology ( ! bea*4 ,b ^! invad]s 7 mo/ly remov$ 9 #aiga1 & n[ appe> to be "u control4 ,exam9e ! 8s&0 ( ?is bea*4 ,y w discov] t x is n qu>tz gra9s--b mo/ly m9ute %ell fragm5ts4 ,entire %ells ( ! w>m-wat] molluscs t live (f%ore also wa% up on ! bea*4 ,!re are also artifacts t speak ( ,indian activity 9 ?is area 9 pa/ c5turies1 curl$ c5t]s ( con* %ells f :i* ! pre-,columbian ,indians fa%ion$ tools1 & num]\s pieces ( pott]y 7pot%]ds74 ,bo? %ells & pot%]ds tempt ! collector4 ,%ell+--t is1 ! collect+ ( dead %ells1 = noncomm]cial purposes--is p]mitt$4 ,b ,f$]al law prohibits ! removal ( ev5 a fragm5t ( pott]y--= ^! are invaluable ,indian relics1 ess5tial to cont9u+ sci5tific inve/igation ( ! human hi/ory ( ! region4 ,illu/ration3 ,,florida ,,bay ,,& ,,! ,,coa/al ,,prairie 7elevation3 sea level to #b feet above sea level7 ,,florida ,,bay #a ,,r$-,,mangrove #b ,,black-,,mangrove #c ,,:ite-,,mangrove #d ,,buttonwood #e ,,cabbage ,,palmetto #f ,,hurricane-,,kill$ ,,black-,,mangroves #g ,,fig #h ,,poisonwood ,,crocodile ,,great ,,:ite ,,h]on ,,r$dis ,,egret ,,coconut ,,palm ,,succul5ts ,,grasses ,,s$ges ,,wat]way ,,m>l ,,prairie ,back f ! n>r[ bea* is a dri] zone ( grasses & o!r l[-gr[+ vegetation4 ,"s ( ! plants ( ?is zone1 su* z ! railroad v9e1 are s salt-tol]ant t 9 places !y gr[ almo/ to ! wat]'s edge4 7,no plant t is extremely s5sitive to salty soil c\ld survive on ,cape ,sable47 ,beyond ! grassy zone is a zone ( h>dwoods 7buttonwood1 gumbo-limbo1 ,jamaica dogwood71 cactuses1 yucca1 & o!r plants =m+ a transition f bea* to coa/al prairie4 ,birds provide mu* ( ! visual excitem5t ( ! bea* community1 j z !y d 9 o!r p>ts ( ! p>k4 ,s&pip]s1 pelicans1 gulls1 egrets1 ospreys1 & bald eagles use x & ! bord]+ wat]s = fe$+1 ne/+1 & re/+4 ,mammals1 notably raccoons1 /alk ! bea* 9 se>* ( food4 ,& ! big logg]head turtle dep5ds on x = ne/+4 ,9 late spr+ & e>ly summ] ! female logg]head hauls h]self up on ! bea* & digs a hole above hightide m>k4 ,!re %e deposits ab\t #ajj p+-pong balls--:i* %\ld hat* out into baby logg]heads4 ,un=tunately = ?is m>9e reptile1 h[ev]1 mo/ ( !m meet ano!r fate4 ,h>dly has ! female turtle cov]$ ! eggs ) s& & />t$ back t[>d ! wat]1 ?an !y are dug up & dev\r$ by raccoons & o!r pr$ators4 ,^! conditions creat$ su* high mortality ( ! turtles t ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice has adopt$ special protective measures--remov+ "s ( ! raccoons & erect+ wire b>ri]s ar\nd turtle ne/s4 ,^! measures h be5 effective1 b cont9u$ surveillance is requir$ if ! logg]head is n to disappe> f ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,flam+o ,,area ,an abundance ( raccoons & o!r pr$ators is n ! only ?reat to survival ( ! logg]head turtle4 ,a major factor 9 its decl9e is ! s]i\s depletion ( its ne/+ habitat4 ,p>k visitors are prohibit$ f int]f]+ ) ^! reptiles4 ,cape ,sable bea* is today virtually ! only wild bea* 9 ,s\? ,florida1 ?anks to its inclusion 9 ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k4 ,at pres5t1 visitors c rea* x only by boat4 ,b x w\ld be foolh>dy to take x = grant$ t ! bea* w rema9 unspoil$4 ,its pot5tial z an attraction is su* t someone n ecologically aw>e might believe t access = motori/s w\ld be an improvem5t4 ,roads1 h[ev]1 w\ld br+ increas$ pressure on ! ecosy/em by l>ge numb]s ( visitors1 & dem&s = fur!r developm5t1 = lodg+1 meals1 & o!r s]vices seem always to g ) automobiles4 ,) cont9u$ protection f su* encroa*m5ts1 ,cape ,sable ,bea* w rema9 a unique wild]ness res\rce & w n become j ano!r recreational facility4 ,m]g+ ) ! bea* is ! coa/al prairie1 an ecosy/em support+ r$ & black mangroves1 grasses1 & o!r plants tol]ant ( ! v salty environm5t4 ,h>dwood hammocks h develop$ "h on ,indian %ell m\nds1 b ! trees are /unt$ by ! sal9e soils4 ,?\gh !re is no lack ( wat] on ! cape1 mu* ( ! region appe>s arid because hurricane-la%$ tides h deposit$ soils ( m>l & debris s salt-lad5 t only sp>se vegetation develops4 ,big ,cypress ,swamp ,to ! we/ ( ! great fre%-wat] m>% call$ ! ev]glades1 ly+ almo/ entirely outside ! p>k1 is an ecosy/em vitally l9k$ to ! p>k4 ,big ,cypress ,swamp is a va/1 %all[ bas9 t includes practically all ( ,colli] ,c\nty4 ,x is commonly call$ 8,! ,big ,cypress0--n because ( ! size ( its trees1 b because ( its ext5t4 ,mo/ ( ! baldcypresses 7:i* are n true cypresses7 are small trees1 gr[+ 9 op5 to d5se /&s ?r\gh\t ! area4 ,! swamp is wat]$ by ab\t #ej in*es ( annual ra9fall1 ! run(f f :i* fl[s z a %eet & 9 sl\ghs s\? & we/ to meet ! coa/al /rip ( mangroves & l[ s& dunes4 ,big ,cypress is speckl$ ) l[ lime/one outcrops1 cut ) %all[ sl\ghs #a to #b feet deep1 & dott$ ) ponds & wet prairies4 ,z 9 ! ev]glades1 fire & wat] ma9ta9 ! "* ( ! plantlife 9 ?is swampy realm ( sunlight & %ad[4 ,also z 9 ! ev]glades1 a diff]5ce ( a few in*es 9 elevation creates diff]5t communities4 ,tropical h>dwood hammocks gr[ on rocky outcrops4 ,9 ! depressions arise bayheads & clumps ( pond apple1 pop a%1 & will[4 ,! l>g] baldcypress trees gr[ 9 %all[ sl\ghs1 :i* are usually surr\nd$ by prairies ( sawgrass & maid5 cane gr[+ on slightly high] l&4 ,al?\gh ! sev]al diff]5t plant communities resemble ^? 9 ! glades1 !y support slightly diff]5t plants1 because ( ! s&y soil 7!re be+ m qu>tz 9 ! lime/one "u ,big ,cypress ?an 9 ! p>k74 ,^! baldcypresses1 _m measur+ #c to #f feet 9 diamet]1 7 heavily lumb]$ f #aicj to #aiej4 ,today1 few giant trees survive1 b a sizable /& exi/s on ! ,norris ,tract--s nam$ = its cons]vation-m9d$ donor--:i* =ms ! nucleus ( ,corkscrew ,swamp ,sanctu>y4 ,"h1 protect$ by ! ,national ,audubon ,society1 are baldcypresses #acj feet tall2 "s h a gir? ( #be feet6 ,a bo>dwalk m ?an "o-half mile long enables y to enjoy ! beauty ( ?is wild pres]ve )\t gett+ y\r feet wet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cypress ,,/r& ,,wet ,,prairie ,,tropical ,,h>dwood ,,hammock ,,wet ,,prairie #a ,,s\? ,,florida ,,sla% ,,p9e #b ,,baldcypress #c ,,pop ,,a% #d ,,royal ,,palm ,,air ,,plant ,l>ge /&s ( baldcypress1 call$ 8/r&s10 support small communities su* z ponds1 prairies1 & tropical hammocks4 ,"o su* hammock is fam\s = ! f9e/ /& ( royal palms rema9+ 9 s\? ,florida4 ,! l>ge/ cypress /r&--! ,fakahat*ee--ext5ds "s #bc miles nor? & s\? a few miles ea/ ( ,naples4 ,big ,cypress ,swamp is ! home ( wild turkey1 bobcat1 de]1 & an occasional ,florida pan!r4 ,! fi%-eat+ ott] plays 9 its wat]ways4 ,mo/ ( ! birds f\nd 9 ! ev]glades also are f\nd 9 ! trees & wat]ways ( ,big ,cypress1 because ! swamp has an abundance ( food4 ,! area is s ri* 9 wildlife & edible plants t ! ,sem9ole ,indians =m]ly liv$ entirely (f its products4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bobcat ,,:ite-,,tail$ ,,de] ,,ott] ,! ea/]n edge ( ! big swamp & its importance to ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k came to worldwide att5tion 9 #aifi :5 x 0 select$ z ! site = ! propos$ ,miami ,int]national ,jetport4 ,accord+ to plans1 ?is 0 to be ! bigge/ airport 9 ! _w1 cov]+ #ci squ>e miles & h&l+ #fe million pass5g]s a ye>4 ,millions ( p]sons 7 expect$ to make _! home 9 & ar\nd ! jetport4 ,su* a ?reat to ! national p>k1 into :i* ! wat]s ( ,big ,cypress p>tly dra91 provok$ prote/ lett]s f all ov] ! _w4 ,mo/ writ]s object$ on ! gr\nds t ,ev]glades belongs to all & t a jetport "h w\ld seal ! doom ( ! p>k4 ,congress act$ 9 #aigd by e/abli%+ ,big ,cypress ,national ,pres]ve to help protect ! wat] supply to ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k4 ,,plant-,,&-,,animal ,,communities ,to "k ,ev]glades1 y mu/ become acqua9t$ ) "s ( its div]se communities4 ,! physical conditions det]m9+ ! exi/5ce ( a p>ticul> community may seem subtle--j a few in*es diff]5ce 9 elevation1 or an accumulation ( peat 9 a depression 9 ! lime/one b$rock1 = example4 ,b (t51 ! *ange 9 y\r surr\nd+s z y /ep f "o community to ano!r is />tl+--= x is abrupt & complete4 ,9 ,ev]glades1 ! divid+ l9e betwe5 two habitats may sep>ate an almo/ entirely diff]5t association ( plants & animals4 ,use ! trails t h be5 laid out to help y see ! communities4 ,!y make access easy = y2 ! re/ is up to y4 ,be obs]vant3 notice ! /emlike root ( a saw-palmetto 9 a damp po?ole ( ! p9el&2 look closely at ! p]iphyton t plays su* an important role 9 ! glades food *a94 ,note ! diff]5ce 9 fe$+ me?ods ( wad+ birds2 ea* species has its own ni*e 9 ! habitat4 ,mo/ ( all1 get into ! habit ( ?9k+ ( ea* animal1 ea* plant1 z a memb] ( ! closely wov5 web ( life t makes up an integrat$ community4 ,tropical ,h>dwood ,hammock ,g5]ally1 9 s\? ,florida1 h>dwood hammocks develop only 9 areas protect$ f fire1 flood1 & sal9e wat]s4 ,! l& mu/ be high en\gh 7#a to #c feet above surr\nd+ levels7 to /& above ! wat] t cov]s ! glades mu* ( ! ye>4 ,! roots ( ! trees mu/ be out ( ! wat] & mu/ h adequate a]ation4 ,9 ! p>k1 ^! conditions prevail on ! lime/one 8ridge0 7elevation ( :i* ranges f #c to #g feet above sea level7 & "s spots 9 ! glades region4 ,on ! lime/one ridge1 9 areas bypass$ by fires = a long p]iod1 hammocks h develop$4 ,p9es gr[ 9 ! surr\nd+ areas1 :]e repeat$ fires h held back ! h>dwoods4 ,! moats t t5d to =m ar\nd glades hammocks1 z acids f decay+ plant mat]ials dissolve ! lime/one1 hold wat] ev5 dur+ ! dry season2 ! moats ?us act z b>ri]s protect+ ! hammock vegetation f glades fires4 ,:5 ! :ite man took ov] s\!rn ,florida1 ^! hammocks 7 luxuriant jungle isl&s dom9at$ by t[]+ tropical h>dwoods & palms4 ,/umps & logs on ! floors ( "s ( ! rema9+ hammocks1 atte/+ to ! enorm\s size ( "s ( ! e>li] trees1 are sad rem9d]s ( ! =m] gr&eur ( ! hammocks4 ,:ile mo/ ( s\? ,florida's hammocks h be5 de/roy$1 y c /ill see "s f9e ones protect$ 9 ! p>k4 ,at ,royal ,palm ,hammock1 ne> p>k headqu>t]s1 ,gumbo ,limbo ,trail w9ds ?r\gh a dim1 d5se =e/ ) welcome coolness on a hot day4 ,/epp+ into a jungle hammock f ei!r ! sunba!d glades or ! op5 p9e =e/ is a sudd51 dramatic *ange4 ,! contra/ :5 y ent] ,gumbo ,limbo ,trail imm$iately aft] walk+ ! ,anh+a ,trail is /rik+4 ,:ile ! wat]y _w ( ,anh+a is dom9at$ by a noisy pr(usion ( wildlife1 ! environm5t ( ,gumbo ,limbo w seem to be a m]e tangle ( vegetation4 ,b ! jungle hammock1 too1 has its community ( animals--ev5 ?\gh y may notice none b mosquitoes4 ,_m ( its d5iz5s are nocturnal 9 _! habits1 b if y rema9 al]t y w obs]ve birds1 inv]tebrates1 & p]haps a liz>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tree ,,snails ,!re are #eb color =ms ( ,liguus fasciatus f\nd 9 s\? ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 ,liguus fasciatus pseudopictus ,illu/ration3 ,liguus fasciatus pictus ,illu/ration3 ,liguus fasciatus ornatus ,! trees t envelop y z y walk on ,gumbo ,limbo ,trail are mo/ly tropical species2 ( ! dom9ant trees1 only ! live oak 7:i* gr[s z f> nor? z ,virg9ia7 c be consid]$ non-tropical4 ,"u oaks & tropical bu/ics1 poisonwood1 ma/ics1 & gumbo-limbos gr[ small trees su* z tetrazygia1 r\gh-leaf velvetse$1 & wild c(fee1 a multitude ( mosses & f]ns1 & only a few species ( %ade-tol]ant fl[]+ plants4 ,or*ids & air plants bur/ l sun />s f limbs1 trunks1 & fall5 logs4 ,tw9+ among !m all1 ! woody v9es call$ lianas enhance ! jungle atmosph]e4 ,add+ a f9al t\* are ! royal palms t "h & !re t[] ov] ! h>dwood canopy--occasionally rea*+ #abe feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tropical ,,h>dwood ,,hammock ,,p9el& ,,s\? ,,florida ,,sla% ,,p9e ,,bu/ic ,,gumbo-,,limbo ,,solution ,,hole ,,pond ,,apple ,,air ,,plants 7,,or*ids1 ,,bromeliads7 ,,royal ,,palm ,,live ,,oak ,,ma/ic ,,v9es ,,p9el& ,,saw-,,palmetto ,! lime/one rock t und]lies ! entire p>k is por\s & soluble2 consequ5tly ! floor ( ! hammock is pitt$ ) solution holes dissolv$ by ! acid f decay+ vegetation4 ,soil & peat accumulat+ 9 ! wat]-fill$ bottom ( "o ( ^! holes supports a plant community ( its own3 p]haps a pond apple1 surr\nd$ by f]ns & mosses 7includ+ "s v>ieties t seem to be limit$ to ?is po?ole environm5t74 ,a dead1 decay+ log on ! gr\nd may support ano!r m9iature plant community--a c>pet ( mosses1 f]ns1 & o!r small plants t ?rive 9 su* moi/ situations4 ,/range/ ( ! hammock plants is ! /rangl] fig1 :i* fir/ gets a foo?old 9 ! r\gh b>k ( a live oak1 cabbage palm1 or o!r tree4 ,x !n s5ds roots d[n to ! gr\nd1 entw9+ ab\t ! ho/ tree z x gr[s1 & ev5tually kill+ x4 ,on ! ,gumbo ,limbo ,trail y w see a /rangl] fig t grew 9 ?is mann] & 0 enme%$ by ano!r /rangl] fig--:i* n[ is ?reat5$ by a ?ird fig t already has ga9$ a foo?old 9 its bran*es4 ,be/ kn[n ( ! glades hammocks is ,mahogany ,hammock4 ,a bo>dwalk trail 9 ?is lu%1 junglelike tree isl& leads pa/ ! giant mahogany tree = :i* ! hammock 0 nam$--n[1 because ( ,hurricane ,donna1 a dismemb]$ giant4 ,?is f9e tree isl& 0 explor$ only aft] ! p>k 0 e/abli%$4 ,an array ( l>ge & small v]tebrate animals1 mo/ly repres5tative ( ! ,temp]ate ,zone1 populates ^! tropical h>dwood jungles3 raccoons & opossums1 _m v>ieties ( birds1 snakes & liz>ds1 tree frogs1 ev5 bobcats & ! r>e ,florida pan!r1 or c\g>4 ,n surpris+ly1 inv]tebrates--includ+ insects & snails--ab\nd 9 ?is luxuriant plant community4 ,! tropical influ5ce is evid5t 9 ! pres5ce ( inv]tebrates su* z tree snails ( ! g5us ,liguus1 kn[n outside ( ,florida only 9 ,hispaniola & ,cuba4 ,cypress ,head ,/&+ out conspicu\sly on ! glades l&scape are tall1 domelike tree isl&s ( baldcypress4 ,unlike hammocks1 :i* occupy elevations1 cypress heads1 or domes1 occupy depressions 9 ! lime/one b$rock--areas t rema9 z ponds or wet places dur+ seasons :5 ! glades dry up4 ,wat]-lov+ cypresses ne$ only a ?9 accumulation ( peat & soil to beg9 _! gr[? 9 ^! depressions or 9 small] solution holes 9 ! lime/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,cypress head ,,baldcypress ,,alligator ,,hole 7(t5 9 middle ( cypress head7 ,,sawgrass ,illu/ration3 ,,turkey ,,vulture ,?\gh mo/ conif]s reta9 _! ne$les all ye>1 baldcypresses %$ _! foliage 9 w9t]4 ,! fall5 ne$les decay1 =m+ acids t dissolve ! lime/one fur!r2 ?us ^! trees t5d to enl>ge _! own ponds4 ,s9ce ! pond is deep] 9 ! middle1 & ! accumulation ( peat is great] !re1 ! tall] trees gr[ 9 ! c5t] ( ! head1 ) ! small] ones t[>d ! edge4 ,h5ce ! *>act]i/ic dome-%ap$ pr(ile4 ,usually :5 fire sweeps ! glades1 ! baldcypresses1 occupy+ l[1 wet spots1 are n injur$4 ,b ) ext5d$ dr\ght1 ! wat] disappe>s & ! peat may burn = mon?s1 kill+ all ! baldcypresses4 ,! cypress heads sometimes s]ve z alligator holes1 :]e ! big reptiles & o!r aquatic animals are able to survive dry p]iods4 ,z y drive along ! p>k road1 /op & exam9e ^! tree isl&s ?r\gh y\r b9ocul>s2 !y are favor$ haunts ( _m ( ! p>k's l>g] wad+ birds4 ,look = h]ons1 egrets1 wood /orks1 & :ite ibis1 :i* visit ^! swampy habitats to fe$ on ! abundant aquatic life4 ,bald eagles f9d ! tops ( ! talle/ cypresses advantage\s p]*es f :i* to scan ! m>%4 ,& at night c]ta9 ( ! cypress heads are 8buzz>d roo/s0--re/+ areas = ga!r+s ( hundr$s ( turkey vultures4 ,bayhead ,illu/ration3 ,bayhead ,,alligator ,,flag ,,cocoplum ,,swamp ,,holly ,,cabbage ,,palmetto ,,r$bay ,,sweetbay ,,sawgrass ,,will[ ,,or*ids ,,& ,,bromeliads ,_m ( ! tree isl&s 9 ! fre%-wat] glades are ( ! type call$ bayhead4 ,gr[+ 9 depressions 9 ! lime/one or f b$s ( peat built up on ! b$rock1 ^! plant communities conta9 a v>iety ( trees1 includ+ swamp holly1 r$bay1 sweetbay1 wax myrtle1 & cocoplum4 ,"s ( !m1 on ! fr+es ( ! bracki% zone1 are m>k$ by clumps ( graceful paurotis palms gr[+ at _! edges4 ,l ! h>dwood hammocks 9 ! p9el&s1 bayheads are prev5t$ f tak+ ov] ! entire glades ecosy/em by ! dry-season fires t sweep ! region at irregul> int]vals4 ,! fires d n always affect ! bayheads4 ,a moat1 =m$ by ! dissolv+ action ( acids f decay+ plant mat]ials on ! lime/one1 may surr\nd ! tree isl&1 provid+ "s protection f fire4 ,wildlife conc5trates 9 ^! moats dur+ ! dry season4 ,birds congregate "h to h>ve/ ! fi%1 snails1 & o!r aquatic life--& occasionally !mselves fall prey to lurk+ alligators4 ,will[ ,head ,will[s pione] new t]ritories & create an environm5t t enables o!r plants to ga9 a foo?old4 ,_! w9dbl[n se$s usually root 9 sunny l& op5$ by fire & agriculture4 ,s9ce ^! trees require a great quantity ( wat]1 ! solution holes 9 ! glades are favorable sites4 ,se$l+s gr[1 leaves fall1 & /ems & twigs die & drop--contribut+ to ! =mation ( peat4 ,:5 ?is builds up close to or above ! surface ( ! wat]1 x provides a habitat = o!r trees su* z sweet bay & cocoplum2 ) en\gh ( ^! ! will[ head *anges "* & becomes a bayhead4 ,ye>s ago1 :5 alligators 7 pl5tiful1 !y we$$ ! will[-bord]$ solution holes1 keep+ !m op54 ,consequ5tly1 ! will[ heads 7 typically donut-%ap$4 ,today1 h[ev]1 alligators are sc>ce & _m ( ! will[ heads h no 'gators4 ,! solution holes fill ) muck & peat2 relatively tall will[s rise out ( ! deep1 peat-fill$ c5t]s1 ) increas+ly small] ones t[>d ! less f]tile edges1 & ! will[ heads take on ! *>act]i/ic dome-%ap$ pr(ile b n ne>ly ! height ( ! cypress domes4 ,!y h a clumpy1 bru%y appe>ance1 seem+ to gr[ "r out ( ! m>% )\t trunks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pomacea ,,snail--,! sole food ( ! ev]glade kite ,illu/ration3 ,,ev]glade ,,kite ,illu/ration3 ,will[ heads ) alligator holes typically h a d\ghnut %ape--! gator hole repres5t+ ! hole 9 ! d\ghnut4 ,,spatt]dock ,,coa/al ,,pla9 ,,will[ ,,cattail ,,dry ,,season ,,wat] ,,level ,will[ heads t d h alligator holes h a seasonal conc5tration ( aquatic animals & ! birds & mammals t prey ^u !m4 ,!y r>ely support or*ids or bromeliads1 = ! b>k ( ! s\!rn will[ is too smoo? to provide an*orage = ! se$l+s ( ^! plants4 ,dur+ dr\ght p]iods will[ heads1 l bayheads1 are vuln]able to ! fires t sometimes burn ov] ! glades4 ,web ( ,life 9 ! ,m>% ,ar\nd ! /ems & o!r und]wat] p>ts ( ! glades plants are cyl9drical masses ( yell[i%-gre5 p]iphyton4 ,s incr$ibly abundant are ^! masses ( liv+ mat]ial t 9 late summ] ! wat] appe>s z ?\gh clogg$ ) mossy-look+ sausages & float+ pancakes4 ,l>gely algae1 b conta9+ p]haps #ajj diff]5t organisms1 ! p]iphyton supports a complex web ( glades life4 ,x is ! beg9n+ ( _m food *a9s 9 ! fre%-wat] m>%4 ,! l>vae ( mosquitoes & o!r inv]tebrates1 l>val frogs 7tadpoles7 & salam&]s1 & o!r small1 free-swimm+ creatures fe$ ^u ! t9y plants & m9ute animals liv+ 9 ! masses ( p]iphyton4 ,^! p]iphyton fe$]s are 9 turn f$ ^u by small fi%1 frogs1 & o!r v]tebrates1 :i* are food = big fi%1 birds1 mammals1 & reptiles2 mo/ ( ^! l>g] creatures are prey$ ^u by ! alligator4 ,! p]iphyton is p]haps mo/ important = its role 9 ma9ta9+ ! physical environm5t ( ! m>%4 ,! wat] fl[+ ov] ! lime/one ( ! glades is h>d ) calcium4 ,! algae remove ?is calcium & conv]t x to m>l 7see gloss>y71 :i* precipitates to ! bottom4 ,sawgrass is root$ 9 ?is m>l2 accumulat$ dead sawgrass =ms peat2 o!r m>% plants1 includ+ will[s & ! trees ( ! bayheads1 spr+ up f ! peat4 ,acid f ! peat & f decay+ plant matt] ( ! tree isl&s dissolves "s ( ! m>l & und]ly+ b$rock--& ! cycle is complete4 ,e plant1 e animal1 e physical elem5t is involv$ 9 ?is web ( life--z soil build]1 pr$ator1 plant-eat]1 scav5g]1 ag5t ( decay1 or conv]t] ( en]gy & raw mat]ials into food4 ,damage to or removal ( any ( ^! compon5ts--pollution ( ! wat]1 l[]+ ( ! wat] table1 elim9ation ( a pr$ator1 or any int]f]5ce 9 ! en]gy cycle--c\ld de/roy ! glades z we "k !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,food ,,*a9 ,,algae ,,& ,,"o-,,cell$ ,,animals ,,inv]tebrate ,,l>vae ,,p]iphyton ,,mass ,,sawgrass ,,sawgrass ,,dies ,,& ,,makes ,,peat ,e o!r plant-&-animal community 9 ! p>k--hammock1 mangrove swamp1 p9el&1 etc4--is an association ( l>ge & small organisms %>+ a physical environm5t4 ,x is impossible to und]/& ei!r ! p>k z a :ole or ! life ( a s+le creature )\t be+ aw>e ( ^! int]relation%ips4 ,alligator ,hole 9 ! ,glades ,out 9 ! sunny glades ! broad leaves ( ! alligator flag m>k ! location ( an alligator hole4 ,?is is ! mo/ incr$ible ecosy/em ( all ! worlds )9 ! _w ( ! p>k2 = 9 a s5se ! alligator is ! keep] ( ! ev]glades4 ,) feet & sn\t ^! reptiles cle> out ! vegetation & muck f ! l>g] holes 9 ! lime/one4 ,9 ! dry season1 :5 ! floor ( ! glades *ecks 9 ! sun1 ^! holes are oases4 ,!n l>ge numb]s ( fi%1 turtles1 snails1 & o!r fre%-wat] animals take refuge 9 ! holes1 mov+ "r 9 ) ! alligators4 ,en\gh ( ^! wat]-dep5d5t creatures ?us survive ! dr\ght to repopulate ! glades :5 ! ra9s return4 ,birds & mammals jo9 ! migration ( ! ev]glades animal k+dom to ! alligator holes1 fe$ ^u ! conc5trat$ life 9 !m--& 9 turn occasionally become food = _! alligator ho/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alligator ,,flag ,lily pads float on ! surface4 ,ar\nd ! edges arr[leaf1 cattails1 & o!r em]g5t plants gr[4 ,beh9d !m on high] muckl&1 mu* ( :i* is creat$ by ! alligators z !y pile up plant debris1 /& f]ns1 wildfl[]s1 & swamp trees4 ,algae ?rive 9 ! wat]4 ,! root$ wat] plants might become s d5se z to h9d] ! movem5t & gr[? ( ! fi%1 7 x n = ! we$+ activities ( ! alligators4 ,) ! old reptiles keep+ ! pool op51 ! fi% ?rive1 & alligator & gue/s live well4 ,plants pil$ beside ! hole by ! alligator decay & =m soil ) mud & m>l4 ,f]ns1 wildfl[]s1 & tree se$l+s take root1 & ev5tually ! alligator hole may be ! c5t] ( a tree isl&4 ,s1 x's easy to see h[ important ! alligator is to ! ecology ( ! p>k4 ,un=tunately = ?is reptile1 _m p 9 ! pa/ believ$ only 9 ! value ( its hide4 ,hunt+ = alligators became pr(itable 9 ! mid-#ahhj's & cont9u$ until ! #aifj's4 ,9 #aifa ,florida prohibit$ all hunt+ ( alligators1 b poa*+ cont9u$ to take its toll4 ,f9ally1 ! ,f$]al ,endang]$ ,species ,act ( #aifi protect$ ! alligator by elim9at+ all hunt+ & traffick+ 9 hides4 ,z a result ( complete protection1 ! alligator has increas$ greatly 9 numb]4 ,!y are no long] an endang]$ species 9 ,florida1 & !y c easily be f\nd 9 gator holes & sl\ghs4 ,today alligators are eag]ly s\ght by visitors to ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k :o are anxi\s to see & photograph ?is unique creature4 ,once aga91 ! alligator is ! keep] ( ! ev]glades4 ,illu/ration3 ,,actual ,,size ,,at ,,hat*+ 7#h to #aj7 ,illu/ration3 ,alligator ,,food ,,fi% 7g>1 bass1 etc47 ,,birds ,,turtles 7s(t-%ell$ & o!rs7 ,,mammals ,,raccoon ,,snapp+ ,,turtle ,,gre5 ,,h]on ,illu/ration3 #dj ,,to #fj ,,eggs ,,laid ,,9 ,,ne/ ,,( ,,humus ,,9 ,,may ,,or ,,june ,illu/ration3 ,,"m ,,t5ds ,,"y #a ,,to #b ,,ye>s #a ,,ye> ,,old3 ,,ab\t #b ,,long ,illu/ration3 ,,alligator ,,hole ,,9 ,,! ,,glades ,,sn[y ,,egret ,,:ite ,,ibis ,,wood ,,/ork ,,mosquito 7#ae species7 ,,snail ,,eggs ,,pig ,,frog ,,alligator ,,ne/ ,,dry ,,season ,,wat] ,,level ,,gambusia ,,killifi% ,,sunfi% ,,l>gem\!d ,,bass ,,florida ,,spott$ ,,g> ,,florida ,,s(t-,,%ell$ ,,turtle #a ,,spike ,,ru% #b ,,p9k ,,g]>dia #c ,,spid] ,,lily #d ,,cattail #e ,,pick]el ,,we$ #f ,,arr[head #g ,,wat] ,,lily #h ,,spatt]dock #i ,,bladd]wort #aj ,,alligator ,,flag #aa ,,morn+glory ,,discov]+ ,,ev]glades ,,plants ,,& ,,animals ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k1 ) its array ( plant communities--rang+ f ! p9es & palmettos root$ 9 ! pitt$ lime/one b$rock ( ! p>k's dry upl&s1 ?r\gh ! p]iphyton-bas$ m>% community & ! bracki% mangrove swamp1 to ! highly sal9e wat]s ( ,florida ,bay--is an amateur botani/'s p>adise4 ,_m ( ! p>k's plants are f\nd n[h]e else 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,only "h at ! s\!rn tip ( ! ,florida p59sula d tropical trees & or*ids m+le ) oaks & p9es4 ,?is book is n int5d$ to be a manual = id5tification ( ! ,ev]glades plants4 ,y w ne$ to arm y\rself ) appropriate field guides to f]ns1 or*ids1 aquatic plants1 trees1 or :atev] y\r special int]e/ may be4 ,! read+ li/ 9 ! app5dix sugge/s a few4 ,:ile ! p>k is a mecca = /ud5ts ( plantlife1 y mu/ keep "o ?+ 9 m9d3 y\r collect+ w be limit$ to photographs 7&1 if y're an arti/1 draw+s74 ,no specim5s may be remov$ or di/urb$4 ,=tunately1 ) today's v]satile cam]as & high-quality color films y c take home a complete & accurate record ( y\r plant discov]ies4 ,mu* ( our pres5t k ( ,ev]glades plantlife has be5 g>n]$ by amateurs4 ,mu* m ne$s to be accumulat$ be=e an environm5tal managem5t program = ! p>k c be p]fect$1 & s]i\s /ud5ts ( botany are invit$ to make _! data available to ! p>k /aff4 ,z = wild animals1 "o h>dly ne$s to look = !m 9 ?is p>k6 ,mo/ visitors come "h1 at lea/ p>tly1 = t reason4 ,& ev5 ^? n seek+ wildlife %\ld be al]t to avoid /epp+ on or runn+ d[n ! sl[] or less w>y creatures4 ,b animal wat*+ is a great pa/ime1 & x pays to le>n to d x "r4 ,a few sugge/ions may help y make ! mo/ ( y\r exp]i5ce 9 ,ev]glades4 ,illu/ration3 ,,birds ,,& ,,reptiles ,big ,cypress ,swamp ,mangrove ,swamp ,p9e ,rockl& ,coa/al ,prairie ,ev]glades ,,birds ,,& ,,reptiles ,h]on ,rook]ies ,br[n ,pelican ,rook]ies ,spoonbill ,rook]ies ,wood ,/ork ,rook]ies ,sea ,turtle ,ne/+ ,rec5t ,crocodile ,ne/+ ,a notebook 9 :i* to record y\r obs]vations w help y discov] t ?is p>k is n j a l&scape ( grass1 wat]1 & trees :]e a lot ( animals happ5 to live--b a complex1 subtropical _w ( plant-&-animal communities1 ea* di/9ct & yet dep5d5t ^u ! o!rs4 ,to ga9 real und]/&+ ( ?is _w y w ne$ c]ta9 skills & "s good habits4 ,ability to id5tify :at y see--) ! help ( good field guides 7see read+ li/7 & q a bit ( practice--w make ?+s easi] & mu* m enjoyable4 ,kn[+ :]e to look = ! animals helps2 ?is book & ! field guides are useful = ?is4 ,y'll f9d t "s species are se5 only 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! p>k1 :ile o!rs roam f> & wide4 ,don't look = ! crocodile 9 ! fre%-wat] glades--nor = ! r\nd-tail$ muskrat 9 ! mangroves4 ,on ! o!r h&1 don't be surpris$ to see ! raccoon or its tracks 9 almo/ any "p ( ! p>k4 ,keep 9 m9d t all species 9 ! national p>ks are protect$ by law4 ,mo/ wild animals are h>mless z long z !y are n mole/$4 ,if y enc\nt] an animal y ar5't sure ab\t1 simply keep out ( its way2 don't try to h>m x or drive x (f4 ,always rememb] t ea* animal is "p ( ! ,ev]glades community2 y _c di/urb x )\t affect+ ev]y?+ else4 ,air ,plants ,long be=e y h le>n$ to di/+ui% ! major plant communities1 y w be aw>e ( ! air plants--or epiphytes--t gr[ s pr(usely 9 ,ev]glades4 ,epiphytes are non-p>asitic plants t gr[ on o!r plants1 gett+ _! n\ri%m5t f ! air4 ,be/ kn[n is ,spani% moss1 :i* fe/oons ! trees ( ! coa/al ,s\? f ,virg9ia to ,texas2 ?is plant is us$ by ! swall[-tail$ kite 9 con/ruct+ its beautiful ne/4 ,despite its "n1 ,spani% moss is actually a memb] ( ! p9eapple family--! bromeliads4 ,bromeliads are ! mo/ conspicu\s ( ! p>k's air plants4 ,! epiphytic or*ids1 ?\gh less common1 are celebrat$ = _! beauty2 _! fame1 un=tunately1 has l$ to _! widespread de/ruction4 ,!re are also epiphytic f]ns1 trees1 & v9es2 & "o cactus1 ! mi/letoe cactus1 has tak5 to ! air4 ,air plants are highly specializ$ = mak+ a liv+ "u cr[d$ conditions2 !re are m ?an #b1jjj species ( plants compet+ = sun & wat] 9 s\!rn ,florida4 ,! epiphytes h adapt$ to ! problem ( space by gr[+ on o!r plants4 ,_! roots1 al?\gh !y absorb "s wat] & m9]als1 are prim>ily an*ors4 ,liv+ 9 an atmosph]e t fluctuates betwe5 dr\ght & humidity1 !y h evolv$ sev]al wat]-cons]v+ tricks4 ,"s h a r$uc$ numb] ( leaves2 o!rs h t\gh sk9s t resi/ loss ( wat] ?r\gh transpiration2 /ill o!rs h ?ick /ems1 call$ pseudobulbs1 t /ore moi/ure4 ,! bromeliads are p>ticul>ly +5i\s3 _m h leaves %ap$ 9 su* a way t !y hold ra9wat] 9 vaselike res]voirs at _! bases4 ,mosquitoes & tree frogs bre$ 9 ^! t9y res]voirs1 & 9 dry p]iods _m arboreal animals seek ! dew t collects "h4 ,mo/ ( ! or*ids & bromeliads gr[ 9 ! dimly lit tropical h>dwood hammocks & cypress sl\ghs4 ,a few species1 h[ev]1 hav+ adapt$ to ! sunlight1 live on dw>f mangroves & ! scatt]$ buttonwoods1 pond apples1 will[s1 & cocoplums ( ! glades4 ,! butt]fly & c[horn or*ids are sun lov]s1 z are ! twi/$1 b&$1 & /iff-leav$ bromeliads4 ,all h adapt$ to ! sun ) dew-cond5s+ me*anisms or vases at ! bottom ( ! clu/]$ leaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,bromeliads ,illu/ration3 ,,/iff-,,leav$ ,,wildp9e ,illu/ration3 ,,ne$le-,,leav$ ,,air ,,plant ,illu/ration3 ,,small ,,catopsis ,illu/ration3 ,,reflex$ ,,wildp9e ,illu/ration3 ,,twi/$ ,,air ,,plant ,illu/ration3 ,,s(t-,,leav$ ,,wildp9e ,illu/ration3 ,,spani% ,,moss ,illu/ration3 ,,b&$ ,,wildp9e ,illu/ration3 ,,ball-,,moss ,"o tree1 ! /rangl] fig1 />ts z an epiphytic se$l+ on ! bran*es ( o!r trees4 ,ev5tually1 h[ev]1 x drops long a]ial roots directly to ! gr\nd or entw9es !m ab\t ! trunk ( ! ho/ tree--:i* 9 "t dies1 leav+ a l>ge fig tree 9 its place4 ,( all ,ev]glades plants1 ! epiphytic or*ids are mo/ fasc9at+ to man--a fact :i* l>gely expla9s _! decl9e4 ,( "s #ej1jjj species ar\nd ! _w 7! or*ids be+ "o ( ! l>ge/ ( plant families71 ! p>k has only a few4 ,fire1 loss ( habitat due to agriculture & con/ruction1 & poa*+ by bo? comm]cial & amateur collectors h br\ght ab\t ! ext]m9ation ( "s & h made o!rs exce$+ly r>e4 ,"s are r>e because ( special life requirem5ts4 ,= example1 a few mu/ live 9 association ) a c]ta9 fungus t coats _! roots & provides specific nutri5ts4 ,! l>ge/ or*id 9 ! p>k is ! c[horn1 "s specim5s ( :i* weigh z mu* z #ge p\nds4 ,un=tunately1 ?is or*id has be5 a popul> item = or*id gr[]s & collectors & is becom+ r>e 9 ,florida4 ,poa*]s h practically elim9at$ x f ! p>k4 ,9 ! late #aifjs ,boy ,sc\t fri5ds ( ,ev]glades salvag$ _m or*ids f hammocks ab\t to be bulldoz$ = ! jetport4 ,by labori\sly ty+ !m to trees 9 ! p>k1 !y assur$ ! survival ( ! plants4 ,! night-bloom+ epid5drum is p]haps ! mo/ beautiful ( ! p>k's or*ids4 ,x is widespread & fairly common 9 ,ev]glades1 occurr+ 9 all ecosy/ems4 ,fl[]+ ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 x be>s its :ite1 spid]like blossoms1 #b in*es across1 "o at a "t4 ,x is especially fragrant at night--h5ce its "n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%[y ,,or*ids ,,( ,,! ,,hammocks ,,& ,,tree ,,isl&s ,illu/ration3 ,,br[n ,,epid5drum ,illu/ration3 ,,doll> ,,or*id ,illu/ration3 ,,night ,,bloom+ ,,epid5drum ,illu/ration3 ,,spread-,,eagle ,,or*id ,illu/ration3 ,,butt]fly ,,or*id ,illu/ration3 ,,florida ,,oncidium ,illu/ration3 ,,mule-,,e> ,,or*id ,illu/ration3 ,,oblong-,,leav$ ,,vanilla ,illu/ration3 ,,gho/ ,,or*id ,illu/ration3 ,,spid] ,,or*id ,illu/ration3 ,,clam%ell ,,or*id ,illu/ration3 ,,worm-,,v9e ,,or*id ,illu/ration3 ,,c[horn ,,or*id ,illu/ration3 ,,tr9idad ,,macrad5ia ,epiphytic or*ids h ! smalle/ se$s ( any fl[]+ plants4 ,du/like1 !y travel f> & wide on ! air2 x is believ$ t ov] eons all species ( ,florida or*ids arriv$ on ! w9d f ,s\? ,am]ica & ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! giant wildp9e is a spectacul> bromeliad t gr[s on ! /urdy limbs ( buttonwoods1 spread+ to #dh in*es & develop+ a fl[] /alk #f feet long4 ,( ! approximately #bj species ( epiphytic f]ns 9 ! p>k1 ! mo/ common is ! curi\s resurrection f]n4 ,sometimes call$ ! poor man's b>omet]1 x has leaves t 9 dry wea!r curl "u & turn br[n b ) ! com+ ( ra9 quickly unfold & turn bright gre51 mak+ in/ant g>d5s ( ! logs1 limbs1 & bran*es on :i* !y gr[4 ,wat* = ! air plants 7z well z ! trees & o!r wildfl[]s7 t h be5 label$ along ! trails & bo>dwalks4 ,y w be able to exam9e "s ( !m closely--b leave !m unh>m$ = future visitors6 ,mammals ,9 ! dr[n$ habitats ( ,ev]glades x is n surpris+ to f9d wat]-b\nd mammals su* z ! porpoise2 or fi%-eat+ amphibi\s mammals su* z ! ott]2 or ev5 l& mammals1 su* z ! raccoon1 t *>act]i/ically fe$ ^u aquatic life4 ,b to see mammals t "o ord9>ily does n associate ) wat] behav+ z ?\gh !y 7 born to x is ano!r matt]4 ,! :ite-tail$ de] is an example4 ,x is s mu* a "p ( ?is wat]y environm5t t y w mo/ likely obs]ve x f> out 9 ! glades1 fe$+ ^u aquatic plants or b\nd+ ov] ! m>%4 ,v probably ! de] y see 0 born on "o ( ! tree isl&s1 & has nev] be5 out ( sight ( ! sawgrass riv]4 ,_m o!r mammals ( ,ev]glades are adapt$ to a semi-aquatic exi/5ce4 ,! p>k's only repres5tative ( ! h>e-&-rabbit clan is ! m>% rabbit2 small] ?an its close relative1 ! famili> cottontail ( fields & woodl&s1 x is z com=table 9 ?is wet _w z if x _h webb$ feet4 ,s don't be />tl$ if y see a rabbit swimm+ "h6 ,! p>k's rod5ts include ! m>% rice rat & r\nd-tail$ muskrat1 also at home 9 a wat]y environm5t4 ,! playful ott]1 ?\gh x may travel long di/ances ov]l&1 is a fam\s wat]-lov]4 ,lucky is ! visitor :o sees a family ( ^! l>ge relatives ( ! weasel6 ,! ott]'s small] c\s91 ! ev]glades m9k1 is also a d5iz5 ( ! m>% & a pr$ator 9 ! food web2 b y are n likely to see ?is w>y animal4 ,raccoons & opossums1 adaptable creatures t !y are1 live 9 all ! p>k's environm5ts--except 9 ! air & "u wat]4 ,_! diets are z wide-rang+ z _! habitat4 ,! raccoon1 ?\gh x has a ta/e = aquatic animals su* z fi%1 frogs1 & crayfi%1 also consumes small l& v]tebrates & v>i\s plant foods4 ,! opossum eats virtually any?+ 9 ! animal k+dom t x c f9d & subdue1 z well z a wide v>iety ( plant mat]ials4 ,,"s ,,important ,,ev]glades ,,mammals ,,species ,,p9e ,,h>dwood ,,glades ,,mangrove ,,fre%- ,,florida ,,coa/al ,,rem>ks ,,rockl& ,,hammock ,,swamp ,,wat] ,,bay & ,,prairie ,,swamps ,,keys ,opossum ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,%ort-tail$ ,x ,%rew ,lea/ ,%rew ,x ,m>% ,rabbit ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,fox ,squirrel ,x 8 ,rice ,rat ,x ,x ,cotton ,m\se ,x ,x ,x ,x ,hispid ,cotton ,x ,rat ,florida ,wat] ,x ,x ,rat ,raccoon ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,abundant ,black ,be> 8 8 8 8 8 8 ,v r>e ,m9k ,x ,x ,riv] ,ott] ,x ,x ,gray ,fox #a,x ,bobcat ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,florida pan!r ,x ,x ,x ,x ,r>e ,:ite-tail$ ,x ,x ,x ,x ,x ,de] ,bottle-nos$ ,x ,dolph9 ,manatee #b,x ,x #a;,9 p9el&s4 #b;,e/u>ies4 ,s\? ,florida is ! la/ kn[n refuge 9 ! _w = a sub-species ( c\g> kn[n z ! ,florida pan!r4 ,?is l>ge1 beautiful cat is on ! endang]$ species li/4 ,today _m gr\ps & individuals are work+ to keep ?is pr$ator a "p ( ! environm5t4 ,_! ef=ts h result$ 9 me?ods to assi/ pan!r recov]y3 l[] spe$ limits & highway culv]ts & bridges1 to m5tion only two4 ,) cont9u$ assi/ance1 ! pan!r may rema9 a "p ( ! ,ev]glades = ye>s to come4 ,because x is mu* m num]\s & mu* less secretive 9 its habits1 ! bobcat is m likely to be enc\nt]$ by p>k visitors ?an is ! c\g>4 ,keep y\r eyes al]t = ?is wild fel9e--p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,flam+o area--& y may h a *ance to obs]ve x closely & at "s l5g? 7ev5 by daylight674 ,su* boldness & su* unconc]n = humans are n typical ( ?is species1 b seem to be peculi>ities ( ! bobcats liv+ 9 ! p>k4 ,al?\gh bobcats are n kn[n z wat] lov]s1 !y are f\nd 9 all ! ,ev]glades environm5ts4 ,_! app>5t lik+ = life 9 ! p>k may be due to an abundance ( food & to fre$om f p]secution by man & 8 dogs4 ,bobcats 9 ,ev]glades1 if _! food habits else:]e are any guide1 probably live on rod5ts1 m>% rabbits1 & birds1 ) possibly an occasional fawn4 ,9 ,florida ,bay & ! e/u>ies1 look = ! porpoise1 or bottl5os$ dolph91 a small memb] ( ! :ale ord] t has ende>$ itself to ,am]icans ?r\gh its antics at m>9e aqu>iums & on television4 ,wat* = x :5 y are on a boat trip 9 ! p>k's m>9e environm5t4 ,mu* less commonly se51 & mu* less famili>1 is ! timid & v r>e manatee4 ,x's probably ! 8mo/0 animal ( ! p>k--! l>ge/ 7sometimes ov] #ae feet long & weigh+ ne>ly #a ton71 ! %ye/1 ! /range/1 & ! homelie/2 & x is probably also ! mo/ delicate1 = a drop 9 wat] temp]atures may kill x4 ,! e/u>ies ( ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k are almo/ ! nor!rn limits ( its normal range4 ,b manatees are (t5 f\nd well nor? ( ! p>k on bo? coa/s 9 cold wea!r1 :5 !y swim up riv]s to seek ! con/ant-temp]ature wat] dis*>g$ by electric p[] plants4 ,despite its size1 ! manatee is a h>mless creature1 be+ a graz]--a sort ( und]wat] c[ t is exceptionally vuln]able to motorboats because ( its g5tle nature & languid movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,manatee ,birds ,illu/ration3 ,,long-,,legg$ ,,wad+ ,,birds ,,( ,,! ,,glades1 ,,fre%-,,wat] ,,swamps1 ,,mangrove ,,swamps1 ,,& ,,florida ,,bay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black-,,cr[n$ ,,night ,,h]on ,illu/ration3 ,,l\isiana ,,h]on ,,gre5 ,,h]on ,,yell[-,,cr[n$ ,,night ,,h]on ,f ! pelican--^: m\? c hold m ?an its belly c--to ! t9y humm+bird1 ! birds ( ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k add beauty1 amusem5t1 excitem5t1 & drama to ! daily sc5e4 ,mu* m conspicu\s ?an ! p>k's o!r animals1 !y c be enjoy$ ) no special ef=t4 ,b a pair ( b9ocul>s & a field guide w make bird wat*+ a m rew>d+ pa/ime = y4 ,_m ( ! p>k's birds are l>ge & colorful1 & s tol]ant ( man's pres5ce t y c obs]ve !m closely )\t ! aid ( b9ocul>s4 ,! ,anh+a ,trail & o!r sites on or ne> ! ma9 p>k road provide ready access to activity by h]ons & egrets1 cormorants1 gall9ules1 & o!r species t fe$ ^u ! fi%1 frogs1 & less] life ( ! wat]s4 ,! anh+a1 aft] :om ! p>k's mo/ popul> trail is nam$1 is a favorite ) visitors4 ,x is also call$ wat]-turkey1 probably because ( its l>ge size & long1 :ite-tipp$ tail fea!rs4 ,a ?ird "n1 snake bird1 d]ives f ! anh+a's habit ( swimm+ almo/ totally subm]g$ ) its long1 snaky neck above ! surface4 ,! anh+a is a skill$ fi%]man1 seek+ out its qu>ry by swimm+ und]wat]4 ,x spe>s a fi% ) its beak1 surfaces1 tosses ! fi% into ! air1 cat*es x1 & gulps x d[n head fir/4 ,dur+ ?is activity1 ! anh+a has gott5 soak$ to ! sk91 =1 unlike ducks & _m o!r wat] birds1 x is n well suppli$ ) oil to keep its plumage dry4 ,s1 foll[+ a plunge1 ! anh+a /ruggles to ! bran* ( a %rub or tree1 &1 spread+ its w+s1 hangs its fea!rs out to dry4 ,! snail kite1 "o ( ,am]ica's r>e/ birds1 flies l[ ov] ! fre%-wat] m>%es1 its head po9t$ d[nw>d1 se>*+ = its sole food--! ,pomacea snail4 ,a %>ply hook$ beak enables x to remove ! snail f its %ell4 ,m /rik+ 9 appe>ance is its c\s91 ! swall[-tail$ kite1 a]ial acrobat ( ! hawk family--a migrant t ne/s 9 ! p>k 9 spr+ & sp5ds ! w9t] 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,on long1 po9t$ w+s ?is h&some bird eats 9 ! air :ile hold+ itself 9 "o place on ! w9d4 ,9 ! mangroves1 x hunts 9 an unusual way3 skimm+ ov] ! trees1 x snat*es liz>ds & o!r small animals f ! topmo/ bran*es4 ,r$-%\ld]$ hawks1 (t5 se5 p]*+ on ! treetops beside ! p>k road1 fe$ ^u snakes & o!r small animals4 ,! fi%-eat+ osprey is ano!r conspicu\s resid5t ( ! p>k1 & its bulky ne/s w be se5 :5 y take a boat trip into ,florida ,bay or ! mangrove wild]ness4 ,! bald eagle1 :i*1 sadly1 is no long] common 9 ,nor? ,am]ica & may soon be ext]m9at$ because ( pe/icide pollution ( its fi%+ wat]s1 is /ill hold+ out 9 ! ,ev]glades region1 :]e #ej or s bre$+ pairs seem to be reproduc+ successfully4 ,illu/ration3 ,,little ,,blue ,,h]on immature adult ,illu/ration3 ,,great ,,blue ,,h]on ,illu/ration3 ,,r$di% ,,egret ,,:ite ,,phase ,illu/ration3 ,,wood ,,/ork ,,glossy ,,ibis ,,:ite ,,ibis ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican 7,,common7 ,,egret ,,sn[y ,,egret ,illu/ration3 ,,limpk9 ,,am]ican ,,bitt]n ,,roseate ,,spoonbill ,! long-legg$ wad+ birds ( ! h]on family are s num]\s & s mu* alike 9 appe>ance t y w ne$ y\r bird guide = sure id5tification4 ,! wad]s are int]e/+ to wat*1 because ( ! v>iety ( fe$+ me?ods4 ,p>ticul>ly amus+ are ! antics ( ! r$di% egret z x hunts small animals 9 ! %all[s ( ,florida ,bay at l[ tide4 ,x is mu* unlike o!r h]ons 9 its mann] ( hunt+3 x lur*es ?r\gh ! %all[s1 da%+ to left & "r z if drunk1 9 pursuit ( its prey4 ,?is cl[ni% survivor ( ! old plume-hunt+ days exi/s 9 ,florida 9 v limit$ numb]s4 ,s9ce ab\t #cjj species ( birds h be5 record$ 9 ! p>k1 ?is sampl+ b>ely sugge/s ! pleasures await+ y if y plan to sp5d "s "t play+ ! ,ev]glades bird-wat*+ game4 ,reptiles & ,amphibians ,ev]glades' mo/ fam\s citiz5--! alligator--is look$ = by all visitors to ! p>k1 :o may1 h[ev]1 be unaw>e t _m o!r k9ds ( reptiles & a doz5 species ( amphibians dwell "h4 ,! ,am]ican crocodile1 less common ?an ! alligator & re/rict$ to ! ,florida ,bay region1 is a %y & secretive animal se5 by few visitors4 ,simil> 9 size & appe>ance to ! alligator1 x is di/+ui%$ by a n>r[] sn\t & a light] color4 ,its habitat ov]laps t ( ! alligator1 :i* pref]s fre% or bracki% wat]4 ,! turtles ( ! p>k include t]re/rial1 fre%-wat]1 & m>9e species4 ,box turtles are (t5 se5 along ! roads4 ,! s(t%ell & snapp+ turtles live 9 ! fre%-wat] areas & are (t5 eat5 by alligators4 ,logg]head turtles ne/ on ,cape ,sable bea*es1 o!rwise !y r>ely come a%ore4 ,_! eggs are (t5 discov]$ & dev\r$ by ! abundant raccoons4 ,b man has be5 l>gely responsible = ! logg]head's increas+ r>ity4 ,al?\gh ! p>k has ab\t two doz5 species ( snakes1 y may n enc\nt] any ( !m4 ,mo/ are h>mless--sev]al species ( snakes frequ5t ! wat]ways1 & x is a mi/ake to assume t any wat] snake y see is a moccas94 ,two wor? wat*+ = are ! ev]glades rat snake & ! indigo snake1 bo? h&some & entirely h>mless to man4 ,! =m] is a con/rictor1 fe$+ mo/ly on rod5ts4 ,! indigo is "o ( our longe/ snakes--sometimes rea*+ m ?an #ajj in*es--& n[ 9 dang] ( ext9ction4 ,ord9>y caution & al]tness :5 walk+ on trails is advisable2 b keep 9 m9d t ! snakes are n aggressive1 & t z "p ( ! web ( life 9 ! p>k !y are giv5 protection j z are birds & mammals4 ,( ^? close relatives ( snakes1 ! liz>ds1 ! ,florida anole is mo/ commonly se54 ,?is is ! little reptile sold at circuses z a 8*ameleon02 x is q unlike ! true *ameleon ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,! s-call$ 8glass snake0--:i* got its "n f its def5sive maneuv] ( dropp+ (f its tail 7:i* is long] ?an ! re/ ( its body7 & f its snakelike appe>ance--is actually a legless liz>d4 ,! liz>ds1 l ! small] snakes1 are prim>ily insectivor\s4 ,! p>k's amphibians1 too1 are q inconspicu\s4 ,! voices ( frogs & toads dur+ ! bre$+ season1 h[ev]1 are "p ( ! ,ev]glades atmosph]e4 ,y w enjoy ! nocturnal s]5ade at egg-lay+ "t--& x is q possible to le>n to id5tify species by _! songs1 :i* are z di/9ctive z ^? ( birds4 ,! gre5 treefrog1 ) its bell-l1 repeat$ 8que5k-que5k-que5k0 call1 is abundant1 & c be se5 & he>d easily dur+ ! bre$+ season1 p>ticul>ly at ,royal ,palm ,hammock & on ! ,anh+a ,trail4 ,! cold-blood$ v]tebrates1 includ+ fi%1 amphibians1 & reptiles1 play a significant role 9 ! balance ( life 9 ! p>k1 fe$+ ^u ea* o!r & ^u less] animals & 9 turn be+ food = l>g] pr$ators su* z h]ons1 hawks1 raccoons1 & ott]s4 ,fi%es 8,fi%+ ,res]v$ = ! ,birds10 says ! sign at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,anh+a ,trail4 ,actually1 ! cat*+ ( fi% 9 ! fre% wat]s ( ! p>k is an important activity n only = h]ons1 anh+as1 grebes1 & ospreys1 b also = raccoons1 m9k1 turtles1 alligators 444 & bigg] fi%4 ,n surpris+ly 9 ! dr[n$ habitats ( ,ev]glades1 ev5 ! smalle/ fi% are important 9 ! web ( life4 ,"o t9y species1 ! gambusia1 is ( special int]e/ to u4 ,?is #b-;in* fi% is cr$it$ ) help+ keep d[n ! numb]s ( mosquitoes by fe$+ ^u _! aquatic l>vae4 ,?is acc\nts = its o!r "n--mosquito fi%--& = its popul>ity ) humans4 ,b its s]vices to u are n ! measure ( ! gambusia's importance1 = x is a l9k 9 _m food *a9s 9 ! p>k's bracki% & fre%-wat] habitats4 ,beg9n+ ) algae1 we c trace "o su* *a9 ?r\gh mosquito l>vae1 sunfi%1 & bass1 to end ) ! alligator4 ,we c only guess at ! ext5t ( ! ecological effects ( ! loss ( a s+le species su* z ! little gambusia4 ,! l>g] fi% ( ,ev]glades are ! mo/ s\ght aft]4 ,sport fi%]m5 want to "k :]e to f9d & h[ to recognize ! _m v>ieties ( game fi%1 especially l>gem\? bass & su* fam$ salt-wat] & bracki% zone species z t>pon1 snook1 mangrove snapp]1 & b>racuda4 ,because ( its cycles ( flood & dr\ght1 & ! %ift+ bracki% zones1 h[ev]1 ! di/ribution & ! numb]s ( fi% fluctuate greatly 9 ! glades & mangrove regions4 ,at times ( dr\ght1 ! fi% conc5trations are p>ticul>ly evid5t4 ,9 mid- or late w9t]1 sl\ghs t are no long] deep en\gh to fl[1 pools1 & o!r /&+ bodies ( wat] w h a myriad ( gambusia1 killifi%1 & m9n[s4 ,l>g] fi% seek ! sanctu>y ( ! headwat]s ( ! ,h>ney1 ,%>k1 & ,broad ,riv]s4 ,at su* times conc5trations ( bass may be s great t ! angl] may cat* 8 daily limit 9 a few h\rs4 7,!re are no legal limits = ! h]ons & 'gators67 ,z wat] levels cont9ue to fall1 salt wat] intrudes f>!r inl&2 su* species z snook & t>pon move up ! n[ bracki% riv]s1 & may be se5 9 ! same wat]s z bluegills & l>gem\? bass4 ,9 "s ye>s wat] levels drop s sev]ely t conc5trations ( fi% are too great = ! habitat to support4 ,z ! surface wat] %r9ks1 ! fi% use up ! available free oxyg5 & beg9 to die4 ,! l>ge/ expire fir/2 ! small] fi% seem less vuln]able to deplet$ oxyg5 supply4 ,ev5 ?\gh _m tons ( fi% may p]i% 9 su* a die-(f1 a few small specim5s ( ea* v>iety survive to re/ock ! glades :5 ! ra9s return4 ,) no cold season :5 fi% mu/ rema9 dormant1 & ) a ye>-r\nd food supply1 bass & sunfi% gr[ rapidly & rea* bre$+ size be=e ! next dr\ght4 ,^! fi% kills are associat$ ) dr\ght conditions t occur 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts1 & ?us are natural ph5om5a n to be consid]$ ecological disa/]s4 ,b man's viol5t upsett+ ( ! dra9age patt]ns ( s\? ,florida1 ?r\gh airport1 canal1 & highway con/ruction & o!r developm5ts1 c br+ ab\t su* dra/ic %ortages 7or ev5 surpluses7 ( wat] t irrep>able damage c\ld be done to ! ecology ( ,ev]glades aquatic communities4 ,:ile fi% wat*+ may n be ! excit+ sport t bird wat*+ is1 y are ! los] if y ignore ?is "p ( ! life ( ,ev]glades4 ,fi% are s abundant 9 ! p>k t no "o has to haul !m 9 on a l9e to discov] !m4 ,y c h>dly miss spott+ ! l>g] fre%-wat] =ms if y take ! tr\ble to look d[n into ! sl\ghs1 ponds1 & alligator holes4 ,id5tify+ ! species ( fi%1 h[ev]1 is m difficult4 ,! voraci\s-look+ ,florida spott$ g> is an exception4 ,?is important pr$ator on small] fi%es1 :i* is 9 turn a major item 9 ! diet ( ! alligator1 is q easily recogniz$4 ,exp]i5c$ angl]s w spot ! l>gem\!d bass & ! bluegill sunfi%4 ,y'll see ^! & o!rs z y walk on ! ,anh+a ,trail bo>dwalk4 ,z y wat* alligators & o!r native ,ev]glades pr$ators1 y may get an inkl+ ( h[ important 9 ! web ( life are ! prolific fi% populations ( ! sl\ghs1 m>%es1 swamps1 & (f%ore wat]s ( ! p>k4 ,animals )\t ,backbones ,insects are ! mo/ noticeable ( ! p>k's inv]tebrates4 7,at times y may f9d y\r c ( repell5t z important z y\r %oes67 ,9 all ! fre%-wat] & bracki% environm5ts1 insects & _! l>vae are important l9ks 9 ! food *a9s--at ! beg9n+ z prim>y consum]s ( algae & o!r plant mat]ial1 & f>!r along z pr$ators1 mo/ly on o!r insects4 ,"s insects are p>asites on ! p>k's w>mblood$ animals 7includ+ y74 ,! inv]tebrates mo/ s\ght by visitors are molluscs--or r1 _! %ells4 ,y may f9d a few on ! bea* at ,cape ,sable1 b don't expect to f9d ! p>k a productive %ell+ area4 ,/ick to m>9e %ells--dead ones4 ,y _c collect ! fre%-wat] molluscs4 ,also protect$ are ! tree snails ( jungle hammocks4 ,fam$ = _! beauty1 ^! snails ( ! g5us ,liguus1 :i* gr[ to z mu* z #b in*es 9 diamet]1 fe$ ^u ! li*5s gr[+ on c]ta9 hammock trees4 ,look = !m--b leave !m undi/urb$1 = !y are a "p ( ! community1 protect$ j z are ! p>k's royal palms & its alligators4 ,illu/ration3 ,,indians ,,9 ,,s\? ,,florida ,,big ,,cypress ,,indian ,,res]vation ,,florida ,,/ate ,,sem9ole ,,indian ,,res]vation ,,dania ,,indian ,,res]vation ,,scatt]$ ,,m\nds ,,?r\gh\t ,,%>k ,,valley ,,russell ,,key ,,turn] ,,riv] ,,lopez ,,riv] ,,h\/on ,,riv] ,,mormon ,,key ,,goph] ,,key ,,johnson ,,m\nd ,,f>m ,,creek ,,m\nd ,,ev]glades ,,national ,,p>k ,,monroe ,,lake ,,ea/ ,,cape ,,m\nds ,,gulf ,,( ,,mexico ,,florida ,,bay ,,atlantic ,,ocean ,indian ,m\nds ,indian ,villages ,big ,cypress ,swamp ,mangrove ,swamp ,p9e ,rockl& ,coa/al ,prairie ,ev]glades ,,indians ,,( ,,! ,,ev]glades ,y\r fir/ aw>5ess ( ! s\? ,florida ,indians w probably come dur+ a trip along ! ,tamiami ,trail 7,u4,s4 #da1 ! cross-,/ate highway j nor? ( ! p>k74 ,y w notice clu/]s ( ,indian homes close to ! road4 ,"s are built on /ilts1 are ?at*$ ) palm fronds1 & are op5-sid$ s t no walls hamp] ! fl[ ( cool+ breezes4 ,_m ( ! glades ,indians pref] to live z _! ance/ors did "s #aej ye>s ago :5 !y 7 newcom]s to ! ev]glades4 ,o!rs h adopt$ ! :ite man's dwell+s 7z well z 8 occupations74 ,! ,indians ( s\? ,florida--,miccosukees1 sometimes call$ 8,trail ,indians02 & ,muskogees1 ! 8,c[ ,creek ,sem9oles0--are sep>ate tribes1 n %>+ a common language4 ,today no ,indians live inside ! p>k b\nd>ies4 ,! ,indians arriv$ 9 ,spani% ,florida aft] ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,_m ,creeks ( ,georgia & ,alabama1 cr[d$ by ! aggressive :ite man1 fl$ s\? to ! p59sula4 ,!y fir/ settl$ 9 nor? ,florida2 :5 ,florida became a ,/ate 9 #ahde !y _h to retreat f>!r s\?4 ,driv5 into ! int]ior dur+ ! ,sem9ole ,w> ( #ahce1 !y ev5tually settl$ 9 ! ev]glades1 :]e de]1 fi%1 & fruit 7 available4 ,?\gh _! t]ritory is n[ mu* m limit$1 !y /ill reta9 mu* ( _! indep5d5t _s1 & h nev] sign$ a peace treaty ) ! ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t4 ,_m e>n _! liv+ op]at+ air boats1 z proprietors & employees ( roadside bus9esses1 & 9 a v>iety ( jobs on f>ms & 9 cities4 ,! wom5 create di/9ctive h&icraft items1 :i* f9d a ready m>ket ) t\ri/s4 ,no "o is c]ta9 :5 ! fir/ ,indians--! ,calusas & ,teque/as--appe>$ 9 s\? ,florida2 x may h be5 m ?an #b1jjj ye>s ago4 ,ev5 m ?an today's glades ,indians1 ^! coa/al ,indians liv$ ) ! rhy?m ( riv] & tides1 ra9 & dr\ght4 ,hunt+1 fi%+1 & ga!r+ ( %ellfi% 7 _! means ( exi/5ce4 ,we h le>n$ ?is mu* ( _! life f artifacts une>!d f ! _m ,indian m\nds or wa%$ up along ! bea*es4 ,!y liv$ on huge %ell m\nds1 made pott]y1 us$ %>ks' tee? to make saws1 & fa%ion$ o!r tools f con* %ells4 ,!y ev5 built imp\ndm5ts = fi%--a few rema9s ( ^! c be se5 today4 ,!y 7 +5i\s hunt]s4 7,ponce de ,len & 8 ,spani% explor]-m>aud]s 7 said to h be5 turn$ back f ! ev]glades by ! deadly arr[s ^! ,indians fa%ion$ f ru%es47 ,illu/ration3 ,foll[+ ! arrival ( ! ,spani%1 ^! e>ly ,indians disappe>$ f ! sc5e4 ,!y 7 app>5tly wip$ out1 de/roy$ by ! :ite man's diseases z mu* z by 8 aggression2 b "s may h escap$ to ,cuba4 ,p]haps a h&ful ( !m 7 /ill 9 ! ev]glades :5 ! ,creeks came d[n f ! nor? 9 #ahce1 & 7 absorb$ into ! new tribe4 ,_! kn[n hi/ory ends "h4 ,pr\d1 indep5d5t1 & +5i\s 9 wre/+ a liv+ f ! l& & ! wat]1 ! ,indians knew h[ to live ) nature4 ,unlike ! :ite man1 !y fitt$ into ! plant-&-animal communities4 ,today ^! communities h be5 sev]ely disrupt$4 ,9 ! few decades t ! :ite man has be5 8develop+0 ! region1 he has brok5 e *a9 ( life describ$ 9 ?is book4 ,alligator populations h be5 mu* r$uc$ 9 s\? ,florida2 _! *ief prey1 ! g>fi%1 has 9 "s places become s num]\s z to con/itute a nuisance 7mo/ ( all to ! fre%-wat] angl]s1 "s ( :om _h a h& 9 ! kill+ ( alligators74 ,! patt]n ( wat]fl[ ov] ! glades1 ?r\gh ! cypress swamps1 & into ! mangrove wild]ness has be5 alt]$ by highways & canals4 ,mu* ( ! habitat has be5 wip$ out by con/ruction ( homes & factories & by f>m+ op]ations4 ,an increas+ly al>m+ developm5t is ! pollution ( glades wat]s by agricultural *emicals4 ,only ?r\gh complete und]/&+ ( ?is fragile1 unique subtropical _w c man rev]se ! de/ructive tr5d4 ,only ?r\gh c>efully appli$ protective & managem5t practices c we make progress t[>d re/or+ to ! ,ev]glades "s ( its lo/ spl5dor4 ,app5dix ,illu/ration3 ,tropical ?icket ,gloss>y ,,algae3 7pron\nc$ 8,,al-jee07 ,a gr\p ( plants 7s+ul>3 ,,alga1 pron\nc$ 8,,al-ga071 "o-cell$ or _m-cell$1 hav+ *lorophyll1 )\t roots1 & liv+ 9 damp places or 9 wat]4 ,,bracki% ,,wat]3 ,mix$ fre% & salt wat]4 ,_m species ( plants & animals ( m>9e & fre%-wat] habitats are adapt$ to life 9 e/u>ies & coa/al swamps & m>%es1 :]e ! wat] v>ies greatly 9 degree ( sal9ity4 ,"s animal species c be f\nd 9 all ?ree habitats4 ,,bromeliad3 ,a plant ( ! p9eapple family4 ,_m bromeliads are air plants1 gr[+ 7n p>asitically7 on ! trunks & bran*es ( o!r plants1 or ev51 z 9 ! case ( 8,spani% moss10 on telephone wires4 ,,community3 ,! liv+ "p ( ! ecosy/em2 an assemblage ( plants & animals liv+ 9 a p>ticul> area or physical habitat4 ,x c be z small z a decay+ log1 ) its v>iety ( mosses1 insect l>vae1 burr[+ beetles1 ants1 etc42 or z l>ge z a =e/ ( hundr$s ( squ>e miles4 ,,decidu\s ,,trees3 ,trees t %$ _! leaves annually4 ,mo/ h>dwood trees are decidu\s2 "s conif]s1 su* z l>*es & baldcypresses1 are decidu\s4 ,,ecology3 ,! /udy ( ! relation%ip ( liv+ ?+s to "o ano!r & to _! physical environm5t4 ,,endang]$3 ,a species ( plant or animal t1 ?r\gh\t all or a significant portion ( its range1 is 9 dang] ( ext9ction4 ,,environm5t3 ,all ! ext]nal conditions1 su* z soil1 wat]1 air1 & organisms1 surr\nd+ a liv+ ?+4 ,,e/ivation3 ,a prolong$ dormant or sleeplike /ate t enables an animal to survive ! summ] 9 a hot climate4 ,z 9 hib]nation1 brea?+ & he>tbeat sl[ d[n1 & ! animal nei!r eats nor dr9ks4 ,,e/u>y3 ,! portion ( a riv] or coa/al wetl& affect$ by ! rise & fall ( ! tide1 conta9+ a grad$ mixture ( fre% & salt wat]4 ,,ev]glade3 ,a tract ( m>%y l& cov]$ 9 places ) tall grasses4 7,9 ?is book1 8! ev]glades0 ref]s to ! riv] ( grass2 8,ev]glades0 ref]s to ! p>k1 :i* conta9s o!r habitats besides ev]glades47 ,,exotic3 ,a =eign plant or animal t has be5 introduc$1 int5tionally or un9t5tionally1 into a new area4 ,,food ,,*a93 ,a s]ies ( plants & animals l9k$ by _! food relation%ips1 beg9n+ ) a gre5 plant & end+ ) a pr$ator4 ,,habitat3 ,! place :]e an organism lives2 ! imm$iate surr\nd+s1 liv+ & unliv+1 ( an organism4 ,! habitat ( ! p9e w>bl] is ! p9el&s2 ! habitat ( an int]nal p>asite ( ?is bird is ! body ( ! w>bl]4 ,,hammock3 ,a d5se gr[? ( broad-leav$ trees on a slightly elevat$ area1 n wet en\gh to be a swamp4 ,9 ! p>k1 hammocks are surr\nd$ ei!r by p9el& or by m>%l& 7glades74 ,,h>dwood ,,trees3 ,trees ) broad leaves 7z oppos$ to conebe>+ trees1 :i* h ne$les or scales74 ,mo/ h>dwood trees are decidu\s1 ?\gh _m 9 s\? ,florida reta9 _! leaves ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,,key3 ,a reef or l[-ly+ isl&4 ,9 s\? ,florida1 ! t]m 8key0 is (t5 also appli$ to hammocks or p9el&s1 :i* occupy areas :]e ! lime/one is rais$ above ! surr\nd+ wetl&s4 ,,lime/one3 ,a s$im5t>y rock d]iv$ f ! %ells & skeletons ( animals deposit$ 9 seas1 & consi/+ mo/ly ( calcium c>bonate4 ,soluble 9 wat] hav+ a slight degree ( acidity1 x is (t5 *>act]iz$ by cav]ns &1 9 ! ev]glades1 by a v pitt$ surface4 ,! rock und]ly+ mo/ ( ! p>k is ! ,miami ,olite 7pron\nc$ ,,oh-uh-lite71 =m$ dur+ a rec5t glacial p]iod4 ,olitic lime/one is compos$ ( t9y r\nd concretions1 only indirectly d]iv$ f m>9e %ells4 ,,mangrove3 ,any ( a gr\p ( tropical or subtropical trees1 gr[+ 9 e/u>ies & o!r l[-ly+ coa/al areas1 usually produc+ a]ial roots or prop roots & (t5 =m+ d5se gr[?s ov] a l>ge area4 ,9 s\? ,florida !re are f\r species1 belong+ to ?ree diff]5t families4 ,,m>%3 ,a wetl&1 salt or fre%1 :]e few if any trees & %rubs gr[1 *>act]iz$ by grasses & s$ges2 9 fre%-wat] m>%es1 cattails are common4 ,,m>l3 ,9 ?is book1 us$ 9 ! s5se ( a deposit ( mix$ lime/one & small] am\nts ( clay2 s\? ,florida m>ls are sometimes call$ lime muds4 ,,peat3 ,p>tly decay$1 moi/ure-absorb+ plant matt] accumulat$ 9 bogs1 swamps1 etc4 ,,pr$ator3 ,an animal t lives by captur+ o!r animals = food4 ,,sl\gh3 ,a *annel ( sl[-mov+ wat] 9 coa/al m>%l&4 ,! ,%>k ,riv] ,sl\gh & ,taylor ,sl\gh are ! ma9 *annels :]e ! glades wat] fl[s 9 ! p>k4 ,g5]ally rema9+ z res]voirs ( wat] :5 ! glades dry 9 ! ra9less season1 !y are important to survival ( aquatic animals4 ,,swamp3 ,wetl& *>act]iz$ by %rubs or trees su* z maples1 gums1 baldcypresses1 &1 9 s\? ,florida coa/ areas1 mangroves4 ,fre%-wat] swamps are usually n cov]$ by wat] ! ye> ar\nd4 ,,?reat5$3 ,a species /ill pres5t 9 its range b t1 )\t significant *anges 9 conditions1 is capable ( becom+ endang]$4 ,,tree ,,isl&3 ,an isl& ( trees1 %rubs1 & h]bace\s plants gr[+ on an elevation1 9 a depression1 or at ! same level z ! surr\nd+ glades4 ,includes hammocks1 will[ heads1 cypress heads1 & bayheads4 ,= ,read+ & ,ref]5ce ,a%ton1 ,ray ,jr41 & ,patricia ,sawy] ,a%ton4 ,h&book ( ,reptiles & ,amphibians ( ,florida4 ,vol4 #a1 ,! ,snakes2 ,vol4 #b1 ,liz>ds1 ,turtles & ,crocodilians2 ,vol4 #c1 ,! ,amphibians4 ,miami3 ,w9dw>d ,publi%+1 ,inc41 #aiha-hh4 ,bell1 ,c4 ,rit*ie1 & ,bryan ,j4 ,taylor4 ,florida ,wildfl[]s & ,roadside ,plants4 ,*apel ,hill3 ,laurel ,hill ,press1 #aihb4 ,cox1 ,w4 ,eug5e4 ,9 ,pictures--,ev]glades3 ,! ,cont9u+ ,/ory4 ,las ,vegas3 ,k4 ,c4 ,publications1 #aihi4 ,craighead1 ,frank ,c4 ,! ,role ( ! ,alligator 9 ,%ap+ ,plant ,communities & ,ma9ta9+ ,wildlife 9 ! ,s\!rn ,ev]glades4 ,maitl&3 ,florida ,audubon ,society1 #aifi4 de ,golia1 ,jack4 ,ev]glades3 ,! ,/ory ,beh9d ! ,sc5]y4 ,las ,vegas3 ,k4,c4 ,publications1 #aiha4 ,d\glas1 ,m>jory ,/oneman4 ,ev]glades3 ,riv] ( ,grass4 ,/4 ,simons ,isl&1 ,georgia3 ,mock+bird ,books1 #aigd4 ,d[ns1 ,doro?y4 ,miccosukee ,arts & ,crafts4 ,miami3 ,miccosukee ,tribe ( ,indians ( ,florida1 #aihb4 ,h(fmei/]1 ,john ,edw>d4 ,l& ,f ,sea3 ,! ,geologic ,/ory ( ,s\? ,florida4 ,coral ,gables3 ,univ]sity ( ,miami ,press1 #aifh4 ,lane1 ,james ,a4 ,a ,bird]'s ,guide to ,florida4 ,d5v]3 ,l,p ,press1 #aihi4 ,pet]son1 ,rog] ,tory4 ,a ,field ,guide to ! ,birds ,ea/ ( ! ,rockies4 ,bo/on3 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company1 #aihj4 ,rob]tson1 ,william ,b4 ,ev]glades3 ,! ,p>k ,/ory4 ,home/ead1 ,florida3 ,florida ,national ,p>ks & ,monum5ts ,association1 ,inc41 #aihi4 ,roma%ko1 ,s&ra4 ,! ,%ell ,book4 ,miami3 ,w9dw>d ,publi%+1 ,inc41 #aihd4 ,/ev5son1 ,george ,b4 ,trees ( ! ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k & ! ,florida ,keys4 ,miami3 ,banyan ,books1 ,inc41 #aihd4 ,tebeau1 ,*>lton ,e4 ,man 9 ! ,ev]glades4 ,coral ,gables3 ,univ]sity ( ,miami ,press1 #aifh4 ,toops1 ,connie ,m4 ,! ,alligator3 ,mon>* ( ! ,m>%4 ,home/ead1 ,florida3 ,florida ,national ,p>ks & ,monum5ts ,association1 ,inc41 #aihh4 ,toops1 ,connie4 ,ev]glades4 ,/illwat]1 ,m9nesota3 ,voyageur ,press1 #aihi4 ,truesdell1 ,william ,g4 ,a ,guide to ! ,wild]ness ,wat]way ( ! ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k4 ,coral ,gables3 ,univ]sity ( ,miami ,press1 #aihe4 ,u4,s4 ,fi% & ,wildlife ,s]vice4 ,r>e & ,endang]$ ,fi% & ,wildlife ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,wa%+ton3 ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 #aifd4 ,williams1 ,w9/on4 ,florida's ,fabul\s ,wat]birds3 ,_! ,/ories4 ,tampa3 ,worldwide ,pr9t+1 #aihd4 ,zim1 ,h]b]t ,s4 ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k & ! ,ne>by ,florida ,keys4 ,new ,york3 ,gold5 ,press1 #aihe4 ,r>e & ,endang]$ ,animals ,"h is a p>tial li/ ( ! r>e & endang]$ species & subspecies f\nd 9 ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k & ,=t ,jeff]son ,national ,monum5t4 ,mammals ,florida ,pan!r 7,c\g>7 ,we/ ,indian ,manatee 7,sea ,c[7 ,birds ,snail ,kite ,s\!rn ,bald ,eagle ,arctic ,p]egr9e ,falcon ,cape ,sable ,sp>r[ ,wood ,/ork ,r$-cockad$ ,woodpeck] ,reptiles & ,amphibians ,gre5 ,turtle ,ea/]n ,indigo ,snake ,hawksbill ,turtle ,logg]head ,turtle ,am]ican ,crocodile ,*eckli/ ( ,mammals ,m ?an #dj species ( mammals are f\nd 9 ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k4 ,_m ( !m are species commonly associat$ ) dri] habitats t h adapt$ to ! semi-aquatic environm5t t comprises mo/ ( ! p>k4 ,x is n uncommon to see :itetail de] wad+ ?r\gh ! sawgrass prairie or a bobcat =ag+ = food 9 a mangrove swamp4 ,?is li/ is made up ( species f\nd )9 ! b\nd>y ( ! p>k or 9 ! imm$iate area4 ,species consid]$ exotic to ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k are m>k$ ) an a/]isk 79974 ,opossum ,didelphis m>supialis ,%ort-tail$ %rew ,bl>9a brevicauda ,lea/ %rew ,cryptotis p>va ,ea/]n mole ,scalopus aquaticus ,sem9ole bat ,lasiurus sem9olus ,florida yell[ bat ,lasiurus int]m$ius ,ev5+ bat ,nycticeius hym]alis ,brazilian free-tail$ bat ,tad>ida brasili5sis ,florida ma/iff bat ,eumops glauc9us ,n9e-b&$ armadillo ,dasypus novemc9ctus99 ,m>% rabbit ,sylvilagus palu/ris ,ea/]n cottontail ,sylvilagus floridanus ,gray squirrel ,sciurus c>ol95sis ,fox squirrel ,sciurus nig] ,s\!rn fly+ squirrel ,glaucomys volans ,rice rat ,oryzomys palu/ris ,cotton m\se ,p]omyscus gossyp9us ,cotton rat ,sigmodon hispisus ,r\ndtail muskrat ,ne(ib] all5i ,ro( rat ,rattus rattus99 ,norway rat ,rattus norvegicus ,h\se m\se ,mus musculus99 ,atlantic bottl5os$ dolph9 ,tursiops truncatus ,%ort-f9n$1 or ,pilot1 :ale ,globicephala m>corhyn*a ,gray fox ,urocyon c9]o>g5teus ,r$ fox ,vulpes vulpes99 ,dome/ic dog ,canis famili>is99 ,black be> ,ursus am]icanus ,raccoon ,procyon lotor ,coati ,nasua n>ica99 ,ev]glades m9k ,mu/ela vison ,long-tail$ weasel ,mu/ela fr5ata ,ea/]n spott$ skunk ,spirogale putorius ,/rip$ skunk ,mephitis mephitis ,riv] ott] ,lutra canad5sis ,florida pan!r ,felis concolor coryi ,bobcat ,lynx rufus ,dome/ic cat ,felis dome/icus99 ,we/ ,indian ,manatee ,tri*e*us manatus ,dome/ic pig ,sus scr(a99 ,:itetail de] ,odocoileus virg9ia ,*eckli/ ( ,birds ,?is is a complete li/ ( ! birds kn[n 9 ! p>k--#cdg species z ( ,june #a1 #aihe--;along ) a key indicat+ ! abundance & seasonal occurr5ce ( ea* species4 ,z not$ 9 ?is li/ _m birds are kn[n 9 ! p>k f only a few sight+s4 ,a few are exotic birds t h escap$ captivity4 ,species consid]$ exotic to ,ev]glades ,p>k are m>k$ ) an a/]isk 79974 ,us]s c contribute to updat+ future li/s by c>efully record+ details ( _! obs]vations ( less common species & report+ t in=mation to p>k p]sonnel4 ,= purposes ( ?is li/+ ! seasons are z foll[s3 ,spr+3 ,m>* #a to ,may #ca ,summ]3 ,june #a to ,july #ca ,fall3 ,augu/ #a to ,novemb] #ae ,w9t]3 ,novemb] #af to ,febru>y #bh ,key to ,*eckli/ ,c ,common ,u ,uncommon ,r ,r>e ,f ,few] ?an #aj sight+s ,b ,bre$s 9 p>k 8 ,unc]ta9 if species bre$s 9 p>k ,"n ( ,bird ,bre$s 9 p>k ,spr+ ,summ] ,fall ,w9t] ,r$-?roat$ ,loon ,f ,common ,loon ,r ,r ,r ,pi$-bill$ ,grebe ,b ,c ,u ,c ,c ,horn$ ,grebe ,c ,c ,c ,r$-neck$ ,grebe ,f ,sooty ,%e>wat] ,f ,wilson's ,/orm ,petrel ,f ,br[n ,booby ,f ,nor!rn ,gannet ,f ,f ,f ,am]ican ,:ite ,pelican ,c ,r ,c ,c ,br[n ,pelican ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,great ,cormorant ,f ,d\ble-cre/$ ,cormorant ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,anh+a ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,magnific5t ,frigatebird ,u ,u ,u ,u ,am]ican ,bitt]n 8 ,u ,r ,u ,c ,lea/ ,bitt]n ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,great ,blue ,h]on ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,great ,blue ,h]on 7,:ite phase7 ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,great ,egret ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,sn[y ,egret ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,little ,blue ,h]on ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,tricolor$ ,h]on ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,r$di% ,egret ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,cattle ,egret ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,gre5-back$ ,h]on ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,black-cr[n$ ,night ,h]on ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,yell[-cr[n$ ,night ,h]on ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,:ite ,ibis ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,sc>let ,ibis 7probably ,r ,r ,r ,r escapes7 ,glossy ,ibis ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,:ite-fac$ ,ibis ,f ,roseate ,spoonbill ,b ,c ,u ,c ,c ,wood ,/ork ,b ,u ,r ,u ,u ,great ,flam+o 7probably ,r ,r ,r ,r escapes7 ,fulv\s ,:i/l+ ,duck ,u ,u ,u ,u ,sn[ ,goose ,f ,sn[ ,goose 7,blue ,phase7 ,f ,brant ,r ,canada ,goose ,f ,wood ,duck ,r ,gre5-w+$ ,teal ,u ,r ,u ,am]ican ,black ,duck ,f ,mottl$ ,duck ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,mall>d ,r ,:ite-*eck$ ,p9tail ,f ,f ,nor!rn ,p9tail ,c ,r ,c ,blue-w+$ ,teal ,c ,r ,c ,c ,c9namon ,teal ,f ,nor!rn ,%ovel] ,c ,r ,c ,c ,gadwall ,r ,r ,eurasian ,wigeon ,f ,am]ican ,wigeon ,c ,c ,c ,canvasback ,r ,r ,r$head ,r ,r ,r+-neck$ ,duck ,c ,c ,c ,great] ,scaup ,f ,less] ,scaup ,c ,c ,c ,oldsquaw ,f ,black ,scot] ,f ,surf ,scot] ,f ,common ,gold5eye ,f ,bufflehead ,r ,hood$ ,m]gans] ,u ,r ,u ,r$-brea/$ ,m]gans] ,c ,r ,c ,c ,ruddy ,duck ,u ,u ,c ,mask$ ,duck ,f ,black ,vulture ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,turkey ,vulture ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,osprey ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,am]ican ,swall[-tail$ ,kite ,b ,c ,c ,r ,black-%\ld]$ ,kite ,f ,f ,snail ,kite ,b ,r ,r ,r ,r ,mississippi ,kite ,f ,f ,bald ,eagle ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,nor!rn ,h>ri] ,u ,u ,c ,%>p-%9n$ ,hawk ,u ,u ,u ,coop]'s ,hawk ,r ,r ,r ,r$-%\ld]$ ,hawk ,b ,u ,r ,u ,u ,broad-w+$ ,hawk ,u ,u ,u ,%ort-tail$ ,hawk ,b ,u ,r ,u ,u ,swa9son's ,hawk ,r ,r ,u ,r$-tail$ ,hawk ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,r\gh-legg$ ,hawk ,f ,gold5 ,eagle ,f ,cre/$ ,c>ac>a ,f ,am]ican ,ke/rel ,c ,c ,c ,m]l9 ,u ,u ,u ,p]egr9e ,falcon ,u ,u ,u ,wild ,turkey ,b ,r ,r ,r ,r ,nor!rn ,bob:ite ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,yell[ ,rail ,f ,black ,rail ,r ,clapp] ,rail ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,k+ ,rail ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,virg9ia ,rail ,r ,r ,r ,sora ,rail ,c ,c ,c ,purple ,gall9ule ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,common ,moorh5 ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,am]ican ,coot ,b ,c ,r ,c ,c ,c>ibbean ,coot ,f ,f ,f ,limpk9 ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,s&hill ,crane ,b ,r ,r ,r ,r ,black-belli$ ,plov] ,c ,r ,c ,c ,less] ,gold5 ,plov] ,r ,r ,r ,sn[y ,plov] ,f ,f ,wilson's ,plov] ,b ,c ,c ,c ,u ,semipalmat$ ,plov] ,c ,u ,c ,c ,pip+ ,plov] ,u ,u ,u ,killde] ,b ,c ,u ,c ,c ,am]ican ,oy/]cat*] ,r ,black-neck$ ,/ilt ,b ,u ,r ,u ,r ,am]ican ,avocet ,c ,u ,c ,c ,great] ,yell[legs ,c ,u ,c ,c ,less] ,yell[legs ,c ,u ,c ,c ,solit>y ,s&pip] ,u ,u ,r ,willet 8 ,c ,u ,c ,c ,spott$ ,s&pip] ,c ,c ,c ,upl& ,s&pip] ,f ,f ,:imbrel ,u ,r ,u ,u ,long-bill$ ,curlew ,r ,r ,r ,hudsonian ,godwit ,f ,f ,m>bl$ ,godwit ,c ,r ,c ,c ,ruddy ,turn/one ,c ,u ,c ,c ,r$ ,knot ,u ,r ,u ,u ,s&]l+ ,u ,u ,u ,semipalmat$ ,s&pip] ,u ,u ,r ,we/]n ,s&pip] ,c ,r ,c ,c ,lea/ ,s&pip] ,c ,u ,c ,c ,:ite-rump$ ,s&pip] ,r ,r ,baird's ,s&pip] ,r ,pectoral ,s&pip] ,c ,c ,r ,%>p-tail$ ,s&pip] ,f ,dunl9 ,c ,c ,c ,curlew ,s&pip] ,f ,/ilt ,s&pip] ,u ,u ,r ,buff-brea/$ ,s&pip] ,f ,ruff ,f ,%ort-bill$ ,d[it*] ,c ,u ,c ,c ,long-bill$ ,d[it*] ,u ,u ,u ,r ,common ,snipe ,u ,u ,u ,am]ican ,woodcock ,r ,r ,wilson's ,phal>ope ,f ,r$-neck$ ,phal>ope ,f ,p>asitic ,jaeg] ,f ,laugh+ ,gull ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,frankl9's ,gull ,f ,bonap>te's ,gull ,u ,u ,r+-bill$ ,gull ,c ,u ,c ,c ,h]r+ ,gull ,c ,u ,c ,c ,less] ,black-back$ ,gull ,f ,great ,black-back$ ,gull ,f ,gull-bill$ ,t]n ,u ,u ,u ,u ,caspian ,t]n ,c ,r ,c ,c ,royal ,t]n ,c ,u ,c ,c ,s&wi* ,t]n ,u ,u ,u ,u ,roseate ,t]n ,r ,common ,t]n ,u ,u ,u ,=/]'s ,t]n ,c ,u ,c ,c ,lea/ ,t]n ,b ,c ,c ,u ,bridl$ ,t]n ,f ,sooty ,t]n ,f ,f ,black ,t]n ,u ,u ,u ,r ,br[n ,noddy ,f ,f ,black ,skimm] ,c ,c ,c ,c ,rock ,dove99 ,f ,f ,f ,f ,:ite-cr[n$ ,pigeon ,b ,c ,c ,c ,u ,:ite-w+$ ,dove ,f ,f ,f ,f ,z5aida ,dove ,f ,m\rn+ ,dove ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,common ,gr\nd ,dove ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,key ,we/ ,quail ,dove ,f ,f ,budg]ig> 7escapes7 ,f ,f ,rose-r+$ ,p>akeet 7escapes7 ,f ,monk ,p>akeet 7escapes7 ,f ,can>y-w+$ ,p>akeet ,f 7escapes7 ,yell[-bill$ ,cuckoo ,b ,c ,c ,c ,r ,mangrove ,cuckoo ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,smoo?-bill$ ,ani ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,groove-bill$ ,ani ,f ,f ,f ,common ,b>n ,owl ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,ea/]n ,scree* ,owl ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,great ,horn$ ,owl ,b ,r ,r ,r ,r ,burr[+ ,owl ,r ,b>r$ ,owl ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,long-e>$ ,owl ,f ,%ort-e>$ ,owl ,r ,r ,r ,less] ,nigh?awk ,f ,f ,common ,nigh?awk ,b ,c ,c ,c ,r ,*uck-w's-wid[ ,b ,c ,c ,c ,r ,:ip-poor-w ,u ,u ,c ,*imney ,swift ,r ,ruby-?roat$ ,humm+bird ,c ,r ,c ,c ,belt$ ,k+fi%] ,c ,r ,c ,c ,r$-head$ ,woodpeck] ,f ,r$-belli$ ,woodpeck] ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,yell[-belli$ ,sapsuck] ,u ,u ,c ,d[ny ,woodpeck] ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,hairy ,woodpeck] ,b ,r ,r ,r ,r ,r$-cockad$ ,woodpeck] ,extirpat$ ,nor!rn ,flick] ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,pileat$ ,woodpeck] ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,ivory-bill$ ,woodpeck] ,extirpat$ ,olive-sid$ ,flycat*] ,f ,ea/]n ,wood ,pewee ,u ,u ,r ,acadian ,flycat*] ,r ,will[ ,flycat*] ,r ,lea/ ,flycat*] ,u ,u ,u ,r ,ea/]n ,phoebe ,c ,c ,c ,say's ,phoebe ,f ,v]milion ,flycat*] ,f ,f ,great ,cre/$ ,flycat*] ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,br[n-cre/$ ,flycat*] ,r ,r ,tropical ,k+bird ,f ,f ,we/]n ,k+bird ,u ,u ,u ,ea/]n ,k+bird ,b ,c ,c ,c ,r ,gray ,k+bird ,b ,c ,c ,c ,scissor-tail$ ,flycat*] ,r ,r ,r ,purple ,m>t9 ,c ,c ,c ,tree ,swall[ ,c ,c ,c ,nor!rn ,r\gh-w+$ ,swall[ ,u ,u ,r ,bank ,swall[ ,u ,u ,cliff ,swall[ ,r ,u ,b>n ,swall[ ,b ,u ,r ,c ,r ,blue ,jay ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,am]ican ,cr[ ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,fi% ,cr[ ,f ,tuft$ ,titm\se ,r ,r ,:ite-brea/$ ,nu?at* ,f ,br[n-head$ ,nu?at* ,extirpat$ ,br[n ,creep] ,f ,c>ol9a ,wr5 ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,h\se ,wr5 ,c ,c ,c ,w9t] ,wr5 ,f ,s$ge ,wr5 ,u ,u ,u ,m>% ,wr5 ,u ,u ,u ,ruby-cr[n$ ,k+let ,u ,u ,u ,blue-gray ,gnatcat*] ,c ,c ,c ,ea/]n ,bluebird ,extirpat$ ,ve]y ,u ,u ,gray-*eek$ ,?ru% ,u ,u ,swa9son's ,?ru% ,u ,u ,f ,h]mit ,?ru% ,u ,u ,r ,wood ,?ru% ,r ,r ,f ,am]ican ,rob9 ,r-,c ,gray ,catbird ,c ,c ,c ,nor!rn ,mock+bird ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,br[n ,?ra%] ,u ,u ,u ,wat] ,pipit ,r ,r ,c$> ,waxw+ ,r-,c ,r-,c ,r-,c ,logg]head ,%rike ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,european ,/>l+99 ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,hill ,myna 7probably escapes7 ,f ,?ick-bill$ ,vireo ,f ,:ite-ey$ ,vireo ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,bell's ,vireo ,f ,f ,solit>y ,vireo ,u ,u ,u ,yell[-?roat$ ,vireo ,u ,u ,u ,w>bl+ ,vireo ,f ,f ,philadelphia ,vireo ,r ,r ,r$-ey$ ,vireo ,c ,c ,f ,black-:isp]$ ,vireo ,b ,c ,c ,c ,blue-w+$ ,w>bl] ,r ,r ,f ,gold5-w+$ ,w>bl] ,r ,r ,t5nessee ,w>bl] ,u ,u ,r ,orange-cr[n$ ,w>bl] ,u ,u ,u ,na%ville ,w>bl] ,f ,r ,f ,nor!rn ,p>ula ,c ,r ,c ,c ,yell[ ,w>bl] ,b ,c ,c ,c ,u ,*e/nut-sid$ ,w>bl] ,r ,r ,magnolia ,w>bl] ,u ,u ,r ,cape ,may ,w>bl] ,u-,c ,u-,c ,r ,black-?roat$ ,blue ,w>bl] ,c ,c ,u-,r ,yell[-rump$ ,w>bl] ,r-,c ,r-,c ,c ,black-?roat$ ,gray ,w>bl] ,f ,black-?roat$ ,gre5 ,w>bl] ,u ,u ,u ,blackburnian ,w>bl] ,u ,u ,f ,yell[-?roat$ ,w>bl] ,c ,u ,c ,c ,p9e ,w>bl] ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,kirtl&'s ,w>bl] ,f ,prairie ,w>bl] ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,palm ,w>bl] ,c ,c ,c ,bay-brea/$ ,w>bl] ,f ,f ,blackpoll ,w>bl] ,c ,r ,c]ulean ,w>bl] ,r ,black-&-:ite ,w>bl] ,c ,c ,c ,am]ican ,r$/>t ,c ,u ,c ,u ,pro?onot>y ,w>bl] ,u ,u ,f ,worm-eat+ ,w>bl] ,u ,u ,r ,swa9son's ,w>bl] ,r ,r ,ov5bird ,c ,c ,c ,nor!rn ,wat]?ru% ,c ,c ,c ,l\isiana ,wat]?ru% ,c ,u ,c ,r ,k5tucky ,w>bl] ,r ,r ,f ,connecticut ,w>bl] ,r ,m\rn+ ,w>bl] ,f ,common ,yell[?roat ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,hood$ ,w>bl] ,u ,u ,f ,wilson's ,w>bl] ,r ,r ,f ,yell[-brea/$ ,*at ,u ,u ,u ,bananaquit ,f ,/ripe-head$ ,tanag] ,f ,summ] ,tanag] ,r ,r ,f ,sc>let ,tanag] ,f ,f ,f ,we/]n ,tanag] ,f ,f ,f ,nor!rn ,c>d9al ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,rose-brea/$ ,grosbeak ,u ,u ,r ,blue ,grosbeak ,u ,u ,f ,indigo ,bunt+ ,c ,c ,r ,pa9t$ ,bunt+ ,c ,c ,u-,r ,dickcissel ,f ,f ,f ,ruf\s-sid$ ,t[hee ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,black-fac$ ,grassquit ,f ,f ,ba*man's ,sp>r[ ,f ,f ,f ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[ ,r ,r ,r ,clay-color$ ,sp>r[ ,r ,r ,r ,field ,sp>r[ ,u ,u ,u ,vesp] ,sp>r[ ,f ,f ,f ,l>k ,sp>r[ ,f ,f ,l>k ,bunt+ ,f ,f ,savannah ,sp>r[ ,c ,c ,c ,gras%opp] ,sp>r[ ,u ,u ,u ,le ,conte's ,sp>r[ ,f ,%>p-tail$ ,sp>r[ ,r ,r ,u ,seaside ,sp>r[ ,r ,cape ,sable ,seaside ,sp>r[ ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,song ,sp>r[ ,f ,l9coln's ,sp>r[ ,r-,u ,swamp ,sp>r[ ,c ,c ,c ,:ite-?roat$ ,sp>r[ ,f ,f ,:ite-cr[n$ ,sp>r[ ,r ,f ,d>k-ey$ ,junco ,f ,f ,bobol9k ,c ,c ,f ,r$-w+$ ,blackbird ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,ea/]n ,mead[l>k ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,yell[-head$ ,blackbird ,r ,r ,r ,ru/y ,blackbird ,f ,brew]'s ,blackbird ,r ,boat-tail$ ,grackle ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,common ,grackle ,b ,c ,c ,c ,c ,bronz$ ,c[bird ,f ,br[n-head$ ,c[bird ,u ,u ,r ,or*>d ,oriole ,u ,u ,spot-brea/$ ,oriole ,f ,nor!rn ,oriole 7,baltimore ,c ,c ,r race7 ,nor!rn ,oriole 7,bullock's ,r ,r ,r race7 ,p9e ,sisk9 ,f ,am]ican ,goldf9* ,c ,c ,c ,h\se ,sp>r[99 ,b ,u ,u ,u ,u ,*eckli/s ( ,reptiles & ,amphibians ,m ?an #ej species ( reptiles1 includ+ #bf species ( snakes & #af species ( turtles1 h be5 f\nd 9 ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k4 ,! reptiles include1 ( c\rse1 ! alligator1 :i* is ! symbol ( ! ,ev]glades4 ,less conspicu\s ?an ! reptiles are ! #ah species ( amphibians t live "h4 ,_m are nocturnal4 ,^! li/s repres5t species f\nd )9 ! p>k or ne>by4 ,species consid]$ exotic to ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k are m>k$ ) an a/]isk 79974 ,reptiles ,am]ican crocodile ,crocodylus acutus ,am]ican alligator ,alligator mississippi5sis ,florida snapp+ turtle ,*elydra s]p5t9a ,/rip$ mud turtle ,k9o/]num bauri ,/9kpot ,/]no!rus odoratus ,florida box turtle ,t]rap5e c>ol9a ,diamondback t]rap9 ,malaclemys t]rap9 ,p59sula coot] ,*rysemys floridanis ,florida r$belly turtle ,*rysemys nelsoni ,florida *ick5 turtle ,deiro*elys reticul>ia ,goph] tortoise ,goph]us polyphemus ,atlantic gre5 turtle ,*elonia mydas ,atlantic hawksbill ,eretmo*elys imbricata ,atlantic logg]head ,c>etta c>etta ,atlantic ridley ,lepido*elys kempi ,florida s(t%ell ,trionyx f]ox ,indopacific gecko ,hemidactylus g>noti99 ,florida reef gecko ,%pa]odactylus notatus ,gre5 anole ,anolis c>ol95sis ,br[n anole ,anolis sagrai99 ,knight anole ,anolis eque/ris99 ,common iguana ,iguana iguana99 ,gr\nd sk9k ,sc9cella lat]alis ,ea/]n glass liz>d ,ophisaurus v5tralis ,isl& glass liz>d ,ophisaurus compressus ,florida gre5 wat] snake ,n]odia cyclopion ,br[n wat] snake ,n]odia taxispilota ,florida wat] snake ,n]odia fasciata pictiv5tris ,mangrove salt m>% snake ,n]odia fasciata compressicauda ,s\? ,florida swamp snake ,sem9atrix pygaea ,florida br[n snake ,/o]ia dekayi ,ea/]n g>t] snake ,?amnophis sirtalis ,p59sula ribbon snake ,?amnophis sauritus ,/rip$ crayfi% snake ,reg9a all5i ,ea/]n hognose snake ,het]odon platyrh9os ,s\!rn r+neck snake ,diadopis punctatus ,ea/]n mud snake ,f>ancia abacura ,ev]glades rac] ,colub] con/rictor ,ea/]n coa*:ip ,ma/icophis flagellum ,r\gh gre5 snake ,opheodrys ae/ivus ,ea/]n indigo ,drym>*on corais ,corn snake ,elaphe guttata ,ev]glades rat snake ,elaphe obsoleta ,yell[ rat snake ,elaphe obsoleta quadrivitatta ,florida k+snake ,lampropeltis getulus ,sc>let k+snake ,lampropeltis triangulum ,florida sc>let snake ,cemophora cocc9ea ,ea/]n coral snake ,micrurus fulvius ,florida cottonm\? ,agki/rodon piscivorus ,dusky pygmy rattlesnake ,si/rurus mili>ius ,ea/]n diamondback ,crotalus adamanteus ,amphibians ,two-to$ amphiuma ,amphiuma means ,great] sir5 ,sir5 lac]t9a ,ev]glades dw>f sir5 ,pseudobran*us /riatus belli ,p59sula newt ,notoph?almus viridesc5s ,ea/]n spadefoot toad ,scaphiophus holbrooki ,gre5h\se frog ,eleu?rodactylus planiro/ris99 ,s\!rn toad ,bufo t]re/ris ,oak toad ,bufo qu]cicus ,florida cricket frog ,acris gryllus ,gre5 treefrog ,hyla c9]ea ,squirrel treefrog ,hyla squirella ,cuban treefrog ,o/eopilus sept5trionalis99 ,little grass frog ,limneaodus ocul>is ,florida *orus frog ,pseudacris nigrita ,ea/]n n>r[-m\? toad ,ga/rophyne c>ol9esis ,pig frog ,rana grylio ,s\!rn leop>d frog ,rana sp5ocephala ,*eckli/ ( ,trees & ,tree-l ,plants ,a tree is def9$ "h z a woody plant at lea/ #ab feet high ) a s+le trunk #b in*es or m 9 diamet] at brea/ height4 ,a tree-l plant is "o ) ! g5]al %ape & size ( a tree1 b "o :i* is n woody or o!rwise fails to meet ! def9ition4 ,! arrangem5t ( families is g5]ally ! same z t ( ,small's ,manual ( ,s\!a/]n ,flora 7#aicc7 & ,long & ,lakela's ,a ,flora ( ,tropical ,florida 7#aiga74 ,g5]a & species are li/$ alphabetically 9 ea* family4 ,nom5clature foll[s ,av]y & ,loope1 ,plants ( ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k3 ,a ,prelim9>y ,*eckli/ ( ,vascul> ,plants 7#aihc74 ,9 ! *eckli/1 ! introduc$ species are foll[$ by a symbol1 key bel[1 t describes ! plants' success 9 ! ,ev]glades4 ,native plants li/ only _! "n4 ,we ,well e/abli%$4 ,an exotic plant t has become widely naturaliz$1 ) a l>ge population4 ,sl ,slightly naturaliz$4 ,an exotic plant t has a small foo?old1 (t5 f\nd ne> a mature tree t acts z a se$ s\rce4 ,pr ,p]si/5t4 ,an exotic plant t goes on liv+ = a long "t aft] x is plant$1 & t may appe> to be native or naturaliz$4 ,sm ,small1 r>ely tree-siz$4 ,a plant t may sometimes become a tree1 b t (t5 does n meet ! def9ition4 ,cu ,cultivat$ only4 ,kn[n only z a cultivat$ species1 b :i* is reta9$ on ?is li/ because ei!r ,small or ,long & ,lakela treat x z native or naturaliz$4 ,,p9e ,,family3 ,,p9aceae ,s\? ,florida ,sla% ,p9e ,p9us elliottii v>4 d5sa ,,bald ,,cypress ,,family3 ,,taxodiaceae ,pond cypress ,taxodium asc5d5s ,bald cypress ,taxodium di/i*um ,,palm ,,family3 ,,arecaceae ,paurotis palm ,acoelorraphe wrightii ,silv] palm ,cocco?r9ax arg5tata ,coconut ,cocos nucif]a ,sl ,royal palm ,roy/onea elata ,cabbage palm ,sabal palmetto ,saw palmetto ,s]5oa rep5s ,?at* palm ,?r9ax radiata ,,c5tury ,,plant ,,family3 ,,agavaceae ,false sisal ,agave decipi5s ,sisal ,agave sisalana ,we ,spani% dagg] ,yucca aloifolia ,,banana ,,family3 ,,musaceae ,banana ,musaceae musa p>adisiaca ,,beefwood ,,family3 ,,casu>9aceae ,au/ralian-p9e ,casu>9a equisetifolia ,we ,suck]+ ,au/ralian-p9e ,casu>9a glauca ,pr ,,will[ ,,family3 ,,saliacaceae ,will[ ,salix c>ol9iana ,,bayb]ry ,,family3 ,,myricaceae ,wax-myrtle ,myrica c]if]a ,,oak ,,family3 ,,fagaceae ,laurel oak ,qu]cus laurifolia ,live oak ,qu]cus virg9iana ,,elm ,,family3 ,,ulmaceae ,hackb]ry ,celtis laevigata ,we/ ,indian trema ,trema lam>ckianum ,florida trema ,trema micran?um ,,mulb]ry ,,family3 ,,moraceae ,/rangl] fig ,ficus aurea ,%ortleaf fig ,ficus citrifolia ,r$ mulb]ry ,morus rubra ,,xim5ia ,,family3 ,,olacaceae ,graytwig ,s*oepfia *rysophylloides ,tall[wood ,xim5ia am]icana ,,buck:eat ,,family3 ,,polygonaceae ,pigeon plum ,coccoloba div]sifolia ,sea grape ,coccoloba uvif]a ,,f\r-,o-,,clock ,,family3 ,,nyctag9aceae ,blolly ,guapira discolor ,pu%-&-hold-back ,pisonia aculeata ,,magnolia ,,family3 ,,magnoliaceae ,sweet bay ,magnolia virg9iana ,,cu/>d-,,apple ,,family3 ,,annonaceae ,pond apple ,annona glabra ,,laurel ,,family3 ,,lauraceae ,lancewood ,nect&ra coriacea ,r$-bay ,p]sea borbonia ,avocado ,p]sea am]icana v>4 am]icana ,,cap] ,,family3 ,,capp>aceae ,jamaica cap] ,capp>is cynophallophora ,limb] cap] ,capp>is flexuosa ,sm ,,rose ,,family3 ,,rosaceae ,we/ ,indian *]ry ,prunus myrtifolia ,,coco-,,plum ,,family3 ,,*rysobalanaceae ,coco-plum ,*rysobalanus icaco ,,pea ,,family3 ,,fabaceae ,sweet acacia ,acacia f>nesiana ,acacia p9etorum ,sm ,%y leaf ,aes*ynom5e am]icana v>4 am]icana ,aes*ynom5e prat5sis v>4 prat5sis ,wom5's tongue ,albizia lebbeck ,sl ,or*id tree ,bauh9ia purpurea ,sl ,cassia asp]a ,bahama s5na ,cassia ,*apmanii ,cassia de]+iana ,gold5 %[] ,cassia fi/ula ,pr ,cassia ligu/r9a ,sickle-pod ,cassia obtusifolia ,dalb]gia br[nei ,royal ponciana ,delonix regia ,coral-bean ,ery?r9a h]bacea ,jumbie bean ,leuca5a leucocephala ,sl ,wild tam>9d ,lysiloma latisiliquum ,jamaica dogwood ,piscidia piscipula ,black-bead ,pi!cellobium guadalup5se ,cat's claw ,pi!cellobium unguis-cati ,necklace pod ,sophora tom5tosa ,,rue ,,family3 ,,rutaceae ,citrus spp4 ,pr ,wild lime ,zan?oxylum fag>a ,,ailan?us ,,family3 ,,sim>\baceae ,alv>adoa amorphoides ,p>adise-tree ,sim>\ba glauca ,,bay ,,c$> ,,family3 ,,surianaceae ,bay c$> ,suriana m>itima ,sm ,,burs]a ,,family3 ,,burs]aceae ,gumbo-limbo ,burs]a sim>uba ,,mahogany ,,family3 ,,meliaceae ,mahogany ,swiet5ia mahagoni ,,malpighia ,,family3 ,,malpighiaceae ,locu/-b]ry ,brysonima lucida ,,spurge ,,family3 ,,euphorbiaceae ,crabwood ,at]amnus lucidus ,bis*(ia javanica ,sl ,milk ,b>k ,drypetes div]sifolia ,guiana-plum ,drypetes lat]iflora ,man*9eel ,hippomane manc9ella ,,ca%ew ,,family3 ,,anac>diaceae ,poisonwood ,metopium toxif]um ,s\!rn sumac ,rhus copall9a v>4 leucan?a ,brazilian-pepp] ,s*9us t]eb9?ifolius ,we ,hogplum ,spondias purpurea ,,holly ,,family3 ,,aquifoliaceae ,dahoon ,ilex cass9e ,tawnyb]ry holly ,ilex krugiana ,,bitt]sweet ,,family3 ,,cela/raceae ,gr\nd holly ,crossopetalum ilicifolium ,sm ,rhacoma ,crossopetalum rhacoma ,sm ,guttap]*a mayt5 ,mayt5us phyllan?oides ,,maple ,,family3 ,,ac]aceae ,r$ maple ,ac] rubum ,,soapb]ry ,,family3 ,,sap9daceae ,v>ni%-leaf ,dodonaea viscose v>4 l9e>is ,inkwood ,exo!a paniculata ,:ite ironwood ,hypelate trifoliata ,spani% lime ,melicoccus bijugatus ,pr ,soapb]ry ,sap9dus sapon>ia ,,buck?orn ,,family3 ,,rhamnaceae ,c(fee colubr9a ,colubr9a arboresc5s ,colubr9a asiatica ,cuban colubr9a ,colubr9a cub5sis ,sm ,black ironwood ,krugiod5dron f]reum ,,elaeoc>pus ,,family3 ,,elaeoc>paceae ,/rawb]ry-tree ,munt9oia calabura ,pr ,,mall[ ,,family3 ,,malvaceae ,wild cotton ,gossypium hirsutum ,hibiscus rosa-s95sis ,pr ,turk's cap ,malvaviscus arboreus v>4 mexicanus ,cork tree ,!spesia populnea ,,canella ,,family3 ,,canellaceae ,wild-c9namon ,cannela w9t]ana ,,papaya ,,family3 ,,c>icaceae ,papaya ,c>ica papaya ,,cactus ,,family3 ,,cactaceae ,prickly apple ,c]eus gracilus v>4 simpsonii ,dildo ,c]eus p5tagonus ,,mangrove ,,family3 ,,rhizophoraceae ,r$ mangrove ,rhizophora mangle ,,combretum ,,family3 ,,combretaceae ,black olive ,bucida buc]as ,pr ,buttonwood ,conoc>pus erectus ,:ite mangrove ,laguncul>ia racemosa ,indian almond ,t]m9alia catappa ,pr ,,myrtle ,,family3 ,,myrtaceae ,bottlebru% ,calli/emon vim9alis ,pr ,spicewood ,calyptran!s pall5s v>4 pall5s ,myrtle-(-!-riv] ,calyptran!s zuzygium ,:ite /opp] ,eug5ia axill>is ,spani% /opp] ,eug5ia foetida ,cajeput ,melaleuca qu9qu5]via ,sl ,simpson /opp] ,myrcian!s fragans v>4 simpsonii ,guava ,psidium guajava ,we ,long-/alk$ /opp] ,psidium longipes v>4 longipes ,sm ,,mead[-,,beauty ,,family3 ,,mela/omataceae ,spani% lea!r ,tetrazygia bicolor ,,joe-,,wood ,,family3 ,,!ophra/aceae ,joe-wood ,jacqu9ia key5sis ,,myrs9e ,,family3 ,,myrs9aceae ,m>lb]ry ,ardisia escallonioides ,%oebutton ardisia ,ardisia solanacea ,we ,myrs9e ,myrs9e floridana ,,sapodilla ,,family3 ,,sapotaceae ,saffron-plum ,bumelia cela/r9a ,bumelia recl9ata v>4 recl9ata ,sm ,will[ bu/ic ,bumelia salicifolia ,sat9 leaf ,*rysophyllum olivi=me ,wild dilly ,manilk>a baham5sis ,ma/ic ,ma/i*od5dron foetidissimum ,,ebony ,,family3 ,,eb5aceae ,p]simmon ,diospyros virg9iana ,,olive ,,family3 ,,oleaceae ,wild-olive ,=e/i]a segregata v>4 p9etorum ,sm ,florida-privet ,=e/i]a segregata v>4 segregata ,sm ,pop a% ,frax9us c>ol9iana ,,dogbane ,,family3 ,,apocynaceae ,!vetia p]uviana ,pr ,pe>l-b]ry ,vallesia antillana ,,borage ,,family3 ,,borag9aceae ,smoo? /rongb>k ,b\rr]ia cass9ifolia ,/rongb>k ,b\rr]ia ovata ,geig]-tree ,cordia sebe/5a ,,black ,,mangrove ,,family3 ,,avic5niaceae ,black ,mangrove ,avic5nia g]m9ans ,,v]b5a ,,family3 ,,v]b5aceae ,fiddlewood ,ci?>exylum fructicosum ,java ,glory-b[]s ,cl]ad5drum speciosissimum ,,potato ,,family3 ,,solanaceae ,potato tree ,solanum erian?um ,,madd] ,,family3 ,,rubiaceae ,sev5-ye>-apple ,casasia clusiifolia ,buttonbu% ,cephalan?us occid5talis ,black tor* ,eri?alis fruticosa ,sm ,velvet se$ ,guett>da elliptica ,r\gh velvet-se$ ,guett>da scabra ,firebu% ,hamelia pat5s ,indigo-b]ry ,r&ia aculeata ,sm ,,honeysuckle ,,family3 ,,caprifoliaceae ,s\!rn eld]b]ry ,sambucus canad5sis ,,a/] ,,family3 ,,a/]aceae ,gr\ndsel-tree ,bac*>is glom]uliflora ,sm ,gr\ndsel-tree ,bac*>is halimifolia ,sm ,h&book #adc ,! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice expresses its appreciation to all ^? p]sons :o made ! prep>ation & production ( ?is h&book possible4 ,special ?anks are ext5d$ to ,frank ,craighead1 ,sr41 ,pat ,mill]1 ,bill ,rob]tson1 & ,saul ,s*iffman1 :o read ! manuscript & provid$ mu* useful in=mation4 ,! *eckli/s 7 compil$ ov] _m ye>s by v>i\s memb]s ( ! ,ev]glades ,national ,p>k /aff4 ,! ,s]vice also gratefully ackn[l$ges ! f9ancial support giv5 ?is h&book project by ! ,ev]glades ,natural ,hi/ory ,association1 a nonpr(it gr\p t assi/s int]pretive ef=ts at ! p>k4 ,! cov] photograph is by ,gl5n van ,nimweg54 ,national ,p>k ,s]vice ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior ,z ! ,nation's pr9cipal cons]vation ag5cy1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior has responsibility = mo/ ( our nationally own$ public l&s & natural res\rces4 ,?is includes fo/]+ ! wise/ use ( our l& & wat] res\rces1 protect+ our fi% & wildlife1 pres]v+ ! environm5tal & cultural values ( our national p>ks & hi/orical places1 & provid+ = ! enjoym5t ( life ?r\gh outdoor recreation4 ,! ,dep>tm5t assesses our en]gy & m9]al res\rces & works to assure t _! developm5t is 9 ! be/ int]e/ ( all our p4 ,! ,dep>tm5t also has a major responsibility = ,am]ican ,indian res]vation communities & = p :o live 9 isl& t]ritories "u ,u4,s4 adm9i/ration4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,relocat$ all image captions to be imm$iately "u ! correspond+ images1 remov+ r$undant ref]5ces l 0prec$+ page04 --,sil5tly correct$ a few palpable typos4 --,add$ 8,gloss>y0 to ! ,table ( ,cont5ts --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4