,,! ,,lat9 ,,hymn-,,writ]s ,,& ,,_! ,,hymns4 ,,by ,,! ,,late ,,samuel ,,will\ghby ,,duffield1 ,au?or ( 8,! ,heav5ly ,l&10 8,w>p & ,wo(10 8,! ,burial ( ! ,dead10 & 8,engli% ,hymns3 ,_! ,au?ors & ,hi/ory40 ,,edit$ ,,& ,,complet$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,r4 ,e4 ,,?ompson1 ,d4,d41 ,( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 8,et semp] 9 hunc /udiorum qu>e munitissimum portum ex hujus temporis tempe/atibus lub5t] confugissem40--,h4 ,a4 ,daniel4 8,9 diesem ,s9ne betra*te i* diese1 uns von d] ,vorzeit b]lief]t5 ehrwrdig5 und erhab55 ,kir*li*5 ,di*tung5 als e9 gei/iges ,geme+ut40--,g4 ,a4 ,konigsfeld4 ,,funk ,,wagnalls1 ,,new ,,york3 #ahhi4 ,,london3 #ah #bj ,,a/or ,,place4 #dd ,,fleet ,,/reet4 ,all ,rights ,res]v$4 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahhi1 by ,,funk ,,wagnalls1 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,editor's ,preface iii ,introduction viii ,i ,! ,praise ,s]vice ( ! ,e>ly ,*ur* xi ,,ii ,! ,/udy ( ! ,lat9 ,hymns #ab ,,iii ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s & ! ,e>lie/ ,lat9 ,hymns #ai ,,iv ,pope ,damasus & ! ,beg9n+ ( ,rhyme #ce ,v ,ambrose #dg ,,vi ,prud5tius1 ! ,fir/ ,*ri/ian ,poet #fc ,,vii ,ennodius1 ,bi%op ( ,pavia #gc ,,viii ,caelius ,s$ulius & 8 ,alphabet ,hymn #hc ,,ix ,v5antius ,=tunatus ! ,tr\bad\r #hh ,x ,gregorius ,magnus #edj-fjd #ig ,,xi ,! ,v5]able ,b$e #aji ,,xii ,rabanus ,maurus1 ,au?or ( ! 8,v5i1 ,creator0 #aad ,,xiii ,notk] ( ,/4 ,gall1 ,call$ ,balbulus #acb ,,xiv ,walafrid ,/rabo #adc ,,xv ,h]mannus ,contractus & ! 8,v5i ,sancte ,spiritus0 #adi ,,xvi ,pet] ,damiani1 ,c>d9al & ,flagellant #afi ,,xvii ,hildeb]t & 8 ,hymn #agi ,,xviii ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux #ahf ,,xix ,abel>d #aid ,,xx ,pet] ! ,v5]able #bad ,,xxi ,b]n>d ( ,cluny #bbb ,,xxii ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor #bbg ,,xxiii ,?omas ( ,celano #bdj ,,xxiv ,?omas ,aqu9as & ,john ,bonav5tura #bee ,,xxv ,jacoponus & ! 8,/abat ,mat]0 #bgb ,,xxvi ,?omas ,kempis #bhc ,,xxvii ,francis ,xavi]1 ,mission>y to ! ,indies 7#aejf-eb7 #bih ,,xxviii ,! ,hymn-,writ]s ( ! ,brevi>y #caf ,,xxix ,! ,unkn[n & ! ,less ,kn[n ,hymn-,writ]s ,f\r? to ,t5? ,c5tury #cdg ,,xxx ,! ,unkn[n & ! ,less ,kn[n ,hymn-,writ]s ,t5? to ,sixte5? ,c5tury #cgj ,,xxxi ,lat9 ,hymnology & ,prote/antism #dja ,,xxxii ,,bibliographical ,,notes4 #daf ,,xxxiii ,index to ,translat$ ,hymns #ddf ,app5dix #dhe ,app5dix ,i ,,b]n>di ,,morlan5sis ,,de ,,vanitate ,,mundi ,,et ,,appetitu ,,aet]nae ,,vitae1 ,,libellus ,,aureolus4 #dhe ,app5dix ,,ii ,! ,c>m9a ,burana #die ,app5dix ,,iii ,! ,f\r ,craz$ ,bro!rs #dig ,g5]al ,index #dii ,index to ,lat9 ,hymns ,quot$ or ,m5tion$ #ejg ,,editor',s ,,preface4 ,"s mon?s be=e ! dea? ( my true he>t$ fri5d1 ,rev4 ,s4 ,w4 ,duffield1 he wrote to express 8 wi% t ,i %\ld complete ?is "w1 if he did n live to f9i% x4 ,z ,i 0 n aw>e h[ grave1 & ev5 hopeless1 0 8 illness1 ,i did n feel t ,i 0 und]tak+ a s]i\s responsibility 9 ass5t+ to 8 wi%4 ,b 8 untimely dea? br\ght to me ! duty ( dis*>g+ a wi% :i* 8! emphasis ( dea?0 made imp]ative4 ,9 our conf]5ces ov] ! book & its subject1 :i* we _h _h = ?ree ye>s pa/1 ,i _h come to appreciate ,mr4 ,duffield's ideas z to its =m & cont5t1 & read ) mu* int]e/ 8 prelim9>y /udies 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,intellig5c]1 ! ,sunday-,s*ool ,times1 & ! ,new ,engl&]4 ,on com+ into possession ( 8 manuscript & notes1 ,i f\nd t ! great] "p ( ! book _h be5 c>ri$ almo/ to ! po9t ( read9ess = ! pr9t]1 al?\gh sev]al *apt]s _h n be5 writt5 & all ne$$ c>eful revision4 ,i h revis$ ?r\gh\t ! *apt]s ,mr4 ,duffield left1 b 9 do+ s ,i h be5 emb>rass$ by ! v vitality & p]sonal quality 9 ,mr4 ,duffield's /yle4 ,he rem9ds "o ( :at ,ar*deacon ,h>e says ( ! fre%ness & liv+ =ce 9 a page ( ,lu!r's4 ,?is has con/ra9$ me to leave intact _m a phrase or expression ,i %\ld n h us$1 b :i* 0 natural & ev5 inevitable 9 him4 ,x is my hope t ,i h n sacrific$ ?is admirable quality ( 8 writ+ to any p$antry ( judgm5t4 ,! *apt]s on ,pope ,damasus 7,*apt] ,,iv47 ,i h rewritt5 ?r\gh\t4 ,t on ,b]n>d ( ,cluny ,i h re>rang$1 b )\t mu* alt]ation4 ,t on ,?omas ( ,celano ,i h rewritt5 to ! top ( page #beb4 ,t on ,h]mann ( ,rei*5au ,i %\ld h lik$ to rewrite2 b z ,i diss5t$ f "s ( its argum5ts1 ,i fe>$ to m ?an ret\* x4 ,x /&s z a monum5t ( its au?or's vehem5t conviction t 9 ,h]mann he _h f\nd ! true au?or ( ! ,v5i ,sancte ,spiritus4 ,! lat] *apt]s1 f ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ) ! exception ( ^? on ,jacoponus & ,xavi]1 are ! "w ( ! editor alone4 ,9 prep>+ !m ,i h foll[$ ! au?or's own plan = ! book1 except 7#a7 9 treat+ ( ! less-kn[n z well z ! unkn[n hymn-writ]s 9 ,*apt]s ,,xxx4 & ,,xxxi42 7#b7 9 ins]t+ a *apt] on ! relations ( ,prote/antism to ,lat9 hymnology2 & 7#c7 9 giv+ 9 ! la/ *apt] only a selection f ,mr4 ,duffield's great ,index ( ! ,lat9 ,hymns1 :i* ,i hope to see publi%$ complete 9 a sep>ate book4 ,translations n cr$it$ to any o!r p]son are ! "w ( ,mr4 ,duffield4 ,mr4 ,duffield's own idea ( 8 book is well express$ 9 ! ,introduction :i* foll[s ?is ,preface4 ,i give x z he left x1 al?\gh he _h not$ 8 purpose to prep>e ano!r :i* w\ld cov] ! gr\nd m fully4 ,x n[ rema9s to say some?+ ( ! man p]sonally1 & 9 ?is ,i am indebt$ mu* to ! assi/ance ( 8 fai?ful c[ork] 9 8 hymnological /udies1 ,miss ,lilian ,b4 ,day ( ,bloomfield1 :o copi$ 8 great ,index ( ! ,lat9 ,hymns1 & :o prep>$ ! indexes to bo? 8 ,engli% ,hymns & ! pres5t volume4 ,samuel ,augu/us ,will\ghby ,duffield 0 born at ,brooklyn1 on ,septemb] #bd?1 #ahdc4 ,8 family 0 ( ,fr5* ,hugu5ot extraction 7,du ,field71 & f\nd a home 9 ! ,nor? ( ,irel& aft] ! ,revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes4 ,betwe5 #agbe & #agcj ,george ,duffield1 8 ance/or by five removes1 settl$ 9 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 z "o ( ! great ,ul/] emigration :i* 0 fl[+ into ,p5nsylvania4 ,8 son ,george graduat$ at ,pr9ceton1 & aft] sev]al pa/orates 0 settl$ 9 ,philadelphia 9 ! ,p9e ,/reet *ur*4 ,he 0 an ard5t patriot1 *apla9 9 ,wa%+ton's army1 & ,bi%op ,:ite's associate 9 ! *apla9cy ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress4 ,( two sons :o surviv$ him1 "o became a m9i/]1 :ile ! o!r took a prom95t "p 9 public life4 ,8 gr&son1 ,rev4 ,george ,duffield1 ,d4,d4 7#agif-ahfh7 0 a lead] ( ! ,new ,s*ool division ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 bo? be=e & aft] ! sep>ation ( #ahcg1 & :ile pa/or at ,c>lisle 0 arraign$ = uns\nd tea*+ 9 8 "w on ,reg5]ation4 8,b>nes1 ,beman1 & ,duffield0 7 ! ?ree names mo/ (f5sive to ! ,ari/>*uses ( or?odoxy 9 t "t4 ,he 0 m>ri$ to a si/] ( ,dr4 ,george ,w4 ,be?une4 ,8 son1 g5]ally kn[n 9 our times z ,dr4 ,george ,duffield1 ,jr41 to di/+ui% him f 8 fa!r1 0 born 9 #ahah at ,c>lisle1 graduat$ at ,yale ,college 9 #ahcg1 & at ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y4 ,"o ( 8 pa/orates 0 9 ,brooklyn1 f #ahdj to #ahdg1 dur+ :i* 8 son1 ,samuel ,augu/us ,will\ghby1 0 born4 ,he is be/ kn[n z a hymn-writ]1 two ( 8 hymns be+ kn[n & lov$ :]ev] ! ,engli% language is spok54 ,!y are1 8,bless$ ,savi\r1 ,!e ,i love10 & 8,/& up1 /& up = ,jesus10 ! latt] be+ sugge/$ by ! dy+ words ( ,dudley ,tyng 9 #aheh4 ,samuel ,w4 ,duffield 0 ( ! six? ,am]ican g5]ation ( 8 family4 ,f 8 y\? he 0 a "y giant1 ) an inborn love ( active sports1 quick 9 movem5t1 & app>5tly incapable ( fatigue4 ,8 m9d %[$ equal vigor & fre%ness1 & he e>ly develop$ a passion = poetry4 ,by 8 t5? ye> he _h ma/]$ ,*auc]1 9 spite ( difficulties mu* m s]i\s to beg9n]s 9 ^? days ?an 9 our own4 ,& he v e>ly began to f9d expression = 8 own ideas 9 v]se4 ,he unit$ ) ! ,*ur* at ! age ( ?irte51 :5 8 fa!r 0 a pa/or 9 ,philadelphia1 be+ ! only "o :o did s at ! "t1 s t ! act 0 ! result ( p]sonal decision & n ( a revival excitem5t4 ,he graduat$ at ,yale 9 #ahfc2 & aft] tea*+ = a :ile1 he began ! /udy ( !ology "u ! c>e ( 8 gr&fa!r & 8 fa!r4 ,n until aft] he _h be5 lic5s$ to prea*1 & _h _h *>ge ( a mission 9 ,*icago1 did he pres5t himself z a /ud5t 9 ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y4 ,8 fir/ pa/orate 0 f #ahfg to #ahgj at ,tioga1 "o ( ! nor!rn suburbs ( ,philadelphia4 ,z he frequ5tly came to ! (fice ( ! ,am]ican ,presbyt]ian1 on :i* ,i 0 assi/+ ! late ,dr4 ,john ,w4 ,me>s1 ,i !n =m$ an acqua9tance ) him1 :i* rip5$ into a fri5d%ip t 0 to be lifelong1 & ,i hope ev5 long]4 ,he 0 an impressive figure1 ( m ?an ! ord9>y height1 & yet s massively built t he 0 se5 to be tall only :5 beside ano!r p]son4 ,8 mann] 0 *e]ful1 affectionate & buoyant1 giv+ evid5ce 9 v>i\s ways ( 8 ,fr5* desc5t4 ,8 "* 0 w9n+ & attractive by its op5ness1 & its entire fre$om f selfi%ness4 ,he 0 a man out ( ^: he>t ! *ild nev] di$1 & he c>ri$ ! fre%ness ( 8 boyhood's ye>s into ! mature pursuits ( 8 manhood4 ,our common love ( poetry & our dawn+ int]e/ 9 ,lat9 hymnology--he _h translat$ ,b]n>d ( ,cluny & 0 try+ 8 h& on ! ,dies ,irae 9 ^? days--drew u clos] toge!r & gave our fri5d%ip an intellectual int]e/4 ,:5 he left ,tioga = ,j]sey ,city our int]c\rse became m fragm5t>y1 b dur+ 8 pa/orate at ,ann ,arbor 7#ahga-gd7 x 0 r5ew$ by correspond5ce4 ,he felt himself especially at home 9 ! univ]sity city ( ,mi*igan1 ) a congregation compos$ l>gely ( ! /ud5ts4 ,"h he _h ! delight ( welcom+ ,dr4 ,george ,macdonald to 8 pulpit1 :5 ! poet visit$ ,am]ica 9 #ahgc4 ,he work$ h>d to h me call$ to ! ,*air ( ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan1 b did n succe$4 ,*icago1 #ahgd1 ,auburn1 #ahgf1 ,altoona1 #ahgh1 & ,bloomfield1 #ahhb1 7 8 subsequ5t pa/orates2 & 9 ,bloomfield he rema9$ until 8 dea?4 ,9 ?is ,new ,j]sey suburb ( ,new ,york ,city he seem$ to f9d himself especially at home4 ,x 0 inde$ ! home ( 8 e>ly boyhood1 = 8 fa!r _h be5 pa/or ( ! same *ur* f #ahdg to #aheb2 he well rememb]$ 8 playmates & s*oolmates1 & kept up 8 acqua9tance by correspond5ce & visits1 until he came among !m z _! pa/or4 ,he 0 ne> en\gh to ! great city to f9d easy access to its libr>ies1 especially ! ,a/or ,libr>y & t ( ,union ,sem9>y1 & to enjoy ! fri5d%ip ( s*ol>s ( ta/es simil> to 8 own1 especially t ( ,dr4 ,*>les ,s4 ,rob9son4 ,he f\nd a cong5ial p 9 8 congregation4 ,he took a lively int]e/ 9 matt]s relat+ to ! welf>e ( ! t[n1 0 an active memb] ( ! ,village ,improvem5t ,association1 labor$ h>d to e/abli% a public libr>y1 & help$ to set on foot a good weekly pap]4 ,he became ,*apla9 ( ! ,fire ,company1 & prea*$ a special s]mon e ye> to its memb]s4 ,he spoke always ) en?usiasm ( 8 new environm5t1 & seem$ to look =w>d to _m happy & useful ye>s !re4 ,8 home life1 ,i %all only say1 0 especially happy & helpful to him4 ,among 8 delights 0 to wat* ! dawn+ p[]s ( a daught]1 :o inh]its all h] fa!r's poetic gifts4 ,8 be/ poetical "w is /ill unpubli%$1 except su* p>ts ( x z h appe>$ 9 ! ,sunday-,s*ool ,times & o!r weeklies4 ,8 fir/ v5ture 0 ,! ,heav5ly ,l&1 f ! ,rhy?m ( ,b]n>d ( ,morlaix 7,new ,york1 #ahfg74 ,8 second & mo/ *>act]i/ic book 0 ,w>p & ,wo(3 ,a ,book ( ,v]se 7#ahfh71 9 :i* 8,und]graduate ,orioles0 & "s o!r pieces at once attract$ att5tion by _! felicit\s beauty & g5u95ess4 ,along ) 8 fa!r1 he prep>$ ,! ,burial ( ! ,dead 7#ahhb71 a manual = use at fun]als4 ,9 ! long int]val betwe5 ^! two dates he 0 already labor+ at 8 book on ! ,lat9 hymn-writ]s4 8,dur+ ! ye>s #ahhb-he10 writes ,miss ,day1 8^? ( u :o saw him mo/ frequ5tly on 8 way to & f ! ,new ,york libr>ies came to recognize a l>ge1 squ>e note-book & a gre5 clo? bag z 8 insep>able ,monday companions4 ,some?+ ( _! cont5ts we knew1 = ) 8 g5ial disposition he c\ld n refra9 f quot+ snat*es ( ! old ,lat9 hymns ) translations into musical ,engli%4 ,b no "o c\ld appreciate ! real wor? ( ! k conceal$ betwe5 clo? & bo>d z did ! /ud5t himself1 :o _h sp5t ! h\rs ( leisure snat*$ f pr(essional labors 9 ! libr>ies1 & among ,lat9 qu>tos & folios1 9 se>* ( ! mat]ials = 8 book4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( #ahhe ! ,lat9 hymn-writ]s 7 laid aside = a :ile to give "t = 8 "w on ,engli% ,hymns3 ,_! ,au?ors & ,hi/ory 7,new ,york3 ,funk ,wagnalls1 #ahhf710 :i* 0 sugge/$ by ! appe>ance ( ,dr4 ,rob9son's ,laudes ,dom9i 9 #ahhd1 & is ma9ly an acc\nt ( ! hymns includ$ 9 t "w1 & ( _! au?ors4 ,:5 ?is 0 f9i%$ he return$ to 8 opus magnum1 9 ! expectation ( hav+ x soon ready = ! press4 ,f our conf]5ces & correspond5ce ,i 0 l$ to hope = its e>ly appe>ance4 ,b ?is 0 n to be4 ,a failure ( ! vessels ( ! he>t1 evid5tly f "s con/itutional weakness1 z he _h be5 mak+ no special ex]tion :5 x %[$ itself1 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! end4 ,twelve we>y mon?s ( illness1 sp5t p>tly 9 ,bloomfield & p>tly at a wat]+-place1 to :i* he _h gone = *ange ( air1 7 foll[$ by 8 dea? on ,may #ab?1 #ahhg4 ,he di$ z he _h liv$1 9 ! full assurance ( ! ,gospel1 & look+ = life ev]la/+ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! news ( 8 dea? 0 receiv$ ) grief by ! :ole community1 especially by ! "y p1 ) :om he _h s lively a sympa?y4 ,! ,bloomfield ,fire ,company display$ _! flag at half-ma/1 plac$ a gu>d ( honor ov] 8 rema9s dur+ ! =ty h\rs !y lay at ! *ur*1 & att5d$ 8 fun]al 9 a body4 ,signs ( ! g5]al m\rn+ 7 se5 ev]y:]e1 & ! t[n felt x _h lo/ a public-spirit$ citiz51 :ile 8 *ur* _h lo/ a fai?ful & devot$ pa/or4 ,m+l$ ) memor&a = 8 book1 ,i f9d 9 8 note-books o!r indications ( ! bread? & en]gy ( 8 "w = ! spiritual & intellectual improvem5t ( 8 p1 especially ?r\gh 8 lectures be=e ! ,"y ,p's ,society ( ! ,we/m9/] ,*ur*4 ,9 ! city ( ! dead at ,detroit1 :]e 8 k9dr$ lie buri$1 !re /&s a memorial /one1 :i* be>s ! inscription3 ,,dilectissimus ,,eheu ,,praemissus ,,e/ ,,quanquam ,e ,,vitae ,,integrae ,,m$io ,,raptus ,,aevum ,,longissimum ,,p]egit ,,beato ,,illi ,,pat] ,,uxor ,,multis ,,cum ,,lacrimis ,,hoc ,,m>mor ,,d$icav]e ,beside him lies n[ ! mortal "p ( ! mu*-lov$ fa!r :o wrote ^! words4 ,dr4 ,george ,duffield ! y\ng] di$ ,july #f1 #ahhh4 ,,introduction4 ,! /udy ( ! ,lat9 hymns is s mu* a ?+ ( its own k9d t "o owes x to himself z well z to 8 read]s to beg9 at ! beg9n+4 ,?is beg9n+ 9 ! pres5t in/ance happ5$ to be on ! ,nor? ,riv]1 on a bright1 fre% ,april morn+ 9 ! ye> ( grace #ahhb4 ,x 0 at t "t1 ) ! cle> sky ov]head & ! he>ty breeze com+ full 9 our faces f ! ,n>r[s1 t my fri5d1 ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,n4 ,zabriskie1 ,d4,d41 broa*$ ! foll[+ proposition3 ,x 01 he said1 a matt] ( great surprise to him t no "o _h done = ! ,lat9 hymn-writ]s :at _h be5 done = ^? ( lat] date4 ,we _h _! hymns1 b = 8 "p he confess$ to a love = ! p]sonality ( ! poets !mselves1 & = ! circum/ances :i* conspir$ to produce _! poems4 ,n[1 if x seem$ good to myself1 :o _h already giv5 "t & /udy to ! hymns1 he w\ld gladly op5 ! columns ( ! ,*ri/ian ,intellig5c] 7! organ ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica7 to a s]ies ( articles be>+ su* a "*4 ,& !re & !n ! book began4 ,b my orig9al ideas modifi$ greatly z ,i w5t on4 ,9 place ( my ma/]+ ! subject1 ! subject ma/]$ me4 ,my previ\s /udies w5t = b v little1 & my confid5ce 9 my ability to prep>e ! articles )\t tak+ mu* "t f regul> & important duties dim9i%$ ) e numb]4 ,i f\nd myself on new gr\nd & 0 p]petually ref]r$ back to ! orig9al au?orities4 ,fr5* & ,g]man & ,lat9--,i _h to inve/igate !m all 9 ord] to satisfy t insatiate creature1 a s*ol>'s consci5ce4 ,i discov]$ t1 except = r>e & slight notices1 ?is sort ( "w _h nei!r be5 done nor 0 likely to be done1 & conf]5ces ) our be/ hymnologi/s only made me m int]e/$ 9 do+ x1 & do+ x z well z ,i c\ld4 ,d\btless ^? ^: specialities lie 9 m$iaeval days w f9d mu* to criticise1 b no "o c be a sev]] critic ?an myself accord+ to my means ( in=mation4 ,^! *apt]s1 l ?is ,introduction1 w be f\nd to be writt5 9 ! ,am]ican language4 ,_! purpose is to rea* ! popul> desire = bett] k1 & x w\ld be absurd to (f] ^! facts 9 any dry or p$antic /yle4 ,yet ! s*ol> & ! hymnologi/ w bo? f9d t a positive value & a c>eful accuracy atta* to ! "w t has be5 done4 ,i f\nd ,i c\ld take no?+ = grant$1 & ,i took no?+ = grant$4 ,ev5 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl9 & ! pr9cipal ( ,sackville ,college h _! idiosyncrasies & pr$ilections1 & a q easy way ( writ+ on ^! topics is to copy :at has be5 said already4 ,a v notable case to ! contr>y is ,"l ,selborne's spl5did article on 8,hymns0 9 ! new ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica4 ,!re=e life & song & color are n abs5t1 ,i tru/1 f ^! pages4 ,i %\ld n l to give all ! au?orities consult$ or rummag$ ?r\gh2 =1 inde$1 ,i h kept no record ( !m4 ,l ! fam\s sun-dial ,i h regi/]$ none b ! s]5e h\rs1 & _m a "t ! sc>ce & long-s\ght volume be=e me has be5 jejune en\gh4 ,:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 a book l ,morison's ,life ( ,/4 ,b]n>d has turn$ out to be precisely ! help ,i 0 seek+1 bright 9 its /yle & c>eful & orig9al 9 its rese>*es4 ,i h v]ifi$ its quotations too (t5 n to pay x at lea/ ?is fa9t tribute ( approval4 ,x w\ld be also beyond measure ungrateful 9 me if ,i did n "h ackn[l$ge ! k9dnesses ,i h receiv$ 9 ?is que/ aft] ! ,sangreal ( a true psalmody4 ,let me "n1 !n1 ! ,a/or ,libr>y4 ,its sup]9t5d5t1 ,mr4 ,little1 & its libr>ians1 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,saund]s 7au?or ( ,ev5+s ) ! ,sacr$ ,poets71 & 8 assi/ant1 ,mr4 ,bi]/adt1 h be5 uni=mly c\rte\s & oblig+4 ,s has be5 ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,*>les ,a4 ,briggs1 ,d4,d41 9 ^: c>e is ! f9e !ological libr>y ( ,union ,sem9>y4 ,s h be5 ! au?orities ( ! ,society ,libr>y 7,new ,york71 & ( ! ,philadelphia ,libr>y1 & ( ! ,bo/on ,a!naeum & ,public libr>ies4 ,p]sonally1 ,i am deeply indebt$ to ! culture & fri5d%ip ( ,miss ,m>ion ,l4 ,pelton1 ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,lit]ature 9 ,wellesley ,college1 :o has made = me _m valuable notes2 & to ! assi/ance & c\nsel ( ,pr(essor ,f4 ,a4 ,m>*1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ,f4 ,m4 ,bird1 ,pr(essor ,philip ,s*aff1 ,d4,d41 & ,judge ,w4 ,h4 ,arn\x4 ,x w be readily se5 t ,i h n conc]n$ myself ) ! matt] ( ! ho/ ( ,engli% translations1 or ) t ( ! comp>ison & criticism ( ! text ( ! hymns4 ,^! bran*es ( hymnology are 9 a sci5tific s5se ! mo/ valuable1 b 9 a popul> s5se !y are ! lea/ int]e/+4 ,& ,i c\ld n hope to rival1 f> less to equal1 su* illu/ri\s s*ol>%ip z t ( ,daniel or ,mone4 ,i h !re=e be5 cont5t to pipe to a less] re$1 & 9 a m famili> & gossip+ way to attempt ! hi/ory ( ! hymns4 ,& = ! re/ ,i c only add :at ,ma/] ,rob]t ,burton sai? 9 8 ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly3 8,if ?r\gh weakness1 folly1 passion1 ignorance1 ,i h said amiss1 let x be =gott5 & =giv54444 ,i e>ne/ly reque/ e private man1 z ,scalig] did ,c>dan1 n to take (f5ce4444 ,if ?\ knewe/ my mode/y & simplicity1 ?\ w\lde/ easily p>don & =give :at is "h amiss1 or by !e misconceiv$40 ,samuel ,will\ghby ,duffield4 ,bloomfield1 ,n4 ,j41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,lat9 ,,hymns4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,praise ,,s]vice ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,*ur*4 ,:5 our ,"l & ,8 disciples 8_h sung an hymn0 !y left ! place :]e !y _h obs]v$ ! passov]1 & w5t out to ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,?is hymn 0 ! 8,great ,hallel10 consi/+ ( ,psalms #aac to #aah inclusive4 ,! #aac? & #aad? 7 sung previ\s to ! fea/2 ! o!rs1 aft] x4 ,we ?us "k1 ) s+ul> accuracy1 :at 0 ! fir/ hymn ( praise 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! ess5ce ( ?is 8,hallel0 is ! ess5ce ( all true psalmody--tru/ & ?anksgiv+ & praise4 ,x may be said1 & ) tru?1 t ! ,magnificat ( ,m>y1 ! ,nunc ,dimittis ( old ,simeon1 &1 above all1 t ! ,gloria 9 ,excelsis ,deo ( ! angels at ,be?lehem1 ant$ate ?is hymn ( our ,"l & ,8 apo/les4 ,x may also be said1 & ) ! same tru?1 t ^! furni%$ to ! e>ly ,*ri/ians _! e>lie/ expressions ( praise4 ,b x appe>s t ! ,la/ ,supp]1 ) its pa!tic union ( ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian ideas1 0 also ! place at :i* ! ,psalms ( ,david & ! spiritual songs ( primitive ,*ri/ianity 7 unit$4 ,! ?\ght t ?is reveals is l>g] ?an ^! limits w p]mit u to discuss4 ,x is 9 brief t z ,jesus ,*ri/ came1 8n to de/roy1 b to fulfil10 ,he design$ to %[ to ,8 ,*ur* t gratitude1 love1 tru/1 & adoration 7 to be comb9$ 9 all future psalmody4 ,! t'hillim ( ! ,jew 7 to become ! hymni ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,! noticeable fact rema9s t ! e>ly ,*ur* only caught ! simple/ & mo/ f]v5t =ms ( ?is wor%ip4 ,_! pure v5]ation ( ! ,"l l$ ,pl9y to write 7,ep4 #aj3ig7 t !y 8sung alt]nately among !mselves a hymn to ,*ri/ z ,god0--c>m5 ,*ri/o quasi ,deo1 dic]e secum invicem4 ,x is ?is lov+ devotion :i* *>ms u z we read ^? v]ses :i* h be5 pres]v$4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! subjects are limit$4 ,we c\ld naturally expect t1 be+ l>gely drawn f ,jewi% s\rces1 !y w\ld express gratitude & adoration--& ?is is correct4 ,*ryso/om decl>$ t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians sung at pray]s 9 ! morn+1 at _! "w1 & v usually at _! meals4 ,j]ome1 writ+ to ,m>cellus1 says--& we quote ,cave's translation = its qua9tness--8,y c\ld n g into ! field b y might he> ! ,pl\ghman at 8 ,hallelujahs1 ! ,m[] at 8 ,hymns1 & ! ,v9e-dress] s++ ,david's ,psalms40 ,9 fact1 ,*ri/ian song 0 a notable feature ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,! language ( ^! hymns 0 ei!r ,syriac or ,greek4 ,by degrees ! ,greek obta9$ ! prec$5ce2 & z ! ,lat9 hymns did n arise until ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s 7f\r? c5tury71 ! p]iod betwe5 ! ,asc5sion & t era belongs to ! ,greek language r m ?an to any o!r4 ,we also "k f ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s "s v important facts1 :i* may prop]ly be classifi$ at ?is po9t4 #a4 ,!re 7 ?ree t]ms = ! sacr$ song4 ,x might be a psalm1 or a hymn1 or a spiritual song1 z we discov] f ,ephesians #e3ai & ,colossians #c3af4 #b4 ,f #a ,cor9?ians #ad3bc-cc1 x seems pla9 t ! composition1 z well z ! s++ ( ^! hymns & songs1 might be ! result ( sudd5 emotion or inspiration4 ,9 any case1 !re is no d\bt 7= ,t]tullian decisively /ates x7 t ! 8extempore10 or1 m /rictly1 8private0 au?or%ip ( su* psalmody 0 n uncommon4 ,! c\ncil ( ,laodicea 7circa ,a4,d4 #cfj7 int]dict$ private p]sons f ?is privilege4 ,ev5 9 ,paul's "t x w\ld appe> to h produc$ an effect ak9 to ! 8spirituals0 ( our own fre$m5--mu* ( x be+ exquisite 9 its simple devotion1 :ile a c]ta9 %>e (f5d$ good ta/e1 & h9d]$ ! propriety & solemnity ( wor%ip4 #c4 ,! alt]nation ( pray] ) praise 0 nev] bett] illu/rat$ ?an :5 ,paul & ,silas 7,acts #af3be7 s5t up _! midnight an!ms f t 8inn] prison10 :ile _! feet 7 8made fa/ 9 ! /ocks40 ,?is alt]nation 0--z ! ,fa!rs assure u--! ord] 9 public wor%ip also4 #d4 ,we h receiv$ 9 ! v pages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t "s ( ^! e>lie/ hymns4 ,to say no?+1 at pres5t1 ( ^? great lead+ *ants :i* be> ! names ( ! angels1 & ( ,m>y1 & ( ,za*>ias1 & ( ,simeon--& to pass ov] all ^? ( ,jewi% orig9--we h /ill left u su* a /ra9 z t 9 ,acts #d3bd-cj4 ,"h we h an impulse :i* expresses itself 9 reply to ,pet] & ,john by sacr$ song4 ,ephesians #e3ad has also be5 consid]$ to be su* a fragm5t3 8,awake1 ,o ?\ t sleepe/6 ,ar\se !e f ! dead6 ,& ,*ri/ %all give to !e ,enlight5m5t60 ,s too #a ,timo?y #c3af has be5 arrang$ by "s s*ol>s z ?\gh x 7 a well-kn[n /rophe ! ,apo/le quot$3 8,:o--= ! my/]y is great-- ,0 manife/ 9 body1 ,0 ju/ifi$ 9 _s1 ,0 visible to angels1 ,0 h]ald$ to hea!n1 ,0 tru/$ on ! e>?1 ,0 tak5 up to glory40 ,nor is ?is ! only in/ance 9 ?is v ,epi/le1 = #a ,timo?y #f3ae1 #af1 reads3 8,! k+ ( all ! k+ly ones1 ,! "l ( all ! lordly ones1 ,:o only ha? ! p[] ( life immortal2 ,inhabit+ ! unapproa*able light2 ,:om nev] any "o ( m5 ha? se51 ,nor ev] c behold2 ,let glory & et]nal /r5g? be 86 ,am560 #e4 ,:51 n[1 we complete our ,new ,te/am5t m5tion ( ?is praise--:i* cl+s l inc5se to ! temple-curta9s & sweetly p]fumes ! place--we h only to add ! e>lie/ receiv$ an!ms4 ,^! are ! ,magnificat 7,luke #a3df-ee72 ! ,b5$ictus 7,luke #a3fh-gi72 ! ,gloria 9 ,excelsis ,deo 7,luke #b3ah72 & ! ,nunc ,dimittis 7,luke #b3bi-cb74 ,x w be obs]v$ t all ^! are d]iv$ f a s+le gospel1 :]e91 m ?an 9 any o!r1 ! 8sweet1 sad music ( humanity0 c mo/ readily be f\nd4 ,x is natural1 too1 t ! pa9t] & physician1 ,luke1 %\ld h a poetic e> :i* c\ld cat*--z 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les--?is fa9te/ & e>lie/ praise4 ,!re 71 inde$1 9 ! primitive *ur*1 eight ( ^! classic expressions ( wor%ip4 ,^! are3 7#a7 ,! ,less] ,doxology 7,gloria ,patri71 8,glory be to ! ,fa!r1 & to ! ,son1 & to ! ,holy ,gho/40 7#b7 ,! ,great] ,doxology 7,gloria 9 ,excelsis71 8,glory be to ,god on high1 & on e>? peace10 etc4 ,?is 0 also call$ ! ,angelical ,hymn4 7#c7 ,! ,t] ,sanctus 7! *]ubical hymn71 8,holy1 holy1 holy1 ,"l ,god ,almighty40 7#d7 ,! ,hallelujah4 ,?is 8,alleluia1 ,am560 0 ! response ( ! *ur*4 7#e7 ,! ,ev5+ ,hymn 7conta9+ ! ,nunc ,dimittis74 7#f7 ,! ,b5$icite4 ,! 8,song ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr510 :i* is tak5 f ! ,apocrypha1 & :i* appe>s 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur* 7,ord] = ,morn+ ,pray]7 z1 8,o all ye works ( ! ,"l10 etc4 7#g7 ,! ,magnificat4 ,nam$--z ^! are all nam$--f ! fir/ ^w ( ! ,lat9 ,vulgate v]sion4 7#h7 ,! ,te ,deum1 8,we praise ,!e1 ,o ,god1 we ackn[l$ge ,!e to be ! ,"l10 etc4 ,we c feel q sure t ! ,lat9 ,*ur* m]ely borr[$ ^! hymns f ! e>lie/ =ms ( ! ,greek4 ,! ,te ,deum 0 probably translat$ f t language1 ei!r by ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s or by an unkn[n au?or ( t date4 ,x is1 und\bt$ly1 a close r5d]+ ( _m phrases & expressions :i* are common to ! ,greek hymns1 &1 if ! le>n$ hymnologi/ ,h4 ,a4 ,daniel is to be cr$it$ 7,!saurus ,hymnologicus ,,ii4 #bhi71 x is a real & lit]al translation ( an actual *ant ( praise ( great antiquity4 ,8 words are ^!3 8,to give y my op9ion briefly1 ! ,te ,deum1 equally ) ! ,angelic ,hymn 7to :i* x is v simil> 9 =m & expression71 0 born 9 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 :5ce x has be5 translat$ into ! ,lat9 tongue40 ,he !n proce$s to cite an anci5t ,greek hymn1 five l9es ( :i* are exact ) ! ,lat94 ,9 #b ,timo?y #b3aa-ac ! 8fai?ful say+0 has be5 int]pret$ to be a simil> quotation f "o ( ^! anci5t hymns3 8,= if we are dead toge!r1 ,we %all live toge!r2 ,if we s]ve toge!r1 ,we %all reign toge!r2 ,if we %\ld d5y ,him1 ,he w d5y u too2 ,if we %\ld be fai?less1 ,he is fai?ful /ill40 ,x does n1 ( c\rse1 absolutely foll[ t ^! are really su* fragm5ts ( hymns z s*ol>s h suppos$4 ,! late ,dr4 ,lyman ,coleman--a man ( great practical good judgm5t--comm5ts ^u ^! citations ?us3 8,! argum5t is n conclusive2 & all ! le>n$ criticism1 ! tal5t1 & ! ta/e1 t h be5 employ$ on ?is po9t1 leave u little else ?an unc]ta9 conjecture on :i* to build an hypo!sis40 7,primitive ,*ur*1 p4 #cff47 ,yet ! late/ s*ol>%ip t5ds s /rongly 9 ?is direction1 & ! int]nal evid5ce is s good & fair1 t x may be reg>d$ z pretty well affirm$ & accept$4 ,no "o1 = example1 w\ld ?9k ( comp>+ su* passages z ^! ) ! anti!tic prose ( ,romans #c3ba-bc2 or ) ! magnific5t unrhy?mic utt]ance 9 ,romans #h3ch1 #ci2 or ) ! c>eful p>ticul>ity ( #b ,cor9?ians #f3d-aj4 ,!y are se5 & felt to be diff]5t bo? 9 tone & 9 =m4 ,9 ! ,apocalypse1 :]e ! language is naturally exalt$ & poetic1 sev]al su* in/ances h be5 not$4 ,!y are3 ,revelation #a3d-h2 #e3i1 #aj1 #ab-ad2 #aa3ae1 #ag1 #ah2 #ae3c1 #d2 #ba3aj-ad1 & #bb3ag4 ,( "o ( ^!--! 8,song ( ,moses & ( ! ,lamb0--we may be reasonably c]ta93 8,great are ,?y works & /range1 ,"l ,god1 ,?\ ,rul] ( all6 ,& j are ,?y ways1 & true1 ,?\ ,k+ ( ! nations ( e>?4 ,= :o %all n fe> ,!e1 ,"l1 ,& give to ,?y "n ! praise1 ,= holy art ,?\ alone6-- ,to ,!e %all ! nations come ,& wor%ip be=e ,?y face2 ,= all ( ,?y righte\s acts ,%all !n be op5ly kn[n60 ,9 ! same mann] may be writt5 ! /anza f ,revelation #bb3ag3 8,& ! ,_s & ! ,bride-- ,are say+1 #8,come6' ,& he t he>e?-- ,let him say1 #8,come6' ,& he t ?ir/e?-- ,let him come6 ,& he t wille?-- ,let him receive1 ,freely1 ! wat] ( life60 ,we h also a positive acqua9tance ) ! ord] ( religi\s wor%ip 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*1 dat+ back "o h>dly kn[s h[ f>1 b def9itely lead+ u into ! cu/om ( ! fir/ ?ree c5turies4 ,public s]vices began1 & 7 cont9u$1 z foll[s3 ,fir/1 ,pray]--or1 possibly1 a ,salutation or ,invocation1 su* z is 9 common use to-day4 ,!n ! ,read+ ( ,scripture4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t & ,new ,te/am5t 7 bo? employ$3 ! "o be+ exp\nd$ to apply to ! case ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 & ! o!r = h] com=t1 enc\ragem5t1 & edification4 ,!n foll[$ ! ,hymns & ,psalms4 ,! di/9ction appe>s to h be5 t ! psalms 7 ^? ( ,david2 ! hymns1 su* z ! song ( ,m>y1 or ( ! angels2 & ! spiritual songs1 su* z 7 compos$ by private p]sons1 or :i* sprang up spontane\sly 9 a k9d ( *ant4 ,t ?is 0 liable to abuse1 & might cause confusion1 is made evid5t by ,paul's advice to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,betwe5 ^! acts ( praise 0 int]polat$ "s brief ,scripture lesson4 ,&1 v likely1 a consid]able portion ( "t 0 tak5 up by ?is "p ( ! s]vice4 ,!n came ! ,s]mon1 :i* 0 succe$$ by a ,pray]4 ,ano!r "q n[ meets u1 & "o ( "s importance3 ,did ! e>ly ,*ri/ians employ any musical in/rum5ts8 ,9 reply1 x c be not$ t 1 8to make melody0 7,eph4#e3ai71 is usually tak5 to ref] to a musical accompanim5t4 ,9 ,romans #ae3i x is a quotation f ,psalm #ah3ej1 :]e x means1 8,i w s+ psalms40 ,9 #a ,cor9?ians #ae3ae 78,i w s+ ) ! _s1 & ,i w s+ ) ! und]/&+ also07 & 9 ,james #e3ac 78,is any m]ry8 let him s+ psalms07 we h no?+ decisive except t we "k t ! ,jewi% me?od ( 8s++ psalms0 0 to ! accompanim5t ( musical in/rum5ts4 ,?us1 ) all ^! texts be=e u1 we are n able ei!r to affirm or d5y ! fact4 ,! ref]5ce ( ,paul 7#a ,cor4 #ad3g7 to ! pipe 71 flute7 & h>p 71 lute7 gives u no assi/ance4 ,! 8h>p0 ( ,revelation #e3h1 #ad3b1 & #ae3b1 is ! ci?>a or lute aga92 b nei!r does ?is tell u :at ! e>ly ,*ri/ians did or did n d4 ,! inf]5ce is pretty /rong t !y avoid$ "s ?+s t 7 ,jewi%--& in/rum5tal music 0 a m>k$ feature 9 ! ,jew's wor%ip--b x is pla9 t 7z ) ! ,sabba? "q7 !re 0 a great deal ( bl5d+ at ! edges betwe5 ! two disp5sations4 ,we are told1 moreov]1 t ! ,syriac ,*ur* has always be5 ri* 9 tunes1 hav+ fully two hundr$ & sev5ty-five1 :ile ! ,greek 0 conf9$ to ab\t eight4 ,!re is ano!r fact :i* comes 9 j "h1 h[ev]1 to expla9 :at we w\ld o!rwise f9d x h>d to unriddle4 ,x is ! matt] ( ! v language ( ! hymns !mselves4 ,:5 we obs]ve ! places :]e ^! fragm5ts occur1 or :]e s++ 9 ! *ur* is m5tion$1 we f9d t ! language naturally is ,greek4 ,no "o d\bts t ,luke & ! o!r ,new ,te/am5t writ]s employ$ ! tongue :i* 0 ! educat$ & flexible m$ium ( convey+ ! l(tie/ tru?2 nor t ,ephesians or ,cor9?ians *ant$ 9 ,greek4 8,! ,greek tongue10 say ,conybe>e & ,h[son 7,/4 ,paul1 #a3aj71 8became to ! ,*ri/ian m ?an x _h be5 to ! ,roman or ! ,jew40 ,x l5ds itself mo/ readily to t di?yrambic %ape 9 :i* highly emotional natures c\ld be/ express _! praise4 ,s ! irregul>ity ( ! v]se2 its utt] lack ( metrical =m 7z ,dr4 ,neale f\nd :5 he exam9$ eighte5 qu>to volumes ( x71 & its simplicity ( diction1 all comb9$ to put ! in/rum5tal accompanim5t aside4 ,p]haps !re 0 a prejudice--z ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* affirms--aga9/ a di/9ctively ,jewi% me?od4 ,p]haps !re 0 a disposition 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r matt]s :]e art _h p]v]t$ ! morals ( m51 to oppose :atev] look$ t[>d a possible laxity4 ,music & banquet+1 music & luxury1 music & pr(ligacy1 w5t toge!r s mu* t ! e>ly ,*ur* react$ to ! extreme ( ,puritanism--=gett+ t h] ,"l & ,ma/] _h (t5 wor%ipp$ 9 ! full-*oir$ temple itself4 ,9 ! catacombs1 :]e e mann] ( ord9>y symbol may be f\nd1 !re is nei!r pipe nor h>p1 nor any sort ( musical in/rum5t--! lyre alone except$4 ,b nei!r is !re any condesc5sion to beauty 9 =m or color4 ,ev]y?+ betok5s a rude1 uncultivat$ simplicity--a piety :i* cont5t$ itself ) ! b>e/ & meag]e/ repres5tations4 ,x rose high en\gh to portray ! face ( ,*ri/1 9 ! anci5t cemet]y ( ,domitilla1 & 9 "o c>v+ on a s>cophagus ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,&1 rememb]+ h[ repugnant any?+ hea!ni% 0 to ! s\ls ( ^? :o associat$ pipe & tabret & h>p ) ! bloody ar5a & ! wild revelry ( ,rome1 c we d\bt :y !y m+l$ only _! unassi/$ voices 9 ^! *ants ( praise8 ,x c be positively add$ t ,ambrose1 ,basil1 & ,*ryso/om d n include in/rum5tal music 9 _! eulogies ( ! ,*ur*'s practice ^u ?is !me4 ,we are ju/ifi$1 h[ev]1 9 go+ "o /ep beyond ?is bald /atem5t1 t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians sang toge!r4 ,!y sang secum invicem1 alt]nately4 ,! quotations already giv5 %[ ! adaptation ( _! hymns to ?is use4 ,9 ?is1 at lea/1 !y 7 foll[+ ! ,jewi% habit ( responses & "p-s++1 :atev] o!r *anges _! pov]ty or prejudices or pr9ciples or p]secutions might h produc$4 ,x rema9s = u to speak ( ! anci5t hymns :i* h come d[n to our day4 ,we h "s in=mation z to ,h>monius & ,b>desanes1 :o wrote ,syriac hymns 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 b ! hymns !mselves are ei!r lo/ or unid5tifi$4 ,ephrem ,syrus 7di$ #cgh7 furni%es ! e>lie/ au!ntic hymns 9 t language4 ,"o ( ^! 7,daniel1 ,!saurus ,hymnologicus1 ,,iii4 #ade7 is on ! ,nativity ( our ,"l1 & may be ?us r5d]$1 foll[+ ,z+]le's ,g]man v]sion3 8,into 8 arms ) t5d] love ,did ,joseph take 8 holy son1 ,& wor%ipp$ him z ,god1 & saw ,! babe l any little "o4 ,8 he>t rejoic$ above him !re1 ,= n[ ! only ,good _h bir?2 ,& pi\s fe> ^u him came ,be=e ?is ,judge ( all ! e>?4 ,oh1 :at a l(ty wond]6 8,:o gave me !n ?is preci\s ,son ,( highe/ ,god1 to be my *ild8 ,= ,i aga9/ ?y "m "h ,_h almo/ be5 by zeal beguil$2 ,& ,i _h ?\ght to ca/ h] (f-- ,alas1 ,i saw n truly !n ,h[ 9 h] bosom %e %\ld be> ,! co/lie/ treasure kn[n to m51 ,to make my pov]ty1 s soon1 ,! ri*e/ lot 9 mortal k56 8,david1 t k+ ( anci5t days1 ,my ance/or1 _h plac$ ! cr[n ,on 8 own head1 & !re x lay2 ,b ,i sank deep & fur!r d[n3 ,i 0 no k+1 b 9 its /ead ,a c>p5t]1 & t alone4 ,b n[ may cr[n my br[ aga9 ,t :i* befits a k+ly ?rone1 ,= "h ^u my bosom lies ,! ,"l ( lords1 my v own60 ,!re is a trifle ( d\bt z to :i* is ! v olde/ ,greek hymn4 ,"o cit$ by ,basil 7di$ #cgi71 8 0--4 4 4 has be5 by "s consid]$ ! mo/ anci5t1 & is kn[n to u z1 8,hail1 gladd5+ ,light40 ,x is wrongly cr$it$ to ,a!nag5es 7di$ #afi71 = ,basil explicitly d5ies t au?or%ip4 ,t :i* x is safe/ = u to receive is "o f\nd 9 ! works ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 & by him ascrib$ to an e>li] au?or4 ,x 0 probably compos$ ab\t #bjj ,a4,d42 & :ile x is too long to quote1 x may be *>act]iz$ z di?yrambic1 & almo/ ,anacreontic1 9 rhy?m4 ,x beg9s3 8 40--4 4 4 & is kn[n z 8,%eph]d ( ,t5d] ,y\?10 f its be/ ,engli% v]sion1 by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,h4 ,m4 ,dext]1 ( ,bo/on4 ,! is also accessible 9 ,longfell['s beautiful translation 9 ! ,gold5 ,leg5d1 comm5c+1 8,o gladsome light40 ,z we turn ! pages on :i* ,daniel & ,mone h record$ ^! hymns ( ! e>lie/ age ( ! ,*ur*1 we obs]ve t !y are ei!r 9 praise ( ,*ri/ or ( ,god1 or are songs ( wor%ip = ! morn+ or ! ev5+4 ,_! simplicity is admirable4 ,"h is "o call$ --an 8,e*o0--lit]ally r5d]$3 8,we :o h ris5 f our sleep ,wor%ip be=e !e1 ,o ,good ,"o4 ,&1 ( ! angels ! hymn ,we cry al\d to !e1 ?\ ,mighty ,"o2 ,holy1 holy art ?\1 ,o ,god1 ,& ( ?y m]cy h pity on u6 8,f my c\* & f my sleep ,?\ ha/ rais$ me1 ,o ,"l2 ,enlight5 my m9d & my he>t1 ,& op5 ?\ my lips ,to praise !e1 ,holy ,tr9ity1 ,holy1 holy1 holy art ?\6 8,sudd5ly %all come ! ,judge1 ,& ! de$s ( ea* %all be laid b>e2 ,b gu>d u f fe> 9 ! mid/ ( ! night1 ,holy1 holy1 holy art ?\60 ,ano!r ( ^! unplac$1 anonym\s1 & possibly v anci5t hymns1 may be giv5 9 full = comp>ison3 8 1 1 1 2 1 2 8 1 1 40 8,o s\l ( m9e1 ,o s\l ( m9e1 ,arise1 :y sleepe/ ?\8 ,! end ( e>? is draw+ ne> ,& art ?\ fe>ful n[8 ,be sob] !re=e1 ,o my s\l1 ,t ,he :o fille? space ,& fille? "t1 our ,savi\r1 ,god1 ,may sp>e !e by ,8 grace40 ,& ?is beautiful little doxology3 8,my hope is ,god1 ,my refuge is ! ,"l1 ,my %elt] is ! ,holy ,gho/2 ,be ?\1 ,o ,holy ,?ree1 ador$60 ,9 su* sweet & simple language did ! e>ly ,*ri/ians s+ _! 8praise to ,*ri/1 z ,god40 ,!y und]/ood ! true mean+ ( a hymn z ,ambrose & ,/4 ,b]n>d also und]/ood x--& z ,gregory ,nazianz5 & ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor nev] knew x at all4 ,9 #ahff ,pr(essor ,coppe c\ld truly decl>e t !re 0 no collection ( sacr$ v]se 9 :i* ?is ?\ght ( adoration & ( wor%ip 0 8! lead+ feature40 ,x is bett] n[2 b ev5 to-day !re is an honor$ place = any book ( praise 9 :i* ! =mal & didactic %all be done away1 & :]e no?+ %all be f\nd b ! pure rev]5ce ( a lov+ & tru/+ s\l4 ,( old1 9 ! temple1 !re 0 kept--said ! rabb9s--a flute ( re$1 pla9 & /raight & simple1 b ( m>vell\s sweetness4 ,x came d[n f ,moses' day4 ,b ! k+ comm&$ 8 goldsmi?s to cov] & adorn x ) gold & gems4 ,&1 lo1 ! sweetness ( ! re$ flute 0 =ev] gone6 ,?us1 p]*ance1 9 our lat] art & our fooli% wisdom1 x may be we h (t5 spoil$ ! anci5t hymns6 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,lat9 ,,hymns4 ,! g5ealogy ( ! song ( praise 9 ! m$iaeval & mod]n ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is bo? simple & beautiful4 ,x beg9s f> back1 z we h se51 9 ! *ants & psalms ( ! ,hebrew4 ,!n x *anges to ! ,syriac & ! ,greek4 ,!n x em]ges into ! ,lat94 ,next x is caught up 9 ! old ,high-,g]man poetry1 & at l5g? x becomes ! mod]n ,engli% hymn4 ,! l9e ( direct desc5t is l t ( "s high & puissant family ^: inh]itance is transf]r$ n[ to "o bran* & n[ to ano!r1 b ^: noble l9eage is nev] lo/4 ,:5 ! read] or ! wor%ipp] is attract$ to-day by "s anci5t hymn-writ]'s "n1 he naturally asks = in=mation4 ,he is aw>e t hymnology is call$ a bran* ( /udy1 l any o!r s*ola/ic pursuit4 ,he is also aw>e t ! m usual ,engli% & ,g]man hymns h _! hi/orians1 &1 to a limit$ degree1 t !y h be5 analyz$1 classifi$1 comp>$1 & _! text settl$4 ,ev5 _! impell+ causes & surr\nd+s are kn[n1 z 9 ! case ( ! t\*+ lyrics ( ,george ,neum>k & ,paul ,g]h>dt1 or ! pa!tic /ra9s ( ,c[p]1 or ! /irr+ notes ( ,*>les ,wesley4 ,b occasionally a bird ( /range plumage flies across ?is peaceful sky or p]*es & s+s 9 ^! religi\s groves4 ,! "n ( "s ,greek fa!r--an ,anatolius or a ,john ( ,damascus--appe>s z ! orig9al au?or4 ,! hymn-horizon wid5s out to an e>li] age4 ,:5 "o s+s ! ,te ,deum ,laudamus1 he discov]s t x has its antec$5t 9 ! ,greek liturgy4 ,& :5 he employs t f9e v]sion ( ,bi%op ,patrick1 8,o ,god1 we praise ,!e & confess10 he is put ^u a track ( inquiry by :i* he disc]ns an ev5 e>li] r5d]+ 9 ! olde/ pray]-books1 beg9n+-- 8,we praise ,!e1 ,god1 we k ,!e ,! only ,"l to be40 ,^! little h9ts & /ray gleams ( outlook ?r\gh ! mi/s ( un9=mation are int5sely allur+4 ,& :5 by "s happy *ance x is le>n$ t ?is old ,lat9 sequ5ce is traditionally ascrib$ to ,ambrose1 ,bi%op ( ,milan2 :5 x is accr$it$ to ! spontane\s utt]ance ( ,augu/9e & 8 great preceptor at ! "t ( ,augu/9e's baptism2 :5 x is not$ z a d]ivative f t ,greek psalmody :5ce ! holy ,ambrose obta9$ s _m ( 8 hymns2 & :5 x op5s ?us a door into ! heav5 ( ! e>li] wor%ip ( ! ,*ur*1 !n inde$ ! read] is proportionately /imulat$ to fur!r "q4 ,= ! mo/ "p x w be f\nd t ! ,lat9 language conta9s ! be/ ( ! ,greek1 & ! inspiration ( ! majority ( ! fir/ ,g]man hymns4 ,9 ! dead ark ( ! ,middle ,ages 0 kept ?is rod t budd$ & ?is gold5 pot ) its sacr$ heav5ly food4 ,x is amaz+ t ?is treasure has be5 s well pres]v$1 b x is none ! less c]ta9 t we n[ h x safely1 nev] to be lo/ aga94 ,!re are no ,lat9 hymns--let u "h say--e>li] ?an ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s 7di$ #cff74 ,8 ,hymn>ium has p]i%$1 & all b "o ( ! compositions attribut$ to himself are d\btful4 ,! 8ev5+-song0 :i* he s5t to 8 daught] ,abra1 :ile he 0 9 exile among ! foll[]s ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 =ms ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ,greek & ,lat9 hymnody4 ,! true hymn--a diff]5t ?+ f ! rhy?mic b unmetrical sequ5ce--"h takes its rise4 ,9 ?is small1 pure f\nta9-head reappe> ! p]colat+ praises ( ! two previ\s c5turies4 ,! %ort l9es drop ) a g5tle t9kl+ melody ^u ! e>4 ,z yet !re is no rhyme1 al?\gh !re is an occasional light5+ ( ! lyric by "s su* v]bal art4 ,b ) ,ambrose ! full /ream beg9s to sweep along4 ,!re c be no d\bt t _m unga!r$ & traditional /anzas 7 9 8 "t discov]able 9 ! ,*ur*--mu* z x c be obs]v$ t phrases 9 pray] or 9 exhortation are ! inh]itance ( our own g5]ation f days ( /ruggle & ( trial among our ,*ri/ian ance/ors4 ,& :at bett] c\ld a beleagu]$ bi%op d1 :5 he 0 %ut up 9 a *ur* 8= ! ^w ( ,god & ! te/imony ( ,jesus ,*ri/10 ?an to collate ^! old hymns8 ,twelve possibly--eight1 or less1 ) mod]ate c]ta9ty--c be reg>d$ z ( 8 own composition4 ,! re/ ( ! n9ety or a hundr$ are commonly receiv$ z 8,ambrosian10 s9ce !y %>e 8 _s & p>take 9 "s degree ( 8 me?od4 ,! rules ( ! ,v5]able ,b$e are n infallible1 & mod]n criticism frequ5tly rejects :at ! e>ly collectors are dispos$ to assign to ?is s+le illu/ri\s s\rce4 ,augu/9e wrote no actual hymns1 b he 0 ! cause ( hymns 9 o!rs--z1 notably1 9 ! case ( ,c>d9al ,pet] ,damiani4 ,! ,ambrosian music & ! ,augu/9ian !ology s]v$ = inspiration to _m lat] m54 ,yet ! assignm5t ( ^! ,lat9 hymns to _! prop] au?ors is1 at ! be/1 a mo/ prec>i\s und]tak+4 ,a few1 quot$ or m5tion$ by compet5t witnesses--z :5 ,augu/9e quotes ,ambrose--seem duly au!ntic4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 a r>e occurr5ce4 ,g5]ally we proce$ ^u ! m]e dictum ( ! fir/ compil]s--especially ( ,?omasius1 ,george ,fabricius1 & ,cli*tove4 ,^! e>ly compilations are suffici5tly sc>ce4 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,h4 ,ad4 ,daniel gives a li/ ( "s :i*1 except = ! books ( 8! v5]able ,?ilo0 9 ! ,yale ,libr>y1 are beyond ! rea* ( ,am]ican /ud5ts4 ,dat+ f #adib & runn+ into ! fir/ decade ( ! sixte5? c5tury !re 7 _m 8,expositions0 ( hymns1 ( :i* ! "w ( ,cli*tove 7,basle1 #aeag7 rema9s to u 9 ! greate/ numb] ( editions4 ,up to ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury ?is book 0 practically indisp5sable to any correct k ( ! orig9al texts4 ,s9ce t "t x1 z well z e simil> "w1 has receiv$ att5tion1 & its cont5ts h be5 (t5 reproduc$4 ,o!r & lat] labor]s are su* z ,c>d9al ,?omasius 7,rome1 #agda71 :o foll[s ^u ! traces ( ,george ,cass&]1 ! ,lib]al ,ca?olic 7,p>is1 #afaf74 ,we are possibly m indebt$ to ,cass&] ?an to ,?omasius = ! correct designation ( a good deal ( ! au?or%ip4 ,bo? ( ^! editors collate ! text ) o!r v]sions1 & ?us prep>e ! way = lat] & m accurate "w4 ,bo? dep5d to a notable degree ^u ! book ( ,george ,fabricius 7,basle1 #aefd71 :i* is q r>e2 al?\gh ,?omasius' works are said by ,daniel to be suffici5tly uncommon 9 ,g]many1 z !y c]ta9ly are 9 ,am]ica4 ,! rec5t republication ( ! ,moz>abic ,brevi>y 9 ,j4 ,p4 ,migne's ,patrologia br+s ?is volume1 h[ev]1 )9 easy rea*4 ,?us we are naturally l$ to speak ( ! s\rces ( ! hymns !mselves--s\rces f :i* ^! editors h secur$ !m4 ,z a "p ( religi\s wor%ip !y 7 incorporat$ into ! v>i\s brevi>ies1 ( :i* hundr$s mu/ h be5 9 use be=e ! unification begun by ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,besides ^! *ur* books1 !re 7 collections ( hymns alone made by m$iaeval s*ools1 ^: manuscripts /ill exi/ 9 ,european libr>ies4 ,! only me?od by :i* to asc]ta9 ! numb] & ext5t ( ^! treasures 0 to ga!r & classify !m4 ,& /rangely en\gh ?is labor has be5 p]=m$ by ,prote/ants r ?an by ,ca?olics4 ,cass&]'s book 0 =bidd5 at ,rome1 z he 0 :at n[ w\ld be call$ an ,old ,ca?olic2 ,lu!r1 ,george ,fabricius1 & ,h]mann ,bonn 7 9 no bett] odor ( sanctity2 & = our own times ! /&>d "w is t ( ,h]man ,adelb]t ,daniel1 :o 0 a ,lu!ran pr(essor at ,halle1 :ile close beh9d him come sev]al o!rs ( ! same religi\s belief4 ,! necess>y & highly difficult task ( gett+ ! mat]ials toge!r has be5 exhau/ively p]=m$4 ,pr(essor ,daniel's inve/igations ext5d$ to ! orig9al copies 9 mona/]ies & abbeys almo/ )\t numb]4 ,b ,f4 ,j4 ,mone enl>g$ ev5 ^u ?is4 ,daniel's ,!saurus 9 five volumes 0 complet$ 9 #ahef--;hav+ be5 sev]al ye>s 9 c\rse ( publication--& x /&s z yet unrivall$4 ,mone's ,late9is*e ,hymn5 des ,mittelalt]s appe>$ 9 #ahec-ee1 & 0 !re=e available = ! conclusion ( ,daniel's great "w4 ,its value consi/s 9 ! fact t x is d]iv$ exclusively f manuscripts & f mat]ial hi!rto unt\*$4 ,! ,g]mans1 inde$1 h made ,lat9 hymnology a special bran* ( /udy1 consid]+ t x is pr(itable to !m = its value religi\sly & hi/orically4 ,f old ,flacius ,illyricus' app5dix to ! ,catalogus ,te/ium ,v]itatis has be5 recov]$ ! orig9al ( ,b]n>d ( ,cluny's 8,j]usalem ! ,gold50--a poem :i* w\ld nev] h be5 kn[n by u if ?is same ,mat?ias ,flacius _h n pres]v$ x z a te/imony aga9/ ! corrupt /ate ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we mu/ !n add ! ,g]man names ( ,s*loss]1 & ,simrock1 & ,=tlage1 & ,/adelmann1 & ,jacob ,grimm1 & ,knigsfeld1 & ,bssl]1 & ,kays]1 & ,kehre91 & ,morel4 ,wack]nagel & ,ko*1 ! great hi/orians ( ,g]man hymnology1 h also done admirable s]vice 9 prefix+ ! ,lat9 hymns to ! e>li] "p ( _! collections & hi/ories ( ,g]man praise4 ,!re is a ho/ ( less] names1 & !re h be5 "s sep>ate discov]ies wor?y ( note4 ,?us ! ,engli% rituali/s1 "u ! lead ( ,newman & ,neale1 une>!d "s capital lyrics4 ,! ,hymni ,ecclesiae ( ,c>d9al ,j4 ,h4 ,newman1 be+ half d]iv$ f ! ,p>is ,brevi>y1 conta9 hymns :i* are sc>cely to be f\nd else:]e--_m ( !m1 z our ,index w %[1 be+ accessible only 9 ^? pages4 ,! ,sequ5tiae ,m$ii ,aevii ( ,dr4 ,john ,mason ,neale also br+ to u texts :i* are extremely sc>ce4 ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*1 9 8 collection ( eighty hymns1 has avoid$ any?+ l ,romanism ev5 to ! occasional expurgation ( a phrase2 b he has giv5 u a few hymns :i* are difficult to procure4 ,knigsfeld's selection ( "o hundr$ is admirable2 & ,bssl]'s & ,simrock's little books h made a v good *oice4 ,m rec5tly /ill ,pr(essor ,f4 ,a4 ,m>*1 ( ,lafayette ,college1 has prep>$ a selection ( "o hundr$ & fifty ( ^! hymns = ! use ( in/itutions ( le>n+2 & ?is1 = e purpose1 is ! f9e/ & mo/ satisfactory s]ies ( texts at our comm&4 ,! ord9>y /ud5t c le>n mu* f ?is be=e he ne$s to attempt ! l>g] & m exp5sive works4 ,9 mak+ an exhau/ive index ( all ! orig9als be=e u1 ^! collections soon dw9dle into a v dim9utive =m4 ,!re are ab\t ?ree ?\s& five hundr$ hymns 9 ! v>i\s books4 ,& !y are ( all sorts--good1 bad1 & indiff]5t4 ,! good are ! pure & true utt]ance ( pi\s spirits--su* lyrics z ! ,v5i1 ,r$emptor1 & ! ,v5i1 ,sancte ,spiritus1 & ! ,vexilla ,regis4 ,! positively bad are ^? :i* are ei!r poor 9 execution--a common fault--or decid$ly defective 9 religi\s tone4 ,_m s-call$ 8hymns0 are no?+ b plagi>ies or p>odies ^u old] compositions4 ,"s are debas$ into m]e pat*work4 ,!re are a few :i* are mac>onic1 & a great _m 9 :i* pov]ty ( phrase is help$ out by :olesale pilf]+4 ,moreov]1 x is easy to f9d ^? :i* are highly objectionable 9 po9t ( ta/e & !ology1 to say no?+ ( prosody or ,prote/antism4 ,& if ,prote/ants are pr9cipally en]getic 9 re/or+ & edit+ ^! hymns1 to ! frank & g5]\s ext5t ( ov]look+ :at is unpleasant 9 !m1 x ought to foll[ t !y %\ld n be blam$ = pref]r+ only ^? lyrics 9 :i* ! broad & ,*ri/ian f]vor ( dev\t s\ls c be obs]v$4 ,( ^? hymns :i* are ^u ! bord] l9e1 ! pa!tic ,/abat ,mat] may /& z an example4 ,x w\ld be bigotry to reject x f ! li/--z "o compil] has done--:ile x w\ld c]ta9ly n be fair to ,prote/ants to utilize x1 9 any close translation1 = ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* univ]sal4 ,p]haps !re are n less ?an f f\r to five hundr$ ( ^! hymns1 !n1 to :i* no cause ( blame c atta*--:i* are z de> to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,roman ,ca?olics z to t ( ! ,ca?olic ,prote/ants4 ,on su* common gr\nd ! he>tie/ sympa?y & co-op]ation c develop ! ri*es :i* yet rema94 ,already x is ,caswall1 ! prie/1 & ,newman1 ! c>d9al1 & ,neale1 ! rituali/1 :o h giv5 to our daily praise ! happie/ v]sions4 ,x is ,ozanam :o has discov]$ sev]al unkn[n hymns2 & ,gauti] & ,digby ,s4 ,wrangham :o h br\ght out ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor2 & ! n9ety-sev5 pieces ( ,abael>d are repr9t$ f ,c\s9's text 9 ,migne's ,patrologia4 ,! /udy ( ^! sacr$ v]ses has be5 comp>atively limit$ 9 range & nationality1 b x has _h ! incomp>able advantage ( be+ ?or\gh4 ,?us we are to-day possess$ ( ! text ( e really f9e sacr$ ,lat9 lyric4 ,some:]e or o!r x has bloom$ & has be5 ga!r$ by "s acute hymnologi/4 ,! text1 too1 is tol]ably cl>ifi$4 ,translations into our own tongue h be5 made by su* m5 z ,caswall & ,newman & ,neale 7:o h r5d]$ all ! hymns ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y71 & by ,mant1 ,*&l]1 ,pe>son1 ,kyna/on1 & _m o!rs4 ,9 ,am]ica ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wa%burn1 ,dr4 ,coles1 & ,*ancellor ,b5$ict h be5 z prolific z any4 ,scatt]$ r5d]+s h obta9$ place 9 v>i\s hymnals4 ,& we are n[ prep>$ at la/ = ! g5]al & popul> int]e/ :i* %\ld be tak5 9 ?is va/ treasure ( ! ,lat9 tongue4 ,no?+ is m surpris+ ?an ! utt] mis9=mation :i* prevails4 ,a few s*ol>s1 l ,dr4 ,s*aff & ,dr4 ,william ,r4 ,williams1 h endeavor$ to illum9ate our ,am]ican d>kness4 ,b1 speak+ only n[ ( ! ,lat9 hymns1 ! /ory ( _! au?ors rema9s obscure & ! romantic hi/ory ( _! orig9 rema9s = ! mo/ "p unt\*$4 ,yet ,prud5tius1 ! ,spani>d1 0 a classic survival 9 ,spa94 ,& ,damasus1 ! pope1 0 associat$ ) c]ta9 dramatic sc5es4 ,& ,v5antius ,=tunatus1 tr\bad\r & bi%op1 furni%es u ) a mo/ /rik+ portrait ( ! times 9 8 atta*m5t to ! abbess-que51 ,radegunda4 ,! li/ presumably includes ,elpis1 ! wife ( ,boe?ius1 ! 8la/ ( ! ,romans20 & ,coelius ,s$ulius1 ! ,briton2 & ,gregory ! ,great & ! great ar*bi%op1 ,rabanus ,maurus1 & p]haps ,rob]t ,,ii4 ( ,france4 ,x calls into fre% life ! hi/ories ( ! ,v5]able ,b$e & ( ,alcu92 ( ! two ,b]n>ds1 ! "o ( ,clairvaux & ! o!r ( ,cluny2 ( ,pet] ! ,v5]able & ( ,abael>d & ,heloise2 ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor1 & ,?omas ( ,celano2 ( ,bonav5tura & ,aqu9as & ,kempis & ,xavi]4 ,x %[s u t mad ,solomon1 poor ,jacoponus2 & x leaves u ) v]ses f ,john ,huss1 ! m>tyr1 to be read by ! light ( ! ,re=mation's dawn4 ,?us l>gely does ! subject ( ! ,lat9 hymns trav]se ! ages4 ,f ! f\r? to ! sixte5? c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era x is ! "o /ream :i* 0 f$ f ,alp9e or f ,pyr5ean sn[s--a 8riv] ( ,god t is full ( wat]10 :i* exp&s into ! /ately movem5t ( ! ,notk]ian & ,gotts*alkian sequ5ce1 or g5tly murmurs its song ( tru/ ) ! mission>y ,xavi] z he writes ! exquisite melody ( t hymn1 ,o ,deus1 ego amo te6 ,to und]/& & to love ^! lyrics is to be bett] fitt$ = ?is n9ete5? c5tury ( praise4 ,n ! p]secutors & ! injuri\s1 n ! cruel & ! cold-he>t$ w !n rema9 to u2 b ! ,dies ,irae w utt] its trumpet-voice above ! dead phrases ( a =mal s]vice1 & ! ,salve caput cru5tatum w call u afre% to ! foot ( ! cross4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,hil>y ,,( ,,poiti]s ,,& ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,lat9 ,,hymns4 ,:5 ,ma/] ,pet] ,abael>d 0 prep>+ 8 own hymns = use 9 ! ,abbey ( ! ,p>aclete1 he prefac$ !m ) a brief treatise4 ,!re 7 n9ety-?ree ( !m1 arrang$ = all ! s]vices ( ,heloise & h] nuns1 & he answ]s ! reque/ ( 8 abbess-wife by s5d+ !m1 some:]e 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ye> #aace4 8,at ! in/ance ( ?y reque/s1 my si/] ,heloise10 he writes1 8=m]ly de> 9 ! _w & n[ mo/ de> 9 ,*ri/1 ,i h compos$ :at are call$ 9 ,greek1 #8hymns1' & 9 ,hebrew1 #8tillim4'0 ,= x is pla9 t %e has a vivid recollection ( 8 8wild1 unhall[$ rhymes1 writ 9 8 unbaptiz$ times10 & %e w\ld n[ h him tune 8 lyre1 z ,rob]t ,h]rick did1 to a l(ti] /ra94 ,h5ce he made = ^! g5tle si/]s a hymn-book ( _! own1 & s became ! ,watts or ,wesley ( _! mat9s & vesp]s4 ,) *>act]i/ic self-confid5ce he only includ$ :at he _h himself prep>$2 b ?is introduction ca/s a great deal ( light ^u ! k & piety ( ! "t respect+ hymns4 8,i rememb]10 cont9ues ,abael>d1 8t y ask$ me = an explanation4 #8,we "k1' y said1 #8t ! ,lat91 & especially ! ,fr5* ,*ur*1 h 9 psalms1 & also 9 hymns1 foll[$ m a cu/om ?an an au?ority4'0 ,?is 0 q true2 & ! rem>k is em95tly *>act]i/ic ( ,heloise1 ^: s*ol>%ip 0 admirable1 & ^: disposition 0 ( a sort to crave = & cl+ to a /rong] nature4 ,he !n quotes = h] ! decree ( ! f\r? ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o 7,a4,d4 #fcc71 by :i* ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s & ,ambrose ( ,milan are e/abli%$ z ! great fa!rs ( ,*ri/ian song 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 & by :i* ! praise ( ,god 9 hymns is sanction$ & comm5d$4 ,to mu* ! same effect are ! words ( ,augu/9e ( ,hippo1 c5turies e>li]4 ,8 belov$ "m1 ,monica1 _h di$1 & no?+ appe>$ to com=t him s mu* z "o ( ^! same holy songs4 8,!n ,i slept1 & woke up aga9 & f\nd my grief n a little s(t5$2 & z ,i 0 alone 9 my b$1 ,i rememb]$ ^? true v]ses ( ?y ,ambrose4 ,= ?\ art ! 8#8,mak] ( all1 ! ,"l ,& ,rul] ( ! height1 ,:o1 rob+ day 9 light1 ha/ p\r$ ,s(t slumb]s o'er ! night1 ,t to our limbs ! p[] ,( toil may be r5ew$1 ,& he>ts be rais$ t s9k & c[]1 ,& sorr[s be subdu$4'0 ,?is is ! ,deus creator omnium ( ! great bi%op ( ,milan2 & ?is1 9 consequ5ce ( ,augu/9e's quotation1 is among ! be/ au!nticat$ & e>lie/ hymns ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*4 ,b !re 7 m anci5t hymns ?an ! ,ambrosian or ,augu/9ian4 ,!y be> ! "n ( ,hil>y1 & ) !m ,lat9 hymnology really beg9s4 ,x is true t 9 ! previ\s c5tury--! ?ird--,cyprian ( ,c>?age _h writt5 religi\s poetry1 b he compos$ no?+ :i* c\ld be sung4 ,!re is1 inde$1 no?+ previ\s to ,hil>y4 ,& n[ let u g back to ! creation ( ?is fir/ & noble/ light4 ,= ,hil>y _h be5 a hea!n--a hea!n ( ! hea!n--9 ,roman ,gaul4 ,he 0 born 9 ,poiti]s 7,pictavium7 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,8 fa!r's "n 0 ,franc>ius1 ^: tomb--al?\gh he mu/ at fir/ h liv$ z an idolat]--is said by ,b\*et to h be5 8= upw>d ( fifte5 hundr$ ye>s0 9 ! p>i% *ur* ( ,clissonium 7,clisson1 ne> ,nantes74 ,we are indebt$ to ,j]ome = ! ma9 facts ( ,hil>y's life1 & to ,=tunatus = a l>ge %>e 9 ! fill+ up ( ! outl9es4 ,hil>y 0 s celebrat$ a man t contempor>y ref]5ces are m abundant & helpful 9 8 c>e] ev5 ?an 9 t ( ,%akespe>e4 ,9 ^? days he 0 at ! summit ( r5[n1 a notable exception to ! case ( ! prophet1 8n be+ )\t honor save 9 8 own c\ntry40 8,= :o10 says ,augu/9e1 8does n "k ,hil>y ! ,gallic bi%op80 ,& ,j]ome wrote to ,/4 ,eu/acia t ,hil>y & ,cyprian 7 ! 8two great c$>s ( ! age40 ,he 0 d\btless well educat$4 ,8 ,lat9 0 good & copi\s1 )\t possess+ v great poli%4 ,8 ,greek 0 suffici5t to fit him to translate ! cre$s ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 & to become famili> ) _! hymns4 ,we h 8 own te/imony t he liv$ 9 com=t1 if n 9 luxury2 & ! inf]5ce is pla9 t 8 family 7 ( consequ5ce 9 ! place4 ,x 0 9 8 leisure t he took up ,moses & ! prophets2 & !re1 9 t fam\s old t[n ( 8 bir?1 ! mi/s ( 8 idolatry ?9n$ away4 ,we d n "k t any ext]nal pressure 0 br\ght to be> ^u 8 m9d1 or t he 0 l$ by any?+ except a natural curiosity into ?is new le>n+4 ,poiti]s itself is a noble situation = su* an intellect4 ,x is p]*$ on a promontory1 & surr\nd$ on all sides by gorges & n>r[ valleys4 ,! i/hmus1 :i* jo9s x back to ! ridge1 0 once wall$ & dit*$ across4 ,! ,pictavi1 & aft]w>d ! ,romans1 und]/ood ! milit>y advantages ( ! spot4 ,x has always be5 ! abode ( s*ol>s & ( w>riors4 ,"h ,francis ,bacon once /udi$4 ,"h ,clovis1 f\nd] ( ! ,m]ov+ian dyna/y1 beat ,al>ic ,,ii41 9 #ejg1 9 fair battle4 ,"h ,radegunda ! ,holy lies buri$4 ,"h ,=tunatus1 ! poet-bi%op1 dwell$4 ,"h ,*>les ,m>tel hamm]$ ! ,s>ac5s 9 #gcb4 ,"h1 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 re/ ! a%es ( ,ri*>d ,coeur de ,lion4 ,"h1 b5ea? ^! walls1 f\ght ,edw>d ! ,black ,pr9ce aga9/ ,k+ ,john ( ,france1 9 #acef1 :5 ! ,engli% _h ! be/ ( ! day4 ,= !y _h le>n$--z ,bi%op ,hugh ,latim] says t he himself 0 taught--h[ to draw ! clo?-y>d %aft to a head1 & let x fly ) a deadly aim4 8,9 my tyme10 said ,latim]1 8my poore fa!r 0 z dilig5t to tea* me to %ote z to le>ne anye o!r ?ynge1 & s ,i ?ynke o!r m5ne dyd !yr *ildr54 ,hee taughte me h[ to drawe1 h[ to laye my bodye 9 my b[e1 & n to drawe ) /r5g? ( armes z o!r nacions d1 b ) /r5g? ( ! bodye4 ,i _h my b[es b\ghte me accordyng to my age & /r5g?2 z ,i encreas$ 9 !m1 s my b[es 7 made bigg] & bigg]2 = m5 %all nev] %oot well excepte !y be br\ghte up 9 x40 7,six? s]mon be=e ,edw>d ,,vi47 ,x 0 su* ar*]y z ?is t laid ! fl[] ( ,france 9 ! du/1 & put ,john1 _! k+1 into prison4 ,poiti]s is ?us a noble & appropriate bir?place = "o :o be=e ! "t ( ,*>les ! ,hamm]] 0 call$ ! 8,hamm] ( ! ,arians0 7,malleus ,arianorum71 & :o comb9$ fight+ ) pray+ all ?r\gh 8 life4 ,places & circum/ances & ! untamable blood ( h]oes h m to d ) ! mak+ ( m5 ?an we suppose2 & ,hil>y 0 s di/9ctly a son ( ,caes>'s ,gaul t he became its l>ge1 true1 & free expression1 appropriate to its l&scape & h>moniz$ to its atmosph]e4 ,& z to 8 em]g5ce f hea!nism1 !re c be no?+ m satisfactory to u ?an 8 own /ory4 ,he has record$ t :5 he f\nd1 9 ,exodus1 h[ ,god 0 call$ 8,i am t ,i am10 & :5 he read 9 ,isaiah 7#dj3ab7 ( a deity :o 8held ! w9d 9 ,8 fi/s10 & aga9 7#ff3a7 ( ,him :o said1 8,heav5 is ,my ?rone & e>? is ,my foot/ool10 !n ?is ,deus imm5sus surpass$ all 8 hea!n conceptions ( gr&eur & p[]4 ,& :5 he read 79 ,ps4 #ach3g7 h[ ?is great ,god lov$ & c>$ = ,8 *ildr51 s t "o c\ld say1 8,?\gh ,i walk 9 ! mid/ ( tr\ble1 ,?\ wilt revive me2 ,?\ %alt /ret* =? ,?9e h& aga9/ ! wra? ( m9e enemies1 & ,?y "r h& %all save me0--!n he 0 drawn t[>d ?is mighty be+ by a s5tim5t ( confid5ce & tru/4 ,he also--turn+ ! pages ( ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon 7#ac3e7 9 ! ,apocrypha--f\nd x writt5 t 8by ! greatness & beauty ( ! creatures proportionately ! ,mak] ( !m is se540 ,& !n1 enc\nt]+ ! ,gospel ( ,john1 its op5+ s5t5ces cl>ifi$ 8 m9d4 ,all became pla94 ,he accept$ ) calmness1 firmness1 & dignity ! great doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,he 0 imbu$ ) ,john's conception ( t ,^w1 8:i* 0 9 ! beg9n+0 & 8:i* 0 ,god40 ,f t mom5t he _h a !ology :i* 0 z pure z cry/al & z inde/ructible z adamant4 ,!re is no mudd9ess ab\t 8 ideas f ?is "t onw>d1 ?\gh ,arians buzz & /+1 & calamities ra9 ^u him1 & ! pa? ( duty is deep ) mire & ! future is d>k4 ,e "o ( ^! ?+s passes away4 ,8 own language z to ?is great *ange 9 8 belief is z *>act]i/ic z x is beautiful3 8,i ext5d$ my desires fur!r1 & long$ t ! good ?\ghts ,i _h ab\t ,god1 & ! good life :i* ,i built on !m1 might h an et]nal rew>d40 ,l "o ( 8 own favorite sa9ts 9 ! ,gospel & ! ,apocalypse ( ,john1 he 0 ?us 8l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god0 to become "o ( ! *ant+ *oir be=e ! ?rone4 ,x matt]s v little1 !re=e1 to u ( to-day1 t1 9 #ahea1 ,pius ,,ix41 himself a man ( sweet & g5tle temp]1 made ,hil>y a 8,doctor ( ! ,*ur*0--a di/9ction res]v$ = ^? greate/ ones1 l ,augu/9e & ,*ryso/om1 ^: le>n+ & eloqu5ce are _w-r5[n$4 ,! dead bi%op did n ne$ ?is po/hum\s di/9ction4 ,he has long be5 recogniz$--to quote ,pr(essor ,dorn]--z 8"o ( ! mo/ orig9al & pr(\nd10 albeit n ! easie/ to und]/& at all times1 ( ! great tea*]s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,we may h]eaft] atta* m value to 8 "w ev5 ?an we d at pres5t4 ,?is !n 0 ! man :o _h det]m9$ to ent] ^u a ,*ri/ian life4 ,he 0 already m>ri$ & _h "o daught]--,abra by "n--& possess$ a c]ta9 repute z a man ( read+ & ( affairs4 ,8 orig9 protect$ him f a contempt ( pagan le>n+2 & 8 m>riage protect$ him f t "o-sid$ developm5t :i* has ,romaniz$ ! once ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! p]iod 9 :i* he liv$ 0 "o ( transition--f classic lit]ature to ,*ri/ian lit]ature1 & f ! ,lat9 ( f>-(f ,virgil & ,cic]o to ! ,lat9 :i* 0 to become ! unit+ tongue ( all s*ol>s 9 t ,babel ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,?is language 0 n[ %ap+ itself to its new "w & becom+1 l ,engli% "u ! g5ius ( ,*auc]1 a liv+ spee*4 ,9 ! m\ld+ h&s ( ^! fir/ ,*ri/ian writ]s x became flexible1 n always flu5t or graceful or ev5 /rictly grammatical1 b capable at lea/ to c>ry :at w\ld o!rwise h be5 lo/4 ,greek 0 gone1 & ,fr5* & ,g]man & ,engli% _h n yet appe>$4 ,z a ,gallo-,roman1 !n--a po/-classic ,lat9i/--,hil>y gives 9 8 allegiance to ,*ri/ianity1 & 8 wife & daught] are baptiz$ ) him into ! true fai?4 ,s f> mu* is conjectural2 & m is vague & to be d]iv$ f ! %ad[s ca/ ^u ! scre5 ( hi/ory by ! 8_s ( ! ye>s to come ye>n+ to mix itself ) life40 ,we em]ge1 h[ev]1 into hi/orical c]ta9ty ab\t ! ye> #cea4 ,!n1 on ! dea? ( _! bi%op--:o is ?\ght to h be5 ,max5tius1 ! bro!r ( ,/4 ,maxim9 ( ,tri]--8 t[nspeople clamor$ = ,hil>y4 ,! ,hi/oire ,litt]aire de la ,france sets ?is election d[n = ! ye> #cej2 b t au?ority1 9 ?is & a great _m o!r in/ances1 is pr(use & multitud9\s & n absolutely safe4 ,we are c]ta9ly n f> out f ! correct date 9 say+ #cea4 ,x illu/rates a condition ( ?+s :i* are sugge/ive ( ! simplicity ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 :5 we f9d t 9 spite ( 8 be+ a m>ri$ man & a fa!r--& 9 spite ( ,cyprian's & ( ,t]tullian's praises ( celibacy--,hil>y 0 he>tily *os5 & almo/ =c$ into ! episcopate4 ,9 ?is position he exhibit$ 8all ! excell5t qualities ( ! great bi%ops40 ,we are told t he 0 8g5tle & peaceable1 giv5 p>ticul>ly to an ability to p]suade & to influ5ce40 ,) ^! he jo9$ 8a holy vigor :i* held him firm aga9/ ris+ h]esies40 ,& ,cassian says t ,hil>y 8_h all ! virtues ( an incomp>able man40 ,! fact1 aft] all1 speaks = itself m l\dly ?an ^! comm5dations4 ,he 0 s mu* "o ( !mselves t ! p ( ,poiti]s w\ld n h select$ him1 if !y _h n kn[n him to be ! be/ man = ! mitre4 ,f ?is "t began t c>e] ( /a9less honor :i* has outla/$ ! v walls :i* e*o$ 8 voice4 ,he 0 kn[n f ,great ,brita9 to ! ,indies4 ,he ranks second only to ,a?anasius z a def5d] ( ! fai?2 &--z we already not$--he is class$ by ,j]ome ) ! great bi%op ( ,hippo ^: portrait is giv5 to u s vividly 9 ,*>les ,k+sley's ,hypatia4 ,& to u ( our c5tury & ( our convictions 9 favor ( *>ity & culture1 x is p>ticul>ly praisewor?y t he nev] gave up 8 secul> s*ol>%ip1 & t he nev] flagg$ or falt]$ 9 def5d+ op9ions :i* 7 z l>ge & lib]al z !y 7 und5iably or?odox4 ,he 0 an oak :i* /ood aga9/ ! bla/ un%ak51 & :i* yet held1 9 ! he>t ( its great bran*es1 sweet ne/s ( s++ birds & leafy cov]ts ( %ade & peace4 ,hil>y 0 n suff]$ to be inactive4 ,x 0 ! p]iod at :i* ! ,arian h]esy 0 9 full inc&esc5ce4 ,no "o hold+ ! op9ions ( ! ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s c\ld well rema9 neutral4 ,he _h--9 con=mity ) a cu/om soon to become a law--sep>at$ 8 life f t ( 8 home2 b he appe>s always to h *]i%$ a w>m love = 8 wife & *ild4 ,?is plac$ him1 h[ev]1 9 p]fect fre$om f o!r c>es1 & at lib]ty to devote himself to ! eradication ( false doctr9e4 ,con/antius1 ! ,emp]or1 0 an ,arian1 & ?is made ! p]plexity ( ! position v great4 ,an hone/ man might ru9 all by 8 blunt indep5d5ce--b an hone/ man d>e n be sil5t4 ,&1 besides1 ,hil>y _h nei!r att5d$ ! ,synod ( ,arles 7#cec7 nor t ( ,milan 7#cee71 & 0 some:at out ( ! ecclesia/ical tide4 ,t he 0 no c[>d 0 soon %[n to ev]ybody's satisfaction4 ,he prep>$ a lett] to ! ,emp]or z brave z x 0 ke51 & :i* t\*$ up ) a vigor\s la% ! cr++ sycophants & %uffl+ hypocrites ab\t ! c\rt4 ,hil>y is notably /rong :5 he d5\nces ! sub/itution ( =ce = reason--& p]haps 8 doctorate came to him only 9 #ahea 7:5 he c\ld n well c>e mu* = x7 because ?is doctr9e ( 8 0 n altoge!r :at ,"m ,*ur* has be5 9 ! habit ( tea*+ & practis+6 ,i may ref] to ! rec5t "w ( ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,t4 ,smi? ^u ,! ,*ur* 9 ,roman ,gaul z fully confirm+ ?is /atem5t4 ,/4 ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs is !re call$ to be> te/imony t ! ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s held su* op9ions j z /urdily 9 8 days ( p[] z 9 ^! times ( trial & p]secution4 ,he 01 9 %ort1 a ?or\ghly s9c]e man1 & x took him only a few ye>s--until #cee--to get into ! hotte/ bubbl+ spot ( all ! caldron4 ,at t date1 9 company ) o!r lead]s ( ! *ur* 9 ,gaul1 he drove out a v pe/il5t fell[--,saturn9us1 ! ,bi%op ( ,arles--z a s$iti\s & irreconcilable elem5t 9 _! mid/4 ,) him 0 ca/ out ,val5s1 & ) ,val5s 0 ca/ out ,ursacius4 ,b ( all ^!1 ,bi%op ,saturn9us 0 ! angrie/ & ! mo/ rev5geful4 ,a ye> ( some?+ l good ord] foll[$1 :5 lo1 ! ,arians came to ! front ) a synod ( _! own complexion at ,bezi]s4 ,"h ,hil>y f\nd himself 9 ! vocative case altoge!r4 ,! tables 7 turn$ ^u him1 & x 0 he :o mu/ n[ g =? a bani%$ man4 ,! p[] 0 aga9/ him1 & he set out ) b[$ head & sad he>t ^u "o ( ^? pride-humbl+ j\rneys :i* h n seldom br\ght ! greate/ results to religion1 & :i* n a few ( ! be/ m5 h tak5 9 _! day4 ,9 ?is mann] ,b]n>d w5t to meet ,abael>d2 ,m>t9 ,lu!r w5t to ! diet at ,worms2 & ,john ,bunyan took 8 way to ,b$=d jail4 ,pr9cipal among ! causes ( 8 sadness 0 t he 0 snat*$ away f 8 con/ant & cong5ial duty ( expla9+ ! ,scriptures to ! p ( 8 diocese4 ,/ill he _h no?+ = x b to g2 & s1 some:]e ab\t #cef1 we f9d him 9 ,phrygia4 ,he is accompani$ by ,rodanius1 ,bi%op ( ,t\l\se1 :o _h pluck$ up consid]able c\rage by see+ h[ well ,hil>y took 8 defeat4 ,9 #ceg ! ,*ur* 9 ,roman ,gaul s5t him _! greet+1 f :i* t ( 8 own ,poiti]s p 0 n abs5t4 ,& ! ,gallic bi%ops1 hav+ p]ceiv$ him to be capable ( mu* good s]vice 9 8 en=c$ resid5ce abroad1 bade him in=m himself & !m ^u ! cre$s & cu/oms ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*4 ,?is he _h already1 to a degree1 und]tak54 ,& 9 #cei1 :om d we f9d ent]+ a convocation ( bi%ops at ,seleucia b our v ,hil>y1 oppos+ ) a /rong & unfl9*+ philosophic p[] all ^?--& !re 7 _m !re--:o d5i$ ! consub/antiality ( ! ,^w4 ,!re 7 "o hundr$ & sixty ( ^! bi%ops at ,seleucia1 ( :om "o hundr$ & five--a v h&some majority--7 8semi-,arians40 ,( ! rema9+ fifty-five !re 7 n9ete5 class$ z ,anomoeans--^? :o held t ! ,son 0 unlike ! ,fa!r 9 ess5ce1 or --& ! re/ 7 h]etics ( diff]5t grades ( badness4 ,x 0 ! natural outcome ( ! difficulties ) ,a?anasius1 :]e ! royal au?ority 0 on ! side ( ! ,arians4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic hi/orians are !re=e n complim5t>y to ?is synod--or r 8d\ble c\ncil0 ( ,seleucia & ,rim9i--& ?is 0 assur$ly no v com=table body ( ,*ri/ians = a bani%$ bi%op to exhort4 ,b he did x ) effect1 & proce$$ to ! c\ncil at ,con/ant9ople 7#cfj7 & did x aga92 & pres5tly 7#cfa7 ,con/antius di$ & ! ,nic5e ,cre$ 0 victori\s4 ,s 0 ,hil>y1 :o--9 #cfj-fa--return$ to ,poiti]s1 :]e1 z soon z 8 crozi] 0 once m well 9 h&1 he levell$ ,saturn9us & compell$ him to ab&on 8 diocese4 ,he !n turn$ ^u ,aux5tius ( ,milan1 :o only escap$ ! same or a worse fate by cl++ to ,val5t9ian1 ! reign+ ,emp]or1 & 0 d5\nc$ by ,hil>y z a hypocrite = 8 pa9s4 ,our bi%op appe>s 9 ^! days to h be5 decid$ly a memb] ( ! ,*ur* ,militant2 & p]haps x 0 natural en\gh :5 "o _h surviv$ ! reigns ( ,con/antius1 ,julian ! ,apo/ate1 & ,jovian1 = him to be z he 04 ,i am n comm5t+ ^u ^! excit+ sc5es2 ,i desire r to g back & %[ h[ !y produc$ ! hymns ( :i* we are to speak4 ,x 0 9 #ceg--;at ! same date ) ! lett]s f ! bi%ops & f ! *ur*es--t ,abra1 8 daught]1 wrote to him h]self4 ,f ?is epi/le we le>n t h] "m /ill liv$1 & we obs]ve ! dutiful & lov+ daught] app>5t 9 e l9e4 ,9 reply ,hil>y s5ds a well-compos$ & ev5 imag9ative lett]4 ,"u ! figures ( a pe>l & a g>m5t he *>ges h] to keep h] s\l & h] conduct pure4 ,he r recomm5ds a s+le life1 b n 9 any su* extravagant eulogy ( celibacy z "s w\ld h u suppose4 ,x is m aft] ! /yle ( :at ,grynaeus affirm$ ( him--t he 0 s mod]ate 9 ^! op9ions z to suff] 8 canons to m>ry--s9ce x w\ld be h>d = an unbiass$ m9d to draw any h>% conclusions f ! language2 yet all ?is is ( small consequ5ce comp>$ ) ! enclosure--two ,lat9 hymns1 "o = ! morn+ & "o = ! ev5+1 :i* %e may use 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! ,lucis l>gitor spl5dide2 b ! second is probably lo/4 ,x is said t x 0 ! hymn1 ,ad coeli cl>a non sum dignus sid]a--8,to ! cle> />s ( heav5 ,i am n wor?y10 etc4 ,?is is v d\btful inde$1 s mu* s t we may decl9e to receive x on sev]al gr\nds4 ,x is to be f\nd 9 ! sup]b folio edition ( ,hil>y's works 7,p>is1 #afic7 prep>$ by ! ,b5$ict9es ( ,/4 ,maur4 ,yet if int]nal evid5ce is to weigh at all we mu/ reject x )\t scruple4 ,x is n a hymn 9 any true s5se1 & c]ta9ly has no ref]5ce to ! ev5+ h\r ( wor%ip4 ,x conta9s a gross phrase or two1 :i* are n sugge/ive ( ,hil>y1 :o w\ld sc>cely h said t he w\ld 8despise ,arius0 by 8modulat+ a hymn0 aga9/ him1 nor w\ld he h spok5 ( ! 8b>k+ ,sabellius0 or ! 8grunt+ ,simon40 ,! v]ses are unpleasantly flavor$ ) e>?l9ess1 & to ?9k t a "y girl w\ld be incl9$ to s+ n9ety-six l9es ( an abec$>y--or 8alphabet-hymn0--is absurd4 ,moreov]1 ! editors ( ! edition ( #afic only pr9t f\r /anzas1 & express _! own disbelief t ,hil>y wrote x1 bas$ ^u ^! facts & ^u _! no less important criticism ( ! /yle1 :i* is mascul9e ?r\gh\t1 & ref]s to ideas highly inappropriate to ! use int5d$4 ,mone is ne>] to ! correct doctr9e :5 he assigns x to a p]iod betwe5 ! six? & eigh? c5turies4 ,daniel 7#d3acj7 pr9ts x 9 full & quotes ,mone's rem>k t an ,iri% monk is likely to h be5 its au?or4 ,x is 9 ! metre famili> to mod]n eyes 9 ! ,integ] vitae ( ,horace1 b x displays nei!r ta/e nor poetry nor any religi\s f]vor4 ,t x beg9s ea* /anza ) a consecutive lett] ( ! alphabet is no pro( ( any?+ except wa/$ +5uity4 ,s t1 ,i repeat1 we d well to reject x & to leave x reject$4 ,all1 !n1 t is left u is ! ,lucis l>gitor spl5dide--8,?\ spl5did giv] ( ! light40 ,! lett] w5t back f ,seleucia to ,poiti]s & c>ri$ ?is hymn1 at lea/1 ) x4 ,hil>y _h s5t ?is & its companion1 ut memor mei semp] sis--8t y may always rememb] me40 ,& we may fancy ! lovely high-born daught] ( t e>ne/ & s*ol>ly man z1 daily & nightly1 %e sits at h] w9d[--p]*ance ) h] gaze wi/fully turn$ to ! ea/w>d4 ,!re %e sang ^! simple1 beautiful hymns--%e ! fir/ s+] ( ! new hymns ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*4 ,among ! !mes = ,*ri/ian art yet left to u !re is h>dly "o m sugge/ive ?an ?is--= ,abra d\btless sang h] fa!r's hymns to h] fa!r's loyal p4 ,x may ev5 be suppos$ t he gave h] ! tunes z well z ! words1 & t1 by morn+ & by night1 ! battle-sc>r$ ,poiti]s re-e*o$ ?is voice ( ! exil$ bi%op4 ,( ! hymn itself z mu* c be said 9 favor z we h j said aga9/ its pret5d$ & ill-mat*$ companion4 ,x brea!s ! ,johannean s5tim5ts ?r\gh\t4 ,x celebrates ! ,light1 ! ,son ( ,god1 ! glory ( ! ,fa!r1 8cle>] ?an ! full sun1 ! p]fect light & day itself40 ,to "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ! ,greek hymns x is in/antly sugge/ive ( ^? pellucid songs--its atmosph]e is all peace & its tru/ is z re/ful to ! tir$ _s z ! quiet com+ ( ! ris+ day4 ,x may easily h be5 a translation f ! ,greek1 or1 ev5 m easily1 ! natural up-gu% ( melody :i* 0 t\*$ into life by ! frequ5t he>+ ( ! ,ea/]n hymns4 ,hil>y nev] le>n$ x 9 an ,arian *ur*1 nor did he f9d x among controv]siali/s4 ,its ne/1 :]e x 0 fir/ re>$1 0 9 "s corn] ( a catacomb or 9 "s nook ( ! ,holy ,l&4 ,?is hymn1 !n1 we may safely accept z ! olde/ au!ntic orig9al ,lat9 8song ( praise to ,*ri/ z ,god40 ,:e!r ! ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s _h mu* or little le>n+1 he wrote a valuable book on ,synods1 & translat$ = u _m useful & o!rwise inaccessible confessions ( fai? & /atem5ts ( doctr9e4 ,erasmus--himself no brave man1 nor "o likely to e/imate moral c\rage prop]ly--calls ?is lett] to ,abra 8nugam5tum hom9is otiose indocti0--! trifl+ production ( a man lazily un$ucat$6 ,well1 p]haps x w\ld h be5 z well if "s ( t same 8luxuri\s ignorance0 ( ,hil>y c\ld h secur$ ! 8labori\s le>n+0 ( ,erasmus f exhibit+1 at ! end ( life1 its own ineffici5cy4 ,j]ome said t :oev] f\nd fault ) ,hil>y's k 0 compell$ to conc$e 8 philosophic skill2 & x rem9ds "o ( ! rem>k ( ,dante ,rossetti1 :o said t no?+ 9 our age c\ld /& comp>ison ) a sonnet ( ,%akespe>e1 =1 r\gh z x might seem1 ,%akespe>e wrote x4 ,x 0 ?is manhood beh9d ! ,lat9 :i* w5t = m ?an all ,rott]dam6 ,hil>y is cr$it$ ) a great deal1 d\btless1 t he nev] wrote4 ,s he is1 by ,=tunatus1 ) miracles :i* he nev] p]=m$4 ,alcu9 & o!rs assign to him ! ,gloria 9 ,excelsis1 b ?is 0 c]ta9ly m anci5t ?an ,hil>y1 be+ quot$ by ,a?anasius 9 8 treatise on ,virg9ity4 ,he c\ld at be/ m]ely h translat$ x4 ,?is he might also h done = ! ,te ,deum laudamus4 ,& s9ce we "k t he prep>$ a ,lib] ,hymnorum--! fir/ actual hymn-book ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*--we h "s reason to ?9k t he w\ld n h altoge!r =gott5 ! greate/ *ants ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,?is hymn-book is utt]ly lo/ to u4 ,?is is n ! same z ! ,lib] ,my/]iorum--! book ( ! my/]ies--& its exi/5ce1 l t ( its companion "w1 re/s ^u ! te/imony ( ,j]ome4 ,d\btless 9 x !re 7 o!r poems & songs f :i* ! ,hil>ian au?or%ip has be5 brok5 or lo/4 ,x 0 n ! anci5t cu/om ei!r to pres]ve ! au?or's "n1 or ev5 to reta9 ! precise =m ( 8 hymn4 ,he ?rew 8 little lyric--z ! ,israelites did _! jewelry--into ! common treasury ( ! ,*ur*2 & 9 ! ,brevi>ies1 :]e s _m ( ^! hymns are to be discov]$1 a lat] & m critical s*ol>%ip may id5tify "s ( !m h]eaft]4 ,z delicate insects are pres]v$ 9 amb]1 we !re f9d mu* t we %\ld o!rwise h lo/2 b1 l t v amb]1 :5 its electricity is excit$1 8 0 t sort ( reputation :i* attract$ _m anonym\s trifles--z1 = example1 ! ,ad coeli cl>a--to itself4 ,( ,hil>y's o!r writ+s1 ) exception ( 8 "w on ! ,c\ncils ( ,arim9um & ,seleucia1 we h ! full text4 ,8 comm5t>ies on ! ,psalms & on ,mat!w2 8 controv]sial pamphlets aga9/ ,con/antius2 8 book ( ,synods2 8 twelve books ,de ,tr9itate--^! are accessible 9 ! ,patrologia ( ,migne4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly believ$ at ! "t ( ! f\r? ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o t he _h writt5 _m pieces 89 favor ( ,god1 & ( ! triumphs ( apo/les & m>tyrs20 & bo? ,j]ome & ,isidore ( ,seville decl>e him to h be5 ! fir/ among ! ,lat9s to write ,*ri/ian v]se4 ,b to %[ h[ unc]ta9 is ! conjecture t is ?us />t$1 ,i may m5tion t ! ,ut queant laxis ( ,paul ,w9frid1 ! 8,deacon10 is cr$it$ to ,hil>y by ! ,hi/oire ,litt]aire4 ,! same au?ority also claims = him ! fir/ ,pange l+ua 7,pange l+ua gloriosi1 praelium c]tam9is71 :i* is sometimes assign$ to ,claudianus ,mam]tus1 b is ! well-au!nticat$ composition ( ,v5antius ,=tunatus1 ! tr\bad\r & fri5d ( ,radegunda1 ! wife ( ,clotaire4 ,we may z well admit t a great man did n necess>ily d all ! great ?+s ( 8 day4 ,besides1 ! se>* aft] tru? 9 ?is matt] is complicat$ m>vell\sly by ! trade ( ! hymn-t9k]s1 :o put new bottoms & tops & sides to a great _m religi\s lyrics4 ,"h is a case 9 po9t 9 ,mone 7vol4 iii41 p4 #fcc74 ,! hymn beg9s ,*ri/um rogemus et patrem--8,we call on ,*ri/ & on ! ,fa!r40 ,x has sev5 /anzas4 ,! fir/ /anza is f a morn+ hymn1 suppos$ to be by ,hil>y4 ,! second is f an ,ambrosian hymn4 ,! ?ird & f\r? are f ano!r ,ambrosian hymn to ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael4 ,! fif? is f a v noble ,ambrosian hymn--! ,aet]na ,*ri/i mun]a--( :i* ,daniel says t x itself has be5 8wret*$ly torn to pieces by ! ,*ur*0 7ab ecclesia mis] e dilac]atum74 ,! six? & sev5? /anzas are also ,ambrosian--f ! ,jesu corona virg9um4 ,?us ?is s+le hymn ( sev5 /anzas is m]e pat*work1 ga!r$ f t ,ambrosian hymnody :i* ! ,brevi>ies supply4 ,& f9d+ all ! re/ ( x cr$it$ to ,ambrose & to 8 c5tury1 we are incl9$ to d\bt t ,hil>y %\ld be consid]$ z ! au?or ( any portion at all4 ,inde$ ! id5tification ( ,hil>y's hymns--except ! ,lucis l>gitor--is purely conjectural4 ,x re/s ma9ly on ! hymnological acum5 ( ,c>d9al ,?omasius1 :i* may or may n be liable to error4 ,kays] refuses1 on "o gr\nd or ano!r1 to positively endorse any1 except ! "o :i* all n[ conc$e4 ,next to ?is 9 probability /&s ! ,beata nobis gaudia 7?\gh x is d\bt$ by ,pr(essor ,m>*71 & !n ! ,deus pat] +5ite1 :i* is tak5 f ! ,moz>abic ,brevi>y4 ,! ,jam meta noctis transiit1 ! ,9 matut9is surgimus1 & ! ,jesu refulsit omnium1 h only ! au?ority ( ,?omasius4 ,! ,jesu quadrag5>iae1 ,daniel says1 is an old hymn1 b v c]ta9ly compos$ lat] ?an ! "t ( ,hil>y4 ,! ,ad coeli cl>a we h already reject$4 ,?us we h "o au!ntic & five conjectural ,hil>ian hymns4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 great d\bt re/+ on ! ,jesu refulsit omnium2 & if ,i consult$ m]ely my own judgm5t1 ,i %\ld decl>e aga9/ x1 if only 9 view ( ! rhymes--a *>act]i/ic :i* x w\ld sc>cely possess if x 7 g5u9ely ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,& :ile we are ^u ?is some:at ungrateful duty ( try+ to set matt]s "r1 %all we pass ov] ! slip :i* ,mrs4 ,*>les makes 9 h] capital little book8 7,*ri/ian ,life 9 ,song4 ,am4 ed41 p4 #gd47 ,= %e says t 8,! ,hil>y :o wrote ! hymns 0 ! canoniz$ ,bi%op ( ,arles40 ,!re 01 mu* lat]1 a ,hil>y ( ,arles2 & !re 0 ano!r ,hil>y ( ,rome1 & !re 7 also o!rs ( ! same "n2 b none ( !m wrote hymns4 ,he ( ,arles assur$ly did n4 ,( our own ,hil>y x may be add$ t ! re/ ( 8 life 0 e>ne/1 b comp>atively quiet4 ,we %all f9d ,gregory ( ,t\rs & ,=tunatus ass]t+ t he rais$ ! dead & heal$ ! sick1 & ca/ out devils 7"s ( !m 9 ! %ape ( snakes7 f a boy's /oma*2 b ^! /ories belong naturally to a cr$ul\s & sup]/iti\s age4 ,m to ! purpose is x to f9d t ! bi%op _h ent]$ ^u ! composition ( tunes = 8 hymns1 & _h tak5 up calligraphy & ! ornam5tation ( manuscripts4 ,!re 0 a book ( ! ,gospels f\nd1 on :i* 0 indors$1 8,quem scripsit ,hil>ius ,pictav5sis quondam sac]dos0--8:i* ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s1 =m]ly a prie/1 wrote40 ,a simil> book 0 left by ,/4 ,p]petuus1 ,bi%op ( ,t\rs1 to ,bi%op ,euphronius1 ,=tunatus's fri5d4 ,?is is atte/$ by 8 w1 execut$ 9 #dgd4 8,i saw10 says ,*ri/ian ,dru?m> 7n9? c5tury71 8a book ( ! ,gospels1 writt5 9 ,greek1 :i* 0 said to h be5 ,/4 ,hil>y's1 9 :i* 7 ,mat!w & ,john10 etc4 ,b :e!r ,hil>y wrote ?is is naturally an op5 "q4 ,! good bi%op di$ at ,poiti]s--z ,j]ome & ,gregory ( ,t\rs decl>e--b ! date is /ill a matt] ( "s unc]ta9ty4 ,val5t9ian & ,val5s 7 ^u ! ?rone1 & x is safe to say t #cfg-fh 0 ! ye>4 ,janu>y #ad? has also be5 assign$ by "s au?orities1 b ) no bett] reason ?an a g5]ally receiv$ tradition to ?is effect1 & ! fact t ?is is 8 day 9 ! ,roman cal5d>4 ,8 body 01 h[ev]1 scatt]$ r widely4 ,x 0 remov$ f its tomb 9 ! "t ( ,clovis--a bone ( 8 arm 0 9 ,belgium1 & "s o!r portions ( 8 anatomy 7 9 ,limoges4 ,ab\t ! ye> #fch1 ,dagob]t is /at$ to h plac$ 8 rema9s 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,dionysius1 & s confid5t ( ?is fact 7 ! p ( ,poiti]s1 9 #acid1 t !y vehem5tly ass]t$ t !y _h 8 relics !re 9 p]fect safety4 8,calv9i/ic h]etics0 7 said to h burn$ ! mortal remnants ( ! great 8hamm] ( ! ,arians10 & ! ,pictavians took ?is me?od to meet ! calumny4 ,= aught we "k to ! contr>y !y 7 p]fectly "r1 & ! du/ ( _! bi%op is /ill re/+ peacefully 9 _! mid/4 ,= 8 works1 ! ,p>is edition ( #afic is ! be/2 b ! ,patrologia ( ,j4 ,p4 ,migne conta9s all t any "o c ne$ or c>e to see4 ,x is ! full repr9t ( ! ,p>is volumes1 toge!r ) biographical & critical notes1 9 ,lat91 prep>$ ) great dilig5ce & rese>*2 b1 ( c\rse1 f ! ,roman ,ca?olic po9t ( view4 ,,! ,,hymns ,,( ,,hil>y4 ,i4 ,,hymnus ,,matut9us4 #a4 ,lucis l>gitor spl5dide1 ,cujus s]5o lum9e ,po/ lapsa noctis tempora ,dies refusus p&itur2 #b4 ,tu v]us mundi ,lucif]1 ,non is1 qui p>vi sid]is ,v5turae lucis nuntius ,angu/o fulget lum9e1 #c4 ,s$ toto sole cl>ior1 ,lux ipse totus et dies1 ,int]na no/ri pectoris ,illum9ans praecordia3 #d4 ,ade/o1 r]um conditor1 ,pat]nae lucis gloria1 ,cujus admota gratia ,no/ra patescunt corpora2 #e4 ,tuoque pl5a spiritu1 ,secum ,deum ge/antia1 ,ne rapi5tis p]fidi ,diris patescant fraudibus1 #f4 ,ut int] actus seculi ,vitae quos usus exigit1 ,omni c>5tes crim9e ,tuis vivamus legibus4 #g4 ,probrosas m5tis ca/itas ,c>nis v9cat libid9es1 ,sanctumque puri corporis ,delubrum s]vet ,spiritus4 #h4 ,haec spes precantis animae1 ,haec sunt votiva mun]a1 ,ut matut9a nobis sit ,lux 9 noctis cu/odiam4 ,i4 ,a ,,morn+ ,,hymn4 #a4 ,?\ spl5did giv] ( ! light1 ,by ^: s]5e & lovely ray ,beyond ! gloomy %ades ( night ,is op5$ wide ano!r day6 #b4 ,?\ true ,light-be>] ( ! e>?1 ,f> m ?an he ^: sl5d] />1 ,son ( ! morn+1 9 its de>? ,( radiance %$s its beams af>6 #c4 ,b cle>] ?an ! sun may %9e1 ,all light & day 9 ,!e ,i f9d1 ,to fill my night ) glory f9e ,& purify my inn] m9d4 #d4 ,come ne>1 ,?\ mak] ( ! _w1 ,illu/ri\s 9 ?y ,fa!r's light1 ,f ^: free grace if we 7 hurl$1 ,body & s\l 7 ru9$ q4 #e4 ,fill ) ,?y ,_s e s5se1 ,t ,god's div9e & graci\s love ,may drive ,satanic tempt+s h5ce1 ,& blight _! falsehoods f above4 #f4 ,t 9 ! acts ( common toil ,:i* life dem&s f u ea* day1 ,we may1 )\t a /a9 or soil1 ,live 9 ,?y holy laws alway4 #g4 ,let *a/ity ( m9d prevail ,to conqu] e fle%ly lu/2 ,& keep ,?y temple )\t fail1 ,o ,holy ,gho/1 f fil? & du/4 #h4 ,?is hope is 9 my pray+ he>t-- ,^! are my v[s :i* n[ ,i pay2 ,t ?is sweet light may n dep>t1 ,b guide me purely ?r\gh ! day4 ,,ii4 ,,hymnus ,,matut9us4 #a4 ,deus1 ,pat] +5ite1 ,et ,fili unig5ite1 ,quos ,tr9itatis unitas ,sancto connectit ,spiritu4 #b4 ,te fru/ra nullus invocat1 ,nec cassis unquam vocibus ,amator tui lum9is ,ad coelum vultus erigit4 #c4 ,et tu suspirantem1 ,deus1 ,vel vota supplicantium1 ,vel corda confit5tium ,semp] b5ignus aspice4 #d4 ,nos lucis ortus admonet ,grates def]re debitas1 ,tibique laudes dic]e1 ,quod nox obscura praet]it4 #e4 ,et diem precamur bonum1 ,ut no/ros1 ,salvator1 actus ,s9c]itate p]peti ,pius b5igne in/ruas4 ,,ii4 ,a ,,morn+ ,,hymn4 #a4 ,et]nal ,fa!r1 ,god1 ,& sole-begott5 ,son1 ,:o ) ! ,holy ,gho/ ,art ev] ,?ree 9 ,"o4 #b4 ,none calle? ,!e 9 va91 ,nor yet ) empty cry ,do? he :o seeks ,?y light ,lift up 8 gaze on high4 #c4 ,d ,?\1 ,o ,god1 behold ,) m]cy !m t pray2 ,receive _! e>ne/ v[s ,& take _! guilt away4 #d4 ,! k9dl+ sky =ew>ns ,our s\ls :at praise we owe ,to ,him at ^: comm& ,! night has ceas$ bel[4 #e4 ,we ask a happy day1 ,t ,?\ %\ld/ guide our ways ,9 con/ant fai?fulness1 ,o ,savi\r1 to ,?y praise6 ,,iii4 ,,hymnus ,,p5teco/alis4 #a4 ,beata nobis gaudia ,anni r$uxit orbita1 ,cum ,spiritus p>aclitus ,illapsus e/ discipulis4 #b4 ,ignis vibrante lum9e ,l+uae figuram detulit1 ,v]bis ut ess5t pr(lui1 ,et *>itate f]vidi4 #c4 ,l+uis loquuntur omnium2 ,turbae pav5t g5tilium3 ,mu/o mad]e deputant1 ,quos ,spiritus replev]at4 #d4 ,patrata sunt haec my/ice1 ,pas*ae p]acto tempore1 ,sacro di]um circulo1 ,quo lege fit remissio4 #e4 ,te nunc1 ,deus piissime1 ,vultu precamur c]nuo3 ,illapsa nobis coelitus ,l>gire dona ,spiritus6 #f4 ,dudum sacrata pectora ,tua reple/i gratia1 ,dimitte no/ra crim9a1 ,et da quieta tempora6 ,,iii4 ,,:itsunday ,,hymn4 #a4 ,:at bless$ joys are ours1 ,:5 "t r5ews our ?\ght ,( t true ,com=t] ,on ! disciples br\ght4 #b4 ,) light ( quiv]+ flame ,9 fi]y tongues ,he fell1 ,& he>ts 7 w>m ) love ,& lips 7 quick to tell4 #c4 ,all tongues 7 loos5$ !n1 ,& fe>1 9 m51 awoke ,be=e t mighty p[] ,by :i* ! ,_s spoke4 #d4 ,a*iev$ 9 my/ic sign ,has be5 t pas*al fea/1 ,^: sacr$ li/ ( days ,! s\l f s9 releas$4 #e4 ,!e !n1 ,o holie/ ,"l1 ,we pray 9 humble guise ,to give su* heav5ly gifts ,be=e our lat] eyes4 #f4 ,fill consecrat$ brea/s ,) grace to keep ,?y ways2 ,%[ u =giv5ess n[1 ,& grant u quiet days4 ,,iv4 ,,hymnus ,,matut9us4 #a4 ,jam meta noctis transiit1 ,somni quies jam praet]it ,aurora surgit fulgida ,et sp>git coelum lux nova4 #b4 ,s$ cum diei spiculum ,c]namus1 h9c nos omnium ,ad te1 sup]ne ,lucif]1 ,preces necesse e/ fund]e4 #c4 ,te lucis sancte ,spiritus ,et c>itatis actibus ,ad in/> illud gloriae ,nos innovatos effice4 #d4 ,prae/a ,pat] piissime ,patrique comp> unice1 ,cum ,spiritu p>aclito ,nunc et p] omne saeculum4 ,,iv4 ,a ,,morn+ ,,hymn4 #a4 ,! limit ( ! night is pass$1 ,! quiet h\r ( sleep has fl$2 ,f> up ! lance ( dawn is ca/2 ,new light ^u ! heav5 is spread4 #b4 ,b :5 ?is sp>kle ( ! day ,our eyes disc]n1 !n1 ,"l ( light1 ,to ,!e our s\ls make ha/e to pray ,& (f] all _! wants aright4 #c4 ,o ,holy ,_s1 by ! de$s ,( ,?9e own light & *>ity1 ,r5ew u ?r\gh our e>?ly ne$s ,& cause u to be l to ,!e4 #d4 ,grant ?is1 ,o ,fa!r ev] bless$2 ,& ,holy ,son1 our heav5ly fri5d2 ,& ,holy ,gho/1 ,?\ com=t be/6 ,n[ & until all "t %all end4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pope ,,damasus ,,& ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,rhyme4 ,contempor>y ) ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s1 b probably a y\ng] man1 z he surviv$ him by sev5te5 ye>s1 0 ,damasus ( ,rome4 ,l _m o!r ,romans ( ! imp]ial p]iod1 he 0 a ,spani>d by bir?2 or1 at lea/1 he 0 ! son ( a ,spani>d :o _h remov$ to ,rome & _h become a deacon or presbyt] ( ! *ur* d$icat$ to ! memory ( ! ,roman m>tyr1 ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,( 8 own e>li] life we "k v little4 ,an extant epitaph records ! fact t he _h a si/] :o became a nun & di$ 9 h] tw5tie? ye>4 ,he himself s]v$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce until 8 sixtie? ye>1 :5 he 0 *os5 ,bi%op ( ,rome2 & 9 ! accept$ catalogue1 :i* beg9s ) ! ,apo/le ,pet]1 he ranks z ! ?irty-six? bi%op ( ! see4 ,he 0 *os5 bi%op 9 ,a4,d4 #cff1 because ( ! position he _h tak5 ) ref]5ce to ! controv]sy :i* !n agitat$ ! diocese1 & because ( ! firmness & weight ( "* he _h display$ 9 ! tr\bles ( ! ye>s be=e 8 election4 ,! great ,*ri/ological controv]sy 0 agitat+ ! ,*ur* ( bo? ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,! ,we/ 0 sub/antially 9 agreem5t ) ,a?anasius1 aga9/ bo? ! ,arians & ! semi-,arians1 & w\ld h be5 entirely s b = ! influ5ce ex]t$ by semi-,arian or ,arian emp]ors & ! c\rtly bi%ops ( _! p>ty4 ,con/antius1 ! la/ surviv+ son ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 0 exce$+ly zeal\s = ! semi-,arian doctr9e1 :i* reject$ ! /atem5t ( our ,"l's sub/antial id5tity ) ,8 ,fa!r1 b 0 will+ to ass]t ,8 sub/antial lik5ess4 ,x 0 only ! diff]5ce ( an iota 9 a ,greek ^w-- or --b if !re ev] 0 a case 9 :i* nei!r jot nor tittle mu/ be all[$ to pass away1 x 0 ?is4 ,lib]ius1 :o 0 elect$ ,bi%op ( ,rome 9 #ceb1 0 ! victim ( ,con/antius's policy4 ,9 #cec ! ,ea/ & ,we/ 7 unit$ "u 8 rule1 & t ye> at ,arles1 z 9 #cee at ,milan1 c\ncils 7 call$1 9 :i* ! condemnation ( ,a?anasius 0 procur$ by imp]ial bl&i%m5ts4 ,9 ! =m] ! presbyt] s5t by ,lib]ius to repres5t ! ,roman see subscrib$ ) ! majority4 ,b 9 ! second 8 ?ree repres5tatives obey$ _! in/ructions1 & accept$ disfavor & exile r ?an subscribe4 ,!n ,lib]ius himself 0 summon$ to ,milan1 & ! weight ( imp]ial ?reats & p]suasions 0 br\ght to be> ^u him4 ,he )/ood bo? manfully1 & dem&$ z a prelim9>y to any discussion ( ! *>ges aga9/ ,a?anasius1 t ! ,nic5e ,cre$ %\ld be subscrib$ by all p>ties1 & ! bani%$ bi%ops return$ to _! sees4 ,:5 giv5 8 *oice betwe5 submission & exile1 he *ose ! latt]4 ,! ,emp]or n[ s\ght among ! ,roman cl]gy = a man to put into ,lib]ius's place4 ,9 ,rome1 z 9 mo/ ( ! cities ( ! ,we/1 ,arians 7 n to be f\nd4 ,b 9 ! ,deacon ,felix ! c\rt p>ty obta9$ a c&idate :o1 :ile himself a ,tr9it>ian1 0 will+ to hold communion ) ! ,arians1 & presumably to condemn ,a?anasius4 ,( ! details ( 8 election & ord9ation little is kn[n1 b we f9d him in/all$ 9 ! ,roman see ) ! vigor\s support ( ! civil au?ority1 al?\gh n ) ! ass5t ( ! ,roman p4 ,! great body ( ! ,*ri/ians 9 ,rome are said to h refus$ communion ) him because he 0 ta9t$ by communion ) h]etics2 & :5 ,con/antius came to visit ! city1 he 0 besieg$ by ! ,*ri/ian ladies ( ! city ) appeals = ! re/oration ( ,lib]ius4 ,9 ! mean "t ?ree ye>s ( exile to ,?race1 :]e he 0 ?r[n ( set purpose into con/ant association ) bi%ops ( ! semi-,arian p>ty1 & isolat$ f 8 fri5ds1 _h brok5 ! _s ( ,lib]ius4 ,he 0 n a man ( /rong "*1 &1 un=tunately = ! !ory ( papal infallibility1 he yield$4 ,he sign$ a cre$ compil$ = ! occasion1 :i* describ$ ,*ri/ z ( l sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r1 & condemn$ ,a?anasius4#a ,he !n 0 all[$ to return to ,rome1 al?\gh ,felix ,,ii4 0 /ill ! recogniz$ bi%op4 ,con/antius seems to h =ese5 ! difficulties :i* w\ld att5d ! pres5ce ( ! two bi%ops 9 ! city1 & he cons5t$ to ! return ( ,lib]ius unwill+ly4 ,! body ( ! p & ( ! cl]gy at once ralli$ ar\nd ,lib]ius1 & reject$ ,felix altoge!r2 & ( ?is p>ty 0 ,damasus4 ,b :ile !y 7 will+ to condone 8 weakness 9 ! matt] ( condemn+ ,a?anasius1 !re 0 a p>ty ( m det]m9$ ,a?anasians :o refus$ to d s1 & ! diocese n[ 0 divid$ betwe5 ! ?ree factions4 ,t ( ,felix disappe>$ ) 8 own dea? 9 #cfj & ! dea? ( ,con/antius 9 #cfa4 ,b ! extreme ,a?anasians1 al?\gh !y did n attempt to set up a rival bi%op :ile ,lib]ius liv$1 p]petuat$ _! p>ty1 & !y probably receiv$ aid & com=t f a simil> p>ty :i* _h aris5 9 ! ,ea/1 9 opposition to ! wis] & m *>itable policy ( ,a?anasius himself4 ,?is p>ty 0 call$ ! ,lucif]ians1 f ,lucif]1 ,bi%op ( ,cagli>i1 9 ,s>d9ia1 :o 0 9 exile 9 ! ,ea/ at ! "t :5 ?is "q 0 rais$ !re aft] ! dea? ( ,con/antius4 ,9 #cfg ,lib]ius di$1 & ! s*ism at once %[$ itself 9 ,rome4 ,damasus 0 *os5 & orda9$ bi%op 9 ! regul> =m by ! fri5ds ( ,lib]ius1 :o 7 ! great majority4 ,b ! ,deacon ,ursic9us 0 *os5 by ! ,lucif]ian p>ty1 & orda9$ by bi%ops ( t p>ty 9 ! basilica ( ,/4 ,sic9us4 ,un=tunately ! prefect ( ! city 0 a weak & ineffective man1 :o 0 q unable to pres]ve peace betwe5 ! two factions4 ,x soon came to bl[s betwe5 !m1 & ! pagan hi/orian1 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 tells u ) :at result3 8,damasus & ,urs9us be+ eag] beyond measure to secure possession ( ! bi%op's seat1 c>ri$ on ! conflict mo/ bitt]ly & ) divisive p>tisan%ip1 _! support]s c>ry+ _! qu>rels to ! po9t ( inflict+ dea? & w\nds4 ,z ,juv5tius 0 unable ei!r to suppress or abate ^! evils1 he yield$ to ! viol5ce & )drew to ! suburbs4 ,& 9 ! /ruggle ,damasus ov]came1 z 8 p>ty 0 ! m det]m9$ ( ! two4 ,x is admitt$ t 9 ! basilica ( ,sic9us1 :i* is a place ( assemblage = ,*ri/ian wor%ip1 !re 7 f\nd 9 "o day "o hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 corpses ( ^? :o _h be5 done to dea?2 & also t ! excitem5t ( ! populace abat$ sl[ly & ) difficulty aft] ! affair 0 ov]40 8,see h[ ^! ,*ri/ians love "o ano!r60 0 a comm5t made by pagans on ! _s :i* _h prevail$ 9 ! e>li] ,*ur*4 ,!y n[ might h said x ironically4 ,x is impossible to acquit ,damasus ( all responsibility 9 ! matt]1 z he 0 a man ( em95t ability & influ5ce1 & might h put an end to ^! sc5es ( viol5ce if he _h ex]t$ 8 au?ority4 ,x is equally impossible to believe t he took any "p 9 !m4 ,!n1 z 9 ! ,re=mation times1 :at ,john ,knox calls 8! raskill multitude0 greatly enjoy$ an opportunity to %[ h[ great _! zeal = religion1 9 any o!r %ape b t ( obey+ its precepts4 8,set ,jehu to pull+ d[n idols10 said an old ,puritan1 8& see h[ zeal\s he c be40 ,! s*ism did n end ) ! bloody /ruggle ar\nd ! basilica ( ,/4 ,sic9us4 ,x is true t ! civil au?ority n[ int]pos$ & bani%$ ! bi%op ( ! ,lucif]ian p>ty4 ,b he aft]w>d 0 all[$ to return1 & aga9 ! tr\bles reviv$ & ceas$ only ) 8 second bani%m5t4 ,ev5 :5 ! ,emp]or ,gratian gave ,damasus ! entire jurisdiction ov] ! bi%ops & prie/s involv$ 9 ! s*ism1 ) a view to ! f9al suppression ( ^! disputes1 ! extremi/s l+]$ on4 ,aft] ,ursic9us !re 0 yet ano!r ,lucif]ian bi%op ( ,rome2 & by a curi\s freak ( controv]sial zeal ! memory ( ,felix 0 consecrat$ z t ( an oppon5t ( ,lib]ius1 & a my?ical acc\nt ( _! relations 0 giv5 curr5cy1 :i* has result$ 9 ! elevation ( ,felix to ! rank ( 8pope & m>tyr10 on ! gr\nd t ,con/antius _h him behead$ = 8 loyalty to ! ,nic5e fai?6#b ,damasus made an excell5t record 9 8 see1 aft] ! abat+ ( ! tr\bles :i* att5d$ 8 accession to x4 ,he left no room = d\bt z to 8 or?odoxy4 ,= ! fir/ "t s9ce ! great controv]sy broke out 9 ,alex&ria1 ! :ole weight & influ5ce ( ! great ,roman see 0 ?r[n unres]v$ly & effectively on ! ,a?anasian side4 ,! accession ( ,val5t9ian 7#cfd-ge7 to ! imp]ial au?ority 9 ! ,we/ once m ?rew ! weight ( c\rt influ5ce on ! o!r side2 b intol]ance 0 n c>ri$ to ! same ext5t z by ,con/antius4 ,at e /age ( ! discussion we f9d ,damasus outspok5 on behalf ( ! ,nic5e fai?1 & 9 support ( ,a?anasius4 ,9 #cfh he held a synod at ,rome1 9 :i* ! ,illyrian bi%ops ,ursacius & ,val5s1 :o 7 try+ to ,arianize ! ,we/1 7 condemn$ z h]etics2 & 9 #cgj ano!r 9 :i* ! same condemnation 0 met$ out to ,aux5tius1 ! ,bi%op ( ,milan4 ,be=e he di$ he saw ! second ,g5]al ,c\ncil meet at ,con/ant9ople & lay ! ban ( ! ,*ur* on all ! compromises ) ,arianism4 ,! see ( ,rome already _h become a place ( great spl5dor & influ5ce4 8,make me ,bi%op ( ,rome10 ! pagan s5ator ,praetextatus said to him1 8& ,i w be a ,*ri/ian to-morr[40 ,damasus seems to h enjoy$ ! pomp & %[ & opportunities = outlay & = influ5ce :i* 8 position secur$ him4 ,b !re 0 mu* 9 8 adm9i/ration ( 8 diocese :i* comm5ds him to our sympa?ies & ev5 our admiration4 ,he seems to h be5 ! fir/ to h tak5 a g5u9e int]e/ 9 ! ,catacombs--! great und]gr\nd burial-places :i* are s ri* 9 memorials ( ! ,*ur*'s primitive & m>tyr ages4 ,he fo/]$ _! use z places ( pilgrimage & reunion = ! p ( 8 own diocese & pilgrims f o!rs4 ,he con/ruct$ ! /aircases :i* made !m accessible1 ! well-lights = _! illum9ation & v5tilation1 & ! *apels = collective wor%ip4 ,"h ,*ri/5dom1 9 ! day ( its triumph1 ga!r$ to commemorate ^? :o _h be5 fai?ful :5 ! ,*ur* 0 "u ! cross1 & ,prud5tius 9 8 ,p]i/ephanon has left u a lively picture ( ! eag] multitudes :o resort$ ?i!r on ! fe/ival days1 "s f ,rome itself1 o!rs f ! ,etrurian & ,sab9e villages1 ?rong+ ev5 ! great roads to ! city to _! utmo/ capacity3 8,f e>ly morn !y press ?i!r to greet ! sa9ts4 ,! multitude comes & goes until ev5+4 ,!y kiss ! poli%$ plates ( silv] :i* cov] ! grave ( ! m>tyr4 ,!y (f] inc5se1 & te>s ( emotion /ream f ! eyes ( all40 ,:51 aft] long c5turies ( =getfulness1 ! ,catacombs 7 reop5$ 9 #aegh by ,antonio ,bosio1 traces ( ^! pilgrimages 7 f\nd 9 ! graffiti or rude *alk-inscriptions left on ! walls ( ! passages by ! ,italian peasants ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies4 ,!re also 7 f\nd ! inscriptions 9 v]se1 compos$ by ,damasus1 & cut 9 /one by 8 fri5d1 ,furius ,filocalus1 :o devis$ an ornam5tal alphabet = ! purpose4 ,9 "o ( ^! ,filocalus describes himself z "o :o 8rev]5c$ & lov$ ,pope ,damasus0 7,damasi papae cultor atque amator74 ,ano!r side ( 8 activity has be5 br\ght into light by m rec5t rese>*es 9 ,rome4 ,pr(essor ,lanciani says t to ,damasus belongs also ! honor ( hav+ f\nd$ ! fir/ public libr>y ( ,*ri/5dom3 8,! f9e/ libr>ies ( ! fir/ c5turies ( ,*ri/5dom 71 ( c\rse1 9 ,rome4444 ,su* 0 ! importance attribut$ to books 9 ^? e>ly days ( our fai? t1 9 ,*ri/ian basilicas1 or places ( wor%ip1 !y 7 kept 9 ! place ( honor--next to ! episcopal *air4 ,_m ( ! basilicas :i* we discov] f "t to "t1 especially 9 ! ,campagna1 h ! apse tri*ora--t is1 divid$ into ?ree small hemicycles4 ,! reason ( ?is peculi> =m 0 long s\ght 9 va92 b a rec5t discov]y made at ,hispalis proves t ( ! ?ree hemicycles ! c5tral "o conta9$ ! tribunal or episcopal *air1 ! "o on ! "r ! sacr$ implem5ts1 ! "o on ! left ! sacr$ books4 8,! fir/ build+ erect$ 9 ,rome1 "u ! ,*ri/ian rule1 = ! /udy & pres]vation ( books & docum5ts1 0 ! ,ar*ivum 7,ar*ives7 ( ,pope ,damasus4 ,?is j & ent]pris+ pope1 ! la/ repres5tative ( good old ,roman traditions z reg>ds ! magnific5ce & usefulness ( 8 public /ructures1 modell$ 8 e/abli%m5t on ! patt]n ( ! typical libr>y at ,p]gamos2 ( :i* ! ,palat9e ,libr>y 9 ,rome _h be5 ! wor?y rival4 ,he began by rais+ 9 ! c5tre a hall ( basilical type1 :i* he d$icat$ to ,/4 ,lawr5ce10 & :i* 80 surr\nd$ by a squ>e portico1 into :i* op5$ ! rooms or cells conta9+ ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( ! ar*ives & ( ! libr>y40 ,a commemorative inscription1 compos$ by ,damasus himself1 9 hexamet]s1 sev5 9 numb]1 0 set 9 front ( ! build+ above ! ma9 entrance4 ,! text has be5 discov]$ 9 a ,,ms4 =m]ly at ,heidelb]g1 n[ 9 ! ,vatican4 ,! fir/ f\r hexamet]s d n br+ out 9 a good light ! poetical faculties ( ! wor?y pontiff--9 fact _! real mean+ has n yet be5 asc]ta9$2 b ! la/ ?ree v]ses are m intelligible3 #8,ar*ibis1 fateor1 volui nova cond]e tecta2 ,add]e praet]ea dextra laevaque columnas1 ,quae ,damasi t5eant proprium p] saecula nom54' 8,ar\nd ! apse ( ! inn] hall !re 0 ano!r di/i* ( ab\t ! same poetical value1 ! text ( :i* has be5 discov]$ 9 a ,,ms4 at ,v]dun3 #8,haec ,damasi tibi1 ,*ri/e ,deus1 nova tecta levavi ,laur5ti saeptus m>tyris auxilio4' 8,m5tion ( ,damasus's ,ar*ives is frequ5tly made 9 ! docum5ts ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies4 ,j]ome calls !m *>t>ium ecclesiae ,romanae40#c ,b a /ill m la/+ monum5t ( 8 fame is ! ,lat9 ,vulgate1 :i* he incit$ ,j]ome--z ! ,engli%-speak+ _w calls ,sophronius ,eusebius ,hi]onymus--to prep>e = ! ,*ur* ( ! ,we/4 ,f a v e>ly "t ,lat9 translations ( ! ,scriptures f ! ,greek v]sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,greek orig9al ( ! ,new ,te/am5t _h be5 9 exi/5ce4 ,b al?\gh !re 7 two well recogniz$ types ( ^! e>ly v]sions--! ,italian & ! ,african--!re 0 s little uni=mity t !re 7 8almo/ z _m v]sions z copies40 ,j]ome 0 a man ( classical culture & a close /ud5t ( ! ,scriptures1 :i* he c\ld read 9 ,hebrew z well z 9 ,greek & ,lat94 ,he came to ,rome f ,syria 9 #chb1 to ask ! aid ( ,damasus 9 behalf ( ! ,lucif]ian s*ism at ,antio*--a matt] 9 :i* ! ,bi%op ( ,rome h>dly c\ld m$dle4 ,ev5 be=e 8 arrival he _h be5 9 correspond5ce ) ,damasus & _h writt5 = him an exposition ( ! vision ( ! ,s]aphim 9 ,isaiah #f4 ,damasus call$ a synod 9 :i* ! s*ism at ,antio* 0 discuss$1 b no result rea*$4 ,x is said t 9 ?is synod he exhort$ ,j]ome to take up ! "w ( giv+ ! ,*ur* a good ,lat9 v]sion ( ! ,bible4 ,a n9?-c5tury writ] says he put him 9 *>ge ( ! ,ar*ivum1 or public libr>y1 describ$ by ,pr(essor ,lanciani4 ,lat] writ]s speak ( him1 )\t mu* w>rant1 z ,damasus's secret>y4 ,x seems probable t ,damasus reg>d$ him z a desirable man = ! bi%opric :5 8 own dea? %\ld leave x vacant4 ,b :5 8 dea? came 9 #chd1 ! ,dalmatian s*ol> 0 pass$ ov]1 p]haps because he 0 n a ,roman1 & a mu* small] man ?an ei!r ,damasus or ,j]ome 0 *os5 in/ead4 ,s ,j]ome w5t back to ! ,ea/ & e/abli%$ himself at ,be?lehem4 ,betwe5 #chb & #djd he complet$ 8 v]sion ( ! ,scriptures1 :i* is ( especial importance to ! /ud5t ( ,lat9 hymnology1 z x /&s 9 mu* ! same relation to ! ,lat9 hymns ( ! fif? & lat] c5turies z does ! ,engli% ,bible to ! ,engli% hymn-writ]s4 ,x controls _! vocabul>y & expla9s _! allusions4 ,z a poet ,damasus does n take v high rank4 ,we h se5 ,pr(essor ,lanciani's op9ion ( 8 inscriptions4 ,"s =ty poems are attribut$ to him1 b only a v few ( ^! conc]n u "h4 ,9 ! ,cottonian ,,mss4 !re is a copy ( rhym$ 8,v]ses ( ,damasus to 8 ,fri5d0 7,v]sus ,damasi ad ,amicum suum71 :i* w\ld be int]e/+ to u if we 7 sure t ,sir ,alex&] ,croke is "r 9 assum+ t ?is is our ,damasus4 ,b ! "n 8,ra9alde0 9 ! fir/ l9e w\ld h>dly occur 9 a ,lat9 poem by a ,roman au?or ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,!re is no reason1 h[ev]1 to call 9 "q ! two hymns--"o to ! ,m>tyr ,aga?a & ! o!r to ! ,apo/le ,&rew--:i* are ascrib$ to him 9 ! collections4 ,& ! =m] is especially rem>kable z be+ ! olde/ hymn 9 :i* rhyme is employ$ int5tionally & ?r\gh\t4 ,( c\rse if x 7 true t ,hil>y wrote ! ,jesu refulsit omnium or ! ,jesu quadrig5>iae1 :i* sometimes are pr9t$ z 81 we %\ld be oblig$ to assign to him ! honor ?us claim$ = ,damasus4 ,b ! prepond]ance ( evid5ce & ( presumption is aga9/ ascrib+ ^! hymns to him4 ,ko* assigns ! latt] to ! fif? c5tury & n to ! f\r?4 ,mone ascribes ! =m] to "o ( ! e>ly ,iri% hymn-writ]s1 ^: "n is lo/ to u4 ,he f9ds 9 x a t5d5cy to allit]ative con/ruction1 :i* indicates ei!r ,celtic or ,teutonic au?or%ip2 & he is decid$ = ! =m] by ! mixture ( ,greek words1 :i* 0 a favorite practice ) ! ,iri% hymn writ]s4 ,also ! metrical =m is "o affect$ by !m4 ,on ^! gr\nds x is fair to claim t ! hymn ( ,damasus m>ks ! introduction ( end-rhymes into ! ,lat9 hymns4 ,rhyme 0 by no means unkn[n 9 ! poetry ( ! ,greeks & ! ,romans4 ,b 9 languages :i* occupi$ t /age ( grammatical developm5t 9 :i* ! relations ( words are express$ by t]m9ations1 ! resemblances 9 ^! 7 s num]\s & s con/ant t rhyme mu/ h appe>$ r a *eap =m = poetry4 ,s 9 ?is /age we f9d ! ,s\!rn ,aryans ( ,europe employ+ ! quantity ( syllables & ^? ( ,nor!rn ,europe ! co9cid5ces ( initial s\nds 7/abreim or allit]ation7 & assonance 9 _! v]se4 ,x 0 :5 ! developm5t ( languages sub/itut$ auxili>y & connect+ words = t]m9ations t ! co9cid5ces ( f9al s\nds became s mu* a s\rce ( pleasure to ! e> z to ju/ify _! cont9u\s employm5t = t purpose4 ,b besides ! occasional occurr5ce ( rhyme 9 classic poetry--z 9 ,virgil's fam\s jeu d' esprit1 8,sic vos non vobis edificatis aves10 etc4-- !re seems to h exi/$ =ms ( popul> ,lat9 v]se 9 :i* rhyme & acc5t held ! place :i* quantity held 9 classic poetry4 ,x is ?is popul> =m ( v]se :i* ! ,*ur*'s hymns began to reproduce1 j z !y also 9 _m cases are writt5 9 t l+ua ru/ica1 or c\ntrifi$ spee* ( ! peasantry ( ,italy & ,france1 :i* 0 to become ! basis ( ! ,romance languages4 ,x is a matt] ( dispute :e!r ! ,saturnian v]se-=m1 to ^: e>ly preval5ce & prolong$ exi/5ce among ! classes n p]vad$ by ,greek culture ,horace alludes1 0 bas$ on an acc5tual scansion or m]ely on a numb]+ ( syllables & a rude approa* to quantity4 ,! g5]al cons5sus ( s*ol>s is t ! ,saturnian metres 7 bas$ on acc5t1 & t rhyme1 :i* is ! natural & inv>iable product ( ! acc5tual scansion1 0 also 9 use4#d ,s ?is hidd5 curr5t ( rhym$ & acc5t$ poetry ( ! common p rose to light aga9 aft] _m ages 9 ! hymns ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,?us ,damasus br+s u to ! p>t+ ( ! ways4 ,9 ,hil>y1 ,ambrose & 8 s*ool1 ,prud5tius1 ,ennodius1 ,=tunatus1 ,elpis1 ,gregory1 & ,b$e we h ! p]petuation ( ! classic tradition ( quantitative v]se 9 ! s]vice ( ,*ri/5dom & = ! e> ( ! cultivat$ classes4 ,& :ile t tradition expires 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 we see x revive aga9 9 ! sacr$ poets ( ! ,r5aissance--9 ,za*>ius ,f]r>i1 ,george ,fabricius1 ,m>cus ,antonius ,muretus1 ,famiano ,/rada & ! o!r revis]s ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 ! two ,santeuls 9 ! ,brevi>y ( ,clugny1 & ,*>les ,c(f9 9 ! ,p>is ,brevi>y4 ,b ,damasus /&s at ! head ( a /ill m illu/ri\s l9e4 ,cat*+1 p]haps1 f ! ,etruscan & ,sab9e peasants1 :o ?rong$ ! ,catacombs on ! day :5 ! ,m>tyr ,aga?a 0 commemorat$1 ! acc5ts ( ! popul> poetry1 he became ! f\nd] ( ! tradition :i* lives 9 ! broad] curr5t ( ,lat9 sacr$ song4 ,9 ?is l9e ( succession we f9d already a few ( ! ,ambrosian hymns1 & !n a long s]ies 9 :i* ! two ,b]n>ds1 ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor1 ,?omas ( ,celano1 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 & ,bonav5tura are ! mo/ illu/ri\s names4 ,& z inde$ ! tradition ( acc5t & rhyme seems to h made its way into ! lit]ature ( ! mod]n _w ?r\gh ! ,lat9 hymns1 ,dante & all ! great poets :o h illu/rat$ its p[] to give pleasure might be said to belong "h4 ,! hymn 9 commemoration ( ! ,m>tyr ,aga?a--^: /ory ( suff]+ & triumph _h seiz$ on ! imag9ation ( ! p z did ^? ( ! m>tyrs ,cecilia & ,seba/ian--we give ) ! ,engli% v]sion ( ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,anketell1 :i* he has k9dly p]mitt$ u to use4 ,m>tyris ecce dies ,aga?ae ,virg9is emicat eximiae1 ,*ri/us eam ,sibi qua sociat1 ,et diadema duplex decorat4 ,/irpe dec5s1 elegans specie1 ,s$ magis actibus atque fide3 ,t]rea prosp]a nil reputans ,jussa ,dei sibi corde ligans4 ,=tior haec trucibusque viris ,exposuit sua membra flagris1 ,pectore quam fu]it valido ,torta mamilla docet patulo4 ,deliciae cui c>c] erat1 ,pa/or ovem ,petrus hanc recreat1 ,laetior inde magisque flagrans ,cuncta flagella cucurrit ovans4 ,e?nica turba rogum fugi5s1 ,hujus et ipsa m]etur opem3 ,quos fidei titulus decorat1 ,8 ,v5]em magis ipsa premat4 ,jam r5it5s quasi sponsa polo1 ,pro mis]o rogitet ,damaso1 ,sic sua fe/a coli faciat1 ,se celebrantibus ut faveat4 ,gloria cum ,patre sit ,g5ito1 ,spirituique pro9de sacro1 ,qui ,deus unus et omnipot5s ,hanc no/ri faciat memorem4 ,fair z ! morn 9 ! deep blu%+ ,ea/1 ,dawns ! bright day ( ,sa9t ,aga?a's fea/2 ,*ri/ :o has borne h] f labor to re/1 ,cr[ns h] z ,virg9 & ,m>tyr mo/ ble/4 ,noble by bir? & ( beautiful face1 ,ri*] by f> 9 h] de$s & h] grace1 ,e>?'s fleet+ honors & ga9s %e despis$1 ,god's holy w & comm&m5ts %e priz$4 ,brav] & nobl] ?an m]ciless foes1 ,will+ h] limbs to ! sc\rge to expose2 ,weakly %e sank n by angui% oppress$1 ,:5 cruel torture de/roy$ h] fair brea/4 ,!n h] d>k dungeon 0 fill$ ) delight1 ,pet] ! %eph]d refre%$ h] by night2 ,=? to h] tortures rejoic+ %e w5t1 ,?ank+ h] ,god = ! trials he s5t4 ,b>b>\s pagans1 escap+ _! doom1 ,honor h] virtues t bright5 _! gloom2 ,!y :om ! title ( fai? ha? adorn$1 ,l h]1 e>?'s possessions & pleasures h scorn$4 ,radiant & glori\s1 a heav5ly bride1 ,%e to ! ,"l = ! wret*$ ha? cri$2 ,s 9 h] honor y\r praises employ1 ,t ye too may %>e 9 h] triumph & joy4 ,praise to ! ,fa!r & praise to ! ,son1 ,praise to ! ,_s1 ! ble/ ,?ree 9 ,"o2 ,god ( all might 9 ,heav5's glory array$1 ,praise = ?y grace 9 ?y s]vant display$4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ,mr4 ,anketell1 9 ! second l9e ( ! six? v]se1 foll[s ! read+ pref]r$ by ,daniel3 ,pro mis]is supplica ,dom9o1 :i* omits ! ,pope's "n4 ,b x seems mu* m unlikely t ?is l9e %\ld be alt]$ to ! l9e z giv5 above1 ?an t ! contr>y *ange %\ld h be5 made4 ,em5dators g5]ally pass f ! concrete to ! vague1 f ! specific to ! g5]al4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,ambrose4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! ,ambrosian hymns obta9$ mu* ( _! e>lie/ recognition 9 ,spa94 ,at lea/ s runs ! /atem5t ( ,c>d9al ,?omasius1 :o edit$ ! ,moz>abic 7,spani%7 ,brevi>y4 ,he says3 8,x is n d\btful t 9 ! sev5? c5tury ( ! ,*ur*1 :5 ! ,spani% ,*ur* especially fl\ri%$1 ! ,ambrosian hymns 7 ev]y:]e 9 vogue40 ,! ,concilium ,aga!nse 7,c\ncil ( ,agde 9 ,s\!rn ,france1 ,a4,d4 #ejf71 :i* conc]n$ itself *iefly ) matt]s ( discipl9e1 orda9$ t hymns %\ld be sung morn+ & ev5+1 & at ! conclusion ( mat9s1 vesp]s1 & masses4 ,^! & simil> enactm5ts _h ref]5ce to ! body ( hymns :i* _h receiv$ ! "n ( ! ,bi%op ( ,milan4 ,!n1 z n[1 !y =m$ ! true fragrant c$>-he>t ( ! old psalmody1 & x is f _! /ructure t ! ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o 7#fcc7 drew its fam\s def9ition4 ,! ,c\ncil said3 8,proprie autem hymni sunt cont95tes laudem ,dei4 ,si ergo sit laus1 et non sit ,dei1 non e/ hymnus4 ,si sit et laus ,dei laus sic et non cantatur non e/ hymnus4 ,si ergo laudem ,dei dicitur et cantatur1 tunc e/ hymnus40 ,t is to say3 8,hymns prop]ly conta9 ! praise ( ,god4 ,if !re=e !re be praise1 b n ( ,god1 ?is is no hymn4 ,if !re be praise1 praise ( ,god1 b n capable ( be+ sung1 ?is is no hymn4 ,if !re=e ! praise ( ,god be bo? compos$ & sung1 x is !n a hymn40 ,! au?or :o is ?us honor$ z ! fir/ great lead] ( ! ,*ur*'s praise 0 born at ,treves1 9 ,gaul1 ab\t ! ye> #cdj 7or1 z "s say1 #ccd74 ,8 fa!r 0 a ,roman noble :o became praetorian prefect ( ! prov9ce ( ,gallia ,n>bon5sis2 & z ,hi!r ,gaul 0 an important region1 x c be easily se5 t ! "y ,ambrose 0 re>$ 9 ! mid/ ( weal? & p[]4 ,8 "m 0 a le>n$ woman & he naturally imbib$ lett]s z he grew up4 ,a tradition1 :i* is probably bas$ on fact1 assures u t ev5 9 8 cradle he 0 m>k$ = fame4 ,a sw>m ( bees came d[n ^u him1 & ! amaz$ nurse saw !m clu/]$ ab\t 8 v m\? )\t h>m+ him4 ,?is 0 ! same prodigy :i* _h be5 relat$ ( ,plato1 & h5ce 8 p>5ts imag9$ a high de/9y = ! lad4 ,x 0 inde$ a s+ul> & sugge/ive comm5t>y on 8 future life4 ,he pres]v$ 8 equanimity amid a great deal ( buzz+2 & ! sweetness ( 8 spee* won to him no less a conv]t ?an ! great ,augu/9e4 ,8 entire c>e] 0 wor?y ( ! sa9t$ ,so!ria1 8 ance/ress1 :o 0 m>tyr$ = ! fai? "u ,diocletian4 ,he appe>s to u a man ( bo? "* & consci5ce4 ,8 education 0 giv5 him at ,rome1 & 8 bro!r ,satyrus & himself w5t to ,milan to practice at ! b>4 ,8 success z a plead] 0 great4 ,he became fir/ assessor to ! prefect ) ! rank ( ,consul>is1 ^: headqu>t]s 7 n[ at ,milan2 & subsequ5tly he took *>ge ( ,liguria & ,emilia4 ,= 9 #cfi we f9d him1 by appo9tm5t ( ! ,emp]or ,val5t9ian1 prefect ( ,upp] ,italy & ,milan4 ,8 position is sometimes /yl$ t ( 8consul>10 sometimes t ( 8gov]nor10 & sometimes t ( 8praetor0 or imp]ial presid5t1 :i* la/ p]haps ! easie/ designation = mod]n e>s & c>ries ! pla9e/ mean+ ) x4 ,n[ ,milan 0 ! capital ( ,liguria & x 0 ! bus9ess ( ! praetor to preside 9 ! /ead ( ! ,emp]or ov] ! *oice ( a bi%op4 ,aux5tius1 an ,arian1 :o _h held ?is (fice1 di$ 9 #cgd & a new election 0 necess>y4 ,?is 0 n an easy matt]1 = ! feud betwe5 ! ,ca?olics & ! ,arians 0 at fev]-heat1 & riot+ & blood%$ 7 v c]ta9 to occur4 ,! praetor call$ to m9d ! advice ( ,probus1 prefect ( ,italy1 :o _h once *>g$ him to adm9i/] ! affairs ( 8 region 8l a bi%op40 ,he !re=e tri$ to ca/ oil ^u ! wat]s4 ,8 g5ial gravity & calm s]5ity ( _s aid$ ! impression he meant to produce4 ,bo? factions gaz$ ^u him ) delight4 ,8 attitude 0 s unp>tisan z to *>m ev]ybody1 & x 0 v natural t ?is eloqu5t repres5tative ( ! ,emp]or %\ld c>ry ! suffrages ( ! ?rong4 ,& j :5 ! int]e/ 0 mo/ int5se & ! confid5ce greate/1 a *ild cri$ out1 8,let ,ambrose be bi%op10 & ! cr[d caught ! contagion at once4 ,9 lat] days x 0 malici\sly said t ,ambrose _h himself contriv$ ?is sc5e ) an eye to ! /age effect--t = all 8 app>5t humility ! com+ bi%op set /ore by ! (fice & want$ to obta9 x--t1 9 %ort1 8 reluctance to receive x & ev5 8 precipitate flight f ! city 7 pre>rang$6 ,m ?an ?is1 x has be5 ass]t$ t ! v>i\s s*emes & subt]fuges to avoid becom+ bi%op 7 kn[n to & abett$ by 8 fri5ds1 :o 7 ( ! or?odox p>ty & desir$ to h _! c&idate elect$4 ,! be/ reply t c be giv5 is ! "* ( ! man himself4 ,su* a p]son mu/ h ent]ta9$ ! highe/ rev]5ce = su* an (fice4 ,9 8 adm9i/ration ( its c>es & duties he %[$ a consci\s supremacy ov] e worldly consid]ation4 ,9 8 f9al acceptance ( x he ev9c$ no less ( self-d5ial ?an ( s9c]ity4 ,& x is incr$ible t s mighty a m9d z t ( ,augu/9e c\ld h be5 caught by ! glitt]+ empt9ess ( a hypocritical or self-seek+ nature4 ,we may well *>ge ^! calumnies to _! prop] s\rces--^?1 namely1 ( disappo9t$ ambition or ( envi\s malignity4 ,! record ( ?is endeavor to escape (fice reads s+ul>ly en\gh4 ,he fir/ put "s crim9als to ! torture1 hop+ by ?is means to %ock ! p ?r\gh 8 h>d-he>t$ ju/ice4 ,:5 ?is w\ld n d he av[$ philosophic r ?an ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts4 ,hav+ aga9 fail$1 he welcom$ "s v pr(ligate p]sons--m5 & wom5--to 8 palace 9 a way to invite sc&al4 ,?is exp$i5t be+ also detect$ he actually escap$ f ! city by night1 b lo/ 8 way & f\nd himself 9 front ( ! gates :5 morn+ dawn$4 ,?is be+ 8 f\r? unavail+ ef=t1 he fl$ to a fri5d's h\se 9 ! c\ntry1 begg+ t he might lie hidd5 !re until ! fir/ ru% ( feel+ _h be5 /emm$ & he c\ld hope = calm] consid]ation ( 8 refusal4 ,b ! fri5d imm$iately betray$ him = 8 own good1 & ?is well-meant trea*]y fa/5$ ! mitre firmly on 8 br[4 ,basil ! ,great glori$ 9 ?is new coadjutor2 & at ! age ( ?irty-f\r or !reab\ts1 he himself became conv9c$ t he c\ld /ruggle no long] aga9/ 8 fate4 ,x 0 ?us t ,ambrose f9ally assum$ ! episcopate1 & x 0 soon evid5t t ?is cate*um5--= he _h n ev5 be5 previ\sly baptiz$--respect$ its dignities & meant t o!rs %\ld be ( ! same m9d z himself4 ,he gave up 8 private =tune1 sell+ 8 l>ge e/ates & p]sonal prop]ty1 & res]v+ f !m only a prop] all[ance to 8 si/] ,m>cell9a1 :o _h e>ly tak5 ! v[ ( virg9ity4 ,he associat$ ) ?is proce$+ ! mo/ /rict me?od ( liv+4 8,he accept$ no invitations to banquets2 took d9n] only on ,sunday1 ,saturday1 & ! fe/ivals ( celebrat$ m>tyrs2 devot$ ! great] "p ( ! night to pray]1 to ! hi!rto necess>ily neglect$ /udy ( ! ,scriptures & ! ,greek fa!rs & to !ological writ+2 prea*$ e ,sunday & (t5 9 ! week2 0 accessible to all1 mo/ accessible to ! poor & ne$y2 & adm9i/]$ 8 spiritual ov]sight1 p>ticul>ly 8 in/ruction ( cate*um5s1 ) ! greate/ fidelity40 ,?is is ! "*1 admirably cond5s$1 ( a model bi%op4 ,to its fulfilm5t x requires ! f]v5t piety ( a true ,*ri/ian & ! con/ant zeal ( an acute /ud5t toge!r ) ! l>ge prud5ce ( a man ( affairs4 ,all ^! are abundantly f\nd 9 ,ambrose4 ,& if x happ5$ t 9 o!r & worse times 8 ass]tion ( ! spiritual indep5d5ce ( a bi%op gave a f\ndation = :at became ! au?ority ( ! pope1 x may be prop]ly retort$ t = him n to h done s !n w\ld h prev5t$ _m ano!r bett] ?+ 9 lat] ages4 ,he 0 a m poli%$ s*ol> ?an ,hil>y1 & a m dev\t ,*ri/ian ?an ,damasus4 ,h5ce x 0 t 8 en]gy & skill contribut$ l>gely to ! success ( ! ,nic5e or?odoxy 9 ! ,we/4 ,^? times 7 tr\bl\s1 & a *e]ful & sun%9y temp] l t ( ,ambrose 0 a va/ auxili>y to ! cause4 ,he _h be5 consecrat$ 9 #cgd1 eight days aft] 8 election2 & 9 #chb he presid$ at ! synod 9 ,aquileia :i* depos$ ,palladius & ,secundianus1 ! ,arian bi%ops4 ,by s do+1 & by 8 g5]al attitude1 he incurr$ ! ang] ( ,ju/9a1 ^: son1 ! y\ng] ,val5t9ian1 he always upheld & %ield$4 ,! ,empress1 h[ev]1 det]m9$ to deal ) him a good deal z ,ahab's wife dealt ) ,elijah4 ,?is comp>ison takes additional po9t f ! use :i* ,ambrose himself made ( ! /ory ( ,nabo? 9 8 def5ce ( ! ,portian ,*ur*4 ,he _h already enc\nt]$ ! sm\ld]+ idolatry ( old ,rome1 head$ by ! rhetorician1 ,symma*us2 b ! eloqu5ce ( ,ambrose _h borne d[n all opposition & t conflict 0 n[ at an end4 ,a v9dictive woman 01 h[ev]1 a great] dang] ?an a clev] orator1 & he f\nd ?is true :5 ,ju/9a1 ! ,empress-"m1 alli$ h]self ) ! h]etical ,arians4 ,8 pi\s zeal 0 k9dl$ 9 a mom5t4 ,give up *ur*es to su* a s*ismatic set z ^!8 ,nev]6 ,x 0 at ,ea/] 9 ! ye> #chf t ! ,portian ,*ur* & its holy vessels 7 dem&$ = ! use ( ! o!r p>ty4 ,!n /ood up bo? ! old ,roman & ! new ,*ri/ian 9 ! s+le p]son ( ! ,bi%op ( ,milan4 ,he comp>$ ! dem& to t ( ,ahab = ,nabo?'s v9ey>d2 & x may well be suppos$ t ) ! ru% ( su* a torr5t ( spee* a curr5t ( inf]5ce 0 also borne along :i* involv$ ,ju/9a h]self4 ,! s]mon1 :i* has surviv$ to u1 0 prea*$ on ,palm ,sunday1 & 9 x he said t he w\ld hold e religi\s edifice aga9/ h]esy to ! v dea?4 ,let !m take 8 prop]ty2 let !m depose or de/roy himself2 let !m d _! wor/--b = 8 "p he w\ld /& !re un%ak5 = ! tru?4 ,he w\ld n incite riot & confusion1 b he w\ld n yield4 ,x 0 ! anticipation ( ,lu!r's 8,hi] /ehe i*1 i* kann ni*t &]s6 ,gott helfe mir60 ,= ,ambrose proclaim$1 almo/ 9 ^! actual words1 8,"h ,i /&1 ,i _c d o!rwise4 ,god help me60 ,he made "o magnific5t po9t 9 ?is disc\rse--! focal c5tre x 0 ( ! entire outbur/ ( eloqu5t declamation4 ,x 0 :5 he quot$ :at our ,"l ,himself _h said4 8,yes10 cries ,ambrose1 8give to ,caes> :at is ,caes>'s1 b give to ,god :at is ,god's4 ,is ! ,*ur* ! prop]ty ( ,caes>8 ,nev]6 ,x belongs unalt]ably to ,god4 ,= ,god1 !n1 x %all be kept4 ,x %all nev] be surr5d]$ to ,caes>40 ,! fight 0 really a siege4 ,! sacr$ "* ( ! *ur*es protect$ _! def5d]s4 ,ambrose invigorat$ ! multitude :o flock$ to help him1 & :o organiz$ relief p>ties to keep possession by day & by night4 ,to relieve ! monotony ( _! wat*es1 he frequ5tly address$ !m words ( enc\ragem5t4 ,8 f9e equanimity triumph$ ov] ! imp5d+ disa/]4 ,he taught ! p !re & !n ! hymns ( ! e>ly ,*ur*4 ,he compos$ tunes & in/ruct$ !m 9 s++4 ,& :5 at la/ he 0 able to discov] ! bodies ( ,g]vasius & ,protasius1 ! anci5t m>tyrs1 he k9dl$ 9 ! spirits ( 8 he>]s su* a fire t ! popul> voice 0 he$$ ev5 by ! ?rone itself1 & ,ju/9a 0 defeat$ & gave up ! /ruggle4 ,! c\rt actually retreat$ be=e ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& f t mom5t1 & t o!r memorable mom5t :5 he arraign$ ,!odosius1 ,ambrose deliv]$ ! p[] ( ! bi%op's crozi] f any int]f]5ce com+ f ! ,emp]or's sceptre4 ,^? 7 ! days :5 ! pa/oral /aff might be ( wood1 b ! man :o wield$ x 0 ( pure gold4 ,?is acc\nt ne$s ! /ory ( ,!odosius to be imm$iately atta*$ to x 9 ord] to make x /& out 9 its true relation to ! "* ( ,ambrose4 ,! bi%op met ?ree great enemies dur+ 8 c>e]4 ,fir/ appe>$ ,idolatry1 *ampion$ by ,symma*us2 !n foll[$ ,h]esy1 *ampion$ by ,ju/9a2 & n[ came ,despotism1 beh9d :i* /ood ! belov$ ,!odosius1 ! ,emp]or-pupil1 ) 8 h&s r$ f ! massacre ( ,!ssalonica4 ,! facts 7 ^!3 a tumult _h aris5 9 ! circus at t place2 ,bo!ric1 an imp]ial (fic]1 _h be5 kill$2 & ! ,emp]or _h 9 rev5ge put v _m p to dea?4 ,"s h ev5 run ! figures up to ! incr$ible altitude ( ?irty ?\s&1 & ! massacre has be5 always reg>d$ z involv+ sev5 ?\s& victims at ! l[e/ e/imate4 ,x 0 a brutal & a horrible act1 & ,ambrose came out z ,na?an did be=e ,david & d5\nc$ x ) ! mo/ )]+ reproa*es4 ,! ,emp]or c[]$ & b5t be=e ?is sirocco ( ! tru?4 ,! speak] 0 pois$ s high above him 9 ! assur$ calm ( a /eady rectitude t ,!odosius c\ld d no?+ except yield4 ,& yield he did2 & = eight mon?s he paid p5ance be=e he 0 re/or$4 ,x 0 ! p5ance ( ! ,g]man ,h5ry :i* ha/5$ ! ,re=mation2 x 0 ! humiliation ( ,!odosius :i* pres]v$ bo? rights & dignities to ! ,*ur*4 ,!re is ano!r side ( ,ambrose1 & "o on :i* ,prote/ants w love to dwell4 ,:ile 8 great disciple ,augu/9e l5t ! weight ( 8 au?ority to ! doctr9e t civil con/ra9t might be us$ to br+ m5 to or?odox beliefs1 ,ambrose always d5\nc$ t4 ,:5 ,val5t9ian ,,ii4 s5t him to ,tri] to negotiate ) ! rebel ,maximus1 9 ! w9t] ( #chc-hd1 ,ambrose--l 8 contempor>y1 ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs--refus$ to h any communion ) ! bi%ops :o recogniz$ ,maximus z ,emp]or1 n on political gr\nds1 b because !y _h obta9$ ! execution ( c]ta9 ,spani% ,priscilliani/s = h]esy4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ blood-/a9 on ! :ite g>m5ts ( ! ,*ur*--! fir/ 9 ! long l9e ( su* s9s aga9/ ! ,^w & ,_s ( ,*ri/4 ,yet ,adrian ,,vi4 appeal$ to x z a prec$5t aga9/ ,lu!r1 & describ$ ! usurp] z "o ( 8! anci5t & pi\s emp]ors40 ,9 ?is he foll[$ ! example ( 8 infallible pr$ecessor1 ,leo ,i41 :o1 9 #ddg1 decl>$ !re w\ld be an end ( all law1 human & div9e1 if su* h]etics 7 all[$ to live6 ,z an orator & writ]1 ,ambrose's /r5g? lay 9 ! simple direct plunge ( 8 s5t5ces1 wide & gr& & =ceful z ! laun*+ ( a great b[ld] d[n a m\nta9 pa?4 ,& ,mr4 ,simcox has notic$ t ! words :i* are us$ to describe 8 rhetorical p[] are almo/ all d]iv$ f eloqui4 ,! o!r assemblage ( expressions1 drawn f dis]tus & ! l1 ref] to ! logical or le>n$ weight ( an argum5t4 ,b :at /ruck e "o 9 ! case ( ,ambrose 0 t he let ! tru? come mightily1 j z he felt & believ$ x1 ) a sw+ & a vigor :i* 0 ! outbur/ ( 8 own maje/ic s\l4 ,x 0 ?is :i* won 8 victories4 ,x 0 ?is p[] ( s9c]ity :i* made him ! c\nsellor ( ,!odosius & ! in/ructor ( ,gratian z well z ! gu>dian ( ,val5t9ian ,,ii4 ,x 0 ?is un%r9k+ =w>dness ( movem5t :i* l$ him to oppose ! rebuild+ ( ! ,jews' synagogue2 !y _h d5i$ ! ,"l ,jesus--let _! h\se burn6 ,b a victory m ,*ri/ian 0 ga9$ :5 ?irty days ( respite 7 fix$ by 8 int]cession betwe5 ! s5t5ce & execution ( crim9als4 ,& al?\gh ! def5ce ( 8,virg9ity10 z ,ambrose conduct$ x1 0 ! ma9spr+ ( ! conv5tual idea1 & 0 aft]w>d vigor\sly us$ = t purpose1 x is aga9 pla9 t he advocat$ :at he believ$ & :at he himself dev\tly practis$4 ,he %9es ^u u1 f e angle ( vision1 z a "* mo/ pure1 s]5e1 & brave4 ,! siege 9 ! basilica at ,milan _h an important be>+ on ! :ole future ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,augu/9e tells u h[ 8 "m ,monica _h foll[$ him to ,milan1 & h[ :5 !re 8%e ha/5$ ! m eag]ly to ! *ur* & hung ^u ! lips ( ,ambrose40 7,aug4 ,conf41 ,b4 vi47 8,t man10 he cont9ues1 8%e lov$ z an angel ( ,god because %e knew t by him ,i _h be5 br\ght to t d\btful /ate ( fai? ,i n[ 0 940 ,%e evid5tly anticipat$ t s eloqu5t a prea*] w\ld complete ! "w t he _h be5 p]mitt$ to beg94 ,z = ,augu/9e himself1 he felt 8%ut out bo? f 8 e> & spee* by multitudes ( busy p ^: weaknesses he s]v$40 ,h[ f9ely1 by ! way1 ?is v expression illu/rates ! greatness ( ,ambrose's "* & ! unselfi%ness ( 8 life6 ,we get also a picture ( ! man z a /ud5t--"o ^: voice w\ld become worn by any ext5d$ public speak+1 & :o !re=e read to himself 9 8 private /udies 9 a mann] unusual app>5tly 9 t age--namely1 z we d n[1 )\t op5+ 8 lips or articulat+ ! words4 ,! effect ( ,ju/9a's p]secution is also giv5 mo/ graphically4 7,aug4 ,conf41 ,b4 ix47 ,= ,augu/9e1 hav+ fir/ told u h[ ^! heav5ly voices fell ^u 8 e>1 says t 8 "m 8bore a *ief "p ( ^? anxieties & wat*+s0 & 8liv$ = pray]40 ,at ?is date1 he emphatically decl>es1 8x 0 fir/ in/itut$ t aft] ! mann] ( ! ,ea/]n *ur*es1 hymns & psalms %\ld be sung le/ ! p %\ld wax fa9t ?r\gh ! t$i\sness ( sorr[2 & f t day to ?is ! cu/om is reta9$1 div]s 7yea1 almo/ all7 congregations ?r\gh\t o!r p>ts ( ! _w foll[+ h]e940 ,x is he1 moreov]1 :o tells u t ! two m>tyrs' bodies 7 transf]r$ to t ,ambrosian *ur* erect$ 9 #chg1 & :]e aft]w>d 7 plac$ ! bones ( its great f\nd]2 :i* 0 sp>$ by ,b>b>ossa 9 #aafb1 & :i*1 z ! *ur* ( ,san ,ambrogio1 /ill occupies its old site 9 ,milan4 ,?us we h ! mo/ important ( contempor>y te/imony to "s ( ^! tr\bl\s sc5es4 ,( ! ,ambrosian hymns !mselves a great deal may be said4 ,x is bett] to conf9e "o's self r1 !re=e1 to results ?an to ! long processes :i* h l$ ?i!r4 ,b x is impossible to agree ) ,dr4 ,neale & ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*1 :o say ( !m t 8!re is a c]ta9 coldness 9 !m--an alo(ness ( ! au?or f 8 subject40 ,?is is "o ( ^? bits ( critical misappreh5sion :i* lead u to d\bt ! infallibility ( ev5 s admirable a judgm5t z t ( ! w>d5 ( ,sackville ,college4 ,! tru? is t ,dr4 ,neale admir$ gorge\sness & ! spl5dor ( ritual4 ,he praises ! ,pange l+ua ( ,aqu9as altoge!r too mu* & he praises ,ambrose altoge!r too little4 ,a simple & rev]5t _s _c be said to exp]i5ce1 z he does1 a 8feel+ ( disappo9tm5t0 be=e ?is :i* he calls 8an alt> ( unhewn /one40 ,?is s+le phrase exposes ! delusion4 8,unhewn /one0 is n to ,dr4 ,neale's nor to ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*'s *ur*ly ta/e1 :ile x is precisely ^u su* an alt> z t 7,ex4 #bj3be7 t ,god 0 ready to let ,8 flame desc5d4 ,! late/ judgm5t--t ( ,mr4 ,simcox--7,lat9 ,lit]ature1 vol4 ii41 #dje7 is decid$ly pref]able3 8,!y all h ! "* ( deep1 spontane\s feel+1 fl[+ 9 a cle>1 rhy?mical curr5t1 & %[ a m g5u9e lit]>y feel+ ?an ! prose works40 ,to any "o :o is at all famili> ) ! ,ambrosian hymns ?is w at once comm5d itself z ! bett] criticism4 ,we may pause a mom5t to inquire ab\t ! *ants :i* be> 8 "n1 b we %all h slight en\gh in=mation4 ,f\r tunes are traditional3 ! ,dorian1 ,phrygian1 ,lydian1 & ,mix$ ,lydian4 ,:at ^! 7 & h[ !y 7 sung1 we d n accurately "k4 ,we d "k1 h[ev]1 t ,ambrose employ$ b f\r notes 7! tetra*ord7 :]e we h subdivid$ ! v>i\s tones into ! octave4 ,! ,g]mans d n pr(ess to tell u any?+ m def9ite ?an ?is4 ,! actual hymns are to be reckon$ up 9 sev]al ways4 ,fir/ comes ! mass ( ,ambrosiani1 includ+ hymns ( ,gregory ! ,great & ( o!r & mu* lat] au?ors4 ,_m h be5 foi/$ into ?is category because !y 7 f\nd 9 old brevi>ies & manuscripts4 ,!n f ^! we may sep>ate ! presum$ orig9als--( :i* a l>ge proportion are n[ kn[n to belong to o!r writ]s4 ,^! misappreh5sions are due to su* compil]s z ,fabricius1 ,cass&]1 ,cli*tove1 & ,?omasius1 :o 7 n inv>iably correct & :o p]petuat$ _! designations ?r\gh lat] works4 ,/ill a ?ird class are ! possible orig9als1 select$ by ! judici\s b n always accurate zeal ( ! ,b5$ict9es ( ,/4 ,maur :5 !y edit$ ! collect$ works ( ! great bi%op4 ,& la/ ( all c be plac$ ! probable orig9als--^? hymns :i* are au!nticat$ by ,augu/9e & by ,/4 ,caele/9 7,a4,d4 #dcj71 toge!r ) ^? 9 /ructure closely resembl+ !m4 ,= our own purposes a fif? class c ev5 yet be =m$ f ! la/ nam$ gr\p--! und\bt$ orig9als1 :i* w comprise only ^? atte/$ by contempor>y au?ority4 ,! li/ w\ld /& !n 9 ! ord] ( au!nticity1 ab\t z foll[s3 ,i4 ,atte/$ by ,/ ,augu/9e4 ,deus ,creator omnium1 ,aet]ne r]um conditor1 ,jam surgit hora t]tia1 ,qua ,ref]r$ to directly by ,/4 ,caele/94 ,v5i ,r$emptor g5tium4 ,^! are ! und\bt$ hymns & ! only hymns to be safely assign$ to ,ambrose4 ,,ii4 ,aet]na ,*ri/i num]a1 et m>tyrum1 ,illum9ans altissimus1 ,orabo m5te dom9um1 7f ,bis t]nas horas17 ,spl5dor pat]nae gloriae4 ,^! are ! probable hymns4 ,,iii4 ,apo/olorum passio1 ,conditor alme sid]um1 ,consors pat]ni lum9is1 ,hic e/ dies v]us ,dei1 ,jam lucis orto sid]e1 ,nunc sancte nobis ,spiritus1 ,o lux beata ,tr9itas1 ,obdux]e polum nubila coeli1 ,o rex aet]ne dom9e1 ,rector pot5s1 v]ax ,deus1 ,r]um ,deus t5ax vigor1 ,somno refectis artubus1 ,squal5t arva soli pulv]e multo1 ,summae ,deus clem5tiae1 ,tri/es erant apo/oli4 ,^! h1 = "o reason or ano!r1 be5 assign$ to ,ambrose4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t ! ,tri/es erant is a "p ( ! ,aurora lucis rutilat1 & t 9 _m cases ! hymns are v mu* int]m+l$4 ,a rigid designation is !re=e impossible4 ,! f\r? class compreh5ds :at may be call$ ,ambrosiani--! ,s$ulian & ,gregorian & o!r hymns be+ simply exclud$ f ! li/4 ,,iv4 ,aet]nae lucis conditor1 ,agnis beatae virg9is1 ,apo/olorum supp>em1 ,a solis ortus c>d9e ,et usque1 ,aurora lucis rutilat1 ,bis t]nas horas explicans1 ,c]tum t55tes ord9em1 ,*ri/e coelorum conditor1 ,*ri/e cunctorum dom9ator alme1 ,*ri/e qui lux es et dies1 ,*ri/e rex coeli dom9e1 ,*ri/e r$emptor g5tium1 ,cibis resumptis congruis1 ,coeli ,deus sanctissime1 ,convexa solis orbita1 ,dei fide1 qua vivimus1 ,deus aet]ni lum9is1 ,deus qui c]tis legibus1 ,deus qui cl>o lum9e1 ,deus qui coeli lum5 es1 ,dicamus laudes ,dom9o1 ,diei luce r$dita1 ,fulg5tis auctor ae!ris1 ,ge/a sanctorum m>tyrum1 ,grates tibi ,jesu novas1 ,hymnum dicamus ,dom9o1 ,imm5se coeli conditor1 ,jam cursus horae sextae1 ,jam lucis spl5dor rutilat1 ,jam sexta s5sim volvitur1 ,jam surgit hora t]tia1 ,et nos1 ,jam t] quat]nis trahitur1 ,jesu corona celsior1 ,jesu corona virg9um1 ,jesu no/ra r$emptio1 ,magnae ,deus pot5tiae1 ,magni palmam c]tam9is1 ,m$iae noctis tempus e/1 ,m]idie or&um e/1 ,miraculum laudabile1 ,my/]iorum signif]1 ,my/]ium ecclesiae1 ,nox atra r]um contegit1 ,optatus votis omnium1 ,p]fectum tr9um num]um1 ,plasmator hom9is ,deus1 ,po/ matut9as laudes1 ,r]um creator optime1 ,sacratum hoc templum ,dei1 ,saevus bella s]it b>b>us horr5s1 ,/ephano primo m>tyri1 ,telluris +5s conditor1 ,te lucis ante t]mium1 ,tempus noctis surg5tibus1 ,t] hora tr9a volvitur1 ,t]nis t] horis num]us1 ,tri/es nunc populi1 ,*ri/e r$emptor1 ,tu ,tr9itatis unitas1 ,v]bum sup]num prodi5s1 a ,patre1 ,victor1 ,nabor1 ,felix pii1 ,vox cl>a ecce intonat4 ,:ile ^! are (t5 kn[n to be m]e p>aphrases ( ,ambrose's own homilies1 or imitations ( 8 hymns1 !y are z frequ5tly f\nd to possess 8 _s & almo/ ! v =ms ( 8 v]se4 ,?us ,daniel says ( ! ,t] hora tr9a t x is 8n unwor?y ( ,ambrose himself40 ,we also f9d _m cases :]e ! ,roman ,brevi>y has alt]$ ! fir/ l9e z well z *ang$ ! arrangem5t ( ! /anzas4 ,! la/ class are ^? hymns1 =m]ly call$ ,ambrosian1 b n[ kn[n to be ! "w ( o!r h&s4 ,!y are giv5 ) _! au?ors' names app5d$4 ,v4 ,ad co5am ,agni providi47,ad ,an anci5t hymn1 old] possibly ?an regias ,agni47 ,ambrose or ,hil>y4 ,aet]na ,*ri/i unm]a nos4 ,a m$iaeval pat*work4 ,aet]na coeli gloria4 ,an ,abc$>y ( lat] date4 ,aga?ae sanctae virg9is4 ,f\nd at ,milan among ,ambrosian hymns4 ,almi prophetae prog5ies4 ,"t ( ,ennodius1 six? c5tury4 ,amore ,*ri/i nobilis4 ,v]sification ( ,ambrose on ! ,inc>nation1 cap4 #c4 ,a solis ortus c>d9e1 ,ad 8,an ,abc$>y arrang$ by usque4 ,s$ulius40--,neale4 ,aurora jam sp>git polum4 8,incognitus auctor40--,cass&]4 ,bellator armis inclytus4 8,e9 altes ,li$40--,mone4 ,ex m docti my/ico4--,gregory4 ,fit porta ,*ri/i p]via4 ,"p ( ,a solis ortus4--,s$ulius4 ,jam ,*ri/us a/ra asc5d]at4 --,gregory4 ,lucis creator optime4 --,gregory4 ,"h1 !n1 we h :at may be call$ sub/antially ! e>lie/ hymn-book ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*4 ,( c\rse !re 7 o!r hymns :i* 7 v soon sep>at$ & prop]ly assign$1 b n until ! fifte5? c5tury 0 any intellig5t analysis attempt$1 & x is ev5 n[--z c be easily se5--a matt] n ( dogmatic c]ta9ty1 b ( s*ol>ly au?ority & inh]5t probability4 ,x may n be improp] to add1 h[ev]1 t 9 ^! hymns we f9d "s ( ! pure/ & mo/ pi\s ( praises4 ,! honor ( ! ,virg9 ,"m & ( ! sa9ts has n yet be5 attempt$4 ,! m>tyrs1 ,/eph5 & ,agnes & ,aga?a1 are alone m5tion$1 if we except an occasional & some:at d\btful tribute to o!rs4 ,^! are hymns ( wor%ip & ( pray]--( adoration & ( fell[%ip4 ,z a h&ful ( gra9 f a great gran>y1 "h are f\r v]sions ( hymns c\nt$ z among ,ambrose's be/3 ,,deus ,,creator ,,omnium4 ,mak] ( all1 ! ,"l1 ,& rul] 9 ! height1 ,?y c>e do? robe ! day 9 peace1 ,?\ give/ sleep by night4 ,let re/ refre% our limbs ,= toil1 ?\gh we>i$ n[1 ,& let our tr\bl$ m9ds be calm1 ,& smoo? ! anxi\s br[4 ,we s+ our ?anks1 = day ,is gone & night appe>s2 ,our v[s & pray]s 9 contrite hope ,are lift$ to ?9e e>s4 ,to !e ! deepe/ s\l1 ,to !e ! tuneful voice1 ,to !e ! *a/e affections turn1 ,9 !e our m9ds rejoice4 ,t :5 black dep?s ( gloom ,h hid ! day f sight1 ,our fai? may tread no d>k5+ pa?1 ,& night by fai? be bright4 ,& let no slumb] seize ,t m9d :i* mu/ n sleep1 ,^: fai? mu/ keep its virtue fre%1 ,^: dreams may n be deep4 ,:5 s5sual ?+s are done ,our l(tie/ ?\ght is ?9e1 ,nor fe> ( unse5 enemies ,c break su* peace div9e4 ,to ,*ri/ & to ! ,fa!r n[1 ,& to ! ,_s equally1 ,we pray = e favor+ gift1 ,"o ,god supreme1 a ,tr9ity4 ,,spl5dor ,,pat]nae ,,gloriae4 ,o spl5dor ( ! ,fa!r's face1 ,af=d+ light f light1 ,?\ ,light ( light1 ?\ f\nt ( grace1 ,?\ day ( day mo/ bright4 ,o %9e ^u u1 p]fect ,sun1 ,) la/+ brightness %9e2 ,let radiance f ! ,_s run1 ,our s5ses to ref9e4 ,to !e1 our ,fa!r1 d we pray1 ,^: glory ende? n1 ,t ?9e almighty favor may ,remove ea* s9ful spot4 ,he fills our de$s ) heav5ly /r5g?1 ,he blunts ! look ( hate1 ,he ends our we>y lot at l5g?1 ,or gives u grace to wait4 ,,hic ,,e/ ,,dies ,,v]us ,,dei4 ,?is is ! v day ( ,god1 ,s]5e ) holy light1 ,on :i* ! pure aton+ blood ,has cleans$ ! _w aright4 ,re/or+ hope to lo/ mank9d1 ,enlight5+ d>k5$ eyes1 ,reliev+ fe> 9 u :o f9d ,! ?ief 9 ,p>adise4 ,:o1 *ang+ swiftly cross = cr[n1 ,by "o brief glance ( tru/1 ,beheld ,god's ,k+dom %9+ d[n1 ,& foll[$ ,*ri/ ! ,j4 ,! v angels /& amaz$1 ,behold+ su* a sight1 ,& su* a tru/+ s9n] rais$ ,to bless$ life & light4 ,o my/]y beyond our ?\ght1 ,to take e>?'s /a9 away1 ,& lift ! burd5 s9 ha? br\ght1 ,& cleanse ?is co>s] clay4 ,:at de$ c m sublime appe>8 ,= sorr[ seeks = grace1 ,& love releases mortal fe>1 ,& dea? r5ews ! race4 ,dea? seizes on ! bitt] b>b1 ,& b9ds h]self !reto1 ,& life is clad 9 dea?ly g>b1 ,& life %all rise anew4 ,:5 dea? ?r\gh e>? has made h] pa?1 ,!n all ! dead %all rise1 ,& dea?1 consum$ by heav5ly wra?1 ,9 groans1 & lonely1 dies4 ,o ,,lux ,,beata ,,tr9itas4 ,o bless$ light1 ! ,tr9ity1 ,9 ,unity ( primal love-- ,n[ t ! burn+ sun has gone1 ,our he>ts illum9e f above4 ,!e1 9 ! morn ) songs ( praise1 ,!e1 at ! ev5+ "t1 we seek2 ,!e1 ?r\gh all ages we adore1 ,&1 suppliant ( ?y love1 we speak4 ,to ,god ! ,fa!r be ! praise1 ,& to 8 sole-begott5 ,son1 ,& to ! ,bless$ ,com=t]1 ,bo? n[ & :ile all "t %all run4 ,! clos+ sc5es 9 ! life ( ! great bi%op 7 su* z became 8 pa/4 ,8 fun]al address ov] 8 bro!r ,satyrus is l t ( ,b]n>d ov] 8 bro!r ,g]>d1 or l t ( ,melan*?on above ! dead ,lu!r4 ,8 eulogy ( ,!odosius1 :om he surviv$ b two ye>s1 is conceiv$ 9 a /ra9 ( l(ty poetry1 sev]al p>agraphs op5+ ) ! repeat$ phrase ,dilexi virum illum4 ,i lov$ t man6 ,ambrose di$ on ! night aft] ,good ,friday1 ,a4,d4 #cig4 ,paul9us1 8 biograph]1 0 tak+ notes ( ! comm5t>y pron\nc$ by 8 dy+ ma/] on ! #dc;d psalm4 ,x 0 a sc5e l t at ! dea?b$ ( ! ,v5]able ,b$e4 ,! fail+ bi%op said t he he>d angelic voices & saw ! smil+ face ( ,*ri/2 & ! rev]5t scribe av[s t ! face :i* look$ on 8 own 0 bright1 & t ar\nd t ag$ head %one until ! v la/ an aureole ( glory4 ,let u all[ mu* *>ity to ! miracles & to ! sup]/ition ( t "t1 b let u also rememb] ! gravity & sweetness ( ! poet-bi%op4 ,= x is no wond] t :5 he lay 9 /ate 9 ! great ca!dral ) quiet1 upturn$ face1 little *ildr5 7 mov$ by 8 g5tle dignity ( c\nt5ance & m5 & wom51 affect$ by ?is holy pres5ce1 put away _! s9s1 & 7 baptiz$ z foll[]s ( ! dead man's fai?4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,prud5tius ,,! ,,fir/ ,,*ri/ian ,,poet4 ,aurelius ,prud5tius ,clem5s has receiv$ r m ?an 8 due %>e ( r5[n4 ,8 works h be5 edit$ by ! mo/ c>eful s*ol>s4 ,!re is a beautiful little 8,elzevir0 ^u :i* ,he9sius exp5d$ 8 labor & :i* 0 pr9t$ at ,am/]dam 9 #affg4 ,!re is an 8,ald9e10 #dto1 ,v5ice1 #aeja4 ,b ! mo/ elegant is t ( ,p>ma 7#aghh1 #b vols41 #dto71 edit$ by ,teoli2 & ! be/ is reg>d$ z t ( ,fau/9us ,arevalus1 ! ,spani>d1 ,rome #aghh-hi1 also 9 #b vols4 #dto4 ,if to ^! we add ! mo/ accessible collection ( 8 writ+s1 we %all f9d x 9 ! fifty-n9? & sixtie? volumes ( ,migne's ,patrologia4 ,! text ( ^! v>i\s editions is d]iv$ f :at is call$ ! ,codex ,puteanus1 n[ 9 ! ,p>is ,libr>y--a manuscript dat+ into ! fif? or six? c5tury4 ,9 all1 !re h be5 ne>ly a doz5 ( !m1 ( :i* t ( ,r4 ,langius 7#adij1 #dto7 is ! true pr9ceps--! v e>lie/4 ,& 9 ! matt] ( editor%ip1 x is wor?y ( note t ,erasmus did n disda9 to exp5d 8 f9e classical skill ^u ! hymns = ,*ri/mas & ! ,epiphany4 ,if we ask ,b5tley 8 op9ion ( ,prud5tius he tells u t he is 8! ,horace & ,virgil ( ! ,*ri/ians40 ,milman decl>es t he 0 8! great popul> au?or ( ! ,middle ,ages10 & t 8no "w b ! ,bible appe>s ) s _m glosses comm5t>ies 9 ,high ,g]man40 8,t4 ,d410 away back 9 #ahba1 :5 de> old ,kit ,nor? 0 edit+ ,blackwood1 furni%$ t p]iodical ) "s poetical translations & rem>k$ t ,prud5tius 0 8! ,lat9 ,dr4 ,watts40 ,9 ,la ,r\sse he obta9s ! cr$it ( be+ 8! fir/ ,*ri/ian poet40 ,among ! e>li] contemporane\s1 or slightly subsequ5t ref]5ces 8 "n is prec$$ by ! magic lett]s1 8,v4 ,c410 /&+ n1 z "s h ?\ght1 = ,vir ,consul>is1 a man :o _h enjoy$ ! consul%ip1 b = ,vir ,cl>issimus1 a p]son ( high di/9ction4 ,x is res]v$ = ! 8wor?y & imp>tial0 ,du ,p9 to =mulate a judgm5t m 9 accord ) ! true facts ( ! case4 8,prud5tius10 sai? ,du ,p91 8is no v good poet1 he (t5 use? expressions n reconcilable to ! purity ( ,augu/us's ,age40 ,! value ( 8 poetry turns l>gely ^u its !ological & hi/orical m]its--bo? ( :i* are consid]able4 ,x is n /ructurally p]fect by any means1 & yet x has furni%$ sev]al v lovely hymns to ! ,*ur*--graceful & delicate1 r ?an /rong or inspir+4 ,9 giv+ him 8 "n x is safe to take t :i* is usually adopt$3 ,aurelius ,prud5tius1 surnam$ ,clem5s or ! ,m]ciful4 ,to ?is has occasionally be5 prefix$ ,qu9tus or ,m>cus1 b nei!r has suffici5t au?ority 9 its favor4 ,he 0 a ,spani>d1 & ! ma9 facts conc]n+ 8 life are le>n$ f 8 own metrical preface to 8 poems4 ,probably few que/ions h be5 m closely discuss$ by ! le>n$ ?an ?is ( 8 bir?place4 ,! int]nal evid5ce is heap$ up on ei!r side until x is se5 t ,calahorra ,calagurris is probably :]e he 0 born1 :ile ,s>agossa ,caes>ea-,augu/a 0 88 city0 & ! place ) :i* he 0 mo/ id5tifi$4 ,he 0 d\btless ( good family4 ,^? indu/ri\s & microscopic editors :o h devot$ !mselves to 8 fame h laid great /ress ^u ! names ,aurelius & ,clem5s4 ,! ,aurelii1 !y say1 7 di/+ui%$ & well-born p4 ,! ,clem5tes 7 also ( notable memory4 ,& !re 7 two ,prud5tii beside himself :o obta9$ r m ?an ord9>y di/9ction4 ,inde$1 !re 7 "s five ,prud5tii1 e>ly & late1 & "o ( !m1 ,prud5tius ,amo5us1 tri$1 indiff]5tly badly1 to climb to fame by an abridgm5t ( 8 pr$ecessor's hi/ory ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,9 ?is he 0 s successful t ! orig9al is n[ lo/1 ! cond5sation alone rema9s1 & our ,prud5tius is (t5 kn[n z ,prud5tius ,major1 to diff]5tiate him f ?is tr\blesome ,m9or1 :o 0 a preceptor ( ,walafrid ,/rabo4 ,9 reg>d to two o!r hymns--! ,corde natus & ! ,vidit anguis--an elem5t ( d\bt has be5 introduc$ by ?is same p]son4 ,fau/9us ,arevalus 0 no?+ if n a hymn-t9k] 7see ,*ri/ian ,remembranc]1 vol4 xlvi41 p4 #abe ff471 & x is possible t ^! by su* c>eless editor%ip h be5 incorporat$ into ! text ( ! true ,prud5tius f ! pages ( 8 namesake & imitator4 ,! hymn ,virgo ,dei g5itrix 7( ! fifte5? c5tury7 is ascrib$ to ano!r ( ! five ,prud5tii4 ,?is sort ( blund] is by no means unusual4 ,we h an in/ance 9 po9t ) ref]5ce to ! v ,consul ,salia 9 ^: consul%ip our poet tells u t he 0 born4 ,a simil>ity betwe5 ,coss4 ,salia & ,massalia misl$ ! le>n$4 ,!y saw 9 ?is a pro( t ,massilia 7,m>seilles7 0 8 bir?place1 & ,prud5tius 0 at once claim$ = ,france4 ,b we h n[ unravell$ & dis5tangl$ ! great] "p ( ?is obscure coil4 ,flavius ,philippus & ,flavius ,salia are kn[n to h s]v$ conjo9tly 9 ! ye> #cdh1 & h5ce ! indu/ry ( ,aldus ,manutius & ,labbeus 7,labbe7 has be5 ?r[n away & _! false conjecture has be5 ab&on$4 ,prud5tius himself tells u no?+ ab\t 8 family1 beyond :at we d]ive by inf]5ce4 ,! deep] t we plunge into ?is labyr9? ( guesses ! fur!r we are f be+ settl$ 9 op9ion4 ,! exhau/ive--&1 let u add1 ! exhau/+--editor ( ! late/ edition f9ally calls a halt 9 ! middle ( 8 complicat$ ,lat9 s5t5ces & av[s himself utt]ly at a loss ab\t ! tru?4 ,!re is !n "s com=t left to u 9 cutt+ & unty+ ^! knots2 = :atev] view we may advance has f\nd di/+ui%$ & e>ne/ *ampion%ip already6 ,on ! :ole1 ,teoli appe>s a reliable lead]1 & him we h mo/ly foll[$1 z lat] au?ors1 su* z ,pr(essors ,fiske & ,teuffel1 seem to h done be=e u4 ,let u say1 !n1 t he 0 born 9 #cdh1 ,philippus & ,salia be+ consuls1 at ,calahorra1 :i* lies up ! ,ebro & to ! nor?we/ ( ,s>agossa4 ,to-day ,calahorra is a small place ( a few ?\s& inhabitants1 b x furni%es two o!r notable facts to hi/ory 9 addition to its claim to be ! bir?place ( ,prud5tius4 ,x 0 ?is little fight+ t[n :i* resi/$ ,afranius1 :om ,pompey s5t to take x 9 #gh ,b4,c41 & x 0 !n t ! citiz5s ate _! wives & *ildr5 soon] ?an surr5d]4 ,besides ?is some:at d\btful glory x produc$ ,qu9ctilian2 :ile ,tudela1 :i* is betwe5 x & ,s>agossa1 gave a "n to ! le>n$ ,jew1 ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela1 ^: ideas ab\t ! ,t[] ( ,babel h become z classic z ,prud5tius's hymns or z ! ,maid ( ,s>agossa h]self4 ,x may be add$ t paganism 0 v e>ly ab&on$ 9 all ?is region4 ,! p>5ts ( ,prud5tius gave him a good education4 ,he possess$1 says ,teoli1 +5ium acre1 dis]tum1 f]ax--tal5t t 0 ke51 eloqu5t1 & fruitful4 ,b at ! rhetoricians' s*ools1 :i* he att5d$ ab\t ! age ( sev5te51 he f\nd little t 0 comm5dable 9 mann]s or morals4 ,x w\ld appe> t he gave ! re9 to 8 vices & t 8 life 0 n v rapidly turn$ into ! ways ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he 0 at fir/ call$ to ! b> & made judge 9 two t[ns ( consid]able size1 :i* may p]haps h be5 ,tol$o & ,cordova4 ,ab\t ! ye> #djj he is suppos$ to h gone to ,rome & to h be5 favorably receiv$ by ,honorius ! ,emp]or1 :o !n promot$ him to "s sort ( honorable (fice 9 8 native c\ntry4 ,at fifty-sev5 ye>s ( age1 z he himself tells u1 he began to cultivate lit]ature4 ,he _h retir$ f active life1 mu* z ,*auc] did 9 lat] days4 ,f ?is p]iod onw>d he liv$ 9 quiet2 he 8fl$ fro' ! presse & dwelt 9 soo?fa/nesse10 l ! fa!r ( ,engli% v]se4 ,he gave himself to sacr$ ?+s--to hymns 9 honor ( ,god & ( ! sa9ts1 & to poems aga9/ paganism & 9 favor ( ,*ri/ian duty4 ,8 poems h ,greek titles4 ,fir/ comes ! ,psy*oma*ia 7! ,battles ( ! ,s\l7--9 hexamet]--treat+ ( ! conflict 9 a ,*ri/ian s\l betwe5 virtue & vice4 ,! contra/s are arrang$ some:at l ^? ( ,plut>* betwe5 ! ,greek & ,roman lead]s1 only1 ( c\rse1 ! anti!sis is decid$ly aga9/ ! vices4 ,"h /& ,fai? oppos$ to ,idolatry1 & ,*a/ity fac+ ,impurity1 & ,pati5ce resi/+ ,ang]1 & ,humility contra/$ ) ,pride1 & ,sobriety pre-em95t ov] ,excess1 & ,lib]ality vanqui%+ ,covet\sness1 & ,concord heal+ ! w\nds caus$ by ,diss5sion4 ,!re are n9e hundr$ & fifte5 l9es 9 ! poem4 ,! ,p]i/ephanon 7,conc]n+ ,cr[ns7 has twelve hymns 9 honor ( v>i\s m>tyrs4 ,mr4 ,simcox notes t ^! are almo/ idyllic 9 =m1 & t !re is mu* made ( ! :ite dove :i* flies f ! burn+ pile ab\t ,/4 ,eulalia & ( ! violets :i* ! girls %\ld br+ to ! tombs ( ! virg9 m>tyrs4 ,x may be int]e/+ to "n ! m>tyrs ?us celebrat$4 ,!re 7 two f ,calahorra2 !n ,laur5tius & ,eulalia2 eighte5 :o suff]$ at ,s>agossa2 ,v9c5tius1 & f9ally ,fructuosus & ,quir9us1 bi%ops bo?4 ,!n comes a poem on ! ,bapti/]y at ,calahorra 7translat$ 9 ,blackwood1 vol4 ix41 p4 #aib71 ) a description ( ! dea?s ( ,cassian1 ,romanus1 ,hippolytus1 ,pet] & ,paul ! apo/les1 ,cyprian & ,agnes4 ,^! poems1 x %\ld be said1 are v>i\s 9 metre & "s are q long4 ,! ,ca!m]9on 7a ,book ( ,h\rs7 is ! real m9e :5ce ! mo/ ( ! hymns :i* 7 compos$ by ,prud5tius are tak54 ,9 ?is we h hymns = cock-cr[+ & morn+2 be=e & aft] food2 at ! light+ ( ! lamp2 & be=e retir+ to re/4 ,) ^! are jo9$ o!rs = ! use ( ^? :o are fa/+1 & at ! conclusion ( ! fa/2 = all h\rs & at ! burial ( ! dead2 ! "w end+ ) hymns = ,*ri/mas & ,epiphany4 ,! ,apo!osis consi/s ( poems relat+ to ! errors ( all ! h]etics t c be nam$--,patripassians1 ,arians1 ,sabellians1 ,mani*aeans1 ,docetae1 etc4 ,! value ( ?is to ecclesia/ical hi/ory is easily p]ceiv$4 ,x has m ?an a ?\s& hexamet]s & x treats additionally ( ! nature ( ! s\l & ( s9 & ( ! resurrection4 ,! ,ham>tig5ia 7! ,orig9 ( ,evil7 takes up orig9al s9 z aga9/ ,m>cion2 & ! ,ditto*aeon 7:i* possibly means ,d\ble ,food7 is ! abridgm5t ( ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,?is la/ is a sort ( religi\s picture gall]y rang+ f ,adam to ! ,apocalypse 9 hexametrical epigrams4 ,!re is reason to d\bt :e!r x be :at ,prud5tius orig9ally compos$4 ,if he foll[$ 8 usual ve9 ( abundant v]se1 !re is no "q b t ^! half a hundr$ epigrams w\ld be m popul> ?an 8 v ext5sive poetical treatm5t ( su* subjects4 ,x is left u to m5tion ! two books aga9/ ,symma*us1 ! ,roman s5ator1 :om ,ambrose s e>ne/ly & successfully oppos$4 ,symma*us _h purpos$ to re/ore ! idols1 revive ! rev5ues ( ! pagan temples1 & g5]ally to ca/ out ,*ri/ianity f ,rome4 ,! poetry ( ,prud5tius is aga9 valuable "h1 = x plunges into ! orig9 & bas5ess ( idolatry1 describ+ ! conv]sion ( ,rome1 & pres5t+ a picture ( ! times :i* is invaluable to ! hi/orian4 ,x is f ! pages ( ,prud5tius t we le>n ! cruelty ( ! pure/ ( ! ,roman wom51 :5 8,! mode/ ve/al1 ) h] d[n-turn$ ?umb ,urges ! gladiator to 8 /roke ,le/ life may lurk 9 any vital place60 ,"o l9e 9 our au?or's hymn 9 honor ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce pres]ves an hi/orical fact :i* 0 n appreciat$ 9 its full significance until our own times4 ,he says1 ,a$emque ,laur5ti tuam ,ve/alis intrat ,claudia--8,claudia1 ! ,ve/al ,virg91 ent]s ,?y ,h\se40 ,9 #ahhc !re 0 discov]$ 9 ! ,atrium ( ! ,ve/als a p$e/al ( a /atue d$icat$ to "o ( ! heads ( ! ord]1 f :i* h] "n _h be5 effac$ purposely4 ,no?+ ( x 0 left except ! initial ,c41 :ile !re /ill rema9$ ! praise ( 8h] *a/ity & h] pr(\nd k 9 religi\s matt]s0 7,ob m]itvm ,ca/itatis ,pvdicitiae adq4 9 ,sacris ,religionibusqve ,doctr9ae ,mirabilis74 ,! /atue 0 erect$ 9 ! ye> #cfd1 & ! ord] 0 aboli%$ by ! y\ng] ,!odosius 9 #cid1 s t h] conv]sion mu/ h tak5 place betwe5 ^? two dates4 ,! conv]sion ( a p]son fill+ a place ( su* high honor 9 pagan eyes1 ( a ,ve/alis maxima1 mu/ h be5 a sev]e bl[ to ! pagan p>ty1 :i* 9 ,rome 0 mak+ a fi]ce b hopeless fight = ! old wor%ip4 ,yet we f9d no o!r ref]5ce to x 9 lit]ature1 unless ! lett] ( ,symma*us to a ,ve/al1 ( :om he _h he>d t %e meant to )draw f h] ord]1 0 address$ to ,claudia4 ,see ,pr(essor ,lanciani's ,anci5t ,rome 9 ! ,light ( ,rec5t ,discov]ies1 pp4 #agj-gb 7,bo/on1 #ahhh74 ,x is unc]ta9 9 :at ye> or 9 :at "p ( ,spa9 ,prud5tius di$4 ,conjecture v>ies betwe5 #daj & #dbd ,a4,d4 ,?is inf9itude ( filmy p>ticul>s causes "o to feel z if he 7 walk+ ?r\gh spid]-webs ( a morn+ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,?is h>d1 practical n9ete5? c5tury only exp]i5ces a s5se ( annoyance z x enc\nt]s ! elaborate no?+s ( t /rangely labori\s1 all-ga!r+ s*ol>%ip :i* prevail$ 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5?4 ,to create any int5sity ( int]e/ to-day requires an imag9ation :i* w\ld sacrifice tru? to attractiv5ess4 ,b c]ta9ly1 f :at we c see ( ! man 9 8 works1 we c h no hesitation 9 pron\nc+ a v]dict highly favorable bo? to 8 poetry & 8 piety4 ,z gov]nor ( important t[ns he m]it$--or he w\ld sc>cely h receiv$--8 title ( 8! ,m]ciful40 ,z a close obs]v] ( 8 "t & a /ud5t ( its ?\ght1 he has pres]v$ = u :at we _c sp>e4 ,x is he :o 9 ! ,jam moe/a quiesce qu]ela /ruck ! fir/ notes :i* 7 to vibrate 9 ! ,dies irae4 ,x is he aga9 :o 9 ! ,ales die nuntius anticipat$ ,h5ry ,vaughan & 8 8,fa!r ( lights1 :at sunny se$1 ,:at glance ( day ha/ ?\ conf9$ ,into ?is bird60 ,! hymn is z foll[s3 8,! bird1 ! mess5g] ( day1 ,cries ! approa*+ light2 ,& ?us do? ,*ri/1 :o calle? u ,our m9ds to life excite4 8,be> (f1 he cries1 ^! b$s ( ease ,:]e lie ! sick & dumb2 ,& let ! *a/e & pure & true ,wat*1 = ,i quickly come4 8,we ha/e to ,jesus at 8 ^w1 ,e>ne/ to pray & weep1 ,su* f]v5t supplication /ill ,=bids pure he>ts to sleep4 8,di/urb our dream1 ?\ holy ,*ri/1 ,break (f ! night's d>k *a92 ,=give u all our s9 ( old1 ,& grant u light aga940 ,& s x is /ill he :o ca/s ! ray ( 8 fancy ^u ,be?lehem & ^u ! ,transfigur$ ,*ri/4 ,"h is ! ,quicumque ,*ri/um qua]itis 9 pro( ( 8 real g5ius3 8,o ye :o seek y\r ,"l to-day1 ,lift up y\r eyes on high1 ,& view him !re1 z n[ ye may1 ,^: brightness _c die4 8,h[ glori\sly x %9e? on ,z ?\gh x knew no de>?3 ,sublime & l(ty1 nev] done1 ,old] ?an heav5 & e>?4 8,?\ art ! v ,k+ ( m51 ,?y p ,israel's ,k+1 ,promis$ unto our fa!rs :5 ,f ,abraham all %\ld spr+4 8,to !e ! prophets te/ifi$1 ,9 !e _! he>ts rejoice-- ,our ,fa!r bids u seek ?y side ,to he> & he$ ?y voice40 ,i h *ang$ ! two la/ /anzas into ! second p]son in/ead ( ! ?ird4 ,o!rwise ! r5d]+ is a fai?ful & lit]al v]sion ( ! hymn4 ,?is1 !n1 is a good pro( ( ! g5u9e r+ ( true metal to be f\nd 9 ,prud5tius4 ,! v>iety & flexibility ( 8 measures1 9 spite ( ar*aic or po/-classical words & phrases1 des]ves our highe/ praise4 ,he is a writ] ( ! 8,braz5 ,age10 b he has n sunk f> f ! 8,silv]10 nor exactly into ! fal*ion sweep ( ! m brutal 8,iron0 "t4 ,"h is ano!r ( 8 hymns1 ! ,nox et t5ebrae et nubila1 :i* has obta9$ a place 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y3 8,night1 cl\ds & d>kness1 get y gone6 ,dep>t1 confusions ( ! e>?6 ,light comes2 ! sky s d>k & wan ,bright5s--x is ! ,savi\r's bir?6 8,! gloom ( e>? is cleft 9 twa9 ,/ruck by t sudd51 sol> ray2 ,color & life return aga9 ,be=e ! %9+ face ( day4 8,!e1 ,*ri/1 alone we seek to "k1 ,!e1 pure 9 m9d1 & pla9 9 spee*2 ,we seek !e 9 our wor%ip1 s ,t ?\ can/ ?r\gh our s5ses tea*4 8,h[ _m are ! dreams ( dread ,:i* by ?y light are swept ap>t6 ,?\1 ,savi\r ( ! sa9t$ dead1 ,%9e ) calm lu/re 9 ! he>t60 ,! same lead+ idea ( ! analogy ( ! natural light ) ! spiritual runs ?r\gh ! foll[+3 8,lo ! gold5 light appe>s1 ,lo ! d>kness pales away ,:i* has plung$ u long 9 fe>s1 ,w&]+ 9 a devi\s way4 8,n[ ! light br+s peace at la/1 ,holds u purely z its own2 ,all our d\bts aside are ca/1 ,& we speak ) holy tone4 8,s may all ! day run on ,free f s9 ( h& or tongue1 ,& our v glances %un ,e =m & %ape ( wrong4 8,high above u ,"o is set ,all our days to "k & m>k1 ,& our acts he wat*es yet ,f ! dawn+ to ! d>k40 ,prud5tius und\bt$ly exhibits ! e>ly traces ( obs]vances :i* are peculi> to ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,9 "o ( 8 hymns 7! ,cultor ,dei mem5to7 he advises t ! sign ( ! cross be made ^u ! =ehead & above ! he>t3 8,frontem locumque cordis ,crucis figura signet40 ,b we h n ! space1 nor is ?is ! prop] occasion1 to foll[ him ?r\gh ^? matt]s :i* belong to ! *ur* hi/orian m ?an to ! hymnologi/4 ,we mu/ leave him to end 8 days 9 undi/urb$ quiet1 a good deal aft] ! mann] ( ,*auc]1 z inde$ we h already h9t$4 ,he is said to h di$ 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ye> #dje 9 ,spa94 ,our in=mation is l>gely conjectural & af=ds u no c]ta9ty ab\t 8 clos+ ye>s4 ,t a poet :o /ill dwelt amid ! sculptur$ coldness ( ! pagan pa/ %\ld h writt5 su* hymns1 is a pro( ( :at ,*ri/ianity 0 !n a*iev+4 ,%e _h bani%$ f ! *illy ap>tm5ts ( lit]ature ! anci5t focus ) its feeble *>coal & its mephitic smoke4 ,in/ead ( ?is %e _h creat$ ! *e]ful he>?1 on :i* a pure fire ( devotion 0 k9dl$ & ^: asc5d+ flame swept (f ! immoral vapors ( ! "t4 ,prud5tius1 9 a ^w1 made s*ol>%ip & religion companions in/ead ( enemies2 & bright5$ classic prosody by ! pres5ce ( a liv+ fai?4 ,to ,prud5tius also m hymns h be5 ascrib$ ?an he ev] wrote1 b aft] ^! h be5 we$$ out1 !re are left3 ,ales diei nuntius1 ,nox et t5ebrae et nubila1 ,sol ecce surgit igneus1 ,int5de no/ris s5sibus1 ,o crucif] bone1 lucisator1 ,pa/is visc]ibus1 ciboque sumpto1 ,inv5tor rutili dux bone lum9is1 ,ades pat] supreme1 ,cultor ,dei mem5to1 ,o ,naz>5e lux ,be?lem v]bum ,patris1 ,9 ,n9ivitas se coactus p]cito1 ,*ri/e s]vorum regim5 tuorum1 ,da pu] plectrum1 ,corde natus ex p>5tis1 ,deus ignee fons anim>um1 ,jam moe/a quiesce qu]ela1 ,quid e/ quod arctum circulum1 ,quicumque ,*ri/um qua]itis1 ,o sola magn>um urbium1 ,audit tyrannus anxius1 ,salvete flores m>tyrum1 ,qui t] quat]nus d5ique1 ,felix t]ra quae ,fructuoso ve/iris1 ,lux ecce surgit aurea1 ,en m>tyris ,laur5tii1 ,beate m>tyr prosp]a1 ,noctis t]rae primordia1 ,obsidionis obvias1 ,hymnum ,m>iae ,virg9is1 ,g]m9e nobilis ,eulalia1 ,scripta sunt coelo duorum1 ,innum]os c9]es sanctorum4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,ennodius1 ,,bi%op ,,( ,,pavia4 ,ramba* says1 9 8 ,an?ology1 t none ( ! hymns ( ,ennodius h be5 adopt$ by ! ,*ur*4 8,nor h ,i10 adds ,daniel1 8f\nd 9 any brevi>y a v]se ( ,ennodius4 ,yet10 he cont9ues1 8s9ce !re are _m ( !m 9 ! collection ( ,?omasius1 :i* h be5 tak5 f ! ,moz>abic ,brevi>y1 x seems to me c]ta9 t 9 "s c\ntries !y 7 =m]ly employ$ by ! ,*ur*40 ,"s corruption has also tak5 place 9 ! text4 ,&1 9 %ort1 ^! hymns h nev] appe>$ ei!r dev\t or orig9al en\gh to secure ! suffrages ( ! fai?ful4 ,! reason = _! empt9ess is n f> to seek4 ,_! au?or 0 a man ( great celebrity b ( little piety4 ,8 reputation1 too1 is t ( an ard5t ecclesia/1 :o manag$ to climb ! heights ( sa9t%ip by work+ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,roman pontiff4 ,he labor$ to ma9ta9 ! supremacy ( ! ,pope--^u :om1 x is said1 on good au?ority1 t he 0 ! fir/ to be/[ ! _w-wide appellation ( ,papa 7,pope7--& to effect ! union "u ?is "o religi\s head ( bo? ,greek & ,roman *ur*es4 ,to ?is s+le cause1 ) its d\ble aspect1 ,ennodius gave 8 tal5ts & 8 zeal4 ,he 0 s f> successful t he ga9$ honor & position = himself1 h[ev] he 0 prosp]$ 9 8 o!r plans4 ,he 0 a p]son ( suffici5t prom95ce = ,italy & ,gaul to conte/ ! honor ( 8 bir?4 ,x w\ld appe>1 h[ev]1 t ,gaul has ! be/ title to :atev] cr$it 8 nationality may give4 ,! works on hymnology d n m5tion him1 & ! only notices ( 8 life & writ+s are to be f\nd 9 out-(-!-way corn]s ( books on ,lat9 lit]ature & 9 ! controv]sial pages ( ,*ur* hi/orians4 ,^? :o attack & ^? :o def5d ! papal claims1 are 9 ! habit ( m5tion+ ! two embassies ( ,ennodius z notable po9ts 9 _! argum5t2 b ! man is lo/ f sight 9 ! p>am\nt importance ( 8 mission4 ,x _c be s ) u1 to :om 8 p]sonal "* is ! topic ( int]e/1 & :o c>e only = 8 circum/ances z ^! develop him to u ^u 8 hymnologic side4 ,ennodius has himself in=m$ u t he reg>d$ ,arles z 8 native place4 ,we also "k t he 0 born 9 #dgc1 because he di$ 9 #eba at ! age ( =ty-eight4 ,8 family 0 highly respectable1 if1 inde$1 x 0 n actually illu/ri\s4 ,our poet always %[s a famili>ity ) ! affairs ( good society2 & 9 ^? times good society _h only "o mean+4 ,x 0 a society :i* educat$ its scions 9 ! polite le>n+ ( ,greece & ,rome1 & :i* made mu* ( ! ability to speak & write ! ,lat9 tongue4 ,x is sc>cely to be que/ion$ t ?is 0 ! !ory on :i* ! e>ly education ( ,ennodius proce$$4 ,he 0 s5t to ,milan 9 ord] to become v]s$ 9 :at 0 call$ humane le>n+4 ,if he is himself to be believ$ he acquir$ bo? bad & good 9 ?is s*ool4 ,he lam5ts ) a mock humility 7= s x w\ld appe> by 8 lat] lit]>y d]elictions7 t he _h obta9$ a great deal ( wick$ & ungodly in=mation2 & really no "o c read "s ( 8 na/y epigrams & d\bt 8 ass]tion4 ,=1 :e!r x 0 p]missible to a sa9t or n1 x is a fact1 t ! editors ( 8 works h n scrupl$ to pr9t "s exce$+ly pr(ane & improp] pieces :i* are und\bt$ly ! product ( 8 p54 ,8 aunt1 :o 0 be>+ ! co/ ( ?is admirable in/ruction1 di$ 9 #dhi--t is1 :5 he 0 sixte5--& he 0 left )\t means to proce$ ) 8 /udies4 ,he av[s t he _h come to dete/ ! v "n ( lib]al education1 & ?is1 "u ! circum/ances1 _c well be reg>d$ z any?+ v surpris+4 ,we soon aft] f9d him m>ri$ to a lady :o is describ$ z ( a 8mo/ noble0 & !re=e highly appropriate family4 ,%e 01 moreov]1 8v ri*0--ano!r satisfactory po9t4 ,) ?is weal?y & fa%ionable wife1 ,ennodius rapidly obta9$ a view ( e>?1 & :at e>? c give1 :i* 0 s f> limit$ 9 t ! money did n equal ! desires ( ! m>ri$ pair4 ,x ran l[ & ! bitt]ness ( f9ancial p]plexities m+l$ ) ! cup ( _! happ9ess4 ,judg+ ! husb& by 8 epigrams he 0 pretty fairly exhau/$ by ! spe$ ( _! c>e]1 & 0 q ready to %ake (f ! encumbrance ( a family & devote himself to ! l(ty purpose ( be+ support$ by somebody else4 ,an unprejudic$ m9d fails to see 9 ?is any p>ticul> 8admonition0 or 8example0 to 8 age4 ,x is m]ely ! selfi% escape ( a worldly b emb>rass$ man4 ,divorces 7 n available !n ) ! ease ) :i* a less scrupul\s & m intellectual g5]ation c n[ procure !m4 ,! prop]1 &1 inde$1 ! m]itori\s way1 0 to slip into a cloi/] & become "o ( t va/ army :i* 0 soon to be ! t[] ( /r5g? ( ! ,pope4 ,he himself ascribes ?is /ep to a s]i\s illness 9 :i* he _h be5 heal$ ?r\gh ! miracul\s int]position ( ,/4 ,victor1 aft] ! doctors _h giv5 up 8 case4 ,ennodius n[ atta*$ himself to ! p]son & =tunes ( ,epiphanius1 ! ,bi%op ( ,pavia4 ,he 0 plac$ "u ! tutelage ( "o ,s]vilio1 :o taught him !ology accord+ to ! me?ods & op9ions !n 9 vogue4 ,8 wife mean:ile _h made ! be/ ( x aft] ! same fa%ion1 & _h gone into a conv5t1 :]e all trace ( h] vani%es 9 t monotone ( gray walls1 *ant$ s]vices1 & ceaseless devotion4 ,at lea/ no individuality resembl+ h] ev] h5ce=? em]ges f t uni=m procession :i* passes by u1 9 ?is & lat] c5turies1 z ! long l9e ( hood$ figures moves a?w>t ,dante & ,virgil 9 ! 8,purgatorio40 ,b ! c>e] ( ,ennodius n[ beg9s4 ,he is ! bi%op's *os5 companion1 ! associate ( 8 exp$ition to ,brianon 9 ,burgundy 9 behalf ( c]ta9 prison]s2 = 9 ^? days ! spiritual h& 0 (t5 laid ) a mighty grip on ! secul> arm4 ,! poet 0 by ?is "t a deacon1 hav+ be5 orda9$ !reto by 8 k9d fri5d ! bi%op4 ,& ! duties ( ?is private secret>y%ip 7 s pleasant t x is evid5t no "o w\ld will+ly surr5d] !m = a cold cell & mat9s e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,! glimpses :i* we get ( ,ennodius d n enc\rage u to e/eem him an ascetic1 or to ?9k him lack+ 9 zeal = p]sonal com=t4 ,he 0 ! lit]>y adjunct ( a rem>kably amiable prelate1 ) :om he 0 on t]ms ( intimacy :i* made 8 own life no c>e at all1 & 8 meat & dr9k no problem :atev]6 ,f #did1 !n1 he cont9u$ /ill to occupy ?is po/ ( tru/ & ease4 ,we are told t ! bi%op p]suad$ him to x1 b !re c be no reasonable objection to our believ+ t ! bi%op _h no unwill+ li/5]4 ,! lit]>y capacity ( ,ennodius next attracts att5tion4 ,8 patron 7:o mu/ n be confus$ ) ! great ,bi%op ( ,salamis1 ! au?or ( ! fam\s ,h]esies1 :o belongs to ! previ\s c5tury7 di$ be=e #eaj4 ,maximus ,,iii4 _h succe$$ ,epiphanius1 & aft] 8 dea? our ,ennodius1 9 #eaj or #eaa1 0 select$ = ! vacant diocese4 ,! "n ( ?is episcopate 0 ,tic9um1 or1 z we n[ /yle x1 ,pavia4 ,x is pla9 t ! be/[al ( ?is dignity 0 ha/5$ by ! fact t our s*ol> :ile /ill a deacon _h def5d$ ,pope ,symma*us be=e ! ,roman synod call$ 8,palm>e10 & s effectually t ! disc\rse 0 ent]$ on ! acts ( ! c\ncil1 :]e x /ill appe>s4 ,! ,pope _h be5 *>g$ ) crimes1 & a synod convok$ by ! h]etical ,!odoric 0 to decide ! case4 ,! date 0 ,octob]1 #eja4 ,! place 0 a portico ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,rome to :i* ?is "n ( ,palm>e 0 usually giv54 ,& ! spee* is hi/oric inasmu* z x is ! e>lie/ record$ in/ance ( t ass]tion ( supremacy on ! "p ( ! ,roman pontiff :i* frees him f any responsibility to e>?ly rul]s4 ,ennodius ?us became ! advocate ( ?is dogma1 & ^u ! broad w+s ( papal favor he so>$ to ! high /ation :i* 8 patron ,epiphanius _h quitt$4 ,?is bur/ ( declamatory eloqu5ce did n come )\t prep>atory tra9+4 ,ennodius _h be5 ex]cis$ 9 ! art ( declamation 9 8 y\?ful days &1 z a deacon1 he 0 able to utilize 8 k4 ,9 #eaj or #eaa1 n long aft] 8 elevation to ! mitre1 he wrote ! life ( 8 fri5d & pr$ecessor4 ,& ?is he foll[$ ) div]s p]=mances ( a lit]>y "* :i* 7 g5]\sly applaud$4 ,he became a sort ( h]o 9 ! _w ( lett]s1 & :atev] he 0 pleas$ to compose 0 he>tily comm5d$4 ,9 #eae x 0 natural t su* an advocate ( ! absolute dom9ation ( ! ,roman pontiff %\ld be select$ to help 9 ! ef=t to reunite ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* to ! ,we/]n4 ,! ambassadors 7 himself1 ! ,bi%op ( ,pavia2 ,=tunatus1 ,bi%op ( ,catania2 ,v5antius1 a presbyt]2 ,vitalis1 a deacon1 & ,hil>ius1 a not>y & scribe4 ,^! names !mselves reveal a n infrequ5t s\rce ( confusion to /ud5ts ( t di/ress+ly b>r5 p]iod1 :5 x 0 reg>d$ z a v pleasant complim5t to call ! son ( a nobody by ! di/+ui%$ appellation ( "s great p]son 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ?is mann] ,hil>y & ,=tunatus suff]$ !n1 & mod]n s*ol>s h be5 (t5 vex$ & p]plex$ s9ce1 especially :5 dates come ne> toge!r4 ,x h>dly ne$s to be add$ t ^! we>]s ( illu/ri\s names h only t me$ ( r5[n1 su* z x is4 ,! purpose ( ! embassy 0 to obta9 f ! ,byzant9e ,emp]or ,ana/asius1 at t "t a man ( great age1 ! recognition ( ,hormisdas1 ! rul+ ,pope1 z ! supreme religi\s head ( bo? empires4 ,x 0 a delicate negotiation1 & x dem&$ a p]fectly incorruptible adh]5ce to ! int]e/s ( ,rome4 ,9 ?is respect ,ennodius /ood pre-em95t z :at ,mo%eim /yles an 8infatuat$ adulator ( ! ,roman pontiff10 & z a ma/] ( ! /yle !n requir$ 9 a diplomat4 ,he _h 79 #ejc7 eulogiz$ ,pope ,symma*us1 call+ him 8"o :o judg$ 9 ! place ( ,god0 7vice ,dei judic>e7 & aga9 79 #ejg7 he _h publi%$ a panegyric on ,!odoric1 ! ,go?ic ,k+ ( ,italy1 :i* _h all ! absurd flatt]y ( t species ( composition4 ,to cr[n ^! he 0 ! ob$i5t occupant ( ! see ( ,pavia4 ,he 0 !re=e j ! man to d ! "w ( ! rel5tless & uncompromis+ ,pope4 ,caelius ,hormisdas 0 a man :o nev] yield$1 nev] =got1 & nev] relax$ a purpose4 ,su* m51 back$ by a suffici5t p[]1 wr+ f a reluctant _w ab\t all t !y h det]m9$ to secure4 ,b to ! ob/9ate w ( ! ,pope 0 oppos$ ! no less ob/9ate w ( ! old ,emp]or--n[ fully eighty-five ye>s ( age--& q z grim 9 8 me?ods z any ,hormisdas4 ,x 0 to be a battle ( giants & ! int]m$iates might look = little favor4 ,! opportunity = ! negotiation itself happ5$ to occur 9 an unusual way4 ,vitalianus1 comm&] ( ! ,imp]ial ,byzant9e cavalry1 _h tak5 arms aga9/ ! ,emp]or2 _h defeat$ & put to dea? ,cyril1 ! oppos+ g5]al1 & _h !n m>*$ to ! v gates ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,! victor 0 propos+ to color 8 rebellion by a pleasant pretext ( help+ ! or?odox2 & ! old ,emp]or1 !re=e1 turn$ ! edge ( 8 own humiliation by agree+ to a correspond5ce ) ! ,pope4 ,ana/asius began to c>ry out 8 %>e ( ?is unpleasant bus9ess by appo9t+ a c\ncil to meet at ,h]aclea1 9 ,?race1 on ,july #ae?1 #eae1 & ask+ = commission]s to be s5t f ,rome4 ,! v5]able fox knew p]fectly well t he _h n all[$ "t en\gh = ! prop] in/ruction ( ^! delegates1 nor = !m to make ! long j\rney4 ,b ,pope ,hormisdas appo9t$ !m1 & !y proce$$ to ! imp]ial c\rt1 utt]ly indiff]5t z to ! "t ( ! c\ncil1 & )\t any apologies = _! delay :i* hi/ory deigns to record4 ,!y w5t1 inde$1 9 a v haughty _s1 & did n ev5 comm5ce _! exp$ition be=e ,augu/ #ab?4 ,:5 !y rea*$ ! ,emp]or !y ask$1 or r dem&$1 t he %\ld ass5t to ! lett] ( ,pope ,leo1 :o 0 ! fir/ to claim ?is submission f ! ,ea/4 ,!y insi/$1 fur!rmore1 t ?is het]odox mon>* %\ld accept ! def9itions ( ! fam\s ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 ,a4,d4 #dea1 :i* relate to ! nature & p]sonality ( ,*ri/4 ,! s*ism betwe5 ,ea/ & ,we/ _h n[ la/$ = ?irty-"o ye>s1 & a c]ta9 ,acacius1 ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 :o _h be5 a mo/ p]si/5t oppon5t ( ! dem&s ( ,leo ! ,great1 0 /ill a ?orn 9 ! ,roman pontiff's side4 ,b ,ana/asius receiv$ ! ambassadors ) j z pr\d a _s z !y _h %[n to him4 ,he w\ld nei!r yield to ,leo nor to ,*alc$on1 nor w\ld he ana!matize ,acacius4 ,ennodius & 8 companions return$ to ,rome )\t accompli%+ _! mission1 & ! ,emp]or s5t lett]s aft] !m by ,!opompus & ,sev]ianus1 pr9cipal m5 ( 8 c\rt4 ,:5 ^! rea*$ ,rome !y 7 badly receiv$ by ,hormisdas1 & f\nd t no?+ w\ld answ] except ! excommunication ( ,acacius4 ,) ?is ultimatum !y got back1 some:at cre/fall52 & poor ,acacius 7:o 0 n half s bad z 8 papal foe7 0 once m ?reat5$ ) bani%m5t to et]nal fires4 ,ana/asius1 h[ev]1 0 n at all incl9$ to h& ov] 8 bi%op to ! m]cies ( ,hormisdas4 ,he /\tly refus$ & cont9u$ to refuse ?r\gh\t ! ensu+ correspond5ce4 ,ab\t two hundr$ monks & ar*im&rites 7heads ( mona/]ies7 s5t f ,syria a lett] to ! ,pope :i* 0 direct$ aga9/ ! patri>* ( ,antio*1 ,sev]us by "n1 & :i* gave 9 _! own allegiance to ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,emp]or /ill ma9ta9$ ! cause ( ,acacius1 al?\gh he mu/ h se5 t ! ,pope 0 z det]m9$ z ev] to c>ry 8 po9t & t !re 0 n[ a great deal :i* 0 work+ 9 favor ( ! papal plans4 ,:5 ! ,syrians address$ _! lett] to ! 8,mo/ holy & bless$ ,hormisdas1 ,patri>* ( ! :ole e>?1 hold+ ! see ( ,pet] ! pr9ce ( ! apo/les10 x spoke volumes = :at ! ,pope _h be5 able to effect by 8 ag5ts & repres5tations 9 ! ,ea/4 ,b ! ,emp]or w\ld n yield ! po9t & act ^u ! conciliatory policy ( ! h]etical ,!odoric ( ,italy1 :i* 0 t !y might settle religi\s matt]s 9 _! own fa%ion1 provid$ !y honor$ absolutely 8 temporal sway4 ,a second embassy 0 set on foot consi/+ ( ,ennodius & ,p]egr9us1 ,bi%op ( ,mis5um4 ,by ^! ambassadors lett]s 7 s5t r5ew+ ! old conditions & av[+ t no?+ w\ld be satisfactory %ort ( ! complete bani%m5t ( t pe/il5t wret* ,acacius4 ,?is 0 too mu* = ! ,emp]or to be>4 ,he angrily dismiss$ ! legates1 %ipp+ !m (f 9 an old & leaky vessel1 & giv+ a special ord] to ,demetrius & ,heliodorus to see t !y did n set foot 9 8 dom9ions aft] !y _h once sail$ = home4 ,beh9d ! fly+ ambassadors foll[$ a docum5t :i* express$ ! royal m9d ) =ce & vigor4 ,aft] comp>+ ! conduct ( ! ,pope v unfavorably ) t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,emp]or proce$s to say3 8,we %all give y no fur!r tr\ble1 x be+ 9 va9 = u to pray or entreat y1 s9ce y are ob/9ately det]m9$ n to he>k5 to our pray]s & entreaties4 ,we c be> to be despis$ & affront$1 b we w n be comm&$40 ,?is 0 dat$ ,july #aa?1 #eag1 & reveals an unexpect$ dignity 9 ! old ,emp]or1 & x makes u glad to record t1 :ile he liv$1 ! ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople 0 at lea/ pres]v$ 9 a salvable /ate4 ,b :5 ,ana/asius di$1 !n ,hormisdas began aga9 ^u ,ju/91 8 successor1 & nev] /opp$ until ,acacius 0 /ruck f ! roll ( bi%ops & until ! ,ea/ ackn[l$g$ ! spiritual supremacy ( ! ,we/4 ,t ! victory 0 ( no long cont9uance or ( any enorm\s value1 does n prev5t u f notic+ t x gave to ,magnus ,felix ,ennodius 8 p]man5t place 9 ! ,roman cal5d>1 & did ev]y?+ = 8 lit]>y & ecclesia/ical com=t4 ,he 0 well rew>d$ = 8 devotion to ! cause4 ,ana/asius reign$ #dia-eah1 & ,hormisdas1 :o _h once be5 m>ri$ & _h a son1 :o also became ,pope1 rul$ 9 8 sph]e f #ead to #ebc4 ,?us he _h ne>ly five ye>s :]e9 to rejoice ov] 8 ob/9ate dead enemy4 ,& ,ennodius possess$ 8 s\l 9 peace & turn$ 8 att5tion once m to polite lit]ature4 ,( ! writ+s :i* he has left to u1 ! pr9cipal are ! life ( ,epiphanius2 ano!r ( ,antonius ( ,pannonia1 a h]mit at ,lake ,como & !n a monk at ,l]9s2 toge!r ) a ,eu*>i/icum de ,vita sua & ! apology & panegyric m5tion$ above4 ,add to ^! n9e books ( lett]s1 8weigh$ d[n ) empt9ess10 & v>i\s it9]>ies1 declamations1 & poetical pieces1 & y h all he did4 ,! lett]s are mo/ unsatisfactory :5 we rememb] t he 0 ! fri5d1 & p]haps ! relative1 ( m5 l ,boe?ius1 ,fau/us1 ,avi5us1 ,caes> ( ,arles1 ,aurelian1 & ( bi%ops & o!r prelates )\t numb]1 & liv$ 9 ,italy "u ! great ,!odoric4 ,he is utt]ly lack+ 9 contempor>y portraits1 & 8 acc\nts ( 8 ?ree j\rneys give u no?+ valuable4 ,all is /ilt$1 unnatural1 & dull4 ,he 0 n mu* ( a travell] at be/4 ,a trip into ,burgundy1 ano!r across ! ,po to see 8 si/]1 & "o f ,rome by sea1 make up ! li/ ( :i* he kept any trace 9 8 writ+s4 ,he is 9 no ha/e to detail ! say+s & do+s at ,con/ant9ople6 ,b x %\ld be said t ^! p]=mances ) ! p5 7 previ\s to 8 elevation to ! mitre4 ,aft]w>d he d\btless compos$ only hymns & epigrams--! hymns be+ dec5t & ! epigrams v mu* ! rev]se4 ,! ,g]man s*ol> ,teuffel looks ^u 8 productions z an 8important s\rce ( hi/ory0 = "s enigmatic reason ( 8 own1 b ,simcox v ju/ly sc\ts !m2 & ! ,romani/ ,b]+ton ass]ts t he rises 8) we>9ess0 f _! p]usal4 ,i mu/ p]sonally decl>e t !y exhibit nei!r skill1 ta/e1 nor in=mation4 ,!y are jejune & empty to a m>vell\s degree2 & = complication ( s5t5ces & unclassical phraseology1 !y are equal to ! /upide/ books ( a lat] day4 ,& no?+ worse ?an ?is c be said by any critic4 ,! ,eu*>i/icum is an ins9c]e sort ( ?anksgiv+ = 8 re/oration to heal?1 & v f> beh9d ! /yle ( ,augu/9e :i* x copies4 ,x gives u a few p>ticul>s ( 8 p]sonal hi/ory1 b x is prosaic & ,ph>isaic1 & full ( a mock humble glorification ( ! bless$ ,victor ! ,m>tyr1 by ^: int]cession he is n[ convalesc5t4 ,! hymns are a trifle m hopeful1 & really m]it our notice4 ,!y are by no means ! 8doz5 tame hymns0 ( :i* ,simcox speaks s contemptu\sly4 ,!re are sixte5 ( !m & ?ree are q good4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 is ! ,*ri/e lum5 p]petuum3 8,o ,*ri/1 ! et]nal light ,( e sun & sph]e1 ,illum9e ?\ our mortal night ,& keep our spirits cle>4 8,let no?+ evil smite1 ,nor enemy invade2 ,& let u /a9less be1 & :ite1 ,by no?+ base betray$4 8,gu>d ?\ ! he>ts ( all1 ,b *iefly ( ?9e own2 ,& hold u1 t we may n fall1 ,?r\gh ?y great might alone4 8,t s our s\ls may s+1 ,:5 favor+ light !y see2 ,& e v[ & tribute br+ ,to ,god 9 ,tr9ity40 ,! ,*ri/e precamur is q z good3 8,to !e ,o ,*ri/ we ev] pray ,& bl5d our pray] ) te>s2 ,?\ pure & holy ,"o1 alway ,protect our night ( ye>s6 8,our he>ts %all be at re/ 9 !e2 ,9 sleep !y dream ?y praise1 ,& to ?y glory1 fai?fully1 ,!y hail ! com+ days4 8,give u a life t %all n fail2 ,refre% our spirits !n2 ,let blacke/ night be=e !e pale1 ,& br+ ?y light to m56 8,our v[s 9 song we pay !e /ill1 ,&1 at ! ev5+ h\r1 ,may all t we h purpos$ ill ,be "r ?r\gh sov]eign p[]60 ,!re is yet "o m hymn :i* seems wor?y ( a place 9 our reg>d4 ,x is ! ,*ri/e salvator omnium3 8,o ,*ri/1 ! ,savi\r ( all1 ,?\ ,"l ( ! heav5s above2 ,we ask ?y glori\s aid ,be=e ! day %all remove4 8,! sun is ha/5+ d[n2 ,8 light is sunk 9 ! we/2 ,he hide? ! _w 9 gloom1 ,accord+ to ,god's behe/4 8,d ?\1 mo/ excell5t ,"l1 ,z we ?y foll[]s pray1 ,to u1 all we>y ) toil1 ,grant quiet night on our way4 8,t day1 f our d>k5+ he>ts1 ,may nev] )draw h] light2 ,b1 safe 9 ?y gu>dian grace1 ,?y love illum9e our night40 ,! poetical & spiritual range ( ^! lyrics is n ext5sive1 ( c\rse1 b x is a va/ improvem5t on ^? 8uncleanly imitations ( ,m>tial10 or su* involv$ & he>tless tricks ( v]se z he sometimes essays4 ,b he became a sa9t1 & t mu/ suffice6 ,8 life has be5 writt5 by ,sirmond2 & 8 times & life toge!r h occupi$ ! att5tion ( ,f]tig 7,passau1 #ahee74 ,he di$ at ,padua1 z we are cr$ibly in=m$1 on ,july #ag? 7,,xvi4 ,kal4 ,aug471 #eba1 & ?is date is assign$ to him 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic cal5d> ( sa9ts4 ,8 epitaph1 accord+ to ,despont1 :o wrote 9 #afgg1 0 /ill to be f\nd 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 & te/imonies to 8 s]vices are among ! acts ( ! ,fif? ,synod ( ,rome1 & are includ$ 9 ! public pap]s ( ,hormisdas4 ,:5 y break op5 ! important hi/orical facts ) :i* he 0 id5tifi$1 !n l ! toad f ! /one1 comes =? ,ennodius4 ,& l t toad1 ?\gh 8ugly & v5om\s10 he yet 8we>s a preci\s jewel 9 8 head40 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,caelius ,,s$ulius ,,& ,,8 ,,alphabet ,,hymn4 ,lat9 hymnology gives a di/+ui%$ place to a hymn ( tw5ty-?ree /anzas1 ea* /anza conta9+ f\r l9es & beg9n+ ) a lett] ( ! alphabet 9 regul> ord]4 ,?us f ,a to ,z all ! lett]s appe> except ,j1 ,u1 & ,w4 ,cat]va is spell$ ,kat]va1 to answ] = ,k4 ,y is repres5t$ by ,ymnis1 :i* is ano!r =m ( ,hymnis4 ,& at la/ ,zelum concludes ! li/4 ,! au?or /ruggles ) a difficulty :5 he takes ,x]omyrrham to answ] = ,x1 b o!rwise ! ideas & v]sification are s excell5t z to h made ! hymn classic4 ,! ,roman ,brevi>y uses two selections f x4 ,"o comm5ces ,a solis ortus c>d9e1 ad usque1 & ! o!r1 ,ho/is ,h]odes impie4 ,! g5]al subject is ! ,nativity1 b ! poem soon proce$s to ! ,miracles ( our ,"l1 & closes ) an ascription ( praise = ,8 ,resurrection4 ,!re c be no d\bt ab\t ! au?or%ip4 ,old manuscript codices1 & ! tradition ( ! ,*ur*1 assign x def9itely to ,caelius ,s$ulius--sometimes call$ ,caius ,caelius ,s$ulius--:o fl\ri%$ ne> ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,b 8 p]sonal hi/ory is mu* h>d] to come at1 & ! few facts :i* we possess only /imulate our curiosity to "k m4 ,& besides1 he is s entangl$ ) ano!r ,s$ulius--also a poet1 also a celebrat$ au?or1 also a ,scot1 & also involv$ 9 mu* obscurity--t ne>ly e notice ( 8 "n conta9s m or less ( error4 ,?is second ,s$ulius1 h[ev]1 wrote no hymn :i* has surviv$1 & !re=e ne$s no fur!r m5tion4 ,he is always nam$ ,s$ulius ,scotus1 to di/+ui% him f our ,s$ulius1 :o is inv>iably call$ ,caelius ,s$ulius4 ,he fl\ri%$ some:]e betwe5 #gba & #hah1 :ile ! be/ asc]ta9$ date ( 8 pr$ecessor's life appe>s to be #dcd4 ,our s\rces ( in=mation reg>d+ ,s$ulius are ,isidore ( ,seville & ,=tunatus ( ,poiti]s4 ,j]ome 7,hi]onymus7 left a catalogue ( au?ors f ! "t ( ,/4 ,pet] to 8 own day4 ,?is 0 cont9u$ by ,g5nadius1 z ,notk] ( ,/4 ,gall tells u1 & !n x 0 /ill fur!r ext5d$ by ,isidore4 ,nei!r ,j]ome nor ,g5nadius m5tion our poet2 ! fir/ because he di$ 9 #dbj1 be=e ,s$ulius _h a*iev$ di/9ction1 & ! second possibly = ! same reason1 z 8 dea? occurr$ ab\t #dif at ,m>seilles4 ,isidore 7:o di$ #fcf7 !n und]took to supply ! defici5cies ( ! catalogue & ins]t$ a brief note respect+ ,s$ulius4 ,e>li] ?an ,isidore1 h[ev]1 is ,=tunatus 7#ecj-fji71 :o names our au?or z "o ( ! five fir/ ,*ri/ian poets4 ,juv5cus he dates at #ccj ,a4,d42 ,s$ulius fl\ri%$ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury2 ,prud5tius 0 conv]t$ 9 #dje2 ,paul9us di$ 9 #deh1 & ,arator 0 at 8 z5i? 9 #efj4 ,?is w\ld seem to fix pretty closely ! p]iod to :i* ,s$ulius belongs4 ,ref]5ces 9 ! manuscripts are ( no additional value4 ,!y tell u t he 0 a 8,g5tile layman10 or1 9 o!r words1 a p]son n ( ,italian bir?2 t he le>n$ philosophy 9 ,italy2 0 conv]t$ & baptiz$ by ,mac$onius1 a presbyt]2 & t he wrote 8 !ological works 9 ,arcadia1 or1 z "s say1 ,a*aia4 ,! ,vatican 8,codex ( ! ,que5 ( ,sw$50 calls him a 8v]se-mak]0 & 8tea*] ( ! art ( h]oic metre40 ,ano!r codex adds t he also taught o!r v>ieties ( metrical composition1 & t all ?is happ5$ 9 ! days ( ! y\ng] ,!odosius1 son ( ,arcadius1 & ( ,val5t9ian1 son ( ,con/ant9e4 ,( 8 specific writ+s /ill ano!r codex /ates t he 8put =? 9 ,a*aia ?is book aga9/ error & compos$ 9 v]se a comm5dation ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?40 ,"s ,s$ulius1 8notable = 8 writ+s10 appe>s to h f\nd 8 way into ,spa9 :]e1 9 ! ye> #dbh1 ,isicius1 a ,pale/9e monk1 :o _h become ,bi%op ( ,tol$o1 deta9$ him = 8 good fell[%ip at ,tol$o4 ,) him is said to h t>ri$ a c]ta9 ,bi%op ,oretanus1 & ! inf]5ce is t ^! ?ree wor?ies held num]\s symposia ^u !ology & lit]ature4 ,b ! /ory is d5i$ by ,nicolaus ,antonius1 ! hi/orian ( old ,spani% s*ol>%ip4 ,^? m9ute & labori\s inve/igators1 ! ,b5$ict9es1 h1 ) ant-l pati5ce1 ?read$ e corn] ( ! labyr9? 9 :i* ^! /ray facts are ga!r$4 ,!y ass]t t ,mac$onius probably receiv$ him aft] he _h be5 baptiz$ by "s "o else4 ,& :ile we d n "k "u :at ma/] he /udi$ !ology1 nor ev5 :]e ! s*ool 0 locat$1 we "k t ,s$ulius became presbyt] 9 a *ur* ^: bi%op's "n 0 ,urs9us1 & :]e ,ursic9us1 ,laur5tius1 & ,gallicanus 7 8 co-presbyt]s4 ,us%] relates t ! epi!t ,scotig5a--! ,scot--0 frequ5tly appli$ to him4 ,tri!mius gives u to und]/& t he 0 l$ by love ( le>n+ to visit ,france1 !n ,italy1 !n ,asia1 & !n ,a*aia1 & t 8 reputation 0 ga9$ 9 ! city ( ,rome4 ,sixtus ,s55sis comp>es him to ,apollonius ( ,tyana 9 8 zeal\s pursuit ( wisdom2 & enl>ges ! li/ ( c\ntries :i* he trav]s$ by add+ ,brita9 & ,spa94 ,"u ,!odosius & at ,rome1 he too decl>es ,s$ulius to h be5 fam\s 9 prose & v]se4 ,b ,us%] fir/ claim$ him = ,brita92 & ,us%] x 0 :o ma9ta9$ t he 0 a pupil ( t ,hildeb]t :o ranks among ! e>lie/ ( ! ,iri% bi%ops4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t some:]e 9 ,brita9 9 ^? days !re 0 ! light ( ,*ri/ianity1 = 9 #dcb ,/4 ,patrick set out f ,scotl& 8to conv]t ,irel&40 ,nor c we omit to notice t ,us%] /yles ,s$ulius 8,scotus ,hyb]n5sis10 ?us orig9at+ ! expression 8,scot*-,iri%man10 b us+ x 9 exactly ! rev]se ( its mod]n s5se4 ,s f> z ^! p>tial facts & conjectures g we are safe 9 affirm+ t ,s$ulius 0 a le>n$ & /udi\s p]son1 probably an ,iri%man--= at t "t ,scot & ,iri%man 7 synonym\s--& t he ga9$ r5[n ab\t ! ye> #dcd1 hav+ /udi$ 9 ,italy1 travell$ ext5sively1 & be5 a resid5t 9 ,a*aia4 ,! temptation is1 h[ev]1 irresi/ible to make him ,iri% r ?an ,scot*1 ^u ! /r5g? ( ! mo/ anci5t 8bull0 on record4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! ,alphabet ,hymn & reads ?us3 8,qu>ta die jam foetidus ,vitam recepit ,laz>us1 ,cunctisque lib] v9culis ,factus sup]/es e/ sibi40 8,^u ! f\r? day ,laz>us ,reviv$1 ?\gh all malodor\s2 ,& fre$ f ! en*a9+ gr\nd ,himself 8 own survivor f\nd60 ,! writ+s ( ,s$ulius are m num]\s ?an might be suppos$4 ,^? :i* h be5 pres]v$ are n9e1 two 9 v]se & ! re/ 9 prose4 ,! mo/ elaborate is a comm5t>y on ! f\r ,gospels1 d$icat$ to ! abbot ,mac$onius & to :i* he prefix$ 8 ,c>m5 ,pas*ale4 ,he also wrote on ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 z did 8 namesake ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,to ,!odosius he address$ a book4 ,he wrote treatises on ! books ( ,priscian & ,donatus1 ! gramm>ians4 ,he also treat$ ( ! miracles ( ,*ri/ 9 prose & s5t out _m 8epi/les ( ,s$ulius ,scotig5a40 ,8 poetry is compris$ 9 ! ,alphabet ,hymn2 9 ! ,c>m5 ,pas*ale :5ce we get no?+ = hymnology except ! hexamet] ,salve ,sancta ,p>5s enixa 7pu]p]a regem72 & 9 ! ,elegy1 f :i* comes ! ,cantemus socii4 ,! ,c>m5 ,pas*ale is an epic 9 ! ,virgilian /yle4 ,! ,elegy is an exhortation to ! fai?ful4 ,b ! ,alphabet ,hymn has enri*$ ! ,*ur* ) two lyrics1 "o on ! ,nativity & "o on ! ,slaught] ( ! ,innoc5ts4 ,by plac+ ! fir/ /anza side by side ) ! fir/ /anza ( ! fam\s ,ambrosian hymn1 x is easily se5 t !y are ! same4 ,ambrosian4 8,a solis ortus c>d9e ,et usque t]rae limitem ,*ri/um canamus pr9cipem ,natum ,m>iae virg9is40 ,s$ulian4 8,a solis ortus c>d9e ,ad usque t]rae limitem ,*ri/um canamus pr9cipem ,natum ,m>ia virg9e40 ,b ?is is no unusual occurr5ce 9 days :5 ! language ( ! ,psalms 0 employ$ 9 ! ,ambrosian hymns1 & :5 ! ,ambrosian hymns !mselves furni%$ a conv5i5t f\ndation = ! lat] praises ( ! ,*ur*4 ,n only did ,s$ulius imitate !m closely1 b ,ennodius1 ,=tunatus1 ,gregory1 ,b$e1 ,rabanus1 & ,damiani--) _m o!r unkn[n writ]s--/udi$ & copi$ _! metre & expression4 ,a curi\s in/ance ( ?is same copy+ & foll[+ c be f\nd 9 our own hymn4 ,9 x ! /anza1 ,ibant magi quam vid]ant1 conta9s two l9es :i* h be5 ins]t$ bodily 9 a production ( ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury4 ,x is true t !y are v sugge/ive & beautiful1 b :5 ,s$ulius wrote 8,/ellam sequ5tes praeviam ,lum5 requirunt lum9e10 he wrote :at 0 orig9al ) him1 b :i* 0 %e] !ft 9 ! h&s ( ! au?or ( ,hymnis laudum preconiis1 :o nev]!less takes ! c\plet to grace ! fea/ ( ! ,?ree ,k+s4 ,lat9 hymns are by no means all beautiful or all graceful4 ,! e>li] pieces appe> & reappe>--fragm5ts f ! bett] workman%ip ( ! pa/--?r\gh\t ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,& "h we mu/ leave ,s$ulius4 ,if he 0 inde$ ! companion ( ,hildeb]t1 8 /ory belongs to t fabul\s age ( ! ,briti% ,*ur* :5 bi%ops 7 b simple pa/ors & :5 great purity & tru? prevail$4 ,9 ! ,alphabet ,hymn !re are ref]5ces to ! direct ,scripture n>rative2 to ! 8enclos$ ,john0 :o greets ! ,savi\r2 to ,him f$ ) a little milk1 :o ,himself fe$s ! birds2 to ! great ,%eph]d reveal$ to %eph]ds2 to ,h]od :o seems to fe> a ,k+ :o does n covet e>?ly dignities2 to ! ,magi :o seek _! ,light f ! light2 to ! heal+ ( ! sick & ! rais+ ( ! dead2 to ! wat] t blu%es into w9e1 z p]haps ,cra%aw _h read2 to ,pet] :o fe>s by nature & walks ! wave by fai?2 to ,laz>us 88 own survivor20 to ,judas ! c>nifex :o pr(ess$ peace by 8 kiss :i* 0 n 9 8 s\l2 to ,him :o triumph+ ov] ,t>t>us return$ ( ,himself to heav54 ,su* is ! hymn1 & ^u read+ x "o is n surpris$ t ,=tunatus call$ its au?or ,s$ulius dulcis--! sweet ,s$ulius4 ,nay1 ,rudolph ( ,dun/able goes s f> z to p]petrate a pun1 & decl>es t ,s$ulius s$ul\sly s+s ( ?+s t are old & new4 ,& ! de> man ( ,god1 ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r ( bless$ memory1 :o _h no reli% = ,ambrose's hymns1 call$ our ,iri%man a poeta ,*ri/ianissimus1 & translat$ into 8 massive ,g]man bo? ! hymns ! ,brevi>y _h extract$ f 8 *ief poem4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,v5antius ,,=tunatus ,,! ,,tr\bad\r4 ,v5antius ,honorius ,clem5tianus ,=tunatus 0 a man n satisfi$ ) f\r names4 ,9 je/ or e>ne/ he assum$ ano!r1 ,!odosius4 ,9 po9t ( "t he _h an int]e/+ position2 9 reg>d to resid5ce 8 /ory becomes really valuable2 & :5 we add t he gave to ! ,*ur* sev]al ( h] be/-kn[n hymns1 he appe>s be=e u z a p]son unfamili>1 b highly attractive4 ,if1 z we h reason to ?9k1 he came into ,france 9 #eff or #efg1 at ! age ( ?irty-five or ?irty-six1 we mu/ suppose him to h be5 born ab\t #eca4 ,he 0 an ,italian ( ,treviso1 :i* is n f> nor?we/ ( ,v5ice & nor!a/ ( ,padua4 ,( 8 p>5tage & e>ly education 7except ! fact t he 0 tra9$ at ,rav5na7 we are ignorant2 b he is said to h be5 acqua9t$ ) ,boe?ius1 a ?+ h>d to believe1 = ! philosoph] p]i%$ 9 #ebd4 ,we are left 9 "s d\bt :e!r he _h set =? f ,italy because ! ,lomb>ds 7 ab\t to invade 8 "p ( x1 or :e!r religi\s motives 7 at ! bottom ( ?is 8exile10 z he is v ready to call x4 ,judg+ 8 unkn[n pa/ by 8 bett]-kn[n lat] hi/ory1 he 0 a man ( affable & g5ial "*1 :o c\ld pay = all favors 9 ! small co9 ( panegyric1 & ^: p5 fill$ 8 pocket & procur$ him ! hospitality ( ! ri* & ! great ( ! e>?4 ,we "k he c\ld s+1 = he says s himself2 & he c\ld also turn v]ses s sweet & mell[ t ev5 ! poore/ ( !m 7 le>n$ by 8 admir]s & recit$ aga9 ) mu* delight4 ,n[ x happ5$ t 8 eyes 7 affect$1 & 8 fri5d ,gregory ( ,t\rs s5t him "s ( ! bless$ ,/4 ,m>t9's holy lamp-oil4 ,:5 ?is 0 rubb$ ^u !m--& x 0 d\btless good oil1 & !re=e n an objectionable o9tm5t--he 0 greatly help$4 ,he consequ5tly %[$ 8 gratitude 9 two ways3 by mak+ a pilgrimage to ! bless$ ,/4 ,m>t9's own t[n1 & by writ+ ! bless$ ,/4 ,m>t9's biography4 ,?is la/ he accompli%$ to ! ext5t ( f\r books ( v]se1 employ+1 )\t any app>5t scruple1 ! mu* m classic & elaborate treatise ( ,sulpicius ,sev]us z ! gr\ndwork ( 8 own4 ,x 0 ?is j\rney :i* raises ! "q :e!r he 0 avoid+ ! ,lomb>ds or p]=m+ a pi\s v[ :5 he ent]$ ,france4 ,p]haps 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r ev5ts ( 8 life1 ! religi\s g>m5t cov]$ ! secul> desire4 ,f 8 native c\ntry1 !n1 he made 8 way into ano!r & less cultivat$ region4 ,!re 0 a ,gallo-,roman society at ! "t1 v mu* z !re n[ are gr\ps ( educat$ p]sons 9 ,sib]ia1 or 9 ! seabo>d cities ( ,*9a4 ,a c]ta9 freemasonry ( intellig5ce pass$ a lit]>y man along f ca/le to cloi/] & f cloi/] to c\rt4 ,x 0 a p]iod :5 classic le>n+ 0 at its l[e/ ebb1 & :5 ! ,romance tongues1 l ! second gr[? ( a =e/1 7 ?ickly clu/]+ 9 ^u ! few survivors ( ! anci5t groves ( lit]ature4 ,! six? c5tury 0 remov$ f ! pa/1 b _h n atta9$ to mu* on its own acc\nt4 ,yet we mu/ n ?9k t ?is c5tury 0 b>r5 ( beg9n+s4 ,! ,m]v+ k+s--,clovis1 & ,*ildeb]t1 & ,clotaire ! ,fir/1 & ,*>ib]t--_h n[ giv5 place to ,*ilp]ic on ! ?rone ( ,france4 ,inde$1 "s writ]s are incl9$ to make ?is six? c5tury ! true comm5cem5t ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & x is v c]ta9 t we c see a great deal 9 ! /ory ( ,=tunatus :i* is m$iaeval4 ,moreov]1 ,mohamm$ 0 born 9 #egj1 at ,mecca1 :ile our future bi%op 0 trav]s+ ,gaul4 ,& ne>ly contempor>y ) our au?or's bir?--t is1 9 #ecc--;comes ! ann\ncem5t ( ! supremacy ( ! ,roman bi%op1 :i* culm9at$ 9 #eij 9 ! /rong adm9i/ration ( ,gregory ! ,great4 ,=tunatus liv$1 !re=e1 9 days :5 ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity 0 tak+ %ape1 & :5 ! mo/ aggressive ( false religions 0 spr++ up4 ,we h inde$ said1 9 effect1 t ! ,we/]n ,empire 0 at an end1 & t ! ,mon>*y ( ,france _h begun 9 #dgf4 ,?us1 z he look$ backw>d1 ! ,italian refugee c\ld recall ! successive bl[s ( b>b>ian swords--! swords ( ,al>ic1 & ,g5s]ic1 & ,attila1 & ,odoac]--"u :i* ,rome _h fall54 ,:5 ,albo9 />t$ 8 raid f ,pannonia 9 #efh1 ) ,lomb>ds 7,longob>di7 & ,gepidae & tw5ty ?\s& ,saxons1 x 0 surely en\gh to make a tr\bad\r take refuge at ,t\rs4 ,our mat]ials = ! biography ( ,=tunatus f ?is po9t 9 ! /ory become m available4 ,he kept an it9]>y1 :i* 0 lo/2 b he wrote (t5 to ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 & ?is seems to be ! only correspond5ce :i* he conduct$ 9 a natural & ord9>y mann]4 ,f x we le>n t he cross$ ! m\nta9s 9 a 8sn[y ,july10 & _h writt5 ei!r 8on horseback or half asleep40 ,he pass$ "s "t at ,metz & ,rheims4 ,8 days & nights 7 sp5t 9 travell+ & fea/+ & 9 prep>+ songs & odes1 to ! con/]nation ( 8 mod]n biograph]1 ,lu*i1 :o does n f9d mu* evid5ce ( piety 9 ^! proce$+s4 ,=tunatus is 8 own expon5t1 & 8 language1 lit]ally translat$1 gives u a vivid picture ( ! way 9 :i* he made fri5ds ) ev]ybody4 8,travell+ among ! b>b>ians0 7he writes to ,gregory71 8on a long j\rney1 ei!r we>y ( ! way or drunk b5ea? ! icy *ill1 at ! exhortation ( ! muse 7,i "k n :e!r m cold or sob]71 a new ,orpheus ,i gave voices to ! wood1 & ! wood repli$40 ,! s5t5ce illu/rates n m]ely 8 exp]i5ce b also 8 /yle ( composition1 :i* is turgid & frequ5tly obscure4 ,8 panegyrics1 = example1 ab\nd 9 ! mo/ fulsome flatt]y1 array$ bomba/ically 9 a /r+ ( n\ns1 v]bs1 & adjectives half a page long4 ,! real idea walks )9 mu* ( 8 ,lat91 l a pigmy 9 a great c\rt tra91 ridicul\sly small & ridicul\sly pret5ti\s4 ,sometimes ^! same expressions ( our poet betok5 a convivial famili>ity ) 8 fri5d ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 :i* is n precisely canonical4 ,_m po/-classical words appe>1 & phrases :i* no gramm>ian w\ld easily ju/ify4 ,! man is full ( sly h9ts ( good eat+ & dr9k+1 & has a high-fl[n /yle ( complim5t1 z :5 he writes to ,lupus1 8,z (t5 z ,i put toge!r ! p>ts ( y\r disc\rse1 ,i ?\ght t ,i recl9$ ^u ambrosial roses40 ,to ,sigismund & ,aregesles1 two bro!rs1 he decl>es t1 8,?is sweet lett] reveals to me ! names ( fri5ds4 ,"h is ! brilliant ,sigismund1 & "h is ! mode/ ,aregesles4 ,aft] ,italy1 ,o ,rh9e1 ?\ give/ me p>5ts1 & by ! com+ ( ^! bro!rs ,i %all be no long] a /rang]40 ,9 fact1 he pick$ up 8bro!rs0 & 8p>5ts0 ) *>m+ facility1 & _h a dext]ity 9 draw+ a corn] ( ! mantle ( royal favor ov] him :i* any c\rti] might covet4 ,?us he w5t--we _c well detect 9 :at ord] or by :at me?od1 b pretty conclusively z a tr\bad\r might h done--all ?r\gh ,france4 ,l ,*amisso1 he propos$ to 8,take 8 h>p 9 8 h& ,& w&] ! wide _w ov]1 ,s++ f l& to l&40 ,) ,sigeb]t1 ,k+ ( ,au/rasia1 he contract$ q a fri5d%ip1 & be+ at ,poiti]s :5 ,gelesu9?a 0 put to dea?1 he lam5t$ h] 9 v]ses :i* pleas$ ,sigeb]t1 h] bro!r-9-law & av5g]1 greatly4 ,he also became well acqua9t$ ) ,euphronius ( ,t\rs1 nephew ( ,/4 ,gregory1 ! bi%op1 & ?us laid a good f\ndation = ecclesia/ical pref]m5t4 ,b x 0 to ,poiti]s t he gradually drift$1 & !re circum/ances fix$ him = ! mo/ ( 8 life4 ,we may safely conclude t ,t\rs1 :i* is n a great di/ance (f1 fir/ attract$ 8 w&]+ feet4 ,he _h a duty to ! bless$ ,/4 ,m>t9's holy lamp & to ! bless$ ,/4 ,m>t9's holy memory1 & ^! dev\t proce$+s 7 m ?an suffici5t to comm5d him to a hospitable bi%op4 ,contempor>y acc\nts ( him are lack+1 if we except ! brief notice ( ,paul ! ,deacon1 :i* _c prop]ly be call$ contempor>y1 z x is 9 8 hi/ory ( ! ,lomb>ds1 :i* 0 prep>$ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,b ,=tunatus aga9 comes to our rescue ) q a goodly supply ( v]ses & ) "s epi/les :i* %[ t ! life ( t p]iod 0 a curi\s resultant betwe5 ! ,roman & b>b>ian ideas4 ,x ought 9 hone/y to be add$ t ,brunehilda 0 no sa9t1 & t ! c\rt ( ! ,m]ov+ians 0 s b>b>ic t x /ood by & saw h] torn to dea?1 at eighty1 at ! heels ( a wild horse2 & ?is 0 lat] ev5 ?an ,=tunatus's day4 ,by ?is "t ,treviso 7,trevisium7 _h be5 regul>ly attack$ by ! ,lomb>ds1 & ! pilgrimage1 :i* _h *ang$ to a pleasure-trip1 *ang$ aga9 to a resid5ce4 ,he speaks ( himself lat] z hav+ be5 8= n9e ye>s an exile f ,italy10 & 8 only ref]5ce to 8 family t is discov]able is :5 he tells ! ,abbess ,agnes t %e is z de> to him z 8 own si/] ,titiana4 ,he is a poet driv5 l a leaf be=e ! /orm1 & he is :irl$ fir/ into ,t\rs & !n into ! safe eddy ( ,poiti]s1 :i* he celebrates rev]5tly 9 song z ! home ( ! great ,hil>y4 ,8 royal fri5d%ips are made app>5t by epi?alamia--especially t on ! m>riage ( ,sigeb]t & ,brunehilda--& by v>i\s odes4 ,b n[ comes ! real romance ( our poet's life4 ,clotaire ! ,fir/ _h m>ri$ a fair woman nam$ ,radegunda1 ^: piety gave him n a little tr\ble4 ,%e 0 det]m9$ to keep all h] vigils & fa/s & to ex]t h]self 9 works ( *>ity1 ev5 to ! scrubb+ ( ! base ( ! alt> ) h] own h&s4 ,x 0 "o ( h] greate/ pleasures to take lepr\s wom5 9 h] arms & kiss !m1 & :5 "o ( ! lep]s said to h]1 8,:o w kiss y aft] y embrace u80 %e 8answ]$ b5evol5tly1 t if o!rs w n kiss me1 x is truly no affair ( m9e40 ,x w\ld be b5ea? ! dignity ( ?is n>rative1 if x 7 n a portion ( h] own life 9 ! ,lat91 = u to record ! incid5t :i* help$ to cause h] sep>ation f h] husb&4 ,%e _h aris5 at night & came back ?or\ghly *ill$1 & ) h] feet prop]ly cold4 ,clotaire gr[l$ out t he w\ld soon] h a nun = a wife 7jugalem mona*am7 ?an su* a que54 ,s %e took him at 8 ^w1 f\nd$ a conv5t at ,poiti]s1 & di/+ui%$ h]self to lat] g5]ations by _m noble works4 ,ov] ?is conv5t %e plac$ h] maid ,agnes1 & s]v$ h] =m] s]vant ) pr(\nd humility & ob$i5ce1 albeit %e mu/ always h be5 h]self ! rul+ _s ( ! place4 ,) ,=tunatus %e =m$ a close fri5d%ip4 ,& z ?is is ! beg9n+ ( ! conv5tual & ecclesia/ical side ( 8 c>e]1 we may z well br+ ! /ory up to its p>allel po9t 9 curr5t hi/ory4 ,gregory1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,t\rs & hi/orian ( ,france1 always addresses 8 fri5d ,=tunatus z presbyt] ,italicus4 ,t ,=tunatus embrac$ ! mona/ic life at ,aquileia 7ab\t #eeh-ei7 has be5 ma9ta9$1 & ! op9ion is also fairly def5d$ t he 0 enroll$ z a 8cl]ic0 at ,poiti]s1 al?\gh he 0 novus1 or a 8new-com]10 !re4 ,he _h evid5tly "s quasi ecclesia/ical connection1 & ^? 7 days :5 ! celibacy ( ! cl]gy 0 mu* moot$1 b :5 ! w&]+ monks _h n yet be5 held to ! /r+5cies ( ! mona/ic ord]s4 ,if we ask ,=tunatus :y he rema9$ 9 ,gaul1 he replies t ,radegunda reta9$ him !re 8by h] pray]s & v[s40 ,x is conjectural t he 0 fir/ *apla9 to ! conv5t1 & x is c]ta9 t !n he 0 elevat$ to ! rank ( ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s4 ,to ?is daught] ( ,b]?>1 ,k+ ( ! ,?ur+i1 our tr\bad\r n[ paid 8 devoirs4 ,(t5 at 8! convivial banquets ( ! b>b>ians0 he _h 8p\r$ =? 8 v]ses40 ,he 0 n[ to become ! devot$ cavali] ( a que5 & an abbess1 & to furni% lit]ature ) "s v unique specim5s ( religio-amatory v]se4 ,! life ( ,radegunda1 writt5 by ,=tunatus & amplifi$ by ! nun ,b&onivia1 furni%es _m int]e/+ facts ab\t ?is holy woman4 ,%e took h] f9al resolution to sep>ate f h] husb& aft] he _h unju/ly put h] bro!r to dea?4 ,on ?is %e w5t to ,/4 ,m$>d & decl>$ h] int5tion ( celibacy1 & !nce to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 at ,t\rs1 :]e %e made h] =mal v[s4 ,f ?is %e retir$ to h] villa call$ ,su$as1 ne> ,poiti]s1 :i* %e turn$ into a conv5t4 ,?i!r 9 #efi ! ,emp]or ,ju/9us 7,ju/9 ,,ii47 s5t ri* pres5ts1 "o be+ a portion ( ! true cross4 ,?is inspir$ ,=tunatus ) a new song1 & he broke out 9 ! ,vexilla ,regis1 :i* is surely "o ( ! mo/ /irr+ /ra9s 9 our hymnology4 ,! foll[+ v]sion expresses lit]ally & )\t modification ! ideas set =? 9 ! ,lat93 8,,vexilla ,,regis ,,prodeunt40 ,! royal bann]s =w>d fly2 ,! cross ^u !m *e]s ! sky2 ,t cross :]eon our ,mak] hung1 ,9 human =m1 by angui% wrung4 ,= he 0 w\nd$ bitt]ly ,by t dread spe>-?ru/ on ! tree1 ,& !re1 to set u free f guilt1 ,8 v life 9 blood he spilt4 ,accompli%$ n[ is :at 0 told ,by ,david 9 8 psalm ( old1 ,:o sai?1#e 8,! hea!n _w %all see ,god z _! ,k+ ^u ! tree40 ,o tree1 r5[n$ & %9+ high1 ,?y crimson is a royal dye6 ,elect f su* a wor?y root ,to be> ^? holy limbs1 ?y fruit4 ,blessd ^u ^: bran*es !n ,hung ! great gift ( ,god to m52 ,^: price1 ( human life & brea?1 ,r$eem$ u f ! ?rall ( dea?4 ,?y b>k exhales a p]fume sweet ,) :i* no nect> may compete2 ,&1 joyful 9 ?9e ample fruit1 ,a noble triumph cr[ns ?y root4 ,hail1 alt>6 & ?\1 ,victim1 hail6 ,?y glori\s passion %all n fail2 ,:]eby our life no dea? might lack1 ,& life f dea? be r5d]$ back4 ,o ,cross1 our only hope1 all hail6 ,9 ?is ! "t :5 woes assail1 ,to all ! pi\s grant ?y grace1 ,& all ! s9n]s' s9s efface6 ,at ?is "t ,=tunatus also compos$ a long poem ( ?anks to ,ju/9 & ,sophia = gifts s5t to himself1 by :i* x w\ld appe> t he 0 tol]ably well id5tifi$ ) ! int]e/s ( ,radegunda & h] conv5t4 ,f ?is date onw>d 8 fri5d%ip ) ,agnes & ,radegunda expos$ bo? him & !m to v consid]able comm5t4 ,he ev5 ref]s to x 9 "o ( 8 poems1 address$ to ! abbess1 9 :i* he prote/s ! purity ( 8 conduct4 ,b x is n h>d to see h[ 8 expressions might be misund]/ood4 ,!y are frequ5tly f]vid beyond ! c\rtesies ( complim5t1 & !y rem9d u all ! :ile ( ^? s+]s ( ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies :o beg9 ) ,william1 ,c\nt ( ?is v city ( ,poiti]s 7#ajga-aabg71 & :o h made ! "n ( 8tr\bad\r0 synonym\s ) ! praise ( love & beauty4 ,=tunatus calls on ,*ri/1 & ,pet]1 & ,paul1 & ,m>y to witness ! entire propriety ( 8 love = ,agnes & ,radegunda1 b he foll[s x ) l9es :i* ,b]tr& de ,born or ,ala9 ,*>ti] might h compos$4 ,really !re is a great deal ( ?is exub]ant poetry 9 ! wor?y *apla94 ,he wrote e sort ( odd acro/ic on ! holy cross1 rem9d+ u 9 m ways ?an "o ( ,damasus1 or ( ! lat] cavali] poets ( ,engl&4 ,he tells ,radegunda1 :o seems 8 pr9cipal />1 t ev]y?+ is alike :5 he does n see h]2 t al?\gh ! sky is cl\dless1 yet1 if %e is abs5t1 8! day /&s )\t a sun40 ,he excuses himself 9 o!r v]ses = s5d+ h] violets in/ead ( lilies & roses4 ,any incid5t 9 :i* ,radegunda plays a "p is en\gh to turn ! poetic /ream ^u ! mill-:eel ( 8 v]se4 ,if !re are fl[]s on ! alt>2 if !re are fl[]s s5t by h] to himself2 if %e has retir$ f ! _w to p]=m h] v[s2 if %e has return$ aga9 to ! public gaze1 & especially if he has be5 at a little d9n] or has receiv$ "s agreeable little di%es--!n ! b>d /r+s 8 h>p6 ,x is q amus+ to read "s ( ^! effusions4 ,he advises ,radegunda1 z ,paul did ,timo?y1 to dr9k w9e on occasion4 ,& :5 ! que5 & ! abbess conspire to make 8 life pleasant he has pl5ty ( metrical gratitude to (f]4 ,!y s5d him butt] 7butyr7 9 a lordly di%2 !y furni% *e/nuts 9 baskets wov5 by _! own h&s2 !y provide milk1 & prunelles1 & olives1 & eggs4 ,= all ^! he r5d]s ?anks 9 k9d4 ,nev] 7 eggs & butt] sung 9 a l(ti] /ra96 ,b sometimes ! poet desc5ds a trifle f 8 elevat$ phrases4 ,he says pa!tically 9 "o ( ^! effusions t !y s5t him 8v>i\s delicacies = 8 full /oma*0 7tumido v5tre71 & t he got asleep aft] x & fail$ to furni% ! appropriate v]ses4 ,he lam5ts ?is 9 prop] metre1 decl>+ t he _h op5$ 8 m\? & %ut 8 eyes 7! old gorm&iz]67 & _h eat5 on1 reg>dless ( 8 duty4 ,& = ?is he craves =giv5ess f 8 beata domnia x ought to be dom9a filia--8 bless$ que5-daught]4 ,b be good en\gh to obs]ve t 8 own gifts 9 return are v small1 & t he is always apologiz+ & hop+ t !y may n be reject$4 ,truly ?is 0 su* a man z ,sir ,walt] ,scott has sung1 = 8,! be/ ( good *e] & ! seat by ! fire ,0 ! und5i$ "r ( ! b>efoot$ fri>40 ,only x may be safely que/ion$ :e!r our ,=tunatus 0 any m ( an ascetic ?an ,damasus himself4 ,"o almo/ wi%es = an hi/orical picture--& x %\ld be a good !me1 by ! way--9 :i* ,=tunatus & 8 two fri5ds appe>4 ,x %\ld be t celebrat$ fea/ :i* he describes ,j4 ,p4 ,migne3 ,patrologia2 ,op]a ,=tunati1 ,lib4 xi41 cap4 ii41 :]e ,agnes _h adorn$ ! tables & ! ap>tm5t ) 8e species ( blossom+ plant20 :]e ! ri* w9es1 & ! g5]\s f>e1 & ! cry/al1 & ! gold1 & ! fl[]s %\ld bright5 ! f9e hall ( ! *ateau2 & :]e1 p]haps1 ! ecclesia/ic %\ld take 8 small h>p & /rike its /r+s ) a delicate h&1 :ile ! fair face ( ,agnes & ! d>k] beauty ( ,radegunda %\ld inspire 8 song4 ,"o traces to ?is mell[ und]curr5t ( human life ! sw+ ( 8 be/ lyrics--! ,pange l+ua gloriosi praelium c]tam9is & ^? hymns to ! ,virg9 ( :i* he 0 ! e>lie/ promot]4 ,no ene c d\bt ! influ5ce ( ^! wom5 ^u ! ,ave m>is /ella or ! ,quem t]ra pontus ae!ra4 ,say :at we please ab\t 8 piety1 he has writt5 :at w live ) ! be/4 ,& to comp>e him to ! melan*oly ,c[p]1 z ,mrs4 ,*>les has done1 c only be *>act]iz$ z a mo/ amus+ misconception4 ,we "k no?+ ( him z bi%op fur!r ?an ! fact t ! (fice became vacant 9 #eii1 & he 0 an available z well z di/+ui%$ c&idate4 ,surviv+ ,radegunda1 :o pass$ away 9 #ehg1 he di$ ab\t #fji1 full ( ye>s & honors--! la/ ( ! classics & ! fir/ ( ! tr\bad\rs2 ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ,prud5tius & ! ,middle ,ages2 ! biograph] ( "s ( ! sa9ts & ! int]e/$ collector ( _m leg5ds ( _! miracles2 &1 f9ally1 ! fir/ ( ,*ri/ian poets to beg9 t wor%ip ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y :i* rose to a passion & sank to an idolatry4 ,v5antius ,=tunatus 0 nei!r a bad man nor1 9 ! highe/ s5se1 a holy man4 ,b he 0 a poet 9 spite ( 8 b>b>ic ,lat91 & a writ] ( hymns :i* live to-day1 long aft] ! p>ticul>s ( 8 c>e] are =gott54 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,gregorius ,,magnus #edj-fjd4 ,! mat]ials :i* are at h& = ! life ( ,gregory ! ,great are1 if any?+1 too num]\s4 ,9 _! orig9al =m !y include all t ,paul ! ,deacon 7quot$ by ! ,v5]able ,b$e7 & ,john ! ,deacon 7quot$ by ev]ybody7 h *os5 to relate4 ,& ^! h be5 s anxi\s to d entire ju/ice to ! great ,pope t !y fill _! pages ) miracles1 wond]s1 & signs1 z well z ) ! au!ntic facts ( hi/ory4 ,b ,gregory c>v$ = himself su* a ni*e 9 ! temple ( fame t we are n likely to g v f> a/ray 9 se>*+ = ! prop] e/imate ( 8 "w4 ,x may be safely assum$ t f ?is pontificate dates ! supremacy ( ! ,roman see4 ,x 0 ,gregory ^: mission>y _s op5$ ! doors ( ,brita9 to ! tru?4 ,x 0 he :o1 )\t ass]t+ any sup]ior claim1 oppos$ successfully ! encroa*m5ts ( ! ,greek patri>*s4 ,& x 0 aga9 he :o gave to ! ,*ur* h] sacr$ melodies4 ,he 0 born1 says ,paul ! ,deacon1 9 ! city ( ,rome1 ( a fa!r nam$ ,gordianus & a "m nam$ ,sylvia4 ,^! p 7 ( ! ,anician family & 7 also ( di/+ui%$ religi\s desc5t4 ,felix--f\r? ( ! "n & ,pope "u ! title ( ,felix ,,iii4--0 8 atavus1 or great-great-great-gr&fa!r4 ,! v "n ,gregorius our wor?y deacon decl>es to be ! ,greek equival5t ( ! ^w 8,wat*ful40 ,! *ild ( su* a h\se w\ld be well nurtur$ 9 all ! le>n+ ( ! "t4 ,h5ce1 he 0 tra9$ 9 gramm>1 rhetoric1 & dialectics--! anci5t trivium or complete c\rse ( lib]al education4 ,naturally1 too1 he became an excell5t s*ol>4 ,& :5 he grew up he 0 call$ to an important po/ 9 ,roman civil affairs4 ,he became praetor ( ! city--a city :i* 0 subject to ,byzantium & expos$ to incursions ( v>i\s b>b>ian invad]s4 ,! ,lomb>ds1 inde$1 attack$ x dur+ 8 praetor%ip4 ,at ?is p]iod ( 8 life 8 love = display 0 z rem>kable z 8 subsequ5t simplicity4 ,he delight$ 9 ri* attire & surr\nd$ himself ) ! pomp & circum/ance ( 8 position4 ,a ri* man & a ri* man's son1 he 0 ?or\ghly 9 sympa?y ) pass+ affairs1 & z ,rome bloom$ ! m vigor\sly above h] own decay1 he 0 himself "o ( ^? 8fl[]s ( evil0 ^: gaudy hues bright5$ ! sc5e4 ,b at ! same "t he became accu/om$ to ! managem5t ( l>ge affairs1 & 8 adm9i/ration secur$ to him ! good w ( 8 associates & subord9ates4 ,x c (t5 be notic$ t ^! e>ly ,fa!rs came to _! p[] 9 ! ,*ur* aft] hav+ be5 /rictly & c>efully tra9$ 9 ! _w4 ,hil>y & ,ambrose 7 z conspicu\s examples ( ?is =eord9ation z 0 ,gregory ! ,great4 ,n long previ\s to ?is "t--= x _h be5 ab\t ! ye> ( ,gregory's bir?--,b5$ict _h re=m$ ! mona/ic ord]4 ,8 "w1 to put x briefly1 consi/$ 9 gu>d+ ! entrance to mona/icism & 9 regulat+ ! h\rs1 habits1 & cu/oms ( ^? celibates :o pr(ess$ su* a vocation = ! religi\s life4 ,f 8 wise & sy/ematic arrangem5ts1 :i* h be5 b little improv$ ^u ?\gh (t5 re9=c$ by 8re=mations10 mona/icism d]iv$ t adaptation to ! active & practical life ( ! ,we/1 :i* x _h lack$ 9 ! prec$+ c5turies4 ,inde$1 he s f> react$ aga9/ ! contemplative idl5ess ( ! ,ea/1 z to aim r at an indu/rial ?an a le>n$ ord]4 ,b 8 successors correct$ ?is defect1 & gave ! ord] ! lit]>y & educational "* :i* has be5 its greate/ claim to ! gratitude ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,?us x came to be t ! ,b5$ict9e ,fa!rs became ! ord] ( s*ol>s1 ! editors ( ! ,fa!rs1 ( ! ,acta ,sanctorum1 & ( ! ,hi/oire ,litt]aire de ,france4 ,! p]man5t rev5ues1 ! fixity & quiet ( ^! mona/ic lives1 ! sl[ coral-build+ ( ^! unkn[n work]s1 h result$ 9 ga!r+ = u all t ! m$iaeval hi/orian c desire ^u ! religi\s side4 ,& x is "h t1 delv+ amid ! du/ ( ^! m\nta9\s masses ( lit]ature1 ! /ud5t ( ,lat9 hymnology w f9d 8 r>e/ delight4 ,= ^! acute s*ol>s h lit]ally pick$ up & pr9t$1 yea1 & :at is m to ! purpose1 !y h index$ & classifi$--:atev] he c wi% 9 ! way ( productions 9 prose & v]se by any kn[n au?or4 ,! old ,,mss4 are /ra9$ ?r\gh into readable type4 ,_! cont5ts are sort$ & sift$4 ,& he :o pores ov] ^! pages w rise f !m at l5g? ) a pr(\nd conviction t ! s*ol>%ip ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,b5$ict9e ,ord]1 des]ves well f ! _w ( lett]s & m]its ! admiration ( ! ,*ur* ,univ]sal4 ,into su* an ord] z ?is--an ord] ( :i* he 0 to be "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s lights--a div9e impulse 0 press+ ,gregory4 ,he grew m closely atta*$ to ! ,b5$ict9es ( ,monte ,cass9o4 ,8 religi\s relatives enc\rag$ 8 evid5t zeal4 ,& ?us aft] vibrat+ l a bee betwe5 ! odor\s rose & ! honey-giv+ clov]1 he settl$ ^u ! humbl] & sweet] fl[] & let ! _w g by4 ,! ,arian ,lomb>ds _h encamp$ ^u t region :i* we aft] _! "n n[ call ,lomb>dy4 ,! ,roman bi%ops 7 already ! prop ( ! hea!n /ate aga9/ ! semi-,*ri/ian invad]s2 b ) ,lomb>ds1 & ^? ^: religion 0 only a fiction1 _! influ5ce 0 deplorably slight4 ,yet z ,*ri/ianity increas$1 accord+ to ,george ,h]b]t's simile1 8,l to ^? trees :om %ak+ fa/5s m10 ! ,*ur* became d\bly influ5tial ?r\gh ! skill ( ,gregory4 ,he felt religion to be ! s\rce ( ! true/ /r5g? & ?us he turn$ 8 weal? & 8 life into its treasury4 ,9 ! ye> #ege he took 8 great rev5ues & end[$ six new mona/]ies 9 ,sicily4 ,!n he e/abli%$ a sev5?1 devot+ x to ! honor ( ,/4 ,&rew2 & ?is 0 at ,rome1 9 8 own palace on ! ,coelian hill4 ,! populace :o _h se5 him 9 silk & jewels n[ beheld him1 a poor monk ( ! ,b5$ict9e ,ord]1 s]v+ ! begg>s at ! gate4 ,9 humility ( demeanor & 9 simplicity ( food he became a model to 8 fell[-monks4 ,he att5d$ ! sick 9 8 new hospital4 ,he ate only ! dri$ corn1 or pulse1 :i* 8 "m s5t to him already moi/5$ 9 a silv] b[l4 ,?is b[l or porr+] 0 ! only relic ( 8 dep>t$ spl5dor1 & we are told t he did n keep ev5 ?is1 b gave x at la/ to a %ipwreck$ sailor = :om he _h no money1 & :o begg$ importunately f him :5 he 0 writ+ 9 8 cell4 ,! int5sity ( 8 devotion l$ him into great au/]ities ( fa/+ & pray] & /udy ( ! ,scriptures4 ,he outdid ! o!rs 9 8 ab/95ce f food & end$ by ru9+ 8 heal?1 s t he ent]$ ! papacy ) a brok5 con/itution4 ,:5 he mo/ ne$$ ! support ( a vigor\s body x 0 !re=e d5i$ to him4 ,! hi/ory ( 8 gradual elevation is sugge/ive4 ,pope ,b5$ict ,i4 made him "o ( ! sev5 c>d9al deacons1 & gave him *>ge ( "o ( ! sev5 pr9cipal divisions ( ! city4 ,pelagius ,,ii4 *ose him to head an embassy to ,con/ant9ople 9 #egh to congratulate ,tib]ius on 8 accession to ! ?rone4 ,= six ye>s he rema9$ abroad on ?is & simil> s]vice1 & return$ to ,rome to be elect$ abbot ( ,/4 ,&rew's mona/]y4 ,"h he 0 p]fectly happy4 ,9 8 ,dialogues he speaks ( ! s]5e life & dea? ( sev]al ( 8 bre?r51 & 8 late/ biograph] 7,rev4 ,j4 ,b>mby7 is nev] tir$ ( relat+ h[ ! great ,pope p]petually look$ back ) regretful love to ^? quiet & happy days ( peace ) ,god & man4 ,x 0 !n t ! fam\s incid5t occurr$ :i* has made hi/oric 8 mission>y zeal1 & has h&$ d[n ?ree ,lat9 puns z a pro( t a man c be witty z well z e>ne/4 ,! slave m>ket at ,rome _h receiv$ "s new captives--alas6 :5 0 x n ! sc5e ( fre% wret*$ness 9 ^? awful times8 ,b ^! 7 ( rem>kable beauty & fairness ( sk91 & ,john ! ,deacon %all tell u ( !m 9 8 own words3#f 8,p]ceiv+ among ! re/ c]ta9 boys = sale1 :ite ( body1 fair 9 =m1 & h&some 9 face1 di/+ui%$ moreov] by ! brightness 7nitore7 ( _! hair1 he ask$ ! m]*ant f :at c\ntry he _h br\ght !m4 ,he answ]$1 #8,f ! isl& ( ,brita91 ^: inhabitants all display a simil> beauty 7c&ore7 ( face4' ,gregory said1 #8,are ^? isl&]s ,*ri/ians or d !y yet hold to _! pagan errors8' ,! m]*ant repli$1 #8,!y are n ,*ri/ians1 b are entangl$ 9 _! pagan delusions' 7laqueis74 ,!n ,gregory1 groan+ deeply1 said1 #8,alas6 = %ame6 t ! pr9ce ( d>kness %\ld own ^? spl5did faces2 & t su* glori\s =eheads 7tantaque frontis species7 %\ld express a m9d vacant ( ! inw>d grace ( ,god6' ,!n he ask$ ! "n ( _! tribe4 ,! m]*ant respond$1 #8,!y are call$ ,angli4' ,!n he said1 #8,!y are well call$ ,angli1 z ?\gh !y 7 angels 7angeli7 = !y h angelic faces2 & su* z ^! %\ld be fell[-citiz5s ( ! angels 9 heav54' ,aga91 !re=e1 he inquir$ :at 0 ! "n ( _! prov9ce4 ,! m]*ant told him #8,^? prov9cials are call$ ,deiri4' ,!n ,gregory said1 #8,!y are well call$ ,deiri1 = !y mu/ be snat*$ f wra? 7de ira7 & ga!r$ to ! grace ( ,*ri/4 ,! k+ ( t prov9ce1' he cont9u$1 #8h[ is he nam$8' ,! m]*ant repli$1 #8,he is call$ ,aelle4' ,& ,gregory1 allud+ to ! "n1 said1 #8,x is well t ! k+ is call$ ,aelle4 ,= ,alleluia 9 praise ( ! ,creator mu/ be sung 9 ^? p>ts4'0 ,su* 0 ! comm5cem5t ( t ,*ri/ianiz+ process :i* ev5tually br\ght ,anglo-,saxon monks to ,rome = education--n t ,rome 0 ! *ief s\rce & c5tre f :i* ! "w ( ,*ri/ianiz+ ! ,engli% 0 effect$4 ,t /rangely organiz$ ,*ur*1 :i* ,patrick _h e/abli%$ 9 ,irel& & ,columcille 7,columba7 _h propagat$ to ,celtic ,scotl&1 0 ! mission>y ,*ur* ( t age4 ,its zeal c>ri$ ! fai? to ,sc&9avia 9 ! p]son ( its royal conv]ts1 ! two ,olafs1 besides ,*ri/ianiz+ ! ,norsem5 ( ,irel& & ! less] isl&s4 ,its mission>ies p\r$ s\?w>d across ! l9es t sund]$ ,saxon f ,celt1 & co-op]at$ mightily ) ! m languid ef=ts ( ! ,k5ti% ,*ur* e/abli%$ by ,augu/9e4 ,& up to ! ,synod ( ,:itby 9 #ffd1 ,patrick r ?an ,pet] 0 ! sa9t :o /ood ! highe/ 9 ! e/eem ( ,engli% ,*ri/ians4 ,yet x w\ld be unfair to rob ,gregory & ,augu/9e ( ! honor ( hav+ begun ! "w1 & begun x on a high] & m p]man5t level ?an 0 possible to ! ,iri% ,*ur*4 ,aft] all1 ,rome /ood = a wid] conception ( ,*ur* & social ord] & a broad] ,*ri/ian culture4 ,x is to h] victory t we owe ,b$e & ! great ,*ur*m51 :o adapt$ ! le>n+ & lore ( ! ,lat9 _w to ! ne$s ( ,engli% ,*ri/5dom4 ,& s 9 ,augu/9e's mission we may see ! apo/olic succession1 9 a broad] s5se ( ! ^w ?an ! te*nical1 c>ri$ to ,engl&1 to be transmitt$ 9 turn to ,am]ica4 ,engl& ackn[l$g$ ! gift 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! tax call$ 8,pet]'s ,p5ce0 = ! c>e & support ( pilgrims to ,rome1 & ! support ( cl]ics1 :o w5t to /udy 9 ! ,saxon s*ool e/abli%$ 9 ,rome4 ,to ?is we may trace1 p]haps1 ! spread ( hymn-writ+ f ,rome to ,engl&1 ^: results are ga!r$ into ! ,missals & ,brevi>ies ( ,s>um1 ,york1 & ,h]e=d1 & t elaborate compilation1 8,! ,hymns ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ur*10 :i* ,rev4 ,j4 ,/ev5son edit$ = ! ,surtees ,society4 ,! mission ( ,augu/9e l$ to f>-rea*+ consequ5ces4 ,"o 0 t ! high] classes ( ,great ,brita9 turn$ t[>d ,rome z ! c5tre ( ! _w1 & "o ( ! remot] consequ5ces ( ?is mission>y exp$ition 0 ! recognition ( ! papal supremacy4 ,b 9 8 highe/ flight ( au?ority ,gregory ! ,fir/ nev] assum$ nor felt ! consci\sness ( p[] :i* caus$ ,gregory ! ,second to write to ,leo1 ! ,isaurian3 8,all ! l&s ( ! ,we/ h _! eyes direct$ ^u our humility2 by !m we are consid]$ z a ,god ^u e>?40 ,no1 nor did he press 8 claims z did 8 o!r successor1 ,gregory ,,vii41 "s times kn[n z ,hildebr&4 ,inde$1 ,gregory ,i4 9 8 desire to save ^! beautiful captives (f]$ himself to ,pope ,pelagius z a mission>y1 & ev5 obta9$ 8 cons5t to ! exp$ition4 ,b we are in=m$ t ! p surr\nd$ ! pontiff on 8 way to ,/4 ,pet]'s & begg$ him to recall _! favorite4 ,s t ,gregory _h gone b ?ree days' j\rney be=e he 0 ov]tak5 & br\ght back1 almo/ =cibly1 to 8 mona/ic home4 ,! s*eme ( sav+ ,brita9 0 ?us def]r$ b n giv5 up2 & :5 ! c>d9al-deacon became ,pope x 0 aga9 reviv$1 & ) success4 ,9 ! ye> #eij ,pelagius ,,ii4 di$ ( ! plague4 ,8 *air 0 no soon] empty ?an ,gregory 0 se5 to be ! *oice ( ev]yone--s5ate & p & cl]gy4 ,he 0 accord+ly elect$1 & !n--= su* 0 ! feel+ 9 ^? days--he resi/$ ! honor ) all 8 might4 ,l ,ambrose he fl$ f ! city2 he disguis$ himself2 he ev5 w&]$ 9 ! woods4 ,b x 0 "o ( ! old pr9ciples t ! m ! elect refus$ ! m _! call+ & election 7 to be made sure to !m4 ,& !re=e1 he 0 f\nd at la/1 aft] a ?or\gh se>*1 & 0 l$1 lit]ally 9 te>s1 back to ,rome4 ,he _h begg$ ! ,emp]or ,maurice n to confirm ?is appo9tm5t1 b x 0 to no effect t he plead$ = release4 ,8 quiet1 peaceful days 7 ov]1 & he 0 plac$ at ! helm ( ! %ip ( ! ,*ur* to /e] h]1 & ! commonweal? :i* 0 h] freight1 ?r\gh floods ( b>b>ians & into saf] seas4 ,i am us+ 8 own figure3 8,i am s beat5 by ! waves ( ?is _w10 he wrote1 to 8 fri5d ,le&]1 8t ,i despair ( be+ able to guide to port ?is rott5 old vessel ) :i* ,god has *>g$ me4 ,i weep :5 ,i recall ! peaceful %ore :i* ,i h left & sigh 9 p]ceiv+ af> :at ,i _c n[ atta940 ,he took 8 seat 9 ! mid/ ( ! plague4 ,eighty p]sons 9 ! processions :i* he organiz$ at sev5 po9ts 9 ! city to pray at ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia-,maggiore = its cessation1 di$ ( ! disease dur+ _! v progress4 ,ea* procession met ! o!rs at ?is *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y4 ,"o consi/$ ( secul> cl]gy2 ano!r ( abbots & monks2 a ?ird ( abbesses & nuns2 a f\r? ( *ildr52 a fif? ( laym52 a six? ( wid[s1 & a sev5? ( matrons4 ,& ?us arose ! /ory ab\t ! angel :om ,gregory believ$ t he saw above ! summit ( ! ,mole ( ,hadrian1 & :o !re /ood & %ea!d 8 sword4 ,?is leg5d gave to t /ructure ! "n ( ! ,ca/ello di ,san ,angelo1 ! ,ca/le ( ! ,holy ,angel4 ,! ,lomb>ds 7 ,gregory's fir/ c>e4 ,he correspond$ ) ,!odol9da1 _! que51 & %e became 8 con/ant fri5d & 8 advocate ) ! k+4 ,he f9ally obta9$ f ,k+ ,agilulf 7h] second husb&7 a special truce = ,rome & its neighbor+ t]ritory--a mo/ delightful relief f ! t]rors ( ! la/ ?irty ye>s4 ,moreov]1 he direct$ 8 att5tion--z ,hormisdas _h done be=e him--to ! /ruggle :i* 0 nev] at re/ betwe5 ! ,greek & ,roman *ur*es4 ,! ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople 0 det]m9$ to ass]t 8 own sup]ior claims to ! v5]ation ( ! fai?ful4 ,hormisdas _h av[$--b nev] v9dicat$--! supremacy ( ! ,pope4 ,b 8 title ( ,papa 0 ! result ( m]e adulation & nev] ( g5]al cons5t4 ,& ! patri>* happ5$ to be at ?is "t ! /rong-will$ ,john ! ,fa/]--an au/]e & pugnaci\s man4 ,x 0 natural !re=e t he %\ld claim ! title ( ,univ]sal ,bi%op1 & x 0 equally natural t ,gregory1 )\t dem&+ any?+ especial = himself1 %\ld resi/ ,john4 ,9 ?is controv]sy--& 9 ^? o!rs :]e 8 works be> te/imony to 8 lit]>y & political skill--we see ,gregory at 8 be/4 ,he is n defici5t 9 satire2 occasionally he indulges 9 playful humor2 b he nev] =gets pr9ciple nor fl9*es f ! prosecution ( 8 cause4 ,x _c be said ( him t he proposes to ov]rule ! civil au?orities1 b he unque/ionably tells !m "s exce$+ly pla9 tru?s4 ,to ! ,emp]or ,maurice he wrote remon/rat+ aga9/ 8 refusal to all[ a soldi] to become a monk3 8,to ?is by me1 ! la/ ( ,8 s]vants & y\rs1 w ,*ri/ reply1 #8,f a not>y ,i made !e a c\nt ( ! body-gu>d2 f a c\nt ( ! body-gu>d ,i made !e a ,caes>2 f a ,caes> ,i made !e an emp]or2 nay1 m1 ,i h made !e also a fa!r ( emp]ors2 ,i h committ$ ,my prie/s into ?y h&2 & do/ ?\ )draw ?y soldi]s f ,my s]vice8' ,answ] ?y s]vant1 mo/ pi\s "l1 ,i pray !e1 & say h[ ?\ wilt reply to ?y ,"l 9 ! judgm5t1 :5 ,he comes & ?us speaks40 ,9 ?is /yle he alt]nately appeal$ & remon/rat$ 9 8 deal+ ) ! p[]s t be4 ,to ,john ! ,fa/]1 h[ev]1 he adm9i/]$ gall & honey--sometimes sep>ately & sometimes mix$ toge!r4 8,y\r holy ,frat]nity10 he says1 on "o occasion1 8has repli$ to me1 z appe>s f ! signature ( ! lett]1 t y 7 ignorant ( :at ,i _h writt5 ab\t4 ,at :i* reply ,i 0 mightily a/oni%$1 pond]+ ) myself 9 sil5ce1 if :at y say is true1 :at c be worse ?an t su* ?+s %\ld be done aga9/ ,god's s]vants & he :o is ov] !m %\ld be ignorant80 ,two monks _h 9 fact be5 beat5 ) cudgels = h]esy & f9ally resort$ to ,rome 9 defiance ( ,john1 :]e ,gregory p>don$ & re/or$ !m4 ,! ,pope cont9ues3 8,b1 if y\r hol9ess did "k bo? :at subject ,i wrote ab\t & :at _h be5 done1 ei!r aga9/ ,john1 ! ,presbyt]1 or aga9/ ,a?anasius1 monk ( ,isauria & a presbyt]1 & h writt5 to me1 #8,i "k n1' :at c ,i reply to ?is1 s9ce ,scripture says1 #8,! m\? t lies slays ! s\l8' ,i ask1 mo/ holy bro!r1 has all t great ab/95ce ( y\rs come to ?is1 t y w\ld1 by d5ial1 conceal f y\r bro!r :at y "k to h be5 done80 ,if we are1 9 spite ( ?is pla9ness1 dispos$ to be sev]e ^u ,gregory's subs]vi5ce to ! civil p[] ( ! ,byzant9e ,c\rt1 we %all f9d an in/ance 9 8 behavior t[>d ,phocas4 ,?is man _h murd]$ ! ,emp]or ,maurice1 g\ty & helpless z he 02 & _h previ\sly put 8 six sons to dea? be=e 8 eyes4 ,! good old emp]or di$ l a h]o1 repeat+ ! words ( ! psalm1 8,?\1 ,o ,"l1 art j1 & all ,?y judgm5ts are "r40 ,& we ne$ only to turn to ,gregory's writ+s to prove t ! dead man 0 8 fri5d & _h done him _m a k9dness4 ,not)/&+ ^! graci\s & excell5t memories ( ! late emp]or1 ! ,s5ate & p _h hail$ ! adv5t ( ,phocas ) raptur\s delight4 ,8 image & t ( 8 wife _h be5 s5t to ,rome1 & n[1 ) ! upro> ris+ to 8 w9d[s1 ,gregory desc5d$ to ! common level ( dete/able approbation1 & caus$ ^! images to be c>ri$ into ! oratory ( ! ,lat]an palace4 8,?is10 says "o ( 8 biograph]s1 8is ! only /a9 ^u ! life ( ,gregory4 ,we d n attempt ei!r to conceal x or to excuse x40 ,true1 ,maurice _h be5 a vexati\s old man1 & 8 piety1 :ile x 0 und5iable1 0 nev]!less some:at acrid4 ,b ! ,bi%op ( ,rome %\ld h _h suffici5t /r5g? at lea/ to repress any tumultu\s joy ov] an act ( murd]\s ambition & hateful selfi%ness4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is ! weakness ( _m a prelate4 ,9 ! h\r ( trial he b5ds l a re$ to ! bla/1 :5 we %\ld expect him to be an oak1 & tru/ to 8 roots to grapple him safely d[n to ! firm e>? ( pr9ciple4 ,?is great blot1 conc$$ by all c&id hi/orians1 rema9s ^u 8 memory4 ,x is a bett] picture = u to view :51 =sak+ 8 tru/ 9 ! m]cy ( b>b>ians or ! s5ility ( despotic p[]1 ,gregory look$ outw>d to ! new nations & s\ght to furni% ! ,roman ,*ur* ) fre% vigor & vital help f ?is unwa/$ s\rce ( /r5g?4 ,he correspond$ ) ,*ildeb]t ,,ii41 ! un=tunate "y ,k+ ( ,au/rasia1 ! son ( ! notori\s b intellectual ,brunehilda4 ,) him & ) ! ,fr5* bi%ops he labor$ to secure ! de/ruction ( 8simony10 by :i* 0 meant ! b>ga9 & sale ( ecclesia/ical positions4 ,he also /rove to prev5t laym5 f be+ elevat$ to ! episcopate1 ?\gh he %\ld h rememb]$ t ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s 0 a notable argum5t aga9/ 8 fe>s4 ,he also att5d$ to ! religi\s matt]s ( ,spa94 ,?is prov9ce _h ceas$ to be ,arian 9 #ehg ) ! accession ( ,rec>$2 & ) x & ) ,i/ria he 0 entirely successful 9 8 me?ods ( unity & peace4 ,he also ov]came ! ,donati/ p>ty 9 ,africa1 :o _h = ye>s be5 orda9+ _! own bi%ops side by side ) ! regul> succession1 & sometimes 9 actual alt]nation ) !m4 ,to cr[n all1 he organiz$ a mission to ! di/ant isl& ( ! fair-fac$ ,angli 9 #eif1 ! v date at :i* ! "y ,*ildeb]t p]i%$ by poison 9 ! tw5ty-six? ye> ( 8 age4 ,!n x 0 t ,augu/9e1 aft] "o recoil :i* %[$ t he 0 n q up to ! m>k ( ,gregory's zeal1 f9ally set out 9 e>ne/ ) =ty companions4 ,! mon? 0 ,july4 ,! mission 0 almo/ an embassy4 ,x w5t ?r\gh ! int]v5+ k+doms endors$ to & by _! k+s4 ,& x w5t to *e] ! little feeble remnant ( ! ,celtic ,*ri/ians :o _h escap$ ! ,saxon sword1 & to draw f ! ,v5]able ,b$e 8 grateful tribute to ! man :o _h already well des]v$ ! title ( great4 8,=10 says ,b$e1 8if ,gregory be n to o!rs an apo/le1 he is "o to u1 = ! seal ( 8 apo/le%ip are we 9 ! ,"l40 ,:5 we rememb]1 also1 8 secul> s]vices 9 sav+ ,rome f sack & pillage1 we _c b p]ceive t he 0 lay+1 broad & deep1 ! f\ndations ( t temporal au?ority :i* ! ,pope ( ,rome 0 soon to claim4 ,! rev5ues ( ! ,roman bi%op 7 gr[+ enorm\sly4 ,he _h 9 ,sicily & else:]e 8 ag5ts & /ew>ds 7def5sores74 ,he 0 rapidly aris+ to a position ( almo/ indep5d5t dignity4 ,8 def]5ce to k+s 0 only t ( ,*ri/ian c\rtesy & love4 ,9 ano!r man "s ( ?is might h be5 disfigur$ by self-seek+ & moral obliquity ( purpose4 ,9 ,gregory we f9d1 ?r\gh\t 8 c>e]1 a noble integrity :i* 0 c]ta9ly au/]e en\gh1 b :i* 0 9 ! ma9 pure & free f spot4 ,8 weakness 0 t ( ov]conciliation1 ( :i* ! case ( ,phocas is a flagrant example4 ,b 8 /r5g? 0 9 8 j judgm5t & 9 8 ma/]ful manipulation ( ! mat]ials be=e him4 ,9 8 way1 too1 he sav$ ,*ri/ian art z well z ,*ri/ian music4 ,he condemns ! ,bi%op ( ,m>seilles 7,massilia7 = hav+ brok5 "s /atues ( ! sa9ts4 ,& :ile 8 remon/rance may p]haps be quot$ 9 favor ( image-wor%ip1 x c]ta9ly _c be quot$ = t bl9d iconoclasm :i* w\ld de/roy pagan beauty be=e ! %r9e ( ,*ri/ian ugl9ess4 ,9 ! association ( 8 "n ) ! ,gregorian *ant he did almo/ z great a k9dness to ! ,*ur* z did ,ambrose :5 he br\ght to h] s]vices ! ,greek hymns ( ! ,ea/4 ,he 0 a sick man :ile he labor$ at ^! matt]s ( devotion & duty4 ,rheumatic g\t attack$ him & crippl$ 8 jo9ts4 ,we mu/ add to ?is t he 0 n )\t enemies1 & n )\t _m a little /+ & ?ru/ ( vici\s tongues & p5s4 ,b he endur$ to ! end1 & he probably 0 s9c]e :5 he wrote himself d[n z ,s]vus s]vorum--?\gh !re h be5 o!r popes s9ce 8 day to foll[ ! cu/om1 & :o 7 ! 8s]vants ( s]vants0 only accord+ to ! 8devil's d>l+ s91 ! pride t apes humility40 ,?irte5 ye>s he held ! keys ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,busy until ! la/ mom5t1 he wrote or dictat$ ! correspond5ce :i* 0 requir$4 ,b ! disease :i* 0 ^u him /eadily increas$ until1 on ,m>* #ab?1 #fjd1 he 0 releas$ f suff]+ & f c>e4 ,8 portrait %[s him z a man ) high & wr9kl$ =ehead2 a ?9 be>d ar\nd ! *eeks & *92 l>ge1 deep-set eyes2 /raight & manly nose1 & a s+ul> lock--almo/ l t 9 ! conv5tional portrait ( ,fa!r ,"t--^u 8 br[4 ,!re are a great _m doctors ( div9ity :o d n a little resemble him to-day4 ,x is a good face1 b a some:at /]n & sev]e "o--( ! sort to make cr$ible ! /ory t he _h a special :ip = 8 *ori/]s1 & us$ x :5 x 0 ne$$4 ,8 works fill sev]al volumes 9 ! ,patrologia4 ,8 ,morals1 a comm5t>y ^u ,job1 is ! v be/ ( 8 books2 b he 0 probably ignorant ( bo? ,hebrew & ,greek1 & h5ce 8 comm5ts on ,scripture are r m homiletical & practical ?an s*ol>ly4 ,! ,pa/oral ,rule 0 translat$ into ,saxon by ,k+ ,alfr$1 :o admir$ its practical wisdom1 & s5t a copy to e bi%op 9 8 k+dom2 "u ,*>les ! ,great also x 0 mu* e/eem$ 9 ,france4 ,8 ,lett]s are ! great m9e ( in=mation ^u 8 p]sonal op9ions & me?ods4 ,! ,dialogues 7 address$ to ,!odol9da1 & 9 ^! we f9d "s sup]/ition2 & inde$ a fondness = sa9ts' miracles & a weakness = relics 7 *>act]i/ic ( 8 o!rwise s5sible conduct4 ,he wrote b n9e hymns :i* are au!ntically traceable to 8 p54 ,!y are ! ,primo di]um omnium2 ! ,nocte surg5tes vigilemus2 ! ,ecce jam noctis2 ! ,lucis ,creator optime2 ! ,cl>um decus jejunii2 ! ,audi b5igne ,conditor2 ! ,magno salutis gaudio1 ! ,jam ,*ri/us a/ra asc5d]at1 & ! ,rex ,*ri/e1 factor omnium4 ,) a less] degree ( probability he has be5 nam$ z ! au?or ( ! ,aet]ne ,rex altissime2 ! ,en m docti my/ico2 ! ,lignum crucis mirabile2 ! ,noctis tempus jam praet]it2 ! ,nunc tempus acceptabile2 & ! ,summi l>gitor praemii4 ,( ^! ! ,rex ,*ri/e1 factor omnium delight$ ,lu!r s mu* t he decl>$ x 9 8 impetu\s way 8! be/ hymn ev] writt50--an op9ion :i* he w\ld f9d few n[adays to endorse4 ,gregory dislik$ pagan lit]ature & cultivat$ ! /yle & prosody ( ,ambrose4 ,x is possible1 !re=e1 t among ! ,ambrosian hymns !re may be ^? :i* he has writt5 & :i* are cr$it$ to an e>li] date4 ,b ! cause ( hymnology suff]s little by ! loss4 ,he 0 n a poet2 b z ! man :o made ! papacy a ?+ & n a "n--z ! man :o evangeliz$ ,brita9--& z ! man :o gave ! ,gregorian tones to ! praises ( ! ,*ur*1 he w be held 9 k9dly & la/+ remembrance4 ,!re 0 9 him a ve9 ( peculi> s>casm z well z ( deep e>ne/ness & ( great sagacity1 yet 8 lit]>y m]its are n to be weigh$ aga9/ ^? words & actions writt5 viewlessly on ! air1 b :i* /ill effectually vibrate ?r\gh ! polity ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,v5]able ,,b$e4 ,x happ5$ ) ,b$e z ) "s o!r ,lat9 hymn-writ]s--!re 7 sev]al p]sons :o _h ! same "n z himself4 ,hil>y & ,=tunatus & ,notk] are n ! only cases ( confusion1 = !re 7 c]ta9ly ?ree ,b$es1 & !y 7 n long remov$ f ea* o!r 9 po9t ( "t4 ,b$a ,major--! eld] or great] ,b$e--0 a presbyt] & monk ( ,l9disf>ne1 commemorat$ by 8 m celebrat$ namesake4 ,ano!r 0 a holy man ( ! "t ( ,*>les ! ,great4 ,b our own ,b$a or ,b$an 0 a presbyt] & monk ( ,j>r[1 & is di/+ui%$ f ! re/ by ! title ( 8,v5]able10 :i* he %>es ) ,pet] ! ,v5]able ( ,cluny4 ,!re are few f9] figures 9 e>ly ,engli% hi/ory4 ,sprung f pagan & utt]ly illit]ate ance/ry1 he has tak5 8 place z an hi/orian1 a s*ol>1 a natural philosoph]1 & a poet2 & 9 e dep>tm5t ( ?is v>i$ k he has %[n 8 ability & indu/ry4 ,engli% lit]ature recalls him2 ,engli% hi/ory praises him2 ,engli% s*ol>%ip has elaborately edit$ 8 writ+s1 & ,engli% patriotism has affectionately honor$ 8 memory4 ,cu?b]t1 8 disciple1 :o wrote 8 life1 beg9s 8 n>ration 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,! presbyt] ,b$a1 v5]able & belov$ ( ,god1 0 born 9 ! prov9ce ( ,nor?umbria1 9 ! t]ritory ( ! mona/]ies ( ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul1 :i* is 9 ,we>m\? & at ,j>r[1 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l's inc>nation ! six hundr$ & sev5ty-sev5?1 :i* is ! second ye> ( ! solit>y life ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t40 ,x also 0 ! n9? ye> aft] ! r$uction ( ,saxon ,engl& to ! ,roman ob$i5ce at ! ,synod ( ,:itby4 ,b$e himself relates t :5 he 0 sev5 ye>s ( age ! c>e ( 8 education 0 committ$ by 8 relatives to ! ,abbot ,b5$ict & aft]w>d to ! ,abbot ,ceolfrid4 ,he adds t f t date to ! "t at :i* he prep>$ ! accompany+ li/ ( 8 works he _h sp5t 8 days 9 ! same place4 ,8 exi/5ce 0 pass$ 9 m$itat+ ^u ! ,holy ,scriptures2 & he 8f\nd x sweet10 9 ! mid/ ( 8 obs]vance ( ! conv5tual discipl9e & daily *ant+ 9 ! *ur*1 8ei!r to le>n1 or to tea*1 or to write40 ,! *oice ( ?is ^w 8sweet0 7dulce7 is significant1 = no man c\ld m c>efully h m+l$ ! sweet ) ! useful4 ,a g5tle _s brea!s across 8 /udi\s pages1 z ov] ! r\gh be>ds ( ! yell[ gra9 a breeze moves & sways !m1 h>% ?\gh !y are1 9 graceful waves4 ,= he lov$ le>n+ ) a p]fect avidity4 ,8 works reveal 8 desire to accumulate x--to tea* x aga9 9 pla9 & simple fa%ions--& ?is b5evol5t desire r$eems _m a t$i\s disc\rse4 ,?is life ( 8 0 devoid ( p]sonal incid5t4 ,he includes no?+ ( 8 individual hi/ory 9 ! little notices :i* he makes ( contempor>y ev5ts1 & he is s+ul>ly sil5t ev5 ab\t ! affairs ( :i* we %\ld ?9k he w\ld naturally speak4 ,! light :i* we get ^u 8 surr\nd+s & circum/ances we mu/1 !re=e1 d]ive f o!r s\rces1 b =tunately ^! are at h&4 ,we "k1 = example1 t ,b5$ict ,biscop1 :o f\nd$ ^? tw9 mona/]ies 9 :i* ,b$e dwell$ all 8 life1 0 himself a rem>kable p]son4 ,he 0 ( noble bir?1 & gave up place & ambition 9 ! c\rt ( ! k+ to proce$ to ,rome1 !re to be tra9$ z a monk1 & !n to return & f\nd ,we>m\? 9 #fgd & ,j>r[ 9 #fhb4 ,to ! second ( ^! religi\s e/abli%m5ts1 situat$ ^u ! ,tyne1 ,b$e 0 transf]r$ "u ,ceolfrid1 its fir/ abbot1 & !re !nce=? he rema9$4 ,we are ev5 able to det]m9e 8 usual food z a s*ool-boy1 =1 says 8 late/ biograph]1 ,rev4 ,g4 ,f4 ,br[ne1 8we h a colloquy 9 :i* a boy is made to describe 8 daily food 9 8 mona/]y4 ,he _h worts 7i4e41 kit*5 h]bs71 fi%1 *eese1 butt]1 beans1 & fle% meats4 ,he drank ale :5 he c\ld get x1 & wat] :5 he c\ld n2 w9e 0 too de>40 ,!re is1 inde$1 9 ^! ,saxon mona/]ies ! hone/ & he>ty food :i* belong$ to _! age & p4 ,c$ric ! ,saxon1 9 ,sir ,walt] ,scott's novel ( ,ivanhoe1 repres5ts v fairly ! popul> feel+ on ! subject4 ,*auc]1 too1 c be quot$ ^u ?is same pr(usion & ! g5]osity ( ! "t4 ,( ! ,frankl9 he says3 8,x sn[$ 9 8 h\se ( meat & dr9k40 ,) su* a patron z ,biscop ! mona/]ies nev] lack$ any good ?+4 ,he br\ght back f ! ,cont95t ! be/ matt]s ( ! p]iod--books1 pictures1 relics1 skill$ me*anics1 mak]s ( /a9$ glass1 & *oir-ma/]s4 ,he saw be=e him a l& 9 :i* ! monk 0 to be ! cons]vator & promot] ( le>n+4 ,& 9 c>ry+ out ?is purpose he did m ?an plant a mona/]y1 = he plant$ & re>$ a man4 ,we h ! ^w ( t hi/orian ^: life & dea? s ne>ly approa* ^? ( 8 favorite au?or1 :5 we decl>e t 8prose took its fir/ %ape 9 ! ,lat9 hi/ory ( ,ba$a40 ,= ,john ,h5ry ,gre5e clos$ 8 hi/ory ( ! ,engli% p mu* z ,b$e end$ 8 own c>e]1 we>y ) 8 labor & yet complet+ :at he _h begun4 ,t :i* lies be=e u is :at ,gre5e f9ely /yles 8! quiet gr&eur ( a life consecrat$ to k40 ,x 0 no ho>d+1 av>ici\s1 trilobite life to be fossiliz$ = future ages 9 ! dead /rata ( ecclesia/ical records4 ,in/ead1 x conc]n$ itself ) all le>n+2 & ?\gh x p]i%$ 9 ! blackness ( a g5]al ignorance1 x is a s\rce ( light & =ce to-day4 ,b let u return to ,b$e's brief po9ts ( *ange4 ,:ile he 0 /ill a boy1 ! mona/]y 0 desolat$ by "o ( ! great plagues :i* foll[$ ! ,synod ( ,:itby1 & e monk :o knew h[ to s+ 9 ! *oir1 except ! ,abbot & ,b$e1 7 among ! victims4 ,unaid$ ^! two /ruggl$ ) ! d\ble task ( tea*+ ! o!rs to s+ & keep+ up ! mona/ic s]vices 9 ! mean "t4 ,! antiphons !y _h to ab&on1 b !y /ruggl$ ?r\gh ! ,psalms1 (t5 weep+ & sobb+ z !y sang4 ,at n9ete5--six ye>s be=e ! usual age--he became a deacon2 at ?irty he 0 a prie/2 at fifty-n9e he di$4 ,he acquir$ 8 ,greek ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ,ar*bi%op ,!odore1 :o _h come f ,paul's city ( ,t>sus 9 ,cilicia4 ,!re 7 _m 9 ,engl& :o actually spoke 9 t tongue1 ow+ to 8 enc\ragem5t ( x4 ,& ,b$e 0 no mean nor small factor 9 its diffusion1 = he taught at ,j>r[ a s*ool ( six hundr$ monks1 besides an unc\nt$ numb] ( /rang]s :o s\ght 8 in/ruction4 ,! g5ealogy ( s*ool ma/]s is truly sugge/ive4 ,f ,b$e to ,alcu91 f ,alcu9 to ,rabanus ,maurus1 f ,rabanus & 8 lib]al me?ods on to ! times ( ,abel>d & ! free inquiry2 s ! tor* ( le>n+ passes d[n ! g5]ations4 ,& :5 we rememb] ,alcu9's comm5dation ( ,b$e & ,rabanus ,maurus's in/ruction by ,alcu91 we _c d\bt ! close connection ( ^! ?ree e>lie/ names4 ,abel>d really reviv$ ! bold] & broad] /yle :i* _h be5 oppos$ at fir/ 9 ! ,abbey ( ,fulda4 ,h[ ! monk ev] f\nd "t = 8 accompli%m5t ( /udy & writ+ among 8 con/ant labors--8 *ant+ & 8 tea*+ & 8 frequ5t prep>ation ( homilies--x is inde$ h>d to discov]4 ,b he wore away ! ?9 scabb>d ( ! body by ! ke5 edge ( 8 %ea!d & un%ea!d m9d1 until he di$ be=e 8 days 7 truly done4 ,h[ (t5 mu/ we lam5t ! incr$ible monotony & we>y r\t9e ( ^! noble lives6 ,h[ mu* m1 we say to ourselves1 !y c\ld h a*iev$ "u bett] & fre] conditions6 ,b p]haps n4 ,p]haps ?is v con/riction 0 a s\rce ( /r5g?2 & p]haps ! sev]e /ress :i* f9ally broke ?is noble /ud5t 01 aft] all1 ! creator ( 8 be/ p[]s & ! director ( 8 f9e/ en]gy4 ,did he ev] visit ,rome8 ,monks f ! ,anglo-,saxon mona/]ies w5t on pilgrimage back & =?1 b if he w5t ) !m nei!r he nor !y h m5tion$ x4 ,yet !re is a lett] ( ,pope ,s]gius to ,ceolfrid :i* h9ts at su* a j\rney1 & might easily furni% a gr\nd = ! op9ion4 ,on ! :ole1 we mu/ consid] ,b$e z an unflick]+ light1 burn+ itself away at ,j>r[1 b illum9at+ all ,engl& ) its rays4 ,x is n because ( defici5cy 9 acquirem5t t we d5y ^! traditions4 ,he knew all t 0 !n curr5t4 ,8 writ+s are an encyclopa$ia ( univ]sal le>n+4 ,honorius ( ,autun says ( him1 scripsit inf9ita--he wrote incalculably mu*4 ,lanfranc cites 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,nation4 ,alcu9 comp>es him to ! ,y\ng] ,pl9y1 & quotes him ) great delight z 8,magi/] ,b$a40 ,! hymns ascrib$ to ! ,v5]able ,b$e1 on :at appe>s to be good au?ority1 are ! foll[+3 ,ade/o1 ,*ri/e1 vocibus1 ,apo/olorum gloriam1 ,emitte1 ,*ri/e1 ,spiritum1 ,hymnum canamus gloriae1 ,hymnum can5tes m>tyrum1 ,illuxit alma seculis1 ,nunc ,&reae sollemnia1 ,praecessor almus gratiae1 ,praecursor altus lum9is1 ,primo ,deus coeli globum1 ,salve tropaeum gloriae4 ,also1 b m d\btfully3 ,apo/olorum passio1 ,int] florig]as4 ,8 ,asc5sion hymn1 ,hymnum canamus gloriae1 9 its abbreviat$ =m1 spread beyond ! b\nds ( ,engli% use1 & f\nd favor ) ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,cont95t4 ,x has simplicity & directness1 if n mu* poetic =ce & is too prolix = ,*ur* use 9 its orig9al =m4 ,mrs4 ,*>les's v]sion1 8,a hymn ( glory let u s+10 is well kn[n4 ,next to x /&s 8 ,hymnum can5tes m>tyrum1 kn[n to ,engli% read]s by ! admirable v]sion 9 ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 :i* beg9s1 8,a hymn = m>tyrs sweetly s+40 ,a ?ird notable hymn is t to ! ,cross3 ,salve tropaeum gloriae1 9 :i* he embodies ! beautiful leg5d ( ,/4 ,&rew's dea?4 ,! notable ?+ ab\t all ,b$e's hymns is ! influ5ce :i* ! old =ms ( ,teutonic poetry--! allit]ative /aff-rhyme--h ex]t$ on _! con/ruction4 ,we c ev5 trace an approximation to allit]ation 9 8 v]ses1 :ile rhyme is r an accid5t ?an an object4 ,! v]ses ( ,be[ulf & ( ,ca$mon 7 9 8 m9d :5 he wrote4 ,t he c\ld use ! classic metres also1 we see f 8 poem 9 hexamet]s on ! life ( ,cu?b]t ( ,l9disf>ne1 ! great ,scoto-,iri% sa9t1 ^: de$s /ill fill$ ! ,nor? ) _! e*oes4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,rabanus ,,maurus1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! 8,,v5i1 ,,creator40 ,none ( ! great ,lat9 hymns is m reg>d$ ?an ! ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus4 ,! ,dies ,irae may be gr&]2 ! ,v5i1 ,sancte ,spiritus may be sweet]2 ! ,ad p]5nis vitae fontem may be loveli]2 ! ,/abat mat] may be m pa!tic1 b1 aft] all1 ! ,v5i1 ,creator holds a place ( equal honor 9 ! e/imation ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 :ile reject+ e o!r ,lat9 hymn f h] s]vices1 nev]!less reta9$ ?is 9 ! (fices = ! ord]+ ( prie/s & consecration ( bi%ops4 ,?is is only ! c>ry+ out1 inde$1 ( ! acc\nt giv5 by ! fam\s b unkn[n monk ( ,salzburg :o r5d]$ s _m ( ! ,lat9 hymns into ! old ,high-,g]man tongue4 ,he says1 8,:oev] repeats ?is hymn by day or by night1 him %all no enemy visible or invisible assail40 ,?is has always be5 ! repute ( ! hymn1 & !re is no d\bt t ?is att5d$ x on its j\rney d[n ! ages 9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur*4 ,its au?or%ip1 h[ev]1 has be5 less c>efully pres]v$ ?an its text1 :i* is notably free f mutilation & obscurity4 ,x is really s+ul> to f9d a hymn :i* has be5 s univ]sally employ$1 & :i* has escap$ 9 su* a m>vell\s mann] f ! pr(ane m$dl+ ( prosaic or bigot$ revis]s4 ,its doxologic f9al /anza is "o :i* is n (t5 to be f\nd else:]e--z ?\gh ! hymn _h tak5 & ma9ta9$ a place ap>t4 ,if x 7 ! product ( ! ,ambrosian age ?is w\ld n be likely to h occurr$1 = all ^? doxologies are =mal & int]*angeable to a m>k$ degree4 ,b ?is is ! appropriate conclusion ( a unique ascription ( praise to ! ?ird p]son ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,its date is ?us1 to "s ext5t1 fix$ = u4 ,we _c ref] x to ! days ( ,ambrose1 &1 s9ce x is f\nd 9 ne>ly all ! twelf? to f\rte5?-c5tury brevi>ies1 we are unable to attribute x to ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,its v v]se w\ld prev5t ?is1 if no?+ else did4 ,! ^w spiritalis is a b>b>ism--an altoge!r po/-classical expression4 ,! true usage is t 9 :i* ! g5itive case is employ$1 ?us 8spiritual delight0 w\ld be animi felicitas1 n spiritalis 7or spiritualis7 felicitas4 ,p]petim is also a ^w :i* puri/s ( ! new classic revival w\ld avoid if !y c\ld4 ,s1 too1 !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( /ress to be put ^u ! scann+ ( ,p>aclitus--:]e ! i is long1 ?\gh ,prud5tius 9 ! fif? c5tury & ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor 9 ! twelf? bo? make x %ort4 ,x has !re=e be5 said t ! hymn 0 compos$ by a p]son :o 0 skill$ 9 ! ,greek language4 ,?is altoge!r dep5ds on ! "q :e!r he pron\nc$ ! ^w by acc5t or by quantity4 ,b /ill x is n to be d5i$ t ! prosody ( ! poet gives u reason to ?9k t he did pron\nce ! ^w ) ! acc5t on ! 4 ,if ?is be s1 x w\ld foll[ t he 0 a man ( r>e & f9e s*ol>%ip 9 comp>ison ) ! contemporane\s le>n+4 ,ano!r criticism is purely !ological & aids 9 fix+ ! date by ! hi/ory ( doctr9e itself4 ,at ! ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o ,a4,d4 #ehi1 ! ^w filioque 0 add$ to ! ,cre$ to indicate ! fai? ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! procession ( ! ,holy ,_s f bo? ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,?is hymn pres]ves ?is po9t ( ! or?odox belief ) su* c>e t !re c be no d\bt ( its be+ subsequ5t 9 "t to ! date ( t c\ncil4 ,9 com+ m p>ticul>ly to ! v>i\s au?ors :o h be5 cr$it$ ) its composition1 x may be well to att5d to ea* claim z x is put =w>d 9 "s sort ( *ronologic ord]4 ,george ,fabricius ( ,*emnitz 7#aefd7 0 ready en\gh to ascribe x to ,ambrose himself4 ,! only gr\nd = ?is conjecture is ! /ructure ( ! v]se4 ,& ?is is no m a pro( ( au?or%ip ?an t a hymn writt5 9 :at we call 8long metre0 mu/ be1 because ( t fact alone1 ! production ( ,isaac ,watts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is pla9 t ! !ological allusion & ! doxology1 :5 tak5 toge!r1 remove ! hymn f> en\gh away f ! days ( ! great ,bi%op ( ,milan4 ,9 lat] times ( m critical s*ol>%ip ! le>n$ & accurate ,pr(essor ,h]mann ,adalb]t ,daniel has devot$ mu* /udy to ! hymn1 & has rea*$ ! conclusion t x belongs to t k+ :om ! ,g]mans are nev] tir$ ( prais+--,*>les ! ,great 7,k>l d] ,grosse71 by ! ,fr5* call$ ,*>lemagne4 ,l$ by 8 illu/ri\s op9ion ! compil]s & translators h1 )\t ano!r "q1 set x d[n = ,*>les's "w4 ,s x has gone2 ! m9or ,g]man collators1 l ,knigsfeld & o!rs1 foll[+ peacefully 9 ! re> ( an orig9al inve/igator4 ,?is 0 n true1 h[ev]1 ( m5 :o hunt$ = pro( on _! own acc\nt1 z1 = in/ance1 ,mone & ,wack]nagel4 ,b x is di/9ctly true ( ! ,engli% s*ol>s1 among :om ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* appe>s to c>ry ! mo/ preval5t influ5ce4 ,!y usually ass5t )\t a murmur to ?is conjecture ( ,daniel indors+ ,?omasius1 :o 01 s f> z c be discov]$1 ! p>5t ( ! op9ion4 ,! only real exception is ! ,scot* hymnologi/1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,m4 ,mac,gill1 :o d\bts1 b con=ms to ! op9ion :i* is 9 vogue4 ,! gr\nds ( ?is g5]al confid5ce 9 ,*>les's au?or%ip x may be prop] to m5tion "h 9 brief4 ,we "k x is said t he 0 a patron ( le>n+1 a fri5d ( s*ol>s1 & a dev\t believ] 9 ! or?odox !ology4 ,9 ! ye> #hji he took an active "p 9 a synod at ,aquisgranum :i* affirm$ ! doctr9e t ! ,holy ,_s proce$$ f bo? ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,!re is1 fur!rmore1 a /atem5t1 quot$ by ,c>d9al ,?omasius f ! ,acta ,sanctorum1 :i* goes 9 ! direction ( a positive ass]tion4 ,9 ! life ( ! ,bless$ ,notk] x is said t ?is hymn 0 compos$ by ,c>olus ,magnus4 ,n[ x has nev] be5 e/abli%$ t ,*>les 0 ev5 a ready writ] ( prose1 to say no?+ ( v]se4 ,b]+ton1 foll[+ ,e9h>d1 ,*>les's secret>y1 says 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,lit]ature ( ! ,middle ,ages 7#ahad71 t ,*>les 0 n a lit]>y man4 8,he seems nev] to h acquir$ ! easy practice ( writ+10 is 8 /rong language 7p4 #ajb74 ,! hymn1 on ! contr>y1 be>s ! evid5t m>ks ( accu/om$ skill & practice 9 ! art ( v]se z well z ! accuracy ( a m9d tra9$ 9 !ologic discrim9ations4 ,moreov]1 if ,maitl& 7he ( ! ,d>k ,ages7 is to be cr$it$1 !n ?is life ( ! ,bless$ ,notk]1 by ,ekkeh>d ,junior1 is full ( errors1 ( ignorance1 & wilful design4 ,x naturally celebrates :atev] is likely to add to ! cr$it ( ,/4 ,gall4 ,h5ce we ne$ n be a/oni%$ :5 x tells u t ,notk] compos$ ! sequ5ce1 ,spiritus ,sancti adsit nobis gratia1 & s5t x to ,*>les ! ,great1 receiv+ 9 return 8 composition ! ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus4 ,nor %\ld we be surpris$ :5 ?is turns out 7z x is n[ conc$$ to be7 a m]e leg5d )\t any hi/oric basis4 ,:5 ,?omasius foll[s ?is /ory1 & ,daniel foll[s ,?omasius1 & ,tr5* foll[s ,daniel1 & ! compil]s foll[ ,tr5*1 x really appe>s t b little indep5d5t judgm5t has be5 ex]cis$ on ! subject4 ,notk] di$ 9 #iab1 & z ,*>les ! ,great 0 dead 9 #had1 ! absurd ana*ronism ( ! ,ekkeh>d leg5d is cle> to a glance4 ,x %\ld p]haps be add$ t ,tr5*1 al?\gh all[+ ,*>les z au?or1 believes ! hymn to be possibly ( e>li] date4 ,mone takes a new dep>ture :5 he gives up ! common op9ion & ann\nces t ! hymn ought to be assign$ to ,gregory ! ,great 7#edj-fjf74 ,9 8 fir/ volume he taxes ,daniel ) hav+ be5 altoge!r too prompt to agree to ! c>d9al's dictum4 ,he f9ds no reason to give ! hymn to ,*>les1 b he reg>ds ! classical /yle ( its composition to be v fitt+ to ! culture & well-kn[n p[]s ( ,gregory4 ,he rejects ! doxology ,sit laus1 etc41 & consid]s1 v ju/ly1 t ! /anza ,p] te sciamus1 etc41 is ! true conclusion ( ! hymn4 ,wack]nagel agrees ) ,mone4 ,he ?9ks t ! only way 9 :i* ,*>les c\ld h secur$ ! au?or%ip w\ld h be5 by gett+ ! composition effect$ by ! int]v5tion ( ,alcu94 ,he !re=e believes t ,gregory 0 ! poet ( ! ,v5i1 ,creator1 & s publi%es x 9 8 exhau/ive "w ^u ! ,g]man *ur* hymns4 ,pr(essor ,m>*1 always c>eful & s*ol>ly 9 8 assignm5ts1 adopts ?is op9ion also4 ,aga9/ ! ,gregorian au?or%ip1 support$ z x is by su* em95t & indep5d5t s*ol>s1 "o mu/ be sl[ to cont5d4 ,b 9 fact !re is no great simil>ity betwe5 ! hymn be=e u & ^? ( ,gregory4 ,! great ,pope is n a great poet4 ,he has n writt5 "o hymn :i* has really endur$4 ,! ,audi b5igne ,conditor is quot$ freely1 & ! ,rex ,*ri/e1 factor omnium receiv$ ,lu!r's highe/ approbation4 ,b ^! & o!r hymns f 8 p5 are imitations ( ,ambrose--almo/ slavi% imitations4 ,! l(ty & gr& l>g5ess ( ! ,v5i1 ,creator is want+ to !m all4 ,! argum5t1 good z x may seem1 is only negative4 ,! inf]5ce is t ! hymn 0 writt5 by him--no?+ m4 ,on ! same gr\nds we might z well g back to old ,george ,fabricius & give x into ! h&s ( ,ambrose z he did4 ,! tru? is t ,gregory's writ+s d n conta9 x1 & :y !y %\ld n1 if he 7 its actual au?or1 x is h>d = any "o to und]/&4 ,b we are n at ! end ( ! inquiry yet4 ,we positively "k c]ta9 facts4 ,^! are3 ,t ! e>lie/ m5tion ( ! hymn is 9 ! ,delatio ,s4 ,m>culfi1 ,a4,d4 #hih2 t x is f\nd 9 ! brevi>ies ( ! twelf? to f\rte5? c5turies2 t its au?or 0 a skill$ !ologian & probably a ma/] ( ! ,greek language2 t he 0 a poet 9 ! true s5se & !re=e q c]ta9 to h writt5 o!r hymns & poems2 t x 0 s soon & s g5]ally adopt$ z to prev5t any corruption ( its text2 t all ^! ascriptions ( x to ?is or t p]son are no?+ b tradition2 &1 f9ally1 t ! hymn has su* spiritual wor? & p[] z to m>k x = ! production ( a dev\t z well z s*ol>ly m9d4 ,all ^! requirem5ts are met 9 ,rabanus ,maurus1 ,bi%op ( ,ma9z1 pupil ( ,alcu91 & laureate aft] ,alcu9 & ,!odulphus4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 ,*ri/oph] ,br[]1 a ,jesuit & a pr(\ndly le>n$ s*ol>1 :o 0 born 9 #aeei at ,arnhem 9 ,geld]l&4 ,9 ! ye> #aehj he w5t to ,cologne 9 pursuit ( 8 /udies4 ,!n he /udi$ philosophy at ,tri]1 & ev5tually became rector ( ! college at ,fulda4 ,"h he wrote f\r books ^u antiqu>ian topics4 ,8 dilig5t1 exhau/ive /yle c be judg$ by ! fact t he sp5t ?irty ye>s ^u a hi/ory ( ,tri]4 ,8 ,antiquitates 7 pr9t$ 9 #afab1 b 9 #afjc he _h edit$ ! writ+s ( ,=tunatus1 & ?is book 0 reissu$ 9 #afag1 ! ye> ( 8 dea?1 by ,joannes ,volm> at ,cologne4 ,?is edition has an app5dix ( #aej pp4 #dto41 9 :i* is conta9$ ! entire s]ies ( hymns & o!r poetical compositions :i* 7 due to ! a=esaid ,bi%op ( ,ma9z1 ,rabanus ,maurus4 ,x 0 edit$ f a v old ,,ms4 ( und\bt$ v]acity1 & x conta9s ! ,v5i1 ,creator 9 ! precise text :i* we n[ employ4 ,x is to be notic$ t x does n recognize ! doxology ,sit laus1 etc41 & ?is ,mone assures u 0 compos$ at a lat] p]iod by ,h9cm> ( ,rheims1 & is1 z we h said1 unique4 ,b x acc5ts ,p>aclitus ^u ! second a & n ^u ! i4 ,! /anza ,da gaudiorum1 etc41 0 reject$ "s "t ago by ! be/ s*ol>s4 ,x is f a hymn ( lat] date4 ,& we !re=e f9d ! v]sion :i* appe>s 9 ,brew]'s editions ( ! poems ( ,rabanus ,maurus to be consonant ) ! mo/ intellig5t criticism ( ! text ( ! ,v5i1 ,creator4 ,! hymn itself we c assign ) v consid]able c]ta9ty to ! au?or 9 ^: pages x aga9 is app>5t1 & we may believe 9 ! accuracy & s*ol>ly acut5ess ( ! ,jesuit antiqu>ian4 ,x w n be amiss if we set our reasons 9 ord]1 = a long-e/abli%$ delusion is z h>d to ov]?r[ sometimes z ! /ubborne/ fact4 ,!y are su* z ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! hymn is f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,rabanus ,maurus1 9 a codex :i* ,br[] calls 8v anci5t & well approv$40 #b4 ,x is ! precise p>aphrase ( ! le>n$ bi%op's *apt] on ! ,holy ,_s4 ,?us he beg9s ! *apt] ) an ass]tion ( ! procession ( ! ,holy ,_s f bo? ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,he !n calls ?is ,_s donum ,dei1 & sev]al times repeats ! phrase4 ,he argues t ! ,_s is coequal & coet]nal ,god4 ,he !n discusses ! t]m ,p>aclete1 & proce$s to speak ( ! septi=mis nature ( ,8 p[]4 ,next foll[s a mo/ significant & unusual expression--namely1 t ! ,holy ,_s is digitus ,dei--! f+] ( ,god4 ,& ! consecution & co9cid5ce ( ?\ght is /ill fur!r increas$ by an allusion to ! grace :i* be/[$ ! gift ( tongues4 ,he !n speaks ( ! ,_s z fire--:i* accords ) ! ^w acc5de--& !n he expla9s ! simile ( wat]1 :i* corresponds ) ! ^w infunde & ) ! previ\s phrase fons vivus4 ,he also quotes f ! ,gospel ( ,john to %[ t ?is 8liv+ wat]0 means no m nor less ?an ! ,holy ,_s4 ,^! co9cid5ces are d\bly rem>kable1 = !y n only exhibit ! same ideas--"s ( :i*1 by ! way1 are q uncommon--b !y also set !m =? 9 ! precise ord] 9 :i* ! good bi%op employs !m 9 8 hymn4 ,x is z if1 be+ ar\s$ & animat$ by 8 great & noble !me1 he _h turn$ to v]se z an appropriate m$ium ( l(ty praise & _h sung f 8 he>t ?is immortal hymn4 #c4 ,to ^! reasons we may add a ?ird--t ! int]nal /ructure ( ! hymn %[s its au?or to h be5 a p]son ( !ological s\ndness1 spiritual insight1 scriptural k1 g5u9e s*ol>%ip1 & a natural poetical capacity4 ,^! facts aga9 agree ) :at we "k to h be5 ! tal5ts & le>n+ ( ,rabanus ,maurus4 #d4 ,if ,gregory _h writt5 ?is hymn x w\ld h appe>$ at an e>li] date & w\ld h be5 und\bt$ly attribut$ to its illu/ri\s au?or2 :]eas x is n 9 8 c>efully compil$ writ+s nor is x accr$it$ to him by ,?omasius or any hymnologi/ be=e ! "t ( ,mone & ,wack]nagel4 #e4 ,*>les ! ,great _h n ! le>n+1 & bo? he & 8 gr&son1 ,*>les 8! ,bald10 are nam$ on ! /r5g? ( a long-explod$ & always ana*roni/ic tradition4 #f4 ,ambrose is out ( ! "q by ! !ological limitation ( ! /anza ,p] te sciamus1 etc4 #g4 ,f9ally1 we h ! "r to believe t a man ^: o!r hymns h be5 s ext5sively1 ?\gh anonym\sly1 introduc$ into ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur*1 0 entirely compet5t to frame ?is pres5t hymn4 ,?is la/ po9t is wor?y ( m ?an ?is t]se rem>k4 ,rabanus compos$ ! hymns1 ,ade/ dies sanctus ,dei1 ,fe/um nunc celebre1 ,fit porta ,*ri/i p]via1 ,tibi ,*ri/e spl5dor ,patris1 ,*ri/e ,r$emptor omnium1 & ,jesu ,salvator saeculi1 all ( :i* display great p[]s ( sacr$ poetry & two ( :i* are beyond any possible d\bt 8 au!ntic productions4 ,( ! tw5ty-n9e hymns f\nd 9 ,brew]'s codex !re are two :i* h be5 cr$it$ to ,ambrose beside ! ,v5i1 ,creator1 & !re are sev5 :i* are class$ by ,daniel & ,fabricius z belong+ betwe5 ! t5? & f\rte5? c5turies & to unkn[n au?or%ip4 ,! codex adds to our previ\s li/ eight entirely new poems1 & two o!rs :i* raise a "q on :i* we may pause = a mom5t be=e conc$+ ! curr5t op9ion4 ,! fir/ ( ^! hymns is ! ,altus prosator1 ( :i* ! codex gives u a mu* full] & long] v]sion4 ,x is call$ ord9>ily ! 8,hymn ( ,/4 ,columba10 & 0 repr9t$ by ,dr4 ,todd f ! ,lib] ,hymnorum ( old ,iri% hymns 9 ! libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,our pres5t l9e ( inquiry w\ld lead u to assign x to ,rabanus1 & ?us d away ) ! m]e conjecture :i* makes ,columba its au?or4 ,! second hymn is t usually cr$it$ to ,elpis1 ! wife ( ,boe?ius4 ,b ! designation ( ?is hymn is z fanciful z ! o!r4 ,br[] 9 8 loyalty to ! ,*ur* w n impugn ! au?or%ip :i* is commonly receiv$1 b he is con/ra9$ to admit t a /anza is app5d$ :i* ! popul> v]sion entirely omits4 ,x seems f> m reasonable to ?9k t ,rabanus compos$ ! :ole hymn ?an t he only add$ a few v]ses at ! end4 ,:at ,rabanus ,maurus really did 0 to con/ruct an hymnodia :i* _h an appropriate sacr$ song = e season4 ,he 0 a poet & he laud$ ! v]ses ( ,hil>y & ( ,ambrose4 ,_h he int5d$ to make selections he w\ld n h omitt$ !m4 ,b he has c]ta9ly put 8 own compositions into ?is li/4 ,!re=e x foll[s t he may well h includ$ m ?an 0 at fir/ suppos$4 ,& :5 x is pla9--= ! index ( hymns makes x pla9--t n "o s+le hymn ( ! tw5ty-n9e is ! und\bt$ & absolute prop]ty ( any o!r poet1 we are safe 9 assum+ t !y all are :at ! codex decl>es !m to be--! actual productions ( ! ,bi%op ,rabanus4 ,! hymn ,fit porta ,*ri/i p]via occurs 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,ambrosian ,a solis ortus c>d9e1 et usque1 & 0 !re ins]t$ by ! ,b5$ict9es ( ,/4 ,maur4 ,daniel says x is an entire hymn z x /&s4 ,& s say we :o f9d x /&+ alone 9 ! codex ( ,br[]4 ,at once1 !n1 ,rabanus ,maurus asc5ds f comp>ative obscurity to a front rank among hymn-writ]s4 ,& we are ready = all ! light ^u 8 p]sonal hi/ory :i* we c obta94 ,,v5i1 ,,creator ,,spiritus4 ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus1 ,m5tes tuorum visita1 ,imple sup]na gratia ,quae tu crea/i pectora4 ,qui ,p>aclitus dic]is1 ,donum ,dei altissimi1 ,fons vivus1 ignis1 *>itas1 ,et spiritalis unctio4 ,tu septi=mis mun]e1 ,dextrae ,dei tu digitus1 ,tu rite promissum ,patris1 ,s]mone ditans guttura4 ,acc5de lum5 s5sibus1 ,infunde amorem cordibus1 ,infirma no/ri corporis1 ,virtute firmans p]petim4 ,ho/em repellas longius1 ,pacemque dones prot9us1 ,ductore sic te praevio ,vitemus omne noxium4 ,p] te sciamus da ,patrem ,noscamus atque ,filium1 ,te utriusque ,spiritum1 ,cr$amus omni tempore4 ,o ,holy ,gho/1 ,creator1 come6 ,?y p's m9ds p]vade2 ,& fill ) ?y sup]nal grace ,! s\ls :i* ?\ ha/ made4 ,?\ :o art call$ ! ,p>aclete1 ,! gift ( ,god mo/ high2 ,?\ liv+ f\nt1 & fire1 & love1 ,our _s's pure ally2 ,?\ sev5fold ,giv] ( all good2 ,f+] ( ,god's "r h&2 ,?\ promise ( ! ,fa!r1 ri* ,9 words = e l&2 ,k9dle our s5ses to a flame1 ,& fill our he>ts ) love1 ,& ?r\gh our bodies' weakness1 /ill ,p\r valor f above6 ,drive f>!r (f our enemy1 ,& /raightway give u peace2 ,t1 ) ?yself z su* a guide1 ,we may f evil cease4 ,?r\gh !e may we ! ,fa!r "k1 ,& ?us confess ! ,son2 ,= !e 7f bo? ! ,holy ,gho/71 ,we praise :ile "t %all run4 ,rabanus ,maurus1 tea*] & ,abbot ( ,fulda & ,ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce 7,ma9z71 0 commonly call$ ! 8=emo/ ,g]man ( 8 "t40 ,?\gh ! c5turies h some:at obscur$ ! lu/re ( 8 r5[n1 !y h n depriv$ him ( 8 place 9 hi/ory1 nor h !y dissociat$ 8 "n f t ( 8 in/ructor1 prototype1 & model1 ! great p$agogue ,alcu94 ,( ! bir?place ( ,rabanus we h no c]ta9 k4 ,"s h said t he 0 ,scot* or ,engli%1 o!rs t he 0 ,fr5*2 b ! m reliable au?orities are conv9c$ t he 0 a ,g]man1 born ei!r at ,fulda or ,ma9z4 ,! epitaph writt5 by himself af=ds probably ! solution ( ! "q4 ,x 0 compos$ at ,ma9z :ile its au?or 0 ar*bi%op1 & conta9s ^! words3 8,urbe quidem hac g5itus sum1 ac sacro fonte r5atus1 ,9 ,fulda po/ haec dogma sacrum didici40 ,t is1 he 0 born at ! place :]e he 0 writ+ ^! v]ses--mo/ likely ,ma9z--& !re he 0 baptiz$4 ,aft]w>d he 0 educat$ 9 ,fulda4 ,an additional reason = ?is belief is t 8 fa!r 0 ( a family kn[n 9 ! records ( ,ma9z4 ,tri!mius says t ,rabanus 0 born 9 #ghh qu>to nonas ,febru>ii1 ! second ( ,febru>y4 ,mabillon adds1 8,i d n "k :5ce he got ! day2 ! ye> is probably pretty close40 ,b ! ye> itself1 on ! /r5g? ( int]nal evid5ce f\nd 9 ! man's writ+s & 9 ! mona/ic rules reg>d+ ! hold+ ( (fice be=e ! atta9m5t ( a fix$ age1 ,mabillon places at #ggf4 ,?is ext5sion ( twelve ye>s is a v important affair s9ce x makes ,rabanus a monk ( ?irty-?ree at ! date ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,aquisgranum 7,aix-la-,*apelle or ,aa*571 call$ by ,*>lemagne to reannunciate ! doctr9e ( ! procession ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,! "n ( ,rabanus's fa!r 0 ,ru?>d & 8 "m 0 *ri/5$ ,aldegunde4 8,%e 0 a woman ( ! mo/ hone/ conv]sation10 z ,tri!mius decl>es1 ! fit helpmeet ( a man 8ri* & p[]ful1 :o = a long "t s]v$ 9 ! w>s "u ! ,frank pr9ces40 ,!re 0 a bro!r1 d\btless an eld] bro!r1 call$ ,tut91 a p]son 8noble among ! fir/10 & p]haps ! fa!r ( a nephew1 ,gundram1 :om ,rabanus m5tions z ! royal *apla9 ( ,lewis ( ,g]many4 ,! lad ,raban--8! rav50--took on 8 d>k g>m5ts at n9e ye>s ( age & w5t to be a little %avel+ monk at ,fulda4 ,!re he cont9u$1 pati5tly toil+ on at 8 /udies accord+ to ! me?ods ( a b5ight$ "t1 & x is pla9 t he progress$ s well z to get ! favor ( 8 abbot1 ,ratg>4 ,s9ce ,ratg> took (fice 9 #hja or #hjb1 & ,alcu9 di$ 9 ,may1 #hjd1 x mu/ h be5 at or ab\t ! tw5ty-fif? ye> ( 8 age t ,rabanus 0 direct$ to put himself "u ! c>e ( ,alcu94 ,a record :i* has be5 pres]v$ %[s t 9 #hja our poet _h be5 made a deacon at ,fulda1 & x is natural = u to look ^u ?is j\rney to ! mona/ic s*ool ( ,/4 ,m>t9 at ,t\rs z an honor giv5 to "o :o _h already e>n$ "s di/9ction 9 s*ol>%ip4 ,be ?is z x may x is c]ta9 t ne>ly ! late/ "w ( ,alcu9's life 0 ! prep>ation ( ! successor to 8 own ideas :o %\ld hold high ! tor* ( k to 8 l& & g5]ation4 ,to him--?\gh ! old eyes at ,t\rs %\ld n see x--0 to succe$ ,walafrid ,/rabo1 & to ,walafrid ,/rabo 7 to be add$ ! s*ol>s ( ,/4 ,gall1 & notably ! m>vell\s cripple ,h]man ( ,rei*5au4 ,ratg> n[ 0 busy build+ a great *ur*1 & ar*itectural notions befogg$ 8 bra94 ,b he _h built bett] ?an he 0 aw>e :5 he s5t (f ,rabanus & ,hatto to sit at ! feet ( ! man :o _h br\ght ! sy/em ( ,b$e ! ,v5]able into ,gaul1 & :o 0 to commit 8 own en?usiasm = le>n+ to a great] s*ol> ?an ,paul ,w9frid1 ! ,deacon4 ,?is ,hatto 0 n ! infam\s bi%op ( ! ,rat ,t[] :om ,s\!y has immortaliz$ 9 blood-curdl+ v]ses4 ,t notori\s prelate 0 inde$ ,abbot ( ,fulda & ,bi%op ( ,ma9z1 b he di$ 9 #ifi or #igj1 & ! sw>m+ rats :i* dev\r$ him = 8 av>ice 9 keep+ ! corn f ! poor owe _! orig9al celebrity to ^? curi\s volumes1 ! ,c5turies ( ,magdeburg4 ,s f> z we c discov]1 ! ,hatto :o accompani$ ,rabanus became nei!r fam\s nor infam\s1 unless x be some?+ to h obta9$ ! abbacy ( ,fulda :5 8 fri5d laid x d[n4 ,9 #hjd ,rabanus return$ to ,fulda4 ,he _h pr(it$ by ! in/ruction he _h receiv$1 & 0 n[ ! fitte/ p]son to be put at ! head ( ! s*ool 9 ! cloi/]s4 ,to 8 orig9al "n ! old tea*] _h affix$ ! honorable title ,maurus1 & to ?is aga9 ,rabanus himself add$ ! descriptive adjective ,magn5tius4 ,s t ,rabanus ,maurus ,magn5tius is ! full appellation ( ! man h5ce=? to be /yl$ ) ! l>ge/ tru?1 ,primus ,g]maniae preceptor4 ,?is giv+ ( names 0 "o ( ! features ( ^? times4 ,alcu9 0 call$ ,alb9us ,flaccus1 ,paul ,w9frid 0 kn[n z ,bonifacius1 & ,ratb]t1 ! advocate ( transub/antiation1 became ,pas*asius4 ,besides ?is1 ! spell+ ( prop] names 0 v mu* at sea4 ,?us1 to ! ,r ( ,rabanus !re 0 prefix$ or suffix$ a ,greek 8r\gh brea?+10 mak+ x ,h,rabanus or ,rhabanus1 precisely z we "s times f9d ,h,ludovicus or ,h,lotharius4 ,x is at ?is "t t ! true skill & ability ( ,rabanus appe> be=e u4 ,he 0 ! fir/ p]son to e/abli% a s*ool 9 ,g]many :i* _h 9 x ! promise ( mod]n education4 ,he all[$ pupils to att5d & be tra9$ 9 ! cloi/]s :o _h no vocation = a mona/ic life4 ,9 po9t ( fact he 0 ! real f\nd] ( ! s*ool sy/em ( ,g]many1 & 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 h n be5 sl[ to accr$it him ) ! a*ievem5t4 ,8 life & accompli%m5ts h employ$ ! p5s ( ,buddeus1 ,s*w>z1 ,dahl1 ,ba*1 ,kun/mann1 ,sp5gl]1 ,khl]1 ,ri*t]1 & o!r writ]s on ! hi/ory ( pa$agogik4#g ,x is beyond debate t ! s*ool at ,fulda 0 a mo/ rem>kable place4 ,rabanus 0 n ! only tea*] 9 ! s*ool4 ,he 0 assi/$ by 8 fai?ful fri5d ,samuel ( ,worms1 a fell[ pupil "u ,alcu94 ,toge!r ^! m5 develop$ & enl>g$ ! m9ds ( _m ( ! future nobles ( ,g]many1 & laid 9 ,bible /udy & 9 ! advanc$ op9ions :i* !y ann\nc$1 ! f\ndations = a nation ! mo/ s*ol>ly ( any on ! e>?4 ,9 ^! classes 7 to be se5 su* disciples ( ! new le>n+ z ,walafrid ,/rabo1 ,s]vatus ,lupus1 ,e9h>d 7:o subsequ5tly s5t ?i!r 8 son ,wuss971 & ,rudolf :o wrote ! life ( 8 preceptor4 ,leav+ ! mann] ( t anci5t s*ool life = ! pres5t1 we are /ruck ) a/oni%m5t at ! broad & lib]al tone ( ! in/ruction4 ,rabanus foll[$ ,b$e 9 provid+ an encyclopa$ia ( human k = 8 pupils4 ,he entitl$ x ,de ,univ]sis & bas$ x on ! previ\s "w ( ,isidore ( ,seville4 ,additionally he abridg$ ! gramm> ( ,priscian1 a treatise :i* furni%$1 ev5 z late z ! days ( ,ri*>d ,bray?waite & 8 ,drunk5 ,b>nabee1 ! sugge/ive l9e1 8,fregi frontem ,prisciani40 8,i've broke ,priscian's =ehead ma9ly40 ,he also furni%$ a text-book 9 ari?metic1 drawn mo/ly f ,boe?ius1 & an etymology 9 :i* he dep5ds to "s ext5t on ,isidore4 ,he utiliz$ ,b$e = *ronology1 & ,gregory = ecclesia/ical =ms1 & ,augu/9e = doctr9e1 & ,cassiodorus = comm5t>y & exegesis4 ,moreov]1 he 0 free f mu* ( ! sup]/ition ( 8 age4 ,he object$ to giv+ ! liv] ( a mad dog to "o :o _h be5 bitt5 by x--t be+ !n held a p]fect cure4 ,8 lett]s %[ an indep5d5t & almo/ an audaci\s m9d4 ,9 all religi\s discussion 8 motto 01 8,:5 ! cause is ,*ri/'s1 ! opposition ( ! bad c\nts = naught40 ,9 /atecraft--= ecclesia/ics 7 *ief mov]s 9 ^! affairs--he held ) ,ludwig ! ,pi\s4 ,he wrote a great deal 9 ! way ( ,scripture comm5t>y1 & 8 intellect 0 ( a my/ical ord]4 ,he delight$ 9 allegories1 9 en%r9+ ! bones ( sa9ts & confessors1 & 9 mak+ ! mo/ m>vell\s & intricate anagrams & arrangem5ts ( v]ses & lett]s ^u ! subject ( ! ,holy ,cross1 ^: praise he has elaborately set =?4 ,wimpfel+ may well /yle ?is production a 8wond]ful & highly elaborate "w40 ,x dates f ! ye> #hae1 & no mod]n read] c view x )\t dismay at its enorm\s exp5diture ( labor4 ,a man l ?is 9 ! tea*]'s seat ( ,fulda w\ld n be long 9 obscur+ by 8 manife/ tal5ts ! feebl] light ( 8 abbot4 ,s ,ratg> f\nd1 & devot$ himself & 8 monks ) mi/im$ zeal to ! erection ( a great addition to ! cloi/] *ur*4 ,he grudg$ ! "t giv5 to ! /udies ( ! s*ool4 ,he w\ld mu* pref] to h _h ! full control ( all t 0 pass+ 9 ! cloi/]s1 b ?is 0 pla9ly impossible4 ,s he devis$ a v satisfactory way ( int]rupt+ ! success ( ,rabanus4 ,he took ! books f ! s*ol>s & he ev5 =bade !m to ! tea*]4 ,?is 0 ! cause ( "s pa!tic v]ses 9 :i* ,rabanus sets =? 8 petition = _! return4 8,let ?y clem5cy10 he exclaims1 8conc$e me books1 = ! pov]ty ( k suffocates me40 ,"o grates 8 tee? 9 read+ f>!r on ! words1 8,:e!r y d ?is or n1 yet let ! div9e p[] ( ! ,omnipot5t always af=d y all good ?+s & complete a good fight ) an hone/ c\rse1 t y may ev] be ) ,*ri/ 9 ! height ( heav540 ,ratg> 0 a tyrant2 !re 0 no d\bt ( t4 ,! only "q 0 h[ long ?is tyranny w\ld survive ! loss ( /ud5ts & ! defection ( ! monks1 :o _h already begun to compla9 & resi/4 ,!re 0 n any hope1 h[ev]1 t ?is l9e ( conduct w\ld be mat]ially alt]$1 & "h aga9 we h v]ses ( ,rabanus1 lam5t+ 9 mov+ t]ms ! loss ( s*ol>s & ! demoralization ( ! s*ool4 ,x is n at all unlikely t ! praises ( ! ,holy ,cross 7 ! solace ( ! poor p$agogue :o _h lo/ 8 favorite volumes4 ,he c\ld sc>cely o!rwise h f\nd ! leisure = ?is elegant trifl+4 ,! poem j m5tion$ is imp]fect4 ,x breaks (f abruptly & ! conclusion is miss+4 ,:at x may h _h to d ) ! outcome ( ,ratg>'s tyranny we !re=e _c say1 b ! times ^u :i* ! mona/]y _h fall5 7 v griev\s2 & 9 #hjg !re 0 a pe/il5ce :i* deplet$ ! li/ ( monks f f\r hundr$ d[n to "o hundr$ & fifty1 & ^! mu/1 ( c\rse1 h be5 m press$ by ! manual labor ?an ev]4 ,!y toil$ z did ,israel 9 bondage1 & yet ! end _h n come4 ,x 0 a p]iod ( ! wor/ sort ( misrule1 p>allel$ lat] at ,cluny & n unkn[n 9 o!r conv5tual e/abli%m5ts4 ,9 #had ,rabanus 0 orda9$ prie/ on ,decemb] #bc;d1 &1 z is suppos$1 aft] 8 )drawal = a "t f ! mona/]y to ! refuge (f]$ by a fri5d's h\se4 ,f a passage 9 "o ( 8 comm5t>ies x has be5 inf]r$ t he us$ ?is susp5se ( 8 labors to make a j\rney to ,pale/9e4 ,9 #haa !re 01 says ,dahl1 a great confusion 7,v]wirrung7 9 ! cloi/]4 ,a libel 0 s5t to ,*>les ! ,great criticis+ ! conduct ( ,ratg>--8libel0 be+ us$ 9 its old s5se ( 8little treatise40 ,no?+1 z x w\ld seem1 0 done ab\t ?is1 al?\gh ! ord9ation ( ,rabanus may h be5 a l9k 9 ! *a94 ,b :5 ,ludwig ! ,pi\s 7,ludwig d] ,fromme7 came to ! k+dom ,ratg> 0 summ>ily depos$1 & ,egil1 a k9dly1 book-lov+ man1 creat$ abbot 9 8 /ead4 ,?is occurr$ 9 #hag1 ?ree ye>s aft] ,ludwig began to reign4 ,all difficulties 7 n[ ov]4 ,! s*ool 0 reop5$ ) great] prosp]ity ?an be=e4 ,! libr>y 0 increas$4 ,! secul> s*ol>s 7 taught outside ! walls1 = ! numb] ( /ud5ts surpass$ ! accommodation4 ,&1 9 a ^w1 ,ratg> _h m]ely held back a con/antly augm5t+ torr5t :i* n[ p\r$ itself 9 9 an intrepid tide4 ,:5 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 c5turies lat]1 cries out = intellig5t in/ruction & = ! ext5sion ( ! s*ool sy/em ( ,g]many1 he is b repeat+ ! cry :i* swell$ 9 ! e>s ( ,ratg> & drove him be=e x ) execration f 8 abbacy4 ,9 #hbb1 :5 ,egil di$1 by common cons5t ,rabanus 0 inve/$ ) ! dignity ( abbot4 ,= a "t ?+s w5t smoo?ly en\gh1 & su* s*ol>s z ,walafrid ,/rabo1 ,s]vatus ,lupus1 & ,otfri$ ( ,weiss5b]g 7 ! glory ( ! ,fulda s*ools4 ,b ! p5dulum swung too f> 9 ! reb\nd f ,ratg>'s illit]ate policy4 ,! monks 7 kept at writ+ & tea*+ ) too little discrim9ation z to _! ta/es & capacities4 ,!y began to grumble t ! mat]ial int]e/s ( ! mona/]y 7 neglect$1 & t ,fulda might be gr[+ ri* 9 books & 9 bookworms1 b 0 9 dang] ( becom+ poor 9 ev]y?+ else4 ,! disaffection f\nd a support 9 ,ar*bi%op ,otg> ( ,ma9z1 a busy political prelate1 :o seems to h become jeal\s ( ! prom95ce ( ,rabanus4 ,z a support] ( ,lo?> & ( ! policy ( imp]ial unity1 he 0 9 politics on ! o!r side f ,rabanus4 ,our abbot 0 a ,nationali/ & a ,home ,rul]4 ,he wi%$ to fo/] ! cultivation ( ! ,g]man tongue & to ma9ta9 ! di/9ctness ( ! ,g]man nation4 ,he _h /ood by poor1 weak ,ludwig ! ,pi\s1 ^: sorr[ x 0 to h succe$$ to ! "w ( ,*>les ! ,great4 ,he address$ to him a lett] ( consolation 9 8 tr\bles1 & wrote a treatise3 ,de ,rev]5tia ,filiorum erga ,patres et ,subditorum erga ,reges1 to recall 8 unfilial *ildr5 to a s5se ( _! duty4 ,9 ,ludwig ! ,g]man he recogniz$ ! mo/ dutiful ( ! ?ree4 ,s :5 ! ,emp]or ,ludwig di$ 9 #hdj1 he support$ ! y\ng] ,ludwig 9 ! dem& = virtual ,g]man indep5d5ce aga9/ ! high-h&$ imp]ialism ( 8 eld] bro!r ,lo?>4 ,he ?us %>$ 9 ! triumph ( ! victory at ,fontanetum1 foll[$ by ! ,compact ( ,v]dun 7#hdc71 :i* practically put an end to ,k>l+ imp]ialism1 & secur$ ! national indep5d5ce ( ,france & ,g]many4 ,b 9 ! mean "t ,otg> enabl$ ! illit]ate p>ty at ,fulda to drive ,rabanus into exile1 & :5 he came back he f\nd ! bre?r5 _h *os5 ano!r abbot1 ,hatto1 9 8 /ead4 ,waiv+ 8 own rights1 & lay+ aside all grudges1 he betook himself to 8 books 9 a priory or some?+ ( ! sort on ,m\nt ,/4 ,pet]1 n f> (f1 & resum$ ! "w ( tea*+4 ,"h he is ?\ght to h compos$ 8 great philosophical treatise on ! ,all1 :i* m>ks a di/9ct advance 9 ! developm5t ( m$iaeval metaphysics & logic4 ,inde$1 !re 0 b "o ?9k] ( ! n9? c5tury :o surpass$ him 9 p5etration & le>n+--! wond]ful ,iri% monk1 ,john ,scotus ,erig5a1 :o wrote ,lat9 b ?\ght 9 ,greek & 0 fill$ ) all ! wisdom ( ! ,hell5es1 f ,plato to ,dionysius ! ,areopagite4 ,9 #hdg ,ar*bi%op ,otg> di$1 & ,ludwig ! ,g]man elevat$ 8 fri5d ,rabanus to ! see ( ,ma9z1 ! metropolitan see ( ,g]many4 ,s9ce ,boniface1 ! ,anglo-,saxon 8,apo/le ( ,g]many10 :o _h succe$$ to ?is dignity a c5tury e>li]1 !re _h be5 no man ( su* em95ce at ! head ( ! ,g]man ,*ur*1 nor h any ( 8 successors surpass$ him4 ,8 fir/ c>e 0 ! re/oration ( ! discipl9e1 :i* _h decay$ "u ! confusions ( ^? d>k days ( civil w>4 ,a great synod met at ,ma9z 9 ,octob]1 ,rabanus hav+ be5 consecrat$ 9 ,june4 ,besides ! prelates1 abbots & monks ( all ord]s att5d$1 & ! canons adopt$ _h ref]5ce to /rict] life z ! obligation ( ! cl]gy4 ,! ye> 0 n ov] be=e news ( fre% tr\ble rea*$ him4 ,"o ( 8 own pupils at ,fulda1 ! monk ,gotts*alk1 a man ( re/less intellect1 0 report$ z spread+ an exagg]at$ v]sion ( ,augu/9e's doctr9e ( absolute pr$e/9ation1 & "o :i* ?reat5$ to ov]turn ! v idea ( human responsibility4 ,gotts*alk evid5tly 0 "o ( ! p :o love to walk on ! f5ce r ?an 9 ! road--to c>ry e pr9ciple ) ru?less logic to its remote/ conclusion4 ,! fir/ news ( 8 extravagances rea*$ ,rabanus 9 a lett] f ,italy sett+ =? ! doctr9es 8 =m] pupil 0 tea*+4 ,he at once respond$ 9 a lett] 7or r a treatise7 tak+ ! same gr\nd z ! semi-,pelagians _h done 9 ! controv]sy ) ! s*ool ( ,augu/9e1 gr\nd sanction$ by ,gregory ! ,great1 ,b$a1 & ,alcu91 al?\gh ?\ght unsafe :5 fir/ def5d$ by ,g5nadius & ,john ,cassian4 ,gotts*alk seems to h accept$ ! reply z a sort ( *all5ge4 ,! next ye>1 #hdh1 he made 8 way to ,ma9z1 & :5 ,rabanus call$ toge!r an assembly ( *ur*m5 & laym5--n a regul> synod--he appe>$ be=e x ) a confession ( 8 fai? 9 :i* he repli$ to ! argum5ts ( ,rabanus4 ,! assembly fail$ to conv9ce him ( 8 be+ 9 error1 & at ! k+'s sugge/ion a pl$ge 0 exact$ ( him t he w\ld nev] return to ,g]many4 ,h9cm> ( ,rheims1 ! metropolitan ( ! ,*ur* ( ,france1 made sure ( 8 keep+ ?is pl$ge4 ,z ,gotts*alk 0 h&$ ov] to him by ,k+ ,ludwig1 ) a lett] ( explanation f ,rabanus1 he _h him condemn$ by ! ,synod ( ,qui]cy 7#hec7 to deposition f ! prie/hood1 corporal *a/isem5t until he %\ld burn 8 confession ) 8 own h&s1 & lifelong imprisonm5t4 ,s end$1 9 #hfg1 ?is ,calv9i/ ( ! n9? c5tury1 )\t mu* cr$it to anybody :o _h a h& 9 8 fate1 b ) lea/ ( discr$it to ,rabanus4 ,9 #heb1 by ord] ( ,k+ ,ludwig1 ano!r synod conv5$ at ,ma9z1 to discuss1 x is suppos$1 ! doctr9e ( transub/antiation1 :i* ,pas*asius ,radb]tus ( ,corbie _h be5 sett+ =? 9 8 treatise1 ,de ,corpore et ,sangu9e ,*ri/i4 ,our ,rabanus resi/$ ! new dogma1 decl>+ t ! p>ticipation ( ! ,"l's body & blood 9 ! sacram5t is 8n c>nal b spiritual40 ,nor is ?is ! only po9t ( 8 agreem5t ) ,prote/ant tea*+4 ,especially 9 8 ass]tion t ! ,bible is a book = e ,*ri/ian1 & cle> & intelligible z a rule ( fai?1 he anticipates ,lu!r4 ,9 #hej a great fam9e desolat$ ,g]many1 9 ^: c\rse p 7 driv5 to ! t]rible de$s :i* sometimes *>act]ize su* times4 ,rabanus did 8 possible to relieve ! t]rible ne$s ( 8 flock4 ,?ree hundr$ ( ^! poor p 7 f$ daily f 8 res\rces z ar*bi%op1 & 8 he>t w5t out 9 pity to ! multitudes he c\ld n aid4 ,pitiful sc5es he mu/ h witness$4 ,"o poor woman fell dead z %e /agg]$ to 8 ?re%old1 ) a babe at h] brea/4 ,8 *>ity 0 too late to save h]1 b h] *ild 0 rescu$4 ,he liv$ six ye>s m1 see+ 8 diocese recov] f ! desolation ( t t]rible w9t]1 *]i%+ ! lit]>y & educational "w ( ! mona/]ies on ! l9es laid d[n 9 8 ,de ,in/itutione ,cl]icorum1 keep+ 8 cl]gy up to ! ideal ( ! prie/ly life z def9$ 9 8 ,de ,discipl9a ,ecclesia/ica1 & civiliz+ ! rude p ( 8 great diocese4 ,he di$ 9 #hef1 9 8 eightie? ye>1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,/4 ,alban's *ur* 9 ,ma9z4 ,9 ! era ( ! ,re=mation 8 bones 7 transf]r$ to ,/4 ,maurice's *ur* 9 ,halle4 ,z ,rome has n inscrib$ ! oppon5t ( transub/antiation 9 ! li/ ( h] sa9ts1 !y are all[$ to re/ toge!r 9 peace1 in/ead ( be+ di/ribut$ ?r\gh a long s]ies ( *ur*es z relics4 ,he _h compos$ = himself an epitaph1 z 0 ! fa%ion ( ^? days1 b x is pleasant] to read ?an "s ( ^? exagg]at$ly humble & prosaic treatises conc]n+ :i* we h>dly "k :e!r mo/ to /& amaz$ at ! badness ( ! ,lat9 or ! meanness ( ! piety4 ,rabanus avoids ^! objectionable features4 ,8 language is t ( a poet & 8 s5tim5ts ^? ( a s9c]e ,*ri/ian4 ,p>ticul>ly !re are two l9es :i* are notable because !y give u a glimpse ( 8 p]sonality3 8,promptus erat animus1 s$ t>dans debile corpus2 ,feci quod pot]am1 quodque ,deus d$]at40 8,quick 0 my m9d1 b sl[ 0 my body ?r\gh weakness2 ,t :i* ,i c\ld ,i h done1 & :at ! ,"l gave me40 ,"o ( 8 late/ beque/s 0 t ( 8 books1 :i* he devis$1 l a true s*ol>1 p>tly to 8 old abbey ( ,fulda & p>tly to ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,alban at ,ma9z4 ,john ,tri!mius eulogizes him 9 words :i* may1 p]haps1 be transf]r$ into our pages f _! orig9al ,lat9 z a specim5 ( ! praise :i* ,rabanus has always receiv$--praise t is inde$ wor?y ( ! man :o wrote ! ,v5i1 ,creator4 8,rabanus 0 fir/ among ! ,g]mans2 a s*ol> univ]sally erudite2 pr(\nd 9 sci5ce2 eloqu5t & /rong 9 disc\rse2 9 life & conv]sation he %one z mo/ le>n$1 religi\s1 & holy2 he 0 always a prelate dignifi$1 affable1 & acceptable be=e ,god40 ,?is same ,tri!mius gives u a little notion ( ! bi%op's appe>ance4 ,9 body1 he says t he 0 tol]ably robu/2 ( a sangu9e1 bili\s temp]am5t2 r fle%ly 9 p]son ?an incl9$ to meagr5ess 7macil5tus72 ) a 8c\rage\s & great0 head2 & ( a well-proportion$ figure4 ,( ! o!r writ+s ( ,rabanus x is suffici5t = u to "n 8 comp5dium ( ! gramm> ( ,priscian2 8 great "w ^u ,! ,univ]se2 8 treatise ^u ! ,praises ( ! ,holy ,cross1 & 8 elaborate comm5t>ies ^u ! v>i\s books ( ! ,bible4 ,he also prep>$ homilies & sundry compositions relative to ecclesia/ical matt]s4 ,9 ! ,patrologia ( ,migne x requires six closely-pr9t$ volumes to cov] 8 contributions to sacr$ lit]ature4 ,especially we h occasion to note 8 !ological writ+s1 z x is 9 ^! t 8 spiritual "* is mo/ app>5t4 ,8 works mo/ly are dead en\gh to mod]n int]e/1 b n all4 ,g]man philology honors 9 him a great *ur*man :o %>$ ,*>les ! ,great's respect = ,g]man spee* & culture1 & at ^: feet ,otto ( ,weiss5burg1 ! poet ( ! ,kri/1 sat4 ,g]man p$agogics recognizes 9 him ! fir/ ,praeceptor ,g]maniae1 :o transplant$ to ,fulda ! g5]\s plans ( education :i* ,*>les conceiv$1 & :i* ,alcu9 execut$ at ,t\rs4 ,g]man philosophy recognizes 9 him ! fir/ =]unn] ( ! great s]ies ( h] metaphysicians4 ,b to u he is ,rabanus ! poet1 :o acquir$ ! art ( v]se "u ,alcu91 :o us$ x at times to little purpose z 9 8 ,de ,laudibus ,sanctae ,crucis1 b :o 9 a happy h\r wrote ! ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,notk] ,,( ,,/4 ,,gall1 ,,call$ ,,balbulus4 ,9 ! life ( ,notk]1 writt5 by ,ekkeh>d 7,eckh>dt7 ! ,y\ng]1 :o 0 ,dean ( ,/4 ,gall 9 #abbj1 we h a p]fect m9e ( g>rul\s gossip & ( *att]+1 pleasant romance4 ,x has be5 call$ 8"o ( ! mo/ delightful ( m$iaeval memoirs20 ?\gh we are v little dispos$ to accept a l>ge %>e ( x z solid fact4 ,!re is 9 x mu* confusion1 bo? ( dates & names4 ,f "o ( its /ories came ! designation ( ,*>les ! ,great 78! ,emp]or ,*>les07 z ! au?or ( ! ,v5i ,creator1 a po9t :i* we h treat$ m fully 9 ! *apt] ^u ,rabanus ,maurus4 ,! copyi/ is ma9ly acc\ntable = ^! blund]s1 "s ( :i* are s grossly ana*roni/ic z to be at once correct$ by _! read]2 & o!rs are s pu]ile t no "o c easily be deceiv$4 ,s9ce x is to ,notk] t we owe ! 8sequ5ce0 9 its full developm5t1 x may be z well = u to let ,ekkeh>d sket* 8 "* at full l5g?4 ,! biography is 9 "o ( ! ,april volumes ( ! ,acta ,sanctorum ( ! ,boll&i/ ,fa!rs--a great :ite-cov]$ folio :i* displays ! imm5se rese>* ( its editors4 ,= ^? :o are less incl9$ to ! ,lat9 language 9 its monki% =m1 !re is ! admirable abridgm5t by ,b>+-,g\ld1 kn[n z ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts--a compilation :i* mu/ be always di/+ui%$ f ! "w ( ! same title by ,alban ,butl]4 ,f ^! s\rces a great deal ( tru? & falsehood1 fact & fiction1 real record & unreal romance1 h fl[$ =? ^u ! _w4 ,we _c b speak rev]5tly & k9dly ( su* noble endeavors z ^? ( ,dr4 ,neale1 b "h1 at ! v outset1 x mu/ be und]/ood t he has be5 altoge!r too mu* sway$ by peculi> op9ions = 8 ideas ^u sequ5ces--& ^u ,notk] also--to h ! weight ( absolute au?ority4 ,notk] himself is to be discrim9at$ f ano!r ,notk] ( ! same religi\s h\se ( ,/4 ,gall1 :o is g5]ally kn[n z 8! ,physician40 ,?is "o is ,balbulus1 or 8! ,/amm]]10 :o is sometimes call$ 8,vetu/ior10 ! ,eld]1 to di/+ui% him f 8 nephew1 ,notk]us ,junior4 ,he came1 ,ekkeh>d ass]ts1 ( noble & ev5 royal p>5tage1 be+ probably born ab\t ! ye> #hej4 ,at an e>ly age he ent]$ ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,gall1 9 ,switz]l&1 :i* _h be5 f\nd$ by ,gallus1 ! ,iri% sa9t1 a disciple ( ,columbanus1 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,?is celebrat$ man di$1 ,a4,d4 #fdj1 at ! age ( n9ety-five1 & 8 life 0 writt5 by ,walafrid ,/rabo 9 two books2 ! m>tyrology record+ 8 dea? ^u ,octob] #af?4 ,/4 ,gall itself is n[ a t[n ( "s fifte5 ?\s& inhabitants1 & ! capital ( ! canton to :i* x has giv5 its own "n4 ,b ! abbey 0 suppress$ 9 #ahje1 ?\gh ! libr>y1 fill$ ) valuable manuscripts1 /ill rema9s4 ,f ^! anci5t p>*m5ts ,p4 ,gall ,morel1 ,libr>ian at ,e9si$eln1 has resuscitat$ _m sequ5ces & hymns =m]ly employ$ 9 _! s]vices4 ,! ,sangall5sian poets are n1 h[ev]1 v num]\s4 ,h>tmann 0 probably ! e>lie/ compos] ( a 8sequ5ce0--a /yle ( sacr$ poem :i* we %all consid] pres5tly4 ,!n came ,notk] ,balbulus1 :o has ! great] r5[n4 ,tutilo & ,ratp]t & ,walafrid ,/rabo complete ! li/4 ,/4 ,gall 0 = ye>s a not$ c5tre ( le>n+4 ,x is well situat$1 & f its t[]s ! wat]s ( ! ,bod5-,see 7f :i* x is di/ant b a few miles7 c be readily disc]n$4 ,"h1 !n1 ,notk] began 8 religi\s life4 ,he _h probably se5 ! light 9 ! gre5 & f]tile ,?urgau n f> away f ,/4 ,gall4 ,& 8 tal5ts 7 soon s noticeable t he rapidly advanc$ 9 ! e/eem ( 8 associates4 ,mean:ile--= ! ,iri% & ,scotti% monks made ?is a ?or\ghf>e on _! pilgrimages to ,rome--!re came along an ,iri% bi%op nam$ ,m>k1 ^: nephew1 ,ma5gal1 /rongly ar\s$ ! admiration ( ,notk]4 ,ma5gal's music especially affect$ him1 & he dev\tly pray$ ,god to let ! ,iri%man t>ry ) !m at ,/4 ,gall4 ,?is inde$ happ5$1 & ,ma5gal1 re*ri/5$ ,m>cellus1 rema9$ 9 ,switz]l&4 ,?is good tutor n[ und]took ! musical tra9+ ( ,notk]1 ,ratp]t1 & ,tutilo4 ,& f ?is beg9n+ arose ! *oral s*ool ( ,/4 ,gall4 ,ekkeh>d's hi/ory ( x is mo/ sugge/ive4 ,x 0 orig9ally begun1 he says1 = ! /udy ( ! ,gregorian tones1 b ^! ,swiss p _h by degrees lo/ ! sweetness ( ! old ,pope's music4 ,& he borr[s ! language ( ,john ! ,deacon1 9 8 life ( ,gregory1 to satirize ! 8?und]+ voices0 ) :i* su* 8,alp9e bodies0 fail$ to secure ! prop] modulation4 ,i borr[ ,b>+-,g\ld's idiomatic r5d]+ ( ?is significant passage4 ,x runs z foll[s3 8,! b>b>\s hug5ess ( ^? tippl+ ?roats1 :5 endeavor+ to utt] a s(t song full ( inflections & diph?ongs1 makes a great ro>1 z ?\gh c>ts 7 tumbl+ d[n /eps headlong2 & s1 in/ead ( soo?+ ! m9ds ( ^? :o li/51 x agitates & exasp]ates !m beyond endurance40 ,su* 0 ! "* ( *ur* music :5 ! song s*ool ( ,/4 ,gall 0 />t$4 ,! monks _h already be5 s =tunate z to secure "o ( ! two ,gregorian antiphon>ies s5t by ,pope ,adrian to ! ,emp]or ,*>les ! ,great4 ,! occurr5ce 0 curi\s en\gh to be *ronicl$1 & ! /ory m]its our own repetition4 ,metz _h be5 ! ,g]man music c5tre1 b :5 ! ,fr5* music cla%$ ) t :i* 0 consid]$ ! correct & ,gregorian me?od1 ,*>les aga9 solicit$ f ! ,pope two prie/s :o 7 ?or\gh musicians1 & %\ld put ,metz & h] s*ool above criticism4 ,^! two m51 by "n ,pet] & ,romanus1 set out !reupon1 b took a heavy cold betwe5 !m at ,lago ,maggiore 7a]e ,romanis contr>io quat]5tur74 ,pet] soon recov]$1 b ,romanus advanc$ f a m]e cold into an actual fev]1 & rema9$ at ,/4 ,gall ) "o ( ! antiphon>ies1 :ile ! disgu/$ ,pet]1 :o claim$ bo? copies1 0 =c$ to proce$ alone & ) a s+le manuscript to ,metz4 ,/4 ,gall 0 suffici5tly attractive to ,romanus = him to make no ef=t to leave x :5 he grew convalesc5t4 ,& ^! compositions & melodies ( 8 7 ! f\ndation ^u :i*1 9 lat] ye>s1 ,notk] & ,h>tmann & ! o!rs built _! sequ5ces4 ,t :i* ,ma5gal n[ effect$ 0 ! real beg9n+ ( t sy/em ( music :i* is s elaborately treat$ by ,dr4 ,neale 9 8 preface to ! second volume ( ,daniel's ,!saurus4 ,p]haps m has be5 made ( x !re ?an x really des]ves4 ,x is c]ta9ly too f> out ( ! l9e ( ?is inquiry ( ours = u to discuss ! po9t te*nically4 ,"o ( ! be/ def9itions ( ! sequ5ce is1 h[ev]1 t ( ,mabillon1 :o calls su* compositions 8rhy?mical pray]s0 7ry?micae preces74 ,notk] became easily--s ,ekkeh>d ass]ts--! f9e/ musician ab\t ! abbey4 ,he 0 also a bright & r witty man4 ,:5 ,augu/9e 0 ask$ :at ,god 0 do+ be=e ,he creat$ ! _w1 he repli$ t ,he 80 build+ hell = su* va9 & frivol\s spirits0 z t ( 8 que/ion]4 ,! *apla9 ( ,*>les ! ,fat put a simil> inquiry to ,notk]1 & got q z brief a retort4 ,he ask$1 8,:at is ,god do+ n[80 ,& ,notk] /amm]$ out1 8,j :at ,he has always done & always w d2 ,he is putt+ d[n ! pr\d & exalt+ ! humble60 ,!re is ano!r ( ^! que] anecdotes :i* w s]ve to %[ t ! old monks 7 by no means de/itute ( a s5se ( humor4 ,a c]ta9 "y ,salomon1 son ( ! ,c\nt ( ,ramsweg1 0 a /ud5t ( ! abbey s*ool1 & some?+ ( a snob among 8 fell[-s*ol>s4 ,notk]1 ,ratp]t1 ,tutilo & ,h>tmann 7 ( z good family z he1 & !y did n enjoy 8 behavior4 ,f9ally1 ?r\gh favoritism1 ,salomon came to be abbot ( six mona/]ies & ,bi%op ( ,con/ance 9 addition4 ,b 9 spite ( ^! dignities he _h a s+ul> pr$ilection = ! ,abbey ( ,/ ,gall1 & 0 accu/om$ to put on a surplice & g ab\t ! place att5d+ ! (fices l a regul> monk--:i*1 by ! way1 he _h no "r to d4 ,8 old fri5ds f\nd ?is out1 & rais$ s mu* ( a /ir ab\t x t he ceas$ f ! practice4 ,b at night he /ill p]si/$ 9 ent]+ ! abbey & aid+ 9 ! s]vices4 ,rudig]1 "o ( ! conf$]ates1 0 !re=e set to wat* = ! com+ ( ! intrud+ bi%op1 & :5 ,salomon slipp$ along t[>d ! *ur* 9 ! d>kness ! wat*] sudd5ly ?ru/ a light 9 8 face & saw :o x 04 ,!n ?is valiant ,rudig] swore ! l>ge/ oa? p]mitt$ 9 ^? sacr$ prec9cts1 = he assev]at$ 8by ,/4 ,gall0 t no /rang] 9 _! conv5tual habit %\ld be ar\nd ! cloi/]s at night4 ,salomon (f]$ endless apologies1 & promis$ to secure p]mission f ! abbot be=e he wore ! surplice aga94 ,& he ev5 turn$ 8 discomfiture into a p>tial victory by begg+ ,rudig] to pres5t ?is reque/ 9 8 behalf4 ,! petition1 s voic$1 came duly be=e ! 8s5ate0 ( t monki% republic1 :i* happ5$1 un=tunately = ! av>ici\s & rapaci\s ,salomon1 to include 8 f\r oppos]s--8,h>tmann1 :o compos$ ! melody to ! ,sanctus humili prece2 ,notk] ! ,/amm]]1 :o made ,sequ5ces2 ,ratp]t1 :o wrote ,ardua spes mundi1 & ,tutilo1 :o 0 ! au?or ( ,hodie cant&us40 ,^! m5 f9ally all[$ him to come 9 z usual1 provid$ he w\ld entirely demit 8 canon's raim5t1 & be no?+ b a ,b5$ict9e monk :ile )9 ! walls4 ,someh[ ,salomon conc$$ ev5 ?is1 & "o day br\ght a spl5did gift--a gold box encru/$ ) jewels & conta9+ relics--:i* he (f]$ to ! abbey4 ,all ?is look$ 9 ! direction t ! monks fe>$2 & !y !re=e reject$ 8 pres5t ) "s scorn4 ,b x did n take long to lift ,salomon ! ,simoni/ to ! ,abbacy ( ,rei*5au1 & !n ,ar*bi%op ,s=tto contriv$ at l5g? to secure ! weal?y ,/4 ,gall = 8 favorite4 ,?us ,salomon1 ! dete/$1 became1 9 spite ( all opposition1 ! abbot ( t celebrat$ cloi/]4 ,b ,/4 ,gall itself _h always prosp]$1 app>5tly z ! sun does accord+ to ! !ories ( "s a/ronom]s1 = x _h be5 cont9ually receiv+ comet>y accessions t dropp$ into x unexpect$ly4 ,"o su* 0 an antiphon>y1 :i*1 on ! pr9ciple t 8to him t ha? %all be giv510 fell into ! h&s ( ^! musical monks ?r\gh ! burn+ ( ! ,abbey ( ,jumieges 9 #hea4 ,?is 0 ! true orig9 ( ! 8sequ5ce40 ,x solv$ ! problem ( ,notk] 9 a novel mann] :5 he f9ally exam9$ x1 = he _h be5 puzzl$ at ! imm5se prolongation ( ! f9al syllable ia 9 ! ,alleluia1 :i* 0 sung to cov] ! retreat ( ! deacon z he asc5d$ to ! rood-l(t to *ant ! ,gospel4 ,?is ,alleluia came betwe5 ! ,epi/le & ! ,gospel1 & z ! deacon _h "s space to trav]se1 ! ia 0 ne>ly int]m9able2 = ev5 a v few seconds became on su* an occasion a mo/ p]ceptible & we>isome int]val ( "t4 ,?is ,jumieges antiphon>y1 9 :i* words 7 fitt$ to ! ,gregorian tones1 sugge/$ ano!r treatm5t ( ! difficulty4 ,notk] consequ5tly compos$ ! ,laudes ,deo conc9at1 & aft]w>d ! ,colub] ,adae male suasor4 ,iso1 8 ma/]1 approv$ ( !m1 & ,ma5gal aft]w>d gave him consid]able help4 ,! 8sequ5ce0 9 its /&>d =m _h a 8note to ea* syllable10 z 9 mod]n *ur* music4 ,& ?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( t ,book ( ,sequ5ces p]fect$ by him 9 #hhg1 & :i* has ga9$ a m]it$ prom95ce = ! "n ( ,notk] ,balbulus4 ,ekkeh>d tells c]ta9 leg5ds 7:i* may or may n be tru/wor?y7 reg>d+ ! sugge/ion :5ce "s ( ^! sprung4 ,! dron+ rotation ( a sl[ mill-:eel gave rise1 he says1 to ! sequ5ce ,sancti ,spiritus adsit nobis gratia2 & ?is is f> m cr$ible ?an ! additional in=mation t ,notk] s5t x to 8! ,emp]or0 ,*>les & got back ! fam\s ,v5i ,creator ,spiritus--a /ory :i* ,mabillon utt]ly confutes4 ,?is ,emp]or 0 c]ta9ly n ,*>les ! ,great--:o 0 long ago dead--& x might h be5 ,*>les 8! ,bald0 or ,*>les 8! ,fat0 7! usurp]71 or ,*>les 8! ,simple10 b !re seems an antec$5t improbability t any su* nickname c\ld belong to ! grave & great poet ( t spl5did hymn4 ,&1 inde$1 we are n[ positive t x is ! composition ( ,rabanus ,maurus1 ,bi%op ( ,may5ce 7,ma9z71 :o di$ 9 #hef4 ,!re is probably "s %[ ( reason 9 ! idea t ! groan+ ma*9]y ( a mill %\ld h help$ to orig9ate ! ext5d$ notes ( ! sequ5ce4 ,! picturesqu5ess ( ! /ory is really its be/ claim to our notice4 ,i well rememb] a mill by :i* ,i us$ (t5 to pause 9 ! /illness ( night1 li/5+ to ! wail+ protract$ cad5ces ( ! huge :eel :i* sl[ly turn$ 9 its b$ z ! buckets successively fill$ f ! %ut1 b leaky gates4 ,he>+ ?is1 & comp>+ x ) ! 8sequ5ce0 ( ! ,ca?olic s]vice1 or ) ! long-drawn tones ( a ,g]man *oral1 x is impossible n to be /ruck by ! resemblance4 ,!n !re is ano!r /ory--inde$1 !re are sev]al 9 ! ,lat9 :i* c\ld sc>cely be ins]t$ "h--b !re is c]ta9ly "o o!r :i* bo? ,b>+-,g\ld & ,maitl& h _h suffici5t g5iality to extract4 ,x ref]s to ! mann] 9 :i* ,notk]1 ,ratp]t1 & ,tutilo--8! ?ree insep>ables0--att5d$ to ! eavesdropp+ ( "o ( ,abbot ,salomon's spies4 ,?is spy 0 ,s9dolf1 ! refector>ius1 or /ew>d1 a s\r-visag$1 crab-applei% k9d ( man1 :o 0 nev] s happy z :5 he _h an evil spee* to retail4 ,he p>ticul>ly delight$ 9 frett+ ! temp] ( ! abbot ) ref]5ce to ^! poets & musicians1 b !y suspect$ 8 design & 8set a wat* because ( him40 ,"o ev5+ aft] 8lauds0 ! ?ree 7 9 ! 8writ+-room0 7scriptorium7 :]e ! manuscripts 7 prep>$ & kept1 busy ) _! conv]sation & hav+ !reto ! p]mission ( ! prior4 ,s9dolf sniff$ sc&al 9 ! air1 & flatt5$ 8 e> aga9/ ! opaque glass1 :]e a conv5i5t crack suff]$ him to li/5 to _! words4 ,x 0 night1 & ,tutilo1 a %rewd1 lively fell[ 7homo p]vicax71 0 glad en\gh to get ?is occasion aga9/ ! sl9k+ traitor4 ,9 ! ,acta ,sanctorum1 & aga9 9 ,mabillon1 copi$ into ! "o hundr$ & ?irty-fir/ volume ( ,migne1 we h old ,ekkeh>d's grim report ( ?is monki% fun4 8,!re he is ) 8 e> to ! glass10 cri$ ,tutilo4 8,d y1 ,notk]1 because y are a timid little *ap 7timidulus71 g away into ! *ur*4 ,b ,ratp]t1 my fri5d1 take d[n ! :ip t hangs 9 ! *imney corn] & run out-doors4 ,& !n com=t my he>t 7cor meum con=t>e7 by lay+ on to him ) all y\r might 7e/o robu/us74 ,= ,i1 :5 y get close en\gh1 w ?r[ op5 ! w9d[ 9 a hurry1 cat* him by ! hair & hang on ) a w0 7ad me p]tractum viol5t] t5ebo74 ,(f w5t ! timor\s ,notk]2 out slipp$ ! *e]ful ,ratp]t2 op5 w5t ! w9d[1 & ! vigor\s ,tutilo clut*$ ,s9dolf by e>s & hair toge!r6 ,!n ,ratp]t ra9$ on ! la%es 7a dorso +r&9at71 & ,s9dolf twi/$ & h[l$ & kick$1 & lights began to fly ar\nd1 & ! bre?r5 came runn+4 ,b ,tutilo held on & call$ = a light & %\t$ t he _h caught ! devil2 :ile ,ratp]t vani%$ into ! night & ,notk] _h entirely disappe>$ 9 ! *ur*4 8,:]e are ,notk] & ,ratp]t80 0 ! fir/ "q4 8,oh1 !y smell$ ! devil & ran away to ask succor f heav510 said ,tutilo4 8,& "h 0 ,i1 left to d ! be/ ,i c\ld ) ?is ?+ t walks 9 d>kness4 ,& ,i believe an angel has be5 s5t to *a/ise him 9 ! re>60 ,! sneaky ,s9dolf 0 completely aba%$1 b 8 temp] did n improve "u ! *a/isem5t4 ,ev5 ,salomon1 8 patron1 laugh$ at him along ) ! o!rs1 :i* made ! matt] worse4 ,s "o day1 f9d+ a beautiful copy ( ! ,canonical ,epi/les 9 ,greek :i* ,liutw>d1 ,bi%op ( ,v]celli1 _h s5t z a pres5t to ,notk]1 :at does ! malici\s wret* d b cut x to pieces ) 8 knife6 ,ekkeh>d adds t ! mutilat$ copy c\ld /ill be se5 9 ! libr>y ( ,/4 ,gall4 ,^! two wor?ies1 ,ratp]t & ,tutilo1 he>tily des]ve ! place :i* ,ekkeh>d accords !m 9 8 life ( ,notk]4 ,ratp]t walk$ usually betwe5 ,notk] & ,tutilo2 a v punctual1 /udi\s man :o 8wore out two pairs ( %oes 9 ! ye>20 a man :o seldom left ! abbey walls1 & :o reg>d$ 8exp$itions0 z be+ to ! full 8z dang]\s z kisses20 a neglig5t fell[ ab\t ! (fices & masses1 claim+ t he taught !m (t5 en\gh to 8 pupils2 & f9ally1 a compos] ( good litanies2 dy+ ,octob] #be?1 ,a4,d4 #ijj4 ,tutilo 0 a capital companion2 g5ial & +5i\s2 capable ( music on all sorts ( pipes & fiddles2 :o told a good /ory & made _m a good joke2 active & agile 9 8 figure1 & )al a f9e c>v]1 pa9t]1 & goldsmi?4 ,"s ( 8 ivory c>v+ /ill exi/s 9 ! t[n libr>y ( ,/4 ,gall--s "o hi/orian records 9 a foot-note--& he 0 evid5tly a mo/ skilful musician1 ^: hymn tunes1 compos$ on ! rota1 or small h>p 7! m9/rel's in/rum5t 9 ^? days71 7 always acceptable4 ,he wrote ,hodie cant&us1 ,omnium virtutum gemmis1 & ,viri ,galilaei4 ,?is la/ he s5t to 8,k+ ,*>les10 :o himself compos$ a tune to :i* ,tutilo set words call$ ,quoniam ,dom9us4 ,8 royal patron lik$ him well4 8,curse ! man10 he said "o day1 8he is altoge!r too good a fell[ to be a monk60 ,ekkeh>d adds to ?is li/ ( compositions ! sequ5ce ,gaudete et cantate z a specim5 ( ,tutilo's ability 9 a slightly diff]5t direction ( music1 decl>+ t 8any "o :o und]/&s music0 w notice & appreciate ! di/9ction4 ,h>tmann 0 abbot aft] ,salomon2 a mo/ le>n$ man1 & "o :o p]haps contribut$ m to ! developm5t ( ! 8sequ5ce0 ?an we are n[ able to prove4 ,( ,notk] x is only fair to say t he gave to himself ! "n ,balbus1 or ,/amm]]1 :i* 0 *ang$1 ow+ app>5tly to 8 small /ature1 into ! dim9utive1 ,balbulus4 ,:5 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ask$ ,uadalric1 !n ,abbot ( ,/4 ,gall1 :at rank ,notk] _h held 9 ! conv5t1 ! abbot repli$ t he 0 only 8a simple monk10 b 0 born ( noble p>5ts & 0 ?or\ghly holy & well educat$4 ,on :i* ! ,pope decl>$ t !y 7 wret*$ & wick$ p 7nequissimi71 & w\ld suff] = x 7infelices eritis7 if !y did n celebrate ! fe/ival ( ?is man :o _h be5 8s full ( ! ,holy ,_s40 ,julius ,,ii4 comm&$ ,hugo1 ,bi%op ( ,con/ance1 to inquire into ! matt]4 ,! result e/abli%$ him z a beatifi$ confessor1 & s di/+ui%$ him by ! prefix 8,bless$0 f ,notk] 8! ,abbot10 :o 0 8 nephew1 & di$ #igc2 ,notk] 8! ,physician10 :o di$ #ajcc2 ,notk] 8( ,liege10 :o di$ #ajjg1 & ,notk] 8,labeo10 :o di$ #ajbb4 ,b4 ,notk] ,balbulus himself di$ 9 #iab4 ,salomon1 :o 0 !n 8 abbot1 di$ 9 #iai1 & 9 #iba ,h>tmann succe$$ to ! dignity4 ,x w\ld n be difficult to add to ?is acc\nt sev]al sup]/iti\s /ories2 h[ ,notk] broke 8 /aff ov] a dog-devil :i* w5t h[l+ ?r\gh ! *ur*2 h[ he _h "s difficulty ) ano!r demon :o int]m$dl$ ) p5 & ink2 h[ he sev]ely h&l$ a flagiti\s monk2 &1 g5]ally1 h[ he prov$ to be a mod]ate work] ( miracles & a pleasant colleague to ! o!r c5obites4 ,b we turn ) a peculi> int]e/ to t little sequ5ce :i* has made 8 "n immortal4 ,?is ,m$ia vita 9 morte sumus is ! "o :i* meets u 9 ! ,burial ,s]vice ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*3 8,9 ! mid/ ( life we are 9 dea?3 ,( :om may we seek = succor ,b ( !e1 ,o ,"l1 ,:o = our s9s art ju/ly displeas$80 ,x is !re f\nd 9 connection ) a passage f ! ,book ( ,job1 & is foll[$ by ! ,sancte ,deus2 ,sancte =tis2 ,sancte et mis]icors ,salvator1 ,am>ae morti ne tradas nos2 :i* is 9 our translation1 8,yet1 ,o ,"l mo/ holy1 ,o ,"l mo/ mighty1 ,o holy & mo/ m]ciful ,savi\r1 deliv] u n into ! bitt] pa9s ( et]nal dea?40 ,all t ,notk] orig9ally compos$ is t :i* is fir/ m5tion$ above4 ,! re/ came ab\t z we %all pres5tly see4 ,! ,rev4 ,f4 ,proctor1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 /ates t ?is brief sequ5ce--( :i* he does n appe> to "k ! orig9--80 =m$ f an antiphon :i* 0 sung at ,compl9e dur+ a "p ( ,l5t40 ,!re is also a s+ul> misappreh5sion by :i* ! 8samphire ga!r]s0 hang+ ov] ! cliffs ( ,engl& at _! 8dreadful trade0 7 cr$it$ ) ! sugge/ion4 ,x 0 =m]ly suppos$ t ,notk] wat*$ !m dur+ _! dang]\s toil1 & s1 by ano!r equally /range inadv]t5ce1 ! fact 0 tak5 z a pro( t he mu/ h be5 himself a native or resid5t ( ,brita94 ,?is1 l ! o!r leg5d ( ! tw5ty-ye> debate ^u sequ5ces1 proves on inquiry to h no f\ndation 9 fact4 ,! /ory itself is a suffici5t explanation )\t any color+ :atev]4 ,x reveals to u ! poetic _s ( ! dev\t man :o beheld 8 fell[-creatures pois$ betwe5 life & dea?1 & wrote ?is %ort & exquisite m$itation !reon4 8,! holy ,notk]10 says ,canisius1 8made ! #8prose' ( ! foll[+ lam5t :5 ! bridge ov] ! *asm at ,m>t9/obel 0 be+ con/ruct$ 9 a precipit\s & mo/ dang]\s place4 ,b :o add$ ! #8v]ses' ,i d n "k4 ,i h quot$ x f a mo/ anci5t codex1 :]e x is set to mod]n notes40 ,he !n proce$s to give x 9 ! ord9>y =m4 ,x is1 z he says1 a prose1 & mu/ be di/+ui%$ f v]ses ( regul> metre3 8,m$ia vita 9 morte sumus1 quem qua]imus adjutorem1 nisi te1 ,dom9e1 qui pro peccatis no/ris ju/e irasc]is40 ,?us f> ,notk]4 ,!n occur ! 8v]ses0 9 ?ree /anzas3 8,ah homo1 p]p5de fragilis1 ,mortalis1 et in/abilis1 ,quod vit>e non pot]is ,mortem1 quocunque i]is4 ,auf]t te1 saepissime1 ,dum vivis lib5tissime4 ,sancte deus4 8,vae calamitas in$iae1 ,v]mis fremit invidiae1 ,dum audit fl5tem animam ,mortalis esse ut9am6 ,nec ,*ri/i fati gladius1 ,transiret1 et non alius1 ,sancte =tis4 8,heu nil valet nobilitas ,neque s$is sublimitas1 ,nil g5]is pot5tia1 ,nil r]um afflu5tia1 ,plus pura consci5tia ,valet mundi sci5tia4 ,sancte et mis]icors ,salvator1 ,am>ae morti ne tradas nos40 ,x is p]fectly pla91 !n1 t ?is 8?ird sequ5ce0--! ,m$ia vita be+ ! second--is d]iv$ f ! 8v]ses0 ^: au?or%ip ,canisius _c discov]1 & ! date ( :i* _c be f> f ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,b :5 we imag9e ! good monk wat*+ ! workm5 f ! br9k ( ! ,golda*1 :i* hurries d[n ?r\gh ,/4 ,gall t[>d ! ,bod5-,see1 we c br+ to m9d ! :ole picture4 ,! pres5t bridge is "o hundr$ & sixte5 feet long & fully "o hundr$ 9 height f ! swift little /ream4 ,x is ( wood1 & 0 con/ruct$ 9 #adfh4 ,"h1 dizzily balanc+ 9 mid-air1 tradition says t a man1 ev5 z ,notk] gaz$1 lo/ 8 foot+ & plung$ into ! abyss4 ,! et]nities came toge!r6 ,a sp>k f ! inf9ite k9dl$ )9 ! poet's s\l4 ,heav5 f on high beheld ?is s+le life sudd5ly hurl$ to ru94 ,e>? f b5ea? rea*$ up & seiz$ ^u ! ?+ ( e>?4 ,& ?us x 0 ) u e mom5t6 ,9 ! mid/ ( life we 7 9 dea?1 & f none c\ld we seek = help save f ,god alone--t ,god1 displeas$ at s9n]s1 :o is ! s9n]'s only hope6 ,/&+ once be=e ! graves at ,gettysburg1 ! tall gaunt figure ( ,abraham ,l9coln paus$ ^u su* an et]nal edge4 ,8 s\l took 9 at "o sweep ! h]oic pa/ & ! hi/oric future4 ,& ^? words :i* came1 s m5 assure u1 almo/ )\t prem$itation f 8 lips are ! noble/ utt]ance ( our "t4 ,t compact1 t]se1 brief expression is ! ess5ce ( national /r5g?4 ,! phrases are vivid ) a sup]natural brightness3 8,gov]nm5t ( ! p1 = ! p1 by ! p mu/ n p]i% f ! e>?40 ,x 0 s ) ,notk]2 & n[1 :]ev] t beautiful s]vice is utt]$ above ! dead1 ! =gott5 monk ( ,/4 ,gall speaks ) a voice :i* t\*es unalt]+ humanity1 & utt]s t grave1 great ?\ght1 preci\sly protect$ 9 its small casket ( language1 t dea? is b5ea? & ,god is above1 & t all our hope mu/ come f ,him6 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,walafrid ,,/rabo4 ,among ! pupils ( ,rabanus ,maurus 0 a boy afflict$ ) /rabismus4 ,he 0 cross-ey$1 or crook$-ey$ 9 "s mann]1 & ?is fix$ ^u him ! "n ( ,/rabo ! 8squ9t]40 ,l _m ano!r monk 9 t age1 he has s sunk himself into 8 s]vice z to h become a man )\t a c\ntry & almo/ )\t p>5tage4 ,"s !re=e cont5d t he 0 an ,anglo-,saxon1 once a monk 9 ,london & aft]w>d educat$ at ,/4 ,gall1 ,rei*5au1 & ,fulda4 ,an obscure tradition ev5 makes him a relative ( ! ,v5]able ,b$e4 ,ano!r /ory assigns him to ,haymo's family4 ,n[1 ,haymo 0 a monk ( ,fulda ab\t #hej1 a man ( v lib]al op9ions1 le>n$1 & truly ca?olic1 especially 9 8 d5ial ( ! univ]sal au?ority ( ! ,pope & ! doctr9e ( transub/antiation4 ,x is some?+ ( an honor to h be5 ?is man's bro!r1 & x is no discr$it to h be5 relat$ to ,b$e4 ,at any rate ^! guesses--= !y are little else--s]ve to %[ u ! repute 9 :i* ,walafrid ,/rabo 0 held4 ,m accurate inve/igation reveals a s5t5ce 9 ! preface to ! life ( ,/4 ,gall :i* seems conclusive4 ,9 x ,walafrid speaks ( 8u ,g]mans or ,suabians40 ,suabia is ?us designat$ z 8 bir?place1 & we f9d 8 "n among ! li/ ( ^? s*ol>s :o did cr$it to _! tea*] ,rabanus4 ,8 p]iod is ! middle ( ! n9? c5tury1 = 9 #hdb he became ,abbot ( ,rei*5au 9 ! diocese ( ,con/ance1 & he di$ 9 #hdi4 ,dates l ^! are n h>d to v]ify1 = we h _m *ronicles & records 9 :i* ! ,d>k ,ages laid ! f\ndations ( au!ntic hi/ory4 ,"h lie away 9 _! n>r[ ni*es ( brief ref]5ce _m illu/ri\s p4 ,& ! "w ( ! hymnologi/ consi/s (t5 en\gh 9 ! same sort ( rese>* z secul> hi/ory dem&s4 ,n[ & !n on ! dead brea/ !re is a little )]$ fl[] ready to crumble into du/4 ,t curi\s1 pe]+ ,tri!mius--to :om we are indebt$ = su* labori\s inquiries conc]n+ ! m5 ( ?is "t--ma9ta9s t ,walafrid 0 8rector0 ( ! s*ool 9 ! mona/]y ( ,hirs*feld4 ,if ?is be s x only confirms :at we note aga9 & aga91 t ,alcu9 & ,rabanus 7 ! real in/igators ( ,g]man s*ol>%ip4 ,& ! "w f :i* we %all pres5tly quote becomes m int]e/+ to u = ?is reason4 ,walafrid left a long catalogue ( works beh9d him4 ,he wrote a valuable antiqu>ian treatise on ! div9e (fices & usages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,besides1 he is accr$it$ z ! au?or ( ! lives ( ,/4 ,gall1 ,/4 ,o?m>1 ,/4 ,blai?mac1 ,/4 ,mamma1 & ,/4 ,leudeg>is4 ,he also compos$ v>i\s poems2 a preface to ! ,life ( ,ludwig ! ,pi\s1 & a cond5sation ( ,rabanus ,maurus's ,comm5t>y on ,leviticus4 ,he compil$ ! fam\s ,glossa ,ord9>ia1 :i* rema9$ ! /&>d comm5t>y on ! ,bible ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages4 ,he began ! annals ( ,fulda1 :i* h s9ce be5 cont9u$ by compet5t h&s1 notably ^? ( ,*ri/oph] ,br[]4 ,he has be5 call$ a 8pretty good poet = 8 age0--by :i* is meant t !re 0 a scanty supply ( poetry 9 ! n9? c5tury--a fact :i* no "o is compet5t to dispute4 ,x goes )\t say+ t 8 life 0 ! life ( an ecclesia/1 re/rict$ to a ,*9ese m9ut5ess ( ritual1 & p]mitt+ only su* visits & j\rneys z religi\s bus9ess ju/ifi$4 ,8 dea? occurr$ on "o ( ^! infrequ5t exp$itions4 ,x 0 9 ,france1 :i!r he _h gone--z we are expressly told--9 ord] to ha/5 "s ecclesia/ical affair4 ,^! are ! meagre & un5t]ta9+ facts connect$ ) ! "n ( ,walafrid ,/rabo4 ,he w\ld n h des]v$1 nor w\ld he h receiv$ our notice if two ( 8 hymns 7! ,laudem beatae m>tyris & ! ,gloriam nato cec9]e7 _h n be5 pres]v$4 ,^! entitle him to m5tion1 & he promptly rises to g5u9e importance if we c agree ) ,kelln] 7see ,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,janu>y1 #ahhc1 p4 #aed71 t a rec5tly discov]$ 8di>y0 is f 8 p54 ,x is probable t1 :e!r x be au!ntic or n1 x is /rictly accurate 9 its relation ( ! /udies pursu$ 9 ^? s*ools4 ,& if we assume x to be cr$ible we c revise our dates to correspond4 ,?us 8 s*ool life began 9 #haf1 & aft] its close he w5t to ,fulda1 !nce to return to 8 old mona/]y 9 #hdb z its abbot4 ,^! dates are af=d$ by ! docum5t itself1 :i* 0 orig9ally publi%$ 9 #aheg1 z a "p ( ! educational report ( ! ,b5$ict9e s*ool ( ,/4 ,m>ia ( ,e9si$eln 9 ,switz]l&4 ,x appe>s to me t its tone & composition are n su* z to ju/ify ! value :i* ,kelln] sets ^u x4 ,walafrid's "n 0 a conv5i5t "o1 & ?is is d\btless no m nor less ?an a clev] hi/orical romance4 ,b x has be5 compos$ 9 ! v neighborhood ( ! sc5es x depicts1 & ! advantages ( all ! anci5t ,,mss4 & traditions h be5 incalculably great4 ,! n>rative is introduc$ by a mod]n preface :i* speaks ( ,/4 ,me9rad1 ! f\nd] ( ,e9si$eln1 z a contempor>y ( ,walafrid4 ,!n we h a /atem5t :i* t]sely exhibits ! plan & purpose ( ! /ory3 8,9 ! d>k h\r :5 ! ,roman imp]ial ?rone collaps$ on :i* ,!odoric ! ,go? _h j seat$ 8 tea*] ,avitus1 ,manlius ,boe?ius committ$ 8 spiritual weal? to ! ,go? ,cassiodorus1 :o transmitt$ x to ! sons ( ,/4 ,b5$ict10 etc4 8,! se$ ( ,*ri/ian in/ruction _h be5 inh]it$ by ! sons ( ,/4 ,b5$ict f ! age ( m>tyrs & holy fa!rs4 ,great sem9>ies 7 op5$ at ,fulda1 ,weiss5b]g 9 ! bi%opric ( ,spey]1 ,/4 ,alban 9 ,ma9z1 ,/4 ,gall1 ,rei*5au 9 ! bi%opric ( ,con/ance1 ,/4 ,maxim91 & ,/4 ,mat?ias 9 ,tri]1 etc4 ,to ^! e/abli%m5ts ! sons ( ! nobility resort$1 :ile ! ,b5$ict9es 7 _! tea*]s & fa!rs4 ,:oev] saw "o ( ^! s*ools saw !m all z to ev]y?+ ess5tial4 ,accord+ly1 x is our purpose to describe "o ( !m--namely1 ! s*ool ( ,rei*5au1 f :i* came ! f\nd] ( ,e9si$eln1 ,/4 ,me9rad1 & ,walafrid ,/rabo1 :o 0 8 s*oolmate 9 ,rei*5au1 & :o1 f\r ye>s aft] him1 assum$ ! ,b5$ict9e dress40 ,!n foll[s an assurance to ! 8intellig5t read]0 t ?is acc\nt 8is n m]e poetry10 b is 8su/a9$ by au?oritative docum5ts10 among :i* are nam$ ! writ+s ( ,walafrid himself1 ( ,b$e1 ,alcu91 ,rabanus1 & ! collections ( ,pez1 ,metzl]1 & o!rs4 ,x is pla91 !n1 t ,kelln] has be5 misl$1 & t ,pr(essor ,j4 ,d4 ,butl]1 ( ,madison1 ,wis41 :o has made ?is clev] translation f ! ,g]man1 has be5 likewise deceiv$4 ,yet ! hi/orical importance ( ! 8di>y0 rema9s1 & ! writ+s ( ,alcu91 ,b$e1 & ,rabanus1 ) ^? ( ,walafrid1 give ! orig9al p>ticul>s & c be cit$ 9 pro(4 ,pr(essor ,butl] adds a few pleasant details ab\t ,rei*5au4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #gbd1 e>li] ?an any neighbor+ conv5t except ,/4 ,gall4 ,x is on an isl& 9 ! ,lake ( ,con/ance1 ^: lake-girt limits are ab\t two miles by ?ree4 ,x became s ri* t x acquir$ _m o!r prop]ties1 & its abbot c\ld j\rney to ,rome & nev] sleep a night outside ( 8 own doma94 ,! old t[]1 built by ,h5ry ! ,black1 is /ill /&+1 & among ! *]i%$ relics ( ! abbey is a piece ( gre5 glass weigh+ tw5ty-eight p\nds giv5 by ,*>lemagne1 :o ?\ght x to be an em]ald4 ,!re is also a supposititi\s wat]-pot f ,cana ( ,galilee1 :i* evid5tly came f ,pale/9e & %[s ! m$iaeval int]c\rse ) ! ,holy ,l&4 ,! rev5ues ( ! abbey 7 n seque/rat$ until ! ye> #agii4 ,su* is a brief sket* ( ?is religi\s h\se :i* we %all aga9 enc\nt] 9 ! /ory ( ,h]mannus ,contractus4 ,walafrid's n>rative beg9s ) ! ye> #hae4 ,he saw ! va/ build+s ) surprise & 0 greet$ by a ?rong ( future s*oolmates4 ,8 tea*] _h sev]al boys "u 8 c>e to tea* !m to read4 ,?is he did by ! help ( a wax tablet--! old ,roman me?od4 ,! lett]s 7 scrat*$ on ! wax & eras$ by ! blunt end ( ! po9t$ 8/yle40 ,along ) ?is elem5t>y "w came ,lat91 toge!r ) a ,g]man prim]--9 bo? ( :i* ! boys 7 expect$ to read4 ,at h>ve/ "t !re 0 a %ort vacation4 ,! boys rambl$ ?r\gh ! fields & pick$ fruit & enjoy$ !mselves g5]ally4 ,! second ye>'s "w 0 ! le>n+ ( conv]sational ,lat94 ,?is 0 ! language ( daily int]c\rse & 0 employ$ to express all wants4 ,! gramm> ( ,donatus 0 /udi$ "u a pupil-tea*]1 & ! cases & t5ses 7 rigidly committ$ to memory4 ,! rod 0 ! p5alty = misbehavior4 ,g]man phrases 7 translat$ into ,lat9 & "s portion ( biblical hi/ory 0 repeat$ to ! s*ol>s at night1 :i* !y 7 oblig$ to tell aga9 9 ! morn+4 ,!n foll[s a description ( ! d$ication ( ! m9/] & ( ! solemn effect ( ! great ,high ,mass1 at :i* "t ,walafrid resolves to become a monk4 ,! ye> #hag 0 occupi$ ) gramm> & or?ography1 & ! use ( ,lat9 0 compulsory4 ,hi!rto !re _h be5 a trifle ( laxity & a few lapses into ,g]man 7 =giv54 ,n[ !re 0 no exception to s*ol>s ( ?is advancem5t4 ,!y wrote f dictation ^u _! tablets1 & ! ,psalt] 0 9 ?is mann] transcrib$ & memoriz$4 ,! f\r? ye> 7#hah7 0 signaliz$ by ! plant+ ( ! fir/ grape-v9e on ! isl&4 ,d\btless ! fact itself is au!ntic1 & is "h introduc$ ow+ to its date4 ,& 9 ?is ye> ! s*ol>s attack prosody4 ,!y /udy ,alcu9 7:o wrote _m v]ses71 & ! di/i*s ( ,cato1 & ,b$e's ,de ,arte ,metrica4 ,! e>li] ,*ri/ian poets--,prosp] & ,juv5cus & ,s$ulius--are m5tion$4 ,x is /range t ! au?or does n "n ,prud5tius1 :o 0 f> m ( a classic ?an any or all ( ^! ?ree4 ,b x is q correct to m5tion ,virgil z a p]mitt$ book1 & ! ex]cises 9 poetry 9 :i* all 7 engag$4 ,9 #hai1 ! fif? ye>1 ! boys became pupil-tea*]s !mselves4 ,!y 7 fur!r in/ruct$ 9 rhetoric1 ) illu/rations f ! ,bible to be p>allel$ f ,/atius & ,lucan1 ^: works !y 7 /udy+4 ,o!r s*ol>s aga9 7 set to "w z scribes & copyi/s4 ,! amusem5ts 7 ! runn+ ( foot-races1 qu>t]-/aff play+1 & 8dice10 by :i* we are probably to und]/& ! v anci5t game ( backgammon4 ,& aga91 x is /range t no m5tion is made ( ! games ( ball1 :i* 7 decid$ly common 9 ^? days4 ,! ye> #hbj is consum$ ) rhetoric--) ,cic]o1 ,qu9tilian1 & ! hi/ories ( ,b$e1 ,eusebius1 ,j]ome1 & o!rs4 ,! classic au?ors 7 ,sallu/ & ,livy1 ) ,virgil & 7at la/7 ,prud5tius & ,=tunatus4 ,9 #hba comes ,boe?ius1 att5d$ by m ( ,cassiodorus1 & ! pleasant pa/ime ( 8dialectics10 or debat+4 ,9 ^! debates ! en?usiasm 0 k9dl$ = future controv]sies4 ,& 9 o!r l9es--z1 = example1 9 /udies ( ! curr5t legal codes1 ( ! ,salic & ,ripu>ian ,franks & ,lomb>ds--^? :o 7 to be rul]s 7 dilig5tly tra9$4 ,"h 7= ?is is ! exact acc\nt ( t anci5t in/ruction7 we see h[ ! ,*ur* held sway ov] h] =m] pupils1 & h[ ! pupils became by & by ! expon5ts ( religi\s op9ions & subs]vi5t to ecclesia/ical decrees4 ,) #hbb we h m5tion ( rhetoric & logic1 ) oral & writt5 ex]cises1 & 9 #hbc ! s*ol>s took up & pursu$ ! /udies ( geometry & geography accord+ to ! light ( t p]iod4 ,!n came music ) ! v>i\s in/rum5ts1 z organ1 h>p1 flute1 or trombone4 ,f9ally1 ,walafrid is suppos$ to record 8 initiation into ! read+ ( ,greek4 ,f ! ,,ms4 ( ,hom] ! boys 7 in/ruct$1 & ! acc\nt closes abruptly ) a ref]5ce to ! /udy ( a/ronomy4 ,subsequ5t to ?is ye>1 #hbe1 ,walafrid is believ$ to h pass$ consid]able "t at ,fulda ) ,rabanus ,maurus4 ,^! 7 ! ideas & educational me?ods ( t p]iod4 ,outside ( ! mona/]ies & abbeys !re 0 no?+ t w5t on 9 ! way ( le>n+4 ,x ne$$ special e/abli%m5ts1 ) great weal?1 ! protection ( k+s & nobles1 & ! indef9able t]rors ( religi\s au?ority to p]petuate s*ol>%ip4 ,we may despise1 z "s writ]s freely d despise1 ! bigotry & intol]ance :i* oblit]at$ f9e manuscripts ( ! classics to make room = monki% trifles4 ,b we _c fail to discov] ! g]ms ( ! new poetry ( ! ,*ur* 9 ^! unpromis+ times4 ,=tunatus & ,prud5tius 7 no bad preceptors aft] all4 ,& ev5 if ,walafrid ,/rabo 0 n mu* ( a poet1 he has s]v$ our occasion z a pupil :5 he might n h ga9$ notice z a writ] ( hymns4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,h]mannus ,,contractus ,,& ,,! 8,,v5i ,,sancte ,,spiritus40 ,"o ( ! surprises ( hi/ory is ! long-delay$ honor :i* comes to ! mode/ & ! meek4 ,! notable & prom95t attract to !mselves mu* ( ! repute ( any age4 ,!y ev5 ga9 ! cr$it ( a*ievem5ts to :i* !y nev] put a f+]4 ,b by & by ! 8:irligig ( "t br+s 9 8 rev5ges10 & !y t 7 la/ become fir/4 ,?\ghts l ^! are sure to come to u :5 we enc\nt] su* a "n z ?is ( ! poor cripple ( ,rei*5au4 ,:atev] fame he _h 9 8 own day gradually disappe>$ & he has be5 only a %ad[y figure = _m ye>s4 ,x is true t ,ers* & ,grub]1 9 _! great encyclopa$ia1 say ( him t he is 8"o ( ! mo/ m]itori\s m5 ( ! elev5? c5tury40 ,x is also true t ,uss]mann--himself an almo/ =gott5 au?ority--has labor$ to give ,h]mann 8 prop] me$ ( praise2 & t ! ,b5$ict9es h pati5tly collat$ _m little p>ticul>s conc]n+ him4 ,yet he /ill rema9s lock$ up 9 ,lat9 or 9 ,g]man or 9 ,fr5*2 & ,engli% read]s c be p>don$ = be+ utt]ly ignorant ( him & ( 8 works4 ,?is man m]its no small %>e ( our notice4 ,he came ( good blood1 = 8 fa!r 0 ! ,c\nt ( ,vhr+5 9 ,suabia4 ,he trac$ 8 k9%ip to ! fam\s ,/4 ,udalric1 ^: si/]1 nam$ ,leutg>de1 is m5tion$ 7#iga7 9 ! sa9tly bi%op's pages4 ,h] son 0 ,reg9bald1 sla9 9 battle aga9/ ! ,hung>ians 9 #iee4 ,?is ,reg9bald _h a daught] ,b]?a1 :o m>ri$ ,wolfrad1 ,c\nt ( ,vhr+51 & di$ 9 #ajcb4 ,wolfrad1 dy+ 9 #ajaj1 _h a son ,wolfrad1 :o m>ri$ a lady nam$ ,hiltrude & became ! fa!r ( fifte5 *ildr5--"o ( :om 0 ,h]mann4 ,?is is ! simple/ =m ( a g5ealogy1 :i* ! le>n$ *ronicl] protracts 9 a m>vell\s mann]1 to ! great confusion ( ! mod]n m9d4 ,i h n c>$ to foll[ him into ! remot] aff9ities & alliances :i* add di/9ction to ! poor little p>alytic *ild1 :o at sev5 ye>s ( age 0 c>ri$ to ! great s*ool at ,/4 ,gall4 ,i h said t ,h]mann 0 a cripple4 ,he 0 s completely helpless1 inde$1 t he c\ld n move )\t assi/ance2 & 8 days & nights 7 full ( pa94 ,he 0 8hump-back$ & b[-brea/$1 crippl$ & lame40 7,gibosus ante et retro1 et contractus1 claudus4 ,p]tz3 ,monum5ta3 ,scriptores3 ,v41 #bfh47 ,b 8 m9d triumph$ ov] ^! infirmities4 ,a pa!tic leg5d conc]n+ him assures u t 9 ! visions ( ! night ! ,virg9 /ood be=e him1 radiant & beautiful4 ,z 9 ! old /ory ab\t ! *oice ( ,h]cules--:i* 0 probably ! orig9 ( ?is--%e (f]s him /r5g? ( body comb9$ ) ignorance & weakness ( m9d2 or wisdom & ability 9 a body :i* %\ld be defici5t & sickly to ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,?is 8second ,h]cules0--z ! *ronicl] admir+ly calls him--promptly *ose ! la/4 ,he _h be5 born 7= 8 ance/ral records & 8 own ,*ronicon help u to exactness7 on ,july #ah?1 #ajac4 ,he 0 admitt$ to s*ool1 probably1 ?\gh n c]ta9ly1 at ,/4 ,gall1 on ,septemb] #ae?1 #ajbj4 ,hi!rto 8 education _h be5 absolutely neglect$4 ,he c\ld n g ab\t alone nor ev5 speak intelligibly 7,annales ,augu/ani #ajdb-ee4 ,9 ,p]tz3 ,mon4 ,g]41 ,,vii41 #abf7 ow+ to 8 p>alysis4 ,b he _h a dev\r+ desire = k1 & rapidly ma/]$ ,lat91 ,greek1 ,arabic1 & 7probably7 ,hebrew1 s t he possess$ !m equally well ) 8 v]nacul> spee*4 ,! conv5t 0 ! only place = su* a poor little waif z he1 & ?us1 )9 ! le>n$ cloi/]s ( ,/4 ,gall1 he foll[$ rev]5tly ^u ! %9+ pa? ( ,notk] & ,tutilo & ,ratp]t & ,h>tmann1 & add$ 8 "n to !irs 9 ! developm5t ( ! sequ5ces & antiphons ( ! ,*ur*4 ,nor 0 ?is all4 ,he became an excell5t hi/orian1 a di/+ui%$ musician1 & a r5[n$ philosoph] & !ologian4 ,9 ma!matics he 0 equally skill$ & +5i\s4 ,he is consid]$ by "s to h inv5t$ ! a/rolabe1 ! fir/ in/rum5t by :i* ! height & di/ances ( />s 7 calculat$4 ,assur$ly he wrote an exhau/ive treatise ^u its use1 :e!r he orig9at$ x or n2 & x is said t he add$ to 8 sci5tific /udies ! mak+ ( clocks & wat*es4 ,he has left u essays ^u ! mono*ord1 on ! squ>+ ( ! circle1 on computation & physiognomy & metrical rules & a/ronomy4 ,^! are m>k$ by ! inf]ior atta9m5ts ( ! age1 z we might expect1 b !y display an am\nt ( orig9al rese>* = :i* we are unprep>$4 ,he 0 also an excell5t scribe1 & ! libr>y ( ,/4 ,gall /ill conta9s a copy ( a "w ascrib$ to ,anselm ( ,cant]bury writt5 by him 9 ! fulfilm5t ( a v[4 ,he resembl$ ! ,v5]able ,b$e 9 ! univ]sality ( 8 k1 &1 l ,alcu9 & ,rabanus ,maurus1 he is "o ( ! great tea*]s ( 8 "t4 ,always1 dur+ ^! d>k5+ ye>s1 !re appe>s to h be5 "s m9i/]+ prie/ 9 ! temple ( education--"s self-devot$1 ,god-fe>+ man1 :o pati5tly kept ! alt>-fire burn+1 & sp5t 8 life1 to ! utmo/ v]ge1 9 climb+ ^? alt>-/eps ) fre% fuel = ! flame4 ,we d n "k h[ mu* ( ?is "w 0 begun or complet$ dur+ 8 life at ,/4 ,gall4 ,we are able to say t he translat$ ,ari/otle's ,poetics & ,rhetoric f ! ,arabic language1 & ?is ( itself %\ld aw>d to him ! v highe/ r5[n4 ,x is impossible 9 a s+le s5t5ce to d ju/ice to ?is a*ievem5t & we mu/ take x m at l>ge4 ,! dictator ,sylla br\ght ! works ( ! great ,greek philosoph]1 toge!r ) 8 libr>y1 to ,rome1 9 ! ye> ,b4,c4 #adg4 ,?is 0 on ! capture ( ,a!ns1 & ^! writ+s 7 /ill comp>atively unkn[n 9 ,greece4 ,! philosophy ( ! ,p]ipatetic s*ool 01 ( c\rse1 famili> to _! c\ntrym52 b x 0 by & ?r\gh ! ,lat9 race & n ! ,greek1 t ! 8,ma/] ( ,syllogisms0 0 to become mo/ pot5t4 ,ari/otle's 0 ! controll+ sy/em ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,8 rules ( logic 7 imp]ative4 ,!y gov]n$ !ology1 & inde$ e o!r =m ( metaphysics4 ,!y re/ra9$ ) an iron grip ! exp&+ ideas ( m54 ,x 0 aga9/ ,ari/otle1 9 ! p]son ( ,william ( ,*ampeaux1 future ,bi%op ( ,*alons & f\nd] ( ! s*ool ( ,/4 ,victor1 t ,pet] ,abel>d laid 8 lance 9 re/4 ,ev5 to ! days ( ,dean ,swift ^! ideas bore sway1 & :5 t brilliant man s\ght 8 degree f ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 he 0 met by ! "q :e!r he reason$ accord+ to ,ari/otle4 ,& 8 reply1 t he did well en\gh 9 8 own fa%ion1 0 held to be little less ?an a!ism4 ,nor is ?is ! only comp>ison :i* might be aptly in/itut$ betwe5 ,swift & ,abel>d4 ,s ,ari/otle _h 8 au?ority & held 8 sceptre d[n almo/ to our own "t4 ,b at ! comm5cem5t 8 writ+s 7 ei!r us$ 9 ! ,greek language or 9 ! ,arabic4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury ! s*ools ( ! ,moors 9 ,spa9 7 ! true c5tre ( philosophy4 ,!y fir/ appli$ 8 tea*+s to !ology1 & to ^! s*ools resort$ _m s*ol>s f o!r p>ts ( ! cont95t4 ,b su* translations z ^! travell+ /ud5ts br\ght home 7 probably ( a sort to make intricacy & subtlety m intricate & subtle4 ,a fog _h ga!r$ ov] ,europe1 & ! ,d>k ,ages are inde$ no my?4 ,!re 7 few po9ts ( light any:]e1 & among ^! few 7 ! bright spots call$ ,/4 ,gall & ,rei*5au4 ,*>les ,j\rda9 ass]ts t only a "p ( ,ari/otle 0 kn[n be=e #abjj ,a4,d41 & t ?is 0 ?r\gh ! translation ( ,boe?ius4 7,see ,ueb]weg3 ,hi/4 ,philos41 ,i41 #cfg47 ,s t if ,h]mannus ,contractus translat$ ,ari/otle at s e>ly a date1 x %[s t 8 r5d]+ 0 9 advance ( mo/1 if n ( ne>ly all ^? :i* 7 us$ 9 ! ,we/]n s*ools4 ,he _h a bro!r1 or uncle1 ,manegold1 :o di$ 9 ,pale/9e4 ,he _h ano!r bro!r ,w]n]1 :o aft]w>d became a legate to ,gregory ,,vii4 7,hildebr&7 9 ! fi]ce /ruggle betwe5 ,pope & ,emp]or 9 #ajgg4 ,& he 0 fur!r well plac$ bo? by 8 family connections & 8 situation at a c5tre ( le>n+1 to secure ! be/ manuscripts & ! be/ ,arabic in/ruction4 7,see an elaborate diss]tation 9 ,wegel93 ,!s4 ,r]um ,suevic>um1 ,,ii41 p4 #abj47 ,x ev9ces decid$ wisdom & toil on 8 "p to h und]tak5 & complet$ ?is translation2 & !re is no d\bt t ! humble p>alytic f 8 b$ ( suff]+ influ5c$ mat]ially ! s*ola/ic movem5ts ( ! com+ c5turies4 ,c\ld he h se5 ! sw>m+ ?\s&s :o built ! abbey ( ! ,p>aclete2 c\ld he h witness$ 9 vision ! upris+ ( su* s*ools z ,/4 ,victor 9 ,france & ,ox=d 9 ,engl&2 c\ld he h he>d ,rog] ,bacon confess 8 indebt$ness to ^? pages2 c\ld he h =ese5 ! inf9ite consequ5ces bo? to ! pres]vation & ! h9drance ( human ?\ght1 ) :at /range zeal he w\ld h trac$ ea* pa9ful l9e6 ,b he c\ld n "k x4 ,he _h remov$ at ?irty ye>s ( age to 8 p]petual celibacy at ,rei*5au--,augia ! ,ri*1 z x is call$ 9 ! ,lat9 tongue4 ,x is built on an isl& 9 ! we/]n arm ( ! ,lake ( ,con/ance4 ,& !re1 ) great m\nta9s to gaze ^u & fair wat]s to cat* = him ! rosy light ( ev5+2 ) ! bre?r5 ( ! conv5t labor+ *e]fully 9 _! fields or toil+ 9 _! cells1 ,h]mann ( ,vhr+51 ,h]mann ( ,rei*5au1 ,h]mannus ,contractus1 ,h]mann d] ,gebre*li*e1 ,h]mann ! ,cripple1 sp5t 8 unev5tful life4 ,"h he wrote ! leg5ds ( "s ( ! sa9ts1 & "h he prep>$ 8 valuable comp5dium ( univ]sal hi/ory4 ,he calls x a ,*ronicon1 & cond5s$ into its records ! /ory ( ! _w f ,a4,d4 #a to ! ye> #ajed1 ! date ( 8 own dea?4 ,x is v brief ?r\gh ! fir/ portion ( its acc\nt ( 8! ,six ,ages40 ,!n its /atem5ts are full]4 ,:5 x rea*es contemporane\s ev5ts x becomes exce$+ly important to ! hi/orical /ud5t1 = x is 9 ! nature ( a *ronicle4 ,"h also ! man's own p]sonality occasionally appe>s4 ,he speaks ( ,rei*5au z ,augia no/ra & m5tions ! basilica :i* ,h5ry ,,iii4 78! ,black07 has erect$ to 8our patron1 ,/4 ,m>k ! ,evangeli/40 ,?is e/abli%es ! fact t ,rei*5au 0 8 true resid5ce1 & gives u ! /&po9t ( ! little isle 9 ,lake f :i* to look out across ! d>k-gre5 & sometimes /ormy wat]s ^u ! confusions ( ! "t4 ,^! 7 ! days :5 ! ,truce ( ,god 7#ajda ,a4,d47 0 necess>y 9 ord] to prev5t ! bloody feuds ( ! b>ons dur+ ,adv5t1 ,l5t1 & f ,w$nesday ev5+ ( ea* week until ! foll[+ ,monday morn+4 ,yet amid all ^! conflicts ,h]mann ! ,p>alytic rema9$ secure1 gu>d$ by religion & surr\nd$ by ! peaceful lake4 ,& l t lake ! ,rh9e /ream ( secul> affairs fl[$ always ?r\gh 8 life cle> & undi/urb$4 ,x is dur+ ^! clos+ sc5es t a t\*+ entry is made 9 ! pages ( ! ,*ronicon4 ,"u ! ye> #ajeb ! crippl$ h& sl[ly traces ^! words3 8,at ! same "t1 on ,janu>y #i?1 my "m ,hiltrude1 ! wife ( ! ,c\nt ,wolfrad1 a pi\s1 meek1 g5]\s1 & religi\s woman1 & "o :o 0 z devot$ to & happy 9 h] husb& & h] sev5 surviv+ *ildr5 z any p]son c\ld be1 clos$ ! la/ day ( h] life 9 ab\t ! sixty-fir/ ye> ( h] age & ! =ty-f\r? ( h] m>riage1 & 0 buri$ at ! ,villa ( ,alt%aus51 9 a sepul*re "u ! *apel ( ,/4 ,udalric :i* %e _h h]self con/ruct$40 ,& !n foll[s a brief poem 9 :i* ! m]its & ! love ( ?is de> "m are affectionately told4 ,h]mann1 on ! be/ ( te/imony1 0 a p]son ( j ?is amiable & beautiful _s4 ,he is call$ hil>issimus1 z if to %[ 8 great *e]fulness4 ,he 0 always a /rict veget>ian 9 8 diet4 ,he hat$ inju/ice2 scorn$ e sort ( vice--& ,heav5 alone kn[s h[ mu* !re !n 0 ( nameless wick$ness6--& f9ally1 he 0 ?or\ghly free f all envy & malice4 ,x is a curi\s te/imony to 8 bread? ( m9d t "o ( 8 biograph]s says ( him 7quot+ ! old adage71 t he reg>d$ no?+ human z ali5 to 8 se>*4 ,he pres]v$ ?is calmness & sweetness ( temp] to ! f>!/ limit ( 8 days4 ,n long be=e he di$ he said to 8 fai?ful fri5d1 ,b]?old ( ,con/ance1 8,d n1 ,i say1 d n ask me ab\t ?is2 b r att5d to :at ,i w tell y1 = 9 y ,i d n a little confide4 ,i %all die d\btless 9 a v %ort "t4 ,i %all n live4 ,i %all n get well40 ,he add$ t he 0 s 8seiz$ ) an ineffable desire & delight t[>d t intransitory _w & t et]nal & immortal life10 t all ?+s ( ?is pass+ exi/5ce seem$ empty & va9 & dropp$ l motes 7flocci7 f him1 9 ! brea? ( t heav5ly air4 ,& !n he proce$$ to detail a vision 9 :i* he fanci$ himself read+ & r]ead+ ! ,hort5sius ( ,cic]o4 ,8 m9d 0 cle>2 8 hopes = religion & = education 7 high2 b all 0 n[ ov] & he mu/ dep>t4 ,!re=e he quietly & pa!tically ends by say+1 8,ta$et quidem me viv]e0--inde$ x is we>isome to me to live4 ,& ?us1 on ,septemb] #bd?1 #ajed1 he ceas$ f e>?--9 8 =ty-second ye>1 & hav+ c>ri$ ! /ory ( ! _w d[n to ! end ( 8 own c>e]4 ,b 8 works foll[ him4 ,i d mo/ firmly believe him--& n ,rob]t ! ,second--to h be5 ! au?or ( ! ,v5i ,sancte ,spiritus4 ,! fir/ p]son to attribute ?is hymn to ! ,k+ ( ,france is ,dur&1 7,rationale ,div9orum ,(ficiorum1 ,lib4 ,,iv47 ,8 book treats ( c]emonial obs]vances & is among ! r>e/ ( pr9t$ volumes4 ,! spl5did copy ^u vellum 9 ! ,a/or ,libr>y is n only beautiful 9 itself1 b x is extremely valuable z ! ?ird specim5 ( typography 9 exi/5ce4 ,only two works--"o ( !m ! ,bible & ano!r ! ,psalt] ( ,ma9z--_h be5 previ\sly pr9t$ f movable types4 ,i h p]sonally v]ifi$ ! ref]5ce & its ,engli% r5d]+ is z foll[s3 8,notk]1 ,abbot ( ,/4 ,gall1 9 ,g]many1 fir/ compos$ sequ5ces ) notes ( 8 own 9 ! ,alleluia4 ,& ,ni*olaus ! ,pope ,ni*olas ,,ii41 #ajei-ajfa grant$ t !y %\ld be sung at masses4 ,b ,h]mannus ,contractus1 a ,g]man1 inv5tor ( ! a/rolabe1 compos$ ^! sequ5ces3 ,rex omnipot5s & ,sancti ,spiritus & ,ave ,m>ia & ! antiphons ,alma r$emptoris mat] & ,simon ,b>jona4 ,pet]1 ,bi%op ( ,compo/ella1 made ! ,salve reg9a4 ,& ! ,k+ ( ,france1 ,rob]t by "n1 compos$ ! sequ5ce1 ,v5i ,sancte ,spiritus & ! hymn ,*orus novae ,hi]usalem40 ,x is h>d to cr[d into a p>agraph m errors ?an are 9 ?is4 ,notk] 0 n ,abbot ( ,/4 ,gall4 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 0 v sev]e ^u ,udalric ( ,/4 ,gall1 because su* a spiritual & able man _h liv$ & di$ unhonor$ among !m2 a simple monk ^: labors & dea? receiv$ no special att5tion 9 _! religi\s ye>4 ,nor did ,h]mann write ! ,sancti ,spiritus adsit2 = ?is1 on ! be/ ( te/imony1 0 ,notk]'s4 ,x 0 s sung at ,rome "u ,innoc5t ,,iii42 & ,ekkeh>d ! ,y\ng]1 9 8 hi/ory ( ,notk]1 po9t$ly claims x = him4 ,x is v d\btful :e!r ,h]mann inv5t$ ! a/rolabe = measur+ ! di/ances ( />s4 ,8 two treatises are ^u its use1 & he is evid5tly v famili> ) x4 ,b x 0 fir/ made s]viceable 9 navigation by ! ,portuguese--if we are to believe ,evelyn 79 8 ,navigation7--& ! /udy ( a/ronomy 0 greatly cultivat$ by ! ,arabic s*ools 9 ,spa9 & else:]e ab\t ?is p]iod4 ,j4 ,a4 ,fabricius inde$ m5tions t ! a/rolabe 0 8commonly employ$ 9 ! days ( ,ptolemy40 ,! ,ave ,m>ia is suppos$ by ,ko* to belong to ! ?irte5? c5tury & "s h ascrib$ x to ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor4 ,x is1 p]haps1 by ,h]ib]t ( ,ei*/ett9 7di$ #ajdb74 ,h]mann wrote ! ,ave praecl>a m>is /ella1 :i* might h be5 mi/ak5 = ?is o!r4 ,! ,salve reg9a is assign$ by ,dur& to ,pet] ( ,compo/ella4 ,g]b]t names sev]al possible au?ors1 b evid5tly foll[s ! lead]%ip ( ,dur&4 7,de ,cantu1 etc41 ,,ii41 #bg47 ,& yet ,tri!mius1 ) e really critical s*ol>1 cr$its x to ,h]mann4 ,x is exhau/ively consid]$ by ,wegel9 & def9itely conc$$ to him4 7,!s4 ,r]um ,suevic>um1 ,,ii41 p4 #abj ff47 ,rob]t ! ,second _c claim ! ,*orus novae ,hi]usalem4 ,x is ! production ( ,fulb]t ( ,*>tres 7di$ #ajbi71 & is includ$ )\t "q 9 e complete edition ( 8 works4 ,?us ! absolute au?ority ( ,dur& is mu* %ak54 ,he 0 a lawy] 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :o /udi$ at ,bologna & taught at ,mod5a2 a legate ( ,pope ,m>t9 ,,iv42 dean ( ! *ur* at ,*>tres1 & ,bi%op ( ,m5de4 ,! fact t he 0 dean ( ,*>tres1 & yet ascribes ! ,*orus ,novae1 n to ,fulb]t b to ,h]mannus1 is sugge/ive1 b n conv9c+4 ,s ,dur& 0 ! fir/ p]son to affix ! "n ( ,rob]t ,,ii4 to ! ,v5i ,sancte4 ,tri!mius comes next 9 ord]2 ! ,abbot ( ,spanheim2 hi/orian & s*ol>2 indefatigable 9 rese>*es1 b erratic & prejudic$2 born #adfb & dy+ #aeaf4 ,8 true "n is ,johann von ,tritt5heim & we d]ive ?is1 & o!r in=mation ab\t au?ors & _! works1 f 8 ,lib] de ,scriptoribus ,ecclesia/icis--a biographical diction>y l ^? ( ,j]ome1 ,g5nadius1 & ,isidore1 to ^: works he really furni%es an ,app5dix4 ,egon 7sometimes kn[n z ,ego7 9 8 acc\nt ( ,rei*5au's di/+ui%$ m5 7,de ,viris illu/ribus ,augiae divitis1 quot$ by ,pez3 ,!saurus ,anecdotorum1 ,i41 #c2 #fh4 ,cf4 ,migne1 #adc7 decl>es t ,tri!mius 0 8unju/ly ho/ile to ! monks ( ,rei*5au0 9 ass]t+ t 8our ,h]mannus0 0 f ,/4 ,gall1 :5 ev5 ,metzl] conc$$1 on behalf ( 8 own conv5t1 t ,h]mann _h *ang$ 8 resid5ce f ,/4 ,gall to ,rei*5au4 ,be ?is z x may1 ! positive /atem5t ( ,tri!mius1 :i* gives ! ,v5i ,sancte to ,rob]t ,,ii4 in/ead ( to ,h]mann1 has be5 g5]ally accept$4 ,c>d9al ,bona 7#afgg71 ,l\is ,ar*on 7#agjd-aa71 & o!rs agree ) him4 ,b !re is a break 9 ! cont9uity ( fai?4 ,cli*tove--an au?ority mu* e/eem$--expresses no op9ion ab\t ! au?or ( ! ,v5i ,sancte fur!r ?an to say quisquis is fu]it--:oev] he 04 ,ramba*1 9 8 ,an?ology1 comes n[ to ! rescue4 7,an?ologie1 ,i41 #bbg47 ,he says x is 8ganz un/reitig von ,rob]t20 & all ! ,g]man critics1 ) ! s+le exception ( ,daniel1 h foll[$ ?is au?ority bl9dly4 ,:atev] ! ,g]mans said has usually be5 en\gh = ! ,engli%4 ,!re=e ! ,v5i ,sancte is 9 e collection attribut$1 )\t a %ad[ ( d\bt1 to ,rob]t ! ,k+4 ,!re %\ld h be5 less positiv5ess ab\t ?is if ! accurate ,daniel _h be5 notic$ m c>efully4 ,he praises ! language ( ,cli*tove1 :o says t ! au?or1 8:oev] he 010 mu/ h be5 8inw>dly fill$ ) light10 & he italicizes ! quisquis is fu]it4 ,b z ,rob]t1 ) only ?ree o!rs1 appe>s to h escap$ ! wreck ( ! sequ5ces 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ev5 ,daniel all[s ! ,v5i ,sancte to him2 & ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* f9ds t 8!re exi/s no good reason :y we %\ld "q0 t ,rob]t wrote x4 ,we may dismiss any conjectures ab\t ,innoc5t ,,iii4 hav+ be5 its au?or1 al?\gh great ef=ts h be5 made to cr$it ?is hymn to 8 p54 ,dom ,remy ,celli] & ,migne seem ! mo/ /rongly p>tisan1 b _! rem>ks & ref]5ces are weak4 7,scriptores ,ecclesia/ici1 vol4 xiii41 p4 #aji1 note4 ,also ,patrologia1 #ada2 #ija47 ,a sample ( ! g5]al loos5ess ( citation c be f\nd 9 ,kehre9 7,no4 #abe71 :o ann\nces t ,g]b]t 8holds ,h]mannus ,contractus to be ! au?or0 ( ! ,v5i ,sancte4 ,g]b]t does no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,he names ,h]mann ) o!rs4 ,x is q true1 ?\gh1 t he does n "n ,rob]t4 ,sett+ aside ,innoc5t ,,iii4 = cause--al?\gh ,br&] ( ,/4 ,gall1 9 8 ,index ,sequ5ti>um1 grants ?is to him--! au?or%ip ( ! hymn re/s betwe5 ! k+ & ! monk4 ,i say 8= cause10 s9ce ,innoc5t 0 at ! summit ( temporal p[]1 & 8 position 0 a v tempt+ "o to po/hum\s flatt]y4 ,he is cr$it$ ) ! ,ave mundi spes ,m>iae4 ,he did n write ! ,/abat ,mat]1 nor did he compose ! ,v5i ,sancte4 ,let any "o exam9e ! ,ave mundi & he w r5\nce all hope t ! man :o prep>$ ?is c\ld ev] h writt5 ! o!rs1 or ei!r ( !m4 ,besides1 ,wrangham is likely to be correct :5 he assigns ?is latt] sequ5ce to ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor4 ,x is precisely 9 ,adam's /yle ( metrical composition2 x is n f\nd be=e ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & its tone is mod]n4 ,x c !re=e be said t ,innoc5t des]ves no place among ! ,lat9 hymn-writ]s4 ,n[1 ,rob]t ,,ii4 is mu* 9 ! same condition z ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,8 is a %9+ "n to :i* to affix popul> hymns4 ,he has be5 cr$it$ ) ! ,ave m>is /ella--! p>5t ( all hymns to ! ,virg94 ,! sequ5ce ,sancti ,spiritus adsit is n 81 on ! te/imony already adduc$2 b 9 ! ye> #aaaj ! 8anci5t cu/oms ( ,cluny10 collect$ by ,/4 ,udalric 7,h]mann's ance/or7 gives u ?is 8at ,p5teco/0 7,d',a*]y3 ,spicilegium1 ,i41 #fda71 ) ! 8response10 ,spiritus sanctus4 ,?is w\ld s]ve to %[ t su* praise to ! ,holy ,_s 0 usual4 ,) ! ,*orus ,novae we h already dealt4 ,& ! ,rex omnipot5s belongs to ,h]mann ?\gh x is ascrib$ to ,rob]t--ano!r in/ance ( inaccuracy1 :i* ca/s a ray ( light ^u ! pres5t problem4 ,^? sequ5ces ( :i* ,rob]t 0 ! possible au?or are pr9t$ 9 ,migne's ,patrologia 7#ada1 #iei ff474 ,only "o ( !m m]its a ^w ( notice4 ,x is ! ,te lucis auctor p]son5t4 ,daniel assigns ?is to ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury1 b ,mone & ,ko* to ! fif?4 ,^! la/ are probably "r4 ,x is e>ly f\nd 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ur* & is among ! old ,vatican ,,mss4 & ! hymns collect$ by ,g4 ,cass&]4 ,x is sc>cely possible t x comes d[n z late z ! elev5? c5tury4 ,rob]t's o!r sequ5ces are six 9 numb] & ( no importance4 ,8 p]sonal hi/ory is pa!tic en\gh4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,hugh ,capet2 born at ,orleans 9 #igj & di$ at ,melun1 ,july #bj?1 #ajca1 hav+ be5 sole k+ s9ce #iif1 ?\gh he _h be5 cr[n$ 9 #ihh4 ,8 fir/ wife 0 ,susanne1 an ,italian pr9cess2 & we le>n f 8 contempor>y1 ,ri*] ( ,rheims1 t "o ( 8 fir/ public acts 0 to repudiate h] on ! plea t %e 0 too old = him1 & t he refus$ to re/ore h] d[ry4 ,8 next m>riage 0 ) 8 di/ant c\s9 ,b]?a--a c\s9 f\r times remov$--! wid[ ( ! ,c\nt ( ,blois4 ,?is m>riage 0 inconv5i5t to ! ,emp]or ,o?o1 z x w\ld h br\ght ! ,h\se ( ,capet into ! l9e ( succession to c]ta9 lord%ips 9 ! old ,k+dom ( ,burgundy4 ,s ,pope ,gregory ,v41 ! k9sman ( ,o?o1 requir$ ,rob]t to give up ,b]?a1 n because ,susanne 0 /ill alive1 b because ! ,*ur* =bade ! m>riage ( c\s9s 9 ev5 ! f\r? degree4 ,at fir/ ,rob]t refus$1 b :5 8 k+dom 0 laid "u an int]dict1 he %[$ z little manhood 9 /&+ by 8 second wife z he _h %[n humanity & ju/ice to 8 fir/4 ,su* a ban 0 too sev]e to be borne & ! k+ yield$1 ?\gh ,b>onius says he tri$ to take back 8 wife ,b]?a 9 spite ( x all4 ,8 life & k+%ip belong to ,fr5* hi/ory1 & c be f\nd !re4 ,8 disposition 0 t ( a monk & n ( a mon>*4 ,he f\nd$ f\r mona/]ies & built sev5 *ur*es4 ,he support$ ?ree hundr$ paup]s entirely & a ?\s& 9 "p4 ,8 reign la/$--?anks to ecclesia/ical influ5ce--= ?irty-f\r ye>s4 ,x 0 tr\bl$ & n especially pleasant2 & = 8 ?ird wife ! k+ _h m>ri$ ! h&some %rew ,con/ance1 ! daught] ( ,william ,c\nt ( ,arles4 ,pi\s & excell5t man t he is reput$ to h be51 he _h a natural son1 ,amauri1 :o 0 great-great-gr&fa!r to ,simon de ,mont=t4 ,truly1 :5 all is said & done1 ,rob]t ,,ii4 is h>dly ! au?or 9 :om we w\ld l to believe ) all our he>ts :5 we s+-- 8,holy ,_s1 come & %9e ,sweetly 9 ?is he>t ( m9e40 ,p] contra1 ,h]mann ( ,rei*5au gr[s m int]e/+ ! m he is /udi$4 ,he has be5 s un=tunate z to be confus$ ) o!r p]sons 9 two or ?ree cases4 ,by ,br&] he is id5tifi$ ) ,h>tmann ( ,/4 ,gall1 & ! sequ5ce ,rex omnipot5s is tak5 f him4#h ,! pretty little sequ5ce1 ,v5i ,sancte ,spiritus et reple1 :i* ,knigsfeld ?9ks to be 81 is d\btless no e>li] ?an ! f\rte5? c5tury & by "s anonym\s compos] :o has m]ely imitat$ ! great ma/]s4 ,beside ! ,rex omnipot5s he compos$ ! ,ave praecl>a m>is /ella1 :]e 8 "n ga9s ano!r mispr9t & becomes 8,he9ricus1 mona*us ,san ,gall5sis40 ,?is poem 0 ?\ght wor?y ( ! au?or%ip ( ,alb]tus ,magnus 7,alb]t von ,reg5sburg71 & to him accord+ly ,wack]nagel & ,ko* cr$it x4 ,mone has v9dicat$ ! claim ( ,h]mann :i* is set =? 9 ,migne4 7,patrologia1 #adc2 #bj ff47 ,s t we are aga9 sure ( a piece :i* has be5 m]itori\s en\gh to be covet$4 ,!n comes ! antiphon ,simon ,b>jona1 :i* ,du ,m]il calls ,simon ,b>onia & ( :i* no trace rema9s4 ,two o!r sequ5ces are1 h[ev]1 extant1 & are beyond any "q or debate4 ,!y are ! ,salve reg9a1 :i* ,daniel calls a 8mo/ celebrat$ antiphon10 & ! ,alma r$emptoris mat]1 ! refra9 ( :i* ,*auc] us$ 9 t 8,prioress's ,tale10 :i* ,wordswor? has mod]niz$4 ,9 addition we mu/ obs]ve t ! ,v5i ,sancte is attribut$ to ,h]mann simultane\sly & by ! same au?ority z t :i* cr$its him ) ! o!r sequ5ces4 ,two pieces--,vox haec melos pangat & ,gratus honos hi]>*ia--are lo/4 ,b ! ,salve reg9a 0 wor? cont5d+ =2 & ,g]b]t names ,gregory ,,ii41 ,pet] ( ,compo/ella1 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 & 8,adhem>1 ,episcopus ,podi5sis0 7,bi%op ( ,puy & 8 own c&idate7 toge!r ) ,h]mannus ,contractus4 ,nev]!less1 ,tri!mius1 ,g]b]t1 &1 inde$1 ev]ybody are he>d to decl>e t ,h]mann 0 8! m>vel ( ! age10 ! be/ man ( 8 "t 9 music & ! au?or ( a "w on metrical rules4 ,he is kn[n z ,doctor ,egregius1 & x is beyond any p]adv5ture t he 0 capable ( writ+ ! ,v5i ,sancte4 ,! only argum5ts t are employ$ to prove t ,rob]t 0 ! au?or are v weak4 ,! fir/ is t !re 0 no suffici5t competitor4 ,b surely ,h]mannus ,contractus is n[ a competitor ( real m]it & importance4 ,!n1 too1 ! k+ 0 a k9d ( religi\s pet1 & su* p]sons receive m ?an _! due4 ,b ! second argum5t is weak] /ill4 ,x am\nts 9 brief to ! h>mony display$ 9 ! poem betwe5 ! k+'s life & 8 lovely v]ses4 ,x /rikes "o1 h[ev]1 t an invalid l ,h]mann might h _h fully z deep a religi\s exp]i5ce z any su* k+4 ,moreov]--& ?is is a vital fact--! ,v5i ,sancte is f\nd 9 ! ,g]man hymn>ies almo/ exclusively4 ,?is po9t 0 insi/$ ^u 9 ! controv]sy ab\t ! ,v5i1 ,creator2 & ,*>les ! ,great 9 ?is respect _h ! advantage ov] ,gregory ! ,great1 until ! claim ( ,rabanus ,maurus1 ano!r ,g]man1 0 ?or\ghly exam9$4 ,b among all ! s\rces c>efully edit$ by ,kehre9 f ,daniel1 ,mone1 & else:]e1 ! ,fr5* collections d n pres5t !mselves4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ?is elaborate li/ we f9d ,/4 ,gall1 ,kreuzl+51 ,freiburg1 ,k>lsruhe1 ,ma9z1 ,eb]sb]g1 ,rome 7#adha71 ,v5ice 7#adig71 ) lat] examples pr9t$ at ,cologne1 ,prague1 ,ei*/ett91 ,lubeck1 & ,basel4 ,br&] also f\nd ! hymn 9 ! e>lie/ codices ( ! ?ree great neighbor+ cloi/]s ( ,/4 ,gall1 ,e9si$eln1 & ,rei*5au4 ,mean:ile ! only notice ( x 9 ,france comes f ! ,p>is ,brevi>y1 :i* is ( rec5t date4 ,!re is b "o consid]ation fur!r4 ,i tru/ t ,i h e/abli%$ ! p]fect possibility t ,h]mannus ,contractus might h be5 ! au?or equally z well z ,rob]t4 ,! m5 liv$ 9 ! same p]iod to :i*1 on ! te/imony ( ! be/ critics1 ! hymn is consid]$ to belong4 ,!y 7 alike 9 possibilities ( ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce & ( musical & poetical temp]am5t4 ,b "h !y beg9 to div]ge2 & ! pref]5ce is decid$ly 9 favor ( ,h]mann1 ^: hymn is f\nd 9 ! ?ree olde/ codices ( 8 own neighborhood2 ( ,/4 ,gall1 :]e he /udi$2 ( ,e9si$eln1 :]e x is possible t he 0 a resid5t2 & ( ,rei*5au1 :]e he c]ta9ly liv$ f ! age ( ?irty until 8 dea?4 ,he c\ld sc>cely h gone ab\t v mu* 9 8 helpless & crippl$ condition2 & ^! ?ree conv5tual e/abli%m5ts are )9 a mod]ate di/ance ( ea* o!r4 ,f 8 sev5? ye> he 0 to be discov]$ always some:]e 9 t vic9ity1 & ! hi/orians ( ,/4 ,gall & ( ,rei*5au positively claim ! ,v5i ,sancte z 84 ,x is only left = u to lay ! ,salve reg9a side by side ) ! ,v5i ,sancte4 ,a man :o wrote ^u metre ought to possess "s excell5ce 9 ! art ( :i* he wrote1 & ^! pieces plac$ toge!r display a graceful & +5i\s v]sification :i* is n at all usual 9 t c5tury4 ,x is n claim$ t ei!r ,rob]t or ,h]mann wrote o!r hymns 9 ! id5tical /anza =m ( ! ,v5i ,sancte4 ,!re=e no?+ is available = direct comp>ison4 ,b z to ! _s ( ea* !re c be no debate4 ,rob]t nev] compos$ any?+ else l ! ,v5i ,sancte1 & x c]ta9ly seems z if ,h]mann did compose a sequ5ce :i* be>s a pass+ resemblance2 & :i* ,i h endeavor$ to translate ) its occasional rhymes & assonances3 ,salve reg9a1 mat] mis]icordiae ,vita1 dulc$o et spes no/ra1 salve4 ,ad te clamamus exules filii ,hevae4 ,ad te suspiramus gem5tes et fl5tes 9 hac lacrim>um valle4 ,eia ergo advocata no/ra1 illos tuos mis]icordes oculos ad nos conv]te ,et ,jesum b5$ictum fructum v5tris tui nobis po/ hoc exilium o/5de1 ,o clem5s1 ,o pia1 ,o dulcis virgo ,m>ia4 ,hail ,o que51 "m ( pitifulness6 ,life & delight & our confid5ce1 hail6 ,to !e we exiles1 *ildr5 ( ,eve1 are cry+4 ,to !e we aspire1 groan+ & moan+ 9 ?is ! vale ( our sorr[4 ,lo1 ?\ !re=e1 our advocate1 turn ^u u ^? pitiful eyes ( ?9e1 ,& aft] ?is exile %[ u ,jesus1 ! bless$ fruit ( ?y womb1 ,o m]ciful1 ,o pi\s1 ,o sweet ,virg9 ,m>ia4 ,?is is ano!r ( 8 sequ5ces1 ! ,rex regum ,dei agne1 f\nd by ,br&] among ! antiquities ( ,/4 ,gall3 ,k+ ( k+s1 ,lamb ( ,god1 mighty ,lion ( ,judah1 ,! dea? ( s9 by ! m]it ( ! cross & ! life ( ju/ice2 giv+ ! fruit ( ! tree ( life = ! ta/e ( wisdom2 ! m$ic9e ( grace = ! loss ( glory1 ,s9ce ?y blood re/ra9$ ! might ( ! sword ( flame1 op5+ ! g>d5 ( p>adise1 ! se$ ( ob$i5ce1 ! m$ic9e ( grace4 ,?is day is illu/ri\s to ! ,"l2 peace is on ! e>?1 lightn+ to ! %ades bel[ & light to ! sa9ts above2 ! day ( ! d\ble baptism ( law & gospel4 ,*ri/ is ! passov] to man2 :ile ! old passes ! new arises2 rejoice my he>t1 fre$ f f]m5t1 full ( ! bread unleav5$4 ,s9ce ! enemy are ov]:elm$1 ) /a9$ door-po/s eat ! sacrifice on ! pas*al night1 at home1 ) ! bitt] h]b ( ! field1 ,let y\r lo9s be girt & y\r %oes b\nd on1 h ! /aff 9 ! h&1 & eat ! head ) ! legs & ! purt5ance !re(4 ,wa% u ?is day1 ,o ,*ri/1 cleans+ u ) hyssop2 & make u wor?y ( ?is my/]y1 dry+ ! sea1 bor+ ! jaw ( ,levia?an ) a mighty hook4 ,rejoice u ) ! cup & fill u2 ar\se u1 dr9k+ f ! brook 9 ! way1 ?\ our propitiation1 ?\ prie/ & sacrifice1 ?\ w9e-press & /one ( (f5ce & grape6 ,o fragrant fl[] ( ! virg9 rod1 ,o light full ( sev5fold dew1 ,fair] 9 beauty ?an ! juice ( ! grape1 ,! blu% ( ! rose1 ! c&or ( ! lily4 ,h[ came/ ?\ ) su* pity to b5d to ! help ( ?is little _w2 t ?\ mighte/ %>e our sorr[s & be our ,r$eem] f ! bir?m>k ( s91 be>+ ! curse ( s98 ,o ,"l1 ,k9sman ( ?y s]vants1 ,! hope ( ! fir/ & ( ! la/ resurrection1 ,confirm ?y cov5ant to ! se$ ( ,abraham1 & u1 ,o ,lead] immortal1 reviv+ ) ?yself1 :o are dead ) !e to our old fa!r ,adam1 /r5g!n1 jo9+ u to ?y mighti] memb]s4 ,give u ! pas*al fea/ ( ! life et]nal1 ?\ ,pas*al ,lamb6 ,! "q be=e u is n "o ( !ology b ( lit]ature4 ,did ! man :o wrote ^? v]ses write ^! also8 ,v5i1 ,sancte ,spiritus1 ,et emitte coelitus ,lucis tuae radium4 ,v5i1 pat] paup]um1 ,v5i1 dator mun]um1 ,v5i1 lum5 cordium2 ,consolator optime1 ,dulcis hospes animae1 ,dulce refrig]ium3 ,9 labore requies1 ,9 ae/u temp]ies1 ,9 fletu solatium4 ,o lux beatissima1 ,reple cordis intima ,tuorum fidelium6 ,s9e tuo num9e ,nihil e/ 9 hom9e1 ,nihil e/ innoxium4 ,lava quod e/ sordidum1 ,riga quod e/ aridum1 ,sana quod e/ saucium2 ,flecte quod e/ rigidum1 ,fove quod e/ frigidum1 ,rege quod e/ devium6 ,da tuis fidelibus ,9 te confid5tibus ,sacrum sept5>ium2 ,da virtutis m]itum1 ,da salutis exitum1 ,da p]5ne gaudium6 ,come ,holy ,_s1 ,& s5d =? ! heav5ly ,ray ( ?y light4 ,come1 ,fa!r ( ! poor2 ,come1 giv] ( gifts2 ,come1 light ( he>ts4 ,?\ be/ consol]1 ,sweet gue/ ( ! s\l1 ,sweet coolness2 ,9 labor1 re/2 ,9 heat1 refre%m5t2 ,9 te>s1 solace4 ,o bless$e/ light1 ,fill ! inmo/ p>ts ,( ! he>t ( ?y fai?ful6 ,)\t ?y div9ity ,no?+ is 9 man1 ,no?+ is h>mless4 ,wa% :at is base2 ,b$ew :at is dry2 ,heal :at is hurt2 ,b5d :at is h>%2 ,w>m :at is *ill$2 ,rule :at is a/ray4 ,give to ?y fai?ful1 ,9 !e confid+1 ,?y sev5fold gift4 ,give ! rew>d ( virtue2 ,give ! dea? ( safety2 ,give et]nal joy4 ,?is v s+ul> con/ruction ( clauses is app>5t to ! eye at once4 ,let x be rememb]$ t ,rob]t uses x n[h]e else1 & t ! mo/ ( ,h]mann's writ+s are gone4 ,?is *ance = ! 8high] criticism0 is !re=e tak5 f u4 ,if x c\ld be %[n1 h[ev]1 t ?is 0 a me?od employ$ by ! monk ( ,rei*5au 9 8 prose works1 ! case might be reg>d$ z absolutely prov51 9 s f> z x demon/rates t ! bulk ( ! presumptive evid5ce is 9 8 favor4 ,b "h we are at fault4 ,we c only add probability to probability & leave all absolute demon/ration alone4 ,pez has pres]v$ n m]ely ,egon's acc\nt ( ,h]mann's life1 b he has edit$ ,h]mann's treatises on ! a/rolabe 7,!s4 ,anecdot4 ,tom41 ,,iii41 pt4 #b1 p4 #id7 f a ,,ms4 codex 9 ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,salzburg4 ,8 musical treatise is repr9t$ by ,g]b]t4 7,scriptores ,eccl4 de ,musica1 vol4 ii41 p4 #abd47 ,! didactic poem recit+ ! combat ( ! ,%eep & ! ,flax--always recogniz$ z ! production ( ,h]mann--is 9 ,migne's ,patrologia & also 9 ,du ,m]il's ,poesies ,populaires4 ,un=tunately none ( ^! writ+s are ( a sort to help u4 ,we _c by _! assi/ance make any headway 9 critical analysis4 ,x is noticeable t ,j4 ,a4 ,fabricius 9 8 great "w on ! ,middle ,age & lat] ,lat9 writ]s1 all[s ,h]mann to be ! au?or ( ! ,v5i ,sancte1 foll[+ ! te/imony ( ,egon & ,metzl]4 ,& x is m ?an noticeable t ,du ,m]il--himself a ,fr5*man--%\ld also app>5tly conc$e ! hymn to ?is ,g]man4#i ,i h made an exhau/ive se>* = ev]y?+ be>+ ^u ! life & writ+s ( ,h]mannus ,contractus4 ,i h pursu$ him & ,rob]t ?r\gh ! ,quell5 ( ,g]man hi/ory2 ?r\gh ! writ+s & compilations ( ,canisius & ,despont & ,ur/itius & ,m>t5e & ,mabillon & ,d',a*]y & ,p]tz & ! ,monum5ta ,g]maniae ,hi/orica ( ! 8,society = ,op5+ ! ,s\rces ( ,g]man ,hi/ory40 ,9 ^! & 9 ! encyclopa$ias ( ,la ,r\sse & ,ers*-,grub] & ! great ,patrologia ( ,migne1 ,i h inve/igat$ e by-pa? & bl9d alley4 ,x is abundantly cle> t he 0 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ man ( 8 region1 &1 likely1 ( 8 p]iod4 ,uss]man & ,possev9 h devot$ att5tion to him4 7,prodromus ,g]m4 ,sacr4 ,tom4 ,i41 p4 #ade sqq41 ,de ,app>atu47 ,8 didactic poem on ! 8,eight ,pr9cipal ,vices0 is 9 ,haupt's ,zeits*rift1 vol4 xiii4 ,8 lives ( ,conrad & ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 h n be5 pres]v$4 ,t he 0 a v volum9\s writ] is also evid5t4 ,aft] giv+ ! names ( "s ( 8 sequ5ces ,metzl] adds t !re 7 cet]a mille alia--a ?\s& m4 ,s also speaks ,tri!mius2 & inde$ ?is te/imony is univ]sal4 ,a s+le l9e ( inquiry has be5 left to ! ,am]ican /ud5t4 ,we h li/s ( ! ,,mss4 9 ! v>i\s libr>ies ( ,europe4 ,if x 7 only possible to exam9e ^! ) ref]5ce to ! ,v5i ,sancte ! matt] c\ld be def9itely settl$4 ,! ,rhe9au 7,rei*5au7 libr>y is ri* 9 hymn>ies4 ,ha5el's 8,no4 #ec0--^: libr>y numb] is #ia--;is1 = in/ance1 a ,lib] hymnorum ( ! t5? to ! twelf? c5turies4 ,!re are sev]al o!rs--brevi>ies & collections ( hymns--dat+ to ! twelf? c5tury2 & "o book1 8,no4 #abd0 7,lib4 ,no4 #ge71 :i* is m>k$ ,sequ5tiae propriae1 etc41 & :i* is likely to h ! ,v5i ,sancte4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury at ,/4 ,gall !y h 8,no4 #cha0 7,/4 ,gall ,no4 #dhf7 :i* is a codex insignis--a v beautiful ,,ms4--conta9+ ! 8e>lie/ collection ( hymns & poems ( writ]s dwell+ at ,/4 ,gall40 ,9 ?is same c5tury appe>s ! ,anselm1 :i* is not$ z a codex nobilit] scriptus ab ,h]imanno1 qui se hoc libri decus ex voto p]fecisse te/atur 7pag4 #f71 a manuscript elegantly writt5 by ,h]mann 8,h]imann0 is 8 own spell+ ( 8 "n 9 ! ,*ronicon1 by ! way1 :o says on page #f t he has accompli%$ ?is excell5t volume 9 pursuance ( a v[4 ,among ^! ,/4 ,gall ,,mss4 c be f\nd ! ,salve reg9a1 be>+ ! date #adcg4 ,if x 7 made a po9t ( inve/igation x might be discov]$ t 9 bo? ,rei*5au & ,/4 ,gall ! ,v5i1 ,sancte ,spiritus is 9 codices :i* utt]ly remove x f ! p]plexity ( its au?or%ip1 & positively jo9 x to ! "n ( ,h]mann4 ,"o c sum up ! :ole discussion 9 a few s5t5ces4 ,rob]t wrote no o!r valuable hymns2 ,h]mann did write sev]al4 ,rob]t 0 n specially skill$ 9 metrical sci5ce2 ,h]mann 0 ! au?or ( a treatise on ! subject4 ,rob]t 0 a poet & a musician2 ,h]mann 0 8 sup]ior 9 bo? dep>tm5ts4 ,rob]t _h tr\ble & sorr[ & ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce2 ,h]mann mu/ c]ta9ly h _h z mu* z he1 & m4 ,rob]t has _h poems attribut$ to him :i* h fail$ ( pro(1 & none ( 8 own v]ses seem ev] to h be5 misappropriat$ or miss+2 ,h]mann has _h m tak5 f him ?an giv5 to him4 ,9 ! matt] ( au?ority we are to note3 #a4 ,t ! hi/orians ( ,/4 ,gall & ( ,rei*5au claim = ,h]mann ! ,v5i ,sancte4 #b4 ,t ! hymn is f\nd 9 ! e>lie/ codices ( bo? places2 & ( ,e9si$eln1 :i* is 9 ! neighborhood4 #c4 ,t ,cli*tove is 9 d\bt & ,daniel is 9 d\bt2 t ,j4 ,a4 ,fabricius & ,du ,m]il incl9e t[>d ,egon's /atem5t2 t ,tri!mius is n entirely unprejudic$2 & t ,migne1 ga!r+ ne>ly ev]y?+ 7z ,i h v]ifi$ f ! orig9als71 leaves a /rong presumption 9 ,h]mann's favor4 ,i may appe> to make a good deal too mu* ( ?is matt] ( m$iaeval jeal\sy4 ,b no /ud5t ( ^? times ne$s to be told t ! jeal\sy betwe5 ! v>i\s cloi/]s 0 excessive4 ,!re is a lett] ( ! ,rei*5au monk ,gunzo1 writt5 9 #ifj4 7,m>t5e1 ,i41 #bif47 ,x is address$ to ! 8holy congregation at ,rei*5au0 & describes 8 j\rney to ,/4 ,gall4 ,! di/ance 0 great en\gh to exhau/ ! le>n$ bro!r2 he 0 lift$ (f ( 8 bea/ & c>ri$ 9 by hospitable h&s4 ,not)/&+ :i* he v5ts 8 indignation ^u _! me?ods & _! lack ( s*ol>%ip4 ,!y are self indulg5t2 !y are a fraud on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,nihil inde s$ fraudis molam9a p>abantur--!y d no?+ !re except contrive a great mass ( deception1 says ! angry ,gunzo4 ,!y attack$ him on 8 gramm>2 & he attack$ !m 9 turn on _! loquacity4 ,! epi/le is grimly humor\s at ?is di/ance ( "t2 b ! bitt]ness 0 altoge!r too g5u9e to be pleasant4 ,f> away f ! mo/ ( ^! noises--sep>at$ by ! wat]s ( ! lake f ! trampl+ pilgrim-b&s :o w5t to & fro betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ,we/--,h]mann ( ,rei*5au pass$ 8 quiet h\rs4 ,8 conv5t 0 ri*4 ,its abbot 0 said to be able to j\rney to ,rome & n sleep any:]e on ! way except ^u 8 own soil4 ,x _h be5 f\nd$ 9 #gbd "u ! auspices ( ,*>les ,m>tel4 ,su* 0 ! admirable situation ( ?is religi\s h\se--suffici5t to itself 9 ! mid/ ( all *anges4 ,!y buri$ ,h]mann 9 8 ance/ral tomb at ,alt%aus54 ,9 #afca 8?ree bones0 ( him 7 exhum$ & c>ri$ 8by =ce0 to ! mona/]y ( ,o*s5haus51 b :o took !m & :o resi/$ ! tak+ ( !m1 we are n told4 ,^! are ! meagre p>ticul>s ( a life g5tle1 pati5t1 & unassum+--! life ( a s*ol> & ( a poet--:o ma/]$ great ob/acles by ! g5ius ( fai?4 ,?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/ !re came into ,ceylon ! ,buddhi/ mission>y ,mah9da4 ,! k+ receiv$ him k9dly & built = him & 8 monks a conv5t on ! hill ,mih9tale1 to ! ea/ ( ! royal city4 ,on ! we/]n face ( ?is hill ,mah9da _h 8 own retreat cut out f ! liv+ rock4 ,/ill c be se5--?\gh aft] two ?\s& ye>s--?is /udy 9 :i* ! great tea*] ( ,ceylon 8sat & ?\ght & work$ ?r\gh ! long ye>s ( 8 peaceful & useful life40 ,"u ! cool %ad[ ( 8 rock1 ) 8 /one c\* on :i* to repose1 & ) ! busy pla91 s f> remov$ f him1 s5d+ its fa9t noises up f bel[1 !re wr\ght ! sage4 ,& !re he di$ at la/ & 0 buri$ 9 ! neighbor+ ,dagba4 ,mod]n times h ne>ly =gott5 him1 b no /ory ( t valley or t isl& is complete )\t 8 "n4 ,& s1 9 ?is lat] mann]1 liv$ & di$ ,h]mann ,c\nt ( ,vhr+51 :o laid d[n e>?ly honors to take up ! pursuit ( heav5ly glory2 :o ov]came peevi%ness ( m9d & weakness ( body by fai? & hope & love2 :o look$ out ^u 8 times f ?is s]5e di/ance1 & :o w5t to 8 la/ sleep b5ea? ! %ad[ ( ! rock4 ,note4--,i am n ignorant t ,j\rda9 7,re*]*es critiques sur l',age et l',orig9e des ,traductions lat9es d',ari/ote4 ,p>is1 #ahai & #ahdc7 has attack$ ! ascription ( translations ( ,ari/otle f ! ,arabic to our ,h]mann1 d5y+ t ! cripple ( ,rei*5au possess$ any k ( t tongue4 ,briefly /at$ 8 argum5ts are ^!3 #a4 ,t ,tri!mius foll[$ ,jacobus ( ,b]gamo 9 ascrib+ to ,h4 ,contractus a k ( ,arabic4 #b4 ,t ,metzl] 7:om he calls ,mezl]7 has add$ ! /atem5t ab\t ! ,poetics & ,rhetoric4 #c4 ,t e "o else has foll[$ ^! two au?orities4 #d4 ,t 8,h4 ,alemannus0 wrote 9 ,tol$o1 to :i* ! o!r ,h]mann c\ld n h j\rney$4 #e4 ,t ! translations 7 by ?is 8,h4 ,alemannus0 7,h]mann ! ,g]man7 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x is en\gh ( a reply to say3 #a4 ,t ! conclud+ words ( a manuscript relate1 n to its au?or1 b to its transcrib]4 ,! ,,ms4 m5tion$ by ,j\rda9 & ! o!r ,,ms4 9 ! ,biblio!que ,royale ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7viz41 ,doctr9a ,matumeti1 quae apud ,s>ac5os magnae auctoritatis e/1 ab ,h]manno lat9e translata4 ,cod4 ,,ms41 ,no4 #fbbe7 are bo? lat] ?an _! orig9al date4 ,?is second ,,ms4 may be by ,h]mann de ,s*ildis1 a monk ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 #b4 ,e "o has n 8foll[$0 ! au?ority ( ,metzl] & ,tri!mius4 ,! 8,anonymus ,mellic5sis0 7twelf? c5tury7 enum]ates treatises by ,h]mannus ,contractus ^u ,computation1 ,a/ronomy1 ,physiognomy & ,poetry1 :i* at lea/ imply t ,ari/otle _h l>gely affect$ 8 /udies4 #c4 ,x is notable also to f9d ,h4 ,alemannus quot+ ,cic]o 9 8 two introductions1 :5 we "k ,h4 ,contractus to h be5 v fond ( ,cic]o4 #d4 ,h4 ,alemannus says t he has met great 8imp$im5ts0 & 8difficulties0 9 accompli%+ ?is translation1 & t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,lat9 & ,arabic poetry =bade a poetical r5d]+4 ,:i* w\ld co9cide ) ,h4 ,contractus's p]sonal ob/acles & ) 8 natural desire z a poet to attempt a r5d]+ 9 v]se4 #e4 ,h4 ,alemannus ref]s to 8,johannes ,burg5sis0 7,john ( ,burgau1 9 ,suabia7 z a bi%op & ! k+'s *ancellor & 8 p]sonal fri5d & ! promot] ( ?is "w4 ,i _c f9d 8,john ( ,burgau20 b ,h4 ,contractus 0 a ,suabian1 & ,suabia is v ne> to ,rei*5au4 ,h4 ,contractus 0 also closely associat$ ) ,conrad & ,h5ry ,,iii41 ^: lives he wrote4 ,x is a curi\s "q ?is4 ,x is only ano!r pro( ( ! neglect into :i* a great man has fall54 ,= ,h]mann is call$ 8no/ri miraculum seculi0 by ! next g5]ation :o came aft] him4 ,& !re is no absolute pro( t1 8)\t lexicon or gramm>0 7= s ,j\rda9 puts x71 he c\ld n h ma/]$ ,arabic4 ,obs]v+ ! topics ( 8 o!r writ+s cognate to ^? ( ,ari/otle1 ,i am !re=e n 9 ! lea/ incl9$ to yield to ev5 ,m4 ,*>les ,j\rda94 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,pet] ,,damiani1 ,,c>d9al ,,& ,,flagellant4 ,x is n e poet :o beg9s by keep+ ! sw9e & ends by we>+ ! r$ hat & purple robe ( a c>d9al-bi%op4 ,nor is x e poet :o comm5ces z a =lorn & des]t$ f\ndl+1 to :om x is a great m]cy to h ev5 sw9e to keep by way ( gett+ 8 daily bread4 ,b all ?is & m befell ,damiani4 ,we are n in=m$ ab\t 8 p>5tage1 except t he _h a "m :o ab&on$ him1 & a bro!r 7or1 m probably1 an uncle7 :o took pity on him4 ,he 0 born 9 ,rav5na4 ,"s au?orities say x 0 9 #ihh2 o!rs t x 0 9 #ajjg4 ,a mod]n hymnologi/1 anxi\s to be "r 7?\gh he is frequ5tly wrong71 sets x at #ajjb4 ,b #ajjg has ! greate/ weight ( evid5ce4 ,?is bro!r1 or uncle1 _h compassion on ! lad1 & poor little outca/ ,pet] 0 s5t by him 8into 8 fields to fe$ sw9e10 a mu* m honorable employm5t ( c\rse 9 ,italy ?an 9 ,pale/9e1 & "o :i* he %>$ ) ,ni*olas ,brakespe>e1 ! ,engli% pope1 ,hadrian ,,iv4 ,:at 0 8 previ\s hi/ory we _c discov]1 ?\gh ! ,acta ,sanctorum = ,febru>y #bc;d is full ( leg5d>y acc\nts4 ,we only "k t 8 natural abilities attract$ ! notice ( ano!r relative 7bro!r1 "s say71 :o 0 an ar*deacon at ,rav5na4 ,he x 0 :o advanc$ ,pet] to ! opportunities ( education1 & :o prov$ s fa/ a fri5d t ! boy took 8 patron's "n = 8 own4 ,z ,eusebius call$ himself ,eusebius ,pamphili 7,pamphilus's ,eusebius71 s ,pet] became ,pet] ,damiani1 8,damian's ,pet]10 & ?is designation has adh]$ to him ev] s9ce4 ,x is amus+ to read n[ & !n ( ,pet] ,damianus1 z if ,damiani 7 an ,italian nom9ative case in/ead ( a ,lat9 g5itive4 ,8 bir? 0 too obscure to lead any p]son to int]f]e ) him4 ,he !re=e quietly /udi$ & improv$1 to ! edification ( 8 fell[-pupils & ! admiration ( 8 tea*]s4 ,8 s*ool-tra9+ 01 fir/ ( all1 9 ,fa5za4 ,!nce he 0 s5t to ,p>ma1 & ev5tually he return$ to ,rav5na1 :]e he taught ) di/9ction & popul> approval1 until he 0 ne>ly or q ?irty ye>s old4 ,! age 0 b>b>\s & good pr(essors 7 sc>ce4 ,x seems to h be5 expect$ t brilliant m9ds w\ld g on %9+ l ^? exhau/less lamps :i* are fabl$ to h be5 f\nd 9 ! tombs ( ! old magicians4 ,if su* 0 ! case1 ) ! int5se intellect ( ,damiani he mu/ h tapp$ "s s\rce ( real spiritual p[] e>ly 9 8 c\rse1 = he burns brightly ev5 n[ z we read 8 vivid tru?fulness & p]use "s ( 8 lovely v]ses1 out f :i* leap1 nev]!less1 tongues ( flam+ scorn = hypocrites & simoni/s4 ,yes1 ! age 0 b>b>\s1 & !re=e ,pet] ,damiani 0 soon a pr(essor1 ) _m /ud5ts & an abundance ( fees4 ,k 9 ^? days n only meant p[] b weal?1 & he 0 fa/ gr[+ ri* 9 ,rav5na4 ,x 0 a delightful life1 b x did n suit him4 ,he 01 9 fact1 ! 8spiritual k9sman1 & 9 _m respects ! pione]0 ( ,gregory ,,vii4 ,hildebr& came to be1 aft] a:ile1 8 p]sonal fri5d1 8 sanctus ,sa?anas1 8 ,mephi/opheles1 8 in/igator & /imulant4 ,( a sudd51 !n1 he dep>t$ f ,rav5na to take up 8 abode ) ! h]mits ( ,fonte ,avellana1 ne> ,gubbio4 ,"h he 0 kn[n by ! "n ( ,frat] ,hone/us1 & surely he des]v$ ! title1 = he 0 a swift witness aga9/ e sort ( s94 ,guy1 ! abbot1 p]suad$ him to und]take ! in/ruction ( ! bre?r51 & ?us he f\nd himself back at 8 old "w ( tea*+ once m4 ,x 0 n long be=e ! new monk became prior ( ! conv5t4 ,!n1 9 #ajda1 he rose to be abbot4 ,& !n1 9 #ajdg1 he indit$ to ,pope ,leo ,,ix4 8 fam\s ,lib] ,gomorrhianus4 ,?is ,gomorrah ,book is j :at its "n implies4 ,x is "o ( ! e>lie/ prote/s utt]$ )9 ! ,*ur* aga9/ ! awful wick$ness :i* 0 ev]y:]e preval5t4 ,! subject is f> too unpleasant = me to deal ) x at any l5g?4 ,& yet ?is disagreeable topic =ces itself ^u ! notice ( ! /ud5t ( t p]iod :]ev] he may turn4 ,mo/ +5i\s & sophi/ical di/9ctions 7 made 9 ^? days relative to s94 ,?is ?+1 = in/ance1 0 wrong2 b t o!r 0 n half s wrong z ?is 04 ,su* an (f5ce 0 to be condon$ by a trifl+ p5ance1 & su* ano!r 0 to be only met by ye>s ( contrition4 ,aga9/ all ?is hypocritical na/9ess ,damiani set 8 p54 ,no m sca?+ book 0 ev] writt54 ,& ! only wond] is t x has evad$ ! vigilance ( ! m5 :o suff]$ by x1 & has made its escape into type1 nev] aga9 to be 9 p]il ( its exi/5ce4 ,bayle--:o may be safely acc\nt$ unapproa*able 9 su* ab/ruse inquiries--has giv5 u ! :ole /ory ( ?is book4 ,x 0 a t]rible sc\rge to ! vices ( ! cl]gy1 & ev5 ,b>onius all[s t x 0 n writt5 "o mom5t too soon4 ,! pope to :om ?is rem>kable docum5t 0 address$ 0 a man ( appropriate _s4 ,he 0 ! ?ird 9 ! s]ies ( five able ,g]man popes1 :o labor$ s h>d 9 ! cause ( discipl9>y re=m4 ,at ,hildebr&'s advice1 he _h laid aside ! papal insignia1 :i* he donn$ at 8 election1 & came to ,rome z a b>efoot$ pilgrim 9 #ajdh4 ,he aim$ to put d[n simony1 to /op ! b>t] & sale ( b5efices1 & to secure ! celibacy ( ! cl]gy4 ,to ?is end he us$ ! synods ) vigor1 & 0 ready = almo/ any propos$ re=m :i* fell 9 ) 8 l9e ( op]ations4 ,he 0 ( ! ,g]man1 n ! ultramontane p>ty1 & !re=e 0 q lib]al 9 8 con/ruction ( ! great text1 8,?\ art ,pet]10 & w5t s f> z to say t ! ,*ur* %\ld fir/ ( all be built ^u ! true rock1 :i* 0 ,*ri/4 ,to him1 !n1 ! ,gomorrah ,book w5t1 & x made a /ir4 ,! next f\r popes occupi$ among !m no long] p]iod ( ecclesia/ical rule ?an f ! ye> #ajed to ! ye> #ajfa4 ,matt]s 7 unsettl$4 ,no "o cont9u$ 9 (fice4 ,b ! f+] ( ,hildebr& ! c>d9al 0 mighti] ?an ! h& ( any pope4 ,ni*olas ,,ii4 0 guid$ by him1 & ,alex&] ,,ii41 :o came =w>d 9 #ajfa1 0 unque/ionably "u 8 control4 ,& :5 ,alex&] appe>$1 x seem$ t ! ,gomorrah ,book 0 /ill an elem5t ( unre/ & di/urbance1 at a "t :5 ! claims ( an ,antipope 7,honorius ,,ii47 _h be5 set up by ! ,imp]iali/ p>ty1 & x 0 necess>y = ev5 ,hildebr&'s fri5ds to give z little (f5ce z possible to ! cl]gy4 ,= ! election ( ,alex&] 0 cle>ly irregul>1 because x 0 9 defiance ( ! rules laid d[n by ,ni*olas ,,ii4 at a ,lat]an ,synod 9 #ajei4 ,) a g5ial & suave mann] ! new pontiff n[ borr[$ ! "w = ! o/5sible purpose ( hav+ x copi$ by ! help ( ! ,abbot ( ,/4 ,savi\r4 ,t 0 ! la/ t ,damiani saw ( x = "s little :ile4 ,if ,alex&] ?\ght t ! h]mit abbot ( ,fonte ,avellana w\ld submit to ?is me?od ( suppression he flatt]$ 8 s\l 9 va94 ,damiani1 aft] a reasonable delay1 appeal$ to 8 fri5d ,hildebr&4 ,! book 0 l a "p ( himself1 & he _h no desire to h x treat$ ) neglect4 ,"o _c "h foll[ ! w9d+s ( ! /ory fur!r ?an to say t ,damiani got 8 book aga91 & n[ we h x too4 ,i am surpris$ at ! bl9dness :i* prev5ts "s writ]s f see+ 9 ?is ,pet] de ,hone/is a mo/ noble & consi/5t "*4 ,morheim only pays him a m]it$ complim5t :5 he says t 8 8g5ius1 c&or1 integrity1 & writ+s ( v>i\s k9ds1 entitle him to rank among ! fir/ m5 ( ! age1 al?\gh he 0 n free f ! faults ( ! times40 ,b h[ c\ld "o easily avoid ! extreme ( sev]ity :o 0 confront$ by ! grosse/ s9s t ev] c>ri$ a hiss+ sibilant 9 front ( _! names6 ,flagellation 0 a natural reaction f ^? fle%ly lu/s t w>r$ aga9/ ! s\l4 ,someh[ ,hildebr& took a great fancy to ?is g5u9e re=m]4 ,8 own great s*emes 7 rip5+1 & ,damiani 0 j ! man to be made ( value 9 ! (fice ( c>d9al4 ,9 #ajeg1 !n1 ! abbot _h be5 creat$ c>d9al-bi%op ( ,o/ia by ,pope ,ni*olas ,,ii41 & 9 ! ye> foll[+ deacon ( ! holy college4 ,at fir/ he /r5u\sly resi/$ ! honor1 b 0 =c$ to assume x by ! ,pope's comm&4 ,9 #ajei he _h act$ z papal legate to ! semi-indep5d5t ,ambrosian ,*ur* ( ,milan4 ,"h he obta9$ pl$ges f !m t !y w\ld conduct _! affairs ) purity & agree to receive ! au?ority ( ! ,roman pontiff4 ,he did n rema9 among ! c>d9als v long4 ,8 conv5t allur$ him1 & ! display requisite to 8 prop] duties 0 bo? irksome & repugnant to him4 ,!re=e he w5t home aga91 ard5tly devot$ to ,hildebr&1 b devoid ( all ambition1 & ready to d5\nce ! ,pope or anybody else :5 x appe>$ t ! rights ( ! ,*ur* 7 infr+$4 ,9 #ajfb ,alex&] ,,ii4 f\nd use = him z legate to ,france1 & he influ5c$ ,cluny 9 favor ( ,alex&] ,,ii4 ,9 #ajfh-fi we f9d him aga9 a legate 9 ,g]many1 impress+ on "y ,h5ry ,,iv4 ! importance ( submission to ,rome4 ,?is1 too1 he effect$2 & 9 #ajgb--! la/ ye> ( 8 life--he appe>s 9 ! same capacity at ! age ( sixty six1 busy ) ! re=m ( ! ,*ur* 9 8 native ,rav5na4 ,?is is ! outl9e ( 8 /ory1 & x be>s no great m>ks ( diff]5ce f o!rs :i* h be5 commemorat$ 9 ecclesia/ical hi/ory4 ,^u ^! s]vices1 & ^u 8 relations to ,hildebr&1 a claim to consid]able repute might be e/abli%$ = him4 ,^! facts1 h[ev]1 w\ld n keep him 9 m9d to-day s well z 8 doctr9e ( flagellation & ! melody ( 8 two gr& hymns4 ,?is matt] ( flagellation 0 old] ?an ,damiani's "t4 ,x 0 p]mitt$ 9 ! conv5ts to give five 8discipl9>y /rokes40 ,/>t+ at ?is po9t ,pet] ! ,hone/ asks1 8,:y may we n give ! six?1 = ! same reason80 ,if ^! five h be5 inflict$ on ! unwill+ victim1 :y %\ld he n secure "s cr$it to himself by tak+ a six?1 a sev5?1 an eigh?8 ,! ice once brok51 x is easy to see h[ ! new cu/om w\ld be seiz$ ^u by ! ascetic h]mits ( ,fonte ,avellana4 ,! argum5t is curi\s1 z a specim5 ( t speci\s reason+ to :i* ! ecclesia/ic m9d 0 t5d+1 & :i*1 lat] on1 comes into full bloom among ! ,jesuit fa!rs4 ,damiani inquires 8if our ,savi\r 0 n beat52 if ,paul did n receive1 on sev]al occasions1 =ty /ripes save "o2 if all ! apo/les 7 n sc\rg$2 & :e!r ! m>tyrs _h n receiv$ ! same puni%m5t4 ,did n ,/4 ,j]ome say t ^! 7 sc\rg$ by ord] ( ,god8 ,& :o d>es d5y t !y 7 sc\rg$ = o!rs & n = !mselves8 ,h5ce1 if "o und]takes ?is discipl9e1 will+ly1 = himself1 he mu/ be do+ a good ?+40 7,see ,fleury3 ,hi/4 ,ecclesia/ique1 ,,xii41 p4 #ajg1 ,anno #ajfb47 ,he !n adds ! example ( ,guy1 8 pr$ecessor1 :o di$ #ajdf1 & ( ,poppo1 a contempor>y1 :o _h di$ 9 #ajdh4 ,! date ( 8 own advocacy ( ?is doctr9e is ab\t #ajef4 ,monte ,cass9o took up ! practice ) vigor2 b 9 ,pet]'s own conv5t ! mo/ consummate example ( flagellation 0 spe$ily develop$1 & 8 disciple1 ,dom9ic ( ! ,cuirass 7,dom9icus ,loricatus71 c>ries (f ! palm f all po/]ity4 ,! me?od propos$ by ,damiani 0 t ! psalt] %\ld be recit$ to ! accompanim5t ( ! bl[s ( ! sc\rge4 ,e psalm call$ = "o hundr$ /rokes2 ! :ole psalt] = fifte5 ?\s&4 ,by ?is spiritual ari?metic ?ree ?\s& equall$ "o ye> ( purgatory1 & !re=e ! complete psalt] answ]$ = five ye>s ( purgation remov$ f ei!r "o's self or "o's neighbor4 ,b ,dom9ic 0 an inebriate 9 8 flogg+ & set himself tasks ( /up5d\s size4 ,he also improv$ ! art 9 sev]al respects4 ,he us$ bo? h&s ) dreadful facility1 & frequ5tly la%$ 8 face until x 0 cov]$ ) blood1 s++ 8 psalms ! :ile 9 a h>%1 crack$1 & t]rible voice4 ,9 ! =ty days ( "o ,l5t he recit$ ! psalt] two hundr$ times1 & inflict$ :at "o reckless calculator calls 8sixty million /ripes0 ^u himself4 ,! true numb] is ?ree million1 :i* is cle>ly suffici5t4 ,at ano!r occasion he lit]ally flogg$ himself 8aga9/ "t10 app>5tly j to see :at c\ld be done by a det]m9$ man 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,at ! end ( t p]iod he _h gone ?r\gh ! psalt] twelve times & a fraction ov]1 & _h giv5 himself "o hundr$ & eighty-?ree ?\s& /ripes1 work+ away ) bo? h&s 7z a cau/ic writ] sugge/s7 89 ! int]e/ ( ! great s9k+ fund ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*40 ,flagellation1 l ! danc+ mania & ! /range p>ades ( ! ,turlep9s & ,anabapti/s 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 has its root 9 n]v\s excitem5t & morbid devotion4 ,"u ,an?ony ( ,padua1 ab\t #abaj1 all ,p]ugia la%$ !mselves ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,ju/9 ( ,padua relates t great disord]s & indec5cy att5d$ ! processions4 ,! madness spread l wildfire ?r\gh ,rome & ,italy4 ,9 #abfj & 9 #abfa ! cu/om 0 aga9 reviv$ aft] "s decad5ce1 9 ! same t[n ( ,p]ugia & "u "o ,ra9]4 ,& at ?is date ?\s&s w5t out into ,g]many l$ by prie/s ) bann]s & crosses4 ,aga9 fad+ f public notice1 ! flagellants reappe>$ dur+ ! progress ( ! plague 9 #acdi4 ,heck] & ,coop] supplem5t ! acc\nt giv5 by ,boileau4 ,! affair 0 itself an epidemic4 ,! company m>*$ & sang hymns--among :i* 0 ! ,/abat ,mat]--& bore tap]s & magnific5t bann]s4 ,!y f9ally became a regul> nomadic tribe1 sep>at+ into two portions1 "o ( :i* w5t to ! s\? & ! o!r to ! nor?4 ,! ,*ur* 0 p[]less1 & ^? pro & anti flagellationi/s1 :o happ5$ to be 9 ecclesia/ical au?ority1 solemnly excommunicat$ ea* o!r6 ,! wild lic5se ( ^! sc5es 0 f> f aid+ ei!r morality or religion4 ,clem5t ,,vi4 7#accb-eb7 issu$ 8 bull aga9/ !m4 ,&1 inasmu* z ^! fanatics _h fail$ to re/ore a dead *ild to life 9 ,/rasburg1 ! mal$iction ( ,rome _h "s effect1 & once m ! h>% cu/om di$ out4 ,!n !re 0 ano!r upheaval "u ,v5tur9us1 a ,dom9ican ( ,b]gamo1 & t5 ?\s& p]sons jo9$ ! ord]4 ,l a p]5nial plant x aga9 p]i%$ & aga9 sprang up 9 #adad1 :5 ^! awful orgies 7 r5ew$ "u ! lead]%ip ( a p]son nam$ ,conrad4 ,b n[ ! ,inquisition int]f]$1 & among ! te/imony tak5 to %[ ! l5g?s to :i* ! fanaticism w5t is ! sworn evid5ce ( a citiz5 ( ,nordhaus5 :o1 9 #addf1 ass]t$ t 8 wife want$ to h ! *ildr5 sc\rg$ j z soon z !y _h be5 baptiz$6 ,once m1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! ,black & ,gray ,p5it5ts appe>$ 9 ,france4 ,9 #aegd ! ,que5-"m put h]self at ! head ( ! black b& 9 ,avignon1 & ! disord]s1 indec5cy1 & g5]al depravity ( mann]s :i* foll[$ w\ld sc>cely be believ$ ev5 if x 0 prop] to m5tion !m4 ,f t date to ! pres5t "t m or less ( ?is old insanity occasionally reappe>s4 ,x af=ds a s+ul> comm5t>y on our boa/$ advance beyond ^? d>k ages1 = u to "k t ! ,p5it5tes ( our own ,cali=nian coa/ d precisely e ye> :at ,dom9ic ( ! ,cuirass & ,an?ony ( ,padua & ,conrad & ,ra9] all did c5turies ago4 ,& ?is frightful eng9]y ( fanaticism 0 set 9 motion by ! man :o wrote "o ( ! lovelie/ hymns 9 ! ,lat9 language6 ,i make no attempt to analyze ! feel+s t h prompt$ ?is /range au/]ity4 ,isaac ,taylor has already done ?is 9 a mo/ ma/]ly fa%ion 9 8 ,fanaticism4 ,b ! ess5ce ( x is t wild delusion :i* leads m5 7& ev5 wom57 to fancy t !y c vic>i\sly atone = o!rs' s9s & 8make m]it10 z ! hea!n d1 = ^? :o are less bold ?an !mselves4 ,!y h fa/5$ !mselves d[n l ! poor wret*$ geese doom$ to furni% pattes-de-fois-gras4 ,!y are be=e ! hot fire ( zeal & gorg$ ^u indige/ible dogmas4 ,h5ce _! *>ity becomes z abnormal z ! liv]s ( ! geese1 & ! moral epicure1 alas1 f9ds 9 !m da9ties suitable = 8 deprav$ ta/e6 ,x w\ld be a griev\s inju/ice to a good man if ,damiani %\ld only be> ) u ! "* ( an ard5t zealot & n ( a ,*ri/ian poet4 ,9 ?is la/ guise he is at 8 be/4 ,d\btless he (t5 (f5ds by 8 ,m>iolatry1 b he w z (t5 *>m by ! music ( 8 v]se4 ,he may s]ve also z a conv5i5t example ( ?is wor%ip ( ,m>y1 = 9 "o ( 8 pray]s he has giv5 u ! pi? & core ( t peculi> devotion4 ,x runs ?us3 8,o que5 ( ! _w1 /airs ( heav51 ?rone ( ,god1 gate ( p>adise1 he> ! pray]s ( ! poor & despise n ! groans ( ! wret*$4 ,by !e our v[s & sighs are borne to ! pres5ce ( ! ,r$eem]1 t :atsoev] ?+s are =bidd5 to our m]its may obta91 ?r\gh !e1 place 9 ! e>s ( div9e piety4 ,erase s9s1 relieve crimes1 raise ! fall51 & release ! entangl$4 ,?r\gh !e ! ?orns & %oots ( vice are cut d[n1 & ! fl[]s & ornam5ts ( virtue appe>4 ,appease ) pray]s ! ,judge1 ! ,savi\r1 :om ?\ did/ produce 9 unique *ildbir?1 t ,he :o ?r\gh !e has become p>tak] ( our humanity1 ?r\gh !e may also make u p>tak]s ( ,8 div9ity4 ,:o ) ,god ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,_s live? & reigne?1 _w )\t end4 ,am540 ,i h giv5 ?is z an example ( 8 prose4 ,"h is a petition 8aga9/ a /ormy "t10 compos$ 9 t 8leon9e & tail$ rhyme0 9 :i* ,b]n>d ( ,cluny1 a c5tury lat]1 wrote ! ,de ,contemptu mundi4 ,x comm5ces1 8,o mis]atrix1 ,o dom9atrix1 praecipe dictu6 ,o ?\ t pitie/1 ,o ?\ ! mightie/1 h>k to our cry+2 ,le/ we be beat5 d[n1 le/ we be smitt5 d[n :5 hail is fly+4 ,?9e is a prie/ly brea/1 ,o ?\ t succore/1 "m et]nal ,!re=e we pray to !e1 le/ we be /ay$ f !e1 by /orm inf]nal4 ,quiet ! tempe/-wrack6 ,give u ! sun%9e back = our fair wea!r6 ,l5d u cle> light aga91 make ! />s bright aga9 :]e ! cl\ds fea!r6 ,virg91 oh *]i% ?y fri5ds le/ we p]i% by sickness or ang]2 ,drive all ^! ills away1 ?\ ^: love /ills away ?und]'s mad clangor60 ,by f> ! great] "p ( 8 hymns are address$ to ! ,virg9 & to ! sa9ts1 b !re are "s o!rs--! ,paule doctor ,egregie1 ! ,pas*alis fe/i gaudium1 ! ,*ri/e sanctorum gloria1 & ! two p[]ful judgm5t hymns1 ,gravi me t]rore & ,o ,quam dira1 quam horr5da--:i* are wor?y ( note4 ,?is ,gravi me t]rore ( ! elev5? c5tury ranks ) ! ,app>ebit rep5t9a ( ! sev5? c5tury4 ,^!1 toge!r ) ! ,dies ,irae ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 =m ! great judgm5t triad ( ,lat9 psalmody4 ,yet ( all ! hymns ( t or any lat] "t1 no?+ approa*es ! beauty ( ! ,ad p]5nis vitae fontem1 ( :i* ?is ,pet] ,damiani s+s4 ,x is born ( ,augu/9e's ?\ghts & dreams ( ! heav5ly l&1 & "s ( its phrases are exquisite beyond ! possibility ( translation4 ,:5 ,frat] ,hone/us on ,febru>y #bc;d1 #ajgb1 =ev] left t conv5t ( ,fonte ,avellana1 :i!r ,dante w5t ^u 8 la/ record$ j\rney1 !n t noble l&scape might pres]ve ^! sixty-"o l9es ( ,lat9 v]se among ! *oice/ treasures ( its dell & grove4 ,?is 0 no l>k t sang aga9/ ! sun ) cl>ion notes call+ u to su* praise z r+s ?r\gh ! anci5t morn+ hymn ( ,hil>y4 ,x 0 ! night+ale ( ,fa5za1 s5d+ out ^? ?rill+ tones f ! mid/ ( ! walls :i* beheld ! eag] s*ol> & to :i* ! we>y c>d9al _h return$ to die4 ,^u 8 fame x is set !re=e n l ! l>k's song1 b ! night+ale's1 n z ! fla%+ diamond1 b 79 ,daniel's v words7 8z a preci\s pe>l = our treasury40 ,mrs4 ,*>les has r5d]$ x into ,engli% ) grace & success4 ,mr4 ,morgan app5ds ?is autograph note to ! v]sion 9 ! copy ( 8 book :i* is 9 my possession3 8,n4 ,b4--,?is hymn 0 pr9t$ )\t revision4 ,if repr9t$ ! metres w be made equal40 ,he has n attempt$ to foll[ ! v]sification ( ! orig9al4 ,i "k ( no o!r translation except t ( ,r4 ,f4 ,littl$ale 9 ,lyra ,my/ica4 ,ano!r beautiful hymn :i* 0 sugge/$ by ! prose ( ,augu/9e1 & is ascrib$ to ,pet] ,damiani by ,anselm ( ,cant]bury1 :o 0 8 y\ng] contempor>y1 is ! ,quid tyranne1 quid m9>is4 ,x is commonly call$ ,,! ,,antidote ,,( ,,/4 ,,augu/9e ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,tyranny ,,( ,,s94 ,:at are ?reats ( ?9e1 ,o tyrant1 ,h[ c any torture move1 ,:51 = all ( ?y contriv+1 ,no?+ yet c equal love4 ,sweet x is to suff] sorr[1 ,futile is ! =ce ( pa92 ,i _h soon] die ?an borr[ ,any spot t love to /a94 ,heap ! fagots z ?\ please/1 ,d :at evil he>ts approve1 ,add ! sword & cross toge!r1 ,no?+ yet c equal love4 ,pa9 itself is q too g5tle1 ,"o poor dea? too brief mu/ be1 ,i w\ld suff] ?\s& tortures-- ,e woe is light to me6 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,hildeb]t ,,& ,,8 ,,hymn4 ,^? :o love ! 8,gold5 ,leg5d0 ( ,longfell[ w rememb] h[ effectively he has !re us$ ! ,lat9 songs & hymns4 ,fri> ,paul is s v l ! fam\s ,fri> ,john ( ,rabelais1 t he is probably copi$ f t wor?y4 ,inde$ 8 ,epi/olae ,obscurorum ,virorum1 ) its dog-,lat9 & its broad satire on ! habits ( ! monks1 0 a mo/ effective weapon 9 ! h&s ( ! re=m]s4 ,!re 7 a great _m le>n$ m5 :o 7 by no means equally z pi\s1 & :o f\nd _! bodily cont5tm5t 9 ! cloi/]4 ,aga9/ ^! & all l !m came ! con/ant %afts ( ridicule or reproa*4 ,b n[1 :5 ?is same ,fri> ,paul 8tunes 8 mell[ pipe0 to a bac*analian solo 9 ! refectory1 we c almo/ =give him1 =asmu* z he s+s 9 su* capital measure4 ,!re is a ,gaudiolum--a regul> m]ry-mak+ ( monks--d[n 9 ! cell>2 9 :i*1 by ! way1 ,lucif]1 disguis$ 9 ! gray habit1 takes 8 appropriate place4 ,& :5 ,fri> ,paul beg9s on ! praise ( good liquor1 he p>odies ! metre & rhyme ( ! curr5t religi\s sequ5ces4 ,li/5 to him3 8,felix v5t] quem intrabis1 ,felix guttur quod rigabis1 ,felix os quod tu lavabis1 ,et beata labia60 ,or1 z we may express x 9 our own language3 8,bless$ /oma* :i* ?\ w>me/1 ,bless$ ?roat :i* ?\ re=me/1 ,bless$ m\? ^: ?ir/ ?\ /orme/1 ,bless$ lips to ta/e ( !e60 ,"h & !re ,pr(essor ,longfell[ introduces also into ?is 8,gold5 ,leg5d0 8 own r5d]+s f ! ,lat91 9 little transcriptions :i* are exquisitely felicit\s4 ,b pres5tly1 9 %>p contra/ to ! ribald ,paul & ! dissolute ,cu?b]t & ! re/ ( ! noisy crew 9 ! refectory1 he all[s u to he> ! song ( ! pilgrims4 ,!y are *ant+ ! ,hymn ( ,hildeb]t ( ,lav>d91 ,ar*bi%op ( ,t\rs3 ,me receptet ,sion illa1 ,sion ,david1 urbs tranquilla1 ,cujus fab] auctor lucis1 ,cujus portae lignum crucis1 ,cujus claves l+ua ,petri1 ,cujus cives semp] laeti1 ,cujus muri lapis vivus1 ,cujus cu/os ,rex fe/ivus40 ,x is ! hope ( ! ,holy ,city ( :i* !y are tell+3 8,me1 t ,sion soon %all pity-- ,david's ,sion1 peaceful city6 ,^: design] made ! morn+2 ,^: are gates1 ! cross adorn+2 ,^: keys are to ,pet] giv52 ,^: glad ?rong are sa9ts 9 heav52 ,^: are walls ( liv+ spl5dor2 ,^: a royal1 true ,def5d]60 ,^! pilgrims1 e n[ & !n1 break 9 ) "s snat* ( melody f ?is f9e old an!m4 ,& yet !re are d\btless ^? :o nev] h gone back to see = !mselves :5ce all ?is beauty has be5 tak54 ,b ! ,hymn ( ,hildeb]t w\ld well repay !m if !y did4 ,x is ! composition ( a man :o 0 ! ,admirable ,cri*ton ( 8 "t--,hildeb]t ( ,lav>d91 a /ud5t "u ,b]5g] & ,hugo ( ,cluny4 ,?is is ! same poet :o1 ) ,wi*>d ( ,lyons1 is m5tion$ by ,b]n>d ( ,cluny 9 8 preface to ! ,hora ,novissima4 ,he says !re1 t ev5 ^! em95t v]sifi]s _h nev] d>$ to attempt ! measure ( 8 own ?ree ?\s& l9es4 ,& we h abundant o!r te/imony t ,hildeb]t 0 an accompli%$ orator1 a successful controv]siali/1 a brilliant rhetorician1 a poet ( t5 ?\s& l9es1 & ! au?or ( ?is maje/ic & beautiful composition4 ,he 0 born 9 ! ye> #ajeg 7or #ajee7 at ,lav>d91 ne> ,v5dme1 9 ,france1 0 fir/ head-ma/] ( a s*ool1 !n an ar*deacon1 !n in/ructor 9 !ology & ,bi%op ( ,le ,mans 7#ajig71 & f9ally 7#aabe71 ,ar*bi%op ( ,t\rs1 f :i* he d]ives 8 "n ( 8,turon5sis40 ,he 0 ( humble orig9 & n connect$ ) ! celebrat$ family ( ,lav>dia1 except ?r\gh ! accid5t ( 8 bir?place be+ 9 _! vic9ity4 ,p]haps--if we foll[ "o scurril\s old biograph]--we may fancy ! holy ,hildeb]t to h be5 v little ( a sa9t 9 8 e>ly days4 ,b>onius inde$ l5ds color to ! ass]tion 7made orig9ally by ,godfrey1 ! ,dean ( ,le ,mans7 t ! vices :i* ,hildeb]t aft]w>d attack$ 7 matt]s ( p]sonal exp]i5ce ) himself4 ,a c]ta9 co>se assault 0 und\bt$ly made ^u him2 b envy & malignity w5t ev5 to great] l5g?s !n ?an n[--& !y are n noticeably mod]ate or tru?ful at pres5t4 ,he 0 a 8wise & g5tle prelate10 says ,tr5*1 8al?\gh n want+ 9 c\rage to d>e1 & =titude to endure1 :5 ! cause ( tru? requir$ x40 ,ne&]'s e/imate ( 8 "* 7,! ,life ( ,/4 ,b]n>d7 is also k9d4 ,i d\bt1 !re=e1 :e!r any su* /atem5ts c be ma9ta9$4 ,b we all "k too well :at t age 01 = u to be ov]-en?usia/ic 9 ! def5ce ( our favorites4 ,& /ill x c truly be said t ,hildeb]t e/abli%$ 8 innoc5ce !re & !n4 ,he f9ally di$ 9 #aacd1 & 8 works1 ) ^? ( ,m>bod1 7 collect$ & publi%$ 9 ,p>is by ! ,b5$ict9es1 at ! comp>atively rec5t date ( #agjh4 ,8 hymn1 ,oratio devotissima ad tres ,p]sonas ,sanctissimae ,tr9itatis1 fir/ appe>$ 9 ! ,app5dix to ,ar*bi%op ,us%]'s ,de ,symbolis 7#affj71 & aga9 0 publi%$ by ! ,norman ,jacques ,hommey 9 #afhd4 ,! poem is1 z ,*ancellor ,b5$ict has well said1 almo/ epic 9 its complet5ess4 ,& ,i c d no bett] ?an to summ>ize x 9 8 own words--= he l9k$ 8 "n to x by a translation :i* he publi%$ 9 #ahfg3 8,its beg9n+ is ! k ( ,god--,fides or?odoxa--! true cre$1 z to ! ,?ree ,p]sons ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 exhibit+ _! attributes z ! f\ndation ( ! ,*ri/ian "*2 its middle1 ! weakness1 ! trials1 & ! temptations ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 9 its progress to p]fect tru/ & confid5ce 9 ,god & assurance ( ,8 f9al grace2 its end1 ! joys & glories ( ! heav5ly home ( ! bless$40 ,x has be5 greatly neglect$1 z any "o w f9d :o looks = x outside ( ! mo/ rec5t collections ( sacr$ ,lat9 poetry4 ,:y ?is has be5 s1 except because ! praise ( ,m>y & ( ! sa9ts 0 m cong5ial to collectors ?an a l(ty & pure spiritual f]vor1 x is n easy to disc]n4 ,hugo ( ,/4 ,victor--,hildeb]t's contempor>y--does actually quote six l9es1 b calls ! au?or quidam1 or1 z we w\ld say1 8somebody10 9 ref]r+ to ^! half doz5 v]ses extract$ to give po9t to 8 own disc\rse4 ,yet ,hildeb]t 0 9 8 day a mo/ important p]sonage1 n bel[ ! p]secution ( a k+ ( ,engl&1 & n above a qu>rel ) a k+ ( ,france4 ,b he & ! k+ 7 reconcil$ at la/1 & ) honor4 ,t ,pr(essor ,longfell[ is n indebt$ to ,tr5*'s text = 8 little quotations1 is %[n by a curi\s fact4 ,! ,sacr$ ,lat9 ,poetry ( ,ar*bi%op 7!n ,dean7 ,tr5* 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahdi1 & ! 8,gold5 ,leg5d0 appe>$ 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahea--! "t seem+ to indicate t ! poet _h be5 read+ 9 ! small book ( ! prelate4 ,b ,pr(essor ,m>* has v acutely notic$ t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 9 ! p]son ( its editor1 did a great deal ( expurgation1 & t ! l9es 8,cujus claves l+ua ,petri1 ,cujus cives semp] laeti10 are n includ$ by ,tr5* at all6 ,x 0 n prop]1 ! ,dean ?\ght1 to enc\rage ,romi% sup]/itions1 & s ,pet] & 8 keys 7 omitt$4 ,x is n impossible t ,longfell[ took 8 text f a little volume publi%$ at ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y41 9 #ahdd1 :i* conta9s 8,! ,hymn ( ,hildeb]t & ! ,ode ( ,xavi]1 ) ,engli% ,v]sions10 probably by ,dr4 ,h5ry ,mills1 pr(essor 9 ! ,!ological ,sem9>y at ,auburn1 :o also publi%$ a volume ( translations ( ,g]man hymns 7#ahde & #ahef74 ,dr4 ,mills repr9ts ! entire hymn f ,us%]1 b ignores 9 8 translation ! l9es 8,deus pat] tantum ,dei ,virgo mat] e/1 s$ ,dei40 ,! book is memorable z ! fir/ ,am]ican publication 9 ?is field4 ,besides ! ,am]ican translations by ,dr4 ,mills & ,*ancellor ,b5$ict1 !re are ,engli% v]sions by ,cra%aw1 by ,john ,mason ,neale1 &1 be/ ( all1 by ,h]b]t ,kyna/on 9 ! ,lyra ,my/ica 7,london1 #ahfi71 copi$ f 8 ,occasional ,hymns4 ,fur!r to speak ( ,hildeb]t1 x c be said t he1 l o!rs1 took 8 %>e ( imprisonm5ts1 confiscations1 & exiles4 ,tr5* quotes f 8 poetry two compositions 9 hexamet] & p5tamet]--classic 9 language1 b n always classic 9 prosody2 & two complete poems1 "o ( :i* is ! fam\s hymn1 & :i* comm5ces 8,a et magne ,deus40 ,! o!r is a vision & lam5t ov] ! ,*ur* ( ,poiti]s4 ,( ?is ! editor says3 8,i "k ( no nobl] piece ( v]sification1 nor m skilful managem5t ( rhyme 9 ! :ole circle ( ,lat9 rhym$ poetry40 ,x beg9s 8,nocte quadam1 via fessus0-- an important h9t = a p]son :o wi%es to f9d any?+ 9 ! ,g]man an?ologies1 :]e1 z a rule1 ! index+ is hide\s & ! arrangem5t is he>tr5d+1 & ! poems are designat$1 hit-or-miss1 by _! initial l9e4 ,! poem ,de ,exilio ,suo1 beg9n+ 8,nup] eram locuples1 multisque beatus amicis10 is an example ( ! classic measures into :i* ,i h tri$ to %ape my own r5d]+1 al?\gh ,i h copi$ ,hildeb]t ev5 9 8 inaccuracies & repetitions3 ,,^u ,,8 ,,exile4 ,once ,i 0 ri* & bless$ ) fri5ds beyond measure1 ,&1 = a:ile1 ,=tune 0 prosp]\s too4 ,y w\ld h said t ! gods _h he>d my petition1 ,& t success _h taught me to conqu] anew4 ,(t5 ,i said to myself3 8,:at means ?is weal?y condition8 ,:at does x claim1 ?is swift great /ore ( my ga980-- ,woe to myself6 = fai? & confid5ce p]i%2 ,ev5 my prop]ty tea*es h[ ,i h heap$ x 9 va96 ,lightly ! w+ sweeps m5 & ! ?+s t !y *]i%1 ,& f ! highe/ /ation ru9 p\rs d[n to ! pla94 ,:at y possess to-day1 p]*ance y w lose by to-morr[1 ,or1 inde$1 z y speak1 x ceases p]haps to be y\rs4 ,^! are ! tricks ( our fate2 & haughtie/ k+s to _! sorr[1 ,& humble/ slaves %all f9d t no future endures4 ,lo1 :at is ,man6 & :at has he "r to inh]it8 ,:at is ! ?+ t 8 wret*$ness claims z its own8 ,?is1 ?is only is man2 ! ye>s press d[n on 8 _s ,always 9 sadde/ condition to utt] 8 f9al groan4 ,x is man's lot to h no?+--9 nak$ness com+2 & go+ ,back to 8 "m's brea/ to be> h] no ri*es aga94 ,x is man's lot to decay1 8 du/ on ! des]t be/[+1 ,& by sad /eps to climb to ! pyre ( 8 pa94 ,su* is 8 heir%ip ( good1 & "h ^u e>? he may ga!r ,no?+ m c]ta9 ?an ^!1 ! spoils ( a vani%+ fate4 ,ri*es & honor may greet him1 yea1 be 8 s]vants ! r2 ,weal?y at morn ?\gh 8 /ation1 poor %all at night be 8 /ate4 ,nor c a man disc]n ! p]man5t law ( possession ,save z he seeks to discov] ! nature ( mortal affairs4 ,yet does ,god give !m _! law1 conf]r+ !m ?r\gh 8 concession ,unto ! weak by 8 grace2 & _! go+ & com+ he %>es4 ,he by himself alone provides = & manages solely1 ,nor does he d\bt to provide nor v>y 9 managem5t /ill4 ,= :at he sees to be done he does1 & 8 rul+ is :olly ,laborless1 fix+ ! =m & ! "t & ! b\nds ( 8 w4 ,yea1 ?r\gh 8 zeal = our gr[? he places our limits & *anges ,^! by 8 occult laws1 himself rema9+ ! same4 ,himself rema9+ ! same1 :ile sickness & heal? he arranges1 ,sway+ ! _w & %[+ h[ hope mu/ be set on 8 "n4 ,if x be "r to tru/ !e1 !n1 all t ?\ doe/ or take/ ,he is beh9d x1 ,o ,=tune1 & he is ! s\rce ( ?y /r5g?4 ,nay1 ,i affirm1 ,o ,=tune1 h[ev] ?\ fixe/ or %ake/ ,?\ can/ n grieve me1 nor ov]mu* *e] me at l5g?4 ,he is almighty & t5d]1 ! concord & tru/ ( my treasure2 ,i %all be 8 =ev]1 :5 all 8 purpose is ?r\gh6 ,x may p]haps be well = u to obs]ve ! *>act]i/ics ( ,hildeb]t z we discov] !m 9 8 hymn4 ,!y w be f\nd to be ^? ( an oratorical repetition1 & inde$ ( t 8fatal octosyllabic0 flu5cy1 demon/rat$ 9 lat] times by ,skelton1 by ,butl]1 & by ,scott4 ,to a c]ta9 degree ! v]se is incapable ( any?+ l>ge or exultant4 ,b x is admirable = ! purpose to :i* he puts x4 ,inde$1 ,i knew no bett] way1 :5 ,hildeb]t's be/ admir] pass$ f ?is to a nobl] _w1 ?an to express my own sadness 9 simil> ,lat92 & ,i v5ture to close ?is *apt] ) ! clos+ l9es ( t tribute4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,c4 ,b5$ict made x 8 happie/ recreation to turn ! /ra9s ( ^! anci5t s+]s into mod]n v]se4 ,& x seem$ fitt+ t he %\ld be commemorat$ 9 ! v rhy?m he lov$ s well3 8,vir hone/e1 vir praecl>e6 ,tibi quidvis possim d>e ,8 v]siculis confeci2 ,hic1 coronam sup]jeci4 ,autem1 illic1 lux p]5nis ,pr(]et floresque p5nis ,aves pictis puro die2-- ,nihil dee/1 ,o tu pie6 ,tu qui t]ra s]us abis ,*ri/um unice laudabis4 ,vale6 quia non mor>is2 ,ave6 quia nunc laet>is60 8,unto !e s9c]e & wor?y ,"h ,i br+ a tribute e>?y4 ,9 ^! v]ses ,i h press$ x2 ,"h ^u ?y tomb ,i re/ x4 ,b ?yself1 9 light et]nal ,see/ fl[]s2 & birds sup]nal ,brightly flit ?r\gh sunny portals-- ,?\ do/ lack no joy ( mortals6 ,?\ :o late f u do/ sev] ,!re %all praise ! ,"l =ev]6 ,f>ewell6 = ?\ wilt n l+]2 ,hail6 = ?\ art !re a s+]60 ,yes1 :5 once ^! old monks 8so>$ beyond *a9s & prison0--:5 !y dream$ by night & talk$ by day ( ! l& t is v f> (f--!y drew to !m all lov+ he>ts f ! mo/ di/ant ages4 ,d\btless ,hildeb]t knew--& rejoic$ 9 kn[+--t 8 aspirations _h be5 caught 9 a mod]n city & by a we>y lawy]1 :o f\nd re/ & peace 9 _! /ra94 ,& d\btless 9 ! p]fectness ( ! pres5t rejoic+ !y bo? see & love :at !y once sigh$ to obta94 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,b]n>d ,,( ,,clairvaux4 ,!re is no lack ( mat]ial = a copi\s acc\nt ( ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux4 ,he 0 a man to become di/+ui%$ 9 any age ( ! _w1 & he took & ma9ta9$ ! highe/ place ( 8 "t4 ,8 faults are z pat5t z 8 virtues4 ,b1 if he _h n ^! faults1 he w\ld nev] h enjoy$ c]ta9 k9ds ( success4 ,8 v au/]ity 0 a m]it :5 x held 8 ke5 intellect /eadily to its m>k4 ,& 8 intol]ance1 n>r[ness1 ambition1 & love ( dialectics1 7 !mselves a "p ( ! great dem& :i* 8 g5]ation made ^u him4 ,i %all be responsible "h simply = a cond5sation & compilation ( facts1 a v diff]5t proce$+ f t :i* is usually ne$$4 ,9 ! case ( almo/ all ^! hymn-writ]s ! mat]ials are s slight & meagre z to require l>ge rese>*2 9 ?is case "o is ov]:elm$ ) ri*es4 ,i d n pr(ess to say h[ _m lives ( ,b]n>d h be5 writt51 b ,i "k ( a goodly numb]2 & no hi/ory ( 8 "t has fail$ to give att5tion to s prom95t a figure 9 religion & 9 /atecraft4 ,he 0 s+ul>ly situat$ 9 po9t ( "t & place4 ,born 9 ,burgundy1 n f> f ,dijon1 ( a fight+ family1 :o own$ a ca/le & 7 well repres5t$ 9 ! w>s1 he saw ! light 9 #ajia4 ,8 fa!r ,tessel9 0 a man :o _h le>n$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,*ri/ to be m c>eful n to wrong 8 neighbor ?an n to be wrong$ by him4 ,8 "m ,ali? 0 ! model *atela9e ( ! times1 full ( k9dness to ! poor & helpfulness to ! ne$y4 ,he 0 born at ! omphalos & c5tre ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,pet] ! ,h]mit :irl$ along 8 wild battalions almo/ beside 8 v cradle4 ,! little lad ( f\r ye>s mu/ h se5 ! /range excit$ ?rongs1 ) _! r$ crosses & _! bann]s1 & 9 ! du/ ( _! pass+ & 9 ! *ants ( _! praise1 he mu/ h be5 consci\s ( a c]ta9 en?usiasm :i* 0 to run ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,= sev]al ye>s ?is news 0 to m5 ! /aple ( all conv]sation4 ,! body ( _! own duke 0 f9ally br\ght back f ,pale/9e to 8 anci5t h]itage1 & laid1 by 8 own desire1 9 ! cemet]y ( ! poor monks ( ,citeaux4 ,!re1 9 ?is comp>atively rec5t mona/]y ne> ,dijon1 he _h select$ 8 la/ home1 9 pref]5ce to _m m opul5t & r5[n$ e/abli%m5ts4 ,! son ( ,burgundy's vassal ,tessel9 beheld ?is & o!r incid5ts4 ,8 bro!rs w5t to ! w>s ) ! next duke1 b he himself grew less & less incl9$ t[>d su* pursuits4 ,books =m$ 8 _w4 ,8 cell 0 aft]w>d said to be /or$ ) !m2 & he obta9$ easily ! cr$it ( be+ ! be/ in/ruct$ p]son ( 8 "t 9 ! ,bible & 9 ! works ( ! fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& already ^! t5d5cies 7 ar\s$ 9 ! y\? ( eighte5 or n9ete5 ye>s :o _h begun ! old-fa%ion$ au/]ities on 8 own acc\nt4 ,we are n surpris$ to f9d him neck-deep 9 ice-wat]2 /ung into intellectual vigor by ! rec5t victory ( ,abel>d ov] ,william ( ,*ampeaux2 ar\s$ into an actual prea*+ f]vor1 9 :i* he d5\nces ! s9s ( ! age2 cont9ually m9dful ( 8 dead "m ,ali?'s pray]s1 & f9ally resolv$ ^u ent]+ ! mona/ic ord] & ^u c>ry+ all 8 fri5ds & relations ) him4 ,t s+ul> ma/]y ( o!r m9ds1 :i* 0 8 at e p]iod h5ce=?1 n[ display$ itself4 ,x did n matt] t 8 bro!r ,guido _h a wife & family2 nor t 8 bro!r ,g]>d lov$ to fight a good deal bett] ?an he lov$ to pray4 ,into ! cloi/] !y mu/ g6 ,g]>d inde$ 0 some?+ aft] ! mann] ( ,lot's wife1 dispos$ to look back4 ,b 8 bro!r t\*$ him on ! side1 & by "s /range presci5ce or happy guess1 pr$ict$ to him a spe>-w\nd1 :i* actually happ5$4 ,on be+ ?us rem>kably w>n$1 ! soldi] rel5t$ z !y c>ri$ him w\nd$ (f ! field1 & cri$1 8,i turn monk1 monk ( ,citeaux40 ,?is 0 ! ,g]>d ov] :om1 long aft]w>d1 ,b]n>d deliv]$ t t\*+ s]mon1 :]e he bran*$ out f ! ,song ( ,solomon 7#a3e7 to decl>e t ?is body 8is n ! mansion ( ! citiz51 nor ! h\se ( ! native1 b ei!r ! soldi]'s t5t or ! travell]'s inn20 & !n p\r$ =? 8 full he>t 9 a tide ( uncontrollable & l(ty grief4 ,s ! y\? m>*$ into ! poor mona/]y ( ,citeaux1 :]e scanty food1 r\gh clo?+1 h>% surr\nd+s & occasional epidemic disord]s _h ne>ly di%e>t5$ & brok5 up ! company ( monks4 ,/eph5 ,h>d+1 _! ,engli% abbot1 0 pr\dly indiff]5t to all patronage2 b he 0 n s bl9d z n to p]ceive t ,b]n>d1 ) ?irty captives ( ! b[ & spe> ( 8 eloqu5ce1 0 a valuable addition to a deplet$ community4 ,^! ,ci/]cians1 !n & always1 7 rigidi/s4 ,up !y got at two 9 ! morn+ to pray] & 8mat9s20 & = full two h\rs 7 busy1 9 a cold d>k *apel1 ov] !m4 ,!n1 ) ! fir/ dawn ( light1 out aga9 to 8lauds40 ,be=e ?is s]vice1 & aft] x1 ! monk's "t 0 fairly 8 own2 b at two o'clock he d9$1 at nightfall he _h 8vesp]s10 & at six or eight 7accord+ to ! season7 came 8compl9e10 & !n imm$iately ! dormitory & b$4 ,su* 0 ! life1 ) a little m ( x on ,sundays1 & ) s]mons int]sp]s$ at int]vals4 ,!re is no m5tion ( breakfa/ or supp]6 ,& 9 su* a life ! ec/atic1 my/ical "* ( ,b]n>d rose into visions & prophecies4 ,8 body 0 ne>ly subjugat$1 & 8 ta/e1 &1 inde$1 all 8 s5ses1 appe>$ to h des]t$ him4 ,he wat*$1 he dug1 he hew$ & c>ri$ wood2 he kept ! v lett]1 & m ?an ! lett] ( 8 mona/ic rule4 ,& yet1 z ,morison acutely obs]ves1 ?is v ab/raction f p & ?+s gave him t delight 9 nature f :i*1 s (t5 9 ! future1 he 0 to cat* ! illu/ration or ! inspiration ( 8 disc\rse4 8,bee*es & oaks10 he said1 8_h ev] be5 8 be/ tea*]s 9 ! ,^w ( ,god40 ,b n[ ,citeaux 7sudd5ly become prosp]\s7 mu/ colonize2 & :o s fit to lead ! sw>m f ! gates & f\nd ! new hive z ?is same ,b]n>d8 ,into 8 h&s ,abbot ,/eph5 puts ! cross1 & he & 8 twelve companions m>* solemnly across ! int]dict$ b\nd>ies ( _! little ,ci/]cian home1 & ne>ly a hundr$ miles to ! nor?w>d4 ,!re he *ooses a place :i* exhibits1 z ,b]n>d's actions g5]ally d1 ! f>-sight$ sagacity :i* takes mean & wor?less matt]s & makes !m :at1 ) "r h&l+1 !y are able to become4 ,x is a valley--! 8,valley ( ,wormwood40 ,x is gr[n up ) und]bru% & is a haunt ( robb]s4 ,b "h1 ) ! riv] ,aube w9d+ d[n betwe5 ! hills1 ) ! hills !mselves capable ( culture1 & ) ! future ( ?is little vale reveal$ to 8 prophetic eye1 he sets 8 cloi/] & calls x ,clairvaux--8,fair ,valley10 or 8,brightdale40 ,i wi% t ,i c\ld quote ! beautiful picture t ,vaughan 7,h\rs ) ! ,my/ics1 ,book ,v41 *ap4 #a7 has giv5 ( ?is f9e ent]prise4 ,we %\ld see ,b]n>d & 8 monks *opp+ & b9d+ fagots2 plant+ v9es & trees ( goodly fruit2 re>+ _! cloi/ral build+s1 :5 ! "t arriv$1 out ( ! v mat]ials ab\t !m1 & s /eadily trans=m+ purgatory into p>adise4 ,!re %\ld we see ! riv] b5d+ its great %\ld]s to ! :eels t drive full+-mill & gri/-mill2 or toil+ = !m 9 _! tann]y1 or fill+ _! cald>ium4 ,we %\ld see ! monks at v9tage or at h>ve/2 press+ ! clu/]s f yond] hill1 or ga!r+ ! hay f yond] mead[4 ,& ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ?is busy1 en]getic life1 we %\ld behold ! wa/$ figure ( _! *ief--au/]e1 s9c]e1 sev]e4 ,& we %\ld feel t unacc\ntable p]sonality--t intr9sic1 magnetic1 controll+ quality :i* made ?is ! man above all o!rs to be ! oppos] ( s*ismatics1 ! c\nsellor ( k+s1 ! e/abli%] ( popes1 & ! prea*] ( ! ,second ,crusade4 ,clairvaux 0 8 k+dom1 & f ,clairvaux he rul$ ! m$iaeval _w4 ,8 p]sonal appe>ance 0 9 keep+ ) ?is idea--x 0 ! evid5t cause ( an evid5t effect4 ,he 0 tall] ?an ! middle height & exce$+ly ?94 ,8 complexion 0 8cle>1 transp>5t1 r$-&-:ite20 & always he _h "s color 9 8 wa/$ face4 ,8 be>d 0 r$di%1 &--accord+ to 8 ance/ral d]ivation1 call$ ,sorus or 8yell[-hair$0--8 own hair 0 light & p]haps tawny4 ,?is be>d gr[s :it] 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s1 & ^! holl[ *eeks gl[ ) ! en?usiasm ( ! orator z he speaks4 ,!n he is at 8 be/6 ,he fl+s aside all feebl5ess2 he disreg>ds e consid]ation except ! tru?2 he fla%es & glitt]s z ! trem5d\s squadrons ( 8 brilliant logic1 or /ill m brilliant exhortation1 press d[n ^u ! li/5+ s\l4 ,he _h inde$ a p]fect confid5ce 9 himself1 9 8 me?ods1 & 9 8 ultimate success4 ,he 0 l a mod]n ocean /eam]1 iron-hull$1 /eam-driv51 %>p-pr[$1 cutt+ ?r\gh all /orms )\t det5tion1 & rid+ ! wilde/ waves 9 8 triumphant c\rse to victory4 ,!re is 9 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux a mo/ s+ul> comb9ation ( ! dream] & ! man ( affairs4 ,vaughan has too admirably cond5s$ ! /ory ( ^! int]ruptions & occupations1 = me to avoid quot+1 at lea/ ?is mu*1 f 8 capital monograph3 8,/ruggl+ ,*ri/5dom10 he says1 8s5t incessant monks & prie/s1 c\ri]s & m5-at-arms to knock & bl[ horns at ! gate ( ,clairvaux ,abbey2 = ,b]n>d1 & none b he1 mu/ come out & fight t audaci\s ,abel>d2 ,b]n>d mu/ decide betwe5 rival popes1 & cross ! ,alps1 "t aft] "t1 to quiet toss+ ,italy2 ,b]n>d alone is ! hope ( fugitive ,pope & trembl+ ,*ur*2 he only c w9 back turbul5t nobles1 ali5at$ p1 recreant prie/s1 :5 ,arnold ( ,brescia is 9 arms at ,rome1 & :5 ,ca?>i/s1 ,petrobrusians1 ,wald5ses & h]etics ( e %ade1 ?reat5 ! hi]>*y on ei!r side ! ,alps2 & at ! prea*+ ( ,b]n>d ! ,*ri/ian _w p\rs out to meet ! disa/] ( a new crusade40 ,yet ) all ?is he is a pr(\nd s*ol>1 & 8 comm5ts on ,scripture are ( a my/ical1 & (t5 ( a s]5ely spiritual & ?\ghtful k9d1 z ?\gh no intrusion c\ld j> ! h>mony & poise ( 8 s\l4 ,8 0 t /range contradiction ( nature :i* f\nd its calm 9 tumult & its ec/asy 9 conflict4 ,ob/ructions pass away4 ,l t lat] my/ic1 ,novalis 7,fri$ri* von ,h>d5b]g71 !re are no h9drances 9 8 communion ) ! unse5 _w2 he c\ld1 p]haps1 d z ,novalis did :5 ,sophie ,khn di$4 ,= ! poor fell[ records 9 8 di>y3 8,mu* noise 9 ! h\se4 ,i w5t to h] grave & _h a few wild mom5ts ( joy40 ,& ( him also ,j decl>es3 8,no _s-dream 0 too high1 no bus9ess detail too l[20 = ,novalis 9 #agii 0 8,assessor & ,law-advis] to ! ,salt ,m9es ( ,?ur+ia40 ,pegasus 9 h>ness appe>s no worse a contradiction ?an a my/ic 9 a salt-pan1 or a ,b]n>d epi/oliz+ ! ,c\nt ( ,*ampagne ab\t a drove ( /ol5 pigs4 ,prose & poetry1 poetry & prose6 ,& yet ! bra9 & s\l t c d good "w 9 ! "o are by no means disqualifi$ = ! o!r2 & y\r true/ my/ics are n likely to we> long hair & talk rav+ nons5se among impractical neologi/s4 ,= ,b]n>d1 ev5 ?\gh he made conv]ts :]ev] he w5t1 & drew increas+ numb]s into cloi/] walls1 ex]t$ a pot5t & preval5t influ5ce ^u 8 "t4 ,he is "o ( ! ligh?\ses1 z we sail d[n ! coa/ ( ! ,middle ,ages2 & n until we pass him & 8 compe]s1 d ! real d>kness & ! dull ignorance1 ! %oals & ! unm>k$ rocks appe>1 ready to wreck ! v5tures ( ! m9d4 ,h[ gladly "o w\ld l+] ov] ^! fasc9at+ incid5ts 9 ?is rem>kable c>e]6 ,! man's life 0 express$ 9 "s ( 8 own aphorisms4 ,!y are su* z ^!3 8,!re is no tru] wret*$ness ?an a false joy40 8,he does n please :o pleases n himself40 8,y w give to y\r voice ! voice ( virtue if y h fir/ p]suad$ y\rself ( :at y w\ld p]suade o!rs40 8,hold ! middle l9e unless y wi% to miss ! true me?od40 ,^! are ! maxims ( an orator z well z ( a /atesman4 ,& ! junction ( imag9ation1 analysis1 logic1 f]vor1 & fai?1 made ?is man :at he 04 ,already he _h tri$ 8 w+s 9 prea*+ to 8 own monks at morn+ & ev5+2 & !y _h li/5$ to him z ?\gh he _h come f ano!r _w4 ,he dealt ) ! great & vital que/ions ( ! moral nature4 ,l ! be/ ( our mod]n prea*]s1 he aim$ to su/a9 ! s\l1 to ar\se & to *e] x1 & to bid x press =w>d to a victory :i* he himself =esaw4 ,he might h said ( su* aspir+ sa9ts z surr\nd$ him :at ,roscoe says3 8,i see1 or ! glory bl9ds me ,( a s\l div9ely fair1 ,peace aft] great tribulation ,& victory hung 9 ! air40 ,he felt1 ) ,lacordaire1 t ! ,gospel _h a new mean+1 :5 he discov]$ t x 0 int5d$ = ! com=t ( ! human he>t4 ,he 0 at "o ) 8 monks2 & z he rea*$ out t[>d ! social life ab\t him1 & t[>d ! turbid torr5ts ( politics & ecclesia/icism ov] :i* he mu/ ?r[ ! bridge ( *>ity or ( fai?1 he simply transf]r$ ! ,clairvaux me?od into ! affairs ( m54 ,x 0 an age ( de/ruction1 & into x he 0 ca/+ ! salt ( ! ,gospel1 hop+ at lea/ to make x salvable4 ,ar\nd 8 life ne$less leg5ds & sup]/iti\s traditions h comb9$ to clu/]1 b ! real ,b]n>d is di/9ct f bo?4 ,he nev] relax$ 8 grip ^u himself or ^u o!rs4 ,& :ile ?is is n yet ! place to speak ( ! fam\s controv]sy ) ,abel>d1 x may be prop]ly said t ,b]n>d saw t5d5cies 9 t philosophy :i* 7 g5u9ely dang]\s2 & t he defeat$ !m because tru? 7h[ev] n>r[ & selfi%ly employ$7 is always /rong] ?an error4 ,su* 0 also 8 p[] 9 prea*+ ! crusade 9 #aade1 :5 he 0 ab\t fifty-five ye>s ( age4 ,x sprang f ! qu5*less fire ( 8 zeal1 z :5 at ,vezelai1 /&+ by ! side ( ,l\is ,,vii41 he caus$ su* en?usiasm 9 ! cr[d b5ea?1 t he did no?+ s long z he rema9$ 9 ! t[n b make crosses = !m to we> 9 sign ( _! holy purpose4 ,he _h liv$ to see ! ,knights ,templ>s1 :i* _h receiv$ 8 own especial approval1 become "o ( ! mo/ fam\s ord]s on ! globe4 ,! ,knights ,hospitall]s _h be5 incorporat$ 9 #aaac1 & ! ,templ>s 7 f\nd$ 9 #aaah by ,hugo de ,paganis & o!rs4 ,b 9 #aabh1 at ! ,c\ncil ( ,troyes1 !re 7 b n9e ( !m1 all told1 to keep _! v[ ( 8*a/ity1 ob$i5ce1 & pov]ty10 to 8gu>d ! passes & roads aga9/ robb]s10 & to 8wat* ov] ! safety ( pilgrims40 ,hugo !n appeal$ to ,b]n>d1 & by 8 influ5ce ! c\ncil recogniz$ ?is weak ?+1 de/9$ s soon to be a mighty =ce1 & :i* comb9$ two ( ! /ronge/ ( our in/9cts--t to fight & t to pray4 ,& n[ z 9 8 old age he saw ! corruption :i* 0 creep+ into x & into o!r ag5cies on :i* 8 he>t _h be5 set1 he relax$ no atom ( 8 vigilance4 ,he _h se5 ! failure ( 8 crusade1 b x did n mu* affect him4 ,8 ?\ghts 7 n[ ( heav51 & 8 wat*+ 0 t he might be prep>$ to ent] its gates4 ,8 pr9cipal fri5ds _h all di$2 ,sug]1 9 #aaej1 ,!obald ( ,*ampagne1 9 #aaeb1 & ,pope ,eug5ius1 8 lov$ disciple1 9 #aaec4 ,x 0 9 ?is ye> t ,b]n>d also made himself ready to g4 ,on ,janu>y #ab? he said ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & !n1 rais+ up :at 8 admir]s 7 wont to call 8 8dove-l0 eyes1 he pray$ t ,god's w might be done4 ,& s1 quietly & peacefully1 he pass$ away4 ,he has left beh9d him mu* z an ecclesia/1 b m z a poet4 ,i hold ,b]n>d to be ! real au?or ( ! mod]n hymn--! hymn ( fai? & wor%ip4 ,! poetry ( ,fab]1 :i* is n[ s ne> to ! he>t ( ! ,*ur*1 is peculi>ly 9 ?is key4 ,! ,salve ,caput cru5tatum came to u ?r\gh ,paul ,g]h>dt1 & has become 7?r\gh ! translation ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,alex&]1 a man ( k9dr$ _s ) ,b]n>d7 our 8,o sacr$ head1 n[ w\nd$40 ,g]h>dt's own hymn-writ+--! mo/ effici5t1 except ,lu!r's1 9 ! ,g]man tongue--is wond]fully affect$ by ,b]n>d4 ,! ,jesu dulcis memoria 0 r5d]$ by ,c\nt ,z9z5dorf & became fam\s among ^? spiritual s\ls1 ! ,moravians4 ,& ,edw>d ,caswell's translations--z ,i h already notic$--are supremely f9e 9 _s & 9 expression4 ,i %all n attempt "h :at has be5 s capitally done already4 ,! ,*ur* univ]sal has made ,b]n>d h] own2 & ! v translations ( 8 v]ses h be5 half-inspir$4 ,& :ile we s+1 8,jesus1 ! v ?\ght ( !e ,) sweetness fills my brea/10 we %all s+ 8) ! _s & ) ! und]/&+10 ! v /ra9 t ! ,abbot ( ,clairvaux 0 s5t on e>? to tea*6 ,!y canoniz$ him 9 #aagd--;b x is bett] to h writt5 a song = all sa9ts ?an to be f\nd 9 any brevi>y4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,abel>d4 ,f ! =egr\nd ( ! wav+ bann]s & ! fla%+ arms ( ! ,crusad]s1 ( ! d>k ?rong ( ! *ant+ monks1 & ( feudal pageantry & glitt]--& f t backgr\nd ( dead uni=mity :i* equally *>act]iz$ ^? m$iaeval times--em]ges a figure unique & notable4 ,x is t ( a man 9 ! prime & pride ( life--l(ty 9 /ature1 h&some 9 face1 captivat+ 9 address4 ,he is already a tri$ debat] & an unsurpass$ logician4 ,he has ,ari/otle at ! tip ( 8 tongue2 he has read mu* & ?\ght a little1 & 8 ambition is great4 ,su* a man came "o day into ! lecture hall ( ,william ( ,*ampeaux at ,p>is4 ,x 0 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & ,william 0 ! mo/ celebrat$ tea*] ( ! p]iod1 8 8doctr9e ( univ]sals0 be+ accept$ almo/ z ?\gh x 7 inspir$4 ,b ?is morn+1 :ile ! ma/] lectur$ & ! disciples drank 9 8 words )\t criticism or debate1 ! visitor /irr$ uneasily 9 8 place4 ,:5 ! lecture clos$ he avail$ himself ( ! usual fre$om to ask "s que/ions4 ,to ,william's dogmatic answ]s ! /rang] 9 8 turn propos$ %rewd difficulties4 ,x 0 no long] ! h>mony ( tea*] & taught1 b ! cla% ( two rival m9ds ma9ta9+ opposite sy/ems ( logic4 ,& 9 t %ort /ruggle ,william ! ,ar*deacon w5t d[n be=e ! free lance ( ,pet] ,abel>d1 ! ru/ic *all5g] f ,palais 7,le ,pallet7 9 ,brittany4 ,& f t agitation w5t out ! wid5+ circles ^: /ory we are n[ to note1 & ^: late/ ripples break fa9tly on a tomb 9 ,pre-la-,*aise visit$ by ?\s&s ( mod]n t\ri/s4 ,few tales are sadd] or m sugge/ive4 ,! "n ( ,abel>d is v>i\sly spell$4 ,x appe>s 9 div]s au?orities z ,abel>d1 ,abael>d1 ,abaiel>dus1 ,abail>d1 ,abaill>d1 ,abelh>dus1 & ,abeill>d4 ,! true "n 7on ! au?ority ( ,*4 de ,rmusat7 01 h[ev]1 n ,abel>d1 b ,b]ang] or ,b]5g]2 & ! future controv]siali/ 0 *ri/5$ ,pi]re or ,pet]4 ,8 bir?place is ne> ,nantes1 ! h\se be+ repres5t$ a few ye>s ago by a squ>e bri]-gr[n ru9 back ( ! *ur*4 ,! date ( 8 bir? is giv5 z #ajgi--;a p]iod :5 ! _w 0 feudal & milit>y4 ,b ?is lad 0 born = debate & n = battle4 ,x may ev5 be s]i\sly d\bt$ if he ev] possess$ mu* physical c\rage ( a sort to /& ! r\gh %ock ( actual w>f>e4 ,he pref]r$ ! me?od ( ^? :o int]m$dle among metaphysical subtleties to ^? :o mu/ keep sword edges %>p & armor furbi%$4 ,8 delight 0 to dispute1 to be engag$ 9 und]tak+s 8,^: *ief devotion lies ,9 odd p]v]se antipa?ies2 ,9 fall+ out ) t or ?is ,& f9d+ some:at /ill amiss40 ,9 ^? days n to be a w>rior 0 to be--almo/ ( compulsion--a monk4 ,b ,abel>d's indep5d5ce =bade ! second z 8 disputati\s _s _h =bidd5 ! fir/4 ,he w\ld nei!r risk 8 neck 9 ! w>s nor 8 op9ions 9 ! cloi/]4 ,in/ead ( ^! he pref]r$ ! irregul> combats ( ! s*ol>1 & ,bayle--) a t\* ( poetry--beholds him z he comes %9+ out ( ,brittany 8d>t+ syllogisms on e side40 ,su* 0 ,pet] ,abel>d--va91 h&some1 op9ionat$1 b\nd to swe> by no ma/]1 a mighty voice cry+ 9 ! des]t ( ! ,d>k ,ages = 8free spee* & free ?\ght40 ,! exp$ition to ,p>is hurt nei!r 8 reputation nor 8 purse4 ,he arriv$ at p]ihelion z quickly z a comet4 ,william ( ,*ampeaux--hav+ fir/ pu%$ him (f & =c$ him to lecture on 8 own acc\nt at ,melun & ,corbeil--f\nd t he return$ l a cork ?ru/ "u wat]4 ,! man's buoyant1 aggressive self-reliance1 n to say self-conceit1 0 nev] cont5t$ ) an inf]ior place4 ,& :ile ,alb]ic & ,littulf & "s ( ! old] & m /aid ( 8 pupils held ) ,william1 x 0 pla9 t ! popul> favor incl9$ to ! o!r side4 ,! y\ng] m5 7 all = ,abel>d4 ,! 8doctr9e ( univ]sals0 0 explod$ z if ) "s ( ,fri> ,bacon's 8villa9\s saltpetre10 & d\btless ! loss 0 small en\gh to mank9d4 ,8 pr9cipal =t be+ tak51 !re 0 no?+ left = ! oppos+ g5]al b a ma/]ly retreat4 ,h5ce1 by a conv5i5t arrangem5t1 comb9+ sev]al advantages1 ,guillaume des ,*ampeaux became ,bi%op ( ,*alons-sur-,m>ne4 ,& x 01 ( c\rse1 b5ea? ! dignity ( a bi%op to hold lectures or to engage 9 logical controv]sies6 ,b1 z g5]ally happ5s1 a s&-bag sub/itute 0 put 9 ! bi%op's place2 & ,abel>d came back to op5 a s*ool on ,mt4 ,/4 ,g5evieve & to bomb>d ?is pr(essor4 ,! battle 0 %ort & decisive1 = ! next we le>n ( ?is nameless *ampion ( a defeat$ cause1 he is absolutely enroll$ z a humble foll[] ( ! great logician4 ,?is is b a fair sample ( ! g5]al success :i* att5d$ ! new ideas4 ,ev]y:]e !y ga9$ curr5cy1 attract+ inquiry1 ar\s+ envy1 awak+ ecclesia/ical suspicion1 & inflam+ ! hatr$ ( 8 defeat$ oppon5ts4 ,ab\t ?is "t ( inception & premonition1 say #aaac1 ,abel>d und]took to exam9e ! in/ruction giv5 by ,william's tea*]1 ,anselm ( ,laon1 :o !re vegetat$ z dean ( ! ca!dral *ur*4 ,we mu/ n confuse 8 "n ) t ( ! great ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 ^: me?od & sci5ce h outla/$ ! mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies1 & :om ,ne&] /yles 8! ,augu/9e ( ! twelf? c5tury40 ,_h he be5 ! tea*] & ,abel>d ! pupil1 hi/ory might h made a diff]5t record4 ,a pr(\nd] & a m rev]5t l9e ( ?\ght might h affect$ ! acute & d>+ m9d ( ! ris+ dialectician4 ,&1 above e o!r consid]ation1 ! new philosophy might h conta9$ ^? elem5ts ( religion ^: abs5ce neutraliz$ = c5turies t :olesome indep5d5ce :i* held m]e dogmatism *eap z comp>$ to ! sacr$ light ( tru?4 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 h be5 well if su* an ,anselm _h be5 at ,laon1 b ! dean 0 a weak & futile p]son4 ,& s x 0 inevitable t ,abel>d %\ld aga9 be 9 tr\ble & almo/ 9 disgrace1 b ev5 9 8 pa!tic ,hi/oria ,calamitatum ! pupil did n =get to satirize 8 ma/]4 8,he 0 t sort ( a man10 he says1 8t if any w5t to him be+ unc]ta9 he return$ m unc]ta9 /ill4444 ,:5 he lit a fire he fill$ 8 h\se ) smoke1 b he did n bright5 x ) light40 ,he adds1 s>ca/ically1 t ,anselm's philosophy always sugge/$ to 8 m9d ! /ory ( ! fig-tree t our ,"l curs$ because x bore pl5ty ( leaves & no fruit4 ,abel>d himself1 h[ev]1 0 a g5u9e educator1 & _m bi%ops & o!r ecclesia/ics1 ) n9ete5 c>d9als & two popes1 came f ! ranks ( 8 pupils4 ,he lov$ lib]ty1 al?\gh he lov$ x to t ext5t to :i* 8 own w--& no o!r au?ority1 human or div9e--re/rict$ x4 ,9 ?is he diff]$ f ,anselm ( ,cant]bury1 :o lov$ lib]ty1 n accord+ to lic5se b accord+ to law4 ,m]e fre$om to inquire1 to compla91 or to !orize1 does n inv>iably c>ry ) x pr(itable results4 ,& ,abel>d--^: v fre$om 0 9 itself a noble revelation to ! %ackl$ intellects ( 8 age--committ$ ! grave error ( suppos+ t ! sweep ( a free h& w\ld c]ta9ly give l9es ( beauty & =ms ( grace4 ,some?+ deep] ?an ! m]e di/a/e ( false op9ions is ne$ful = ?is4 ,art1 m$itation1 tru?--all mu/ lie b5ea? ! ,o ( ,giotto or ! ma/]ly /rokes ( ,apelles4 ,& our rhetorician w\ld h done well to h conf9$ himself to ! ,trivium--gramm>1 rhetoric1 & dialectics4 ,:5 he und]took !ology he fir/ qu>rell$ ) ,anselm ( ,laon1 & next he enc\nt]$ all ,*ri/5dom & ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux4 ,8 0 ! fatal blund] ( e 8free inquir]0 :o =gets rev]5ce1 & :o1 9 8 pride ( intellect1 may likely fall z ! angels fell4 ,surely no ,lucif] ev] plung$ m swiftly d[n f heav5's battlem5ts ?an did poor ,pet] ,abel>d f ! dizzy height ( 8 sudd5 success4 ,?is is no place to criticise 8 8sy/em10 if sy/em x c be prop]ly call$4 ,! ,sic et ,non--8,yes & ,no0--8 mo/ fam\s "w1 is really a m]e *all5ge4 ,he quotes ! ,bible aga9/ ! ,fa!rs & ! ,fa!rs aga9/ ! ,bible1 t\*+ on deep tideways & bogs & quicks&s :i* he nev] attempts to =d1 fa?om1 or bridge4 ,! ,arians1 ,sabellians1 ,ne/orians & ,pelagians are resuscitat$ 9 ^! pages4 ,he fl+s _! d\bts be=e u l a gauntlet ca/ into ! ar5a ( debate4 ,"o may *oose :i* side he w take4 ,su* a man1 aris+ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury & claim+ sympa?y ) ,*ri/ianity1 w\ld be by "s suspect$ z a secret enemy & 8 vanity w\ld loos5 8 armor = ! entrance ( _m a v5om$ %aft4 ,8 g5u9e ardor w\ld be misund]/ood & 8 op9ions w\ld be heavily attack$ be=e !y c\ld deploy at _! full /r5g?4 ,if ?is be true to-day h[ inf9itely m true mu/ x h be5 ( an age n>r[]1 m illit]ate1 & ) an arm :i* wield$ n 9 va9 ! sword ( excision aga9/ h]etics6 ,?is1 !n1 0 ! man :o 9 ! prime ( manhood & at ! topmo/ peak ( prosp]ity f\nd himself ) money 9 8 pocket1 9 ,p>is1 & 8 own ma/]4 ,he _h n yet said ( ! dogmas ( ,"m ,*ur* z ,lu!r said ( ,tetzel1 8,by ,god's help ,i w g d[n & beat a hole 9 y\r drum40 ,hi!rto he _h safely kept to ,ari/otle--at once ! bless+ & ! bane ( ,middle-,age reason]s--& he _h ! va+lori\s s5se t five ?\s& /ud5ts hung brea?less on 8 words4 ,he consid]$ himself ^u ! firme/ foot+ t "o c\ld desire1 & behold1 he fell6 ,! 8damn$ spot0 ( ,abel>d's "* is t :i*1 aft] all1 has insur$ 8 fame4 ,&1 s9ce x is indisp5sable1 a few s5t5ces mu/ exhibit x 9 its repulsive ugl9ess4 ,=tunately1 or un=tunately1 we d n ne$ ! help ( any o!r biograph] ?an 8 own bitt] s\l4 ,8 ,hi/oria ,calamitatum is ! suffici5t hi/ory4 ,9 ?is he tells u t 8 life _h be5 previ\sly irreproa*able & ( ! /ricte/ moral correctness4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 he began to 8let himself g0--h[ f>1 or h[ fa/1 x is ( no use = u to inve/igate4 ,b ,fulb]t1 ! ,canon ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame1 _h a p]fect ,hypatia = a niece1 & to ?is lady ,abel>d's gaze 0 turn$4 ,%e 0 eighte51 & !re 0 an irresi/ible *>m ab\t h]1 z ( "s fragrant :ite lily4 ,%e 0 a woman fit to l5d grace & beauty to prosaic surr\nd+s4 ,& ,abel>d has ! unspeakable audacity to decl>e t he1 a man ( ?irty-eight1 delib]ately select$ ?is pure & p]fect fl[] & meant to take x = himself4 ,n to m>ry2 = ! tru? dem&s t we %\ld p]ceive 8 own ?or\gh appreciation ( ! fact t m>riage w\ld s9k him out ( ! ranks ( s*ol>s into ^? ( tradesm5 & w\ld be ! dea?-bl[ to 8 ambition4 ,n to m>ry2 = x 0 a bad age1 & s9 sometimes clo!d itself 9 ! c[l ( ! monk & ! robe ( ! prelate1 & su* a s9 0 bett] =giv5 ?an su* a blund]4 ,let all contemporane\s hi/ory be> witness6 ,= e acc\nt ( ! lives ( ,heloise & ,abel>d reveals ! impossibility ( pass+ ^! unpleasant facts )\t notice or comm5t4 ,on ?is pivot turns ! gold5 _w ( t dea?less love4 ,s ! av>ici\s ,fulb]t took ,abel>d to dwell 9 8 own h\se1 & gave 8 niece's education entirely into 8 c>e1 &1 z h] tea*] himself expresses x1 deliv]$ h] 8l a lamb to a hungry wolf40 ,heloise 0 probably ! bett] educat$ ( ! two4 ,%e 0 ! *ild ( unkn[n p>5ts4 ,bayle ass]ts t %e 0 ! daught] ( a prie/1 & 8 facilities & labori\sness respect+ su* ab/ruse p>ticul>s no "o w "q4 ,! au?ority f :i* he is possibly quot+1 says t ?is prie/ 0 ,john 8,somebody0 7nescio cujus7 & a canon ( ! same ca!dral ) ,fulb]t at ,p>is4 ,d\btless ! trace ( h] ance/ry is utt]ly lo/ to u beyond ^! meagre items4 ,ev5 ,fulb]t's alleg$ relation%ip has be5 que/ion$4 ,b ! s*ol>%ip ( ,heloise speaks = itself 9 a t]se1 sp>kl+ ,lat9 /yle1 :i* is z pleasant beside ,abel>d's lumb]+ s5t5ces z a bright m\nta9 brook beside a turbid & turbul5t /ream4 ,c\nt de ,bussy-,rabut9--no mean critic--has put on record t he nev] read m elegant ,lat94 ,%e also und]/ood ,greek & ,hebrew1 ) nei!r ( :i*1 /range to say1 0 ,abel>d acqua9t$4 ,& at fir/ blu% x w\ld seem t ! tea*] %\ld h be5 ! pupil4 ,absolute ju/ice requires t ! ugly & disgraceful slurs 9 ! ,hi/oria ,calamitatum1 & ev5 9 ! correspond5ce1 %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,"h is :at w s]ve = a fair example4 ,he says ( h]1 ,quae cum p] faciem non esset infima1 p] abundantiam litt]>um erat suprema--:ile %e 0 n exactly ! wor/-look+ ( !m1 %e 0 ! be/ educat$2 & !re=e he select$ h]6 ,! spretae injuria =mae nev] w5t fur!r ?an ?is4 ,b ?is is by no means ! solit>y in/ance ( t l[ sn>l 9 :i* ! curri% nature ( ! ,breton ru/ic n[ & !n indulg$4 ,:at1 !n1 c\ld h be5 ! spell by :i* ?is *>m+ woman drew ,*ri/5dom aft] h]8 ,popes & bi%ops call$ h] 8belov$ daught]10 prie/s entitl$ h] 8si/]10 & all laym5 laid claim to h] z 8"m40 ,if %e 7 n s beautiful z "s au?orities positively /ate1 %e mu/ c]ta9ly h be5 m>vell\sly captivat+4 ,b *iefe/ ( h] _m graces 0 h] cr[n+ loyalty & love4 ,x %[$ itself 9 p]fect sympa?y1 9 entire self-devotion4 ,mi*elet1 inde$1 has obs]v$ t ! leg5d ( ,abel>d & ,heloise is all t has surviv$ 9 ,france out ( ! /ory ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,nor has ! unanimity ( lit]>y judgm5t ^u ^! lov]s be5 less rem>kable ?an ! int]e/ :i* !y h inspir$4 ,) "o voice ,abel>d is condemn$ & ) "o voice ,heloise is extoll$4 8,%e 010 says a brilliant writ]1 8a great1 h]oic woman1 "o ( ^? =m$ out ( ! f9e/ clay ( humanity40 8,) ! ,grecian fire10 says ano!r1 8%e _h ! ,roman firmness40 ,& ev5 ! rude picture :i* ! me*anical t\* ( ,alex&] ,pope has pa9t$1 leaves to u 9 ! 8,epi/le ( ,heloise0 a trace ( ! same beauty1 & af=ds "o l9e-- 8,& graft my love immortal on ?y fame0-- :i* only ne$s to be rev]s$ 9 ord] to be prophetic4 ,morison's tribute is bo? nobl] & m acute1 = he te/ifies1 8,%e walk$ ?r\gh life ) ev]-rev]t$ glances on ! glory ( h] girli% love40 ,x 0 ! same ?\ght :i* ,dante--aft] ,boe?ius--puts into ! lips ( ,francesca-- 8,!re is no great] sorr[ ,?an to be m9dful ( ! happy "t ,9 mis]y1 & t ?y ,tea*] kn[s40 ,nay1 x is ev5 ! v cameo out ( ,t5nyson3 8,z :5 a s\l lam5ts1 :i* ha? be5 bless$1 ,desir+ :at is m+l$ ) pa/ ye>s1 ,9 ye>n+s t c nev] be express$ ,by sighs1 or groans1 or te>s40 ,?is is ! he>t :i* ,abel>d won4 ,w9n+ x he won1 & =ev] held1 ! woman ^: x 04 ,f t mom5t %e m]g$ h] :ole exi/5ce 9 8 ) a complete & utt] ab&onm5t ( self1 to ! p]fectness ( :i* let h] epi/les f ! ,p>aclete be> te/imony4 ,across ?is /ory ( undeviat+ devotion ,abel>d's vanity1 pride1 & co>s5ess are writt5 ) sme>s & /a9s1 l an illit]ate monk :o blots 8 comm5ts ^u a preci\s missal full ( sa9ts & angels4 ,=1 fir/ ( 8 (f5ces1 he reveal$ ?is love ( 8 by really becom+ a tr\bad\r4 ,he compos$ v]ses 9 ! ,romance tongue1 rec\nt+ _! loves1 & set !m to su* /irr+ tunes t all ! _w 0 soon s++ !m4 ,h5ce grew ! leg5d t ! 8,romance ( ! ,rose0 7,roman de la ,rose7 0 8 composition4 ,x und\bt$ly conta9s _! /ory1 b x 0 n 8 "w2 x belongs to ,william de ,loris & ,jean de ,meung4 ,b1 z = ,heloise1 %e 0 delight$4 ,:at w\ld h be5 a cr[n ( sorr[ to o!r wom5 0 to h] a cr[n ( joy4 ,%e ev5 ann\nc$ to ,abel>d 8) ! utmo/ exultation0 ! adv5t ( t unhappy be+ *ri/5$ ,a/rolabe & de/9$ to pass 8 =sak5 & lonely exi/5ce %ut up 9 a cloi/]4 ,t p sang ( ?is love2 t x w5t to ! ends ( ! e>?2 t no?+ c\ld prev5t its be+ kn[n--^! 7 ! happ9esses ( ,heloise4 ,( ! m]it ( ! songs we _c ourselves decide4 ,!y 7 orig9ally anonym\s1 & only ^? famili> ) ! crabb$ ,fr5* ( t p]iod may hope to f9d !m aga94 ,mean:ile1 ?\gh ! lectures suff]$1 & ! /ud5ts saw1 & all ,p>is smil$1 ,fulb]t 0 totally 9 ! d>k4 ,?is condition ( affairs 0 pr$e/9$ to come to an end1 & x came 9 /orm & ang]4 ,abel>d saw himself =c$1 aga9/ 8 w1 to m>ry secretly4 ,x 0 a /+ to 8 egotism t ev] rankl$4 ,x s]v$1 ?\gh1 to pacify ,fulb]t & ! re/ ( ! relations2 & be+ too glad & too loose-tongu$ to keep ?is h&some alliance f ! public !y pres5tly told ev]ybody4 ,heloise1 !reupon1 fe>+ = ,abel>d's ambiti\s s*emes1 did n %r9k f a po9t-blank falsehood4 ,%e d5i$ ! m>riage4 ,%e _h be5 9 ,brittany & 0 n[ at ,arg5teuil1 ( :i* %e 0 by & by to become ! abbess4 ,& %e add$ to h] d5ial ! self-abnegat+ s5tim5t t ,abel>d1 :o 0 creat$ = all mank9d1 ought n to be sacrific$ by 8bondage to a woman40 ,x 0 wor?y ( h] :o s admir$ ! 8philosophic ,aspasia10 & ^: tutor & lov] _h done :at he c\ld to make h] z 8free f sup]/ition0 z himself4 ,h] moral ideas 7 :at he taught h]1 & he c\ld n untea* !m4 ,among ! complaisant & agreeable nuns ( ,arg5teuil %e n[ resid$4 ,x 0 b a few miles f ,p>is4 ,h] husb& frequ5tly w5t ?i!r1 & 9 a %ort "t !reaft] %e 0 enroll$ z a novice4 ,! fact ar\s$ h] relatives1 & _! mutt]+s became om9\s2 ,fulb]t1 especially1 tak+ ?is act 9 high dudgeon1 z ?\gh x meant ! prem$itat$ repudiation ( 8 niece4 ,_! ang] did n /op at words1 b1 kn[+ ,abel>d's popul>ity1 & fe>+ to attack him dur+ ! day1 !y brib$ 8 valet & assault$ him by night 9 8 own ap>tm5t4 ,x 0 ?is bl[ :i* flung ,abel>d f heav5 to hell4 ,8 hi!rto impregnable attitude2 8 fi]ce zeal = 8 op9ions2 8 hopes ( a new philosophy :i* %\ld make 8 "n immortal1 all vani%$ be=e x z spid]-webs break be=e a sword4 ,& :51 consci\s t he 0 no m a god & a h]o1 b an insult$ & defeat$ man1 he rose f 8 b$ ( pa91 ! prospect 0 n improv$4 ,! outp\r$ indignation ( bi%ops & canons & cl]gy--! lam5tations ( ! wom5 & ! /ud5ts--did n appease him4 ,a :isp] 0 9 8 s\l l t ( ,haman's wife4 ,mordecai1 ! despis$1 0 com+ to ! k+dom & ! ,agagite 0 doom$4 ,!re 7 reasons :i* l$ him to ?9k ( seek+ aid f ! ,pope aga9/ 8 enemies4 ,b ,fulk ( ,deuil1 8 good fri5d1 advis$ him n to try x4 8,y h no money10 said hone/1 pla9 spok5 ,fulk1 8& :at c y d at ,rome )\t money80 ,x 0 bitt] tru?4 ,yet ! ,abb ,migne1 =gett+ ! mu* worse ?+s ,b]n>d _h said ( ! ,roman ,curia 9 ! treatise ,de ,consid]atione1 exsc9ds ! passage f ,fulk's lett] on ! gr\nd t x w\ld cause 8sc&al to ,ca?olic e>s40 ,edification fir/1 tru? aft]w>d1 if at all6 ,!re=e1 ) a poison$ s\l1 he s\ght ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is to hide himself f ! gaze ( ! _w4 ,to a man s pr\d a life )\t imp]ial p[] 0 a liv+ dea?4 ,yet f ^? walls he issues 8 edict t ,heloise %all take ! veil4 ,8 vanity l$ him to c>ry out ! orig9al cause ( ho/ility ev5 to its unalt]able result4 ,b ,heloise1 :atev] %e might h ?\ght or felt1 m>*$ ) l(ty resignation to h] fate4 ,quot+ al\d--z 8 confession pitifully recalls--! words ( ,cornelia to ,pompey f ! 8,ph>salia0 ( ,lucan1 %e takes ! v[s4 ,nev] 0 !re less ( religion 9 su* a c]emony6 ,h5ce=? %e walks l ! moon 9 di/ant brightness1 com+ to meet u d[n ! ages z comes ! ,que5 ,l\ise ( ,gu/av ,ri*t]'s sup]b picture4 ,%e is transfigur$ by h] self-=gett+ love1 & 8all t is left ( h]10 9 ! be/ & true/ s5se1 is n[ 8pure womanly40 ,= ,abel>d at ,/4 ,d5is ! case 0 diff]5t4 ,he f\nd ! monks worldly & dissolute & he reprov$ !m4 ,! effect 0 simil> to ! case ( ,lot--! re=m] dep>t$ ) all 8 belong+s4 ,he !n r5ew$ 8 old lectures4 ,8 s*ol>s foll[$ him to ,maisoncelle1 :]e1 9 _! avidity ( k1 !y ov]cr[d$ e res\rce ( %elt] & food4 ,he (f]$ !m t fasc9at+ comb9ation1 dialectics & div9ity4 ,l ! saltpetre & ! *>coal ^! 7 h>mless :5 ap>t & explosive :5 toge!r1 p>ticul>ly if y add ! sulphur\s he>t :i* n[ smok$ 9 8 bosom4 ,a h>% & v9dictive tone 0 giv5 to 8 disposition1 & x 0 natural t he %\ld be1 at lea/ t5tatively1 a h]etic4 ,^! moral bruises are worse ?an any or all physical injuries2 ! man :o has felt !m c nev] be aga9 :at he 0 be=e4 ,& n[ ,anselm & ,william & ,fulb]t & ev]ybody t he _h bulli$ or taunt$ or ?reat5$ turn$ ^u him4 ,! gates to ! black cav]n ( ! w9ds 7 op5 & ! bla/s ( fate 7 icy cold4 ,! papal legate ,conan held a c\ncil at ,soissons 9 #aaba4 ,! op9ions ( ,abel>d 7 receiv$ ) disfavor4 ,!y humiliat$ ! poor wret* among !m & made him burn 8 own book1 & !n mumble ?r\gh a cr$o amid 8 8sobs & sighs & te>s40 ,^! words are 8 own1 & 8 is also ! /atem5t t he 0 put into ! cu/ody ( ! ,abbot ( ,/4 ,m$>d & !re he 0 lectur$1 & ev5 la%$ by ! conv5t :ip1 until he exhibit$ prop] submission4 ,poetical ju/ice _h befall5 him4 ,= he confesses1 to 8 %ame1 t he _h co]c$ & ev5 /ruck ,heloise4 ,n[ he1 too1 0 co]c$1 & he1 too1 0 /ruck4 ,!n back aga9 to ,/4 ,d5is1 ) m hatr$ & h>d spee*es ?an ev]4 ,b ,sug]1 ! new abbot1 an easy-go+ lov] ( bric--brac & good liv+1 set him free1 a 8ma/]less man0 pa/ =ty ye>s ( age1 ) ,heloise out ( rea* & ! spe>s ( exultant enemies bri/l+ 9 e h$ge4 ,is x a wond] t he took to ! banks ( ! ,ardusson ne> ,troyes1 wattl$ himself a rude hut & resolv$ to be a h]mit8 ,b ev5 !re 9 ! des]t ! p ?rong$ him & built a village ( huts ab\t 8 own4 ,8 mis=tunes became a portion ( 8 /r5g?4 ,& !re !y erect$ = him a *ur* & a cloi/] :i* he d$icat$ to ! ,p>aclete1 a d>+ innovation1 s9ce x 0 !n consid]$ highly het]odox ?us to di/+ui% "o p]son ( ! ,tr9ity f ! o!r two4 ,"u su* /orms & heat ! nature ( ! man _h be5 s]i\sly w>p$4 ,he became suspici\s1 gloomy1 & weakly un/able4 ,8 correspond5ce ) ,heloise _h be5 completely brok5 (f4 ,he w5t into ! monoton\s ,*ampagne1 !n out into ! bleak ,brittany1 & f9ally 7#aabe7 he receiv$ ! abbacy ( ,/4 ,gildas4 ,8 fri5ds1 p]haps1 desir$ to save him f homelessness & s f ! dang]s :i* ! rel5tless malice ( 8 old enemies 0 con/antly pil+ up4 ,b _! *oice ( a refuge reveals h[ little _! ecclesia/ical influ5ce 0 wor?4 ,! monks ( ,/4 ,gildas liv$ 9 op5 s91 & ! p ar\nd ! cloi/] 7 semi-b>b>ians4 ,x may be t !y 7 ready to welcome ,abel>d because !y suppos$ he w\ld be *>itable to _! peccadilloes1 b if !y fanci$ ?is1 _! mi/ake 0 great4 ,he really measur$ himself aga9/ _! vices & suff]$ a pr$e/9$ defeat4 ,at ,/4 ,gildas he t\*$ ! nadir ( 8 fate z at ,p>is he _h rea*$ its z5i?4 ,! monks conspir$ aga9/ him4 ,!y s\ght to poison him1 contam9at+ ) _! drugs ev5 ! cup ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,:5 8 life 0 n fe> x 0 horror1 & :5 x 0 n horror x 0 despair4 ,at ?is "t1 too1 = calamity nev] comes s+ly1 ,sug] _h succe$$ 9 r\t+ f ,arg5teuil ! ,abbess ,heloise ) all h] nuns4 ,he _h compla9$ to ,rome t ! l&s ( ,arg5teuil 7 ! *>t]$ "r ( ,/4 ,d5is & t ! nuns 7 v sc&al\s4 ,s ,abel>d r\s$ himself suffici5tly to h& ! des]t$ abbey ( ! ,p>aclete ov] to 8 wife2 to confirm x by e possible act & de$ aga9/ invasion2 & to secure1 9 ! despite ( ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 :o 0 8 presumptive enemy1 a special bull ( ,innoc5t ,,ii4 to make all ?is p]man5t4 ,to ^! walls ,heloise !re=e remov$4 ,!y 7 d\bly de> to h] = ,abel>d's sake4 ,%e _h no true 8vocation0 = h] (fice1 b ! ,pope call$ h] & h] si/]hood 8 8de> daught]s10 & x 0 ! be/ t !y c\ld d4 ,abel>d prep>$ _! =ms ( s]vice = !m1 & ?us aga91 aft] all ^! ye>s1 communication exi/$ & lett]s pass$ betwe5 !m4 ,^! =ms br\ght on a controv]sy ) ,b]n>d1 :o did n l !m4 ,! lett]s also are /ill extant1 (t5 translat$1 b nev] 9 any?+ except ! orig9al ,lat91 speak+ out ! real nature ( ! writ]s4 ,on ! "p ( ,heloise !y reveal ! dep? ( an un5d+ love4 ,on ! "p ( ,abel>d !y are z cold & occasionally z cruel z any?+ to :i* a translator c turn 8 p54 ,aft] a c>eful survey ( _! cont5ts ! conclusion is irresi/ible t ,heloise is a woman ^: l(ty love c>ries ) x unhesitat+ly ! m9d1 ! w1 ! s5ses--ev]y?+4 ,h] faults are ! faults ( h] "t & ( h] tea*+1 n ( h] s\l4 ,b1 by ! survival ( its mo/ =cible elem5ts1 ,abel>d's "* has be5 develop$ into a selfi% coldness bo? unnatural & ungrateful4 ,z a man1 at ?is /age ( 8 c>e]1 "o abhors & pities him4 ,pres5tly ^u ! dead colorlessness ( ?is 8burn$-out crat] heal$ ) sn[10 ! r$ light ( a new controv]sy is ca/4 ,9 ?is f9al /ruggle ! r$\btable =ce ( ! spl5did debat] fla%$ up once m4 ,b he 0 defeat$ by ,b]n>d at ,s5s 7#aadj71 & :e!r ?is defeat 0 by fair logic or by ! ho/ile _s ( ! age x does n matt]4 ,defeat$ he 01 & he ru%$ out decl>+ t he w\ld appeal to ,rome4 ,happily 8 way l$ him ?r\gh ,cluny1 & !re good1 l>ge-he>t$1 & l>ge-bodi$ ,pet] ! ,v5]able took him 94 ,= ! fir/ "t1 p]haps1 9 all 8 life he came into close relations ) a man g5u9ely great4 ,& ,pet] ( ,cluny himself wrote to ! ,pope2 deta9+ ,abel>d mean:ile by k9d assiduities1 9 t g5ial cloi/] ^: humanity *]i%$ nei!r bigotry nor lic5se4 ,lat] he ev5 reconcil$ ! two disputants1 & ! brok5 & we>y debat] di$ at la/ 7,april #ba/1 #aadb7 at ,/4 ,m>cel1 :i!r he _h be5 s5t = *ange ( climate by ! c>e ( 8 hospitable fri5d4 ,!re is a pa9t+--a true arti/'s conception1 b a m]e daub 9 fact--:i* hangs 9 a ,new ,york village & :i* repres5ts a dead knight /ret*$ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,he lies ^u 8 back on ! sodd5 e>? 9 ! melt+ sn[4 ,! sky above him is ( a dull & awful gray1 & ! c>rion birds are fly+ 9 a long1 hurry+ l9e to jo9 ^? already at ! fea/4 ,a brok5 sword is /ra9$ 9 8 "r h&1 8 armor is hack$ & d>kly spott$ ) mire & blood1 & 8 feet h fall5 into a little /ream4 ,s w\ld h fall5 ,abel>d b = ! *>ity & m]cy ( ,pet] ! ,v5]able4 ,rememb]+ all t he _h be5 x is some:at com=t+ to read ( 8 la/ days4 ,= c]ta9 lett]s pass$ betwe5 ,pet] ( ,cluny & ,heloise1 & ^!1 too1 are extant & accessible4 ,! abbot says to h]1 aft] describ+ ! daily life ( ,abel>d1 8,h[ holily1 h[ dev\tly1 9 :at a ca?olic _s he made confession1 fir/ ( 8 fai? & !n ( 8 s9s6 444 ,?us ,ma/] ,pet] f9i%$ 8 days1 & he :o = 8 k 0 fam$ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 9 ! disciple%ip ( ,him :o said1 #8,le>n ( ,me1 = ,i am meek & l[ly 9 he>t1' p]sev]$1 9 meekness & humility1 &1 z we may believe1 pass$ to ! ,"l40 ,x is 9 su* language t ?is b5evol5t man addresses 8 8v5]able & v de> si/]10 conc]n+1 z he t5d]ly puts x1 h] 8fir/ husb& 9 ! ,"l40 ,& d\btless ?is same ,abel>d became1 at ! la/1 a little *ild1 :o ?r\gh mu* tribulation _h unle>n$ 8 haughty & selfi% temp]1 & _h gone back f subtleties & logic to say 9 all simplicity1 ,abba1 ,fa!r6 ,& x is n less int]e/+ = u to discov] 9 ! second epi/le ( ,heloise to ,pet] ( ,cluny1 t ! "m's he>t ye>ns ov] h] boy1 & t %e comm5ds ,a/rolabe to ! c>e & protection ( 8 fa!r's b5efactor1 a tru/ :i*1 9 8 next lett]1 ,pet] accepts & promises to dis*>ge4 ,( ! poetry ( ,abel>d mu* has unque/ionably be5 lo/4 ,8 tr\bad\r ballads may h be5 conv5i5tly suppress$2 x is (t5 ! fate ( wise m5's light] productions4 ,& 8 hymns 7 = long ye>s untrac$1 except 9 ! in/ance ( ! ,mittit ad virg9em & ( ano!r ^u ! ,tr9ity1 :i* 0 ascrib$ to him1 b is n[ accr$it$ to ,hildeb]t4 ,a v pretty poem1 ,orn>unt t]ram g]m9a1 pres]v$ by ,du ,m]il 7,poesies ,populaires ,lat41 p4 #ddd7 is giv5 9 ! collection ( ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* & aga9 9 t ( ,pr(essor ,m>*4 ,ev5 9 ,engli% its grace & da9t9ess d n entirely escape u1 & !y %[ h[ possible x 0 = him to h writt5 ! love-songs :i* celebrat$ ,heloise4 ,! e>? is gre5 ) grasses2 ,! sky is fill$ ) lights-- ,sun1 moon1 & />s4 ,!re passes ,va/ use ?r\gh days & nights4 ,on ei!r h& upbuild$1 ,ar\se1 ,o man1 & see6 ,^? heav5ly realms are gild$ ,by help :i* %9es = !e4 ,! suns ( w9t] *e] !e ,= lack ( fire bel[2 ,:ile ! bright moon draws ne> !e1 ,) />s1 ?y pa? to %[6 ,leave pride h] ivory spaces2 ,! poor man on ! grass ,looks up1 f fragrant places ,by :i* ! song-birds pass4 ,! ri*1 ) wa/eful labor1 7,= vault$ domes %all fall17 ,mock+ 8 poor] neighbor1 ,pa9ts heav5 )9 8 hall4 ,b 9 t op5 *amb] ,:]e all ?+s faire/ are1 ,let ! poor man rememb] ,h[ ,god pa9ts sun & />4 ,s va/ a "w & spl5did ,is nature's m ?an man's6 ,no pa9s nor co/ att5d$ ,^? age-endur+ plans6 ,! ri* man keeps 8 s]vant1 ,an angel gu>ds ! poor1 ,& ,god s5ds />s obs]vant ,to wat* above 8 door6 ,at l5g? ! adage ( ,buddha 0 fulfill$ t 8,hatr$ does n cease by hatr$2 hatr$ cease? by love40 ,?is is an old rule4 ,= 9 #ahcf 8 romantic /ory secur$ an editor = ! s*ol>'s works 9 ! p]son ( ,monsieur ,victor ,c\s91 :o at t date1 & aga9 9 #ahdi1 republi%$ !m4 ,!y _h be5 issu$ 9 #afaf by ,francis d',amboise at ,p>is1 & ! city ( 8 fame & sorr[ appropriately witness$ _! reappe>ance4 ,b ev5 !n !re 7 no m v]ses1 & ! editors ( ! twelf? volume ( ! ,hi/oire ,litt]aire de la ,france also reg>d$ ^? productions z hopelessly lo/4 ,yet !y _h be5 9 ,p>is1 & :5 ! ,patrologia ( ,migne rea*$ 8,tom4 #agh0 !y _h be5 actually recov]$4 ,! /ory is ( ! same patt]n z ! au?or's life--! man & 8 works _h inf9ite vicissitudes4 ,:5 ,belgium 0 occupi$ by ! ,fr5*1 ^! n9ety-?ree hymns1 writt5 = ! abbey ( ! ,p>aclete betwe5 #aabe & #aacd1 7 ly+ hid 9 codice qu9cunciali1 :atev] ?is may mean4 ,! acc\nt seems to require a box ( ab\t five in*es 9 height1 r ?an an ord9>y codex or b\nd volume4 ,?is codex 0 br\ght to ,p>is & !re rema9$ dur+ ! days ( ,napoleon ,bonap>te4 ,:5 8 ,empire fell1 ! box & its cont5ts return$ to ,belgium4 ,!y bore ! seals ( ! ,republic & ( ! ,empire & !y also _h ! /amp ( ! ,royal ,libr>y ( ,brussels4 ,!y 7 inde$ a catalogu$ "p ( t libr>y's treasures1 b _! value 0 unguess$4 ,"o day1 aft] _! return1 a ,g]man /ud5t nam$ ,oehl]1 :ile rummag+ ?r\gh ! codex f\nd 9 x ! libellus1 or little book1 :i* conta9$ ^! ?ree s]ies ( hymns4 ,l ! 8hymn>ium0 ( ,hil>y !y 7 kn[n to h be5 9 exi/5ce1 & h5ce he imm$iately inf]r$ _! au?or%ip4 ,!y embrac$1 to 8 delight1 a complete collection = all ! religi\s h\rs & = ! pr9cipal fe/ivals ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is /rik+ly *>act]i/ic ( ! sup]ficial nature ( _m /udies 9 ,lat9 hymnology1 t ,oehl] app>5tly ?\ght ( no?+ else t might be 9 ! codex1 b proce$$ at once to publi% eight ( ! recov]$ hymns4 ,^!1 attract+ ! notice ( ,monsieur ,c\s91 he pur*as$ a full transcript ( ! libellus at a 8fair price0 f ! discov]]4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 res]v$ = mile ,ga*et1 a ,belgian1 to 8give a n unlucky day to paleography0 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he light$ ^u ?is same codex & f\nd x /ill to conta9 ! l>g] "p ( an epi/le treat+ ( ,lat9 hymnology1 address$ to ,heloise1 & ann\nc+ ! hymns ( :i* x 0 ! preface4 ,?us ! id5tification 0 p]fect1 & ! introductions & ! hymns are aga9 jo9$ ) ! o!r works ( _! au?ors4 ,9 #ahch a set ( ,planctus--8,lam5tations0--_h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y4 ,!y are mod]ate 9 m]it1 & ^! new pieces 7 !re=e invaluable 9 det]m9+ ,abel>d's rank z a poet4 ,9 ! ma91 8 hymns are didactic & cold4 ,b !re is at lea/ "o :i* has held its place anonym\sly 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur* & ^u ?is 8 reputation may safely re/4 ,x 0 translat$ by ,dr4 ,neale f ! imp]fect text ( a ,tol$o brevi>y1 & x c be f\nd 9 ,hymns1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n 7,no4 #cdc71 & 9 ,mone 7,lat4 ,hym4 des ,mittelalt]s1 ,i41 #chb74 ,9 ! ,p>aclete ,brevi>y x is 8xxviii41 ,ad ,vesp]as40 ,o quanta1 qualia sunt illa sabbata1 ,quae semp] celebrat sup]na curia6 ,quae fessis requies1 quae m]ces =tibus1 ,cum erit omnia ,deus 9 omnibus4 ,v]e ,jh]usalem illic e/ civitas ,cujus pax jugis e/ summa jucunditas1 ,ubi non praev5it rem desid]ium1 ,nec desid]io nimis e/ praemium4 ,quis rex6 quae curia6 quale palatium6 ,quae pax6 quae requies6 quod illud gaudium6 ,hujus p>ticipes exponant gloriae ,si1 quantum s5tiunt1 poss9t exprim]e4 ,no/rum e/ int]im m5tem erig]e1 ,et totis patriam votis appet]e1 ,et ad ,jh]usalem a ,babilonia1 ,po/ longa regr$i t&em exilia4 ,illic1 mole/iis f9itis omnibus1 ,securi cantica ,syon cantabimus1 ,et juges gratias de donis gratiae ,beata ref]et plebs tibi1 ,dom9e4 ,illic ex sabbato succ$et sabbatum1 ,p]pes laetitia sabbatizantium1 ,nec ineffabiles cessabunt jubili1 ,quos decantabimus et nos et angeli4 ,oh :at %all be1 oh :5 %all be1 t holy ,sabba? day1 ,:i* heav5ly c>e %all ev] keep & celebrate alway2 ,:5 re/ is f\nd = we>y limbs1 :5 labor ha? rew>d1 ,:5 ev]y?+1 =ev]more1 is joyful 9 ! ,"l8 ,! true ,j]usalem above1 ! holy t[n1 is !re1 ,^: duties are s full ( joy1 ^: joy s free f c>e2 ,:]e disappo9tm5t come? n to *eck ! long+ he>t1 ,& :]e ! s\l 9 ec/asy ha? ga9$ h] bett] "p4 ,o glori\s ,k+1 ,o happy /ate1 ,o palace ( ! ble/6 ,o sacr$ peace & holy joy & p]fect heav5ly re/4 ,to !e aspire ?y citiz5s 9 glory's bright array1 ,& :at !y feel & :at !y "k !y /rive 9 va9 to say4 ,= :ile we wait & long = home1 x %all be ours to raise ,our songs & *ants1 & v[s & pray]s1 9 t de> c\ntry's praise2 ,& f ^! ,babylonian /reams to lift our we>y eyes1 ,& view ! city t we love desc5d+ f ! skies4 ,!re1 !re1 secure f e ill1 9 fre$om we %all s+ ,! songs ( ,zion1 h9d]$ "h by days ( suff]+1 ,& unto !e1 our graci\s ,"l1 our praises %all confess ,t all our sorr[ ha? be5 good1 & ?\ by pa9 can/ bless4 ,!re ,sabba? day to ,sabba? day %$s on a ceaseless light1 ,et]nal pleasure ( ! sa9ts :o keep t ,sabba? bright2 ,nor %all ! *ant ineffable decl9e1 nor ev] cease1 ,:i* we ) all ! angels s+ 9 t sweet realm ( peace4 ,! rhy?m ( ! ,tr9ity1 previ\sly m5tion$1 is s good t x is usually1 &1 x may be1 correctly1 ascrib$ to ,hildeb]t ( ,lav>d92 & ! ,planctus ,v>ii h really some?+ m ?an t 8inconsid]able m]it0 :i* ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* all[s to !m4 ,!y are irregul> 9 =m & metre1 & _! subjects 7:i* evid5tly reflect _! au?or's feel+s7 are3 ,! ,wail ( ,d9ah2 ,jacob's ,lam5t ov] ,joseph & ,b5jam92 ,! ,sorr[ ( ! ,virg9s ov] ,jeph?ah's ,daught]2 ,! ,israelites' ,dirge ov] ,samson2 ,! ,grief ( ,david ov] ,abn] & 8 ,elegy ^u ,saul & ,jona?an4 ,abel>d also compos$ a long poem to ,a/rolabe1 giv+ him pl5ty ( good c\nsel 9 fair p5tamet]1 b 9 r prosaic phrases4 ,"s ( x s\nds l ,"l ,*e/]field's worldly wisdom1 & !re are portions ( ! production :i* are pla9ly affect$ by ! s\r$ & sadd5$ _s ( ! au?or4 8,!re is no?+10 he tells ! poor1 =sak5 lad1 8bett] ?an a good woman1 & no?+ worse ?an a bad "o10 &1 8z 9 all species ( rapaci\s birds10 ! female is ! mo/ to be dread$6 ,?us ! poems :i* we possess numb] "o hundr$ & two all told4 ,b = ord9>y read]s n m ?an five--if we exclude ! pres5t correct ,lat9 =m ( ! ,o quanta qualia--are available 9 ! orig9al1 & ^! are scatt]$ ?r\gh ?ree or f\r collections4 ,an unk9d fate has /ill pursu$ ^! poor relics ( ! man :o took %elt] "u ! broad w+ ( ,pet] ! ,v5]able1 & :o1 by hav+ escap$ into su* sanctu>y1 has b>r$ out f !nce=? all un*>itable ?\ghts4 ,x may be add$ t ( ,heloise also we h a reput$ hymn1 ,requiescat a labore1 b ,knigsfeld & ,daniel bo? d5y ! au?or%ip4 ,9 ?is !y are d\btless correct4 ,we may be/ rememb] ! great controv]siali/ :5 he is ly+ dead 9 8 new-f\nd peace & *ildlik5ess4 ,at ! reque/ ( ,heloise1 ,pet] ( ,cluny deliv]$ up 8 body to be buri$ )9 ! walls ( ! ,p>aclete1 9 defiance ( any miscon/ruction or ( any sne]4 ,he accompani$ ! act ) ! absolution :i* %e ask$4 ,x reads ?us3 8,i1 ,pet]1 ,abbot ( ,cluny1 :o receiv$ ,pet] ,abel>d z a ,cluniac monk1 & :o h grant$ 8 body to be deliv]$ secretly furtim delatum1 wrote ! big-he>t$ bi%op to ,heloise1 ! abbess1 & to ! nuns ( ! ,p>aclete1 by ! au?ority ( ! ,omnipot5t ,god & ( all sa9ts1 d absolve him 9 virtue ( my (fice f all 8 s9s40 ,?is 0 to h be5 engrav$ ^u a metal plate & fa/5$ above ! tomb ( ! dead rhetorician1 b = "s reason--p]haps connect$ ) ! furtim delatum--! plan 0 nev] c>ri$ out4 ,b ! absolution 0 probably atta*$ to ! tomb = a %ort "t 9 ord] to make x effective4 8,wom510 says ,mrs4 ,br[n+1 8are knights-errant to ! la/40 ,= a score ( ye>s1 ,heloise w5t ea* ev5+ to t tomb to weep & pray4 ,%e rememb]$ & obs]v$ no?+ ( ^? unpleasant traits :i* lat] times h notic$4 ,if %e ev] curs$ any "o x mu/ h be5 ,fulb]t1 or o!rs ( ! dead man's enemies1 & 8,a curse f ! dep?s ( womanhood ,is v salt & bitt] & good40 ,at l5g?1 l e wat*+ & e wait+1 ?is1 too1 came to an end1 & %e di$ on ,may #ag?1 #aafd1 precisely at 8 age ( sixty-?ree ye>s4 ,& !y laid h] beside him 9 ! same grave1 z 0 meet & "r4 ,b evil fate /ill flapp$ a rav5 w+ above ! pair4 ,ev5 9 dea? !y h sc>cely re/$ 9 peace4 ,9 #adig ! tomb 0 op5$ f religi\s motives & ! bodies 7 remov$ & plac$ 9 sep>ate vaults4 ,9 #afcj ! ,abbess ,m>ie de ,ro*ef\cauld plac$ !m 9 ! *apel ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,9 #agib !y 7 aga9 remov$ to ,nog5t1 ne> ,p>is4 ,9 #ahjj1 by ord] ( ,luci5 ,bonap>te1 !y 7 transf]r$ to ! g>d5 ( ! 8,muse des ,monum5s ,franais40 ,?is be+ de/roy$ 9 #ahae1 !y 7 aga9 entomb$ 9 ,pre-la-,*aise4 ,m4 ,l5oir1 keep] ( ! ,museum1 _h con/ruct$ ! pres5t ,go?ic sepul*re out ( ! ru9s ( ! abbey ( ! ,p>aclete1 unit+ ) ^! an anci5t tomb f ,/4 ,m>cel 9 :i* ,abel>d _h at fir/ be5 laid4 ,pug9 says t ?is 0 transf]r$ f ! ,muse gr\nds4 ,! monum5t re>$ at ! ,p>aclete & ornam5t$ ) a figure ( ! ,tr9ity1 p]i%$ 9 #agid dur+ ! confusion ( ! ,revolution4 ,g5]al ,pajol1 ! subsequ5t own] ( ! gr\nds1 plac$ a m>ble pill> above ! /one s>cophagus :i* yet exi/$1 b ! lead c(f9 _h already be5 tak5 to ,p>is4 ,! tomb 9 ,pre-la-,*aise has be5 rec5tly repair$1 & !re ! s5tim5tal ( all nations h br\ght fl[]s & scrawl$ names & scribbl$ v]ses4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t day a curi\s collection ( wire crosses1 immortelles1 & visit+-c>ds c be se5 con/antly ^u x4 ,! pr9cipal inscription 0 compos$ by ! ,academie des ,inscriptions 9 #agff1 at ! in/ance ( ,m>ie de ,r\cy de ,ro*ef\cauld1 ,abbess ( ! ,p>aclete1 l h] namesake ( #adig2 & x 0 c>v$ at h] co/ ^u ! /one4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,! /ory ( ,abel>d & ,heloise has a lit]ature ( its own4 ,we h no au!ntic portraits1 if we except ! f9e pictures ( ,rob]t ,lfbvre engrav$ by ,desnoy]s1 :i* re/ ^u ,i "k n :at ( possible lik5ess4 ,b ! ,engli%man1 ,b]+ton2 ! ,g]mans1 ,bruck] & ,c>ri]e & ,fessl] & ,s*loss] & ,feu]ba*2 ! ,fr5*m51 ,de ,rmusat & ,c\s9 & ,guizot & ,delepi]re & ,lam>t9e & ,dom ,g]vaise2 ! ,italian1 ,t/i2 ! ,am]icans1 ,w4 ,w4 ,newton1 ,wight1 & ,abby ,sage ,ri*>dson1 & a ho/ ( o!r au?ors & essayi/s & review]s1 h 9 "o =m or ano!r told ! sad1 sweet leg5d ( ?is love4 ,x has nev] lack$ its audi5ce1 & its p]petual *>m has be5 ! "* ( ,heloise4 ,l ! fair & un=tunate maid ( ,a/olat1 :o s pa!tically lov$ ,launcelot1 x may be said ( h] devotion t %e 8gave su* att5dance ^u him1 !re 0 nev] a woman did m k9dly] = man ?an %ee did40 ,x 0 a r>e exhibition ( t preci\s jewel1 an unselfi%1 loyal1 & flawless he>t6 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,pet] ,,! ,,v5]able4 ,x s]ves to illu/rate ! me%es :i* held ! highe/ m5 ( ! twelf? c5tury toge!r1 :5 we enc\nt] ,pet] ! ,v5]able1 ,abbot ( ,cluny4 ,8 true "n 0 ,pi]re ,maurice de ,montboisi] & he 0 f ,auv]gne--8"o ( ! noble/ & mo/ g5ial natures10 says ,morison1 8to be met ) 9 ?is or 9 any "t40 ,:at a f9e old man he 06 ,"u him z abbot1 ,b]n>d ( ,cluny 0 prior1 & ! lov+ c>e ( ,pet] prep>$ an epitaph = t brave/ & sweete/ ( s+]s4 ,x 0 he :o be>d$ ! o!r ,b]n>d 9 8 v d51 & :o came out ( _m conte/s aga9/ t almo/ inv9cible ecclesia/ ) m honor ?an be=e4 ,few c\ld say ?is ( a battle ) ! ,abbot ( ,clairvaux2 & to no "o b ,pet] does ,morison1 ! biograph] ( ,b]n>d1 conc$e any su* victory4 ,x 0 also ?is admirable ,pet] :o took ,pet] ,abel>d "u 8 protection4 ,) a l>ge & pati5t g5]osity he develop$ ! bett] nature ( t head/rong1 conceit$1 unhappy man2 & :5 ,abel>d di$ he wrote to ,heloise ! really w>mhe>t$ & t5d] lett]1 ) a great deal ( humanity ab\t x1 :i* ,i h quot$ already4 ,& ?us1 to :omsoev] x may fall to consid] ! hi/ory ( ,france 9 ! twelf? c5tury2 or ( ,abel>d & ! new philosophy2 or ( ,b]n>d & ecclesia/ical polity2 or ( ! o!r ,b]n>d & ! ,lat9 hymns1 x is inevitable t ! "n ( ,pet] ! ,v5]able %all arise & /& high above ! ?rong ( ^? by :i* he is surr\nd$4 ,8 "m's "n 0 ,ra+>de1 & h] dea?1 long aft] he _h atta9$ 8 wide reputation1 0 deeply felt by him z t ( "o ( ! be/ ( wom5 & de>e/ ( mo!rs4 ,= ,pi]re de ,montboisi]1 9 ^? days :5 ! /agnation & corruption ( ?\ght & morals 7 n felt z !y 7 felt lat] on1 0 a man z well z a monk4 ,b :51 at la/1 ! religi\s p became monks & n m52 :5 !y 7 /upid1 un9t]e/+1 fat-fle%$ & gross 9 life2 :5 !y _h no c\rage or piety2 !n !y nei!r did ! _w any good nor made _! own s\ls ripe = heav54 ,& z sportsm5 tell u t ! mell[ 8bob-o-l9k0 ceases to s+ & is only fit = slaught] :5 he becomes ! 8rice bird0 ( ! ,s\?1 s x 0 ) !m4 ,lat9 hymnology almo/ ceases to be int]e/+ aft] ?is c5tury4 ,& ,pet] ! ,v5]able1 :ile he wrote b little himself1 is too f9e a factor 9 ! ar\s+ ( o!rs = u to =get him & 8 "w4 ,he mu/ h be5 born 9 #ajib or #ajid--! e>li] date be+ m probable2 & :5 he 0 sixte5 or sev5te5 7#aaji7 he became a monk ( ,cluny4 ,^! 7 ! 8black0 monks2--z ! ,ci/]cians ( ,citeaux & ,clairvaux 7 ! 8:ite40 ,he _h six bro!rs1 mo/ ( :om took simil> v[s4 ,:at else inde$ 0 !re to d8 ,y mu/ ei!r hack & hew y\r way ) a battle-axe1 & risk y\r neck & y\r ca/le1 or y mu/ become a monk4 ,!re 0 no middle c\rse4 ,peace-lov+1 /udi\s p--^? :o aim$ to help ! _w up t[>d ,god--_h no o!r *oice4 ,n[adays we %\ld f9d pl5ty ( room = ,pet]2 b he did :at 0 !n be/1 & ent]$ ,cluny4 ,at ?irty ye>s ( age he 0 its abbot4 ,?is 0 9 #aabb4 ,x happ5$ by reason ( ,pontius1 ! =m] abbot1 a self-suffici5t & imp]i\s man1 be+ =c$ to resign 8 (fice & g on pilgrimage to ,pale/9e2 he ev5 promis$ n to come back at all4 ,!n ! monks ( ,cluny elect$ ano!r abbot2 & z he di$ almo/ imm$iately1 !y 7 compell$ to *oose a ?ird1 namely ,pet]4 ,b x 0 9 a h>d seat t !y plac$ him2 he _h a mismanag$ prop]ty1 & a body ( m5 :o ne$$ a good deal ( att5tion4 ,let u picture him to u 9 ! fa%ion & habit ( 8 appe>ance4 ,he _h a 8happy face10 a 8maje/ic figure10 & 8pl5ty ( ^? o!r unfail+ signs ( virtues0 :i* ju/ifi$ 8 "n 8,! ,v5]able40 ,x 0 su* a big-he>t$1 big-bodi$ /yle ( man :o n[ und]took ?is re=mation4 ,by ! help ( ,mat!w1 ,prior ( ,/4 ,m>t9 9 ! ,fields1 ne> ,p>is1 he effect$ x 9 ab\t ?ree mon?s4 ,!n !re 0 a p]iod ( peace4 ,b1 all ( a sudd51 "h comes ,pontius1 ) soldi]s at 8 heels1 :5 ,pet] is abs5t1 want+ 8 old place aga94 ,he bur/s 9 ! gates1 =ces ! monks :o rema9 to swe> allegiance1 c>ries (f crosses & c&le/icks & :atev] 0 wor? any?+ = melt+ d[n into money1 & plays robb]-b>on ov] all ! neighborhood4 ,pet] himself tells ! /ory3 8,he came 9 my abs5ce4444 ,) a motley cr[d ( soldi]s & wom5 ru%+ 9 toge!r1 he m>*$ into ! cloi/]s4 ,he turn$ 8 h& to ! sacr$ ?+s4444 ,he raid$ ! villages & ca/les ar\nd ! abbey1 &1 try+ to subdue ! religi\s places 9 a b>b>ic way1 he wa/$ ) fire & sword all t he c\ld40 ,x 0 c]ta9ly a v s]i\s matt]4 ,pet] did ! be/ he c\ld ) x--?is result+ 9 ,honorius ,,ii4 despat*+ a legate f ,rome ) a great curse1 ready-bak$ & smok+-hot1 = ! s\l's b5efit ( t 8sacrilegi\s1 s*ismatic1 & excommunicate usurp]10 ,pontius4 ,i h n read ! curse2 b ,i am positively c]ta9 t ,pontius & ,pontius ,pilate mu/ h be5 elaborately comp>$ 9 its s5t5ces4 ,su* ana!mas 7 suppos$ to dry ! blood & )] ! bra94 ,pontius trembl$ & re/or$ 8 ill gott5 ga9s & vani%$ to 8 own place4 ,& ,pet] _h peace at la/4 ,!re _h already be5 a controv]sy ) ,/4 ,b]n>d ab\t ,rob]t1 ,b]n>d's c\s91 :o lik$ ! cordiality ( ,cluny a good deal bett] ?an ! ?9-visag$ & almo/ fi]ce zeal ( ,clairvaux4 ,= ?is reason he *ang$ 8 allegiance4 ,consequ5tly ,b]n>d want$ him s5t home4 ,& by ?is "t he 01 accord+ to /rict rule1 actually re/or$4 ,h[ev]1 ,clairvaux *uckl$ v mu* at ! confusion 9 ,cluny2 & ,b]n>d 0 ung5]\s en\gh to take ?is "t1 ( all o!rs1 to publi% q an elaborate & ev5 brilliant disp>agem5t ( ! ,cluniac rule4 ,i %all let ?is also pass = ! pres5t1 = x w meet u aga91 only say+ t ,pet] seems to h gone on wisely ab\t 8 own bus9ess & avoid$ any reply--a q unusual proce$+ 9 a controv]sial age4 ,9 #aabf he _h tak5 up aga9 8 previ\s l9e ( adm9i/ration2 & :5 ?is 8apology0 came out 9 #aabg he 0 practically meet+ its objections 9 ! be/ mann]4 ,z ,fr$]ick ,maurice says ( him1 8,! ,abbot ( ,cluny w\ld h wi%$ ! monk to be r an example to m5 ( ! _w ( :at !y might become1 ?an ! type ( a k9d ( life :i* 0 9 opposition to !irs4 ,he fe>$ t a griev\sly /r+5t rule w\ld lead ultimately to a t]rible laxity40 ,9 #aacj ,pope ,honorius di$4 ,pi]re de ,leon 7,pet] ,leonis71 call+ himself ,anacletus1 got himself illegally elect$1 & seiz$ ! control at ,rome4 ,c>d9al ,gregory ( ,san ,angelo1 :o 0 ! rightful b weak] claimant1 assum$ ! title ( ,innoc5t ,,ii41 & =?) set out to secure ! help ( ! great abbeys ( ,france4 ,n[ ,anacletus _h be5 a ,cluniac2 & ,b]n>d1 ,pet]'s & ,cluny's oppon5t1 favor$ ,innoc5t4 ,b :5 ,innoc5t1 9 #aacb1 appe>$ at ,cluny1 he 0 hail$ z ! true & g5u9e ,pope--a piece ( magnanimity :i* he _h no "r to expect4 ,& f ?is "t ,pet]'s allegiance 0 und\bt$2 al?\gh1 l a great _m p]sons 9 ! _w1 ,innoc5t ,,ii4 conc$$ m to ! /]n w ( ,b]n>d ?an to ! g5]\s conduct ( ! ,abbot ( ,cluny4 ,inde$1 he did b v little 9 ! way ( privilege = ,pet]'s abbey2 & he turn$ ne>ly all 8 gifts & favors t[>d ,b]n>d4 ,?is s exalt$ ! ,ci/]cians t ,pet] prote/$4 ,x is a blot ^u ,innoc5t t su* a prote/ 0 ne$$4 ,= ,pet] _h be5 ! fir/ to welcome him1 s5d+ him 8sixty horses & mules1 ) ev]y?+ :i* c\ld be want$ by a pope 9 di/ress40 ,_m a man w\ld h :eel$ ar\nd & left ! +rate4 ,b ,pet]'s rev5ge 0 h&some & *>act]i/ic4 ,he summon$ a g5]al *apt] ( 8 ord]2 & x 0 held at ! "t t ,innoc5t1 recogniz$ at l5g?1 0 go+ away to ,rome4 ,!re 7 8two hundr$ priors & a ?\s& ecclesia/s10 delegates f ,france1 ,engl&1 ,spa91 ,g]many1 & ,italy4 ,^! *e]fully & promptly agre$ to accept a m /r+5t rule 9 all _! religi\s h\ses4 ,& ?us ,innoc5t1 & 8 ,w>wick ( a ,b]n>d1 c\ld see = !mselves ! /r5g? & ! *>ity1 & ! s9c]e purpose ( ! man :om !y 7 sett+ aside4 ,i feel t ,i mu/ "h add ! exact words 9 :i* ,morison1 ,/4 ,b]n>d's be/ biograph]1 ju/ifies ?is e/imate ( ! "* ( ,pet] ! ,v5]able4 8,! relations betwe5 ,pet] & ,b]n>d ?r\gh\t _! lives10 he says 7p4 #bbb1 note71 8give rise to contra/s little favorable to ! latt]4 ,pet] ne>ly always is g5tle1 conciliat+1 & c>eful n to give (f5ce1 ev5 :5 z "h 79 ! case ( ! ,bi%op ( ,langres7 sorely provok$4 ,b]n>d too (t5 made return by h>d & ev5 viol5t language & conduct40 ,) su* a /ately & well-balanc$ p]son 9 our m9d's eye1 we _c be surpris$ to f9d t he _h pl5ty ( solid pluck1 t he 0 8mild z he 0 game1 & game z he 0 mild40 ,9 #aacd1 return+ f ! ,c\ncil ( ,pisa aga9/ ,anacletus1 he & 8 foll[]s 7 attack$ by robb]s4 ,! abbot tuck$ up 8 sleeves1 & took ! sword ( ! ,*ur* militant on ! spot4 ,p]haps he 0 glad to let 8 big !ws & s9ews h full play4 ,at all ev5ts he s da%$ & smote ^! ungodly m51 t he beat !m actually back1 & _h !refrom consid]able glory4 ,i nev] read t he or 8 abbey 0 mu* m$dl$ ) aft]w>d4 ,ab\t ?is date 8 visits to ,spa9 drew 8 att5tion to ! ,koran4 ,he 0 /ruck by ! religi\s effici5cy ( x1 & 9 ord] to meet x bett] he prep>$ = a full translation ( x4 ,pet] ( ,tol$o1 ,h]mann ( ,dalmatia1 & an ,engli%man nam$ ,rob]t ,k5net1 or p]haps 7says ! ,hi/oire ,litt]aire7 de ,ret9es1 7 select$ = ?is duty4 ,to !m 7 add$ an ,arab s*ol> & ,pet] ( ,poiti]s1 ! abbot's favorite private secret>y4 ,!y 7 to r5d] ! ,koran into ,lat9 directly2 & at x !y w5t1 accompli%+ _! task betwe5 #aada & #aadd1 at ! "t ( an epidemic 9 ! mona/]y4 ,!n ,pet] himself jo9$ ) !m 9 a refutation ( its errors--albeit 8 ,lat9ity 0 n fir/-rate1 be+ r t ( a man ( affairs ?an ( a /ud5t4 ,!re 0 ano!r ,lat9 refutation ( ! ,koran by ,bro!r ,ri*>d1 a ,dom9ican :o liv$ 9 ! ?irte5? & into ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,lu!r translat$ t into ,g]man 9 #aedb4 ,:at a w>m-blood$1 good1 he>ty fell[ ,pet] mu/ h be56 ,he _h only f\nd ?ree hundr$ monks at ,cluny 9 #aabb2 b ,hugo ( ,cluny1 8 successor1 0 entitl$ to take rule1 !re & else:]e1 ov] t5 ?\s&4 ,m\nt ,tabor1 ! ,valley ( ,jeho%aphat1 & ,con/ant9ople 7 among ! places :]e ! 8black0 monks 7 well e/abli%$4 ,& a l>ge %>e ( ?is 0 due to ! sagacity & /atesman%ip ( ,pet]4 ,9 pro( ( ?is f9e humanity1 take 8 behavior to ,abel>d4 ,! full /ory comes prop]ly 9 ano!r place2 = ,abel>d himself 0 a writ] ( hymns1 & wor?y ( m ?an transi5t ref]5ce4 ,b :5 poor ,abel>d 0 repudiat$1 disgrac$1 %amefully mutilat$1 & ne>ly at despair's edge1 we>i$ out ) ,/4 ,gildas & 8 refractory monks1 & f9ally defeat$ by ! pur] & high] logic ( ,b]n>d1 !n1 inde$1 d we see ,pet] ( ,cluny at 8 be/4 ,he receiv$ ! disappo9t$ & brok5 man ) 8! welcome ( an unutt]ably guileless & sympa!tic he>t40 ,cluny's gates op5$ wide to take him 94 ,cluny's g5ial1 re/ful _s clos$ 9 ab\t 8 own l ! fea!rs ( ! "m bird ar\nd h] call[1 %iv]+ brood4 ,& :5 he dies1 x is ,cluny's abbot :o details ) ! lov+ p>ticul>ity1 :i* w\ld mo/ help ! sore he>t ( ,heloise1 all 8 la/ do+s4 ,he speaks ev5 to ! k9%ip ( e age :51 aft] ?is long & t5d] lett]1 ^: ,lat9 gl[s ) a deep f]v5cy1 he closes 9 ?is wise3 8,may ,god1 9 y\r /ead1 com=t him 9 8 bosom2 com=t him z ano!r y2 & gu>d him till ?r\gh grace he is re/or$ to y at ! com+ ( ! ,"l1 ) ! %\t ( ! ar*angel & ! trump ( ,god desc5d+ f ! heav5s40 ,x is "t t we speak ( 8 writ+s1 ( :i* a full edition 0 publi%$ at ,p>is 9 #aebb1 "o ( ! ,cluniac monks be+ its compil]4 ,frequ5tly1 dur+ ! next two hundr$ ye>s1 !y are republi%$ 9 :ole or 9 "p4 ,!y are ?us by no means inaccessible1 ?\gh _! m]it is n s great4 ,"o ( ! important works is direct$ aga9/ ! ,jews1 = :om he _h a mo/ pi\s dislike4 ,o!rs are 9 ! nature ( epi/les or ( controv]sial replies1 valuable only = _! "t & _! _s4 ,( 8 v]se1 h[ev]1 we h left u b ab\t f\rte5 specim5s4 ,"o ( ^! is aga9/ ! detractors ( ! poetry ( ,pet] ( ,poiti]s1 :o 7 ne>] "r ?an he suppos$ !m to be4 ,ano!r is a rhym$ epi/le to a c]ta9 ,raimond1 ( "s sixty-f\r l9es4 ,!n we h a 8prose10 ! ^w be+ cognate to prosody1 9 honor ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,its /ructure1 except = ! additional %ort syllable1 is id5tical ) ! 8leon9e & tail$ rhyme0 ( ,b]n>d ( ,morlaix1 8 prior3 8,a patre mittitur1 9 t]ris nascitur1 ,deus de virg9e ,humana patitur1 docet et moritur1 lib5s pro hom9e40 ,x celebrates ,him1 s5t f ! ,fa!r1 born on ! e>?1 ,god f a virg91 we>+ our mortal %ape1 tea*+ & t>ry+ ) u1 & aton+ = our s9s4 ,! be/1 p]haps1 ( all 8 poems is :at ,tr5* & ,m>* quote3 8,mortis portis fractis1 =tis ,=tior vim su/ulit10-- ! real orig9al ( ^? spl5did l9es3 8,n[ brok5 are ! b>s ( ,dea?1 ,& cru%$ ?y /+1 ,despair60-- :i* we f9d 9 ,bi%op ,heb]'s resurrection hymn1 comm5c+1 8,god is gone up ) a m]ry noise40 ,!re is a life to ^! v]ses :i* "o mu/ und]/& _! au?or 9 ord] to appreciate4 ,!y foll[1 9 ! be/ attire t ,i c give !m4 ,!y are exultant r ?an illu/ri\s4 ,x is ! man & n 8 measures :om we celebrate6 ,daniel does n ?9k x wor? 8 :ile to include him at all4 ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* takes 8 own text f ! ,biblio!ca ,cluniac5se1 ,p>is1 #afad3 ,,on ,,! ,,resurrection ,,( ,,our ,,"l4 ,! gates ( dea? are brok5 ?r\gh1 ,! /r5g? ( hell is tam$1 ,& by ! holy cross anew ,its cruel k+ is %am$4 ,a cle>] light has spread its ray ,across ! l& ( gloom ,:5 he :o made ! primal day ,re/ores x f ! tomb4 ,= s ! true ,creator di$ ,t s9n]s might n die1 ,& s he has be5 crucifi$ ,t we might rise on high4 ,= ,satan !n 0 beat5 back ,:]e he1 our ,victor /ood2 ,& t to him 0 dea?ly black ,:i* 0 our vital good4 ,= ,satan1 captur+1 is caught1 ,& z he /rikes he dies4 ,?us calmly & ) mighty ?\ght ,! ,k+ defeats 8 lies1 ,aris+ :5ce he _h be5 br\ght1 ,at once1 to seek ! skies4 ,?us ,god asc5d$1 & return$ ,aga9 to visit man2 ,= hav+ made him fir/1 he ye>n$ ,to c>ry out 8 plan4 ,to t lo/ realm our ,savi\r flew1 ,! e>lie/ pione]1 ,to p ,p>adise anew ,& give our s\ls good *e]4 ,pet] ! ,v5]able di$ on ,decemb] #be?1 #aaef2 b h[ or ) :at surr\nd+s we are n told4 ,he 0 buri$ beside 8 old comrade1 ,h5ry ( ,blois1 ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 )9 ! walls ( ! *ur* :i* ,innoc5t ,,ii4 consecrat$ ^u 8 memorable visit to ,cluny4 ,& ! ,hi/oire ,litt]aire breaks out into an unusual eulogy2 & decl>es t 9 8 case ! title ( 8,v5]able0 0 no less honorable ?an t ( 8,sa9t40 ,!y did n make 8sa9ts0 out ( su* m5 z ,pet]--& ,i don't q see :y !y %\ld4 ,!re 0 too mu* fle%-&-blood reality ab\t him1 too little ( mu/y !ology & altoge!r too little bigotry4 ,b someh[ ! broad-fac$ happy sun proves himself to be ! 8great] light20 :ile ! moon goes palely on1 a gho/ 9 an unaccu/om$ sky4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,b]n>d ,,( ,,cluny4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury--! "t ( ! great ,crusades--we f9d ! noble/ & pure/ ( ,lat9 hymns4 ,x is ! age ( ,hildeb]t1 ,abel>d1 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 ,pet] ( ,cluny1 & ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor4 ,b among !m all ,i f9d no "o :o has inspir$ a deep] & m lovely desire = ! heav5ly l& ?an ,b]n>d ( ,cluny4 ,! in=mation ab\t him is v meagre4 ,he 0 born at ,morlaix 9 ,brittany1 ( ,engli% p>5ts4 ,he seems to h atta9$ to no ecclesia/ical dignity--su* m5 seldom c>e = baubles & tr9kets4 ,b 8 is z true a s\l z ev] burn$ l a /> on a summ] night1 aga9/ ! w>m1 obscure1 palpitat+ heav5 ( et]nal hope4 ,! date ( 8 prom95ce is fix$ by ! fact t ,pet] ! ,v5]able 0 8 abbot1 & x is !re=e includ$ betwe5 #aabb & #aaef4 ,i h 79 ,! ,heav5ly ,l&7 myself assign$ ! ,laus ,patriae ,coele/is--8 fam\s & only poem1 :i* is address$ to ,abbot ,pet]1 to #aade or !reab\ts4 ,8 s+le up-gu% ( melody is a lam5tation ov] ! evil condition ( ! times 9 :i* he lives4 ,!y 7 inde$ days to sadd5 ! s\l ( ! sa9t2 & he call$ 8 poem ,de ,contemptu ,mundi2 = he despis$ ! immundus mundus--! f\l _w 9 :i* he 0 =c$ to rema94 ,x consi/s ( "s ?ree ?\s& l9es ( dactylic hexamet]1 & 0 fir/ publi%$ 7s says ,tr5*1 :o is its /ep-p>5t7 by ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illyricus 9 8 sc>ce & little kn[n supplem5t to ! ,catalogus ,te/ium ,v]itatis4 ,9 ?is 8,catalogue ( ,witnesses to ! ,tru?0 he ga!rs all ^? :o h te/ifi$ aga9/ ! papacy1 & ! supplem5t1 ,v>ia doctorum piorumque ,virorum de ,corrupto ,ecclesiae ,/atu ,poemata 7#aeef71 is made up ( hymns & poems 9 :i* ! pi\s )9 ! ,*ur*1 z well z )\t h] walls1 sorr[$ ov] h] corruption4 ,b]n>d's poem is sometimes kn[n1 !re=e1 by 8 own title1 ,de ,contemptu ,mundi1 & sometimes by t giv5 by ,tr5* to 8 c5to ( ab\t "o hundr$ l9es1 ,laus ,patriae ,coele/is1 ! 8,praise ( ! ,heav5ly ,l&40 ,f ?is c5to "o w\ld d]ive altoge!r an errone\s idea ( ! :ole2 b ,dr4 ,neale1 :o wrote ) ! full text be=e him1 al?\gh he p>aphras$ b "p ( x1 tells u t ! poem1 9 great "p1 is a bitt] satire on ! fe>ful wick$ness ( ! times4 ,x 0 ! "p ,tr5* pass$ by = :i* ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illyricus1 its fir/ editor1 c>$ ! mo/4 ,! s9s & gre$9ess ( ! ,c\rt ( ,rome are ! !me ( ! eighty-five l9es he has embodi$ 9 ! text ( ! ,catalogus itself4 ,by bo? t & ! poems ( 8 supplem5t1 he s\ght to ju/ify ! ,prote/ant ,re=mation on ! side ( ,*ri/ian discipl9e & morals4#aj ,! translators h _h a h>d problem 9 ,b]n>d's poem1 & b few h attempt$ to 8b5d ! b[ ( ,ulysses40 ,dr4 ,neale has a*iev$ ! mo/ popul> & useful result1 9 ! v]sion f :i* 8,j]usalem ! ,gold50 has be5 extract$1 b he does n pret5d to lit]alness4 8,my own translation10 he says1 8is s free z to be little m ?an an imitation40 ,dr4 ,coles has gone /raight away f ! dactyls & made a v]sion 9 anape/s--a metre :i* does n d ju/ice to ,b]n>d4 ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* has r5d]$ a few l9es 9 ! same measure z ! orig9al4 ,i h myself foll[$ 79 #ahfg7 ! exact metre & rhyme ( ! orig9al poem2 b su* a v]sion is r curi\s ?an useful4 ,! translation sign$ by 8,o4 ,a4 ,m41 ,*]ry ,valley10 is 9 its typography1 :ile f9e & cle>1 affect$ly antique4 ,! metrical p[] ( ?is v]sion is inf]ior4 ,x is dactylic b n flu5t1 & does n at all repres5t ! orig9al4 ,t by ,mr4 ,g]>d ,m\ltrie is prais$ by ,dr4 ,tr5* z metrically close & poetically beautiful4 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ x is ! be/ v]sion :i* has appe>$ 9 ,engli%4 ,x seems to keep bo? to ! _s & ! lett] ( ! orig9al1 & is 9 all respects a rem>kable a*ievem5t4 ,x1 h[ev]1 omits ! d\ble rhyme1 & ?us avoids ! *ief difficulty ( a reproduction ( ! =m ( ! orig9al4 ,t by ,rev4 ,jackson ,mason 7#ahhj7 w n /& a comp>ison ) ,mr4 ,m\ltrie's1 z x halts & breaks 9 its measure & produces an effect on ! e> f> f pleasant4 ,! difficulty ( translation is due entirely to ! "* ( ! v]se4 ,b]n>d himself decl>es 8unless t _s ( wisdom & und]/&+ _h be5 ) me1 & fl[$ 9 ^u s difficult a metre1 ,i c\ld n h compos$ s long a "w40 ,n t ?is =m ( v]se 0 orig9al ) him4 ,pet] ,damiani has us$ x 9 "o ( 8 hymns to our ,"l's "m3 8,o mis]atrix1 ,o dom9atrix1 praecipe dictu ,ne deva/emur1 ne lapidemur1 gr&9is ictu40 ,&1 to g f>!r back /ill1 a c]ta9 ,!odulus1 :o liv$ 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,z5o 7#dgd-ia7 wrote a poem ( n9e hundr$ l9es on ,b]n>d's own !me1 ,de ,contemptu ,mundi1 9 ! same metre3 8,paup] amabalis et v5]abilis e/ b5$ictus ,dives inutilis insatiabilis1 e/ mal$ictus4 ,qui bona negligit et mala diligit intrat abyssum2 ,nulla pecunia1 nulla pot5tia lib]at ipsum40 ,a glance w %[ ! nature ( ?is tr\ble :i* ! pati5t ,b]n>d enc\nt]$4 ,take ! two l9es3 8,hora novssima1 tempora pssima sunt1 vigilmus6 ,ecce m9acit]1 imm9et rbit]1 ille suprmus40 ,t is3 8,^! are ! ltt] times1 ,^! are n btt] times1 ,let u /& wait+6 ,lo1 h[ ) wfulness1 ,he1 fir/ 9 lwfulness1 ,comes1 arbitrat+60 ,( c\rse x is inf9itely h>d] to ! translator :o is re/rict$1 ?an to ! compos] :o c eddy ar\nd 8 subject--l$ by ! rhyme z mu* & z freely z he w4 ,& ?is is :at ,b]n>d always does4 ,8 v]ses are ejaculations1 desires1 lam5tations1 long+s--measur$ out by ! 8leon9e hexamet]0 :i* he employs4 ,to %[ ! beauty /ill untranslat$1 z well z to exhibit m ( ! /ructure ( ! poem1 ,i app5d f\r ( ^! l9es3 8,pax ibi florida1 pascua vivida1 viva m$ulla1 ,nulla mole/ia1 nulla trago$ia1 lacryma nulla4 ,o sacra potio1 sacra refectio1 pax anim>um ,o pius1 ,o bonus1 ,o placidus sonus1 hymnus e>um40 ,?us ,engli%$1 closely3 8,peace is !re fl\ri%+1 ,pa/ure-l& n\ri%+1 ,fruitful =ev]4 ,!re is no a*+ brea/1 ,!re is no break+ re/1 ,te>s are se5 nev]4 ,o sacr$ draught ( bliss6 ,peace1 l a waft ( bliss6 ,su/5ance holy6 ,o de> & be/ ( s\nds1 ,he>d 9 ! re/ ( s\nds1 ,hymn$ by ! l[ly60 ,or ?us1 less closely & m accord+ to ! _s ( ! poem3 8,peace do? abide 9 !e2 ,none ha? d5i$ to !e ,fruitage undy+4 ,?\ ha/ no we>9ess2 ,naught ( un*e]9ess ,moves !e to sigh+4 ,draught ( ! /ream ( life1 ,joy ( ! dream ( life1 ,peace ( ! _s6 ,sacr$ & holy hymns1 ,placid & l[ly hymns1 ,?\ do/ inh]it60 ,s /range & subtle is ! *>m ( ?is m>vell\s poem1 ) its abrupt & />tl+ rhy?m1 t x affects me ev5 yet1 ?\gh ,i h b swept my f+]s lightly ov] a s+le *ord4 ,i seem to myself to h aga9 tak5 into my h& ! old famili> h>p1 ^: /r+s ,i h (t5 /ruck 9 times ( d>kness or ( depression ( s\l1 & to be tun+ x once m to ! heav5ly h>mony :i* ! old monk tri$ to cat*4 ,p]haps "s day1 :5 ! cl\ds are remov$1 ,i %all see him1 & und]/& ev5 bett] ?an n[ ! glory t lit 8 lonely cell1 & made him feel t 8,e>? looks s little & s l[ ,:5 fai? %9es full & bright40 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,adam ,,( ,,/4 ,,victor4 ,! s*ool ( ,/4 ,victor1 9 ,p>is1 0 f\nd$ by ,william ( ,*ampeaux1 ! tea*] & rival ( ,abel>d1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,x is kn[n to hi/ory z hav+ be5 ! abode ( ?ree di/+ui%$ s*ol>s1 ,hugo1 ,ri*>d1 & ,adam4 ,hugo & ,ri*>d ( ,/4 ,victor 7 my/ics1 & ,vaughan1 9 ,h\rs ) ! ,my/ics1 has set !m be=e u4 ,f ?is & o!r s\rces1 we gr[ m & m amaz$ to f9d ! imm5se influ5ce ( su* a s*ool4 ,a c5tury f its f\ndation %[$ ,/4 ,victor to be ! p>5t ( ?irty abbeys & ( m ?an eighty priories4 ,"h 9 ^! cells1 l bees 9 a hive1 ! busy monks 7 lay+ up ! only honey ( ! ,d>k ,ages--multiply+ manuscripts1 delv+ into remote philosophies1 muddl+ _! bra9s ov] ab/ruse que/ions1 b n[ & !n leav+ beh9d !m some?+ to b5efit mank9d4 ,!ology & dialectics 7 _! great & inde$ _! only pursuits4 ,l ! swirls ( a sluggi% /ream b5ea? its banks1 !y occasionally caught & kept fre% "s brok5 fl[] f ! %ore4 ,?us1 "o may1 = example's sake1 put a c]ta9 pretty idea ( ,hugo ( ,/4 ,victor into mod]n v]se3 8,hugo1 ,/4 ,victor's prior--a man ,g5tle & sweet1 contemplative & wise1 ,makes m5tion 9 8 f9e & my/ic plan ,( ?ree great /eps by :i* our spirits rise3 ,fir/1 ,cogitation--:5 we turn$ our eyes2 ,!n1 ,m$itation--:5 our m9ds began ,) hov]+ w+ ! k9dl$ ?\ght to scan2 ,la/1 ,contemplation--:i* all d\bt defies4 ,yea1 & he sai? t1 9 ! gre5e/ wood ,( /ubborn s\ls1 ?is glory k9dle? s ,t ! pure flame aga9/ ! sap w gl[ ,& be by no?+ f9ally )/ood-- ,! smoke itself be p>t$ to & fro1 ,until cle> light %all %9e 9 con/ant good40 ,ri*>d 0 ! disciple & successor ( ?is g5tle-spirit$ ,hugo4 ,9 #aaad ! priory became an abbacy1 & :5 ,ri*>d 0 prior 9 #aafb1 he _h = abbot no v godly p]son1 s9ce "u ,ervisius all discipl9e 0 relax$1 & sc&al & s5suality began to rule4 ,b ,ri*>d /ood out /\tly & ) good judgm5t2 & he liv$ to see ! old h>mony & glory return aga94 ,9 8 day & 9 t ( ,adam1 :i* 0 contemporane\s ) 81 ! s*ool repres5t$ ! dialectical & !ologic1 r ?an ! spiritual & my/ical side ( religion2 & yet x did good "w1 z a peacemak]1 = ! tru?4 ,x gives u little en\gh1 h[ev]1 ) :i* to fall 9 love4 ,massive x may be1 & intricate 9 its curi\s ability respect+ useless pieces ( *op-logic1 b ! pr(\nd piety :i* belongs to e age & clime did n f9d mu* to com=t x at ,/4 ,victor4 ,^! m5 dug %afts & tunnels1 !y did n op5 f\ndations & s9k wells d[n to liv+ /reams4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor1 z ,i h said1 liv$ 9 ^? days1 & !y produc$ _! natural effect ^u 8 m9d & ^u 8 writ+s4 ,he di$ some:]e betwe5 #aagb & #aaib2 & :ile he 0 celebrat$ z ! expositor ( ,/4 ,j]ome's prefaces to ! books ( ! ,bible1 & 0 kn[n z ! compos] ( 8sequ5ces1 rhy?ms1 & o!r writ+s10 8 fame re/s ^u 8 mod]n r$iscov]y by ,monsieur ,gauti]4 ,! hi/ory ( ! pres]vation ( 8 hymns is itself a sugge/ive comm5t>y on ! difficulties ( ,lat9 hymnology1 & s ,i give x entire4 ,cli*tove1 a ,flemi% !ologian ( ! p]iod betwe5 #aejj & #aeej1 und]took to help 8 bre?r5 to compreh5d ! (fices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,8 ,elucidatorium ,ecclesia/icum 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,p>is 9 #aeae1 & !n at ,basle 9 #aeag & #aeai4 ,!re 7 f\r subsequ5t editions--t ( ,p>is 7#aeef7 be+ ! be/1 & t ( ,cologne 7#agcb7 be+ ! late/4 ,n[ ?is book 0 ! great m9e = ,lat9 hymns be=e ,daniel1 ,tr5*1 ,mone1 ,knigsfeld1 ,m>*1 & o!rs made !m accessible4 ,& ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor he gives ?irty-six specim5s1 :i* 7 suppos$ to be all t _h rema9$1 ) "o or two possible exceptions4 ,9 #ahee ,j4 ,p4 ,migne publi%$ 9 8 ,patrologiae ,cursus1 9 volume #aif1 ^! ?irty-six hymns ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor4 ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*1 :o is su* an admir] ( our poet1 has d\btless be5 indebt$ to ! _m helpful ,lat9 notes1 ) :i* ! excell5t editor ( ! ,patrologia has enri*$ ! obscurity ( 8 au?or4 ,at lea/ s x seems to a p]son :o comp>es ,tr5*'s own notes ) t ,lat94 ,monsieur ,gauti]1 h[ev]1 det]m9$ to look fur!r1 ! result be+ t he publi%$ ! ,oeuvres ,poetiques d' ,adam de ,/4 ,victor 9 #aheh at ,p>is4 ,?is gives u "o hundr$ & six hymns--( :i* ,tr5* says t "s ( !m 7 well kn[n b anonym\s2 & o!rs are /rictly new1 & fully equal to 8 be/ compositions4 ,f ?is s\rce1 !n1 ! two great admir]s ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor--,ar*bi%op ,tr5* & ,dr4 ,neale--h drawn _! orig9als4 ,i am n surpris$ t !ologians %\ld enjoy su* a poet z ,adam4 ,he is s t]se1 s dialectically subtle1 s metaphysically accurate1 s allegorically copi\s4 ,9 a l9e he (t5 makes a ref]5ce :i* 8 editor /ruggles to cat* 9 a foot-note a page long4 ,& y mu/ compreh5d ! ref]5ce 9 ord] to compreh5d ! poem6 ,z ,i read ! eulogy ( ,tr5*1 ,i f9d him say+ t :5 we rememb] ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor's !ologic lore1 8 frequ5t & admirable use ( ,scripture1 8 art & v>iety 9 v]sification1 8 8skill 9 conduct+ a /ory10 & 8 own p]sonal feel+ :i* p]meates 8 poems1 we mu/ put him 8=emo/ among ! sacr$ ,lat9 poets ( ! ,middle ,ages40 ,dr4 ,neale1 too1 calls him 8! greate/ ( m$iaeval poets40 ,& s1 8:at %all he d t come? aft] ! ,k+80 ,=1 9 spite ( ?is mighty comm5dation1 & 9 spite ( ! praise :i* ^! didactic hymns h obta9$1 we _c & d n s+ any ( !m4 ,ev5 ,dr4 ,neale _c make !m s+able1 ?\gh he w\ld probably d x if he c\ld4 ,i mu/ confess--& take ! risk ( be+ *>g$ ) /upidity & ignorance--t ,i _c place ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor :]e !y h set him4 ,s\!y's ballads & poems are legion1 z we "k1 & !y are le>n$ beyond all cavill+2 b !y w n live l ! two or ?ree little ?+s ( ,mo!rwell4 ,& ,adam's va/ cong]ies ( sequ5ces1 compos$ = all ! sa9ts & fe/ivals ( ! cal5d>1 _c /& an in/ant aga9/ ! sweetness ( ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 or ! gr&eur ( ,pet] ,damiani's judgm5t hymn4 ,^! o!rs1 x is true1 wrote less1 b !y wrote subjectively1 & h5ce !y appeal$ to ! he>t ( ! ,*ri/ian 9 e age4 ,= v]se alone1 h[ev] skilful1 is n poetry2 & ! celebration ( sa9ts & angels1 h[ev] beautifully accompli%$1 m9i/]s no?+ to 8a m9d diseas$40 ,we ne$ to feel a g5ius :i* k9dles its wat*-fire 9 ! l9e ( signal--z did ,hel5a's wat*]s betwe5 ,j]usalem & ,con/ant9ople4 ,!n1 z ?is flame fl>es up into ! night1 we "k t x speaks to u ( ! discov]y ( ! true cross4 ,i am ?us compell$ to diss5t f ! cultus :i* has gr[n up ab\t ?is brilliant1 epigrammatic1 & altoge!r admirable ,adam4 ,= he attracts by 8 obscurity & he surprises by 8 intricacy2 & ! int]e/ excit$ is t ( ! s*ol> & ( ! translator1 r ?an t ( ! popul> approval ( ! ,*ri/ians ( to-day4 ,& ,i am glad to support ?is op9ion1 n m]ely by ! r cau/ic comm5t ( ,pr(essor ,m>*1 b by ! ^w ( ,mrs4 ,*>les1 :]e %e speaks ( 88 elaborate sy/em ( ,scriptural types occasionally *ill+ ! g5u9e fire ( 8 v]se into a catalogue ( images40 ,& ,i mu/ add1 = my own ju/ification1 t ?is 8fire0 is ! fire ( ! orator1 & n altoge!r t ( ! poet4 ,x is objective & n subjective2 = ?\gh !re be two k9ds ( poetry 9 ! _w1 we _c d\bt :i* k9d x is t 8p]man5tly pleases & takes commonly ) all classes ( m50--= ?is 0 ,ari/otle's unequall$ def9ition4 ,x is "t t we %\ld take a glance at ?is laureate ( ,/4 ,victor1 ^: monum5tal plate ( copp] rema9$1 d[n to ! date ( ! fir/ ,revolution1 ne> ! door ( ! *oir 9 t anci5t cloi/]4 ,! epitaph ^u x 0 ma9ly drawn f 8 own "w4 ,x brea!s ! same contempt ( e>? & d]ision ( its vanities1 :i* we f9d s common 9 t age4 8,vana salus hom9is1 vanus decor1 omnia vana2 ,int] vana nihil vanius e/ hom9e40 8,va9 is ! welf>e ( man & 8 fa%ion1 = all ?+s are vanity2 ,&1 9 ! mid/ ( vanity1 no?+ is va9] ?an man40 ,x 0 a lat] h& ?an 8 own :i*1 aft] select+ ^? t5 l9es f ,adam's own writ+s1 add$ f\r v inf]ior v]ses to complete ! inscription4 ,^! /ate t3 8,i :o lie "h1 ! un=tunate & wret*$ 7mis] et mis]abilis7 ,adam1 ask "o pray] z my highe/ rew>d3 ,i h s9n$2 ,i confess2 ,i seek p>don2 sp>e ! contrite4 ,sp>e me1 fa!r2 sp>e me1 bre?r52 sp>e me1 ,god40 ,he 0 born 9 ,brittany1 to ! be/ ( our in=mation4 ,he /udi$ 9 ,p>is1 & f9ally ent]$ ! walls ( ,/4 ,victor1 nev] to leave x4 ,x is a v brief record1 b x illu/rates ! monotony & dead sam5ess ( t m$iaeval mona/ic life4 ,! ,d>k ,ages 7 mud-flats1 f :i* ! tide _h gone out4 ,& yet ,i ?9k t ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor _h ano!r side to him1 :i* ,tr5* & ,neale might well h develop$--a p[] ( liveli] rhy?m ?an is (t5 suspect$4 ,! little /r&$ fi% p]*ance gamboll$ a trifle 9 its small sea-wat] pool4 ,! poem :i* ,i quote is f\nd 9 ,migne & ,gauti]4 ,x diff]s f ano!r sequ5ce ^u a simil> !me--"o :i* ,dr4 ,neale has translat$4 ,x is 8,! ,praise ( ! ,cross40 ,?is poem1 x w be se51 is abrupt1 irregul>1 & altoge!r inf]ior1 9 "s features1 to ! usually f9i%$ & elegant diction ( its au?or4 ,= ?is v reason ,i h select$ x2 x exhibits ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor :5 he da%es (f ! /anzas )\t revision1 fir$ by ! gl[ ( 8 !me4 ,only on ?is acc\nt d ,i r5d] x1 try+ m]ely to c>ry its da% & _s into ! ,engli% v]sion4 ,salve1 ,crux1 arbor ,vitae praecl>a4 ,vexillum ,*ri/i1 ,?ronus et ara4 ,o ,crux1 pr(anis ,t]ror et ru9a1 ,tu ,*ri/ianis ,virtus es div9a ,salus et victoria4 ,tu prop]antis ,contra ,max5tium ,tu praeliantis ,juxta ,danubium ,con/ant9i gloria4 ,fav5s ,h]aclio ,p]dis cum filio ,*osroe pr(anum4 ,9 hoc salut>i ,ligno glori>i ,decet ,*ri/ianum4 ,crucis longum1 latum1 ,sublim1 pr(undum1 ,sanctis propalatum ,quadrum salvat mundum ,sub quadri figura ,m$ic9a v]a4 ,*ri/us 9 /at]a ,crucis e/ di/ractus1 ,pretiumque factus1 ,solvit mortis jura4 ,crux e/ no/rae ,libra ju/itiae ,sceptrum regis1 ,virga pot5tiae4 ,crux1 coele/is ,signum victoriae4 ,belli robur ,et palma gloriae4 ,tu scala1 tu vatis ,tu crux desp]atis ,tabula suprema4 ,tu de membris ,*ri/i ,decorem traxi/i ,regum diadema4 ,t] te nobis ,crux beata ,crux1 cruore consecrata ,sempit]na gaudia ,det sup]na gratia4 ,am56 ,hail1 ?\ ,cross1 spl5did ,tree1 ( life's own place2 ,*ri/'s v /&>d1 ,alt> & ?rone-place4 ,?\ to ! hea!n ,ru9 & t]ror2 ,?\ to ! ,*ri/ian ,br++ joy ne>]-- ,heal? & success6 ,?\ :5 ,max5tius ,swiftly defi$-- ,?\ :5 ! ,danube ,fl[$ at 8 side-- ,gave/ to ,con/ant9e ,glory no less6 ,yea1 & ,h]aclius' ,fight ?\ ha/ won ,:5 ! pr\d ,*osroes ,fell1 ) 8 son4 ,s %\ld a ,*ri/ian tongue ,boa/ ( ! wor? ,( ?is mo/ wond]ful ,tree ( ! e>?4 ,?is ! true m$ic9e ,( ! :ole l& ,f\r-squ>e & p]fect ,z x %all /&2 ,f\r-squ>e 9 bread? & height1 ,dep? & l5g?1 ev]2 ,%[n to ! sa9ts ( ,god1 ,cure = life's fev]4 ,*ri/ 9 su* balances1 ,pois$ on ! cross1 ,make? dea? lighte/1 ,save? f loss6 ,yea1 ! cross truly-- ,ju/e/ ( scales6-- ,= a k+'s sceptre ,& prie/'s rod avails4 ,cross ?\ art surely ,our heav5ly sign1 ,/r5g? ( our battle ,& gu]don div9e4 ,ladd] & life-raft ,& plank on ! wave-- ,^? t are dr[n+1 ,o cross1 ?\ can/ save6 ,?\ t ha/ c>ri$ ,! ,savi\r ( m51 ,had/ ! be/ honor ,( royalty1 !n4 ,bless$ cross1 may !re be giv51 ,?r\gh t blood1 our way to heav5-- ,unto u et]nal place ,unto u cele/ial grace6 ,adam's peculi>ities are v m>k$ 9 ?is production4 ,he alludes1 z y p]ceive1 to ! ,cross 9 ! air :i* ,con/ant9e took z 8 sign 9 :i* to conqu]4 ,he ref]s to ,*osroes1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia1 :o1 aft] great successes & ! conque/ ( ,j]usalem itself1 0 f9ally ov]come by ,h]aclius1 ! ,ea/]n ,emp]or1 ab\t #fbb-bi ,a4,d42 & he also drags 9 a piece ( my/ical imag]y ab\t ! 8f\r-squ>5ess0 ( ! e>?1 :i* is h>d en\gh to und]/& )\t a key4 ,! key is "o ) _m w>ds4 ,x includes ! 8bread?1 dep?1 l5g?1 & height0 ( ! love ( ,*ri/2 x sugge/s ! appe>ance ( ! heav5ly city ( ,john's vision2 x rem9ds u ( ! temple 9 ,ezekiel's prophecy1 & ( ! acc\nt ( ! actual /ructure 9 #a ,k+s2 x recalls ! classical geograph]s' notions ab\t ! %ape ( ! e>? & ab\t ! 8f\r qu>t]s10 :i* we /ill call ea/1 we/1 nor?1 s\?2 x f9ally symbolizes all ^! ?+s by ! f\r arms ( ! ,cross6 ,is x any wond] t ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor is a difficult poet to translate1 & t 8 v]ses are n fitt$ to be sung8 ,yet x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! ,h]i mundus exultavit 7,/4 ,/eph5's ,day7 & ! ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus1 ,spiritus ,recreator1 are bo? 84 ,nor mu/ x escape notice t ,dr4 ,neale's ,m$iaeval ,hymns conta9s elev5 v]sions ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor2 :ile ,dr4 ,wa%burn1 ,*ancellor ,b5$ict1 & o!r translators h q made ! old s*oolman's 8sequ5ces0 & 8proses0 famili> to ! mo/ c>eless eye4 ,rec5tly also we h ! ?ree volumes ( ,mr4 ,digby ,s4 ,wrangham 7,london1 #ahha7 9 :i* our poet is translat$ entire1 ! ,lat9 & ,engli% be+ plac$ ^u opposite pages4 ,he has atta9$ su* an em95ce z ,drummond ( ,haw?ornd51 :o has come back to u because he knew ,b5 ,jonson & _h kept & /ratifi$ ! _s ( 8 age4 ,to me ! man is always fasc9at+1 always sugge/ive4 ,he appe>s to *all5ge ! be/ t we mod]ns c d4 ,8 v t]s5ess is a defiance4 ,& "h1 9 ?is /range symmetry1 ,i fancy t ,i see ! al]tness & skill ( t wise insect :i* takes hold ) h] h&s 9 k+s' palaces4 ,! web ( ?is precise & unv>y+ artisan (t5 sp>kles ) ! morn+ dew ( a pure devotion4 ,! l9es & /ays & braces & fa%ion+ ( ^! illu/ri\s v]ses are z accurate z ! spid]'s sp9n+4 ,i look up t[>d ! light &1 yond]1 ^u "s ,cor9?ian capital ( ! song ( songs--or ov] !re 9 a corn] ( ! gate call$ ,beautiful ?r\gh :i* ,ezekiel walks--or aga91 high amid ! wisdom ( t ,solomon's ,por* ( ! ,apocalypse :]e /&s ! s]5e ,john--!re ,i see h[ ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor has /ret*$ 8 web4 ,& if1 n[ & !n1 "s dead fly ( an obscure allusion1 or "s desiccat$ bit ( mona/icism1 (f5ds ! sight1 ,i /rive to ?9k only ( ! art t has spread ! fabric--& ,god's glori\s sun%9e bright5s1 ^u ,8 own temple1 ,8 little creature's toil6 ,,v]bum ,,dei1 ,,deo ,,natum4 ,he1 ! ,^w ( ,god1 ! fat$ ,son1 unmade & uncreat$ ,came f heav5 to be ) m54 ,john beheld him1 t\*$ him truly1 ,br\ght him 9 ?is gospel newly ,back to dwell ) u aga94 ,:]e ^? e>ly /reams 7 fl[+1 ,purely f pure f\nta9s go+1 ,john breaks =? 9 full] tides1 ,p\r+ = ! ?ir/y nations ,^? life-giv+1 sweet libations ,:i* ! ?rone ( ,god provides4 ,heav5 he trod1 :]e9 ! gold5 ,sun ( tru? by him behold5 ,fill$ 8 s\l's mo/ secret space4 ,dream+1 ) 8 _s lift$ ,to ! s]aphim1 ^: %ift$ ,w+s reveal$ ,god's v face4 ,!re he he>d 9 circle seat$ ,h>p]s h>p _! (t-repeat$ ,praise1 ) eld]s ne> ! ?rone3 ,by ! seal ( ,godhead plac+ ,on our v spee* ! trac+ ,( ! ?\ghts ( ,god alone4 ,z an eagle1 unmole/$ ,:]e ea* se] & prophet re/$1 ,f> he flies above !m all3 ,nev] yet 0 mortal smitt5 ,by su* secret tru?s unwritt51 ,tru?s :i* nev] fail or fall4 ,!re ! ,k+1 9 ve/ure spl5did ,se51 b yet uncompreh5d$1 ,passes to 8 palace gate2 ,to 8 bride1 f 8 dom9ion1 ,he has s5t on eagle's p9ion ,tid+s ( t my/ic /ate4 ,speak ?\ !n h] bridegroom's spl5dor1 ,tell ( re/ mo/ deep & t5d]1 ,be> ?y message to ! bride4 ,tell :at angels' food resembles1 ,at :at fea/s all heav5 assembles1 ,:]e _! ,k+ %all /ill abide4 ,tell aga9 :at bread is giv51 ,pur*as$ by t side once riv5-- ,*ri/'s own bread1 himself alone4 ,h[ t company upraises ,to ! ,lamb its l(ty praises1 ,:5 we s+ be=e ! ?rone4 ,,simplex ,,9 ,,ess5tia4 ,s+le 9 ess5tial place1 ,b ( sev5fold p[] & grace1 ,may ! ,_s %9e on u3 ,may ! light div9ely %[n ,= all gloom ( he>t atone1 ,& temptations p]il\s4 ,law 9 symbols w5t be=e u1 ,d>k ) ?reats ( judgm5t o'er u1 ,ere we saw ! gospel rays3 ,may ! _s ( ! sages ,hidd5 9 _! lett]$ pages ,v5ture =? 9 op5 ways6 ,law1 m5 he>d f m\nta9 peaks2 ,unto few ! ,new ,grace speaks ,s(tly1 9 a room above3 ,?us ! spot itself is tea*+ ,:i* are be/ )9 our rea*+-- ,works ( law or words ( love4 ,flame & trumpet s\nd+ l\d ,?und] ?r\gh ! smoky %r\d3 ,sudd5-fla%+ lightn+s--^? ,/rike a t]ror to ! s\l2 ,n\ri%+ no sweet control ,:i* ! ,_s's gift be/[s4 ,?us ! sund]$ ,s9ai ?und]$1 ,fix+ law & guilty man4 ,law mo/ fe>ful ,& un*e]ful1 ,cru%+ s9 by rigid plan4 ,b ! fa!rs long select$1 ,& to p[] div9e direct$ ,h[ !y loose ! bonds ( s96 ,words refre%+1 ?reats a/\nd+ ,?r\gh new tongues 9 concord s\nd+ ,?us _! miracles beg94 ,%[+ c>e = !m t langui%1 ,sp>+ man !y sp>e n angui% ,9 pursuit ( evil ?+s4 ,smit+ s9n]s1 & rem9d+1 ,only loos+1 only b9d+ ,by ! p[] :i* fre$om br+s4 ,type ( ,jubilee return+ ,is t day 7if ?\ art le>n+ ,my/]ies ( holy "t7 ,on ! :i* ?ree ?\s& he>+1 ,came 9 fai?1 no long] fe>+1 ,& ! ,*ur* sprang up sublime4 ,jubilee1 = s !y knew x1 ,:o 7 *ang$ & succor$ ?r\gh x1 ,s9ce x freely call$ unto x ,debts & d\bts1 & set !m "r4 ,may ! lov+ k9dness spok5 ,unto u di/ress$ & brok51 ,give release1 & z a tok5 ,make u wor?y ( ! light4 ,,zyma ,,vetus ,,expurgetur4 ,purge away ! anci5t leav51 ,let a pas*al joy be giv51 ,= our ,"l is ris5 aga94 ,?is ! day ( bett] vision1 ,?is ! day ( va/ decision1 ,by ! ,^w ( ,god to m54 ,?is despoil$ ,egyptian spoil]s1 ,?is set free ! ,hebrew toil]s ,f ! bonds 9 :i* !y lay1 ,:]e1 9 iron furnace fa/5$1 ,tyrants all _! labor ha/5$ ,9 cem5t & /raw & clay4 ,n[ 9 praise ( holy liv+1 ,holy triumph1 godlike giv+1 ,let ! free voice s\nd its /ra94 ,?is ! day ! ,"l creat$1 ,?is our grief has t]m9at$1 ,com=t br++ to our pa94 ,?+s to come let law betok51 ,*ri/ %[s promises unbrok51 ,/ill appe>+ all 9 all4 ,?r\gh 8 blood ! sword ?\gh awful ,blunt$ droops--our way is lawful1 ,& ! prohibitions fall4 ,he :o gave u cause ( laught]1 7,s9ce ! rescue foll[$ aft]7 ,glad ( he>t is ,isaac /ill2 ,joseph f ! pit is lift$1 ,z f dea? our ,"l1 ?r\gh rift$ ,cl\ds t veil$ ! heav5ly w4 ,?us t s]p5t-rod1 surpris+ ,malice 9 its wor/ devis+1 ,swall[$ all ! o!r rods4 ,?us ! braz5 s]p5t vy+ ,) ! poison1 :5 ! dy+ ,tru/$ ,god in/ead ( gods4 ,?r\gh ! jaw1 ) hook & cable ,*ri/ to seize ! foe is able2 ,on ! cockatrice's d5 ,he1 ! weand *ild1 is sitt+1 ,:ile af> 9 fe> is flitt+ ,t old enemy ( m54 ,!y :o laugh$ at good ,elias ,feel ! curs+ ( ! pi\s ,/ruck by v5geance undef]r$2 ,:ile ,k+ ,david feign+ madness1 ,& ! goat t be>s our sadness ,flee z does ! sacr$ bird4 ,samson ) a jawbone m]ely ,slays a ?\s& foes1 & cle>ly ,spurns alliance to _! "n4 ,samson break+ ,gaza's portal1 ,be>s x (f1 z life immortal ,bur/s ! gate ( dea?ly %ame4 ,?us does ,judah's ,lion ev] ,bur/ ! bonds t none may sev]1 ,:5 ! ?ird day glimm]s on2 ,at 8 ,fa!r's voice awak+1 ,to ! ,*ur*'s bosom tak+ ,_m a de> & ransom$ son4 ,jonah /ay$ :5 he 0 fly+-- ,?is true ,jonah signify+-- ,m>ks a day :5 safe1 ?r\gh dy+1 ,*ri/ f dep? ( e>? arose4 ,n[ ! cypress blossom bright5s1 ,n[ ! clu/] spreads & height5s1 ,n[ ! *ur*ly lily :it5s1 ,wav+ ov] ,jewi% foes4 ,dea? & life toge!r /riv+ ,h9d] n ! ,*ri/ reviv+1 ,& ) him are sa9ts d]iv+ ,resurrection ?r\gh 8 blood4 ,morn+ new & full ( gladness1 ,h[ x *e]s our e sadness2 ,god ha? conqu]$ ,satan's madness ,9 ?is "t ( joy & good6 ,jesus1 victor1 :o ha/ giv5 ,life2 our ,only ,way to heav52 ,:o by dea? our dea? ha/ %riv51 ,bid u to ?y fea/1 nay1 ev5 ,grant u fai? ) :i* to come4 ,liv+ bread1 f\nt unabat$1 ,v9e ( tru?1 ) fruit unsat$1 ,fe$ ?\ u ?y new-creat$1 ,t f dea? reanimat$ ,by ?y grace we ga9 our home6 ,,plausu ,,*orus ,,laetebunde4 7,translat$ by ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson47 ,) ab\nd+ joy applaud+1 ,n[1 ! m5 our songs are laud+1 ,:o rung out ! gospel s\nd4 ,l ! sun's out/ream+ glory ,*as+ night away1 _! /ory ,c>ries life ! _w ar\nd4 ,= 8 flock ! ,%eph]d c>e?1 ,& 8 law = !m prep>e?1 ,9 a f\rfold gift ( love4 ,all ! _w %all "k ! heal+ ,( 8 law ( life1 reveal+ ,/r5g? & beauty f above4 ,t[>d ! tru?1 complete 9 spl5dor1 ,ea* a s]vice has to r5d]1 ,giv5 to him specially4 ,?is is %[n f =ms creat$1 ,z x 7 anticipat$ ,9 a vivid prophecy4 ,pi]c+ ?r\gh ! cl\ds l[ ly+1 ,john1 ^u an eagle fly+1 ,looks ! v sun ^u4 ,ris+ to ! height ( heav51 ,9 ! ,fa!r's bosom ev51 ,he beholds ! ,et]nal ,"o4 ,face & =m ( man betok5 ,mat!w1 = by him are spok5 ,words1 :i* tell t to our race ,god himself has n[ desc5d$1 ,& ! ,god & ,man1 n[ bl5d$1 ,takes 9 ,david's l9e 8 place4 ,ox ) op5 m\?1 assigns he ,unto ,luke1 by him designs he ,*ri/ a ,victim to display4 ,cross = alt> he receive?1 ,!re our peace 8 dea? a*ieve?1 ,old5 rites h pass$ away4 ,face ( rugg$1 r\s$ up lion ,is = ,m>k--'tis 8 to cry on ,) an all-p]vad+ s\nd1 ,( ! ,*ri/1 rais$ up victori\s ,by ! ,fa!r's p[] all-glori\s1 ,) immortal spl5dor cr[n$4 ,9 ?is f\rfold way ( wond] ,to ! _w ,god come?2 "u ,ve/m5ts su* ! ark is borne4 ,=? f p>adise are fl[+ ,^! new /reams ( m]cy1 go+ ,to refre% ! _w =lorn4 ,nev] w ! h\se fall1 surely1 ,built on f\rfold wall securely1 ,?us ! h\se ( ,god do? re/4 ,9 ?is h\se1 oh wondr\s /ory6 ,dwells ! ,bless$ 9 8 glory1 ,god ) man 9 union bless$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,?omas ,,( ,,celano4 ,hymnologi/s h _! favorites among ! sacr$ s+]s ( ! ,middle ,ages1 b all conc$e ! fir/ place to ! poet :o gave ! _w ! ,dies ,irae1 ! great sequ5ce or 8prose0 sung 9 ! s]vice = ! dead ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*4 ,x has attract$ m att5tion ?an any o!r s+le hymn4 ,:ole books h be5 writt5 ab\t x4 ,x is indissolubly associat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( music ) ,moz>t's wond]ful 8,requiem10 & 9 t ( lit]ature ) ! conclud+ sc5es ( ! fir/ "p ( 8,fau/40 ,m translations h be5 made ( x ?an ( any o!r poem 9 ! ,lat9 language1 or p]haps 9 any language4 ,all ,*ri/5dom rejoices 9 x z a common treasure1 ! gift ( ,god ?r\gh a dev\t ,italian monk ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 9 an age full ( vitality t ?is 8hymn ( ! giants0 0 writt5--! mo/ int]e/+ c5tury 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/5dom1 ,mat!w ,arnold says4 ,9 all directions we enc\nt] ! play or collision ( great =ces4 ,! ,papacy1 ! ,empire1 ! ,crusades1 ! ,m5dicant ,ord]s1 & ev51 9 its way1 ! ,inquisition1 give evid5ce ( ! work+ ( a _s ( en]gy & movem5t1 :i* places ! c5tury 9 %>p contra/ to ! less explicit developm5t :i* _h prec$$1 & ! age ( comp>ative exhau/ion :i* foll[$4 ,n[h]e 0 ?is m visible ?an 9 ! *>act]s ( ! great ,*ur*m5 ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,popes l ,innoc5t ,,iii4 & ,gregory ,,ix41 f\nd]s ( ord]s l ,dom9ic & ,francis1 !ologians l ,aqu9as & ,bonav5tura1 may excite our admiration or our c5sure1 b !y are m5 ( su* magnitude z are n to be f\nd 9 o!r c5turies 9 ! same numb]4 ,!y 7 live m51 & !y h made a la/+ impression ^u ! _w by ! =ce ( _! vitality4 ,two ( ^!1 ,aqu9as & ,bonav5tura1 we %all meet aga9 z hymn-writ]s4 ,b fir/ we h to deal ) "o ^: *ief claim to recollection is a s+le great hymn4 ,?omas ( ,celano 0 an ,italian at a "t :5 ,italy 0 /irr$ by ! great battle ( ,pope ) ,emp]or into an intellectual life1 :i* 0 to culm9ate 9 ,dante at ! close ( ! c5tury4 ,exactly 9 its la/ ye> ! writ+ ( ! ,div9a ,comm$ia 0 to beg94 ,! tr\bles ( 8 "t mu/ h come v close to ,?omas4 ,8 native city ( ,celano1 a t[n ( ! old ,m>sians1 0 "o ( ! fir/ to suff] "u ! h& ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 ,9 #abbc x 0 =c$ to capitulate by ! ,c\nt ( ,ac]ra1 ,?omas ( ,aqu9as1 ! w>like uncle & namesake ( ! great !ologian4 ,! inhabitants 7 compell$ to leave _! h\ses1 tak+ all _! movables1 & ! place 0 burn$ to ! gr\nd1 only ! *ur* ( ,/ ,john be+ left /&+ among ! ru9s4 ,! p1 to puni% _! disloyalty to ! ,emp]or1 7 transport$ to ,sicily1 ,malta1 & ,calabria1 :5ce !y return$ to rebuild _! t[n aft] _! enemy's dea?4 ,h[ old ,?omas 0 at ! "t ( ?is calamity1 & :e!r x _h any?+ to d ) 8 becom+ a monk ( ! ,ord] ( ,francis ( ,assisi1 we d n "k4 ,b c]ta9ly x is n impossible t ! spectacle ( ?is dies irae1 :5 ! sanctities ( 8 boyhood's home 7 left desolate1 or ev5 ! news ( its occurr5ce 9 8 abs5ce1 may h left a p]man5t impression ^u 8 m9d1 & may h sugge/$ m or less directly 8 great hymn4 ,celano lay 9 ! nor!rn end ( ! ,k+dom ( ,naples1 z x 0 aft]w>d call$1 across ! ,ap5n9es f ,rome & slightly nor? ( x4 ,x 0 n f> f ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,fr$]ick's h]$it>y dom9ions1 across :i* lay ! ,umbrian region1 :]e ,assisi is situat$4 ,at "s "t & 9 "s way ,?omas made 8 way to ,assisi1 & came "u ! influ5ce ( ! wond]ful man ^: p]sonality has made ! m\nta9 t[n a place ( pilgrimage ev5 = ^? :o are n ( ! ,lat9 communion4 ,francis ( ,assisi is "o ( ! /range/1 if also "o ( ! mo/ beautiful figures 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,prote/ants vie ) ,ca?olics1 ,k>l ,hase & ,m>g>et ,oliphant ) ,fr$]ic ,ozanam & ,joseph ,go]res1 9 depict+ ?is dev\t & *ildlike _s1 :o took pov]ty = 8 bride & set himself to realize 9 ! utmo/ lit]alness ! comm& to g =? to prea* rep5tance & =giv5ess ( s9s1 tak+ nei!r scrip nor purse1 & possess+ no m ?an ! absolute necess>ies ( human exi/5ce4 ,at fir/ he _h no ?\ght ( f\nd+ an ord]1 b only ( help+ ! poor & ! suff]+ = ,*ri/'s sweet sake4 ,b ! div9e fire ( lov+ humility & *ildlike simplicity 9 ! man drew o!rs inevitably to 8 side1 until !re arose 9 8 m9d ! s5se ( a great vocation to ga!r m5 into a new =m ( bro!rhood4 8,fe> n10 he said to 8 e>lie/ disciples1 89 t ye seem few & simple-m9d$4 ,prea* rep5tance to ! _w1 tru/+ 9 ,him :o ha? ov]come ! _w1 t ,8 ,_s speaks ?r\gh y4 ,y w f9d "s to receive y & y\r ^w ) joy1 if /ill m to resi/ & mock y4 ,be> all t ) pati5ce & meekness4 ,take no he$ = y\r simplicity or m9e4 ,9 a %ort "t ! wise & ! noble w come to prea* ) y be=e pr9ces & p1 & _m w be turn$ to ! ,"l4 ,he has %[n x to me1 & 9 m9e e>s !re is a s\nd ( ! multitude ( disciples :o are to come to u out ( e p4 ,! ,fr5* are on ! way2 ! ,spani>ds are hurry+2 ! ,g]mans & ,engli% run2 & a multitude ( o!r tongues ha/5 hi!r40 ,s ,?omas ( ,celano records 8 words 9 8 biography ( ! sa9t1 :i* is ! free/ f exagg]ations & ! mo/ tru/wor?y ( !m all4 ,z ,?omas surviv$ ,francis "s ?irty ye>s1 !re is no reason to reg>d him z "o ( ! gr\p ( ! fir/ disciples :o began to ga!r ar\nd ! f\nd] z e>ly z #abji4 ,he is n nam$ among 8! twelve apo/les0 :o came fir/4 ,b ! relation betwe5 ! two m5 seems to h be5 m ?an usually close & intimate4 ,p]haps x 0 ! m s z be+ f\nd$ on contra/s r ?an on resemblances 9 _! *>act]s4 ,= ,francis 0 di/+ui%$ f o!r tea*]s ( 8 age by ! bright & *e]ful views he ent]ta9$ ( ,god & ,8 love to mank9d4 ,?is 0 ! !me ( 8 say+s & 8 songs2 ?is he prea*$ to ! poor :5 !y /ream$ out ( ! ,italian cities to welcome him z "o :o br\ght com=t & joy to ! d[nca/4 ,!y emphasiz$ _! s5se ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 him & ! ord9>y prea*]s by say+1 8,he he>s ^? :om ev5 ,god w n he>60 ,?omas1 on ! o!r h&1 seems to h be5 con/itutionally pr$ispos$ to look at ! d>k] side ( ?+s1 to s+ ( judgm5t r ?an ( m]cy4 ,b he1 too1 f\nd com=t 9 ! he>t-sun%9e ( 8 ma/]4 8,8 words 7 l fire10 he says1 8p5etrat+ ! he>t40 8,h[ lovely1 spl5did1 glori\s he appe>$ 9 innoc5ce ( life1 9 simplicity ( spee*1 9 purity ( he>t1 9 div9e delight1 9 bro!rly love1 9 con/ant ob$i5ce1 9 lov+ h>mony1 9 angelic aspect40 ,he f\nd 9 ,francis ! mo/ p]fect realization ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal t he or 8 c5tury c\ld conceive (2 & %all we n admit ) ,george ,macdonald t a p]fect monk is a v f9e ?+ 9 8 way1 al?\gh mu* less s ?an a p]fect man8 ,_! sympa?ies z poets mu/ h drawn !m toge!r4 ,francis1 z ,joseph ,go]res well says1 0 a tr\bad\r z well z a sa9t4 ,9 8 y\? he _h won di/9ction z a s+] ( worldly songs 9 ! prov5al ,fr5*1 :i* 0 !n ! language ( lit]ature 9 ,nor!rn ,italy4 ,aft] 8 conv]sion he bur/ out s++ ! praises ( ,god 9 ?is same =eign & exotic tongue4 ,b z he became m directly int]e/$ 9 ! welf>e ( 8 fell[-m51 he began to use 8 gift ( song 9 8 native ,italian4 ,h[ _m ( ! poems t are pr9t$ "u 8 "n are really 8 own1 & h[ _m are ! "w ( 8 disciple1 ,jacopone da ,todi1 is matt] ( dispute4 ,b ev5 ,fa!r ,affo 7#aggg71 ! mo/ negative ( critics on ?is po9t1 does n d5y 8 au?or%ip ( ! wond]ful 8,song ( ! ,sun10 also call$ ! 8,song ( ! ,creatures10 9 :i* ! *ildlike delight ( ! sa9t 9 ,god's works f9ds su* *>m+ expression1 t ,mat!w ,arnold has s+l$ x out z ! utt]ance ( :at is mo/ exquisite 9 ! _s ( 8 c5tury4 ,?omas1 too1 x 0 kn[n1 _h ! poetic gift1 & inde$ 0 recogniz$ by 8 bre?r5 z ! man ( mo/ lit]>y p[] 9 ! ord]4 ,^u him !y laid ! duty ( compil+ ! f\nd]'s biography1 & ( writ+ ! 8leg5d0 ( 8 life1 :i* %\ld be read 9 ! brevi>y s]vice on ! day ( 8 commemoration4 ,yet he also 0 recogniz$ z possess+ practical gifts4 ,! ord] _h spread into ,g]many z well z 9 ! o!r directions ( :i* ,francis _h prophesi$4 ,! fir/ attempts to e/abli% x nor? ( ! ,alps1 made 9 #abaf1 7 n happy4 ,! ,italians s5t on ?is mission knew only "o ,g]man ^w1 8,ja60 8,are y h]etics80 7,s9d ,sie ,ketz]87 0 ! fir/ "q put to !m on ,teutonic soil2 & kn[+ no?+ else to say1 !y said 8,ja60 ,s !y 7 m>*$ across ! fronti] aga9 9 disgrace4 ,b bre?r5 bett] provid$ 9 ! matt] ( _! ,oll5dorff _h be5 s5t five ye>s lat]1 & n[ ,?omas ( ,celano 0 "o ( ^? :o _h be5 select$ = ! ,g]man mission1 to give /ability & unity to ! "w !re4 ,he 0 made 8cu/os0 ( ! mona/]ies at ,ma9z1 ,worms & ,koeln 7,cologne71 & ev5 took *>ge ( ! :ole prov9ce :5 its head return$ to ,assisi4 ,we f9d ,?omas himself back 9 ,assisi by #abcj1 :]e ,jordan1 ! 8cu/os0 ( ! ,?ur+ian mona/]ies1 came to see him4 ,francis _h di$ 9 #abbf1 b :e!r ,?omas 0 actual witness ( 8 la/ days1 or d]iv$ 8 k ( !m f o!rs1 8 is recogniz$ z ! au!ntic acc\nt ( ! sa9t's dep>ture4 ,8 own dea? is said to h occurr$ 9 #abee1 b :at ev5ts fill$ up ! meantime1 besides ! biographic labors we h m5tion$1 is n kn[n4 ,p]haps x 0 9 ^? ye>s t he compos$ 8 great sequ5ce1 z 8 m9d1 :5 less directly bright5$ by ! influ5ce ( 8 ma/]1 w\ld be m likely to rev]t to ^? tra9s ( ?\ght :i* correspond$ to 8 natural disposition4 ,possibly x 0 z 8 own life 0 draw+ to a close1 & ! %ad[s ( ! ,great ,day ga!r$ ne>] him1 t he p\r$ out 8 s\l 9 8 great hymn--! greate/ ( all hymns1 unless we except ! ,te ,deum4 ,besides ! ,dies ,irae1 !re are ascrib$ to ,?omas two o!r sequ5ces-- ,fregit victor virtualis & ,sanctitatis nova signa1 bo? 9 commemoration ( ,francis4 ,z ! f\nd] ( ! ,m9or ,fri>s 0 canoniz$ two ye>s aft] 8 dea? by ,gregory ,,ix41 !re 0 a dem& v e>ly = ! hymns ( ?is "*4 ,& z !re 0 no "o bett] fitt$ to write !m ?an ! poet :o _h kn[n ,francis s well1 & :om ! ,pope _h direct$ to prep>e a life ( ! sa9t1 !re is no inh]5t improbability 9 ! tradition :i* ascribes !m to him4 ,b !y d n take rank beside ! ,dies ,irae4 ,!y are poems writt5 to ord]1 n ! spontane\s outp\r+ ( ! m9d ( ! s+] 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ov]:elm+ realities ( ! spiritual univ]se4 ,!re are no less ?an n9e p]sons = :om ! honor ( ! au?or%ip ( ! ,dies ,irae has be5 claim$4 ,two ( ^! are exclud$ z hav+ liv$ too e>ly to h writt5 a poem ( its /ructure & metrical "*2 !y are ,gregory ! ,great & ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux4 ,two o!rs1 ,augu/9us ,bugell5sis 7ob4 #adij7 & ,felix ,hamm]le9 7ob4 #adeg7 are exclud$ by ! fact t ! hymn is m5tion$ 9 a "w writt5 9 #abhe4 ,?is leaves f\r rivals to ,?omas ( ,celano 9 8 own c5tury1 viz41 ,john ,bonav5tura 7ob4 #abgd71 8 bro!r ,c>d9al1 ,lat9o ,frangipani1 a ,dom9ican 7ob4 #abid71 ,humb]t1 a ,fr5* ,franciscan1 :o became ! fif? g5]al ( 8 ord] 7ob4 #abgg71 & ,mat!w ( ,acqua-,sp>ta 9 ,umbria1 a ,franciscan1 :o became ,bi%op ( ,albano & c>d9al 7ob4 #acjb74 ,b x is to be notic$ t = n "o ( ^! is !re a witness e>li] ?an ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! fir/ & la/ are nam$ z hav+ _h ! au?or%ip ascrib$ to !m by ,luke ,wadd+1 ! hi/orian ( ! ,franciscans 9 #afbe2 b he ascribes x to ,?omas ( ,celano4 ,! o!r two are nam$ by ! ,jesuit1 ,antonio ,possev9o 7#aecd-afaa7 & ! ,dom9ican1 ,le&ro ,alb]ti 7#adgi-aeeb71 ! latt]1 ( c\rse1 claim+ ! hymn = ! ,dom9ican c>d9al1 z to :om !re is n ! smalle/ evid5ce t he ev] wrote any poetry :atev]4 ,besides ?is1 ! ,dies ,irae is a ,franciscan1 n a ,dom9ican poem4 ,x deals ) ! practical & ! devotional1 n ! doctr9al elem5ts 9 religion4 ,_h a ,dom9ican writt5 x1 he w\ld h be5 anxi\s only = correct doctr9al /atem5t4 ,?omas's claim to its au?or%ip does n re/ on ! weakness ( rival pret5sions4 ,9 ! ye> #abhe1 :5 ,?omas _h be5 dead ab\t ?irty ye>s & ,dante 0 tw5ty ye>s old1 ! ,franciscan ,b>?olomew ( ,pisa wrote 8 ,lib] ,con=mitatum1 9 :i* he drew a labor$ p>allel betwe5 ! life ( ,francis ( ,assisi & t ( our ,"l4 ,hav+ occasion to speak ( ,celano 9 ?is "w1 he goes on to describe x z 8! place :5ce came ,bro!r ,?omas1 :o by ord] ( ! ,pope wrote 9 poli%$ spee* ! fir/ leg5d ( ,/4 ,francis1 & is said to h compos$ ! prose :i* is sung 9 ! ,mass = ! ,dead3 ,dies irae1 dies illa40#aa ,?is te/imony out ( ,?omas's own c5tury is confirm$ by p>allel evid5ce4 ,wadd+1 ^: big folios 9 clumsy ,lat9 give u ! tradition :i* prevail$ )9 ! ord]1 says3 8,bro!r ,?omas ( ,celano sang t once celebrat$ sequ5ce1 ,sanctitatis nova signa1 :i* n[ has gone out ( use1 ^: "w also is t solemn "o = ! dead1 ,dies irae1 dies illa1 al?\gh o!rs wi% to ascribe x to ,bro!r ,mat!w ( ,acqua-,sp>ta1 a c>d9al tak5 f among ! ,m9orites40 ,else:]e ,wadd+ says3 8,?omas ( ,celano1 ( ! prov9ce ( ,p5na1 a disciple & companion ( ,/4 ,francis1 publi%$ 444 a book ab\t ! ,life & ,miracles ( ,/4 ,francis 444 commonly call$ by ! bre?r5 ! ,old ,leg5d4 ,ano!r %ort] leg5d he _h publi%$ previ\sly :i* us$ to be read 9 ! *oir4442 ?ree sequ5ces1 or rhy?mic proses1 ( :i* ! fir/1 9 praise ( ,/4 ,francis1 beg9s1 ,fregit victor virtualis4 ,! second beg9s1 ,sanctitatis nova signa4 ,! ?ird conc]n+ ! dead1 adopt$ by ! ,*ur*1 ,dies irae1 dies illa4 ,& ?is ,b5$ict ,gonon1 ! ,coele/9e 9 #afbe r5d]$ into ,fr5* v]se & ascrib$ to ,/4 ,bonav5tura4 ,o!rs ascribe x to ,bro!r ,mat!w1 ( ,acqua-,sp>ta1 ! c>d9al2 & o!rs yet to o!r au?ors40#ab ,^! direct te/imonies are confirm$ by local tradition 9 ! prov9ce ( ,abruzzi1 9 :i* ,celano is situat$1 & ! ,franciscan orig9 ( ! hymn by its exi/5ce z an inscription on a m>ble tablet 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,francis at ,mantua1 :]e x 0 se5 by ,david ,*ytraeus1 a ,g]man ,lu!ran1 :o visit$ ,italy 9 #aefe4 ,t ! au?or 0 an ,italian is indicat$ by ! peculi> ?ree-l9e /anza1 :i* approximates to ! t]za-rima /ructure ( _! poetry1 b is n f\nd 9 poetry ( ! ,nor!rn nations1 except 9 lat] imitations4 ,! /atem5t ( ,b>?olomew ( ,pisa1 t already 9 #abhe ! ,dies ,irae 0 employ$ 9 ! s]vice = ! dead1 %[s h[ e>ly x made its way into *ur* use4 ,9 e>li] times !re 0 no sequ5ce 9 t s]vice1 = ! reason t ! 8,hallelujah10 :i* ! sequ5ce always foll[$1 be+ a song ( rejoic+1 0 n sung 9 ! fun]al s]vice4 ,?is enables u to =m an op9ion on ! controv]sy z to :e!r x 0 writt5 directly = *ur* use1 or adapt$ = t aft] be+ writt5 z a m$itation on ! ,day ( ,judgm5t = private edification4 ,x w\ld seem mo/ probable t x 0 ! wond]ful beauty & p[] ( ! hymn :i* l$ ! ,*ur* to break ?r\gh its rule z to ! sequ5ce foll[+ a ,hallelujah necess>ily4 ,! ,dies ,irae 0 n writt5 to fill a place1 b :5 writt5 x made a place = itself4 ,?is controv]sy connects itself ) ano!r z to ! g5u95ess ( c]ta9 v]ses :i* are prefix$ or add$ to ! eighte5 ( ! text 9 ! ,missal4 ,!re are1 9 fact1 ?ree texts ( ! hymn3 7#a7 ,t ( ! ,missal1 :i* is g5]ally foll[$1 & w be f\nd at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 7#b7 ,t ( ! ,mantuan m>ble tablet1 :i* prefixes f\r v]ses3 #a4 ,cogita1 anima fidelis1 ,ad quid respond]e velis ,*ri/o v5ture de coelis4 #b4 ,cum deposcit rationem ,ob boni omissionem1 ,ob mali commissionem4 #c4 ,dies illa1 dies irae1 ,quam conemur praev5ire ,obviamque ,deo ire4 #d4 ,s]ia contritione1 ,gratiae appreh5sione1 ,vitae em5datione4 ,aft] ^! come 9 ! ,mantuan text ! fir/ sixte5 v]ses ( ! ,missal text1 ) slight & unimportant v>iations1 b ! sev5te5? & eighte5? are omitt$1 & ! foll[+ conclusion sub/itut$3 #ag4 ,consors ut beatitatis ,vivam cum ju/ificatis1 ,9 aevum aet]nitatis4 ,am54 7#c7 ,! ,hamm]le9 text1 s call$ because f\nd among ! manuscripts ( ,felix ,hamm]le9 aft] 8 dea?1 :i* occurr$ ab\t #adeg4 ,?is also conta9s ! fir/ sixte5 v]ses ( ! ,missal text1 b ) f> m v>iations ?an ! ,mantuan text %[s1 al?\gh n su* z comm5d !mselves by _! m]its4 ,!n x proce$s1 alt]+ & exp&+ ! sev5te5? & eighte5? into ?ree & add+ five m3 #ag4 ,oro supplex a ru9is1 ,cor contritum quasi c9is2 ,g]e curam mei f9is4 #ah4 ,lacrymosa die illa1 ,cum resurget ex favilla ,tanquam ignis ex sc9tilla1 #ai4 ,judic&us homo reus1-- ,h9c ergo p>ce ,deus1 ,e/o semp] adjutor meus4 #bj4 ,qu&o coeli sunt mov5di1 ,dies adsunt tunc trem5di1 ,nullum tempus po5it5di4 #ba4 ,s$ salvatis laeta dies2 ,et damnatis nulla quies1 ,s$ daemonum effigies4 #bb4 ,o tu ,deus maje/atis1 ,alme c&or ,tr9itatis1 ,nunc conjunge cum beatis4 #bc4 ,vitam meam fac felicem1 ,propt] tuam g5etricem1 ,jesse florem et radicem4 #bd4 ,prae/a nobis tunc levam51 ,dulce no/rum fac c]tam51 ,ut clamemus omnes3 ,am56 ,t nei!r ( ^! additions at ! beg9n+ & end are p>ts ( ! orig9al sequ5ce1 w be evid5t to any "o :o feels ! t]s5ess & p[] ( ! orig9al4 ,!y are feeble1 lumb]+ excresc5ces1 & are fa/5$ to x 9 su* an ext]nal way z to de/roy ! unity ( ! poem1 if left z !y /&4 ,! text 9 ! ,missal gives u a new conception ( ! p[]s ( ! ,lat9 tongue4 ,its wond]ful w$d+ ( s5se to s\nd--! u assonance 9 ! second /anza1 ! o assonance 9 ! ?ird1 & ! a & i assonances 9 ! f\r?1 = in/ance--! s5se ( organ music t runs ?r\gh ! hymn1 ev5 unaccompani$1 z di/9ctly z ?r\gh ! op5+ v]ses ( ,l[ell's 8,vision ( ,sir ,launfal10 & ! transitions z cle>ly m>k$ 9 s\nd z 9 mean+ f l(ty adoration to pa!tic entreaty1 imp>t a gr&eur & dignity to ! ,dies ,irae :i* are unique 9 ?is k9d ( writ+4 ,!n ! wond]ful adaptation ( ! triple-rhyme to ! !me--l bl[ foll[+ bl[ ( hamm] ^u anvil1 z ,daniel says--impresses e read]4 ,b to all ?is ! supplem5t>y v]ses add no?+4 ,( ! use ( ! hymn 9 lit]ature ,i h spok5 already4 ,sir ,walt] ,scott introduces a vigor\s & *>act]i/ic v]sion ( a portion into 8 8,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel0 7#ahje74 ,lockh>t1 writ+ ( ! great ,wiz>d's dea?-b$1 says ( 8 unconsci\s & w&]+ utt]ances3 8,:atev] we c\ld foll[ him 9 0 "s fragm5t ( ! ,bible1 or "s petition ( ! ,litany1 or a v]se ( "s psalm 9 ! old ,scot* metrical v]sion1 or "s ( ! magnific5t hymns ( ! ,romi% ritual4 ,we v (t5 he>d di/9ctly ! cad5ce ( ! ,dies ,irae40 ,s ! ,e>l ( ,roscommon1 9 ! previ\s c5tury1 di$ repeat+ 8 own v]sion ( ! sev5te5? /anza3 8,pro/rate1 my contrite he>t ,i r5d2 ,my ,god1 my ,fa!r1 & my ,fri5d1 ,d n =sake me 9 my end60 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson nev] c\ld repeat ! t5? /anza )\t be+ mov$ to te>s--! /anza ,dean ,/anley quotes 9 8 description ( ,jacob's ,well4 ,goe! makes ,gret*5 9 8,fau/0 fa9t ) dismay & horror z %e he>s x sung 9 ! ca!dral1 & f t mom5t ( salut>y pa9 %e becomes ano!r woman4 ,me9hold 9 8 8,amb]-,wit*0 7,die ,b]n/e9hexe71 repres5ts ! v same v]ses z br++ com=t & assurance to a m /a9less h]o9e 9 ! h\r ( h] sore/ di/ress4 ,c>lyle %[s u ! ,romantici/ trag$ian ,w]n] quot+ ! eigh? /anza 9 8 /range 8la/ te/am5t10 z 8 reason = hav+ writt5 nei!r a def5ce nor an accusation ( 8 life3 8,) trembl+ ,i reflect t ,i myself %all fir/ le>n 9 its :ole t]rific compass :at ,i prop]ly 01 :5 ^! l9es %all be read by m52 t is to say1 9 a po9t ( "t :i* = me w be no "t2 9 a condition 9 :i* all exp]i5ce w = me be too late3 #8,rex trem5dae maje/atis1 ,qui salv&os salvas gratis1 ,salva me1 fons pietatis666'0 ,ju/us ,k]n]1 9 8 ,wahns9nige ,brd]1 depicts ! ov]:elm+ p[] ( ! hymn ^u m9ds h>d5$ by long cont9uance 9 s91 b sudd5ly awak5$ to reflection by its ?und]s ( ! ,day ( ,reckon+4 ,daniel well comp>es x to ! picture ( ! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 :i* 0 ! means ( conv]t+ ! ,k+ ( ! ,bulg>s to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! translations ( our hymn into mod]n languages1 especially into ,g]man & ,engli%1 h be5 numb]$ by ! hundr$4 ,p>tly no d\bt ?is is due to ! entirely ,evangelical type ( its doctr9e1 its fre$om f ,m>iolatry1 its exaltation ( div9e m]cy above human m]it1 & its picture ( ! s\l's free access to ,god )\t ! int]v5tion ( ,*ur* & prie/4 ,lisco 7#ahdj & #ahdc7 0 able to specify eighty-sev5 ,g]man v]sions4 ,mi*ael 7#ahff7 br\ght ?is numb] up to n9ety1 ( :i* sixty-two are bo? complete & exact2 & ,dr4 ,philip ,s*aff says he c increase ! li/ beyond a hundr$ )\t exhau/+ ! numb]4 ,among ! ,g]man translators are ,&reas ,gryphius 7#afej71 ,a4 ,w4 ,s*legel 7#ahjb71 ,j4 ,g4 ,fi*te 7#ahac71 ,a4 ,l4 ,foll5 7#ahai71 ,j4 ,f4 von ,mey] 7#ahbd71 ,claus ,h>ms 7#ahbh71 ,j4 ,emmanuel ,vei? 7#ahbi71 ,c4 ,j4 ,c4 ,buns5 7#ahcc71 ,h4 ,a4 ,daniel 7#ahci71 ,f4 ,g4 ,lisco 7#ahdj71 besides p>tial v]sions by ,j4 ,g4 von ,h]d] 7#ahjb7 & ,j4 ,h4 von ,wess5b]g 7#ahbj74 ,! translations into ,engli% beg9 ) "o by ,jo%ua ,sylve/] 9 #afba1 t ( ,ri*>d ,cra%aw 9 #afdf com+ second4 ,!re are f\r ( t c5tury & two ( ! next1 ! mo/ notable be+ ! ,e>l ( ,roscommon's 9 #agag4 ,9 ! fir/ ?irty ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury !re are b f\r1 ! notable be+ ! p>tial v]sion by ,sir ,walt] ,scott 9 #ahje1 & ,macaulay's 9 #ahbf4 ,s9ce ,isaac ,williams publi%$ 8 9 #ahca1 !re has be5 a /eady succession ( v]sions1 br++ ! numb] = ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 9 ?is c5tury up to fifty-"o4 ,( ^! ! mo/ notewor?y are by ,john ,*&l] 7#ahcg71 ,h5ry ,al=d 7#ahdd71 ,ri*>d ,c4 ,tr5* 7#ahdd71 ,william ,j4 ,irons 7#ahdh71 ,edw>d ,caswall 7#ahdi71 ,fr$]ick ,g4 ,lee 7#ahea71 ,john ,mason ,neale 7#ahea71 ,william ,bright 7#aheh71 ,elizabe? ,r4 ,*>les 7#aheh71 ,h]b]t ,kyna/on 7#ahfb71 ,ri*>d ,h4 ,hutton 7#ahfh71 ,dean ,/anley 7#ahfh71 ,william ,c4 ,dix 7#ahga71 & ,hamilton ,mc,gill 7#ahgf74 ,9 po9t ( numb]s at lea/ ,am]ica surpasses ,engl& & approa*es ,g]many4 ,s9ce #ahda1 :5 two anonym\s v]sions appe>$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 !re h be5 at lea/ n9ety-six complete v]sions by ,am]ican translators1 br++ ! total ( enum]at$ v]sions 9 ! language up to "o hundr$ & fifty-f\r4 ,( ,am]ican translators may be nam$ ,william ,r4 ,williams 7#ahdc71 ,h4 ,h4 ,br[nell 7#ahdg71 ,abraham ,coles 7#ahdg & lat]71 ,william ,g4 ,dix 7#aheb71 ,s4 ,dryd5 ,phelps 7#ahee71 ,john ,a4 ,dix 7#ahfc & #ahge71 ,m>%all ,h4 ,bright 7#ahff71 ,edw>d ,slosson 7#ahff71 ,e4 ,c4 ,b5$ict 7#ahfg71 ,m>g>et ,j4 ,pre/on 7#ahfh71 ,philip ,s*aff 7#ahfh71 ,samuel ,w4 ,duffield 7#ahgj & lat]71 ,john ,anketell 7#ahgc71 ,*>les ,w4 ,elliot 7#ahha71 ,h5ry ,c4 ,lea 7#ahhb71 ,m4 ,w4 ,/ryk] 7#ahhc71 ,h4 ,l4 ,ha/+s 7#ahhf71 & ,w4 ,s4 ,mc,kenzie 7#ahhg74 ,?is c]ta9ly1 bo? by ! l5g? ( ! li/ & ! weight ( _m ( ! names1 con/itutes a tribute to ! p[] ( ! ,dies ,irae su* z nev] has be5 (f]$ to any o!r hymn6 ,only ,lu!r's ,e9' fe/e ,burg1 ( :i* !re are eighty-"o v]sions 9 ,engli% alone1 c comp>e ) x4#ac ,( ^! ,engli% v]sions1 ^? by ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,irons & ,dean ,/anley 9 ,engl&1 & ^? ( ,g5]al ,john ,a4 ,dix & ,mr4 ,edw>d ,slosson 9 ,am]ica1 h enjoy$ ! mo/ popul>ity4 ,!y c]ta9ly are excell5t1 b e translator seems some:]e to fail ( complete success4 ,nor d ^? :o h return$ aga9 & aga9 to ! attempt seem to accompli% _! own ideal ( a p]fect translation4 ,dr4 ,abraham ,coles1 :o has made "s sixte5 or sev5te5 r5d]+s1 is no bett] (f ?an :5 he began4 ,nor d ,i ?9k my own six? v]sion has c>ri$ me "o in* beyond my fir/4 ,! tru? is t n ev5 ! ,pange l+ua gloriosi1 :i* ,dr4 ,neale calls ! mo/ difficult ( poems1 is 9 ?is respect ! equal ( ?is allur+ & baffl+ hymn4 ,b ! read]1 :o has _h no access to ! hymn except ?r\gh ! poore/ v]sion1 has ! means to disc]n ! fact t 9 x a great m9d utt]s itself wor?ily on "o ( ! greate/ ( !mes4 ,x happ5$ to me once to ent] a cr[d$ *ur*1 :]e pres5tly a di/+ui%$ ,g]man div9e arose to speak4 ,o!rs _h address$ ! audi5ce 9 ,engli%2 b he1 turn+ to 8 fell[-c\ntrym51 began to p\r =? a trumpet-/ra9 ( l(ty eloqu5ce 9 8 native tongue4 ,he spoke ( ! 8bett] valley10 ( a happy & peaceful l&4 ,he seem$ to see its broad & g5tle riv] & to he> ! *im+ ( its ,sabba? bells4 ,he peopl$ ! air ) its lovely citiz5s & creat$ ab\t u ! pres5ce ( its glori\s joy4 ,fa9tly & brok5ly1 z n[ & !n he utt]$ "s famili> words1 ,i c\ld cat* glimpses ( t bess]es ,?al1 & its brightness & beauty1 & ! awe ( its holy calmness came ^u me--^u me1 ! /rang] & ! =eign]1 9 ^: spee* no ^w 0 said4 ,b !y :o 7 ( ! lip & l9eage ( ! l&1 !y ^: c\ntry 0 br\ght s ne> & ^: hopes 7 rais$ on su* /rong & famili> w+s--!y truly 7 mov$ to ! s\l4 ,i saw te>s 9 _! eyes2 ,i he>d _! suppress$ & labor+ brea?2 ,i beheld _! eag] faces2 & ! glory ( t l& fell on !m ev5 z ,i gaz$4 ,s1 ?\gh we _c "h p]ceive ! fulness ( ! ,franciscan's hymn1 yet d we disc]n ! /ately spl5dor ( ,messiah's ?rone1 & 8,cat* betimes1 ) wakeful eyes & cle> ,"s radiant vi/a ( ! realm be=e u40 ,?is alone c ju/ify ano!r attempt--! resultant ( f\r previ\s v]sions--to express some?+ ( ! gr&eur ( ?is maje/ic hymn3 #a4 ,dies irae1 dies illa ,solvet saeclum 9 favilla1 ,te/e ,david cum ,sybilla4 #b4 ,quantus tremor e/ futurus1 ,qu&o judex e/ v5turus1 ,cuncta /ricte discussurus6 #c4 ,tuba mirum sp>get sonum ,p] sepulcra regionum1 ,coget omnes ante ?ronum4 #d4 ,mors /upebit et natura1 ,quum resurget creatura1 ,judicanti responsura4 #e4 ,lib] scriptus pr(]etur1 ,9 quo totum cont9etur1 ,unde mundus judicetur4 #f4 ,judex ergo cum s$ebit1 ,quidquid latet1 app>ebit1 ,nil inultum remanebit4 #g4 ,quid sum mis] tunc dicturus1 ,que1 patronum rogaturus1 ,dum vix ju/us sit securus8 #h4 ,rex trem5dae maje/atis1 ,qui salv&os salvas gratis1 ,salva me1 fons pietatis6 #i4 ,record>e1 ,jesu pie1 ,quod sum causa tuae viae2 ,ne me p]das ill die6 #aj4 ,qua]5s me s$i/i lassus1 ,r$emi/i cruce passus3 ,tantus labor non sit cassus6 #aa4 ,ju/e judex ultionis1 ,donum fac remissionis ,ante diem rationis6 #ab4 ,+emisco tanquam reus1 ,culpa rubet vultus meus3 ,supplicanti p>ce1 ,deus6 #ac4 ,qui ,m>iam absolvi/i1 ,et latronem exaudi/i1 ,mihi quoque spem d$i/i #ad4 ,preces meae non sunt dignae4 ,s$ tu bonus fac b5igne1 ,ne p]5ni crem] igne4 #ae4 ,int] oves locum prae/a1 ,et ab ha$is me seque/ra1 ,/atu5s 9 p>te dextr4 #af4 ,confutatis mal$ictis1 ,flammis acribus addictis1 ,voca me cum b5$ictis4 #ag4 ,oro supplex et accl9is1 ,cor contritum quasi c9is1 ,g]e curam mei f9is4 #ah4 ,la*rymosa dies illa1 ,qua resurget ex favilla ,judic&us homo reus2 ,huic ergo p>ce1 ,deus6 #a4 ,day ( wra?1 ?y fi]y morn+ ,e>? consumes1 no long] scorn+ ,david's & ! ,sibyl's w>n+4 #b4 ,!n :at t]ror ( ea* nation ,:5 ! ,judge %all take 8 /ation ,/rictly try+ 8 creation6 #c4 ,:5 t trumpet tone amaz+1 ,?r\gh ! tombs its message phras+1 ,all be=e ! ?rone is rais+4 #d4 ,dea? & ,nature he surprises ,:o1 a creature1 yet arises ,unto ^? mo/ dread assizes4 #e4 ,!re a writt5 book rema9e? ,^: sure regi/ry conta9e? ,t :i* all ! _w arraigne?4 #f4 ,!re=e :5 ! ,judge is seat$ ,ea* deceit %all be defeat$1 ,v5geance due %all !n be met$4 #g4 ,) :at answ] %all ,i meet him1 ,by :at advocate entreat him1 ,:5 ! j may sc>cely greet him8 #h4 ,k+ ( maje/y appall+1 ,:o do/ save ! elect f fall+1 ,save me6 on ?y pity call+4 #i4 ,be ?\ m9dful1 ,"l mo/ l[ly1 ,t = me ?\ di$/ solely2 ,leave me n to p]i% :olly6 #aj4 ,seek+ me ?y love outwore !e1 ,& ! cross1 my ransom1 bore !e2 ,let n ?is seem light be=e !e6 #aa4 ,righte\s ,judge ( my condition1 ,grant me1 = my s9s1 remission ,ere ! day :i* ends contrition4 #ab4 ,9 my guilt = pity ye>n+1 ,) my %ame my face is burn+-- ,sp>e me1 ,"l1 to !e return+6 #ac4 ,m>y's s9 ?\ ha/ remitt$ ,& ! dy+ ?ief acquitt$2 ,to my he>t ?is hope is fitt$4 #ad4 ,poorly are my pray]s asc5d+ ,b d ?\1 9 m]cy b5d+1 ,leave me n to flames un5d+6 #ae4 ,give me ) ?y %eep a /ation ,f> f goats 9 sep>ation-- ,on ! "r my habitation4 #af4 ,:5 ! wick$ meet conviction ,doom$ to fires ( %>p affliction1 ,call me =? ) b5$iction4 #ag4 ,prone & suppliant ,i sorr[1 ,a%es = my he>t ,i borr[2 ,gu>d me on t awful morr[6 #ah4 ,o1 t day s full ( weep+ ,:51 9 du/ no long] sleep+1 ,man mu/ face 8 wor/ behavior6 ,!re=e sp>e me1 ,god & ,savi\r6 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,?omas ,,aqu9as ,,& ,,john ,,bonav5tura4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,italy1 ab\t midway betwe5 ,rome & ,naples1 ! road :i* connects ^! two cities passes ne> ! site ( ! anci5t city ( ,aqu9um4 ,x 0 a /ronghold ( ! ,volscians1 al?\gh n m5tion$ 9 ! acc\nt ( _! w>s ) ! ,romans4 ,z a ,roman municipality x rose to great] importance ?an ! o!r cities ( ! di/rict1 & became ! bir?place ( ! satiri/ ,juv5al & o!r em95t m54 ,b 9 ! sev5? c5tury x 0 de/roy$ by ! ,lomb>ds1 & ! site nev] re-occupi$4 ,:at 7 left ( its inhabitants f\nd ano!r site1 m capable ( def5ce 9 ^? wild days1 & built ,aqu9o on a m\nta9 slope4 ,x runs along ! cliff 9 a s+le /reet1 l our own ,mau* ,*unk1 & ! rema9s ( its olde/ build+s %[ t its m$iaeval ar*itects drew freely ^u /ill e>li] /ructures = _! mat]ials4 ,9 "o ( ^! old /ructures1 /ill kn[n z ! ,casa ,reale or royal h\se1 liv$ ! noble family :o 7 ! lords ( ,aqu9o4 ,"h ,?omas ,aqu9as 0 born 9 ! ye> #abbe1 be+ "o ( ! five *ildr5 ( ,c\nt ,l&ulf ( ,aqu9o1 & 8 wife1 ,!odora ,c>accioli1 ,c\ntess ( ,teano4 ,! family 0 n a royal h\se1 b x 0 connect$ by int]m>riage ) ! royal ca/e ( ,europe4 ,x is said1 b ,i h n be5 able to v]ify ! /atem5t1 t ,?omas's gr&fa!r _h m>ri$ a si/] ( ! ,emp]or ,b>b>ossa4 ,8 "m 0 desc5d$ f ! ,tancr$ ( ,hauteville1 ^: sons1 ,rog] & ,rob]t ,guisc>d1 effect$ ! ,norman conque/ ( ! two ,sicilies4 ,sibylla1 ,que5 ( ! ,tancr$ :o end$ ! fir/ l9e ( ,norman sov]eigns1 is said to h be5 a daught] ( ! family4 ,b ! real importance ( ! lords ( ,aqu9o 0 due to _! /rategic position on ! nor!rn fronti] ( ,apulia & to _! milit>y _s4 ,ri*>d ( ,aqu9o1 ! gr&fa!r ( ,?omas1 0 ! ma9/ay ( ,tancr$'s cause on ! ma9l& ( ,italy1 & m]it$1 by 8 trea*]y & b>b>ity1 ! cruel dea? ! ,emp]or ,h5ry ,,vi4 inflict$ on him aft] ! f9al conque/ ( ! two ,sicilies4 ,8 fa!r1 ,l&ulf1 seems to h be5 a man ( less w>like "*2 b 8 uncle1 ,?omas ( ,aqu9as1 :o succe$$ ,ri*>d 9 ! c\nt%ip ( ,ac]ra1 0 ! able/ ( ! ,ghibell9e *iefs ( ,s\!rn ,italy1 & "o ( ,fr$]ic ! ,second's mo/ tru/$ capta9s4 ,t emp]or enl>g$ ! dom9ions ( ! family1 & gave ample scope to _! fight+ prop5sities 9 8 w>s ) ! popes4 ,& ,?omas's two bro!rs1 :o 7 old] ?an himself1 embrac$ ! opportunity ( a milit>y life4 ,8 si/]s =m$ illu/ri\s alliances ) ! noble families ( ,s\!rn ,italy4 ,pope ,honorius ,,iii4 is said to h be5 8 godfa!r4 ,?omas's y\? seems to h be5 unev5tful1 ) ! exception ( ! calamity by :i* he lo/ a y\ng] si/]1 :o 0 kill$ by lightn+ :ile sleep+ by 8 side4 ,9 8 fif? ye> 8 education began4 ,less ?an five miles away1 z ! bird flies1 lay ! ,monte ,cas9o1 ! greate/ & fir/ ( ! mona/]ies ( ! ,b5$ict9e ord]4 ,"h x 0 t ,b5$ict ( ,nursia 9 #ebi laid ! f\ndation ( ! fir/ great ord] ( ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom4 ,& al?\gh ,monte ,cas9o _h %>$ 9 ! calamity ( ,aqu9o at ! h&s ( ! ,lomb>ds1 & _h la9 desolate = a hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 x _h be5 rebuilt ) new spl5dor1 & 0 at ?is "t ! gr&e/ ecclesia/ical e/abli%m5t outside ! city ( ,rome4 ,& "h1 9 #abbg1 ,l&ulf ,s9ibald1 himself ( ! ,aqu9o family1 _h become abbot1 ?us atta9+ "o ( ! highe/ dignities op5 to a ,*ur*man4 ,to 8 c>e ! "y ,?omas 0 intru/$1 & on ,monte ,cas9o he sp5t ! next sev5 ye>s ( 8 life1 und]go+ ! discipl9e & receiv+ ! in/ruction = :i* ! s*ools ( ! ,b5$ict9e fa!rs _h always be5 fam\s4 ,probably x 0 ! hope ( ! family ( ,aqu9o t ! "y man w\ld ent] ! ord] & rise to ! same dignity z 8 uncle1 becom+ a pr9ce ( ! ,*ur*1 & ?us m p[]ful & weal?y ?an any ( 8 uncles or bro!rs4 ,9 #abci ! second outbreak ( ho/ilities betwe5 ! ,pope & ! ,emp]or l$ to ! conv]sion ( ,monte ,cas9o into a great =tress1 9 :i* 7 left b eight monks to c>ry on ! r\t9e ( mona/ic s]vices4 ,! re/ f\nd a home 9 o!r ,b5$ict9e h\ses1 ! s*ools 7 susp5d$1 & ,?omas return$ home4 ,b ! same ye> he seems to h proce$$ to ,naples to /udy 9 ! univ]sity :i* ,fr$]ic _h e/abli%$ 9 #abbd1 & amply end[$ ) weal? & privileges1 & _h reviv$ 9 #abcd1 aft] its susp5sion dur+ 8 fir/ w> ) ! papacy4 ,he _h =bidd5 8 ,italian subjects to leave ! k+dom to att5d =eign univ]sities1 & he _h us$ e available means to make !m cont5t$ ) t ( ,naples1 "o ( ^! be+ ! employm5t ( ! able/ tea*]s he c\ld secure 9 all ! sci5ces !n recogniz$ z belong+ to ! high] education4 ,we are told t ,?omas pursu$ 8 /udies two ye>s 9 ,naples1 :5 ! influ5ce ( 8 ,dom9ican tea*]s l$ him to =m ! purpose to become a ,dom9ican fri>1#ad & to put on ! g>b ( a novice4 ,?is /ep 0 a mo/ mom5t\s "o4 ,:e!r 8 family look$ =w>d to 8 becom+ a ,b5$ict9e monk & abbot1 or contemplat$ 8 embrac+ ! (f]s ( promotion 9 ! civil s]vice ( ! k+dom1 :i* ,fr$]ic ,,ii4 _h held out to ! graduates ( 8 pet univ]sity1 !y c\ld n b reg>d 8 adoption ( ! life ( a m5dicant fri> ) indignation & disgu/4 ,to be a ,b5$ict9e ,pat] 0 to be a g5tleman & a s*ol>1 to h a %>e 9 ! influ5ce1 weal?1 & p[] ( ! ord]1 & possibly to rise to ! dignity ( ! ,dux et ,pr9ceps omnium ,abbatum et ,religiosorum1 ! ,abbot ( ,monte ,cas9o4 ,b ! ,m5dicant ord]s 7 affairs ( ye/]day1 ) all ! rawness if also ! effusive en?usiasm ( y\?4 ,francis ( ,assisi di$ )9 a ye> ( ,?omas's bir?2 ,dom9ic1 five ye>s e>li]4 ,& ! m5dicant mode ( life 0 mo/ (f5sive to ! pr\d ,italian nobles1 :o mu/ h recoil$ f ! idea t "o ( _! race %\ld c>ry ! begg>'s wallet 9 8 turn1 & live always ^u alms4 ,9 ?is respect ! requirem5ts ( ! ord]s 7 f> /rict] & m humiliat+ ?an 9 lat] times1 :5 ! practice1 if n ! rule1 0 relax$4 ,^? :o 7 unaffect$ by _! en?usiasm ?\ght ( ! ,m5dicants z ! av]age man ?9ks ( ! ,salvation ,army1 or ?\ght ( ! ,me?odi/s at ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,no notice 0 s5t to ,aqu9o ( ! /ep ,?omas _h tak54 ,! monks always _h _! %>e ( ! wisdom ( ! s]p5t1 & !y 7 to %[ x 9 ?is case4 ,b "s ( ! vassals ( ! family _h recogniz$ ! "y novice "u 8 ,dom9ican g>b on ! /reets ( ,naples or 9 ! *ur*2 & ?r\gh !m ! news rea*$ 8 family4 ,l&ulf seems to h be5 dead2 ,i c f9d no m5tion ( him lat] ?an #abbi4 ,b ! ,c\ntess ,!odora ha/5$1 ) all a man's en]gy1 to rescue h] son f ! c>e] ( a m5dicant4 ,! fri>s le>n$ ( h] com+ & hurri$ _! novice (f to ,rome1 & to ,rome 8 "m pursu$ him4 ,to avoid h] he 0 s5t =w>d to ,france1 b he _h to pass ! l9es ( ! imp]ial army !n engag$ 9 ! w> ) ! ,lomb>ds4 ,! influ5ce ( ! p[]ful ,ghibell9e family r\s$ ! vigilance ( ! imp]ial au?orities4 ,at ,acquap5d5te1 on ! fronti]s ( ,tuscany1 ,?omas & ! fri>s :o escort$ him 7 arre/$1 & ! "y noble 0 s5t back to 8 family at ,aqu9o4 ,e means1 f\l z well z fair1 seems to h be5 us$ to break him f 8 purpose to jo9 ! ,dom9icans1 :ile he rema9$ a prison] at ,aqu9o1 or 9 "s ( ! m\nta9 ca/les ( ! family4 ,b ,?omas 0 assur$ ( 8 vocation1 & he _h a fund ( ob/9acy 9 8 "* :i* %[$ to good purpose4 ,x is said t ! ,pope int]f]$ 9 8 behalf1 b ?is is h>dly probable1 z ! ,pope 0 wag+ w> at ! "t on ! ,emp]or & 8 vassals1 ! ,lords ( ,aqu9o4 ,at la/ ! c\ntess & h] *ildr5 ab&on$ ! attempt to influ5ce him1 & at lea/ conniv$ at 8 escape to ,naples1 :]e he took ! v[s ( ob$i5ce1 celibacy1 & pov]ty1 :i* seal$ 8 connection ) ! ,dom9ican ord]1 9 #abdc4 ,we h look$ at ?is /ep ?r\gh ! eyes ( 8 family1 & se5 its (f5siv5ess4 ,b if we reg>d x m imp>tially1 we are impress$ ) its wisdom4 ,x 0 among ! ,dom9icans1 n ! ,b5$ict9es1 t ,?omas c\ld s]ve 8 day & g5]ation ! be/4 ,! ,b5$ict9es1 9 ! new age :i* ! era ( ! ,crusades op5$ to ,europe1 _h fall5 beh9d ! times4 ,x 0 because ( ?is t t c5tury saw ! rise ( ! two great ord]s f\nd$ by ,dom9ic & by ,francis1 & _! rapid gr[?1 until 8a h&ful ( corn on ! top ( ! m\nta9s0 %ook l ! =e/s :i* clo! ,lebanon4 ,! ,dom9ican ord] 0 /ill 9 ! blossom ( y\?2 ! ,b5$ict9e _h r 8gone to se$40 ,?omas felt ! diff]5ce :5 he met ! ,dom9icans z pr(essors ( !ology 9 ! ,/udium at ,naples4 ,s*ol>%ip r ?an ?\ght _h be5 ! /rong po9t ) ! ,b5$ict9es4 ,!y w\ld be apt to meet ! que/ions :i* well$ up 9 ! m9d ( ! eag] y\? by an inapposite quotation f "s ,*ur* fa!r1 or to repress !m altoge!r1 z t5d+ to vanity4 ,:at1 inde$1 c\ld ,abbot ,l&ulf & 8 bre?r5 on ! hill-top d ) a deep-ey$ boy1 :o w5t f "o to ano!r ) ! "q1 8,:at is ,god80 ,b at ,naples1 & 9 contact ) ! m lively intellectual life ( 8 age1 8 acute & al]t intellect f\nd a satisfaction & an enc\ragem5t :i* ! ,b5$ict9es c\ld n give him4 ,he 0 enc\rag$ to ask que/ions in/ead ( be+ snubb$4 ,!re 7 op5$ to him vi/as ( rese>* & speculation1 :i* c\ld n b attract a hungry & active m9d l 84 ,! ,dom9icans 7 ! ord] :i* _h und]tak5 to face & answ] ! que/ions ( ! age1 & 9 ,?omas ^! que/ions 7 crav+ a solution4 ,:at wond] if he fell 9 love ) ! prea*]s1 & !y ) him6 ,!y discov]$ :at capacity lay 9 ! "y noble1 & knew t !y _h bett] use = him ?an 8 hum-drum uncle on ! hills & among ! hawks4 ,& any scruples z to 8 admission to ! novitiate )\t ! cons5t or aga9/ ! w ( 8 family 7 set aside by ! belief t 8 8vocation0 0 directly f ,god1 & !re=e set aside all m]ely human au?ority4 ,hav+ secur$ _! prize1 ! ,dom9icans %[$ t !y knew h[ to use x4 ,! ord] 01 on "o side ( x1 a great educational in/itution to select & tra9 "y m5 to fight ! intellectual battles ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! "y ,dom9ican at once put on ! yoke ( ! 8c\rse ( /udy0 7,ordo ,/udiorum71 :i* _h be5 prescrib$ by ! ,g5]al ,*apt]1 & proce$$ z f> t[>d ! highe/ dignities & responsibilities ( le>n+ z 8 abilities 7 ?\ght to w>rant4 ,! decision on ?is po9t re/$ ) ! ,g5]al ( ! ,ord]1 :o at ?is "t 0 ,john ( ,g]many1 ! f\r? 9 ! succession begun by ,dom9ic4 ,he select$ = ,?omas z 8 be/ tea*]1 ,alb]t ( ,boll/adt1 bett] kn[n z ,alb]t ! ,great 7,magnus71 :o 0 tea*+ 9 ! mona/ic s*ool at ,koeln 7,cologne71 & :o _h ! reputation ( hav+ absorb$ all t ,ari/otle knew1 & work$ up 8 tea*+ into a h>mony ( ,*ri/ian !ology ) ,greek philosophy4 ,accord+ to 8 biograph]s g5]ally1 ,?omas 0 s5t at once to ,koeln 9 #abde1 & accompani$ ,alb]t :5 he proce$$ to ,p>is 9 t same ye> to take 8 degree z ,doctor ( ,!ology1 return+ ) him 9 #abdh4 ,dr4 ,he9ri* ,d5ifle1 h[ev]1 assigns #abdh z ! ye> :5 ,?omas came to ,koeln f ,italy1 & limits _! int]c\rse z ma/] & s*ol> to ! two ye>s requir$ by ! rules ( ! ord]4 ,:e!r _! relations z su* ext5d$ ov] five ye>s or 7 limit$ to two1 !y 7 en\gh = ! =mation ( a life-long fri5d%ip bas$ on mutual respect & admiration4 ,/rangely en\gh ! "y ,italian f ! g>rul\s ,s\? 0 not$ m = sil5ce ?an = spee* among ! /ud5ts at ,koeln4 ,he _h f\nd a tea*] :om he ?\ght wor? he>+ 9 sil5ce1 & he he>d to bett] purpose ?an 8 associates4 ,bos mutus1 a dumb ox1 !y call$ him4 ,alb]t =etold t 8! s\nd ( 8 bell[+ 9 doctr9e w\ld yet g ?r\gh ! :ole _w40 ,9 #abej1 ! ye> :5 ,fr$]ic ,,ii4 di$1 ,?omas proce$$ to ,p>is by direction ( ! ,g5]al ( ! ,ord]4 ,9 t "m univ]sity ( ,*ri/5dom ! ,dom9icans 7 all[$ by _! rule to receive ! doctorate--9 t & no o!r4 ,= "o ye> ! c&idate mu/ he> & dispute 9 ! ,dom9ican s*ool on ,/4 ,jacques ,/reet2 = ano!r he mu/ tea*1 b )\t asc5d+ ! ca!dra1 f :i* au?oritative decisions 7 expect$4 ,b 9 ,?omas's case ^! two ye>s ( 8 ,p>isian appr5tice%ip 7 prolong$ to sev54 ,! univ]sity qu>rell$ ) ! repres5tatives ( ! ,m5dicant ord]s j z ,?omas 0 ab\t to take 8 degree1 & 9 ! five ye>s' /ruggle :i* ensu$ all ord9>y relations & proc$ures 7 susp5d$4 ,= "s "t1 inde$1 ! univ]sity itself 0 dissolv$1 to evade ! bull ( excommunication :i* ! ,pope aim$ at x 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,m5dicants4 ,9 #afef ,william ( ,/4 ,am\r s5t ! ,pope 8 treatise ,conc]n+ ! ,dang]s ( ^! ,la/ ,times 7,de ,p]iculis ,novissimorum ,temporum71 9 :i* he plead$ ! cause ( ! univ]sity aga9/ ! ,m5dicants1 & told "s home-tru?s ab\t ! gre$9ess1 ! lawlessness1 & ! encroa*m5ts ( ! fri>s1 b 9 an angry & excit$ tone1 :i* h>m$ 8 cause4 ,bo? ! assail$ ord]s put =w>d _! able/ m5 to make answ]4 ,= ! ,franciscans spoke ,john ,fidanza1 bett] kn[n z ,john ,bonav5tura1 :o _h come to ,p>is 9 ! heat ( ! conflict1 & _h be5 delay$1 z ,?omas 01 9 obta9+ 8 degree4 ,john 0 old] ?an ,?omas by sev]al ye>s1 hav+ be5 born 9 #abba4 ,he _h be5 recov]$ f an app>5tly mortal illness ?r\gh ! pray]s ( ,francis ( ,assisi 9 8 ?ird ye>1 & !n receiv$ ! "n ,bonav5tura f ! good man's own lips4 ,he ent]$ ! ord] 9 8 tw5ty-second ye>1 & /udi$ 9 ,p>is "u ,alex&] ( ,hales & ,john ( ,ro*elle4 ,! dev\t humility ( ! man1 & 8 purity ( "*1 produc$ z deep an impression ^u 8 tea*]s z ,?omas _h produc$ ^u 8 by ! =ce & ke5ness ( 8 intellect4 ,alex&] us$ to say t 89 ,bro!r ,bonav5tura ,adam seems n to h s9n$40 ,john 0 probably ! mo/ p]fect exempl> ( ! _s ( ,francis ( ,assisi t 0 to be se5 9 ! second g5]ation ( ! ord]4 ,n by intellectual =ce1 b by humble m9i/ry to ! commone/ human ne$s1 by ! infection ( an all-embrac+ love & ! close imitation ( our ,"l's humanity1 he w\ld save ! _w f its w&]+s4 ,?omas & he 7 ! be/ possible repres5tatives ( _! respective ord]s1 & x speaks well = bo? m5 t _! diff]5ces only b\nd !m m intimately 9 fri5d%ip4 ,ea* rev]5c$ :at 0 /ronge/ 9 ! o!r4 ,:5 ,?omas ask$ to see ! books by ^: help ,john _h acquir$ 8 ,*ri/ian erudition1 ! ,franciscan po9t$ him to a crucifix1 & said t f t he _h le>n$ all t he ev] knew4 ,_! answ]s to ,william ( ,/4 ,am\r reflect ! "* ( ! m54 ,bonav5tura def5d$ ! m5dicant =m ( ! mona/ic life z an ideal2 b )\t admitt+ ! tru? ( ! d>k picture ,william _h drawn1 he conc$$ t s]i\s abuses _h crept 91 & t already !re 0 ne$ ( a re=mation unless matt]s 7 to be let gr[ worse4 ,?omas makes no concessions :atev]4 ,he entitles 8 book ,aga9/ ^? :o ,assail ! ,wor%ip ( ,god & ! ,mona/ic ,life 7,contra ,impugnantes ,dei ,cultum et ,religionem74 ,william & all :o hold ) him are ! enemies ( ,god & ( ,8 ,*ur*4 ,! critics ( ! ,m5dicant rule are /&+ 9 ! way ( ! =ces :i* are s5t ( ,god to w9 ! _w to ,*ri/4 ,! monk1 & especially ! m5dicant fri>1 is ! only ?or\gh ,*ri/ian :o keeps to ! 8c\nsels ( p]fection0 our ,"l gave ,8 disciples1 z well z to ! precepts ( ob$i5ce obligatory ^u all4 ,william utt]$ false & damnable doctr9e :5 he tri$ to limit !m to a purely ascetic life4 ,!y h ! "r to tea* z well z to pray & m\rn1 & ! ,pope has p[] to op5 to !m ! doors ( e secul> college by 8 m&ate4 ,! controv]sy 0 br\ght to an end 9 #abeg1 :5 ,pope ,alex&] ,,iv4 at ,anagni =mally condemn$ ! book ( ,william ( ,/4 ,am\r1 & b\nd ! pl5ipot5ti>ies ( ! univ]sity by an oa? to admit ! ,m5dicants to _! =m] foot+ 9 ! univ]sity4 ,& to signalize ! victory ( ! fri>s1 ,?omas & ,bonav5tura 7 admitt$ to ! doctorate on ! same day1 ,octob] #bc;d1 #abeg4 ,f ! ma/]s ! head ( ! s*ool 9 ,/4 ,jacques ,/reet 0 *os5 by ! ,g5]al ( ! ,ord]1 & naturally ! *oice fell on ,?omas4 ,usually ! place 0 held = a ye> only1 & its occupant !n transf]r$ to "s o!r field ( labor4 ,?omas held x = f\r ye>s1 lectur+1 prea*+ at lea/ e ,l5t 9 ! adjac5t *ur*1 & ex]cis+ ! discipl9e ( ! ord] ov] its /ud5ts4 ,! numb] :o he>d 8 lectures mu/ h be5 great4 ,! s*ool at ,p>is1 unlike t at ,koeln1 be+ a bran* ( ! univ]sity1 its lectures 7 op5 to all com]s1 & ! r5[n ( ! ,italian :o _h be5 m ?an a mat* = ! able/ ( ! secul> doctors w\ld draw he>]s4 ,& ^? :o came once1 if !y _h any love = ! play ( pure intellig5ce & ! fe>less h&l+ ( great que/ions1 w\ld come aga94 ,?omas1 ) all 8 or?odoxy1 0 a pretty ?or\gh rationali/4 ,he _h full fai? 9 ! capacity ( ! human und]/&+ to deal fruitfully & safely ) ! deepe/ my/]ies4 ,if 8 conclusions always are ) ! ,*ur*1 x is n because he has %runk f att5d+ to1 & ev5 sugge/+1 :at might be said aga9/ ! doctr9e "u consid]ation4 ,x is because he has satisfi$ himself t ! balance ( logical argum5t1 aft] all objections h be5 weigh$1 is on ! side ( or?odoxy4 ,9 ?is respect 8 writ+s repres5t ! highe/ po9t rea*$ by ! rationali/ic t5d5cy 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 j z ,abel>d repres5ts its initiation4 ,we f9d ,duns ,scotus1 8 great ,franciscan rival1 %r9k+ f 8 rationalism1 & remov+ "s ( ! my/]ies ( !ology out ( ! field ( logical discussion4 ,( c\rse1 8 mo/ devot$ he>]s 7 ! "y m5 ( ! ord]4 ,( ^! "s n9ety 7 s5t up e ye> f ! s*ools 9 ! prov9ces outside ,france2 & 9 addition to ^! pick$ m51 :o came = ! ma/]'s degree1 ,p>is _h ! tra9+ ( all ! /ud5ts ( ,nor!rn ,france4 ,"s ( ! =m] 7 f ,spa91 :]e ! ord] 0 engag$ 9 combatt+ ! ,mohamm$an doctors4 ,_! ne$s drew ,?omas's att5tion to ! subject ( 8 fir/ sy/ematic "w1 ! ,summa contra ,g5tiles4 ,?omas puts himself ^u ! level ( "o :o has no ,*ri/ian convictions1 b argues simply f pr9ciples ( philosophic tru? & ( natural religion accept$ by bo? p>ties4 ,besides ^! & o!r lit]>y labors he att5d$ ! annual ,g5]al ,*apt]s ( 8 ord] at ,val5ci5nes 9 #abei1 :]e he & ,albre*t drew up ! new ord] ( /udies = ! "y ,dom9icans4 ,9 #abfa ,mi*ael ,palaeologus1 ! ,greek ,emp]or ( ,nicea1 conqu]$ ,con/ant9ople1 & ?us put an end to ! ,lat9 ,empire e/abli%$ by ! ,f\r? ,crusade4 ,b ! wily ,greek fe>$ a g5]al movem5t 9 ,lat9 ,*ri/5dom to recov] ! city f him1 & to ga9 "t by diplomacy he op5$ negotiations = ! reconciliation ( ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom ) ,urban ,,iv41 !n newly *os5 to ! papacy4 ,! ,pope summon$ ,?omas ,aqu9as f ,p>is to ,rome1 to aid 9 ^! negotiations by 8 erudition & acut5ess4 ,! subject 0 "o into :i* 8 previ\s /udies _h n conduct$ him1 b a s*ola/ic philosoph] mu/ be prep>$ to write on any topic4 ,de omni scibili 0 8 scope4 ,s ,?omas wrote 8 ,treatise aga9/ ! ,errors ( ! ,greeks 7,opusculum contra ,errores ,graecorum7 by ! papal ord]4 ,9 its prep>ation he became at once ! victim & ! in/rum5t ( "o ( ! mo/ memorable =g]ies 9 ecclesia/ical lit]ature4 ,! ,dom9icans _h foll[$ ! ,lat9 ,empire into ! ,ea/1 b f\nd !mselves at a loss = au?orities to prove to ! ,greeks t ! autocratic papacy 0 a v5]able1 mu* less a primitive in/itution1 ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,"o ( !m conceiv$ ! bright ?\ght ( manufactur+ a supply4 ,s he s5t to ,urban ,,iv4 a long cat5a ( quotations f ! ,greek fa!rs1 especially ! two ,cyrils & ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 9 :i* ! papal au?ority & infallibility 7 set =? ) a boldness nev] us$ ev5 9 ! ,we/4 ,! ,pope fully believ$ 9 _! g5u95ess & h&$ !m ov] to ,?omas1 :o incorporat$ _m ( !m into 8 opusculum1 besides us+ !m 9 8 great] "w4 ,he knew too mu* ab\t ! tea*+s ( ! ,greek fa!rs n to be /agg]$ by ! quotations z to ! ,procession ( ! ,holy ,_s f ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 & he express$ 8 d\bts 9 a lett] to ,urban4 ,b he 0 n /agg]$ by ! =g]'s %[+ t ! ,greeks accept$ ! univ]sal jurisdiction & infallible au?ority ( ! papacy4 ,9 ?is way ! notion ( a univ]sal episcopate & an infallibility 9 ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 f be+ ! audaci\s :im ( a few canoni/s1 pass$ into ! dogmatic !ology ( ! ,*ur*1 & came to be made an article ( fai? 9 our own "t4 7,see ,acton-,dll+]-,hub]'s book1 ,janus1 or ! ,pope & ! ,c\ncil1 *ap1 iii41 section #ah47 ,urban ,,iv4 hav+ br\ght ,?omas to ,italy1 ,clem5s ,,iv4 kept him !re z long z he liv$1 mak+ him a pr(essor 9 ! univ]sity e/abli%$ by ,innoc5t ,,iv4 )9 ! ,roman ,curia1 & z su* c>ri$ him ab\t f city to city z ! ,papal ,c\rt remov$1 & _h him lecture on !ology :]ev] ! ,c\rt 0 /ay+4 ,he also set him to ! "w ( writ+ comm5t>ies on "p ( ! ,scripture3 ,job1 ! ,psalms1 ,canticles1 ,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 & ,paul's ,epi/les1 besides 8 cat5a ( comm5ts on ! ,gospels ga!r$ f ! ,lat9 fa!rs4 ,mo/ important ( all = our purposes1 he ask$ him to prep>e ! s]vice = ,corpus ,*ri/i ,day--a fe/ival e/abli%$ 9 #abfd4 ,x 0 = ?is t ,?omas wrote f\r ( ! hymns :i* h giv5 him 8 place 9 ! annals ( hymnology1 & ^? are 8 f9e/4 ,& x is said t he also began 8 ,summa 9 ^! ye>s1 b t ,i d\bt4 ,b 9 #abfi ,clem5s di$1 & x 0 two ye>s be=e ano!r ,pope 0 elect$4 ,?omas took ! opportunity to escape out ( ! ?rong & noise ( ! ,curia1 & made 8 way back to ,france & to 8 old mann] ( life4 ,he came back to ,p>is & lectur$ 9 ,/4 ,jacques ,/reet1 b n z ! head ( ! s*ool4 ,at ,p>is he n[ f\nd critics z well z admir]s4 ,8 doctr9e t individuality is dep5d5t ^u matt] 0 c5sur$ z involv+ a d5ial ( immortality1 & 9 #abfi he wrote a treatise1 ,contra ,av]roi/as1 to %[ t ?is 0 n a necess>y or ev5 a fair inf]5ce4 ,9 ! same ye> we f9d him 9 ,london att5d+ a ,*apt] ,g5]al ( 8 ord]4 ,9 #abga ! vacancy 9 ! papacy end$ ) ! selection ( ,gregory ,x41 "o ( ! be/ ( ! popes4 ,?omas 0 recall$ to ,italy & (f]$ ! ,ar*bi%opric ( ,naples1 d\btless at ! sugge/ion ( ,*>les ( ,anj\1 ^: h&s 7 r$ ) ! blood ( ! "y ,conrad94 ,?omas wisely decl9$ x1 & :51 9 #abgb1 he agre$ to g to ,naples z a tea*] ( !ology1 x 0 ) ! res]vation t ?is %\ld n br+ him into close relations ) ! ,c\rt4 ,en\gh ( 8 ,ghibell9e traditions clung to him to make him abhor ! murd]] ( 8 k9sman4 ,s 9 ,naples he taught1 & wrote at 8 ,summa1 & pray$ & saw visions--8 biograph]s say--until "o day ! ,pope summon$ him to a ,g5]al ,c\ncil at ,lyons1 ) ! view ( proclaim+ a new crusade4 ,he obey$ ! summons1 b :5 he rea*$ ! ,ci/]cian mona/]y ( ,fossa ,nuova1 on ! hills above ! ,pont9e ,m>%es1 bel[ ,rome1 he fell ill & di$1 ,m>* #g?1 #abgd4 ,( c\rse ! ,italians knew he 0 poison$1 & ev5 ,dante c\nt5ances ! report4 ,! ,pont9e ,m>%es 9 spr+ are s :olesome t no o!r hypo!sis c\ld acc\nt = 8 dea?6 ,8 fri5d ,bonav5tura rea*$ ,lyons1 b di$ dur+ ! sessions ( ! c\ncil4 ,8 e>li] fri5d & ma/]1 ,alb]t ! ,great1 al?\gh 8 s5ior by ?irty ye>s1 outliv$ him by six1 dy+ 9 #abhj4 ,! position ( ,?omas ,aqu9as 9 hi/ory is det]m9$ by ! fact t he is ! greate/ ( ! s*ola/ic philosoph]s4 ,:at 8 ma/] & o!r e>li] ?9k]s _h attempt$1 he m ne>ly did ?an ev] has be5 done by any "o else4 ,he took ! two great bodies ( k1 secul> & sacr$1 & fus$ !m into a sy/em m ne>ly consi/5t ) itself ?an any o!r4 ,on ! "o side 0 ! encylopa$ic philosophy ( ,ari/otle1 & ! p>allel b less p]fect tradition ( ,platonic speculation2 on ! o!r ! ,scriptures1 ! dogmatic decisions ( ! c\ncils & popes1 & ! tea*+s ( ! recogniz$ au?orities among ! ecclesia/ical writ]s1 especially z ^! _h be5 summ>iz$ by ,pet] ,lomb>d4 ,to bl5d ^! into "o great sy/em ( !ology1 to subsidize ! weapons ( ! ,greek philosophy 9 def5ce ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 & to draw ! l9e ) accuracy betwe5 :at reason c prove & fai? accepts )\t pro(--?is 0 :at he und]took 9 ! ,summa4 ,& nev] 0 a m acute intellect employ$ on ! great task ( reconcil+ fai? ) reason4 ,if he fail$1 x is n because he %rank f anticipat+ any & e k9d ( objection to ! tru?s he 0 def5d+2 8 works are a p]fect /oreh\se ( su* objections4 ,if he fail$1 x 0 n f any want ( confid5ce 9 ! p[]s ( ! human m9d to deal ) ! highe/ subjects ( ?\ght4 ,no mod]n rationali/ ev] surpass$ him 9 t respect4 ,he fail$ because nei!r !n nor n[ d ! mat]ials exi/ = su* a "w1 & because 8 tru?s lo/ & 8 errors ga9$ =ce by be+ work$ into a sy/em4 ,x w\ld take a :ole *apt] ev5 to describe ! ,summa4 ,( its ?ree p>ts1 ! fir/1 conc]n+ ,god1 & ! second conc]n+ man1 7 complet$ 9 ! f\r ye>s he gave to ! "w4 ,9 ! ?ird1 :i* treats ( ! ,god-,man1 he got no f>!r ?an ! n9etie? "q1 & ! discussion 0 complet$ by extracts f 8 comm5t>y on ,pet] ,lomb>d4 ,b ! complet$ "p conta9s ne>ly two million ,lat9 words1 or ) ! supplem5t1 two million "o hundr$ ?\s&4 ,x is six times z l>ge z ,calv9's ,in/itutio1 or f\r times z l>ge z ! ,lat9 ,bible6 ,& ! ,summa fills only two ( ! sev5te5 folios ( 8 works1 all writt5 )9 ! space ( tw5ty-six ye>s by a man actively engag$ 9 tea*+1 lectur+1 & advis+ popes & pr9ces4 ,t s mu* ( ! =mative p]iod ( 8 life 0 sp5t 9 a controv]sy1 9 :i* he 0 ! applaud$ spokesman ( a p>ty ^: cause he reg>d$ z ! cause ( ,god1 c\ld n b affect 8 intellectual "*4 ,pr(essor ,maurice ?9ks ! delay 9 obta9+ ! ma/]'s degree work$ 9 ! same direction4 ,! ma/] 9 ^? days 0 expect$ to pron\nce decisions2 ^? :o _h n atta9$ t rank 7 occupi$ 9 disputations only4 8,?us our au?or 0 a tra9$ argu]10 & 8! old habits rema9$ ) him :5 8 decisions 7 mo/ accept$ z au?orities4 ,f fir/ to la/ he 0 ?9k+ ( all t c\ld be said on bo? sides ( ! "q he 0 discuss+40 ,i believe t he 0 consci\s ( ! n>r[+ & dw>f+ t5d5cy ( ?is habit ( m9d1 ev5 ?\gh he did n detect ! s\rce ( ! evil4 ,we read ( 8 seek+ to prep>e himself = 8 "w by humble devotion4 ,b to ! la/ l9e ( 8 la/ "w ! controv]sial habit & attitude ( m9d cl+s to him4 ,x is only 9 8 cate*etical expositions1 writt5 be=e he left ,koeln = ,p>is1 t y f9d a diff]5t atmosph]e1 & escape ! h]etic-cru%+ ,ari/otelian dialectic ( ! s*ola/ic disputant4 ,ev5 9 8 few hymns1 :i* con/itute 8 title to rank among ! sacr$ poets1 he is ! great s*ola/ic doctor1 ) 8 eye on ! h]esies :i* may di/ract ! believ]4 ,he writes ) ! full panoply "u 8 s++ robes4 ,all 8 hymns are conc]n$ ) ! greate/ ( ! ,*ri/ian sacram5ts4 ,x 0 9 #abae1 a ye> be=e ! confirmation ( ! ,dom9ican ,ord]1 & twelve ye>s be=e ,?omas 0 born1 t ! f\r? ,lat]an ,c\ncil made ! transub/antiation ( ! elem5ts into ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ an article ( fai?4 ,b a ,belgian ec/atic1 ,juliana ( ,liege1 _h a vision :i* call$ = a special annual fe/ival 9 honor ( ! my/]y4 ,urban ,,iv4 compli$ ) ?is reque/ 9 #abfa1 by requir+ t ! ,?ursday next aft] ,tr9ity ,sunday %\ld be obs]v$ z ,corpus ,*ri/i ,day4 ,?is involv$ ! prep>ation ( an additional s]vices = ! ,missal & ,brevi>y1 ) suitable pray]s & hymns1 & ! "w 0 laid ^u ,?omas4 ,= ! ,missal he wrote ! sequ5ce ,lauda1 ,sion1 ,salvatorem2 & = ! ,brevi>y ! ?ree hymns ,pange1 l+ua1 gloriosi ,corporis my/]ium1 ,sacris solemniis juncta s9t gaudia1 & ,v]bum sup]num prodi5s1 ,nec ,patris4 ,! ,p>is ,brevi>y connects a fif? hymn ( 8 ) ! same fe/ival1 ! ,adoro ,te devote1 lat5s ,deitas1 assign+ x = late 7s]ot9as7 s]vices 9 ! octave ( ,corpus ,*ri/i4 ,s ,newman2 b ,daniel decl>es he f9ds x 9 none ( ! brevi>ies ( mod]n use1 & 9 ! missals only z a "p ( ! prie/'s private prep>ation = say+ ,mass4 ,ev5 ?is rank has n be5 atta9$ by ! six? hymn ascrib$ to him1 ! beautiful ,o ,esca viatorum1 :i* ,dr4 ,ray ,palm] has made famili> to ,am]ican wor%ipp]s by 8 exquisite v]sion1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,&ov] ,sabba? ,hymn-,book3 ,o ,bread to pilgrims giv54 ,moll d5ies t ,?omas wrote ?is1 & says x is by a ,jesuit poet1 :i* is mo/ probable4 ,m>* calls x 8a happy e*o0 ( ! undisput$ hymns ( ,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,b ! e*o is s(t5$2 ! hymn is less mascul9e4 ,lympha fons alone w\ld s]ve z a note to %[ t ,aqu9as nev] wrote x4 ,x has be5 said by ,dr4 ,neale t ! ,pange1 l+ua1 gloriosi 8conte/s ! second place among ^? ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 ) ! ,vexilla ,regis1 ! ,/abat ,mat]1 ! ,jesu dulcis memoria1 ! ,ad ,regias ,agni ,dapes1 ! ,ad ,sup]nam1 & "o or two o!rs1 leav+ ! ,dies ,irae 9 its unapproa*able glory40 ,b ?is judgm5t is ! prejudic$ "o ( a ,high ,*ur*man1 suffici5tly 9 sympa?y ) ! ,roman doctr9e ( ! sacram5ts to reli% ke5ly ,?omas's concise & vigor\s /atem5t ( t doctr9e1 & to mi/ake ! reli% = critical appreciation ( ! poetry4 ,dr4 ,neale ev5 praises ,?omas's treatise ,on ! ,v5]able ,sacram5t ( ! ,alt> z ! f9e/ devotional treatise ( ! ,middle ,ages1 f9] !re=e ?an ! ,imitation itself6 ,a calm] e/imate w put ! hymn decid$ly bel[ ,b]n>d's exquisite ,jesu dulcia memoria1 or ! ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus ( ,rabanus ,maurus1 or ! ,v5i1 ,sancte ,spiritus ( ,h]mann ,contractus4 ,x is true t x excels all ^! 9 its peculi> qualities1 its logical neatness1 dogmatic precision1 & =ce ( almo/ argum5tative /atem5t2 b ^! qualities are n poetical4 ,9 ?is respect x is n altoge!r unlike ,toplady's 8,rock ( ,ages10 a hymn 9 :i* ! intellect has cut a *annel = ! emotions to fl[4 ,t 0 writt5 z a tail-piece to a controv]sial article 9 :i* ,toplady discuss$ ,john ,wesley's doctr9es 9 ! matt] ( fai? & works1 & is a t]se /atem5t ( !ological discrim9ations on t po9t4 ,! ,lauda1 ,sion1 ,salvatorem1 z x is a mu* long] hymn1 gives m scope = ! exposition ( ! ,roman doctr9e4 ,= ?is reason ,m>t9 ,lu!r abhorr$ x1 probably also because he _h no good op9ion ( ,?omas himself4 ,he accuses him ( p]v]t+ ! ,scripture 9 ?is hymn1 8z ?\gh he 7 ! wor/ enemy ( ,god1 or else an idiot40 ,b ?is h>% judgm5t did n succe$ 9 expell+ ! hymn f ! use ( ! ,lu!ran *ur*es1 & s9ce ! ,ox=d revival x has f\nd its way into o!r ,prote/ant *ur*es4 ,b ! six?1 sev5? & eigh? v]ses express ! doctr9e ( transub/antiation s di/9ctly1 t "o mu/ h gone z f> z ,dr4 ,pusey1 :o av[$ t he held 8all ,roman doctr9e10 be=e us+ _! words 9 any b a non-natural s5se4 ,9 ! f9e v]sion made by ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,sunday-,s*ool ,times 9 #ahhc1 & includ$ 9 ,dr4 ,rob9son's ,laudes ,dom9i1 only half ! hymn is giv51 ^? v]ses be+ tak5 :i* deflect lea/ f ! g5]al curr5t ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght ab\t ! sacram5t4 ,by ! au?or's k9d p]mission1 we give x "h ) 8 late/ revision3 8,sion1 to ?y ,savi\r s++1 ,to ?y ,pr9ce & ,%eph]d br++ ,sweete/ hymns ( love & praise1 ,?\ wilt nev] rea* ! measure ,( 8 wor?1 by all ! treasure ,( ?y mo/ ec/atic lays4 8,( all wond]s t c ?rill !e1 ,& ) adoration fill !e1 ,:at ?an ?is c great] be1 ,t himself to !e he give?8-- ,he t eate?1 ev] live?-- ,= ! bread ( life is he4 8,fill ?y lips to ov]fl[+ ,) sweet praise1 8 m]cy %[+1 ,:o ?is heav5ly table spread4 ,on ?is day s glad & holy1 ,to ea* long+ _s l[ly ,give? he ! liv+ ,bread4 8,"h ! ,k+ ha? spread 8 table1 ,:]eon eyes ( fai? are able ,*ri/ our ,passov] to trace4 ,%ad[s ( ! law are go+1 ,light & life & tru? infl[+1 ,night to day is giv+ place4 99 99 99 99 99 8,lo1 ?is angels' food desc5d+ ,heav5ly love is hi!r s5d+1 ,hungry lips on e>? to fe$6 ,s ! pas*al lamb 0 giv51 ,s ! manna came f heav51 ,isaac 0 8 type inde$4 8,o good ,%eph]d1 ,bread life-giv+1 ,u1 ?y grace & life receiv+1 ,fe$ & %elt] ev]more6 ,?\ on e>? our weakness guid+1 ,we 9 heav5 ) !e abid+1 ,) all sa9ts w !e adore40 ,?omas's ,franciscan fri5d1 ,john ,fid5za1 bett] kn[n by 8 nickname ( ,john ,bonav5tura1 0 a hymn-writ] also1 b he did a good _m o!r ?+s bett]4 ,to _m ,prote/ants 8 "n has be5 made (f5sive ?r\gh its association ) ! ,psalt] ( ,our ,lady1 a trave/y ( ! ,book ( ,psalms1 ) :i* he _h no?+ to d1 & :i* 0 made 9 a lat] c5tury4 ,inde$1 z ,m>t9 ,*emnitz po9t$ out ?ree c5turies ago1 ,bonav5tura prote/$ aga9/ ! excessive rev]5ce = ! ,virg91 :i* _h already become common1 z likely to lead to idolatry4 ,t he 0 call$ ! ,s]aphic ,doctor %[s t m5 felt 9 him a w>m? ( he>t & a t5d]ness ( devotion1 :i* !y miss$ 9 8 great] contempor>y1 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ! ,angelical ,doctor4 ,inde$ he 0 ! inc>nation ( ! ,franciscan _s ( love & helpfulness1 z ,?omas ( ! ,dom9ican _s ( !ological rese>* & or?odox def5ce4 ,yet ,bonav5tura's ,breviloquium has be5 prais$ by good judges z ! be/ comp5d ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e t ! ,middle ,ages h left u4 ,bonav5tura's ,lat9 poems are r dev\t m$itations ?an hymns4 ,!y are n ! voice ( ! ,*ri/ian congregation 9 song1 b ( ! monk m$itat+ be=e 8 crucifix4 ,to him is sometimes ascrib$ ! ,*ri/mas hymn1 ,ade/e fideles1 b n on suffici5t au?ority4 ,8 be/ kn[n hymns are ! ,*ri/um ,ducem1 qui p] crucem1 & ,record>e sanctae crucis1 ( :i* latt] we h ,engli% v]sions by ,dr4 ,h5ry ,h>baugh1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,alex&]1 & ,e4 ,c4 ,b5$ict4 ,five o!r hymns are ascrib$ to him 9 ! collections4 ,!y all h ! ,franciscan note2 !y turn on our ,"l's human sympa?y & suff]+s4 ,?is expla9s ! ascription to him ( a long hymn on ! memb]s ( our ,"l's body z affect$ by ! passion1 :i* is f\nd 9 ,mone 7,i41 #aga-gd71 b :i* is m frequ5tly & q z errone\sly ascrib$ to ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux4 ,x is n wor?y ( ei!r1 al?\gh ,mone ?9ks ! ascription to ,bonav5tura 8wor?y ( att5tion40 ,! hymn furni%es ! po9t ( contact ( ! ,lat9 hymnology ) t ( ! lat] ,moravians1 ! ,franciscans ( ,prote/antism4 ,s we leave ! two great s*ol>s1 ?9k]s1 doctors1 & poets1 ea* repres5t+ "o ( ! two *ief /reams ( spiritual influ5ce 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 8,!y 7 lovely & pleasant 9 _! lives1 & 9 dea? !y 7 n divid$40 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,jacoponus ,,& ,,! 8,,/abat ,,mat]40 ,jacoponus1 kn[n to u sometimes z ,jacobus de ,b5$ictis1 & sometimes z ,jacopo di ,b5$etto1 or z ,giacopone da ,todi f 8 ,italian bir?place1 is a mo/ qua9t & s+ul> s+]4 ,! "n ,jacoponus is a m]e title ( reproa*1 & signifies ei!r 8,big ,james0 or 8,silly ,james40 ,x 0 call$ aft] him on ! /reet & he adopt$ x 9 a _s ( humility & z a badge ( self abnegation4 ,! man himself 0 an ,italian juri/ & nobleman1 :o liv$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,he l$ a wild life1 lo/ 8 prop]ty1 & ev5tually rega9$ x by indu/ry & ability4 ,evid5tly he nei!r c>$ nor scrupl$ ab\t 8 ways ( mak+ money4 ,a crisis came 9 8 life 9 consequ5ce ( 8 wife's sudd5 dea?4 ,%e 0 kill$ at ! city games ( ,todi 9 ! ye> ( grace #abfh1 :]e ) o!r wom5 %e _h be5 wat*+ ! sports f a scaffold ( wood4 ,x 0 insecure & fell1 kill+ h] in/antly4 ,poor ,b5$etto1 on hurry+ to ! spot1 f\nd t b5ea? h] g>m5ts %e _h be5 we>+ a hair girdle next to ! sk9--accord+ to ! h>% cu/om ( ! "t--& he 0 deeply affect$ by ?is evid5ce ( h] anxiety to please ,god4 ,9 ^? days su* an action spoke volumes = ! victim's piety1 & no "o 0 m op5 to conviction ?an ?is erratic1 s5sitive1 & brilliant man4 ,b x w\ld seem t = a long "t he /ruggl$ aga9/ 8 feel+s1 s9ce we h a record t by #abih he _h be5 a religi\s p]son ab\t tw5ty ye>s4 ,inde$1 !re is a /ory t he 0 n receiv$ at once by ! ,m9orites1 & t he f9ally produc$ c]ta9 poems be=e !y grew satisfi$ to take him 94 ,h[ev]1 :5 he 0 fairly )9 _! walls he outdid all ! o!r ,franciscans 9 au/]ity4 ,he _h giv5 up 8 position z ,doctor ( ,laws & _h surr5d]$ 8 prop]ty2 n[ x w\ld appe> t he 0 det]m9$ to advance beyond ! re/ 9 ascetic devotion4 ,8 p5ances & pray]s 7 greatly 9 excess ( prescrib$ rules1 & he mu/ h prov$ z sore a trial to any easy-go+ bro!r1 z ,simeon ,/ylites 0 :5 he too l$ ! :ole conv5t to d5\nce 8 ascetic habits4 ,!re is small d\bt t ! bra9 ( ,jacoponus 0 decid$ly (f its balance1 ev5 9 ^! e>lie/ days1 & 8 subsequ5t conduct gave full evid5ce ( 8 insanity4 ,/ill1 we f9d 9 ?is self-abasem5t ( 8 no?+ t looks l pride or egotism4 ,:]e o!rs display a complac5cy :i* is v ,ph>isaic1 he only %[s ! monomania ( a gift$ s\l4 ,"s ( 8 expressions are rem>kable = _! spiritual dep? & p[]4 ,?us :5 he 0 press$ to expla9 h[ a ,*ri/ian c be sure t he loves ,god1 he repli$1 8,i h ! sign ( *>ity2 if ,i ask ,god = some?+1 & ,he refuses me1 ,i love ,him not)/&+2 & :5 ,he opposes me ,i love ,him twice z mu*40 8,i w\ld10 he says1 8= ! love ( ,*ri/1 suff] ) a p]fect resignation all ! toils ( ?is life1 e grief1 angui%1 pa91 :i* ^w c express or ?\ght conceive4 ,i w\ld also readily cons5t t1 on leav+ life1 ! demons %\ld be> my s\l into ! place ( tortures1 !re to endure all ! torm5ts due to my s9s2 to ^? ( ! j :o suff] 9 purgatory1 & ev5 ( ! reprobates & demons if ?is c\ld be2 & t until ! day ( ! la/ judgm5t1 & long] /ill1 accord+ to ! good pleasure ( ! ,div9e ,maje/y4 ,&1 above all1 x w\ld be to me a great pleasure & supreme satisfaction t all ^? = :om ,i %\ld h suff]$ %\ld ent] heav5 be=e me1 &1 f9ally1 if ,i came aft] !m t all %\ld agree to decl>e to me t !y owe me no?+40 ,surely no mod]n !ologian has ev] /at$ ! doctr9e ( 8self-empt9ess0 9 any %ape :i* at all comp>es ) ?is6 ,nor 0 he defici5t 9 wit4 8,i enjoy ! realm ( ,france10 he once said1 8m ?an does ! ,k+ ( ,france2 = ,i take "p 9 all ! happ9ess t comes to him & ,i hav5't ! c>e ( 8 bus9ess40 ,at ano!r "t he ent]$ ! m>ket-place on all f\rs nak$1 a saddle on 8 back & a bit betwe5 8 tee?1 = :at symbolic purpose no "o has ev] expla9$4 ,aga91 he lit]ally t>r$ & fea!r$ himself1 cov]+ 8 body ) a /icky oil & !n roll+ 9 fea!rs ( v>i\s colors & k9ds4 ,9 ?is elegant w$d+ attire he made 8 appe>ance at 8 bro!r's h\se to honor ! m>riage ( 8 niece4 ,! gue/s1 z might be expect$1 dep>t$ 9 confusion & disgu/4 ,b to all remon/rances ^u 8 conduct he retort$1 8,my bro!r ?9ks to illum9e our "n by 8 magnific5ce2 ,i %all d x by my folly40 ,he 0 really a leaf tak5 out ( ,rabelais or ,boccaccio--a je/] ^: folly & wisdom 7 m+l$ unequally1 mu* 9 ! fa%ion ( t ,wamba son ( ,witless1 immortaliz$ = u 9 ! pages ( ,ivanhoe4 ,! man's great m9d _h d\btless be5 %ak5 by 8 affliction & by ! gloomy !ology ( 8 "t4 ,o!rwise ^! p]=mances1 s inconsi/5t ) 8 g5ius1 c\ld nev] h tak5 place4 ,! irregul>ity ( 8 productions1 sometimes delicate z ! mo/ graceful /anzas ( ! tr\bad\rs1 & "s times z co>se & r\gh z ,villon at 8 wor/1 are 9 exact pro( ( ?is ass]tion4 ,9 !ology he 01 to quote ,ozanam1 8no long] a dogmatic b a my/ic40 ,he really became ! lead] ( a b& ( pure & elevat$ m9ds :i* cont9u$1 by direct g5ealogy1 ?r\gh ,hugo & ,ri*>d ( ,/4 ,victor1 & ,taul] d[n to ,/4 ,!resa1 ,madame ,guyon1 ,fnelon1 & our own ,?omas ,c4 ,upham4 ,x is an honor ( no slight consequ5ce to h inspir$ s mu* ( ! _s ( ! ,apo/le ,john into t turbid curr5t ( m$iaeval religion4 ,& x does n surprise u1 !re=e1 to f9d ! ,cur mundus militat ( ,jacoponus cr$it$ to ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 nor ! ,jesu1 dulcis memoria ( ,b]n>d attribut$ to ,jacoponus4 ,! two m5 7 v simil>1 b ! opportunities ( ! ,fr5* abbot 7 inf9itely sup]ior to ^? ( ! ,italian monk4 ,& aft] a v c>eful inquiry ,i rema9 conv9c$1 l o!r hymnologi/s1 t ^! two great hymns h already be5 prop]ly assign$4 ,x is c]ta9ly a /agg]+ piece ( te/imony :5 ! latt] is f\nd 9 an old ,,ms4 ( ,jacoponus's poems1 precisely 9 ! =m 9 :i* x appe>s 9 ! mo/ critical edition ( ! writ+s ( ,b]n>d4 ,& x is equally unsettl+ = u to come ^u ! ,cur mundus militat 9 ! works ( ! sa9t1 :5 we "k1 on no d\btful evid5ce1 t ?is 0 ! passport ( ! s9n] into 8 ,franciscan conv5t4 ,once m x is wor? our :ile to repeat ! w>n+ t any positive designation ( ,lat9 hymns by _! au?ors' names mu/ re/ ^u a firm] f\ndation ?an ! m]e fact t !y c be discov]$ 9 ?is man's or t man's pr9t$ works4 ,jacoponus also int]e/s u 9 view ( 8 ,prote/ant _s4 ,he nev] fanci$ ,boniface ,,viii41 & :5 t pope _h a dream 9 :i* he saw a great bell )\t a tongue1 & consult$ ! ke5-witt$ fri> ^u its mean+1 he receiv$ ! repro( valiant1 8,"k1 y\r hol9ess10 said ! undaunt$ monk1 8t ! great size ( ! bell signifies ! pontifical p[] :i* embraces ! _w4 ,b take he$ le/ ! tongue be t good example :i* y w n give40 ,= ?is & o!r lib]ties :i* he took x is no wond] t he pres5tly f\nd himself 9 prison1 :]e he suff]$ ev]y?+ pati5tly1 & ann\nc$ t he w\ld g out :5 ,boniface 0 ready to come 94 ,& ?is1 inde$1 actually occurr$4 ,he 0 excommunicat$1 too1 b f ?is s5t5ce ,b5$ict ,,xi4 releas$ him on ,decemb] #bc;d1 #acjc4 ,i _c refra9 f quot+ "s m ( 8 religi\s aphorisms & m$itations :i* in/9ctively sugge/ to u ! pi\s mus+s ( ,kempis4 ,"h is "o3 8,i h always ?\ght1 & ,i ?9k n[1 t x is a great ?+ to "k h[ to enjoy ,god4 ,:y8 ,because 9 ^! h\rs ( joy1 humility is ex]cis$ ) respect4 ,b ,i h ?\ght1 & ,i ?9k n[1 t ! greate/ ?+ is to "k h[ to re/ depriv$ ( ,god4 ,:y8 ,because 9 ^! h\rs ( trial1 fai? is ex]cis$ )\t evid5ce1 hope )\t attempt at fulfilm5t1 & *>ity )\t any sign ( ! div9e b5evol5ce40 ,& "h is a fragm5t f 8 la/ poem3 8,love1 ,i see t ?\ art transfigur+ me1 & mak+ me become ,love l !e1 s t ,i dwell no long] 9 my own he>t & t ,i "k no long] h[ to f9d myself aga94 ,if ,i p]ceive 9 a man any evil1 or vice1 or temptation1 ,i am trans=m$ & ,i ent] into him2 ,i am p5etrat$ ) 8 pa940 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t ^! poems 7 9 ! ,lat9 language 9 e in/ance4 ,v few ( ! entire numb] are truly )9 our own sph]e ( rese>*1 & all ^? compos$ 9 ,italian are accessible to u only ?r\gh a ,fr5* prose translation4 ,b 8 8,praise ( ,pov]ty0 des]ves a place ev5 9 ^! pages1 = x reveals ! nature ( ! poet & helps u to compreh5d ! pa?os & t5d]ness ( 8 unregulat$ g5ius3 8,sweet ,pov]ty1 h[ mu* 9 tru? ,%\ld we love !e6 ,=1 *ild1 ?\ ha/ a si/] nam$ ,humility4 ,a common b[l1 = food & dr9k1 ,is all ?y ne$2 ,bread1 wat]1 & a few poor h]bs1 ,suffice inde$4 8,&1 if a gue/ %\ld come1 %e adds ,a p9* ( salt2 ,%e travels fe>less1 & no foe ,c bid h] halt2 ,?ieves d n plund] h]2 %e dies ,at l5g? 9 peace2 ,%e makes no w2 no grasp+ h&s ,clut* h] increase4 8,poor little ?+6 ,behold ?\ art ,heav5's citiz52 ,no vulg> e>?ly wi%es draw ,!e d[n to m52 ,?9e is ! greate/ sceptre1 ?9e ,! k+dom "h1 ,= :at ?\ c>e/ n to seek ,/ill cr[de? ne>4 8,o sci5ce mo/ pr(\nd & deep6 ,= ?us we rise1 ,& ga9 our fre$om by ! ?+s ,we mo/ despise6 ,o graci\s ,pov]ty1 suppli$ ,) joy & re/1 ,?9e is ! pl5ty ( ! he>t1 ,& t is be/60 ,x is /rangely incongru\s ) ?is almo/ idyllic g5tl5ess = u to f9d su* a man hang+ a covet$ bit ( meat 9 8 cell until ! odor ( its putrefaction disgu/$ ! re/ ( ! monks1 z well z put an end to 8 own crav+ = ! =bidd5 da9ty4 ,!n1 too1 we h sev]al o!r anecdotes ( 8 grim humor & bold d5unciation ( s94 ,take1 = example1 ! /ory told ( 8 peculi> half-satirical conduct 9 an in/ance :i* ,wadd+1 ! hi/orian ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 relates ) great gu/o4 ,a citiz5 ( ,todi1 a relative ( ! poet1 _h b\ght a pair ( *ick5s1 & n wi%+ to be inconv5i5c$ by !m1 he said to ,jacoponus1 8,take !m & c>ry !m = me1 if y please2 ,i don't c>e to burd5 myself ) !m40 ,to :i* ,jacoponus answ]$1 8,tru/ me6 ,i'll c>ry y\r *ick5s home40 ,he !n w5t direct to ! *ur* ( ,=tunatus1 9 :i* 8 own monum5t 0 aft]w>d plac$1 & pull+ up a grave/one he ?ru/ ! *ick5s 9 & replac$ ! slab4 ,! wor?y citiz5 on 8 return ( c\rse f\nd no *ick5s1 & !re=e at once hunt$ out ,jacoponus 9 ! public squ>e & reproa*$ him4 8,i took !m to y\r h\se10 retort$ ! ,franciscan4 8,b ,i h j come f x & my wife says %e has n se5 y10 ! ,tudescan ass]t$4 ,!reupon ,jacoponus took him to ! *ur* & hav+ remov$ ! /one1 said to him3 8,fri5d1 isn't t y\r home80 ,! citiz51 says ,wadd+1 took 8 *ick5s1 be+ a man evid5tly ( frugal m9d1 &1 8n )\t fe>1 w5t 8 way absorb$ 9 ?\ght40 ,?is mad ,solomon is at times s ke5 9 8 d5unciations ( ! corruption ( ! ,*ur*1 & s evid5tly s9c]e 9 8 own religion1 t m ?an "o hymnologi/ has ?\ght t 8 folly 0 l>gely assum$ z a guise "u :i* he _h great] fre$om4 ,! c\rt fool 0 a 8*>t]$ lib]t9e0 z to 8 language1 & :5 we read ! epitaph ( ,jacoponus x seems z if he _h rev]s$ ! say+ ( ,%akespe>e & _h /ol5 ,satan's liv]y to s]ve ,heav5 94 ,!re is no "q b t ?is satirical fre$om actually co/ ! poor je/] "s consid]able %>e ( imprisonm5t1 & ?is height5s ! likelihood t he 0 play+ ,brutus 9 ord] to aboli% ,caes>4 ,boniface ,,viii41 :om he _h v pla9ly rebuk$1 0 ! "o :o imprison$ him1 & he 0 n releas$ be=e ! case--z he _h inde$ pr$ict$--0 precisely rev]s$4 ,let me record my own conviction1 bas$ ^u ! poem ( :i* ,i app5d a translation1 & ^u ! o!r facts ( 8 life1 t ?is view ( 8 c>e] has mu* 9 its favor4 ,^? days & ^! are n to be comp>$ 9 respect to lib]ty4 ,:]e ,b]n>d ( ,cluny swung 8 sl+ ab\t 8 head & let ! pebbles fly to "r & left ) no v tangible result1 ,jacoponus took b[ & arr[s & drove 8 %aft into ! t>get4 ,no "o m$dl$ ) ,b]n>d2 b ,jacoponus1 a c5tury lat]1 0 a ,tell = ! ecclesia/ical ,gessl]4 ,( ! ,/abat ,mat] ,dolorosa1 c>ri$ by ! ,flagellants into e corn] ( ,europe z !y flogg$ !mselves 9 public to its an!m1 x c be said t x is "o ( ! v greate/ hymns--if n actually ! greate/--( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! ,dies ,irae1 ! ,v5i1 ,sancte ,spiritus1 & ! ,hymn ( ,b]n>d ( ,cluny1 are ca?olic r ?an ,roman4 ,?is is ,roman r ?an ca?olic4 ,x is full ( ,m>iolatry4 ,take a /anza f a prose translation by way ( example3 8,virg9 ( virg9s1 illu/ri\s1 be n n[ bitt] to me1 make me m\rn ) !e1 make me c>ry ab\t ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 make me a %>] 9 ,8 passion1 ador+ ,8 suff]+40 ,& aga93 8,o ,*ri/1 :5 ,i g h5ce1 give me1 ?r\gh ,?y "m1 to atta9 ! palm ( victory10 etc4 ,= ?is reason ! ,prote/ant metrical v]sions ( ! ,/abat ,mat] are few 9 numb] & g5]ally accompani$ by disclaim]s ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,( c\rse ! music1 on ^: w+s ! hymn has n[ fl[n _w-wide1 w ne$ no ^w ( m9e4 ,if ! ,/abat ,mat] itself receives commonly ! second rank among hymns1 x foll[s t ,ross9i1 ,p]golesi1 ,pale/r9a & ,haydn h n detract$ f its glory4 ,& ?\gh 9 ! t]se language ( "o ( our be/ hymnologi/s1 we say1 8,x is simple ,m>iolatry1 mo/ ( x10 ! human pa?os ( ! v]ses appeals /rongly to ^? :o refuse ! add$ errors ( ! poem4 ,( ! ,/abat ,mat] ,speciosa ,i confess to a decid$ d\bt4 ,x is 9 ! nature ( a p>aphrase1 almo/ ( a p>ody4 ,x is unwor?y ( ! bra9 t =m$ ! ,mat] ,dolorosa1 & ! je/] mu/ h gone beyond common folly if he desc5d$ to ?is imitation ( himself4 ,x is m likely--& !re is good gr\nd = ! op9ion--t x is ! "w ( "s lat] h&4 ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*1 by ! way1 w n include ei!r ( !m 9 8 collection4 ,( ! o!r writ+s ( ,jacoponus x may be int]e/+ to say t he compos$ hymns & satires 9 great abundance1 bo? 9 ,lat9 & 9 ,italian1 :i* 7 collect$ by ,franciscus ,tressatus1 a ,m9orite bro!r1 & publi%$ 9 sev5 books4 ,! ,cur mundus militat 7:i* ,wadd+ quotes at l5g?7 meets ?is editor's highe/ praise4 ,( ! ,italian poems we c say t !y are n[ reg>d$ by ,symonds & o!rs z ! f\nta9-head ( ,italian lit]ature1 & t !y conta9$ _m ( ! crude expressions ( ! common p mix$ ) an elegance ( phraseology to :i* ,dante & ,petr>* 7 accu/om+ _! "m tongue4 ,inde$1 ,i "k no o!r simil> poet1 unless x be ,john ,skelton1 rector ( 8gloomy ,dis0 9 ,engl&1 :o ab\t a c5tury lat] %ot ! same k9d ( %afts at ! same mann] ( t>get & ) mu* ! same bitt]1 gib+ wit4 ,b ( all ! compositions ( our mad monk :i* ,i h se51 ,i am mo/ especially int]e/$ 9 ?is ,cur mundus militat4 ,its attractiv5ess consi/s1 fir/ ( all1 9 its dactylic measure & 9 its s+ul> adaptation to ! "* ( ,jacoponus4 ,x is h>d1 9 ! translation1 to cat* t /range j+le ( ! cap & bells & t toss+ ( ! fool's bauble :i* accompany ! exhortation4 ,only 9 ! la/ /anza does x appe> z if he deign$ to be s]i\s4 ,all t prec$es ?is is ! qua9t _w-we>9ess ( ! man too wise = 8 "t1 & :o is !re=e well pleas$ to be /ultus propt] ,*ri/um--a 8fool = ,*ri/'s sake40 ,,! ,,vanity ,,( ,,e>?4 ,:y %\ld ?is _w ( ours /rive to be glori\s ,s9ce its prosp]ity is n victori\s8 ,swiftly its p[] & its beauty are p]i%+ ,l to frail vases :i* once we 7 *]i%+4 ,tru/ m to lett]s c>v$ fair on "s fro/9ess ,?an to ?is brittle _w's empty untru/9ess4 ,false 9 h] honors1 9 semblance ( purity1 ,nev] z yet _h %e "t = security4 ,m %\ld be tru/$ to glass1 :i* is trea*]\s1 ,?an to ,e>?'s happ9ess wret*$ & v5tur\s-- ,fill$ ) false vanities1 lur$ by false madnesses1 ,worn ) false kn[l$ges1 sick ( false gladnesses4 ,:]e n[ is ,solomon1 once s pre-em95t8 ,:]e is t ,samson1 s valiantly prom95t8 ,:]e ! fair ,absalom1 /alw>t & beautiful8 ,:]e ! sweet ,jona?an1 lovely & dutiful8 ,:i!r w5t ,caes>1 t mon>* illu/ri\s8 ,or ! pr\d ,dives1 at table indu/ri\s8 ,tell me ( ,tullius1 l(ty 9 eloqu5ce2 ,or ,ari/oteles1 fir/ 9 gr&iloqu5ce4 ,s _m h]oes1 su* spaci\s activity1 ,danc]s & m\ntebanks1 k+doms & levity2 ,rul]s ( e>? :o 7 tyrann\s o'er u all-- ,swift z a glance !y are gone f be=e u all6 ,:at a %ort holiday ?is ( ,e>?'s be/ e/ate6 ,joys1 :i* to man are l dreams t atte/ 8 fate2 ,:i*1 ! rew>ds ( et]nity bani%+1 ,lead him ?r\gh pa?s :]e 8 com=t is vani%+4 ,food ( ! worm ?\ art--clod ( ! common clay6 ,o dew6 ,o vanity6 ,:y praise ?y common way8 ,?\ :o art ignorant :e!r ! morr[ come6 ,d good to all ere ! "t ( ?y sorr[ come4 ,mu* ?\gh we value ?is glory ( e>?9ess1 ,scripture decl>e?1 z grass1 its unwor?9ess2 ,l ! light leaf1 by ! mighty w9d hurri$ (f1 ,s is ?is life1 by ! d>kness soon c>ri$ (f4 ,no?+ is ?9e :i* ?y _s may lose aga9-- ,:at ?is _w gave x int5de? to *oose aga92 ,lift up ?y ?\ght :]e ! he>t ha? its treasure-h\se-- ,happy art ?\ to despise ?is ,e>?'s pleasure-h\se6 ,we are n to imag9e t ^! /irr+ v]ses1 :e!r 9 ,lat9 or 9 ,italian1 w5t unnotic$4 ,9 ! v>i\s productions ( 8 muse ! humble monk enjoy$ a popul>ity l t ( ,abel>d4 ,num]\s manuscripts ( 8 writ+s 7 scatt]$ ?r\gh ,italy1 ,france1 & ,spa91 & translations 9 ^! diff]5t languages help$ to increase 8 fame4 ,betwe5 ! fifte5? & sev5te5? c5turies at lea/ eight editions appe>$4 ,b = critical purposes !y are n s valuable z might be suppos$1 s9ce !re are int]polations by o!r h&s :i* confuse & det] ! inve/igator4 ,!y 7 supplem5t$ 9 #ahai by ! publication ( a numb] hi!rto unkn[n1 :i* 7 edit$ by ,aless&ro da ,mort>a4 ,( ! ,lat9 poetry ascrib$ to him ! ,jesu dulcis memoria is c]ta9ly ,b]n>d's1 = ,morel discov]$ x 9 an ,e9si$eln ,,ms4 8old] ?an #abhh40 ,!re are two hymns--,crux te1 te volo conqu]i & ,ave regis angelorum--( :i* we m]ely "k ! op5+ l9es & h no accessible orig9als4 ,! ,v]bum c>o factum e/1 ! ,ave fuit prima salus1 & ! ,cur mundus militat are d\btless 8 own4 ,! ,mat] ,speciosa ,i take ! lib]ty to discr$it because ( its gross ,lat9ity--a po9t :i* ,ozanam conc$es 9 spite ( 8 belief 9 its g5u9e "*4 ,! ,mat] ,dolorosa itself has n escap$ "q1 = ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 decl>$ x to be ! "w ( ,innoc5t ,,iii41 to :om1 ) ab\t ! same am\nt ( tru?1 has also be5 attribut$ ! ,v5i1 ,sancte ,spiritus4 ,9 ! ye> #acjf1 aft] imprisonm5t & excommunication _h bo? pass$ ov] 8 head & sp5t _! =ce h>mlessly1 ! ag$ ,jacoponus drew ne> 8 end4 ,8 companions urg$ him to ask = ! f9al sacram5t1 b he 0 9 no ha/e4 ,he w\ld wait1 he said1 = ,john ( ,alv]nia1 8 true fri5d1 & f 8 h&s only w\ld he receive x4 ,!y consid]$ ?is ano!r pro( ( 8 untam$ & rebelli\s nature1 & l\dly lam5t$ ar\nd 8 b$4 ,b ! dy+ man gave no he$ to _! weakness4 ,he rais$ himself ^u 8 arm & ) lift$ face began to *ant ! ,anima b5$etta--! song ( a bless$ s\l4 ,sc>cely _h 8 voice utt]$ ! clos+ words ere two m5 7 se5 ha/5+ across ! field4 ,"o 0 t v ,john ( ,alv]nia1 mov$ by "s /range pres5tim5t to visit 8 fri5d4 ,he ent]$ ! room & greet$ ,jacoponus ) a kiss ( peace4 ,!n he adm9i/]$ ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,& !reupon ! fail+ s+]1 8 desire be+ at la/ fulfill$1 sang ! ,jesu no/ra fidanza & relaps$ into sil5ce = a "t4 ,!n he exhort$ ^? ab\t him to live holy lives1 &1 lift+ 8 h&s t[>d heav51 g5tly expir$4 ,x 0 on ,*ri/mas eve &1 9 ! neighbor+ *ur*1 ! *oir _h j begun to *ant ! ,gloria 9 ,excelsis4 ,two hundr$ & n9ety ye>s aft] 8 dea? 8 tomb/one & its inscription 7 plac$4 ,! words1 :5 r5d]$ f ,lat9 into ,engli%1 are ^!3 8,! bones ( ! bless$ ,jacoponus de ,b5$ictis ( ,todi1 :o1 a fool = ,*ri/'s sake1 delud$ ! _w by a new art & took heav5 by =ce40 ,!re is 9 ! ,l5ox ,gall]y a small picture by ,zamacois1 :i* repres5ts a je/] lean+ aga9/ a head ( ,pan4 ,! rude1 brok5 bu/ /&s on an antique p$e/al1 its m\?1 9 its half-tragic1 half-comic curves1 appe>+ to :isp] into ! e> ( its companion4 ,he1 sc>let-clad & ) 8 bauble sw++ idly 9 8 h&s1 incl9es 8 head t[>d x & seems 9 a sad gravity to li/5 to its words4 ,!re1 inde$1 d ,i see ,jacoponus6 ,! eag] he>t ( ! great misund]/ood1 inconsi/5t1 va91 & empty ,_w tells him ( its no?+ness--a brok5 & ab&on$ deity des]t$ 9 its g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,an inexpressible sadness comes ov] me4 ,quietly ,i put by ! ,/abat ,mat]2 ,i d n love x6--b ,i close ! page s(tly ov] ! poor mad prophet :o re/s 8 we>y head on ! /eps ( ,solomon's ?rone4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,?omas ,,kempis4 ,! contributions ( ,holl& to ! devotional poetry ( ,*ri/5dom h n be5 ext5sive2 b 9 ! ,middle ,ages %e c\ld %[ sev]al ,lat9 hymn-writ]s4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ^!1 h[ev]1 is by f> m fam\s = 8 prose works4 ,?omas ,hem]k51 call$ aft]w>d ,?omas ,kempis1 0 n by bir? a ,holl&]4 ,he 0 born 9 #acgi or #achj at ,kemp51 a small city 9 ! diocese ( ,koeln 7,cologne71 n f> f :at became ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ! two nations4 ,b 9 ^? days1 &1 inde$1 until ! ,peace ( ,we/phalia1 ,holl&1 l ,switz]l&1 0 reckon$ a "p ( ,g]many4 ,8 fa!r1 ,john ,hem]k51 0 an artisan ( ! poor] class1 probably a silv]smi?2 & bo? 8 p>5ts 7 dev\t & ,god-fe>+ p4 ,8 eld] bro!r ,john _h gone to ,dev5t] to obta9 an education1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! times1 :5 boys w&]$ f city to city 9 se>* ( in/ruction1 & support$ !mselves by s++1 begg+1 & sometimes by ?iev+4 ,b at ,dev5t] ,john _h fall5 9 ) "s good p :o _h pity ^u ^! w&]+ s*ol>s1 & _h made arrangem5ts to furni% !m lodg+s & copy+-"w 9 addition to :at !y w\ld e>n by s++ 9 ! *oir4 ,! *ief p]son 9 ?is gr\p 0 ,g]>d ,groote1 a man ( weal?y family & "s /range vicissitudes 9 life4 ,he _h /udi$ at ! univ]sities ( ,p>is & ,prague1 & _h tak5 m9or ord]s to qualify himself to hold ! two canonries family influ5ce secur$ to him1 b )\t giv+ any indication ( a vocation to ! sacr$ (fice4 ,he seems ev5 to h l$ a dissolute life4 ,!n a great *ange came ov] him1 *iefly ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( a fri5d ( 8 y\? nam$ ,h5ry ,eg]1 n[ ! prior ( a ,ci/]cian conv5t at ,munkhuis54 ,g]>d resign$ 8 b5efices1 & sp5t five ye>s 9 a mona/ic retreat1 f :i* he em]g$ z a zeal\s prea*] ( ! ,gospel to ! cl]gy & p ( :at n[ is ,holl&1 us+ bo? ,lat9 & ,dut* z occasion s]v$4 ,he especially dwelt on ! utt] worldl9ess ( t dre>y "t1 :5 prie/s1 nobles1 & tradesm5 alike _h lo/ all idea ( s]v+ ,god & m51 & _h set up ga9 & pleasure z ! recogniz$ ends ( life4 ,8 %>p rebukes1 & 8 exaltation ( humility1 simplicity1 & pov]ty1 attract$ ! l[] classes1 b r\s$ ! opposition ( bo? ! burgh]s & ! ,m5dicants aga9/ him4 ,aft] a brief & /ormy c>e] he 0 sil5c$ by ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,utre*t1 & 0 oblig$ to f9d v5t = 8 zeal 9 "s o!r *annel4 ,8 purity & unworldl9ess _h ga!r$ ar\nd him1 9 8 native ,dev5t]1 m5 & wom5 l-m9d$ ) him1 :o1 accord+ to ! t5d5cy ( ! "t1 drift$ naturally into a k9d ( mona/ic life4 ,bro!r-h\ses & si/]-h\ses 7 organiz$1 & !y became kn[n z ! ,bre?r5 & ,si/]s ( ! ,common ,life4 ,!y took no v[s1 & yet practis$ celibacy1 common own]%ip & labor1 & ob$i5ce to ! rector ( ! h\se4 ,!y adopt$ no common dress1 b came to we> ! simple/ gray robe ( ! same cut4 ,bo? laym5 & cl]gy liv$ toge!r 9 ! bro!r-h\ses1 & ea* took 8 turn 9 ! common s]vices ( ! bro!rhood4 ,!y obs]v$ no canonical h\rs beyond :at ! ,*ur* exact$ ( ! prie/s among !m4 ,!y assum$ none ( ! pr(essions ( ! monks1 & yet !y realiz$ ! monki% ideal bett] ?an did ! monks !mselves4 ,! f\r pr9ciples :i* gov]n$ ,g]>d's own life & became ! f\r corn]-/ones ( ?is frat]nity1 7 8contempt ( ! _w & ( self1 imitation ( ! l[ly life ( ,*ri/1 good-w1 & ! grace ( dev\tness0 7contemptus mundi et sui ipsius1 imitatio humilis vitae ,*ri/i1 bona voluntas1 gratia devotionis74 ,all ?is 0 summ$ up 9 ! phrase mod]na devotio1 us$ bo? by ! bre?r5 & ! outside _w to designate ! di/9ctive "* ( ! ord]4 ,! exp]i5ce ,*ri/5dom _h _h ( ! results ( m5dicancy l$ ,groote & 8 associates to base ! new bro!rhood on hone/ labor4 ,! %ape ?is took reflects 8 own "*4 ,he 0 a great book-lov]--semp] av>us et p]av>us librorum1 he says himself4 ,:5 9 p]il ( 8 life 9 a /orm by sea1 he manag$ to save ! six books he _h ) him4 ,he possess$ a consid]able libr>y1 & :5 ! bro!rhood came to adopt ! pr9ciple ( community ( goods1 he & ! re/ put _! books into ! common /ock4 ,& all :o 7 able to write 7 to labor 9 copy+ books = sale--! cl]gy 9 ,lat91 ! laym5 9 ,dut*4 ,x 0 ?is employm5t he ext5d$ to ! poor s*ol>s ( ! ,dev5t] s*ool4 ,inde$1 x seems n improbable t he began x ) !m1 & t ! fir/ bro!rhood 0 compos$ ( "y fri5ds ( ?is class1 :o _h gr[n to manhood 9 ?is employm5t4 ,x is c]ta9 t 9 ,dev5t]1 9 ,zwolle1 & = all we "k 9 ! o!r cities :]e ! bro!rhood took root1 ne> by ! bro!r-h\se /ood a poor-s*ol>s' h\se1 9 :i* ! boys att5d+ ! s*ool ( ! city 7 lodg$1 kept "u discipl9e1 & to "s degree giv5 "w also4 ,b ! ,bre?r5 ( ! ,common ,life 7 n an educat+ body1 z has be5 v g5]ally suppos$4 ,!y aim$ only at sav+ boys f ! moral injury :i* too (t5 att5d$ _! homeless life1 at keep+ good discipl9e ov] !m1 & at imp>t+ moral & religi\s tra9+4 ,!y aim$ to d = ! s*ool-boys :at ! f\nd]s ( colleges 9 ! univ]sities ( ,ox=d1 ,cambridge1 & ,p>is tri$ to d = ! myriads ( /ud5ts :o liv$ l vagrants 9 ^? seats ( le>n+4 ,b be=e ,g]>d ,groote di$ ! "q 0 rais$ :e!r x w\ld n be advisable to e/abli% a /rictly mona/ic ord] ( life = ^? ( ! bre?r5 :o felt a vocation to x4 ,to ?is he agre$1 b dissuad$ 8 fri5ds f adopt+ ! sev]e rules ( ! ,ci/]cians & ! ,c>?usians = ! new ord]4 ,r he sugge/$ t ( ! ,canons ,regul> "u ! rule ( ,/4 ,augu/9e z pref]able1 s9ce x w\ld be m 9 keep+ ) ! _s ( ! bro!rhood1 & w\ld b9d on no "o too heavy burd5s4 ,?is advice m>ks an advance ^u ,dom9ic1 ,francis1 & ! 8re=m]s0 ( ! ,b5$ict9e & ,m5dicant ord]s1 9 an evangelical direction4 ,!y all s\ght progress to p]fection 9 deep] au/]ity4 ,9 8 case ! pref]5ce p]haps 0 caus$ by 8 fri5d%ip = ! mona/]y ( ,canons ,regul> at ,gro55dal1 9 ,fl&]s1 ^: prior 0 ,jan ,rusbroek1 ! great ,flemi% my/ic4 ,g]>d made sev]al visits to ,gro55dal aft] 8 conv]sion1 & translat$ two ( 8 fri5d's books into ,lat94 ,g]>d ,groote 0 c>ri$ (f by ! great pe/il5ce ( #achd1 9 8 =ty-f\r? ye>4 ,b he left ! "w 9 good h&s1 = a ,dev5t] prie/ nam$ ,flor5s ,radew9zoon succe$$ him z rector ( ! bro!r-h\se1 & proce$$ ) ! build+ ( ! new mona/]y at ,w9de%eim1 ne> ,dev5t]4 ,x 0 op5$ 9 #achf1 & ,john ,kempis1 :o _h become a memb] ( ! bro!rhood1 0 "o ( ! six :o fir/ assum$ ! mona/ic v[s4 ,x 0 six ye>s lat]1 9 #acib1 t ,?omas set out to seek 8 bro!r at ,dev5t]2 = al?\gh ! di/ance 0 n mu* ov] a hundr$ miles1 he _h he>d no?+ ( ,john's pr(ession at ,w9de%eim1 s unc]ta9 & irregul> 7 ! means ( communication4 ,on le>n+ :at _h happ5$1 he proce$$ to ,w9de%eim1 :]e 8 bro!r welcom$ him w>mly4 ,b !re 0 no s*ool at ,w9de%eim1 & ,john advis$ him to return to ,dev5t] to att5d ! city s*ool & place himself "u ! c>e ( ,flor5s4 ,he did s & became an inmate ( ! poor-s*ol>s' h\se1 :i* _h be5 giv5 to ! bro!rhood by a dev\t matron ( ! city4 ,"h he liv$ = six ye>s1 att5d+ s*ool "u ,ma/] ,johann ,boehme1 s++ 9 ! *oir ( ! *ur* ( :i* ,flor5s 0 vic>1 & e>n+ a little money by copy+ books = him4 ,! good rector %[$ him v great k9dness1 & 9 #acih1 :5 8 s*ool /udies 7 complete1 he receiv$ him into ! bro!rhood4 ,! ye> be=e ?is ano!r pe/il5ce _h visit$ ,dev5t]1 c>ry+ (f ,johann ,kessel1 ! sa9tly cook ( ! bro!r-h\se1 & pro/rat+ ,?omas himself1 :o recov]$ ) difficulty4 ,inde$1 x seem$ z ?\gh ! bro!rhood w\ld become ext9ct1 & ,flor5s & six o!rs )drew = a "t f ! plague-smitt5 city to gu>d aga9/ ?is cata/rophe4 ,9 #acii ,?omas1 at ,flor5s's in/ance1 decid$ to assume ! mona/ic v[s4 ,a second h\se ( ! ord] _h be5 e/abli%$ at ,agniet5b]g 7or ,m\nt ,/4 ,agnes7 ne> ! city ( ,zwolle4 ,( ?is ,john ,kempis _h be5 made ! second prior 9 #acih1 & held t (fice until #adjh4 ,?i!r ,?omas proce$$ 9 #acii1 /opp+ at ,zwolle to obta9 ! indulg5ce lately proclaim$ by ! ,pope = ! b5efit ( a new *ur* 9 t city4 ,aft] a novitiate ( sev5 ye>s he took ! v[s 9 #adjf1 & 9 #adad 0 orda9$ to ! prie/hood4 ,! mona/ic life is /udi\sly & int5tionally monoton\s4 ,x aims at ! exclusion ( all t gives ze/ & int]e/ to ord9>y exi/5ce1 & at ! r$uction ( life's employm5ts to a r\t9e4 ,its v>iety & color are to be s\ght 9 ! inn] life ( its memb]s1 & t ( ,?omas 0 n want+ 9 ^! elem5ts4 ,if 8 inn] exp]i5ce be reflect$ 9 8 ,soliloquy ( ! ,s\l1 he pass$ ?r\gh ^? %ift+ seasons ( gloom & gladness :i* *>act]ize ! exp]i5ce ( an introv]t$ religion4 ,8 religi\s "* 0 =m$ on ! l9es ( ! mod]n devotion1 z def9$ by ,g]>d ,groote1 & z reflect$ 9 ! lives & ! writ+s ( ,flor5s ,radew9zoon1 ,g]>d ,z]bolt1 ,johann ,m&e1 ,g]la* ,pet]szoon1 & ,johann ,br9ck]9ck1 ! e>li] notable m5 ( ! bro!rhood or ( ! ,w9de%eim congregation4 ,8 0 n a bold & orig9ative m9d to /rike out new pa?s = himself4 ,he _h n ev5 ^? gifts ( practical adm9i/ration = :i* ,flor5s1 ,john ,kempis1 & o!rs ( ! ord] 7 notable4 ,ev5 :5 he _h atta9$ recognition z ! mo/ em95t man at ,agniet5b]g1 8 bre?r5 twice pass$ him by 9 select+ _! prior1 & nev] gave him any dignity high] ?an ! sub-priorate1 :i* probably 0 a s9ecure4 ,an e>ly biograph] goes s f> z to describe him z sitt+ sil5t :5ev] ord9>y & worldly matt]s 7 discuss$1 because ( 8 ignorance ( ! v t]ms us$ at su* times4 ,b ?is is an exagg]ation4 ,8 ,*ronicle ( ! ,mona/]y ( ,mt4 ,/4 ,agnes %[s him tak+ a mild & n un9tellig5t int]e/ 9 ! secul> side ( ! mona/ic life1 & %>+ ! joy ( 8 bre?r5 9 ! f9e apple-crop or ! l>ge take ( fi%1 & ! l4 ,b ?is ,*ronicle %[s h[ limit$ 8 range ( vision & int]e/4 ,he liv$ ?r\gh ! ,papal ,s*ism1 ! ,asiatic conque/s ( ,tim\r1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance1 ! ,hussite w>s1 ,h5ry ! ,fif?'s invasion ( ,france1 ! exploits ( ,jeanne d',arc1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,basle1 ! rise ( ! ,m$ici 9 ,flor5ce1 & ( ! ,du*y ( ,burgundy1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,flor5ce1 ! exploits ( ,sc&]b]g & ,hunyadi ,janos1 ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses1 ! revival ( lett]s1 ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 ! fall ( ,con/ant9ople1 ! ,flor5t9e ,academy1 ! ,portuguese discov]ies 9 ! ,atlantic1 & mu* m t might be ?\ght likely to be discuss$ ev5 )9 ! walls ( a ,dut* mona/]y4 ,b ! record is sil5t z to all ^! ?+s2 = ! mo/ "p !y are "p ( ! do+s ( t 8_w0 :i* ! disciples ( ! mod]n devotion tra9$ !mselves to despise4 ,no d\bt ! great "q ( ! ,papal ,s*ism 0 ( int]e/ at ,agniet5b]g1 & also ! two great c\ncils :i* br\ght x to an end4 ,at ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance ! ,bre?r5 ( ! ,common ,life 7 arraign$ by a zeal\s ,m5dicant z violat+ ,*ur* law by obs]v+ ! ?ree rules ( ! mona/ic life )\t belong+ to any recogniz$ ord]4 ,b ?is ,m5dicant notion 0 decl>$ h]etical1 ?anks to two great ,fr5* doctors1 ,pi]re d',ailly & ,john ,g]son1 ! second ( :om 0 to be associat$ s closely ) ,?omas 9 a fam\s controv]sy4 ,9 #adbg ! tr\bles ( ! outside _w did rea* ! conv5t at ,agniet5b]g & its associates4 ,!re _h be5 a disput$ election to ! pr9cely diocese ( ,utre*t1 !n "o ( ! l>ge/ & weal?ie/ 9 ,lat9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,! ,pope recogniz$ "o c&idate & ! p ( ! cities ano!r4 ,to break d[n _! ob/9acy ! diocese 0 laid "u an int]dict1 :i* put an end to e act ( public wor%ip4 ,!reupon ! bro!rhood & ! ord] 7 giv5 _! *oice by ! citiz5s1 ei!r to g on ) _! s]vices z usual 9 *ur* & *apel1 or to leave ! diocese4 ,) "o cons5t !y *ose ! latt] alt]native1 & 9 #adbi !y di/ribut$ !mselves among ! associat$ bro!r-h\ses & mona/]ies outside ! diocese4 ,! tw5ty-f\r cl]ical & lay bre?r5 ( ,agniet5b]g f\nd a home at ,luv5k]k 9 ,friesl&1 9 a disord]$ mona/]y :i* _h be5 plac$ "u ! rule ( ! ,w9de%eim congregation1 & :i* !y us$ ?is opportunity to re=m4 ,aft] ?ree ye>s ( exile !y 7 all[$ to return1 a new ,pope hav+ yield$ to ! p4 ,b ,?omas did n return s soon1 = he _h be5 call$ away to ,arnheim to ! dea?-b$ ( 8 bro!r ,john1 ! bro!r he _h f\nd at ,w9de%eim in/ead ( ,dev5t]1 & "u ^: prior%ip at ,agniet5b]g he took ! v[s4 ,9 #adea ,dev5t] 0 visit$ by a great ,*ur*man & notable ?9k]1 ! ,c>d9al ,nicolas ( ,cusa1 :o1 l ,?omas1 0 born ea/ ( :at is n[ ! ,g]man fronti]1 b _h receiv$ 8 s*ool+ 9 ,dev5t]1 :]e he le>n$ to love & honor ! ,bre?r5 ( ! ,common ,life4 ,he came n[ z papal legate to re=m ! abuses :i* _h aris5 9 ! *ur*es ( ,g]many dur+ ! great s*ism2 & :5 he came to 8 lov$ ,dev5t] he ha/5$ to indicate 8 especial reg>d = 8 old fri5ds4 ,he grant$ a special indulg5ce to bo? ! bro!rhood & ! ord]1 & p]mitt$ ! ,w9de%eim congregation to e/abli% a second congregation1 ) equal privileges1 to accommodate ! rapidly increas+ numb] ( conv5ts ( ,canons ,regul>4 ,?omas surviv$ 8 bro!r by ne>ly =ty ye>s4 ,8 cloi/] life mov$ on ?r\gh ?ree decades ) ! ext]nal monotony ( an exi/5ce subject$ to rule4 ,five ye>s ( ! =ty 7 ye>s ( pe/il5ce & popul> di/ress1 :i* he duly *ronicles4 ,b ! only real int]ruption ( 8 r\t9e :i* /ill has a liv+ int]e/ 0 8 acqua9tance ) "y ,johan ,wessel1 :o came to pursue 8 /udies 9 ,zwolle1 be+ drawn by ! *>m ( ! ,imitation into ! neighborhood ( its au?or4 ,?is probably 0 ab\t #adfj1 :5 he s\ght & made ,?omas's acqua9tance1 & (t5 conv]s$ ) him ^u ! greate/ ( !mes4 ,b ! e>lie/ biography ( ,wessel belongs to ! next c5tury1 & is by a ,prote/ant pa/or 9 ,brem52 s ! /atem5ts t ,wessel f\nd ,?omas & 8 bro!r monks all too sup]/iti\s1 & rebuk$ ! ,m>iolatry ( ! au?or ( ! ,imitation1 are op5 to d\bt4 ,t ,wessel1 ! =]unn] ( ,lu!r1 influ5c$ ,?omas 9 ! writ+ ( ! ,imitation is a palpable absurdity4 ,= a %ort "t he 0 procurator or /ew>d ( ! mona/]y1 a task :i* mu/ h be5 uncong5ial to him1 b :i* he w\ld dis*>ge ) 8 be/ dilig5ce1 z 8 fir/ biograph]1 ,jodocus ,badius ,asc5sius1 says he did4 ,!n he 0 sub-prior a second "t 9 #addh4 ,! *ronicle ( ,m\nt ,/4 ,agnes ends ) ,janu>y #ag?1 #adga2 its au?or di$ ,july #bf? ( ! same ye>4 ,8 heal? _h be5 s+ul>ly good1 b t[>d ! close ( 8 life he suff]$ f dropsy4 ,8 eyesight nev] fail$ him1 & he reta9$ all 8 faculties 9 full vigor to ! la/4 ,z ! end drew ne>1 ! s5se ( all he _h be5 to 8 bre?r5 z a fri5d & c\nsellor deep5$ 9 !m at ! prospect ( los+ him4 ,all t _! love c\ld d & 8 ascetic pr9ciples w\ld p]mit1 !y did to light5 ! burd5s & relieve ! pa9s ( 8 illness4 ,he di$ 9 8 n9ety-second ye>1 aft] hav+ be5 sixty-?ree ye>s 9 ! ord] & fifty-eight 9 ! prie/hood4 ,he 0 buri$ )9 ! cloi/]s ( ! mona/]y4 ,!re 8 bones cont9u$ to re/ ev5 aft] ! dissolution ( ! mona/]y at ! ,re=mation 9 #aegc1 & !nce !y 7 dis9t]r$ 9 #afgb & plac$ 9 a %r9e4 ,b no miracles 7 wr\ght at 8 grave or by 8 bones4 ,:atev] ! faults ( ! ,bre?r5 ( ! ,common ,life1 x 0 n 9 ! atmosph]e ( ! mod]n devotion t m5 le>n$ to crave aft] su* evid5ce ( sanctity 9 ! s]vants ( ,god4 ,s ! bro!rhood & its affiliat$ ord] h made no contributions to ! li/ ( ,roman ,ca?olic sa9ts4 ,!re is room 9 t long & motley li/ = ,giovanni da ,capi/rano1 ! cruel & implacable inquisitor1 ^: pa? across ,europe 0 m>k$ ) blood & fire4 ,b none has be5 f\nd = ! g5tle & lov+ ,?omas ,kempis1 :o has woo$ millions ( s\ls to a clos] communion ) 8 ,ma/]1 & ^: own life prea*$ humility1 pati5ce1 g5tl5ess1 r5unciation ( ! _w1 con=mity to ! w ( ,god1 & lik5ess to ,*ri/1 z di/9ctly z does 8 great book4 ,well1 he is cont5t4 ,ama nesciri--love to be unkn[n--0 a precept (t5 on 8 lips & illu/rat$ 9 8 life4 ,( small matt] to him w\ld h be5 ! attempt to d5y 8 au?or%ip ( ! ,imitation1 & ! controv]sy ( two c5turies' duration x provok$4 ,( no great] mom5t ! refusal ( ! "n ( sa9t to "o ^: only miracles 7 wr\ght ^u ! spirits ( 8 bre?r54 ,b ! ,*ur* ca?olic says ( him1 8,surely ?is 0 a holy man ( ,god40 ,:ile ! copy+ ( books 0 ! g5]al employm5t ( ! bro!rhood & ( ! ord]1 !re 0 f ! fir/ a good deal ( indep5d5t au?or%ip among !m1 & always on ! l9es ( ! 8mod]n devotion40 ,groote himself labor$ *iefly by prea*+ & correspond5ce4 ,b "s ( 8 lett]s are tracts 9 t =m1 & _h a wide circulation z su*4 ,flor5s 0 n mu* ev5 ( a lett]-writ]1 b he wrote "o devotional tract :i* has be5 discov]$4 ,x 0 9 ,g]>d ,z]bolt ( ,zutph51 8 alt]a manus1 t he f\nd a fit organ = ! expression ( 8 ideas 9 writ+4 ,to u ,prote/ants ,z]bolt is memorable z ! au?or ( a treatise ass]t+ ! "r & duty ( unle>n$ m5 to h good books--! ,bible & _! pray]-books includ$--9 _! own tongue4 ,b he 0 mu* bett] kn[n by 8 writ+ c]ta9 widely circulat$ books ( devotion--mod]n1 ( c\rse4 ,h5drik ,m&e1 ! ,se]1 0 a ,w9de%eim monk ^: my/icism took ! bold] & m ec/atic flight ( ,rusbroek1 & l ,rusbroek he f\nd 8 native tongue m suitable ?an ,lat94 ,la/ly1 ,g]la* ,pet]szoon1 sometimes call$ 8! second ,?omas ,kempis10 al?\gh he di$ 9 #adaa1 be=e ,?omas himself _h become an au?or1 wrote 9 bo? ,lat9 & ,dut* sundry works1 "o ( :i* /ill is repr9t$ = edification ev5 by ,prote/ants4 ,?r\gh all ?is lit]ature runs ! same /ra9 ( ?\ght & feel+1 9 spite ( p]sonal diff]5ces4 ,!y all insi/ on a deep] r5unciation ( ! _w ?an is satisfi$ by any ext]nal mona/ic compliances4 ,!y all hold =? ! imitation ( ,*ri/'s humility & meekness z ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,!y all insi/ on devotion to ! w ( ,god & good-w to m5 z ! two ess5tial *annels 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian life mu/ run4 ,?omas ,kempis's works z a :ole fit into ! writ+s ( ?is gr\p ( disciples ( ,g]>d ,groote1 j z 8 ,imitation ( ,*ri/ fits into ! re/ ( 8 works4 ,he simply is ! be/ writ] !y _h1 z ! ,imitation is ! be/ ?+ he ev] wrote4 ,if none ( ! _m manuscripts ( ! ,imitation bore 8 "n1 z ne>ly all ( !m d2 & if none ( ! contempor>ies :o knew him _h c]tifi$ to 8 au?or%ip ( x1 z s _m ( !m d2 & if none ( ! pr9t$ editions bore 8 "n1 z tw5ty-"o ( ! fifte5? c5tury & =ty ( ! sixte5? d1 we /ill w\ld h be5 oblig$ to ascribe x to him4 ,no o!r c5tury ?an 8 c\ld h produc$ x4 ,x reflects ! ideas ( no o!r gr\p ?an t ( ! disciples ( ,g]>d & ,flor5s4 ,! v title1 ,de ,imitatione ,*ri/i1 et de ,contemptu ,omnium ,vanitatum ,mundi1 expresses ! tw(old aspect ( ! mod]na devotio ( :i* ,g]>d & ,flor5s 7 ! sponsors4 ,among ^? disciples !re is no "o b ! au?or ( ! ,soliloquy ( ! ,s\l & ! ,valley ( ,lilies1 to :om we c\ld give x4 ,x diff]s no m 9 po9t ( wor? f ,?omas's o!r books ?an does ! ,pilgrim's ,progress f ,bunyan's o!r writ+s1 ,grace ,ab\nd+ always except$4 ,:ile x is by 8 =mal hymns ,?omas ,kempis acquires 8 "r to a place "h1 x is true at ! same "t t ! ,imitation itself is a great ,*ri/ian poem1 n only 9 sub/ance b 9 =m4 ,a ,belgian1 :o 0 8 contempor>y1 says he _h writt5 ! book metrice1 or 9 rhy?m & rhyme4 ,z x 0 pr9t$ always z prose until our own times1 ?is /atem5t 0 some:at puzzl+1 z 0 ! title1 ,musica ,ecclesia/ica1 f\nd 9 "s ( ! manuscripts4 ,b ,rev4 ,k>l ,hirs*e1 ,lu!ran pa/or 9 ,hamburg1 has v9dicat$ bo? expressions by %[+ t ,?omas has foll[$ su* models z ! sequ5ce1 ,victimae pas*ali1 9 ! composition ( 8 "w4 ,& he has giv5 u an edition bas$ on ,?omas's autograph ( ! ye> #adda1 9 :i* ?is peculi>ity is made visible4#ae ,x is true t ?is way ( writ+ :at we may call rhym$ & rhy?mical prose is n conf9$ to ,?omas or to ! ,imitation among 8 works4 ,among o!rs ,jan van ,s*oonhoov51 a ,belgian disciple ( ,jan ,rusbroek's1 uses ?is =m frequ5tly2 & ,pa/or ,hirs*e has po9t$ out its frequ5cy 9 o!rs ( ,?omas's works4 ,b 9 no o!r book approa*+ ! ,imitation 9 l5g? is ! re/riction ( rhy?m & rhyme s /eadily accept$4 ,z an in/ance1 take ?is brief passage f ! fif? *apt] ( ! ?ird book3 8,amans volat1 currit1 et laetatur2 ,lib] e/1 et non t5etur ,dat omnia pro omnibus1 ,et habet omnia 9 omnibus2 ,quia 9 uno summo sup] omnia quiescit ,ex quo omne bonum fluit et proc$it4 ,non respecit ad dona ,s$ ad donantem se conv]tit sup] omnia bona4 ,amor modo saepe nescit1 ,s$ sup] omnem modum f]vescit4 ,amor onus non s5tit1 ,labores non reputat2 ,plus affectat quam valet2 ,de impossibilitate non causatur ,quia cuncta sibi posse et lic]e arbitrator40 ,or 9 ,rev4 ,w4 ,b5ham's admirable v]sion3 8,he :o love? flye?1 runne?1 & is glad2 he is free & n h9d]$4 ,he give? all ?+s = all ?+s1 & has all ?+s 9 all ?+s1 because he re/e? 9 ,"o :o is high above all1 f :om e good fl[e? & proce$e?4 ,he looke? n = gifts1 b turne? himself to ! ,giv]1 above all good ?+s4 ,love (t5times kn[e? no measure1 b breake? out above all measure2 love feele? no burd51 reckone? n labors1 /rive? aft] m ?an x is able to d1 pleade? n impossibility1 because x judge? all ?+s :i* are lawful = x to be possible40#af ,! ,imitation has obta9$ a place next to ! ,bible 9 ! devotional lit]ature ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! fact t ! au?or 0 a ,roman ,ca?olic & t ! f\r? book is a prep>ation = ! dev\t reception ( ! ,eu*>i/ 9 accordance ) ! ,roman ,ca?olic !ory ( its nature1 has n prev5t$ /an* ,prote/ants f translat+ & comm5d+ x4 ,dr4 ,*alm]s wrote a comm5datory preface to a ,scot* repr9t ( ,john ,payne's translation4 ,& 9 ,g]many1 ,holl&1 & ,engl& ! ,prote/ant v]sions h f> exce$$ ^? made by ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,! fir/ ,prote/ant v]sion 0 t f ! m$iaeval into ,cic]onian ,lat91 by ,seba/ian ,ca/ellio 7,basle1 #aeef72 ! second 0 into ,g]man by ! great & good ,john ,arndt4 ,b ! book has a*iev$ a /ill m notable conque/ ?an ?is4 ,9 ,corneille's metrical v]sion 7#afea7 x 0 a favorite ) ,augu/e ,comte1 :o recomm5d$ x to ! ,b5?ami/1 ,sir ,william ,moleswor?1 z well wor? read+4 ,x has obta9$ a sort ( recognition among ,comti/s z a canonical "w1 & selections f x (t5 are read at ! ,positivi/ s]vices4 ,& ,engli% read]s w rememb] ! passage 9 :i* ,george ,eliot1 writ+ 9 ,comte's _s1 describes its effect on ! s5sitive _s ( ,maggie ,tulliv]3 8,%e knew no?+ ( doctr9es & sy/ems--( my/icism or quietism2 b ?is voice out ( ! f>-(f ,middle ,ages 0 ! direct human communication ( a human s\l's belief & exp]i5ce1 & came to ,maggie z an unque/ion$ message4 8,i suppose t is ! reason :y ! small1 old-fa%ion$ book1 = :i* y ne$ pay only sixp5ce at a book-/all1 works miracles to ?is day1 turn+ bitt] wat]s into sweetness1 :ile exp5sive s]mons & treatises1 newly issu$1 leave all ?+s z !y 7 be=e4 ,x 0 writt5 d[n by a h& t wait$ = ! he>t's prompt+2 x is ! *ronicle ( a solit>y hidd5 angui%1 /ruggle1 tru/1 & triumph--n writt5 on velvet cu%ions to tea* endurance to ^? :o are tread+ ) ble$+ feet on ! /ones4 ,& s x rema9s to all "t a la/+ record ( human ne$s & consolations2 ! voice ( a bro!r :o1 ages ago1 felt & suff]$ & r5\nc$1 9 ! cloi/]1 p]haps1 ) s]ge g[n & tonsur$ head1 ) mu* *ant+ & long fa/s1 & ) a fa%ion ( spee* diff]5t f ours1 b "u ! same sil5t1 f>-(f heav5s1 & ) ! same passionate desires1 & ) ! same /riv+s1 ! same failures1 ! same we>9ess40--,! ,mill on ! ,floss1 ,book ,,iv41 *ap4 #c4 ,all true2 b less ?an ! tru?2 = ,?omas's p[] lies n 9 ^! negations1 b 9 8 p]sonal relation to 8! supreme1 invisible ,tea*]1 ! patt]n ( sorr[1 ! s\rce ( all /r5g?10 f :om ,m>ian ,evans turn$ away to fill up h] life ) 8ye>n+s & /riv+s & failures10 :ile h] only com=t 0 9 ! consid]ation t %e _h /ill$ h] pa9 by no 8false anodynes40 ,x is a little unc]ta9 at :at "t ! ,imitation 0 writt54 ,x seems n improbable t x 0 begun 9 ,?omas's y\?1 :5 he _h assum$ or 0 ab\t to assume ! responsibilities ( ! prie/hood4 ,a l(ty reg>d = ! sanctity ( t (fice 0 "o ( ! traditions ( ! bro!rhood4 ,groote himself1 9 view ( ! /a9s ( 8 e>li] life1 nev] w\ld assume x1 al?\gh 8 ord9ation w\ld h enabl$ him to resume 8 "w ( prea*+ ?r\gh ! ,ar*diocese ( ,utre*t4 ,he nev] 0 m ?an deacon1 & ! ord] :i* sil5c$ him m]ely =bade deacons to prea* )\t especial p]mission4 ,x is n impossible t 9 ! case ( ,?omas1 z 9 t ( ,lu!r1 ! responsibility seem$ great] ?an he c\ld be>1 & t x drove him into a clos] & m consecrat$ fell[%ip ) 8 ,ma/]1 :i* bore fruit 9 ! fir/ book ( ?is wond]ful manual4 ,he 0 orda9$ prie/ 9 #adad2 !re seems good reason to believe t ?is fir/ book--! ,imitation prop]--0 kn[n & read at ,w9de%eim1 & ev5 translat$ into ,dut* by ,jan ,scutk51 z e>ly z ! ye> #adbj2 & t ! o!r ?ree 7 writt51 ea* z an indep5d5t "w1 be=e #adbe1 & !n unit$ z "o manual ( devotion4#ag ,! olde/ manuscript ( ! ,lat9 /ill 9 exi/5ce be>s ! date #adbe1 & te/ifies to 8 au?or%ip4 ,! olde/ 9 ,?omas's own h&writ+ 0 made 9 #adda1 & =ms "p ( a s]ies ( 8 works1 :i* he !n collect$ probably = ! fir/ "t4 ,( ,?omas's purely poetical works1 besides a few hortatory poems & anagrams on ! names ( ! sa9ts1 !re 7 kn[n until rec5tly sixte5 ,cantica ,spiritualia1 to wit3 ,adv]sa mundi tol]a1 ,agnetis ,*ri/i virg9is1 ,ama ,jesum cum ,agnete1 ,ave flor5s rosa1 ,*ri/e ,r$emptor omnium1 ,v]e salus1 ,*ri/e sanctorum gloria1 ,et piorum1 ,cives coeli att5dite1 ,en virg9is ,caeciliae1 ,gaude1 mat] ,ecclesia1 ,de praecursoris1 ,jesu ,salvador seculi1 ,o dulcissime ,jesu1 ,o ,jesu mi dulcissime1 ,spes et solam51 ,o qualis quantaque laetitia1 ,o v]a summa ,tr9itas1 ,tota vita ,jesu ,*ri/i1 ,vitam ,jesu /ude imit>i4 ,9 #ahhb ,fa!r ,o4 ,a4 ,spitz5 f\nd 9 a manuscript 9 ,zwolle t5 o!r ,cantica ,spiritualia1 :i* he publi%$ t ye> z ! "w ( ,?omas ,kempis1 to wit3 ,angelorum si hab]em1 ,creatur>um omnium m]ita1 ,cum sub cruce s$et mo]5s1 ,j]usalem gloriosa1 ,mirum e/ si non lugeat1 ,nec quisquam oculis vidit1 ,o quid laudis1 quis honoris1 ,quanta ,mihi cura de te1 ,s]ve meus noli metu]e1 ,ubi modo e/ ,jesus1 ubi e/ ,m>ia4 ,six ( ^! _h already appe>$ 9 ,mone's collection1 & cr$it$ to a fifte5? c5tury manuscript f\nd at ,c>lsruhe1 a fact :i* does n militate aga9/ ,spitz5's view ( _! au?or%ip4 ,! latt] f\nd !m along ) ! hymns g5]ally ascrib$ to ,?omas 9 a ,,ms4 :i* _h belong$ to ! bro!r-h\se 9 ,zwolle1 & _h be5 writt5 9 ! latt] half ( t c5tury1 probably betwe5 #adgg & #adhc4 ,mo/ ( !m be> ! e>-m>ks ( ,?omas's /yle1 & h a congruity ) ! matt] ( 8 works :i* l5ds probability to ,fa!r ,spitz5's conjecture4 ,( all ^! hymns two only h atta9$ any recognition z contributions to ! sacr$ songs ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,^! two are ! ,adv]sa mundi tol]a1 :i* is r an exhortation 9 ! tone ( ! ,imitation ?an a hymn2 & ! ,o qualis quantaque laetitia1 bett] kn[n1 ?r\gh ! g5]al omission ( its fir/ v]se1 z ! ,ad/ant angelorum *ori4 ,dr4 ,tr5* well says t ! :ole ( our au?or's poetry w n yield a second passage at all to be comp>$ 9 beauty ) ?is4 ,inde$1 mo/ ( ,?omas's poetry lacks ! inspiration :i* *>act]izes 8 be/ prose4 ,he is a poet 9 prose & a prosy poet1 & writes 9 v]se because he has be5 requir$ to fill up "s empty place 9 ! hymn-li/ ( 8 mona/]y4 ,8 acqua9tance ) ! hymn-writ]'s art is b\nd$ by 8 daily famili>ity ) ! hymns ( 8 brevi>y1 & he betrays ! fact by />t+ f ! fir/ l9es ( well-kn[n hymns 9 8 own "w4 ,b 9 ?is hymn on ! joys ( heav5 he = once /ruck ! "r key1 al?\gh ev5 "h he %[s "s /iffness ( ! jo9ts1 l a monk m us$ to a seat 9 ! ,scriptorium ?an to ! saddle ( ,pegasus4 ,! hymn is kn[n to ,engli% read]s by ! admirable v]sion ( ,mrs4 ,*>les3 8,high ! angel *oirs are rais+ ,he>t & voice 9 h>mony40 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,francis ,,xavi]1 ,,mission>y ,,to ,,! ,,indies 7#aejf-eb74 ,no man1 s9ce ! days ( ! ,apo/les1 has be5 m comm5d$ = 8 zeal ?an ,xavi]4 ,he has be5 ! moon ( t 8,society ( ,jesus0 ( :i* ,ignatius ,loyola 0 ! guid+ sun4 ,8 privations1 h]oism1 & success h be5 ! con/ant !me ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,& x is impossible to /udy 8 life )\t a conviction t !re 0 9 x a dev\t & gallant purpose to bless ! _w4 ,our limits & our l9e ( ?\ght alike dem& ( u t we %all n attempt1 9 any exhau/ive =m1 to treat ( ,francis ,xavi] f ! !ologic or controv]sial side4 ,he int]e/s u1 ap>t f 8 p]sonal "*1 simply because two ,lat9 hymns h be5 accr$it$ to 8 p54 ,^! h ! same op5+ l9e1 8,o ,deus ego amo ,te10 b1 aft] ?is exordium1 !y proce$ q diff]5tly4 ,! second ( !m1 z we f9d x plac$ 9 ,daniel's collection1 has receiv$ ! greate/ %>e ( e/eem1 & is kn[n to ! entire _w ( ,engli%-speak+ ,*ri/ians by ! admirable translation ( ,mr4 ,caswall3 8,my ,god1 ,i love !e1 n because ,i seek = heav5 !reby10 etc4 ,!re is good reason to discr$it its au?or%ip1 if ?is be a "q ( accuracy ) u4 ,s*loss]'s language 7,vol4 i41 p4 #djg7 w\ld indicate t he reg>d$ x z 8g5]ally conc$$0 to be ! 8love-sigh ,liebesseufz] ( ! holy ,francis ,xavi]40 ,b no pro( has yet be5 (f]$ :i* positively id5tifies ?is hymn ) its reput$ compos]4 ,its _s--& t ( its companion lyric--is precisely 8 own4 ,b s1 x may be add$1 is ! _s ( t t\*+ poem1 8,i am old & bl9d-- ,m5 po9t to me z /rick5 by ,god's fr[n10 ! same z t ( ,john ,milton1 its once reput$ au?or4 ,no true /ud5t ( ,milton's times or ( ,milton's language 0 ev] deceiv$ by x2 & ! innoc5t & amiable ,quak] lady ( our own c5tury1 :o wrote x1 0 p]fectly guileless 9 ?is imp]sonation ( 8 grief4 ,b1 nev]!less1 x pass$ curr5t = a long "t on ! /r5g? ( "s "o's lit]>y sagacity4 ,?is species ( argum5t is a v common inh]itance to ! editors ( ,lat9 hymns1 f ,?omasius & ,cli*tove d[nw>d4 ,b x is q z unsafe z to assign 8,i am dy+1 ,egypt1 dy+10 to ! actual ,m>k ,antony :5 we "k x to h be5 writt5 by ,william ,h5ry ,lytle1 an ,am]ican1 born 9 #ahbi & dy+ 9 #ahfc4 ,!re=e1 x is sc>cely prop] au?oritatively to accr$it ^! hymns to ,xavi]1 or1 inde$1 to any o!r poet4 ,! utmo/ t we c say = !m is t no "o c prove ! conv]se ( ! proposition1 & t _! /yle & =m are appropriate to ! p]iod at :i* he liv$4 ,he is n kn[n to h writt5 o!r v]ses4 ,^! may h be5 ! only exudations ( t bruis$ & w\nd$ _s :i* h h>d5$ into amb] & ?us h become preci\s to u4 ,& we w\ld pref] to believe t he truly appe>s 9 ^! l9es 9 su* an exquisite my/ic apo!osis r ?an to int]m$dle ) l[] que/ions1 & s1 p]haps1 prev5t any discussion ( himself 9 ^! pages at all4 ,we h be5 prohibit$ by mu* ! same de/ructive analysis f treat+ ( ,augu/9e1 :o nev] wrote a hymn1 & to :om ! ,ad p]5nis vitae fontem has be5 wrongly ascrib$1 = we "k x n[ to be ! und\bt$ composition ( ,/4 ,pet] ,damiani4 ,9 ?is & 9 o!r simil> cases :]e !re is any lit]>y "q conc]n$1 x may be wor? our :ile to inve/igate ) great c>efulness4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! int]nal evid5ce (f]$ 9 ! hymns !mselves w set u on ! true pa?4 ,!y range 9 /ructure f ! l[e/ corundum up to ! *oice/ diamond1 & are z v>i\s z any gems 9 _! prosodic =m & spiritual color4 ,l ^! gems1 also1 !y are notable = v>ieties ( cry/allization--! ,d>k ,ages %[+ imp]fect angles & crude attempts1 & ! ,r5aissance exhibit+ aga9 ! old %>p-cut classicism ( a "t ant]ior ev5 to ,hil>y & ,ambrose4 ,f ! high] critical /&po9t1 !n1 ^! hymns are n unacceptable z ,xavi]'s own "w4 ,!y feel z if !y belong$ to 8 age & to 8 life4 ,!y are transfus$ & %ot ?r\gh by a p]sonal s5se ( absorption into ! div9e love1 :i* has fus$ & cry/alliz$ !m 9 its fi]ce/ heat4 ,x is prop] to inquire1 moreov]1 if ,xavi] did n write !m1 :o did8 ,_! au?or mu/ h be5 z mu* sup]ior to 8 own circum/ances & surr\nd+s z ,xavi] 0 to 82 & he mu/ also h be5 z mu* possess$ by ?is same holy zeal4 ,x is absolutely incr$ible t1 ) ^! qualities giv51 he %\ld n h be5 kn[n to u 9 o!r relations1 &1 soon] or lat]1 id5tifi$ z ! true s\rce ( _! be+4 ,! sixte5? c5tury 0 a "t :5 lit]>y k 0 clos] & ke5] ?an x _h be5 9 ! twelf?1 & a hymn ( t p]iod c\ld n be attribut$ to ,heloise )\t expos+ its own fallacy2 = 9 ! ,requiescat a labore we h su* a comp>atively mod]n lyric1 :i* ,daniel rightly te/s & f9ds want+4 8,x seems to me10 he says1 8t ?is song is ! production ( a lat] age40 ,& he might well say x1 = its cry/allization1 s to speak1 is too accurate1 too _m-sid$1 = x to belong 9 ! twelf? c5tury & to ! sad ,abbess ( ! ,p>aclete4 ,"o _c1 h[ev]1 decl>e ?is s positively ( ,xavi]'s two hymns4 ,9 /yle & composition ! fir/ is inf]ior to ! second2 b bo? h a simplicity & directness ( utt]ance :i* may easily secure t p>don :i* _! rhy?m is faulty en\gh to require4 ,if "o 7 to assign any special date to !m1 x w\ld naturally be 9 ! neighborhood ( t pa!tic little petition :i* comes f ! pray]-book ( ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots4 ,! ,dom9e ,deus1 sp]avi 9 ,te is pit*$ 9 ! same key ) ^!4 ,& z ,m>y liv$ f #aedb to #aehg1 & ,xavi] f #aejf to #aeeb1 !re is c]ta9ly room = ^! two compositions to h be5 prep>$ by ano!r h&1 9 ! days ( en?usiasm ov] 8 triumphant successes & ( sorr[ ov] 8 e>ly dea?4 ,) ^! argum5ts = & aga9/ ! au!nticity ( ! hymns1 we mu/ re/ cont5t4 ,b>toli & ,maffei1 9 _! ,life ( ,xavi]1 are sil5t ^u ! subject2 & ! c>eful ,knigsfeld ent]s ! bett] hymn 9 8 collection z anonym\s4 ,if we reta9 ! reput$ au?or%ip ourselves1 x mu/ be1 !re=e1 r z ,*ri/ians ?an z s*ol>s4 ,b1 hav+ done s1 we are entitl$ to speak ( ,francis ,xavi]1 & ( 8 life & 8 "w4 ,! date ( 8 bir? is app>5tly fix$ by a manuscript note 9 ,spani% 9 a family record possess$ by ! ,xavi]s1 :i* places x ^u ,april #g?1 #aejf4 ,8 fa!r 0 ,don ,john ,giasso1 a man ( legal acquirem5ts & ( good social position4 ,he 0 at "o "t auditor ( ! royal c\ncil "u ,k+ ,john ,,iii4 ,= a wife he *ose ,donna ,m>ia d',azpilqueta y ,xavi]1 & ! *ild ,francis 0 born at ! ca/le ( ,xavi]1 a few miles di/ant f ,pampeluna 9 ,nav>re1 on ! s\!rn slope ( ! ,pyr5ees4 ,he 0 ! y\nge/ ( a l>ge family1 & ! ca/le :]e he saw ! light gave to him ! patronymic by :i* he is always kn[n4 ,! family 7 orig9ally call$ ,asu>ez1 b alt]$ _! "n to ,xavi] :5 ,k+ ,!obald gave !m ?is prop]ty4 ,! "m's title 0 ?us p]petuat$ 9 "o ( h] sons1 b !re seems to be "s confusion /ill rema9+1 = a bro!r ( ! mission>y 0 ,capta9 ,john ,azpilqueta1 :o also app>5tly _h ex*ang$ 8 fa!r's "n ( ,giasso = "o ( ! designations borne by 8 "m4 ,! biographies ( ,francis ,xavi] are naturally ( a k9d to excite ! critical in/9cts ( a s*ol>4 ,!y are1 f ! orig9al life by ,torsell9i1 to ! late/ ,jesuit compilation1 rem>kable = _! en?usiasm & unlimit$ cr$ulity4 ,x is only 9 su* calm] treatises z ^? ( ,nicol9i1 ,/eph51 ,v5n1 & o!rs1 t we get ! m j conception ( 8 "*4 ,b to be entirely fair to him we %\ld take him f ! picture pa9t$ by 8 co-religioni/s1 refus+ only ^? ?+s :i* are manife/ly incongru\s or absurd4 ,! "w ( ,b>toli & ,maffei may1 = example1 be reg>d$ z entirely safe 9 its g5]al /atem5ts4 ,f ! portraits left to u & pres]v$ 9 ! pages ( ,nicol9i & ,mrs4 ,jameson1 we d]ive a vivid impression ( ! man's p]sonal int5sity4 ,8 eyes are deep & ?\ghtful2 8 nose /rong1 r blunt1 & )al sagaci\s2 & 8 face is t ( a my/ic4 ,he is usually repres5t$ z gaz+ upw>d 9 religi\s rapture & 8 lips are p>t$4 ,8 features are m rugg$ & =cible ?an ref9$4 ,!y indicate a rude /r5g? ( body & ( w r ?an a delicate & s5sitive nature4 ,%\ld we h met him p]sonally1 he w\ld h giv5 u ! impression ( an en?usia/1 deeply affectionate & pr(\ndly loyal to any?+ l a milit>y organization4 ,^! op9ions w\ld h be5 approv$ by ! fact4 ,we read t 8 p>5ts desir$ to educate him z a cavali]1 & t he 0 at fir/ in/ruct$ at home 9 ! usual topics4 ,b z he %[$ zeal & intellig5ce he 0 s5t1 9 8 eighte5? ye>1 to ! ,college ( ,/e4 ,b>be at ,p>is4 ,"h he complet$ ! /udy ( philosophy1 receiv$ ! degree ( ,ma/]1 & began to give in/ruction to o!rs4 ,8 mo/ intimate fri5d 0 ,pet] ,fab]1 aft]w>d to become "o ( ! e>lie/ adh]5ts ( ,ignatius ,loyola4 ,& ! biograph]s are unwe>i$ 9 _! eulogy ( ,xavi]'s & ,fab]'s purity ( life & morals 9 ! mid/ ( ! great temptations ( a corrupt city4 ,to ^! two "y m51 ard5t ( m9d & eag] 9 _! ambition1 n[ ent]s ! influ5ce :i* %apes _! de/9y4 ,fab] 0 a ,savoy>d1 poor & ( humble bir?1 :ile ,xavi] 0 well-to-d & possess$ ! haughty _s ( a ,spani% gr&ee4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 k9dl+ ea* o!r up to "s s*eme ( future glory :5 ,ignatius ,loyola made 8 way to ,p>is4 ,he _h be5 conv]t$ a few ye>s be=e ?is & _h already begun to ga!r proselytes to 8 op9ions4 ,8 purpose 9 visit+ ,p>is 0 n m]ely to avail himself ( bett] facilities = /udy1 b also to secure m foll[]s4 ,x is n /range to u t ,loyola1 ) 8 great sagacity1 %\ld h s+l$ out ! two companions & h set himself to w9 !m4 ,fab]'s allegiance1 inde$1 x 0 an easy matt] to obta94 ,b ,xavi] did n s readily fall 9 ) ! wi%es ( ! great g5]al ( ! ,jesuits4 ,fab]'s conv]sion 0 rapidly accompli%$4 ,he 0 suppli$ ) ! ,spiritual ,ex]cises1 :i* is1 ( all books1 ! be/ adapt$ to produce ! prop] self-ab&onm5t & pla/ic condition ( s\l :i* befit ! neophyte ( ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,& ?is "w1 compos$1 say ! ,roman ,ca?olic au?orities1 9 ! cav]n ( ,manresa ) ! help ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 may be reg>d$ z ! ke5e/ in/rum5t by :i* m5's lives 7 ev] c>v$ into ! patt]ns design$ by a sup]ior w4 ,we h no space = a discussion ( ,jesuitism fur!r ?an to indicate its me?ods :5 !y affect ! subject be=e u1 b ,fab]'s behavior und\bt$ly _h its weight ^u ,xavi]4 ,! ,savoy>d took to fa/+ ) a p]fect fury4 ,9 8 debilitat$ condition he 0 ! fit vehicle = spiritual impressions1 = ec/asies1 & = my/ical dreams4 ,he w\ld kneel 9 ! op5 c\rt 9 ! sn[1 & sometimes all[ himself to be cov]$ ) icicles4 ,8 bundle ( fuel he made into a b$ & slept ^u x = ! few h\rs ( :at "o biography 8sc>cely kn[s :e!r to call torture or repose40 ,9 fact1 he s outran ! in/ruction ( ,loyola1 t t ke5 obs]v] *eck$ him & prev5t$ :at w\ld h react$ aga9/ 8 own designs4 8,=10 sai? qua9t ,mat!w ,h5ry1 speak+ ( ano!r subject1 8!re is a great deal ( do+ :i*1 by ov]do+1 is altoge!r undone40 ,xavi] 01 h[ev]1 m important to ,loyola ?an ,fab]4 ,& ,xavi] 0 ( t\gh] mat]ial & h>d] to rea*4 ,^u him ! int5se ,loyola b5t ! bl[-pipe flame ( 8 own _s4 ,he _h fail$ to t\* him by texts or by au/]ities4 ,he !re=e *ang$ 8 tactics altoge!r & began to s(t5 him by praise1 by judici\s cultivation ( 8 sympa?ies1 by procur+ new s*ol>s = him1 & ev5 by att5d+ 8 lectures & feign+ a deep int]e/ 9 :atev] he did4 ,9 %ort1 he appli$ flatt]y & def]5ce 9 su* a way t he ins9uat$ himself v soon into ! confid5ce ( ,xavi]1 & all[$ ! haughty ,don to recognize ! high bir? & good bre$+ :i* he c\ld also claim4 ,?is 0 a ma/] /roke4 ,fab] 0 aft] all only a ,savoy>d2 b ,loyola 0 born 9 a ca/le1 _h be5 a page at ! c\rt ( ,f]d9&1 & _h l$ soldi]s into ! deadlie/ places ( battle4 ,he _h also ! advantage ( be+ ,xavi]'s s5ior by fully f\rte5 ye>s1 = 8 bir? _h be5 contemporane\s ) ,columbus's exp$ition 9 se>* ( ! new _w4 ,"h1 !n1 ! influ5ce ( ?is /rong1 undaunt$1 unfl9*+ _s began to focus itself ^u ! "y tea*] ( philosophy4 8,resi/ance to praise10 says ! bitt] ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 8is a desire to be prais$ twice40 ,& to s acute a /ud5t ( human nature z ,loyola x soon grew evid5t t he 0 mak+ progress4 ,?is 0 prov$ ev5 by ! mode/y ( ,xavi]4 ,!re=e he r$\bl$ 8 en]gies & utiliz$ t m>vell\s p[] ( adaptation1 :i* 0 8 *ief legacy to 8 ord]1 9 obta9+ a def9ite result4 ,he ga9$ gr\nd s fa/ t ,mi*ael ,nav>ro1 a fai?ful s]vant ( ! "y s*ol>1 became det]m9$ to break (f ?is dang]\s fasc9ation1 & ev5 attempt$ to kill ,loyola 9 8 private ap>tm5ts4 ,b he1 too1 0 deal+ ) a bra9 :i* nev] relax$ its vigilance & ) a magnetic p]sonality :i* felt a dang]1 & mov$ safely1 cat-l1 ?r\gh ! d>k4 ,he 0 halt$ & *all5g$ by ! man he came to kill1 & be+ cru%$ d[n 9 confusion 0 !reupon treat$ ) magnanimity1 & w5t away revolv+ _m ?+s 9 8 m9d4 ,?is 0 ! p[] ( ,loyola--a p[] :i* sprang1 fir/ ( all1 f 8 peculi> con/itution1 &1 second1 f 8 fanatical ambition4 ,x has be5 ! key by :i* ! ,jesuit has ev] s9ce unlock$ ! doors ( palaces & contriv$ to :isp] 9 ! e>s ( k+s4 ,its ext5t has be5 t ( ! civiliz$ & unciviliz$ _w4 ,9 ! matt] ( organization no human frat]nity has ev] equall$ ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,! g]ms :i* we behold at ,/e4 ,b>be 9 ,p>is h gr[n into a tree ^: roots h tak5 hold on e soil1 & ^: fruit has dropp$ 9 e clime4 ,! ord] has inv>iably employ$ /rategy1 intrigue1 +5uity1 & p]fect comb9ation to secure its ends4 ,x is1 z a sy/em1 f> f be+ ei!r dead or insignificant4 ,& its real vitality has always sprung f its maxim t its associat$ memb]s1 v[$ to celibacy & to ! accompli%m5t ( its purposes1 %\ld be ,p]9de ac si cadav]a--absolutely subord9ate & dead to any o!r w--9 ! h&s ( ! 8g5]al0 :o is at ! head ( its affairs4 ,x has work$1 fir/ = itself1 second = ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & ?ird = ! proselytiz+ ( ! hea!n & ! h]etics4 ,x has nev] neglect$ to procure 9 e mann] ! in=mation x ne$$ to ! full ext5t or to employ its pr9ciple t ! end to be ga9$ ju/ifies ! means t are tak5 to ga9 x4 ,?us x is ! legitimate outgr[? ( ! soldi]-c\rti]-fanatic m9d ( its f\nd]4 ,& ?is 0 ! m9d :i* 0 n[ sp5d+ its spl5did res\rces ^u ,xavi]1 play+ ) him l a tr\t ^u ! hook1 until x %\ld l& him1 a completely surr5d]$ man1 )9 its own control4 ,9 ano!r sph]e & "u o!r influ5ces1 ,xavi] might h be5 a f> diff]5t p]son4 ,he1 at lea/1 0 s9c]e 9 8 devotion to ! cause4 ,he id5tifi$ ,jesuitism ) ,*ri/ianity & ,loyola ) ,jesus ,himself4 ,h5ce 8 "* & labors h bl9d$ _m p]sons to ! me?ods :i* he us$ & to ! results :i* he s\ght4 ,x mu/ be suffici5t = u t ,ignatius ,loyola _h n[ gott5 ! ma/]y ( ,francis ,xavi] s p]fectly t he c\ld be 8appli$ to ! ,spiritual ,ex]cises1 ! furnace 9 :i* he ,loyola 0 accu/om$ to ref9e & purify 8 *os5 vessels40 ,a si/] ( ! future mission>y _h become "o ( ! ,b>efoot$ ,cl>es1 & _h aid$ 9 dissuad+ h] fa!r f int]f]5ce4 ,& n[ we behold ,xavi] pray+ ) h&s & feet tightly b\nd by cords2 or j\rney+ ) simil> cords ab\t 8 arms & ! calves ( 8 legs until inflammation & ulc]ation ensu$4 ,!re 7 n[ n9e ( ^! conv]ts1 b ?is man outdid ! o!rs 9 8 au/]ities1 & f9ally travell$ on foot ) !m to meet ,loyola at ,v5ice 9 #aecg4 ,! society _h really be5 =m$ on ,augu/ #ae?1 #aecd1 at ,montm>tre ne> ,p>is1 & ?is 0 b its natural outw>d movem5t4 ,at ,v5ice1 on ,janu>y #h?1 #aecg1 !y aga9 met _! lead] & 7 assign$ = duty to ! two hospitals ( ! city4 ,t ( ! 8,incurables0 fell to ,xavi]'s %>e1 & we read t ) ! morbid devotion *>act]i/ic ( a dev\t /ud5t ( ! ,ex]cises1 he det]m9$ n[ to conqu] 8 natural repugnance to disease4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 duties he _h an unusually hide\s ulc] to dress = "o ( ! pati5ts4 ,& ! au!ntic hi/ory relates t 8enc\rag+ himself to ! utmo/1 he /oop$ d[n1 kiss$ ! pe/il5t canc]1 lick$ x sev]al times ) 8 tongue1 & f9ally suck$ out ! virul5t matt] to ! la/ drop40 7,b>toli & ,maffei1 p4 #ce47 ,!re c\ld be no?+ worse ?an t c]ta9ly4 ,& a man :o _h resolutely s\nd$ ?is deepe/ abyss ( self-ab&onm5t 0 m>k$ = ! highe/ honor t ! new society c\ld be/[4 ,we _c d\bt ,xavi]'s s9c]ity1 b ! gigantic horror ( ?is p]=mance is ( a sort to place ! man :o has a*iev$ x ^u an em95ce ap>t f less d>+ m9ds4 ,x 0 ,loyola's way ( fac+ human nature & =c+ x to conc$e ! supreme self-devotion ( 8 foll[]s4 ,! _w looks ) amazem5t ^u su* actions1 b :5 x sees !m1 x yields a k9d ( /upefi$ allegiance to ^? :o h ?us ru%$ beyond ! b\nds4 ,& to a close analysis !re is z mu* conceal$ spiritual pride ab\t ?is na/9ess z !re is an unnecess>y %ock giv5 to ! s5se ( dec5cy4 ,?us1 z ,mozoomd> says1 9 8 ,ori5tal ,*ri/1 8,in/ead ( abas+ self1 9 _m cases x s]ves ! opposite end40 ,x 8imposes a sort ( indebt$ness ^u ,heav50 7p4 #ff74 ,yet ! poor wret* :o felt ^? lips ^u 8 awful w\nd c\ld n b wor%ip ! frightful h]o :o plung$ into su* nause\s contact ) 8 loa?som5ess4 ,yes1 ?is 0 & is ! p[] ( x all4 ,x 0 & x is ! key-note ( mu* t is pot5t ) ! _w4 ,:5 ,victor ,hugo pictures ,jean ,valjean 9 ! toils ( ! ,!n>di]s lay+ t :ite1 hot1 hiss+ b> ( iron ^u 8 arm & calmly /&+ be=e !m :ile !y %r9k--ogres z !y are--f ! /5* & ! sight1 he m]ely uses ?is same elem5t4 ,:atev]1 9 %ort1 among u br+s out ! old savage nature2 :atev] plunges outside ( ! conv5tionalities1 ! proprieties1 or ev5 ! common dec5cies ( life2 :atev] defies ! lightn+1 or d>es ! volcano1 or tramples ^u ! coil$ s]p5t1 t is ! ?+ :i* controls ! _w4 ,x is wor?y ( note t ?is is n a ,*ri/ian b a ,jesuit act4 ,x is born ( t exagg]at$ s5tim5talism :i* *ooses to g beyond ,*ri/ & ,8 apo/les 9 its fallaci\s abnegation ( self4 ,b :]ev] su* acts are p]=m$ !y rank z ! m>ks ( sa9t%ip & z ! /igmata ( a crucifixion :i* pr\dly places itself on ! same ,golgo?a ) ano!r & nobl] cross4 ,! records1 n m]ely ( ,xavi]'s life1 b ( ! lives ( ! sa9ts1 sw>m ) ^! creep+1 slimy frogs ( ,egypt1 rais$ up by en*ant]s ( ! human m9d to make ,ph>aoh believe !m to be equal to a f> high] ,provid5ce4 ,& if we say little 9 ^! pages ab\t su* /range developm5ts & morbid gr[?s ( piety1 x ne$ n be =gott5 t !y exi/$1 & t !y h be5 fo/]$ & enc\rag$ by ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,! ,brevi>y1 = in/ance1 comm5ds a roll ( self-flagellators :o us$ ! :ip ^u _! nak$ backs1 & ,xavi] heads ! li/ ) 8 iron flail4 ,c>d9al ,damiani1 :o wrote "o ( our lovelie/ hymns1 introduc$ ?is fa%ion ( sc\rg+ 9 #ajef1 & ! holy nun1 ,/4 ,!resa1 aft] su* ex]cises & an additional repose ^u a b$ ( ?orns1 0 8accu/om$ to conv]se ) ,god40 ,aliqu&o int] sp9as volut>et sic ,deum alloqui solita4 ,?is topic1 ) its alli$ sugge/ions1 is altoge!r out ( our pres5t scope2 b 9 ord] to see ,xavi] z he 01 we mu/ appreciate to :at ext5t 8 _s 0 subdu$ be=e 8 belief4 ,?is 0 ! man1 te/$ & edg$ & temp]$1 to :om 0 n[ committ$ ! 8salvation ( ! ,indies40 ,x 0 dur+ ! papacy ( ,paul ,,iii41 ! same ,pope :o excommunicat$ ,h5ry ,,viii4 ( ,engl&4 ,& ,xavi]1 :o _h practis$ _m au/]ities bo? 9 life & 9 behavior1 0 at fir/ s5t to ,bologna1 :ile ,loyola1 ) ,fab] & ,laynez1 w5t to ,rome4 ,x 0 subsequ5tly at ,rome t ,xavi] _h 8 fam\s vision1 9 :i* he awoke cry+1 8,yet m1 ,o ,"l1 yet m60 = he fanci$ t--z ! ,apo/le ,paul once did--he _h beheld 8 future c>e] & 0 glory+ 9 trials & p]secutions4 ,especially did he (t5 h a dream 9 :i* he seem$ to be c>ry+ an ,indian on 8 %\ld]s & toil+ ) him ov] ! r\ghe/ & h>de/ roads4 ,& :5 at la/ ,govea1 ! ,rector ( ! ,college ( ,/e4 ,b>be1 happ5$ to be 9 ,rome1 ,ignatius & 8 companions 7 br\ght by him to ! notice ( ,john ,,iii4 ( ,portugal1 & ! k+ desir$ to h six ( !m = use 9 ,india4 ,! ,pope did n %[ any special desire to secure _! s]vices1 & :5 ! "q came up he ref]r$ x to ,ignatius to decide x z he pleas$4 ,t sagaci\s g5]al object$ to tak+ six f t5 & leav+ only f\r to ! re/ ( ! _w1 = 8 ambition n[ ext5d$ to ! orb ( ! e>?4 ,he accord+ly *ose ,rodriguez & ,bobadilla = ,india1 m5 :o 7 evid5tly well select$1 = ! fir/ became a great propag&i/ 9 ,portugal1 & ! o!r 0 a decid$ ob/acle to ! ,re=mation 9 ,g]many4 ,:5 ,rodriguez1 h[ev]1 fell ill ) an int]mitt5t fev] ,xavi] naturally occurr$ to ,loyola z ! prop] sub/itute4 ,he !re=e commission$ him = ! s]vice1 & ! worn & wa/$ ascetic pat*$ up 8 old coat1 said f>ewell to 8 fri5ds1 & hav+ crav$ ! ,pope's bless+1 set (f f ,rome ) ! ,portuguese ,ambassador1 ,masc>5has1 on ,m>* #af?1 #aedj4 ,he />t$ 9 su* pov]ty t ,loyola took 8 own wai/coat & put x ^u him1 & he left beh9d him a writt5 pap] ( consecration to ! society1 express+ 9 x 8 desire t ,loyola %\ld be its head1 ) ,fab] z alt]nate1 & 9 :i* he took ! v[s ( pov]ty1 *a/ity1 & ob$i5ce to ! ord] "u ^: auspices he 0 go+ =?4 ,at ! ,portuguese ,c\rt 9 ,lisbon1 bo? ,xavi] & 8 companion 7 dilig5t 9 _! religi\s "w4 ,! morals ( ! capital 7 q re=m$1 & :5 x came "t = ! %ips to sail to ! ,ea/ ! k+ w\ld only sp>e ,xavi] & deta9$ ,rodriguez1 by ! advice ( ,loyola1 fur!r to improve ! affairs at home4 ,xavi] n[ sail$ z ,nuncio ) papal comm5dation & ) a pov]ty ( outfit :i* _h its due effect ^u 8 companions on bo>d ! %ip4 ,! vessel itself 0 "o ( ^? great galleons ( ,spani% or ,portuguese orig91 c>ry+ (t5 a ?\s& p]sons1 & hav+ f f\r to sev5 decks4 ,!y 7 huge1 unwieldy con/ructions & 7 g5]ally freight$ ) l>ge am\nts ( ri* m]*&ise4 ,! c\rse 0 t pursu$ by ,vasco da ,gama--ar\nd ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope & into ! ,indian ,ocean--& ! voyage (t5 la/$ beyond eight mon?s4 ,x is qua9tly relat$ ( travell]s by ^! prec>i\s sea-pa?s t !y us$ to take _! %r\ds & w9d+-%eets ) !m 9 case !y di$ by ! way4 ,! company on %ipbo>d 0 z bad z ! provisions1 :i* 7 (t5 execrable4 ,! p59sul> sailors nev] _h ! art ei!r ( discipl9e or ( /or+ a %ip & supply+ :at 0 ne$ful = a voyage1 z ! ,engli% sea-k+s _h x4 ,h5ce _! vessels 7 great float+ c>avans>ies ( human be+s1 full ( ! scum & (fsc\r+ ( society--) lords & ladies on ! qu>t]-deck1 & robb]s & murd]]s1 h>lots & gambl]s d[n bel[4 ,! crew 0 z prompt z t ( ,jonah's %ip to cry ^u _! gods :5ev] ! w9d blew4 ,su* inv5tions z ! %ip's pump1 ! *a9-cable1 & ! b[sprit 7 n kn[n to !m4 ,& :5 we see ,sir ,ri*>d ,gr5ville 9 ! little ,rev5ge fight+ fifte5 great ,dons = z _m h\rs1 or ,sir ,john ,hawk9s beat+ 8 way out ( ! h>bor ( ,v]a ,cruz :5 ! ,jesus ( ,lubec 0 lo/ by ,spani% trea*]y1 we see h[ utt]ly cumbr\s & awkw>d ^! galleons 7 :5 comp>$ ) ,engli% vessels4 ,sickness also1 9 ! =m ( fev]s & scurvy1 0 v frequ5t4 ,& !re 0 su* laxity ( discipl9e t a six mon?s' voyage g5]ally turn$ ! great hulk into a hell ( mis]y & riot4 ,"h1 !re=e1 ,xavi] 0 9 8 elem5t4 ,he slept on ! deck2 he begg$ 8 own bread1 & ! delicacies press$ ^u him by ! capta9 he divid$ among ! ne$ie/ ( ! poor suff]]s2 he inv5t$ games to amuse ^? :o 7 incl9$ t[>d amusem5t2 & by degrees he comm+l$ 8 sympa?y & fri5dly (fices ) ! necessities ( ! crew & pass5g]s until !y call$ him ! 8holy fa!r40 ,he con/antly prea*$1 taught1 & labor$ 9 ?is mann] until he f9ally succumb$ to an epidemic fev] :i* broke out :5 !y 7 n f> f ,mozambique4 ,"h he 0 l&$ & = a "t 0 9 hospital1 at l5g? complet+ 8 voyage to ,india 9 a diff]5t %ip f t 9 :i* he _h fir/ emb>k$4 ,scatt]$ ?r\gh 8 /ory1 bo? !n & aft]w>d1 we h acc\nts ( v>i\s miracles1 ( 8 exhibition ( a _s ( prophecy1 & ev5tually ( 8 rais+ ! dead4 ,^! dem& a mom5t's consid]ation4 ,he is said1 = in/ance1 to h pr$ict$ ! loss ( ! ,san ,jago1 9 :i* he sail$ f ,portugal & :i* 0 wreck$ aft] he left h]4 ,he did ! same ) "o or two o!r vessels & assur$ sev]al p]sons ( _! own imp5d+ dea? or mis=tune4 ,sometimes he 0 obs]v$ to speak z ?\gh he 7 hold+ conv]sation ) unse5 companions1 & he 0 app>5tly consci\s ( ev5ts :i* 7 aft]w>d f\nd to h occurr$ at ! v "t 9 di/ant places4 ,!re is also a s]ies ( ph5om5a connect$ ) ! 8gift ( tongues0 9 8 case1 by :i* ?is p[] appe>s to h be5 int]mitt5t1 or at lea/ dep5d5t to a great degree ^u a rem>kable int5sity ( s*ol>%ip & ke5ness ( analysis comb9$ ) a p[]ful memory4 ,x is n claim$ t he ex]cis$ ?is gift 9 su* a mann] z 8to conv]se 9 a =eign tongue ! mom5t he l&$ 9 ?is =eign c\ntry40 ,& !n !re is a fur!r class ( rem>kable exp]i5ces connect$ ) fev]s & diseases & ! rais+ ( ! dead4 ,( ^! latt] miracles x may be well to treat fir/4 ,he is said to h rais$ up ,an?ony ,mir&a1 an ,indian1 :o _h be5 bitt5 by a cobra2 to h re/or$ f\r dead p]sons at ,travancore2 to h resuscitat$ a "y girl 9 ,japan & a *ild 9 ,malacca1 & to h actually br\ght to ! %ip1 alive & well1 a lad :o _h fall5 ov]bo>d & be5 app>5tly lo/4 ,^! incid5ts are relat$ ) great gravity by ! biograph]s & are accept$ by ! fai?ful z be+ /rictly true4 ,to impugn !m is z if "o impugn$ ! ,scriptures4 ,nev]!less !re is an op5+ = scepticism 9 sundry cases1 & x may be t we %all d well to agree ) ! sa9t's own /atem5t made to ,doctor ,diego ,borba4 8,ah1 my ,jesus60 he answ]$1 8c x be said t su* a wret* z ,i h be5 able to raise ! dead8 ,surely1 my de> ,diego1 y h n believ$ su* folly8 ,!y br\ght a "y man to me :om !y suppos$ to be dead2 ,i comm&$ him to arise1 & ! common p1 :o make a miracle ( ev]y?+1 gave out ! report t a dead man _h be5 rais$ to life40 ,= ! re/1 we may well believe t ! same exagg]ation & lack ( sci5tific att5tion to details h accompani$ ! v>i\s acc\nts1 9 "s su* mann] z appe>s 9 ! little sket* ( 8 p]sonal *>act]i/ics :i* a "y ,coquimban nam$ ,vaz has giv5 to u4 ,?is en?usia/ic admir] describes 8 go+ afoot ) a pat*$ & fad$ g>m5t & an old black clo? hat4 ,he took no?+ f ! ri* or great unless he appli$ x to ! uses ( ! poor4 ,he spoke languages flu5tly )\t hav+ le>n$ !m1 & ! cr[ds :i* flock$ to he> him (t5 am\nt$ to five or six ?\s& p]sons4 ,he celebrat$ ,mass 9 ! op5 air & prea*$ f ! bran*es ( a tree :5 he _h no o!r pulpit4 ,b ( ?is heal+ ( ! sick & rais+ ( ! dead we are n (f]$ any bett] te/imonials ?an ! 8,acts ( 8 ,canonization40 ,moreov]1 9 a mann] q contr>y to ! exp]i5ces record$ 9 ! ,gospels1 ^! v>i\s miracles seem to be look$ ^u z ! decisive /roke ( ,*ri/ian policy4 ,^u _! occurr5ce tribes & k+doms b[ be=e ! tru?--a ?+ :i* did n happ5 at ! tomb ( ,laz>us1 or be=e ! walls ( ,na91 or )9 ! h\se ( ,jairus4 ,9 ^? cases ! evangeli/s are cont5t to tell u t ! influ5ce 0 limit$ & conf9$ to a v mod]ate area4 ,yet :5 we come to ! cures ( sick p1 to ! s+ul> pr$ictions1 & to ! exalt$ condition into :i* ,xavi] mu/ (t5 h be5 lift$1 we mu/ all[ to ! man a v high degree ( my/ical & mesm]ic & ev5 clairvoyant p[]4 ,we are wise en\gh n[adays to obs]ve ! influ5ce ( a devot$ p]sonality1 z :5 ,flor5ce ,night+ale trav]ses ! hospital w>ds at ,scut>i1 or ,david ,liv+/one moves ?r\gh savage tribes1 to 8 dy+ h\r at ,lake ,l9coln4 ,& :5 pr(\nd ,*ur* hi/orians w n altoge!r discr$it ! miracles ( ! ,nic5e ,age :i* ,ambrose & ,augu/9e relate1 x causes u to be *>itable ev5 t[>d ! miracles ( ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 :o record$ at l>ge 8 own s5se ( uneas9ess respect+ 8 p[] ( cur+ ! sick4 ,b x some:at relieves ! m9d :5 ! v *apt]s :i* relate ^! exp]i5ces ( ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]1 m5tion also t a crab came out ( ! sea & br\ght him 8 lo/ crucifix1 & t aft] he _h liv$ 9 a c]ta9 h\se two *ildr5 & a woman fell out ( ! w9d[ at diff]5t times & receiv$ n s mu* z a s+le bruise1 ?\gh !y dropp$ f an imm5se height ^u ! sea-wall4 ,! cr$ulity :i* includes su* palpable absurdities mu/ surely h expos$ itself to mis/atem5ts & exagg]ations 9 o!r directions4 ,x is f> pleasant] = u to foll[ ,xavi] f 8 arrival at ,goa1 ,may #f?1 #aedb1 to ! fi%]ies ( ,cape ,comor92 !nce to ,malacca1 & s to ! ,b&a ,isl&s1 ,amboyna1 & ! ,moluccas 9 #aedf2 aga9 to ,malacca 9 #aedg2 to ,ceylon & back to ,goa 9 #aedh1 & f9ally to ,japan4 ,9 #aeea he plann$ a visit to ,*9a1 b 0 disappo9t$1 & at ! mom5t :5 he 0 hop+ to accompli% a great purpose he di$ on ! isl& ( ,san ,*an1 ,decemb] #bb;d1 #aeeb1 at ! e>ly age ( =ty-six ye>s4 ,closely /udy+ himself & 8 me?ods we f9d him greatly & always dev\t1 8 brevi>y1 h[ev]1 be+ 8 ,bible4 ,he pray$ mu* & labor$ incessantly4 ,8 *>ity to small & great 0 untir+4 ,he w\ld g ?r\gh ! /reets r++ a little bell & call+ p to come to religi\s wor%ip1 be+ frequ5tly att5d$ by a ?rong ( *ildr5 :o seem to h lov$ him & be5 belov$ by him4 ,he _h noble & sweet & mode/ traits 9 8 "*4 ,b we (t5 notice ! reliance he places on baptism--sometimes conf]r+ ?is rite until 8 arm dropp$ f we>9ess4 ,& we obs]ve h[ mu* ( ! wisdom ( ! s]p5t c be disc]n$ 9 8 ways ) ! p :om he desir$ to secure4 ,! indefatigable ex]tions ( ,xavi] are above all praise4 ,he nev] appe>s to h slack5$ 9 8 zeal1 nor does he ev] %[ hesitation1 d\bt1 or unc]ta9ty ( any k9d4 ,on "o occasion :5 r\s$ by a great crisis he display$ a milit>y au?ority wor?y ( ,loyola himself4 ,he /ood once 9 front ( an invad+ ho/ ( ,badages & =bade !m to attack ! ,p>avans1 %\t+ to !m1 8,9 ! "n ( ! liv+ ,god ,i comm& y to return :5ce y came40 ,no wond] t ! semi-b>b>\s p 7 affect$ by ?is fe>less & s+ul> pres5ce1 & spoke ( ,xavi] z a p]son ( gigantic /ature dress$ 9 black & ^: fla%+ eyes dazzl$ & daunt$ !m4 ,b ^u o!r occasions he 0 g5tle & am5able to e agreeable trait 9 8 companions4 ,he c\ld ev5 take ! c>ds f a brok5 game/]1 %uffle !m to give him good =tune1 & s5d him back to try 8 luck ) fifty reals borr[$ f ano!r pass5g]4 ,! man's success is !reupon made a basis = 8 p5it5ce4 ,& s ) ! wick$ cavali] ( ,meliapore1 ^: fri5d%ip he ga9$ by be+ unconsci\s ( 8 vices until ! "t = exhortation arriv$4 ,9 ^! & simil> in/ances we _c fail to obs]ve a ?or\gh k ( human nature1 & a ,jesuit's ke5 p[] ( us+ x = 8 own purposes4 ,he 0 n always prosp]$ 9 8 ent]prises4 ,once at lea/ he lit]ally %ook (f ! du/ f 8 %oes aga9/ an (f5d+ tribe4 ,at ano!r "t he 0 w\nd$ by an arr[4 ,b1 z a rule1 he _h a complete moral victory 9 :atev] he und]took4 ,9 "o ( 8 lett]s he speaks ( ! p be+ malici\sly dispos$ & ready to poison bo? food & dr9k4 ,b he w take no antidotes ) him1 & is det]m9$ to avoid all human rem$ies :atsoev]4 ,x is 9 su* sup]b examples ( 8 absolute tru/ 9 ,god t he pres5ts to u ! really gr& side ( 8 "*4 ,he did n "k :at fe> 01 & z = dea?1 he 0 too famili> ) daily dy+ to be conc]n$ at x4 ,8 p]sonal fai? 0 su* z to beget fai? 9 o!rs1 z :5 an e>?quake int]rupt$ 8 prea*+ ^u ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,day1 & he ann\nc$ t ! ar*angel 0 !n driv+ ! devils ( t unhappy c\ntry back to ! pit4 ,?is 0 said s e>ne/ly z to produce a pr(\nd conviction ( its tru? & to remove all al>m f 8 audi5ce4 ,b :5 we are ask$ to believe t ! two ,p]eiras ev] beheld him elevat$ f ! e>? & actually transfigur$1 or :5 x is /at$ t he lift$ a great beam z ?\gh x _h be5 a la?1 we mu/ be excus$ = be+ d\btful ( ! /atem5t4 ,!re is no?+ m de/ructive ( religion ?an sup]/ition1 & no?+ :i* kills fai? l cr$ulity4 ,xavi]1 ) all 8 false notions1 0 a mo/ s9c]e & ev5 maje/ic figure--a h]o ( ! fai?1 :o %[s u ! p[] ( a ?or\ghly devot$ _s un5cumb]$ by any e>?ly tie & unob/ruct$ by any e>?ly want4 ,! entire self-immolation ( ?is c>e] con/itutes its amaz+ p[]4 ,x is ! mission>y _s c>ri$ to its l(tie/ height4 ,p]haps "o ( 8 mo/ +5i\s ways to secure ! good-w ( 8 companions 0 by endeavor+ to excite _! b5evol5ce4 ,he w\ld enc\rage !m to little acts ( k9dness & w\ld repay ^! by simil> favors & s]vices4 ,p>ticul>ly he us$ p]suasion r ?an d5unciation1 & p]sonal ef=ts r ?an g5]al h>angues4 ,he 0 8all ?+s to all m510 go+ 8privately to ^? ( reputation10 z ,paul1 8 great model1 0 wont to d4 ,he once wrote3 8,x is bett] to d a little ) peace ?an a great deal ) turbul5ce & sc&al40 ,on ,april #ad?1 #aeeb1 he set sail f ,goa = ,malacca :]e a pe/il5ce 0 rag+4 ,?is delay$ him a:ile f ,*9a1 & he 0 held back /ill long] by ! envi\s qu>rell+s ( ^? :o aspir$ to ! honor ( att5d+ him on 8 voyage4 ,xavi] 0 r$uc$ to ! necessity ( produc+ ! papal au?ority :i* con/itut$ him ,nuncio1 & ( ?reat5+ ) excommunication ,don ,alv>o ,atade1 ! mo/ tr\blesome p]son4 ,9 addition to ?is difficulty he f\nd himself insult$ & revil$ 9 ! op5 /reet1 b accept$ ev]y?+ ) meekness & pati5ce2 :i*1 h[ev]1 did n prev5t 8 f9ally excommunicat+ ,atade 9 ! regul> =m4 ,! vessel on :i* he emb>k$ 0 mann$ mo/ly by ^? 9 ! pay ( ,atade1 b he did n %r9k f ! voyage4 ,! voyage itself is decorat$ ) _m leg5ds1 z might be expect$4 ,! sa9t is report$ to h *ang$ salt wat] into fre%2 to h rescu$ a *ild f dea? 9 a miracul\s mann]1 & to h become sudd5ly s mu* tall] & l>g] ?an ^? ab\t him z to h be5 compell$ to l[] 8 arms :5 he baptiz$ ! conv]ts4 ,!y sail$ f ,*9*oo to ,san ,*an1 an isl& 9 :i* ! ,portuguese _h "s trad+ privileges4 ,x 0 "h t ,xavi] utt]$ a pr$iction :i* may s]ve to expla9 o!r s+ul> occurr5ces4 ,he w\ld seem to h possess$ m ?an an ord9>y am\nt ( m$ical skill 9 diagnosis1 & look+ e>ne/ly ^u an old fri5d nam$ ,vellio1 he bade him prep>e = dea? :5ev] ! w9e he drank ta/$ bitt]4 ,?is might easily be f ei!r ( two causes--poison1 or a disorganiz$ /ate ( ! sy/em4 ,& x is record$ t ! result fulfill$ ! prophecy4 ,nor is !re mu* d\bt t ,vellio's entire fai? 9 ! pr$iction help$ on 8 dea?4 ,f ,san ,*an ,xavi] n[ propos$ to cross to ,*9a4 ,he arrang$ to be smuggl$ ?i!r 9 a small boat1 b ! resid5ts ( ,san ,*an1 ,engli% z well z ,portuguese1 became al>m$ at ! consequ5ces :i* !y =esaw f ?is desp]ate s*eme ( intrusion into ! =bidd5 empire4 ,& to cr[n all 8 woes he fell sick ) a fev]1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 he convalesc$ 9 a =tnight4 ,he 0 n[ m anxi\s ?an ev] to g on ) 8 project4 ,b all ! ,portuguese %ips _h sail$ back aga9 except ! ,santa ,cruz1 on :i* he _h arriv$4 ,& n[ he 0 truly des]t$ & neglect$4 ,he _h sc>cely ! b>e necess>ies ( life1 sometimes be+ depriv$ entirely ( food4 ,! sailors 7 mo/ly 9 ,atade's pay & inimical to 8 purpose4 ,at l5g? he became conv9c$ t he w\ld himself soon die1 & s w\ld (t5 walk 9 m$itation & pray] by ! sea%ore gaz+ t[>d ! prohibit$ coa/4 ,at ?is "t ! "y ,*9ese ,an?ony 0 8 only hope z an int]pret]2 & he 0 n[ depriv$ ( ! s]vices ( ! m]*ant & 8 son :o _h agre$ to r[ him ov] to ,canton4 ,!y _h des]t$ him1 & only ,an?ony & "o m "y lad rema9$ true to ! dy+ mission>y4 ,on ,novemb] #bj? ! fev] aga9 seiz$ him aft] he _h celebrat$ ,mass4 ,he 0 tak5 to a float+ hospital1 b be+ di/urb$ by its motion he begg$ to be l&$4 ,?is 0 done & he 0 left ^u ! bea* 9 ! bleak w9d4 ,a poor ,portuguese nam$ ,george ,alv>ez !n took pity on him & remov$ him to 8 own hut ( b\ghs & /raw4 ,rude m$ical c>e 0 giv5 him1 b on ,decemb] #b;d1 ab\t two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 he _h rea*$ ! limit ( 8 life4 ,8 late/ words 71 ,9 te1 ,dom9e1 sp]avi--non confund> 9 aet]num--,o ,"l1 ,i h tru/$ 9 ,!e1 ,i %all nev] be conf\nd$1 _w )\t end4 ,?us di$ ,francis ,xavi]1 = t5 ye>s & sev5 mon?s a mission>y 9 ! mo/ dang]\s & deadly regions ( ! e>?4 ,at ! date ( 8 dea? he 0 ( full & robu/ figure 9 spite ( 8 privations1 ) eyes ( a blui%-gray1 & hair t _h *ang$ its d>k *e/nut color some:at ?r\gh 8 toils & suff]+s4 ,8 =ehead 0 broad1 8 nose good1 & 8 expression pleasant & affable4 ,8 be>d1 l 8 hair1 0 ?ick1 & 8 temp]am5t 0 ne>ly a pure sangu9e4 ,!y buri$ him fir/ at ,san ,*an1 !n remov$ him to ,goa1 :]e 9 solemn procession !y conduct$ 8 mortal body to its f9al re/4 ,b 8 "r arm 0 tak5 (f & x is to be obs]v$ t 8! sa9t seems n to h be5 pleas$ at ! amputation ( 8 arm10 :i*1 h[ev]1 did n prev5t ! ,jesuit1 ,g5]al ,claude ,acquaviva1 f insi/+ ^u ! mutilation4 ,d[n to ! pres5t "t 8 memory has receiv$ _m honors4 ,*ur*es h be5 erect$1 pray]s h be5 (f]$1 & mu* religi\s wor%ip has be5 transact$ 9 8 "n4 ,b to u :o are look+ ^u him f ano!r angle altoge!r1 !re are app>5t 9 him a piety1 a zeal1 a c\rage1 & a 8hot-he>t$ prud5ce0 7to quote ,f4 ,w4 ,fab]'s words7 :i* ar\se our admiration4 ,& 9 ! two hymns :i* be> 8 "n we are able to discov] t f9e att> :i* is ! preci\s residuum ( _m cru%$ & fragrant aspirations1 :i* grew above ! ?orns ( %>p trial & 7 /rewn at la/ ^u ! w9d-swept bea* ( t poor ,pisgah isl& f :i* he truly beheld ! di/ant ,l&4 ,o ,,deus1 ,,ego ,,amo ,,te4 ,o ,"l1 ,i love !e1 = ( old ,?y love ha? rea*$ to me4 ,lo1 ,i w\ld lay my fre$om by ,& freely foll[ !e6 ,let memory nev] h a ?\ght ,?y glory _c claim1 ,nor let ! m9d be wise at all ,unless %e seek ?y "n4 ,= no?+ fur!r d ,i wi% ,except z ?\ do/ w2 ,:at ?+s ?y gift all[s z m9e ,my gift %all give !e /ill4 ,receive :at ,i h _h f !e ,& guide me 9 ?y way1 ,& gov]n z ?\ kn[e/ be/1 ,:o love/ me ea* day4 ,give unto me ?y love alone1 ,t ,i may love !e too1 ,= o!r ?+s are dreams2 b ?is ,embrace? all ?+s true4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,! ,,hymn-,,writ]s ,,( ,,! ,,brevi>y4 ,!re are ?ree pr9cipal liturgical books 9 use 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,orig9ally !re 7 two3 ! ,ritual1 :i* conta9$ all ! sacram5tal (fices1 & ! ,brevi>y1 :i* conta9$ ! re/4 ,b = conv5i5ce ! eu*>i/ic (fice 9 its v>i\s =ms n[ has a book to itself call$ ! ,missal1 & ! o!r six sacram5ts recogniz$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome make up ! ,ritual4 ,x is ) ! ,brevi>y1 h[ev]1 t hymnology is especially conc]n$1 z x is 9 x t ! hymns ( ! ,*ur* are mo/ly to be f\nd1 :ile ! sequ5ces belong to ! ,missal4 ,x conta9s ! pray]s said 9 ! ,*ur*'s behalf e day at ! canonical h\rs by ! prie/s & ! memb]s ( ! religi\s ord]s4 ,orig9ally !re 7 only ?ree ( ^! canonical h\rs1 & !y 7 bas$ on ,old ,te/am5t usage4 ,^! 7 at ! ?ird1 six?1 & n9? h\r ( ! ,scriptures 7n9e o'clock1 noon1 & ?ree 9 ! aft]noon71 & 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* are call$ ,ti]ce1 ,sext1 & ,nones1 = t reason4 ,! numb] aft]w>d 0 increas$ to five & !n to sev54 ,to ^! ?ree day h\rs 7 add$ ?ree night h\rs1 ) two at ! transition f night to day 7,prime71 & f day to night 7,vesp]s74 ,b to get up ?rice 9 ! night 0 too mu* = ev5 mona/ic discipl9e1 s !y said two night s]vices toge!r at midnight1 & !n !y slept till dawn4 ,z ?is daily s]vice diff]s 9 its cont5ts accord+ to ! seasons ( ! ,*ur* ye>1 & also is adapt$ to ! commemoration ( ! sa9ts ( ! ,cal5d>1 ! ,brevi>y is ! mo/ volum9\s pray]-book kn[n to ,*ri/5dom4 ,x g5]ally is publi%$ 9 f\r sub/antial volumes1 "o ea* = ! f\r natural seasons4 ,x is us$ 9 su* public s]vices z are n accompani$ by a celebration ( any sacram5t & 9 ! *oir s]vice ( ! religi\s h\ses4 ,9 !ory1 h[ev]1 ! ,*ur* is pres5t ev5 at ! solit>y recitation ( ! h\rs by a secul> prie/2 & :5 two say !m 9 company !y mu/ say !m al\d4 ,hymns 7 n 9 ! s]vices ( ! ,brevi>y f ! beg9n+4 ,z late z ! six? c5tury !re 0 a controv]sy z to admitt+ any?+ b ! words ( ,scripture to be sung4 ,we f9d a ,gallic synod sanction+ _! use1 & a ,spani% synod tak+ common gr\nd ) our ,psalm-s++ ,presbyt]ians4 ,b 9 ! next c5tury ev5 ,spa91 ?r\gh ! ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o 7,a4,d4 #fcc71 appeals to e>ly prec$5t 9 behalf ( hymns1 & decides t if p may use un9spir$ words 9 pray]1 !y may d ! same 9 _! praises--,sicut ergo orationes1 ita et hymnos 9 laudem ,dei compositos nullus ve/rum ult]ius improbet--:i* w5t to ! core ( ! "q & sil5c$ ! exclusive ,psalm-s+]s4 ,tw5ty ye>s lat] ano!r ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o requir$ ( c&idates = ord]s t !y %\ld "k bo? ! ,psalt] & ! hymns by he>t4 ,yet 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y no hymns 7 introduc$ be=e ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :5 ,haymo1 ! ,g5]al ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 re=m$ x 9 #abdd ) ! sanction ( ,gregory ,,ix4 & ,ni*olas ,,iii4 ,9 ! view ( ,roman ,ca?olic liturgi/s1 ! ,psalms set =? ! praise ( ,god 9 g5]al1 :ile hymns are writt5 & us$ ) ref]5ce to "s s+le my/]y ( ! fai?1 or ! commemoration ( "s sa9t4 ,?is h>monizes ) _! use 9 ! ,brevi>y1 & _! division into hymns de tempore = ! fe/ivals ( ! ,*ur* ye>1 or ! days ( ! week1 or ! h\rs ( ! day2 & hymns de sanctis = ! days ( commemoration 9 ! ,*ur* ,cal5d>4 ,ev5 :5 ! same hymn is us$ on a s]ies ( days1 its conclusion is alt]$ to give x a special adaptation to ea* ( ^! days4 ,?is classification1 ( c\rse1 does n describe ! :ole body ( ! ,lat9 hymns4 ,"s few ev5 ( ^? 9 ! ,brevi>y1 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,te ,deum1 h to be class$ z psalms1 & are call$ ,canticles 7,cantica72 & _m outside x w n fit into any su* def9ition ( :at a hymn is4 ,b x illu/rates ! g5]al "* & purpose ( ! hymns ( ! ,roman & o!r brevi>ies1 z design$ = a special temporal or p]sonal application by way ( supplem5t to ! ,psalt]4 ,at pres5t ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 prep>$ ) ! sanction ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 has driv5 ne>ly all ! o!rs out ( use4 ,b at ! era ( ! ,re=mation !re 0 a great numb] ( brevi>ies1 e diocese & religi\s ord] hav+ a "r to its own4 ,panz] enum]ates no less ?an sev5ty-"o :i* 7 pr9t$ be=e #aecf1 "s ( !m 9 sev]al editions4#ah ,ev5 n[ ! ,roman ,brevi>y is supplem5t$ by special s]vices 9 honor ( ! sa9ts ( ea* ord] or c\ntry1 & by s]vices ( a m g5]al k9d :i* are peculi> to "s localities4 ,b 9 ,lu!r's "t ! endless v>iety 9 brevi>ies & missals =m$ a /rik+ feature ( ! confusion :i* to 8 m9d *>act]iz$ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,) ! developm5t ( a m fa/idi\s ta/e1 ?r\gh ! /udy ( ! ,lat9 classics z lit]>y models1 !re arose 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ev5 be=e ! ,re=mation1 a dem& = a re=mation ( ! ,brevi>y4 ,besides its defects ( =m1 su* z violations ( ,lat9 gramm>1 ! con/ant use ( t]ms :i* grat$ on ! e>s ( ! humani/s1 & ! use ( hymns 9 :i* rhyme r add$ to ! (f5ce ( want ( correct metre1 ! cont5ts ( ! ,brevi>y 7 f\nd faulty by a critical age4 ,! selections f ! ,fa!rs to be read by way ( homily 7 9 "s cases f spuri\s works2 & ! n>ratives ( sa9ts' lives = ! days d$icat$ to !m 7 n always edify+1 & 9 "s cases palpably untrue4 ,x became a prov]bial say+ t a p]son li$ l ! second nocturn (fice ( ! ,brevi>y1 t be+ ! s]vice 9 :i* ^! leg5ds are f\nd4 ,b ! badness ( ! ,lat9 & ! metrical faults ( ! hymns c\nt$ = q z mu* ) ! critics ( t day4 ,we he> ( a c>d9al w>n+ a "y cl]ic n to be too con/ant 9 read+ 8 ,brevi>y1 if he wi%$ to pres]ve 8 e> = correct ,lat9ity4 ,z might h be5 expect$1 x 0 ! elegant ,m$icean ,pope ,leo ,x4 :o fir/ put 8 h& to ! "w ( re=m4 ,he select$ = ?is purpose ,za*>ia ,f]r]i1 ,bi%op ( ,gu>da-,alfi]i1 a man ( f9e ,lat9 s*ol>%ip & "s ability z a poet4 ,by #aebe ,f]r]i _h ! hymns = a new ,brevi>y ready1 & publi%$ !m ) ! promise ( ! ,brevi>y itself on ! title-page4#ai ,clem5t ,,vii41 also ( ! h\se ( ,m$ici1 0 ,pope :5 ! book appe>$1 & he au?oriz$ ! sub/itution ( ^! new hymns = ! old1 b did n comm& ?is4 ,! book is furni%$ ) an introduction by ,m>9o ,beci*emi1 a =gott5 humani/1 :o 0 !n pr(essor ( eloqu5ce at ,padua4 ,x is wor? quot+ z exhibit+ ! attitude ( ! ,r5aissance to ! e>li] ,*ri/ian lit]ature4 ,he praises ,f]r]i z a %9+ light 9 e k9d ( sci5ce1 human & div9e1 prosaic & poetical4 ,he _c say too mu* ( ! beauty ( 8 /yle1 its gravity & dignity1 its purity1 its spontaneity & fre$om f artificiality4 8,t 8 hymns & odes1 beyond all d\bt1 w secure him immortality1 ,i ne$ n conceal4 ,c]ta9ly ,i h read no?+ 9 ,*ri/ian poets sweet]1 pur]1 t]s]1 or bright]4 ,h[ brief & h[ copi\s1 ea* 9 its place--h[ poli%$6 ,ev]y:]e ! /ream fl[s 9 full *annel ) t antique ,roman mode ( spee*1 except :]e ( full purpose x turns 9 ano!r direction40 ,t means h[ ,cic]onian ,f]r]i's spee*1 except :]e he rememb]s t he is a ,*ri/ian poet & bi%op writ+ = ,*ri/ian wor%ipp]s4 8,m ?an once h ,i exhort$ him t x belong$ to ! duty & dignity ( 8 episcopal 7pontificii7 (fice to make public ^! ,*ur* hymns40 8,y "k1 my read]1 :at hymns !y s+ ev]y:]e 9 ! temples1 t !y are almo/ all faulty1 silly1 full ( b>b>ism1 & compos$ )\t ref]5ce to ! numb] ( feet or ! quantity ( ! syllables1 s z to excite educat$ p]sons to laught]1 & to br+ prie/s1 if !y are m5 ( lett]s1 to despise ! s]vices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i say m5 ( lett]s4 ,z = ^? :o are n1 & :o are ! gluttons ( ! ,roman curia1 or :o h no wisdom1 x is en\gh = !m to /& l dragons close by ! sacr$ ark1 or to drift ab\t l ! cl\ds1 to live l idle bellies1 giv5 ov] to ! pursuit ( sleep1 good liv+1 s5sual pleasures1 & to ga!r up ! money by :i* !y make !mselves huck/]s 9 religion & plund]]s ( ! ,*ri/ian p & practice _! deceits ^u bo? gods & m5 equally1 until ! v9e ( ! ,"l deg5]ates into a wild plant40 ,! ,italianiz$ ,greek w\ld see no diff]5ce betwe5 a ,tetzel & a ,f]r]i4 ,b !re /ill 7 s9c]ely good p :o reli%$ ! old hymns bett] ?an ! poli%$ paganism ( ! ,bi%op ( ,gu>da-,alfi]i4 ,f]r]i's hymns /ruck no root 9 spite ( ! favor ( two ,m$icean popes4 ,!y seem nev] to h rea*$ a second edition4 ,_! frankly pagan vocabul>y = ! expression ( ,*ri/ian ideas seems to h be5 too mu* = ev5 ! humani/s4 ,bi%op ,f]r]i does n seem to h liv$ to prep>e 8 %ort] & easi] ,brevi>y aft] ! same elegant b unsuitable fa%ion z 8 hymns4 ,s ,clem5t ,,vii4 put ! prep>ation ( a new ,brevi>y into ! h&s ( ano!r & a bett] man1 ,c>d9al ,francesco de ,quionez4 ,he 0 a ,spani% ,franciscan1 _h be5 g5]al ( 8 ord]1 & 0 made ,c>d9al by ,clem5t 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( diplomatic s]vices4 ,he enjoy$ ! confid5ce ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v41 & us$ x to rescue ! ,pope f 8 det5tion 9 ! ,ca/le ( ,san ,angelo1 :5 he 0 besieg$ !re aft] ! tak+ ( ,rome by ! ,imp]ial troops 9 #aebi4 ,?is is h>dly ! k9d ( record :i* w\ld lead u to look = a re=m] "u ! r$ hat ( our c>d9al4 ,b1 s f> z ! ,brevi>y 0 conc]n$1 he prov$ himself too rigor\s a re=m]1 if any?+4 ,8 "w 0 gov]n$ by two lead+ pr9ciples4 ,! fir/ 0 to simplify ! s]vices by dropp+ out ^? p>ts :i* _h be5 add$ la/4 ,! second 0 to use ! space ?us obta9$ to ins]t ampl] ,scripture lessons & m ,psalms1 s t1 z 9 e>li] times1 ! ,bible might be read ?r\gh once a ye> & ! ,psalt] once a week4 ,x is ?is la/ feature :i* has elicit$ ! praise ( ,prote/ant liturgi/s1 & x is kn[n t ! ,brevi>y ( ,quionez furni%$ ! basis = ! s]vices ( ! ,anglican ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 except+1 ( c\rse1 ! ,communion ,s]vice4 ,b un=tunately hymnologi/s are n able to jo9 9 ?is praise4 ,to get ! ,psalms said or sung ?r\gh once a week1 he dealt ne>ly z ru?lessly ) ! hymns z if he 7 a ,sec$]4 ,8 ,brevi>y appe>$ 9 #aece1bj & = ?irty-?ree ye>s its use 0 p]mitt$ to ecclesia/ics 9 _! private recitation ( ! h\rs4 ,x appe>$ 9 a l>ge numb] ( editions 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe1 s t its use mu/ h be5 ext5sive4 ,b x did n pass un*all5g$4 ,! doctors ( ! ,sorbonne at ,p>is hurri$ into ! ar5a ) _! condemnation ( x be=e ! ink 0 fully dry on ! fir/ copies4 ,!y decl>$ x a ?+ unhe>d ( to introduce into ,*ur* use a book :i* 0 ! production ( a s+le au?or1 & he--z !y wrongly alleg$--n ev5 a memb] ( any religi\s ord]4 ,fur!rmore1 he _h s %ort5$ & evisc]at$ ! leg5ds = ! sa9ts' days1 besides omitt+ _m1 t nobody c\ld tell :at virtues & :at miracles entitl$ !m to commemoration4 ,above all he _h omitt$ ,pet] ,damiani's ,little ,(fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg96 ,mu* bett] f\nd$ 0 ! objection to ! omission ( p>ts long e/abli%$ 9 use1 su* z ! antiphons & _m ( ! hymns4 ,"h we mu/ side ) ! ,sorbonne aga9/ ,quionez4 ,x 0 n until #aefh t ! pres5t ,roman ,brevi>y appe>$4 ,:5 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t met 9 its f9al session 9 #aefb1 ! fir/ drafts ( a re=m$ ,brevi>y & ,missal 7 transmitt$ to ! ,fa!rs by ,pius ,,iv42 b !y 7 too busy ) que/ions ( discipl9e to d m ?an return ^! ) _! approbation4 ,! "w 0 publi%$ by ,pius ,v4 9 ,july1 #aefh1 & its use 0 made obligatory ^u all dioceses :i* _h n _h a ,brevi>y ( _! own 9 use = two hundr$ ye>s previ\sly4 ,?is is 9 sub/ance ! ,brevi>y n[ 9 use ?r\gh\t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,x und]w5t1 h[ev]1 two fur!r revisions4 ,t "u ,clem5t ,,viii41 f9i%$ 9 #afjb1 0 by a commission 9 :i* ,c>d9als ,bell>m9e1 ,b>onius1 & ,silvius ,antonianus 7 memb]s4 ,t "u ,urban ,,viii41 complet$ 9 #afca1 conc]ns u m directly1 & especially ! "p ( x :i* 0 effect$ by ?ree le>n$ ,jesuits3 ,famiano ,/rada1 ,hi]onimo ,petrucci1 & ,t>qu9io ,galucci1 :o _h 9 _! h&s ! revision ( ! hymns4 ,! ?ree revis]s1 all ( !m poets ( "s di/9ction1 & ! fir/ fam\s = 8 hi/ory ( ! w>s 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 _h to /e] a middle c\rse 9 ! matt] ( revision4 ,none ( !m 7 radical humani/s aft] ! fa%ion ( ,za*>ia ,f]r]i2 t fa%ion1 inde$1 _h gone out ) ! rise ( ! c\nt]-re=mation & ( ! great ord] to :i* !y belong$4 ,yet 9 ! matt] ( 8metre & ,lat9ity10 ( :i* ,f]r]i boa/$ on 8 title page a hundr$ ye>s be=e1 ! revival ( classical s*ol>%ip _h e/abli%$ a /&>d to :i* ! old hymns ev5 ( ! ,ambrosian p]iod did n con=m4 ,! revis]s pr(ess _! anxiety to make z few *anges z possible2 b ,pope ,urban1 9 8 bull ,psalmodiam sanctam prefix$ to ! book1 ann\nces t all ! hymns--except ! v few :i* made no pret5sion to metrical =m--_h be5 con=m$ to ! laws ( prosody & ( ! ,lat9 tongue1 ^? :i* c\ld n be am5d$ 9 any mild] way be+ rewritt5 ?r\gh\t4 ,b>tolomeo ,gavanti1 a memb] ( ! ,commission ( ,revision1 b labor+ 9 ano!r dep>tm5t1 tells u t m ?an n9e hundr$ alt]ations 7 made = ! sake ( correct metre1 ) ! result ( *ang+ ! fir/ l9es ( m ?an ?irty ( ! n9ety-six hymns ! ,brevi>y !n conta9$2 t ! ?ree by ,aqu9as on ! sacram5t1 ! ,ave ,m>is /ella1 ! ,cu/odes hom9um1 & a v few o!rs1 7 left z !y 74 ,?is1 !n1 is ! g5esis ( ! class ( hymns designat$ 9 ! collections z traceable no f>!r back ?an ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,"s ( !m are orig9al1 be+ ! "w ( ,silvius ,antonianus1 ,bell>m9e1 or ,urban ,,viii4 himself1 or ( au?ors ( t age ^: au?or%ip has n be5 trac$4 ,b ! great] "p are reca/s ( anci5t hymns to meet ! dem&s ( ! humani/ /&>ds ( metre & ,lat9ity4 ,x is n easy to give a m]ely ,engli% read] any adequate idea ( ! sort ( *anges by :i* ,/rada & 8 associates adapt$ ! old hymns to mod]n use4 ,b = ^? :o c read ,lat9 "s specim5s are wor? giv+4 ,take fir/ ! great sacram5tal hymn ( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury3 ,ad co5am ,agni providi ,et /olis albis c&idi1 ,po/ transitum m>is ,rubri ,*ri/o canamus pr9cipi1 ,cujus corpus sanctissimum ,9 ara crucis torridum1 ,cruore ejus roseo ,gu/&o vivimus ,deo ,protecti pas*ae vesp]o ,a deva/ante angelo ,erepti de durissimo ,ph>aonis imp]io4 ,jam pas*a no/rum ,*ri/us e/ ,qui immolatus agnus e/1 ,s9c]itatis azyma ,c>o ejus oblata e/4 ,o v]a digna ho/ia ,p] quam fracta sunt t>t>a ,r$empta plebs captivata1 ,r$dita vitae praemia ,cum surgit ,*ri/us tumulo ,victor r$it de b>a?ro1 ,tyrannum trud5s v9culo1 ,et res]ans p>adisum ,quaesumus1 auctor omnium ,9 hoc pas*ali gaudio3 ,ab omni mortis impetu ,tuum def5de populum4 ,ad regias ,agni dapes ,/olis amicti c&idis ,po/ transitum m>is ,rubri ,*ri/o canamus pr9cipi3 ,div9a cujus *>itas ,sacrum prop9at sangu9em1 ,almique membra corporis ,amor sac]dos immolat ,sp>sum cruorem po/ibus ,va/ator horret angelus3 ,fugitque divisum m>e ,m]guntur ho/es fluctibus4 ,jam ,pas*a no/rum ,*ri/us e/ ,pas*alis idem victima1 ,et pura puris m5tibus ,s9c]itatis azyma ,o v]a coeli victima ,subjecta cui sunt t>t>a1 ,soluta mortis v9cula1 ,recepta vitae praemia ,victor subactis inf]is ,trophaea ,*ri/us explicat1 ,coeloque ap]to1 subditum ,regem t5ebr>um trahit4 ,ut sis p]5ne m5tibus ,pas*ale1 ,jesu1 gaudium3 ,a morte dira crim9um ,vitae r5atos lib]a4 ,n[ x is impossible to d5y to ! revis$ v]sion m]its ( its own4 ,n only does x use ! ,lat9 words :i* classic usage requires--z dapes 9 poetry = co5a1 recepta = r$dita1 inf]is = b>a?ro--b x br+s into cle>] view ! facts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t /ory :i* ! hymn treats z typical ( ! ,*ri/ian passov]4 ,! 7imp]fect7 rhyme ( ! orig9al is ev]y:]e sacrific$ to ! dem&s ( metre1 :i* probably is no loss4 ,b ! ga9 is n 9 simplicity1 vigor1 & fre%ness4 ,9 ^! ! old hymn is mu* sup]ior4 ,! la/ v]se b "o1 = in/ance1 pres5ts 9 ! old hymn a di/9ct & liv+ picture--! picture ,lu!r tells u he delight$ 9 :5 a boy *ori/] s++ ! ,ea/] songs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b 9 ! reca/ ! vividness is blurr$1 & classic rem9isc5ce takes ! place ( ! simple & direct spee* ! e>ly ,*ur* made = itself out ( ! ,lat9 tongue4 ,take aga9 ! fir/ "p ( ! d$ication hymn1 ( :i* ,angul>e fundam5tum is ! conclusion3 ,urbs beata ,hi]usalem ,dicta pacis visio ,quae con/ruitur 9 coelis ,vivis ex lapidibus ,et angelis coronata ,ut sponsata comite ,nova v5i5s e coelo ,nuptiali ?alamo ,praep>ata1 ut sponsata ,copulatur dom9o1 ,plateae et muri ejus ,ex auro purissimo ,portae nit5t m>g>itis ,adytis pat5tibus1 ,et virtute m]itorum ,illuc introducitur ,omnis1 qui pro ,*ri/i nom9e ,hoc 9 mundo premitur ,tunsionibus1 pressuris ,expoliti lapides ,suis coaptantur locis ,p] manum artificis1 ,disponuntur p]mansuri ,sacris a$ificiis4 ,coele/is urbs ,j]usalem ,beata pacis visio ,quae celsa de viv5tibus ,saxis ad a/ra toll]is1 ,sponsaeque ritu c+]is ,mille angelorum millibus4 ,o sorte nupta prosp]a1 ,dotata ,patris gloria1 ,resp]sa ,sponsi gratia ,reg9a =mosissima1 ,*ri/o jugata pr9cipi ,coelo corusca civitas4 ,hic m>g>itis emicant ,pat5tque cunctis o/ia1 ,virtute namque praevia ,mortalis illuc ducitur ,amore ,*ri/i p]citus ,torm5ta quisquis su/95t4 ,scalpri salubris ictibus ,et tunsione plurima1 ,fabri polita malleo ,hanc saxa molem con/ruunt1 ,aptisque juncta nexibus ,locantur 9 fa/idia4 ,daniel 9 8 fir/ volume pr9ts fifty-five ( ^! reca/s 9 p>allel columns ) ! orig9als1 & to t we w ref] our read]s = fur!r specim5s4 ,x is gratify+ to "k t n all ! s*ol>%ip ( t age 0 ins5sible to ! qualities :i* ! revis]s sacrific$4 ,h5ry ,valesius1 al?\gh only a layman & a lov] ( good ,lat9--z 8 v]sions ( ! hi/orians ( ! e>ly ,*ur* %[--utt]$ a fi]ce b ineffectual prote/ 9 favor ( ! e>ly & m$iaeval hymns4 ,& ! ,m>quis ( ,bute1 a conv]t to ,ca?olicism1 :o publi%$ an ,engli% translation ( ! ,brevi>y 9 #ahgi1 says t ! revis]s ( #afjb 8) deplorable ta/e made a s]ies ( *anges 9 ! texts ( ! hymns1 :i* has be5 disa/r\s bo? to ! lit]>y m]it & ! hi/orical int]e/ ( ! poems40 ,he hopes = a fur!r revision :i* %all undo ?is mis*ief1 b 9 o!r respects return to ! type furni%$ by ! ,brevi>y ( ,quionez4 ,! translations f ! hymns ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y h be5 v abundant4 ,^? by ,prote/ants h be5 due to ! fact t ! texts ev5 ( anci5t hymns 7 s mu* m accessible 9 _! ,brevi>y v]sion ?an 9 _! orig9al =m4 ,among ,roman ,ca?olics1 ( c\rse1 o!r consid]ations h weight2 & 9 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,caswall's ,lyra ,ca?olica & ,mr4 ,orby ,%ipley's ,annus ,sanctus w be f\nd "s v admirable v]sions4 ,! latt] book is an an?ology f ! ,roman ,ca?olic translators f ,john ,dryd5 to ,john ,h5ry ,newman4 ,f ! ,brevi>y text ,mr4 ,duffield has made ! foll[+ translations ( two hymns by ,gregory ! ,great3 ,,jam ,,lucis ,,orto ,,sid]e4 ,n[ ) ! ris5 /> ( dawn1 ,to ,god z suppliants we pray1 ,t he may keep u free f h>m1 ,& guide u ?r\gh an active day4 ,may he1 re/ra9+1 gu>d ! tongue1 ,le/ x be f\nd to /rive & cry1 ,&1 le/ x dr9k 9 vanities1 ,may he protect ! wayw>d eye4 ,let all our inmo/ ?\ghts be pure1 ,& he$lessness ( he>t be gone2 ,let self-d5y+ dr9k & food ,hold pride & fle% securely d[n1 ,t :5 ! day at l5g? is pa/1 ,& night 9 turn has come to m51 ,?r\gh ab/95ce f e>?1 we may ,give !e ! only glory !n4 ,to ,god ! ,fa!r be ! praise1 ,& to 8 sole-begott5 ,son1 ,& to ! ,holy ,p>aclete1 ,n[ & until all "t be done4 ,,ecce ,,jam ,,noctis ,,t5uatur ,,umbra4 ,lo1 n[1 ! %ad[s ( ! night are break+1 ,:ile 9 ! ea/ ! ris+ daylight bright5s1 ,!re=e ) praises w we all adore !e1 ,"l ,god ,almighty6 ,h[ do? our ,god1 commis]at+ mortals1 ,drive away sorr[1 (f]+ !m safety1 ,s9ce he %all give u1 ?r\gh pat]nal k9dness1 ,rule 9 ! heav5s6 ,?is let ! bless$ ,deity af=d u1 ,fa!r & ,son & equal ,holy ,_s1 ,^: ?r\gh ! e>? be glory 9 all places ,ev] res\nd+4 ,also ?is translation ( ! ,brevi>y reca/ ( ! ,urbs beata ,hi]usalem ( ! sev5? or eigh? c5tury3 ,,coele/is ,,urbs ,,j]usalem4 ,o heav5ly t[n1 ,j]usalem1 ,?\ bless$ dawn ( peace1 ,h[ l(ty f ! liv+ rock ,?y />ry walls increase1 ,:]e ?\s&1 ?\s& angels /&1 ,& praises nev] cease4 ,o bride1 ^: lot is aye s]5e1 ,! ,fa!r's /ate is ?9e2 ,?\ art ! ev]-faire/ que5 ,adorn$ ) grace div9e2 ,unit$ unto ,*ri/1 ?y ,head1 ,?y heav5ly =m do? %9e4 ,h[ s(tly gleam ?y pe>ly gates ,:i* op5 wide to all1 ,"h virtue ent]$ long ago1 ,& unto m5 do? call1 ,:o lov$ ! ,"l ?r\gh mortal pa91 ,& f\ght & did n fall4 ,?y beauty came by *isel /roke ,& _m a hamm]-bl[2 ,! workman's hamm] wr\ght ! /one ,:i* builde? !e bel[2 ,& jo9$ ) bonds ( apte/ skill ,?y spl5did turrets gl[4 ,!n honor unto ,god mo/ high ,z x 0 due ( yore2 ,& ?us ! ,fa!r's only ,son ,& ,_s we adore1 ,to :om be glory1 p[]1 & praise ,?r\gh ages ev]more4 ,to ^! ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson p]mits u to add1 z a specim5 ( ! lat] hymns ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 8 translation ( ,,cur ,,rel9quis1 ,,deus1 ,,coelum4 ,o ,god1 :y did/ ?\ put aside ,= ?is vile e>? ?y heav5 above8 ,did/ ?\ expect !re w\ld betide ,!e "h ! m9i/ry ( love8 ,t e>? _h honor1 ,"l1 = !e8 ,honor & love6 nay1 v]ily1 ,ly+ 9 wick$ness1 e>? kn[s ,n h[ to love !e1 b ?y foes4 ,be?lehem prov$ :at love = !e ,?is pres5t evil _w ha?1 :5 ,%e %ut aga9/ !e cruelly ,! doors left wide = o!r m51 ,& =c$ !e to ! hovel1 :]e-- ,wide op5 to ! w9t] air-- ,! v bea/s c\ld sc>cely live2 ,no o!r %elt] w\ld %e give4 ,come1 ,jesus1 f t hovel cold1 ,expos$ to all ! w9ds t bl[1 ,*ill$ by discom=t manifold1 ,f ! poor c\* all wet ) sn[4 ,my all a c\* = !e ,i make1 ,my he>t ! %elt] ?\ %all take4 ,i give x all1 ,i give my be/1 ,t 7 = !e a bett] re/4 ,my he>t to love !e1 ,"l1 desires1 ,&1 lov+1 pr(f]s love's w>m kiss4 ,! kiss1 to give :i* %e aspires1 ,honor & adoration is4 ,take ?\ f me ?is honor true2 ,take ?\ ! love :i* is ?y due2 ,= ?is1 my loyal (f]+1 ,out ( my v he>t ,i br+4 ,my he>t1 all burn+ ) ! fire ,( love to !e1 w\ld *]i% ?9e2 ,b ?\ t love can/ k9dle high]1 ,& ?\ wilt r *]i% m9e4 ,= ?\ art ,love1 & can/ inflame ,! he>ts ( !m t love ?y "n ,) ?9e own self1 & n ) wood2 ,?\ art ! v ,fire ( ,god4 ,come1 !n1 ,o ,fire ( ,god1 to me6 ,come1 ,love1 & nev] m dep>t6 ,ent] ! place prep>$ = !e1 ,! %elt] ( my lov+ he>t6 ,i'll spread !e !re a c\* ( re/1 ,& deem myself supremely ble/1 ,if ,i may ev]more abide ,lov+1 belovd1 at ?y side4 ,:ile we h to treat r ( hymns ?an ( hymn-writ]s 9 deal+ ) ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 !re is mu* ( p]sonal int]e/ atta*+ to ! ,brevi>y ( ,p>is1 its great rival 9 hymnological int]e/4 ,a slight revision ( ! hymns ( ?is ,brevi>y 0 effect$ 9 #aebg--( :i* ! ,urbs ,j]usalem beata is a type--& only ) ! idea ( correct+ corruptions ( ! text4 ,b ! ,roman revision ( #aefh-afca affect$ ! ,gallican ,*ur*'s s]vices v slightly4 ,9 no "p ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic _w 7 ! rights ( ! national ,*ur* gu>d$ s c>efully z 9 ,france1 until ,napoleon b>ga9$ !m away by ! ,concordat ( #ahja4 ,! ,fr5* bi%ops & mona/ic ord]s cont9u$ to reta9 _! old s]vice-books long aft] uni=mity _h be5 e/abli%$1 "u plea ( unity1 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,*ur*2 & !y made su* alt]ations 9 !m z !y ?\ght necess>y to ! edification ( _! p4 ,x 0 ! ,ord] ( ,cluny :i* fir/ took /eps t[>d ! sub/itution ( new hymns = ^? ^: use _h be5 sanction$ by long tradition4 ,! g5]al *apt] ( t bran* ( ! great ,b5$ict9e family 9 #afgf-gh *>g$ ,paul ,rabusson & ,claude de ,v]t ) ! prep>ation ( a new ,brevi>y4 ,on ,rabusson1 :o 0 tea*+ !ology 9 ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,m>t9 des ,*amps 9 ,p>is1 ! labor *iefly fell4 ,he appli$ to ,claude ,santeul1 a p5sion] ( ! ecclesia/ical sem9>y atta*$ to ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,magloire1 ask+ him to prep>e ! new hymns4 ,claude ,santeul 7,santolius ,maglorianus7 agre$ to d s1 & made "s progress 9 ! "w4 ,he f9i%$ six hymns1 :i* 7 ins]t$ 9 ! new ,brevi>y1 & at 8 dea? 7#afhd7 he left two manuscript volumes ( unf9i%$ hymns among 8 pap]s4 ,b he f\nd t 8 be+ select$ _h excit$ ! jeal\sy ( 8 y\ng] bro!r1 ,jean ,santeul1 a canon ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,victor 7,santolius ,victor9us71 :o already 0 recogniz$ z ! f9e/1 b by no means ! mo/ edify+ ( ! ,lat9 poets ( ! ,france ( 8 "t4 ,claude gladly gave place to 8 bro!r--:o 0 accept$ by ! ,cluny ,fa!rs--9 ! hope t ! "w ( writ+ hymns w\ld div]t him f ! pagan poetiz+1 :i* 0 reg>d$ z unbecom+ to 8 clo?4 ,jean ,santeul is ! odde/ figure 9 ! annals ( ,lat9 hymnology1 :i* is say+ a good deal4 ,he is 8a man ( :om x is h>d to speak )\t fall+ into c>icature10 ,sa9te-,beuve says 7,caus]ies de ,lundi1 ,,xii41 #bj-ef74 ,he comb9$ ! tal5t ( a poet ( nature's mak+ ) ! simplicity ( a *ild & ! vanity & wit ( a g5u9e ,fr5*man4 ,he recalls ,la ,fonta9e by _m ( 8 traits1 &1 "u ! "n ( 8,!odas10 he has furni%$ ,la ,bruyre ) ! mat]ials = "o ( ! clev]e/ portraits 9 ! ,c>actres 7#afhg74 ,8 mode ( life 0 a sc&al to ,de ,rance & o!r sev]e ,*ur*m51 :o 7 labor+ = ! re/oration ( /rict mona/ic discipl9e4 ,8 love ( good liv+ & ! *>m ( 8 society & 8 talk c>ri$ him (f f 8 mona/]y & 8 h\rs1 sometimes = weeks toge!r4 ,8 ,lat9 inscriptions1 :i* adorn$ ! f\nta9s1 bridges1 & public monum5ts ( ,p>is1 at once gave him recognition z ! poet laureate & p5sion] ( ! gr&e mon>que1 & z a prie/ ^: poetry dealt m 9 ! pagan deities ?an 9 any di/9ctively ,*ri/ian ref]5ces4 ,he 0 n an immoral man 9 any gross s5se4 ,ev5 z a bon vivant1 he does n seem to h transgress$ :at 7 recogniz$ z ! b\nds ( sobriety1 & 8 poetry is z free z 0 8 life f lic5ti\sness4 ,b he 0 frivol\s1 gay1 reckless1 & z worldly z 0 consi/5t ) 8 be+ a gr[n-up *ild4 ,ev]ybody1 ev5 sev]e & sil5t ,de ,rance at ,la ,trappe1 lik$ him1 b ev]ybody %ook 8 head ov] ! inconsi/5cy ( 8 life ) 8 mona/ic vocation1 & none m sorr[fully ?an 8 good bro!r ,claude at ,/4 ,magloire4 ,n[ at la/ !re seem$ to be ! opportunity to reclaim him by occupy+ 8 m9d & 8 art ) s]i\s subjects1 & by br++ him into edify+ associations ) good m54 ,t he 0 n en\gh ( a !ologian to dis*>ge ! task satisfactorily ( himself1 0 r an advantage f ?is po9t ( view4 ,! eloqu5t & le>n$ ,jans5i/1 ,nicolas le ,t\rneux1 und]took ! "w ( coa*+ him4 ,! p>tn]%ip work$ reasonably well4 ,( c\rse hymns produc$ by ?is k9d ( division ( labor1 9 :i* "o took c>e ( ! s5se & ano!r ( ! expression1 h ! defects ( _! me?od4 ,b ,le ,t\rneux 0 z c>eful ( ! poet z ( 8 v]se4 ,8 sev]e eye detect$ ! play ( ,santeul's vanity ev5 9 ! "w ( writ+ hymns4 8,reflect1 my de> bro!r10 he wrote1 8t :ile 9 ! visible & militant ,*ur* "o may s+ ! praises ( ,god ) an impure he>t & defil$ lips1 x w n be s 9 heav54 ,y h burnt inc5se 9 y\r v]se1 b !re 0 /range fire 9 ! c5s]4 ,vanity furni%es y\r motive :]e x ought to be *>ity40 ,he objects to ,santeul's call+ himself 8! poet ( ,jesus ,*ri/10 :ile he admits t va9 glory leads him to write hymns4 8,if y & ,i 7 all we ought to be10 wrote ! sev]e ,jans5i/1 8we w\ld quake ) fe> at hav+ d>$1 y to s+ & ,i to prea* ( ! hol9ess ( ,god1 )\t a "r s5se ( x4 ,we %all be only too happy if ,he p>don our s]mons & our v]ses40 ,p]haps ! sev]ity 0 ne$$ & did good4 ,s ,le ,t\rneux sugge/$ & all b wrote ! pray] 9 :i* ,santeul d$icat$ 8 hymns to our ,"l3 8,receive :at is ,?9e2 =give :at is m9e4 ,?9e is :atev] ,i h utt]$ t is good & holy4 ,m9e t ,i h h&l$ ,?y good ?+s unwor?ily1 & n f desire to please ,!e1 b f an undue pride ( poetry1 ( :i* ,i am a%am$4 ,?\ ha/ giv5 me songs to praise ,!e4 ,give me pray]s1 give me te>s to wa% away ! /a9s ( a life less ?an ,*ri/ian40 ,8 hymns mu/ h circulat$ 9 manuscript be=e _! publication1 = we f9d ,de ,rance 9 #afhc prais+ ^? 9 commemoration ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 :ile notic+ t ! old hymns1 if less excell5t z lit]ature1 _h a m rev]5tial _s4 ,9 #afhe1 a ye> 9 advance ( ! new ,brevi>y1 ,santeul publi%$ !m 9 ! fir/ collection he made ( !m4#ba ,_! m]its made a mu* deep] impression ?an _! defects4 ,s*ol>s & ,*ur*m5 alike 7 /ruck by _! rhetorical vigor1 ! frequ5t boldness ( _! conception1 ! beautiful succession ( s5tim5ts & images1 ! exquisite cle>ness ( ! s5se1 & n by ! factiti\s "* ( _! en?usiasm1 z ,sa9te-,beuve puts x1 or ! frequ5t monotony 9 ! treatm5t ( cognate !mes4 ,! ,brevi>y1 9 fact1 _h ceas$ to be ! voice ( ! ,*ri/ian congregation4 ,! sup]session ( ,lat9 by ! national languages ( ,we/]n ,europe _h made x ! pray]-book ( a class educat$ to reli% only ! classic =ms ( ,lat9 v]se1 & to reg>d ! simplicity ( ! e>ly hymn-writ]s z b>b>\s4 ,santeul wrote = prie/s ^: ta/es _h be5 =m$ on ,horace & ,virgil1 & he br\ght into ^! rigid =ms z mu* ( g5u9e ,*ri/ian feel+ & doctr9e z ! age requir$4 ,he 0 all ! happi] 9 ^! respects1 z ,le ,t\rneux1 :o himself contribut$ to ! new ,brevi>y1 0 ( t ,jans5i/ s*ool 9 :i* religion1 belittl$ by ! pett9ess & ! casui/ry ( ! ,jesuits1 once m pres5t$ itself 9 its gr&eur & its sev]ity4 ,! excell5ce ( ,santeul's hymns at once creat$ a dem& = _! introduction 9 o!r *ur*es & dioceses1 & = 8 s]vices z a hymn-writ]4 ,sev]al ( ! be/ 7 introduc$ by ,ar*bi%op ,h>lay into ! lat] editions ( 8 revis$ ,p>is ,brevi>y1 :i* _h appe>$ 9 #afhj4 ,s ! bi%ops ( _m o!r ,fr5* dioceses--,r\51 ,s5s1 ,n>bonne1 ,massillon ( ,cl]mont1 & o!rs--adopt$ 8 hymns into _! brevi>ies aft] 8 dea?4 ,& z he gallantly said1 he _h ! pleasure :ile /ill liv+ ( he>+ !m 8sung by ! angels at ,port ,royal40 ,o!r ord]s begg$ him to commemorate _! f\nd]s & _! especial sa9ts2 dioceses & *ur*es 9 o!r p>ts ( ,france invok$ 8 good (fices4 ,h5ce x is t ( 8 two hundr$ & tw5ty-eight hymns n "o 9 five is occupi$ ) ! great fe/ivals ( ! ,*ur* ye>1 b are specific or g5]al hymns to ! honor ( ! sa9ts1 m>tyrs1 & doctors ( ! ,*ur* ( ,france especially4 ,! ru% ( popul>ity--n unaccompani$ by solid rew>ds1 = ! good fa!rs ( ! ,cluny ,ord] gave him a p5sion--seems to h turn$ ,santeul's n v well-balanc$ head4 ,le ,t\rneux's admonitions 7 =gott54 ,he ran f *ur* to *ur* to he> 8 hymns sung1 & sc&aliz$ congregations by 8 demon/rations ( delight or disgu/ z ! music 0 appropriate or o!rwise2 he declaim$ !m 9 all sorts ( places1 suitable & unsuitable1 to extort ! admiration he lov$ s de>ly4 ,he did n =get to tell t ev5 ! sev]e ,de ,rance _h writt5 f ,la ,trappe to ?ank him = 8 hymn on ,/4 ,b]n>d1 b t = 8 own "p he valu$ ! g5]al hymn on ! ,doctors ( ! ,*ur* above any o!r4 ,naturally he _h little good to say ( ! hymns 8 7 to displace4 ,if any?+ c\ld make a pagan ( him1 x w\ld be ! bad gramm> ( ^? old monki% poets1 :o sacrific$ s5se & gramm> alike to _! /upid rhymes4 ,& s he w\ld run on by ! h\r to anybody :o w\ld li/51 ) an egotism ^: v *ildi%ness & frankness made x in(f5sive4 ,( c\rse he claim$ ! di/9ction ( be+ ! be/ ,lat9 poet 9 ,france4 ,fr5* poetry he despis$1 z be+ writt5 9 a language incapable ( ! t]se elegance ( ,lat94 ,b 9 ,lat9 v]se he w\ld he> ( no rival4 ,du ,pri]1 :o _h q z mu* vanity1 ) only a fraction ( 8 g5ius1 *all5g$ 8 pret5sions4 ,! two poets wrote v]ses on ! same !me1 & !n set out to f9d an arbit]4 ,! fir/ fri5d to :om !y appeal$ 0 ,mnage1 :o evad$ ! responsibility by decl>+ !m equally excell5t4 ,! next !y met 0 ,rac9e4 ,he fir/ got possession ( ! /akes & deposit$ !m 9 ! poor's box at ! door ( a *ur* ne> by1 & !n gave ! poets a r\nd scold+ = _! absurd rivalry6 ,! hymns ( ,santeul are be/ kn[n to ,engli% read]s ?r\gh ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 :i* conta9 "s v f9e v]sions1 orig9al & select$4 ,n includ$ !re is t :i* ,sa9te ,beuve pron\nces 8 f9e/ hymn1 & = ^: ret5tion 9 ! ,brevi>y he pleads aga9/ ! crusad]s1 :o 9 ! "n ( antiquity insi/ on replac+ ,santeul & ,c(f9 by ,/rada & ,galucci4 ,out ( respect = ! greate/ ( mod]n critics1 we repr9t x1 ) a translation f ! p5 ( ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson4 ,x commemorates ! ,pres5tation ( our ,"l 9 ! ,temple4 ,/upete g5tes1 fit ,deus ho/ia3 ,se sponte legi ,legif] obligat3 ,orbis ,r$emptor nunc r$emptus3 ,seque piat s9e labe mat]4 ,de m matrum1 ,virgo pu]p]a ,templo /atutos ab/9uit dies4 ,intr>e sanctam quid pavebas1 ,facta ,dei prius ipsa templum8 ,ara sub una se vovit ho/ia ,triplex3 honorem virg9eum immolat ,virgo sac]dos1 p>va mollis ,membra pu]1 s5iorque vitam4 ,eheu6 quot enses transadig5t tuum ,pectus6 quot altis nata doloribus1 ,o ,virgo6 ,quem ge/as1 cru5tam ,imbuet hic sac] ,agnus aram4 ,*ri/us futuro1 corpus adhuc t5]1 ,praeludit insons victima fun]i3 ,crescet2 pr(uso vir cruore1 ,omne scelus mori5s piabit4 ,sit summa ,patri1 summaque ,filio1 ,sanctoque comp> gloria ,flam9i3 ,sanctae litemus ,tr9itati ,p]petuo pia corda cultu4 ,wond]1 ye nations6 div9e is ! sacrifice4 ,lo1 8 own law ! ,lawgiv] obeys6 ,n[ ! ,r$eem] r$eem$ is1 & purifies ,h]self ! "m pure4 ,look ) amaze6 ,all ! days set by ! law = a "m1 ,%e f ! temple ( ,god ha? delay$4 ,:y %\ld %e /ay )\t1 z might ano!r1 ,%e :o ! temple ( ,god ha? be5 made8 ,at ! "o alt> ?reefold is ! sacrifice4 ,"m1 :o (f]s h] pure virg9 he>t2 ,babe1 8 fair body t 9 h] fond arms lies2 ,ag$ sa9t1 life1 ready n[ to dep>t4 ,oh b :at sword ?r\gh h] he>t %all be go+6 ,oh to :at sorr[ is born h] fair *ild6 ,ov] :at alt> 8 blood w be fl[+6 ,he :om %e be>s1 ! ,lamb holy & mild4 ,*ri/1 9 8 infantile body s t5d]1 ,spotless 9 purity1 "h ha? =e%[n1 ,sign ( ! sacrifice he %all yet r5d]1 ,dy+ ! s9 ( ! _w to atone4 ,n[ to ! ,fa!r 9 glory sup]nal1 ,n[ to ! ,son1 & ! ,_s above1 ,n[ to ! ,triune1 all holy1 et]nal1 ,wor%ip be ev] 9 fai? & 9 love6 ,z a poet ,santeul fell f grace 9 #afhi1 :5 he fell back on 8 pagan div9ities 9 a poem address$ to ! keep] ( ! royal g>d5s4 ,bossuet made a great ado ov] x1 b ,fnelon & o!rs judg$ him m g5tly4 ,next ye> he goes to see ,la ,trappe1 & writes a f9e poem on ,holy ,solitude 7,sancta ,solitudo71 :i* extort$ fre% praise f ,de ,rance1 & aft]w>d f ,sa9te-,beuve4 ,b f\r ye>s lat] he got into ! wor/ scrape ( 8 life by a flatt]+ epitaph on ! great ,arnauld1 :o di$ 9 #afid4 ,santeul always _h be5 m or less associat$ ) ! ,jans5i/ p>ty1 a fact :i* 0 n =gott5 :5 8 hymns 7 expell$ f ! *ur*es ( ,france 9 our own c5tury4 ,!re is pres]v$ an acc\nt ( a visit he paid to ,port ,royal1 9 :i* he *att]$ to ! nuns ) equal fre$om ( 8 own hymns & ( _! virtues4 ,b he 0 n ( ! /uff ( :i* m>tyrs are made4 ,! ,jesuits _h ! k+'s e>1 & he 0 a p5sion] ( ! k+'s b\nty4 ,!y assail$ him = 8 eulogy ( ! ar*-,jans5i/1 & ?reat5$ him ) ! disfavor ( ,l\is ,,xiv42 & he ha/5$ to make am5ds 9 a poetical epi/le1 ( :i* he made two copies4 ,by ! adroit *ange ( ! t5se ( a s+le ^w he made ! copy = ! ,jesuits retract 8 praises ( 8 great fri5d1 :ile t = ! g5]al public did no?+ ( ! sort4 ,z a consequ5ce he came (f ) no cr$it on ei!r side4 ,bo? ,jesuits & ,jans5i/s res5t$ 8 duplicity1 & a f9e %[] ( squibs & pamphlets fell on him f bo? ! ho/ile =ces1 until he 0 =c$ to cry = qu>t]1 & ,b\rdal\e made 8 peace4 ,he di$ 9 #afig 9 ,burgundy1 :i!r he _h accompani$ ! y\ng] ,cond to ! meet+ ( ! ,e/ates4 ,/4 ,simon has told a v unpleasant /ory ( ! cause ( 8 dea?4 ,he ascribes x to ,cond's hav+ made him dr9k a b[l ( w9e into :i* he _h empti$ 8 snuff-box1 8j to see :at w\ld come ( x40 ,b ! pr9ce ( sc&almong]s has be5 disprov5 on ?is po9t4 ,santeul's dea? 0 due to no su* cause1 b to an inflammation ( ! b[els & to ! malpractice ( 8 doctors1 :o gave him emetics "u ! false impression t he 0 suff]+ f a surfeit4 ,he made a good end1 dy+ ) resignation1 & begg+ p>don = ! sc&al 8 life _h caus$4 ,8 hymns 7 n )\t _! critics 9 8 own age4 ,jean ,bapti/e ,?i]s1 a p>i% prie/ ( great le>n+ & bad temp]1 assail$ ! ,brevi>y ( ,cluny 79 8 ,comm5t>ii de novo ,brevi>io ,cluniac5si1 ,brussels1 #agjb71 & did n sp>e ,santeul's hymns1 :i* he decl>$ to be mu* inf]ior to ^? :i* _h come d[n f ! e>li] days ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he decl>$ t ,santeul _h a great] abundance ( words ?an ( s5se1 t he _h almo/ no p[]s ( ?\ght1 & t "s ( 8 images1 su* z t 9 :i* he wrea!s a g>l& ( /ones = ! m>tyr ,/eph51 7 simply ridicul\s4 ,he 0 answ]$ n by ,rabusson1 b by 8 associate1 ,claude de ,v]t1 aft] :at fa%ion ,i d n "k4 ,x 0 9 #agcf t ! ,brevi>y ( ! ,diocese ( ,p>is 0 publi%$ 9 its ?ird & f9al revision by a commission ( ?ree ecclesia/ics3 ,franois-,anto9e ,vigi]1 ,franois-,philippe ,mes5gui1 & ,*>les ,c(f94 ,x is a significant fact t ! second belong$ to t ,jans5i/ p>ty 9 ! ,*ur* :i* ! rel5tless ef=ts ( ! ,pope1 ! hi]>*y1 & ! k+s ( ,france _h n be5 able to ext]m9ate4 ,ar*bi%op de ,v9timille 0 z eag] to accompli% t z 8 pr$ecessors _h be51 & he 0 ably second$ by t pi\s & or?odox pr9ce1 ,l\is ,,xv4 ,b ?is revision1 l t ( #afgj-hj1 0 a concession to ! hi/orical criticism :i* ! ,jans5i/s _h br\ght to be> ^u ! ,*ur* books bo? z to ! leg5ds ( ! sa9ts & ! extravagances ( ! gr[+ devotion to ! ,"m ( our ,"l4 ,mes5gui _h be5 dismiss$ f ! po/ ,c(f9 _h giv5 him 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is = 8 opposition to ! bull ,unig5itus1 :i* condemn$ ,quesnel's ,jans5i/ ,reflections on ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,c(f9's sympa?ies lay 9 ! same direction4 ,*>les ,c(f9 is ! man ( ! ?ree :o *iefly conc]ns u "h4 ,born at ,buzancy1 h>d by ,rheims1 9 #afgf1 he v e>ly di/+ui%$ himself z a ,lat9 poet & an educator4 ,he graduat$ at ,p>is 9 #agja1 & became a tea*] 9 ! ,college ( ,dormans-,beauvais1 & !n its pr9cipal 9 #agac4 ,five ye>s lat] he 0 *os5 to succe$ ,roll9 z ,rector ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,he at once %[$ 8 =ce ( "* by revolutioniz+ ! relation ( ! univ]sity to ! public ?r\gh aboli%+ ! fees exact$ ( ! /ud5ts4 ,to replace !m he ext5d$ & develop$ ! sy/em ( po/s & messages1 :i* ! univ]sity _h e/abli%$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury & :i* coexi/$ ) ! po/-(fice sy/em ( ! gov]nm5t1 ( :i* x 0 ! =]unn]4 ,he devot$ its rev5ues to ! support ( ! colleges4 ,he mu/ h be5 a "* ( great adm9i/rative capacity1 z 8 plans _h entire success1 & probably did mu* to fo/] ! developm5t ( ! po/-(fice sy/em ( ,france4 ,aft] rema9+ rector = ?ree ye>s1 he w5t back to 8 place at ! head ( ! ,dormans-,beauvais ,college1 & rema9$ !re till 8 dea?4 ,x 0 9 #agbg t ,*>les ,c(f9 publi%$ 8 fir/ volume ( ,lat9 poetry4 ,! mo/ notable piece 9 ! collection 0 a f9e ode 9 praise ( ,*ampagne4 ,s mu* 7 ! p ( ! ,*ampagne c\ntry pleas$ ) x1 t !y s5t him a hamp] ( e v9tage z long z he liv$1 :i* 0 tw5ty-two ye>s4 ,he also _h a h& 9 c>ry+ ,c>d9al de ,polignac's great poem1 ,anti-,lucretius1 to ! /ate ( complet5ess 9 :i* x 0 giv5 to ! public 9 #agde1 ?ree ye>s aft] its au?or's dea?4 ,he und]took ! "w ( revis+ ! old hymns & prep>+ new ) great reluctance1 yield+ only to ! entreaties ( ! ar*bi%op4 ,x 0 9 #agcf t ! ,brevi>y ,commission f9i%$ _! labors & ! ar*bi%op gave to ! diocese ! new ,brevi>y1 :i* 0 adopt$ by m ?an fifty ,fr5* dioceses4 ,its g5]al "* does n conc]n u "h4 ,x is ) its hymns alone we h to d4 ,ab\t sev5ty ( ! primitive & m$iaeval hymns /ill held _! place 9 ! ,brevi>y ( #afhj1 ne>ly half ( !m ! "w ( ,ambrose & 8 s*ool4 ,! revis]s sp>$ v few ( ^!4 ,only tw5ty-"o hymns ( ! e>li] p]iod 7 left1 :ile eighty-five ( ,jean ,santeul's1 ne>ly a hundr$ by ,c(f9 himself--includ+ "s reca/s ( old hymns--& n9ety-sev5 by o!r au?ors1 *iefly ,fr5*m5 ( lat] date1 7 ins]t$4 ,!re 7 elev5 by ,guillaume de la ,brunetire1 a fri5d ( ,bossuet's2 six ea* by ,claude ,santeul1 ,nicolas le ,t\rneux1 & ,seba/ian ,besnault1 a prie/ ( ,s5s2 five by ,isaac ,hab]t1 ,bi%op ( ,vabres2 f\r by ! ,jesuit ,jean ,commire2 two ea* by ! ,jesuit ,francis ,guyet & ,simon ,g\rdan ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,victor2 "o ea* by ,m>c ,anto9e ,muretus1 ,d5is ,petau1 & ,guillaume du ,plessis de ,ge/e2 "o 7or ?ree7 by ,m4 ,combault1 a "y fri5d ( ,*>les ,c(f9's4 ,?is 0 mod]nism ) a v5geance6 ,new hymns 7 ne>ly ?irte5 to "o 9 proportion to ^? f ! great /oreh\se ( ! ages be=e ! ,re=mation4 ,x is n wond]ful t s extreme a policy call$ =? a reaction z soon z ! ,romantici/ movem5t1 ) its ju/] appreciation ( ! ,middle ,ages1 _h rea*$ ,france4 ,b by ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! old ,lat9 hymns 7 bani%$ practically f ,france4 ,z comp>$ ) ,jean ,santeul1 ,*>les ,c(f9 displays mu* less poetic audacity ?an 8 pr$ecessor4 ,y d n feel t poetry fill$ ! same place 9 8 intellectual exi/5ce1 or t he 0 "u ! same necessity to write x4 ,he has less g5ius1 b a great tal5t = v]se4 ,&--:at ! critics ( t age valu$ ! mo/--he 0 m correct 9 8 h&l+ ( ! vocabul>y & ! metre ( ,lat9 v]sification4 ,santeul f\nd classic ,lat91 mu* z he admir$ x1 some?+ ( a fett] to ! free movem5t ( 8 g5ius4 ,x 0 a dead language he 0 try+ to put int5se life into--an old bottle = 8 new w9e--& at times ! bottle bur/4 ,j because ,*>les ,c(f9's w9e is n s new1 8 inspiration n s fre%1 ! bottle holds out bett]4 ,& !n he _h ! great] advantage ( a clos] famili>ity ) ! ideas he wi%$ to embody 9 8 hymns1 & ) _! s\rces 9 ! ,scriptures1 & a m practical capacity = ! application ( 8 p[]s to ! object 9 h&4 ,8 hymns are always 9 place2 !y are hymns ( ! ,brevi>y1 n brilliant poems on ,brevi>y subjects by a poet writ+ = glory4 ,i d n say t ,*>les ,c(f9 0 ! bett] man2 ,god only kn[s2 & ,i mu/ confess to a lik+ = 8! gay canon ( ,/4 ,victor0 :i* ! rector ( ! univ]sity does n inspire 9 me4 ,!re is a ,burns-l humanity 9 him & 8 h>mless vanities :i* w9s our love /ill1 z x did t ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,b ,*>les ,c(f9 _h a c]ta9 suitabl5ess to 8 "w :i* ,jean ,santeul lack$4 ,he 0 an em95tly dignifi$1 respectable1 & useful "*1 :o impress$ himself ^u a :ole g5]ation ( "y ,fr5*m51 _m ( :om rose to em95ce at ! b>1 9 ! public s]vice1 & ev5 9 ! army4 ,!y all look$ back to him ) great respect4 ,i wond] if !y lov$ him z ,m>k ,hopk9s & ,george ,all5 are lov$ by ^? :o /udi$ "u !m4 ,& 9 ,*>les ,c(f9's hymns y meet ! same admirable traits z 9 8 public "w4 ,he is a man ( enlight5m5t1 dignity1 dev\tness1 & em95t usefulness1 )\t a t\* ( ,rabelaisian ab&on to rem9d y ( ,brang]'s say+3 8,all we ,franais are *ildr5 ( ! great ,franois40 ,( t he rem9ds y only 9 8 sp>kl+1 eff]vesc5t ode to ,*ampagne1 9 reply to ,bnigne ,gr5an's ov]praise ( ,burgundy4 ,x 0 to be expect$ t :5 ! advocates ( liturgical uni=mity made _! attack ^u ! ,p>is ,brevi>y1 beg9n+ ) ,gu]ang]'s ,in/itutions ,liturgiques 7#ahdj-db71 x 0 ,santeul :om !y especially attack$1 al?\gh n he b ,c(f9 0 responsible = its hymnology4 ,*>les ,c(f9's hymns h a high level ( excell5ce1 :i* makes x difficult to an?ologize among !m4 ,c]ta9ly n ! wor/ are ! f\r ,adv5t hymns 7,in/antis adv5tum ,dei2 ,jordanis oras praevia2 ,/atuta decreto ,dei2 & ,9 noctis umbra desides72 t = ,*ri/mas 7,jam des9ant suspiria7 & ! ,vesp] hymn 7,o luce qui mortalibus72 ! ,passion hymn 7,opprobriis ,jesu satur72 ! f9e s]ies ( sev5 hymns = ! nocturn s]vices ?r\gh\t ! week1 bas$ on ! sev5 days ( ,creation2 & ! hymn = ,epiphany 7,quae /ella sole pul*rior74 ,^! & mo/ ( 8 ackn[l$g$ hymns are kn[n to u 9 ! translations ( ,williams1 ,*&l]1 & ,mant1 & sev]al ( ^! are 9 ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n4 ,z an editor he alt]$ & ev5 t9k]$1 z well z adapt$ & wrote hymns4 ,ev5 ,jean ,santeul did n escape 8 h&4 ,"o ( ! hymns ascrib$ to him 9 ! ,p>is ,brevi>y is a c5to f no less ?an twelve ( 8 own hymns4 ,f ! wra? he %[$ :5 su* *anges 7 made 9 8 lifetime1 we may inf] t he w\ld h lik$ ?is z little z did ,john ,wesley4 ,& ! old] hymns 7 h&l$ 9 ! same way4 ,a good example ( ,*>les ,c(f9's me?od ( reca/+ old hymns is furni%$ by 8 v]sion ( ! ,ad co5am ,agni providi1 :i* already has be5 giv5 9 its orig9al %ape & 9 t ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,) ^! ! read] may comp>e ,c(f9's revision1 :i* w be se5 to v>y v widely f ! old text ( ! n9? c5tury3 ,=ti teg5te bra*io1 ,evasimus ,rubrum m>e1 ,t&em durum p]fidi ,jugum tyranni fregimus4 ,nunc ergo laetas v9dici ,grates rep5damus ,deo2 ,agnique m5sam c&idis ,c+amus ornati /olis4 ,hujus sacrato corpore1 ,amoris igne f]vidi1 ,vescamur atque sangu9e3 ,vesc5do1 vivimus ,deo4 ,jam ,pas*a no/rum ,*ri/us e/1 ,hic agnus1 haec e/ victima ,cruore cujus illitos ,transmittit ultor angelus4 ,o digna coelo victima1 ,mors ipsa p] quam v9citur1 ,p] quam refractis inf]i ,pra$am relaxant po/ibus4 ,*ri/i sepul*ri faucibus ,em]sus ad lucem r$it2 ,ho/em retrudit t>t>o1 ,coelique p&it intima4 ,da ,*ri/e1 nos tecum mori ,tecum simul da surg]e3 ,t]r5a da contemn]e2 ,am>e da coele/ia4 ,x w be obs]v$ t :ile ! ideas1 & ev5 to "s ext5t ! phraseology ( ! old hymn are reta9$ 9 ! fir/ six v]ses1 _! ord] is s *ang$ z to sugge/ t we h an orig9al hymn be=e u1 if we d n look closely4 ,b ! la/ v]se is altoge!r diff]5t4 ,! old poet pray$ t ! pas*al joy might be made un5d+ ?r\gh ! deliv]ance ( ! reg5]ate f ! dea? et]nal4 ,! mod]n prays t we may %>e my/ically 9 ! dea? & resurrection ( ,*ri/1 & le>n !reby to set our affections on ?+s above4 ,simil> are 8 reca/s ( ! ,salvete flores ,m>tyrum ( ,prud5tius1 & ! ,ambrosian ,jam lucis orto sid]e4 ,mr4 ,duffield has left only "o complet$ v]sion ( a hymn f ! ,p>is ,brevi>y1 & t "o ^: au?or%ip ,i am unable to det]m9e4 ,x attract$ him z "o ( ! surpris+ly few hymns 9 :i* ! comp>ison ( ! ,*ri/ian life to a w>f>e1 s frequ5tly us$ by our ,"l & ! ,apo/le ,paul1 is employ$ z a lead+ idea4 ,8 int]e/ 9 su* hymns no d\bt 0 fir/ awak5$ by 8 fa!r's admirable & popul> "o3 8,/& up1 /& up = ,jesus10 sugge/$ by ! dy+ words ( ,dudley ,tyng4 ,we give bo? ! ,lat9 & 8 ,engli% v]sion3 ,pugnate1 ,*ri/i milites1 ,=tes fide resi/ite3 ,imm5sa promisit ,deus ,pio labori praemia4 ,non ille fluxas ac leves ,palmas dabit v9c5tibus2 ,s$ lucis aet]nae decus1 ,et pura semp] gaudia4 ,m5tes beatas excipit ,=mosa coelitum domus3 ,hic turba1 coelis altior1 ,subjecta calcat sid]a4 ,caduca vobis praemia ,(f]t levis mundi favor3 ,vultus ad a/ra tollite2 ,hic ipse fit m]ces ,deus4 ,qui nos coronat1 laus ,patri1 ,laus qui r$emit1 ,filio2 ,alma juvans nos gratia1 ,sit p> tibi laus1 ,spiritus4 ,fight on1 ye ,*ri/ian soldi]s1 ,& bravely keep ! fai?1 ,= great rew>d %all foll[1 ,z ,god's own promise sai?4 ,n palms t wave & flutt] ,%all be ! victor's cr[n1 ,b grace ( light et]nal1 ,& joy ( pure r5[n4 ,t bless$ heav5ly mansion ,%all take ea* happy s\l2 ,_! ?rong1 high rais$ 9 glory1 ,%all tread ! />ry pole4 ,e>?'s honor is b fail+1 ,h] gifts are light z air2 ,lift up y\r eyes to heav51 ,= ,god's rew>d is !re4 ,praise ,god1 :o cr[ns ! battle1 ,& ,*ri/1 :o comes to save1 ,& praise ! ,holy ,_s1 ,^: grace our spirits crave4 ,by k9dness ( ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson we add two translations f ,*>les ,c(f9's hymns3 ,,qua ,,/ella ,,sole ,,pul*rior4 ,:at /> is ?is ^: glori\s light ,out%9es ! morn1 ,! h]ald ( ! ,k+ new-born6 ,its radiance bright1 ,a heav5ly sign1 ,/reams o'er ! cradle ( ! ,babe div9e4 ,fai?1 /&+ ) ! prophets old1 ,sees d[n ! skies ,! promis$ ,/> f ,jacob rise4 ,! sign =etold ,%e kn[s full well1 ,& /raightway seeks ! wondr\s spectacle4 ,! lu/r\s /> gives w>n+ fair ,to all ! e>?1 ,b *iefly m5 ( ,ea/]n bir?1 ,) pi\s c>e1 ,! w>n+ he$1 ,& seek+ ,*ri/ ^u _! j\rney spe$4 ,_! eag] love kn[s no delay2 ,dang] nor toil ,_! purpose resolute c foil4 ,!y ha/e away ,f home & k9d1 ,& c\ntry1 at ,god's call1 ! ,*ri/ to f9d4 ,o ,*ri/ our ,"l1 ?y /> ( grace ,leads u to !e6 ,help ^! dull he>ts ( ours to be ,fir/ at ! place1 ,int5t to prove ,to !e1 ,o ,"l1 our fai? & hope & love4 ,,lab5te ,,jam ,,solis4 ,n[ ) ! decl9+ sun1 ,day to night is pass+ on4 ,s do? mortal life desc5d ,swiftly to its de/9$ end4 ,f ! cross1 ?9e arms spread wide ,fold ! _w1 ,o ,crucifi$6 ,help u love ! cross4 ,9 ?y ,de> embrace help u to die6 ,glory to ! ,et]nal ,"o1 ,glory to ! only ,son1 ,glory to ! ,_s be1 ,n[ & ?r\gh et]nity4 ,( ! o!r writ]s ( ! ,brevi>y only a few ne$ deta9 u4 ,mo/ ( !m are poets ( ! conv5tional sort1 ^: v]se evid5ces ! c>e tak5 ) _! education r ?an _! possession ( any native g5ius1 al?\gh ,jean ,commire 7#afbe-agjb7 0 ( wide reputation 9 8 day4 ,ev5 ( good ,claude ,santeul ! be/ t c be said is t sev]al ( 8 hymns h pass$ = ! composition ( 8 bro!r1 & t ! two ,tr9ity hymns 7,t] sancte1 t] pot5s ,deus & ,o luce quae tua lates7 & ! ?ree on ,laz>us 7,r$ditum luce1 ,dom9o vocante1 ,p&itur saxo tumulus remoto1 & ,intrante ,*ri/o ,be?anicam domum7 des]ve ! honor4 ,!y make u regret ! loss ( ^! two manuscript volumes4 ,an unf9i%$ translation ( "o ( ^!1 left by ,mr4 ,duffield1 has be5 complet$ = u by ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson4 ,! a/]isk m>ks ! transition f ! "o translator to ! o!r-- ,o ,,luce ,,quae ,,tua ,,lates4 ,o hidd5 by ! v light1 ,o ev]-bless$ ,tr9ity1 ,!e we confess1 & !e believe1 ,) pi\s he>t we long = !e6 ,o ,holy ,fa!r ( ! sa9ts1 ,o ,god ( v ,god1 ! ,son1 ,o ,bond ( ,love1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o jo9e/ all ! ,?ree 9 ,"o6 ,t ,god ! ,fa!r might behold ,himself1 99coeval 0 ! ,son2 ,also ! ,love t b9ds !m bo?2 ,s1 ,god ( ,god1 ! p]fect ,"o4 ,complete ! ,fa!r 9 ! ,son1 ,! ,son1 ! ,fa!r 9 complete1 ,& ! full ,_s 9 !m bo?2 ,! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,p>aclete4 ,z is ! ,son1 ! ,_s is4 ,ea* z ! ,fa!r1 v]ily4 ,! ,?ree1 ,"o all transc5d5t ,tru?1 ,"o all transc5d5t ,love1 ! ,?ree4 ,fa!r1 & ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/ ,et]nally1 let all adore2 ,:o live? & :o reigne?1 ,god1 ,ages on ages1 ev]more6 ,next we h ,nicolas le ,t\rneux 7#afdj-afhf71 ! sev]e ,jans5i/1 ^: prea*+ drew su* cr[ds 9 ,p>is t ! ,k+ ask$ ! reason4 8,sire10 repli$ ,boileau1 8y\r ,maje/y kn[s h[ p run aft] novelty2 ?is is a prea*] :o prea*es ! ,gospel4 ,:5 he m\nts ! pulpit1 he fright5s y by 8 ugl9ess1 s t y wi% he w\ld leave x2 & :5 he beg9s to speak1 y are afraid t he may40 ,x 0 8 ,anne ,*rti5ne :i* sugge/$ ! ,*ri/ian ,ye> to ,john ,keble4 ,we h se5 h[ he coa*$ ,jean ,santeul bo? z to ! matt] ( 8 hymns & ! "r _s = a ,*ri/ian poet4 ,b ! great prea*]'s own hymns are s]moni propriores1 8prop]] = a s]mon10 to borr[ ,lamb's mi/ranslation4 ,v]se 0 a fett] to him1 n a w+4 ,8 be/ are ! ,asc5sion hymn1 ,ade/e1 ,coelitum *ori1 & t on ! ,bapti/1 ,jussu tyranni pro fide4 ,! =m] we give 9 ! excell5t translation ( ,rev4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 ,d4,d43 ,,ade/e ,,coelitum ,,*ori4 ,hi!r come1 ye *oirs immortal1 ,s++ joyful canticles6 ,*ri/ ha? pass$ ! grave's d>k portal1 ,) ! dead no m he dwells4 ,all 9 va9 do? malice /ation ,wat*ful gu>ds ! tomb be=e1 ,all 9 va9 ! fai?less nation ,sets ! seal ^u ! door4 ,fruitless t]ror1 f ?is prison ,none h /ol5 him away1 ,b by 8 own /r5g? aris51 ,victor1 ends he dea?'s dread fray4 ,prison$1 & ! seal unbrok51 ,he c leave at w ! tomb1 ,z at fir/--behold ! tok5-- ,he c\ld leave ! ,virg9's womb4 ,:5 he on ! tree hung dy+1 ,rav+ m51 :o r\nd him /ood1 8,come d[n f ! cross10 7 cry+1 8,!n we own !e ,son ( ,god40 ,b1 8 ,fa!r's w obey+ ,ev5 unto dea?1 he dies2 ,prie/ & ,victim1 'tis ! slay+ ,( ! _w's great ,sacrifice4 ,nay1 ! cross 0 n =sak52 ,dead1 yet great] ?+ did he1 ,by himself1 8 life retak5 ,prov$ him ,son ( ,god to be4 ,) !e dy+1 ) !e ris+1 ,grant1 ,o ,*ri/1 t we may be1 ,e>?ly vanities despis+1 ,*oos+ heav5 all lov+ly6 ,praise be to ! ,fa!r giv51 ,to ! ,son1 our ,lead]4 ,he ,calle? u ) him to heav52 ,_s1 equal praise to !e6 ,a man ( v diff]5t p[]s is ! ,abb ,seba/ian ,besnault1 ( :om no?+ is told u except t he 0 *apla9 ( ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,maurice 9 ,s5s1 & di$ 9 #agbf4 ,! six hymns ascrib$ to him 9 ! ,p>is ,brevi>y are among ! f9e/ 9 t collection4 ,?ree are hymns on ! ,circumcision 7,debilis cess5t elem5ta legis2 ,felix dies1 quam proprio2 & ,noxium ,*ri/us simul introivit72 "o is an ,asc5sion hymn 7,promissa1 tellus1 concipe gaudium71 & two are ,d$ication hymns 7,ecce s$es hic ,tonantis & ,urbs beata1 v]a pacis71 ! latt] be+ a reca/ ( ! ,urbs beata ,hi]usalem4 ,q ju/ly does ,a4 ,gazi] 79 8 !sis ,de ,santolii ,victor9i ,sacris ,hymnis1 ,p>is1 #ahge7 say t if ,besnault equall$ ,jean ,santeul 9 ! volume ( 8 hymns1 he w\ld n rank bel[ him z a sacr$ poet1 s9ce he q equals him 9 8 ,lat9ity & is 8 sup]ior z a spiritual writ]4 ,we give ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson's v]sion ( 8 reca/ ( ! ,urbs beata ,hi]usalem3 ,,urbs ,,beata1 ,,v]a ,,pacis4 ,bless$ city1 vision true ,( sweet peace1 ,j]usalem1 ,h[ maje/ic to ! view ,rise ?y l(ty walls1 9 !m ,liv+ /ones 9 beauty /&1 ,poli%$1 set1 by ,god's own h&4 ,e sev]al gate ( ?9e ,( "o pe>l effulg5t is1 ,gold5 fair ?y wall do? %9e1 ,bl5d$ lu/r\sly ) ?is1 ,& ?y wall do? re/ alone ,^u ,*ri/ ! ,corn]-/one4 ,?y sun is ! m>tyr$ ,lamb1 ,god ?y temple4 ,angels vie ,) ! sa9ts1 a joyful psalm ,ev] lift+ up on high1 ,& ! ,holie/ wor%ipp+1 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy s+4 ,ev]more /& op5 wide1 ,heav5ly city1 all ?y gates4 ,b1 :o w\ld 9 !e abide1 ,:o ?y walls to ent] waits1 ,mu/1 t me$ ( life to w91 ,agonize to conqu] s94 ,to ! ,fa!r1 to ! ,son1 ,endless adoration be6 ,_s1 b9d+ bo? 9 ,"o1 ,endless wor%ip unto !e6 ,hall[$ by ?y *rism div9e1 ,we become ?y liv+ %r9e4 ,along ) ,c(f9 %\ld be nam$ "o ( 8 fri5ds1 a "y advocate nam$ ,combault1 :o possess$ some?+ ( ! _s & en]gy ( ,jean ,santeul4 ,h[ f> he contribut$ to ! ,brevi>y ( #agcf ,i am unable to say1 b a well-f\nd$ tradition designates him z ! au?or ( a spl5did rhetorical hymn 9 commemoration ( ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul 7,t&em laborum gloriosi ,pr9cipes71 :i* has be5 mu* admir$4 ,combault di$ 9 #aghe4 ,! :ole impression :i* ?is s*ool ( hymn-writ]s makes ^u u is l t ( ! ,greco-,fr5* ar*itecture ( our own age4 ,bo? reflect ! critical & useful1 b some:at exclusive _s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,bo? are capable ( f9e effects1 great /ructural beauty1 & a c]ta9 gr&eur n ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,b a ,greco-,fr5* *ur* w n be> comp>ison ) ,notre ,dame2 & ! hymns ( ,santeul & ,c(f9 w h>dly bett] endure a comp>ison ) ! ,*ri/ian s+]s :o wrote :5 ,notre ,dame 0 new4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,! ,,unkn[n ,,& ,,! ,,less ,,kn[n ,,hymn-,,writ]s4 ,f\r? to ,t5? ,c5tury4 ,! kn[n is b a fragm5t brok5 f ! unkn[n4 ,?is is em95tly true z reg>ds ! au?or%ip ( ! ,lat9 hymns4 ,:5 we h dealt z t5d]ly z ! hi/orical consci5ce w p]mit ) ! traditions :i* assign hymns to ?is & t au?or1 we /ill f9d ourselves unable to affix any "n to ! great majority4 ,& :ile x is true t ! mo/ "p ( ! v great hymns are n left 9 ?is plight ( anonymity1 x is true t no small numb] ( ! be/ are on ! record l ,mel*iz$ek--8)\t fa!r or "m10 & _m ( !m also 8)\t beg9n+ ( ye>s10 = we c det]m9e only approximately ! c5tury ( _! orig94 ,nor is ?is at all surpris+4 ,fame 0 nei!r ! object nor ! expectation ( ! writ]s ( ! ,lat9 hymns ( ! e>ly & ,middle ,ages4 ,_! utmo/ expectation1 probably1 0 to be valu$ a little by _! bre?r5 9 _! own & _! si/] mona/]ies z ! au?or ( a f9e sequ5ce or an appropriate hymn = a ye>ly fe/ival4 ,x 0 en\gh = t purpose t ! report ( _! au?or%ip pass$ f m\? to m\? 9 ! *oir1 )\t any record made ( x4 ,! love ( glory z a lit]>y motive1 came 91 z ,mr4 ,symonds rem9ds u1 ) ! ,r5aissance1 :i* borr[$ x f ! old pagans4 ,_m a dev\t s+] ( ! c5turies be=e t practis$ ! wisdom ( ,kempis's say+1 ,ama nesciri1 8,love to be unkn[n40 ,!y wrote n = ga9 9 r5[n1 b = use 9 ! edification ( _! bre?r5 & ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& to live = use r ?an ga9 is to live ,*ri/ianly1 =1 z ,sw$5borg says1 8,! k+dom ( heav5 is a k+dom ( uses40 ,?is & ! next *apt] we %all give p>tly to "s ( ^! orphan$ hymns1 t\*+ only on ! greate/4 ,& z we come d[n ! c5turies we %all speak also ( ! less notable hymn-writ]s1 "s ( !m n less notable z m5 or z ,*ur*m51 b su* z h made less ( a m>k 9 hymnology4 ,at ! outset we are met by two ( ! greate/ ( ! sacr$ songs ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* are none ! less hymns al?\gh class$ te*nically z canticles4 ,:o wrote ! ,gloria 9 ,excelsis & ! ,te ,deum laudamus8 ,z ev]ybody kn[s1 ! op5+ words ( ! =m] are ! song ( ! angels :o br\ght ! good news to ! %eph]ds--words :i* au!nticate _! heav5ly orig9 by _! simplicity1 beauty1 & =ce--8a ma/]-song10 z ,lu!r says1 8:i* nei!r grew nor 0 made on e>?1 b came d[n f heav540 ,b ! mu* long] supplem5t1 :i* evid5tly reflects ! situation ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! days ( ! ,arian controv]sy1 mu/ ei!r h orig9at$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury & 9 ! ,ea/1 or mu/ h be5 alt]$ to adapt x to t "t4 ,! orig9al /ill exi/s 9 ,greek1 b 9 ?ree =ms1 :i* diff] some:at2 & ! ,lat9 v]sion is defective 9 t x foll[s a lat] =m ?an t :i* is giv5 9 ! s-call$ ,apo/olical ,con/itutions2 &1 ( c\rse1 ! ,engli% foll[s ! ,lat91 except 9 ! "p tak5 f ! ,gospel1 :]e 8good w to m50 takes ! place ( 8to m5 ( good w0 7hom9ibus bonae voluntatis71 ! latt] be+ ! read+ adopt$ by ! ,engli% translators ( #afaa1 b reject$ by ! revis]s ( #ahhc4bb ,:o made ! ,lat9 v]sion8 ,an untru/wor?y tradition ascribes x to ,telesphorus1 :o 0 ,bi%op ( ,rome 9 #abh-ch4 ,x is possible t he prescrib$ ! *ant+ ( ! ,scripture words 9 ! ,*ur* s]vice2 b ! :ole hymn is ( lat] date 9 ,lat94 ,!re is mu* m likelihood t x 01 accord+ to a tradition record$ by ,alcu9 9 ! n9? c5tury1 ! "w ( ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s1 ! fir/ ,lat9 hymn-writ]4 ,! ,te ,deum laudamus has "s claims to be reg>d$ z ! greate/ ( ,*ri/ian hymns4 ,l ! ,gloria 9 ,excelsis x belongs to t fir/ p]iod ( ,*ri/ian hymn-writ+1 :5 ! ,hebrew psalms /ill furni%$ ! models = ,*ri/ian poets1 & ! same free movem5t ( rhy?mical prose 0 all t 0 requir$ or ev5 tol]at$4 ,!re is no m5tion ( x 9 ,*ur* lit]ature be=e ! six? c5tury1 :5 ! mona/ic rules ( bo? ,caes>ius ( ,arles 7c4 #ebg7 & ( ,b5$ict ( ,nursia 7c4 #ecj7 prescribe its use1 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o m5tions x4 ,z x uses ! words ( ! ,vulgate 9 v]ses #bb-be & #bg to ! end1 x _c1 z x n[ /&s1 be mu* m ?an a c5tury old] ?an ?is1 z ! date ( ! ,vulgate is #chb-djd4 ,yet a tradition record$ by ,abbot ,abbo ( ,fleury 9 ! n9? c5tury1 ascribes ?is hymn also to ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s1 :o di$ fifte5 ye>s be=e ,j]ome put 8 h& to ! "w ( revis+ ! ,lat9 ,bible4 ,daniel ?9ks to reconcile ! discrepancy by ascrib+ x to ,hil>y ( ,arles1 :o 0 born ! ye> be=e ,j]ome _h f9i%$ 8 "w1 & by reg>d+ x z a translation f ! ,greek1 z v]ses #bb-bf c]ta9ly are4 ,!y are f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix to ! ,alex&rian manuscript ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t1 :]e !y foll[ ! ,gloria 9 ,excelsis ) ! int]ruption only ( an ,am54 ,b is x n possible to reg>d ! la/ eight v]ses z a sep>ate hymn1 made up1 ) ! exception ( ! /rong v]se-- #bf4 ,dign>e1 ,dom9e1 die i/o s9e peccato nos cu/odire-- ( v]ses f ! ,scriptures8 ,^! la/ v]ses h no int]nal connection ) ! fir/ tw5ty-two1 & !y diff] decid$ly 9 /yle1 =m1 & s\rce4 ,^? conta9 no ,scripture quotations1 except ! ,t]-,sanctus 9 v]ses #e & #f1 :i* is n tak5 f ! ,vulgate v]sion1#bc b app>5tly f ! ,itala4 ,if1 !re=e1 we consid] ^? tw5ty-two v]ses z a hymn by !mselves1 ?is may h be5 ! "w ( ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s1 & !re is no necessity = assum+ t x 0 n an orig9al ,lat9 hymn4 ,?is becomes m probable if we drop out v]se #ac1 :i* int]rupts ! fl[ ( ! ,*ri/ological ?\ght1 & evid5tly 0 int]polat$ to make ! hymn complete f a ,tr9it>ian po9t ( view4 ,:5 ! ,gloria 9 ,excelsis & ! ,te ,deum 7 compos$1 x 0 ! relation ( ! ,son to ! ,fa!r :i* occupi$ ! m9d ( ! ,*ur*4 ,bo? hymns are ! expression ( 8! pres5t tru?0 on t subject2 ! m5tion ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 bo? is probably by int]polation at a lat] date4 ,z ! =m1 & 9 "s places ! mean+ ( ! ,te ,deum is misrepres5t$ 9 ! curr5t v]sion1 x may be wor? :ile to reproduce ! orig9al 9 a m lit]al v]sion3 #a4 ,!e z ,god we praise1 ,!e z ,"l we own1 #b4 ,!e z et]nal ,fa!r all ! e>? do? wor%ip1 #c4 ,!e all ! angels-- ,to !e heav5 & all its p[]s1 #d4 ,to !e *]ubim & s]aphim ) unceas+ voice cry al\d1 #e4 ,holy1 holy1 holy1 ,"l ,god ( ,sabao?1 #f4 ,! heav5s & ! e>? are full ( ! maje/y ( ?y glory6 #g4 ,!e ! glori\s *oir ( ! apo/les1 #h4 ,!e ! praisewor?y company ( ! prophets1 #i4 ,!e ! :ite-rob$ army ( ! m>tyrs praise?4 #aj4 ,!e1 ?r\gh ! circle ( ! l&s1 ! ,holy ,*ur* confesse? #aa4 ,fa!r ( unb\nd$ maje/y2 #ab4 ,?y adorable1 true & only ,son4 #ac 7#ad74 ,?\ ,k+ ( glory1 ,o ,*ri/1 #ad 7#ae74 ,?\ ( ! ,fa!r art ! ,son et]nal4 #ae 7#af74 ,?\1 to deliv] u1 tooke/ manhood1 ,?\ did/ n dread ! ,virg9's womb4 #af 7#ag74 ,?\1 s9ce ?\ ha/ ov]come ! /+ ( dea?1 ,ha/ op5$ to believ]s ! k+dom ( heav54 #ag 7#ah74 ,?\1 at ! "r h& ( ,god1 sitte/ 9 ! glory ( ! ,fa!r2 #ah 7#ai74 ,z our judge ?\ art believ$ to be com+4 #ai 7#bj7 ,!e !re=e we beg1 ,assi/ ?y s]vants :om ?\ ha/ r$eem$ ) preci\s blood4 #bj 7#ba74 ,cause u to be gift$1 among ?y sa9ts1 ) et]nal glory4 ,am54 ,!re are no o!r unfa!r$ hymns kn[n to be ( ?is c5tury1 & few less notable hymn-writ]s4 ,to ,j]ome is ascrib$ a hymn1 ,te ,be?lehem celebrat1 :i* is n 9 any ( ! collections4 ,8 great contempor>y1 ,augu/9e ( ,hippo1 has _h m ?an "o f9e hymn assign$ to him1 probably because 8 works h furni%$ ! sugge/ion = s _m4 ,notably ,pet] ,damiani & ,hildeb]t ( ,t\rs drew ^u him4 ,b ! great !ologian 0 n a poet1 z we c see f 8 "o essay 9 t =m1 viz41 8 8psalm0 aga9/ ! ,donati/s1 9 :i* he gives a popul> & metrical exposition ( ! p>able ( ! net 7,matt4 #ac3dg-ej74 ,x is q en\gh to prove t he did n write ! ,ad p]5nis vitae fontem 7,damiani71 or ! ,quid1 tyranne1 quid m9>is 7,damiani71 or ! ,o g5s beata coelitum1 or ev5 ! ,dom9e ,jesu1 nov]im me1 all ( :i* h be5 giv5 to him at times4 ,to ! fif? c5tury--! c5tury ( ,prud5tius & ,ennodius--we may ascribe ! e>li] 9 ! l>ge gr\p ( hymns class$ z ,ambrosian1 :i* are ! "w ( a s]ies ( writ]s :o may be describ$ z con/itut+ a s*ool4 ,x is "o ( ! h>de/ problems 9 ,lat9 hymnology to di/+ui% betwe5 ,ambrose's own "w & t ( 8 imitators1 & to arrange ! hymns compos$ by ! latt] betwe5 ! fif? & ! eigh? c5tury 9 any *ronological ord]4 ,:at c be said positively has be5 %[n 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,! *ief au?orities on ! subject are ! e>ly collectors1 ,cli*tove1 ,cass&]1 & ,?omasius4 ,( consid]able importance is ! ,,ms4 giv5 by ,francis ,junius 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury to ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 & publi%$ 9 #ahcj by ,jacob ,grimm4 ,x conta9s a collection ( tw5ty-six hymns by ,ambrose & ! ,ambrosians1 ) a translation into old ,high ,g]man1 probably made at ,/4 ,gall 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,b ^! d n exhau/ ! li/4 ,o!rs h be5 po9t$ out by ,mone & o!r collectors1 z prov+ _! k9%ip to ! s*ool by _! metrical =m or _! cont5ts & /yle4 ,s*lett]] enum]ates n9ety hymns ( ! s*ool1 & ( ^! he assigns fifte5 to ,ambrose himself4 ,closely relat$ to ! gr\p1 & yet n assign$ to x1 are sev]al hymns to :i* a v e>ly date is assign$ by ,mone at lea/4 ,to ?is fif? c5tury he gives ! ,unam duorum gloriam1 :i* he also claims z ( ,g]man orig91 & describes z "o ( ! olde/ hymns ( ! ,g]man ,*ur*4 ,x is 9 commemoration ( two m>tyrs1 to ^: honor a *ur* ne> ,mn/] 0 d$icat$1 & is /rictly classic 9 metre4 ,"h also he assigns ! ,*ri/i cat]va clamitat1 an ,adv5t hymn ( classic metre & primitive tone4 ,he probably w\ld agree ) ,wack]nagel 9 select+ ! same c5tury = ! hymn on ,/eph51 ! protom>tyr1 ,primatis aulae coelicae1 9 :i* he f9ds rem9d]s ( ! /yle ( ,prud5tius4 ,la/ly1 he assigns ?is date to ! ,pas*al hymn1 ,te lucis auctor p]sonat1 :i* became obsolete :5 its special ref]5ce to ,ea/] z ! "t ( ! baptism ( adult cate*um5s lo/ its significance4 ,x 0 us$ 9 ,france & probably o!r c\ntries4 ,to ! same fif? c5tury belongs ,paul9us1 ,bi%op ( ,nola 7#cec-dca71 :o has _m bett] claims to remembrance ?an 8 hymns4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? m5 ( :om _! contempor>ies _c speak )\t en?usiasm1 & z ,augu/9e1 ,j]ome1 & ,ambrose are among 8 eulogi/s we may assume t ! praise 0 n undes]v$4 ,he came ( a noble ,gallic /ock2 he inh]it$ weal? & acquir$ f ! tea*+ ( ! poet ,ausonius all ! culture ( 8 "t2 he fill$ high (fice 9 ,italy & ,spa92 he sp5t ! la/ tw5ty-two ye>s ( 8 life 9 adm9i/]+ ) a fai?ful labori\sness ! affairs ( a ,campanian bi%opric4 ,he did n receive baptism until 8 ?irty-fif? ye>1 s t he may h be5 br\ght up a pagan1 al?\gh ! inf]5ce is n necess>y4 ,9 #cgh he 0 made ,roman consul to fill an unexpir$ t]m 7consul suffectus71 & 0 s5t into ,campania at ! end ( ! ye>4 ,!re he 0 s deeply impress$ by a fe/ival 9 honor ( ! m>tyr ,v9c5t ( ,nola1 t 8 affections 7 drawn /rongly to ! city4 ,b soon aft] he m>ri$ a ,spani% wife & w5t to live fir/ at ,bordeaux & !n at ,b>celona4 ,at ! =m] 9 #chi he 0 receiv$ into ! memb]%ip ( ! ,*ur*2 at ! latt] he & 8 wife1 aft] ! dea? ( _! infant son1 resolv$ to r5\nce ! 8secul>0 life & to give !mselves to asceticism & *>ity4 ,he 0 orda9$ to ! prie/hood 9 response to a g5]al dem& ( ! p dur+ ! ,*ri/mas fe/ivities4 ,he remov$ to ,nola1 :]e he & 8 wife liv$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! poor1 9 an age :5 ! incursions ( ,go?s & ,v&als 7 produc+ frightful wret*$ness4 ,he seems to h held "r views ( ! responsibility ( prop]ty1 & in/ead ( dive/+ himself ( x at once1 he kept x to use = 8 bre?r54 ,nor did he sep>ate f 8 wife aft] ! fa%ion ( ,ennodius & o!rs ( ! age4 ,!y labor$ toge!r to ! end4 ,ab\t #dji he 0 elect$ ,bi%op ( ,nola1 & occupi$ t see until 8 dea?4 ,among 8 gifts to 8 p 0 a new aqu$uct to supply _! t[n ) pure wat]1 an evid5ce ( 8 bread? ( m9d & g5u9e humanity4 ,:5 he di$ he 0 add$ to ! li/ ( ! recogniz$ sa9ts1 & few ) bett] "r4 ,8 lit]>y a*ievem5t 0 n great1 al?\gh ev]y?+ he has writt5 has its int]e/4 ,8 epi/les & poems are reflections ( bo? 8 excell5ce & 8 faults4 ,!y %[ at once ! good he>t ( ! man & 8 pron5ess to sup]/ition4 ,b 8 contempor>ies ?\ght 8 poems wond]ful1 & ev5 "s ( ! mod]ns h re-e*o$ ?is e/imate4 ,erasmus calls him 8! ,*ri/ian ,cic]o10 a title m frequ5tly assign$ to ,lactantius4 ,casp> ,b>?1 9 8 ,adv]s>ia 7#afbd71 decl9es to rank any o!r ,*ri/ian poet above him4 ,8 poems exhibit ! decad5ce ( ,lat9 v]se1 9 t quantity is (t5 neglect$ & acc5t us$ to replace x4 ,only a few ( !m are hymns 9 any s5se1 & ^! are n>rative or reflective r ?an lyric4 ,bjorn gives two ( !m 9 8 collection4 ,?is fif? c5tury also br+s u ! fir/ woman among ! ,*ri/ian s+]s4 ,elpis1 id5tifi$ by a some:at d\btful tradition ) ,helpes1 ! fir/ wife ( ! pagan philosoph] ,boe?ius1 has left a florid hymn 9 honor ( ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul1 :i* holds its place 9 modifi$ =m 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 & is divid$ into two hymns4 ,%e employs acc5tuat$ v]se1 :ile ! v]ses 9 ,boe?ius's classic "w1 ,de ,consolatione ,philosophiae1 con=m to ! quantitative prosody ( classic poetry4 ,ano!r hymn on ! same ,apo/les1 ,felix p] omnes fe/um mundi c>d9es1 is ascrib$ to h] & also to ,paul9us ( ,nola4 ,! ,brevi>y hymn1 ,miris modis rep5te lib]1 is a reca/ ( "p ( x4 ,!re are sev]al poems & *ronicles :i* are ascrib$ to ,prosp] ,tyro1 :om "s id5tify ) ,prosp] ( ,aquita9e 7#djc-fe71 ! ,gallic *ampion ( /rict ,augu/9ian or?odoxy aga9/ ! semi-,pelagian p>ty 9 t prov9ce--,john ,cassian1 ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s1 etc4 ,?is is ! m likely1 z ,prosp] lov$ to 8drop into poetry0 ev5 9 8 controv]sial treatises4 ,george ,cass&] includes a hymn f ,prosp] ,tyro's works 9 8 collection4 ,_m ( ! f9e/ ( ,ambrosian hymns1 :i* h tak5 rank among ! favorites ( ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom1 z %>+ ! noble _s & ! torr5t-l p[] ( utt]ance ( ! great ,bi%op ( ,milan1 are cr$it$ by ! hymnologi/s to ! six? c5tury--! age ( ,b5$ict ( ,nursia1 ,caes>ius ( ,arles1 ,belis>ius1 & ,gregory ! ,great4 ,we give ,mr4 ,duffield's translation ( two ( ! f9e/1 regrett+ t he did n live to translate o!rs :i* he _h m>k$ ) t view 9 8 ,index3 ,,*ri/e ,,qui ,,lux ,,et ,,dies4 ,*ri/ :o art ! light & day1 ,drive ! %ades ( night away1 ,?\1 :o art ! ,light ( light1 ,make our pa?way glad & bright4 ,n[ we pray !e1 holy ,"l1 ,keep u safely by ?y ^w2 ,night & day at peace 9 !e ,may our spirits re/$ be4 ,let no evil dream appe>1 ,let no enemy draw ne>1 ,let u b[ to !e alone1 ,?\ :o pitie/ ?9e own6 ,:ile 9 sleep we close our eyes1 ,may our he>ts =ev] rise ,unto !e1 ^: mighty h& ,keeps ?9e own 9 e l&4 ,look ^u u1 our ,def5ce6 ,drive all lurk+ traitors h5ce1 ,rule ?y *ildr51 ,o mo/ ,good1 ,:o are pur*as$ ) ?y blood4 ,be ?\ m9dful ( our /ate1 ,9 ?is body pr(ligate2 ,gu>d our m9ds1 & ev] be ,ne> u1 ,"l1 z we to !e4 ,,telluris ,,+5s ,,conditor4 ,?\ mighty ,mak] ( e>?'s frame1 ,:o gave/ l& & sea _! "n1 ,ha/ swept ! wat]s to _! b\nd1 ,& fix$ = aye ! solid gr\nd4 ,t soon upspr++ %\ld be se5 ,! h]b ) blossoms gold & gre51 ,& fruit :i* ripely hange? !re1 ,& grass to :i* ! h]ds repair4 ,relieve ! sorr[s ( ! s\l6 ,our w\nd$ spirits make ?\ :ole1 ,t te>s may s9ful de$s allay1 ,& cleanse all bas] lu/s away4 ,let u be sway$ by ?y decree1 ,f _m evils set u free2 ,) goodness fill ! wait+ he>t1 ,& keep all fe> ( dea? ap>t6 ,to ! same six? c5tury belong "s notable hymns :i* h n ev5 a s*ool to :i* to assign _! pat]nity4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( ^! is ! ,ad co5am ,agni providi1 :i* has be5 twice rewritt5 9 con=mity ) ! laws ( classic prosody1 reappe>+ 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y z ! ,ad regias ,agni dapes1 & 9 ! ,p>is ,brevi>y z ! ,=ti teg5te bra*io4 ,9 ,engli% !re h be5 at lea/ twelve v]sions s9ce #agaj4 ,! great m]it ( ! hymn is ! vigor\s & t]se way 9 :i* ! my/ical correspond5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian sacram5t to ! ,jewi% passov]1 & ( our deliv]ance f ! yoke ( ,satan to ! ,jewi% deliv]ance f ! ,egyptian bondage1 are work$ out4 ,z ,daniel sugge/s1 its fir/ /anza ref]s to ! old usage t ! cate*um5s1 :o _h receiv$ baptism j be=e ,ea/]1 p>took ( ! o!r sacram5t on ! fir/ ,sunday aft] ,ea/] 7,dom9icus 9 albis71 we>+ ! :ite robes ( _! baptism 7/olis albis c&idi74 ,ano!r notable b fa!rless hymn ( ?is age is ! ,sanctorum m]itis inclyta gaudiis--a beautiful commemoration ( ! m>tyrs ^: suff]+s 7 /ill s vividly rememb]$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,q wor?y ( m5tion also is ! ,l5t5 hymn1 ,jam ,*ri/e1 sol ju/itiae1 :i* expresses ! e>ly ,*ri/ian attitude t[>d ,god's works1 connect+ ! look$-= ,ea/] ) ! r5ewal ( ! _w by ! spr+-- 8,dies v5it1 dies tua ,9 qua reflor5t omnia40 ,! hymn = ,all ,sa9ts ,day1 ,psallat plebis sexus omnis voce corde c>m9a1 is notable n only = its own vigor1 b z be+ "o ( ! olde/ 9 :i* ! allit]ative pr9ciple ( ! e>ly ,celtic & ,teutonic v]se is employ$ 9 ,lat94 ,x !re=e comes f ! ,nor? ( ,europe1 ) ! *ances 9 favor ( ,irel&4 ,( kn[n b less important hymn-writ]s ( ! six? c5tury we h only two1 ,columba & ,flavius4 ,! =m] is ! great ,iri% mission>y kn[n to 8 c\ntrym5 z ,columcille 7! ,dove1 or ! ,dove ( ! ,*ur*71 :o liv$ ,a4,d4 #eba to #eig4 ,he 0 "o ( ! ,o',donnells ( ,donegal1 ^: *iefs1 some?+ m ?an sev5ty ye>s be=e 8 bir?1 _h (f]$ especial opposition to ,patrick's prea*+4 ,he /udi$ 9 ! great s*ool f\nd$ at ,clon>d1 on ! upp] wat]s ( ! ,boyne1 by ,f9nian1 ! fir/ ( ^? tea*]s :o made ! ,irel& ( ?is & ! foll[+ c5turies 8! l& ( s*ools10 to :i* /ud5ts flock$ f ,great ,brita9 & ev5 ! ,cont95t4 ,f9nian s5t him to ,clonfad to obta9 ord9ation z a bi%op2 b ! bi%op1 :o 0 pl\gh+ 9 ! field :5 he came1 made a mi/ake & gave him ord9ation z a prie/4 ,& he nev] rose high] ?an ?is 9 hi]>*ical dignity4 ,n t x matt]$ mu* 9 ! v ela/ic sy/em ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t ,patrick _h e/abli%$ 9 ,irel&4 ,! tribal or sept sy/em 0 copi$ 9 ! ,*ur* arrangem5t4 ,at ! head ( ea* *ur* sept /ood a co>b1 :o might be a woman1 & frequ5tly 0 a prie/ or deacon4 ,"u ?is jurisdiction ! bi%ops took ! same relative place t ! b>ds held to ! *iefs 9 ! civil tribes4 ,sometimes !re w\ld be a doz5 ( ^! "r rev]5d fa!rs 9 ,god 9 "o small ,iri% t[n1 all "u ! direction ( a female co>b1 miscall$ an abbess by lat] au?ors1 z ! ,*ur* sept has be5 miscall$ a mona/]y4 ,z a p5ance = hav+ be5 ! cause ( a faction fight or civil w>--"o h>dly kn[s :i* to call x--ov] ! own]%ip ( a psalt]1 ,columba bani%$ himself f ,irel& & took up 8 abode at ,iona 7or ,hy71 f :i* c5tre he prea*$ ! ,gospel to ! ,scots 7i4e41 ,iri%7 & ,picts 7i4e41 ,wel%7 ( ! ,highl&s & ! ,we/]n ,isl&s4 ,! =m] _h conqu]$ ?is region 9 ! fif? c5tury & 7 yet to give _! "n to ! :ole c\ntry1 al?\gh up to ,a4,d4 #aaih !re is no in/ance ( ,scotus mean+ ,scot*man r ?an ,iri%man4 ,b :ile ,*ri/ianity _h p5etrat$ ev5 ! wilds ( ,donegal 9 ,irel&1 ^! ,iri% ( ,scotl& & _! ,cymric subjects /ill 7 pagans4 ,s z ,patrick 0 ,scotl&'s gift to ,irel&1 ,columcille 0 ,irel&'s to ,scotl&4 ,he 0 ! type ( ^? p]suasive & successful mission>ies :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,patrick s5t ?r\gh ,great ,brita9 & to ! ,cont95t4 ,he us$ ! p[] ( song v freely 9 8 mission>y labors1 conf\nd+ ! ,druids & attract+ ! p by ! grave1 sweet melody ( ! ,*ur*'s *ants4 ,l ,:itefield & ,summ]field1 he _h a wond]ful1 because pure voice & c\ld s+ s z to be he>d a mile away4 ,he1 too1 0 a poet ( no mean m]it4 ,! sorr[s ( 8 volunt>y exile f ! l& ( 8 bir?--! l& :i* ex]cises su* a weird fasc9ation ov] h] *ildr5 t all o!r l&s are to h] :at prose is to poetry or wat] to w9e--seem to h wak5$ 9 him ! gift ( song4 ,less beautiful ?an ^! patriotic elegies is ! abec$>ian hymn on ! spiritual hi/ory ( our _w1 ,altus prositor1 vetu/us di]um1 et +5itus1 :i* is giv5 9 ! ,app5dix to ! ,lyra ,sacra ,hib]nica 7,belfa/1 #ahgi7 & 9 ! second "p ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,todd's ,lib] ,hymnorum4 ,x is writt5 9 a v rude ,lat9ity1 & is int5d$ = in/ruction & edification r ?an lyric expression4 ,b x is an int]e/+ monum5t ( ! fai? ( ! great mission>y1 z x br+s u ne>] him ?an does ! wond]ful biography by ,abbot ,adamnan1 8 sev5? successor at ,iona4 ,x 0 fir/ pr9t$ 9 #afeg by ! ,iri% s*ol> ,colgan1 & ) x two o!r & %ort] hymns 7,9 ,te1 ,*ri/e1 cr$5tium & ,noli1 ,pat]1 indulg]e71 :i* also may be ,columcille's4 ,flavius 0 ,bi%op ( ,*alons 9 ! ye> #ehj1 & has left "o hymn1 ,tellus et ae?'ra jubil5t1 :i* ,daniel calls an excell5t poem 7c>m5 eximium74 ,its !me is our ,"l's wa%+ ! feet ( ! ,apo/les1 & = ?is reason x 0 commonly sung aft] meals 9 "s mona/]ies4 ,( ! sev5? c5tury1 ! c5tury ( ,h]aclius & ,mahomet1 !re is n "o great hymn-writ] kn[n z su*1 b !re are "s great hymns4 ,! greate/ is ! ,urbs beata ,hirusalem1 dicta pacis visio1 ( :i* ! ,angul>e fundam5tum is a "p1 & :i* is ( ! sev5? or eigh? c5tury4 ,daniel1 h[ev]1 ) ! support ( ,s*loss]1 reg>ds ?is hymn z n c]ta9ly old] ?an ! t5? c5tury1 & has ,neale's support 9 ass]t+ t ! la/ two v]ses are a lat] addition to give x suitabl5ess = s++ at a d$ication ( a *ur*4#bd ,! e>lie/ m5tion ( its use 9 ! t5? c5tury is 9 ! *ur* ( ,poiti]s at ! annual bless+ ( ! font on ,ea/] ,sunday1 :i* t5ds to confirm ! supposition t two v]ses h be5 add$4 ,he ?9ks x ( ,spani% orig91 z ! metrical =m is "o usual 9 ! ,moz>abic ,brevi>y4 ,9 lat] days x und]w5t ?ree revisions4 ,9 ! old ,p>is ,brevi>y ( #aebg x becomes ! ,urbs ,j]usalem beata2 9 ! new ,brevi>y ( #agcf x becomes ! ,urbs beata1 v]a pacis visio "u ! h&s ( ,abb ,besnault 7ob4 #agbf74 ,9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y ( #afca x is ! ,coele/is ,urbs ,j]usalem1 ! =m1 z usual1 be/ kn[n to mod]n read]s & translators1 b n ! be/ wor? kn[+4 ,along ) ! ,urbs beata we may place ! ,gloriosa ,j]usalem1 probably ( ,spani% orig91 & ( ! same c5tury z well z simil> 9 cont5ts1 b unequal 9 beauty & poetic wor?4 ,next 9 wor? is ! abec$>ian judgm5t hymn1 ,app>abet rep5t9a dies magna ,dom9i1 :i* ,neale speaks ( z conta9+ ! g]m ( ! ,dies ,irae4 ,x is little m ?an a rehe>sal 9 a tro*aic metre ( our ,"l's pr$iction ( ! ,day ( ,judgm5t4 ,x foll[s ! ,scripture text mu* m closely ?an does ,?omas ( ,celano4 ,b$e m5tions x 9 ! next c5tury4 ,mrs4 ,*>les has translat$ x4 ,to ?is sev5? c5tury or ! next ,mone ref]s ! ,salvator mundi1 ,dom9e1 :i* is mo/ probably an ,anglo-,saxon hymn1 al?\gh ( ! ,ambrosian s*ool4 ,x reappe>s 9 ! ,anglican ,or>ium ( #aefj & ! ,preces ,privatae ( #aefd1 & is said to h be5 famili> to ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne & ,bi%op ,k5 ?r\gh its use at ,wykeham's s*ool 9 ,w9*e/]4 ,x1 along ) ! ,te lucis ante t]m9um1 also sung at ,w9*e/]1 may h sugge/$ bo? ,bi%op ,k5's 8,glory to !e1 my ,god1 ?is night10 & ,br[ne's 8,! night is come1 l to ! day10 giv5 9 8 ,religio ,m$ici4 ,to ! sev5? c5tury we also may ref] ! ,quicunque vultesse salvus1 a hymn bett] kn[n z ! ,a?anasian ,cre$4 ,besides ^! !re are two gr\ps ( hymns ^: temporal limits d n lie )9 ! sev5? c5tury on ei!r side1 b :i* may be z well discuss$ "h z any:]e4 ,! fir/ are ! e>ly ,spani% hymn-writ]s4 ,we "k by "n ?ree ( ! sev5? c5tury4 ,! fir/ is ,isidore1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,seville 7#egj-fcf71 ! s*ol> ( encyclopa$ic range1 :o did s mu* to adapt ! le>n+ ( ! ,romans to ! wants ( ! ,go?ic community 9 ,spa94 ,to him are ascrib$1 some:at d\btfully1 ?ree ballad-hymns 9 honor ( z _m m>tyrs & two abec$>ian poems on rep5tance4 ,m c]ta9ly au!ntic are ?ree or f\r ascrib$ to 8 contempor>y ,eug5ius1 :o 0 ,ar*bi%op ( ,tol$o f #fdf to #feg4 ,he has left u ?irty-two ,lat9 poems 9 classic metres1 none ( :i*1 /rictly speak+1 are hymns1 b 8 ,rex ,deus imm5se has f\nd its way into ! collections4 ,9 8 day he work$ h>d to improve ! s++ & o!r s]vices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,la/ly1 !re is ! ,spani% magi/rate ,cyxilla1 :o built a *ur* 9 honor ( ! m>tyr ,?yrsus ( ,tol$o1 & wrote a hymn = ! d$ication1 ?\gh "s say he got ,isidore to d x = him4 ,daniel 7,i41 #aij7 gives x 9 full f ! ,moz>abic#be ,brevi>y4 ,b f> m important are ! anonym\s hymns ( t ,brevi>y1 :i* con/itut$ ! hymn>y ( ! old ,spani% ,*ur* at ! date ( ! conque/ ( ! c\ntry by ! ,s>ac5s 7#gaa-ad71 & :i* ?r\gh ! tempor>y pro/ration ( ! ,*ur*'s en]gy 0 pres]v$ f additions & alt]ations4 ,! collection !re=e is int]e/+ z conta9+ no?+ ( lat] date ?an ! eigh? c5tury1 & probably v little t is lat] ?an ! sev5?4 ,besides a l>ge numb] ( hymns traceable to o!r au?ors1 f ,hil>y to ,gregory--mo/ ( !m f ,ambrose & 8 s*ool--!re are =ty-eight hymns peculi> to ?is anci5t ,brevi>y4 ,( ^! ! be/ kn[n are ! ,alleluia piis edite laudibus1 ! ,cunctorum rex omnipot5s1 ! ,jesu def5sor omnium1 ! ,o ,dei p]5ne ,v]bum ( ,bi%op ,arturus ,s]ranus ( ,tol$o1 ! ,sac] octav>um dies1 ! ,sacrata ,*ri/i tempora1 & ! ,surg5tes ad ,te1 ,dom9e4 ,x is well kn[n t ! hymns ( ,ambrose & 8 s*ool enjoy$ great repute 9 ,spa94 ,^! unnam$ writ]s evid5tly h /udi$ at 8 feet1 _! mode ( deal+ ) ! great !mes ( ,*ri/ian praise hav+ mu* 9 common ) 84 ,! c\ntry1 h[ev]1 :i* gave ,s5eca1 ,lucan1 & ,qu9ctilian to ,lat9 lit]ature 0 "u no necessity m]ely to imitate an ,italian model2 & we f9d ^! ,spani% poets dep>t+ widely f ,ambrose's s*ool z reg>ds ! =m ( _! v]se4 ,! f\r-l9$ /anza1 ) f\r iambic feet 7u -7 9 ea* l9e--a l9e us$ by ! trag$ian ,s5eca be=e x 0 adopt$ by ! ,*ri/ian poets--is ! =m ( v]se employ$ almo/ exclusively by ! ,ambrosian s*ool4 ,! ,moz>abic writ]s also use x 7,convexa solis orbita71 b !y also employ z a sub/itute a tro*aic v]se ( elev5 syllables 7,lucis auctor clem5s1 lum5 imm5sum7 & m complex *oriambic =ms 7,alleluia piis edite laudibus1 etc474 ,b _! hymns1 z a :ole1 lack pi? & =ce2 n "o ( !m has e>n$ a place by itself 9 ! affections ( ,lat9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,! second national gr\p is t ( ! e>ly ,iri% writ]s ( ,lat9 hymns4 ,!re are n s _m ( ^!1 & /ill few] names h be5 pres]v$4 ,b !y des]ve notice z monum5ts ( t aggressive ,*ur* ^: mission>y labors r5d]$ su* gr& s]vice 9 ! ,*ri/ianization ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,( ,caelius ,s$ulius !re is en\gh said 9 ! *apt] devot$ to him & 8 acro/ic hymn4 ,( ,columcille & ! ,altus ,deus prositor we h spok5 above4 ,! next "n :i* meets u is t ( ,ladk5us or ,la?acan1 an ,iri%man ( ! sev5? c5tury1 to :om is ascrib$ a hymn ( ! class call$ 9 ,iri% ,luirea* 7or lorica71 mean+ a %ield4 ,!re are two hymns ( ?is class ascrib$ to ,patrick & to ,columcille4 ,! =m]1 be/ kn[n by ,james ,cl>5ce ,mangan's v]sion1 8,at ,t>a to-day1 9 ?is awful h\r1 ,i call on ! holy ,tr9ity60 is probably n ! "w ( ! ,apo/le ( ,irel&2 b z x1 l t ( ,columcille1 is 9 ,iri%1 x ne$ n deta9 u "h4 ,! latt] beg9s1 8,alone am ,i ^u ! m\nta91 ,o ,k+ ( heav51 prosp] my way1 ,& !n no?+ ne$ ,i fe>1 ,m ?an if gu>d$ by six ?\s&40 ,t ( ,la?acan1 :ile possess+ ! same g5]al "*1 z aim+ at a ,*ri/ian sub/itute = ! ,druidical *>ms ( ! pagans1 is on a l[] level bo? religi\sly & poetically4 ,no less ?an elev5 ( its tw5ty-?ree quatra9s are occupi$ ) ! enum]ation ( ! p>ts ( ! human body1 :i* are plac$ "u div9e protection1 & ^! may be n )\t int]e/ to ! /ud5ts ( ! hi/ory ( physiological k4 ,_m ( ! e>ly ,iri% hymns are 9 ! national language1 :i* 0 at t "t ! vehicle ( a vigor\s native poetry4 ,( ^? 9 ,lat9 ! mo/ beautiful is ! ,communion hymn1 8,sancti v5ite1 ,*ri/i corpus sumite10 :i* bo? ,daniel & ,neale praise = its noble simplicity4 ,an old ,iri% leg5d1 to :i* we ne$ n p9 our fai?1 repres5ts ,patrick & 8 nephew ,se*nall z he>+ ! angels s+ x fir/1 dur+ ! (f]tory be=e ! communion1 & adds1 8,s f t "t to ! pres5t t hymn is *ant$ 9 ,er9n :5 ! body ( ,*ri/ is receiv$40 ,s++ at ! communion 0 n unusual 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*1 & ,gregory ( ,t\rs has pres]v$ an antiphon us$ at t sacram5t :i* closely resembles ! ,iri% hymn4 ,b x is n[ disus$4 ,! hymn is f\nd 9 ! ,bangor ,antiphon>y1 an old ,iri% manuscript ( ! sev5? c5tury1 fir/ publi%$ by ,muratori 9 8 ,anecdota 7#afig-ih74 ,f ,bangor x _h be5 c>ri$ to ,bobbio1 ! fam\s mona/]y f\nd$ on ,italian soil by ! ,iri% mission>y ,columbanus aft] he _h be5 driv5 out ( ,burgundy by ! reign+ p[]s4 ,f ,bobbio x made its way to ! ,ambrosian ,libr>y at ,milan1 :]e ,muratori f\nd x4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ monum5ts ( ! e>ly ,iri% ,*ur*1 & its hymns are giv5 or indicat$ by ,daniel 9 8 f\r? volume4 ,! fir/ is a s]ies ( qu9ta9s1 ea* = "o ( ! canonical h\rs4 ,!n ! ,hymnum dicat turba fratrum1 :i* already ,b$a describ$ z hymnus ille pul*]rimus1 is f\nd 9 a mutilat$ =m 9 ! ,antiphon>y1 & ascrib$ to ,hil>y4 ,x is a t]se rehe>sal ( ! facts ( our ,"l's bir?1 life1 passion1 & resurrection4 ,daniel sugge/s t x is "o ( ! primitive hymns ( ! m>tyr-ages ( ! ,*ur* to :i* ,pl9y ref]s1 & br\ght into ,lat9 f ! orig9al ,greek by "s s*ol>ly ,briton or ,iri% man4 ,!n a hymn 9 commemoration ( ! ,apo/les 7,precamur ,patrem71 ( :i* also ,daniel ?9ks t ,iri% s*ol>%ip may h r5d]$ f ! ,greek4 ,!n a morn+ hymn bas$ on ! ,con/ant9opolitan cre$ 7,spiritus div9ae lucis gloriae72 & ano!r 9 honor ( ! m>tyrs 7,sacratissimi ,m>tyres summi ,dei72 ! ,lorica ( ,la?acan2 & two hymns 9 honor ( ,/4 ,patrick1 "o by ,se*nall & ! o!r by ,fiacc4 ,daniel gives only ! =m]1 :i* is an abec$>y hymn4 ,bo? are full ( ! m>vell\s--an elem5t n want+ ev5 9 ! contempor>y docum5ts ( ,patrick's life1 & q abundant 9 ^? ( lat] date4 ,besides ^! !re are f\r o!r hymns :i* ,mone has %[n to be ( ,iri% au?or%ip4 ,! fir/ is ! ,jesus refulsit omnium1 :i* has be5 ascrib$ to ,hil>y1 b is %[n n to be 8 n only by ! rhyme1 b by ! allit]ation :i* m>ks x z orig9at+ 9 ! ,nor? ( ,europe4 ,x is f\nd 9 manuscripts1 ,g]man & ,engli%1 ( ! elev5? c5tury2 b ,mone ascribes x to an ,iri% au?or bo? because ( ! /rophe employ$ & because ( ! mixture ( ,greek words ) ! ,lat91 ! ,iri% be+ ! be/ ,greek s*ol>s ( ! ,we/1 & be+ n dis9cl9$ to %[ (f _! erudition 9 ?is way4 ,ano!r is an abec$>y hymn1 ,ad coeli cl>a non sum dignus sid]a1 fam\s z hav+ be5 suppos$ by "s /upid critic to be ! lo/ ev5+ hymn :i* ,hil>y s5t f ! ,ea/ to 8 daught] along ) ! ,lucis l>gitor spl5dide4 ,x probably is z old z ! six? or sev5? c5tury1 bo? ! /ructure ( ! v]se & ! allusions to pagan beliefs & ,*ri/ian h]esies indicat+ t antiquity4 ,! use ( allit]ation & o!r peculi>ities indicate an ,iri% au?or1 b probably a monk ( ,bobbio1 z ! acc5tuat$ ,sapphic v]se 0 9 use 9 t c\ntry4 ,"h are sev5 ( its mo/ *>act]i/ic /anzas3 ,to ! cle> />s ( heav5 ,i am n wor?y ,! base eyes ( my mo/ sad behavior ,ev5 to lift3 weigh$ d[n ) sorr[s e>?y1 ,sp>e me1 ,o ,savi\r4 ,boon :i* ,i ought to %[ ,i h neglect$1 ,evil ,i did3 no limit might resi/ me2 ,crime by no secret consci5ce 0 reject$2 ,o ,*ri/1 assi/ me4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,leave me1 ,o ,"l1 alone ) my rep5t+1 ,me f my bir? all evil :o inh]it1 ,give me b te>s f dep?s ( my cons5t+ ,p5it5t _s4 ,m9e1 z ,i ?9k1 are vices s appall+ ,t ! wor/ torm5ts /ill w n )hold me1 ,save z ?y pity on a wret* is call+1 ,glad to enfold me4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,rescue ( e>?1 ! only hope ( mortals1 ,equal ) ,fa!r & ) ,holy ,_s ,?ree1 & yet "o beyond ^? viewless portals ,save by ?y m]it4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,xri/ h ,i ev]1 9 ! fai? mo/ holy1 ,prais$ ) my lips & made a true confession2 ,purely ,i spurn$ all h]esy1 nor sl[ly ,wr\ght my pr(ession4 ,h,ymns h ,i sung 9 ,arius's d]ision1 ,b>k+ ,sabellian dog ,i h n favor$1 ,simon ! sw9e1 ^: covet\s base vision ,m9e nev] favor$4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 ,besides ?is we h ! ,cantemus omni die conc55tes v>iae1 :i* furni%es a rem>kable comb9ation ( su/a9$ rhyme ) a free use ( allit]ation2 & two hymns 9 honor ( ,mi*ael ! ,ar*angel1 ( :i* ! fir/ is an abec$>y1 & has ! same /ructural peculi>ity4 ,besides ^! !re are o!r hymns 9 ! ,leabhur ,jomann1 or 8,book ( ,hymns10 9 honor ( ,/4 ,brigid 7(t5 conf\nd$ ) ! ,/4 ,birgitta ( ,sw$57 & o!r ,iri% sa9ts--"s 9 ,lat9 & "s 9 ,iri%4 ,!y h be5 edit$ = ! ,iri% ,ar*aeological ,society by ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,todd 7,dubl91 #ahee-fi74 ,to ! eigh? c5tury1 ! age ( ! ,iconocla/s1 ( ,john ( ,damascus & ( ,b$a1 we trace b few anonym\s hymns4 ,z we h said1 ! ,urbs beata ,hirusalem 7) ! ,angul>e fundam5tum7 may belong "h1 & s may "s 9 ! ,moz>abic ,brevi>y4 ,b z only ! manuscripts we h nam$ & ! 8,psalt] ( ! ,que5 ( ,sw$50--s call$ because x once 0 ! prop]ty ( ,que5 ,*ri/9e--g back to ?is "t1 we c only guess :i* ( ! hymns m>k$ z 8v old0 9 manuscripts ( ! elev5? & lat] c5turies date back to ?is4 ,niebuhr f\nd 9 a t5?-c5tury manuscript ! pilgrim hymn ,o ,roma nobilis1 orbis et dom9a1 & publi%$ x 9 ! ,rhe9is*es ,museum 7#ahbi71 & trac$ its acc5tual =m ( v]se back to ! old folk-songs ( ,rome1 su* z ! ,roman soldi]s may well h sung at ! triumph ( ,camillus1 & c]ta9ly did s beh9d ! gold5 triumphal *>iots ( ,caes> & ,aurelian4 ,to ?is c5tury "s ascribe ! hymn = m>tyrs1 ,sanctorum m]itis inclyta gaudia1 :i* holds its place 9 a reca/ 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 & has occupi$ ! att5tion ( at lea/ f\r ,engli% translators4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( !ology x is memorable z giv+ ,gotts*alk a po9t by its use ( ! phrase tr9a deitas1 to :i* ,ar*bi%op ,h9cm> /rongly object$4 ,( ! less notable hymn-writ]s ( ?is c5tury ?ree belong to ! gr\p ( lit]>y m5 :om ,*>les ! ,great ga!r$ at 8 c\rt or employ$ 9 8 adm9i/ration4 ,t ,*>les himself 0 a poet 9 any s5se we h no evid5ce1 mu* less t he wrote ! ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus4 ,8 biograph]1 ,eg9h>d1 tells u t al?\gh he spoke ,lat9 flu5tly--8 native language1 ( c\rse1 be+ ,g]man--he nev] fully acquir$ ! art ( writ+1 al?\gh he kept a tablet "u 8 pill[ = ! sake ( practis+4 ,he 0 a ke5 lov] ( le>n+ & a g5]\s patron ( education4 ,9 "o ( 8 trips to ,italy he enc\nt]$ at ,p>ma an ,engli%man1 *ief ( ! ,ca!dral s*ool at ,york1 & !n on 8 way to ,rome to obta9 ! pallium = ,ar*bi%op ,eanbald4 ,*>les (f]$ him suffici5t inducem5t to remove to ! ,cont95t1 & = f\rte5 ye>s 7#ghb-if7 ,alcu9 ( ,york 7#gce-hjd7 0 ,*>les's m9i/] ( education & head ( ! palace s*ool1 9 :i* bo? ! k+ & 8 *ildr5 /udi$4 ,he 0 rew>d$ ) v>i\s abbacies1 & 9 #gif he retir$ to "o ( !m--t ( ,/4 ,m>t9 at ,t\rs--)draw+ f ! n v admirable c\rt ( 8 patron to sp5d 8 eight la/ ye>s 9 /udy & devotion4 ,he 0 succe$$ by an ,iri%man nam$ ,clem5s1 :o br\ght ov] ! ,iri% pref]5ce = ,greek philosophy1 especially t ( ,plato1 to ,alcu9's ke5 annoyance4 ,9 ! collections !re are "s half-doz5 hymns ascrib$ to ,alcu91 none ( :i* h made any m>k$ impression4 ,he 0 an hone/1 plodd+1 unimag9ative ,engli%man1 su* z /ill writes ,lat9 v]ses at ,eton or ,h>r[1 invit ,m9]v1 & z a matt] ( duty1 n ( necessity4 ,m notable = p]sonal qualities 0 ! ,lomb>d1 ,paul ,w>nefri$ 7#gcj-if71 bett] kn[n z ,paul ! ,deacon 7,paulus ,diaconus71 :o _h witness$ ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,lomb>d k+dom by ,*>les 9 #ggd1 & !n )drew to ,monte ,cas9o1 :]e he became a ,b5$ict9e monk4 ,he attract$ ,*>les's att5tion 9 #gha by a poetical petition 9 behalf ( 8 bro!r ,ari*is1 :o _h be5 c>ri$ beyond ! ,alps z a prison]2 & ! k+ invit$ him to 8 c\rt4 ,he return$ to ,monte ,cas9o 9 #ghg4 ,8 mo/ important "w1 ! ,de ,ge/is ,longob>dorum ,libri ,sex1 is m>k$ by a lively & patriotic int]e/ 9 ! leg5ds1 habits1 & =tunes ( 8 own p4 ,he has pres]v$ = u mu* e>ly ,teutonic lore1 su* z ! poetical explanation ( ! orig9 ( ! "n 8,lomb>d10 :i* ,k+sley has work$ into a poem 9 ,hypatia4 ,a ,frank he nev] became1 & ! r\gh soldi]s ( ,*>les's c\rt propos$ to cut (f 8 h&s & put out 8 eyes by way ( res5t+ ?is4 8,god =bid10 repli$ ,*>les1 8t ,i %\ld ?us treat s excell5t a poet & a hi/orian40 ,!re are b two hymns :i* be> ,paul ,w>nefri$'s "n3 "o 9 commemoration ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 & ! o!r on ! miracles ( ,b5$ict ( ,nursia4 ,! =m]1 :i* frequ5tly is divid$ into ?ree p>ts = diff]5t s]vices on ,/4 ,john's day1 is a hymn ( mu* m]it1 & /ill holds its place 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,its wide/ fame is 9 connection ) ! hi/ory ( music1 z f its fir/ v]se we d]ive ! ord9>y names ( our musical notes4 ,! v]se runs1 ,ut queant laxis ,reson>e fibris ,mira ge/orum ,famuli tuorum1 ,solve polluti ,labii reatum1 ,sancte ,johannes4 ,! tune compos$ = ! hymn 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 or adapt$ to x1 _h ! peculi>ity t ea* half v]se began on "o ( ! b>s ( ! /aff1 & ea* a note high] ?an ! la/4 ,?is sugge/$1 possibly to ,guido ( ,arezzo 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 ! possibility ( us+ ^! fir/ syllables z a mnemonic device to fix ! pit* ( ea* note on ! memory ( ^? :o 7 le>n+ to s+4 ,guido1 9 a lett] to 8 fri5d ,mi*ael1 describes ! device 9 t]ms :i* sugge/ t x 0 8 own4 ,b !re is no w>rant = ! assumption (t5 made 9 ?is connection t he devis$ ! musical /aff4 ,t 0 9 use 9 ,engl& z e>ly z #ajaf1 :ile ,guido wrote ab\t #ajfg4 ,a ?ird ( ,*>les's protgs 0 ,paul9us1 :om he made patri>* ( ,aquileia 7#gbf-hjd71 & :o is specifi$ by ,george ,cass&] z ! au?or ( ?ree extant hymns4 ,"o ( ^!1 ! ,refulgit omnia luce mundus aurea1 is ?\ght by ,mone to belong to ! six? or sev5? c5tury4 ,x is 9 ! ornate /yle ( 8 namesake ( ,nola & 8 imitator ,elpis1 s t x may be ! "w ( ! old] ,paul9us4 ,x possesses a philological int]e/ z be+ writt5 9 ! l+ua ru/ica1 or prov9cial & c\ntrifi$ ,lat91 out ( :i* ! ,romance languages 7 develop$4 ,paul9us ( ,aquileia 0 a ,g]man1 :o took an active "p 9 ! controv]sies ( 8 times1 z may be se5 f 8 prose works4 ,walafrid ,/rabo 9 ! next c5tury speaks ( him z a hymn-writ]2 b x is impossible to say h[ _m1 if any1 ( ! hymns :i* /& 9 8 "n are 8 "w4 ,! n9? c5tury is mu* m f]tile 9 hymns ?an ei!r ! sev5? or ! eigh?4 ,x is ! age ( ,*>les ! ,great z ,emp]or1 ( ,rabanus ,maurus & ,h9cm>1 & ( ,john ,scotus ,erig5a2 & x witness$ ! f\nd+ ( ! s*ool ( sequ5ce-s+]s at ,/4 ,gall4 ,to ?is c5tury has be5 trac$ ! beautiful pas*al sequ5ce ,victimae pas*ali laudes immol5t ,*ri/iani1 "o ( ! few :i* hold _! place 9 ! ,roman ,missal4 ,kehre91 on :at seems to him good au?ority1 ascribes ! sequ5ce to ,wipo1 ! ,burgundian *apla9 ( ! ,emp]or ,conrad ,,ii41 & ! tutor ( ,h5ry ,,ii41 :o has left u sev]al poems on hi/orical ev5ts ( 8 "t1 besides a prose life ( ,conrad & two didactic poems = ! edification ( ,h5ry4 ,he 0 a man ( unusual acqua9tance ) classical lit]ature1 :i* probably l$ to 8 selection z tutor to ! "y pr9ce4 ,all ?is makes ,kehre9's ascription ( ! sequ5ce to him h an air ( probability1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is weak5$1 if n de/roy$1 by a comp>ison ( ?is ) 8 und\bt$ poems4 ,^! employ bo? ! classic hexamet] & ! rhym$ v]se ( 8 own age2 b 9 nei!r does he %[ ! f9e e> = rhy?m :i* ! au?or ( ! ,victimae pas*ali laudes mu/ h possess$4 ,! sequ5ce 0 "o ( ^? ,ea/] hymns 9 :i* ,lu!r took su* delight1 & :i* he describes 9 g5]al t]ms 9 8 ,h\se-,po/ill3 8,9 ! "t ( pop]y _m f9e hymns 7 sung6 ,he t broke up hell1 & ov]came ! v ,devil !re91 !re) ! ,"l r$eem$ 8 ,*ri/5dom40 ,else:]e 9 ! same book he calls ?is 8a v beautiful hymn10 especially f9d+ delight 9 ! second v]se1 ,mors et ,vita duello conflix]e mir&o3 ,dux vitae mortuus regnat vivus4 8,make x :o w1 he mu/ h _h a high & ,*ri/ian und]/&+ to h pa9t$ ?is picture ) su* f9e gracefulness40 ,9 8 comm5t>y on ,hosea1 he aga9 quotes x ) especial praise4 ,to ?is n9? c5tury ,ko* assigns ! ,virg9is proles opifexque matris1 :i* /ill holds its place 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y 9 a revis$ =m4 ,less (f5sive to ,prote/ant e>s is ! brief & beautiful sequ5ce1 probably ( ?is c5tury1 ,quod *orus vatum1 :i* ,mr4 ,blew has translat$ = 8 ,*ur* ,hymn & ,tune-,book 7#ahee71 & ! editor ( ! ,lyra ,messianica has copi$4 ,"h also belongs ! ,ad ,dom9um clamav]am1 :i* is "o ( ! e>lie/ attempts at a metrical treatm5t ( ! ,psalms4 ,x consi/s l>gely ( extracts f ! fifte5 ,psalms ( ,degrees4 ,"h also belongs ! ,i/e confessor ,dom9i1 :i* /ill holds its place 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,( ! less-kn[n hymn-writ]s we may "n ! y\ng] ,prud5tius1 :o1 l 8 great] namesake1 0 a ,spani>d by bir?1 8 family probably be+ "o ( ! _m :i* took refuge 9 ,france f ! rule ( ! ,s>ac5s4 ,inde$1 he assum$ ! "n out ( complim5t to ! eld] poet--a practice v repreh5sible 9 ! eyes ( hymnologi/s1 z increas+ ! amply suffici5t confusion :i* hangs ar\nd ! id5tity ( hymn-writ]s4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ m5 ( 8 "t1 & _h ! manl9ess to def5d ! ,augu/9ian doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation aga9/ ,h9cm> ( ,rheims1 at ! "t :5 ,gotts*alk _h br\ght x into ill repute by 8 p>adoxical /atem5t ( x4 ,b he & ,h9cm> f\nd common gr\nd 9 oppos+ ,john ,scotus ,erig5a1 :o ass]t$ t ! :ole controv]sy grew out ( ! ascription ( temporal exi/5ce to ! div9e & et]nal m9d4 ,8 hymns are lo/ to u1 ^? ascrib$ to him be+ c]ta9ly n ( 8 au?or%ip1 unless p]haps ! ,virgo ,dei g5etrix4 ,s]vatus ,lupus 7#hje-fc71 abbot ( ,f]rires1 0 "o ( ! _m pupils ( ,rabanus ,maurus1 :o rose to em95ce 9 ! ,*ur* ( ?is age1 & 7 employ$ by ! ,k>l+ k+s 9 public affairs4 ,8 be/ monum5t is 8 lett]s1 :i* give u a vivid picture ( a "t ( disord]1 & ( a man ( g5u9e capacity & hone/ purpose4 ,8 hymns 9 praise ( ,/4 ,wigb]t are ( less wor?4 ,mu* m important is ,!odulph ( ,orleans 7ob4 #hba71 ! au?or ( a s+le hymn1 :i* has pres]v$ 8 memory n less by its own m]its ?an by its association ) a beautiful b unhi/orical leg5d ( its au?or%ip4 ,he1 too1 0 ( ,spani% bir? & ,go?ic /ock4 ,he 0 honor$ & tru/$ by ,*>les ! ,great1 & 0 "o ( ! witnesses to 8 w4 ,he 0 /rongly imp]iali/ 9 8 politics1 bo? be=e & aft] ,*>les's dea? oppos+ ! inevitable sep>ation ( ,france f ,g]many1 especially 9 8 poems to ,*>les & 8 sons1 :i* are among ! be/ ( t age4 ,9 #hah1 h[ev]1 he 0 implicat$ ju/ly or unju/ly 9 ! rebellion ( ,b]n>d1 ,k+ ( ,italy1 aga9/ 8 uncle ! emp]or1 & 0 imprison$ ?ree ye>s4 ,:ile 9 prison he compos$1 tradition says1 ! hymn = ,palm ,sunday1 ,gloria1 laus et honor1 toge!r ) o!r poems1 z ! pa/ime ( we>y h\rs4 ,! /ory runs t x 0 to ! hymn he ow$ 8 lib]ation4 ,on ,palm ,sunday ( #hba ! ,emp]or ,lewis ! ,pi\s 0 at ,ang]s1 :]e ! ,bi%op ( ,orleans 0 imprison$ 9 a mona/]y4 ,?r\gh an op5 w9d[1 :5 ! emp]or 0 )9 he>+1 he sang ! hymn1 :i* s mov$ 8 he>t t he gave ord]s to set ! prison] at lib]ty4 ,ano!r v]sion ( ! /ory is t he _h taught x to ! *ildr5 ( ! *ur*1 :o sang x be=e ! emp]or4 ,! leg5d is discr$it$ by ! fact t 9 #hba !re 0 a g5]al amne/y = political (f5d]s1 :i* mu/ h giv5 him 8 lib]ty4 ,he di$ )9 ! ye>1 by poison x is said4 ,to make ! li/ complete we add ! names ( ,ermanri* 7ob4 #hdj71 abbot ( ,ellwang5 9 ,wrtemb]g2 ,drepanius ,florus 7ob4 #hfj71 deacon ( ! *ur* ( ,lyons2 ,eric1 a monk at ,sa9t-,g]ma9 at ,aux]re1 & ,paul ,alv>ez ( ,cordova 7ob4 #hfa7--;all ( :om h left u hymns 9 commemoration ( sa9ts4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,notk] a full acc\nt has be5 giv5 ( ! ?ree pr9cipal s+]s ( ,/4 ,gall--,notk] ,balbulus1 ,tutilo1 & ,h>tmann4 ,!re are two less] sequ5ce-writ]s ( t mona/]y :o belong to ! same 7n9?7 c5tury--,ratp]t & ,waltram4 ,ratp]t 7ob4 #ijj71 l ,notk]1 0 a pupil ( ! ,iri%man ,mngal4 ,he 0 ( noble family & born 9 ! neighborhood ( ,zuri*1 & made su* pr(ici5cy t he 0 entru/$ ) ! ov]sight ( ! out] s*ool at ,/4 ,gall4 ,8 8proses0 7 compos$ especially = processional use & = pilgrimages1 & !re=e are n sequ5ces 9 ! /rict s5se4 ,to adapt !m to ?is use he fitt$ !m ) refra9s1 :i* might be caught up by ^? :o _h little famili>ity ) ,lat94 ,! ,rex sanctorum angelorum is ! be/ kn[n ( !m4 ,b mo/ important is 8 position z ! fir/ 9 po9t ( "t ( ! ,g]man hymn-writ]s4 ,he wrote a ,g]man hymn 9 honor ( ,/4 ,gall 7fecit c>m5 b>b>icum populo 9 laude ,sancti ,galli can5dum71 ( :i* un=tunately we h only ,ekkeh>d's ,lat9 translation1 made a c5tury lat]4 ,waltram nev] rose above ! rank ( deacon at ,/4 ,gall4 ,he 0 m fam\s = 8 poems on secul> !mes1 writt5 to ! music ( ! sequ5ces1 ?an = sequ5ces prop]4 ,b "o ( ! latt] is ascrib$ to him4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,! ,,unkn[n ,,& ,,! ,,less ,,kn[n ,,hymn-,,writ]s4 ,t5? to ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,! t5? c5tury--! c5tury ( ! ,danes1 ( ! ,normans1 ( ! ,o?os1 ( ! ,olafs1 ( ,dun/an1 & ( ,cordova z a c5tre ( philosophic & sci5tific culture--saw ! g5]al e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity among ! ,teutonic peoples ( ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,x 0 n ri* 9 great ,*ur*m51 great m5 ( lett]s1 or great hymn-writ]s4 ,we f9d 9 x no "n great en\gh to des]ve a sep>ate *apt]4 ,yet ,odo ( ,cluny & ,fulb]t ( ,*>tres1 ! two ,ekkeh>ds1 & ,rup]t ( ,/4 ,gall are en\gh to %[ t x 0 n altoge!r b>r54 ,?is d>k age 0 a "t :5 ! wor%ip ( ,m>y & ! sa9ts1 already on ! increase 9 previ\s ages1 made rapid advances4 ,! practice ( =mal canonization ( ! sa9ts dates f #iic4 ,p]haps ! mo/ *>act]i/ic hymn ( ! c5tury is ! ,ave ,m>is /ella1 :i* has be5 ascrib$ to ,v5antius ,=tunatus ( ! six? c5tury1 b _c be old] ?an ! t5?4 ,daniel's f9al judgm5t 0 t a ,/4 ,gall ,,ms4 proves x to belong "h1 al?\gh he =m]ly _h ?\ght x might be z e>ly z ! six? c5tury4 ,moll & ,mone1 h[ev]1 w\ld put x ev5 lat]1 on ! !ory t x borr[s f "o ( ,h]mann ( ,rei*5au's sequ5ces4 ,x is "o ( ! favorite hymns ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 be+ f\nd 9 all ! brevi>ies1 & assign$ = use n only at ! ,annunciation1 to :i* x prop]ly belongs1 b to o!rs ( ! _m fe/ivals 9 honor ( our ,"l's "m4 ,9 ! foll[+ v]sion ,mr4 ,duffield has giv5 ! easy =m ( ! orig9al3 ,hail1 ?\ /> ( ocean1 ,god's own "m mortal1 ,virg9 ev] p]fect1 ,heav5's own bless$ portal4 ,bright ) su* a message1 ,gabriel gave !e greet+2 ,grant u1 !n1 ?y favor1 ,eve's defeat defeat+4 ,loose ! prison]'s bondage1 ,give ! bl9d _! vision1 ,drive all evils f u1 ,pray = our condition4 ,%[ ?yself our "m1 ,let ?y pray] avail u ,) ?y ,son1 our ,savi\r1 ,born t naught %\ld fail u4 ,virg9 pure & only1 ,mild among all o!rs1 ,make u free f s9n+1 ,meek beyond our bro!rs4 ,to ?is c5tury or lat] we mu/ assign ! ,m>tyr ,dei qui unicum1 :i* 7z ,invicte ,m>tyr unicum7 /ill holds its place 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y2 & ! ,jesu ,r$emptor omnium1 :i* is simil>ly honor$4 ,odo ( ,cluny 7#hgi-idc7 is ! fir/ ( ! ?ree poets :o h adorn$ t fam\s mona/ic h\se4 ,he 0 d$icat$ be=e 8 bir? to ,/4 ,m>t91 by 8 fa!r1 a c\rti] ( ! ,duke ( ,aquita9e1 & became a monk at ,t\rs 9 fulfilm5t ( ?is v[4 ,he got su* education z ! times furni%$1 go+ to ,p>is = ! sake ( f9d+ ! be/ s*ools4 ,he !n jo9$ ! congregation ( ?ree mona/]ies rec5tly f\nd$ by ,b]non1 :o 0 abbot ( !m all4 ,at ! dea? ( ,b]non he became ! second abbot ( ,cluny1 & x speaks ill = ei!r ,b]non or ! age t he f\nd 8 "w to be t ( a mona/ic re=m] ev5 9 a "y mona/]y4 ,he 0 ! mo/ consid]able figure 9 ! ,fr5* ,*ur* ( 8 "t1 & 8 advice & m$iation 7 s\ght on all sides4 ,z 8 "n 0 a v usual "o1 a long s]ies ( books he did n write has be5 fa!r$ on him1 :at he really left be+ a collection ( addresses to 8 monks 7,collationes71 "s s]mons1 & a few hymns1 ab\t f\r 9 all4 ,( ^! ,dr4 ,neale has translat$ ! ,lauda1 mat] ecclesiae1 lauda ,*ri/i1 & ,mr4 ,*amb]s ! ,aet]ni ,patris unice4 ,!y commemorate ,m>y ,magdal5e1 id5tify+ h]1 ( c\rse1 ) ,m>y ( ,be?any1 z ,*ur* tradition does4 ,fulb]t ( ,*>tres 7#iej-ajbh7 0 to ,france1 9 ! second half ( ?is c5tury ( disord] & transition1 :at ,odo 0 9 ! fir/4 ,he also 0 f ,aquita9e1 & possibly ( a noble family1 al?\gh he seems to contradict 8 biograph]s on t po9t :5 he says1 8non opibus nec sangu9e fretus ,consc5di ca!dram1 paup]1 de sorde levatus40 ,he /udi$ at ,rheims "u ! great s*ol> ,g]b]t1 aft]w>d ,pope ,sylve/] ,,ii4--8a pope10 z ,dr4 ,dll+] says1 8:o 0 held 9 great honor z ! mo/ le>n$ s*ol> & ! mo/ enlight5$ _s ( 8 "t10 b aft]w>d 0 reg>d$ z an exp]t 9 ! black art1 & ev5 z hav+ sold himself to ,satan4 ,f him ,fulb]t at lea/ le>n$ no black arts4 ,transf]r$ 9 #ifh to ,*>tres z *ancellor ( ! ca!dral1 ) *>ge ( its s*ool1 he made ! place a c5tre ( attraction to /ud5ts f ?ree nations4 ,8 s*ol>s call$ him 8! ,franki% ,socrates10 & frequ5t is ! ref]5ce 9 writ]s ( ! next g5]ation to ! delightful fell[%ip !y _h ) ?is bright-m9d$ & dev\t ma/]1 :o taught ! sci5ce ( bo? natural & div9e ?+s1 ent]+ into "r human relations ) ea* ( !m1 & po9t+ !m to t k :i* is life et]nal4 ,ev5 aft] ,rob]t ,,ii4 elevat$ him to ! bi%opric ( ,*>tres1 9 #ajjg1 he f\nd "t to take "p 9 ! "w ( tea*+1 :i* he s mu* lov$4 ,he di$ 9 #ajbh4 ,8 lett]s are 8 *ief monum5t1 & !y give u an unattractive picture ( 8 age4 ,"o ( !m d5\nces bi%ops :o h become soldi]s z unwor?y ( ! "n4 ,o!rs tell ( ! murd]1 9 ! v por* ( ! ca!dral1 ( a prie/ he _h made ! sub-dean ( ! ca!dral at ,s5s4 ,! fri5ds ( a rival c&idate kill$ him1 ) ! alleg$ connivance ( ! bi%op ( ,s5s6 ,9 yet ano!r he takes to task ,con/ance1 ! %rew :om a j ,provid5ce aw>d$ to ,rob]t ,,ii4 z 8 la/ wife4 ,8 s]mons are less notable1 & mu* giv5 to ,m>iolatry4 ,8 hymns are few 9 numb]1 b "o ( !m1 ! ,*orus novae ,hirusalem1 is a ,:itsunday hymn ( mu* beauty1 yet x has n comm5d$ itself to ! compil]s ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,mone rem>ks t x unites classic metre ) rhyme1 :i* is true also ( 8 hymn 9 commemoration ( ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs1 ,int] patres mona*alis4 ,! fif? abbot ( ,cluny1 ,odilo 7#ifb-ajdh71 0 a de> fri5d ( ,fulb]t's1 & lam5t$ 8 dea?4 ,he cont9u$ ! "w ( mona/ic re=m begun by ,odo1 :i* made ,cluny ! c5tre ( mona/ic en]gy & life 9 ?is age4 ,especially 0 ! sev]ity ( ! re/or$ rule ( ,b5$ict1 z practis$ at ,cluny1 oppos$ to ! lax] ord] e/abli%$ by ! ,iri% monks 9 ,g]many4 ,s absorb$ 0 he 9 ?is "w t he refus$ to be made ,ar*bi%op ( ,lyons4 ,fulb]t call$ him 8! ar*angel ( ! monks40 ,he also wrote hymns1 b !re are none t we c atta* ) c]ta9ty to 8 "n4 ,! same is true ( ,salvus1 abbot ( a cloi/] 9 ! ,*ri/ian k+dom ( ,nav>re4 ,h]ig]1 abbot ( ,lobbes 7#idj-ajji71 a ,flemi% ,b5$ict9e & hagiologi/1 ( great r5[n z an educator & a s*ol>1 has left "o hymn1 ,ave p] quam1 & two antiphons1 9 honor ( ! ,apo/le ,?omas4 ,!odoric ( ,monte ,cas9o wrote a hymn 9 honor ( ,/4 ,maurus4 ,to ! elev5? c5tury we owe ! beg9n+s ( _m ?+s--rag pap]1 ,go?ic ar*itecture1 our mod]n musical notation1 ! crusades1 ! tr\bad\rs1 ! peace ( ,god1 ! ,norman rule 9 ,engl&4 ,x is ! c5tury ( ,hildebr&1 ( ,pet] ,damiani1 ( ,anselm ( ,cant]bury1 ( ! great /ruggle to e/abli% ! celibacy ( ! cl]gy & to aboli% lay patronage 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,x is n ri* 9 hymn-writ]s1 b x has "s m9or names & anonym\s hymns wor?y ( notice4 ,to ?is c5tury belongs ! manuscript collection ( old ,engli% hymns 9 ,lat9 :i* ! ,rev4 ,joseph ,/ev5son edit$ = ! ,surtees ,society 9 #ahea 7,lat9 ,hymns ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ur*1 ) an ,int]l9e> ,saxon ,gloss4 ,f a manuscript ( ! ,elev5? ,c5tury 9 ,durham ,libr>y74 ,:ile _m ( !m are f\nd equally 9 ! brevi>ies & hymn>ies ( ! ,cont95t1 !re is a l>ge numb] :i* seem to be peculi> to ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 & h n be5 trac$ to any cont95tal s\rce4 ,none ( ^! are v great hymns1 & _! importance to u is p>tly f our int]e/ 9 ! "w ( our ,engli% ance/ors1 & p>tly f ! pref]5ce %[n to !m by mod]n ,engli% translators4 ,b su* "w z ,annis p]actis m5sibus & ,nuntium nobis f]o de sup]nis is m ?an respectable4 ,9 ?is manuscript is f\nd ! beautiful hymn = ,septuagesima & succe$+ ,sundays1 ,alleluia1 dulce c>m51 :i* !re=e may be an old ,engli% hymn4 ,x 0 writt5 9 accordance ) ! old usage t 8,alleluia60 %\ld be sung frequ5tly on t & ! foll[+ ,sundays 9 prep>ation = ,l5t4 ,to ?is c5tury ,ko* assigns ! abec$>ian hymn1 ,a patre unig5itus1 :i* gets almo/ ?r\gh ! alphabet 9 tw5ty l9es1 b is bett] ?an ?is w\ld indicate1 or ,mr4 ,*amb]s w\ld n h translat$ x4 ,"h belongs ! ,audi1 tellus1 audi1 :i* un=tunately is only p>tly pres]v$ 9 its orig9al & unexp&$ =m4 ,x is a judgm5t hymn1 b n "o ( ! greate/4 ,! ,lu!rans us$ x = "s "t aft] ! ,re=mation1 & ,dr4 ,wa%burn has translat$ x4 ,! enl>g$ =m recalls ! ,cur mundus militat ( ,jacoponus4 ,du ,mril has publi%$ a ,*ri/mas hymn ( ?is c5tury1 ,congaudeat turba fidelium1 ^: fir/ six v]ses indicate its popul> use by _! refra91 8,9 ,be?lehem60 ,x be>s a close resemblance to _m ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & may h be5 _! model4 ,to ! same editor we owe ! t]se & spirit$ ,ea/] hymn ( ?is same c5tury1 ,mitis agnus1 leo =tis1 :i* has f\nd sev]al ,engli% translators4 ,to ?is c5tury or1 at late/1 to ! next1 we mu/ assign ! v beautiful hymn 9 commemoration ( ,/eph5 ! ,protom>tyr1 ,sancte ,dei pretiose1 ^: popul>ity seems to h made x especially tempt+ to ! hymn-t9k]s ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x is f\nd 9 two o!r =ms1 bo? ( !m mu* wat]$2 8b nobody likes inspiration & wat]10 z ,l[ell says4 ,to ,anselm ( ,cant]bury1 ! great ar*bi%op & !ologian1 sev5 hymns are assign$ 9 ! collections4 ,!y are s mu* bel[ ! level ( ! ,cur ,deus ,homo1 ! ,monologion1 & ! ,prosologion ( t great ma/]1 z to sugge/ t !y are ! "w ( "o ( ! less] ,anselms--= ! "n 0 a common "o 9 t age--& t !y h be5 assign$ to him by ! eag]ness ( 8 editors to swell 8 works1 z has be5 done ) _m prose treatises4 ,"o ( ! be/ is a long 8,pray] to ! ,"l & all ,8 ,sa9ts10 beg9n+ ,deus1 pat] cr$5tium1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,duffield says1 9 a manuscript note1 t x 8conta9s _m excell5t /anzas40 ,!re is ano!r1 8,to ,m>y & all ! ,sa9ts10 ne>ly z long1 :i* %[s ! au?or's tra9+ 9 a ,fr5* s*ool by its use ( ! assonance4 ,yet ano!r on ,m>y alone--,lux quae luces 9 t5ebris--:i* has be5 brok5 into eight brief hymns = ! canonical h\rs4 ,*ri/ z ! ,son & ,m>y h]self are invok$ 9 alt]nate v]ses4 ,bett] ?an any ( ^! is a little hymn :i* is 8 9 ! s5se ( be+ bas$ on a f9e passage ( 8 prose m$itations4 ,?is 8second ,augu/9e10 l ! fir/1 0 happi] z an occasion ( poetry 9 o!r m51 ?an 9 8 own v]ses4 ,"h x is3 ,,to ,,! ,,holy ,,_s4 ,v5i jam v5i ,b5ignissime1 ,dol5tis animiae ,consolator1 ,promptissimus ,9 opportunatibus ,et tribulationibus ,adjutor6 ,v5i =titude fragilium1 ,relevator lab5tium ,v5i doctor humilium ,de/ructor sup]borum1 ,pius pat] orphanorum1 ,dulcis v9dex vidu>um4 ,v5i spes paup]um1 ,refocillator defici5tium6 ,v5i navigantium ,sidus1 ,naufragantium ,portus6 ,v5i omnium viv5tium ,s+ul>e decus1 ,mori5tium ,unica salus1 ,v5i ,sancte ,spiritus6 ,come1 yea & quickly come1 ,?\ g5tle/ gue/1 ,to !m ( sorr[+ m9d1 ,consol] ble/6 ,?\ swifte/ help & guide ,9 e *ance1 ,& 9 our %>p di/ress ,deliv]ance4 ,come1 c\rage ( ! c[>d brea/1 ,:o raise/ !m t s9k oppress$6 ,come1 tea*] ( ! humble1 ?\ ,:o br+e/ pride to du/1 ,?\ ,fa!r ( ! fa!rless1 ,! wid['s /ay & tru/4 ,come1 ?\ hope ( pov]ty1 ,reviv+ f despond5cy4 ,come1 ?\ ( sail+ s\ls ,! ,/>2 ,come1 ?\ ! port ( !m ,:i* %ipwreck$ are6 ,come1 ?\ ! "o r5[n ,( all t live2 ,come1 ?\ ! s+le tru/ ,:i* dea? c give2 ,come1 ,holy ,_s6 ,ano!r ,anselm ( ?is c5tury is ! ,bi%op ( ,lucca1 :o di$ #ajhf1 & to :om is ascrib$ a long m$itative poem on our ,"l's life1 9 a k9d ( rhym$ v]se :i* is mu* m frequ5tly met 9 ! n>rative or humor\s poems ( ! next c5tury1 call$ ,goli>dic4 ,x does n belong to ! lyric poetry ( ! ,*ur*1 al?\gh a spirit$ hymn has be5 extract$ by ,h]b]t ,kyna/on f ! passage giv5 by ,tr5*4 7,see ,lyra ,messianica1 pp4 #bhc1 #bhd47 ,anselm 0 a weak man caught 9 ! /orm ( ! controv]sy ov] inve/itures1 & w\ld h end$ 8 days z a monk ( ,cluny1 if ,gregory ,,vii4 _h n =bidd5 him4 ,x is said t1 al?\gh he _h writt5 9 def5ce ( ! claims ( ,gregory aga9/ ! anti-pope ,guib]t1 he f9ally jo9$ ,guib]t's p>ty be=e 8 dea?4 ,godefroy or ,ge(roy1 ,abbot ( ,v5dome1 is ano!r hymn-writ] :o 0 mix$ up 9 t controv]sy1 b rema9$ /eadfa/ on ! papal side4 ,he belongs bo? to ?is & ! next c5tury1 hav+ be5 made abbot 9 #ajid1 & liv$ on till #aabi at lea/4 ,twelve times he cross$ ! ,alps 9 ! int]e/ ( ! papacy1 & 0 rew>d$ = 8 zeal by a c>d9alate4 ,8 lett]s /ill pres]ve = u ! picture ( a zeal\s ultramontane *ur*man2 b 8 f\r 8proses0--"o ab\t our ,"l's "m & ?ree on ,m>y ,magdal5e--are ( less importance4 ,to ,h]ib]t 7ob4 #ajdb71 ,bi%op ( ,ei*/ett51 9 mod]n ,bad5 7anci5tly "p ( ,swabia71 ,migne 7,patrologia1 #ada7 ascribes a numb] ( hymns1 :i* previ\sly _h borne no o!r "n 9 ! collections4 ,8 dom9ant t5d5cy z a hymn-writ] is %[n by ! fact t he wrote five hymns beg9n+ ,ave ,m>ia1 gratia pl5a1 none ( :i*1 h[ev]1 is ! well-kn[n hymn beg9n+ ) ^? words4 ,t belongs to a lat] c5tury4 ,! be/ ( 8 hymns are t to all sa9ts1 ,omnes sup]ni ord9es1 & t to ! cross1 ,salve crux sancta1 salve mundi gloria1 ( :i* ,prior ,aylw>d has furni%$ a spirit$ v]sion to ,mr4 ,%ipley's ,annus ,sanctus4 ,( ! au?or we c le>n no?+ m ?an 8 date & location4 ,! succession ( sequ5ce-writ]s 9 ,s\!rn ,g]many 0 kept up ?r\gh ?is c5tury by ,gotts*alk & ! f\r? ,ekkeh>d ( ,/4 ,gall4 ,( ,gotts*alk we "k little m ?an t he /udi$ "u a ma/]1 ,he9ri*1 9 an unnam$ mona/]y ( ,s\? ,g]many1 to :om ,s*ubig] 7,die ,sng]s*ule ,/4 ,gall5s1 #aheh7 assigns ! ,ave praecl>a ,m>is /ella 7see p4 #afc71 on ! au?ority ( a manuscript he believes to be old] ?an ,h]mann ,contractus4 ,( ,gotts*alk's own sequ5ces !re are b ?ree :i* c]ta9ly are 81 & !y all are prosy4 ,if he & n "s ,fr5* ,gotts*alk ( ?is c5tury be ! au?or ( ! ,o ,deus1 mis]i mis]]i s]vi1 :i* ,daniel 7,,iv41 #agc7 copies f ,du ,mril1 x is bett] ?an any ( 8 sequ5ces4 ,du ,mril incl9es to ascribe x to ! ,gotts*alk ( ! n9? c5tury1 :om we met 9 ! hi/ory ( ,rabanus ,maurus4 ,ekkeh>d ,,iv4 is memorable only = 8 ,lat9 v]sion ( ! ,g]man hymn by ,ratp]t 9 honor ( ,/4 ,gall1 ( :i* ! orig9al is lo/4 ,! twelf? c5tury is t ( ! great ,crusades1 ( ,b]n>d & ,abel>d1 & ,pet] ! ,v5]able1 & ,hildeb]t & ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor4 ,! age also ( ,?omas ,becket1 ,pet] ,lomb>d1 & ,salad94 ,! ,civil ,law 0 r$iscov]$ at ,amalfi2 ! ,canon ,law dige/$ by ,gratian2 ! age-long conflict ( ,guelphs & ,ghibell9es began1 to end only ) ! political ru9 ( ,g]many & ! dismemb]m5t ( ! ,empire4 ,x 0 a "t ( great intellectual activity 9 ,we/]n ,europe4 ,! univ]sities took _! rise n[1 al?\gh n kn[n by t "n till ! next c5tury4 ,9 ! national lit]atures ( ,france & ,g]many x 0 ! spr+time ( a new age--! age ( ! tr\bad\rs & ! tr\vres1 ( ! ,m9nes+]s1 & ! popul> romances4 ,9 ,lat9 hymnology no c5tury 0 m f]tile 9 great ?+s ?an ?is4 ,( ! anonym\s hymns trac$ to ?is c5tury !re are sev]al ( great beauty4 ,! hymn on ! ,apo/les1 ,exultet coelum laudibus1 holds its place 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y 9 a mu* dilut$ revision4 ,x %[s a close /udy ( ,scripture & great comm& ( t]se expression4 ,! ,ea/] hymn1 ,f9ita jam sunt praelia1 g5]ally is giv5 ) a d\ble ,alleluia prefix$4 ,daniel ref]s x to ?is c5tury2 ,neale to ! next4 ,x is kn[n to ,engli% read]s by ! v]sions ( ,rev4 ,francis ,pott 78,! /rife is o'er1 ! victory won607 & ( ,dr4 ,neale 78,f9i%$ is ! battle n[071 bo? ( great m]it4 ,exactly ! same diff]5ce ( au?orities we f9d z to ! date ( ! ,o filii et filiae1 ano!r ,ea/] hymn ( great beauty & /ill m honor$ by ! pref]5ces ( ! translators1 b ignor$ by ! collectors1 ,pr(essor ,m>* except$4 ,! ,passion hymn1 ,patris ,sapi5tia1 v]itas div9a1 has be5 b&i$ ab\t among _m suppos$ au?ors1 two popes ( ! f\rte5? c5tury includ$4 ,x is 9 ! 8,goli>dic0 metre we f9d 9 ,anselm ( ,lucca1 :i* 0 widely us$ 9 ! satirical poetry ( ?is c5tury4 ,x !re=e probably belongs "h1 & may be ! "w ( ! 8,egidius ,episcopus0 specifi$ 9 "o copy ( ! hymn4 ,a ?ird ,ea/] hymn1 ! ,surrexit ,*ri/e hodie1 may be z old z ?is c5tury1 z !re is a ,g]man hymn ( ?is c5tury :i* borr[s f x1 ,*ri/us i/ er/&54 ,9 its ,lat91 inde$1 lies ! g]m ( _m lat] ,ea/] hymns1 includ+ t ( ,*>les ,wesley1 8,*ri/ ! ,"l is ris5 to-day40 ,x is itself ! simple/ & true/ expansion ( ! ,ea/] morn+ greet+ ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 :5 its memb]s1 z !y met ea* o!r on ! /reet on t ,sunday1 sub/itut$ 8,*ri/ is ris560 = ! usual 8,peace be ) y60 ,t 0 ! ^w ( confession by :i* ! ,*ur*'s ,ea/] joy 9 ! triumph ( good ov] evil1 light ov] d>kness1 ! spiritual spr+tide ov] spiritual w9t]1 0 proclaim$ to a joyless & despair+ _w4 ,to ?is c5tury also belongs ! ,adv5t sequ5ce1 ,v5i1 v5i ,emmanuel6 ,s ,dr4 ,neale ?9ks1 b ,pr(essor ,daniel hesitates4 ,x und\bt$ly is bas$ on ! eight 8,great] ,antiphons10 :i* 7 sung at ! ,vesp] s]vice on ! eight days prec$+ ,*ri/mas 7,o ,sapi5tia1 etc471 ( :i* a metrical v]sion by ,"l ,nelson & o!rs is 9 ! ,hymnal ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,at lea/ z old z ?is c5tury is ! v beautiful sequ5ce on ! life ( ,*ri/1 ,9 sapi5tia dispon5s omnia1 :i* ,mone f\nd 9 a ,,ms4 ( ?is c5tury1 & ,tr5d 7,lyra ,my/ica7 & ,cripp5 h translat$4 ,! two halves ( ! sequ5ce diff] 9 a m>k$ way 9 _! metrical /ructure4 ,( ! less] hymn-writ]s ( ! c5tury1 ,m>bod is ! mo/ productive4 ,l ,fulb]t & ,odilo1 he might z well be cr$it$ to ! la/ c5tury z to ?is4 ,he 0 ! son ( a fur deal] at ,ang]s1 nam$ ,rob]t1 became ,bi%op ( ,r5nes1 & di$ a monk at ,/4 ,aub9 9 #aabc4 ,he _h ! fight+ qualities ( ! ,angev9s1 ^: *ur*es are full ( ! tombs n ( sa9ts1 b ( arm$ w>riors1 ,mi*elet says4 ,he took su* an active & aggressive "p 9 a dispute ov] ! election ( a bi%op ( ,ang]s t ! o!r p>ty made him _! prison] & c>ri$ him out ( ! mle4 ,b x 0 8 em95ce z a ,lat9 poet = :i* 8 age mo/ valu$ him4 ,:5 he di$ ! monks ( ,/4 ,aub9 ann\nc$ ! fact 9 a circul> lett]1 & ,ulg]1 ,bi%op ( ,ang]s1 anticipat$ ! extravagance ( ,dryd5's epigram on ,milton 9 8 praises ( 8 fri5d3 8,cessit ei ,cic]o1 cessit ,m>o ,junctus ,hom]o40 ,beaug5dre 9 #agjh collect$ 8 poems & publi%$ !m along ) ^? ( 8 contempor>y1 ,hildeb]t ( ,t\rs4 ,!y are mo/ly v]sifi$ leg5ds ( ! sa9ts1 ) a long poem1 ,de ,gemmis1 int]e/+ & curi\s z %[+ ! 8my/ical0 associations ( ! m$iaeval m9d ) preci\s /ones4 ,f ?is ,mone gives ! int]pretation ( ! preci\s /ones 9 ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 beg9n+ ,cives coele/is patriae4 ,m hymn l 9 "* is ! ,deus-,homo rex coelorum1 :i* ,*ancellor ,b5$ict has translat$ f ,tr5*'s an?ology3 ,deus-,homo1 ,rex coelorum1 ,mis]]e ,mis]orum2 ,ad pecc&um proni sumus1 ,et ad humum r$it humus2 ,tu ru9am no/ri fulci ,pietate tua dulci4 ,quid e/ homo1 proles ,adae ,g]m5 necis1 dignum clade4 ,quid e/ homo nisi v]mis1 ,res infirma1 res in]mis4 ,ne dign]is huic irasci1 ,qui non pote/ mundus nasci ,noli ,deus1 hunc damn>e1 ,qui non pote/ non pecc>e2 ,judic>e non e/ equum ,creaturam1 non e/ tecum2 ,non e/ mis] homo tanti1 ,ut respondeat ,tonanti4 ,sicut umbra1 sicut fumus1 ,sicut fo5um facti sumus2 ,mis]]e1 ,rex coelorum1 ,mis]]e mis]orum4 ,?\ ,god-man 9 heav5 above u1 ,look ^u u1 ,"l1 & love u4 ,we to s9 are always t5d+1 ,e>? ) e>? is always bl5d+4 ,?\1 ,o ,"l1 f ru9 save u ,?r\gh ! hope ?y goodness gave u4 ,:at is man f ,adam spr++8 ,born ( s91 de/ruction br++4 ,:at is man b worm degrad$1 ,weak & helpless :5 unaid$8 ,make n him ?y wra? inh]it1 ,:o _c ?y favor m]it4 ,born to be a s9ful be+2 ,damn him n1 ?\ ,god all-see+4 ,to condemn ?y helpless creature ,is n wor?y ( ?y nature2 ,wret*$ man is n suffici5t1 ,"l1 to answ] ! omnisci5t4 ,made l smoke & %ad[ fleet+1 ,l ! hay ! tempe/ meet+1 ,pity1 ,"l 9 heav5 above u1 ,wret*$ s9n]s6 save & love u4 ,!re are two notable sequ5ces attribut$ to ! nun ,hildeg>d ( ,b+5 7#aajd-gh71 a vision>y & prophetess :o comm&$ ! respect ( ,b]n>d & 8 pupil1 ,pope ,eug5ius1 by h] ca/igations ( ! disord]s ( ,*ri/5dom1 z did ,birgitta ( ,sw$5 & ,ca!r9e ( ,si5na 9 a lat] p]iod4 ,!re is extant a lett] ( h]s to ,b]n>d1 writt5 dur+ 8 visit to ,g]many to prea* ! second crusade1 9 :i* %e expla9s 9 v imp]fect ,lat9 ! nature ( h] gift4 ,h] life 0 begun by ,gottfri$ & f9i%$ by ,!odori*1 monk ( ,tri]4 ,a comp>ison ( h] works--! ,scivias & ! ,lib] ,div9orum ,op]um--) ! lett] to ,b]n>d on ! "o h&1 & ,!odori*'s "p ( ! biography on ! o!r1 makes x v evid5t t ! monk wrote h] works z well z h] life2 & h[ mu* ( h] g5u9e prophecies he work$ into !m we are unable to say4 ,x !re=e is n decisive z to h] au?or%ip t ! ,o ignis ,_ss ,p>acliti & ! ,o virga ac diadema are f\nd 9 ! manuscripts ( h] works1 & t ,!odori* v\*es = ! =m]4 ,! au?or ( ^! sequ5ces _h no acqua9tance ) ! metrical pr9ciples ( ! s*ool ( ,/4 ,gall1 & seems to h tak5 ! ,lat9 psalt] z a model4 ,dr4 ,littl$ale1 9 8 v]sion ( ! =m]1 sub/itutes a /rict] metrical =m4 ,pi]re de ,corbeil 0 successively tea*] ( !ology at ,p>is--:]e he _h ,innoc5t ,,iii4 among 8 pupils--,bi%op ( ,cambray1 & 9 #abjj ,ar*bi%op ( ,s5s4 ,innoc5t employ$ him on important missions1 & he 0 a man ( note 9 ! ,*ur* & ,/ate ( 8 age4 ,a manuscript /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale ( ,p>is conta9s a satire on m>ri$ m5 :i* is ascrib$ to him 7,satyra adv]sus eos qui ,uxores ducunt74 ,b x is a v diff]5t k9d ( poem :i* entitles him to m5tion "h1 8 hymn ,,tr9itas1 ,,unitas1 ,,deitas4 ,tr9ity1 unity1 ,deity ,et]nal2 ,maje/y1 pot5cy1 purity ,sup]nal6 ,/one & m\nta91 rock & f\nta91 ,brea? & bridge mo/ c]ta91 ,travell$ way2 ,sun & light & brightness1 sn[y peak 9 :it5ess1 ,p]fect day6 ,?\ art lov] & giv]1 ,creator1 receiv]1 ,r$eem]1 ,& door unto life2 ,?\ art favor & fitness ,& spl5dor & brightness ,& fragrance1 ,:]e deadness is rife4 ,?\ art highe/ & nighe/2 ,( mon>*s ! k+1 & ( /atutes ! spr+1 ,& ! judge-- ,:om angels adore3 ,^! laud !e1 applaud !e1 ,& *ant 9 _! song1 z !y praise l\d & long1 ,:om !y love-- ,?y sa9ts ev]more4 ,?\ art greatness & on5ess-- ,! fl[] z x %9e?1 ! rose z x tw9e?2 ,!n rule u & save u ,& br+ u be=e !e ,9 glory ,& joy1 we implore !e4 ,?\ art ,god 9 ?y ju/ice ,& tru5ess & goodness2 ,?\ art :olly & solely ,! ,"l6-- ,to !e be ! glory ,:i* sa9ts1 9 ! highe/1 accord4 ,pietro ,gonella1 a ,franciscan monk ( ,tortona 9 ,pi$mont1 is ! reput$ au?or ( a long m$itative poem on ! mis]ies & follies ( life & ! c]ta9ty ( dea? & judgm5t1 :i* ,du ,mril f\nd 9 a manuscript ( ?is c5tury4 ,if he be n mi/ak5 z to ! date ( ! manuscript1 ( c\rse1 ,eug4 de ,levis 7,anecdota ,sacra1 ,tur91 #aghi7 is wrong 9 ascrib+ x to ,pietro1 z !re 7 no ,franciscans 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! *ronology is important because ( ! relation ( ! poem to ! ,dies ,irae4 ,9 po9t ( metrical =m !y diff] only 9 ?is ,heu6 ,heu6 mala mundi vita 7bett] kn[n z ! ,cum revolvo toto corde1 f ! op5+ l9e ( its second "p71 hav+ f\r l9es to ! v]se in/ead ( ?ree4 ,9 po9t ( s5se ! resemblances are s /rik+ z to sugge/ t ,?omas ( ,celano has pl\gh$ ) ! heif] ( 8 e>li] c\ntryman4 ,9 pro( ( ?is take ^! /anzas3 ,t]ret me dies t]roris1 ,irae dies et furoris1 ,dies luctus et mo]oris1 ,dies ultrix peccatoris4 ,v5iet ,judex de coelis1 ,te/is v]ax et fidelis1 ,v5iet et non silebit1 ,judicabit nec timebit4 ,expavesco quidem multum ,v5turi ,judicis vultum1 ,cui latebit nil occultum1 ,et manebit nil inultum4 ,ju/e quidem judicabit1 ,nec p]sonam acceptabit1 ,pretio non corrumpetur1 ,s$ nec precibus flectetur4 ,et quis no/rm non timebit1 ,qu&o ,judex app>ebit1 ,ante quem ignis ardebit1 ,peccatores qui delebit4 ,judicabit omnes g5tes ,et salvabit innoc5tes1 ,arguet omnes pot5tes ,et deliciis flu5tes4 ,especially notable are ! /anzas3 ,dies illa1 dies vitae1 ,dies lucis inauditae1 ,et mors ipsa morietur1 ,qua nox omnis de/ruetur4 ,jam fe/9at rex coele/is1 ,judex no/] atque te/is1 ,fe/9ant] app>ebit1 ,omnis c>o quem videbit4 ,ecce ,rex desid]atus ,et a ju/is expectatus ,jam fe/9at exoratus1 ,ad salv&um praep]atus4 ,app>ebit nec t>dabit1 ,v5iet et demon/rabit ,gloriam1 quam prae/olantur1 ,qui pro fide tribulantur4 ,if no?+ :atev] _h be5 kn[n z to ! date ( ! two poems1 we %\ld h pron\nc$ ?is an expansion ( ! ,dies irae1 dies illa by a lat] poet1 :o _h two objects 9 view3 ! fir/1 to %>p5 to ! consci5ce ( 8 read]s ! w>n+s ( ! imp5d+ judgm5t2 ! second1 to complete ! poem by br++ ! joys ( ! judgm5t m prom95tly into view4 ,& ) all respect = ,edele/& du ,mril's judgm5t1 we w\ld l to h m light on ! date ( 8 manuscript4 ,a manuscript /ill pres]v$ at ,liege 9 ,belgium conta9s ! lett]s ( ,guido ( ,baso*es1 :i* is ei!r ,bas-oha1 a village ne> t city1 or1 z ,mone ?9ks1 a place ne> ,*teaudun 9 ,france4 ,among ^! lett]s are giv5 a numb] ( hymns1 :i* he s5ds to 8 correspond5ts4 ,!y %[ "s p[] ( v]sification1 b no?+ m1 & are defac$ by conceits & puns4 ,?us he puts ! "n ( ,/eph5 ?r\gh ! six cases ( ! ,lat9 gramm> 9 z _m v]ses ( a hymn4 ,!re are five writ]s ( ?is c5tury1 ea* ( :om is cr$it$ ) a s+le hymn4 ,rudolph ( ,radegg1 a s*oolma/] ( ,e9si$eln1 wrote a hymn 9 honor ( ,/4 ,me9rad1 :i* beg9s ,nunc devota silva tota4 ,to ,?omas ,becket is ascrib$ ! ,gaude ,virgo1 ,mat] ,*ri/i1 ,quia4444 ,x is said to be 8 9 a manuscript ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,to ano!r ,engli%man1 ,b]ti]1 is ascrib$ ! only ,lat9 hymn 9 ! collections :i* relates directly to ! ,crusades1 ,juxta ,?r5os ,j]emiae4 ,x fir/ appe>s 9 ! *ronicle ( ,rog] ( ,hov$51 ) ! /atem5t t ,b]ti] wrote x 9 #aahh4 ,la/ is ,aelr$ 7#aajd-ff71 :o seems to h be5 a l[l& ,scot*man by bir?1 & to h %>$ ! education ( ,h5ry1 son ( ,k+ ,david ( ,scotl&4 ,k+ ,david wi%$ to make him a bi%op1 b he pref]r$ ! life ( a monk4 ,he made 8 way to ! ,ci/]cian mona/]y at ,rievaulx 9 ,york%ire 7n ,revesby 9 ,l9coln%ire1 z "s say71 & !re sp5t 8 days1 becom+ abbot 9 #aadf4 ,t he 0 a mo/ lovable man we mu/ inf] f 8 s]mons to 8 monks4 ,he is "o ( ! few prea*]s 9 ,dr4 ,neale's ,m$iaeval ,prea*]s & ,prea*+ 7,london1 #ahef71 ( :om we wi% = m4 ,8 epitaph lik5s him1 among o!rs1 to ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 & ! comp>ison is apposite4 ,he 0 an ,engli% ,b]n>d1 ) less p]sonal =ce & grasp ( intellect1 b ) ! same g5tl5ess & fri5dl9ess4 ,8 "o hymn is ! ,pax concordat univ]sa1 :i* is f\nd 9 8 works1 b n 9 any ( ! collections4 ,! !me is cong5ial4 ,! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! c5tury ( ,francis & ,dom9ic1 ( ,aqu9as & ,bonav5tura1 ( ,?omas ( ,celano & ,jacoponus1 is ! age ( ! giants4 ,its anonym\s hymns wor?y ( special m5tion are few 9 numb]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful is ! ,ea/] hymn1 ,c$it frigus hiemale1 9 :i* ! co9cid5ce ( ,ea/] ) spr+ furni%es ! />t+-po9t4 ,x is probably ,fr5*4 ,! ,ave quem desid]o is a ros>y hymn1 :i* rehe>ses our ,"l's life1 ) a v]se = ea* ( ! beads1 :i* surely is bett] ?an ! usual ,ave ,m>ias4 ,! use ( ros>ies is v anci5t--pre-,*ri/ian ev5--b x 0 ) ! rise ( ! ,dom9ican ,ord] 9 ?is c5tury t x became a sanction$ practice4 ,! ,jesu ,salvator seculi & ! ,o ,tr9itas laudabilis h be5 trac$ no fur!r back ?an to ?is age2 b !y pres]ve ! tone & /yle ( ! s*ool ( ,ambrose4 ,s ! ,my/]iorum signif]1 9 honor ( ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael1 recalls an e>li] age1 :ile ! ,jesu dulce m$icam5 sugge/s ! s*ool ( ,b]n>d4 ,?is beautiful hymn has bo? ?\ghtfulness & unction to comm5d x4 ,x repres5ts ! s\nd] tradition ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ 9 ! m$iaeval ,*ur*1 & has be5 neglect$ unduly by ,prote/ant translators4 ,mr4 ,cripp5 is ! only "o :o has r5d]$ x1 & also ! ,ju/e judex ,jesu ,*ri/e1 a hymn ( ! same age & mu* ! same "*4 ,notable ,m>ian hymns are ! ,gaude virgo1 /ella ,m>is1 ,salve porta *ry/all9a1 & ! ,v]bum bonum et suave2 ) :i* may be nam$ t to ,/4 ,john1 ,v]bum ,dei ,deo natum1 (t5 ascrib$ to ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor1 & c]ta9ly ( 8 s*ool4 ,also ( t s*ool is ! vigor\s hymn 9 commemoration ( ,/4 ,paul1 ,paulus ,sion ar*itecta4 ,we add ! t]se & =ceful hymn 9 commemoration ( ,augu/9e ( ,hippo1 ,salve pat] ,augu/9e1 & ! /ill f9] 9 commemoration ( ! m>tyrs ( ! ,*ur*1 ,o beata beatorum m>tyrum c]tam9a1 :i* has f\nd translators 9 bo? ,dr4 ,neale & ,mr4 ,*amb]s4 ,x is defective1 z mak+ !m & n ,*ri/ ! c5tral !me4 ,/4 ,edmund1 ! ar*bi%op :o gave up ! see ( ,cant]bury because 8 he>t 0 brok5 betwe5 ! dem&s ( ! ,pope & ! exactions ( ! k+1 & di$ 7#abdj7 an exile 9 a ,fr5* mona/]y1 is cr$it$ ) two ,m>ian hymns1 "o ( :i* is a 8psalt]10 or hymn ( "o hundr$ & fifty /anzas4 ,!y are n ( great importance4 ,ano!r is ascrib$ to ,rob]t ,gros/ete1 ,bi%op ( ,l9coln 7di$ #abec71 "o ( ! great ,*ur*m5 :o spoke ! tru? to ! see ( ,rome4 ,he 0 ! fri5d ( ,simon de ,mont=t & ( ! ,fri>s1 & ! =emo/ ,*ur*man ( ,engl& 9 8 "t1 z zeal\s = ! re=mation ( ! cl]gy ( 8 diocese & ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,*ur*'s rights aga9/ ! ,k+ z = its relative indep5d5ce ( ! ,roman curia4 ,! ,ave ,dei g5etrix ascrib$ to him exi/s only 9 a revis$ & n improv$ %ape4 ,its twelve v]ses ea* beg9 ) a ^w f ! angelic salutation4 ,! au?or seems to h borr[$ f a hymn ( ,pet] ,damiani4 ,to ,hugo1 a ,dom9ican monk1 :o 0 ,bi%op ( ,/rasburg t[>d ! close ( ! c5tury1 & _h taught !ology ) success1 is ascrib$ ! ,ave mundi dom9a1 9 :i* ,m>y is greet$ z a fiddle--,ave dulcis figella6 ,! f\rte5? c5tury1 l ! sev5?1 furni%es u ) ! "n ( n a s+le hymn-writ] ( real em95ce1 & ( v few :o are n em95t4 ,yet ?is c5tury & ! next exce$ all o!rs 9 ! numb] ( ! hymns1 :i* ei!r c]ta9ly 7 writt5 9 ?is age1 or c be trac$ no f>!r back4 ,b ! quality falls %ort z ! quantity increases4 ,m>y & ! sa9ts are ! favorite !mes2 & ^? two great repositories ( p]v]t$ praise1 ! second & ?ird volumes ( ,mone's collection1 be> emphatic witness to ! ext5t to :i* ! hi]>*y ( sa9ts & angels _h come to eclipse ! spl5dors ( ! ,:ite ,?rone & ev5 ( ! ,cross4 ,!re is n a s+le hymn ( ! highe/ rank :i* we c ascribe to ^! c5turies ( decay1 :5 ! ,middle ,ages 7 pass+ to _! dea?1 to make way = ! ,new ,le>n+ & ! ,re=mation4 ,b ! great revival1 :i* fir/ swept ov] ,italy & !n rea*$ ,g]many ab\t #adgj1 :i* %[$ its p[] 9 ! revival ( 8/rict obs]vance0 9 ! m5dicant ord]s1 9 ! multiplication ( new devotions & pilgrimages1 & ! accumulation ( relics--t revival :i* laid su* a p[]ful grasp on "y ,m>t9 ,lu!r & made a monk ( him--bore abundant fruit 9 hymns bo? 9 ,lat9 & ! v]nacul> languages4 ,x is a sign ( ! new age t ! language consecrat$ by ,*ur* use no long] has a monopoly ( hymn-writ+1 b m5 beg9 to praise z well z to he> 9 _! own tongues ! wond]ful works ( ,god4 ,! rev]5ce = ! ,virg9 rea*es its height 9 ! ,te ,matrem laudamus & ! ,v5i1 praecelsa dom9a1 p>odies ( ! ,te ,deum & ! ,v5i1 sancte ,spiritus1 :i* h no?+ b +5uity & (f5siv5ess to comm5d !m to ,prote/ant read]s4 ,( g5u9e poetical m]it are ! ,reg9a coeli laet>e & ,/ella m>is1 ,o ,m>ia4 ,( ! deluge ( hymns 9 commemoration ( ! sa9ts1 we notice only ! ,n>dus spirat 9 odorem1 :i* indicates ! gr[+ wor%ip ( our ,"l's gr&mo!r1 by :i* ,lu!r 0 captivat$2 ! ,collaudemus ,magdal5a ( ! ,s>um ,brevi>y1 :i* ,daniel calls 8a v sweet hymn0 7suavissimus hymnus74 ,f x is extract$ ! ,unde planctus et lam5tum1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,duffield has made ! foll[+ translation4 ,bo? ,mr4 ,*amb]s & ,mr4 ,morgan h translat$ ! :ole hymn4 ,,unde ,,planctus ,,et ,,lam5tum4 ,:5ce ?is sigh+ & lam5t+8 ,:y n lift ?y he>t above8 ,:y art ?\ to signs cons5t+1 ,kn[+ n :om ?\ do/ love8 ,seek = ,jesus6 ,?y rep5t+ ,%all obta9 :at none might prove4 ,:5ce ?is groan+ & ?is weep+8 ,= ! pure/ joy is ?9e2 ,9 ?y brea/ ?y secret keep+ ,( a balm1 le/ ?\ rep9e2 ,hidd5 !re :il/ ?\ art reap+ ,b>r5 c>e = peace div9e4 ,9 ! ,spe m]c$e et corona we h ! ,*ur*ly view ( ,?omas ,becket's c>e] & its bloody end2 & ! ,o ,rex1 orbis triumphator & ,urbs ,aqu5sis1 urbs regalis repres5t ! ,g]man ef=t to raise ,*>les ! ,great to a place among ! sa9ts ( ! cal5d>4 ,hymns :i* deal ) mu* great] !mes are ! metrical antiphon1 ,v5i1 sancte ,spiritus1 ,reple1 ^: e>ly translations hold a high place 9 ,g]man hymnology2 ! ,recolamus sacram co5am1 :i* ,mone well *>act]izes z a side-piece to ! great communion hymn ( ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ,lauda1 ,sion1 ,salvatorem4 ,l t1 x aims at /at+ ! doctr9e ( ,transub/antiation 9 its mo/ p>adoxical =m 7/at esus integ]74 ,! c5tury furni%es sev]al pretty ,*ri/mas hymns--,en ,tr9itatis speculum1 ,dies e/ laetitiae1 ,nunc angelorum gloria1 ,omnis mundus jucundetur1 & ,resonet 9 laudibus--all ( ,g]man orig9 seem+ly & e>ly kn[n to ! ,g]man p by translations4 ,?is is ! fe/ival :i* ! *ildlike & *ild-lov+ ,teutons always h made ! mo/ (2 & ^! hymns1 ) o!rs ( ! next c5tury1 are among ! e>lie/ monum5ts ( ! fact4 ,to ?is1 or possibly ! next c5tury1 belongs ! my/ical pray]-hymn1 ,anima ,*ri/i1 sanctifica me1 :i* came to be ascrib$ to ,ignatius ,loyola1 because x 0 a favorite ) him4 ,! mo/ notable hymn-writ] ( ! c5tury is ,conrad1 prior ( ,gam+1 a t[n 9 ,l[] ,au/ria1 :]e he liv$ dur+ ! reign ( ,*>les ,,iv4 7#acej-gh74 ,we h 8 manuscript collection 9 a copy made 9 ! next c5tury & pres]v$ at ,mn*54 ,x conta9s ?irty-sev5 hymns :i* probably are 81 & _m ( !m c]ta9ly s4 ,"s c]ta9ly are reca/s ( e>li] hymns4 ,?us he has t9k]$ ,hildeb]t's great hymn1 )\t at all improv+ x4 ,mo/ ( 8 hymns relate to ,m>y1 ! apo/les1 & ! o!r sa9ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,8 hymns %[ a c]ta9 facility 9 ! use ( ,lat9 v]se1 b no =ce ( orig9al inspiration4 ,!y are correct metrically &1 f ! /&po9t ( 8 ,*ur*1 !ologically4 ,! ,o col5da ,deitas is ! mo/ notable4 ,f ! same qu>t] ( ,g]many & ! banks ( ! same ,ems ,riv]1 ,engelb]t1 ,b5$ict9e abbot ( ,admont 9 ,/yria 7di$ #acca71 (f]s u a ,m>ian psalt]1 :i* has be5 ascrib$ to ,?omas ,aqu9as1 b ( :i* two v]ses cont5t ev5 ,mone4 ,aegidius1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,burgos 9 ,spa91 f #abie to #acae1 has writt5 a hymn to ! alleg$ portrait ( ,*ri/ impress$ on ! h&k]*ief ( ,v]onica4 ,x is 9 ! rollick+ ,goli>dic metre1 b ! subject is h&l$ ) skill & success4 ,x has be5 conjectur$ t he is ! au?or ( ! ,patris sapi5tia 9 ! same metre1 :i* "s put back to ! twelf? c5tury & o!rs ascribe to ,pope ,b5$ict ,,xii41 :o di$ 9 #acdb4 ,?is is "o ( ! _m hymns to ^: recitation an indulg5ce 0 atta*$4 ,t ! fifte5? c5tury saw ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ is a c>d9al fact = ! hymnologi/4 ,x 0 especially 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur* t ! new art f\nd employm5t1 & m missals1 brevi>ies1 & o!r ,*ur* books 7 pr9t$ betwe5 its discov]y1 9 #adeb1 & ! beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation1 ?an ( any o!r class ( books4 ,f ?is "t1 !re=e1 we h to deal ) bo? writt5 & pr9t$ s\rces1 & pr9t+ 0 ! means ( sav+ a multitude ( good hymns & sequ5ces :i* else might h be5 lo/ utt]ly4 ,! c5tury also witnesses t great revival ( le>n+ to ^: advancem5t pr9t+ contribut$ greatly1 & :i* 9 its turn prep>$ m5 = ! ,re=mation4 ,we h se5 9 ! *apt] on ! two brevi>ies h[ x affect$ ! edit+ ( old hymns & ! writ+ ( new4 ,b ?is does n beg9 until ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! prec$+ c5tury1 we are emb>rass$ by ! abundance ( bad1 m$iocre1 & middl+ good hymns1 by ! fewness ( ^? :i* are really good1 & ! abs5ce ( su* z w\ld be entitl$ to take ! highe/ rank4 ,! be/ ( ! anonym\s :i* we c trace f>!r back ?an to ! pr9t$ brevi>ies are ! cont9uation ( ! s]ies ( ,g]man ,*ri/mas hymns1 ^: beg9n+ we notic$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,su* are ! ,9 natali ,dom9i1 ! ,nobis e/ natus hodie1 ! ,quem pa/ores laudavre1 ! ,pu] nobis nascitur1 ! ,eia mea anima1 ! ,v]bum c>o factum e/1 & ! ,pu] natus 9 ,be?lehem4 ,( ! la/1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson's translation is z foll[s3 ,,pu] ,,natus ,,9 ,,be?lehem4 ,! *ild 9 ,be?lehem is born1 ,hail1 ,o ,j]usalem1 ! morn6 ,"h lies he 9 ! cattle-/all ,^: k+dom b\ndless is )al4 ,! ox & ass d recognize ,?is ,*ild1 _! ,ma/] f ! skies4 ,k+s f ! ,ea/ are j\rney+1 ,gold1 frank9c5se1 & myrrh !y br+4 ,:o1 ent]+ 9 turn ! place1 ,! new ,k+ greet ) l[ly grace4 ,se$ ( ! woman lies he !re1 ,& no man's son1 ?is ,*ild s fair4 ,unw\nd$ by ! s]p5t's /+1 ,( our own blood comes 9 ! ,k+4 ,l u 9 mortal fle% is he1 ,unlike u 9 8 purity4 ,t s he might re/ore u m5 ,l to himself & ,god aga94 ,:]e=e1 on ?is 8 natal day1 ,glad1 to our ,"l1 we homage pay4 ,we praise ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 ,& r5d] ?anks1 ,o ,god1 to !e6 ,:at ,rusk9 rem>ks ( ! disposition ( ! art ( ! "t to dwell on ! d>k] side ( ?+s--to insi/ on ! seem+ prepond]ance ( d>kness ov] light1 dea? ov] life--is se5 also 9 its hymns4 ,! ,adv5t hymn1 ,v5i1 v5i1 rex gloriae1 is z gloomy a lucubration z ev] 0 associat$ ) a ,*ur* fe/ival4 ,! ,homo tri/is e/o1 :i* is a /udy ( ! ,"l's passion ap>t f ,8 resurrection1 is h>dly m gloomy4 ,b o!r poets h m joyful /ra9s4 ,9 ! ,haec e/ dies triumphalis we h an ,ea/] hymn1 & an ,asc5sion hymn 9 ! ,coelos asc5dit hodie1 :i* are fitt+ly joyful2 & 9 ! ,spiritus sancte gratia an invocation ( ! ,com=t] m prosaic ?an its great pr$ecessors1 b ) its own place 9 ! pres5tation ( t great !me4 ,a r f9e ,tr9ity hymn is ! ,o ,pat]1 sancte1 mitis atque pie1 writt5 9 a sort ( sapphic v]se ) iambic feet be=e ! caesura1 & tro*aic foll[+ x1 ! feet 9 ea* case be+ det]m9$ by acc5t1 n quantity4 ,mr4 ,*amb]s & ,mr4 ,hewett bo? h translat$ x4 ,( ! innum]able hymns & sequ5ces to ! sa9ts1 we notice t our ,"l's gr&mo!r comes 9 = an increas+ %>e4 ,mone 9 8 ?ird volume gives tw5ty-five1 ( :i* sixte5 belong to ?is c5tury & eight to ! f\rte5?4 ,x is significant t "o ( !m1 ,o /ella m>is fulgida1 is a hymn to ,m>y1 :i* 0 alt]$ to ! new devotion to h] "m4 ,%e is hail$ 9 o!rs z ! 8refuge ( s9n]s0 7peccantibus refugium71 & decl>$ immaculate 7,anna labe c>5s71 & exalt$ 9 a way :i* sugge/s t ! o!r memb]s ( ! g5ealogical l9e :i* connects our ,"l ) ,adam h be5 neglect$ mo/ unfairly4 ,:y /op ) ,8 gr&mo!r & exclude ,8 gr&fa!r8 ,x 0 9 ! next c5tury t ! cult ( ,joseph came to ! front4 ,( ! ,m>ian hymns ( ?is "t ! ,virg9is 9 gremio is ab\t ! be/1 & ! ,ave hi]>*ia comes next4 ,! ,ave ,m>?a gloriosa1 9 commemoration ( ,m>?a ( ,be?any1 is a f9e hymn 9 itself1 & int]e/+ z "o ( a gr\p ( hymns compos$ 9 ,s\!rn ,france 9 honor ( ?is p>ticul> sa9t4 ,a ,*ur* my? br+s h] to ,prov5ce to kill ! mon/] 77 f :i* ,t>ascon takes its "n1 & ! ,*ur* at ,arles /ill be>s a sculptur$ repres5tation ( ! victory4 ,h] real function 9 ,prov5ce 0 to take ! place ( ! ,m>tis or ,brito-,m>tis1 :o 0 ! *ief loyal deity1 & f :om ,m>seilles probably took its "n4 ,%e 0 ei!r ( ,cretan or ,pho5ician orig91 & correspond$ to ! ,greek ,artemis1 h] "n mean+ ,bless$ ,maid54 ,s h] my? 0 transf]r$ to ! ov]-busy woman ( ,judea ,p] te s]p5s e/ subv]sus1 :i* sav$ a great deal ( tr\ble4 ,a hymn to ! cr[n ( ?orns1 ,sacrae ,*ri/i celebremus1 is q 9 ! mann] ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor2 ! same m>vell\s +5uity ( allusion to remote ,scripture facts1 & ! same te*nical ma/]y ( fl[+ v]se4 ,! ,novum sidus exoritur is ! olde/ ,transfiguration hymn--t be+ n[ a ,*ur* fe/ival--& by no means ! wor/4 ,! sequ5ce on ! ,?ree ,holy ,k+s 7or ,magi71 :o br\ght (f]+s to ! infant ,savi\r1 :i* beg9s ,maje/ati sacrosanctae1 is ref]r$ by "s critics to ! next c5tury4 ,b z x occurs 9 ! li/ ( sequ5ces :i* ,joa*im ,br&]1 a monk ( ,/4 ,gall1 drew up 9 #aejg = ,abbot ,franz von ,gaisb]g ( t mona/]y1 x probably belongs to ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,br&] enum]ates ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-eight sequ5ces1 specify+ _! subjects & au?ors1 ! latt] n always successfully1 & closes ) t :i* ,franz von ,gaisb]g compos$ 9 honor ( ,notk] ,balbulus4 ,8 li/ w be f\nd 9 ,daniel's fif? volume4 ,( ?is1 9 commemoration ( ! ?ree k+s1 ^: relics are suppos$ to re/ 9 ! ca!dral at ,koeln 7,cologne71 he says t x is beautiful & "o ( ! be/4 ,mr4 ,duffield has left a translation ( "p3 8,a ?reefold gift ?ree k+s h br\ght ,to ,*ri/1 ,god-man1 :o once 0 wr\ght ,9 fle% & _s equally2 ,a ,god triune by gifts ador$-- ,?ree gifts :i* m>k "o p]fect ,"l1 ,^: ess5ce is triunity4 8,!y br+ him myrrh1 frank9c5se1 gold2 ,outweigh+ weal? ( k+s untold-- ,a type 9 :i* ! tru? is kn[n4 ,! gifts are ?ree1 ! emblems ?ree3 ,gold = ! k+1 inc5se to deity1 ,& myrrh1 by :i* 8 dea? is %[n40 ,( hymn-writ]s1 ! mo/ prolific is ,jean ,momboir1 g5]ally kn[n by 8 ,lat9 "n ,johannes ,mauburnus4 ,he 0 born 9 #adfj & di$ 9 #aejc1 & 0 a ,canon ,regul> 9 ! congregation f\nd$ by ! ,bre?r5 ( ! ,common ,life 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,he liv$ = a "t at ,m\nt ,/4 ,agnes1 :i* makes 8 emphatic te/imony z to ! au?or%ip ( ! ,de ,imitatione ( especial importance4 ,8 huge ascetic "w1 ! ,spiritual ,roseg>d5 7,rosetum spirituale7 made him fam\s1 & he 0 invit$ to ,france to re=m ! ,canons ,regul>1 accord+ to ! /rict obs]vance us$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,he 0 ?us1 l ,john ,/aupitz1 a repres5tative ( ! curr5t revival ( t age1 :i* t5d$ to great] au/]ity1 n to fai? & joy4 ,he sp5t ! la/ six ye>s ( 8 life 9 ?is labor1 dy+ at ,p>is 9 #aejc4 ,he 0 ! fri5d & correspond5t ( ,erasmus4 ,8 hymns g5]ally beg9 ) an ,o1 & seem to be writt5 on a sy/em l t ( ! s*ola/ic treatises4 ,inde$1 8 ,roseg>d51 bo? by its bulk & its me?od1 sugge/s a ,summa ( ,*ri/ian devotion4 ,f 8 poem1 ,eia mea anima1 giv51 !re has be5 extract$ ! pretty ,*ri/mas hymn1 ,heu quid jaces /abulo1 :i* has be5 translat$ sev]al times into ,engli% & ,g]man4 ,next to him comes ,casimir1 ,cr[n ,pr9ce ( ,pol&1 ^: ,omni die dic ,m>iae is a ,m>ian hymn 9 "o hundr$ & tw5ty six v]ses4 ,fa!r ,ragey1 h[ev]1 ass]ts 9 ,les ,annales de ,philosophie ,*reti5ne = ,may & ,june1 #ahhc1 t ,casimir is n ! au?or b ! admir] ( ^! v]ses1 t !y are an extract f a poem 9 elev5 hundr$ v]ses1 & t ,anselm ( ,cant]bury is ! probable au?or4 ,on ?is he bases an argum5t = ! reconciliation ( ,engl& to ! ,*ur*1 :i* is devot$ to ! cult ( our ,"l's "m4 ,! poem1 :osoev] wrote x1 is a f9e "o--too good1 ,prote/ants w ?9k1 = ! !me1 & too good to take its place among ! o!r v]ses ascrib$ to ,anselm ( ,cant]bury4 ,"h also !re is room to ask a close exam9ation ( ! manuscripts to :i* ,fa!r ,ragey appeals1 ) ref]5ce to _! dates4 ,! controv]sy ov] ! antiquity ( ! ,quicunque vult salvus esse & ! au?or%ip ( ! ,imitation sugge/ caution 9 tak+ ! ipse dixit ( diplomati/s4 ,to an unkn[n ,babo1 & to ,jacob1 s*oolma/] ( ,muldorf1 are attribut$ ,m>ian hymns ( no great value4 ,m important is ,dionysius ,ryckel 7#acid-adga71 a ,belgian ,c>?usian1 ! "* ( ^: multitud9\s writ+s is indicat$ by 8 title1 ,doctor ,ec/aticus4 ,he wrote a ,comm5t on ,c]ta9 ,anci5t ,hymns ( ! ,*ur* 7,en>ratio 9 ,hymnos aliquot vet]es ecclesia/icos71 :i* puts him next to ,radulph de ,rivo 7ob4 #adjc7 among ! e>lie/ ( ! hymnologi/s4 ,to ,dionysius is ascrib$ also ! long poem on ! ,judgm5t1 f :i* ,mone has giv5 an extract--,homo1 ,dei creatura1 etc4--by way ( comp>ison ) ! ,dies ,irae & ! ,cum revolvo toto corde4 ,x evid5tly has be5 influ5c$ by ! =m]1 b is devot$ to a picture ( et]nal torm5t4 ,to ,john ,huss we owe ! beautiful ,communion hymn1 ,jesus ,*ri/us1 no/] salus1 :i* %[s t 8 alleg$ h]esies did n t\* ! ,*ur* doctr9e on ?is po9t4 ,to ,pet] ( ,dresd51 s*oolma/] ( ,zwickau 9 #adbj1 & aft]w>d describ$ z a ,hussite or a ,wald5sian1 is ascrib$ ! 8,9 dulci jubilo ,nu s+et und seit fro10 :i* is ! type ( ! mix$ hymns ( ?is age4 ,x 0 8 purpose to secure ! introduction ( hymns 9 ! v]nacul> into ! ,*ur* s]vices1 z 8 fri5d ,jakob ( ,misa s\ght to d 9 ,bohemia4 ,9 mix$ hymns ( ?is k9d he seems to h tri$ to f9d ! %>p end ( ! w$ge4 ,"s ascribe to him ! ,pu] natus 9 ,be?lehem1 :i* also exi/s 9 ! mix$ =m4 ,bo? hymns long /ood 9 ! ,lu!ran hymn-books 9 ! mix$ =m1--= in/ance1 9 ! ,m>burg ,hymn-,book1 :i* 0 us$ by ! ,lu!rans ( ,colonial ,p5nsylvania4 ,! inv5tion ( pr9t+ f movable types1 ab\t #adeb1 by ,johann ,gut5b]g ( ,ma9z m>ks an era 9 ,lat9 hymnology1 because ( ! prompt use ( ! new me?od to multiply ! ,*ur* books 9 use 9 ! v>i\s dioceses4 ,9 e "p ( ,we/]n ,europe1 f ,ab]de51 ,lund1 & ,trondhjem1 on ! nor?1 to ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! missals1 brevi>ies1 & hymn>ies 7 giv5 to ! e>ly pr9t]s1 ) ! result ( br++ to light _m f9e hymns & sequ5ces ^: use _h be5 m]ely local4 ,! ,s>um ,brevi>y & ,missal & ^? ( ,rome & ,p>is 7 pr9t$ m frequ5tly ?an any o!r4 ,to ! ,s>um ,brevi>y we owe ! f9e ,transfiguration hymns--,coele/is =mam gloriae & ,o nata lux de lum9e & ,o sator r]um rep>ator aevi1 :i* ,anglican translators h made into ,engli% hymns2 to ! ,missal ! f9e sequ5ce on ! cr[n ( ?orns1 ,si vis v]e glori>i1 ( :i* ,dr4 ,:ewell publi%$ a translation 9 ,fraz]'s ,magaz9e = ,may1 #ahdi4 ,to ! ,york ,processional 7#aecj7 we owe ! f\r 8proses0 :i* beg9 ,salve fe/a dies1 toto v5]abilis aevo1 :i* sugge/ to ,daniel t 89 ,engl& also !re 0 no lack ( ^? :o celebrat$ ! div9e maje/y 9 v sweet hymns40 ,to ! ,brevi>y & ,missal ( ,trondhjem 7,dron!im1 anci5tly ,nid>os7 we owe "s ( ! f9e/ hymns & sequ5ces recov]$ at ?is "t4 ,( ^! ! ,jubilemus cordis voce is ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & p]haps ! mo/ beautiful--full ( local color & *>act]i/ic love ( nature4 ,mr4 ,morgan has translat$ x2 b ! d$ication hymn1 ,sacrae ,sion adsunt enca5ia1 has f\nd m favor ) ,anglican translators1 & comm5ds itself by scriptural simplicity4 ,( c\rse ?is brevi>y has f9e hymns to ,/4 ,olaf1 ! k+ :o did s mu* to make ,norway a ,*ri/ian c\ntry1 al?\gh h>dly s mu* z 8 neglect$ pr$ecessor1 ,olaf ,tryggveson4 ,simil>ly ! ,sw$i% missals honor ,k+ ,eric & ,/4 ,birgitta4 ,! ,g]man ,*ur* books yield less t is novel probably because ! e>li] ,g]man s\rces h be5 s mu* m ?or\ghly explor$4 ,! brevi>ies ( ,lubec1 ( ,ma9z1 ( ,koeln1 & ( ,meiss5 furni% mo/1 b *iefly 9 praises ( ! ,"m ( our ,"l & ! sa9ts4 ,! ,gloriosi ,salvatoris nom9is praeconia ( ,meiss5 is an exception1 & has f\nd _m admir]s & sev]al translators4 ,f ,ma9z comes ! f9e hymn 9 honor ( ! apo/les1 ,qui sunt i/i1 qui volant1 & t = ! m>tyrs1 ,o beata beatorum1 & ! ,passion hymn1 ,laus sit ,regi gloriae1 ,cujus rore gratiae4 ,x is diff]5t ) ! ,fr5* ,*ur* books & ^? ( ,walloon ,belgium4 ,f ! ,breton see ( ,r5nes1 & ^? ( ,ang]s1 ,le ,mans1 & ,poiti]s 9 ! adjac5t prov9ces ( ,nor?we/]n ,france come "s ( ! be/ hymns ( ?is class4 ,f ,r5nes comes ! pretty & fanciful sequ5ce on ! ,savi\r's cr[n ( ?orns1 ,florem sp9a coronavit2 f ,ang]s ! ,*ri/mas hymn1 ,son5t ,regi nato nova cantica1 :i* %[s h[ f> ! ,fr5* lag beh9d ! ,g]mans ( ! same age 9 h&l+ ?is !me2 also ! ,adv5t sequ5ce1 ,jubilemus omnes una1 :i* sugge/s ,francis's 8,song ( ! ,creatures10 b lacks its t5d]ness4 ,f ,le ,mans ! ,die p>5te temporum1 :i* ,sir ,h5ry ,bak] has made ,engli% 9 8,on ?is day1 ! fir/ ( days40 ,f ,poiti]s ! f9e ,adv5t sequ5ce1 ,prope e/ cl>itud9is magnae dies1 translat$ by ,mr4 ,hewett4 ,f ,noyon1 9 ,nor!a/]n ,france1 ! two ,*ri/mas hymns1 ,lux e/ orta g5tibus & ,laet>e1 pu]p]a1 ^: beauty is defac$ by mak+ ! ,"m & n ! div9e ,*ild ! c5tral figure4 ,f ! ,missal ( ,belgian ,t\rnay we h ! ,ea/] sequ5ce1 ,surgit ,*ri/us cum tropaeo1 & ! transfiguration sequ5ce1 ,de ,p>5te summo natum1 :i* h f\nd & des]v$ translators4 ,f t ( ,liege sev]al sequ5ces1 ( :i* ! be/ is t = ,all ,sa9ts ,day1 ,resultet tellus et alta coelorum ma*9a4 ,9 ! ,s\? x is ! brevi>ies ( ,braga1 9 ,portugal1 & ,piac5za1 9 ,italy1 :i* h furni%$ mo/ new hymns4 ,f ! brevi>ies ( ! great mona/ic ord]s come _m hymns1 ^? ( ! ,franciscans furni%+ ! great] numb]4 ,t ( ! ,ci/]cians furni%es ! ,dom9e ,jesu1 nov]im me1 nov]im ,te1 "o ( ! _m hymns sugge/$ by passages 9 ! writ+s ( ,augu/9e ( ,hippo4 ,?is notice ( ! e>ly pr9t$ ,*ur* books1 :i* ,daniel1 ,neale1 ,morell1 & ,kehre9 h br\ght "u requisition1 c>ries u ov] into ! c5tury ( ! ,re=mation1 :i* also is t 9 :i* ! ,r5aissance began to affect ! matt] & mann] ( hymn-writ+4 ,already 9 ! fifte5? c5tury we h hymns ( ! humani/ type by ,a5eas ,sylvius 7,pope ,pius ,,ii472 by ,adam ,w]nh] ( ,!m>1 a fri5d ( ,johann ,tri!mius1 a juri/ by pr(ession1 & ! in/ructor ( ,philip ( ,hesse 9 ! humanities2 & by ,seba/ian ,br&t1 ! celebrat$ au?or ( ! 8,%ip ( ,fools40 ,all ^! give c>eful att5tion to classic ,roman models 9 ! matt] ( bo? prosody & vocabul>y4 ,if we 7 to put ,br&t's ,sidus ex cl>o v5i5s ,olympo alongside ! ,pu] natus 9 ,be?lehem1 we %\ld see h[ little ( ! life & =ce ( simplicity & reality !re 0 9 ! new poetry4 ,! sixte5? c5tury beg9s ) ! hymns ( ! humani/ ,alex&] ,hegius1 a pupil ( ! s*ool at ,dev5t] & a protg ( ! ,bre?r5 ( ! ,common ,life1 :o may h kn[n ,?omas ,kempis1 z he 0 born 9 #adcc1 or at late/ 9 #adde4 ,he di$ 9 #adih1 b 8 hymns appe>$ 9 #aeja & #aejc4 ,he 0 ! fri5d ( ,rudolph ,agricola & ( ,erasmus1 & introduc$ ! new le>n+1 especially ,greek1 into ,holl&4 ,8 hymns are pagan 9 _! vocabul>y1 al?\gh 9 accord ) ! or?odoxy ( ! "t4 ,two l9es ( 81 8,qui te #8,matrem' vocat1 orbis ,regem vocat ille p>5tem10 might h sugge/$ two ( ,keble's1 :i* h giv5 no small (f5ce1 8,h5ce=?1 :om ?\s& worlds adore1 ,he calls !e #8,"m' ev]more40 ,to ,za*>ias ,f]r>i ample ref]5ce has be5 made 9 ! *apt] on ! ,brevi>ies4 ,specim5s ( 8 "w may be f\nd 9 ,wack]nagel's fir/ volume1 z also ( ! hymns ( ,erasmus 7#adfg-aecf71 ( ,jakob ,montanus 7#adhe-aehh71 ( ,helius ,eobanus ,hessus 7#adhh-aedj71 & ,m>c-,antonius ,muretus4 ,to ^! ,roman ,ca?olic humani/s--,eobanus ,hessus aft]w>d became a ,lu!ran--might h be5 add$ ,j4 ,ludovicus ,vives 7#adib-aedj71 ,m>c-,antonio ,flam9io 7#adih-aeej71 & ,mat?ias ,coll9us 7ob4 #aeff74 ,wack]nagel does add ,jo/e ,cli*tove 7ob4 #aedc71 & ,jakob ,mey] 7#adia-aeeb71 :o did n attempt orig9al hymns1 b reca/ 9 classic =ms ^? already 9 use4 ,cli*tove 0 a ,flem+1 & "o ( ! e>lie/ collectors4 ,! s]ies ( ,prote/ant hymn-writ]s jo9s h>d on to t ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic humani/s4 ,9 ! ma9 !y belong to ! same s*ool4 ,_! hymns are n1 l ! ,prote/ant ,g]man hymns1 ! spontane\s & inevitable outp\r+ ( simple & natural emotion--a quality :i* puts ,lu!r & ,johann ,h]rmann beside ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux & ,?omas ( ,celano4 ,!y are ! s*ola/ic ex]cises ( m5 s++ ! praise ( ,god 9 a tongue =eign to _! ?\ght4 ,ev5 ! be/ ( !m1 ,george ,fabricius ( ,*emnitz1 ^: edition ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian poets has laid u "u p]man5t obligations1 al?\gh ! mo/ c>eful to avoid paganisms 9 8 hymns1 & ! mo/ influ5c$ by ! e>li] ,lat9 hymns1 nev] impresses u ) ! fre$om & spontaneity ( 8 v]se4 ,! s]ies runs3 ,urbanus ,rhegius 7ob4 #aeda71 ,philip ,melan*?on 7#adig-aegb71 ,wolfgang ,musculus 7#adig-aefc71 ,joa*im ,cam]>ius 7#aejj-gd71 ,paul ,eb] 7#aeaa-fi71 ,bi%op ,john ,p>khur/ ( ,norwi* 7#aeaa-gd71 ,johann ,/igel 7#aeae-ga71 ,george ,fabricius 7#aeaf-ga71 ,george ,klee1 or ,?ymus 7fl4 #aedh-ej71 ,ni*olas ,selnecc] 7#aecj-ib71 ,ludwig ,helmbold 7#aecb-ih71 ,wolfgang ,ammonius 7#aegi71 & ,!odore ,zw+] 7#aecc-hh74 ,reca/s ( old hymns bo? z to lit]>y =m & !ological cont5t we h f ,h]mann ,bonn 7#aejd-dh71 ,urbanus ,rhegius1 ,george ,klee1 & ,&reas ,ell+] 7#aebf-hb74 ,! la/-nam$ 0 a ,g]man physician :o graduat$ at ,wittemb]g 9 #aedi4 ,8 ,hymnorum ,ecclesia/icorum ,libri ,tres 7#aegh7 is describ$ by ,daniel z ! mo/ copi\s collection he has se51 b wor?less z an au?ority 9 its fir/ & second books1 z ! hymns 9 ^! are alt]$ = metrical reasons4 ,h]mann ,bonn 0 a ,we/phalian1 :o became ! fir/ ,lu!ran ,sup]9t5d5t 9 ,lubeck1 & introduc$ ! ,re=mation into ,osnabruck4 ,he publi%$ ! fir/ hymn-book 9 ,platt-,deuts* 9 #aedg4 ,to a lat] g5]ation belongs ,wilhelm ,al>d 7#aegb-afde71 ! son ( a ,flemi% ,lu!ran1 :o fl$ to ,g]many f ! ,inquisition4 ,wilhelm /udi$ at ,wittemb]g1 & became pa/or at ,crempe 9 ,hol/e91 & publi%$ two or p]haps ?ree small volumes ( orig9al ,lat9 hymns4 ,dr4 ,tr5* has extract$ f "o ( ^! two hymns4 ,( t to 8 ,gu>dian ,angel1 ,*ancellor ,b5$ict1 ,dr4 ,wa%burn1 & ,mr4 ,duffield h made translations4 ,?is is ,mr4 ,duffield's3 ,,cum ,,me ,,t55t ,,fallacia4 ,:5 speci\s joys ( e>? are m9e1 ,:5 bright ?is pass+ _w do? %9e1 ,!n 9 8 wat*ful heav5ly place ,my angel weeps & veils 8 face4 ,b :5 ) te>s my eyes o'errun ,deplor+ s9 t ,i h done1 ,!n do? ,god's angel1 set to keep ,my s\l1 rejoic+1 cease to weep4 ,f> h5ce be gone1 ye fad+ joys1 ,:i* spr+ f e>?'s too brittle toys6 ,come hi!r1 te>s6 = ,i w\ld %[ ,t p5it5ce by :i* ye fl[4 ,i w\ld n be 9 evil glad1 ,le/ he1 my angel1 %\ld be sad2 ,rise !n1 my true1 rep5tant voice1 ,t angels ev5 may rejoice4 ,ano!r on ! ,eu*>i/ ,mr4 ,duffield alone has translat$3 ,,sit ,,ignis ,,atque ,,lux ,,mihi4 ,:5 ,i behold ?y sacr$ blood1 ,?y body brok5 = my good2 ,o bless$ ,jesus1 may !y be ,z flame & z a light to me4 ,s may ?is flame consume away ,! s9s :i* 9 my bosom /ay1 ,de/roy+ fully f my sight ,all vanity ( wrong delight4 ,s may ?is light :i* %9es f !e ,break ?r\gh my d>kness utt]ly1 ,t ,i may seek ) f]v5t pray]1 ,?9e own de> guidance ev]y:]e4 ,a v diff]5t gr\p are ! hymn-writ]s ( ! ,jesuit ,ord]1 to :om we owe _m hymns :i* h be5 ascrib$ to m$iaeval au?ors1 al?\gh !y h m>k$ *>act]i/ics :i* betray _! au?or%ip4 ,?us ! ,eia ,phoebe1 nunc s]5a has be5 ascrib$ to ,innoc5t ,,iii41 ! ,o esca viatorum to ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ! ,o g5s beata coelitum to ,augu/9e1 ! ,pone luctum1 ,magdal5a to ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor2 :ile ! lat] ,middle ,ages h be5 cr$it$ ) ! ,angelice patrone1 ! ,ecquis b9as columb9as1 ! ,jesu meae deliciae1 & ! ,plaudite coeli4 ,! ,london ,spectator ascribes a v e>ly orig9 to ! ,dormi1 fili1 dormi4 ,all ^! are ,jesuit hymns1 collect$ by ,walraff 7#ahjf7 out ( ! ,psalt]iolum ,cantionum ,ca?olic>um a ,patribus ,societatis ,jesu4 ,! title ( t collection 7,psalt]iolum7 is sugge/ive ( ! cont5ts4 ,z ! critics ( ! ,society long ago rem>k$1 !re is a m>k ( pett9ess on ! lit]ature1 ! art1 ! ar*itecture1 & ! !ology ( ! ,jesuits4 ,9 bo? prose & poetry !y t5d to run into dim9utives4 ,no hymn ( !irs has h&l$ any ( ! greate/ !mes ( ,*ri/ian praise 9 a wor?y _s4 ,! *>ge made aga9/ !m by ! ,dom9icans t 9 _! labors to conv]t ! ,*9ese & o!r pagans !y conceal$ ! cross & passion ( our ,"l1 & pres5t$ ,him z an infant 9 ,8 "m's arms1 :e!r lit]ally true or n1 is n out ( h>mony ) _! g5]al tone4 ,*ri/ 9 ! cradle or on ! lap ( ,8 "m is ! fit !me ( _! praises4 ,9 _! h&s religion loses its sev]ity & ,god ,8 awfulness4 ,to w9 ! _w !y /oop$ to ! _w's level1 & weak5$ ! moral =ce ( ! div9e law by cunn+ explanations1 until1 ?r\gh ,arnauld & 8 fell[-,jans5i/s1 8,*ri/ianity appe>$ aga9 au/]e & grave2 & ! _w saw aga9 ) awe ! pale face ( its crucifi$ ,savi\r40 ,"s ( ! ,jesuit hymns are v good ( _! k9d4 ,! ,dormi1 fili1 dormi anticipates ! !me ( ,mrs4 ,br[n+'s 8,! ,virg9 ,m>y to ! ,*ild ,jesus10 & ( ,dr4 ,george ,macdonald's 8,babe ,jesus ,lay on ,m>y's ,lap40 ,x is beautiful 9 its way1 b betrays its ,jesuit orig9 by its dim9utives4 ,! ,ecquis b9as columb9as is a v graceful poem1 & ! be/ passion hymn ( ! s*ool1 b is bel[ ! subject4 ,! ,t&em audite me is a hymn bas$ on ! false int]pretation ( ,solomon's ,song1 b is v pretty4 ,! ,pone luctum1 ,magdal5a is p]haps ! greate/ ( all ,jesuit hymns1 & has f\nd n9e ,prote/ant translators to d x into ,engli%4 ,x is r a f9e poem ?an a f9e hymn4 ,! ,p>5dum e/1 c$5dum e/ is a dea?-b$ hymn ^: l5g? & ornat5ess rob x ( a s5se ( reality4 ,( ! ,altitudo1 quid hic jaces & ! ,plaudite ,coeli ,mr4 ,duffield has left v]sions :i* w enable our read]s to judge ( _! wor? = !mselves3 ,,altitudo1 ,,quid ,,hic ,,jaces8 ,maje/y1 :y lie/ ?\ ,9 s l[ a mang]8 ,?\ t k9dle/ heav5ly fires ,"h a *illy /rang]6 ,o :at wond]s ?\ art do+1 ,jesus1 unto m52 ,by ?y love to u r5ew+ ,p>adise aga96 ,/r5g? is made ( no acc\nt2 ,space is "h contract$2 ,he t frees 9 bonds is b\nd2 ,"t's new bir? enact$4 ,yes1 ?y little lips may t\* ,m>y's spotless bosom2 ,yes1 ?y bright eyes weep = m5 ,:ile heav5's joy %all blossom4 ,,plaudite ,,coeli6 ,lo6 heav5 rejoices1 ,! air is all bright1 ,& ! e>? gives h] voices ,f dep? & f height4 ,= ! d>kness is brok51 ,black /orm has pass$ by1 ,& 9 peace = a tok5 ,! palm waves on high4 ,spr+ breezes are bl[+1 ,spr+ fl[]s are at h&1 ,spr+ grasses are gr[+ ,abroad 9 ! l&4 ,& violets bright5 ,! roses 9 bloom1 ,& m>igolds height5 ,! lilies' p]fume4 ,rise !n1 ,o my praises1 ,fre% life 9 y\r ve9s1 ,z ! viol upraises ,! gladde/ ( /ra9s4 ,= once m he sees u ,alive1 z he said2 ,our holy ,"l ,jesus ,escap$ f ! dead4 ,!n ?und] ye m\nta9s1 ,ye valleys res\nd1 ,leap =?1 ,o ye f\nta9s1 ,ye hills e*o r\nd4 ,= he alone frees u1 ,he does z he said1 ,our holy ,"l ,jesus ,alive f ! dead4 ,! lat] additions to ! /ock ( ,lat9 hymns are important only to ! /ud5t ( ,roman ,ca?olic liturgies1 z connect$ ) ! new devotions sanction$ f "t to "t by ! ,congregation ( ,sacr$ ,rites4 ,?us ! devotion to ! ,sacr$ ,he>t l$ to ! writ+ ( ! hymn ,quicunque c]tum qua]itis1 :i* ! ,roman ,brevi>y has copi$ f ! ,franciscan1 & ^: translation by ,mr4 ,caswall has f\nd its way ev5 into ,prote/ant hymn-books4 ,& ! cr[n+ sanction ( ! extravagant rev]5ce = our ,"l's "m1 ! decl>ation t %e 0 conceiv$ )\t s91 & ! in/itution ( ! fea/ ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 caus$ ,ar*bi%op ,john von ,geissel ( ,koeln to write1 9 #ahee1 a new sequ5ce = ! ,missal s]vice1 ,virgo virg9um praecl>a4 ,la/ 9 ! s]ies ( ! ,lat9 hymn-writ]s /&s ! pres5t pope1 ,leo ,,xiii41 :o is ! ?ird pope 9 ! long s]ies to :om any hymn c be ascrib$ ) any degree ( c]ta9ty1 ! o!r two be+ ,damasus & ,urban ,,viii4 ,9 8 ,lat9 poems1 publi%$ 9 #ahha1 !re are ?ree hymns 9 honor ( two bi%ops ( ,p]ugia :o suff]$ m>tyrdom 9 ! e>ly age ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y are n rem>kable = poetical inspiration1 al?\gh !y %[ t 8 ,jesuit ma/]s imbu$ him ) ! rules ( classic v]se & expression4 ,all 8 poems h be5 repr9t$ 9 ?is c\ntry 7,baltimore1 #ahhf71 ) an ,engli% v]sion by ! ,jesuits ( ,wood/ock ,college4 ,9 any o!r field ( ,*ri/ian hymnology we %\ld close our acc\nt ( ! pa/ by ! expression ( confid5ce 9 ! f]tility ( ! future4 ,b z reg>ds ,lat9 hymnology1 we feel t ! p]iod ( greate/ value has pass$ by1 & ! record is seal$4 ,:ile x is true t 8,g5]ations yet unborn ,%all bless & magnify ! ,"l10 z ,r\se s+s1 we feel t x w n be 9 ! m$ium ( a dead language1 b 9 ! tongues 8und]/&$ ( ! p40 ,! attempt to ma9ta9 ,lat9 z ! language--z ! exclusive spee* ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip 9 ,we/]n ,europe1 is "o ( ^? p>ts ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic sy/em :i* are already condemn$ by results4 ,! comp>ative b>r5ness ( ,lat9 hymnology = ! pa/ hundr$ ye>s is evid5ce en\gh t ?is is n ! *annel 9 :i* ,*ri/ian inspiration n[ fl[s2 & ! att5tion paid ev5 by ,roman ,ca?olic poets to hymn-writ+ 9 ! national languages is fre% evid5ce ( ! read9ess ( t communion to adapt itself to new conditions z soon z ?is is se5 to be inevitable4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,lat9 ,,hymnology ,,& ,,prote/antism4 ,x has be5 ask$ by bo? ,roman ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants--& n unfairly--:e!r ! int]e/ %[n = ! la/ half c5tury by ,prote/ant writ]s 9 ! hymns ( ,lat9 ,*ri/5dom1 is a legitimate "o4 ,x is said by ! =m]3 8,y are poa*+ on our pres]ves4 ,all ?is y admire s mu* is :at y\r fa!rs turn$ _! backs ^u :5 !y r5\nc$ ! ,roman ob$i5ce4 ,y _c ) any consi/5cy attempt to naturalize 9 y\r *ur*es & _! s]vices1 hymns :i* h be5 writt5 = a wor%ip :i* diff]s 9 idea & pr9ciple1 n 9 details m]ely1 f y\r own4 ,at be/ y c pick out a little "h & a little !re1 :i* seems to suit y4 ,b ev5 !n y are 9 dang] ( adopt+ :at tea*es doctr9e :i* y\r ,prote/ant confessions & _! expositors d5\nce z idolatry1 z :5 ! compil]s ( ! hymnal 9 use by ,am]ican ,presbyt]ians adopt$ ,mr4 ,caswall's ,engli% v]sion ( ,quicunque c]tum qua]itis1 ignor+ its express ref]5ce to ! devotion to ! ,sacr$ ,he>t4 ,?is is a gross in/ance ( :at y are do+ all ! "t4 ,if x lead y back to ! bosom ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* we %all be glad ( x4 ,b x grates on ,ca?olic n]ves to see y employ+ ! phrase :i* we reg>d z a s]i\s /atem5t ( doctr9al tru?1 z ?\gh x 7 a m]e purple pat* ( rhetoric40 ,?is leads u to ask :at ! ,re=mation 0 9 ! idea ( ! ,re=m]s !mselves4 ,!y nev] took ! gr\nd t ! religi\s life ( ,prote/ant nations & *ur*es 0 out ( all relation to ! life ( ! nations & *ur*es ( ,we/]n ,europe1 z ^! 7 be=e ,lu!r began 8 "w4 ,) all _! reg>d = ! ,scriptures1 !y nev] assum$ t out ( ^! c\ld be creat$ a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ^u gr\nd previ\sly held by ,anti*ri/ & him alone4 ,lu!r decl>$ t ! elem5ts ( ! ,*ur* = ^: upbuild+ he 0 labor+ 7 j ^? 9 :i* he _h be5 educat$4 ,z he express$ x1 ^! 7 f\nd 9 ! ,cate*ism taught to e *ild 9 ,g]many1 & :i* embrac$ ! cre$1 ! comm&m5ts1 ! sacram5ts1 & ! ,our ,fa!r4 ,:at he _h le>n$ f /udy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 to give ^! elem5ts _! due prom95ce1 & to dis5gage !m f ! additions & corruptions by :i* !y _h be5 obscur$4 ,x 0 n a de/ructive revolution1 b a *ange ( doctr9al p]spective = :i* he 0 cont5d+4 ,he nev] lo/ 8 reli% = ! good ?+s he _h le>n$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( 8 *ildhood4 ,:ile he r5d]$ ! s]vice into ! ,g]man spee* ( ! p1 he foll[$ 9 ! ma9 ! old ord] ( ! s]vice 9 8 ,deuts*e ,messe4 ,he also r5d]$ into ,g]man sixte5 old hymns1 twelve f ! ,lat91 f ,ambrose d[n to ,huss1 & f\r f ! old ,g]man ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,9 8 ,h\se-,po/il he speaks ) great en?usiasm ( ! hymns & sequ5ces he _h le>n$ to s+ 9 *ur* z a boy2 & 9 8 ,table ,talk1 :ile he c5sures ,ambrose z a wordy poet1 he praises ! ,patris ,sapi5tia1 b above all ! ,passion hymn ( ,pope ,gregory ! ,great1 ,rex ,*ri/e factor omnium1 z ! be/ ( hymns1 :e!r ,lat9 or ,g]man4 ,melan*?on's g5tl] _s m ?an %>$ 9 ,lu!r's rev]5ce = ! good 9 ! m$iaeval ,*ur*4 ,! anti!sis to ,melan*?on1 ! repres5tative ( ! extreme p>ty among ,prote/ants1 is ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illyricus1 a man ( ,slavic /ock & uncompromis+ temp]4 ,yet he also se>*$ ! pa/ = witnesses to ! tru? :i* ,lu!r _h proclaim$4 ,he appeals to a hymn 9 ! ,brevi>y ( ! ,premon/rat5sian ,ord]1 z old1 he ?9ks1 z ! twelf? c5tury1 :i* te/ifies aga9/ sa9t wor%ip3 ,adjuv5t nos eorum m]ita1 ,quos propria imp$iunt scel]a8 ,excuset eorum int]cessio1 ,quos propria accusat actio8 ,at tu1 qui eis tribui/i ,coele/is palmam triumphi1 ,nobis v5iam non d5eges peccati4 ,9 ! same _s he & 8 associates edit$ ! fir/ great ,prote/ant "w on ,*ur* hi/ory--! ,magdeburg ,c5turies 7#aeei-gd1 9 ?irte5 folio volumes74 ,! fir/ ,prote/ants _h no m idea ( surr5d]+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* to ! *ampions ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ?an ( giv+ up to !m ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y held t d[n ?r\gh all ! ages ran a d\ble curr5t ( pure ,*ri/ianity & s*ola/ic p]v]sion ( t1 & t ! ,re=mation succe$s to ! =m] z ! ,trid5t9e ,*ur* to ! latt]4 ,?is especially z reg>ds ! great c5tral po9t 9 controv]sy1 ! "p ( grace & ( m]it 9 ! ju/ification ( ! s9n]4 ,& !y f\nd ! pro( ( ?is cont9uity especially 9 ! devotions ( ! e>ly ,*ur*4 ,!y f\nd !mselves 9 t great pray] ( ! ,franciscan monk1 :i* ! ,roman ,missal puts into ! m\? ( h] holie/ memb]s z !y ga!r ar\nd ! bi] ( ! dead3 ,quid sum mis] tunc dicturus1 ,quem patronum rogaturus1 ,quum vix ju/us sit securus8 ,rex trem5dae maje/atis1 ,qui salv&os salvas gratis1 ,salve me1 fons pietatis6 8,:5ev] 9 ! ,middle ,ages10 says ,albre*t ,rits*l1 8devotion1 s f> z x has f\nd articulate expression1 rises to ! level ( ! ?\ght t ! value ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 ev5 :]e x is fruitful ( good works1 is gr\nd$ n ^u ^! z human m]its1 b ^u ! m]cy ( ,god 444 !n ! same l9e ( ?\ght is ent]$ ^u z t 9 :i* ! religi\s consci\sness common to ,lu!r & ,zw+li 0 able to break ?r\gh ! connection :i* _h subsi/$ betwe5 ,ca?olic doctr9e & ! ,*ur* in/itutions = ! application ( salvation4444 ,:5ev] ev5 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome places h]self 9 ! attitude ( pray]1 x is inevitable t 9 ! expression ( h] religi\s disc]nm5t1 9 ?anksgiv+ & petition1 all ! b5efits ( salvation %\ld be ref]r$ to ,god or to ,*ri/2 ! daily ne$ = new grace1 accord+ly1 is n express$ 9 ! =m ( a claim bas$ ^u m]its1 b 9 ! =m ( reliance ^u ,god40#bf ,t ! ,lat9 hymns ( ^? e>li] c5turies %[ a /eadily increas+ am\nt ( unscriptural devotion to ! "m ( our ,"l & to ,8 sa9ts1 & ( ! mat]ializ+ view ( our ,"l's pres5ce ) ,8 ,*ur* 9 ! ,communion1 is und5iable4 ,b ev5 9 ^! matt]s ! hymns ( ! primitive & m$iaeval ,*ur* are a witness t ^! & ! l misbeliefs & mispractices are a lat] gr[? ^u primitive fai? & usage4 ,! fir/ g5]ation ( ,prote/ants1 to :i* ,lu!r1 ,melan*?on1 & ,zw+li belong1 _h be5 br\ght up on ! hymns ( ! ,brevi>y & ( ! ,missal1 & !y did n ab&on _! love = ^! :5 !y ceas$ to reg>d ! ,lat9 tongue z ! only fit spee* = public wor%ip4 ,!y %[$ _! reli% = ! old hymns1 by publi%+ collections ( !m1 by translat+ !m into ! national languages1 by writ+ ,lat9 hymns 9 imitation ( !m1 & ev5 by cont9u+ _! use 9 public wor%ip to a limit$ ext5t4 ,z collectors & editors ( ! old ,lat9 hymns1 ! ,prote/ants ( ! sixte5? c5tury surpass$ ! ,roman ,ca?olics ( t age4 ,ov] aga9/ ! names ( ,h]mann ,torr5t9us 7#aeac & #aecf71 ,jacob ,wimphel+ 7#aeai71 ,jo/e ,cli*tove 7#aeae-ai71 ,jacob van ,mey] 7#aece71 ,lor5zo ,massorillo 7#aedg71 & ,george ,cass&] 7#aeef71 ! ,roman ,ca?olic hymnologi/s ( ! half c5tury :i* foll[$ ! ,re=mation1 we may place ! anonym\s collector ( ,basel 7#aech71 ,johann ,spang5b]g 7#aede71 ,lucas ,lossius 7#aeeb et seq41 ) ,preface by ,melan*?on71 ,paul ,eb] 7#aefd71 ,george ,fabricius 7#aefd71 ,*ri/oph] ,corn] 7#aefh71 ,h]mann ,bonn 7#aefi71 ,george ,major 7#aegj71 ,&reas ,ell+] 7#aegc71 ,adam ,sib] 7#aegg71 ,mat!w ,luidke 7#aehi71 & ,francis ,alg]man 7#aeif74 ,all ^!1 ) ! possible exception ( ! fir/1 7 ,lu!rans1 tra9$ 9 ! humani/ic s*ool ( ,lat9 criticism & poetry2 b only two ( !m f\nd x ne$ful or desirable to alt] ! hymns into con=mity ) ! ta/es ( ! age4 ,! collections ( ,h]mann ,bonn1 ! fir/ ,lu!ran sup]9t5d5t ( ,lubeck1 & t ( ,george ,fabricius1 are especially important1 z fai?fully reproduc+ mu* t else might h be5 lo/ to u4 ,! "w ( translat+ ! old ,lat9 hymns fell especially to ! ,lu!rans4 ,roman ,ca?olic pref]5ce 0 no /rong] = ! orig9al ,lat9 ?an t ( ! ,re=m$ = ! ,psalms4 ,( ! great ,g]man hymn-writ]s f ,lu!r to ,paul ,g]h>dt1 ne>ly all made translations f ! /oreh\se ( ,lat9 hymnody1 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux be+ ! especial favorite ) ,johann ,he]mann1 ,john ,arndt1 & ,paul ,g]h>dt4 ,& ev5 9 hymns :i* are n translations1 ! influ5ce ( ! ,lat9 hymns is se5 9 ! epic tone1 ! heal?y objectivity ( ! ,g]man hymns ( ?is age1 9 contra/ to ! frequ5tly morbid subjectivity ( ^? :i* belong to ! age ( ,pietism4 ,m int]e/+ to u are ! e>ly translations into ,engli%4 ,! fir/ are to be f\nd 9 ! ,prim] ( #aede1 a book ( private devotions aft] ! model ( ! ,brevi>y1 publi%$ 9 ,h5ry ,,viii4's "t bo? 9 ,engli% 9 #aede & aga9 9 ,lat9 7,or>ium7 9 #aedf4 ,9 ! next reign a sub/itute = ?is 9 ,engli% alone 0 prep>$ by ! m ,prote/ant au?orities ( ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 9 :i*1 besides sundry doctr9al *anges1 ! hymns 7 omitt$4 ,b ! scale incl9$ some:at ! o!r way aft] ,elizabe?'s accession4 ,! ,engli% ,prim] ( #aeei & ! ,lat9 ,or>ium ( #aefj are revis$ editions ( h] fa!r's1 n ( h] bro!r's publications4 ,! p>ts devot$ to ! wor%ip ( ,m>y are omitt$1 b ! pray]s = ! dead & ! hymns are reta9$4 ,^! old v]sions are clumsy en\gh1 b n )\t int]e/ z ! fir/ ( _! k9d4 ,"h is "o ) ! orig9al text f ! ,or>ium1 diff]+ f any o!r au?ority kn[n to u3 ,r]um ,creator omnium1 ,te poscimus hoc vesp]i ,def5de nos p] gratiam ,ab ho/is no/ri fraudibus4 ,nullo ludamur1 ,dom9e1 ,vel somnio vel phasmate3 ,9 ,te cor no/rum vigilet1 ,nec dormiat 9 crim9e4 ,summe ,pat]1 p] ,filium ,l>gire quod ,te poscimus3 ,cui p] sanctum ,spiritum ,aet]na detur gloria4 ,am54 ,o ,"l1 ! ,mak] ( all ?+1 ,we pray !e n[ 9 ?is ev5+ ,u to def5d1 ?r\gh ?y m]cy1 ,f all deceit ( our enemy4 ,let u nei!r delud$ be1 ,good ,"l1 ) dream nor phantasy4 ,our he>t wak+ 9 !e ?\ keep1 ,t we 9 s9 fall n on sleep4 ,o ,fa!r1 ?r\gh ?y bless$ ,son1 ,grant u ?is our petition2 ,to :om1 ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 always ,9 heav5 & e>? be laud & praise4 ,am54 ,x is n wond]ful t :5 ! ,anglo-,ca?olics s\ght to revive ! ,prim] z 8! au?oriz$ book ( ,family & ,private ,pray]0 on ! same foot+ z ! ,pray] book1 !y took ! lib]ty ( sub/itut+ mod]n v]sions ( ! hymns = ^! 8au?oriz$0 translations4#bg ,b ! ,prim]1 :atev] its au?ority1 nev] possess$ t mu* m important requisite to success--vitality4 ,a v few editions suffic$ = ! dem&1 & ,bi%op ,cos9's attempt to revive x 9 ,*>les ,i4's "t only provok$ a ,puritan outcry aga9/ bo? him & x4 ,rev4 ,g]>d ,m\ltrie has attempt$ to revive x 9 our own "t1 z 8! only book ( private devotion :i* has receiv$ ! sanction ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*10 & has n a*iev$ ev5 ?us mu* ( success4 ,no ,prynne has assail$ him4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 besides su* 8canticles0 z ! ,gloria 9 ,excelsis & ! ,te ,deum1 !re is b "o hymn1 an ,engli% v]sion ( ! ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus 9 ! ,ord9ation ,s]vice4 ,x is ! wordie/ ( all kn[n v]sions1 r5d]+ "o hundr$ & five ,lat9 by ?ree hundr$ & fifty-sev5 ,engli% words1 b is n )\t its old-fa%ion$ felicities4 ,! revis]s ( #affa cut x d[n by omitt+ j half ( x1 & mod]niz$ ! ,engli% 9 a numb] ( places4 ,its v v]bosity seems to h sugge/$ ,bi%op ,cos9's t]se v]sion1 conta9+ b f\r m words ?an ! orig9al1 :i*1 h[ev]1 x some:at abridges4 ,?is 0 ins]t$ 9 #affa z an alt]nate v]sion4 ,! au?or ( ! p>aphrase 9 ! ,pray]-,book is unkn[n4 ,x is n ,bi%op ,cov]dale1 z 81 al?\gh translat$ at second-h& f ,lu!r1 z1 inde$1 all 8 hymns are f "s ,g]man s\rce1 is f> clos] & less wordy4#bh ,x also 0 adopt$ into ! old ,scotti% ,psalt] ( ! ,re=mation1 :]e x appe>s 9 ! app5dix1 along ) a metrical v]sion ( ! ,apo/le's ,cre$ & o!r 8un9spir$ compositions40 ,f ! ,re=mation until ab\t fifty ye>s ago1 !re 0 among ,engli%-speak+ p no int]e/ 9 ,lat9 hymnology wor? speak+ (4 ,a few ,ca?olic poets1 l ,cra%aw & ,dryd51 honor$ _! ,*ur* v]sions f ! hymns ( ! ,brevi>y4 ,b ev5 ,john ,au/91 a ,ca?olic conv]t ( #afdj1 :5 he prep>$ 8 ,devotions 9 ! ,anci5t ,way ( ,(fices aft] ! model ( ! ,brevi>y1 wrote = x hymns ( 8 own in/ead ( translat+ f ! ,lat94 ,"s ( ^! 78,bless$ be ,?y love1 de> ,"l10 & 8,h>k1 my s\l1 h[ ev]y?+07 h become a "p ( our g5]al weal?4 ,( c\rse "s v]sions ( a homely sort _h to be made = ,ca?olic books ( devotion1 & ,i possess ,! ,ev5+ ,(fice ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,lat9 & ,engli% 7,london1 #agbe71 9 :i* ! ,vesp] hymns ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y are closely & r\ghly v]sifi$4 ,x is notable t 8! old hymns z !y are g5]ally sung 9 *ur*es0--i4e41 ! hymns z !y /ood be=e ! revision ( #afca1 are pr9t$ z an app5dix to ! book1 %[+ h[ sl[ ,engli% ,ca?olics 7 to accept ! mod]nization ( ! hymns :i* ! papacy _h sanction$ ne>ly a c5tury be=e4 ,mr4 ,orby ,%ipley1 9 8 ,annus ,sanctus 7,london1 #ahhd71 gives a l>ge numb] ( ^! e>ly v]sions f ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,prim]s ( #afai1 #afhd1 #afhe1 & #agjf2 f ! ,ev5+ ,(fice ( #agaj1 #agbe1 & #aghe2 & f ! ,div9e ,(fice ( #agfc & #aghj4 ,! translations ( #afai h be5 ascrib$ to ,william ,drummond1 ( ,haw?ornd51 & ^? ( #agjf to ,dryd54 ,drummond 0 ! fir/ ,scot*man :o adopt$ ,engli% z ! language ( lit]ature1 & al?\gh a ,prote/ant1 he belong$ to ! ,ca?oliciz+ p>ty repres5t$ by ,william ,=bes1 ! fir/ ,prote/ant bi%op ( ,ed9burgh4 ,?ree hymns are giv5 9 ,sir ,walt] ,scott's edition ( ,dryd5 on ! au?ority ( ,engli% ,roman ,ca?olic tradition1 ! be/ kn[n be+ 8 v]sion ( ! ,v5i ,creator ,spiritus4 ,^! ?ree are f\nd 9 ! ,prim] ( #agjf1 along ) v]sions ( ! o!r hymns ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y suffici5tly l !m to sugge/ t !y are all by ! same h&4 ,b ?is judgm5t is disput$4 ,among ,prote/ants ! neglect 0 z great4 ,s pr(use a writ] ( hymns = ! ,*ri/ian ye> z ,george ,)] translat$ only ! ,te ,deum & ! ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus into ,engli% v]se4#bi ,tate & ,brady1 9 _! ,supplem5t 7#agjc7 to _! ,new ,v]sion ( ! ,psalms 7#afif71 publi%$ a translation ( ! ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus4 ,b ,bi%op ,symon ,patrick 0 ! only hymn-writ] ( t age :o may be said to h giv5 any special att5tion to ,lat9 hymns4 ,8 hymns 7 *iefly translations f t s\rce1 especially ,prud5tius1 & ,"l ,selborne m5tions t ( ,alleluia1 dulce c>m51 z ! be/4 ,! ,me?odi/ revival1 :i* did s mu* to enri* our /ore ( hymns1 & :i* call$ att5tion anew to ^? ( ,g]many1 accompli%$ no?+ = u z reg>ds ,lat9 hymns4 ,! ,e>l ( ,roscommon's translation ( ! ,dies ,irae 7#agag71 & ,dr4 ,johnson's affect+ ref]5ce to ! /anza1 ,qua]5s me s$i/i lassus1 444 /& almo/ alone 9 t age4 ,x 0 n until ! ,romantic movem5t 9 ,g]many & !n 9 ,engl& broke ! bonds ( a m]ely classic culture1 taught ! _w ! beauty ( ,go?ic art1 & oblig$ m5 to revise _! e/imate ( ! ,middle ,ages1 t ! s+]s ( ! praises :i* s\nd$ ?r\gh ^? e>li] c5turies _h a fair *ance to be judg$ at _! real wor?4 ,! =]unn] ( t movem5t 0 ,johann ,gottfri$ von ,h]d]1 :o inde$ may be said to h anticipat$ ! :ole intellectual movem5t ( ! pa/ c5tury1 ,d>w9ism n except$4 ,f 8 fri5d & ma/] ,hamann1 8! ,magus ( ! ,nor?10 he _h le>n$ 8! necessity = a complete & h>moni\s expression ( all ! v>i$ faculties ( man10 & t 8:atev] is isolat$ or ! product ( a s+le faculty is to be condemn$40 ,?is made him z mu* discont5t$ ) ! eighte5? c5tury & its lit]ature & philosophy ( ! enlight5$ und]/&+1 z ,hamann himself 04 ,x 0 ! f\ndation = t ,ca?olic ta/e :i* enabl$ him to appreciate ! excell5ce ( all ^? popul> lit]atures :i* are ! outfl[ ( ! life ( :ole peoples4 ,8 ,voices ( ! ,peoples did = ! ,cont95t :at ,bi%op ,p]cy's ,reliques did = ,engl&1 & did x mu* bett]4 ,he saw t 8! p & a common s5tim5t are ! f\ndations ( a true poetry10 & ! lit]ature ( ! s*ools & t ( polite society are equally condemn$ to /]ility4 ,= ?is reason he _h small respect = t classic ,lat9 lit]ature at ^: b> e mod]n production 0 implead$4 ,he f\nd f> m g5u9e life & p[] 9 ! ,lat9 poems ( ! ,jesuit fa!r1 ,jacob ,balde1 & /ill m 9 ! hymns ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*4 ,8 ,lett]s = ! ,promotion ( ,humanity 7#agid-if7 conta9 a passage ( classic importance3 8,! hymns :i* ,*ri/ianity introduc$ _h = _! basis ^? old ,hebrew ,psalms :i* v soon f\nd _! way into ! ,*ur*1 if n z songs or an!ms1 at any rate z pray]s4444 ,! songs ( ,m>y & ( ,za*>ias1 ! ,angelic ,salutation1 ! ,nunc ,dimittis ( ,simeon1 :i* op5 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 gave "* m imm$iately to ! ,*ri/ian hymns4 ,_! g5tl] voice 0 m suitable to ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity ?an ev5 ! l\d trumpet note ( t old jubilant ,hallelujah1 al?\gh t note 0 f\nd capable ( _m applications1 & 0 n[ /r5g!n$ ) ! words ( prophet or psalmi/1 n[ adapt$ to g5tl] /ra9s4 ,ov] ! graves ( ! dead1 ^: resurrection 0 already pres5t to ! _s's vision1 9 caves & catacombs1 fir/ 7 he>d ^! psalms ( rep5tance & pray]1 ( sorr[ & hope1 until aft] ! public e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y /epp$ out ( ! d>k into ! light1 out ( solitude into spl5did *ur*es1 be=e consecrat$ alt>s1 & n[ assum$ a l spl5dor 9 _! expression4 ,!re is h>dly any "o :o c li/5 to ! ,jam moe/a quiesce qu]ula ( ,prud5tius )\t feel+ 8 he>t t\*$ by its mov+ /ra9s1 or :o c he> ! fun]al sequ5ce ,dies irae1 dies illa1 )\t a %udd]1 or :om s _m o!r hymns1 ea* ) its own "*--e4g41 ,v5i1 ,r$emptor g5tium2 ,vexilla ,regis prodeunt2 ,salvete flores ,m>tyrum2 ,pange1 l+ua1 gloriosi1 etc41 w fail to be c>ri$ into t frame ( feel+ :i* ea* seeks to awak51 & ) all its humility ( =m & its *ur*ly peculi>ities1 nev] fails to comm&4 ,9 "o !re s\nds ! voice ( pray]2 ano!r c\ld f9d its accompanim5t only 9 ! h>p2 9 yet ano!r ! trumpet r+s1 or !re s\nds ! ?\s&-voic$ organ1 & s on4 8,if we seek aft] ! reason ( ?is rem>kable effect1 :i* we feel 9 he>+ ^! old ,*ri/ian hymns1 we f9d x some:at peculi>4 ,x is any?+ b ! novelty ( ! ?\ghts :i* "h t\*es & !re %akes u4 ,?\ghts 9 ^! hymns are f\nd b sp>+ly4 ,_m are m]ely solemn recitations ( a well-kn[n /ory1 or !y are famili> petitions & pray]s4 ,!y ne>ly all repeat ea* o!r4 ,nor is x frequ5tly surpris+ly f9e & novel s5tim5ts ) :i* !y someh[ p]meate u2 ! novel & ! f9e are n objects 9 ! hymns4 ,:at1 !n1 is x t t\*es u8 ,simplicity & ,v]acity4 ,"h s\nds ! spee* ( a g5]al confession ( "o he>t & "o fai?4 ,mo/ ( !m are con/ruct$ ei!r s z to be fit = use e day ( ! ye>1 or s z to be us$ on ! fe/ivals ( ! v>i\s seasons4 ,z ^! come r\nd !re comes ) !m 9 con/ant recurr5ce _! rehe>sal ( ,*ri/ian doctr9es4 ,!re is no?+ sup]f9e 9 ! hymns z reg>ds ei!r emotion1 or duty1 or consolation4 ,!re reigns 9 all ( !m a g5]al popul>ity ( cont5t1 express$ 9 great acc5ts4 ,he :o seeks novel ?\ghts 9 a ,te ,deum or a ,salve ,reg9a looks = !m 9 ! wrong place4 ,x is j :at is e day & always kn[n1 :i* "h is to s]ve z ! g>b ( tru?4 ,! hymn is meant to be an ambrosial (f]+ ( nature1 dea?less l t1 & ev] return+4 8,x foll[s t1 z p 9 ^! ,*ri/ian hymns did n look = ! grace ( classic expression or ! pleasurable emotion ( ! in/ant--9 a ^w1 :at we expect f a "w ( art1 !y produc$ ! /range/ effects at once aft] _! introduction4 ,j z ,*ri/ian h&s ov]?rew ! /atues & temples ( ! gods 9 honor ( ! unse5 ,god1 s ^! hymns conta9$ a g]m :i* 0 to br+ ab\t ! dea? ( ! pagan poetry4 ,n only 7 ^? hymns to gods & goddesses1 h]oes & g5iuses1 reg>d$ by ! ,*ri/ians z ! "w ( unbeliev]s or misbeliev]s1 b ! g]m f :i* !y sprang1 ! poetic & sportive fancy1 ! pleasure & rejoic+ ( ! peoples 9 _! national fe/ivals1 7 condemn$ z a s*ool ( evil demons2 yes1 ev5 ! national pride1 to :i* ^? songs appeal$1 0 despis$ z a p]il\s ?\gh spl5did s94 ,! old religion _h outliv$ its "t1 ! new _h won its victory1 :5 ! absurdity ( idol-wor%ip & pagan sup]/itions1 ! disord]s & abom9ations :i* att5d$ ! fe/ivals ( ,bac*us1 ,cybele1 & ,aphrodite1 7 br\ght to ! light ( day4 ,:atev] ( poetry 0 associat$ ) ^! 0 a "w ( ! devil4 ,!re began a new age = poetry1 music1 spee*1 ! sci5ces1 & inde$ = ! :ole direction ( human ?\ght40 ,z ! ,romantici/ movem5t ga9$ gr\nd 9 ,g]many1 att5tion to ! e>ly hymns increas$4 ,ev5 ,goe!1 ! weltk9d among ! prophets1 0 influ5c$4 ,h5ce 8 use ( ! ,dies ,irae 9 ! fir/ "p ( ,fau/1 al?\gh he 0 pagan en\gh to c>e = no?+ at ,assisi except ! ,roman rema9s4 ,a4 ,w4 ,s*legel made a numb] ( translations = ! ,mus5-,almana*4 ,!n came ! long s]ies ( ,g]man translators1 ( :om ,a4 ,j4 ,ramba*1 ,a4 ,l4 ,foll5 7bro!r ( ,pr(essor ,*>les ,foll5 ( ,h>v>d71 ,k>l ,simrock 7#ahej & #ahff71 & ,g4 ,a4 ,ko5igsfeld 7#ahdg & #ahfe7 are ! mo/ notable4 ,mu* m important to u are ! ,g]man collectors3 ,g4 ,a4 ,bjrn 7a ,dane1 #ahah71 ,j4 ,c4 von ,zabuesnig 7#ahbb & #ahcj71 ,h4 ,a4 ,daniel 7,bl!n/rauss1 #ahdj2 ,!saurus1 #ahda-ef71 ,f4 ,j4 ,mone 7#ahec-ee71 ,c4 ,b4 ,moll 7#ahfa & #ahfh71 ,p4 ,gall ,morel 7#ahff71 ,joseph ,kehre9 7#ahgc74 ,to ! unwe>i$ ?or\ghness ( ^! editors1 m ?an ( any o!r labor]s 9 ?is field1 we owe our ampl] access to ! treasures ( ,lat9 hymnody4 ,b :at field ( rese>* is !re 9 :i* ! s*ol>%ip ( ,g]many has n laid ! re/ ( ! _w "u obligations8 ,9 ,engli% lit]ature ! ,romantici/ movem5t beg9s prop]ly ) ,sir ,walt] ,scott4 ,himself a ,presbyt]ian1 he 0 br\ght up on ! old ,scot* ,psalm-book1 = :i* he ent]ta9$ ! same affection z did ,burns1 ,edw>d ,irv+1 ,campbell1 ,c>lyle1 & ,ar*deacon ,h>e4 ,he oppos$ any attempt to improve x1 on ! gr\nd t x 01 8) all its ackn[l$g$ occasional h>%ness1 s beautiful t any alt]ations mu/ ev5tually prove only s _m blemi%es40 ,b 8 lit]>y ta/es l$ him to a l(ty appreciation ( ! ,anglican liturgy--a circum/ance :i* has l$ _m to class him z an ,episcopalian--& equally = ! poetry ( ! m$iaeval hymns4 ,8 vigor\s v]sion ( a "p ( ! ,dies ,irae ins]t$ 9 ,! ,lady ( ! ,lake 7#ahje7 gives him 8 smalle/ claim to m5tion 9 ! hi/ory ( hymnody4 ,x 0 ! new atmosph]e he c>ri$ into ! educat$ _w1 8 fre% & he>ty admiration ( admirable ?+s 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 :i* _h be5 ?\ght b>b>\s1 t makes him important to u4 ,he gave ! ,engli% & ,scotti% p new weights & measures1 new /&>ds ( critical judgm5t1 :i* emancipat$ !m f n>r[1 pseudo-,prote/ant traditions4 ,he made ! great ,*ur* ( undivid$ ,we/]n ,europe intelligible4 ,no d\bt _m follies result$ f ?is novel lesson1 ! wor/ ( all be+ contempt = ,lu!r & 8 associates 9 ! ,re=mation4 ,! negations :i* att5d su* revolutions 9 op9ion always are fooli% exagg]ations4 ,x is ! affirmations :i* are valuable & :i* rema94 ,& ,romanticism = m ?an half a c5tury has be5 affect+ ! religi\s1 ! social1 ! intellectual life ( ,great ,brita9 & ,am]ica 9 a ?\s& ways1 & )1 on ! :ole1 positive & b5eficial results4 ,its mo/ p[]ful manife/ation 0 9 ! ,ox=d movem5t1#cj b bo? 9 its causes & its effects x has transc5d$ ! limits :i* sep>ate ! divid$ =ces ( ,prote/antism4 ,naturally ! ,ox=d movem5t 0 ! fir/ to turn att5tion to ! hymns ( ! ,middle ,ages1 or :at x reg>d$ z su*4 ,we use ?is qualifi$ expression because its lead]s at ! outset 7 mu* bett] poets ?an hymnological s*ol>s1 & welcom$ any?+ 9 ! %ape ( a ,lat9 hymn z 8primitive10 no matt] :at4 ,isaac ,williams1 9 ! ,briti% ,magaz9e 9 #ahcj1 publi%$ a s]ies ( translations ( 8primitive hymns0 :i* he ga!r$ into a volume 9 #ahci4 ,!y 7 f ! ,p>is ,brevi>y1 ( ^: hymns only "o 9 f\rte5 7 old] ?an #afhe1 & mo/ ( !m n yet a hundr$ ye>s old4 ,rev4 ,john ,*&l]1 9 8 ,hymns ( ! ,primitive ,*ur* 7#ahcg71 drew on ,santeul & ,c(f9 ) equal fre$om1 evid5tly suppos+ he 0 go+ back to ! e>ly ages = 8 orig9als4 ,bi%op ,mant1 9 8 ,anci5t ,hymns f ! ,roman ,brevi>y 7#ahcg71 did a little bett]1 al?\gh n half-a-doz5 hymns 9 t ,brevi>y are unalt]$ f _! primitive =ms1 & _m are no old] ?an ! fifte5? or sixte5? c5tury4 ,rev4 ,edw>d ,caswall1 an ,ox=d conv]t to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 naturally conf9$ 8 ,lyra ,ca?olica 7#ahdi7 to ! ,brevi>y hymns1 supplem5t+ ^? ( ,rome ) "s f ,p>is4 ,! fir/ collection publi%$ by ,dr4 ,newman 7,hymni ,ecclesiae1 ,p>s ,i41 #ahci7 0 conf9$ to ! ,p>is ,brevi>y1 b ) ! notice t !y 8_h no equal claim to antiquity0 ) 8! disc>d$ collections ( ! ante-re=m era40 ,b he claim$ on r slight gr\nd t !y 8brea! an anci5t _s1 & ev5 :]e !y are ! "w ( "o p51 are ! jo9t & indivisible contribution ( _m anci5t m9ds40 ,?is is an op9ion ( ! "w ( ,santeul & ,c(f9 9 :i* nei!r ,c>d9al ,newman nor ! ,gallican ,*ur* w\ld agree to-day4 ,9 fact1 ^! ,engli% s*ol>s1 ) _! con/ant habit ( mak+ ,lat9 v]se aft] classic models f _! s*ool-days1 & _! entire want ( famili>ity ) po/-classic ,lat91 f\nd :at pleas$ !m be/ 9 ! two ,brevi>ies ( ,rome & ,p>is4 ,) t !y seem$ likely to /op4 ,x 0 ,dr4 ,john ,mason ,neale 7#ahea-eh7 :o1 among translators1 fir/ broke ^! b\nds1 w5t to ! old] s\rces1 & introduc$ to ,engli% read]s1 bo? by 8 collections & 8 translations1 ! great hymns ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,z a translator he leaves mu* to be desir$4 ,8 ideas z to fai?ful reproduction ( ! =m ( 8 orig9als are vague4 ,8 hymns too (t5 might be said to be bas$ on ! ,lat9 text r ?an to reproduce x4 ,b !y are spirit$ poems1 ^: own vigor & beauty s5t read]s to ! orig9al1 & !y 7 n disappo9t$4 ,f t "t we h _h a s]ies ( excell5t work]s 9 ?is field--,john ,keble1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,blew 7#ahee71 ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,*amb]s 7#aheg & #ahff71 ,rev4 ,j4 ,w4 ,hewett 7#ahei71 ,sir ,h5ry ,bak] 7#ahfa & #ahfh71 ,rev4 ,h]b]t ,kyna/on 7#ahfb71 ,rev4 ,j4 ,tr5d 7#ahfb71 ,rev4 ,p4 ,s4 ,worsley 7#ahfc71 ,e>l ,nelson 7#aheg & #ahfh71 ,rev4 ,ri*>d ,f4 ,littl$ale 7#ahfg71 ,r4 ,campbell1 ( ! ,anglo-,ca?olic p>ty2 & ,dean ,/anley1 ,mrs4 ,*>les 7#aheh & #ahff7 & ,dr4 ,hamilton ,magill 7#ahgf7 outside its ranks4 ,!irs h be5 no inconsid]able "p ( ^? labors :i* h made ! la/ ?irty ye>s ! gold5 age ( ,engli% hymn-writ+1 surpass+ ev5 ! era ( ! ,me?odi/ revival4 ,9 ,am]ica ! "w 0 begun 9 #ahdj ) a mode/ little volume publi%$ at ,auburn1 9 ,new ,york1 & ascrib$ by ,mr4 ,duffield to ,dr4 ,h5ry ,mills ( ,auburn ,!ological ,sem9>y1 :o 9 #ahef also publi%$ a volume ( translations ( ,g]man hymns4 ,8 e>li] book 0 ,! ,hymn ( ,hildeb]t & ! ,ode ( ,xavi]1 ) ,engli% ,v]sions1 & conta9$ ?irty-five duodecimo pages4 ,next 9 ord] came ,dr4 ,john ,williams1 ,bi%op ( ,connecticut1 ) ,anci5t ,hymns ( ! ,holy ,*ur* 7#ahde74 ,dr4 ,william ,r4 ,williams ( ,new ,york1 9 8 address on 8,! ,cons]vative ,pr9ciple 9 our ,lit]ature10 deliv]$ 9 #ahdc1 made a ref]5ce to ! ,dies ,irae1 :i* gave him ! occasion to publi% 9 an ,app5dix ! lit]>y hi/ory ( ! great hymn1 giv+ ! text along ) ,dr4 ,tr5*'s v]sion & 8 own4 ,?is seems to h giv5 ! impulse :i* has made ,am]ica s prolific 9 translations ( t hymn1 only ,g]many surpass+ u 9 ?is respect4 ,dr4 ,abraham ,coles may be said to h l$ (f ) 8 volume1 conta9+ ?irte5 translations 9 #ahdg4 ,b x 0 n until aft] ! w> = ! ,union t ! productive p[]s ( ,am]ican translators 7 br\ght into play4 ,mu*1 no d\bt1 0 due to =eign impulse1 especially f ,dr4 ,tr5* & ,dr4 ,newman2 b x is notable t 9 ,am]ica f> m "w has be5 done outside ?an inside ! ,episcopalian communion4 ,dr4 ,coles aga9 9 #ahff1 ,mr4 ,duffield 9 #ahfg1 ,*ancellor ,b5$ict 9 #ahfi1 ,hon4 ,n4 ,b4 ,smi!rs 9 #ahgi & #ahha1 & ,mr4 ,john ,l4 ,hayes 9 #ahhg publi%$ volumes ( translations4 ,b f> m num]\s are ! poets ^: v]sions ( ,lat9 hymns h appe>$ 9 v>i\s p]iodicals or 9 collections l ,pr(essor ,coppe's ,songs ( ,praise 7#ahff71 ,dr4 ,s*aff's ,*ri/ 9 ,song 7#ahfi71 ,od5heim] & ,bird's ,songs ( ! ,_s 7#ahga71 ,dr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,fi%'s ,heav5 9 ,song 7#ahgd71 ,frank ,foxcr(t's ,resurgit 7#ahgi71 & ,dr4 ,s*aff & ,ar?ur ,gilman's ,libr>y ( ,sacr$ ,poetry 7#ahha & #ahhf74 ,( ^! contribut+ poets we m5tion ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,wa%burn1 ^: translations h be5 collect$ 9 8 po/hum\s volume1 ,voices f a ,busy ,life 7#ahhc72 ,dr4 ,ray ,palm]1 our *ief sacr$ s+]1 ^: v]sions ( ! ,o esca viatorum & ! ,jesu dulcis memoria are z classic z 8 8,my fai? looks up to ,!e20 ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 to :om ! pres5t volume is "u great obligations2 ,rev4 ,j4 ,anketell1 ano!r ( its b5efactors2 ,rev4 ,m4 ,woolsey ,/ryk]1 ,rev4 ,d4 ,y4 ,heisl]1 ,rev4 ,frankl9 ,johnson1 ,d4,d41 & ,rev4 ,w4 ,s4 ,mc,kenzie1 ,d4,d4 ,besides ^! we may m5tion ! an?ology ( translations publi%$ by ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,wilson 7#ahei71 ( texts by ,pr(essor ,f4 ,a4 ,m>* 7#ahgd & #ahhc71 & ( bo? texts & translations by ,judge ,c4 ,c4 ,nott 7#ahfe & subsequ5t ye>s74 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 only z lit]ature1 b 9 ! actual use ( ! ,am]ican *ur*es1 t ! ,lat9 hymns h made a place = !mselves4 ,s9ce #ahei1 :5 ! ,&ov] pr(essors publi%$ ! ,sabba? ,hymn & ,tune-,book1 ) orig9al translations furni%$ by ,dr4 ,ray ,palm]1 !re has be5 a peaceful revolution 9 ,am]ican hymnology4 ,e "o ( ! l>g] d5om9ations & _m ( ! small] h provid$ !mselves ) new hymn-books1 9 :i* ! res\rces ( ,engli%1 =eign1 & anci5t hymnology h be5 employ$ freely1 & ) m exact+ ta/e z to s5se & =m1 ?an *>act]iz$ ! hymn-books ( ! era be=e ! w>4 ,:ile ! compil]s h drawn freely ^u ,caswall1 ,neale1 ,*&l]1 & ! ,anglican ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n 7#ahfa71 9 _m cases orig9al translations 7 giv51 z 9 ,hymns ( ! ,*ur* = ! 7,dut*7 ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 ( :i* ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson 0 "o ( ! editors2 & ,dr4 ,*>les ,rob9son's ,laudes ,dom9i 7#ahhd71 to :i* ,mr4 ,duffield contribut$4 ,& !re is evid5ce t ! hymns ?us br\ght into ,*ur* use f ! /oreh\se ( ! e>li] ,*ri/ian ages h help$ ?\ghtful ,*ri/ians to realize m fully ! great pr9ciple ( ! ,communion ( ! sa9ts--to realize t all ! fai?ful ( ! pres5t are b\nd 9 spiritual bro!rhood ) ^? :o held to ! same ,head & walk$ 9 ! light ( ! same fai? 9 bygone c5turies1 ev5 ?\gh x 0 ) /umbl+ & amid %ad[s1 f :i* our pa? by ,god's good provid5ce has be5 set free4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,bibliographical ,,notes4 ,! fir/ s\rces ( ! ,lat9 hymns & sequ5ces are ! manuscript & pr9t$ brevi>ies & missals ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,bo? ^! h be5 explor$ by ! collectors f ,cli*tove to ,kehre91 al?\gh x _c be said t ! exam9ation has be5 exhau/ive ei!r z reg>ds ! manuscripts or ! pr9t$ books4 ,! foll[+ is an approximate li/ ( ! pr9t$ brevi>ies :i* h be5 exam9$ by mod]n collectors3 ,,local ,,brevi>ies4 ,ab]don5se1 ,ab]de51 #aeji-aj1 ,daniel4 ,ambrosianum1 ,milan1 #aeeg1 ,neale1 ,morel1 ,zabuesnig4 ,arg5t95se1 ,/rasburg1 #aebj1 ,neale4 ,basili5se1 ,basel1 #adic1 ,morel4 ,bra*>5se1 #adid1 ,neale4 ,cadunc5se1 ,cahors1 ,neale4 ,coloni5se1 ,koeln1 #aeba1 ,zabuesnig4 ,con/anti5se1 ,kon/anz1 #aejd1 #aeaf1 ,morel1 ,daniel4 ,cordubi5se1 ,cordova1 #aehc1 ,morel4 ,cracovi5se1 ,krakau1 #aebd1 ,morel4 ,curi5se1 ,kur1 c4 #aejj1 ,morel4 ,eborac5se1 ,york1 ,neale1 ,newman4 ,er=d5se1 ,erfurt1 #aeah1 ,daniel4 ,friburg5se1 ,freiburg1 ,daniel4 ,gallicum1 ,france1 #aebg1 ,morel4 ,halb]/adt5se1 ,halb]/adt1 #aeae1 ,daniel4 ,havelb]g5se1 ,havelb]g1 #aeah1 ,daniel4 ,h]e=d5se1 ,h]e=d1 #aeje1 ,neale4 ,l5gres1 ,daniel4 ,lund5se1 ,lund1 #aeag1 ,daniel4 ,magdeburg5se1 ,magdeburg1 #aead1 ,daniel4 ,m]seburg5se1 ,m]seburg1 #aejd1 ,daniel4 ,m9d5se1 ,m9d51 #adij1 ,daniel4 ,misni5se1 ,meiss51 #adij1 ,daniel4 ,moz>abicum1 ,old ,spani%1 #agge1 ,daniel4 ,p>isi5se vet41 ,p>is 7old71 #aebg1 ,neale4 ,p>isi5se1 #agcf1 ,newman1 ,zabuesnig4 ,pictavi5se1 ,poit\1 #aeae1 ,daniel4 ,plac5t9um1 ,piac5za1 #aejc1 ,morel4 ,romanum vet41 ,rome 7old71 #adha1 ,kehre94 #adhd1 #aebj1 #adig1 ,daniel4 #aedc1 ,morel4 ,romanum1 ,rome 7new71 #afca1 ,zabuesnig1 ,daniel4 ,ros*ild5se1 ,roeskild1 #aeag1 ,daniel4 ,salisburg5se1 ,salzburg1 #aeae1 ,neale1 ,daniel4 ,s>isbur5se1 ,salisbury1 #aeee1 ,neale1 ,daniel1 ,newman4 ,slesvic5se1 ,s*leswig1 #aeab1 ,daniel4 ,spir5se1 ,spei]1 #adgh1 ,zabuesnig4 ,tornac5se1 ,t\rnay1 #aedj1 ,neale4 ,tull5se1 ,t\l1 #aghj1 ,daniel4 ,,mona/ic ,,brevi>ies4 ,augu/9ianorum1 #aeeg1 ,morel1 ,zabuesnig1 ,neale4 ,b5$ict9orum1 #aeah1 #aedc1 ,daniel1 ,zabuesnig4 ,canonum ,reg4 ,augu/9i1 ,zabuesnig4 ,c>melit>um1 #agei1 ,daniel1 ,zabuesnig4 ,c>?usianorum1 #aejj1 ,daniel1 ,zabuesnig4 ,ci/]ci5sium1 #aeaj1 #ageb1 ,daniel1 ,zabuesnig4 ,franciscanorum1 #adha1 #adhf1 #adie1 ,daniel1 ,zabuesnig4 ,humiliatorum1 #adhc1 ,neale4 ,praemon/rat5sium1 #agda1 ,daniel1 ,zabuesnig4 ,pra$icatorum1 #adhb1 ,daniel1 ,zabuesnig4 ,s]vorum ,m>iae1 #afdc1 ,daniel1 ,zabuesnig4 ,,local ,,missals4 ,abo5se1 ,abo1 #adhh1 ,daniel1 ,neale4 ,ambian5se1 ,ami5s1 #aebi1 ,neale4 ,aquili5se1 ,aquileia1 ,daniel4 ,arg5t95se1 ,/rasburg1 #aebj1 ,neale4 ,a?anat5se1 ,/4 ,yrieix1 #aeca1 ,morel4 ,atrebat5se1 ,arras1 #aeaj1 ,neale4 ,augu/5se1 ,augsburg1 #aeaj1 ,kehre94 ,br&5burg5se1 ,br&5burg1 ,c41 #aejj1 ,daniel4 ,bursfeld5se1 ,bursfeld1 #aeah1 ,kehre94 ,coloni5se1 ,koeln1 #aejd1 #aebj1 ,daniel1 ,kehre94 ,ey*/ad5se ,ei*/dt1 #aejj1 ,daniel4 ,fris+5se1 ,freys+51 #aead1 ,daniel4 ,hafni5se1 ,cop5hag51 ,neale4 ,halb]/at5se1 ,halb]/adt1 #aeaa1 ,kehre94 ,h]bipol5se1 ,wrzburg1 #aeji1 ,neale1 ,kehre94 ,leodi5se1 ,liege1 #aeac1 ,neale4 ,lubec5se1 ,lubeck1 ,c41 #adhj1 ,wack]nagel4 ,magdeburg5se1 ,magdeburg1 #adic1 ,wack]nagel4 ,m9d5se1 ,m9d51 #aeae1 ,daniel1 ,kehre94 ,mogunt9um1 ,ma9z1 #adhb1 #adig1 ,mone1 ,wack]nagel4 #aejg1 #aeac1 ,kehre91 ,neale4 ,mor95se1 ,neale4 ,n>bon5se1 ,n>bonne1 #aebh1 ,neale4 ,nidrios5se1 ,trondhjem1 #aeai1 ,neale4 ,noviems5se1 ,noyon1 #aejf1 ,neale4 ,numburg5se1 ,naumburg1 #aeja1 #aejg1 ,wack]nagel1 ,daniel4 ,p>isi5se vet41 ,p>is 7old71 #aeaf1 ,neale4 ,p>isi5se1 #agci1 ,newman4 ,patavi5se1 ,padua1 #adia1 ,daniel4 ,pictavi5se1 ,poit\1 #aebd1 ,neale4 ,prag5se1 ,prag1 #aejg1 #aebb1 ,neale1 ,daniel1 ,kehre94 ,ratisbon5se1 ,reg5sburg1 #adib1 ,daniel1 ,neale4 ,r$on5se1 ,r5nes1 #aebc1 ,neale4 ,salisburg5se1 ,salzburg1 #aeae1 ,neale4 ,s>isbur5se ,salisbury1 #aeee1 ,neale4 ,spir5se1 ,spei]1 #adih1 ,neale4 ,/r5gn5se1 ,/r5gnaes1 #adhg1 ,neale4 ,tornac5se1 ,t\rnay1 #aedj1 ,neale4 ,traject5se1 ,utre*t1 #aeac1 ,neale4 ,upsal5se1 ,upsal1 #aeac1 ,neale4 ,v]d5se1 ,v]d51 #aejj1 ,neale4 ,xanton5se ,sa9tes1 #adia1 ,neale4 ,,mona/ic ,,missals4 ,b5$ict9orum1 #adih1 ,neale1 ,kehre94 ,ci/]c5sium1 #aejd1 ,daniel4 ,franciscanorum1 #aebj1 ,kehre94 ,praemon/rat5sium1 #aecj1 ,daniel4 ,pra$icatorum1 #aejj1 ,zabuesnig4 ,( less] *ur*-books ,zabuesnig has us$ ! ,processionale ( ! ,dom9icans or ,prea*]s1 & ,newman t ( ! ,*ur* ( ,york4 ,morel has drawn ^u ! ,p>is ,horae ( #aeai1 & ,daniel on ! ,cantionale ( ,kon/anz ( #afjg4 ,yet ?is %[s t ei!r only a m9ority ( ! pr9t$ *ur*-books ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies h be5 exam9$1 or else t ! majority yield$ no?+ new 9 return = su* exam9ation4 ,we proce$ ) ! bibliography ( ! collections & ! hi/orical treatises & discussions :i* be> on ,lat9 ,hymnology1 toge!r ) ! mo/ important volumes ( translations4 ,^! we %all give 9 *ronological ord]1 & :]e ! initials ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 are app5d$ to ! comm5ts1 x w be und]/ood t ^! are by ,mr4 ,duffield1 n by 8 editor4 ,! numb]s m>k$ ) an a/]isk 7997 indicate works employ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! pres5t volume4 #a4 ,sequ5ti>um ,textus cum optimo ,comm5to4 7,s4 l4 e4 a47 ,pr9t$ at ,koeln 7,cologne7 by ,h5ry ,qu5tell 9 #adib or #adid4 ,! foll[+ is b\nd up ) ! e>ly editions ( ?is z a k9d ( app5dix1 b aft]w>d frequ5tly pr9t$ by itself4 #b4 ,expositio ,hymnorum cum notabili seu famili>i ,comm5to4 7,s4 l4 e4 a47 ,also pr9t$ at ,koeln by ,h5ry ,qu5tell 9 #adib or #adid1 & #aejf4 ,lat] editions are3 ,hag5au1 #adic2 ,basil1 #aejd2 ,koeln1 #aeif2 & _m o!rs4 ,= ! full ref]5ce1 vide ,daniel1 ,i43 xvii4 ,!re 7 _m ( ^!1 & ! mo/ fam\s 0 long reg>d$ z indisp5sable to ! /udy ( ! ,lat9 hymns4 ,x is t ( ,cli*tove4 ,s4,w4,d4 #c4 ,lib] hymnorum 9 metra novit] r$actorum4 ,apologia et def5sio poeticae ac oratoriae maie/atis4 ,brevis expositio difficilium t]m9orum 9 hymnis ab aliis p>um probe et erudite =san int]pretatorum p] ,h5ricum ,bebelium ,i u/+5sem edita poeticam et humaniores litt]as publice pr(it5tem 9 gymnasio ,tub+5si4 ,annotationes eiusdem 9 quasdam vocabulorum int]pretationes ,mammetracti4 ,?ub+51 #aeja4 ,h5ry ,bebel 0 a humani/1 & became pr(essor at ,tb+5 9 #adig4 ,zapf publi%$ a biography ( him at ,augsburg 9 #ahja4 #d4 ,hymni et ,sequ5tiae cum dilig5ti difficillimorum vocabulorum int]pretatione omnibus et s*ola/icis et ecclesia/icis cognitu necess>ia ,h]manni ,torr5t9i de omnibus puritatis l+ue lat9e /udiosis quam optime m]iti4--,coloniae1 ,,mcccccxiii4 ,daniel says t a second edition 7#aeej1 #aecf87 has s closely foll[$ ,cli*toveus t ! fir/ edition only is wor?y ( note4 ,h]mann ,torr5t9us 0 a native ( ,zwolle1 & belong$ to ! ,bro!rhood ( ! ,common ,life4 ,he 0 pr(essor at ,gron+5 ab\t #adij1 & liv$ until ab\t #aebj4 ,he 0 "o ( ! gr\p :i* ga!r$ ar\nd ,john ,wessel ,gans=t1 9 :om ,lu!r recogniz$ a k9dr$ _s4 #e4 ,de tempore et sanctis p] totum annum hymn>ius 9 metra ut ab ,ambrosio1 ,s$ulio1 ,prud5tio cet]isque doctoribus hymni sunt compositi4 ,gron+5 phrisie iam novit] r$actus incipit felicit]4 #f4 ,psalt]ium ,davidis adiunctis hymnis felicem habet f9em op]a et imp5sis ,mel*ior ,lott]s ducalis opidi ,liptz5sis concivis ,anno ,milesimo qu+5tesimo undecimo ,,xviii die ,aprilis #aeaa4 #g499 ,iodoci ,cli*tovaei ,elucidatorium ecclesia/icum ad ,(ficium ,ecclesiae p]t95tia planius expon5s et quatuor ,libros complect5s4 ,primus ,hymnos de ,tempore et ,sanctis p] totum ,annum4 ,secundus nonnulla ,cantica1 ,antiphonas et ,respons>ia4 ,t]tius ea quae ad ,missae p]t9et ,(ficium1 praes]tim ,praefationes4 ,qu>tus ,prosas quae 9 sancti ,alt>is ,sacrificio dicuntur cont9et4 ,p>is1 #aeae2 ,basil1 #aeag & #aeai2 ,v5ice1 #aeee2 ,p>is1 #aeef2 ,koeln1 #agcb4 ,! be/ book ( its "t on ! subject1 & long indisp5sable to ! hymnologi/4 ,josse ,cli*tove 0 a ,flemi% !ologian4 ,he /udi$ at ,p>is "u ! fam\s ,lefevre d',etaples1 & enjoy$ ! fri5d%ip ( ,erasmus4 ,he 0 a zeal\s oppon5t ( ,lu!r4 ,he di$ 9 #aedc4 ,! ,v5ice edition ( 8 ,elucidatorium--,hymni et ,prosae1 quae p] totum ,annum 9 ,ecclesi leguntur--is mu* alt]$1 & conta9s additional hymns f ,italian1 ,fr5*1 & ,hung>ian ,brevi>ies1 :ile x also omits o!rs giv5 by ,cli*tove4 #h4 ,hymni de tempore et de sanctis 9 eam =mam qua a suis autoribus scripti sunt d5uo r$acti et secundum legem c>m9is dilig5t] em5dati atque int]pretati4 ,anno ,dom9i1 ,,mdxix4 ,jacob ,wimphel+ is ! editor4 ,he 0 an em95t !ologian & humani/ ( ,/rasburg1 & ! fir/ to edit ,rabanus ,maurus's ,de ,laudibus ,sanctae ,crucis4 ,already 9 #adii he _h publi%$ a tract3 ,de ,hymnorum et ,sequ5ti>um ,auctoribus ,g5]ibusque ,c>m9um quae 9 ,hymnis inv5iuntur4 ,"o au?ority gives #aeaa z ! date ( 8 ,hymni4 #i4 ,sequ5ti>um lucul5ta int]pretatio n$um s*ola/icis s$ et ecclesia/icis cognitu necess>ia p] ,ioannem ,adelphum physicum ,arg5t95sem collecta4 ,anno ,dom9i1 ,,mdxix4 #aj4 ,jakob van ,mey]3 ,hymni aliquot ecclesia/ici et ,c>m9a ,pia4 ,l\va91 #aecg4 #aa4 ,lib] ecclesia/icorum c>m9um1 cum alijs ,hymnis et ,prosis exquisitissimis a sanctis or?odoxae fidei ,patribus 9 usum piorum m5tium compositis4 ,basil1 ,b4 ,we/hem]us1 #aech4 #ab4 ,laur5tius ,massorillus3 ,aureum ,sacrorum ,hymnorum ,opus4 ,foligni1 #aedg4 #ac499 ,hymni ecclesia/ici praes]tim qui ,ambrosiani dicuntur multis 9 locis recogniti et multorum hymnorum accessione locupletati4 ,cum ,s*oliis opportunis 9 locis adjectis et ,hymnorum indice ,georgii ,cass&ri4 ,et1 ,b$a de ,metrorum g5]ibus ex primo libra de re metrica4 ,coloniae ,anno ,,mdlvi4 ,?is 0 repr9t$ 9 ,cass&]'s ,works 7,p>isiis1 #afaf74 ,cass&] 0 a ,ca?olic1 :o sympa?iz$ ) ! ,re=mation1 & 8 book 0 prohibit$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 8,9 ,romana ecclesia lib] e/ vetitus10 says ,daniel4 ,) ! drawback t 8 k & opportunities 7 limit$ by ! age 9 :i* he liv$1 x c /ill be said t ?is is a v valuable & helpful collection--! s*ol>ly "w ( an e>ne/ man4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #ad4 ,cantiones ,ecclesia/icae ,lat9ae ac ,sync]iores qua$am praeculae ,dom9icis ,fe/is ,diebus 9 ,commemoratione ,c5ae ,dom9i1 p] totius ,anni ,circulum cant&ae ac p]leg5dae4 ,p] ,johannem ,spang5b]gium ,ecclesiae ,nor?usianae inspectorem4 ,magdeburg1 #aedc4 #ae;a4 ,c>m9a vetu/a ante trec5tos scripta1 quae deplorant inscitiam ,evangelii1 et taxant abusus c]emoni>um1 ac quae o/5dunt doctr9am hujus temporis non esse novam4 ,fulsit enim semp] et fulgebit 9 aliquibus v]a ,ecclesiae doctr9a4 ,cum ,praefatione ,mat?iae ,flacii ,illyrici4 ,wittemb]g1 #aedh4 #ae;b4 ,pia qua$am vetu/issima ,poemata1 p>tim ,anti-,*ri/um1 ejusque spirituales ,filiolos insectantia1 p>tim etiam ,*ri/um1 ejusque b5eficium mira spiritus alacritate celebrantia4 ,cum praefatione ,mat?iae ,flacii ,illyrici4 ,magdeburg1 #aeeb4 #ae;c4 ,v>ia ,doctorum ,piorumque ,virorum de ,corrupto ,/atu ,ecclesiae ,poemata4 ,ante no/ram aetatem conscripta1 ex quibus multa hi/oriae quoque utilit] ac summa cum voluptate cognosci possunt4 ,cum ,praefatione ,mat?iae ,flacii ,illyrici4 ,magdeburg1 #aeef4 ,repr9t$ #aged4 ,^! ?ree collections are ( importance to ! hymnologi/4 ,f ! fir/ ,wack]nagel has extract$ a numb] ( f9e hymns4 ,! ?ird conta9s ,b]n>d ( ,cluny's ,de ,contemptu ,mundi4 #af4 ,hymni aliquot sacri vet]um ,patrum una cum eorum simplici ,p>aphrasi1 brevibus argum5tis1 s+ulis ,c>m9um g5]ibus1 conc9nis ,melodijs 444 ,collectore ,georgio ,?ymo4 ,gosl>1 #aeeb4 #ag4 ,psalmodia1 hoc e/ ,cantica ,sacra vet]is ,ecclesiae selecta4 ,quo ord9e ,melodijs p] totius anni curriculum cant>i vsitate sol5t 9 templis de ,deo1 de filio ejus ,iesv ,*ri/o1 444 ,et de ,spiritv ,sancto4444 ,jam primum ad ,ecclesi>um1 ,s*ol>um vsum dilig5t] collecta1 et brevibus et pijs ,s*olijs illu/rata p] ,lucam ,lossium ,luneburg5sem4 ,cum ,praefatione ,philippi ,melan?onis4 ,wittemb]g1 #aeeb & #aeie2 ,nuremb]g1 #aeec & #aeie4 ,die ,hymni1 od] gei/li*5 ,lobges5g1 wie man die 9 d] ,cy/]ti5s] ord5 dur*s gantz ,j> s+et4 ,mit hohem vleis v]teuts*et dur* ,leonh>dum ,ke?n]um4 ,nurnb]g1 #aeee4 #ah4 ,hymni et ,sequ5tiae1 tam de ,tempore quam de ,sanctis1 cum suis ,melodijs1 sicut olim sunt cantatae 9 ,ecclesia ,dei1 jam passim correcta1 p] ,m4 ,h]mannum ,bonnum1 ,sup]9t5d5tem quondam ,ecclesiae ,lubec5sis1 9 vsum ,*ri/ianae juv5tutis s*ola/icae fidelit] conge/a euulgata4 ,lubeck1 #aeei4 #ai4 ,pauli ,eb]i1 ,psalmi seu cantica 9 ecclesia cant>i solita4 ,witteburgiae1 #aefd4 #bj499 ,poet>um ,vet]um ,ecclesia/icorum ,op]a ,*ri/iana et op]um reliquiae atque fragm5ta4 ,!saurus ca?olicae et or?odoxae ecclesiae et antiquitatis religiosae ad utilitatem iuv5tutis s*ola/icae1 collectus1 em5datus1 dige/us et comm5t>io quoque expositus dilig5tia et /udio ,georgii ,fabricii ,*emnic5sis4 ,basileae p] ,ioannem ,opor9um ,,mdlxiiii4 ,a second edition 9 #aegb4 ,george ,fabricius1 ( ,*emnitz1 besides edit+ ?is important book1 0 ! mo/ prolific writ] ( ,lat9 hymns ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* possess$4 #ba4 ,johann ,leis5trit3 ,gei/li*e ,li$] und ,psalm5 d] alt5 ,apo/olis*] re*t und w>glaubig] ,*ri/li*] ,kir*54 #b p>ts4 ,budiss91 #aefg4 ,us$ by ,wack]nagel4 ,al?\gh ,leis5trit 0 ! ,roman ,ca?olic dean ( ,budiss91 8 fir/ "p seems to h be5 c5sur$ z ( ,prote/ant t5d5cy4 ,! second is made up ( hymns to ,m>y & ! ,sa9ts4 ,?is "p 0 repr9t$ 9 #aegc & #aehd4 #bb4 ,cantica ,selecta ,vet]is ,novique ,te/am5ti cum ,hymnis et ,collectis seu orationibus purioribus quae 9 or?odoxa atque ca?olica ecclesia cant>i sol5t4 ,addita dispositione et famili>i expositione ,*ri/ophori ,corn]i4 ,lipsiae cum privilegio ,,mdlxviii4 ,a second edition 9 #aega1 & a ?ird 9 #aegc4 #bc4 ,cantica ex sacris lit]is 9 ecclesia cant>i solita cum hymnis et collectis1 etc41 recognita et aucta p] ,d4 ,georgium ,maiorem4 ,wittemb]g1 #aegj4 #bc;b4 ,hymni et ,collectae1 item ,evangelia1 ,epi/olae1 etc41 quae diebus dom9icis et fe/ivis leguntur4 ,koeln1 #aegc4 #bd4 ,psalt]ium ,davidis1 etc41 cum lemmatibus ac notis ,adami ,sib]i4 ,access]unt ,hymni fe/orum di]um insignium4 ,lipsiae1 ,iohannes ,rhamba excudebat ,anno ,,mdlxxvii4 #be4 ,hymnorum ,ecclesia/icorum ab ,&rea ,ell+]o ,v4 ,cl4 em5datorum libri ,,iii1 etc4 ,,mdlxxviii4 ,franc(urti ad mo5um4 ,daniel calls ?is ! mo/ ample ( all ! collections1 b he criticises ! fir/ two volumes sev]ely = _! arrangem5t1 & ! *anges 9 text made = metrical reasons4 ,! ?ird volume he 0 able to use1 b he felt unsafe 9 ! o!rs except :5 ! editor positively /at$ 9 8 notes :at he consid]$ ! orig9al & g5u9e text4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #bf4 ,joh4 ,hol?usius3 ,comp5dium ,cantionum ecclesia/ic>um4 ,augsburg1 #aegi4 #bg4 ,9 hymnos ecclesia/icos f]me omnes ,mi*aelis ,timo!i ,gat5sis brevis elucidatio4 ,v5etiae1 #aehb4 #bh4 ,hymni et ,collectae4 ,koeln1 #aehe4 #bi4 ,lor5za ,/rozzi3 ,9 s+ula totius ,anni ,solemnia ,hymni4 ,flor5ce1 #aehh4 ,^! hymns 7 adopt$ into ! s]vice-books ( sev]al dioceses1 & 7 translat$ into ,fr5* by ,pavillon1 & set to music by ,maduit4 ,! au?or 0 a ,dom9ican nun ( ! fam\s ,/rozzi family4 #cj4 ,collectio ,hymnorum p] totum ,annum4 ,antw]p1 ,plant91 #aeic4 #ca4 ,francis ,alg]mann3 ,ephem]is ,hymnorum ,ecclesia/icorum ex ,patribus selecta4 ,helm/adt1 #aeif4 ,) ,g]man translations4 #cb4 ,vesp]ale et ,matut9ale1 hoc e/ ,cantica1 ,hymni ,collectae1 seu ,precationes ecclesia/icae quae 9 primis et secundis vesp]is1 itemque matut9is ,precibus1 p] totius ,anni circulum1 9 ecclesiis1 religiosis piorum congressibus cant>i sol5t4 #aeii4 ,! au?or1 ,mat!w ,luidke1 0 deacon ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,havelb]g1 & aim$ at ! naturalization ( ! me?ods ( ! old *ur* books among ,lu!rans4 ,daniel gives ?is book ! palm among ! ,lu!ran collections ( ! ,lat9 hymns4 ,its au?or also publi%$ a ,missale1 & di$ 9 #afjf4 #cc4 ,divorum patrum et doctorum ecclesiae qui oratione ligata scrips]unt ,p>aphrases et ,m$itationes 9 ,evangelia dom9icalia e div]sis ipsorum scriptis collectae a4 ,m4 ,ioa*4 ,zehn]o ecclesiae ,s*leus+5sis pa/ore et ,sup]9t5d5te4 ,lipsiae1 #afjb1 sumptibus ,?omae ,s*ur]i4 8,lib] utilissimus10 ,daniel4 ,! au?or 0 a ,prote/ant1 & a dilig5t /ud5t ( ! old hymns4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #cd499 ,b]n>di ,morlan5sis ,mona*i ord9is ,cluniac5sis ,de ,vanitate ,mundi1 et ,glori ,caele/i1 ,lib] ,aureus4 ,item alij ejusdem ,libri ,tres ,ejusdem f]m ,argum5ti1 ,quibus cum primis 9 ,curiae ,romanae ,cl]i horr5da scel]a /ylo ,satyrico c>m9e ,rhi?mico ,dactylico miro artificio ante annos f]m qu+5tos elaborato1 gravissime invehitur4 ,editi rec5s1 et plurimis locis em5dati1 /udio op]a ,eilh4 ,lub9i4 ,ro/o*ii1 ,typis ,reusn]ianis1 ,anno ,,mdcx4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty unnumb]$ pages 9 duodecimo1 ( :i* ?ree are fill$ by a d$icatory lett] to ,mat?ias ,mat?iae1 ,lu!ran pa/or at ,s*w5sdorf4 ,pr(essor ,lub9us gives no acc\nt ( ! s\rces ( 8 edition1 b says ( ,b]n>d3 8,vixit hic ,b]n>dus ,anno ,*ri/o #aacj4 ,scripsit colloquium ,gabrielis ,m>iae4 ,item hosce1 quos jam edimus1 non paucis locis correximus1 libros40 #ce4 ,c>d4 ,ioannis ,bonae1 de div9a ,psalmodia1 tractatus1 sive psall5tis ,ecclesiae ,h>monia4 ,rome1 #afec2 ,antw]p & ,koeln1 #afgg2 ,p>is1 #afgh2 ,antw]p1 #agbc4 ,also 9 8 ,op]a1 ,tur91 #agdg4 #cf4 ,*>les ,guyet3 ,heortologia1 sive de ,fe/is propriis ,locorum et ,ecclesi>um3 ,hymni propriae v>i>um ,galliae ,ecclesi>um revocati ad ,c>m9is et ,lat9itatis ,leges4 ,folio4 ,p>is1 #afeg2 ,urb9o1 #agbh2 ,v5ice1 #agbi4 #cg;a4 ,david ,greg4 ,corn]3 ,grosz ,ka?olis* ,gesangbu*4 ,fur? bei ,ge41 #afbe4 #cg;b4 ,d4 ,g4 ,corn]3 ,cantionale4 #afee4 #cg;c4 ,d4 ,g4 ,corn]3 ,promptu>ium ,ca?olicae ,devotionis4 ,vi5na1 #afgb4 #cg;d4 ,d4 ,g4 ,corn]3 ,horologium ,*ri/ianae ,pietatis4 ,heidelb]g1 #afhh4 ,conta9 _m old ,lat9 hymns4 ,! ?ird is us$ by ,tr5*4 #ch4 ,&reas ,es*5ba*3 ,diss]tatio de ,poetis sacris ,*ri/ianis4 ,altdorf1 #afhe4 7,repr9t$ 9 8 ,diss]tationes ,academicae4 ,nuremb]g1 #agje47 #ci4 ,c4 ,s4 ,s*urzfleis*3 ,diss]tatio de ,hymnis vet]is ,ecclesiae4 ,wittemb]g1 #afhe4 #dj4 ,lud4 ,ant4 ,muratori3 ,anecdota quae ex ,ambrosianae ,biblio!cae ,codicibus nunc primum eruit1 notis et disquisitionibus auxit4 #b vols4 9 qu>to4 ,milan1 #afig-ih4 ,conta9s ! ,bangor ,antiphon>y & ! hymns ( ,paul9us ( ,nola4 #da4 ,hymni spirituales pro div]sis ,animae ,*ri/ianae ,/atibus4 ,p>is1 #agac4 #db;a4 ,polyc>p ,leys]3 ,diss]tatio de ficta ,m$ii ,aevi ,b>b>ie1 imprimis circa ,poes9 ,lat9am4 ,helm/adt1 #agai4 #db;b4 ,pol4 ,leys]3 ,hi/oria ,poet>um et ,poematum ,m$ii ,aevi4 ,halle1 #agba4 #db;c499 ,j4 ,g4 ,wal*3 ,de ,hymnis ,ecclesiae ,apo/olicae4 ,j5a1 #agcg4 7,repr9t$ 9 8 ,miscellanea ,sacra3 ,am/]dam1 #agdd47 #dc499 ,josephi ,m>iae ,?omasii ,s4,r4,e4 ,c>d9alis ,op]a omnia4--,rome1 #agda1 9 #f vols41 folio1 & #agdg et seq4 9 #ab vols41 #dto4 7,! ,hymn>ium is f\nd 9 pages #cea-dcd ( ,vol4 ,,ii41 9 ! #dto edition47 8,?is book10 rem>ks ,daniel1 8is suffici5tly r>e 9 ,g]many1 b ! editor ( sacr$ hymns c by no means d )\t x40 ,! reason is t ,?omasius _h access to ! ,vatican ,,mss41 & 0 !re=e able to une>? _m r>e & valuable texts4 ,he also designat$ ! probable au?or%ip ( a goodly numb] ( ! hymns--n always correctly1 b usually ) consid]able tru?4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #dd4 ,pet] ,zorn3 ,de ,hymnorum ecclesia/icorum ,lat9orum ,collectoribus4 ,9 8 ,opuscula ,sacra1 ,altona1 #agca & #agdc4 #dd;b4 ,d4 ,galle3 ,de ,hymnis ,ecclesiae vet]is4 ,wittemb]g1 #agcf4 ,pp4 #af1 #dto4 #de4 ,i4 ,h4 a ,seel51 de poesi ,*ri/4 non a t]tio po/4 ,*r4 nat4 seculo1 etc41 d$uc5da4--,lubecae1 #aged4 #df4 ,j4 ,g4 ,baumann3 ,de ,hymnis et ,hymnopoeis vet]is et rec5tioris ,ecclesiae4 ,brem51 #agfe4 #dg;a4 ,m>t4 ,g]b]t3 ,de ,cantu et ,musica ,sacra1 a prima ,ecclesiae aetate usque ad praes5s tempus4 #b vols41 #dto4 ,/4 ,blaise1 #aggd4 #dg;b4 ,m>t4 ,g]b]t3 ,scriptores ,ecclesia/ici de ,musica ,sacra1 potessimum ex v>iis ,italiae1 ,galliae et ,g]maniae ,manuscriptis collecti1 et nunc primum public luce donati4 #c vols41 #dto4 ,/4 ,blaise1 #aghd4 ,?is product ( unwe>i$ rese>* conta9s1 int] alia1 treatises by ,alcu91 ,notk] ,labeo1 ,odo ( ,cluny1 ,guido ( ,arezzo1 ,h]mann ! ,lame1 ,engelb]t ( ,admont4 ,m>t9 ,g]b]t 7#agbj-ic7 0 pr9ce-abbot ( ,/4 ,blaise 9 ! ,black ,=e/4 #dh;a4 ,fau/9o ,arevalo3 ,hymnodia ,hispanica ad ,cantus ,lat9itatis1 ,metrique leges revocata et aucta2 praemittitur ,diss]tatio de ,hymnis ecclesia/icis eorumque correctione atque optima con/itutione2 ,acc$unt ,app5dix de fe/o conv]sionis ,go?orum in/itu5do2 ,brevi>ii ,quignoniani fata1 etc4 ,rome1 #aghf4 #dh;b4 ,fau/9o ,arevalo3 ,poetate ,*ri/iani3 ,prud5tius1 ,dracontius1 ,juv5cus1 et ,s$ulius4 #e vols41 qu>to4 ,rome1 #aghh-id4 ,! =m] ( ^! works has be5 mu* us$ by ,neale & ,daniel4 #di4 7,walraff37 ,corolla ,hymnorum sacrorum publicae devotioni ins]vi5tium4 ,vet]es electi s$ m5dis quibus it]atis 9 editionibus scatebant det]si1 /rophis adaucti4 ,novi adsumpti1 rec5tes primum ins]ti4 ,koeln1 #ahjf4 ,tak5 *iefly f ! ,psalt]iolum ,cantionum ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 ( :i* ! sixte5? edition _h appe>$ 9 #agib 9 ! same city4 #ej4 ,f4 ,mnt]3 ,ueb] die lte/e ,*ri/li*e ,poesie4--,kop5hag51 #ahjf4 #ea499 ,an?ologie *ri/li*] ,gesnge aus all5 ,jahrhund]t5 d] ,kir*e na* d] ,zeitfolge geordnet und mit ges*i*tli*5 ,bem]kung5 begleitet4 ,von ,aug4 ,jak4 ,ramba*4 #f vols4 ,altona1 #ahag-cc4 ,! fir/ volume is occupi$ ) ! e>ly & ,middle ,ages ( ! ,*ur*1 especially ! ,lat9 ,hymns1 ! texts be+ giv5 ) translations & notes4 ,x m]its ! high praise ,daniel gives x3 /udia praecl>a ,ramba*ii4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #eb4 ,m4 ,f4 ,jack3 ,psalm5 und ,gesnge1 neb/ d5 ,hymn5 d] lte/5 ,kir*e1 ueb]setzt4 #b vols4 ,freiburg1 #ahag4 ,o!r ,g]man-,ca?olic translators are ,george ,witzel 7#aeej71 a ,mn* ( ,hilde%eim 7#aggf71 ,f4 ,x4 ,jahn 7#aghe71 ,f4 ,j4 ,we9z]l 7#ahag & #ahba71 ,j4 ,aign] 7#ahbe71 ,casp] ,ett 7#ahcg71 ,a4 ,a4 ,hnogek 7#ahcg71 ,deuts*mann 7#ahci71 ,r4 ,lecke 7#ahdc71 ,m4 ,a4 ,nickel 7#ahde71 ,h4 ,bone 7#ahdg71 ,j4 ,kehre9 7#ahec71 ,g4 ,m4 ,pa*tl] 7#ahec71 ,h4 ,/adelmann 7#ahee71 a ,prie/ ( ! diocese ( ,mn/] 7#ahee71 ,j4 ,n4 ,/oeg] 7#aheg71 ,!odor ,tilike 7#ahfb71 ,g4 ,m4 ,pa*tl] 7#ahfh71 ,p4 ,j4 ,belke 7#ahfi71 & ,fr4 ,hohmann 7#ahgb74 ,silb]t1 ,zabuesnig1 ,simrock1 & ,s*loss] are giv5 9 _! prop] places 9 ?is li/4 #ec499 ,g4 ,a4 ,bjorn3 ,hymni vet]um poet>um ,*ri/ianorum ecclesiae lat9ae selecti4 ,cop5hag51 #ahah4 ,bjorn 0 ! ,lu!ran pa/or ( ,vemmet(te1 9 ,d5m>k4 ,8 selection is conf9$ to ! v e>ly writ]s3 ,victor9us1 ,damasus1 ,ambrose & 8 s*ool1 ,prud5tius 7! ,ka!m]9on71 & ,paul9us ( ,nola4 ,he has a good introduction & notes4 #ed499 ,adolf ,ludewig ,foll53 ,alte *ri/li*e ,li$] und ,kir*5gesnge teuts* und late9is*1 neb/ e9em ,anhange4 ,elb]feld1 #ahai4 ,*iefly hymns ( ! lat] ,middle ,ages or by ! ,jesuits4 ,! au?or1 :o 0 a bro!r ( ,pr(essor ,foll5 ( ,h>v>d1 ascribes ! ,dies ,irae to ,malabranca1 #abgh1 ,bi%op ( ,o/ia1 & accepts ! ,requiescat a labore z a fun]al hymn actually sung by ,heloise & h] nuns ov] ,abel>d4 ,o!r ,g]man-,prote/ant translators1 besides ^? giv5 9 ?is li/ at _! prop] places1 are ,h4 ,freyb]g 7#ahci71 ,ed4 von ,mild5/e9 7#ahed71 ,h4 von4 ,loep] 7#ahfi71 ,h4 ,f4 ,mll] 7#ahfi71 ,j4 ,l9ke 7#ahhd71 & ,jul4 ,?ikott] 7#ahhh74 #ee4 ,j4 ,p4 ,silb]t3 ,dom heilig] ,sang]1 od] fromme ,gesnge d] ,vorzeit4 ,mit ,vorr$e von ,fr4 von ,s*legel4 ,vi5na & ,prague1 #ahbj4 #ef4 ,f4 ,j4 ,we9z]l3 ,hymni sacri ex pluribus ,galliae diocesium ,brev>iis collecti4 ,augsburg1 #ahbj4 #eg4 ,poetae ecclesia/icae ,lat9i4 #d vols41 9 #abmo4 ,cambray1 #ahba-bf4 ,embraces ,=tunatus1 ,prud5tius1 ,*]ius1 ,t]tullian1 ,cyprian1 ,juv5cus1 ,s$ulius1 ,belis>ius1 ,lib]ius1 ,prosp]1 ,arator1 ,lactantius1 & ,dracontius4 #eh499 ,johann ,*ri/oph von ,zabuesnig3 ,ka?olis*e ,kir*5gesnge 9 das ,deuts*e b]trag5 mit dem ,late9 zur ,seite4 #c vols4 ,augsburg1 #ahbb4 ,a second edition1 ) a ,preface by ,c>l ,egg]1 ,augsburg1 #ahcj4 ,! collection is a l>ge "o1 made f f\rte5 brevi>ies1 ?ree missals1 & o!r *ur*-books & private collections1 besides "o manuscript antiphon>y4 ,al?\gh a ,ca?olic prie/1 ,zabuesnig selects 7f ,*ri/oph] ,corn]1 #aegc7 & translates hymns by ,melan*?on & ,cam]>ius4 #ei;a4 ,gottl4 ,*4 ,fr4 ,mohnike3 ,kir*5- und ,lit]>-hi/oris*e ,/udi5 und ,mit!ilung54 ,/ralsund1 #ahbd4 #ei;b4 ,gottl4 ,*r4 ,fr4 ,mohnike3 ,hymnologis*e ,=s*ung54 #b vols4 ,/ralsund1 #ahca-cb4 #fj499 ,ludwig ,bu*egg]3 ,de ,orig9e sacrae ,*ri/ianorum ,poeseos ,comm5tatio4 ,freiburg1 #ahbg4 #fa499 ,sir ,alex&] ,croke3 ,an ,essay on ! ,orig91 ,progress1 & ,decl9e ( ,rhym+ ,lat9 ,v]se2 ) _m ,specim5s4 ,ox=d1 #ahbh4 #fb499 ,jakob ,grimm3 ,hymnorum vet]is ,ecclesiae ,,xxvi ,int]pretatio ,!otisca nunc primum edita4 #dto1 pp4 #ahcj4 ,grimm's 8,habilitationss*rift0 on ent]+ on 8 pr(essor%ip at ,gtt+54 ,x is f ! manuscript pres5t$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury by ,francis ,junius to ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 :i* conta9s tw5ty-six hymns by ,ambrose & 8 s*ool1 ) a prose v]sion 9 ,old ,high ,g]man ( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury4 ,f\r ( ! hymns _h nev] appe>$ 9 any previ\s collection4 #fc;a4 ,rev4 ,isaac ,williams3 ,?\ghts 9 ,pa/ ,ye>s4 ,london1 #ahca4 ,a six? edition 9 #ahcb4 ,conta9s twelve v]sions ( ,ambrosian & o!r primitive hymns4 #fc499 ,h(fmann von ,fall]sleb53 ,ges*i*te des deuts*5 ,kir*5li$es bis auf ,lu!r's ,zeit4 ,hannov]1 #ahcb4 ,second edition1 #ahed2 ?ird edition1 99#ahfa4 ,%[s ! transition f ,lat9 to ,g]man 9 popul> use1 & discusses ! hi/ory ( =ty-five ,lat9 hymns 9 ?is connection4 #fd4 ,f4 ,m>t93 ,specim5s ( ,anci5t ,hymns ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 transcrib$ f an ,,ms4 9 ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y ( ,cambridge1 ) ,app5dix ( o!r ,anci5t ,hymns4 ,pp4 #cf1 octavo4 ,norwi*1 #ahce4 ,privately pr9t$ 9 fifty-six copies4 #fe499 ,j4 ,c4 ,f4 ,bhr3 ,die ,*ri/li*5 ,di*t] und ,ges*i*ts*reib] ,roms4 ,e9e lit]rhi/oris*e ,ueb]si*t4 ,c>lsruhe1 #ahcf4 ,new edition1 #ahgb4 #ff;a499 ,rev4 ,john ,*&l]3 ,! ,hymns ( ! ,primitive ,*ur*1 n[ fir/ collect$1 translat$1 & arrang$4 ,london1 #ahcg4 ,conta9s #ajh ,lat9 hymns ) ,*&l]'s translation1 sev]al ( :i* 7 adopt$ by ! editors ( ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n4 ,mr4 ,*&l] di$1 ,july #a/1 #ahgf4 #ff;b499 ,bi%op ,ri*>d ,mant3 ,anci5t ,hymns f ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,london1 #ahcg4 ,new edition1 #ahga 7#bgb pages74 ,dr4 ,mant 0 ,bi%op ( ,d[n & ,connor 9 ! ,iri% ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 & di$ ,novemb] #b;d1 #ahdh4 ,he 0 an orig9al ,lat9 poet ( "s note1 & a writ] ( ,engli% hymns4 #fg499 7,j4 ,h4 ,newman37 ,hymni ,ecclesiae4 ,p>s ,i41 e ,brevi>io ,p>isi5si2 ,p>s ,,ii41 e ,brevi>iis ,romano1 ,s>isburi5si1 ,eborac5si et aliunde4 ,ox=d1 #ahch4 ,a new edition1 ,london1 #ahfe4 ,?is collection1 sometimes kn[n z ! ,ox=d ,hymns1 0 prep>$ by ,c>d9al ,newman :ile he 0 /ill a presbyt] ( ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 & exhibits ev]y:]e 8 cultivat$ ta/e4 ,_m ( ! hymns x includes are n to be f\nd 9 o!r collections4 ,?is is especially true ( ! hymns f ! ,p>is ,brevi>y ( #agcf1 :i* make up half ! book4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #fh499 ,rev4 ,isaac ,williams3 ,hymns translat$ f ! ,p>is ,brevi>y4 ,london1 #ahci4 ,^! translations _h already appe>$ 9 ,! ,briti% ,magaz9e ab\t #ahcj4 ,mr4 ,williams takes rank next aft] ,keble among ! poets ( ! ,tract>ian movem5t4 ,he di$ 9 #ahfe4 #fi499 ,ioseph ,kehre93 ,late9is*e ,an?ologie aus d5 *ri/li*5 ,di*t]n des ,mittelalt]s4 ,fr ,gymnasi5 und ,lyce5 h]ausgegeb5 und mit ,anm]kung5 begleitet4 ,er/] ,!il4 ,die a*t er/5 *ri/li*5 ,jahrhund]te4 ,frankfurt a4 ,m41 #ahdj4 ,an an?ology prep>$ ) great labor & small judgm5t by a prosaic s*ol>4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #gj;a499 ,fri$ri* ,gu/av ,lisco3 ,dies ,irae1 ,hymnus auf das ,weltg]i*t4 ,als ,beitrag zur ,hymnologie4 ,pp4 #aef4 ,great #dto4 ,b]l91 #ahdj4 #gj;b4 ,fri$ri* ,gu/av ,lisco3 ,/abat ,mat]4 ,hymnus auf die ,s*m]z5 ,m>i4 ,neb/ e9em ,na*trage zu d5 ,ueb]setzung5 des ,hymnus ,dies ,irae4 ,zweit] ,beitrag zur ,hymnologie4 ,great #dto4 ,pp4 #eh4 ,b]l91 #ahdc4 #ga499 7,pr(essor ,h5ry ,mills37 ,! ,hymn ( ,hildeb]t1 & ! ,ode ( ,xavi]1 ) ,engli% ,v]sions4 ,auburn1 #ahdj4 #gb499 ,h]mann ,adalb]t ,daniel3 ,hymnologis*] ,bl!n/rauss aus dem ,gebiete alt-late9is*] ,kir*5poesie4 #abmo4 ,halle1 #ahdj4 ,pr(essor ,daniel's fir/ appe>ance 9 a field 9 :i* he /ill is ! highe/ au?ority4 ,besides 8 ,!saurus & ?is little precursor to x1 & ! diss]tation m5tion$ bel[1 he labor$ 9 ,g]man hymnology1 edit+ an ,evangelis*es ,kir*5-,gesangbu* 9 #ahdb1 & ,z9z5dorf's hymns 9 #ahea4 ,he also took "p 9 ! prep>ation ( ! /&>d ,g]man hymn-book ( ! ,eis5a* ,conf]5ce1 :i* is int5d$ to put an end to ! unlimit$ v>iety ( hymn-books 9 ! local *ur*es ( ,g]many4 ,= ,ers* & ,grub]'s huge ,encyclopdie1 he wrote ! article 8,gesangbu*10 :i* is repr9t$ 9 8 ,z]/reute ,bltt] 7,halle1 #ahdj74 ,& besides all ?is he publi%$ 9 #ahdg-ec a ,codex ,liturgicus ,ecclesiae ,univ]sae1 & 0 a lead+ au?ority 9 ,p$agogics & 9 ,geography4 #gc499 ,f]d9& ,wolf3 ,ueb] die ,lais1 ,sequ5z5 und ,lei*e4 ,e9 ,beitrag zur ,ges*i*te d] ,rhy?mis*5 ,=m5 und ,s+weis5 d] ,volksli$] und d] ,volksmssig5 ,kir*5- und ,kun/li$] im ,mittelalt]4 ,mit ,,viii ,facsimiles und ,,ix ,musikbeilag54 ,heidelb]g1 #ahda4 #gd499 ,h]mann ,adalb]t ,daniel3 ,!saurus ,hymnologicus sive hymnorum canticorum sequ5ti>um circa annum ,,md usitat>um collectio amplissima4 ,c>m9a collegit1 app>atu critico ornavit1 vet]um int]pretum notas selectas suasque adiecit4 ,v ,tomi4 ,leipzig1 #ahda-ef4 ,/ill ! *ief text-book = ! /ud5t ( ,lat9 hymnology4 ,vols4 ,i4 7#ahda7 & ,,iv4 7#ahee7 conta9 ! ,hymns4 ,vols4 ,,ii4 7#ahdd7 & ,v4 7#ahef71 ! ,sequ5ces4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 7#ahdf71 ,hymns ( ! ,greek & ,syrian ,*ur*es4 ,to ,vol4 ,v4 ,dr4 ,neale contributes a ,lat9 introduction on ! nature ( ! ,sequ5ce4 ,9 ! two la/ volumes ,daniel uses freely & ) ackn[l$gm5t ! labors especially ( ,mone & ,neale4 ,! fif? volume conta9s also indices to all five volumes by fir/ l9es1 & also a topical index4 ,! wor/ defect ( ! book is ! poorness ( ?is latt]4 ,next to t is its au?or's v insuffici5t prep>ation = 8 "w :5 he publi%$ 8 two fir/ volumes2 b t probably 0 unavoidable4 ,vols4 ,,iv4 & ,v4 %[ h[ mu* he _h gr[n 9 8 ma/]y ( 8 field ( labor4 ,b 8 le>n+ & 8 c>e give 8 book a place inf]ior to none4 #ge499 ,k4 ,e4 ,p4 ,wack]nagel3 ,das ,deuts*e ,kir*5li$ von ,m>t9 ,lu!r bis auf ,nicolaus ,h]man und ,ambrosius ,blaur]4 ,/uttg>t1 #ahda4 ,wack]nagel's fir/ & %ort] "w4 ,recogniz+ 9 ! ,lat9 hymns ! />t+-po9t ( ,g]man hymnology1 he beg9s 8 book ) ?irty-sev5 pages ( ,lat9 hymns & sequ5ces1 tak5 mo/ly f ,lossius & ,ramba*1 ) "s f ! ,hymni et ,collectae ( #aehe4 #ge;b4 ,a4 ,d4 ,wack]b>?3 ,lyra ,ecclesia/ica3 a ,collection ( ,anci5t & ,godly ,lat9 ,hymns1 ) an ,engli% ,translation4 ,two s]ies4 ,london1 #ahdb-dc4 #gf;a499 ,edle/& du ,m]il3 ,poesies populaires lat9es ant]ieures au d\zime sicle4 ,p>is1 #ahdc4 ,?is book1 l ! simil> "w ( ,?omas ,aldis ,wright1 conta9s ! popul> ,lat9 poetry ( ! ,middle ,ages previ\s to ! twelf? c5tury4 ,b x also conta9s ! fir/ "p ( ! hymns ( ,abel>d1 & x is f ?is volume t ,tr5* & ,m>* took _! examples ( 8 poetry4 ,! lat] discov]y ( ! entire hymn>ium prep>$ = ! ,abbey ( ! ,p>aclete emphasizes ! importance ( ,de ,m]il's rese>*es4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #gf;b4 ,edle/& du ,m]il3 ,poesies populaires lat9es du ,moy5 ,age4 ,p>is1 #ahdg4 ,a cont9uation ( 8 fir/ "w ( #ahdc4 ,bo? are us$ freely by ,daniel 9 8 lat] volumes & by ,mone4 #gg499 ,jacques ,paul ,migne3 ,patrologiae ,cursus ,completus1 sive ,biblio!ca ,univ]salis1 ,integra1 ,uni=mis1 ,commoda1 ,oeconomica omnium ,patrum1 ,doctorum ,scriptorumque ,ecclesia/icorum qui ab ,aevo ,apo/olico ad ,innoc5tii ,,iii ,tempora floru]unt4 ,,ccxxi ,tomi ,p>is1 #ahdd-ee4 ,new edition begun 9 #ahgh4 ,= ! ,*ri/ian ,poets1 see ! foll[+ volumes3 ,abel>d1 #afh2 ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor1 #aif2 ,alan ( ,lisle1 #baj2 ,ambrose1 #af & #ag2 ,anselm ( ,cant]bury1 #aeh2 ,b$e1 #id2 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 #ahd2 ,damasus1 #ac2 ,drepanius ,florus1 #fa2 ,elpis1 #fc2 ,ennodius1 #fc2 ,eug5ius1 #hg2 ,florus1 #aaj3 ,v5antius ,=tunatus1 #hh2 ,fulb]t1 #ada2 ,godes*alk1 #ada2 ,gregory ! ,great1 ----2 ! ,emp]or ,h5ry1 #adj2 ,h]ib]t ( ,ei*/ett51 #ada2 ,hil>y1 #aj2 ,hildeb]t1 #aga2 ,h9cm>1 #abe2 ,innoc5t ,,iii41 #bag2 ,isidore1 #hc2 ,john ,scotus ,erig5a1 #abb2 ,juv5cus1 #ai2 ,claudianus ,mam]tus1 #ec2 ,m>bod1 #aga2 ,notk]1 #aca2 ,odo ( ,cluny1 #adb2 ,paul9us ( ,nola1 #fa2 ,pet] ,damiani1 #ade2 ,pet] ( ,cluny1 #ahi2 ,prud5tius1 #ei2 ,rabanus ,maurus1 #aab2 ,rob]t ,,ii1 #ada2 ,ratp]t ( ,/4 ,gall1 #hg2 ,coelius ,s$ulius1 #ai2 ,walafri$ ,/rabo1 #aad2 ,tutilo ( ,/4 ,gall1 #hg2 ,paul ,w>nefri$1 #ie4 ,anonym\s poems z foll[s3 ,i,id & ,i,i,id c5turies1 #b2 ,i,vth c5tury1 #g2 ,v? c5tury1 #fa2 ,v,i,ith c5tury1 #hg2 ,i,xth c5tury1 #ih2 ,x,ith c5tury1 #aea2 ,x,i,ith c5tury1 #aij4 #gh499 ,c4 ,=tlage3 ,gesnge ,*ri/l4 ,vorzeit4 ,auswahl d] vorzgli*/5 aus d5 ,grie*is*5 und ,late9is*5 b]setzt4 ,b]l91 #ahdd4 #gh;a499 7,john ,williams73 ,anci5t ,hymns ( ,holy ,*ur*4 ,pp4 #abh1 #abmo4 ,h>t=d1 #ahde4 ,conta9s orig9al translations ( =ty ,lat9 hymns1 mo/ly ,ambrosian & o!r e>ly hymns 9 ! abbreviat$ v]sions ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,tw5ty-two ( ,isaac ,williams's translations ( hymns f ! ,p>is ,brevi>y are app5d$4 ,! au?or 0 at ! "t rector ( ,/4 ,george's *ur* 9 ,s*5ectady1 & 9 #ahea became bi%op ( ,connecticut4 #gi499 ,k4 ,i4 ,simrock3 ,lauda ,syon1 alt*ri/li*e ,kir*5li$] und gei/li*e ,g$i*te1 late9is* und deuts*4 ,kln1 #ahdf4 ,a second edition 9 #ahfh4 ,"o ( ! mo/ em95t ,g]mani/s1 & an extremely felicit\s translator 7#ahjb-gf74 #hj499 ,g4 ,a4 ,knigsfeld3 ,late9is*e ,hymn5 und ,gesnge aus dem ,mittelalt]1 deuts*1 unt] ,beibehaltung d] ,v]smasse4 ,neb/ ,e9leitung und ,anm]kung52 unt] briefli*] ,bem]kung5 und ,ueb]setzung5 von ,a4 ,w4 ,s*legel4 ,bonn1 #ahdg4 ,an admirably done piece ( "w4 ,specim5s f tw5ty-five au?ors1 ) tw5ty anonym\s hymns *iefly ( ! ,jesuit s*ool4 ,a second s]ies 9 #ahfe4 #ha499 ,ri*>d ,*5evix ,tr5*3 ,sacr$ ,lat9 ,poetry4 ,london1 #ahdi4 ,second edition1 #ahfd2 ?ird edition1 #ahgh4 ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*'s little book has _h a wide popul>ity1 & _m p]sons h be5 induc$ by x to take a deep] int]e/ 9 ! subject4 ,b x is disfigur$ by its arrangem5t1 :i* excludes ev]y?+ t _c be safely employ$ by ,prote/ants4 ,l9es are omitt$ f ,hildeb]t2 ! ,/abat ,mat] ( ,jacoponus is abs5t1 & ! ,pange l+ua ( ,aqu9as is also miss+4 ,moreov] ! notes1 :i* h be5 easily prep>$ f ,lat9 s\rces1 are sc>cely satisfactory4 ,yet1 take x = all 9 all1 x is a volume t may be highly comm5d$1 = ! ar*bi%op is a poet1 & has a poet's appreciation ( ! beautiful4 ,we are indebt$ to him = hymns f ,m>bod1 ,mauburn1 ,w4 ,al>d1 ,balde1 ,pi/or1 & ,alan ( ,lisle1 :i* are n readily f\nd4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 ,!re is mu* 9 ! rec5t biography ( ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* :i* is ( int]e/ to hymnologi/s1 especially 8 correspond5ce ) ,dr4 ,neale4 #hb;a499 ,edw>d ,caswall3 ,lyra ,ca?olica3 conta9+ all ! ,hymns ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y & ,missal1 ) o!rs f v>i\s ,s\rces4 ,london1 #ahdi2 ,new ,york1 #ahea4 ,new edition1 ,london1 #ahhd4 ,mr4 ,caswall 0 "o ( ! cl]gym5 :o left ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& = ! ,roman communion ) ,dr4 ,newman4 ,"s ( 8 translations1 especially ( ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 are among ! mo/ felicit\s 9 ! language4 ,! ,am]ican edition has an ,app5dix ( 8,hymns1 ,an!ms1 etc41 appropriate to p>ticul> occasions ( devotion40 ,x is ?is edition :i* has be5 abridg$ 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,hymns ( ! ,ages 7#aheh74 #hb;b4 ,j4 ,r4 ,be/e3 ,*ur* ,hymns 9 ,engli%1 t may be sung to ! old *ur* music4 ,) approbation4 ,london1 #ahdi4 #hc499 ,d4 ,ozanam3 ,docum5ts in$its p\r s]vir a l',hi/oire litt]aire de l',italie depuis le ,v,i,i,ie ,siecle jusq'au ,x,i,i,ie4 ,p>is1 #ahej4 ,pages #bba-eg is an acc\nt ( a collection ( two hundr$ & =ty-?ree ,lat9 hymns f\nd 9 a ,vatican manuscript1 :i* he assigns to ! n9? c5tury1 & to ! ,b5$ict9es ( ,c5tral ,italy4 ,he pr9ts ^? n f\nd 9 ,daniel4 ,repr9t$ 9 ,migne's ,patrologia3 #aea2 #hac;ff4 #hd4 ,hymnale secundum ,usum insignis et praecl>ae ,ecclesiae ,s>isburi5sis4 ,littlemore1 #ahej4 #he499 ,hymn>ium ,s>isbur5se1 cum ,rubricis et ,notis ,musicis4 ,v>iae ins]untur lectiones ,codicum ,,mss4 ,anglicorum1 cum iis quae a ,geo4 ,cass&ro1 ,j4 ,cli*toveo1 ,j4 ,m4 ,?omasio1 ,h4 ,a4 ,daniel1 e ,codd4 ,g]manis1 ,gallicis1 ,italis1 erutae sunt4 ,acc$unt etiam ,hymni et ,rubricae e ,libris secundum usus ,ecclesi>um ,cantu>i5sis1 ,eborac5sis1 ,wigorn5sis1 ,h]e=d5sis1 ,gl\ce/r5sis1 aliisque ,codd4 ,,mss4 ,anglicanis exc]pti4 ,p>s prima4 ,london & ,cambridge1 #ahea4 ,gives hymns & v>i\s read+s f tw5ty-six ,engli% manuscripts4 #hf499 ,joseph ,/ev5son3 ,lat9 ,hymns ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ur*2 ) an ,int]l9e> ,anglo-,saxon ,gloss1 f a ,manuscript ( ! ,elev5? ,c5tury 9 ,durham ,libr>y4 ,edit$ = ! ,surtees ,society4 ,london & ,durham1 #ahea4 ,( "s value z %[+ :at hymns 7 us$ 9 ! e>ly ,engli% ,*ur*1 be=e ! ,norman ,conque/4 ,! gloss is n ,nor?umbrian1 z might be suppos$ f its be+ f\nd 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,dean & ,*apt] ( ,durham1 b ,we/-,saxon1 probably f ,w9*e/]4 #hf;b4 ,boetti*]3 ,hymns ( ! old ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,halle1 #ahea4 #hg499 ,joh4 ,f4 ,h4 ,s*loss]3 ,die ,kir*e 9 ihr5 ,li$]n dur* all ,jahrhund]te4 #b vols4 ,ma9z1 #ahea-eb4 ,second edition4 ,freiburg1 #ahfc4 ,translations )\t texts1 b "s valuable notes1 especially to lat] hymns4 ,! fir/ volume is devot$ to ! ,lat9 hymns1 & conta9s ! beautiful fragm5t ( a lo/ sequ5ce :i* ,s*loss] he>d f 8 bro!r 9 #ahab4 ,x repres5ts ! ,apo/le ,paul weep+ ov] ! grave ( ,virgil at ,puteoli3 ,ad ,m>onis mausoleum ,ductus1 fudit sup] eum ,piae rorem la*rymae3 ,quantum1 inquit1 te fecissem1 ,vivum si te inv5issem1 ,poet>um maxime4 ,dean ,/anley has translat$ x4 #hh;a499 ,j4 ,m4 ,neale3 ,hymni ,ecclesiae e ,brev>iis et ,missalibus ,gallicanis1 ,g]manis1 ,hispanis1 ,lusitanis1 desumpti4 ,ox=d1 #ahej4 #hh;b499 ,j4 ,m4 ,neale3 ,m$iaeval ,hymns & ,sequ5ces1 translat$ into ,engli%4 ,london1 #ahea4 ,a second edition 9 #ahfc4 #hh;c499 ,j4 ,m4 ,neale3 ,sequ5tiae ex ,missalibus ,g]manicis1 ,anglicis1 ,gallicis1 aliisque ,m$iaei ,aevi collectae4 ,london1 #aheb4 #hh;d499 ,j4 ,m4 ,neale & ,?os4 ,helmore3 ,a ,hymnal ,not$2 or ,translations ( ! ,anci5t ,hymns ( ! ,*ur* set to _! prop] ,melodies4 ,london1 #aheb4 ,^! f\r volumes are ! fir/ ( ,dr4 ,neale's2 b 9 ! pages ( ! ,ecclesiologi/1 bo? be=e & aft] ?is1 he 0 collect+ & publi%+ unnotic$ sequ5ces f ,engli% & ,cont95tal s\rces4 #hi499 ,c>d4 ,angelo ,mai3 ,nova ,patrum ,biblio!ca4 #f vols4 ,rome1 #aheb-ec4 ,vol4 ,i4 7,"p ,,ii1 pp4 #aii et seq47 conta9s unpubli%$ hymns supplem5t>y to ,?omasius4 #ij499 ,f4 ,j4 ,mone3 ,late9is*e ,hymn5 des ,mittelalt]s1 aus ,h&s*rift5 h]ausgegeb5 und erklrt4 ,9 ,drei ,bnde3 ,i1 ,gott und die ,engel2 ,,ii1 ,m>i5li$]2 ,,iii1 ,heilig5li$]4 #c ,vols4 ,freiburg1 #ahec4 ,mone's book appe>$ :ile ,daniel's ,!saurus 0 9 process ( publication4 ,! value ( x is 9 its arrangem5t1 = x gr\ps ! hymns1 8,to ,god & ! ,angels10 8,to ,m>y10 & 8,to ! ,sa9ts10 9 ?ree sep>ate volumes1 & ) "s reg>d to dates4 ,x also furni%es _m hymns & sequ5ces nev] previ\sly publi%$4 ,x is defici5t 9 ta/e1 & v ,roman ,ca?olic 9 its ideas4 ,sev]al ( ! be/ kn[n hymns--= example1 ! ,dies ,irae--are n f\nd 9 x4 ,daniel #e3e gives 9 a footnote a li/ ( ^! del9qu5cies1 embrac+ sixty ( ! mo/ anci5t & celebrat$ hymns & sequ5ces4 ,aside f ?is1 ,mone is a c>eful & admirable editor4 ,8 pages are well pr9t$1 & ! notes are 9 ,g]man in/ead ( ,lat94 ,mone 0 8,director ( ,ar*ives0 at ,c>lsruhe1 & di$ ,m>* #ab?1 #ahga4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #ia499 ,cl4 ,frantz3 ,ges*i*te d] gei/li*5 ,li$]texte vor d] ,re=mation mit besond]] ,beziehung auf ,deuts*l&4 ,halb]/adt1 #ahec4 #ib499 ,felix ,clm5t3 ,c>m9a e ,poetis ,*ri/ianis exc]pta4 ,p>isiis 7,gaume ,fratres71 #ahed4 #efd pp4 ,lat9 texts f ! f\r? to ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ) ,fr5* notes4 #ic499 ,kauff]3 ,jesus ,hymn54 ,sammlung altkir*li*] late9is*] ,gesnge mit frei] deuts*] ,ueb]setzung4 ,leipzig1 #ahed4 ,small1 b good4 ,! selections are admirable4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #id499 ,h4 ,n4 ,ox5ham3 ,! ,s5t5ce ( ,kaires1 & o!r ,poems4 ,london1 #ahed4 ,conta9s important translations1 z does ! foll[+3 #ie4 ,w4 ,j4 ,blew3 ,a ,*ur* ,hymn & ,tune ,book4 ,london1 ,riv+tons1 #ahee4 #if499 ,j4 ,h4 ,todd3 ,leabh> ,imnuihn4 ,! ,book ( ,hymns ( ! ,anci5t ,*ur* ( ,irel&4 ,edit$ f ! orig9al ,manuscript 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 ) ,translation & ,notes4 ,dubl9 7,iri% ,ar*aeological & ,celtic ,society71 #ahee & #ahfi4 #ig499 ,john ,david ,*amb]s 7,record] ( ,new ,s>um73 ,lauda ,syon3 ,anci5t ,lat9 ,hymns ( ! ,engli% & o!r ,*ur*es1 translat$ into correspond+ metres4 ,,ii4 ,p>ts4 ,london1 #aheg4 ,new edition1 #ahff4 #ig;a499 ,e>l ,nelson & o!rs3 ,! ,salisbury ,hymn-,book4 ,london1 #aheg4 #ih499 ,a4 ,f4 ,c4 ,vilm>3 ,spicilegium ,hymnologicum1 cont95s ,i1 ,hymnos vet]es in$itos et editorum lectionis v>ietatem2 ,,ii1 ,hymnorum vet]um qui apud ,evangelicos 9 ,l+uam ,g]manicam v]si usu v5]unt ,delectum4 ,m>burg1 #aheg4 #ii499 7,mrs4 ,e4 ,r4 ,*>les37 ,! ,voice ( ! ,*ri/ian ,life 9 ,song2 or ,hymns & ,hymn-,writ]s ( ,_m ,l&s & ,ages4 ,london1 #aheh2 ,new ,york1 #ahei4 ,v int]e/+--& n always accurate4 ,!re are no ,lat9 texts4 ,sev]al ( ! translations are excell5t4 ,six ( ! f\rte5 *apt]s are giv5 to ! ,lat9 hymns4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #ajj499 ,f]d4 ,bssl]3 ,auswahl alt*ri/li*] ,li$] vom #b-ae/5 ,jahrh4 ,b]l91 #aheh4 ,well *os5 & good4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #aja4 ,ans4 ,s*ubig]3 ,die ,sng]s*ule ,/4 ,gall5s vom a*t5 bis zwlft5 ,jahrhund]t4 ,e9 ,beitrag zur ,gesangges*i*te des ,mittelalt]s4 ,mil viel5 ,facsimile und ,beispiel54 ,e9si$eln und ,new ,york1 #aheh4 ,sixty texts ) ! old music & fac-similes4 #ajb4 ,gauti]3 ,oeuvres poetiques de ,adam de ,/4 ,victor4 ,p>is1 #aheh-ei4 #ajc499 ,john ,mason ,neale3 ,! ,rhy?m ( ,b]n>d de ,morlaix1 ,monk ( ,cluny1 on ! ,cele/ial ,c\ntry4 ,london1 #aheh4 ,six? edition1 #ahff4 ,! translation is repr9t$ by ,judge ,mott1 & by ,s*aff & ,gilman 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,religi\s ,poetry4 #ajd499 ,eb5ez] ,?omson3 ,a ,v9dication ( ! ,hymn ,te ,deum ,laudamus f ,errors & ,misrepres5tations ( a ,?\s& ,ye>s4 ,) ,translations into v>i\s ,languages1 anci5t & mod]n4 ,& a ,p>aphrase 9 ,old ,engli%1 n[ fir/ pr9t$ f ! orig9al ,,ms4 ,london1 #aheh4 #aje499 ,fr$]ick ,wilson3 ,sacr$ ,hymns2 *iefly f ,anci5t ,s\rces4 ,arrang$ accord+ to ! ,seasons ( ! ,*ur*4 ,philadelphia1 #ahei4 #ajf499 ,dies ,irae 9 ,?irte5 ,orig9al ,v]sions by ,abraham ,coles1 ,m4,d41 ,ph4,d4 ,new ,york1 #ahei4 ,f\r? edition1 #ahff4 ,dr4 ,coles is a practis+ physician ( ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j41 :o has translat$ ! ,dies ,irae "s sixte5 or sev5te5 times1 & has also giv5 v]sions ( ! ,/abat ,mat]1 ! ,rhy?m ( ,b]n>d ( ,cluny1 & o!r hymns4 ,! m]it ( ^! translations is slight2 b "o ( ! r5d]+s ( ! ,dies ,irae 0 introduc$ into ! ,plym\? ,collection ( ,hymns & ,tunes1 & two /anzas ga9$ curr5cy ?r\gh ,mrs4 ,/[e's novel ( ,uncle ,tom's ,cab94 ,dr4 ,coles has also comp>$ ! ,mantuan & ,roman texts ( ! ,dies ,irae1 & has giv5 ! results ( 8 inve/igation4 ,8 book has pass$ ?r\gh f\r or five editions4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #ajg499 7,john ,william ,hewett37 ,v]ses4 ,by a ,c\ntry ,curate4 ,a%by-de-la-,z\*e & ,london1 #ahei4 #ajh499 ,rev4 ,sir ,h5ry ,w4 ,bak] & o!rs3 ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n = use 9 ! ,s]vices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,london1 ,novello 7#ahfa74 ,new edition 9 #ahfh1 ) an ,app5dix1 :i* increas$ ! numb] ( hymns f two hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree to ?ree hundr$ & eighty-six4 ,revis$ & enl>g$ edition 9 #ahgd4 ,an edition annotat$ by ,rev4 ,l4 ,c4 ,biggs 9 #ahfg499 ,see ,no4 #acb4 #aji499 7,c4 ,b4 ,moll37 ,hymn>ium4 ,bl!n late9is*] ,kir*5poesie4 ,halle1 #ahfa4 ,an improv$ edition1 ) biographical notices ( ! au?ors1 9 #ahfh499 #aaj;a4 ,eu*>i/ic ,hymns3 n[ fir/ translat$4 ,edit$ by a ,committee ( ,cl]gy4 ,london1 #ahfb4 #aaj;b4 ,pray]s & ,m$itations on ! ,passion4 ,edit$ by a ,committee ( ,cl]gy4 ,london1 #ahfb4 ,conta9 translations ( ,lat9 hymns by ,l4 #aaa4 ,h4 ,tr5d3 ,a ,hymnal = ,use 9 ! ,s]vices ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,london1 ,riv+ton1 #ahfb4 ,translations f ! ,lat9 by ,dr4 ,tr5d & ,mr4 ,i4 ,c4 ,smi?4 #aab4 ,h]b]t ,kyna/on3 ,occasional ,hymns4 ,london1 #ahfb4 #aac;a4 ,! ,div9e ,liturgy4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,orby ,%ipley4 ,london1 ,ma/]s1 #ahfc4 #aac;b499 ,lyra ,eu*>i/ica3 ,hymns & ,v]ses on ! ,holy ,communion1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n2 ) o!r ,poems4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,orby ,%ipley4 ,london1 #ahfc4 #aac;c499 ,lyra ,messianica3 ,hymns & ,v]ses on ! ,life ( ,*ri/1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n2 ) o!r ,poems4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,orby ,%ipley4 ,london1 #ahfd4 ,a second edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 9 #ahfe499 #aac;d499 ,lyra ,my/ica3 ,hymns & ,v]ses on ,sacr$ ,subjects1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,orby ,%ipley4 ,london1 #ahfi4 ,^! f\r books1 compil$ :ile ,mr4 ,%ipley 0 /ill a cl]gyman ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 conta9 _m orig9al translations1 besides selections f o!r au?ors4 ,"s are excell5t1 b _m are m$iocre4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #aad4 ,p4 ,s4 ,worsley3 ,poems & ,translations4 ,ed9burgh1 ,blackwood1 #ahfc4 #aae499 ,philipp ,wack]nagel3 ,das deuts*e ,kir*5li$ von d] lte/5 ,zeit bis zu ,anfang des sieb5zehnt5 ,jahrhund]ts4 #e vols4 ,leipzig1 #ahfd-gg4 ,?is is ! greate/ "w except ,ko*'s 7:i* is m rec5t7 ^u ,g]man hymns4 ,9 ! fir/ volume1 :i* conta9s ,lat9 hymns only1 we f9d _m orig9als1 & "s texts :i* h be5 pr9t$ f ,,mss4 s\rces4 ,hymns by ,prote/ants are includ$4 ,! ord] is *ronological4 ,! notes are extremely valuable4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #aaf499 ,edw>d ,hobe93 ,bu* d] ,hymn54 ,aelt]e ,kir*5li$]1 aus dem ,late9is*5 b]trag54 ,s*w]91 #ahfd4 ,! ,lat9 text 7sixty-sev5 hymns7 at ! foot ( ! page4 ,! ord] is *ronological4 ,a second edition 9 #ahgj4 #aag499 ,g4 ,a4 ,knigsfeld3 ,late9is*e ,hymn5 und ,gesnge aus dem ,mittelalt]4 ,bonn1 #ahfe4 ,?is1 ) ! selection ( #ahdg1 contitutes a mo/ admirable an?ology ( texts translat$ into ,g]man v]se1 & ) notes & brief biographies4 ,knigsfeld is sub/antially accurate1 b he does n attempt any?+ v deep or orig9al4 ,! second volume conta9s a comm5datory lett] f ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #aah;a499 ,abraham ,coles3 ,/abat ,mat]3 ,hymn ( ! ,sorr[s ( ,m>y1 translat$4 ,new ,york1 #ahfe4 #aah;b499 ,abraham ,coles3 ,old ,gems 9 new ,sett+s1 compris+ ! *oice/ ( ! ,m$iaeval ,hymns1 ) orig9al ,translations4 ,new ,york1 #ahff4 ,conta9s ,dr4 ,tr5*'s c5to f ,b]n>d ( ,cluny1 ! ,v5i1 sancte ,spiritus1 ! ,v5i1 ,creator ,spiritus1 ! ,app>ebit rep5t9a1 & ! ,cur ,mundus militat1 ) v]sions4 ,^! two books & ! au?or's v]sions ( ! ,dies ,irae appe>$ 9 "o volume 9 ,new ,york1 #ahfg4 #aai499 ,sev5 ,great ,hymns ( ! ,m$iaeval ,*ur*4 ,new ,york1 #ahfe4 ,?is collection1 made by ,judge ,noyes1 includes ,dr4 ,neale's translation f ,b]n>d ( ,cluny1 ,engli% v]sions ( ! ,dies ,irae1 ! ,mat] ,speciosa1 ! ,/abat ,mat]1 ! ,v5i ,sancte1 ! ,v5i ,creator1 & ! ,vexilla ,regis4 ,! orig9als are giv54 ,! book1 ?\gh q small1 has be5 extremely popul>1 & !re h be5 "s sev5 editions4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #abj;a4 ,?4 ,j4 ,mi*ael3 ,diss]tatiuncula de ,hymno 8,te ,deum laudamus10 praemissis paucis de ,poeseos hymnicae vet]is ,hi/ori4 ,zittau1 #ahfe4 #abj;b499 ,?4 ,j4 ,mi*ael3 ,diss]tatio de ,sequ5tia ,m$iae ,aetatis 8,dies ,irae1 ,dies ,illa40 ,qu>to4 ,zittau1 #ahff4 #aba499 ,songs ( ,praise & ,poems ( ,devotion 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,c5turies4 ,) an introduction by ,h5ry ,coppe1 ,pr(essor ( ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,philadelphia1 ,e4 ,h4 ,butl] ,co41 #ahff4 ,notable = translations made by ! late ,rev4 ,e4 ,a4 ,wa%burn1 ,d4 ,d41 an accompli%$ & elegant s*ol>1 ^: v]sions are among ! be/4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #abb499 ,john ,mason ,neale3 ,hymns on ! ,glories & ,joys ( ,p>adise4 ,translat$ or edit$4 ,london1 #ahfe4 ,second edition1 #ahff4 #abc499 ,h4 ,n4 ,s*lett]]3 ,ueb]si*tli*e ,d>/ellung d] ,ges*i*te d] kir*li*5 ,di*tung und gei/li*5 ,musik4 ,nrdl+51 #ahff4 #abd4 ,j4 ,kays]3 ,beitrge zur ,ges*i*te und ,erklrung d] ,kir*5hymn54 ,drei ,hefte4 ,pad]born1 #ahff-fi4 #abe499 ,ed4 ,emil ,ko*3 ,ges*i*te des ,kir*5li$s und ,kir*5gesangs d] *ri/li*51 inbesond]s d] deuts*5 evangelis*5 ,kir*e4 ,?ird edition4 #h vols4 ,/uttg>t1 #ahff-fi4 ,x is 9 ?is la/ edition t ,ko* gives consid]able space to ! ,lat9 hymns1 :i* got ab\t fifty pages 9 8 second edition1 9 #d volumes1 #aheb-ec4 #abf499 ,samuel ,w4 ,duffield3 ,! ,heav5ly ,l&1 f ! ,de ,contemptu ,mundi ( ,b]n>d de ,morlaix1 monk ( ,cluny 7,x,i,ith c5tury71 r5d]$ into correspond+ ,engli% v]se4 ,new ,york1 #ahfg4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ attempt to r5d] ! c5to prep>$ by ,tr5* into ! rhy?m ( ! orig9al4 #abg499 ,era/us ,c4 ,b5$ict3 ,! ,hymn ( ,hildeb]t & o!r ,m$iaeval ,hymns1 ) ,translations4 ,new ,york1 #ahfg4 ,*ancellor ,b5$ict 7ob4 #ahgh7 0 a judge 9 ,new ,york1 equally respect$ = 8 atta9m5ts z a juri/ & 8 "* z a man & a ,*ri/ian4 ,?is volume conta9s sev5te5 hymns1 ) translations1 includ+ ?ree ( ! ,dies ,irae4 ,he contribut$ _m o!rs to ! columns ( ! ,*ri/ian ,intellig5c]1 includ+ a translation ( ! long hymn1 or r s]ies ( hymns1 on ! ,epiphany by ,prud5tius4 #abh499 ,h]mann ,adalb]t ,daniel3 ,die ,kir*weih-,hymn5 ,*ri/e cunctorum ,dom9ator alme4 ,urbs beata ,hirusalem4 ,pp4 #bd1 great qu>to4 ,halle1 #ahfg4 ,a def5ce ( 8 view t ! =m] hymn 0 n writt5 = a *ur* d$ication1 b _h be5 conv]t$ to t use by add+ ?ree v]ses4 ,x is 9 reply to a diss]tation by ,pr(essor ,hugo ,lmm]1 :o _h publi%$ a diss]tation3 ,coele/is ,urbs ,i]usalem3 ,aphorism5 neb/ ,beilage4 ,breslau1 #ahff4 #abi499 ,p4 ,gall ,morel3 ,late9is*e ,hymn5 des ,mittelalt]s1 grs/5!ils aus ,h&s*rift5 ,s*weiz]is*] ,kl/]1 als ,na*trag zu ,hymn5sammlung5 von ,mone1 ,daniel und ,&]n h]ausgegeb54--,e9si$eln1 ,new ,york und ,c9c9nati1 ,b5zig]s1 #ahfh4 ,bas$ on an exam9ation ( "o hundr$ & ?irty-six manuscripts1 *iefly f ,rhe9au1 ,e9si$eln1 & ,engelb]g4 ,edit$ 9 ! /yle ( ,mone1 :o inde$ sugge/$ ! "w1 b )\t annotations ( any ext5t4 #abi;b4 ,p4 ,baur3 ,cantiones selectae ex vet]e ,psalt]iola ,rev4 ,patrum ,societatis ,jesu1 cum ,modis musicis4 ,aa*51 #ahfh4 #abi;c4 ,j4 ,pauly3 ,hymni ,brevi>ii ,romani4 ,zum gebrau*e fr ,kl]ik] b]setzt und erklrt4 #c p>ts4 ,aa*51 #ahfh-gj4 #acj499 ,t4 ,g4 ,cripp53 ,anci5t ,hymns & ,poems4 ,*iefly f ! ,lat94 ,translat$ & ,imitat$4 ,london1 #ahfh4 #aca4 ,k>l ,b>ts*3 ,die late9is*e ,sequ5z5 des ,mittelalt]s 9 musicalis*] und rhy?mis*] ,beziehung d>ge/ellt4 ,ro/ock1 #ahfh4 ,k>l ,fri$ri* ,b>ts* 0 a philologi/ equally em95t 9 ! ,g]manic & ! ,romance fields1 & 0 pr(essor at ,ro/ock4 ,he di$ 9 #ahhh4 #acb499 ,rev4 ,sir ,h5ry ,bak] & o!rs3 ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 = use 9 ! ,s]vices ( ! ,*ur*2 ) ,annotations1 ,orig9als1 ,ref]5ces1 ,au?ors' & ,translators' ,names1 etc4 ,re-edit$ by ,rev4 ,l\is ,c\ti] ,biggs4 ,london1 #ahfh4 #acc499 ,a4 ,?i]feld]3 ,de ,*ri/ianorum ,psalmis et ,hymnis usque ad ,ambrosii ,tempora4 ,leipzig1 #ahfh4 #acd499 ,philip ,s*aff3 1 ,*ri/ 9 ,song4 ,hymns ( ,immanuel4 ,select$ f all ,ages1 ) ,notes4 ,new ,york1 #ahfi4 ,conta9s translations ( sev5ty-?ree ,lat9 hymns by v>i\s au?ors1 "s ( !m by ! editor4 #ace499 ,h4 ,m4 ,s*lett]]3 ,ges*i*te d] gei/li*5 ,di*tung und kir*li*5 ,tonkun/ vom ,beg9ne des ,*ri/5?ums bis zum ,anfange des elft5 ,jahrhund]ts4 ,mit e9] ,e9leitung b] die ,poesie und ,musik d] alt5 ,vlk]4 ,hannov]1 #ahfi4 ,meant to be ! fir/ "p ( a hi/ory com+ d[n to our own times1 b n cont9u$4 ,! au?or 0 a musician by pr(ession--,kapellmei/] at ,augsburg--s 8 int]e/ is *iefly 9 ! musical hi/ory4 ,b he gives a good deal ( in=mation ab\t ! hymns & _! writ]s1 & app5ds translations ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 by v>i\s ,g]man au?ors4 #acf499 ,j4 ,keble3 ,miscellane\s ,poems4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahfi4 #acg499 ,late9is*e ,hymn5 aus angebli*5 ,liturgi5 des ,tempelord5s4 ,kritis* und exegetis* be>beitet von ,dr4 ,h]mann ,hoefig4 ,p>*im1 #ahgj4 ,a curiosity4 ,! elev5 hymns are p>tly *ur* hymns1 adapt$ to ! al*emico-my/ical ideas :i* p]vad$ ! ord] ( ! ,templ>s 9 its la/ ye>s1 & p>tly lam5tations ov] ! fall ( ,j]usalem & o!r calamities ( ! k+dom ( ,j]usalem4 #ach499 ,david ,t4 ,morgan3 ,hymns ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*4 ,translat$2 ) ! orig9als app5d$4 ,privately pr9t$ 7,london71 #ahga4 ,my own copy 0 pres5t$ by ! au?or 9 autograph to ,james ,appleton ,morgan1 & be>s ! latt]'s book-plate4 ,! range ( selections is mod]ate2 ! execution ( ! v]sions is fair1 & ! text is well edit$4 ,!re are num]\s corrections & improvem5ts made 9 ! au?or's h&writ+4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #aci499 ,*>les ,bu*anan ,pe>son3 ,sequ5ces f ! ,s>um ,missal4 ,london1 #ahga4 ,9 ! preface is a good description ( ! ,sequ5ce & its orig94 ,! book is useful & well edit$4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #adj4 ,cl4 ,brockhaus3 ,aurelius ,prud5tius ,clem5s 9 se9] ,b$eutung fr die ,kir*e se9] ,zeit4 ,neb/ ,ueb]setzung des ,g$i*tes ,apo!osis4 ,leipzig1 #ahgb4 #ada499 ,w4 ,h4 ,od5heim] & ,fr$4 ,m4 ,bird3 ,songs ( ! ,_s4 ,new ,york1 #ahga4 ,tw5ty-?ree translations ( ,lat9 hymns1 ) a mu* l>g] numb] ( ,engli%4 #adb499 ,joseph ,kehre93 ,late9is*e ,sequ5z5 des ,mittelalt]s aus ,h&s*rift5 und ,druck54--,ma9z1 #ahgc4 ,?is late/ collection ( ! orig9al texts ( ! hymns is prep>$ by "o ( ! mo/ pati5t & labori\s ( s*ol>s4 ,b !re is sc>cely to be f\nd 9 x a s+le sp>k ( ! div9e fire4 ,x is fill$1 on ! contr>y1 ) ! scoriae & a%es ( mona/ic illit]acy4 ,x conta9s eight hundr$ & n9ety-five hymns--few ( :i* are famili> & _m ( :i* are /rictly unnecess>y4 ,! classification & especially ! gloss>y ( m$iaeval ,lat9 words c be highly comm5d$4 ,x is conf9$ to 8sequ5ces10 b ?is ^w is us$ 9 s loose a s5se z to include _m regul>ly =m$ hymns along ) ! rhy?mical proses4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #adc499 ,edw>d ,caswall3 ,hymns & ,poems1 ,orig9al & ,translat$4 ,second edition1 #ahgc4 #add4 ,s4 ,g4 ,pimont3 ,les ,hymnes du ,brvaire roma9e4 tudes critiques1 littraires et my/iques4 ,,iii4 ,tomes4 ,p>is1 #ahgd-hd4 #ade499 ,ad4 ,eb]t3 ,allgeme9e ,ges*i*te d] ,lit]atur des ,mittelalt]s im ,ab5dl&e4 #c vols4 ,leipzig1 #ahgd-hg4 ,see especially ! ?ird book ( ,vol4 ,i42 & ,vol4 ,,ii41 :i* embraces ! age ( ,*>les ! ,great & 8 successors4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #adf499 ,f4 ,a4 ,m>*3 ,lat9 ,hymns1 ) ,engli% ,notes4 ,= use 9 s*ools & colleges4 ,new ,york1 #ahge & #ahhc4 ,?is is ! fir/ volume ( ! 8,d\glass ,s]ies ( ,*ri/ian ,classics = ,s*ools & ,colleges40 ,pr(essor ,m>*'s text is c>efully edit$2 8 selections are wisely made1 & 8 notes are judici\s4 ,?is is ! *eape/1 fulle/1 & be/ "w1 if ! ,lat9 texts are desir$4 ,x conta9s no translations1 & x s f> mi/akes its scope & purpose z to give space to ,mr4 ,glad/one's v]sion ( ,rock ( ,ages1 & ,philip ,buttmann's r5d]+ ( ,lu!r's ,e9' fe/e ,burg4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #adg4 ,j4 ,hm]3 ,unt]su*ung5 b] d5 iambis*5 ,dimet] bei d5 *ri/li*5-late9is*5 ,hymn5di*t]n4 ,vi5na1 #ahgf4 #adh499 7,ri*4 ,f4 ,littl$ale37 ,! ,p's ,hymnal4 ,london1 #ahgg4 #adi499 ,lyra ,sacra ,hib]nica1 compil$ & edit$ by ,rev4 ,w4 ,mac,ilwaine1 ,d4,d4 ,belfa/ 7#ahgh74 ,second edition1 #ahgi4 ,an unusually poetic & capital volume4 ,x embraces sev]al translations ( e>ly hymns1 & conta9s ! ,lat9 ( ! ,hymn ( ,columba1 ! ,lorica ,s4 ,patricii 9 a ,lat9 v]sion1 ! ,sancti ,v5ite1 & ! ,hymn ( ,s$ulius4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #aej499 ,frank ,foxcr(t3 ,resurgit3 ,a ,collection ( ,hymns & ,songs ( ! ,resurrection4 ,edit$ ) ,notes4 ,) an ,introduction by ,&rew ,pre/on ,peabody1 ,d4,d4 ,bo/on & ,new ,york1 #ahgi4 #aea4 ,j4 ,hm]3 ,unt]su*ung5 b] die lte/5 late9is*5 *ri/li*5 ,rhy?m54 ,vi5na1 #ahgi4 #aeb;a4 ,e4 ,dumml]3 ,poetae ,lat9i ,aevi ,c>ol9i4 ,b]l91 #ahhj-hd4 #b vols4 ,conta9s also hymns4 ,,ii41 p4 #bdd-eh4 #aeb;b4 ,e4 ,dumml]3 ,ry?morum ,ecclesia/icorum ,aevi ,c>ol9i ,specim54 ,b]l91 #ahha4 #aec499 ,philip ,s*aff & ,ar?ur ,gilman3 ,a ,libr>y ( ,religi\s ,poetry4 ,a ,collection ( ! be/ ,poems ( all ,ages & all ,tongues4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,pp4 #ajcf1 lexicon octavo4 ,new ,york1 #ahhj4 ,conta9s _m ( ! f9e/ translations ( ! ,lat9 hymns4 #aed499 ,digby ,s4 ,wrangham3 ,! ,liturgical ,poetry ( ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor4 #c vols4 ,london1 #ahha4 ,mr4 ,wrangham has compil$--pr9cipally f ,gauti]--! v>i\s poems attribut$ to ?is au?or4 ,he has giv5 translation & text ^u opposite pages1 b adds no?+ to our k by any special s*ol>%ip4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #aee499 ,joh4 ,kays]3 ,beitrge zur ,ges*i*te und ,erklrung d] lte/5 ,kir*5hymn54 ,second edition4 ,pad]born1 #ahha 7#dgg pp474 ,?is is ! late/ ,g]man contribution to ! criticism ( ! e>lie/ hymns4 ,x is a s]ies ( monographs on ^! & _! au?ors4 ,x comes d[n only to ! six? c5tury1 & closes ) ,=tunatus4 ,see also 8 article1 8,d] ,text des ,hymnus ,/abat ,mat] ,dolorosa10 9 ! ,tb+5 ,!ologis*e ,qu>tals*rift = #ahhd1 ,no4 ,i41 pp4 #he-ajc4 ,s4 ,w4 ,d4 #aef499 7,n4 ,b4 ,smi!rs37 ,translations ( eight ,lat9 ,hymns ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,dov]1 ,del41 #ahha4 #aeg499 ,josef ,sitt>d3 ,comp5dium d] ,ges*i*te d] ,kir*5musik mit besond]] ,b]*si*tigung des kir*li*5 ,gesanges4 ,von ,ambrosius zur ,neuzeit4 ,/uttg>t1 #ahha4 #aeg4 ,o4 ,z>detti3 ,die kir*li*e ,sequ5z4 ,freiburg1 #ahhb4 #aeh;a4 ,j4 ,b4 ,haureau3 ,melanges potiques d',hildeb]t de ,lav>d94 ,p>is1 #ahhb4 #aeh;b4 ,j4 ,b4 ,haureau3 8,pomes lat9es attribues a ,/4 ,b]n>d40 ,9 ! ,j\rnal des ,savants1 ,febr4-,juli1 #ahhb4 #aei;a4 8,m$iaeval ,hymns0 9 ! ,qu>t]ly ,review = #ahhb4 ,repr9t$ 9 ,littell's ,liv+ ,age ( same ye>4 #aei;b4 ,n4 ,mac,neil3 8,lat9 ,hymns ( ! ,celtic ,*ur*10 9 ! ,ca?olic ,presbyt]ian = #ahhc4 #afj4 ,anselm ,salz]3 ,die *ri/li*e rmis*e ,hymn5poesie4 ,brnn1 #ahhc4 #afa499 7,w4 ,w4 ,newton37 ,voices f a busy ,life2 or ,selections f ! ,poetical ,works ( ! late ,edw>d ,a4 ,wa%burn1 ,d4,d4 ,new ,york1 #ahhc4 ,pp4 #abb-hf3 8,anci5t ,*ri/ian ,hymns40 #afb499 ,johannes ,l9ke3 ,die ,hymn5 des ,hil>ius und ,ambrosius v]deuts*t4 ,bielefeld und ,leipzig1 #ahhd4 ,?is little volume ( #aid pages1 #abmo1 is int5d$ to be ! fir/ ( a s]ies furni%+ translations 7) ! ,lat9 texts en reg>d7 ( ! hymns ( ! ,e>ly ,*ur*4 ,9 ! preface ,dr4 ,l9ke ann\nces 8 purpose to br+ out a new ,!saurus ,hymnorum1 bas$ on ! labors ( ,daniel1 ,neale1 ,mone1 & ,morel1 & on an exam9ation ( ab\t a hundr$ unus$ manuscripts4 ,he reg>ds ,wack]nagel z ! be/ editor ( ! texts1 & z *>act]iz$ by ! f9e/ critical in/9ct 9 det]m9+ au?or%ip4 ,z he & ,wack]nagel agree 9 assign+ ! ,ad coeli cl>a to ,hil>y1 !re is room = a diff]5ce ( op9ion4 #afc499 ,annus ,sanctus4 ,hymns ( ! ,*ur* = ! ,ecclesia/ical ,ye>4 ,translat$ f ! ,sacr$ ,(fices by v>i\s ,au?ors1 ) ,mod]n1 ,orig9al & o!r ,hymns1 & an ,app5dix ( ,e>li] ,v]sions4 ,select$ & ,arrang$ by ,orby ,%ipley1 ,m4,a4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,seasons ( ! ,*ur*3 ,canonical ,h\rs3 & ,hymns ( our ,"l4 ,pp4 #ddc1 #abmo4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahhd4 ,important = ! translations by ,engli% ,roman ,ca?olics f ! ,re=mation to our own times4 #afd499 ,! ,ca?olic ,hymnal2 conta9+ ,hymns = ,congregational & ,home ,use1 & ! ,vesp] ,psalms1 ! ,(fice ( ! ,compl9e1 ! ,litanies1 ,hymns at ,b5$iction1 etc4 ,! ,tunes by ! ,rev4 ,alfr$ ,"y1 prie/ ( ! ,congregation ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,! ,words orig9al & select$4 ,new ,york ,ca?olic ,publication ,co41 #ahhd4 #afe499 ,! ,roman ,hymnal4 ,a ,complete ,manual ( ,engli% ,hymns & ,lat9 ,*ants = ! ,use ( ,congregations1 ,s*ools1 ,colleges & ,*oirs4 ,compil$ & arrang$ by ,rev4 ,j4 ,b4 ,"y1 ,s4 ,j4 ,new ,york & ,c9c9nati1 ,fr4 ,pu/et ,co41 #ahhd4 #aff4 ,a4 ,me9]s3 ,die ,trop51 ,pros5 und ,prfationsgesnge des fei]li*5 ,ho*amtes im ,mittelalt]4 ,aus drei ,h&s*rift5 d] ,abtei5 ,prm und ,e*t]na*4 ,luxemburg1 #ahhd4 #afg4 ,bonif4 ,wolff & o!rs3 ,/udi5 und ,mit!ilung5 aus dem ,b5$ict4-,ord54 ,s9ce #ahhd4 #afh;a4 ,leo ,,xiii3 ,c>m9a4 ,rome1 #ahhe4 #afh;b499 ,leo ,,xiii3 ,lat9 ,poems done into ,engli% ,v]se1 by ! ,jesuits ( ,wood/ock ,college4 ,publi%$ ) ! ,approbation ( 8 ,hol9ess4 ,baltimore1 #ahhf4 #afi4 ,j4 ,l9ke3 ,specim5 hymnologicum de ,fontibus ,hymnorum ,lat9orum ,fe/um ,d$icationis ,ecclesiae celebrantium4 ,pp4 #bd1 great #hvo4 ,leipzig1 #ahhf4 #agj4 ,j4 ,hm]3 8,zur ,ges*i*te d] mittellate9is*5 ,di*tung0 9 ! ,romanis*e ,=s*ung5 = #ahhf4 #aga4 ,p4 ,ragey3 ,sancti ,anselmi ,m>iale seu ,lib] ,precum ,metric>um ad beatam ,virg9em1 primum ex manuscriptis codicibus typis manadatum4 ,london1 #ahhf4 #agb4 ,aug4 ,rsl]3 ,d] ka?olis*] ,di*t] ,aurelius ,prud5tius ,clem5s4 ,e9 ,beitrag zur ,kir*5- und ,dogm5ges*i*te des vi]t5 und fnft5 ,jahrhund]t54 ,freiburg1 #ahhf4 #agc4 ,g4 ,e4 ,klemm+3 ,hymni1 sequ5tiae et piae cantiones 9 ,regno ,sueciae olim usitatae4 ,pp4 #ahf1 #hvo4 ,/ockholm1 #ahhf4 #agd4 ,guido ,m>ia ,dreves3 ,analecta hymnica ,m$ii ,aevi4 ,i4 ,cantiones ,bohemicae3 ,lei*e1 ,li$] und ,rufe des #ac41 #ad41 und #ae4 ,jahrhund]ts1 na* ,h&s*rift5 aus ,prag1 ,ji/ebnicz1 ,will+au1 ,hoh5furt und ,teg]nsee4 ,,ii4 ,hymn>ius ,moissiac5sis3 ,das ,hymn> d] ,abtei ,moissac im #aj4 ,jahrhund]t1 na* e9] ,h&s*rift d] ,rossiana4 ,im ,anhang3 7a7 ,c>m9a s*ol>ium ,camp5sium1 7b7 ,cantiones ,vissegrad5ses4 ,,iii4 ,conradus ,gemnic5sis3 ,konrads von ,haimburg und se9] ,na*am]1 ,alb]ts von ,prag und ,ulri*s von ,wessobrun1 ,reimgebete und ,leseli$]4 ,,iv4 ,liturgis*e ,hymn5 des ,mittelalt]s aus h&s*riftli*5 ,brev>i51 ,antiphonali5 und ,processionali54 ,f\r volumes4 ,leipzig1 #ahhf-ahhh4 #age499 ,corolla ,hymnorum ,sacrorum1 be+ a ,selection ( ,lat9 ,hymns ( ! ,e>ly & ,middle ,ages4 ,translat$ by ,john ,"l ,hayes1 ,,ll4,d4 ,pp4 #baa4 ,bo/on1 #ahhg4 7,) ! texts en reg>d47 #agf4 ,h4 ,breidt3 ,de ,aurelio ,prud5tio ,clem5te ,horatii ,imitatore4 ,heidelb]g1 #ahhg4 #agg4 ,ad4 ,me9]s3 ,unbekannte ,trop5-gesnge des fei]li*5 ,messamtes im ,mittelalt]1 neb/ e9ig5 ,melodi5 d] ,kyri5trop54 ,gesammelt aus ungefhr fnfzig ,h&s*rift5 des #aj-act5 ,jahrhund]t5 9 d5 ,biblio!k5 zu ,p>is1 ,brssel1 ,london1 und ,a4 ,luxemburg1 #ahhg4 #agh4 ,n4 ,gihr3 ,die ,sequ5z5 des rmis*5 ,messbu*es dogmatis* und ascetis* erklrt4 ,freiburg1 #ahhg4 #agi499 ,f4 ,w4 ,e4 ,ro?3 ,late9is*e ,hymn5 des ,mittelalt]s4 ,als ,na*trag zu d5 ,hymn5sammlung5 von ,daniel1 ,mone1 ,vilm> und ,g4 ,morel1 aus ,h&s*rift5 und ,incunabeln h]ausgegeb54 ,pp4 #age1 great #hvo4 ,augsburg1 #ahhh4 #ahj4 ,j4 ,l9ke3 8,runds*au auf dem ,gebiete d] ,late9is*5 ,hymnologie0 9 f\r articles 9 8 & ,dr4 ,a4 ,f4 ,w4 ,fis*]'s p]iodical1 ,bltt] fr ,hymnologie4 ,leipzig1 #ahhh4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,,index ,,to ,,translat$ ,,hymns4 ,among ! labors ( prep>ation :i* ,mr4 ,duffield und]took z prelim9>y to ?is book1 ! mo/ unique 0 8 manuscript 8,li/ ( ! ,lat9 ,hymns10 z f\nd 9 all ! collections accessible to him1 f ,cli*tove to ,kehre91 ) ref]5ces to ! au?or%ip1 ! age1 & ! s\rces ( ea*2 toge!r ) notes ( ! names ( ,engli% translators4 ,x 0 8 int5tion t ! li/ %\ld =m an integral "p ( 8 book2 b z x conta9s betwe5 f\r & five ?\s& ref]5ces by fir/ l9es1 x w\ld make a book ( itself1 & x is ! hope ( ! editor to secure its sep>ate publication 9 t =m4 ,! "w co/ s mu* pati5t labor1 & is 9 itself s valuable to hymnological /ud5ts1 t x w\ld be a pity if x 7 n made /ill m complete1 & giv5 to ! public at an e>ly date4 ,x seem$ be/ n to include ! li/ 9 all its bulk 9 ?is "w1 b to make f x a selection ( ^? hymns :i* h f\nd favor 9 ! eyes ( ,engli% translators1 & to pr9t !m ) ! names ( ! translators4 ,^! are n "o 9 five ( ! :ole numb] ( ,lat9 hymns1 b !y con/itute ! be/ ( !m1 & !y are ^? :i* are mo/ likely to be ( use & int]e/ to our read]s4 ,^! eight hundr$ & sev5ty hymns1 reca/s ( hymns1 & portions ( hymns :i* translators h treat$ z :oles1 are a body ( sacr$ song :i* w be> comp>ison ) any o!r 9 ! _w1 ei!r z reg>ds l(t9ess ( devotion1 weight ( ?\ght1 or excell5ce z poetry4 ,& 9 no respect has our ,engli% hymnody be5 m enri*$ dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s ?an by ! felicit\s v]sions made by ,briti% & ,am]ican translators1 f ,*&l]'s to our own days4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! "n ( ! au?or1 or ! s\rce1 or at lea/ ! date ( ea* hymn1 is giv5 on ! left side ( ! li/4 ,?is is foll[$ by ! fir/ l9e ( ! hymn1 & :]e sev]al hymns beg9 ne>ly alike1 en\gh is giv5 to id5tify ea*4 ,aft] ?is comes ! ref]5ce to ! s\rce :]e ! hymn is to be f\nd1 if ?is be kn[n to ! editor4 ,:]e x is giv5 9 any volume ( ,daniel's great "w1 t is ref]r$ to by ,roman & ,arabic num]als simply1 )\t repetition ( 8 "n4 ,9 e case :]e x is to be f\nd 9 ,newman's ,hymni ,ecclesiae1 or ,tr5*'s ,sacr$ ,lat9 ,poetry1 or ,m>*'s ,lat9 ,hymns1 ?is is indicat$1 z ^! are ! collections mo/ accessible to ,am]ican /ud5ts g5]ally4 ,!n foll[ 9 ,italics ! names ( ! translator or translators1 ei!r on ! same l9e1 or on ! l9es bel[4 ,! use ( an a/]isk 7997 indicates t ?is is a reca/ ( an old] hymn4 ,! *apt] ( 8,bibliographical ,notes0 w furni% ! prop] ref]5ce to ! s\rces ( ! translations 9 mo/ cases4 ,x is necess>y to specify a few :i* are n giv5 !re4 ,rev4 ,john ,anketell's translations are giv5 mo/ly 9 ,! ,*ur* ,review = #ahgf & #ahgg4 ,= ^? ( ,dr4 ,b5son1 ,h4 ,r4 ,b41 ,c4 ,i4 ,black1 ,e4 ,l4 ,bl5k9sopp1 ,w4 ,c4 ,c41 ,j4 ,m4 ,h41 ,dr4 ,littl$ale1 ,m41 ,a4 ,m4 ,m41 ,o4 ,c4 ,p41 ,j4 ,g4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,?ompson1 ,j4 ,s4 ,tute1 ,r4 ,e4 ,e4 ,w41 see ,mr4 ,orby ,%ipley's ?ree ,lyras4 ,= translations by ,prior ,aylw>d1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,be/e1 ,"l ,braye1 ,john ,dryd5 7871 & o!r v]sions f ! old ,ca?olic ,prim]s & ,ev5+ ,(fices1 ,j4 ,c4 ,e>le1 ,provo/ ,hus5be?1 ,*>les ,k5t1 ,c>d9al ,newman1 ,pr(essor ,pott]1 ,fa!r ,ryd]1 ,a4 ,d4 ,wack]b>?1 & ,dr4 ,wallace1 see ,mr4 ,%ipley's ,annus ,sanctus4 ,= translations by ,dr4 ,littl$ale1 ,b41 ,f41 ,d4 ,l41 ,a4 ,l4 ,p41 ,f4 ,r41 & ,b4 ,t41 see ,! ,p's ,hymnal 7#ahgg72 = ^? ( ,mr4 ,s+leton1 see ,! ,anglican ,hymn-,book 7#ahfh72 = ^? ( ,mr4 ,blew1 see 8 ,*ur* ,hymn & ,tune ,book 7#ahea & #ahee72 = ^? ( ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,copel&1 see 8 ,hymns = ! ,week & = ! ,seasons 7#ahdh74 ,= ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,b4 ,hope's1 see 8 ,hymns ( ! ,*ur* ,lit]ally ,translat$ 7#ahdd71 an attempt to sub/itute classic metre = rhyme4 ,h4 ,a4 ,m4 /&s = ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 :i* is specifi$ :]e ! translation is mat]ially alt]$ by ! compil]s1 z well z :]e an orig9al v]sion has be5 suppli$4 ,h4 ,a4 /&s = ! ,hymn>ium ,anglicanum1 or ! ,anci5t ,hymns ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ,translat$ f ! ,salisbury ,brevi>y 7#ahdd74 ,( ,dr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson's hymns sev]al 7 contribut$ to ,dr4 ,s*aff's 8,*ri/ 9 ,song10 b !y h n appe>$ sep>ately 9 book =m4 ,! same is true ( ,dr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,mc,kenzie's1 :i* h appe>$ *iefly 9 ! columns ( two ,bo/on weeklies--,! ,beacon & ,! ,wat*man4 ,we are glad to le>n t !y are to be collect$4 ,to ,mr4 ,anketell1 ,dr4 ,?ompson1 ,dr4 ,mc,kenzie1 ,pr(essor ,s4 ,h>t1 ( ,h>t=d1 ,mr4 ,/ryk] & ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,a4 ,esl]1 ,i am indebt$ = li/s ( _! translations4 ,e>ly ,iri% ,ad coeli cl>a non sum ,,iv4 #abg1 #cfh4 dignus4 ,m>*4--,duffield 7"p71 ,h>t4 ,ambrosian ,ad co5am ,agni providi4 ,i4 #hh1 ,,iv4 #gc1 #cec4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s1 ,neale1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,*>les1 ,morgan1 ,anketell4 ,prud5tius ,ades1 ,pat] supreme4 ,bjorn4--,bp4 ,patrick1 ,neale4 ,nic4 le ,t\rneux ,ade/e coelitum *ori4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,blew1 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 ,littl$ale1 ,*&l]1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,x,vth or ,x,v,ith ,ade/e fideles4 ,briggs4--,caswall1 ,campbell1 ,c5tury4 ,oakeley1 ,m]c]1 ,neale1 ,e>le1 ,anketell1 ,s*aff1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,esl+4 ,jean ,santeul ,ade/e sanctae conjuges4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,x,i,vth ,c5tury ,ade/o sancta ,tr9itas4 ,,iv4 #bcd4--;,*amb]s1 ,neale1 ,pott4 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,ade/e sancti plurimo4 ,zabuesnig4--,caswall4 ,x,i,i,ith ,c5tury ,ad laudes ,salvatoris4 ,v4 #adi4--,s4 ,m4 ,guill4 de la ,ad nuptias ,agni ,pat]4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,brunetire4 ,williams4 ,?os4 ,aqu9as ,adoro ,te devote1 lat5s ,i4 #bee4 ,m>*4--,caswall1 ,deitas4 ,*amb]s1 ,neale1 ,wood=d1 ,hewett1 ,aylw>d1 ,o',hagan1 ,walwor?1 ,william ,palm]1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,anketell4 ,pet] ,damiani ,ad p]5nis vitae fontem4 ,i4 #aaf1 ,,iv4 #bjc4 ,m>*1 ,tr5*4--,anon4 #afca1 ,anon4 #afgi1 ,sylve/]1 ,caswall1 ,neale1 ,kyna/on1 ,*>les1 ,littl$ale1 ,morgan1 ,hayes1 ,wack]b>?1 ,anketell1 ,banks1 ,j4 ,dayman4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,ad regias ,agni dapes4 ,i4 #hh4 ,newman1 ,m>*4--,bp4 ,williams1 ,caswall1 ,ox5ham1 ,campbell1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,pott]1 ,hus5be?1 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 ,esl+1 ,b5$ict1 ,mant1 ,copel&1 ,s+leton4 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,adsis sup]ne ,spiritus4 ,newman4--,bl5k9sopp1 ,i4 ,williams4 #ddi ,?os4 ,kempis ,ad/ant angelorum *ori4 ,tr5*1 ,m>*4--,*>les1 ,wa%burn1 ,mc,gill1 ,h4 ,m4 ,c41 ,anon4 ,v,ith-,i,xth ,c5tury4 ,adsunt t5ebrae primae4 ,i4 #aii1 ,,iv4 #eg4--;,blew4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,ad templa nos rursus vocat4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,*&l]1 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s4 ,?os4 ,kempis ,adv]sa mundi tol]a4 ,,ii4 #cgi4 ,m>*4--,b5$ict1 ,anketell1 ,duffield1 ,caswall4 ,x,i,vth ,c5tury ,ae/imavit ortolanum4 ,i4 #cab4 ,newman4--,neale4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,aet]na ,*ri/i mun]a1 ,i4 #bg4--;,caswall1 ,f4 ,r41 ,apo/olorum4 ,hope1 ,*amb]s1 ,neale1 ,mant1 ,wood=d4 ,ambrosius ,aet]na ,*ri/i mun]a1 ,et ,i4 #bg4 ,m>*1 m>tyrum4 ,tr5*4--,*amb]s1 ,mc,gill1 ,copel&1 ,campbell1 ,wa%burn4 ,ambrosian ,aet]na coeli gloria4 ,i4 #ee1 ,,iv4 #dj4--,prim]1 #aede & #aeei1 ,mant1 ,caswall1 ,campbell1 ,newman1 ,h4 ,a41 ,bp4 ,williams4 ,acta ,sanctorum ,aet]na coeli gloria4 --,*amb]s1 ,copel&1 ,caswall4 ,aet]na lux1 div9itas4 ,,ii4 #cfi4--;,caswall1 ,l4 ,rob4 ,bell>m9e ,aet]ne ,rector sid]um4 ,,iv4 #cjf4--,mant1 ,caswall1 ,copel&1 ,morgan4 ,ambrose ,aet]ne r]um ,conditor4 ,i4 #ae1 ,,iv4 #c4 ,m>*4--,mant1 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,*>les1 ,hewett1 ,mc,gill1 ,copel&1 ,h4 ,a41 ,bp4 ,williams4 ,gregory ,aet]ne ,rex altissime4 ,i4 #aif1 ,,iv4 #gi1 #cec4--;,dryd5 7871 ,mant1 ,neale1 ,*amb]s1 ,caswall1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,copel&1 ,p4 ,c4 ,e4 ,odo ( ,cluny ,aet]ni ,patris unice4 ,i4 #bhg1 ,,iv4 #bdd4--;,*amb]s4 ,=tunatus ,agnoscat omne saeculum4 ,i4 #aei1 ,,iv4 #agf4--;,*amb]s1 ,neale4 ,cop5hag5 ,missal ,agnus ,dei collaudetur4 ,v4 #bcj4--,m\ltrie4 ,prud5tius ,ales diei nuntius4 ,i4 #aai1 ,,iv4 #ci4 ,m>*4--,prim]1 #aede & #aeei1 ,mant1 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,duffield1 ,copel&1 ,banks1 ,bp4 ,patrick1 ,h4 ,a41 ,morgan1 ,mc,gill1 ,anketell4 ,x,i,ith ,c5tury ,alleluia6 alleluia6 f9ita ,,ii4 #cfc4--,neale1 ,pott 7,h4 jam sunt praelia4 ,a4 ,m471 ,hewett1 ,bp4 ,williams4 ,x,ith ,c5tury ,alleluia dulce c>m54 ,i4 #bfa1 ,,iv4 #aeb1 ,v4 #ea4 ,m>*4--,patrick1 ,neale1 ,keble1 ,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,s+leton1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,ed]%eim1 ,h4 ,b41 ,morgan1 ,anketell4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,alleluia nunc decantet4 ,v4 #cce4--;,d4 ,l4 #dej ,moz>abic ,brevi>y ,alleluia piis edite ,,iv4 #fc4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s1 laudibus4 ,neale1 ,ell]ton1 ,cripp51 ,anketell4 ,h]mann ,contr4 ,alma ,r$emptoris mat]4 ,,ii4 #cah4--,wordswor?1 ,caswall1 ,ox5ham1 ,esl+4 ,old ,roman ,missal ,alma virgo ,*ri/um regem4 ,neale4--,h4 ,r4 ,b4 ,almo supremi num9is 9 --,caswall4 s9u4 ,almum flam51 vita mundi4 ,,ii4 #cfh4--;,caswall4 ,hildeb]t ,alpha et ,o1 magne ,deus4 ,tr5*1 ,m>*4--,cra%aw1 ,mills1 ,neale1 ,kyna/on1 ,mc,gill1 ,mc,kenzie1 ,b5$ict4 ,jesuit ,altitudo1 quid hic jaces4 ,,ii4 #cda4--,wa%burn1 ,mc,gill1 ,morgan1 ,hayes1 ,mc,kenzie1 ,duffield1 ,ed]%eim4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,alto ex ,olympo v]tice4 ,i4 #bdj4--,mant1 ,caswall4 ,,xii-,x,vth ,c5tury ,amorem s5sus erige4 ,i4 #bgd1 ,,iv4 #bfa4--,morgan4 ,b]n>d ( ,amor ,jesu dulcissimus4 ,wack]nagel4--,caswall1 ,h4 ,a4 ,clairvaux ,m4 ,x,i,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,amor ,patris et ,filii1 ,v4 #bjc4--,littl$ale4 totius4 ,fr5* ,brevi>y ,a morte qui ,te suscitans4 ,neale4--,*amb]s1 ,j4 ,g4 ,smi?4 ,angele qui meus es cu/os4 --,*amb]s4 ,jesuit ,angelice patrone4 ,,ii4 #cgf4--;,caswall1 ,morgan4 ,,vii-,v,i,i,ith ,c5tury ,angul>e ,fundam5tum4 ,i4 #bci4--;,b5son1 ,neale1 ,hewett1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,i4 ,williams1 ,s+leton1 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson4 ,,xiv-,x,vth ,c5tury ,anima ,*ri/i1 sanctifica ,i4 #cde4--,o4 ,c4 ,p4 7,lyra 7,spani%7 me4 ,eu*471 ,*adwick1 ,anon4 ,anglo-,saxon ,anni p]actis m5sibus4 ,/ev5son4--,*amb]s4 ,,xiv-,x,vth ,c5tury ,annue ,*ri/e1 saeculorum ,i4 #bgc4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,dom9e4 ,neale1 ,f4 ,k4 ,paul ,w>nefri$ ,antra des]ti t5]is4 ,i4 #bji4--;,*amb]s1 ,caswall4 ,x,ith ,c5tury 7,k47 ,a ,patre unig5itus4 ,i4 #bcd4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,a4 ,l4 ,p4 ,v,i,ith ,c5tury ,app>ebit rep5t9a magna ,i4 #aid1 ,,iv4 #aa4 ,m>*1 dies ,dom9i4 ,tr5*4--,neale1 ,*>les1 ,b5$ict1 ,morgan1 ,mc,kenzie1 ,anketell1 ,banks1 ,h>t1 ,bp4 ,williams4 ,pietro ,gonella ,approp9quet enim dies4 ,,iv4 #bjj4--;,f4 ,r4 ,jean ,santeul ,ardet ,deo quae fem9a4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]4 ,c4 ,s$ulius ,a solis ortu c>d9e ,ad ,i4 #adc1 ,,iv4 #add4 usque4 ,m>*4--7,lu!r71 ,dryd5 7871 ,*amb]s1 ,caswall1 ,esl+1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,s*aff1 ,copel&1 ,mac,ilwaine1 ,a4 ,l4 ,p4 ,ambrosian ,a solis ortu c>d9e ,et ,i4 #ba1 ,,iv4 #eh4 ,m>*4--,mant1 usque4 ,s*aff1 ,copel&4 #dea ,roman ,brevi>y ,aspice infami ,deus ipse --,caswall1 ,wallace1 ,blew4 ligno4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,aspice ut ,v]bum ,patris a --,caswall1 ,wallace4 sup]nis4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,a?leta ,*ri/i nobilis4 ,,iv4 #cja4--;,caswall4 ,,xvi-,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury ,attolle paulum lum9a4 ,,ii4 #cde4--,neale1 ,pott1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,auctor beati saeculi4 ,,iv4 #caa4--;,caswall1 ,pott]1 ,hus5be?1 ,s>um ,hymnal4 ,anglo-,saxon ,auctor salutis unice4 ,i4 #bcf4 ,/ev5son4--,*amb]s4 ,i,xth ,c5tury ,audax es1 vir juv5is4 ,,iv4 #acb4--;,cripp54 ,gregory ,audi1 b5igne ,conditor4 ,i4 #agh1 ,,iv4 #aba4 ,m>*4--,prim] ( #afhe1 ,caswall1 ,campbell1 ,k5t1 ,hus5be?1 ,mant1 ,pott]1 ,hewett1 ,*amb]s1 ,anketell1 ,*&l]1 ,copel&1 ,neale1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,audimur3 almo ,spiritus4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,calv]ley1 ,*&l]1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,x,ith ,c5tury ,audi nos1 ,rex ,*ri/e4 ,,iv4 #aga4--,neale4 ,anglo-,saxon ,audi1 ,r$emptor g5tium4 ,/ev5son4--,*amb]s4 ,x,ith ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,audi1 tellus1 audi4 ,i4 #cej1 ,,iv4 #bia4--,wa%burn4 ,prud5tius ,audit tyrannus anxius4 ,i4 #abd4 ,newman4--,caswall1 ,copel&1 ,mc,gill1 ,esl+1 ,b5$ict4 ,elpis ,aurea luce et decore roseo4 ,i4 #aef4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,aurora coelum purpurat4 ,i4 #hc4--;,dryd5 7871 ,caswall1 ,*&l]1 ,mant1 ,campbell1 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 ,esl+1 ,mc,gill1 ,copel&4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,aurora diem nuntiat4 ,wrangham4--,wrangham4 ,ambrosian ,aurora jam sp>git polum4 ,i4 #ef1 ,,iv4 #dj4--,mant1 ,caswall1 ,campbell1 ,*amb]s1 ,copel&1 ,h4 ,a41 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,neale4 ,nic4 le ,t\rneux ,aurora lucis dum novae4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,cooke1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,ambrosian ,aurora lucis rutilat4 ,i4 #hc1 ,,iv4 #gb4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s1 ,neale1 ,van ,bur51 ,braye1 ,tute1 ,wa%burn1 ,*>les1 ,anketell1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,hope4 ,jean ,santeul ,aurora quae solem p>is4 ,,iv4 #cci4--;,caswall4 ,gregory ,,xi ,ave caput ,*ri/i gratum4 ,mone1 #aba4--;,*amb]s4 ,x,v,ith ,c5tury ,ave c>o ,*ri/i4 --,a4 ,m4 ,m4 ,x,i,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,ave c>o ,*ri/i c>a4 ,i4 #cdd4--;,*amb]s1 ,m4 ,prague ,missal ,ave c>o ,*ri/i ,regis4 ,v4 #baa4--;,a4 ,m4 ,m4 ,ave1 ,c>ole sanctissime4 --,caswall4 #deb ,x,i,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,ave ,*ri/i corpus v]um4 ,mone1 #bai4--,l4 ,anglo-,saxon ,ave col5da ,tr9itas4 ,/ev5son4--,*amb]s1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m4 ,ave crucis dulce lignum4 ,v #ahc4--,morgan1 ,m4 ,,xiv-,x,v,ith ,c5tury ,ave ,jesu1 qui mact>is4 ,ko5ig4--,ryd]4 ,x? ,c5tury ,ave1 m>is /ella4 ,i4 #bjd1 ,,iv4 #acf4 ,m>*4--,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,hewett1 ,duffield1 ,*>les1 ,anketell1 ,ox5ham1 ,walwor?4 ,p>is ,missal ,ave1 pl5a grati1 ,cujus4 ,newman4--,copel&4 ,franciscan ,ave reg9a coelorum4 ,,ii4 #cai4--;,caswall4 ,brevi>y ,x,i,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,ave ,rex1 qui desc5di/i4 ,mone1 #bjf4--,l4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,ave rosa sp9is puncta4 ,mone1 #acf4--,wa%burn4 ,ave solitud9es4 --,caswall4 ,,ms4 ( #addj ,ave ,v]bum inc>natum4 ,,ii4 #cbh4--;,a4 ,m4 ,m4 ,x,i,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,ave v]um corpus natum4 ,,ii4 #cbg4--;,caswall4 ,ave vulnus lat]is no/ri --,*amb]s4 ,salvatoris4 ,bonav5tura ,beata ,*ri/i passio4 ,,iv4 #bbj4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s1 ,*>les4 ,ambrosian ,beata nobis gaudia4 ,i4 #f1 ,,iv4 #afj4 ,m>*4--,dryd5 7871 ,caswall1 ,campbell1 ,aylw>d1 ,*amb]s1 ,anketell1 ,blew1 ,esl+1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,hope1 ,duffield4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,beate pa/or ,petre4 ,i4 #aef4--;,caswall4 ,belli tumultus +ruit4 --,caswall4 ,ambrosian ,bis t]nas horas explicans4 ,i4 #bc1 ,,iv4 #ac4--;,copel&4 ,cantant hymnos coelites4 --,caswall4 ,notk] ,cantemus cuncti melodum ,,ii4 #eb4 ,m>*4--,neale4 nunc ,alleluia4 ,old ,fr5* 7,,xiv7 ,c$ant ju/i signa luctus4 ,,ii4 #cfb4--,kyna/on1 ,k5n$y4 ,h]e=d ,hymnal ,celsorum civium inclyta ,,iv4 #bhg4--,neale4 gaudia4 ,fulb]t ,*orus novae ,j]usalem4 ,i4 #bbb1 ,,iv4 #ahj4--,neale1 ,keble1 ,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,braye1 ,hewett1 ,?ompson1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,anketell1 ,copel&1 ,d4 ,l41 ,s+leton4 ,moz>abic ,brevi>y ,*ri/e1 coele/is ,i4 #aih4--,prie/'s m$ic9a4 ,pray]-,book4 ,ambrosian ,*ri/e1 cunctorum ,i4 #ajg4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s4 dom9ator4 ,jean ,santeul ,*ri/e1 decreto ,patris ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 in/itutus4 ,hewett4 ,v,ith ,c5tury ,*ri/e fili ,jesu summi4 ,,iv41 #ahd4--,m\ltrie4 7,mone7 ,innoc5t ,,iii ,*ri/e1 fili summi ,patris4 --,g4 ,w4 ,cox41 ,m4 ,anglo-,saxon ,*ri/e1 hac hora t]tia4 ,/ev5son4--,*amb]s4 #dec ,ennodius ,*ri/e1 lum5 p]petuum4 ,i4 #aea4--;,duffield4 ,guill4 de la ,*ri/e1 pa/orum caput4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,brunetire ,williams4 ,ennodius ,*ri/e1 precamur annue4 ,i4 #aea4--;,duffield4 ,ambrosian ,*ri/e1 qui lux es et ,i4 #cc1 ,,iv4 #ed4 dies4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s1 ,aylw>d1 ,mc,gill1 ,duffield1 ,mc,kenzie1 ,*>les1 ,w$d]burn1 ,a4 ,l4 ,p41 ,copel&1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m4 ,jean ,santeul ,*ri/e1 qui s$es ,olympo4 ,newman4--,wood=d 7871 ,cooke & ,webb's ,hymn>y1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,ambrosian ,*ri/e1 ,r$emptor g5tium4 ,i4 #gh4--;,*amb]s4 ,rabanus ,maurus ,*ri/e1 ,r$emptor omnium1 ,i4 #bef1 ,,iv4 #adc1 ,cons]va4 #cfi4--;,*amb]s1 ,bak]1 ,f4 ,r41 ,hewett4 ,ambrosian ,*ri/e1 ,rex coeli4 ,i4 #df4--,wood=d 7871 ,*>les4 ,moz>abic ,brev4 ,*ri/e rex1 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,x,v,ith ,huc ad jugum ,calv>iae4 ,,ii4 #cec4--,neale1 ,kyna/on4 ,c5t4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,huc vos1 ,o mis]i6 surda ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 rel9quite4 ,williams4 ,x,i,ith ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,hujus diei gloria4 ,i4 #bhg1 ,,iv4 #agf4--;,a4 ,l4 ,p4 ,p>is ,missal ,humani g5]is cess5t4 ,newman4--,neale4 ,jean ,santeul ,hymnis dum resonat4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 ,b$e ,hymnum canamus gloriae4 ,i4 #bjf4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s1 ,*>les1 ,?ompson1 ,copel&1 ,anketell4 ,b$e ,hymnum can5tes m>tyrum4 ,i4 #bjg4 ,m>*4--,neale1 ,*>les 7"p71 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,anketell4 ,ambrosian ,hymnum dicamus ,dom9o4 ,i4 #ha4 ,m>*4--,*>les4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,iisdem creati fluctibus4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m4 ,isaac ,hab]t ,illaesa te pu]p]a4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 ,ambrosian ,illum9ans altissimus4 ,i4 #ai1 ,,iv4 #fa4 ,m>*4--,copel&4 ,gregory 787 ,imm5se coeli ,conditor4 ,i4 #eh1 ,,iv4 #ej4 ,m>*4--,dryd5 7871 ,mant1 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,g\ld1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,copel&1 ,hope1 ,h4 ,a4 ,s>um ,brevi>y ,impleta gaud5t visc]a4 --,a4 ,l4 ,p4 ,*>les ,c(f9 ,impune vati non erit3 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,w4 impot5s4 ,palm]4 ,prud5tius ,inde e/ quod omnes ,mc,gill4--,mc,gill4 cr$imus4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,9 diebus celebribus4 ,mone1 #bdh4--,tr5d4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,9 domo ,patris4 ,mone1 #cjb4--;,h4 ,r4 ,b41 ,neale4 ,pet] ( ,dresd5 ,9 dulci jubilo4 ,wack]nagel4--,w$d]burn4 ,hildeb]t ,infecunda mea ficus4 ,tr5*4--,w4 ,cra%aw1 ,mc,gill4 ,jacoponus 787 ,9 hoc anni circulo4 ,i4 #cca4--,neale4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 787 ,9 natale ,salvatoris4 ,wrangham4--,a4 ,m4 ,m41 ,wrangham4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,9 natali ,dom9i4 ,i4 #cbi4--,wa%burn1 ,littl$ale4 #dfa ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,9 noctis umbra desides4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m4 ,bonav5tura 7,mone7 ,9 passione ,dom9i4 ,,iv4 #bai4--;,*amb]s1 ,oakeley4 ,x,i,ith ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,9 sapi5tia dispon5s ,mone1 #bh4--;,cripp51 ,tr5d1 omnia4 ,hewett4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,in/antis adv5tum ,dei4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,m\ltrie4 ,columcille 787 ,9 ,te1 ,*ri/e1 cr$5tium4 ,lyra ,hib]nica4--,cusack4 ,pet] ! ,int] aet]nas sup]m ,zabuesnig4--,caswall4 ,v5]able coronas4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,int]ni fe/i gaudia4 ,,ii4 #bej4--,neale4 ,abel>d ,9 t]ris adhuc positam4 ,migne1 #agh4--,wa%burn4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,int] sulphurei fulgura ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,blew4 turb9is4 ,simon ,g\rdan ,intrante ,*ri/o ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 ,be?anicam domum4 ,le ,puy ,missal ,9 triumphum mors mutatur4 ,moll4--,morgan4 ,prud5tius ,inv5tor rutili dux4 ,i4 #aca4 ,newman4--,bp4 ,patrick1 ,*amb]s4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,invicte m>tyr unicum4 ,,iv4 #ach4--,mant1 ,caswall4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,ira ju/a ,conditoris4 ,,ii4 #cee4--;,caswall4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,i/e confessor ,dom9i1 ,i4 #bdi4--;,caswall4 col5tes4 ,i,xth ,c5tury ,i/e confessor ,dom9i ,i4 #bdh4--;,*amb]s1 ,d4 ,l4 sacratus4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,i/e quem laeti colimus ,,iv4 #big4--;,caswall4 fideles4 ,ite moe/i cordis luctus4 ,,iv4 #cba4--;,hayes4 ,mod]n ,ite noctes1 ite nubes4 ,,iv4 #cbe4--;,hayes1 ,anketell4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,jactamur heu6 quot ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]1 fluctibus4 ,i4 ,williams4 ,v? or ,v,ith ,jam1 ,*ri/e1 sol ,i4 #bce1 ,,iv4 #bah4--;,*amb]s1 ,c5tury ju/itiae4 ,cripp54 ,ambrosian ,jam ,*ri/us a/ra ,i4 #fd1 ,,iv4 #hc4--;,dryd5 asc5d]at4 7871 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,tr5d1 ,aylw>d1 ,blew1 ,copel&1 ,l41 ,dayman1 ,esl+4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,jam des9ant suspiria4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,*amb]s1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,*&l]1 ,wood=d1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,a4 ,l4 ,p41 ,braye4 ,ambrosian ,jam lucis orto sid]e 7iv4 ,i4 #ef1 ,,iv4 #db4--,prim]1 v]ses74 #aede & #aeei1 ,mant1 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,keble1 ,newman1 ,mc,gill1 ,duffield1 ,anketell1 ,cos91 ,neale1 ,s+leton1 ,hope1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,anon41 #ahdg1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,h4 ,a4 ,*as4 ,c(f999 ,jam lucis orto sid]e 7vi4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]1 v]ses74 ,i4 ,williams1 ,copel&4 #dfb ,hil>y ,jam meta noctis transiit4 ,i4 #c1 ,,iv4 #cf4--;,duffield4 ,prud5tius ,jam moe/a quiesce qu]ula4 ,i4 #acg4 ,m>*1 ,tr5*4--,caswall1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,hewett1 ,*>les1 ,morgan1 ,mc,gill1 ,davis1 ,w9kwor?1 ,wa%burn1 ,anketell1 ,bp4 ,patrick1 ,a4 ,l4 ,p4 ,m4 ,a4 ,flam9ius ,jam noctis umbras lucif]4 ,preces ,privatae1 #aefd4--,rick>ds4 ,jean ,santeul ,jam non te lac]ant4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,jean ,santeul ,jam nunc quae num]as4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,x,i,ith ,c5tury 787 ,jam pulsa c$ant nubila4 ,neale4--,neale4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,jam sanctius moves opus4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,i4 ,williams4 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,jam satis fluxit cruor ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 ho/i>um4 ,ambrosian ,jam sexta s5sim volvitur4 ,i4 #dj4 ,m>*4--,*>les4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,jam solis excelsum jub>4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,*&l]1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,jam sol rec$it igneus4 ,i4 #cf4 ,newman4--,dryd5 7871 ,ev5+ ,(fice1 #agaj1 ,mant1 ,caswall1 ,pott]1 ,be/e1 ,aylw>d1 ,hus5be?1 ,campbell1 ,k5t1 ,phillips1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,copel&1 ,hope4 ,ambrosian ,jam surgit hora t]tia4 ,i4 #ah1 ,,iv4 #c4--;,copel&4 ,ambrosian ,jam t] quat]nis trahitur4 ,i4 #ha4--;,*amb]s4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,jam toto subditus vesp]4 ,,iv4 #cjg4--;,caswall4 ,?os4 ,kempis ,j]usalem lum9osa seu ,mone1 #cjd4--,neale4 gloriosa4 ,ambrosian ,jesu corona celsior4 ,i4 #aaj4 ,newman4--,caswall4 ,ambrosian ,jesu corona virg9um4 ,i4 #aab1 ,,iv4 #adj1 #cfh4--;,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,hewett1 ,neale1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,ox5ham1 ,d4 ,l4 ,b]n>d ( ,jesu decus angelicum4 ,i4 #bbi4 ,newman1 ,clairvaux ,tr5*4--,caswall1 ,campbell1 ,aylw>d1 ,cripp54 ,moz>abic ,brevi>y ,jesu def5sor omnium4 ,,iv4 #bf4--;,blew4 ,b]n>d ( ,jesu dulc$o cordium4 ,i4 #bbg4 ,newman1 ,m>*1 ,clairvaux ,tr5*4--,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,palm]1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,cripp54 ,x,i,ith ,c5tury 7,k47 ,jesu dulce m$icam54 ,,iv4 #bhe4--;,cripp54 ,freiburg ,brevi>y ,jesu1 dulcis amor meus4 ,,iv4 #cbc4--;,caswall4 ,b]n>d ( ,jesu dulcis memoria4 ,i4 #bbg1 ,,iv4 #baa4 ,m>*1 ,clairvaux ,tr5*4--,mant1 ,neale1 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,cripp51 ,o',hagan1 ,dryd5 7871 ,be/e1 ,?ompson1 ,b5$ict1 ,campbell1 ,aylw>d1 ,*>les1 ,palm]1 ,alex&]1 ,s+leton1 ,ed]%eim1 ,copel&4 #dfc ,jesu dulcissime4 ,,ii4 #cga4--;,hewett1 ,b5$ict1 ,anon4 7,indep5d5t71 ,littl$ale1 ,p>k]4 ,noyon ,brevi>y ,jesu manus1 p$es1 caput4 ,neale4--,h4 ,?ompson4 ,jesuit ,jesu meae deliciae4 ,,ii4 #cej4--,l4 ,anselm ( ,lucca ,jesu mi dulcissime4 ,tr5*4--,kyna/on4 ,ambrosian ,jesu no/ra r$emptio1 ,i4 #fc1 ,,iv4 #gh4 ,newman1 ,amor4 ,m>*4--,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,*>les1 ,hewett1 ,aylw>d1 ,hope1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,h4 ,a41 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,p4 ,c4 ,e41 ,m4 ,a4 ,g4 7,wat*man74 ,franciscan ,jesu no/ra r$emptio1 ,i4 #bhj4 ,brevi>y ,joseph4 ,zabuesnig4--,ed]%eim4 ,hil>y 7,fab47 ,jesu ,quadrag5>iae4 ,i4 #e4--;,*amb]s1 ,neale1 ,pott1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,hewett4 ,x?-,x,ith ,c5tury ,jesu1 ,r$emptor omnium1 ,i4 #bdi1 ,,iv4 #adc4--;,caswall1 ,p]pes4 ,*amb]s1 ,b5son4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,jesu ,r$emptor omnium1 ,i4 #gh4--,prim]1 #afhe1 ,quem4 ,mant1 ,pott]1 ,caswall1 ,esl+1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,copel&4 ,*>les ,c(f9 ,jesu1 ,r$emptor omnium1 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,summi4 ,*&l]4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,jesu1 ,r$emptor seculi4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,e>le1 ,*&l]4 ,b]n>d ( ,jesu1 ,rex admirabilis4 ,i4 #bbh4 ,newman1 ,clairvaux ,m>*4--,mant1 ,caswall1 ,campbell1 ,aylw>d1 ,cripp54 ,guill4 de la ,jesu1 sac]dotum decus4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,brunetire ,williams1 ,*&l]1 ,caswall4 ,rabanus ,maurus ,jesu1 ,salvator saeculi1 ,i4 #big4--;,f41 ,a4 ,l4 ,p41 ,h4 ,a4 ,r$emptis4 ,x,i,ith ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,jesu1 ,salvator saeculi1 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,neale1 ,v]bum4 ,copel&1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m4 ,b]n>d ( ,jesus auctor clem5tiae4 ,i4 #bbh4--;,*amb]s4 ,clairvaux ,john ,huss ,jesus ,*ri/us1 no/ra ,,ii4 #cgj4--7,lu!r71 salus4 ,w$d]burn1 ,littl$ale4 ,b]n>d ( ,jesu1 spes po5it5tibus4 ,i4 #bbg4 ,m>*1 ,clairvaux ,tr5*4--,mc,gill1 ,cripp54 ,e>ly ,iri% ,jesus refulsit omnium4 ,i4 #d1 ,,iv4 #aej4--;,*amb]s4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,jordanis oras praevia4 ,newman4--,*&l]1 ,*amb]s1 ,w4 ,m4 ,a41 ,i4 ,williams4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,jubes3 et 9 praeceps ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]1 aquis4 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,i4 ,williams4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,jubilemus ,salvatori4 ,morel1 #ae4--,morgan1 ,j4 ,m4 ,h41 9 ,lyra ,messianica1 ,wrangham4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,jucund>e plebs fidelis4 ,,ii4 #hd1 ,v4 #adb4 ,tr5*4--,neale1 ,campbell1 ,wrangham4 ,prud5tius ,jure ergo se ,judae ducem4 ,mc,gill4--,mc,gill4 #dfd ,nic4 le ,t\rneux ,jussu tyranni pro fide4 ,newman4--,caswall1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]4 ,x,i,ith ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,ju/e judex1 ,jesu ,*ri/e4 ,mone1 #bfe4--;,cripp54 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,lab5te jam solis rota4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,laetabundi jubilemus4 ,v4 #cch4--;,a4 ,m4 ,m41 ,wrangham4 ,b]n>d ,laetabundus exultet ,,ii4 #fa1 ,v4 #dg4--;,*amb]s1 fidelis *orus3 ,alleluia4 ,hewett1 ,esl+4 ,b5$ict4 ,missal ,laeta quies magni ducis4 ,v4 #bej4--;,caswall4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,laet>e coelum2 plausibus4 ,zabuesnig4--,*amb]s4 ,noyon ,missal ,laet>e pu]p]a4 ,neale4--,hewett4 ,liege ,missal ,laetetur hodie matris ,v4 #bhe4--;,black4 ecclesiae4 ,meaux ,brevi>y ,lapsus e/ annus2 r$it ,,iv4 #cai4--;,hewett1 ,cooke1 annus alt]4 ,pott1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,bon>4 ,odo ( ,cluny ,lauda1 mat] ecclesia1 ,i4 #bba1 ,,iv4 #bdd4--,neale1 lauda ,*ri/i4 ,*amb]s4 ,?omas ,aqu9as ,lauda1 ,sion1 ,salvatorem4 ,,ii4 #ig1 ,v4 #gc4 ,m>*4--,cra%aw1 #afdh1 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,aylw>d1 ,wack]b>?1 ,anon41 ,morgan1 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 ,b5$ict1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,esl+4 ,x,i,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,laudes ,*ri/o cum gaudio4 ,morel1 #dbg4--;,*amb]s4 ,notk] ,laudes ,*ri/o r$empti ,,ii4 #agh4--,littl$ale4 voce4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,laudes crucis attollamus4 ,,ii4 #gh1 ,v4 #hi4--,neale1 ,wack]b>?1 ,lloyd1 ,wrangham4 ,york ,brevi>y ,laudes ,deo devotas4 ,newman4--,blew4 ,utre*t ,missal ,laudes ,deo dicat p] omnes4 ,v4 #bhh4--;,h4 ,r4 ,b4 ,notk] ,laudes ,salvatori voce4 ,,ii4 #b1 ,v4 #ea4--,plumptre4 ,ci/]c4 ,brev4 ,laudibus cives reson5t4 ,,iv4 #cbi4--;,caswall4 ,x,v,ith ,c5tury ,laureata plebs fidelis4 --,a4 ,m4 ,m4 7,lyra ,eu*474 ,godes*alk ,laus1 ,tibi1 ,*ri/e1 qui ,,ii4 #ci4--,neale4 es ,creator4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,legis figuris p+itur4 ,,ii4 #cfj4--;,caswall4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,l9quunt tecta ,magi4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,gregory ,lucis ,creator optime4 ,i4 #eg1 ,,iv4 #di4 ,m>*4--,dryd5 7871 ,mant1 ,caswall1 ,keble1 ,newman1 ,*amb]s1 ,ox5ham1 ,be/e1 ,k5t1 ,campbell1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,g\ld1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a41 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,copel&4 ,hil>y ,lucis l>gitor spl5dide4 ,i4 #a4 ,m>*4--,*>les1 ,wa%burn1 ,morgan1 ,mc,gill1 ,anketell1 ,duffield1 ,i4 ,c4 7,evangeli/71 ,mc,kenzie4 ,lugete dura m>mora4 ,,ii4 #cea4--,mc,gill4 #dfe ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,lugete pacis angeli4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,*&l]1 ,pott1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,=tunatus ,lu/ra sex qui jam p]egit4 ,i4 #afd4 ,newman4--,prim]1 #agjf1 ,caswall1 ,mant1 ,*amb]s1 ,aylw>d1 ,k5t1 ,campbell1 ,hewett1 ,mc,gill1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,copel&4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,lux adv5it v5]&a4 ,v4 #bci4--;,h4 ,r4 ,b4 7,lyra ,my/471 ,wrangham4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,lux alma1 ,jesu1 m5tium4 ,,iv4 #cje4--;,dryd5 7871 ,caswall1 ,newman1 ,copel&4 ,prud5tius ,lux 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,r$emptorem polo4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,missus ,gabriel de coelis4 ,v4 #abi4--,neale1 ,wrangham4 ,x,ith ,c5tury ,mitis agnus1 leo =tis4 ,,iv4 #afj4 ,moll4--,mc,gill1 ,tr5d4 ,abel>d ,mittit ad virg9em4 ,,ii4 #ei1 ,v4 #abg4 ,m>*4--,neale1 ,p4 ,c4 ,e4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,mo]5tes oculi sp>gite ,fabricius4--,caswall1 ,pott]4 la*rymas4 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,molles 9 agnos ceu lupus4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]4 ,jean ,santeul ,montes sup]bum v]ticem4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,mortale1 coelo tolle1 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 g5us1 caput4 ,pet] ! ,mortis portis fractis ,tr5*1 ,m>*4--,*>les1 ,v5]able =tis4 ,?ompson1 ,duffield4 ,multi sunt presbyt]i4 ,du ,m]il1 ,neale4--,neale1 ,g4 ,d4 ,br&]'s ,,ms41 ,mundi decor1 mundi =ma4 ,morel1 #eja4--,morgan4 #aejg ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,mundi r5ovatio nova p>it ,,ii4 #fh1 ,v4 #eh4 ,m>*1 gaudia4 ,tr5*4--,*>les1 ,wa%burn1 ,mc,gill1 ,?ompson1 ,heisl]1 ,morgan1 ,worsley1 ,wrangham4 ,s>um ,brevi>y ,mundi salus affutura4 ,newman4--,*amb]s4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,mundi salus qui nasc]is4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]1 ,copel&4 ,cahors ,brevi>y ,mundo novum jus dic]e4 ,neale4--,tr5d4 ,mundus effusis r$emptus4 --,caswall4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,my/]ium mirabile4 ,zabuesnig4--,caswall1 ,wallace4 ,hildeb]t 7,k47 ,nate ,patri coequalis4 ,mone1 #aa4 ,m>*4--,mc,gill4 ,s>um ,brevi>y ,nato canunt omnia ,dom9o4 ,,ii4 #ef4--;,*amb]s4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,nato nobis ,salvatore4 ,,ii4 #bbb4--,morgan1 ,a4 ,m4 ,m41 9 ,lyra ,messianica1 ,wrangham4 ,jean ,santeul ,natus ,p>5ti r$ditus ,zabuesnig4--,*&l]4 ,?os4 ,kempis 787 ,nec quisquam oculis videt4 ,mone1 #cje4--,neale4 #dfg ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,nil laudibus no/ris eges4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]1 ,mc,gill1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,wolfg4 ,musculus ,nil sup]e/ vitae2 frigus --,nev91 ,anon4 7,obs]v]74 praecordia captat4 ,jean ,santeul ,nobis ,olympo r$ditus4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,i4 ,williams1 ,s+leton4 ,b5$ict ,,xii 787 ,nobis1 sancte ,spiritus4 ,mone1 #aia4--;,caswall4 ,nocte mox diem fugata4 --,caswall4 ,gregory ,nocte surg5tes vigilemus ,i4 #agf1 ,,iv4 #agf4 omnes4 ,m>*4--,mant1 ,caswall1 ,keble1 ,newman1 ,hewett1 ,cripp51 ,*amb]s1 ,copel&1 ,h4 ,a41 ,esl+1 ,anketell4 ,columcille 787 ,noli1 ,pat]1 indulg]e4 ,lyra ,hib4--,cusack4 ,nic4 le ,t\rneux ,non abluunt lymphae ,deum4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,campbell4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,non illam crucians4 --,caswall4 ,jean ,santeul ,non p>ta solo sangu9e4 ,newman4--,*&l]1 ,f4 ,r41 ,i4 ,williams1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,*amb]s4 ,de la ,brunetire ,non vana dilectum gregem4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 ,novamne das lucis1 ,deus4 --,caswall4 ,novi "ps gaudium4 ,du ,m]il4--,neale4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,novum sidus exoritur4 ,,iv4 #bhj4--,onsl[4 ,gregory 7,mone7 ,nox atra r]um contegit4 ,i4 #ed1 ,,iv4 #cg4--,mant1 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,copel&1 ,h4 ,a4 ,prud5tius ,nox et t5ebrae et nubila4 ,i4 #abj1 ,,iv4 #ci4--,mant1 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,h$ge 7871 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,bp4 ,patrick1 ,h4 ,a41 ,duffield4 ,seb4 ,besnault ,noxium ,*ri/us simul ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 introivit4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,nullis te g5itor ,,iv4 #bih4--;,caswall4 bl&itiis4 ,r4 ,bodius ,nuncius praepes mihi labra ,mc,gill4--,mc,gill4 summo4 ,cahors ,brevi>y ,nunc novis ,*ri/us ,neale4--,morgan4 celebretur hymnis4 ,ambrosian ,nunc ,sancte nobis ,spiritus4 ,i4 #ej1 ,,iv4 #dc4 ,newman4--,mant1 ,caswall1 ,keble1 ,newman1 ,*amb]s1 ,anketell1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a41 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,copel&4 ,*>les ,c(f9 ,nunc suis t&em novus e ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,h4 ,a4 latebris4 ,m41 ,w4 ,palm]4 ,nunc te flebilis --,caswall4 conc9imus modis4 ,jesuit ,nunquam s]5ior4 ,,iv4 #cbg4--,morgan4 ,fulb]t ( ,nuntium vobis f]o de ,m>*4--,*amb]s1 ,wa%burn1 ,*>tres sup]nis4 ,anketell4 ,hildeb]t ,nup] eram locuples4 ,tr5*4--,duffield4 #dfh ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,o amor qui extaticus4 ,mone1 #ea4--,neale1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m4 ,x,i,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,o beata beatorum m>tyrum ,,ii4 #bjd4--,neale1 ,*amb]s4 sollemnia4 ,ambrosian ,obdux]e polum nubila ,i4 #bi1 ,,iv4 #aaj4 ,m>*4--,bp4 coeli4 ,patrick4 ,b]n>d ( ,cluny ,o bona patria4 ,tr5*1 ,m>*4--,neale1 ,duffield1 ,coles1 ,m\ltrie4 ,o caeca m5s mortalium4 ,,ii4 #cgh4--;,b5$ict4 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,o ,*ri/e1 qui no/] poli4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]1 ,black1 ,calv]ley1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,anglo-,saxon ,o ,*ri/e1 spl5dor ,/ev5son4--,*amb]s4 gloriae4 ,conrad ( ,gam+ ,o col5da deitas4 ,mone1 #bbe4--,tr5d4 ,prud5tius ,o crucif] bone1 lucisator4 ,mone1 #adi4--;,cripp54 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,o ,dei sapi5tia4 ,i4 #bii1 ,,iv4 #bhc4--;,*amb]s4 ,xavi] 787 ,o ,deus ego amo ,te1 ,nam ,,ii4 #cce4--,keble1 ,hewett1 prior4 ,mc,gill1 ,b5$ict4 ,xavi] 787 ,o ,deus1 ego amo ,te1 ,nec ,,ii4 #cce4 ,m>*4--,pope1 ,s>um amo4 ,hymnal1 ,s+leton1 ,mills1 ,caswall1 ,hewett1 ,mc,gill1 ,anketell1 ,duffield1 ,mc,kenzie1 ,hayes4 ,que5 ,m>y 787 ,o ,dom9e ,jesu 7seu ,m>*4--,hewett1 ,hayes1 ,deus71 sp]avi 9 ,te4 ,anketell1 ,cl>ke1 ,fawcett4 ,jesuit ,o esca viatorum4 ,,ii4 #cfi4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s1 ,palm]1 ,wa%burn1 ,morgan 7bis71 ,?ompson1 ,hayes1 ,tr5d1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,s*aff1 ,anketell4 ,x,i,ith ,c5tury 787 ,o filii et filiae4 ,m>*4--,ev5+ ,(fice1 #agdh1 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,k5t1 ,neale1 ,h4 ,a1 ,m41 ,port]1 ,anketell4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,o fons amoris ,spiritus4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,o =tis1 ,o clem5s ,deus4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,jesuit ,o g5s beata coelitum4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s1 ,wa%burn1 ,johnson4 ,bonav5tura ,o gloriosa dom9a4 ,i4 #cjb1 ,,iv4 #bca4--;,caswall1 ,=tunatus ,o gloriosa fem9a4 ,i4 #agc4--;,*amb]s1 ,f4 ,r4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,o gloriosa virg9um4 ,i4 #agc4--,mant1 ,caswall4 ,hildeg>d ,o ignis ,_ss ,p>acliti4 ,v4 #bja4--;,cripp51 ,littl$ale4 ,jean ,santeul ,o jam beata quae suo4 ,newman4--,*&l]4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,o ,jesu dulcissime1 ,cibus ,mone1 #bcj4--,r4 ,w4 ,v4 salut>is4 ,b]n>d ( ,o ,jesu mi dulcissime4 ,i4 #bbi4 ,m>*1 ,clairvaux ,tr5*4--,cripp54 #dfi ,claude ,santeul ,o luce quae tua lates4 ,newman4--,ox5ham1 ,bak]1 ,caswall1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,*&l]1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,duffield-,?ompson4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,o luce qui mortalibus4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,i4 ,williams1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,*&l]1 ,s+leton1 ,mc,gill4 ,ambrosius ,o lux beata ,tr9itas4 ,i4 #cf1 ,,iv4 #dg4 ,m>*4--7,lu!r71 ,*amb]s1 ,neale1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,duffield1 ,h4 ,a41 ,ed]%eim1 ,mc,gill1 ,anketell4 ,b]n>d ( ,o mir&a vanitas4 ,m>*4--,anketell4 ,clairvaux ,pet] ,damiani ,o mis]atrix1 ,o dom9atrix4 ,migne4--,duffield4 ,br&]'s ,,ms41 ,omnes g5tes plaudite4 ,v4 #fg4--;,black4 #aejg ,cli*tove ed4 ,omnes un celebremus4 ,v4 #baf4--,neale4 ,jean ,santeul ,omnibus manat cruor ecce ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 v5is4 ,casimir or ,omni die dic ,m>iae4 ,,ii4 #cgb1 ,,iv4 #bcg4--;,hayes4 ,hildeb]t ,meiss5 ,brevi>y ,omnis fidelis gaudeat4 ,i4 #cja4--,neale4 ,alanus ,omnis mundi creatura4 ,tr5*1 ,m>*4--,wa%burn1 ,hayes1 ,worsley1 ,mc,kenzie4 ,s>um ,brevi>y ,o nata lux de lum9e1 ,jesu4 ,i4 #bei1 ,,iv4 #afa4--;,*amb]s1 ,blew4 ,prud5tius ,o ,naz>5e1 lux ,be?lehem4 ,i4 #abh4--;,bp4 ,patrick4 ,paulus ,diaconus ,o nimis felix m]itique ,i4 #baj4--;,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 celsi4 ,b4 ,m4 ,a4 ,muretus ,o nox vel m$io ,op]a ,i4 #gda4--;,blew4 spl5didior die4 ,x,i,ith-,x,i,i,ith ,o panis dulcissime4 ,,ii4 #afj1 ,v4 #gc4--,tr5d4 ,c5t4 ,,ms4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,o ,pat] sancte mitis atque ,i4 #bfc1 ,,iv4 #bgj4--;,*amb]s1 pie4 ,a4 ,l4 ,p41 ,hewett4 ,urban ,,viii ,opes decusque regium ,,iv4 #cjd4--;,caswall4 reliqu]as4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,opprobriis ,jesu satur4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]4 ,ambrosian ,optatus votis omnium4 ,i4 #fb1 ,,iv4 #gg4 ,m>*4--,*>les1 ,*amb]s1 ,mason4 ,jean ,santeul ,o pul*ras acies4 ,newman4--,i4 ,williams1 ,*amb]s4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,opus p]egi/i tuum4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,blew1 ,s+leton1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,?os4 ,kempis ,o qualis quantaque ,wack]nagel4--,kettlewell laetitia4 7,life ( ,?omas ,kempis74 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,o quam felix1 quam ,,ii4 #gh4--,kyna/on4 praecl>a4 ,pet] ,damiani 787 ,o quam glorifica luce4 ,,iv4 #ahh4--;,*amb]s4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,o quam glorificum solum ,mone1 #bhd4--,neale1 ,i4 ,g4 s$]e4 ,smi?4 #dgj ,jean ,santeul ,o quam juvat fratres4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]4 ,?os4 ,kempis ,o quam praecl>a regio4 ,wack]nagel4--,b5$ict4 ,abel>d ,o quanta qualia sunt illa ,mone1 #bhb4--,neale1 ,*amb]s1 ,sabbata4 ,hewett1 ,wa%burn1 ,duffield1 ,m\ltrie4 ,jean ,santeul ,o qui p]petuus nos4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,caswall1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,jean ,santeul ,o qui tuo dux m>tyrum4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,caswall1 ,anon41 #ahci1 ,s+leton4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,o quot undis la*rym>um4 ,,iv4 #cjf4--;,caswall4 ,ambrosian ,orabo m5te ,dom9um4 ,i4 #bc1 ,,iv4 #ac4--;,copel&4 ,abel>d ,orn>unt t]ram g]m9a4 ,tr5*1 ,m>*4--,wa%burn1 ,duffield4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,o rub5tes coeli rosae4 ,,iv4 #bha4--8;,hymns & ,lyrics40 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,o sac]dotum v5]&a ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 jura4 ,o salut>is fulg5s /ella --,*amb]s4 m>is4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,o salut>is ho/ia4 ,ko*4--,caswall1 ,ox5ham4 ,o ,sapi5tia1 etc4 ,hymnal ,not$4--,ox5ham1 ,nelson1 ,neale1 ,b5son4 ,s>um ,brevi>y ,o sator r]um1 rep>ator ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,blew4 aevi4 ,prud5tius ,o sola magn>um urbium4 ,i4 #abg4 ,m>*4--,dryd5 7871 ,mant1 ,caswall1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,*>les1 ,b5$ict1 ,mc,gill1 ,tr5d1 ,anketell1 ,esl+1 ,s+leton1 ,copel&1 ,hope1 ,bp4 ,williams4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,o sol salutis intimis4 ,i4 #bce4--;,dryd5 7871 ,mant1 ,caswall1 ,morgan1 ,esl+1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,copel&1 ,hope4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,o spl5dor aet]ni ,patris4 ,newman4--,campbell1 ,*&l]1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,o /ella ,jacob fulgida4 --,caswall4 ,jesuit ,o t] foecundas1 ,o t] ,,ii4 #cci1 ,,iv4 #cag4 ,m>*1 jucundas4 ,tr5*4--,mc,gill1 ,anketell1 ,bl5k9sopp4 ,anglo-,saxon ,o v5]&a ,tr9itas4 ,/ev5son4--,*amb]s4 ,m4 ,a4 ,muretus ,o virgo pectus cui sacrum4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,*&l]1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,jean ,santeul ,o vos ae!rei plaudite4 ,zabuesnig4--,caswall4 ,o vos fideles animae4 --,caswall4 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,o vos unanimes ,*ri/iadum ,zabuesnig4--,i4 ,williams4 *ori4 ,claude ,santeul ,p&itur saxo tumulus ,newman4--,i4 ,williams4 remoto4 #dga ,?os4 ,aqu9as ,pange1 l+ua1 gloriosi ,i4 #bea4 ,m>*4--,caswall1 corporis my/]ium4 ,wack]b>?1 ,campbell1 ,hewett1 ,t4 ,a4 ,s4 7,*ur*man71 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,*amb]s1 ,ox5ham1 ,anon41 ,neale1 ,pusey1 ,b5$ict1 ,palm]1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,s*aff1 ,j4 ,p4 ,br[n4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,pange1 l+ua1 gloriosi ,i4 #afd4 ,newman4--,prim]1 lauream c]tam9is4 #agjf1 ,caswall1 ,k5t1 ,aylw>d1 ,ox5ham1 ,pott]4 ,=tunatus ,pange1 l+ua1 gloriosi ,i4 #afc1 ,,iv4 #fg1 #cec4 proelium c]tam9is4 ,m>*4--,mant1 ,neale1 ,*amb]s1 ,keble1 ,mc,gill1 ,hewett1 ,*>les1 ,mc,kenzie4 ,x,i,vth-,x,vth ,c5t4 ,panis desc5d5s coelitus4 ,mone1 #bjc4--,r4 ,e4 ,e4 ,w4 ,,ms4 7,lyra ,eu*474 ,hildeb]t ,p>aclitus increatus4 ,tr5*1 ,m>*4--,mc,gill4 ,jesuit ,p>5dum e/1 c$5dum e/4 ,,iv4 #cea4--,morgan4 ,,xiv-,x,v,ith ,c5tury ,p>vum qu&o c]no ,deum4 ,,ii4 #cdb4 ,m>*4--,caswall1 ,banks1 ,wa%burn1 ,hayes1 ,esl+4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,pas*ale mundo gaudium4 ,i4 #hd4--;,caswall1 ,neale1 ,copel&1 ,esl+4 ,prud5tius ,pa/is visc]ibus 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,magdal5e ,college ,hymn4--,*&l]1 ,s>um ,hymnal4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,te1 ,joseph1 celebr5t4 ,,iv4 #bif4--;,caswall4 #dhj ,*>les ,c(f9 ,te laeta1 mundi ,conditor4 ,newman4--,neale1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,*amb]s1 ,campbell4 ,roman ,brevi>y99 ,telluris alme ,conditor4 ,i4 #ei4--;,dryd5 7871 ,mant1 ,caswall1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,copel&1 ,hope4 ,ambrosian ,telluris +5s ,conditor4 ,i4 #ei4 ,m>*4--,*amb]s1 ,h4 ,a41 ,duffield4 ,flavius ( ,*alons ,tellus et ae?ra jubil5t4 ,i4 #bcc4--;,*amb]s4 ,jean ,santeul ,tellus tot annos4 ,zabuesnig4--,s4 ,m4 ,ambrosian ,te1 lucis ante t]m9um4 ,i4 #eb4 ,newman4--,mant1 ,caswall1 ,newman1 ,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,k5t1 ,ox5ham1 ,bl\nt1 ,hewett1 ,br[ne 7871 ,esl+1 ,anketell1 ,neale1 ,copel&1 ,h4 ,a41 ,bp4 ,williams4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,te mat] alma num9is4 ,,iv4 #cji4--;,caswall4 ,te matrem laudamus4 ,mone1 #eja4--;,*>les4 ,jean ,santeul ,templi sacratas p&e1 ,newman4--,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,sion1 =as4 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,i4 ,williams1 ,s+leton1 ,blew4 ,*as4 ,c(f9 ,te 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#bci1 ,,iv4 #aic4 ,tr5*1 ,m>*4--,drummond1 #afai1 ,neale1 ,b5son1 ,*amb]s1 ,hewett1 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 ,h4 ,r4 ,b4 7,lyra ,my/471 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,hope1 ,s+leton4 ,seb4 ,besnault99 ,urbs beata1 v]a pacis ,newman4--,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 visio4 ,doggett1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,old ,p>is ,urbs ,j]usalem beata4 ,zabuesnig4--,morgan1 ,brevi>y99 ,*&l]1 ,anketell4 ,b]n>d ( ,cluny ,urbs ,sion aurea4 ,tr5*1 ,m>*4--,neale1 ,coles1 ,duffield1 ,m\ltrie1 ,anketell4 ,b]n>d ( ,cluny ,urbs ,sion inclyta4 ,tr5*1 ,m>*4--,neale1 ,morgan1 ,coles1 ,duffield1 ,m\ltrie4 ,m4 ,casimir ,urit me patriae decor4 --,neale4 ,s>bievius ,jesuit ,ut axe sunt s]5a4 ,,iv4 #cda4--,morgan4 ,b]n>d ( ,ut jucundas c]vus undas4 ,tr5*4--,morgan4 ,clairvaux ,paulus ,diaconus ,ut queant laxis reson>e ,i4 #bji1 ,,iv4 #afc1 #cgj4 fibris4 ,m>*4--,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,copel&1 ,a4 ,c4 ,c41 ,b4 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,ut sol decore sid]e4 ,newman4--,caswall1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,prud5tius ,vagitus ille exordium4 ,mc,gill4--,mc,gill4 ,trondhjem ,missal ,v5]emur 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,worsley1 ,morgan1 ,b5$ict1 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 ,palm]1 ,mc,gill1 ,duffield1 ,wa%burn1 ,m4 ,c4 7,*ur*man71 ,anon4 7,*ri/ian ,in/ructor71 ,anon41 ,hayes1 ,esl+1 ,mc,carthy1 ,anketell4 ,*>les ,c(f9 ,v5i1 sup]ne ,spiritus4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,j4 ,m4 ,h41 ,*&l]1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,roman ,brevi>y ,v5it e coelo ,m$iator ,fabricius4--,caswall4 alto4 ,x,i,ith ,c5tury 787 ,v5i1 v5i1 ,emmanuel4 ,,ii4 #ccf1 ,,iv4 #caf4--,neale1 ,*amb]s1 ,s+leton1 ,mc,gill1 ,anketell4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,v5i1 v5i1 ,rex gloriae4 ,mone1 #ce4--;,cripp51 ,bon>4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,v]bi v]i sub/antivi4 ,tr5*4--,tr5*4 ,adam 787 ,v]bum ,dei1 ,deo natum4 ,,ii4 #aff1 ,v4 #dc4 ,m>*1 ,tr5*4--,wa%burn1 ,duffield1 ,morgan1 ,plumptre1 ,dayman4 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,v]bum1 quod ante secula4 ,newman4--,campbell1 ,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]4 ,ambrosian ,v]bum sup]num prodi5s ,a ,i4 #gg4--;,campbell4 ,patre4 ,roman ,brevi>y 99 ,v]bum sup]num prodi5s ,e ,i4 #gg4 ,newman4--,dryd5 7871 ,patris4 ,mant1 ,keble1 ,newman1 ,*amb]s1 ,hewett1 ,caswall1 ,wm4 ,palm]1 ,*&l]1 ,s+leton4 ,?os4 ,aqu9as ,v]bum sup]num prodi5s ,i4 #bed4 ,newman4--,dryd5 ,nec4 7871 ,caswall1 ,*amb]s1 ,campbell1 ,k5t1 ,aylw>d1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,h4 ,a4 ,m41 ,anketell1 ,esl+4 ,=tunatus ,vexilla ,regis prodeunt4 ,i4 #afj1 ,,iv4 #gj4 ,m>*1 ,newman4--,dryd5 7871 ,caswall1 ,*&l]1 ,neale1 ,keble1 ,*amb]s1 ,be/e1 ,massie1 ,hus5be?1 ,aylw>d1 ,k5t1 ,mc,gill1 ,duffield1 ,*>les1 ,a4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 ,mc,kenzie1 ,campbell1 ,b5$ict1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,bp4 ,williams1 ,*urton1 ,s+leton1 ,anon41 #agjf4 #dhc ,wipo 7871 ,notk] ,victimae pas*ali laudes4 ,,ii4 #ie1 #che4 ,,iii4 #bhg4 787 ,newman4--,bl\nt1 #afgj1 ,caswall1 ,campbell1 ,leeson1 ,hus5be?1 ,anon4 7,*ur*man71 ,abp4 ,mann+'s ,collection1 ,esl+1 ,b5$ict4 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,victis sibi cognom9a4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,braye1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,s+leton1 ,*&l]4 ,monk ( ,/4 ,gall ,virg9es ca/ae1 virg9es ,neale4--,s4 ,m4 summae4 ,x,vth ,c5tury ,,ms4 ,virg9is 9 gremio4 ,v4 #beb4--;,a4 ,m4 ,m4 ,i,xth ,c5tury 7,ko7 ,virg9is proles opifexque ,i4 #bej1 ,,iv4 #adj1 matris4 #cfh4--;,caswall1 ,*amb]s4 ,virgo v]nans velut rosa4 --,caswall4 ,joh4 von ,geissel ,virgo virg9um praecl>a4 ,v4 #cdi4--;,caswall4 ,ala9 de ,lisle ,vita no/ra pl5a bellis4 ,m>*4--,wa%burn1 ,hayes4 ,*>les ,c(f9 ,vos ante ,*ri/i tempora4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,williams1 ,*&l]4 ,p>is ,brevi>y ,vos1 ,o virg9ei cum ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ci?>is4 ,williams4 ,jean ,santeul ,vos sancti proc]es4 ,zabuesnig4--,i4 ,williams4 ,jean ,santeul ,vos succ5sa ,deo spl5dida4 ,newman4--,*amb]s1 ,i4 ,williams4 ,ambrosian ,vox cl>a ecce intonat4 ,i4 #gf1 ,,iv4 #adc4--,keble1 ,*amb]s1 ,hewett1 ,braye1 ,anketell4 ,noyon ,brevi>y ,vox cl>a t]ris nos gravi4 ,neale4--,ryd]4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,vox sonora no/ri *ori4 ,neale4--,morgan4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,v4 ,zyma vetus expurgetur4 ,,ii4 #fi1 ,v4 #afa4 ,tr5*4--,neale1 ,morgan1 ,plumptre4 ,?is li/ %[s h[ mu* ( ! att5tion ( ,engli% translators has be5 occupi$ by ! hymns ( ! ,p>is ,brevi>y ( #agcf1 :i* = ! mo/ "p are contempor>y ) ! ,engli% hymns ( ,watts & ,doddridge4 ,!re are #ahj translat$ hymns tak5 f t brevi>y1 & ( ^! !re are #ecf translations--! l>ge/ gr\p furni%$ by any "o s\rce4 ,next comes ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 *iefly ?r\gh ! labors ( ,mr4 ,caswall & o!r ,roman ,ca?olic translators4 ,!n come ! v]sions ( ,ambrosian & o!r primitive hymns1 ,prud5tius /&+ next to ,ambrose & 8 s*ool4 ,( ! m$iaeval writ]s1 ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor w\ld be se5 to /& fir/1 if all ! v]sions ( ,mr4 ,wrangham _h be5 catalogu$1 b ?is seem$ unnecess>y4 ,,app5dix4 ,mr4 ,duffield _h copi$ = ins]tion ! introduction :i* ,b]n>d ( ,morlaix wrote = 8 poem1 ,de ,contemptu ,mundi4 ,x is "h giv5 f ! text ( #afaj4 ,! read] w f9d little difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ u & v1 i & j 9 ! or?ography1 & 9 recogniz+ q3 z ! enclitic que4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! introduction is n writt5 ?r\gh\t 9 ! ,leon9e v]se ( ! poem1 b v>ies into two easi] =ms ( v]se4 ,,b]n>di ,,morlan5sis ,,de ,,vanitate ,,mundi ,,et ,,appetitu ,,aet]nae ,,vitae1 ,,libellus ,,aureolus4 ,*>tula no/ra tibi m&at dilecte salutes1 ,plura vides ibi si modo non mea dona refutes4 ,dulcia sunt animae solatia quae tibi m&o4 ,s$ prosunt m9im1 si non s]ves op]&o4 ,quae mea v]ba mon5t tu noli trad]e v5to1 ,cordis 9 aure son5t1 et sic ret9]e mem5to1 ,vt tibi gr&e bonum no/ri monitus op]5tur1 ,p]q3 dei donum tibi caelica regna p>5tur4 ,m5ti s9c]ae possunt haec v]ba plac]e1 ,haecit] o/5dunt1 hortantur1 non repreh5dunt4 ,vox diu9a monet quod nemo spem sibi ponet ,9 rebus mundi1 quae causam dant p]eundi4 ,si quis amat ,*ri/um mundum non diligat i/um ,s$ quasi faetorem sp]n5s illius amorem1 ,ae/imet obsca5um1 quod mundus cr$it ama5um4 ,totum huic vilescit iam quidquid 9 orbe nitescit1 ,vitat t]r5um decus vt mortale v55um4 ,abiectoq3 =is ca5o c>nalis amoris1 ,ad regnum caeli suspirat m5te fideli1 ,atq3 fide pl5a p>adisi sp]et ama5a4 ,tu quoq3 frat] ita c>nis contagia vita ,vt placeas ,*ri/o1 mundo dum vivis 9 i/o4 ,nec tibi s9t curae res ad nihilum r$iturae4 ,quae cito labuntur1 multoq3 labore petuntur4 ,cur homo laet>is quia =san cras mori>is8 ,p] nullam sortem pot]is depell]e mortem4 ,cur c>o laet>is quia v]mibus esca p>>is8 ,hic1 locus e/ fl5di1 s$ ibi e/ peccata lu5di4 ,po/ea gaudebunt qui nunc sua crim9a flebunt4 ,iam non laetetur qui gaudia summa m]etur4 ,gaudia /ultorum cumulant torm5ta dolorum4 ,talia prud5tes fugiunt1 ea despici5tes4 ,cur c>o non sp]nis quae pret]euntia c]nis8 ,nonne vides mundum mis]um1 et p>it] moribundum ,sub gladio dirae mortis langu5do p]ire8 ,mors resecat1 mors omne necat quod 9 orbe creatur1 ,magnificos premit et modicos1 cunctis dom9atur4 ,nobilium t5et imp]ium1 nullumq3 v]etur ,tam ducibus quam pr9cipibus communis habetur4 ,mors juu5es rapit atq3 s5es1 nulli mis]etur1 ,illa fremit1 g5us omne tremit quod 9 orbe m\etur ,illa f]it1 c>o tota p]it dum sub p$e mortis ,cont]itur1 nec eripitur vir robore =tis4 ,cur igitur qui sic moritur vult magnific>i8 ,diuitias sibi cur nimias petit ille p>>i8 ,in/abiles sumus et fragiles1 multisq3 ru9is ,att]imur1 dum sic trahimur sub tempore f9is4 ,pret]eunt et non r$eunt mortalia quaeque ,naec /atio manet 9 dubio sic nocte dieque ,vita breuis velut vmbra levis sic annihilatur4 ,sic vadit1 subitoq3 cadit dum />e putatur4 ,quis r$imit cum mors p]imit1 quia mun]a nunquam ,nec pretium nec s]uitium mors accipit vnquam8 ,s$ quid plura loqu>8 nulli mors invida p>cit1 ,non euadit inops1 nec qui m>supia f>cit4 ,non igitur cesses ea quae bona sunt op]>i1 ,nam mors non cessat tibi nocte dieq3 m9>i4 ,amplius 9 rebus noli sp]>e caducis4 ,s$ cupiat tua m5s aet]nae gaudia lucis4 ,fallit] insipi5s vitae praes5tis amore1 ,s$ n\it sapi5s quanto sit pl5a dolore ,quidquid =mosum mundus g]it et speciosum4 ,floris habet morem cui dat natura colorem4 ,mox vt siccatur totus color annihilatur1 ,po/ea nec florem mon/rat1 nec spirat odorem4 ,regia maje/as1 omnis t]r5a pote/as1 ,prosp]itas r]um1 s]ies long9qua di]um ,ibit1 et absq3 mor cum mortis v5]it hora4 ,mundi quid sit honor ego nunc tibi scrib]e conor4 ,no/i quippe satis quam nil f]at vtilitatis4 ,pra$ia t]r>um1 possessio diuiti>um1 ,fabrica murorum1 gr&is /ructura domorum1 ,gloria m5s>um1 cum deliciis epul>um1 ,insignesq3 ?ori p>it]q3 scyphiq3 decori1 ,respl5d5s ve/is quae moribus ob/at hone/is1 ,grex arm5torum1 spaciosus cultus agrorum1 ,f]tile v9etum diu]s vite repletum1 ,gratia natorum1 dilectio dulcis eorum1 ,cuncta rel9qu5tur1 nec po/ haec inu5i5tur4 ,quod breuit] durat quis prud5s qua]]e curat8 ,non metu5s hom9em faciet mors asp]a f9em ,rebus mundanis m5dacibus1 et mal sanis4 ,causa gravis scel]um cessabit amor muli]um4 ,colloquium qu>um non e/ nisi virus am>um1 ,praeb5s sub mellis dulc$9e pocula fellis4 ,nam decus ill>um laqueus fallax anim>um1 ,cum v]bis bl&is m5dacibus atq3 neph&is ,illaqueant1 /ultosq3 f]unt ad t>t>a multos4 ,omnia transibunt1 et gaudia vana p]ibunt1 ,et faciunt fructum tri/em p] faecula luctum4 ,omnibus hoc dico ne se subd5t inimico4 ,ne supplant5tur qui subditi 9 8 ret95tur4 ,noli confundi mis] dulc$9e mundi4 ,nam sua dulc$o dilabitur ord9e fa$o4 ,quae trepidas m5tes et mollia quaeq3 sequ5tes ,fallit mulc5do c>nem1 bl&eq3 fov5do4 ,po/ea f9itur1 nec dulcis tunc rep]itur1 ,s$ fit am>a nimis nec adaequans vltima primis1 ,et grauit] pungit mis]os1 quos primitus vngit4 ,nam sic illusus et semp] mollibus vsus4 ,damnatos dign po/ mortem torret 9 igne4 ,atq3 voluptatem conu]tit 9 anxietatem1 ,et fit flamma fur5s illos s9e f9e p]ur5s4 ,talia lucra f]5t /udiis qui talibus ha]5t4 ,s$ qui salu>i vult p]petuoq3 be>i ,*ri/o deuotum /udeat se trad]e totum ,hujus inha]5do praeceptis1 et faci5do ,quae scriptur>um mon/rant docum5ta sacr>um4 ,accipiet v] qui vult haec jussa t5]e ,s$ibus 9 laetis aet]nae dona quietis4 ,quae cunctis dantur qui corde ,deo famulantur1 ,atq3 ea qui sp]nunt quae praet]euntia c]nunt ,hic e/ s]uorum requies1 et vita suorum1 ,gaudia quae prae/at1 tribulatio nulla mole/at1 ,gloria sol5nis manet illic1 paxq3 p]5nis4 ,semp] honoratos facit hos ,deus atq3 beatos ,quos recipit secum4 ,s$ quamuis judicet aequum1 ,plura tam5 dantur sanctis1 qum prom]eantur4 ,omnia dat gratis fons diu9ae pietatis1 ,proq3 labore breui bona conf]t p]petis aeui4 ,8 qui salvantur semp] bona multa p>antur4 ,sic mala multa malis prop]at mors exitialis4 ,i/i gaudebunt1 i/i s9e f9e dolebunt4 ,nemo pote/ f>i1 nec scrib]e1 nec m$it>i ,gaudia ju/orum1 nec non torm5ta malorum4 ,heu mal fraudatur1 vah6 /ult ludificatur1 ,qui propt] florem mundi1 vanumq3 decorem1 ,qui prius app>et quasi flos1 et prot9us aret1 ,vadit ad inf]num p]d5s diadema sup]num1 ,quod dom9us donat cunctis1 quos ipse coronat4 ,errat homo v] qui cum bona possit hab]e1 ,sponte subit pa5as1 inf]nalesq3 cat5as4 ,huius amor mundi putei petit ima pr(undi1 ,prot9us ext9ctus1 moritur qui mittitur intus1 ,semp] ad ima cadit1 semp] mors obuia vadit1 ,nec v5it ad metas mortis mis]abilis aetas1 ,nescit f9iri1 semp]q3 videtur oriri1 ,semp] vex&o1 semp] gemitus provoc&o1 ,+]it ardores1 inf9itosq3 dolores4 ,sunt ibi s]p5tes flammas ex ore vom5tes1 ,fumosos d5tes1 et guttura torva g]5tes1 ,a flatu quorum p]eunt animae mis]orum4 ,sunt ibi tortores s]p5tibus horridiores1 ,dif=mes1 nigri1 s$ non ad v]b]a pigri1 ,nunquam lassantur1 s$ semp] ad hoc r5\antur1 ,et male f]u5tes sunt ad torm5ta rec5tes4 ,semp] tri/ati sunt ad torm5ta p>ati4 ,semp] et ardescunt1 nec cessant1 nec requiescunt1 ,non ex/irpantur nec p>cunt nec mis]antur1 ,qum mal damnatur1 qum =tit] excruciatur ,qui f]t tantorum f]itatem suppliciorum4 ,quid tunc !sauri1 quid ac]vus prod]it auri1 ,cum peccatores mittuntur ad inf]iores ,inf]ni latebras1 imas p>it]q3 t5ebras1 ,semp] passuri1 nec ab 8 vnquam r$ituri8 ,tunc fl5s et tri/is qui po5is traditur i/is1 ,mallet praet]itae quod 9 omni tempore vitae ,paup] vixisset1 quam diuitias habuisset4 ,/at mal securus qui prot9us e/ moriturus4 ,non b5e laetatur cui pa5a dolorq3 p>atur4 ,non igitur cures gazas acquir]e plures1 ,gazas fallaces inc]tas atque fugaces1 ,quae magis optantur cum pl5ius accumulantur4 ,haec faciunt m5tes semp] majora pet5tes4 ,divitiae tales sunt omnibus exititiales1 ,nam sibi cr$5tes faciunt mis]os1 et eg5tes4 ,po/ c>nis vitam p] bl&im5ta nutritam1 ,exp]tesque boni traduntur p]ditioni1 ,nemo tam5 cr$at quod ab i/a luce rec$at1 ,ignibus arsurus1 vel propt] opes p]iturus1 ,si proprium s]vet1 si divitias coac]vet4 ,quamvis sit r>um1 pot]it possessor e>um4 ,ju/e salv>i1 fugiat si nom5 av>i1 ,vivat prud5t]1 gazas habeat sapi5t]1 ,non abscond5do1 s$ eg5is di/ribu5do4 ,s$ satis e/ notum quod plus dimitt]e totum ,prode/1 quam tem] quae sunt nocitura t5]e4 ,tutius e/ v] mortem fugi5do cav]e1 ,quam prope s]p5tem procumb]e virus hab5tem4 ,sic e/ 9 mundo1 qu> tibi consilium d ,quat5us hoc spreto te tradas pectore laeto ,s]vitio ,*ri/i1 cui traditus ipse fui/i4 ,hic tibi praebebit regnum quod f9e c>ebit4 ,huic si s]vi]is celsis opibus poti]is1 ,toll]e quas fures nequeunt1 nec rod]e mures4 ,collige !saurum qui gemmas v9eat et aurum4 ,qua]e bonos mores1 !sauros int]iores4 ,gazas conge/as m5tis praecellit hone/as4 ,nam mis] e/ et erit qui mundi prosp]a qua]it4 ,e/ dives v]e qui non ea poscit hab]e1 ,qui bonus e/ intus fidei quoq3 num9e t9ctus1 ,semp] hone/atis /udium t5et et probitatis4 ,cum bona quis tractat tunc se virtutibus aptat ,si nihil e/ sordis quod polluat intima cordis4 ,8 delectatur ,dom9us qui cor speculatur1 ,!saurus talis preciosus spiritualis4 ,comp>at aet]nam vitam1 patriamq3 sup]nam1 ,congregat 9 coelis !saurum quisq3 fidelis1 ,p]q3 bonos mores ad summos t5dit honores1 ,nec modo vult fi]i locuples1 nec major hab]i4 ,s$ semp] m9imus semp] despectus et imus4 ,plus paup]tatem cupi5s quam prosp]itatem1 ,hancq3 lib5s tol]at quia caeli gaudia sp]at4 ,paup] amabilis et v5]abilis et b5$ictus4 ,dives inutilis et mis]abilis et mal$ictus4 ,paup] laudatur cum dives vitup]atur4 ,qui bona negligit et mala diligit intrat abyssum1 ,nulla pot5tia nulla pecunia lib]at ipsum4 ,e/ mis]abilis insatiabilis illa vorago4 ,a/ ubi m]gitur horrida c]nitur omnis imago4 ,haec cruciam9a enim ob sua crim9a prom]u]unt1 ,vir mis]abilis ,evaq3 /ebilis haec subi]unt4 ,jussa ,dei pia quiq3 salubria si t5uiss5t1 ,vir necq3 fam9a1 nec quoq3 sem9a morte ruiss5t4 ,s$ quia sp]n]e jussaq3 solv]e non timu]unt ,mors gravis irruit1 hoc m]ito fuit1 et p]i]unt4 ,janua mortis laesio =tis crim5 eorum ,attulit orbi sem9a morbi totq3 malorum4 ,illa p>5tes atq3 sequ5tes culpa p]emit1 ,atq3 pi>um delici>um munus ademit4 ,flebile fatum dans cruciatum dansq3 dolorem4 ,illa m]]i1 p]d]e v]i regis amorem4 ,tam la*rimos tamque p]os morte p]ire4 ,atq3 f]orum suppliciorum clau/ra subire4 ,e/ data saevam causa p] ,evam p]ditionis1 ,dum meliorem sp]at honorem voce ,draconis4 ,haec mal5s cr$5s1 nos quoq3 la$5s crim9e magno ,omnia tri/i subdidit i/i saecula damno4 ,/irps mis]orum pa5a dolorum po/ea crevit4 ,8 quoq3 damnis pluribus annis subdita flevit4 ,tunc ,deus omnipot5s qui v]bo cuncta creavit4 ,sic cecidisse dol5s hom9em1 quem semp] amavit1 ,ipse suum v]bum transmisit ad infima mundi ,exulibus mis]is ap]ire viam r$eundi4 ,filius ergo ,dei desc5dit ab arce sup]na4 ,nunquam desc5d5s maje/ate pat]na4 ,qui corpus cum anim sum5s e num9e salvo ,processit natus sacro de virg9is alvo1 ,v]us homo v]usq3 ,deus pius et mis]ator1 ,v]us ,salvator no/raeq3 salutis amator4 ,viv5diq3 vol5s nobis o/5d]e normam1 ,se d$it exemplum rectamq3 p] omnia =mam1 ,insup] et multos voluit suff]re labores1 ,atq3 dolore suo no/ros auf]re dolores ,sponte sua mori5s mortem mori5do p]emit1 ,et sic p]petua mis]os morte r$emit4 ,succurr5s mis]is mortali pe/e gravatis4 ,quod non debebat p]solvit fons pietatis4 ,pond]a no/ra f]5s p5itus nos exon]avit1 ,et quidquid crim5 vetus ab/ul]at rep>avit4 ,nam de morte su r$ivivus uti leo =tis ,re/ituit vitam pro/rato pr9cipe mortis4 ,sic ,dom9i pietas mundum non passa p]ire1 ,fecit nos mis]os d gaudia prima v5ire4 ,jam satis audi/i frat] quae gratia ,*ri/i ,sic nos salvavit1 no/rumq3 g5us rap>avit4 ,si sapis hoc cr$as1 nec ab hc ratione rec$as4 ,s$ quid lucratur cr$5s qui non op]atur8 ,hic male se la$it4 ,male viv5s non b5e cr$it4 ,cr$e mihi magnum facit illa fides sibi damnum1 ,morteque mactatur1 quia mortua jure vocatur4 ,hunc facit ipsa mori sub judicio graviori ,quam si nescisset fidei quid dogma fuisset4 ,quod loquor e/ notum ret95tibus utile totum1 ,frat] id ausculta1 v5iunt tibi commoda multa ,si ret9]e velis1 quia sic eris ipse fidelis4 ,hanc p] virtutem pot]is sp]>e salutem4 ,atque beatus eris si quae bona sunt op]]is4 ,ergo v]borum semp] memor e/o meorum4 ,cura tuae m5tis semp] sit 9 8 docum5tis4 ,si vis salv>i semp] /udeas imit>i ,vitam ju/orum1 fugi5s exempla malorum4 ,illis jung>is quorum pia facta sequ>is4 ,elige sanctorum consortia1 non reproborum4 ,o quam ditantur qui caelica regna lucrantur6 ,sic exaltantur qui sanctis associantur1 ,vivunt jocundi qui sp]nunt gaudia mundi1 ,qui c>nis mis]ae norunt vitium omne cav]e4 ,sub p$ibus quorum victus jacet ho/is eorum4 ,8 dabitur v] ,dom9um s9e f9e vid]e1 ,angelicusq3 *orus div9 laude sonorus1 ,cum quibus ante ,deum ref]unt cum laude tropaeum4 ,quod tibi nunc dico si s]ves corde pudico ,hos int] caetus vives s9e tempore laetus4 ,s$ mis]i flebunt quia gaudia nulla videbunt4 ,nunquam cum reprobis tribuatur portio nobis4 ,ad pa5as ibunt1 et sic s9e f9e p]ibunt4 ,mundus ad hanc p>tem p] daemonis attrahit artem1 ,i/i haec dona f]5t qui sordibus ejus adha]5t4 ,s5su discreto quae sunt nocitura caveto1 ,p]vigili cura semp] m$it>e futura4 ,quam f]a quam =tis v5iet de/ructio mortis6 ,quae via p&etur1 cum spiritus egr$ietur6 ,quid sit facturus1 vel quos comites habiturus6 ,qum mis] inf]nus1 qum nobilis ordo sup]nus6 ,quae mala damnatis1 quae sunt bona p>ta beatis6 ,quantum gaudebunt quos gaudia summa replebunt6 ,quos illu/rabit quos semp] laetificabit ,visio sancta ,dei1 spl5dorq3 ,dei faciei6 ,talia qua]5ti v5i5t nova gaudia m5ti4 ,cum /udio tali dulc$9e spirituali ,m5s tua pascetur1 si jugit] haec m$itetur4 ,hoc /udium m5tem ,dom9o facit esse plac5tem4 ,curas t]r5as magno cruciam9e pl5as4 ,funditus expellit1 vitiorum g]m9a vellit4 ,sic t]r5orum m5s tacta timore dolorum4 ,des]it errorem1 mundiq3 repellit amorem4 ,po/ea summorum flagrescit amore bonorum4 ,conf]t tale bonum ,dom9i durabile donum4 ,nam cum mutatur mala m5s ,deus hoc op]atur4 ,virtutum munus prae/>e pote/ ,deus unus4 ,qui sic s]vorum docet intus corda suorum4 ,qui bona sectantur1 vel qui pur m$itantur4 ,sic ,dom9us mores levat illos ad meliores1 ,quos p5it5tes videt auxiliumque pet5tes1 ,ergo fide pur ,*ri/o te subd]e cura4 ,auxilio cujus fugias mala temporis hujus ,atria sunt caeli v] patefacta fideli4 ,semp] ibi vives div9o mun]e dives ,si vis s9c] ,dom9i praecepta t5]e4 ,*ri/o junguntur sua qui praecepta sequuntur4 ,nam decus aet]num datur 8 regnumque sup]num4 ,gloria caele/is ,p>adisi1 caelica ve/is ,hos faciet laetos1 et pax aet]na quietos4 ,num delect>is cum talia praem$it>is1 ,i/a lib5s audis1 et ad haec pia gaudia plaudis8 ,nec tam5 ignores p] magnos i/a labores ,sanctis adquiri1 nec =tuit rep]iri4 ,s$ quamvis gratis tribuat ,deus i/a beatis1 ,nemo tam5 segnis vitae f]t dona p]5nis1 ,ni melior factus1 proprios correx]it actus4 ,quem satis 8 dignum ,dom9us vult esse b5ignum4 ,promptum f]v5tem non otia vana sequ5tem4 ,de regno caeli non cr$it m5te fideli ,insipi5s et hebes1 s$ tu b5e cr$]e debes4 ,*ri/o dic5ti1 rapiunt illud viol5ti4 ,scilicet au/]i1 s$ di/+u5do sev]i1 ,mollia sp]n5tes1 et c>ni vim faci5tes1 ,semp] et int5ti ,dom9o1 p>]e jub5ti4 ,e/ c>o nota satis1 quod habet nihil vtilitatis4 ,spiritus inde p]it si corpus dulcia qua]it4 ,et dum vexatur c>o1 ,spiritus alleviatur3 ,cumq3 relaxatur mortalit] ille gravatur4 ,omne quod o/5do potes ipse vid]e leg5do4 ,indice scriptur pot]is cognosc]e plura4 ,vitam qua]5ti dat it] sacra lectio m5ti4 ,accipe scriptorum frat] docum5ta meorum1 ,quae sibi mon/ravi1 quae dulcit] ins9uavi4 ,non ea corde gravi t5eas1 s$ pectore suavi1 ,si te virtutis delectat1 it]q3 salutis4 ,quicquid enim scripsi multum tibi prod]it ipsi4 ,nam rex caele/is1 quem nil latet1 e/ mihi te/is1 ,nil tibi n>ravi nisi quod prodesse putavi4 ,nec ratio v]i debet tibi dura vid]i1 ,namq3 p] angu/um dixi tibi curr]e ju/um4 ,sic probus asc5dit1 dum semp] ad ardua t5dit4 ,hunc facias cursum si vis asc5d]e sursum4 ,=tassis pu]o tibi fru/ra dic]e qua]o ,ju/um s]monem1 quia non capis hanc rationem4 ,s$ pat] imm5sus det p]spicuos tibi s5sus1 ,roboret aetatem1 tribuatq3 tibi probitatem4 ,filius ergo ,dei1 spes no/rae prog5iei1 ,autor hone/atis1 fons p]petuae bonitatis1 ,virtutum flores1 et hone/os det tibi mores4 ,spiritus amborum1 qui tangit corda piorum1 ,et s9e v]borum sonitu1 sit doctor eorum1 ,ipse tuam m5tem regat1 et faciat sapi5tem1 ,recte cr$5tem1 monitus v]os ret95tem4 ,ut b5e viv5do1 m&ataq3 sancta t55do ,laetitiam v] lucis m]e>is hab]e4 ,quae t5ebras nescit1 miroq3 decore nitescit1 ,et cuicunq3 datur s9e f9e is laetificatur4 ,hoc tibi det munus qui regnat1 tr9us et unus4 ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,,! ,,c>m9a ,,burana4 ,! inve/igations ( ,grimm1 ,s*mell]1 ,edele/& du ,m]il1 ,?omas ,wright1 & ,h4 ,hag51 toge!r ) ! translations ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds 78,w9e1 ,wom51 & ,song071 are famili>iz+ u ) ! fact t ,lat9 v]se _h o!r ?an *ur*ly & edify+ uses 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ( ! m$iaeval collections 9 ?is dep>tm5t is a manuscript ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 long pres]v$ 9 ! mona/]y ( ,braubur5 ,b5$ictbeure1 9 ,bav>ia1 b n[ 9 ,mn*54 ,x 0 edit$ by ,j4 ,&reas ,s*mell]1 9 #ahdg1 at ,/uttg>dt1 & 8 edition 0 repr9t$ at ,breslau1 9 #ahhc4 ,f x ,mr4 ,symonds draws mo/ ( 8 mat]ial = 8 volume ( translations4 ,i f9d among ,mr4 ,duffield's pap]s "s specim5s ( ^! poems ( ! ,bav>ian collection1 :i* ,i ?9k fitt$ to illu/rate ! lit]>y relations ( ! ,lat9 hymns1 & !re=e !y are ins]t$ "h4 ,,gaude3 ,,cur ,,gaudeas ,,vide4 ,i/e mundus ,furibundus ,falsa prae/at gaudia1 ,quae defluunt ,et decurrunt ,ceu campi lilia4 ,res mundana1 ,vita vana ,v]a tollit praemia1 ,nam inpellit ,et subm]git ,animas 9 t>t>a4 ,quod videmus ,vel tacemus ,9 praes5ti patria1 ,dimittemus ,vel p]demus ,quasi qu]cus folia4 ,res c>nalis1 ,lex mortalis ,valde transitoria1 ,frangit1 transit ,velut umbra1 ,quae non e/ corporea4 ,cont]amus ,confr+amus ,c>nis desid]ia1 ,ut cum iu/is ,et electis ,cele/ia nos gaudia ,gratul>i ,m]camur ,p] aet]na secula4 ,lo6 ?is our _w ,to wra? is hurl$1 ,its joys are false & silly2 ,:i* pass away1 ,& nev] /ay1 ,z on ! pla9 ! lily4 ,?is mundane /rife1 ,?is empty life1 ,yet (f]s honors truly2 ,x onw>d drives1 ,& s9ks our lives ,9 ,hades mo/ unduly4 ,& :5 we see1 ,or sil5t be1 ,:]ev] we are /opp+1 ,we put x by1 ,or let x fly1 ,z oaks _! leaves are dropp+4 ,?is c>nal fact1 ,?is mortal act1 ,w glide away be=e u2 ,x breaks & flakes ,z d>kness makes ,a %ad[-region o'er u4 ,we try 9 va91 ,we use ) pa9 ,! pleasures :i* are c>nal2 ,= ) ! j ,& ble/ we mu/ ,c>e m = joys sup]nal4 ,to song & praise ,we give our days1 ,?r\gh ages /ill et]nal4 ,exul ego cl]icus ,ad laborem natus ,tibulor multoci5s ,paup]tati datus4 ,lit]>um /udiis ,vellem insud>e ,nisi quod inopia ,cogit me cess>e4 ,ille meis t5uis ,nimis e/ amictus1 ,saepe frigus patior ,calore relictus4 ,int]esse laudibus ,non possum div9is1 ,nec missae nec vesp]ae1 ,dum cantetur f9is4 ,i'm an exile cl]ical1 ,born to toil & tr\bles1 ,& :ile ,i am1 ,pov]ty r$\bles4 ,9 a lit]>y l9e ,i %\ld wi% to travel ,if a lack ( wordly goods ,didn't always cavil4 ,by t cloak--too ?9 at be/-- ,i am sc>ce def5d$2 ,& ,i suff] cold en\gh ,:5 ! fire is end$4 ,h[ c ,i s+ praises1 !n1 ,:]e ,i may be want$1 ,/ay+ mass & vesp]s out ,till ! am5's *ant$8 ,mona*i sunt nigri ,et 9 regula sunt pigri ,b5e cucullati ,et male coronati4 ,quidam sunt cani ,et s5sibus prophani1 ,quidam sunt fratres1 ,et v]5tur ut patres1 ,dicuntur 8,norp]t9i0 ,et non ,augu/9i1 ,9 cano ve/im5to ,novo gaud5t inv5to4 ,! monks are all black1 ,9 _! rules !y're a lazy pack2 ,mightily well g[n$1 ,& wret*$ly cr[n$4 ,"s are dirty :elps1 ,^: s5ses are no helps2 ,b "s1 inde$1 are bro!rs1 ,l fa!rs are "s o!rs4 ,!y are call$ ,norp]t9es ,& n ,augu/9es2 ,9 raim5t ( :ite1 ,9 new ?+s !y delight4 ,,app5dix ,,iii4 ,9 ! acc\nt ( ! ,dies ,irae1 on page #bej1 !re is a ref]5ce to ! foll[+ poem by ,jsu-,ju/us ,k]n]1 ! ,swabian poet & my/ic1 :i* ,i f9d translat$ among ,mr4 ,duffield's pap]s3 ,,! ,,f\r ,,craz$ ,,bro!rs4 ,%rivell$ into corpselike ?9ness ,f\r )9 ! madh\se sit2 ,f _! pallid lips no s5t5ce ,tells ( ei!r s5se or wit4 ,/>kly !re !y face ea* o!r1 ,ea* m gloomy ?an 8 bro!r4 ,h>k6 ! h\r ( midnight /rik+ ,lifts _! v hair ) fright2 ,!n at la/ _! lips are op51 ,!n !y *ant ) muffl$ might3 ,dies irae1 dies illa1 ,solvet saeclum 9 favilla6 ,once !y 7 f\r evil bro!rs1 ,drunk & clamor\s )al1 ,:o ) lewd & ribald ditties ,?r\gh ! holy night w\ld brawl1 ,he$+ n _! fa!r's w>n+1 ,ev5 fri5d's remon/rance scorn+4 ,gape _! m\?s = v horror1 ,b no ^w w issue !nce2 ,god's et]nal v5geance /rikes !m1 ,*ill$ !y /& )\t def5ce2 ,:ite _! hair & pale _! faces1 ,madness e m9d erases6 ,!n ! old man1 dy+1 turn$ him ,to 8 wick$ sons1 & said3 ,do? n t cold =m affright y ,:i* %all lead u to ! dead8 ,dies irae1 dies illa1 ,solvet saeclum 9 favilla6 ,?us he spoke & !nce dep>t$1 ,b x mov$ !m n at all2 ,?\gh he pass$ to peace un5d+1 ,:ile = !m %\ld ju/ice call1 ,z _! lives to /rife 7 giv51 ,ne> to hell & f> f heav54 ,?us !y liv$ & ?us !y revell$1 ,until _m a ye> _h fl$2 ,o!rs' sorr[ co/ !m no?+1 ,blan*$ no hair ^u ! head2 ,jolly bro!rs6 !y 7 able ,to hold ,god & s9 a fable6 ,b at la/1 z midnight f\nd !m ,drunkly reel+ f ! fea/1 ,h>k6 ! song ( sa9ts 0 lift$ ,?r\gh ! *ur*1 & high increas$2 8,cease y\r b>k+1 h\nds60 !y %\t$1 ,z ) ,satan's m\? und\bt$4 ,!n !y ru%$1 ^? wick$ bro!rs1 ,r\ghly ?r\gh ! holy door2 ,b1 z ?\gh at f9al judgm5t1 ,d[n !y he>d t *orus p\r4 ,,footnotes #a,( c\rse ! *ampions ( papal infallibility are at great pa9s to d5y ?is4 ,b all ! contempor>y writ]s1 su* z ,a?anasius1 ,hil>y1 & ,j]ome1 ass]t x1 & aga9/ x !re is no?+ b a priori assumptions & ! ass]tion t ! ?ird ,sirmian =mula sign$ by ,lib]ius has be5 mi/ak5 = ! fir/1 :i* 0 ,arian4 ,9 ,dr4 ,newman's ,arians ( ! ,f\r? ,c5tury1 pp4 #dcc-dj1 !re is a c>eful acc\nt ( ! ?ree ,sirmian =mulas4 ,! ma9 fact nev] 0 d5i$ until ! necessities ( ! infallibility !ory compell$ ! rewrit+ ( hi/ory4 ,ev5 ! old ,roman ,brevi>y decl>es t 8,lib]ius ass5t$ to ! ,arian mis*ief40 #b,see ,dr4 ,doll+]'s ,fables respect+ ! ,popes 9 ! ,middle ,ages 7,new ,york1 #ahgb71 pp4 #ahc-bji4 ,9 #aehb ,gregory ,,xiii4 0 on ! po9t ( expung+ 8 "n f ! ,roman ,m>tyrology1 z ,b>onius _h prov5 t he 0 nei!r a pope nor a m>tyr1 b _h di$ peaceably on 8 own e/ate ne> ,rome4 ,b ! discov]y ( a /one ) an inscription ass]t+ 8 m>tyrdom turn$ ! scale ! o!r way4 ,mod]n s*ol>%ip /igmatizes ! inscription z a fraud1 & x is notable t ! /one has disappe>$4 #c;,cond5s$ f ,anci5t ,rome 9 ! ,light ( ,mod]n ,discov]ies1 by ,pr(essor ,rodolfo ,lanciani4 ,bo/on1 #ahhh4 #d,see ,sir ,alex&] ,croke's ,hi/ory ( ,rhym+ ,v]se4 ,ox=d1 #ahbh2 ,f]d9& ,wolf's /&>d treatise1 ,ueb] die ,lais1 ,sequ5z5 und ,lei*e4 ,heidelb]g1 #ahda2 ,augu/ ,fu*s's ,die ,romanis*5 ,spra*5 9 ihrem ,v]hltnisse zum ,late9is*51 ,halle1 #ahdi2 ,w4 ,corss5's ,ueb] die ,ausspra*e1 ,vokalismus und ,betonung d] ,late9is*5 ,spra*e4 ,leipzig1 #ahfh4 ,also ,niebuhr's article1 ,ueb] das ,alt] des ,li$s ,lydia bella puella1 9 ! ?ird volume ( ! ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 ,bonn1 #ahbi2 & ,mr4 ,s4 ,v4 ,cole's pap] on 8,! ,developm5t ( ,=m 9 ! ,lat9 ,hymns10 9 ! ,&ov] ,review = ,octob]1 #ahhh4 #e,?is is a passage n disc]nible 9 ! ,psalms4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr says t ! ,jews expung$ x4 ,t]tullian 7,contra ,m>cion1 ,,iii47 m5tions x--& 9 two o!r places4 ,daniel1 ,!saurus1 ,i43 #afb1 has a le>n$ note on ! subject4 #f,! same /ory1 b n s well relat$1 is 9 ! life by ,paul ( ,monte ,cass9o & is repeat$ 9 ,b$e 7,hi/4 ,angl4 ,lib4 ,,ii4 cap4 #a74 ,john's ,lat9 is a trifle cumbr\s1 b ?is is ! lit]al translation ( x4 #g,rec5tly !re has be5 a mo/ admirable summ>y ( ^! matt]s prep>$ by ! ,rev4 ,samuel ,m4 ,jackson = ! f\rte5? *apt] ( ,dr4 ,philip ,s*aff's ,hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 #h,! full inquiry c be pursu$ ?r\gh ,dan4 ,v41 #ff & ,,ii41 #aha2 ,neale1 ,sequ5tiae1 p4 #eh2 ,du ,m]il1 ,poesies ,populaires1 p4 #chj1 9 ,pe>son's ,s>um ,sequ5ces1 & 9 ,kehre94 #i,poesies ,populaires3 ,ant]ieures au ,d\xieme ,sicle1 p4 #chj4 ,! language is wor? quot+ z x /&s4 ,he is speak+ ( ,h]mann4 8,il avail fait1 en outre1 un gr& nombre d'hymnes et de proses qui sauf le ,v5i1 ,sancte ,spiritus que lui attribue ,ego1 sembl5t t\tes p]dues40 #aj;,8 ,v>ia de ,corrupto ,/atu ,ecclesiae ,poemata 0 repr9t$ 9 #aged1 b ev5 ?is is v sc>ce4 ,!re 0 an e>li] publication ( 8 ( ! same nature1 ,c>m9a ,vetu/a 7#aedh71 b :e!r x conta9$ ,b]n>d1 ,i _c say4 ,flacius 0 an unwe>i$ se>*] ( ! libr>ies ( ,europe = mat]ial to use on ! ,lu!ran side ( ! great controv]sy4 ,! poem 0 !n repr9t$ at lea/ six times3 8by ,david ,*ytraeus at ,brem51 #aeig2 at ,ro/ock1 #afaj2 at ,leipzig1 #afbf2 by ,eilh>d ,lub9us1 at ,lun5burg1 #afdj2 9 ,wa*l]'s ,new ,!ological ,annals1 ,decemb]1 #ahbj2 & 9 ,g4 ,*4 ,f4 ,mohnike's ,/udi5 7,/ralsund1 #ahbd7 ,i41 #ah40 ,yet x _h become s sc>ce t :5 ,i made my v]sion ( ,dr4 ,tr5*'s c5to1 ,i c\ld n f9d a complete copy 9 ,am]ica4 ,s9ce !n ,i h receiv$ a copy ( ! edition ( #afdj f a fri5d4 ,also ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y has secur$ a copy ( ! ,v>ia ,poemata1 :i* 0 once ,!odore ,p>k]'s1 & be>s ! inscription1 8,a r>e & curi\s book4 ,t4 ,p40 ,! ,engli% translations are3 7#a7 ,dr4 ,tr5* has r5d]$ a few l9es 9 ! metre ( ! orig9al4 7#b7 ,dr4 ,john ,m4 ,neale's 8,rhy?m ( ,b]n>d ( ,morlaix0 7#aheh74 7#c7 ,judge ,noyes 9 ! 8,sev5 ,great ,hymns ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*40 7#d7 ,dr4 ,abraham ,coles4 7#e7 8,! ,heav5ly ,l&1 f ! ,de ,contemptu ,mundi ( ,b]n>d ( ,morlaix1 r5d]$ into correspond+ ,engli% ,v]se10 by ,s4 ,w4 ,duffield 7#ahfg74 7#f7 ,a privately pr9t$ translation by 8,o4 ,a4 ,m410 ( ,*]ry ,valley1 ,n4 ,y4 7,albany1 #ahfg74 7#g7 ,g]>d ,m\ltrie 9 ,lyra ,my/ica 7#ahfi74 7#h7 ,rev4 ,jackson ,mason 7,london1 #ahhj74 ,besides ?is1 an ,engli% cl]gyman has p]petrat$ ! folly ( r5d]+ ,dr4 ,neale's p>aphrase into ,horatian ,lat9 v]se1 :i* w\ld puzzle ,b]n>d himself to recognize z d]iv$ f him4 #aa;,cu/odia ,p5n5sis habet locum ,celani1 de quo fuit frat] ,?omas1 qui m&ato apo/olico scripsit s]mone polito leg5dam primam beati ,francisci et prosam de mortuis1 quae decantatur 9 missa1 scilicet 8,dies irae1 dies illa10 etc41 fecisse dicitur4 #ab,sequ5tiam illam olim celebrem1 quae nunc excidit3 8,sanctitatis nova signa10 cec9it frat] ,?omas de ,celano1 cujus et illa solemnis mortuorum3 8,dies irae1 dies illa0 opus e/1 licet alii eam tribu]e vel9t fratri ,mat?aeo ,aquasp>tano1 c>d9ali ex m9oritis desumpto4--,annales ,m9orum1 ,tom4 ,,ii41 p4 #bjd 7,lyons1 #afbe47 ,?omas de ,celano1 prov9ciae ,p5n5sis1 ,s4 ,francisci discipulas et socius1 edidit 444 librum de vita et miraculis ,s4 ,francisci 444 communit] vocatum a fratribus leg5da antiqua4 ,alt]am leg5dam m9orem prius edid]at1 quae legebatur 9 *oro4442 sequ5tias tres1 seu ,prosas ,rhy?micas1 qu>um prima 9 laudem ,s4 ,francisci incipit3 8,fregit victor virtualis40 ,secunda incipit3 8,sanctitatis nova signa40 ,t]tia de ,defunctis ab ,ecclesi recepta3 8,dies irae1 dies illa40 ,quam 9 v]sus ,gallicos tran/ulit ,b5$ictus ,gononus ,coele/9us et sancto ,bonav5turae attribuit4 ,alii adscribunt ,fr4 ,mat?aeo c>d9ali ,aquasp>tano1 et demum alii aliis auctoribus4--,syllabus ,scriptorum et ,m>tyrum ,franciscanorum1 p4 #cbc 7,rome1 #afej47 #ac;,= ! lit]ature ( ! ,dies ,irae consult ,g4 ,c4 ,f4 ,mohnike's 8,kir*5- und lit]>hi/oris*e ,/udi5 und ,mit!ilung54 7#a7 ,?omas von ,celano1 od] ,ges*i*te des kir*li*5 ,hymnus ,dies irae1 dies illa40 ,/ralsund1 #ahbd4 7#b7 ,additions & corrections to ?is 9 ,tzs*irn]'s 8,magaz9 fr ,pr$ig]10 #ahbf1 by ,g4 ,w4 ,f9k1 :o also wrote ! article on ,?omas ( ,celano 9 ,ers* & ,grub]'s 8,encyclopdie10 ,b& ,,xvi41 ,leipzig1 #ahbg4 7#c7 ,f4 ,g4 ,lisco's 8,dies ,irae1 ,hymnus auf das ,weltg]i*t40 ,b]l91 #ahdj4 ,also 8 8,/abat ,mat]1 ,hymnus auf die ,s*m]z5 d] ,m>ia4 ,neb/ e9em ,na*trage zu d5 ,ueb]setzung5 des ,hymnus ,dies ,irae40 ,b]l91 #ahdc4 7#d7 ,h4 ,a4 ,daniel's 8,!saurus ,hymnologicus10 ,tomus ,,ii4 ,leipzig1 #ahdd4 7,pp4 #ajc-ca & #che-hg47 7#e7 ,dr4 ,william ,r4 ,williams's 8,! ,cons]vative ,pr9ciple 9 our ,lit]ature40 ,new ,york1 #ahdc & #ahdd1 & aga9 9 8 8,miscellanies40 ,new ,york1 #ahej1 & ,bo/on1 #ahfj4 7#f7 ,dr4 ,abraham ,coles's 8,dies ,irae 9 ,?irte5 ,orig9al ,v]sions40 ,new ,york1 #ahei4 ,fif? edition4 #ahfh4 7#g7 ,subrector ,mi*ael's 8,de ,sequ5tia ,m$iae ,aetatis ,dies ,irae1 ,dies ,illa ,diss]tatio40 ,zittau1 #ahff4 7#h7 ,john ,edm&s's 8,bibliography ( ! ,dies ,irae0 9 ! 8,bullet9 ( ! ,m]cantile ,libr>y40 ,philadelphia1 #ahhd4 ,also articles by ,dr4 ,philip ,s*aff 9 8,h\rs at ,home10 ,,vii41 #ci & #bfa2 by ,r4 ,h4 ,hutton 9 8,! ,london ,spectator0 = #ahfh2 by ,rev4 ,john ,anketell 9 8,! ,am]ican ,*ur* ,review0 = #ahgc2 & by ,rev4 ,orby ,%ipley 9 8,! ,dubl9 ,review0 = #ahhc4 #ad,!re is a s]i\s difficulty connect$ ) ! *ronology ( 8 hi/ory1 :i* ,i h n be5 able to ov]come4 ,un=tunately ?is greate/ ( ,ca?olic dogmati/s nev] seems to h inspir$ en\gh ( p]sonal int]e/ 9 any disciple or contempor>y to lead to ! prep>ation ( a biography ( him4 ,s ! e>lie/ 9 exi/5ce 7 writt5 long aft] 8 dea?1 :5 ! ,neapolitans ask$ = 8 canonization4 ,& a comp>ison ( _! /atem5ts ) ^? ( contempor>y *ronicles1 l t ( ,ri*>d ( ,san ,g]mano1 does n inspire confid5ce 9 _! v]acity4 ,! second papal w> broke out 9 #abci4 ,bo? ! ord]s ( fri>s1 ,dom9icans & ,franciscans1 7 believ$ to be p>tisans ( ! ,pope1 & 9 #abci su* z 7 n natives ( ! k+dom 7 comm&$ to leave x4 ,ri*>d ( ,san ,g]mano m5tions ?is ord] sub anno #abci1 & adds1 sub anno #abdj1 t by ,novemb] ( ! latt] ye> all ! ,m5dicants1 except two ( ea* mona/]y & ^? natives ( ! k+dom1 _h be5 expell$ by ord] ( ! ,emp]or4 ,:at ,dom9icans 7 !re left 9 ,naples to w9 ! affections ( ,?omas & receive him into ! novitiate8 ,! difficulty w\ld be met by assum+ #abbe z ! date ( ,?omas's bir?1 & 8 /ay at ,monte ,cas9o z t]m9at+ ) 8 t5? ye>1 s t he might h be5 at ,naples 9 #abce & =m$ ! purpose to ent] ! ord] 9 #abci4 ,or if he w5t to ,naples 9 8 twelf? ye> 7#abcg71 he might h become a ,dom9ican novice aft] two ye>s ( /udy "u pr(essors ( t ord]4 ,x is true t novices 7 n to be receiv$ be=e _! fifte5? ye>2 b at any date aft] ,m>* ( #abci ,?omas w\ld be 9 8 fifte5? ye>4 ,x 0 ,m>* #bd? ( t ye> t saw ! ,emp]or excommunicat$1 & "s int]val w\ld elapse be=e ! expulsion ( ! ,m5dicants4 #ae,see 8 ,prolegom5a zu e9] neu5 ,ausgabe d] 8,imitatio ,*ri/i10 na* dem ,autograph des ,?omas von ,kemp54 ,zuglei* e9e ,e9fhrung 9 smmtli*e ,s*rift5 des ,?omas1 s[ie e9 ,v]su* zu endgltig] ,fe//ellung d] ,?atsa*e1 dass ,?omas und ke9 ,&]] d] ,v]fass] d] 8,imitatio0 i/4 ,b& ,i4 ,b]l91 #ahgc4 ,also ,?omae ,kemp5sis 8,de ,imitatione ,*ri/i0 libri quatuor4 ,textum ex autographo ,?omae nunc primum accuratissime r$didit1 di/9xit1 novo modo disposuit2 capitulorum argum5ta1 locos p>allelos adjecit ,c>olus ,hirs*e4 ,b]l91 #ahgd4 ,also 8 exhau/ive article on ! ,brd] geme9sam5 ,leb5s 9 ,h]zog ,plitt's ,real-,encyclopdie3 ,,ii41 #fgh-gfj4 7,leipzig1 #ahgg74 #af,! ,imitation ( ,*ri/4 ,f\r books4 ,translat$ f ! ,lat9 by ,w4 ,b5ham1 ,b4,d41 ,vic> ( ,m>gate4 ,london1 #ahgd4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ! au?or ( ?is1 ! be/ ,engli% v]sion1 speaks ( ! ascription ( ! ,imitation to ,?omas ,kempis z 8a mi/ake10 & ascribes x to ,john ,g]s51 ,abbot ( ,v]celli1 9 ,italy1 :o nev] exi/$4 #ag,see ,o4 ,a4 ,spitz53 ,?omas ,kempis als s*rijv] d] ,navolg+ van ,*ri/us geh&haafd4 ,utre*t1 #ahha4 ,also 8 ,nalez+ op mijn 8,?omas ,kempis als s*rijv] d] ,navolg+ van ,*ri/us geh&haafd10 b5ev5s ti5 nog onbek5de cantica spiritualia van ,?omas ,kempis4 ,utre*t1 #ahhb4 ,also 8 ,les ,holl&ismes de l',imitation de ,jsus-,*ri/ et trois anci5nes v]sions du livre4 ,rponse ,m4 le ,*evali] ,b4 ,v]atti1 pr(esseur ,modne4 ,utre*t1 #ahhc4 ,& 8 ,n\velle ,df5se de ,?omas ,kempis specialem5t en ,rponse a ,r4 ,p4 ,d5ifle1 s\s-ar*ivi/e du ,vatican4 ,utre*t4 #ahhd4 #ah;,annales ,typographici1 ,vol4 ,x41 pp4 #aia-id4 #ai,za*>iae ,f]r]ii1 ,v9c5t4 ,pont4 ,g>di54 ,hymni novi ,ecclesia/ici juxta v]am ,metri et ,lat9itatis normam a ,beatiss4 ,patre ,clem5te ,,vii4 ,pont4 ,max4 ut 9 ,div9is quisque eis uti possit approbate4444 ,sanctum et neccess>ium opus4 ,brevi>ium ecclesia/icum ab eodem ,za*4 ,pont4 longe brevius ac facilius r$ditum et ab omne errore propi$em exibit4 ,impressum hoc div9um ,opus ,romae4444 ,kal4 ,febru4 ,,mdxxv4 7,,cxv4 leaves1 qu>to47 #bj;,brevi>ium ,romanum ex ,sacra potissimum ,scriptura et probatis ,sanctorum ,hi/oriis nup] confectum4 ,scrutam9i ,scripturas1 quoniam illa sunt1 quae te/imonium p]hib5t de ,me4 ,ioannis ,v4 ,romae ,,mdxxxv4 7,new ,edition2 d5uo p] eundem ,auctorem recognitum 9 #aecg47 ,t5 editions 9 all are record$1 ( :i* ! la/ consi/$ ( a s+le copy manufactur$ at ,p>is 9 #afgi = ! libr>y ( ! great ,colb]t 7,brevi>ium ,colb]t9um74 #ba;,hymni ,sacri1 ,p>is1 #afhe & #afid4 ,a second s]ies 9 #afih4 ,! two collections toge!r 9 #agbc4 ,!y are includ$ 9 ! editions ( 8 works :i* appe>$ 9 #afih & #agbi1 b n 9 t ( #afid4 ,betwe5 sixty & sev5ty ( !m w be f\nd 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,newman's ,hymni ,ecclesiae1 ,"p ,fir/ 7,london1 #ahch & #ahfe71 b )\t ! au?or's "n4 ,z ,newman omits ! hymns 9 honor ( ! sa9ts n m5tion$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 ! f9e hymns to ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & ,/4 ,judocus are n includ$4 ,!re are ,fr5* translations by ,abb ,saur91 #afia 7?ird edition1 #afih71 & by ,j4 ,p4 ,c4 ,d41 9 #agfj4 ,= ,engli% translations see especially ,rev4 ,isaac ,williams's ,hymns ( ! ,p>isian ,brevi>y 7#ahci71 & ,j4 ,d4 ,*amb]s's ,lauda ,syon 7#aheg71 & ! ,lyra ,messianica 7#ahfd74 #bb,see note on ,luke #b3ad 9 ! second volume ( ,we/cott & ,hort's ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,orig9al ,greek4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahhb4 #bc,! ,te ,deum has x1 #e4 ,sanctus1 ,sanctus1 ,sanctus1 ,dom9us ,deus ,sabao?1 #f4 ,pl5i sunt coeli et t]ra maje/atis gloriae tuae4 ,9 ! ,vulgate1 ,isaiah #f1 x reads1 ,sanctus1 ,sanctus1 ,sanctus1 ,dom9us ,deus ex]citum1 ,pl5a e/ omnis t]ra gloriae ejus4 ,! ,septuag9t1 f :i* ! old] ,lat9 v]sion 0 made1 reta9$ ! ,hebrew ^w ,sabao?1 in/ead ( translat+ x4 ,v]se #f is an expansion ( ! ,scripture text4 #bd;,die ,kir*weih-,hymn53 ,*ri/e ,cunctorum dom9ator alme4 ,urbs beata ,hirusalem4 #dto4 ,halle1 #ahfg4 #be;,f ,mo/>ab 7p>ticiple ( ! ,arabic v]b ,e/>ab71 ,arabiz$1 con=m$ to ,arabic modes ( life4 ,a misnom] 9 ?is case4 ,x is ! old ,spani% liturgy z arrang$ by ,isidore ( ,seville1 & long upheld by ! ,spani% cl]gy aga9/ ! attempt to introduce t ( ,rome4 ,! ,missal & ,brevi>y 7 fir/ publi%$ by ,c>d9al ,xim5es 9 #aejj2 !n c>efully edit$ by ,alex&] ,lesley1 a ,scotti% ,jesuit 7,rome1 #agee74 ,8 edition1 ) its le>n$ app>atus1 is repr9t$ 9 ,volumes ,,lxxxi4-,,ii4 ( ,abb ,migne's ,patrologia ,lat9a4 #bf;,a ,critical ,hi/ory ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,ju/ification & ,reconciliation4 ,by ,albre*t ,rits*l1 ,pr(essor ,ord9>ius ( ,!ology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,gtt+54 ,ed9burgh1 #ahgb4 ,pr(essor ,rits*l su/a9s 8 view ( ! devotional ,prote/antism ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* by a passage f ! ,missal1 9 :i* ,god is invok$ z non ae/imator m]iti1 s$ v5iae l>gitor1 & by ! rem>kable exhortation to ! dy+ prescrib$ = ! use ( h] prie/s4 ,he also quotes six passages f ! m$iaeval hymns edit$ by ,george ,cass&]4 #bg,see ,private ,pray]s put ,=? by ,au?ority ,dur+ ! ,reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,edit$ = ! ,p>k] ,society by ,rev4 ,william ,k4 ,clay1 ,b4,d4 ,cambridge1 #ahea4 ,x conta9s ! ,engli% ,prim] & ! ,lat9 ,or>ium1 & also ! ,preces ,privatae ( #aefd4 ,?is la/ omits f\r ( ! eight hymns previ\sly au?oriz$ & sub/itutes ano!r4 ,x also conta9s an app5dix ( ,lat9 sacr$ poetry by writ]s ( t c5tury4 ,besides n9e f9e hymns by ,m>c-,antonio ,flam9io1 ! selections are f ,fabricius1 ,melan*?on1 & o!r ,g]man ,lu!rans1 ) "s by ,bi%op ,john ,p>khur/1 ( ,norwi*4 #bh,see 8 ,gho/ly ,psalms & ,spiritual ,songs 9 ,rema9s ( ,myles ,cov]dale1 ,bi%op ( ,exet]4 ,edit$ = ! ,p>k] ,society by ,rev4 ,george ,pe>son1 ,b4,d4 ,cambridge1 #ahdf4 ,) ?is may be comp>$ ! ,scot* v]sions ( ,g]man hymns1 "s ( !m bas$ on ,lat9 orig9als 9 ,gude & ,godlie ,ballates4 ,ed9burgh1 #aegh4 ,repr9t$ ) ,introduction & ,gloss>y by ,david ,la+4 ,ed9burgh1 #ahfh4 ,! que]e/ book 9 ! annals ( hymnology4 #bi,see 8 ,hymns & ,songs ( ! ,*ur*1 ,london1 #afbc & #ahef4 ,"l ,selborne1 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica 7sub voce 8,hymns071 obs]ves t ,)] anticipates ,*>les ,c(f9 9 bas+ a s]ies ( hymns = ! days ( ! week ^u ! days' works ( ! ,creation4 #cj;,john ,h5ry ,newman1 9 8 ,lett] to ,dr4 ,jelf 9 v9dication ( 8 ,tract ,no4 ,,xc41 wrote3 8,i always h cont5d$1 & w cont5d1 t x ! religi\s revival is n satisfactorily acc\nt$ = by any p>ticul> movem5ts ( individuals ^u a p>ticul> spot4 ,! poets & philosoph]s ( ! age h borne witness to x = _m ye>s4 ,^? great names 9 our lit]ature1 ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 ,mr4 ,wordswor?1 ,mr4 ,col]idge1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t ways1 & ) ess5tial diff]5ces "o f ano!r & p]haps f any ,*ur* sy/em1 /ill all be> witness to x4 ,! sy/em ( ,mr4 ,irv+ is ano!r witness to x4 ,! age is mov+ t[>d some?+1 &1 mo/ unhappily1 ! "o religi\s communion :i* has ( late ye>s be5 practically 9 possession ( t some?+1 is ! ,*ur* ( ,rome40 ,,g5]al ,,index4 ,names ( hymn-writ]s 9 small capitals2 translators 9 italics4 ,kempis1 ,?omas1 #bhc-ig4 ,ref]5ces3 #ah1 #cid4 ,hymn3 #bie4 ,abec$>y1 #bg1 #eh1 #hc1 #hf1 #ceg1 #ceh1 #cfb1 #cfc1 #cgd4 ,abel>d1 ,pet]1 #aid-bac4 ,ref]5ces3 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #be1 #aab1 #aea1 #ahg1 #aij1 #aib1 #bad1 #bah1 #bbb1 #bbg1 #bhj1 #cgg4 ,hymn3 #bjh4 ,abra1 #ac1 #bc1 #bg1 #bh4 ,acc5t1 #dc4 ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor1 #bbg-ci4 ,ref]5ces3 #aa1 #ag1 #ah1 #dd1 #aae1 #aee1 #aeg1 #bbb1 #cgg1 #chc1 #chi1 #cig1 #ddb-dc4 ,hymn3 #bbi4 ,adhem>1 #afj4 ,adrian1 ,pope1 #acd4 ,aegidius1 #chf4 ,aelr$1 #chb4 ,aga?a1 ,m>tyr1 #dd4 ,al>d1 ,wilhelm1 #cie4 ,alb]t ! ,great1 #aei1 #bfj1 #bfe4 ,alcu9 7,alb9us ,flaccus71 #cfd4 ,ref]5ces3 #ah1 #bi1 #aab1 #aag1 #aah1 #abc1 #abd1 #aca1 #ade1 #aea1 #cdh4 ,alex&]1 ,j4 ,w41 #aic1 #bga4 ,al=d1 ,h5ry1 #bea4 ,alfr$1 ,k+ ( ,engl&1 #ajg1 #dfe4 ,allit]ation1 #dc1 #aac1 #cee1 #cfb4 ,alv>ez1 ,paul1 #cfh4 ,ambrose1 #dg-fb4 ,ref]5ces3 #h1 #aa1 #ac1 #ad1 #ai1 #cj1 #dd1 #fg1 #hg1 #ajb1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aad1 #aag1 #abj1 #bii1 #caj1 #ccg1 #cea1 #cei1 #djb1 #dbh1 #ddc4 ,hymn3 #ef4 8,ambrosian0 hymns1 #ee-fa1 #cea1 #cec-ee4 ,ammonius1 ,wolfgang1 #cie4 ,ana/asius1 #gg-gi4 ,anatolius1 #ab4 ,anglo-,saxon ,hymn>y1 #cgc-gd1 #dcc4 ,anketell1 ,john1 #de1 #bea1 #dae1 #ddg4 ,anselm ( ,cant]bury1 #cgd1 #cia4 ,ref]5ces3 #aea1 #agg1 #aig1 #ddd4 ,anselm ( ,laon1 #aif4 ,anselm ( ,lucca1 #cge4 ,ref]5ce3 #cgg4 ,antonianus1 ,silvius1 #cbb4 ,antiphons1 #aaa1 #acd1 #acf1 #adj1 #aej1 #cfa1 #cgh1 #chf4 ,aqu9as1 ,?omas1 #bef-ga4 ,ref]5ces3 #ah1 #dd1 #ee1 #bdj1 #cbb1 #chc1 #cig4 ,hymn3 #bfe1 #bfg4 ,arator1 #hd4 ,arians1 #bd1 #ce1 #dh1 #fg1 #ajf1 #ajg4 ,arndt1 ,john1 #dje4 ,arnold1 ,mat!w1 #bdc4 ,ari/otle1 #aea1 #aid1 #aih1 #bfj1 #bff4 ,arturus1 ,s]ranus1 #cei4 ,a?anasius1 #bd1 #bf1 #bi1 #ce1 #cf1 #ci1 #ajd4 ,a!nag5es1 #i4 ,augu/9e1 #ac1 #ad1 #ai1 #bj1 #bc1 #dh1 #di1 #eb1 #ec1 #ee1 #hj1 #abe1 #bhe1 #bii1 #caj1 #cej1 #cic1 #cig4 ,aux5tius1 #bf1 #ci1 #dh4 ,aylw>d1 ,prior1 #cgf1 #ddg4 ,babo1 #cia4 ,bacon1 ,francis1 #ba4 ,bacon1 ,rog]1 #aeb1 #aie4 ,balde1 ,jacob1 #dji4 ,bak]1 ,sir ,h5ry1 #cic1 #dac1 #dcf1 #ddj4 8,bangor ,antiphon>y10 #cfa-fb1 #dbe4 ,b>b>ians1 #hi4 ,b>b>ossa1 #ed1 #bee4 ,b>desanes1 #h4 ,basil1 #h1 #i4 ,basil ! ,great1 #di4 ,bssl]1 ,f]d41 #af1 #dce4 ,bebel1 ,h5ry1 #dai4 ,becket1 ,?omas 1 #chb4 ,ref]5ces3 #cgg1 #chf4 ,b$e1 ! ,v5]able1 #ajj-ac4 ,ref]5ces3 #ad1 #ah1 #dd1 #fb1 #hf1 #ig1 #aja1 #ajf1 #abc1 #abe1 #adc1 #ade1 #aea1 #ceh1 #cfe4 ,hymn3 #aac4 ,b$a1 ,major1 #aji4 ,belis>ius1 #cec4 ,bell>m9e1 #cba1 #cbb4 ,b5$ict ,,xii41 #chg4 ,b5$ict1 ,e4 ,c41 #ag1 #aha1 #ahd1 #bcc1 #bea1 #bga1 #cgi1 #cif1 #dad1 #dci4 ,b5$ict ,biscop1 #aaj4 ,b5$ict ( ,nursia1 #ih1 #ade1 #bef1 #cdi1 #cec4 8,b5$icite10 #d4 ,b5$ict9es1 #hd1 #ih1 #adi1 #aha1 #bef1 #bei4 ( ,/4 ,maur1 #ee1 #aba4 ,b5$ict9e ,mss41 #ii4 ,be[ulf1 #aac4 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 #ahf-ic4 ,ref]5ces3 #aa1 #ah1 #be1 #dd1 #afj1 #aig1 #bjd1 #bad1 #baf1 #bbb1 #bbi1 #bde1 #bfi1 #bga1 #bgd1 #caj1 #cgg1 #cgi1 #chc1 #cie1 #dje1 #ddc4 ,hymn3 #aic4 ,b]n>d ( ,cluny1 #bbb-bf4 ,ref]5ces3 #ae1 #ah1 #dd1 #agf1 #ahj1 #bad1 #bgg1 #dbd4 ,rhyme3 #bbd4 ,b]ti]1 #chb4 ,besnault1 ,seba/ian1 #cdd4 ,ref]5ces3 #ccg1 #ceh4 ,bibliographical ,notes1 #daf-de4 ,bjorn1 ,g4 ,a41 #dbf4 ,blew1 ,w4 ,j41 #dac4 ,boe?ius1 #ah1 #hj1 #hh1 #abe1 #ade1 #adg1 #bjj1 #cec4 ,bonav5tura1 ,john1 #bfa-fe4 ,ref]5ces3 #ah1 #dd1 #bdj1 #bde1 #bgj1 #chc4 ,hymn3 #bga4 ,boniface1 #abh4 ,bonn1 ,h]mann1 #cie4 ,bossuet1 #ccd1 #ccg4 ,br&]1 ,joa*im1 #chi-ij4 ,br&t1 ,seba/ian1 #cid4 ,brevi>ies1 #caf-df4 ,ref]5ces3 #bi1 #cic1 #daf4 ,brevi>y ( ,ang]s1 #cic4 ,braga1 #cic4 ,cluny1 #dd1 #cbh1 #cce4 ,h]e=d1 #ajb4 ,koeln1 #cic4 ,le ,mans1 #cic4 ,liege1 #cic4 ,lbec1 #cic4 ,ma9z1 #cic4 ,meiss51 #cic4 ,moz>abic1 #ae1 #ca1 #dg1 #gc1 #ceh1 #cei-fj4 ,noyon1 #cic4 ,p>aclete1 #bji4 ,p>is1 #cbh-df4 ,ref]5ces3 #af1 #dd1 #afa1 #bfh1 #cee1 #ceh1 #dab1 #dac4 ,poiti]s1 #cic4 ,r5nes1 #cic4 ,roman1 #cag-bh4 ,ref]5ces3 #ag1 #dd1 #eh1 #gj1 #hc1 #cee1 #ceh1 #cfd1 #cfe1 #cfg1 #cga1 #cgb1 #cgg1 #cii1 #djh1 #dab1 #ddj1 #dda4 ,s>um1 #ajb1 #che1 #cib1 #dcc4 ,tol$o1 #bji4 ,trondhjem1 #cib4 ,york1 #ajb4 ,bright1 ,m>%all ,h41 #bea4 ,william1 #bea4 ,brita91 #he1 #ig1 #ajf4 ,br[]1 ,*ri/oph]1 #aah4 ,br[ne1 ,sir ,?omas1 #ceh4 ,br[nell1 ,h4 ,h41 #bea4 ,brunehilda1 #ia1 #ib1 #aje4 ,bugell5sis1 ,augu/9us1 #bde4 ,buns51 ,c4 ,j4 ,c41 #bej4 ,bunyan1 ,john1 #be4 ,bute1 ,m>quis (1 #cbd4 ,ca$mon1 #aac4 ,caes> ( ,arles1 #hj1 #cdi1 #cec4 ,cam]>ius1 ,joa*im1 #cie4 ,campbell1 ,r41 #dac4 ,canticles1 #d1 #cag1 #djf4 ,canonical ,h\rs1 #caf4 ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #bdi4 ,c>?usians1 #bhe4 ,casimir1 #cia4 ,cass&]1 ,george1 #ad1 #cea1 #dba4 ,cassiodorus1 ,caius1 #abe1 #adg4 ,caswall1 ,edw>d1 #ag1 #aic1 #bea1 #bih1 #cbe1 #cii1 #dja1 #dac1 #dcb1 #dda4 ,catacombs1 #ci1 #dj1 #dd4 ,ceolfrid1 #aaj4 ,*amb]s1 ,j4 ,d41 #cga1 #cgd1 #chd1 #che1 #chh1 #dac1 #dce4 ,*&l]1 ,john1 #ag1 #bea1 #cch1 #dab1 #dbh4 ,*>les1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,r41 #ca1 #aac1 #agg1 #bcj1 #bea1 #big1 #ceh1 #dad1 #dce4 ,*>les ! ,bald1 #abj4 ,*>les ! ,great 7,*>lemagne71 #aae1 #abg1 #acb1 #acd1 #aci1 #afj1 #cfd1 #chf4 ,*oral ,s*ool ( ,/4 ,gall1 #acc1 #dcf4 ,*ri/ian ,poets1 ,five fir/1 #hd4 8,*ri/ian ,ye>1 ,!10 #cdc4 ,*ryso/om1 #h1 #bc4 ,ci/]cians1 #ahh1 #bae1 #bhe1 #cic4 ,citeaux1 #ahg1 #ahh4 ,clairvaux1 #ahi4 ,claudianus ,mam]tus1 #cj4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 #i4 ,cli*tove1 ,jo/e1 #cid4 ,ref]5ces3 #ad1 #bbh1 #cea1 #dbj4 ,cluny1 ,dispute at1 #baf4 ,coeur de ,lion1 ,ri*>d1 #ba4 ,c(f91 ,*>les1 #cce-ci4 ,ref]5ces3 #dd1 #ccc1 #dab4 ,hymns3 #cch4 ,coles1 ,abraham1 #ag1 #bbc1 #bea1 #dad1 #dcf1 #dch4 ,coll9us1 ,mat?ias1 #cid4 ,columba 7,columcille71 #cee-eg1 #cfj4 ,ref]5ces3 #aja1 #abj1 #acc4 ,combault1 ,m41 #cde4 ,ref]5ce3 #ccg4 ,commire1 ,jean1 #cdb4 ,ref]5ce3 #ccg4 ,common ,life1 ,bre?r5 & ,si/]s ( !1 #bhd-ij1 #cid4 ,common ,pray]1 ,book (1 #cbj1 #djf4 ,compil]s ( ,lat9 hymns1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #cia1 #djd1 #daa4 ,conrad1 #chf4 ,corbeil1 ,pi]re de1 #chj4 ,corpus ,*ri/i1 ,fe/ival (1 #bfe1 #bfg4 ,cos91 ,bi%op1 #djf4 ,c\s91 #ag4 ,cov]dale1 ,bi%op ,miles1 #djg4 ,c[p]1 ,wm41 #ab1 #if4 ,cra%aw1 ,ri*>d1 #ahb1 #bej1 #djg4 ,cripp51 ,t4 ,g41 #cgh1 #ddj4 ,crusades1 #aid1 #bbb1 #bdj1 #cgg4 ,cu?b]t1 #aji1 #aac4 ,cyprian ( ,c>?age1 #bj1 #bd4 ,cyxilla1 #cei4 ,damasus1 ,pope1 #ce-df4 ,ref]5ces3 #ej1 #if1 #cii4 ,poems3 #db4 ,damiani1 ,pet]1 #afi-gh4 ,ref]5ces3 #ad1 #hf1 #bbd1 #bbi1 #bii1 #cjf1 #cba1 #cej1 #cgc1 #chd4 ,hymns3 #agg4 ,daniel1 ,h4 ,a41 #ad1 #bej1 #dbi1 #dcj1 #dci4 ,dante1 #agg1 #bjj1 #bda1 #bgi4 8,de ,contemptu ,mundi10 #bbb4 8,de ,imitatione10 #bij-ie1 #cij4 ,v]sions (1 #bic4 ,de la ,brunetire1 #ccg4 ,de ,rance1 #cbi1 #ccj1 #ccd4 ,dext]1 ,h4 ,m41 #i4 8,dies ,irae10 #bdj-ed1 #dbi1 #dcf1 #dch1 #def4 ,translations1 #bej4 ,dix1 ,j4 ,a41 #bea4 ,wm4 ,c41 #bea4 ,wm4 ,g41 #bea4 ,dom9ic1 #agc1 #bdj1 #beh1 #bei1 #bhe1 #chc4 ,dom9icans1 #beg-fd4 ,drepanius ,florus1 #cfh4 ,drummond1 ,wm41 #bcc1 #djh4 ,dryd51 ,john1 #djg1 #djh1 #ddg4 ,duffield1 ,dr4 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sup]ni ord9es1 #cgf4 ,omni die dic ,m>iae1 #cia4 ,omnis mundus jucundetur1 #chf4 ,omnium virtutum gemmis1 #aci4 ,opprobriis ,jesu satur1 #cch4 ,optatus votis omnium1 #eg4 ,orabo m5te dom9um1 #ef4 ,p&itur saxo tumulus remoto1 #cdb4 ,pange1 l+ua1 gloriosi ,corporis my/]ium1 #ee1 #bfh4 ,pange l+ua gloriosi1 praelium c]tam9is1 #cj1 #if1 #beb1 #daj4 ,p>5dum e/1 c$5dum e/1 #cig4 ,pas*alis fe/i gaudium1 #agg4 ,pa/is visc]ibus1 ciboque sumpto1 #gb4 ,patris sapi5tia1 v]itas div9a1 #cgg1 #chg1 #djb4 ,paule doctor ,egregie1 #agg4 ,paulus ,sion ar*itecta1 #chd4 ,pax concordat univ]sa1 #chc4 ,p]fectum tr9um num]um1 #eg4 ,plasmator hom9is ,deus1 #eg4 ,plaudite coeli1 #cig1 #cih4 ,plausu *orus laetebundo1 #bch4 ,pone luctum1 ,magdal5a1 #cig4 ,po/ matut9as laudes1 #eg4 ,praecessor almus gratiae1 #aac4 ,praecursor altus lum9is1 #aac4 ,precamur ,patrem1 #cfa4 ,primatis aulae coelicae1 #cea4 ,primo di]um omnium1 #ajh4 ,primo ,deus coeli globum1 #aac4 ,promissa1 tellus1 concipe gaudia1 #cdd4 ,prope e/ cl>itud9is magnae dies1 #cic4 ,psallat plebis sexus omnis voce corde c>m9a1 #cee4 ,pu] natus 9 ,be?lehem1 #chg1 #cib1 #cid4 ,pu] nobis nascitur1 #chg4 ,pugnate1 ,*ri/i milites1 #cdj4 ,quae /ella sole pul*rior1 #cch1 #cda4 ,quanta mihi cura de te1 #bif4 ,quem pa/ores laudav]e1 #chg4 ,quem t]ra pontus ae!ra1 #if4 ,qui sunt i/i1 qui volant1 #cic4 ,qui t] quat]na d5ique1 #gb4 ,quicumque ,*ri/um qu]itis1 #fi1 #gb4 ,quicunque c]tum qu]itis1 #cii1 #dja4 ,quicunque salvus vult1 #ceh1 #cia4 ,quid e/ quod arctum circulum1 #gb4 ,quid1 tyranne1 quid m9>is1 #agg1 #cea4 ,quod *orus vatum1 #cfg4 ,recolamus sacram co5am1 #chf4 ,record>e sanctae crucis1 #bga4 ,rector pot5s1 v]ax ,deus1 #ef4 ,r$ditum luci1 ,dom9o vocante1 #cdb4 ,refulgit omnia luce mundus aurea1 #cff4 ,reg9a coeli laet>e1 #che4 ,requiescat a labore1 #baa1 #cjj4 ,r]um ,creator omnium1 #dje4 ,r]um ,creator optime1 #eg4 ,r]um ,deus t5ax vigor1 #ef4 ,resonet 9 laudibus1 #chf4 ,resultet tellus et alta coelorum ma*9a1 #cic4 ,rex ,*ri/e1 factor omnium1 #ajh1 #aag1 #djb4 ,rex ,deus imm5se1 #cei4 ,rex omnipot5s1 #aee1 #aeh1 #aei4 ,rex regum ,dei agne1 #afb4 ,rex sanctorum angelorum1 #cfi4 ,sac] octav>um dies1 #cei4 ,sacrae ,*ri/i celebremus1 #chi4 ,sacrata ,*ri/i tempora1 #cei4 ,sacratissimi ,m>tyres summi ,dei1 #cfb4 ,sacratum hoc templum ,dei1 #eg4 ,sacris solemniis juncta s9t gaudia1 #bfh4 ,saevus bella s]it b>b>us horr5s1 #eg4 ,sanctae ,sion adsunt enca5ia1 #cib4 ,sancte ,dei pretiose1 #cgd4 ,sancti ,spiritus adsit nobis gratia1 #acg1 #aee1 #aeh4 ,sancti v5ite1 #cfa4 ,sanctissimae ,tr9itatis1 #aha4 ,sanctitatis nova signa1 #bdd1 #bdf4 ,sanctorum m]itis inclyta gaudia1 #cee1 #cfd4 ,sanctus humili prece1 #acf4 ,salvator mundi1 ,dom9e1 #ceh4 ,salve caput cru5tatum1 #ah1 #aic4 ,salve1 ,crux1 arbor1 #bca4 ,salve crux sancta1 salve mundi gloria1 #cgf4 ,salve fe/a dies1 toto v5]abilis aevo1 #cib4 ,salve pat] ,augu/9e1 #chd4 ,salve reg9a1 #aee1 #afj1 #afa1 #afe4 ,salve sancta p>5s enixa1 #hf4 ,salve tropaeum gloriae1 #aac4 ,salvete flores m>tyrum1 #gb1 #cdj1 #daj4 ,s]ve meus noli metu]e1 #bif4 ,sidus ex cl>o v5i5s ,olympo1 #cid4 ,simon ,b>jona1 #aee1 #aei4 ,simplex 9 ess5tia1 #bce4 ,sit ignis atque lux mihi1 #cif4 ,si vis v]e glori>i1 #cib4 ,sol ecce surgit igneus1 #gb4 ,somno refectis artubus1 #ef4 ,son5t ,regi nato nova cantica1 #cic4 ,spe m]c$is et coronae1 #chf4 ,spiritus div9ae lucis gloriae1 #cfa4 ,spiritus ,sancti gratia1 #chh4 ,spiritus ,sancti adsit nobis gratia1 #aaf4 ,spl5dor pat]nae gloriae1 #ef1 #fj4 ,spiritus ,recreator1 #bcc4 ,squal5t arva soli pulv]e multo1 #ef4 ,/abat ,mat] dolorosa1 #ag1 #aad1 #aeg1 #agd1 #bfh1 #bgh1 #bha4 ,/abat ,mat] speciosa1 #bgh1 #bha4 ,/atuta decreto ,dei1 #cch4 ,/ella m>is1 ,o ,m>ia1 #che4 ,/ephano primo m>tyri1 #eg4 ,/upete g5tes1 fit ,deus ho/ia1 #ccc4 ,summae ,deus clem5tiae1 #ef4 ,summi l>gitor praemii1 #ajh4 ,surg5tes ad ,te1 ,dom9e1 #cei4 ,surgit ,*ri/us cum tropaeo1 #cic4 ,surrexit ,*ri/e hodie1 #cgg4 ,t&em laborum gloriosi pr9cipes1 #cdf4 ,tantem audite me1 #cig4 ,te ,be?lehem celebrat1 #cej4 ,te ,deum laudamus1 #d1 #ab1 #bi1 #cdh1 #che1 #djf4 ,te lucis ante t]mium1 #eg1 #ceh4 ,te lucis auctor p]son5t1 #aeh1 #ceb4 ,te ,matrem laudamus1 #che4 ,telluris +5s conditor1 #eg1 #ced4 ,tellus et ae?'ra jubil5t1 #ceg4 ,tempus noctis surg5tibus1 #eg4 ,t] hora tr9a volvitur1 #eg4 ,t] sancte1 t] pot5s ,deus1 #cdb4 ,t] ,sanctus1 #d1 #cdi4 ,t]nis t] horis num]us1 #eg4 ,tibi ,*ri/e spl5dor ,patris1 #abj4 ,tota vita ,jesu ,*ri/i1 #bie4 ,tr9itas1 ,unitas1 ,deitas1 #chj4 ,tri/es erant apo/oli1 #ef4 ,tri/es nunc populi1 ,*ri/e r$emptor1 #eg4 ,tu ,tr9itatis unitas1 #eg4 ,ubi modo e/ ,jesus1 ubi e/ ,m>ia1 #bif4 ,unam duorum gloriam1 #cea4 ,unde planctus et lam5tum1 #che4 ,urbs ,aqu5sis1 urbs regalis1 #chf4 ,urbs beata ,hirusalem1 dicta pacis visio1 #cbd1 #cdd1 #ceg1 #cfc4 ,urbs beata1 v]a pacis1 #cdd1 #ceh4 ,urbs ,j]usalem beata1 #cbh1 #ceh4 ,ut queant laxis1 #cj1 #cfe4 ,v5i ,creator ,spiritus1 #aad-aca1 #acg1 #afj1 #bcc1 #bfi1 #cfd1 #djf1 #djh4 ,v5i jam v5i1 #cge4 ,v5i1 praecelsa dom9a1 #che4 ,v5i ,r$emptor g5tium1 #af1 #ef1 #daj4 ,v5i ,sancte ,spiritus1 #af1 #aad1 #aec-afh1 #bfi1 #bgh1 #bha1 #che4 ,v5i1 sancte ,spiritus1 ,reple1 #aei1 #chf4 ,v5i1 v5i ,emmanuel1 #cgh4 ,v5i1 v5i1 rex gloriae1 #chh4 ,v]bum bonum et suave1 #chc4 ,v]bum c>o factum e/1 #bhj1 #chg4 ,v]bum ,dei1 ,deo natum1 #bcc1 #chc4 ,v]bum sup]num prodi5s1 a ,patre1 #eg4 ,v]bum sup]num prodi5s1 ,nec ,patris1 #bfh4 ,vexilla ,regis prodeunt1 #af1 #ic1 #bfh1 #daj4 ,victimae pas*ali laudes immol5t ,*ri/iani1 #cff4 ,victor1 ,nabor1 ,felix pii1 #eg4 ,vidit anguis1 #fd4 ,virg9is 9 gremio1 #chi4 ,virg9is proles opifexque matris1 #cfg4 ,virgo ,dei g5itrix1 #fd1 #cfg4 ,virgo virg9um praecl>a1 #cii4 ,viri ,galilaei1 #aci4 ,vitam ,jesu /ude imit>i1 #bie4 ,vox cl>a ecce intonat1 #eg4 ,vox haec melos pangat1 #afj4 ,zyma vetus expurgetur1 #bcf4 ,notes to ! ,electronic ,edition ,= ! sake ( ! e,book =mat1 ^! *anges 7 made f ! pr9t$ book3 --,add$ a 8,table ( ,cont5ts0 --,9 ?is ,,ascii-bas$ text1 8ae0 & 8oe0 ligatures 7:i* repres5t a m]e typographical conv5tion1 n au?orial int5t7 are exp&$4 --,sil5tly correct$ sev]al inconsi/5tly ind5t$ l9es ( poetry4 --,exp&$ mat]ial :i* 0 9 two columns only = ! sake ( compression4