,cov] ,illu/ration ,,trials ,,( ,,w> ,,crim9als ,,be=e ,,! ,,nu]nb]g ,,milit>y ,,tribunals ,,"u ,,control ,,c\ncil ,,law ,no4 #aj ,illu/ration ,,volume ,i ,,nu]nb]g ,,octob] #aidf-;,,april #aidi ,= sale by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice ,wa%+ton #be1 ,d4 ,c4 -- ,price #b4ge 7,buckram7 ,,preface ,9 ,april #aidi1 judgm5t 0 r5d]$ 9 ! la/ ( ! s]ies ( #ab ,nu]nb]g w> crimes trials :i* _h begun 9 ,octob] #aidf & 7 held pursuant to ,alli$ ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,f> f be+ ( conc]n solely to lawy]s1 ^! trials are ( especial int]e/ to soldi]s1 hi/orians1 /ud5ts ( int]national affairs1 & o!rs4 ,! def5dants 9 ^! proce$+s1 *>g$ ) w> crimes & o!r (f5ses aga9/ int]national p5al law1 7 prom95t figures 9 ,hitl]'s ,g]many & includ$ su* out/&+ diplomats & politicians z ! ,/ate ,secret>y ( ! ,=eign ,(fice1 von ,weizsaeck]1 & cab9et m9i/]s von ,krosigk & ,lamm]s2 milit>y lead]s su* z ,field ,m>%als von ,leeb1 ,li/1 & von ,kue*l]2 ,,ss lead]s su* z ,ohl5dorf1 ,pohl1 & ,hildebr&t2 indu/riali/s su* z ,flick1 ,alfri$ ,krupp1 & ! directors ( ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b52 & lead+ pr(essional m5 su* z ! fam\s physician ,g]h>d ,rose1 & ! juri/ & ,act+ ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice1 ,s*legelb]g]4 ,9 view ( ! weight ( ! accusations & ! f>-flung activities ( ! def5dants1 & ! extraord9>y am\nt ( (ficial contemporane\s ,g]man docum5ts introduc$ 9 evid5ce1 ! records ( ^! trials con/itute a major s\rce ( hi/orical mat]ial cov]+ _m ev5ts ( ! fateful ye>s #aicc 7& ev5 e>li]7 to #aide1 9 ,g]many & else:]e 9 ,europe4 ,! ,nu]nb]g trials "u ,law ,no4 #aj 7 c>ri$ out "u ! direct au?ority ( ! ,alli$ ,control ,c\ncil1 z manife/$ 9 t law1 :i* au?oriz$ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,tribunals4 ,! judicial ma*9]y = ! trials1 includ+ ! ,milit>y ,tribunals & ! ,(fice1 ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes1 0 prescrib$ by ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t ,ord9ance ,no4 #g & 0 "p ( ! occupation adm9i/ration = ! ,am]ican zone1 ! ,(fice ( ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t 7,,omgus74 ,law ,no4 #aj1 ,ord9ance ,no4 #g1 & o!r basic jurisdictional or adm9i/rative docum5ts are pr9t$ 9 full h]e9aft]4 ,! proce$+s 9 ^! trials 7 conduct$ ?r\gh\t 9 ! ,g]man & ,engli% languages1 & 7 record$ 9 full by /5ographic notes1 & by electrical s\nd record+ ( all oral proce$+s4 ,! #ab cases requir$ ov] #a1bjj days ( c\rt proce$+s & ! transcript ( ^! proce$+s exce$s #ccj1jjj pages1 exclusive ( hundr$s ( docum5t books1 briefs1 etc4 ,publication ( all ( ?is mat]ial1 accord+ly1 0 q unfeasible4 ,?is s]ies1 h[ev]1 conta9s ! indictm5ts1 judgm5ts1 & o!r important portions ( ! record ( ! #ab cases1 & x is believ$ t ^! mat]ials give a fair picture ( ! trials1 & z full & illum9at+ a picture z is possible )9 ! space available4 ,copies ( ! entire record ( ! trials are available 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ! ,national ,ar*ives1 & else:]e4 ,9 "s cases1 due to "t limitations1 errors ( "o sort or ano!r h crept into ! translations :i* 7 available to ! ,tribunal4 ,9 o!r cases ! same docum5t appe>s 9 diff]5t trials1 or ev5 at diff]5t p>ts ( ! same trial1 ) v>iations 9 translation4 ,= ! mo/ "p ^! inconsi/5cies h be5 all[$ to rema9 & only su* errors z might cause misund]/&+ h be5 correct$4 ,volume ,i & "p ( ,volume ,,ii ( ?is s]ies are d$icat$ to ! fir/ ( ! twelve cases1 ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,k>l ,br&t1 et al4 7,case ,no4 #a74 ,?is trial has become kn[n z ! ,m$ical ,case1 because #bj ( ! #bc def5dants 7 doctors1 & ! *>ges relat$ pr9cipally to m$ical exp]im5tation on human be+s4 ,! rema9d] ( ,volume ,,ii is devot$ to ! trial ( =m] ,field ,m>%al ,erh>d ,mil*1 :o 0 also *>g$ ) crim9al responsibilities = m$ical exp]im5tation on human be+s 7( :i* *>ge he 0 acquitt$71 & ) responsibility = ! deportation to =c$ labor ( num]\s civilians1 9 violation ( ! laws ( w> 7( :i* *>ge he 0 convict$74 ,,cont5ts ,preface ,,iii ,trials ( ,w> ,crim9als be=e ,nu]nb]g ,milit>y ,tribunals ,,vii ,decl>ation on ,g]man ,atrocities ,,viii ,executive ,ord] #iedg ,,ix ,london ,agreem5t ( #h ,augu/ #aide ,,ix ,*>t] ( ,! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal ,,xi ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj ,,xvi ,executive ,ord] #ifgi ,,xx ,g5]al ,ord]s ,numb] #cja1 ,hq4 ,,usfet1 #bd ,octob] #aidf ,,xx ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t--,g]many1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,zone1 ,ord9ance ,no4 #g ,,xxi ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t--,g]many1 ,ord9ance ,no4 #aa ,,xxvi ,(ficials ( ! ,(fice ( ! ,secret>y ,g5]al ,,xxviii 8,! ,m$ical ,case0 ,introduction #c ,ord] ,con/itut+ ,tribunal ,i #e ,memb]s ( ! ,tribunal #f ,prosecution ,c\nsel #g ,def5se ,c\nsel #g ,i4 ,indictm5t #h ,,ii4 ,arraignm5t #ah ,,iii4 ,/atem5t ( ! ,tribunal on ! ,ord] ( ,trial & ,rules ( ,proc$ure1 #i ,decemb] #aidf #bd ,,iv4 ,op5+ ,/atem5t ( ! ,prosecution by ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,tel=d ,taylor1 #i ,decemb] #aidf #bg ,v4 ,introductory ,/atem5t on ! ,pres5tation ( ,evid5ce ,made by ! ,prosecution1 #aj ,decemb] #aidf #ge ,,vi4 ,organization ( ! ,g]man ,m$ical ,s]vices #ha ,,vii4 ,extracts f ,argum5tation & ,evid5ce ( ,prosecution & ,def5se #ib ,a4 ,m$ical ,exp]im5ts #ib #a4 ,high-altitude ,exp]im5ts #ib #b4 ,freez+ ,exp]im5ts #aih #c4 ,mal>ia ,exp]im5ts #bgh #d4 ,lo/ 7,mu/>d7 ,gas ,exp]im5ts #cad #e4 ,sulfanilamide ,exp]im5ts #ced #f4 ,bone1 ,muscle & ,n]ve ,reg5]ation1 & ,bone ,transplantation ,exp]im5ts #cia #g4 ,sea-wat] ,exp]im5ts #dah #h4 ,epidemic ,jaundice ,exp]im5ts #did #i4 ,typhus & ,o!r ,vacc9e ,exp]im5ts #ejh #aj4 ,exp]im5ts ) ,poison #fca #aa4 ,inc5di>y ,bomb ,exp]im5ts #fci #ab4 ,phlegmon ,exp]im5ts #fec #ac4 ,polygal ,exp]im5ts #ffi #ad4 ,gas ,o$ema 7,ph5ol7 ,exp]im5ts #fhd #ae4 ,exp]im5ts = ,mass ,/]ilization #fid ,b4 ,jewi% ,skeleton ,collection #gch ,c4 ,project to kill ,tub]cul> ,poli% ,nationals #gei ,d4 ,eu?anasia #gid ,e4 ,selections f ,photographic ,evid5ce ( ! ,prosecution #hig ,,viii4 ,evid5ce & ,argum5ts on ,important ,aspects ( ! ,case #iji ,a4 ,applicability ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 to (f5ses aga9/ ,g]mans ,dur+ ! ,w> #iji ,b4 ,responsibility ( ,sup]iors = ,acts ( ,subord9ates #ibe ,c4 ,responsibility ( ,subord9ates = ,acts ,c>ri$ ,out "u ,sup]ior ,ord]s #ieg ,d4 ,/atus ( ,occupi$ ,pol& "u ,int]national ,law #igd ,e4 ,volunt>y ,p>ticipation ( ,exp]im5tal ,subjects #ihj 7,sec4 ,,viii cont9u$ 9 ,vol4 ,,ii7 ,,volume ,,ii ,,viii4 ,evid5ce & ,argum5ts on ,important ,aspects ( ! ,case ,f4 ,necessity ,g4 ,subjection to ,m$ical ,exp]im5tation z ,sub/itute = ,p5alties ,h4 ,usefulness ( ! ,exp]im5ts ,i4 ,m$ical ,e?ics #a4 ,g5]al #b4 ,g]man ,m$ical ,pr(ession #c4 ,m$ical ,exp]im5ts 9 o!r ,c\ntries ,,ix4 ,rul+ ( ! ,tribunal on ,c\nt ,"o ( ! ,indictm5t ,x4 ,f9al ,plea = ,def5dant ,k>l ,br&t by ,dr4 ,s]vatius ,,xi4 ,f9al ,/atem5ts ( ! ,def5dants1 #ai ,july #aidg ,,xii4 ,judgm5t ,s5t5ces ,,xiii4 ,petitions ,,xiv4 ,affirmation ( ,s5t5ces by ! ,comm&] ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,zone ( ,occupation ,,xv4 ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,d5ial ( ,writs ( ,habeas ,corpus ,app5dix ,table ( ,comp>ative ,ranks ,li/ ( ,witnesses 9 ,case ,i ,index ,,trials ,,( ,,w> ,,crim9als ,,be=e ,,nu]nb]g ,,milit>y ,,tribunals ,case ,no4 ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/ ,popul> ,"n ,volume ,no4 #a ,k>l ,br&t1 et al4 ,m$ical ,case ,i & ,,ii #b ,erh>d ,mil* ,mil* ,case ,,ii #c ,josef ,alt/oett]1 et al4 ,ju/ice ,case ,,iii #d ,oswald ,pohl1 et al4 ,pohl ,case ,v #e ,fri$ri* ,flick1 et al4 ,flick ,case ,,vi #f ,c>l ,krau*1 et al4 ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b5 ,case ,,vii & ,,viii #g ,wilhelm ,li/1 et al4 ,ho/age ,case ,,xi #h ,ulri* ,greifelt1 et al4 ,ru,s,h,a ,case ,,iv & ,v #i ,otto ,ohl5dorf1 et al4 ,e9satzgrupp5 ,case ,,iv #aj ,alfr$ ,krupp1 et al4 ,krupp ,case ,,ix #aa ,ern/ von ,weizsaeck]1 et al4 ,m9i/ries ,case ,,xii1 ,,xiii1 & ,,xiv #ab ,wilhelm von ,leeb1 et al4 ,high ,comm& ,case ,x & ,,xi ,proc$ure ,,xv ,,decl>ation ,,on ,,g]man ,,atrocities ,mosc[ ,decl>ation ,releas$ ,novemb] #a1 #aidc ,,! ,,unit$ ,,k+dom1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,soviet ,union h receiv$ f _m qu>t]s evid5ce ( atrocities1 massacres & cold-blood$ mass executions :i* are be+ p]petrat$ by ! ,hitl]ite =ces 9 ! _m c\ntries !y h ov]run & f :i* !y are n[ be+ /eadily expell$4 ,! brutalities ( ,hitl]ite dom9ation are no new ?+ & all ! peoples or t]ritories 9 _! grip h suff]$ f ! wor/ =m ( gov]nm5t by t]ror4 ,:at is new is t _m ( ^! t]ritories are n[ be+ r$eem$ by ! advanc+ armies ( ! lib]at+ ,p[]s & t 9 _! desp]ation1 ! recoil+ ,hitl]ite ,huns are r$\bl+ _! ru?less cruelties4 ,?is is n[ evid5c$ ) p>ticul> cle>ness by mon/r\s crimes ( ! ,hitl]ites on ! t]ritory ( ! ,soviet ,union :i* is be+ lib]at$ f ! ,hitl]ites1 & on ,fr5* & ,italian t]ritory4 ,accord+ly1 ! a=esaid ?ree alli$ ,p[]s1 speak+ 9 ! int]e/s ( ! ?irty-two ?irty-?ree ,unit$ ,nations1 h]eby solemnly decl>e & give full w>n+ ( _! decl>ation z foll[s3 ,at ! "t ( ! grant+ ( any armi/ice to any gov]nm5t :i* may be set up 9 ,g]many1 ^? ,g]man (fic]s & m5 & memb]s ( ! ,nazi p>ty :o h be5 responsible =1 or h tak5 a cons5t+ "p 9 ! above atrocities1 massacres1 & executions1 w be s5t back to ! c\ntries 9 :i* _! abom9able de$s 7 done 9 ord] t !y may be judg$ & puni%$ accord+ to ! laws ( ^! lib]at$ c\ntries & ( ! free gov]nm5ts :i* w be creat$ !re94 ,li/s w be compil$ 9 all possible detail f all ^! c\ntries hav+ reg>d especially to ! invad$ p>ts ( ! ,soviet ,union1 to ,pol& & ,cze*oslovakia1 to ,yugoslavia & ,greece1 includ+ ,crete & o!r isl&s1 to ,norway1 ,d5m>k1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,belgium1 ,luxemburg1 ,france & ,italy4 ,?us1 ! ,g]mans :o take "p 9 :olesale %oot+s ( ,italian (fic]s or 9 ! execution ( ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 ,belgian1 or ,norwegian ho/ages or ( ,cretan peasants1 or :o h %>$ 9 ! slaught]s inflict$ on ! p ( ,pol& or 9 t]ritories ( ! ,soviet ,union :i* are n[ be+ swept cle> ( ! enemy1 w "k t !y w be br\ght back to ! sc5e ( _! crimes & judg$ on ! spot by ! peoples :om !y h outrag$4 ,let ^? :o h hi!rto n imbru$ _! h&s ) innoc5t blood bew>e le/ !y jo9 ! ranks ( ! guilty1 = mo/ assur$ly ! ?ree alli$ ,p[]s w pursue !m to ! utt]mo/ ends ( ! e>? & w deliv] !m to _! accus]s 9 ord] t ju/ice may be done4 ,! above decl>ation is )\t prejudice to ! case ( ! major crim9als1 ^: (f5ces h no p>ticul> geographical localisation & :o w be puni%$ by ! jo9t decision ( ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ! ,allies4 ,sign$ ,roosevelt ,*ur*ill ,/al9 ,,executive ,,ord] #iedg ,provid+ = ,repres5tation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,prep>+ & ,prosecut+ ,*>ges ( ,atrocities & ,w> ,crimes ,aga9/ ! ,lead]s ( ! ,european ,axis ,p[]s & ,_! ,pr9cipal ,ag5ts & ,accessories ,by virtue ( ! au?ority ve/$ 9 me z ,presid5t & z ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,army & ,navy1 "u ! ,con/itution & /atutes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x is ord]$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,associate ,ju/ice ,rob]t ,h4 ,jackson is h]eby designat$ to act z ! ,repres5tative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & z its ,*ief ( ,c\nsel 9 prep>+ & prosecut+ *>ges ( atrocities & w> crimes aga9/ su* ( ! lead]s ( ! ,european ,axis p[]s & _! pr9cipal ag5ts & accessories z ! ,unit$ ,/ates may agree ) any ( ! ,unit$ ,nations to br+ to trial be=e an int]national milit>y tribunal4 ,he %all s]ve )\t additional comp5sation b %all receive su* all[ance = exp5ses z may be au?oriz$ by ! ,presid5t4 #b4 ,! ,repres5tative nam$ h]e9 is au?oriz$ to select & recomm5d to ! ,presid5t or to ! head ( any executive dep>tm5t1 indep5d5t e/abli%m5t1 or o!r f$]al ag5cy necess>y p]sonnel to assi/ 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duties h]eund]4 ,! head ( ea* executive dep>tm5t1 indep5d5t e/abli%m5t1 & o!r f$]al ag5cy is h]eby au?oriz$ to assi/ ! ,repres5tative nam$ h]e9 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duties h]eund] & to employ su* p]sonnel & make su* exp5ditures1 )9 ! limits ( appropriations n[ or h]eaft] available = ! purpose1 z ! ,repres5tative nam$ h]e9 may deem necess>y to accompli% ! purposes ( ?is ord]1 & may make available1 assign1 or detail = duty ) ! ,repres5tative nam$ h]e9 su* memb]s ( ! arm$ =ces & o!r p]sonnel z may be reque/$ = su* purposes4 #c4 ,! ,repres5tative nam$ h]e9 is au?oriz$ to coop]ate )1 & receive ! assi/ance (1 any =eign ,gov]nm5t to ! ext5t deem$ necess>y by him to accompli% ! purposes ( ?is ord]4 ,,h>ry ,s4 ,,truman ,,! ,,:ite ,,h\se1 ,may #b1 #aide4 7,f4 ,r4 ,doc4 #de-gbef2 ,fil$1 ,may #c1 #aide2 #aj3eg a4 m47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london ,,agreem5t ,,( #h ,,augu/ #aide ,,agreem5t by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica1 ! ,provisional ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,,fr5* ,,republic1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,nor!rn ,irel& & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,,union ,,( ,,soviet ,,sociali/ ,,republics = ! ,prosecution & ,puni%m5t ( ! ,,major ,,w> ,,crim9als ( ! ,,european ,,axis ,,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,nations h f "t to "t made decl>ations ( _! int5tion t ,w> ,crim9als %all be br\ght to ju/ice2 ,,& ,,:]eas ! ,mosc[ ,decl>ation ( ! #cj? ,octob] #aidc on ,g]man atrocities 9 ,occupi$ ,europe /at$ t ^? ,g]man ,(fic]s & m5 & memb]s ( ! ,nazi ,p>ty :o h be5 responsible = or h tak5 a cons5t+ "p 9 atrocities & crimes w be s5t back to ! c\ntries 9 :i* _! abom9able de$s 7 done 9 ord] t !y may be judg$ & puni%$ accord+ to ! laws ( ^! lib]at$ c\ntries & ( ! free ,gov]nm5ts t w be creat$ !re92 ,,& ,,:]eas ?is ,decl>ation 0 /at$ to be )\t prejudice to ! case ( major crim9als ^: (f5ses h no p>ticul> geographical location & :o w be puni%$ by ! ,jo9t decision ( ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ! ,allies2 ,,n[ ,,!re=e ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ! ,provisional ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,fr5* ,republic1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,nor!rn ,irel& & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,union ( ,soviet ,sociali/ ,republics 7h]e9aft] call$ 8! ,signatories07 act+ 9 ! int]e/s ( all ! ,unit$ ,nations & by _! repres5tatives duly au?oriz$ !reto h conclud$ ?is ,agreem5t4 ,article #a4 ,!re %all be e/abli%$ aft] consultation ) ! ,control ,c\ncil = ,g]many an ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal = ! trial ( w> crim9als ^: (f5ses h no p>ticul> geographical location :e!r !y be accus$ individually or 9 _! capacity z memb]s ( organizations or gr\ps or 9 bo? capacities4 ,article #b4 ,! con/itution1 jurisdiction & functions ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal %all be ^? set out 9 ! ,*>t] annex$ to ?is ,agreem5t1 :i* ,*>t] %all =m an integral "p ( ?is ,agreem5t4 ,article #c4 ,ea* ( ! ,signatories %all take ! necess>y /eps to make available = ! inve/igation ( ! *>ges & trial ! major w> crim9als deta9$ by !m :o are to be tri$ by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,! ,signatories %all also use _! be/ endeavors to make available = inve/igation ( ! *>ges aga9/ & ! trial be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal su* ( ! major w> crim9als z are n 9 ! t]ritories ( any ( ! ,signatories4 ,article #d4 ,no?+ 9 ?is ,agreem5t %all prejudice ! provisions e/abli%$ by ! ,mosc[ ,decl>ation conc]n+ ! return ( w> crim9als to ! c\ntries :]e !y committ$ _! crimes4 ,article #e4 ,any ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,nations may adh]e to ?is ,agreem5t by notice giv5 ?r\gh ! diplomatic *annel to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 :o %all in=m ! o!r signatory & adh]+ ,gov]nm5ts ( ea* su* adh]5ce4 ,article #f4 ,no?+ 9 ?is ,agreem5t %all prejudice ! jurisdiction or ! p[]s ( any national or occupation c\rt e/abli%$ or to be e/abli%$ 9 any alli$ t]ritory or 9 ,g]many = ! trial ( w> crim9als4 ,article #g4 ,?is agreem5t %all come into =ce on ! day ( signature & %all rema9 9 =ce = ! p]iod ( "o ye> & %all cont9ue !reaft]1 subject to ! "r ( any ,signatory to give1 ?r\gh ! diplomatic *annel1 "o mon?'s notice ( int5tion to t]m9ate x4 ,su* t]m9ation %all n prejudice any proce$+s already tak5 or any f9d+s already made 9 pursuance ( ?is ,agreem5t4 ,,9 ,,witness ,,:]e( ! ,und]sign$ h sign$ ! pres5t ,agreem5t4 ,,done 9 quadruplicate 9 ,london ?is #h? day ( ,augu/ #aide ea* 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,russian1 & ea* text to h equal au!nticity4 ,= ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,,rob]t ,h4 ,,jackson ,= ! ,provisional ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,fr5* ,republic ,,rob]t ,,falco ,= ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,nor!rn ,irel& ,,j[itt1 ,c4 ,= ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,union ( ,soviet ,sociali/ ,republics ,i4 ,,nikit*5ko ,a4 ,,tra99 ,,*>t] ,,( ,,! ,,int]national ,,milit>y ,,tribunal ,i4 ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,int]national ,,milit>y ,,tribunal ,article #a4 ,9 pursuance ( ! ,agreem5t sign$ on ! #h? day ( ,augu/ #aide by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ! ,provisional ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,fr5* ,republic1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,nor!rn ,irel& & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,union ( ,soviet ,sociali/ ,republics1 !re %all be e/abli%$ an ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal 7h]e9aft] call$ 8! ,tribunal07 = ! j & prompt trial & puni%m5t ( ! major w> crim9als ( ! ,european ,axis4 ,article #b4 ,! ,tribunal %all consi/ ( f\r memb]s1 ea* ) an alt]nate4 ,"o memb] & "o alt]nate %all be appo9t$ by ea* ( ! ,signatories4 ,! alt]nates %all1 s f> z !y are able1 be pres5t at all sessions ( ! ,tribunal4 ,9 case ( illness ( any memb] ( ! ,tribunal or 8 incapacity = "s o!r reason to fulfill 8 functions1 8 alt]nate %all take 8 place4 ,article #c4 ,nei!r ! ,tribunal1 its memb]s nor _! alt]nates c be *all5g$ by ! prosecution1 or by ! ,def5dants or _! ,c\nsel4 ,ea* ,signatory may replace its memb] ( ! ,tribunal or 8 alt]nate = reasons ( heal? or = o!r good reasons1 except t no replacem5t may take place dur+ a ,trial1 o!r ?an by an alt]nate4 ,article #d4 7a7 ,! pres5ce ( all f\r memb]s ( ! ,tribunal or ! alt]nate = any abs5t memb] %all be necess>y to con/itute ! quorum4 7b7 ,! memb]s ( ! ,tribunal %all1 be=e any trial beg9s1 agree among !mselves ^u ! selection f _! numb] ( a ,presid5t1 & ! ,presid5t %all hold (fice dur+ t trial1 or z may o!rwise be agre$ by a vote ( n less ?an ?ree memb]s4 ,! pr9ciple ( rotation ( presid5cy = successive trials is agre$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a session ( ! ,tribunal takes place on ! t]ritory ( "o ( ! f\r ,signatories1 ! repres5tative ( t ,signatory on ! ,tribunal %all preside4 7c7 ,save z a=esaid ! ,tribunal %all take decisions by a majority vote & 9 case ! votes are ev5ly divid$1 ! vote ( ! ,presid5t %all be decisive3 provid$ always t convictions & s5t5ces %all only be impos$ by affirmative votes ( at lea/ ?ree memb]s ( ! ,tribunal4 ,article #e4 ,9 case ( ne$ & dep5d+ on ! numb] ( ! matt]s to be tri$1 o!r ,tribunals may be set up2 & ! e/abli%m5t1 functions1 & proc$ure ( ea* ,tribunal %all be id5tical1 & %all be gov]n$ by ?is ,*>t]4 ,,ii4 ,,jurisdiction ,,& ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,article #f4 ,! ,tribunal e/abli%$ by ! ,agreem5t ref]r$ to 9 ,article #a h]e( = ! trial & puni%m5t ( ! major w> crim9als ( ! ,european ,axis c\ntries %all h ! p[] to try & puni% p]sons :o1 act+ 9 ! int]e/s ( ! ,european ,axis c\ntries1 :e!r z individuals or z memb]s ( organizations1 committ$ any ( ! foll[+ crimes4 ,! foll[+ acts1 or any ( !m1 are crimes com+ )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal = :i* !re %all be individual responsibility3 7a7 ,,crimes ,,aga9/ ,,peace3 namely1 plann+1 prep>ation1 initiation or wag+ ( a w> ( aggression1 or a w> 9 violation ( ,int]national treaties1 agreem5ts or assurances1 or p>ticipation 9 a common plan or conspiracy = ! accompli%m5t ( any ( ! =ego+2 7b7 ,,w> ,,crimes3 namely1 violations ( ! laws or cu/oms ( w>4 ,su* violations %all include1 b n be limit$ to1 murd]1 ill-treatm5t or deportation to slave labor or = any o!r purpose ( civilian population ( or 9 occupi$ t]ritory1 murd] or ill-treatm5t ( prison]s ( w> or p]sons on ! seas1 kill+ ( ho/ages1 plund] ( public or private prop]ty1 wanton de/ruction ( cities1 t[ns or villages1 or deva/ation n ju/ifi$ by milit>y necessity2 7c7 ,,crimes ,,aga9/ ,,humanity3 namely1 murd]1 ext]m9ation1 enslavem5t1 deportation1 & o!r inhumane acts committ$ aga9/ any civilian population1 be=e or dur+ ! w>2 or p]secutions on political1 racial or religi\s gr\nds 9 execution ( or 9 connection ) any crime )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal1 :e!r or n 9 violation ( ! dome/ic law ( ! c\ntry :]e p]petrat$4#a ,lead]s1 organiz]s1 in/igators & accomplices p>ticipat+ 9 ! =mulation or execution ( a common plan or conspiracy to commit any ( ! =ego+ crimes are responsible = all acts p]=m$ by any p]sons 9 execution ( su* plan4 ,article #g4 ,! (ficial position ( def5dants1 :e!r z ,heads ( ,/ate or responsible (ficials 9 ,gov]nm5t ,dep>tm5ts1 %all n be consid]$ z free+ !m f responsibility or mitigat+ puni%m5t4 ,article #h4 ,! fact t ! ,def5dant act$ pursuant to ord] ( 8 ,gov]nm5t or ( a sup]ior %all n free him f responsibility1 b may be consid]$ 9 mitigation ( puni%m5t if ! ,tribunal det]m9es t ju/ice s requires4 ,article #i4 ,at ! trial ( any individual memb] ( any gr\p or organization ! ,tribunal may decl>e 79 connection ) any act ( :i* ! individual may be convict$7 t ! gr\p or organization ( :i* ! individual 0 a memb] 0 a crim9al organization4 ,aft] receipt ( ! ,indictm5t ! ,tribunal %all give su* notice z x ?9ks fit t ! prosecution int5ds to ask ! ,tribunal to make su* decl>ation & any memb] ( ! organization w be entitl$ to apply to ! ,tribunal = leave to be he>d by ! ,tribunal ^u ! "q ( ! crim9al "* ( ! organization4 ,! ,tribunal %all h p[] to all[ or reject ! application4 ,if ! application is all[$1 ! ,tribunal may direct 9 :at mann] ! applicants %all be repres5t$ & he>d4 ,article #aj4 ,9 cases :]e a gr\p or organization is decl>$ crim9al by ! ,tribunal1 ! compet5t national au?ority ( any ,signatory %all h ! "r to br+ individuals to trial = memb]%ip !re9 be=e national1 milit>y or occupation c\rts4 ,9 any su* case ! crim9al nature ( ! gr\p or organization is consid]$ prov$ & %all n be que/ion$4 ,article #aa4 ,any p]son convict$ by ! ,tribunal may be *>g$ be=e a national1 milit>y or occupation c\rt1 ref]r$ to 9 ,article #aj ( ?is ,*>t]1 ) a crime o!r ?an ( memb]%ip 9 a crim9al gr\p or organization & su* c\rt may1 aft] convict+ him1 impose ^u him puni%m5t indep5d5t ( & additional to ! puni%m5t impos$ by ! ,tribunal = p>ticipation 9 ! crim9al activities ( su* gr\p or organization4 ,article #ab4 ,! ,tribunal %all h ! "r to take proce$+s aga9/ a p]son *>g$ ) crimes set out 9 ,article #f ( ?is ,*>t] 9 8 abs5ce1 if he has n be5 f\nd or if ! ,tribunal1 = any reason1 f9ds x necess>y1 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice1 to conduct ! he>+ 9 8 abs5ce4 ,article #ac4 ,! ,tribunal %all draw up rules = its proc$ure4 ,^! rules %all n be inconsi/5t ) ! provisions ( ?is ,*>t]4 ,,iii4 ,,committee ,,= ,,! ,,inve/igation ,,& ,,prosecution ,,( ,,major ,,w> ,,crim9als ,article #ad4 ,ea* ,signatory %all appo9t a ,*ief ,prosecutor = ! inve/igation ( ! *>ges aga9/ & ! prosecution ( major w> crim9als4 ,! ,*ief ,prosecutors %all act z a committee = ! foll[+ purposes3 7a7 to agree ^u a plan ( ! individual "w ( ea* ( ! ,*ief ,prosecutors & 8 /aff1 7b7 to settle ! f9al designation ( major w> crim9als to be tri$ by ! ,tribunal1 7c7 to improve ! ,indictm5t & ! docum5ts to be submitt$ !re)1 7d7 to lodge ! ,indictm5t & ! accompany+ docum5ts ) ! ,tribunal1 7e7 to draw up & recomm5d to ! ,tribunal = its approval draft rules ( proc$ure1 contemplat$ by ,article #ac ( ?is ,*>t]4 ,! ,tribunal %all h p[] to accept1 ) or )\t am5dm5ts1 or to reject1 ! rules s recomm5d$4 ,! ,committee %all act 9 all ! above matt]s by a majority vote & %all appo9t a ,*airman z may be conv5i5t & 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple ( rotation3 provid$ t if !re is an equal division ( vote conc]n+ ! designation ( a ,def5dant to be tri$ by ! ,tribunal1 or ! crimes ) :i* he %all be *>g$1 t proposal w be adopt$ :i* 0 made by ! p>ty :i* propos$ t ! p>ticul> ,def5dant be tri$1 or ! p>ticul> *>ges be pref]r$ aga9/ him4 ,article #ae4 ,! ,*ief ,prosecutors %all individually1 & act+ 9 collaboration ) "o ano!r1 also und]take ! foll[+ duties3 7a7 inve/igation1 collection1 & production be=e or at ! ,trial ( all necess>y evid5ce1 7b7 ! prep>ation ( ! ,indictm5t = approval by ! ,committee 9 accordance ) p>agraph 7c7 ( ,article #ad h]e(1 7c7 ! prelim9>y exam9ation ( all necess>y witnesses & ( ! ,def5dants1 7d7 to act z prosecutor at ! ,trial1 7e7 to appo9t repres5tatives to c>ry out su* duties z may be assign$ to !m1 7f7 to und]take su* o!r matt]s z may appe> necess>y to !m = ! purposes ( ! prep>ation = & conduct ( ! ,trial4 ,x is und]/ood t no witness or ,def5dant deta9$ by any ,signatory %all be tak5 out ( ! possession ( t ,signatory )\t its ass5t4 ,,iv4 ,,fair ,,trial ,,= ,,def5dants ,article #af4 ,9 ord] to ensure fair trial = ! ,def5dants1 ! foll[+ proc$ure %all be foll[$3 7a7 ,! ,indictm5t %all include full p>ticul>s specify+ 9 detail ! *>ges aga9/ ! ,def5dants4 ,a copy ( ! ,indictm5t & ( all ! docum5ts lodg$ ) ! ,indictm5t1 translat$ into a language :i* he und]/&s1 %all be furni%$ to ! ,def5dant at a reasonable "t be=e ! ,trial4 7b7 ,dur+ any prelim9>y exam9ation or trial ( a ,def5dant he %all h ! "r to give any explanation relevant to ! *>ges made aga9/ him4 7c7 ,a prelim9>y exam9ation ( a ,def5dant & 8 ,trial %all be conduct$ 91 or translat$ into1 a language :i* ! ,def5dant und]/&s4 7d7 ,a def5dant %all h ! "r to conduct 8 own def5se be=e ! ,tribunal or to h ! assi/ance ( ,c\nsel4 7e7 ,a def5dant %all h ! "r ?r\gh himself or ?r\gh 8 ,c\nsel to pres5t evid5ce at ! ,trial 9 support ( 8 def5se1 & to cross-exam9e any witness call$ by ! ,prosecution4 ,v4 ,,p[]s ,,( ,,! ,,tribunal ,,& ,,conduct ,,( ,,! ,,trial ,article #ag4 ,! ,tribunal %all h ! p[] 7a7 to summon witnesses to ! ,trial & to require _! att5dance & te/imony & to put que/ions to !m1 7b7 to int]rogate any ,def5dant1 7c7 to require ! production ( docum5ts & o!r evid5ti>y mat]ial1 7d7 to adm9i/] oa?s to witnesses1 7e7 to appo9t (fic]s = ! c>ry+ out ( any task designat$ by ! ,tribunal includ+ ! p[] to h evid5ce tak5 on commission4 ,article #ah4 ,! ,tribunal %all 7a7 conf9e ! ,trial /rictly to an exp$iti\s he>+ ( ! issues rais$ by ! *>ges1 7b7 take /rict measures to prev5t any action :i* w cause unreasonable delay1 & rule out irrelevant issues & /atem5ts ( any k9d :atsoev]1 7c7 deal summ>ily ) any contumacy1 impos+ appropriate puni%m5t1 includ+ exclusion ( any ,def5dant or 8 ,c\nsel f "s or all fur!r proce$+s1 b )\t prejudice to ! det]m9ation ( ! *>ges4 ,article #ai4 ,! ,tribunal %all n be b\nd by te*nical rules ( evid5ce4 ,x %all adopt & apply to ! greate/ possible ext5t exp$iti\s & non-te*nical proc$ure1 & %all admit any evid5ce :i* x deems to h probative value4 ,article #bj4 ,! ,tribunal may require to be in=m$ ( ! nature ( any evid5ce be=e x is (f]$ s t x may rule ^u ! relevance !re(4 ,article #ba4 ,! ,tribunal %all n require pro( ( facts ( common k b %all take ,judicial notice !re(4 ,x %all also take judicial notice ( (ficial gov]nm5tal docum5ts & reports ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 includ+ ! acts & docum5ts ( ! committees set up 9 ! v>i\s alli$ c\ntries = ! inve/igation ( w> crimes1 & ! records & f9d+s ( milit>y or o!r ,tribunals ( any ( ! ,unit$ ,nations4 ,article #bb4 ,! p]man5t seat ( ! ,tribunal %all be 9 ,b]l94 ,! fir/ meet+s ( ! memb]s ( ! ,tribunal & ( ! ,*ief ,prosecutors %all be held at ,b]l9 9 a place to be designat$ by ! ,control ,c\ncil = ,g]many4 ,! fir/ trial %all be held at ,nuremb]g1 & any subsequ5t trials %all be held at su* places z ! ,tribunal may decide4 ,article #bc4 ,"o or m ( ! ,*ief ,prosecutors may take "p 9 ! prosecution at ea* ,trial4 ,! function ( any ,*ief ,prosecutor may be dis*>g$ by him p]sonally1 or by any p]son or p]sons au?oriz$ by him4 ,! function ( ,c\nsel = a ,def5dant may be dis*>g$ at ! ,def5dant's reque/ by any ,c\nsel pr(essionally qualifi$ to conduct cases be=e ! ,c\rts ( 8 own c\ntry1 or by any o!r p]son :o may be specially au?oriz$ !reto by ! ,tribunal4 ,article #bd4 ,! proce$+s at ! ,trial %all take ! foll[+ c\rse3 7a7 ,! ,indictm5t %all be read 9 c\rt4 7b7 ,! ,tribunal %all ask ea* ,def5dant :e!r he pleads 8guilty0 or 8n guilty04 7c7 ,! ,prosecution %all make an op5+ /atem5t4 7d7 ,! ,tribunal %all ask ! ,prosecution & ! ,def5se :at evid5ce 7if any7 !y wi% to submit to ! ,tribunal1 & ! ,tribunal %all rule ^u ! admissibility ( any su* evid5ce4 7e7 ,! witnesses = ! ,prosecution %all be exam9$ & aft] t ! witnesses = ! ,def5se4 ,!reaft] su* rebutt+ evid5ce z may be held by ! ,tribunal to be admissible %all be call$ by ei!r ! ,prosecution or ! ,def5se4 7f7 ,! ,tribunal may put any "q to any witness & to any ,def5dant1 at any "t4 7g7 ,! ,prosecution & ! ,def5se %all int]rogate & may cross-exam9e any witnesses & any ,def5dant :o gives te/imony4 7h7 ,! ,def5se %all address ! c\rt4 7i7 ,! ,prosecution %all address ! c\rt4 7j7 ,ea* ,def5dant may make a /atem5t to ! ,tribunal4 7k7 ,! ,tribunal %all deliv] judgm5t & pron\nce s5t5ce4 ,article #be4 ,all (ficial docum5ts %all be produc$1 & all c\rt proce$+s conduct$1 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,russian1 & 9 ! language ( ! ,def5dant4 ,s mu* ( ! record & ( ! proce$+s may also be translat$ into ! language ( any c\ntry 9 :i* ! ,tribunal is sitt+1 z ! ,tribunal consid]s desirable 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice & public op9ion4 ,,vi4 ,,judgm5t ,,& ,,s5t5ce ,article #bf4 ,! judgm5t ( ! ,tribunal z to ! guilt or ! innoc5ce ( any ,def5dant %all give ! reasons on :i* x is bas$1 & %all be f9al & n subject to review4 ,article #bg4 ,! ,tribunal %all h ! "r to impose ^u a ,def5dant1 on conviction1 dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z %all be det]m9$ by x to be j4 ,article #bh4 ,9 addition to any puni%m5t impos$ by x1 ! ,tribunal %all h ! "r to deprive ! convict$ p]son ( any /ol5 prop]ty & ord] its deliv]y to ! ,control ,c\ncil = ,g]many4 ,article #bi4 ,9 case ( guilt1 s5t5ces %all be c>ri$ out 9 accordance ) ! ord]s ( ! ,control ,c\ncil = ,g]many1 :i* may at any "t r$uce or o!rwise alt] ! s5t5ces1 b may n increase ! sev]ity !re(4 ,if ! ,control ,c\ncil = ,g]many1 aft] any ,def5dant has be5 convict$ & s5t5c$1 discov]s fre% evid5ce :i*1 9 its op9ion1 w\ld f\nd a fre% *>ge aga9/ him1 ! ,c\ncil %all report accord+ly to ! ,committee e/abli%$ "u ,article #ad h]e(1 = su* action z !y may consid] prop]1 hav+ reg>d to ! int]e/s ( ju/ice4 ,,vii4 ,,exp5ses ,article #cj4 ,! exp5ses ( ! ,tribunal & ( ! ,trials1 %all be *>g$ by ! ,signatories aga9/ ! funds allott$ = ma9t5ance ( ! ,control ,c\ncil = ,g]many4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,protocol ,:]eas an ,agreem5t & ,*>t] reg>d+ ! ,prosecution ( ,w> ,crim9als 0 sign$ 9 ,london on ! #h? ,augu/ #aide1 9 ! ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,russian languages4 ,& :]eas a discrepancy has be5 f\nd to exi/ betwe5 ! orig9als ( ,article #f1 p>agraph 7c71 ( ! ,*>t] 9 ! ,russian language1 on ! "o h&1 & ! orig9als 9 ! ,engli% & ,fr5* languages1 on ! o!r1 to wit1 ! semi-colon 9 ,article #f1 p>agraph 7c71 ( ! ,*>t] betwe5 ! words 8w>0 & 8or01 z c>ri$ 9 ! ,engli% & ,fr5* texts1 is a comma 9 ! ,russian text4 & :]eas x is desir$ to rectify ?is discrepancy3 ,,n[1 ,,!re=e1 ! und]sign$1 signatories ( ! said ,agreem5t on behalf ( _! respective ,gov]nm5ts1 duly au?oriz$ !reto1 h agre$ t ,article #f1 p>agraph 7c71 ( ! ,*>t] 9 ! ,russian text is correct1 & t ! mean+ & int5tion ( ! ,agreem5t & ,*>t] require t ! said semi-colon 9 ! ,engli% text %\ld be *ang$ to a comma1 & t ! ,fr5* text %\ld be am5d$ to read z foll[s3 7c7 ,,les ,,crimes ,,contre ,l',,humanite3 c'e/ dire l'assass9at1 l'ext]m9ation1 la rduction en esclavage1 la dportation1 et t\t autre acte inhuma9 commis contre t\tes populations civiles1 avant ou p5dant la gu]re1 ou bi5 les p]scutions p\r des motifs politiques1 raciaux1 ou rligieux1 lorsque ces actes ou p]scutions1 qu'ils ai5t con/itu ou non une violation du droit int]ne du pays o ils ont t p]ptrs1 ont t commis la suite de t\t crime r5trant dans la compt5ce du ,tribunal1 ou en liaison avec ce crime4 ,,9 ,,witness ,,:]e( ! ,und]sign$ h sign$ ! pres5t ,protocol4 ,,done 9 quadruplicate 9 ,b]l9 ?is #f? day ( ,octob]1 #aide1 ea* 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,russian1 & ea* text to h equal au!nticity4 ,= ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,,rob]t ,h4 ,,jackson ,= ! ,provisional ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,fr5* ,republic ,,fran,,ois ,,de ,,m5?on ,= ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,nor!rn ,irel& ,,h>tley ,,%awcross ,= ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,union ( ,soviet ,sociali/ ,republics ,r4 ,,rud5ko ----- #a ,see proctocol p4 ,,xv = correction ( ?is p>agraph4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,control ,,c\ncil ,,law ,,no4 #aj ,,puni%m5t ,,( ,,p]sons ,,guilty ,,( ,,w> ,,crimes1 ,,crimes ,,aga9/ ,,peace ,,& ,,aga9/ ,,humanity ,9 ord] to give effect to ! t]ms ( ! ,mosc[ ,decl>ation ( #cj ,octob] #aidc & ! ,london ,agreem5t ( #h ,augu/ #aide1 & ! ,*>t] issu$ pursuant !reto & 9 ord] to e/abli% a uni=m legal basis 9 ,g]many = ! prosecution ( w> crim9als & o!r simil> (f5d]s1 o!r ?an ^? dealt ) by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 ! ,control ,c\ncil enacts z foll[s3 ,article ,i ,! ,mosc[ ,decl>ation ( #cj ,octob] #aidc 8,conc]n+ ,responsibility ( ,hitl]ites = ,committ$ ,atrocities0 & ! ,london ,agreem5t ( #h ,augu/ #aide 8,conc]n+ ,prosecution & ,puni%m5t ( ,major ,w> ,crim9als ( ! ,european ,axis0 are made integral p>ts ( ?is ,law4 ,adh]5ce to ! provisions ( ! ,london ,agreem5t by any ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 z provid$ = 9 ,article ,v ( t ,agreem5t1 %all n entitle su* ,nation to p>ticipate or int]f]e 9 ! op]ation ( ?is ,law )9 ! ,control ,c\ncil area ( au?ority 9 ,g]many4 ,article ,,ii #a4 ,ea* ( ! foll[+ acts is recogniz$ z a crime3 7a7 ,crimes aga9/ ,peace4 ,initiation ( invasions ( o!r c\ntries & w>s ( aggression 9 violation ( int]national laws & treaties1 includ+ b n limit$ to plann+1 prep>ation1 initiation or wag+ a w> ( aggression1 or a w> ( violation ( int]national treaties1 agreem5ts or assurances1 or p>ticipation 9 a common plan or conspiracy = ! accompli%m5t ( any ( ! =ego+4 7b7 ,w> ,crimes4 ,atrocities or (f5ces aga9/ p]sons or prop]ty con/itut+ violations ( ! laws or cu/oms ( w>1 includ+ b n limit$ to1 murd]1 ill treatm5t or deportation to slave lab\r or = any o!r purpose1 ( civilian population f occupi$ t]ritory1 murd] or ill treatm5t ( prison]s ( w> or p]sons on ! seas1 kill+ ( ho/ages1 plund] ( public or private prop]ty1 wanton de/ruction ( cities1 t[ns or villages1 or deva/ation n ju/ifi$ by milit>y necessity4 7c7 ,crimes aga9/ ,humanity4 ,atrocities & (f5ces1 includ+ b n limit$ to murd]1 ext]m9ation1 enslavem5t1 deportation1 imprisonm5t1 torture1 rape1 or o!r inhumane acts committ$ aga9/ any civilian population1 or p]secutions on political1 racial or religi\s gr\nds :e!r or n 9 violation ( ! dome/ic laws ( ! c\ntry :]e p]petrat$4 7d7 ,memb]%ip 9 categories ( a crim9al gr\p or organization decl>$ crim9al by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 #b4 ,any p]son )\t reg>d to nationality or ! capacity 9 :i* he act$1 is deem$ to h committ$ a crime z def9$ 9 p>agraph #a ( ?is ,article1 if he 0 7a7 a pr9cipal or 7b7 0 an accessory to ! commission ( any su* crime or ord]$ or abett$ ! same or 7c7 took a cons5t+ "p !re9 or 7d7 0 connect$ ) plans or ent]prises involv+ its commission or 7e7 0 a memb] ( any organization or gr\p connect$ ) ! commission ( any su* crime or 7f7 ) ref]5ce to p>agraph #a 7a71 if he held a high political1 civil or milit>y 7includ+ ,g5]al ,/aff7 position 9 ,g]many or 9 "o ( its ,allies1 co-bellig]5ts or satellites or held high position 9 ! f9ancial1 indu/rial or economic life ( any su* c\ntry4 #c4 ,any p]son f\nd guilty ( any ( ! ,crimes above m5tion$ may ^u conviction be puni%$ z %all be det]m9$ by ! tribunal to be j4 ,su* puni%m5t may consi/ ( "o or m ( ! foll[+3 7a7 ,dea?4 7b7 ,imprisonm5t = life or a t]m ( ye>s1 ) or )\t h>d lab\r4 7c7 ,f9e1 & imprisonm5t ) or )\t h>d lab\r1 9 lieu1 !re(4 7d7 ,=feiture ( prop]ty4 7e7 ,re/itution ( prop]ty wrongfully acquir$4 7f7 ,deprivation ( "s or all civil rights4 ,any prop]ty decl>$ to be =feit$ or ! re/itution ( :i* is ord]$ by ! ,tribunal %all be deliv]$ to ! ,control ,c\ncil = ,g]many1 :i* %all decide on its disposal4 #d4 7a7 ,! (ficial position ( any p]son1 :e!r z ,head ( ,/ate or z a responsible (ficial 9 a ,gov]nm5t ,dep>tm5t1 does n free him f responsibility = a crime or entitle him to mitigation ( puni%m5t4 7b7 ,! fact t any p]son act$ pursuant to ! ord] ( 8 ,gov]nm5t or ( a sup]ior does n free him f responsibility = a crime1 b may be consid]$ 9 mitigation4 #e4 ,9 any trial or prosecution = a crime h]e9 ref]r$ to1 ! accus$ %all n be entitl$ to ! b5efits ( any /atute ( limitation 9 respect ( ! p]iod f #cj ,janu>y #aicc to #a ,july #aide1 nor %all any immunity1 p>don or amne/y grant$ "u ! ,nazi regime be admitt$ z a b> to trial or puni%m5t4 ,article ,,iii #a4 ,ea* occupy+ au?ority1 )9 its ,zone ( occupation1 7a7 %all h ! "r to cause p]sons )9 su* ,zone suspect$ ( hav+ committ$ a crime1 includ+ ^? *>g$ ) crime by "o ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 to be arre/$ & %all take "u control ! prop]ty1 real & p]sonal1 own$ or controll$ by ! said p]sons1 p5d+ decisions z to its ev5tual disposition4 7b7 %all report to ! ,legal ,directorate ! names ( all suspect$ crim9als1 ! reasons = & ! places ( _! det5tion1 if !y are deta9$1 & ! names & location ( witnesses4 7c7 %all take appropriate measures to see t witnesses & evid5ce w be available :5 requir$4 7d7 %all h ! "r to cause all p]sons s arre/$ & *>g$1 & n deliv]$ to ano!r au?ority z h]e9 provid$1 or releas$1 to be br\ght to trial be=e an appropriate tribunal4 ,su* tribunal may1 9 ! case ( crimes committ$ by p]sons ( ,g]man citiz5%ip or nationality aga9/ o!r p]sons ( ,g]man citiz5%ip or nationality1 or /ateless p]sons1 be a ,g]man ,c\rt1 if au?oriz$ by ! occupy+ au?orities4 #b4 ,! tribunal by :i* p]sons *>g$ ) (f5ses h]eund] %all be tri$ & ! rules & proc$ure !re( %all be det]m9$ or designat$ by ea* ,zone ,comm&] = 8 respective ,zone4 ,no?+ h]e9 is int5d$ to1 or %all impair or limit ! jurisdiction or p[] ( any c\rt or tribunal n[ or h]eaft] e/abli%$ 9 any ,zone by ! ,comm&] !re(1 or ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal e/abli%$ by ! ,london ,agreem5t ( #h ,augu/ #aide4 #c4 ,p]sons want$ = trial by an ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal w n be tri$ )\t ! cons5t ( ! ,committee ( ,*ief ,prosecutors4 ,ea* ,zone ,comm&] w deliv] su* p]sons :o are )9 8 ,zone to t committee ^u reque/ & w make witnesses & evid5ce available to x4 #d4 ,p]sons kn[n to be want$ = trial 9 ano!r ,zone or outside ,g]many w n be tri$ prior to decision "u ,article ,,iv unless ! fact ( _! appreh5sion has be5 report$ 9 accordance ) ,section #a 7b7 ( ?is ,article1 ?ree mon?s h elaps$ !reaft]1 & no reque/ = deliv]y ( ! type contemplat$ by ,article ,,iv has be5 receiv$ by ! ,zone ,comm&] conc]n$4 #e4 ,! execution ( dea? s5t5ces may be def]r$ by n to exce$ "o mon? aft] ! s5t5ce has become f9al :5 ! ,zone ,comm&] conc]n$ has reason to believe t ! te/imony ( ^? "u s5t5ce w\ld be ( value 9 ! inve/igation & trial ( crimes )9 or )\t 8 ,zone4 #f4 ,ea* ,zone ,comm&] w cause su* effect to be giv5 to ! judgm5ts ( c\rts ( compet5t jurisdiction1 ) respect to ! prop]ty tak5 "u 8 control pursuant h]eto1 z he may deem prop] 9 ! int]e/ ( ju/ice4 ,article ,,iv #a4 ,:5 any p]son 9 a ,zone 9 ,g]many is alleg$ to h committ$ a crime1 z def9$ 9 ,article ,,ii1 9 a c\ntry o!r ?an ,g]many or 9 ano!r ,zone1 ! gov]nm5t ( t nation or ! ,comm&] ( ! latt] ,zone1 z ! case may be1 may reque/ ! ,comm&] ( ! ,zone 9 :i* ! p]son is locat$ = 8 arre/ & deliv]y = trial to ! c\ntry or ,zone 9 :i* ! crime 0 committ$4 ,su* reque/ = deliv]y %all be grant$ by ! ,comm&] receiv+ x unless he believes su* p]son is want$ = trial or z a witness by an ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 or 9 ,g]many1 or 9 a nation o!r ?an ! "o mak+ ! reque/1 or ! ,comm&] is n satisfi$ t deliv]y %\ld be made1 9 any ( :i* cases he %all h ! "r to =w>d ! said reque/ to ! ,legal ,directorate ( ! ,alli$ ,control ,au?ority4 ,a simil> proc$ure %all apply to witnesses1 mat]ial exhibits & o!r =ms ( evid5ce4 #b4 ,! ,legal ,directorate %all consid] all reque/s ref]r$ to x1 & %all det]m9e ! same 9 accordance ) ! foll[+ pr9ciples1 its det]m9ation to be communicat$ to ! ,zone ,comm&]4 7a7 ,a p]son want$ = trial or z a witness by an ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal %all n be deliv]$ = trial or requir$ to give evid5ce outside ,g]many1 z ! case may be1 except ^u approval ( ! ,committee ( ,*ief ,prosecutors act+ "u ! ,london ,agreem5t ( #h ,augu/ #aide4 7b7 ,a p]son want$ = trial by sev]al au?orities 7o!r ?an an ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal7 %all be dispos$ ( 9 accordance ) ! foll[+ priorities3 7#a7 ,if want$ = trial 9 ! ,zone 9 :i* he is1 he %\ld n be deliv]$ unless arrangem5ts are made = 8 return aft] trial else:]e2 7#b7 ,if want$ = trial 9 a ,zone o!r ?an t 9 :i* he is1 he %\ld be deliv]$ to t ,zone 9 pref]5ce to deliv]y outside ,g]many unless arrangem5ts are made = 8 return to t ,zone aft] trial else:]e2 7#c7 ,if want$ = trial outside ,g]many by two or m ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 ( "o ( :i* he is a citiz51 t "o %\ld h priority2 7#d7 ,if want$ = trial outside ,g]many by sev]al c\ntries1 n all ( :i* are ,unit$ ,nations1 ,unit$ ,nations %\ld h priority2 7#e7 ,if want$ = trial outside ,g]many by two or m ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 !n1 subject to ,article ,,iv #b 7b7 7#c7 above1 t :i* has ! mo/ s]i\s *>ges aga9/ him1 :i* are moreov] support$ by evid5ce1 %\ld h priority4 ,article ,v ,! deliv]y1 "u ,article ,,iv ( ?is ,law1 ( p]sons = trial %all be made on dem&s ( ! ,gov]nm5ts or ,zone ,comm&]s 9 su* a mann] t ! deliv]y ( crim9als to "o jurisdiction w n become ! means ( defeat+ or unnecess>ily delay+ ! c>ry+ out ( ju/ice 9 ano!r place4 ,if )9 six mon?s ! deliv]$ p]son has n be5 convict$ by ! ,c\rt ( ! zone or c\ntry to :i* he has be5 deliv]$1 !n su* p]son %all be return$ ^u dem& ( ! ,comm&] ( ! ,zone :]e ! p]son 0 locat$ prior to deliv]y4 ,done at ,b]l91 #bj ,decemb] #aide4 ,,joseph ,t4 ,,mcn>ney ,g5]al ,b4 ,l4 ,,montgom]y ,field ,m>%al ,l4 ,,koeltz ,g5]al de ,corps d',arme = ,p4 ,,ko5ig ,g5]al d',arme ,g4 ,,zhukov ,m>%al ( ! ,soviet ,union ,,executive ,,ord] #ifgi ,am5dm5t ( ,executive ,ord] ,no4 #iedg ( ,may #b1 #aide1 ,entitl$ 8,provid+ = ,repres5tation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,prep>+ & ,prosecut+ ,*>ges ( ,atrocities & ,w> ,crimes ,aga9/ ! ,lead]s ( ! ,european ,axis ,p[]s & ,_! ,pr9cipal ,ag5ts & ,accessories0 ,by virtue ( ! au?ority ve/$ 9 me z ,presid5t & ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,army & ,navy1 "u ! ,con/itution & /atutes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x is ord]$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,9 addition to ! au?ority ve/$ 9 ! ,repres5tative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its ,*ief ( ,c\nsel by ,p>agraph #a ( ,executive ,ord] ,no4 #iedg ( ,may #b1 #aide1 to prep>e & prosecute *>ges ( atrocities & w> crimes aga9/ su* ( ! lead]s ( ! ,european ,axis p[]s & _! accessories z ! ,unit$ ,/ates may agree ) any ( ! ,unit$ ,nations to br+ to trial be=e an int]national milit>y tribunal1 su* ,repres5tative & ,*ief ( ,c\nsel %all h ! au?ority to proce$ be=e ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y or occupation tribunals1 9 prop] cases1 aga9/ o!r ,axis adh]5ts1 includ+ b n limit$ to cases aga9/ memb]s ( gr\ps & organizations decl>$ crim9al by ! said int]national milit>y tribunal4 #b4 ,! pres5t ,repres5tative & ,*ief ( ,c\nsel is au?oriz$ to designate a ,deputy ,*ief ( ,c\nsel1 to :om he may assign responsibility = organiz+ & plann+ ! prosecution ( *>ges ( atrocities & w> crimes1 o!r ?an ^? n[ be+ prosecut$ z ,case ,no4 #a 9 ! int]national milit>y tribunal1 &1 z he may be direct$ by ! ,*ief ( ,c\nsel1 = conduct+ ! prosecution ( su* *>ges ( atrocities & w> crimes4 #c4 ,^u vacation ( (fice by ! pres5t ,repres5tative & ,*ief ( ,c\nsel1 ! functions1 duties1 & p[]s ( ! ,repres5tative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its ,*ief ( ,c\nsel1 z specifi$ 9 ! said ,executive ,ord] ,no4 #iedg ( ,may #b1 #aide1 z am5d$ by ?is ord]1 %all be ve/$ 9 a ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes to be appo9t$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,gov]nor = ,g]many or by 8 successor4 #d4 ,! said ,executive ,ord] ,no4 #iedg ( ,may #b1 #aide1 is am5d$ accord+ly4 ,,h>ry ,s4 ,,truman ,,! ,,:ite ,,h\se1 ,janu>y #af1 #aidf4 7,f4 ,r4 ,doc4 #df-hic2 ,fil$1 ,jan4 #ag1 #aidf2 #aa3jh a4 m47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,headqu>t]s ,,u ,,=ces1 ,,european ,,!at] ,,g5]al ,,ord]s #bd ,,octob] #aidf ,no4 #cja ,(fice ( ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes ,i ,*ief ,prosecutor ,,ii ,ann\ncem5t ( ,assignm5ts ,,iii ,i----,,(fice ,,( ,,*ief ,,( ,,c\nsel ,,= ,,w> ,,crimes4 ,effective ?is date1 ! ,(fice ( ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes is transf]r$ to ! ,(fice ( ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t = ,g]many 7,,u74 ,! ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes w report directly to ! ,deputy ,milit>y ,gov]nor & w "w 9 close liaison ) ! ,legal ,advis] ( ! ,(fice ( ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t = ,g]many & ) ! ,!at] ,judge ,advocate4 ,,ii----,,*ief ,,prosecutor4 ,effective ?is date1 ! ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes w also s]ve z ,*ief ,prosecutor "u ! ,*>t] ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 e/abli%$ by ! ,agreem5t ( #h ,augu/ #aide4 ,,iii----,,ann\ncem5t ,,( ,,assignm5ts4 ,effective ?is date1 ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,tel=d ,taylor1 ,,usa1 is ann\nc$ z ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes1 9 :i* capacity he w also s]ve z ,*ief ,prosecutor = ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ! ,*>t] ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 e/abli%$ by ! ,agreem5t ( #h ,augu/ #aide4 ,,by ,,comm& ,,( ,,g5]al ,,mcn>ney3 ,c4 ,r4 ,,huebn] ,major ,g5]al1 ,,gsc1 ,*ief ( ,/aff ,,(ficial3 ,,george ,f4 ,,h]b]t ,colonel1 ,,agd ,adjutant ,g5]al ,,di/ribution3 ,d 99 99 99 99 99 ,,milit>y ,,gov]nm5t--,,g]many ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,zone ,,ord9ance ,,no4 #g ,,organization ,,& ,,p[]s ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,milit>y ,,tribunals ,article ,i ,! purpose ( ?is ,ord9ance is to provide = ! e/abli%m5t ( milit>y tribunals :i* %all h p[] to try & puni% p]sons *>g$ ) (f5ses recogniz$ z crimes 9 ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 includ+ conspiracies to commit any su* crimes4 ,no?+ h]e9 %all prejudice ! jurisdiction or ! p[]s ( o!r c\rts e/abli%$ or :i* may be e/abli%$ = ! trial ( any su* (f5ses4 ,article ,,ii 7a7 ,pursuant to ! p[]s ( ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,zone ( ,occupation )9 ,g]many & fur!r pursuant to ! p[]s conf]r$ ^u ! ,zone ,comm&] by ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj & ,articles #aj & #aa ( ! ,*>t] ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal annex$ to ! ,london ,agreem5t ( #h ,augu/ #aide c]ta9 tribunals to be kn[n z 8,milit>y ,tribunals0 %all be e/abli%$ h]eund]4 7b7 ,ea* su* tribunal %all consi/ ( ?ree or m memb]s to be designat$ by ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor4 ,"o alt]nate memb] may be designat$ to any tribunal if deem$ advisable by ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor4 ,except z provid$ 9 subsection 7c7 ( ?is ,article1 all memb]s & alt]nates %all be lawy]s :o h be5 admitt$ to practice1 = at lea/ five ye>s1 9 ! highe/ c\rts ( "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or its t]ritories or ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or :o h be5 admitt$ to practice 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt4 7c7 ,! ,milit>y ,gov]nor may 9 8 discretion ent] into an agreem5t ) "o or m o!r zone comm&]s ( ! memb] nations ( ! ,alli$ ,control ,au?ority provid+ = ! jo9t trial ( any case or cases4 ,9 su* cases ! tribunals %all consi/ ( ?ree or m memb]s z may be provid$ 9 ! agreem5t4 ,9 su* cases ! tribunals may include prop]ly qualifi$ lawy]s designat$ by ! o!r memb] nations4 7d7 ,! ,milit>y ,gov]nor %all designate "o ( ! memb]s ( ! tribunal to s]ve z ! presid+ judge4 7e7 ,nei!r ! tribunals nor ! memb]s ( ! tribunals or ! alt]nates may be *all5g$ by ! prosecution or by ! def5dants or _! c\nsel4 7f7 ,9 case ( illness ( any memb] ( a tribunal or 8 incapacity = "s o!r reason1 ! alt]nate1 if "o has be5 designat$1 %all take 8 place z a memb] 9 ! p5d+ trial4 ,memb]s may be replac$ = reasons ( heal? or = o!r good reasons1 except t no replacem5t ( a memb] may take place1 dur+ a trial1 o!r ?an by ! alt]nate4 ,if no alt]nate has be5 designat$1 ! trial %all be cont9u$ to conclusion by ! rema9+ memb]s4 7g7 ,! pres5ce ( ?ree memb]s ( ! tribunal or ( two memb]s :5 au?oriz$ pursuant to subsection 7f7 supra %all be necess>y to con/itute a quorum4 ,9 ! case ( tribunals designat$ "u 7c7 above ! agreem5t %all det]m9e ! requirem5ts = a quorum4 7h7 ,decisions & judgm5ts1 includ+ convictions & s5t5ces1 %all be by majority vote ( ! memb]s4 ,if ! votes ( ! memb]s are equally divid$1 ! presid+ memb] %all decl>e a mi/rial4 ,article ,,iii 7a7 ,*>ges aga9/ p]sons to be tri$ 9 ! tribunals e/abli%$ h]eund] %all orig9ate 9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes1 appo9t$ by ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor pursuant to p>agraph #c ( ! ,executive ,ord] ,numb]$ #ifgi ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates dat$ #af ,janu>y #aidf4 ,! ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes %all det]m9e ! p]sons to be tri$ by ! tribunals & he or 8 designat$ repres5tative %all file ! indictm5ts ) ! ,secret>y ,g5]al ( ! tribunals 7see ,article ,,xiv1 infra7 & %all conduct ! prosecution4 7b7 ,! ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes1 :5 9 8 judgm5t x is advisable1 may invite "o or m ,unit$ ,nations to designate repres5tatives to p>ticipate 9 ! prosecution ( any case4 ,article ,,iv ,9 ord] to ensure fair trial = ! def5dants1 ! foll[+ proc$ure %all be foll[$3 7a7 ,a def5dant %all be furni%$1 at a reasonable "t be=e 8 trial1 a copy ( ! indictm5t & ( all docum5ts lodg$ ) ! indictm5t1 translat$ into a language :i* he und]/&s4 ,! indictm5t %all /ate ! *>ges pla9ly1 concisely & ) suffici5t p>ticul>s to in=m def5dant ( ! (f5ses *>g$4 7b7 ,! trial %all be conduct$ 91 or translat$ into1 a language :i* ! def5dant und]/&s4 7c7 ,a def5dant %all h ! "r to be repres5t$ by c\nsel ( 8 own selection1 provid$ su* c\nsel %all be a p]son qualifi$ "u exi/+ regulations to conduct cases be=e ! c\rts ( def5dant's c\ntry1 or any o!r p]son :o may be specially au?oriz$ by ! tribunal4 ,! tribunal %all appo9t qualifi$ c\nsel to repres5t a def5dant :o is n repres5t$ by c\nsel ( 8 own selection4 7d7 ,e def5dant %all be entitl$ to be pres5t at 8 trial except t a def5dant may be proce$$ aga9/ dur+ tempor>y abs5ces if 9 ! op9ion ( ! tribunal def5dant's int]e/s w n !reby be impair$1 & except fur!r z provid$ 9 ,article ,,vi 7c74 ,! tribunal may also proce$ 9 ! abs5ce ( any def5dant :o has appli$ = & has be5 grant$ p]mission to be abs5t4 7e7 ,a def5dant %all h ! "r ?r\gh 8 c\nsel to pres5t evid5ce at ! trial 9 support ( 8 def5se1 & to cross exam9e any witness call$ by ! prosecution4 7f7 ,a def5dant may apply 9 writ+ to ! tribunal = ! production ( witnesses or ( docum5ts4 ,! application %all /ate :]e ! witness or docum5t is ?\ght to be locat$ & %all also /ate ! facts to be prov$ by ! witness or ! docum5t & ! relevancy ( su* facts to ! def5se4 ,if ! tribunal grants ! application1 ! def5dant %all be giv5 su* aid 9 obta9+ production ( evid5ce z ! tribunal may ord]4 ,article ,v ,! tribunals %all h ! p[] 7a7 to summon witnesses to ! trial1 to require _! att5dance & te/imony & to put que/ions to !m2 7b7 to int]rogate any def5dant :o takes ! /& to te/ify 9 8 own behalf1 or :o is call$ to te/ify reg>d+ ano!r def5dant2 7c7 to require ! production ( docum5ts & o!r evid5ti>y mat]ial2 7d7 to adm9i/] oa?s2 7e7 to appo9t (fic]s = ! c>ry+ out ( any task designat$ by ! tribunals includ+ ! tak+ ( evid5ce on commission2 7f7 to adopt rules ( proc$ure n inconsi/5t ) ?is ,ord9ance4 ,su* rules %all be adopt$1 & f "t to "t z necess>y1 revis$ by ! memb]s ( ! tribunal or by ! committee ( presid+ judges z provid$ 9 ,article ,,xiii4 ,article ,,vi ,! tribunals %all 7a7 conf9e ! trial /rictly to an exp$iti\s he>+ ( ! issues rais$ by ! *>ges2 7b7 take /rict measures to prev5t any action :i* w cause unreasonable delay1 & rule out irrelevant issues & /atem5ts ( any k9d :atsoev]2 7c7 deal summ>ily ) any contumacy1 impos+ appropriate puni%m5t1 includ+ ! exclusion ( any def5dant or 8 c\nsel f "s or all fur!r proce$+s1 b )\t prejudice to ! det]m9ation ( ! *>ges4 ,article ,,vii ,! tribunals %all n be b\nd by te*nical rules ( evid5ce4 ,!y %all adopt & apply to ! greate/ possible ext5t exp$iti\s & non-te*nical proc$ure1 & %all admit any evid5ce :i* !y deem to h probative value4 ,)\t limit+ ! =ego+ g5]al rules1 ! foll[+ %all be deem$ admissible if !y appe> to ! tribunal to conta9 in=mation ( probative value relat+ to ! *>ges3 affidavits1 depositions1 int]rogations1 & o!r /atem5ts1 di>ies1 lett]s1 ! records1 f9d+s1 /atem5ts & judgm5ts ( ! milit>y tribunals & ! review+ & confirm+ au?orities ( any ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 & copies ( any docum5t or o!r second>y evid5ce ( ! cont5ts ( any docum5t1 if ! orig9al is n readily available or _c be produc$ )\t delay4 ,! tribunal %all af=d ! oppos+ p>ty su* opportunity to "q ! au!nticity or probative value ( su* evid5ce z 9 ! op9ion ( ! tribunal ! ends ( ju/ice require4 ,article ,,viii ,! tribunals may require t !y be in=m$ ( ! nature ( any evid5ce be=e x is (f]$ s t !y may rule ^u ! relevance !re(4 ,article ,,ix ,! tribunals %all n require pro( ( facts ( common k b %all take judicial notice !re(4 ,!y %all also take judicial notice ( (ficial gov]nm5tal docum5ts & reports ( any ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 includ+ ! acts & docum5ts ( ! committees set up 9 ! v>i\s ,alli$ c\ntries = ! inve/igation ( w> crimes1 & ! records & f9d+s ( milit>y or o!r tribunals ( any ( ! ,unit$ ,nations4 ,article ,x ,! det]m9ations ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal 9 ! judgm5ts 9 ,case ,no4 #a t invasions1 aggressive acts1 aggressive w>s1 crimes1 atrocities or inhumane acts 7 plann$ or occurr$1 %all be b9d+ on ! tribunals e/abli%$ h]eund] & %all n be que/ion$ except ins(> z ! p>ticipation !re9 or k !re( by any p>ticul> p]son may be conc]n$4 ,/atem5ts ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal 9 ! judgm5t 9 ,case ,no4 #a con/itute pro( ( ! facts /at$1 9 ! abs5ce ( sub/antial new evid5ce to ! contr>y4 ,article ,,xi ,! proce$+s at ! trial %all take ! foll[+ c\rse3 7a7 ,! tribunal %all inquire ( ea* def5dant :e!r he has receiv$ & _h an opportunity to read ! indictm5t aga9/ him & :e!r he pleads 8guilty0 or 8n guilty40 7b7 ,! prosecution may make an op5+ /atem5t4 7c7 ,! prosecution %all produce its evid5ce subject to ! cross exam9ation ( its witnesses4 7d7 ,! def5se may make an op5+ /atem5t4 7e7 ,! def5se %all produce its evid5ce subject to ! cross exam9ation ( its witnesses4 7f7 ,su* rebutt+ evid5ce z may be held by ! tribunal to be mat]ial may be produc$ by ei!r ! prosecution or ! def5se4 7g7 ,! def5se %all address ! c\rt4 7h7 ,! prosecution %all address ! c\rt4 7i7 ,ea* def5dant may make a /atem5t to ! tribunal4 7j7 ,! tribunal %all deliv] judgm5t & pron\nce s5t5ce4 ,article ,,xii ,a ,c5tral ,secret>iat to assi/ ! tribunals to be appo9t$ h]eund] %all be e/abli%$ z soon z practicable4 ,! ma9 (fice ( ! ,secret>iat %all be locat$ 9 ,nu]nb]g4 ,! ,secret>iat %all consi/ ( a ,secret>y ,g5]al & su* assi/ant secret>ies1 milit>y (fic]s1 cl]ks1 int]pret]s & o!r p]sonnel z may be necess>y4 ,article ,,xiii ,! ,secret>y ,g5]al %all be appo9t$ by ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor & %all organize & direct ! "w ( ! ,secret>iat4 ,he %all be subject to ! sup]vision ( ! memb]s ( ! tribunals1 except t :5 at lea/ ?ree tribunals %all be function+1 ! presid+ judges ( ! sev]al tribunals may =m ! sup]visory committee4 ,article ,,xiv ,! ,secret>iat %all3 7a7 ,be responsible = ! adm9i/rative & supply ne$s ( ! ,secret>iat & ( ! sev]al tribunals4 7b7 ,receive all docum5ts address$ to tribunals4 7c7 ,prep>e & recomm5d uni=m rules ( proc$ure1 n inconsi/5t ) ! provisions ( ?is ,ord9ance4 7d7 ,secure su* in=mation = ! tribunals z may be ne$$ = ! approval or appo9tm5t ( def5se c\nsel4 7e7 ,s]ve z liaison betwe5 ! prosecution & def5se c\nsel4 7f7 ,arrange = aid to be giv5 def5dants & ! prosecution 9 obta9+ production ( witnesses or evid5ce z au?oriz$ by ! tribunals4 7g7 ,be responsible = ! prep>ation ( ! records ( ! proce$+s be=e ! tribunals4 7h7 ,provide ! necess>y cl]ical1 report+ & int]pretative s]vices to ! tribunals & its memb]s1 & p]=m su* o!r duties z may be requir$ = ! effici5t conduct ( ! proce$+s be=e ! tribunals1 or z may be reque/$ by any ( ! tribunals4 ,article ,,xv ,! judgm5ts ( ! tribunals z to ! guilt or ! innoc5ce ( any def5dant %all give ! reasons on :i* !y are bas$ & %all be f9al & n subject to review4 ,! s5t5ces impos$ may be subject to review z provid$ 9 ,article ,,xvii1 infra4 ,article ,,xvi ,! tribunal %all h ! "r to impose ^u ! def5dant1 ^u conviction1 su* puni%m5t z %all be det]m9$ by ! tribunal to be j1 :i* may consi/ ( "o or m ( ! p5alties provid$ 9 ,article ,,ii1 ,section #c ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,article ,,xvii 7a7 ,except z provid$ 9 7b7 infra1 ! record ( ea* case %all be =w>d$ to ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor :o %all h ! p[] to mitigate1 r$uce or o!rwise alt] ! s5t5ce impos$ by ! tribunal1 b may n increase ! sev]ity !re(4 7b7 ,9 cases tri$ be=e tribunals au?oriz$ by ,article ,,ii 7c71 ! s5t5ce %all be review$ jo9tly by ! zone comm&]s ( ! nations involv$1 :o mitigate1 r$uce or o!rwise alt] ! s5t5ce by majority vote1 b may n increase ! sev]ity !re(4 ,if only two nations are repres5t$1 ! s5t5ce may be alt]$ only by ! cons5t ( bo? zone comm&]s4 ,article ,,xviii ,no s5t5ce ( dea? %all be c>ri$ into execution unless & until confirm$ 9 writ+ by ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor4 ,9 accordance ) ,article ,,iii1 ,section #e ( ,law ,no4 #aj1 execution ( ! dea? s5t5ce may be def]r$ by n to exce$ "o mon? aft] su* confirmation if !re is reason to believe t ! te/imony ( ! convict$ p]son may be ( value 9 ! inve/igation & trial ( o!r crimes4 ,article ,,xix ,^u ! pron\ncem5t ( a dea? s5t5ce by a tribunal e/abli%$ !reund] & p5d+ confirmation !re(1 ! condemn$ w be rem&$ to ! prison or place :]e he 0 conf9$ & !re be segregat$ f ! o!r inmates1 or be transf]r$ to a m appropriate place ( conf9em5t4 ,article ,,xx ,^u ! confirmation ( a s5t5ce ( dea? ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor w issue ! necess>y ord]s = c>ry+ out ! execution4 ,article ,,xxi ,:]e s5t5ce ( conf9em5t = a t]m ( ye>s has be5 impos$ ! condemn$ %all be conf9$ 9 ! mann] direct$ by ! tribunal impos+ s5t5ce4 ,! place ( conf9em5t may be *ang$ f "t to "t by ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor4 ,article ,,xxii ,any prop]ty decl>$ to be =feit$ or ! re/itution ( :i* is ord]$ by a tribunal %all be deliv]$ to ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor1 = disposal 9 accordance ) ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 ,article ,,ii 7#c74 ,article ,,xxiii ,any ( ! duties & functions ( ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor provid$ = h]e9 may be delegat$ to ! ,deputy ,milit>y ,gov]nor4 ,any ( ! duties & functions ( ! ,zone ,comm&] provid$ = h]e9 may be ex]cis$ by & 9 ! "n ( ! ,milit>y ,gov]nor & may be delegat$ to ! ,deputy ,milit>y ,gov]nor4 ,?is ,ord9ance becomes effective #ah ,octob] #aidf4 ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,milit>y ,,gov]nm5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,milit>y ,,gov]nm5t--,,g]many ,,ord9ance ,,no4 #aa ,,am5d+ ,,milit>y ,,gov]nm5t ,,ord9ance ,,no4 #g ,,( #ah ,,octob] #aidf1 ,,entitl$ 8,,organization ,,& ,,p[]s ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,milit>y ,,tribunals0 ,article ,i ,article ,v ( ,ord9ance ,no4 #g is am5d$ by add+ !reto a new subdivision to be designat$ 87g701 read+ z foll[s3 87g7 ,! presid+ judges1 &1 :5 e/abli%$1 ! sup]visory committee ( presid+ judges provid$ 9 ,article ,,xiii %all assign ! cases br\ght by ! ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes to ! v>i\s ,milit>y ,tribunals = trial40 ,article ,,ii ,ord9ance ,no4 #g is am5d$ by add+ !reto a new article foll[+ ,article ,v to be designat$ ,article ,v-,b1 read+ z foll[s3 87a7 ,a jo9t session ( ! ,milit>y ,tribunals may be call$ by any ( ! presid+ judges !re( or ^u motion1 address$ to ea* ( ! ,tribunals1 ( ! ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes or ( c\nsel = any def5dant ^: int]e/s are affect$1 to he> argum5t ^u & to review any int]locutory rul+ by any ( ! ,milit>y ,tribunals on a fundam5tal or important legal "q ei!r sub/antive or proc$ural1 :i* rul+ is 9 conflict ) or is inconsi/5t ) a prior rul+ ( ano!r ( ! ,milit>y ,tribunals4 87b7 ,a jo9t session ( ! ,milit>y ,tribunals may be call$ 9 ! same mann] z provid$ 9 subsection 7a7 ( ?is ,article to he> argum5t ^u & to review conflict+ or inconsi/5t f9al rul+s conta9$ 9 ! decisions or judgm5ts ( any ( ! ,milit>y ,tribunals on a fundam5tal or important legal "q1 ei!r sub/antive or proc$ural4 ,any motion ) respect to su* f9al rul+ %all be fil$ )9 t5 7#aj7 days foll[+ ! issuance ( decision or judgm5t4 87c7 ,decisions by jo9t sessions ( ! ,milit>y ,tribunals1 unless !reaft] alt]$ 9 ano!r jo9t session1 %all be b9d+ ^u all ! ,milit>y ,tribunals4 ,9 ! case ( ! review ( f9al rul+s by jo9t sessions1 ! judgm5ts review$ may be confirm$ or rem&$ = action consi/5t ) ! jo9t decision4 87d7 ,! pres5ce ( a majority ( ! memb]s ( ea* ,milit>y ,tribunal !n con/itut$ is requir$ to con/itute a quorum4 87e7 ,! memb]s ( ! ,milit>y ,tribunals %all1 be=e any jo9t session beg9s1 agree among !mselves ^u ! selection f _! numb] ( a memb] to preside ov] ! jo9t session4 87f7 ,decisions %all be by majority vote ( ! memb]s4 ,if ! votes ( ! memb]s are equally divid$1 ! vote ( ! memb] presid+ ov] ! session %all be decisive40 ,article ,,iii ,subdivisions 7g7 & 7h7 ( ,article ,,xi ( ,ord9ance ,no4 #g are delet$2 subdivision 7i7 is re-lett]$ 87h702 subdivision 7j7 is relett]$ 87i702 & a new subdivision1 to be designat$ 87g701 is add$1 read+ z foll[s3 87g7 ,! prosecution & def5se %all address ! c\rt 9 su* ord] z ! ,tribunal may det]m9e40 ,?is ,ord9ance becomes effective #ag ,febru>y #aidg4 ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,milit>y ,,gov]nm5t4 ,,(ficials ,,( ,,! ,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y ,,g5]al ,secret>ies ,g5]al ,,mr4 ,,*>les ,e4 ,,s&s ,f #be ,octob] #aidf to #ag ,novemb] #aidf4 ,,mr4 ,,george ,m4 ,,read ,f #ah ,novemb] #aidf to #ai ,janu>y #aidg4 ,,mr4 ,,*>les ,e4 ,,s&s ,f #bj ,janu>y #aidg to #ah ,april #aidg4 ,,colonel ,,john ,e4 ,,ray ,f #ai ,april #aidg to #i ,may #aidh4 ,,dr4 ,,h[>d ,h4 ,,russell ,f #aj ,may #aidh to #a ,decemb] #aidi4 ,deputy & ,executive ,secret>ies ,g5]al ,,mr4 ,,*>les ,e4 ,,s&s ,deputy f #ah ,novemb] #aidf to #aj ,janu>y #aidg4 ,,judge ,,ri*>d ,d4 ,,dixon ,act+ ,deputy f #be ,novemb] #aidf to #e ,m>* #aidg4 ,,mr4 ,,h5ry ,a4 ,,h5dry ,deputy f #f ,m>* #aidg to #i ,may #aidg4 ,,mr4 ,,hom] ,b4 ,,mill>d ,executive ,secret>y ,g5]al f #c ,m>* #aidg to #e ,octob] #aidg4 ,,lieut5ant ,,colonel ,,h]b]t ,n4 ,executive ,secret>y ,g5]al f #f ,,hol/5 ,octob] #aidg to #cj ,april #aidi4 ,assi/ant ,secret>ies ,g5]al ,s9ce _m trials 7 be+ held simultane\sly1 an ,assi/ant ,secret>y ,g5]al 0 designat$ by ! ,secret>y ,g5]al = ea* case4 ,assi/ant ,secret>ies ,g5]al are li/$ ) ! memb]s ( ea* tribunal4 ,m>%als ( ,milit>y ,tribunals ,,colonel ,,*>les ,w4 ,,mays ,f #d ,novemb] #aidf to #e ,septemb] #aidg4 ,,colonel ,,samuel ,l4 ,,metcalfe ,f #g ,septemb] #aidg to #bi ,augu/ #aidh4 ,,capta9 ,,k5yon ,s4 ,,j5ckes ,f #cj ,augu/ #aidh to #cj ,april #aidi4 ,c\rt ,ar*ives ,,mrs4 ,,b>b>a ,s4 ,,m&ellaur ,*ief f #ba ,febru>y #aidg to #cj ,april #aidi4 ,def5se ,in=mation ,c5t] ,,mr4 ,,lamb]tus ,,w>t5a ,def5se ,adm9i/rator f #c ,m>* #aidg to #af ,septemb] #aidg4 ,,lieut5ant ,,colonel ,,h]b]t ,n4 ,def5se ,adm9i/rator f #ag ,,hol/5 ,septemb] #aidg to #ai ,octob] #aidg4 ,,major ,,rob]t ,g4 ,,s*aef] ,def5se ,adm9i/rator f #bj ,octob] #aidg to #cj ,april #aidi4 8,! ,m$ical ,case0 ,,milit>y ,,tribunal ,,no4 #a ,,case #a ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica --aga9/-- ,,k>l ,,br&t1 ,,siegfri$ ,,h&los]1 ,,paul ,,ro/ock1 ,,osk> ,,s*ro$]1 ,,k>l ,,g5zk51 ,,k>l ,,gebh>dt1 ,,kurt ,,blome1 ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 ,,joa*im ,,mrug[sky1 ,,helmut ,,popp5dick1 ,,wolfram ,,siev]s1 ,,g]h>d ,,rose1 ,,siegfri$ ,,ruff1 ,,hans ,,wolfgang ,,romb]g1 ,viktor ,brack1 ,,h]mann ,,beck]-,,freys5g1 ,,georg ,,augu/ ,,weltz1 ,konrad ,s*aef]1 ,,waldem> ,,hov51 ,,wilhelm ,,beiglboeck1 ,adolf ,pokorny1 ,,h]ta ,,ob]heus]1 & ,,fritz ,,fis*]1 ,def5dants ,,introduction ,! 8,doctors ,trial0 or 8,m$ical ,case0--(ficially designat$ ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica vs4 ,k>l ,br&t1 et al4 7,case ,no4 #a7--0 tri$ at ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice 9 ,nu]nb]g be=e ,milit>y ,tribunal ,i4 ,! ,tribunal conv5$ #aci times1 & ! duration ( ! trial is %[n by ! foll[+ s*$ule3 ,indictm5t fil$ #be ,octob] #aidf ,indictm5t s]v$ #e ,novemb] #aidf ,arraignm5t #ba ,novemb] #aidf ,prosecution op5+ /atem5t #i ,decemb] #aidf ,def5se op5+ /atem5t #bi ,janu>y #aidg ,prosecution clos+ /atem5t #ad ,july #aidg ,def5se clos+ /atem5ts #ad-ah ,july #aidg ,judgm5t #ai ,augu/ #aidg ,s5t5ces #bj ,augu/ #aidg ,affirmation ( s5t5ces by ,milit>y #be ,novemb] #aidg ,comm&] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,zone ( ,occupation ,ord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt #af ,febru>y #aidh d5y+ writ ( habeas corpus ,! dea? s5t5ces impos$ on ,k>l ,br&t1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,k>l ,gebh>dt1 ,joa*im ,mrug[sky1 ,viktor ,brack1 ,wolfram ,siev]s1 & ,waldem> ,hov5 7 put into execution on #b ,june #aidh4 ,! ,engli% transcript ( ! ,c\rt proce$+s runs to #aa1ech mimeograph$ pages4 ,! prosecution introduc$ into evid5ce #egj writt5 exhibits 7"s ( :i* conta9$ sev]al docum5ts71 & ! def5se #ija writt5 exhibits4 ,! ,tribunal he>d oral te/imony ( #cb witnesses call$ by ! prosecution & ( #cj witnesses1 exclud+ ! def5dants1 call$ by ! def5se4 ,ea* ( ! #bc def5dants te/ifi$ 9 8 own behalf1 & ea* 0 subject to exam9ation on behalf ( o!r def5dants4 ,! exhibits (f]$ by bo? ! prosecution & def5se conta9$ docum5ts1 photographs1 affidavits1 int]rogatories1 lett]s1 maps1 *>ts1 & o!r writt5 evid5ce4 ,! prosecution introduc$ #di affidavits2 ! def5se introduc$ #ece affidavits4 ,! prosecution call$ #c def5se affiants = cross-exam9ation2 ! def5se call$ #ac prosecution affiants = cross-exam9ation4 ,! case-9-*ief ( ! prosecution took #be c\rt days & ! case = ! #bc def5dants took #ajg c\rt days4 ,! ,tribunal 0 9 recess betwe5 #ah & #bg ,janu>y #aidg to give ! def5se additional "t to prep>e its case4 ,a fur!r recess 0 tak5 f #c to #ad ,july #aidg to all[ bo? prosecution & def5se "t = ! prep>ation ( _! clos+ argum5ts4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,tribunal & prosecution & def5se c\nsel are li/$ on ! ensu+ pages4 ,prosecution c\nsel 7 assi/$ 9 prep>+ ! case by ,walt] ,rapp 7,*ief ( ! ,evid5ce ,division71 ,fr$ ,rodell1 ,norb]t ,b>r1 & ,h]b]t ,mey]1 int]rogators1 & ,h5ry ,sa*s1 ,eleanor ,anspa*]1 ,nancy ,f5/]ma*]1 & ,olga ,lang1 rese>* & docum5t>y analy/s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,selection & arrangem5t ( ! 8,m$ical ,case0 mat]ial publi%$ h]e9 0 accompli%$ pr9cipally by ,arno/ ,horlik-,ho*wald1 work+ "u ! g5]al sup]vision ( ,drexel ,a4 ,spre*]1 ,deputy ,*ief ,c\nsel & ,director ( ,publications1 ,(fice ,u4 ,s4 ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes4 ,ca!r9e ,w4 ,b$=d1 ,h5ry ,buxbaum1 ,emilie ,ev&1 ,g]trude ,f]5cz1 ,paul ,h4 ,gantt1 ,con/ance ,gav>es1 ,olga ,lang1 ,helga ,lund1 ,gw5dol9e ,nieb]gall1 ,johanna ,k4 ,reis*]1 ,hans ,sa*s1 & ,enid ,m4 ,/&r+ assi/$ 9 select+1 compil+1 edit+1 & index+ ! num]\s pap]s4 ,john ,h4 ,e4 ,fri$1 ,special ,legal ,consultant to ! ,tribunals1 review$ & approv$ ! selection & arrangem5t ( ! mat]ial z ! designat$ repres5tative ( ! ,nu]nb]g ,tribunals4 ,f9al compilation & edit+ ( ! manuscript = pr9t+ 0 adm9i/]$ by ! ,w> ,crimes ,division1 ,(fice ( ! ,judge ,advocate ,g5]al1 "u ! direct sup]vision ( ,ri*>d ,a4 ,olbet]1 ,*ief1 ,special ,projects ,bran*1 ) ,alma ,soll] z editor & ,john ,w4 ,mos5?al z rese>* analy/4 ,,ord] ,,con/itut+ ,,tribunal ,i ,,(fice ,,( ,,milit>y ,,gov]nm5t ,,= ,,g]many 7,u4 ,s47 ,,apo #gdb ,,g5]al ,,ord]s ,no4 #fh #bf ,octob] #aidf ,pursuant to ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t ,ord9ance ,no4 #g #a4 ,pursuant to ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t ,ord9ance ,no4 #g1 #bd ,octob] #aidf1 entitl$ 8,organization & ,p[]s ( ,c]ta9 ,milit>y ,tribunals01 !re is h]eby con/itut$1 ,milit>y ,tribunal ,i4 #b4 ,! foll[+ are designat$ z memb]s ( ,milit>y ,tribunal ,i3 ,,walt] ,b4 ,,beals ,presid+ ,judge ,,h>old ,l4 ,,sebr+ ,judge ,,johnson ,,tal ,,craw=d ,judge ,,victor ,c4 ,,swe>+5 ,alt]nate ,judge #c4 ,! ,tribunal %all conv5e at ,nu]nb]g1 ,g]many1 to he> su* cases z may be fil$ by ! ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes or by 8 duly designat$ repres5tative4 #d4 ,?is ord] is effective z ( #be ,octob] #aidf4 ,,by ,,comm& ,,( ,,lieut5ant ,,g5]al ,,clay3 ,c4 ,k4 ,,gailey ,brigadi] ,g5]al1 ,,usa ,*ief ( ,/aff ,,(ficial3 ,g4 ,h4 ,,g>de ,lieut5ant ,colonel1 ,,agd ,adjutant ,g5]al ,,di/ribution3 8,b0 plus #b-,,nru ,,usfet ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,tribunal ,,judge ,,walt] ,b4 ,,beals1 ,presid+ ,judge4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,/ate ( ,wa%+ton4 ,,judge ,,h>old ,l4 ,,sebr+1 ,memb]4 ,associate ,ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,florida4 ,,judge ,,johnson ,t4 ,,craw=d1 ,memb]4 ,=m]ly ,judge ( a ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,/ate ( ,oklahoma4 ,,judge ,,victor ,c4 ,,swe>+51 ,alt]nate ,memb]4 ,=m]ly ,special ,assi/ant to ! ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,assi/ant ,,secret>ies ,,g5]al ,,mr4 ,,dehull ,n4 ,,travis ,f #ba ,novemb] #aidf to #f ,june #aidg ,,major ,,mills ,c4 ,,hatfield ,f #ag ,june #aidg to #ad ,july #aidg ,,miss ,m4 ,a4 ,,royce ,f #ae ,july #aidg to #bj ,augu/ #aidg ,illu/ration3 ,,tribunal ,i--,,case ,,"o4 ,left to ,"r3 ,h>old ,l4 ,sebr+2 ,walt] ,b4 ,beals1 ,presid+2 ,johnson ,tal ,craw=d2 ,victor ,c4 ,swe>+51 ,alt]nate4 ,illu/ration3 ,g5]al view ( c\rtroom on op5+ day ( trial4 ,upp] left3 ,c\rt report] & translators4 ,left3 ,def5dants & def5se c\nsel4 ,at ro/rum3 ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,tel=d ,taylor1 ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes ,"r3 ,judges & c\rt cl]ks ( ,tribunal ,i4 ,=egr\nd3 ,memb]s ( ! prosecution /aff ) ,mr4 ,james ,mc,haney1 ,*ief ,prosecutor1 & ,mr4 ,alex&] ,h>dy1 ,associate ,prosecutor1 seat$ at table directly beh9d ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,taylor4 ,illu/ration3 ,view ( ! def5dants & def5se c\ncil1 #i? ,decemb] #aidf4 ,! def5dants are1 left to "r3 7front r[7 ,k>l ,br&t1 ,siegfri$ ,h&los]1 ,paul ,ro/ock1 ,osk> ,s*ro$]1 ,k>l ,g5zk51 ,k>l ,g]bh>dt1 ,kurt ,blome1 ,joa*im ,mrug[sky1 ,rudolph ,br&t1 ,helmut ,popp5dick1 ,wolfram ,siev]s2 7back r[7 ,g]h>d ,rose1 ,siegfri$ ,ruff1 ,viktor ,brack1 ,hans ,wolfgang ,romb]g1 ,h]mann ,beck]-,freys5g1 ,georg ,augu/ ,weltz1 ,konrad ,s*aeff]1 ,waldem> ,hav51 ,wilhelm ,beiglboeck1 ,adolf ,pokorny1 ,h]ta ,ob]heus]1 ,fritz ,fis*]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! def5dant ,g]h>d ,rose at "w 9 8 cell on 8 def5se mat]ial4 ,,prosecution ,,c\nsel ,*ief ( ,c\nsel3 ,,brigadi] ,,g5]al ,,tel=d ,,taylor ,*ief ,prosecutor3 ,,mr4 ,,james ,m4 ,,m*aney ,associate ,c\nsel3 ,,mr4 ,,alex&] ,g4 ,,h>dy ,,mr4 ,,arno/ ,,horlik-,,ho*wald ,assi/ant ,c\nsel3 ,,mr4 ,,gl5 ,j4 ,,br[n ,,miss ,,e/h] ,j4 ,,johnson ,,mr4 ,,jack ,w4 ,,robb9s ,,mr4 ,,daniel ,j4 ,,%ill] ,,def5se ,,c\nsel ,def5dants ,def5se ,c\nsel ,associate ,def5se ,c\nsel ,,br&t1 ,,k>l ,,dr4 ,,rob]t ,,s]vatius ,,dr4 ,,rudolf ,,s*midt ,,h&los]1 ,,siegfri$ ,,dr4 ,,otto ,,nelte ,,ro/ock1 ,,paul ,,dr4 ,,hans ,,pribilla ,,s*ro$]1 ,,osk> ,,dr4 ,,hanns ,,m>x ,,dr4 ,,walt] ,,dehn] ,,g5zk51 ,,k>l ,,dr4 ,,rudolf ,,m]kel ,,dr4 ,,alfr$ ,,br5n] ,,geh>dt1 ,,k>l ,,dr4 ,,alfr$ ,,seidl ,,dr4 ,,georg ,,gi]l ,,blome1 ,,kurt ,,dr4 ,,fritz ,,saut] ,,br&t1 ,,rudolf ,,dr4 ,,kurt ,,kauffmann ,,mrug[sky1 ,,joa*im ,,dr4 ,,fritz ,,flemm+ ,,popp5dick1 ,,helmut ,,dr4 ,,georg ,,boehm ,,dr4 ,,helmut ,,du]r ,,siev]s1 ,,wolfram ,,dr4 ,,josef ,,weisg]b] ,,dr4 ,,eri* ,,b]gl] ,,rose1 ,,g]h>d ,,dr4 ,,hans ,,fritz ,,ruff1 ,,siegfri$ ,,dr4 ,,fritz ,,saut] ,,romb]g1 ,,hans ,,wolfgang ,,dr4 ,,b]nd ,,vorw]k ,,brack1 ,,viktor ,,dr4 ,,georg ,,froes*mann ,,beck]-,,freys5g1 ,,h]mann ,,dr4 ,,hanns ,,m>x ,,dr4 ,,walt] ,,dehn] ,,weltz1 ,,georg ,,augu/ ,,dr4 ,,siegfri$ ,,wille ,,s*aef]1 ,,konrad ,,dr4 ,,hor/ ,,pelckmann ,,hov51 ,,waldem> ,,dr4 ,,hans ,,gawlik ,,dr4 ,,g]h>d ,,kl9n]t ,,beiglboeck1 ,,wilhelm ,,dr4 ,,gu/av ,,/e9bau] ,,pokorny1 ,,adolf ,,dr4 ,,k>l ,,h(fmann ,,dr4 ,,hans-,,gun!r ,,s]aphim ,,ob]heus]1 ,,h]ta ,,dr4 ,,alfr$ ,,seidl ,,dr4 ,,georg ,,gi]l ,,fis*]1 ,,fritz ,,dr4 ,,alfr$ ,,seidl ,,dr4 ,,georg ,,gi]l ,i4 ,,indictm5t ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 by ! und]sign$ ,tel=d ,taylor1 ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes1 duly appo9t$ to repres5t said ,gov]nm5t 9 ! prosecution ( w> crim9als1 *>ges t ! def5dants h]e9 p>ticipat$ 9 a common design or conspiracy to commit & did commit w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity1 z def9$ 9 ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 duly enact$ by ! ,alli$ ,control ,c\ncil on #bj ,decemb] #aide4 ,^! crimes includ$ murd]s1 brutalities1 cruelties1 tortures1 atrocities1 & o!r inhumane acts1 z set =? 9 c\nts "o1 two1 & ?ree ( ?is indictm5t4 ,c]ta9 def5dants are fur!r *>g$ ) memb]%ip 9 a crim9al organization1 z set =? 9 c\nt f\r ( ?is indictm5t4 ,! p]sons accus$ z guilty ( ^! crimes & accord+ly nam$ z def5dants 9 ?is case are-- ,,k>l ,,br&t--,p]sonal physician to ,adolf ,hitl]2 ,grupp5fuehr] 9 ! ,,ss & ,g5]alleutnant 7,major ,g5]al7 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss2 ,rei* ,commission] = ,heal? & ,sanitation 7,rei*skommiss> fu] ,sanitaets- und ,gesundheitswes572 & memb] ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil 7,rei*s=s*ungsrat74 ,,siegfri$ ,,h&los]--,g5]alob]/abs>zt 7,lieut5ant ,g5]al1 ,m$ical ,s]vice72 ,m$ical ,inspector ( ! ,army 7,he]essanitaets9spekteur72 & ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces 7,*ef des ,wehrma*tsanitaetswes5s74 ,,paul ,,ro/ock--,*ief ,surgeon ( ! ,surgical ,cl9ic 9 ,b]l92 ,surgical ,advis] to ! ,army2 & ,*ief ( ! ,(fice = ,m$ical ,sci5ce & ,rese>* 7,amts*ef d] ,di5//elle ,m$iz9is*e ,wiss5s*aft und ,=s*ung7 "u ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t1 ,rei* ,commission] = ,heal? & ,sanitation4 ,,osk> ,,s*ro$]--,g5]alob]/abs>zt 7,lieut5ant ,g5]al ,m$ical ,s]vice72 ,*ief ( ,/aff ( ! ,inspectorate ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe 7,*ef des ,/abes1 ,inspekteur des ,luftwaffe-,sanitaetswes5s72 & ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe 7,*ef des ,sanitaetswes5s d] ,luftwaffe74 ,,k>l ,,g5zk5--,grupp5fuehr] 9 ! ,,ss & ,g5]alleutnant 7,major ,g5]al7 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss2 & ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 7,*ef des ,sanitaetsamts d] ,waff5 ,,ss74 ,,k>l ,,g]h>dt--,grupp5fuehr] 9 ! ,,ss & ,g5]alleutnant 7,major ,g5]al7 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss2 p]sonal physician to ,rei*sfuehr] ,,ss ,himml]2 ,*ief ,surgeon ( ! ,/aff ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police 7,ob]/] ,kl9ik]1 ,rei*s>zt ,,ss und ,polizei72 & ,presid5t ( ! ,g]man ,r$ ,cross4 ,,kurt ,,blome--,deputy ( ! ,rei* ,heal? ,lead] 7,rei*sgesundheitsfuehr]72 & ,pl5ipot5ti>y = ,canc] ,rese>* 9 ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,,rudolf ,,br&t--,/&>t5fuehr] 7,colonel72 9 ! ,allgeme9e ,,ss2 ,p]sonal ,adm9i/rative ,(fic] to ,rei*sfuehr] ,,ss ,himml] 7,p]so5li*] ,ref]5t von ,himml]72 & ,m9i/]ial ,c\nsellor & ,*ief ( ! ,m9i/]ial ,(fice 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,,joa*im ,,mrug[sky--,ob]fuehr] 7,s5ior ,colonel7 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss2 ,*ief ,hygi5i/ ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police 7,ob]/] ,hygi5ik]1 ,rei*s>zt ,,ss und ,polizei72 & ,*ief ( ! ,hygi5ic ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 7,*ef des ,hygi5is*5 ,in/itutes d] ,waff5 ,,ss74 ,,helmut ,,popp5dick--,ob]fuehr] 7,s5ior ,colonel7 9 ! ,,ss2 & ,*ief ( ! ,p]sonal ,/aff ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police 7,*ef des ,p]so5li*5 ,/abes des ,rei*s>ztes ,,ss und ,polizei74 ,,wolfram ,,siev]s--,/&>t5fuehr] 7,colonel7 9 ! ,,ss2 ,rei* ,manag] ( ! 8,ahn5]be0 ,society & ,director ( its ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* 7,in/itut fu] ,wehrwiss5s*aftli*e ,zweck=s*ung72 & ,deputy ,*airman ( ! ,manag+ ,bo>d ( ,directors ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,,g]h>d ,,rose--,g5]al>zt ( ! ,luftwaffe 7,brigadi] ,g5]al1 ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,air ,=ce72 ,vice ,presid5t1 ,*ief ( ! ,dep>tm5t = ,tropical ,m$ic9e1 & ,pr(essor ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute2 & ,hygi5ic ,advis] = ,tropical ,m$ic9e to ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,,siegfri$ ,,ruff--,director ( ! ,dep>tm5t = ,aviation ,m$ic9e at ! ,g]man ,exp]im5tal ,in/itute = ,aviation 7,deuts*e ,v]su*san/alt fu] ,luftfahrt74 ,,hans ,,wolfgang ,,romb]g--,doctor on ! ,/aff ( ! ,dep>tm5t = ,aviation ,m$ic9e at ! ,g]man ,exp]im5tal ,in/itute = ,aviation4 ,,viktor ,,brack--,ob]fuehr] 7,s5ior ,colonel7 9 ! ,,ss & ,/urmbannfuehr] 7,major7 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss2 & ,*ief ,adm9i/rative ,(fic] 9 ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr] ( ! ,,nsdap 7,ob]di5/leit]1 ,kanzlei des ,fuehr]s d] ,,nsdap74 ,,h]mann ,,beck]-,,freys5g--,/abs>zt 9 ! ,luftwaffe 7,capta91 ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,air ,=ce72 & ,*ief ( ! ,dep>tm5t = ,aviation ,m$ic9e ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,,georg ,,augu/ ,,weltz--,ob]feld>zt 9 ! ,luftwaffe 7,lieut5ant ,colonel1 ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,air ,=ce72 & ,*ief ( ! ,in/itute = ,aviation ,m$ic9e 9 ,muni* 7,in/itut fu] ,luftfahrtm$iz974 ,,konrad ,,s*aef]--,doctor on ! ,/aff ( ! ,in/itute = ,aviation ,m$ic9e 9 ,b]l94 ,,waldem> ,,hov5--,haupt/urmfuehr] 7,capta97 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss2 & ,*ief ,doctor ( ! ,bu*5wald ,conc5tration ,camp4 ,,wilhelm ,,beiglboeck--,consult+ ,physician to ! ,luftwaffe4 ,,adolf ,,pokorny--,physician1 ,speciali/ 9 ,sk9 & ,v5]eal ,diseases4 ,,h]ta ,,ob]heus]--,physician at ! ,rav5sbrueck ,conc5tration ,camp2 & ,assi/ant ,physician to ! def5dant ,gebh>dt at ! ,hospital at ,hoh5ly*54 ,,fritz ,,fis*]--,/urmbannfuehr] 7,major7 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss2 & ,assi/ant ,physician to ! def5dant ,gebh>dt at ! ,hospital at ,hoh5ly*54 ,,c\nt ,,"o--,,! ,,common ,,design ,,or ,,conspiracy #a4 ,betwe5 ,septemb] #aici & ,april #aide all ( ! def5dants h]e91 act+ pursuant to a common design1 unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly did conspire & agree toge!r & ) ea* o!r & ) div]s o!r p]sons1 to commit w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity1 z def9$ 9 ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 ,article ,,ii4 #b4 ,?r\gh\t ! p]iod cov]$ by ?is indictm5t all ( ! def5dants h]e91 act+ 9 conc]t ) ea* o!r & ) o!rs1 unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly 7 pr9cipals 91 accessories to1 ord]$1 abett$1 took a cons5t+ "p 91 & 7 connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ ! commission ( w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity4 #c4 ,all ( ! def5dants h]e91 act+ 9 conc]t ) o!rs = ^: acts ! def5dants are responsible1 unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly p>ticipat$ z lead]s1 organiz]s1 inve/igators1 & accomplices 9 ! =mulation & execution ( ! said common design1 conspiracy1 plans1 & ent]prises to commit1 & :i* involv$ ! commission (1 w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity4 #d4 ,x 0 a "p ( ! said common design1 conspiracy1 plans1 & ent]prises to p]=m m$ical exp]im5ts ^u conc5tration camp inmates & o!r liv+ human subjects1 )\t _! cons5t1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* exp]im5ts ! def5dants committ$ ! murd]s1 brutalities1 cruelties1 tortures1 atrocities1 & o!r inhuman acts1 m fully describ$ 9 c\nts two & ?ree ( ?is indictm5t4 #e4 ,! said common design1 conspiracy1 plans1 & ent]prises embrac$ ! commission ( w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity1 z set =? 9 c\nts two & ?ree ( ?is indictm5t1 9 t ! def5dants unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly enc\rag$1 aid$1 abett$1 & p>ticipat$ 9 ! subjection ( ?\s&s ( p]sons1 includ+ civilians1 & memb]s ( ! arm$ =ces ( nations !n at w> ) ! ,g]man ,rei*1 to murd]s1 brutalities1 cruelties1 tortures1 atrocities1 & o!r inhuman acts4 ,,c\nt ,,two--,,w> ,,crimes #f4 ,betwe5 ,septemb] #aici & ,april #aide all ( ! def5dants h]e9 unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly committ$ w> crimes1 z def9$ by ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 9 t !y 7 pr9cipals 91 accessories to1 ord]$1 abett$1 took a cons5t+ "p 91 & 7 connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ m$ical exp]im5ts )\t ! subjects' cons5t1 ^u civilians & memb]s ( ! arm$ =ces ( nations !n at w> ) ! ,g]man ,rei* & :o 7 9 ! cu/ody ( ! ,g]man ,rei* 9 ex]cise ( bellig]5t control1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* exp]im5ts ! def5dants committ$ murd]s1 brutalities1 cruelties1 tortures1 atrocities1 & o!r inhuman acts4 ,su* exp]im5ts includ$1 b 7 n limit$ to1 ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,high-,altitude ,exp]im5ts4 ,f ab\t ,m>* #aidb to ab\t ,augu/ #aidb exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce1 to inve/igate ! limits ( human endurance & exi/5ce at extremely high altitudes4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 a l[-pressure *amb] 9 :i* ! atmosph]ic conditions & pressures prevail+ at high altitude 7up to #fh1jjj feet7 c\ld be duplicat$4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects 7 plac$ 9 ! l[-pressure *amb] & !reaft] ! simulat$ altitude !re9 0 rais$4 ,_m victims di$ z a result ( ^! exp]im5ts & o!rs suff]$ grave injury1 torture1 & ill-treatm5t4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,s*ro$]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 & ,weltz are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,b7 ,freez+ ,exp]im5ts4 ,f ab\t ,augu/ #aidb to ab\t ,may #aidc exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp1 prim>ily = ! b5efit ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce1 to inve/igate ! mo/ effective means ( treat+ p]sons :o _h be5 sev]ely *ill$ or froz54 ,9 "o s]ies ( exp]im5ts ! subjects 7 =c$ to rema9 9 a tank ( ice wat] = p]iods up to #c h\rs4 ,extreme rigor develop$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,num]\s victims di$ 9 ! c\rse ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,aft] ! survivors 7 sev]ely *ill$1 rew>m+ 0 attempt$ by v>i\s means4 ,9 ano!r s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 ! subjects 7 kept nak$ outdoors = _m h\rs at temp]atures bel[ freez+4 ,! victims scream$ ) pa9 z p>ts ( _! bodies froze4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&1 ,h&los]1 ,s*ro$]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 & ,weltz are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,c7 ,mal>ia ,exp]im5ts4 ,f ab\t ,febru>y #aidb to ab\t ,april #aide exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp 9 ord] to inve/igate immunization = & treatm5t ( mal>ia4 ,heal?y conc5tration-camp inmates 7 infect$ by mosquitoes or by injections ( extracts ( ! muc\s gl&s ( mosquitoes4 ,aft] hav+ contract$ mal>ia ! subjects 7 treat$ ) v>i\s drugs to te/ _! relative efficacy4 ,ov] #a1jjj involunt>y subjects 7 us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,_m ( ! victims di$ & o!rs suff]$ sev]e pa9 & p]man5t disability4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,gebh>dt1 ,blome1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 & ,siev]s are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,d7 ,lo/ 7,mu/>d7 ,gas ,exp]im5ts4 ,at v>i\s times betwe5 ,septemb] #aici & ,april #aide exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ,sa*s5haus51 ,natzweil]1 & o!r conc5tration camps = ! b5efit ( ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces to inve/igate ! mo/ effective treatm5t ( w\nds caus$ by ,lo/ gas4 ,lo/ is a poison gas :i* is commonly kn[n z mu/>d gas4 ,w\nds delib]ately inflict$ on ! subjects 7 infect$ ) ,lo/4 ,"s ( ! subjects di$ z a result ( ^! exp]im5ts & o!rs suff]$ int5se pa9 & injury4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,blome1 ,ro/ock1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 & ,siev]s are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,e7 ,sulfanilamide ,exp]im5ts4 ,f ab\t ,july #aidb to ab\t ,septemb] #aidc exp]im5ts to inve/igate ! effectiv5ess ( sulfanilamide 7 conduct$ at ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp = ! b5efit ( ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces4 ,w\nds delib]ately inflict$ on ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 infect$ ) bact]ia su* z /reptococcus1 gas gangr5e1 & tetanus4 ,circulation ( blood 0 int]rupt$ by ty+ (f blood vessels at bo? ends ( ! w\nd to create a condition simil> to t ( a battlefield w\nd4 ,infection 0 aggravat$ by =c+ wood %av+s & gr\nd glass into ! w\nds4 ,! infection 0 treat$ ) sulfanilamide & o!r drugs to det]m9e _! effectiv5ess4 ,"s subjects di$ z a result ( ^! exp]im5ts & o!rs suff]$ s]i\s injury & int5se agony4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,s*ro$]1 ,g5zk51 ,gebh>dt1 ,blome1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 ,ob]heus]1 & ,fis*] are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,f7 ,bone1 ,muscle1 & ,n]ve ,reg5]ation & ,bone ,transplantation ,exp]im5ts4 ,f ab\t ,septemb] #aidb to ab\t ,decemb] #aidc exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces1 to /udy bone1 muscle1 & n]ve reg5]ation1 & bone transplantation f "o p]son to ano!r4 ,sections ( bones1 muscles1 & n]ves 7 remov$ f ! subjects4 ,z a result ( ^! op]ations1 _m victims suff]$ int5se agony1 mutilation1 & p]man5t disability4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,ob]heus]1 & ,fis*] are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,g7 ,sea-wat] ,exp]im5ts4 ,f ab\t ,july #aidd to ab\t ,septemb] #aidd exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce & ,navy1 to /udy v>i\s me?ods ( mak+ sea-wat] dr9kable4 ,! subjects 7 depriv$ ( all food & giv5 only *emically process$ sea-wat]4 ,su* exp]im5ts caus$ great pa9 & suff]+ & result$ 9 s]i\s bodily injury to ! victims4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,s*ro$]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 ,s*aef]1 & ,beiglboeck are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,h7 ,epidemic ,jaundice ,exp]im5ts4 ,f ab\t ,june #aidc to ab\t ,janu>y #aide exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ! ,sa*s5haus5 & ,natzweil] conc5tration camps1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces1 to inve/igate ! causes (1 & inoculations aga9/1 epidemic jaundice4 ,exp]im5tal subjects 7 delib]ately infect$ ) epidemic jaundice1 "s ( :om di$ z a result1 & o!rs 7 caus$ great pa9 & suff]+4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,s*ro$]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,rose1 & ,beck]-,freys5g are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,i7 ,/]ilization ,exp]im5ts4 ,f ab\t ,m>* #aida to ab\t ,janu>y #aide /]ilization exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ! ,aus*witz & ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camps1 & o!r places4 ,! purpose ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 to develop a me?od ( /]ilization :i* w\ld be suitable = /]iliz+ millions ( p ) a m9imum ( "t & ef=t4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ by means ( ,x-ray1 surg]y1 & v>i\s drugs4 ,?\s&s ( victims 7 /]iliz$ & !reby suff]$ great m5tal & physical angui%4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,brack1 ,pokorny1 & ,ob]heus] are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,j7 ,spott$ ,fev] 7,fleckfieb]7#b ,exp]im5ts4 ,f ab\t ,decemb] #aida to ab\t ,febru>y #aide exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ! ,bu*5wald & ,natzweil] conc5tration camps1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces1 to inve/igate ! effectiv5ess ( spott$ fev] & o!r vacc9es4 ,at ,bu*5wald num]\s heal?y inmates 7 delib]ately infect$ ) spott$ fev] virus 9 ord] to keep ! virus alive2 ov] #ij p]c5t ( ! victims di$ z a result4 ,o!r heal?y inmates 7 us$ to det]m9e ! effectiv5ess ( diff]5t spott$ fev] vacc9es & ( v>i\s *emical sub/ances4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ^! exp]im5ts #ge p]c5t ( ! select$ numb] ( inmates 7 vacc9at$ ) "o ( ! vacc9es or n\ri%$ ) "o ( ! *emical sub/ances &1 aft] a p]iod ( #c to #d weeks1 7 infect$ ) spott$ fev] g]ms4 ,! rema9+ #be p]c5t 7 infect$ )\t any previ\s protection 9 ord] to comp>e ! effectiv5ess ( ! vacc9es & ! *emical sub/ances4 ,z a result1 hundr$s ( ! p]sons exp]im5t$ ^u di$4 ,exp]im5ts ) yell[ fev]1 smallpox1 typhus1 p>atyphus#c ,a & ,b1 *ol]a1 & diph!ria 7 also conduct$4 ,simil> exp]im5ts ) l results 7 conduct$ at ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,s*ro$]1 ,g5zk51 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,rose1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 & ,hov5 are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,k7 ,exp]im5ts ) ,poison4 ,9 or ab\t ,decemb] #aidc1 & 9 or ab\t ,octob] #aidd1 exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp to inve/igate ! effect ( v>i\s poisons ^u human be+s4 ,! poisons 7 secretly adm9i/]$ to exp]im5tal subjects 9 _! food4 ,! victims di$ z a result ( ! poison or 7 kill$ imm$iately 9 ord] to p]mit autopsies4 ,9 or ab\t ,septemb] #aidd exp]im5tal subjects 7 %ot ) poison bullets & suff]$ torture & dea?4 ,! def5dants ,g5zk51 ,gebh>dt1 ,mrug[sky1 & ,popp5dick are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 7,l7 ,inc5di>y ,bomb ,exp]im5ts4 ,f ab\t ,novemb] #aidc to ab\t ,janu>y #aidd exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp to te/ ! effect ( v>i\s ph>maceutical prep>ations on phosphor\s burns4 ,^! burns 7 inflict$ on exp]im5tal subjects ) phosphor\s matt] tak5 f inc5di>y bombs1 & caus$ sev]e pa91 suff]+1 & s]i\s bodily injury4 ,! def5dants ,g5zk51 ,gebh>dt1 ,mrug[sky1 & ,popp5dick are *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 ^! crimes4 #g4 ,betwe5 ,june #aidc & ,septemb] #aidd ! def5dants ,rudolf ,br&t & ,siev]s unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly committ$ w> crimes1 z def9$ by ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 9 t !y 7 pr9cipals 91 accessories to1 ord]$1 abett$1 took a cons5t+ "p 91 & 7 connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ ! murd] ( civilians & memb]s ( ! arm$ =ces ( nations !n at w> ) ! ,g]man ,rei* & :o 7 9 ! cu/ody ( ! ,g]man ,rei* 9 ex]cise ( bellig]5t control4 ,"o hundr$ twelve ,jews 7 select$ = ! purpose ( complet+ a skeleton collection = ! ,rei* ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg4 ,_! photographs & an?ropological measurem5ts 7 tak54 ,!n !y 7 kill$4 ,!reaft]1 comp>ison te/s1 anatomical rese>*1 /udies reg>d+ race1 pa?ological features ( ! body1 =m & size ( ! bra91 & o!r te/s1 7 made4 ,! bodies 7 s5t to ,/rasb\rg & defle%$4 #h4 ,betwe5 ,may #aidb & ,janu>y #aiddd ! def5dants ,blome & ,rudolf ,br&t unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly committ$ w> crimes1 z def9$ by ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 9 t !y 7 pr9cipals 91 accessories to1 ord]$1 abett$1 took a cons5t+ "p 91 & 7 connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ ! murd] & mi/reatm5t ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,poli% nationals :o 7 civilians & memb]s ( ! arm$ =ces ( a nation !n at w> ) ! ,g]man ,rei* & :o 7 9 ! cu/ody ( ! ,g]man ,rei* 9 ex]cise ( bellig]5t control4 ,^! p 7 alleg$ to be infect$ ) incurable tub]culosis4 ,on ! gr\nd ( insur+ ! heal? & welf>e ( ,g]mans 9 ,pol&1 _m tub]cul> ,poles 7 ru?lessly ext]m9at$ :ile o!rs 7 isolat$ 9 dea? camps ) inadequate m$ical facilities4 #i4 ,betwe5 ,septemb] #aici & ,april #aide ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,blome1 ,brack1 & ,hov5 unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly committ$ w> crimes1 z def9$ by ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 9 t !y 7 pr9cipals 91 accessories to1 ord]$1 abett$1 took a cons5t+ "p 91 & 7 connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ ! execution ( ! s-call$ 8eu?anasia0 program ( ! ,g]man ,rei* 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! def5dants h]e9 murd]$ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( human be+s1 includ+ nationals ( ,g]man-occupi$ c\ntries4 ,?is program involv$ ! sy/ematic & secret execution ( ! ag$1 insane1 incurably ill1 ( de=m$ *ildr51 & o!r p]sons1 by gas1 le?al injections1 & div]se o!r means 9 nurs+ homes1 hospitals1 & asylums4 ,su* p]sons 7 reg>d$ z 8useless eat]s0 & a burd5 to ! ,g]man w> ma*9e4 ,! relatives ( ^! victims 7 in=m$ t !y di$ f natural causes1 su* z he>t failure4 ,g]man doctors involv$ 9 ! 8eu?anasia0 program 7 also s5t to ,ea/]n occupi$ c\ntries to assi/ 9 ! mass ext]m9ation ( ,jews4 #aj4 ,! said w> crimes con/itute violations ( int]national conv5tions1 p>ticul>ly ( ,articles #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 & #df ( ! ,hague ,regulations1 #aijg1 & ( ,articles #b1 #c1 & #d ( ! ,prison]-(-,w> ,conv5tion 7,g5eva1 #aibi71 ! laws & cu/oms ( w>1 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( crim9al law z d]iv$ f ! crim9al laws ( all civiliz$ nations1 ! int]nal p5al laws ( ! c\ntries 9 :i* su* crimes 7 committ$1 & ( ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,,c\nt ,,?ree--,,crimes ,,aga9/ ,,humanity #aa4 ,betwe5 ,septemb] #aici & ,april #aide all ( ! def5dants h]e9 unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly committ$ crimes aga9/ humanity1 z def9$ by ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 9 t !y 7 pr9cipals 91 accessories to1 ord]$1 abett$1 took a cons5t+ "p 91 & 7 connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ m$ical exp]im5ts1 )\t ! subjects' cons5t1 ^u ,g]man civilians & nationals ( o!r c\ntries1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* exp]im5ts ! def5dants committ$ murd]s1 brutalities1 cruelties1 tortures1 atrocities1 & o!r inhuman acts4 ,! p>ticul>s conc]n+ su* exp]im5ts are set =? 9 p>agraph #f ( c\nt two ( ?is indictm5t & are incorporat$ h]e9 by ref]5ce4 #ab4 ,betwe5 ,june #aidc & ,septemb] #aidd ! def5dants ,rudolf ,br&t & ,siev]s unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly committ$ crimes aga9/ humanity1 z def9$ by ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 9 t !y 7 pr9cipals 91 accessories to1 ord]$1 abett$1 took a cons5t+ "p 91 & 7 connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ ! murd] ( ,g]man civilians & nationals ( o!r c\ntries4 ,! p>ticul>s conc]n+ su* murd]s are set =? 9 p>agraph #g ( c\nt two ( ?is indictm5t & are incorporat$ h]e9 by ref]5ce4 #ac4 ,betwe5 ,may #aidb & ,janu>y #aidde ! def5dants ,blome & ,rudolf ,br&t unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly committ$ crimes aga9/ humanity1 z def9$ by ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 9 t !y 7 pr9cipals 91 accessories to1 ord]$1 abett$1 took a cons5t+ "p 91 & 7 connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ ! murd] & mi/reatm5t ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,poli% nationals4 ,! p>ticul>s conc]n+ su* murd] & inhuman treatm5t are set =? 9 p>agraph #h ( c\nt two ( ?is indictm5t & are incorporat$ h]e9 by ref]5ce4 #ad4 ,betwe5 ,septemb] #aici & ,april #aide ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,blome1 ,brack1 & ,hov5 unlawfully1 willfully1 & kn[+ly committ$ crimes aga9/ humanity1 z def9$ by ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 9 t !y 7 pr9cipals 91 accessories to1 ord]$1 abett$1 took a cons5t+ "p 91 & 7 connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ ! execution ( ! s-call$ 8eu?anasia0 program ( ! ,g]man ,rei*1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! def5dants h]e9 murd]$ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( human be+s1 includ+ ,g]man civilians1 z well z civilians ( o!r nations4 ,! p>ticul>s conc]n+ su* murd]s are set =? 9 p>agraph #i ( c\nt two ( ?is indictm5t & are incorporat$ h]e9 by ref]5ce4 #ae4 ,! said crimes aga9/ humanity con/itute violations ( int]national conv5tions1 includ+ ,article #df ( ! ,hague ,regulations1 #aijg1 ! laws & cu/oms ( w>1 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( crim9al law z d]iv$ f ! crim9al laws ( all civiliz$ nations1 ! int]nal p5al laws ( ! c\ntries 9 :i* su* crimes 7 committ$1 & ( ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,,c\nt ,,f\r--,,memb]%ip ,,9 ,,crim9al ,,organization #af4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,g5zk51 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,brack1 ,hov51 & ,fis*] are guilty ( memb]%ip 9 an organization decl>$ to be crim9al by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal 9 ,case ,no4 #a1 9 t ea* ( ! said def5dants 0 a memb] ( ! ,,s*utz/affeln ,,d] ,,nationalsoziali/is*5 ,,deuts*5 ,,arbeit]p>tei 7commonly kn[n z ! 8,,ss07 aft] #a ,septemb] #aici4 ,su* memb]%ip is 9 violation ( p>agraph ,i 7d71 ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,:]e=e1 ?is indictm5t is fil$ ) ! ,secret>y ,g5]al ( ! ,milit>y ,tribunals & ! *>ges h]e9 made aga9/ ! above-nam$ def5dants are h]eby pres5t$ to ,,milit>y ,,tribunal ,,no4 ,i4 ,,tel=d ,,taylor ,brigadi] ,g5]al1 ,,usa ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes ,act+ on ,behalf ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,nu]nb]g1 #be ,octob] #aidf ----- #b ,x 0 def9itely asc]ta9$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! proce$+s1 by bo? prosecution & def5se1 t ! correct translation ( 8,fleckfieb]0 is typhus4 ,a f9d+ to ?is effect is conta9$ 9 ! judgm5t4 ,a simil> initial inadequate translation occurr$ 9 ! case ( 8typhus0 & 8p>atyphus0 :i* %\ld be r5d]$ z typhoid & p>atyphoid4 #c ,ibid4 #d ,indictm5t orig9ally read 8,janu>y #aidc0 b 0 am5d$ by a motion fil$ ) ! ,secret>y ,g5]al4 ,see ,arraignm5t1 p4 #ah4 #e ,ibid4 ,,ii4 ,,arraignm5t ,extract f ! (ficial ,transcript ( ,milit>y ,tribunal ,i 9 ! matt] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica vs4 ,k>l ,br&t et al41 def5dants1 sitt+ at ,nu]nb]g1 ,g]many1 on #ba ,novemb] #aidf1 ,judge ,beals presid+4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,we w n[ proce$ to arraign ! def5dants on ! cause n[ p5d+ be=e ?is ,tribunal4 ,z ! names ( ! def5dants are call$ ea* def5dant w /&1 & w rema9 /&+ until told to be seat$4 ,mr4 ,secret>y ,g5]al ( ! ,tribunal w call ! roll ( ! def5dants4 ,,! ,,secret>y ,,g5]al3 ,k>l ,br&t1 ,siegfri$ ,h&los]1 ,paul ,ro/ock1 ,osk> ,s*ro$]1 ,k>l ,g5zk51 ,k>l ,gebh>dt1 ,kurt ,blome1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,joa*im ,mrug[sky1 ,helmut ,popp5dick1 ,wolfram ,siev]s1 ,g]h>d ,rose1 ,siegfri$ ,ruff1 ,hans ,wolfgang ,romb]g1 ,viktor ,brack1 ,h]mann ,beck]-,freys5g1 ,georg ,augu/ ,weltz1 ,konrad ,s*aef]1 ,waldem> ,hov51 ,wilhelm ,beiglboeck1 ,adolf ,pokorny1 ,h]ta ,ob]heus]1 ,fritz ,fis*]4 7,z _! names are call$1 ! def5dants rise47 ,if ! ,honorable ,tribunal please1 all ( ! def5dants are 9 ! dock4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,! def5dants w be seat$4 ,! c\nsel = ! prosecution w n[ proce$ ) ! arraignm5t ( ! def5dants4 ,"h ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,taylor read ! indictm5t 9 full4 ,see pp4 #h-ag4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,i %all n[ call ^u ! def5dants to plead guilty or n guilty to ! *>ges aga9/ !m4 ,ea* def5dant1 z 8 "n is call$1 w /& & speak into ! microphone4 ,at ?is "t !re w be no argum5ts1 spee*es1 or discussion ( any k9d4 ,ea* def5dant w simply plead ei!r guilty or n guilty to ! (f5ses ) :i* he is *>g$ by ! indictm5t4 ,k>l ,br&t4 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,mr4 ,*airman1 be=e ! def5dant pleads guilty or n guilty1 may ,i say a ^w8 ,i am def5se c\nsel = ! def5dant ,s*aef]1 numb] #ah4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,= :i* def5dant8 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,s*aef]1 numb] #ah4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,we are n[ receiv+ ! plea ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 ,y d n repres5t him z c\nsel1 d y8 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,no4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,!n ,i see no reason = c\nsel = ano!r def5dant mak+ any rem>ks at ?is "t4 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,may ,i speak be=e ! def5dant ,s*aef] speaks8 ,a =mal objection4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,:5 ! "n ( ! def5dant ,s*aef] is call$1 y may address ! ,c\rt4 ,k>l ,br&t1 are y repres5t$ by c\nsel 9 ?is proce$+8 ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t3 ,yes4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,h[ d y plead to ! *>ges & specifications & ea* !re( set =? 9 ! indictm5t aga9/ y1 guilty or n guilty8 ,,def5dant ,,h&los]3 ,yes4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,be seat$4 ,siegfri$ ,h&los]1 are y repres5t$ by c\nsel 9 ?is cause8 ,,def5dant ,,h&los]3 ,no1 ,i h no c\nsel yet4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,d y desire t ! ,tribunal appo9t c\nsel = y8 ,,def5dant ,,h&los]3 ,i hope t today or tomorr[ ,i may receive an affirmative answ] f a def5se c\nsel4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,are y at ?is "t ready to plead to ! indictm5t1 guilty or n guilty8 ,,def5dant ,,h&los]3 ,yes4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,h[ d y plead to ! *>ges & specifications & ea* !re( set =? 9 ! indictm5t aga9/ y1 guilty or n guilty8 ,,def5dant ,,h&los]3 ,n guilty4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,be seat$4 ,at ?is po9t ! def5dants ,paul ,ro/ock1 ,osk> ,s*ro$]1 ,k>l ,g5zk51 ,k>l ,gebh>dt1 ,kurt ,blome1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,joa*im ,mrug[sky1 ,helmut ,popp5dick1 ,wolfram ,siev]s1 ,g]h>d ,rose1 ,siegfri$ ,ruff1 ,hans ,wolfgang ,romb]g1 ,viktor ,brack1 ,h]mann ,beck]-,freys5g & ,georg ,augu/ ,weltz 7 arraign$4 ,all 7 repres5t$ by c\nsel4 ,all plead$ n guilty to ! indictm5t4 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,y\r ,honor1 may ,i speak8 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,:at is ! purpose ( ! rem>ks y desire to make8 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,i %\ld l to object to ! indictm5t4 ,i %\ld l to say t 9 my op9ion1 z f> z ,s*aef] is conc]n$1 ! indictm5t does n con=m to ,ord9ance ,no4 #g4 ,i c expla9 t4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,h[ mu* "t d y desire to pres5t y\r argum5t8 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,?ree m9utes4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,y may proce$4 ,fir/1 h y fil$ 9 ! proce$+ any writt5 notice ( ! objection to ! indictm5t & s]v$ x ^u ! prosecutor8 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,i h n _h ! indictm5t long en\gh4 ,i h j _h ! writt5 mat]ial = #b days4 ,:at ,i h to say ,i c\ld submit 9 writ+ lat]4 ,because ( ! brief "t1 ,i ask to be all[$ to make a brief /atem5t n[4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,y may make a brief /atem5t & submit argum5t 9 support ( y\r objection )9 #e days4 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,v well4 ,may ,i n[ say some?+8 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,y may proce$ = #c m9utes4 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,ord9ance ,no4 #g1 9 ,article ,,iv 7a71 prescribes ! foll[+ accord+ to ! ,engli% text3 8,! indictm5t %all /ate ! *>ges pla9ly1 concisely & ) suffici5t p>ticul>s to in=m def5dant ( ! (f5ses *>g$40 ,s*aef] is *>g$ only on "o c\nt1 c\nt two 7,g74 ,exp]im5ts ) sea-wat] 9 ,da*au are *>g$ aga9/ #ab def5dants4 ,9 two s5t5ces ! indictm5t goes on to say t ! #ab p]sons :o are !n nam$ are *>g$ ) special responsibility = ^! crimes & p>ticipation 9 !m4 ,i am ( ! op9ion t ?is does n conta9 suffici5t p>ticul>s4 8,responsibility0 & 8p>ticipation0 are legal concepts4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( 8suffici5t p>ticul>s10 :i* implies details4 ,! indictm5t1 9 my op9ion1 mu/ give facts to indicate h[ & :y ea* "o ( ^! #ab def5dants :o1 o/5sibly1 p>ticipat$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 is responsible & p>ticipat$4 ,my cli5t _c tell :at ! nature ( 8 p>ticipation is suppos$ to h be54 ,! indictm5t says1 9 c\nt "o1 numb] #b1 t all def5dants 7 pr9cipals 91 accessories to1 ord]$1 abett$1 took a cons5t+ "p 91 & 7 connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ ! commission ( w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity4 ,^? also are only legal concepts4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,y may file a writt5 brief 9 support ( y\r position4 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,i %\ld l to add1 )\t ! k ( ! indictm5t1 my cli5t is n ready to answ] ! "q z to :e!r he is guilty or n guilty4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,y w s]ve a copy ( y\r brief ^u ! prosecution & file x ) ! ,secret>y ,g5]al4 ,,dr4 ,,pelckmann3 ,v well1 y\r ,honor4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,9 connection ) ?is matt]1 ,g5]al ,taylor1 d y desire to make any rem>ks or sugge/ions8 ,,brigadi] ,,g5]al ,,taylor3 ,y\r ,honor1 ne$less to say1 we h no objection to ! mak+ ( ?is motion or ! fil+ ( ?is brief4 ,x is ne$less to say1 also1 t we ?9k ! indictm5t q adequately specifies ! date1 place1 & type ( exp]im5t *>g$4 ,! def5dant's connection ) x is bett] kn[n to ! def5dant ?an to anyone else4 ,!re is no reason :y he %\ld n ent] 8 plea at ?is "t4 ,,judge ,,sebr+3 ,t w\ld n g to ! jurisdictional aspect ( ! indictm5t1 b x w\ld g to ! "q ( p>ticul>s4 ,! consid]ation is :e!r or n ^u ! %[+ ( ! motion1 m p>ticul>s z to ! *>ges specifi$1 %\ld be includ$4 ,d y und]/& my po9t8 ,,brigadi] ,,g5]al ,,taylor3 ,yes1 y\r ,honor4 ,t is :at ,i und]/ood4 ,! prosecution w consid] ! motion1 & if ne$ be1 submit p>ticul>s1 al?\gh we ?9k ! indictm5t is adequate en\gh4 ,we ?9k !re is no *all5ge ( ! jurisdiction4 ,! def5dant %\ld be requir$ to promptly plead4 ,,judge ,,craw=d3 ,h[ d y plead to ! *>ges aga9/ y8 ,,def5dant ,,s*aef]3 ,n guilty4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,be seat$4 ,at ?is po9t ! balance ( ! def5dants3 ,waldem> ,hov51 ,wilhelm ,beiglboeck1 ,adolf ,pokorny1 ,h]ta ,ob]heus] & ,fritz ,fis*] 7 arraign$4 ,all 7 repres5t$ by c\nsel4 ,all plead$ n guilty to ! indictm5t4 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius3 ,s]vatius = ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 ,y\r ,honor1 may ,i make an application reg>d+ ! submission ( docum5ts by ! prosecution8 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,y may /ate y\r application4 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius3 ,y\r ,honor1 ,i ask ! ,tribunal to in/ruct ! prosecution t ! docum5ts be submitt$ to ! def5se 9 "t1 ! docum5ts on :i* ! *>ge is bas$4 ,?is w\ld make ! proce$+s easi] & give ! def5se an opportunity to exam9e ! docum5ts 9 "t1 & to obta9 c\nt]pro(4 ,9 ! fir/ trial be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 we 7 giv5 a li/ ( docum5ts ) ! indictm5t2 al?\gh ^! docum5ts 7 n enclos$1 we c\ld look at !m & we c\ld "w on !m4 ,up to n[ we h no?+ on :i* we c build our def5se4 ,9 o!r words1 on ! #i? ( ,decemb]1 we w h proce$$ no fur!r ?an today1 & we w n be able to advise our cli5ts4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,y may be seat$ & we w he> f ! prosecution1 ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,tel=d ,taylor4 ,,brigadi] ,,g5]al ,,taylor3 ,y\r ,honor1 ! c\nsel = ! def5se :o has j spok5 is ?or\ghly famili> ) ! proc$ures us$ 9 ! prior case4 ,! prosecution 9 ?is case plans to foll[ ! same proc$ures & give ! def5se c\nsel ! same opportunities &1 if possible1 m4 ,! ,def5se ,in=mation ,c5t]1 :i* is ! place :]e ! docum5ts h 9 ! pa/ be5 made available1 w be suppli$ 9 advance ) copies ( ! docum5ts on :i* our evid5ce is bas$4 ,i w\ld sugge/1 y\r ,honor1 t aft] all c\nsel = ! def5se are "h t x w\ld be mo/ useful if !re be a meet+ betwe5 repres5tatives ( ! prosecution & ! def5se s t proc$ures c be develop$4 ,b at ! mom5t only half ( ! c\nsel = ! def5se are "h & x w\ld be economical if ^! matt]s c\ld be arrang$ aft] !y are all pres5t4 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius3 ,y\r ,honor1 may ,i ask "o "q8 ,may ,i add "o ?+1 t ! docum5ts be giv5 to u 9 ,g]man4 ,9 ! previ\s trial1 !re 0 difficulty at ! beg9n+ because we got !m 9 ,engli%4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,i believe if c\nsel = ! def5se w ref] to ! rules promulgat$ by ?is ,tribunal on #b ,novemb] #aidf1 y w see t a requirem5t is made t all su* matt]s be submitt$ 9 a language t is und]/ood by ea* ( ! def5dants4 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius3 ,yes1 b = te*nical reasons t 0 n always done4 ,!re 7 great difficulties4 ,! conf]5ces ) ! prosecution w make x possible to elim9ate ! difficulties4 ,if x is n possible1 ,i w address ! ,c\rt aga94 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,d y h any?+ fur!r1 ,g5]al ,taylor8 ,,brigadi] ,,g5]al ,,taylor3 ,y\r ,honor1 ! prosecution m]ely wi%es to note t x has fil$ ) ! ,secret>y ,g5]al a motion to am5d ! indictm5t 9 p>agraph #h ( c\nt two & p>agraph #ac ( c\nt ?ree1 by *ang+ #aidc to #aidd4 ,! motion has be5 fil$ ) ! ,secret>y ,g5]al & copies ( ! motion are 9 ,g]man & are 9 ! h&s ( def5se c\nsel4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,h[ _m ( ! def5dants are conc]n$ ) ! am5dm5t to ! indictm5t8 ,my po9t is t if !-- ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,if ! ,tribunal please1 ! am5dm5t occurs fir/ 9 p>agraph #h on page #ad ( ! indictm5t & x affects only two ( ! def5dants2 namely1 ,blome & ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,! am5dm5t is also made 9 p>agraph #ac because ! same facts are !re *>g$ z a crime aga9/ humanity4 ,9 p>agraph #ac only ! same two def5dants are involv$2 t is1 def5dants ,blome & ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,:at are ! p>ticul>s ( ! am5dm5t8 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,! only *ange made by ! am5dm5t is to say ! date ,janu>y #aidd = ! date ,janu>y #aidc2 9 o!r words1 x ext5ds ! p]iod cov]$ by ! crime = #a ye>4 ,! date #aidc 0 ins]t$ by mi/ake 9 ! indictm5t z fil$ ) ! ,tribunal4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,are ^! two def5dants repres5t$ by c\nsel "h pres5t ?is morn+8 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,i ?9k t ,rudolf ,br&t answ]$ 8,yes04 ,,def5dant ,,blome3 ,yes1 y\r ,honor4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,has ?is motion be5 s]v$ ^u c\nsel = ^! two def5dants8 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,y\r ,honor1 my und]/&+ is t ! motion = am5dm5t 0 fil$ ) ! ,secret>y ,g5]al4 ,if we und]/& ! rules correctly1 ! ,secret>y ,g5]al !n s]ves x ^u ! def5dants4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,i 0 j ask+ = in=mation :e!r !y _h receiv$ copies ( ! motion4 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,t ,i don't "k4 ,yes1 ! c\nsel = ^! def5dants say 8,yes04 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,does c\nsel = def5dant ,blome raise any objection to ! am5dm5t ( ! indictm5t8 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,no4 ,,dr4 ,,kauffmann3 ,kauffmann = ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,i h no objection to ! *ange4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,y repres5t ,rudolf ,br&t8 ,,dr4 ,,kauffmann3 ,yes4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,well1 ! o!r def5dant affect$ is def5dant ,blome1 ,i und]/&4 ,is he repres5t$ "h8 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,dr4 ,saut] = ! def5dant ,blome4 ,we don't h any objection4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,! indictm5t w be am5d$ 9 accordance ) ! motion4 ,is x agreeable to c\nsel = ^! two def5dants t ! arraignm5t z to !m ^u ?is c\nt :i* has j be5 am5d$ be consid]$ z pleas to ! c\nt z am5d$ n[--_! pleas ( 8,n ,guilty08 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,yes4 ,,dr4 ,,kauffmann3 ,yes4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,^! matt]s w appe> 9 ! records ( ! ,tribunal4 ,! pleas ( ! def5dants w all be ent]$ 9 ! m9utes ( ! ,tribunal4 ,,iii4 ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,tribunal ,,on ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,trial ,,& ,,rules ,,( ,,proc$ure1 #i ,,decemb] #aidff ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,i h a /atem5t :i* ,i desire to make = ! b5efit ( ! prosecution1 def5dants1 & all conc]n$3 ,be=e op5+ ! trial ( ,case ,no4 #a1 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica aga9/ ,k>l ,br&t1 et al41 !re are c]ta9 matt]s :i* ! ,tribunal desires to call to ! att5tion ( ! c\nsel = ! prosecution & ! c\nsel = ! def5dants4 #a4 ,! prosecution may be all[$1 = ! purpose ( mak+ ! op5+ /atem5t 9 ?is case1 "t n to exce$ "o trial day4 ,?is "t may be allocat$ by ! *ief prosecutor1 betwe5 himself & any ( 8 assi/ants1 z he desires4 #b4 ,:5 ! prosecution has re/$ its case1 def5se c\nsel w be all[$ two trial days 9 :i* to make _! op5+ /atem5ts1 & :i* w compreh5d ! entire !ory ( _! respective def5ses4 ,! "t allocat$ w be divid$ betwe5 ! diff]5t def5se c\nsel1 z !y may !mselves agree4 ,9 ! ev5t ! def5se c\nsel _c agree1 ! ,tribunal w allocate ! "t1 n to exce$ #cj m9utes to ea* def5dant4 #c4 ,! prosecution %all1 n less ?an #bd h\rs be=e x desires to (f] any record or docum5t or writ+ 9 evid5ce z "p ( its case-9-*ief1 file ) ! ,def5se ,in=mation ,c5t] n less ?an "o copy ( su* record1 docum5t1 or writ+ = ea* ( ! c\nsel = def5dants1 su* copies to be 9 ! ,g]man language4 ,! prosecution %all also deliv] to ! ,def5se ,in=mation ,c5t] at lea/ f\r copies !re( 9 ! ,engli% language4 #d4 ,:5 ! prosecution or any def5dant (f]s a record1 docum5t1 or any o!r writ+1 or a copy !re(1 9 evid5ce1 !re %all be deliv]$ to ! ,secret>y ,g5]al 9 addition to ! orig9al docum5t or o!r in/rum5t 9 writ+ s (f]$ = admission 9 evid5ce1 six copies ( ! docum5t4 ,if ! docum5t is writt5 or pr9t$ 9 a language o!r ?an ,engli% !re %all also be fil$ ) ! copies ( ! docum5t above ref]r$ to six copies ( an ,engli% translation ( ! docum5t4 ,if su* docum5t is (f]$ by any def5dant1 suitable facilities = procur+ ,engli% translations ( t docum5t %all be made available4 #e4 ,at lea/ #bd h\rs be=e a witness is call$ to ! /&1 ei!r by ! prosecution or by any def5dant1 ! p>ty :o desires to int]rogate ! witness %all deliv] to ! ,secret>y ,g5]al an orig9al & six copies ( a memor&um :i* %all disclose3 7#a7 ! "n ( ! witness2 7#b7 8 nationality2 7#c7 8 resid5ce or /ation2 7#d7 8 (ficial rank or position2 7#e7 :e!r he is call$ z an exp]t witness or z a witness to te/ify to facts1 & if ! latt]1 a prep>$ /atem5t ( ! subject matt] on :i* ! witness w be int]rogat$4 ,:5 ! prosecution prep>es su* a /atem5t 9 connection ) ! witness :om x desires to call1 at ! "t ( ! fil+ ( ?is /atem5t1 two additional copies !re( %all be deliv]$ to ! ,def5se ,in=mation ,c5t]4 ,:5 a def5dant prep>es su* a /atem5t conc]n+ a witness :om x desires to call1 ! def5dant %all at ! same "t z ! copies are fil$ ) ! ,secret>y ,g5]al deliv] "o additional copy to ! prosecution4 #f4 ,:5 ei!r ! prosecution or a def5dant desires ! ,tribunal to take judicial notice ( any (ficial ,gov]nm5t docum5ts or reports ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 includ+ any action1 rul+ or regulation ( any committee1 bo>d1 or c\nsel1 h]et(ore e/abli%$ by or 9 ! ,alli$ ,nations = ! inve/igation ( w> crimes1 or any record made by1 or ! f9d+s (1 any milit>y or o!r tribunal1 ?is ,tribunal may refuse to take judicial notice ( su* docum5ts1 rules1 or regulations1 unless ! p>ty propos+ asks ?is ,tribunal to notice su* docum5ts1 rules1 or regulations judicially1 & places a copy !re( 9 writ+ be=e ! ,tribunal4 ,?is ,tribunal has le>n$ ) satisfaction ( ! proc$ure adopt$ by ! prosecution ) ! int5tion ( furni%+ to ! def5se c\nsel in=mation conc]n+ ! writ+s or docum5ts :i* ! prosecution expects to (f] 9 evid5ce = ! purpose ( af=d+ ! def5se c\nsel in=mation to help !m prep>e _! respective def5se to ! indictm5ts4 ,! desire ( ! ,tribunal is t ?is be made available to ! def5dants s z to aid !m 9 ! pres5tation ( _! respective def5se4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica hav+ e/abli%$ ?is ,milit>y ,tribunal ,i1 pursuant to law1 ?r\gh prop]ly emp[]$ milit>y au?orities1 & ! def5dants hav+ be5 br\ght be=e ,milit>y ,tribunal ,i pursuant to ! indictm5t fil$ #be ,octob] #aidf 9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,secret>y ,g5]al ( ! ,milit>y ,tribunal at ,nu]nb]g1 ,g]many by an (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 regul>ly designat$ z ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes1 act+ on behalf ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 pursuant to appropriate milit>y au?ority1 & ! indictm5t hav+ be5 s]v$ ^u ea* def5dant = m ?an #cj days prior to ?is date1 & a copy ( ! indictm5t 9 ! ,g]man language hav+ be5 furni%$ to ea* def5dant & hav+ be5 9 8 possession m ?an #cj days & ea* def5dant hav+ _h ample opportunity to read ! indictm5t1 & hav+ regul>ly ent]$ 8 plea ( 8n guilty0 to ! indictm5t1 ! ,tribunal is ready to proce$ ) ! trial4 ,?is ,tribunal w conduct ! trial 9 accordance ) controll+ laws1 rules1 & regulations1 & ) due reg>d to appropriate prec$5ts 9 a s9c]e endeavor to insure bo? to ! prosecution & to ea* & e def5dant an opportunity to pres5t all evid5ce ( an appropriate value be>+ ^u ! issues be=e ! ,tribunal2 to ?is end1 t "u law & p5d+ regulations imp>tial ju/ice may be accompli%$4 ,! trial1 ( c\rse1 w be a public trial1 n "o beh9d clos$ doors2 b1 because ( limit$ facilities available1 ! ,tribunal mu/ insi/ t ! numb] ( spectators be limit$ to ! seat+ capacity ( ! c\rtroom4 ,passes w !re=e be issu$ by ! appropriate au?orities to ^? :o may ent] ! c\rtroom4 ,! ,tribunal w insi/ t good ord] be at all times ma9ta9$1 & appropriate measures w be tak5 to see t ?is rule is /rictly en=c$4 ,= ! in=mation ( all conc]n$1 ! ,tribunal ann\nces t he>+s w be held ea* day ?is week comm5c+ at #i3cj o'clock ?r\gh ,friday4 ,! ,tribunal w reconv5e at #i3cj o'clock1 ,monday1 #af ,decemb] #aidf1 & w hold sessions e day ( t week includ+ ,saturday1 on :i* day1 h[ev]1 ! ,tribunal w recess until #i3cj o'clock1 ,?ursday1 #b ,janu>y #aidg1 :5 ! ,tribunal w conv5e at ! usual "t4 ----- #f ,tr4 pp4 #i-aa4 ,,iv4 ,,op5+ ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,prosecution ,,by ,,brigadi] ,,g5]al ,,tel=d ,,taylor1 #i ,,decemb] #aidf4g ,! def5dants 9 ?is case are *>g$ ) murd]s1 tortures1 & o!r atrocities committ$ 9 ! "n ( m$ical sci5ce4 ,! victims ( ^! crimes are numb]$ 9 ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s4 ,a h&ful only are /ill alive2 a few ( ! survivors w appe> 9 ?is c\rtroom4 ,b mo/ ( ^! mis]able victims 7 slaught]$ outright or di$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! tortures to :i* !y 7 subject$4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y are nameless dead4 ,to _! murd]]s1 ^! wret*$ p 7 n individuals at all4 ,!y came 9 :olesale lots & 7 treat$ worse ?an animals4 ,!y 7 #bjj ,jews 9 good physical condition1 #ej gypsies1 #ejj tub]cul> ,poles1 or #a1jjj ,russians4 ,! victims ( ^! crimes are numb]$ among ! anonym\s millions :o met dea? at ! h&s ( ! ,nazis & ^: fate is a hide\s blot on ! page ( mod]n hi/ory4 ,! *>ges aga9/ ^! def5dants are br\ght 9 ! "n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,!y are be+ tri$ by a c\rt ( ,am]ican judges4 ,! responsibilities ?us impos$ ^u ! repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 prosecutors & judges alike1 are grave & unusual4 ,x is ow$1 n only to ! victims & to ! p>5ts & *ildr5 ( ! victims1 t j puni%m5t be impos$ on ! guilty1 b also to ! def5dants t !y be accord$ a fair he>+ & decision4 ,su* responsibilities are ! ord9>y burd5 ( any tribunal4 ,f> wid] are ! duties :i* we mu/ fulfill "h4 ,^! l>g] obligations run to ! peoples & races on :om ! sc\rge ( ^! crimes 0 laid4 ,! m]e puni%m5t ( ! def5dants1 or ev5 ( ?\s&s ( o!rs equally guilty1 c nev] r$ress ! t]rible injuries :i* ! ,nazis visit$ on ^! un=tunate peoples4 ,= !m x is f> m important t ^! incr$ible ev5ts be e/abli%$ by cle> & public pro(1 s t no "o c ev] d\bt t !y 7 fact & n fable2 & t ?is ,c\rt1 z ! ag5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & z ! voice ( humanity1 /amp ^! acts1 & ! ideas :i* eng5d]$ !m1 z b>b>\s & crim9al4 ,we h /ill o!r responsibilities "h4 ,! def5dants 9 ! dock are *>g$ ) murd]1 b ?is is no m]e murd] trial4 ,we _c re/ cont5t :5 we h %[n t crimes 7 committ$ & t c]ta9 p]sons committ$ !m4 ,to kill1 to maim1 & to torture is crim9al "u all mod]n sy/ems ( law4 ,^! def5dants did n kill 9 hot blood1 nor = p]sonal enri*m5t4 ,"s ( !m may be sadi/s :o kill$ & tortur$ = sport1 b !y are n all p]v]ts4 ,!y are n ignorant m54 ,mo/ ( !m are tra9$ physicians & "s ( !m are di/+ui%$ sci5ti/s4 ,yet ^! def5dants1 all ( :om 7 fully able to compreh5d ! nature ( _! acts1 & mo/ ( :om 7 exceptionally qualifi$ to =m a moral & pr(essional judgm5t 9 ?is respect1 are responsible = :olesale murd] & unspeakably cruel tortures4 ,x is our deep obligation to all peoples ( ! _w to %[ :y & h[ ^! ?+s happ5$4 ,x is incumb5t ^u u to set =? ) conspicu\s cl>ity ! ideas & motives :i* mov$ ^! def5dants to treat _! fell[ m5 z less ?an bea/s4 ,! p]v]se ?\ghts & di/ort$ concepts :i* br\ght ab\t ^! savag]ies are n dead4 ,!y _c be kill$ by =ce ( arms4 ,!y mu/ n become a spread+ canc] 9 ! brea/ ( humanity4 ,!y mu/ be cut out & expos$1 = ! reason s well /at$ by ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,jackson 9 ?is c\rtroom a ye> ago-- 8,! wrongs :i* we seek to condemn & puni% h be5 s calculat$1 s malignant1 & s deva/at+1 t civilization _c tol]ate _! be+ ignor$ because x _c survive _! be+ repeat$40 ,to ! ,g]man p we owe a special responsibility 9 ^! proce$+s4 ,"u ! lead]%ip ( ! ,nazis & _! w> lords1 ! ,g]man nation spread dea? & deva/ation ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,?is ! ,g]mans n[ "k4 ,s1 too1 d !y "k ! consequ5ces to ,g]many3 defeat1 ru91 pro/ration1 & utt] demoralization4 ,mo/ ,g]man *ildr5 w nev]1 z long z !y live1 see an undamag$ ,g]man city4 ,to :at cause w ^! *ildr5 ascribe ! defeat ( ! ,g]man nation & ! deva/ation t surr\nds !m8 ,w !y attribute x to ! ov]:elm+ weight ( numb]s & res\rces t 0 ev5tually leagu$ aga9/ !m8 ,w !y po9t to ! +5uity ( enemy sci5ti/s8 ,w !y p]haps blame _! plight on /rategic & milit>y blund]s by _! g5]als8 ,if ! ,g]mans embrace ^? reasons z ! true cause ( _! disa/]1 x w be a sad & fatal ?+ = ,g]many & = ! _w4 ,m5 :o h nev] se5 a ,g]man city intact w be call\s ab\t flatt5+ ,engli% or ,am]ican or ,russian cities4 ,!y may n ev5 realize t !y are de/roy+ any?+ wor?:ile1 = lack ( a normal s5se ( values4 ,to ree/abli% ! greatness ( ,g]many !y are likely to p9 _! fai? on improv$ milit>y te*niques4 ,su* views w lead ! ,g]mans /raight into ! arms ( ! ,prussian milit>i/s to :om defeat is only a glori\s opportunity to />t a new w> game4 8,next "t x w be diff]5t40 ,we "k all too well :at t w mean4 ,?is case1 & o!rs :i* w be tri$ 9 ?is build+1 (f] a signal opportunity to lay be=e ! ,g]man p ! true cause ( _! pres5t mis]y4 ,! walls & t[]s & *ur*es ( ,nu]nb]g 71 inde$1 r$uc$ to rubble by ,alli$ bombs1 b 9 a deep] s5se ,nu]nb]g _h be5 de/roy$ a decade e>li]1 :5 x became ! seat ( ! annual ,nazi ,p>ty rallies1 a focal po9t = ! moral dis9tegration 9 ,g]many1 & ! private doma9 ( ,julius ,/rei*]4 ,! insane & malignant doctr9es t ,nu]nb]g spew$ =? acc\nt alike = ! crimes ( ^! def5dants & = ! t]rible fate ( ,g]many "u ! ,?ird ,rei*4 ,a nation :i* delib]ately infects itself ) poison w inevitably sick5 & die4 ,^! def5dants & o!rs turn$ ,g]many into an inf]nal comb9ation ( a lunatic asylum & a *>nel h\se4 ,nei!r sci5ce1 nor indu/ry1 nor ! arts c\ld fl\ri% 9 su* a f\l m$ium4 ,! c\ntry c\ld n live at peace & 0 fatally h&icapp$ = w>4 ,i d n ?9k ! ,g]man p h z yet any conception ( h[ deeply ! crim9al folly t 0 nazism bit into e phase ( ,g]man life1 or ( h[ utt]ly ravag+ ! consequ5ces 74 ,x w be our task to make ^! ?+s cle>4 ,^! are ! high purposes :i* ju/ify ! e/abli%m5t ( extraord9>y c\rts to he> & det]m9e ?is case & o!rs ( comp>able importance4 ,t murd] %\ld be puni%$ goes )\t ! say+1 b ! full p]=mance ( our task requires m ?an ! j s5t5c+ ( ^! def5dants4 ,_! crimes 7 ! inevitable result ( ! s9i/] doctr9es :i* !y esp\s$1 & ^! same doctr9es seal$ ! fate ( ,g]many1 %att]$ ,europe1 & left ! _w 9 f]m5t4 ,:]ev] ^? doctr9es may em]ge & prevail1 ! same t]rible consequ5ces w foll[4 ,t is :y a bold & lucid consummation ( ^! proce$+s is ( vital importance to all nations4 ,t is :y ! ,unit$ ,/ates has con/itut$ ?is ,tribunal4 ,,/ate ,,m$ical ,,s]vices ,,( ,,! ,,?ird ,,rei* ,i pass n[ to ! facts ( ! case 9 h&4 ,!re are #bc def5dants 9 ! box4 ,all b ?ree ( !m--,rudolf ,br&t1 ,siev]s1 & ,brack--are doctors4 ,( ! #bj doctors1 all b "o--,pokorny--held positions 9 ! m$ical s]vices ( ! ,?ird ,rei*4 ,to und]/& ?is case1 x is necess>y to und]/& ! g5]al /ructure ( ^! /ate m$ical s]vices1 & h[ ^! s]vices fitt$ into ! ov]-all organization ( ! ,nazi ,/ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,*>t ,%[+ ,g]man ,/ate ,m$ical ,s]vices ,to assi/ ! ,c\rt 9 ?is reg>d ! prosecution has prep>$ a %ort expository brief n introduc$ into evid5ce :i* is already 9 ! h&s ( ! ,c\rt & :i* has be5 made available to def5se c\nsel 9 ,g]man & ,engli%4 ,! brief includes a gloss>y ( ! m frequ5t ,g]man words or expressions :i* w occur 9 ?is trial--mo/ ( !m f ! vocabul>y ( milit>y1 m$ical1 or gov]nm5tal affairs4 ,x also includes a table ( equival5t ranks ,app4 ,vol4 ,,ii betwe5 ! ,am]ican ,army & ! ,g]man ,army & ! ,,ss1 & ( ! m$ical ranks us$ 9 ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces & ! ,,ss4 ,f9ally1 x includes a *>t see p4 #cj %[+ ! subord9ation ( ! sev]al ,g]man m$ical s]vices )9 ! g5]al framework ( ! ,g]man ,/ate4 ,?is *>t has be5 enl>g$ & is display$ at ! front ( ! c\rtroom4 ,foll[+ ?is op5+ /atem5t ,mr4 ,mc,haney1 9 op5+ ! pres5tation ( evid5ce on behalf ( ! prosecution1 w (f] 9 evid5ce a s]ies ( detail$ *>ts ( ! v>i\s ,g]man m$ical s]vices1 :i* h be5 c]tifi$ z accurate by ! def5dants ,h&los]1 ,s*ro$]1 ,k>l ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 & ,brack4 ,! *>t to :i* ,i am n[ direct+ ! att5tion ( ! ,tribunal is a composite *>t bas$ ^u ^? :i* ,mr4 ,mc,haney w (f] 9 evid5ce4 ,! *>t 9 ! front ( ! c\rtroom to :i* ,i n[ ref] w n be (f]$ 9 evid5ce2 x is int5d$ m]ely z a conv5i5t guide to ! ,c\rt & to def5se c\nsel to enable !m to foll[ ! op5+ /atem5t & to compreh5d ! ov]-all /ructure ( ! ,g]man m$ical s]vices4 ,all p[] 9 ! ,?ird ,rei* d]iv$ f ,adolf ,hitl]1 :o 0 at "o & ! same "t ! head ( ! gov]nm5t1 ! lead] ( ! ,nazi ,p>ty1 & ! comm&] 9 *ief ( ! arm$ =ces4 ,8 title z head ( ! gov]nm5t 0 ,rei* ,*ancellor4 ,he 0 ! 8,fuehr]0 ( ! ,nazi ,p>ty1 & ! 8,supreme ,comm&]0 ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,imm$iately subord9ate to ,hitl] 7 ! *iefs ( ! arm$ =ces1 ! pr9cipal cab9et m9i/]s 9 ! gov]nm5t1 & ! lead+ (ficials ( ! ,nazi ,p>ty4 ,! only def5dant 9 ! dock :o 0 directly responsible to ,hitl] himself is ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 ,! ,c\rt w obs]ve t ! def5dants fall into ?ree ma9 gr\ps4 ,eight ( !m 7 memb]s ( ! m$ical s]vice ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce4 ,sev5 ( !m 7 memb]s ( ! m$ical s]vice ( ! ,,ss4 ,! rema9+ eight include ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t & ,h&los]1 :o occupi$ top positions 9 ! m$ical hi]>*y2 x includ$ ! ?ree def5dants :o are n doctors2 ! def5dant ,ro/ock1 :o 0 an imm$iate subord9ate ( ,k>l ,br&t2 ! def5dant ,blome1 a m$ical (ficial ( ! ,nazi ,p>ty2 & ! def5dant ,pokorny1 :om we h gr\p$ "u ! ,,ss = reasons :i* w appe> lat]4 ,i w deal fir/ ) ! milit>y side ( ! case4 ,hitl]1 z ,supreme ,comm&] ( ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces1 ex]cis$ 8 au?ority ?r\gh a /aff call$ ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces1 bett] kn[n by its ,g]man initials1 ,,okw 7,ob]komm&o d] ,wehrma*t74 ,! *ief ( ?is /aff1 ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ) :i* ?is case w conc]n itself1 0 ,field ,m>%al ,wilhelm ,keitel4 ,"u ! ,,okw came ! ,high ,comm&s ( ! ?ree bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t3 ! ,navy 7,,okm71 ! ,army 7,,okh7 & ! ,air ,=ce 7,,okl74 ,gr& ,admiral ,eri* ,ra$] 0 ! ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,navy until #aidc1 :5 he 0 succe$$ by ,gr& ,admiral ,k>l ,do5itz4 ,prior to ! outbreak ( ! w>1 ! ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,army 0 ,field ,m>%al von ,brau*its*4 ,9 ,decemb] #aida ,brau*its* 0 reliev$ & ,hitl] himself took ?is position4 ,h]mann ,go]+ 0 ! ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce ) ! rank ( ,rei* ,m>%al1 until ! v la/ mon? ( ! w>4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t _h its own m$ical s]vice4 ,= purposes ( ?is case1 ! m$ical s]vice ( ! ,navy is n ( mu* importance4 ,dur+ mo/ ( ! w> ! def5dant ,h&los] 0 ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,g]man ,army2 9 #aidd he 0 succe$$ 9 ?is capacity by ,dr4 ,walt]4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce until #aidc 0 ,dr4 ,eri* ,hippke2 f ,janu>y #aidd until ! end ( ! w>1 x 0 ! def5dant ,s*ro$]4 ,subord9ate to ! def5dant ,s*ro$] are sev5 o!r def5dants f ! ,air ,=ce ,m$ical ,s]vice1 ^: functions ,i w briefly describe lat] on4 ,i turn n[ to ! second pr9cipal gr\p ( def5dants--^? affiliat$ ) ! ,,ss4 ,! ,,ss 0 nom9ally a "p ( ! ,nazi ,p>ty1 & came "u ,hitl] 9 8 capacity z ,fuehr] ( ! ,,nsdap4 ,9 fact1 dur+ ! ye>s ( ! ,nazi regime1 ! ,,ss exp&$ into a va/ complex ( milit>y1 police1 & intellig5ce organizations4 ,! head ( ?is extraord9>y comb9e 0 ,he9ri* ,himml]1 ) ! title ( ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,! ,,ss _h its own m$ical s]vice1 head$ by ,grawitz1 :o bore ! title ,rei* ,physician ,,ss4 ,! ,,ss 9 turn 0 divid$ into _m dep>tm5ts1 ( :i* "o ( ! mo/ important 0 ! ,arm$ or ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 7 tra9$ & equipp$ z regul> troops1 7 =m$ into regul> milit>y =mations1 & f\ght at ! front side by side ) ! troops ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,by ! end ( ! w> !re 7 "s #cj ,,ss divisions 9 ! l9e4 ,! head ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 0 ! def5dant ,g5zk54 ,six o!r def5dants 7 memb]s ( ! ,,ss ,m$ical ,s]vice & !re=e subord9at$ to ,grawitz4 ,! ,g]man civilian m$ical s]vices d]iv$ _! au?ority bo? f ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t & f ! ,p>ty4 ,! m$ical *ief on ! civilian side 0 ,dr4 ,leon>do ,conti1 :o committ$ suicide 9 ,octob] #aide4 ,dr4 ,conti occupi$ ! position ( ,/ate ,secret>y = ,heal? 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,9 ?is capacity ,conti 0 a subord9ate ( ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 ,dr4 ,wilhelm ,frick1 until #aidc1 & !reaft] to ,he9ri* ,himml] :o assum$ ! additional duties ( ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior 9 t ye>4 ,conti also held ! title 9 ! ,nazi ,p>ty ( ,rei* ,heal? ,lead]4 ,8 deputy 9 ?is capacity 0 ! def5dant ,blome4 ,z ,rei* ,heal? ,lead]1 ,conti 0 subord9ate to ! ,nazi ,p>ty ,*ancell]y1 ! *ief ( :i* 0 ,m>t9 ,bormann4 ,z ! ,c\rt w see f ! *>t1#h ! ?ree pr9cipal p 9 ! hi]>*y ( ,g]man /ate heal? & m$ic9e are ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t & ,h&los]1 & ! deceas$ ,dr4 ,conti4 ,9 ,july #aidb1 ,hitl] issu$ a decree1 a copy ( :i* w lat] be read be=e ! ,c\rt1 :i* e/abli%$ ! def5dant ,h&los] z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,%[n on ! *>t "h ,h&los]'s "n appe>s 9 ?is capacity4 ,h&los] 0 giv5 sup]visory & pr(essional au?ority ov] ! m$ical s]vices ( all ?ree bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,inasmu* z ! ,waff5 ,,ss came to con/itute an important "p ( ! arm$ =ces1 ,h&los]'s sup]visory au?ority also ext5d$ to ! def5dant ,g5zk51 ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,9 ?is position ,h&los] 0 *>g$ ) ! coord9ation ( all common tasks ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t & ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,he ?us became ! pr9cipal figure 9 ,g]man milit>y m$ic9e1 j z ,dr4 ,conti 0 ! c5tral figure 9 ! field ( civilian m$ic9e4 ,h&los] & ,conti1 z w be se5 f ! *>t1 7 n directly responsible to ,hitl] himself4 ,h&los]'s responsibility ran to ,hitl] ?r\gh ! ,,okw1 & ,conti's ?r\gh ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior & ! *ief ( ! ,nazi ,p>ty ,*ancell]y4 ,9 #aidb ,hitl] = ! fir/ "t e/abli%$ a m$ical & heal? (ficial "u 8 direct control4 ,?is (ficial 0 ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 ,a ,hitl] decree ( ,july #aidb 7,,no-#jhj7 gave ,br&t ! title ,pl5ipot5ti>y = ,heal? & ,m$ical ,s]vices1 & emp[]$ him to c>ry out special tasks & negotiations ) ref]5ce to ! requirem5ts = doctors1 hospitals1 m$ical supplies1 etc41 betwe5 ! milit>y & civilian sectors ( ! heal? & sanitation sy/ems4 ,br&t's role1 !re=e1 0 to coord9ate ! requirem5ts ( ! milit>y & civilian ag5cies 9 ! field ( m$ic9e & public heal?4 ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t _h be5 ! p]sonal physician to ,hitl] s9ce #aicd4 ,he 0 only #ch ye>s old at ! "t he assum$ ! important duties conf]r$ by ! #aidb decree4 ,8 rise cont9u$4 ,9 ,septemb] #aidc ,hitl] issu$ ano!r decree :i* gave ,br&t ! title ( ,g5]al ,commission] = ,sanitation & ,heal? & emp[]$ him to coord9ate & direct ! problems & activities ( ! entire adm9i/ration = sanitation & heal?4 7,,no-#jha47 ,?is au?ority 0 explicitly ext5d$ to ! field ( m$ical sci5ce & rese>*4 ,f9ally1 9 ,augu/ #aidd1 ,hitl] appo9t$ ,dr4 ,br&t ,rei* ,commission] = ,sanitation & ,heal?1 & /at$ t 9 ?is capacity ,br&t's (fice rank$ z ! 8highe/ ,rei* au?ority40 7,,no-#jhb47 ,br&t 0 au?oriz$ to issue in/ructions to ! m$ical (fices & organizations ( ! gov]nm5t1 to ! p>ty1 & ! arm$ =ces1 9 ! field ( sanitation & heal?4 ,k>l ,br&t1 z ! supreme m$ical au?ority 9 ! ,rei*1 appo9t$ ! def5dant ,paul ,ro/ock z 8 imm$iate subord9ate to head ! ,(fice = ,sci5tific & ,m$ical ,rese>*4 ,ro/ock's position rea*$ into ! activities ( ! m$ical societies1 ! m$ical colleges1 & ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,br&t also appo9t$ ,admiral ,fik5ts*]1 :o _h !ret(ore be5 ! *ief m$ical (fic] ( ! ,g]man ,navy1 z 8 subord9ate to head ! ,(fice = ,plann+ & ,production4 ,9 ?is field1 ,fik5ts*] dealt ) ! pr9cipal labor au?orities1 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,economics1 & ! ,m9i/ry = ,armam5t & ,w> ,production4 ,z *ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce1 ! def5dant ,s*ro$] also held "o ( ! mo/ important positions 9 ! ,g]man m$ical hi]>*y4 ,he & ! def5dant ,h&los] bo? held ! rank ( ,g5]alob]/abs>zt1 ! highe/ rank 9 ! ,g]man m$ical s]vice & ! equival5t ( lieut5ant g5]al 9 ! ,am]ican ,army4 ,i d n propose to g into detail conc]n+ ! positions held by ! sev5 def5dants :o 7 "u ,s*ro$]1 inasmu* z ,mr4 ,mc,haney w introduce *>ts :i* %[ 9 great detail ! /ructure ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce ,m$ical ,s]vice1 & :i* h be5 au!nticat$ by ! def5dant ,s*ro$] himself4 ,! def5dant ,rose held a high rank 9 ! ,air ,=ce ,m$ical ,s]vice equival5t to t ( a brigadi] g5]al 9 ! ,am]ican ,army & 0 appo9t$ special advis] to ,s*ro$] on matt]s p]ta9+ to tropical m$ic9e1 held a *air at "o ( ! mo/ important ,g]man m$ical in/itutes1 & is "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ sci5ti/s 9 ! dock4 ,! def5dant ,beck]-,freys5g head$ ,s*ro$]'s dep>tm5t = aviation m$ic9e4 ,! def5dant ,weltz 0 *ief ( ! ,in/itute = ,aviation ,m$ic9e at ,muni*4 ,! p>ticul> functions ( ! def5dants ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 ,s*aef]1 & ,beiglboeck w appe> z we proce$ ) ! pres5tation ( ! evid5ce4 ,i w likewise pass ov] v briefly ! detail$ functions ( ! six ,,ss physicians :o 7 %[n on ! *>t z ! subord9ates ( ,grawitz4 ,detail$ *>ts ( ! ,,ss ,m$ical ,s]vice1 au!nticat$ by ! def5dant ,mrug[sky1 w %ortly be introduc$ 9 evid5ce4 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt 0 ,himml]'s p]sonal physician & he held a rank 9 ! ,,ss equival5t to t ( a major g5]al 9 ! ,am]ican ,army4 ,he became ! presid5t ( ! ,g]man ,r$ ,cross4 ,he 0 ! *ief surgeon on ,grawitz's /aff1 & also head$ ! hospital at ,hoh5ly*51 9 :i* capacity ! def5dants ,ob]heus] & ,fis*] 7 8 assi/ants4 ,! def5dant ,popp5dick 0 ! *ief ( ,grawitz's p]sonal /aff4 ,! def5dant ,mrug[sky 0 ,grawitz's *ief hygi5i/ & also head$ ! ,hygi5ic ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,! def5dant ,hov5 0 ! *ief doctor ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 ,! def5dant ,pokorny is a private physician :o _h no (ficial connection ) ! gov]nm5tal m$ical s]vice4 ,we h %[n him on ! *>t und]nea? ! gr\p ( ,,ss physicians = reasons :i* w appe> 9 ! c\rse ( pres5t+ ! evid5ce conc]n+ /]ilization exp]im5ts 7p>4 #f 7,i7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,! ?ree def5dants :o are n doctors are %[n 9 ! top "r-h& corn] ( ! *>t4 ,two ( !m--,rudolf ,br&t & ,brack--are adm9i/rative (fic]s4 ,rudolf ,br&t _h ! rank ( colonel 9 ! ,,ss1 0 sort ( p]sonal adjutant1 & held an adm9i/rative (fice bo? 9 ! ,,ss & ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,viktor ,brack 0 ! *ief adm9i/rative (fic] 9 ,hitl]'s p]sonal *ancell]y ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr]1 ! head ( :i* 0 ,philipp ,b\hl]4 ,! def5dant ,siev]s1 :o held ! rank ( colonel 9 ! ,,ss1 is a special case4 ,he 0 a direct subord9ate ( ,he9ri* ,himml] 9 ! latt]'s capacity z presid5t ( ! s-call$ ,ahn5]be ,society4 ,! "n ( ?is society lit]ally means 8ance/ral h]itage01 & x 0 orig9ally devot$ to sci5tific & psu$o-sci5tific rese>*es conc]n+ ! an?ropological & cultural hi/ory ( ! ,g]man race4 ,lat] on an ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* 0 set up )9 ! ,ahn5]be ,society4 ,siev]s 0 ! manag] ( ! society & ! director ( ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>*4 ,?is concludes ! g5]al description ( ! ,g]man /ate m$ical s]vices "u ! ,nazi regime1 & ( ! positions :i* ! def5dants occupi$ 9 ! s*eme ( ?+s4 ,x is conv5i5t at ?is po9t to ref] to c\nt f\r ( ! indictm5t1 :i* *>ges t #aj ( ! def5dants 7 memb]s ( an organization decl>$ to be crim9al by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 & t su* memb]%ip is 9 violation ( p>agraph #a 7d7 ( ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,! organization 9 "q is ! ,,ss4 ,?is c\nt conc]ns ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t1 six ( ! def5dants :o 7 affiliat$ ) ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,,ss1 & ?ree def5dants :o are n doctors4 ,x does n conc]n any ( ! n9e def5dants on ! milit>y side1 nor ! def5dants ,ro/ock1 ,blome1 ,ob]heus]1 or ,pokorny4 ,! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal's decl>ation ( crim9ality applies to all p]sons :o _h be5 (ficially accept$ z memb]s ( any bran* ( ! ,,ss1 & :o rema9$ memb]s aft] #a ,septemb] #aici4 ,! prosecution w %[ t all #aj def5dants *>g$ 9 c\nt f\r 7 (ficially accept$ z memb]s ( ! ,,ss & rema9$ s aft] t date4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,g5zk51 & ,gebh>dt held ranks 9 bo? ! ,g5]al or ,allgeme9e ,,ss & ! ,waff5 ,,ss equival5t to t ( a major g5]al 9 ! ,am]ican ,army4 ,! def5dants ,mrug[sky1 ,hov51 ,popp5dick1 & ,fis*] all held (fic] rank 9 ! ,,ss or ,waff5 ,,ss1 & all f\r ( !m1 toge!r ) ! def5dants ,g5zk5 & ,gebh>dt1 held positions 9 ! ,,ss ,m$ical ,s]vice4 ,! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t held ! rank ( colonel 9 ! ,g5]al 7,allgeme9e7 ,,ss1 & 0 a p]sonal assi/ant to ,himml] 9 ,himml]'s capacity z ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,! def5dant ,brack held (fic] rank 9 bo? ! ,,ss & ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,! def5dant ,siev]s held ! rank ( colonel 9 ! ,,ss1 & 0 manag] ( ! ,ahn5]be ,society1 :i* 0 atta*$ to ! ,,ss ,ma9 ,(fice4 ,! decl>ation ( crim9ality by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal does n apply :5 x appe>s t a memb] ( ! ,,ss 0 draft$ into memb]%ip 9 su* a way z to give him no *oice 9 ! matt]4 ,nor does x apply if x appe>s t ! memb] _h no k t ! organization 0 be+ us$ = ! commission ( crim9al acts4 ,= purposes ( ?is case1 ^! que/ions1 ! prosecution believes1 w be academic4 ,all ( ! def5dants *>g$ 9 c\nt f\r held (fic] rank 9 ! ,,ss1 & mo/ ( !m held s5ior rank4 ,!y 7 mov+ spirits & p]sonal p>ticipants 9 murd] & torture on a l>ge scale1 & 9 a v>iety ( o!r crimes4 ,9 ?is connection we respectfully invite ! ,tribunal's att5tion to two /atem5ts by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal :i*1 "u ,article ,x ( ,ord9ance ,no4 #g1 con/itute pro( 9 ! abs5ce ( sub/antial new evid5ce to ! contr>y4 ,9 sett+ =? ! crim9al acts committ$ by ! ,,ss1 ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal /at$3#i 8,also atta*$ to ! ,,ss ma9 (fices 0 a rese>* f\ndation kn[n z ! ,exp]im5ts ,ahn5]be4 ,! sci5ti/s atta*$ to ?is organization are /at$ to h be5 ma9ly honor>y memb]s ( ! ,,ss4 ,dur+ ! w> an in/itute = milit>y sci5tific rese>* became atta*$ to ! ,ahn5]be :i* conduct$ ext5sive exp]im5ts involv+ ! use ( liv+ human be+s40 ,& aga9 x 0 /at$3#aj 8,9 connection ) ! adm9i/ration ( ! conc5tration camps1 ! ,,ss emb>k$ on a s]ies ( exp]im5ts on human be+s :i* 7 p]=m$ on prison]s ( w> or conc5tration camp inmates4 ,^! exp]im5ts includ$ freez+ to dea? & kill+ by poison bullets4 ,! ,,ss 0 able to obta9 an allocation ( ,gov]nm5t funds = ?is k9d ( rese>* on ! gr\nds t !y _h access to human mat]ial n available to o!r ag5cies40 ,,crimes ,,committ$ ,,9 ,,! ,,guise ,,( ,,sci5tific ,,rese>* 7,c\nts two & ?ree1 p>s4 #f1 #g1 #aa1 & #ab7 ,i turn n[ to ! ma9 "p ( ! indictm5t & w outl9e at ?is po9t ! prosecution's case relat+ to ^? crimes alleg$ to h be5 committ$ 9 ! "n ( m$ical or sci5tific rese>*4 ,! *>ges ) respect to 8eu?anasia0 & ! slaught] ( tub]cul> ,poles obvi\sly h no relation to rese>* or exp]im5tation & w be dealt ) lat]4 ,:at ,i w cov] n[ compreh5ds all ! exp]im5ts *>g$ z w> crimes 9 p>agraph #f & z crimes aga9/ humanity 9 p>agraph #aa ( ! indictm5t1 & ! murd]s committ$ = s-call$ an?ropological purposes :i* are *>g$ z w> crimes 9 p>agraph #g & z crimes aga9/ humanity 9 p>agraph #ab ( ! indictm5t4 ,be=e tak+ up ^! exp]im5ts "o by "o1 let u look at !m z a :ole4 ,are !y a het]og5e\s li/ ( horrors1 or is !re a common d5om9ator = ! :ole gr\p8 ,a sort ( r\gh patt]n is app>5t on ! face ( ! indictm5t4 ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ high altitude1 ! effect ( cold1 & ! potability ( process$ sea-wat] h an obvi\s relation to a]onautical & naval combat & rescue problems4 ,! mu/>d gas & phosphor\s burn exp]im5ts1 z well z ^? relat+ to ! heal+ value ( sulfanilamide = w\nds1 c be relat$ to air-raid & battlefield m$ical problems4 ,x is well kn[n t mal>ia1 epidemic jaundice1 & typhus 7 among ! pr9cipal diseases :i* _h to be combat$ by ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces & by ,g]man au?orities 9 occupi$ t]ritories4 ,to "s degree1 ! !rapeutic patt]n outl9$ above is und\bt$ly a valid "o1 & expla9s :y ! ,wehrma*t1 & especially ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce1 p>ticipat$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,fanatically b5t ^u conque/1 utt]ly ru?less z to ! means or in/rum5ts to be us$ 9 a*iev+ victory1 & call\s to ! suff]+s ( p :om !y reg>d$ z inf]ior1 ! ,g]man milit>i/s 7 will+ to ga!r :atev] sci5tific fruit ^! exp]im5ts might yield4 ,b our pro( w %[ t a q diff]5t & ev5 m s9i/] objective runs l a r$ ?read ?r\gh ^! hide\s rese>*es4 ,we w %[ t 9 "s in/ances ! true object ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 n h[ to rescue or to cure1 b h[ to de/roy & kill4 ,! /]ilization exp]im5ts 71 x is cle>1 purely de/ructive 9 purpose4 ,! prison]s at ,bu*5wald :o 7 %ot ) poison$ bullets 7 n gu9ea pigs to te/ an antidote = ! poison2 _! murd]]s really want$ to "k h[ quickly ! poison w\ld kill4 ,?is de/ructive objective is n sup]ficially z app>5t 9 ! o!r exp]im5ts1 b we w %[ t x 0 (t5 !re4 ,mank9d has n h]et(ore felt ! ne$ ( a ^w to d5om9ate ! sci5ce ( h[ to kill prison]s mo/ rapidly & subjugat$ p 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,?is case & ^! def5dants h creat$ ?is gruesome "q = ! lexicograph]4 ,= ! mom5t we w *ri/5 ?is macabre sci5ce 8?anatology10 ! sci5ce ( produc+ dea?4 ,! ?anatological k1 d]iv$ 9 "p f ^! exp]im5ts1 suppli$ ! te*niques = g5ocide1 a policy ( ! ,?ird ,rei*1 exemplifi$ 9 ! 8eu?anasia0 program & 9 ! wide-spread slaught] ( ,jews1 gypsies1 ,poles1 & ,russians4 ,?is policy ( mass ext]m9ation c\ld n h be5 s effectively c>ri$ out )\t ! active p>ticipation ( ,g]man m$ical sci5ti/s4 ,i w n[ take up ! exp]im5ts !mselves4 ,two or ?ree ( !m ,i w describe m fully1 b mo/ ( !m w be treat$ 9 summ>y fa%ion1 z ,mr4 ,mc,haney w be pres5t+ detail$ pro( ( ea* ( !m4 ,a4 ,high-,altitude ,exp]im5ts ,! exp]im5ts kn[n z 8high-altitude0 or 8l[-pressure0 exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp 9 #aidb4 ,accord+ to ! pro(1 ! orig9al proposal t su* exp]im5ts be c>ri$ out on human be+s orig9at$ 9 ! spr+ ( #aida ) a ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*]4 ,ras*] 0 at t "t a capta9 9 ! m$ical s]vice ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce1 & also held (fic] rank 9 ! ,,ss4 ,he is believ$ n[ to be dead4 ,! orig9 ( ! idea is reveal$ 9 a lett] :i* ,ras*] wrote to ,himml] 9 ,may #aida at :i* "t ,ras*] 0 tak+ a c\rse 9 aviation m$ic9e at a ,g]man ,air ,=ce headqu>t]s 9 ,muni*4 ,accord+ to ! lett]1 ?is c\rse includ$ rese>*es into high-altitude fly+ & 8consid]able regret 0 express$ at ! fact t no te/s ) human mat]ial _h yet be5 possible = u1 z su* exp]im5ts are v dang]\s & nobody volunte]s = !m40 7#afjb-,,ps47 ,ras*]1 9 ?is lett]1 w5t on to ask ,himml] to put human subjects at 8 disposal & baldly /at$ t ! exp]im5ts might result 9 dea? to ! subjects b t ! te/s !ret(ore made ) monkeys _h n be5 satisfactory4 ,ras*]'s lett] 0 answ]$ by ,himml]'s adjutant1 ! def5dant1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 :o in=m$ ,ras*] t-- 899 99 99 ,prison]s w1 ( c\rse1 gladly be made available = ! high-flight rese>*es40 7#aehb-,,ps47 ,subsequ5tly ,ras*] wrote directly to ,rudolf ,br&t ask+ = p]mission to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp1 & he m5tion$ t ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce _h provid$ 8a movable pressure *amb]0 9 :i* ! exp]im5ts might be made4 ,plans = c>ry+ out ! exp]im5ts 7 develop$ at a conf]5ce late 9 #aida1 or e>ly 9 #aidb1 att5d$ by ,dr4 ,ras*] & by ! def5dants ,weltz1 ,romb]g1 & ,ruff1 all ( :om 7 memb]s ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce ,m$ical ,s]vice4 ,! te/s !mselves 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! spr+ & summ] ( #aidb1 us+ ! pressure *amb] :i* ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce _h provid$4 ,! victims 7 lock$ 9 ! l[-pressure *amb]1 :i* 0 an airtight ball-l comp>tm5t1 & !n ! pressure 9 ! *amb] 0 alt]$ to simulate ! atmosph]ic conditions prevail+ at extremely high altitudes4 ,! pressure 9 ! *amb] c\ld be v>i$ ) great rapidity1 :i* p]mitt$ ! def5dants to duplicate ! atmosph]ic conditions :i* an aviator might enc\nt] 9 fall+ great di/ances ?r\gh space )\t a p>a*ute & )\t oxyg54 ,! reports1 conclusions1 & comm5ts on ^! exp]im5ts1 :i* 7 introduc$ "h & c>efully record$1 demon/rate complete disreg>d = human life & call\sness to suff]+ & pa94 ,^! docum5ts reveal at "o & ! same "t ! m$ical results ( ! exp]im5ts1 & ! degradation ( ! physicians :o p]=m$ !m4 ,! fir/ report by ,ras*] 0 made 9 ,april #aidb1 & conta9s a description ( ! effect ( ! l[-pressure *amb] on a #cg-ye>-old ,jew4 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps47 ,i quote3 8,! ?ird exp]im5t ( ?is type took su* an extraord9>y c\rse t ,i call$ an ,,ss physician ( ! camp z witness1 s9ce ,i _h work$ on ^! exp]im5ts all by myself4 ,x 0 a cont9u\s exp]im5t )\t oxyg5 at a height ( #ab kilomet]s conduct$ on a #cg-ye>-old ,jew 9 good g5]al condition4 ,brea?+ cont9u$ up to #cj m9utes4 ,aft] #d m9utes ! exp]im5tal subject began to p]spire & wiggle 8 head1 aft] #e m9utes cramps occurr$1 betwe5 #f & #aj m9utes brea?+ increas$ 9 spe$ & ! exp]im5tal subject became unconsci\s2 f #aa to #cj m9utes brea?+ sl[$ d[n to ?ree brea?s p] m9ute1 f9ally /opp+ altoge!r4 8,sev]e/ cyanosis develop$ 9 betwe5 & foam appe>$ at ! m\?4 8,at #e m9ute int]vals electroc>diograms f ?ree leads 7 writt54 ,aft] brea?+ _h /opp$ ,ekg 7electroc>diogram7 0 cont9u\sly writt5 until ! action ( ! he>t _h come to a complete /&/ill4 ,ab\t h\r aft] brea?+ _h /opp$1 dissection 0 />t$40 ,ras*]'s report also conta9s ! foll[+ record ( ! 8autopsy03 8,:5 ! cavity ( ! *e/ 0 op5$ ! p]ic>dium 0 fill$ tightly 7he>t tamponade74 ,^u op5+ ( ! p]ic>dium1 #hj cc4 ( cle> yell[i% liquid gu%$ =?4 ,! mom5t ! tamponade _h /opp$1 ! "r auricle ( ! he>t began to beat heavily1 at fir/ at ! rate ( #fj actions p] m9ute1 !n progressively sl[]4 ,tw5ty m9utes aft] ! p]ic>dium _h be5 op5$1 ! "r auricle 0 op5$ by punctur+ x4 ,= ab\t #ae m9utes1 a ?9 /ream ( blood spurt$ =?4 ,!reaft]1 clogg+ ( ! puncture w\nd 9 ! auricle by coagulation ( ! blood & r5ew$ accel]ation ( ! action ( ! "r auricle occurr$4 8,"o h\r aft] brea?+ _h /opp$1 ! sp9al m>r[ 0 completely sev]$ & ! bra9 remov$4 ,!reupon1 ! action ( ! auricle ( ! he>t /opp$ = #dj seconds4 ,x !n r5ew$ its action1 com+ to a complete /&/ill #h m9utes lat]4 ,a heavy sub>a*noid o$ema 0 f\nd 9 ! bra94 ,9 ! ve9s & art]ies ( ! bra91 a consid]able quantity ( air 0 discov]$4 ,fur!rmore1 ! blood vessels 9 ! he>t & liv] 7 enorm\sly ob/ruct$ by embolism40 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps47 ,aft] see+ ?is report ,himml] ironically ord]$ t if a subject %\ld be br\ght back to life aft] endur+ su* an exp]im5t1 he %\ld be 8p>don$0 to life imprisonm5t 9 a conc5tration camp4 ,ras*]'s reply to ?is lett]1 dat$ #bj ,octob] #aidb1 reveals t up to ! "t ! victims ( ^! exp]im5ts _h all be5 ,poles & ,russians1 t "s ( !m _h be5 condemn$ to dea?1 & ,ras*] inquir$ :e!r ,himml]'s b5ign m]cy ext5d$ to ,poles & ,russians4 7#aiga-;,d-,,ps47 ,a teleptyp$ reply f ! def5dant1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 confirm$ ,ras*]'s belief t ,poles & ,russians 7 beyond ! pale & %\ld be giv5 no amne/y ( any k9d4 7#aiga-;,e-,,ps47 ,! utt] brutality ( ! crimes committ$ 9 conduct+ ?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts is reflect$ 9 all ! docum5ts4 ,a report writt5 9 ,may #aidb reflects t c]ta9 ( ^! te/s 7 c>ri$ out on p]sons describ$ !re9 z 8,jewi% pr(essional crim9als40 ,9 fact1 ^! ,jews _h be5 condemn$ = :at ! ,nazis call$ 8,rass5s*&e10 :i* lit]ally means 8racial %ame40 ,! crime consi/$ ( m>riage or int]c\rse betwe5 ,aryans & non-,aryans4 ,! murd] & torture ( ^! un=tunate ,jews is eloqu5tly reflect$ 9 ! foll[+ report3 8,"s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects di$ dur+ a cont9u$ high-altitude exp]im5t2 = in/ance1 aft] "o-half h\r at a height ( #ab kilomet]s4 ,aft] ! skull _h be5 op5$ "u wat]1 an ample am\nt ( air embolism 0 f\nd 9 ! bra9 vessels &1 9 "p1 free air 9 ! bra9 v5tricles4 8,9 ord] to f9d out :e!r ! sev]e psy*ic & physical effects1 z m5tion$ "u ,no4 #c1 are due to ! =mation ( embolism1 ! foll[+ 0 done3 ,aft] relative recup]ation f su* a p>a*ute desc5d+ te/ _h tak5 place1 h[ev] be=e rega9+ consci\sness1 "s exp]im5tal subjects 7 kept "u wat] until !y di$4 ,:5 ! skull & cavities ( ! brea/ & ( ! abdom5 7 op5$ "u wat]1 an enorm\s am\nt ( air embolism 0 f\nd 9 ! vessels ( ! bra91 ! coron>y vessels1 & ! vessels ( ! liv] & ! inte/9es40 7,,no-#bbj47 ,! victims :o did n die 9 ! c\rse ( su* exp]im5ts1 surely wi%$ t !y _h4 ,a long report writt5 9 ,july #aidb by ,ras*]1 & by ! def5dants ,ruff & ,romb]g1 describes an exp]im5t on a =m] delicatess5 cl]k1 :o 0 giv5 an oxyg5 mask & rais$ 9 ! *amb] to an atmosph]ic elevation ( ov] #dg1jjj feet1 at :i* po9t ! mask 0 remov$ & a p>a*ute desc5t 0 simulat$4 ,! report describes ! victim's reactions--8spasmodic convulsions10 8agonal convulsive brea?+10 8clonic convulsions1 groan+10 8yells al\d10 8convulses arms & legs10 8grimaces1 bites 8 tongue10 8does n respond to spee*10 8gives ! impression ( someone :o is completely out ( 8 m9d40 7,,no-#djb47 ,! evid5ce :i* we w produce w e/abli% t ! def5dants ,ruff & ,romb]g p]sonally p>ticipat$ ) ,ras*] 9 exp]im5ts result+ 9 dea? & torture2 t ! def5dant ,siev]s wat*$ ! exp]im5ts = an entire day & made an oral report to ,himml] on 8 obs]vations2 t ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t 0 ! ag5t ( ,himml] 9 provid+ ! human subjects = ^! exp]im5ts & 9 mak+ _m o!r facilities available to ,ras*] & r5d]+ him g5]al assi/ance2 & t ! def5dant ,weltz1 9 8 (ficial capacity1 repeat$ly insi/$ on sup]vision ov] & full responsibility & cr$it = ! exp]im5ts4 ,! high] au?orities ( bo? ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce & ! ,,ss 7 fully in=m$ conc]n+ :at 0 go+ on4 ,ext5sive correspond5ce w be introduc$1 = example1 conc]n+ ! availability ( ! l[-pressure *amb] :i* ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce furni%$ at ,da*au1 & conc]n+ ! availability ( ,ras*]1 :o 0 an (fic] 9 ! ,air ,=ce ,m$ical ,s]vice1 to conduct ! exp]im5ts4 ,k (1 p>ticipation 91 & responsibility = ^! atroci\s crimes on ! "p ( ! def5dants "h *>g$ w be cle>ly %[n by ! evid5ce4 ,b4 ,freez+ ,exp]im5ts ,! deep int]e/ ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce 9 capitaliz+ on ! availability ( inmates ( conc5tration camps = exp]im5tal purposes is ev5 m app>5t 9 ! case ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,^!1 too1 7 conduct$ at ,da*au4 ,!y began imm$iately aft] ! high-altitude exp]im5ts 7 complet$ & !y cont9u$ until ! spr+ ( #aidc4 ,"h aga91 ! def5dant ,weltz 0 directly 9 *>ge ( ! exp]im5ts1 ) ,ras*] z 8 assi/ant1 z is %[n 9 a lett] writt5 9 ,may #aidb by ,field ,m>%al ,erh>d ,mil*1 ! ,inspector ,g5]al ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce1 to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff1 "o ( ,he9ri* ,himml]'s pr9cipal subord9ates1 & ?is lett] specifically reque/$ t ! freez+ exp]im5ts be c>ri$ out at ,da*au "u ,weltz's sup]vision4 7#cdc-;,a-,,ps47 ,! purpose ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 to det]m9e ! mo/ effective way ( rew>m+ ,g]man aviators :o 7 =c$ to p>a*ute into ! ,nor? ,sea4 ,! evid5ce w %[ t 9 ! c\rse ( ^! exp]im5ts1 ! victims 7 =c$ to rema9 outdoors )\t clo?+ 9 freez+ wea!r f #i to #ad h\rs4 ,9 o!r cases1 !y 7 =c$ to rema9 9 a tank ( ic$ wat] = #c h\rs at a "t4 ,! wat] exp]im5ts are describ$ 9 a report by ,ras*] writt5 9 ,augu/ #aidb4 7#afah-,,ps47 ,i quote3 8,electrical measurem5ts gave l[ temp]ature read+s ( #bf4d 9 ! /oma* & #bf4e 9 ! rectum4 ,fatalities occurr$ only :5 ! bra9 /em & ! back ( ! head 7 also *ill$4 ,autopsies ( su* fatal cases always reveal$ l>ge am\nts ( free blood1 up to lit]1 9 ! cranial cavity4 ,! he>t inv>iably %[$ extreme dilation ( ! "r *amb]4 ,z soon z ! temp]ature 9 ^? exp]im5ts rea*$ #bh1 ! exp]im5tal subjects di$ inv>iably1 despite all attempts at resuscitation40 ,o!r docum5ts set =? t f "t to "t ! temp]ature ( ! wat] w\ld be l[]$ by #aj ,c5tigrade & a qu>t ( blood w\ld be tak5 f an art]y 9 ! subject's ?roat = analysis4 ,! organs ( ! victims :o di$ 7 extract$ & s5t to ! ,pa?ological ,in/itute at ,muni*4 ,rew>m+ ( ! subjects 0 attempt$ by v>i\s means1 mo/ commonly & successfully 9 a v hot ba?4 ,9 ,septemb]1 ,himml] p]sonally ord]$ t rew>m+ by ! w>m? ( human bodies also be attempt$1 & ! inhuman villa9s :o conduct$ ^! exp]im5ts promptly produc$ f\r gypsy wom5 f ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp4 ,:5 ! wom5 _h arriv$1 rew>m+ 0 attempt$ by plac+ ! *ill$ victim betwe5 two nak$ wom54 ,a volum9\s report on ! freez+ exp]im5ts conduct$ 9 tanks ( ice wat]1 writt5 9 ,octob] #aidb1 conta9s ! foll[+ 7,,no-#dbh73 8,if ! exp]im5tal subject 7 plac$ 9 ! wat] "u n>cosis1 "o obs]v$ a c]ta9 ar\s+ effect4 ,! subject began to groan & made "s def5sive movem5ts4 ,9 a few cases1 a /ate ( excitation develop$4 ,?is 0 especially sev]e 9 ! cool+ ( ! head & neck4 ,b nev] 0 a complete cessation ( ! n>cosis obs]v$4 ,! def5sive movem5ts ceas$ aft] ab\t #e m9utes4 ,!re foll[$ a progressive rigor1 :i* develop$ especially /rongly 9 ! arm musculature2 ! arms 7 /rongly flex$ & press$ to ! body4 ,! rigor increas$ ) ! cont9uation ( ! cool+1 n[ & !n int]rupt$ by tonic-clonic twit*+4 ,) /ill m m>k$ s9k+ ( ! body temp]ature1 x sudd5ly ceas$4 ,^! cases end$ fatally1 )\t any successful results f resuscitation ef=ts4 99 99 99 99 99 8,exp]im5ts )\t n>cosis %[$ no ess5tial diff]5ces 9 ! c\rse ( cool+4 ,^u entry into ! wat]1 a sev]e cold %udd]+ appe>$4 ,! cool+ ( ! neck & back ( ! head 0 felt z especially pa9ful1 b already aft] #e to #aj m9utes1 a significant weak5+ ( ! pa9 s5sation 0 obs]vable4 ,rigor develop$ aft] ?is "t 9 ! same mann] z "u n>cosis1 likewise ! tonic-clonic twit*+s4 ,at ?is po9t1 spee* became difficult because ! rigor also affect$ ! spee* musculature4 8,simultane\sly ) ! rigor1 a sev]e difficulty 9 brea?+ set 9 ) or )\t n>cosis4 ,x 0 report$ t1 s to speak1 an iron r+ 0 plac$ ab\t ! *e/4 ,objectively1 already at ! beg9n+ ( ?is brea?+ difficulty1 a m>k$ dilatation ( ! no/rils occurr$4 ,! expiration 0 prolong$ & visibly difficult4 ,?is difficulty pass$ ov] into a rattl+ & snor+ brea?+4 99 99 990 ,emphasis n %[n4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ( #aidb & #aidc1 exp]im5ts ) 8dry0 cold 7 conduct$4 ,& ,ras*] report$ on ^! 9 ano!r lett] to ,himml] 7#afaf-,,ps73 8,up to n[1 ,i h cool$ (f ab\t #cj p /ripp$ 9 ! op5 air dur+ n9e to f\rte5 h\rs at #bg to #bi4 ,aft] a "t1 correspond+ to a trip ( #a h\r1 ,i put ^! subjects 9 a hot ba?4 ,up to n[1 e s+le pati5t 0 completely w>m$ up )9 #a h\r at mo/1 al?\gh "s ( !m _h _! h&s & feet froz5 :ite40 ,! responsibility among ! def5dants = ! freez+ exp]im5ts is sub/antially ! same z = ! high-altitude te/s4 ,! results 71 if any?+1 ev] m widely kn[n 9 ,g]man m$ical circles4 ,9 ,octob] #aidb1 a m$ical conf]5ce took place "h 9 ,nu]nb]g at ! ,deuts*] ,h( ,hotel1 at :i* "o ( ! au?ors ( ! report f :i* ,i h j quot$ spoke on ! subject 8,prev5tion & ,treatm5t ( ,freez+01 & ! def5dant ,weltz spoke on ! subject 8,w>m+ up aft] ,freez+ to ! ,dang] ,po9t40 ,num]\s docum5ts :i* we w introduce %[ ! widespread responsibility among ! def5dants1 & 9 ! highe/ qu>t]s ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce1 = ^! sick5+ crimes4 ,c4 ,mal>ia ,exp]im5ts ,ano!r s]ies ( exp]im5ts c>ri$ out at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp conc]n$ immunization = & treatm5t ( mal>ia4 ,ov] #a1bjj inmates ( practically e nationality 7 exp]im5t$ ^u4 ,_m p]sons :o p>ticipat$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts h already be5 tri$ be=e a g5]al milit>y c\rt held at ,da*au1 & ! f9d+s ( t c\rt w be laid be=e ?is ,tribunal4 ,! mal>ia exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out "u ! g5]al sup]vision ( a ,dr4 ,s*ill+1 ) :om ! def5dant ,siev]s & o!rs 9 ! box collaborat$4 ,! evid5ce w %[ t heal?y p]sons 7 infect$ by mosquitoes or by injections f ! gl&s ( mosquitoes4 ,ca?olic prie/s 7 among ! subjects4 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt kept ,himml] in=m$ ( ! progress ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,rose furni%$ ,s*ill+ ) fly eggs = !m1 & o!rs ( ! def5dants p>ticipat$ 9 v>i\s ways :i* ! evid5ce w demon/rate4 ,aft] ! victims _h be5 infect$1 !y 7 v>i\sly treat$ ) qu99e1 neosalv>san1 pyramidon1 antipyr91 & sev]al comb9ations ( ^! drugs4 ,_m dea?s occurr$ f excessive doses ( neosalv>san & pyramidon4 ,accord+ to ! f9d+s ( ! ,da*au c\rt1 mal>ia 0 ! direct cause ( #cj dea?s & #cjj to #djj o!rs di$ z ! result ( subsequ5t complications4 ,d4 ,mu/>d ,gas ,exp]im5ts ,! exp]im5ts conc]n+ mu/>d gas 7 conduct$ at ,sa*s5haus51 ,natzweil]1 & o!r conc5tration camps & ext5d$ ov] ! entire p]iod ( ! w>4 ,w\nds 7 delib]ately inflict$ on ! victims1 & ! w\nds 7 !n infect$ ) mu/>d gas4 ,o!r subjects 7 =c$ to inhale ! gas1 or to take x int]nally 9 liquid =m1 & /ill o!rs 7 inject$ ) ! gas4 ,a report on ^! exp]im5ts writt5 at ! end ( #aici describ$ c]ta9 cases 9 :i* w\nds 7 inflict$ on bo? arms ( ! human gu9ea pigs & !n infect$1 & ! report /ates3 8,! arms 9 mo/ ( ! cases are badly swoll5 & pa9s are enorm\s40 ,! alleg$ purpose ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 to discov] an effective treatm5t = ! burns caus$ by mu/>d gas4 ,9 #aidd ! exp]im5ts 7 coord9at$ ) a g5]al program = rese>* into gas w>f>e4 ,a decree issu$ by ,hitl] 9 ,m>* #aidd ord]$ ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t to pu% m$ical rese>* 9 connection ) gas w>f>e4 ,! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t s5t copies ( ?is decree to ! def5dant ,siev]s1 to ,grawitz1 & o!rs1 & transmitt$ ,hitl]'s reque/ t !y conf] soon ) ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t 8on acc\nt ( ! urg5cy ( ! ord] giv5 him by ! ,fuehr]40 ,subsequ5tly1 ,siev]s1 :o 0 ?or\ghly famili> ) ! mu/>d gas exp]im5ts be+ c>ri$ on 9 ! conc5tration camps1 report$ ! details ( ^! exp]im5ts to ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 ,e4 & ,f4 ,rav5sbrueck ,exp]im5ts ,conc]n+ ,sulfanilamide & ,o!r ,drugs2 ,bone1 ,muscle1 & ,n]ve ,reg5]ation & ,bone ,transplantation ,! exp]im5ts conduct$ pr9cipally on ! female inmates ( ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp 7 p]haps ! mo/ b>b>ic ( all4 ,^! conc]n$ bone1 muscle1 & n]ve reg5]ation & bone transplantation1 & exp]im5ts ) sulfanilamide & o!r drugs4 ,!y 7 c>ri$ out by ! def5dants ,fis*] & ,ob]heus] "u ! direction ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,9 "o set ( exp]im5ts1 incisions 7 made on ! legs ( sev]al ( ! camp inmates = ! purpose ( simulat+ battle-caus$ infections4 ,a bact]ial culture1 or fragm5ts ( wood %av+s1 or t9y pieces ( glass 7 =c$ into ! w\nd4 ,aft] sev]al days1 ! w\nds 7 treat$ ) sulfanilamide4 ,grawitz1 ! head ( ! ,,ss ,m$ical ,s]vice1 visit$ ,rav5sbrueck & receiv$ a report on ^! exp]im5ts directly f ! def5dant ,fis*]4 ,grawitz !reupon direct$ t ! w\nds inflict$ on ! subjects %\ld be ev5 m sev]e s t conditions simil> to ^? prevail+ at ! front l9es w\ld be m completely simulat$4 ,bullet w\nds 7 simulat$ on ! subjects by ty+ (f ! blood vessels at bo? ends ( ! incision4 ,a gangr5e-produc+ culture 0 !n plac$ 9 ! w\nds4 ,sev]e infection result$ )9 #bd h\rs4 ,op]ations 7 !n p]=m$ on ! infect$ areas & ! w\nds 7 treat$ ) sulfanilamide4 ,9 ea* ( ! _m sulfanilamide exp]im5ts1 "s ( ! subjects 7 w\nd$ & infect$ b 7 n giv5 sulfanilamide1 s z to comp>e _! reactions ) ^? :o receiv$ treatm5t4 ,bone transplantation f "o p]son to ano!r & ! reg5]ation ( n]ves1 muscles1 & bones 7 also tri$ out on ! wom5 at ,rav5sbrueck4 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt p]sonally ord]$ t bone transplantation exp]im5ts be c>ri$ out1 & 9 "o case ! scapula ( an inmate at ,rav5sbrueck 0 remov$ & tak5 to ,hoh5ly*5 ,hospital & !re transplant$4 ,we w %[ t ! def5dants did n ev5 h any sub/antial sci5tific objective4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 s5seless1 sadi/ic1 & utt]ly savage4 ,! def5dant ,ob]heus]'s duties at ,rav5sbrueck 9 connection ) ! exp]im5ts 7 to select "y & heal?y inmates = ! exp]im5ts1 to be pres5t at all ( ! surgical op]ations1 & to give ! exp]im5tal subjects po/-op]ative c>e4 ,we w %[ t ?is c>e consi/$ *iefly ( utt] neglect ( nurs+ requirem5ts1 & cruel & abusive treatm5t ( ! mis]able victims4 ,o!r exp]im5ts 9 ?is category 7 conduct$ at ,da*au to discov] a me?od ( br++ ab\t coagulation ( ! blood4 ,conc5tration camp inmates 7 actually fir$ ^u1 or 7 injur$ 9 "s o!r fa%ion 9 ord] to cause some?+ simil> to a battlefield w\nd4 ,^! w\nds 7 !n treat$ ) a drug kn[n z polygal 9 ord] to te/ its capacity to coagulate ! blood4 ,sev]al inmates 7 kill$4 ,sulfanilamide 0 also adm9i/]$ to "s & )held f o!r inmates :o _h be5 infect$ ) ! pus f a phlegmon-diseas$ p]son4 ,blood poison+ g5]ally ensu$4 ,aft] infection1 ! victims 7 left untreat$ = #c or #d days1 aft] :i* v>i\s drugs 7 adm9i/]$ exp]im5tally or exp]im5tal surgical op]ations 7 p]=m$4 ,poli% ,ca?olic prie/s 7 us$ = ^! te/s4 ,_m di$ & o!rs became invalids4 ,z a result ( all ( ^! s5seless & b>b>ic exp]im5ts1 ! def5dants are responsible = manifold murd]s & untold cruelty & torture4 ,g4 ,sea-,wat] ,exp]im5ts ,= ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts we return to ,da*au4 ,!y 7 conduct$ 9 #aidd at ! behe/ ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce & ! ,g]man ,navy 9 ord] to develop a me?od ( r5d]+ sea-wat] dr9kable4 ,meet+s to discuss ?is problem 7 held 9 ,may #aidd1 att5d$ by repres5tatives ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ! ,navy1 & ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b54 ,! def5dants ,beck]-,freys5g & ,s*aef] 7 among ! p>ticipants4 ,x 0 agre$ to conduct a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 :i* ! subjects1 f$ only ) %ipwreck em]g5cy rations1 w\ld be divid$ into f\r gr\ps4 ,"o gr\p w\ld receive no wat] at all2 ! second w\ld dr9k ord9>y sea-wat]2 ! ?ird w\ld dr9k sea-wat] process$ by ! s-call$ 8,b]ka0 me?od1 :i* conceal$ ! ta/e b did n alt] ! sal9e cont5t2 ! f\r? w\ld dr9k sea-wat] treat$ s z to remove ! salt4 ,s9ce x 0 expect$ t ! subjects w\ld die1 or at lea/ suff] sev]e impairm5t ( heal?1 x 0 decid$ at ! meet+ 9 ,may #aidd t only p]sons furni%$ by ,himml] c\ld be us$4 ,!reaft] 9 ,june #aidd ! def5dant ,s*ro$] set ! program 9 motion by writ+ to ,himml]1 & ,i quote f 8 lett] 7,,no-#ahe73 8,e>li] y made x possible = ! ,luftwaffe to settle urg5t m$ical matt]s ?r\gh exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,today ,i aga9 /& be=e a decision :i*1 aft] num]\s exp]im5ts on animals & also on volunt>y human subjects1 dem&s f9al solution3 ,! ,luftwaffe has simultane\sly develop$ two me?ods = mak+ sea-wat] dr9kable4 ,! "o me?od1 develop$ by a m$ical (fic]1 removes ! salt f ! sea-wat] & trans=ms x into real dr9k+ wat]2 ! second me?od1 sugge/$ by an eng9e]1 only removes ! unpleasant ta/e f ! sea-wat]4 ,! latt] me?od1 9 contra/ to ! fir/1 requires no critical raw mat]ial4 ,f ! m$ical po9t ( view ?is me?od mu/ be view$ critically1 z ! adm9i/ration ( conc5trat$ salt solutions c produce sev]e symptoms ( poison+4 8,z ! exp]im5ts on human be+s c\ld ?us f> only be c>ri$ out = a p]iod ( #d days1 & z practical dem&s require a rem$y = ^? :o are 9 di/ress at sea up to #ab days1 appropriate exp]im5ts are necess>y4 8,requir$ are #dj heal?y te/ subjects1 :o mu/ be available = #d :ole weeks4 ,z x is kn[n f previ\s exp]im5ts t necess>y laboratories exi/ 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp1 ?is camp w\ld be v suitable4 99 99 99 99 99 8,due to ! enorm\s importance :i* a solution ( ?is "q has = soldi]s ( ! ,luftwaffe & ,navy :o h become %ipwreck$1 ,i w\ld be greatly oblig$ to y1 my de> ,rei* ,m9i/]1 if y w\ld decide to comply ) my reque/40 ,himml] pass$ ?is lett] to ,grawitz :o consult$ ,gebh>dt & o!r ,,ss (ficials4 ,a typical & nauseat+ ,nazi discussion ( racial que/ions ensu$4 ,"o ,,ss man sugge/$ us+ qu>ant9$ prison]s & ,jews2 ano!r sugge/$ gypsies4 ,grawitz d\bt$ t exp]im5ts on gypsies w\ld yield results :i* 7 sci5tifically applicable to ,g]mans4 ,himml] f9ally direct$ t gypsies be us$ ) ?ree o!rs z a *eck4 ,! te/s 7 actually begun 9 ,july #aidd4 ,! def5dant ,beiglboeck sup]vis$ ! exp]im5ts1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! gypsy subjects und]w5t t]rible suff]+1 became deliri\s or develop$ convulsions1 & "s di$4 ,h4 ,epidemic ,jaundice ,! epidemic jaundice exp]im5ts1 :i* took place at ,sa*s5haus5 & ,natzweil] conc5tration camps1 7 in/igat$ by ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 ,a lett] writt5 9 #aidc by ,grawitz /resses ! enorm\s milit>y importance ( develop+ an inoculation aga9/ epidemic jaundice1 :i* _h spread ext5sively 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss & ! ,g]man ,army1 p>ticul>ly 9 s\!rn ,russia4 ,9 "s companies1 up to #fj p]c5t casualties f epidemic jaundice _h occurr$4 ,grawitz fur!r in=m$ ,himml] t1 & ,i quote3 8,! ,g5]al ,commission] ( ! ,fuehr]1 ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t1 has approa*$ me ) ! reque/ to help him obta9 prison]s to be us$ 9 connection ) 8 rese>* on ! causes ( ,epidemic ,jaundice :i* has be5 fur!r$ to a l>ge degree by 8 ef=ts4 99 99 99 ,9 ord] to enl>ge our k1 s f> bas$ only on inoculation ( animals ) g]ms tak5 f human be+s1 x w\ld n be necess>y to rev]se ! proc$ure & inoculate human be+s ) g]ms cultivat$ 9 animals4 ,casualties 7,todesfaelle7 mu/ be anticipat$40 ,grawitz also _h be5 do+ rese>*3 on ?is problem ) ! assi/ance ( a ,dr4 ,dohm51 a m$ical (fic] atta*$ to ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 ,himml] made ! foll[+ reply to ! ,grawitz lett] 7,,no-#jaa73 8,i approve t eight crim9als condemn$ 9 ,aus*witz 7eight ,jews ( ! ,poli% ,resi/ance ,movem5t condemn$ to dea?7 %\ld be us$ = ^! exp]im5ts40 ,o!r evid5ce w indicate t ! scope ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 subsequ5tly enl>g$ & t murd]1 torture1 & dea? result$ f !m4 ,i4 ,/]ilization ,exp]im5ts ,9 ! /]ilization exp]im5ts conduct$ by ! def5dants at ,aus*witz1 ,rav5sbrueck1 & o!r conc5tration camps1 ! de/ructive nature ( ! ,nazi m$ical program comes out mo/ =cibly4 ,! ,nazis 7 se>*+ = me?ods ( ext]m9ation1 bo? by murd] & /]ilization1 ( l>ge population gr\ps1 by ! mo/ sci5tific & lea/ conspicu\s means4 ,!y 7 develop+ a new bran* ( m$ical sci5ce :i* w\ld give !m ! sci5tific tools = ! plann+ & practice ( g5ocide4 ,! prim>y purpose 0 to discov] an inexp5sive1 unobtrusive1 & rapid me?od ( /]ilization :i* c\ld be us$ to wipe out ,russians1 ,poles1 ,jews1 & o!r p4 ,surgical /]ilization 0 ?\ght to be too sl[ & exp5sive to be us$ on a mass scale4 ,a me?od to br+ ab\t an unnotic$ /]ilization 0 ?\ght desirable4 ,m$ic9al /]ilizations 7 !re=e c>ri$ out4 ,a ,dr4 ,madaus _h /at$ t caladium segu9um1 a drug obta9$ f a ,nor? ,am]ican plant1 if tak5 orally or by injection1 w\ld br+ ab\t /]ilization4 ,9 #aida ! def5dant ,pokorny call$ ?is to ,himml]'s att5tion1 & sugge/$ t x %\ld be develop$ & us$ aga9/ ,russian prison]s ( w>4 ,i quote "o p>agraph f ,pokorny's lett] writt5 at t "t 7,,no-#jce73 8,if1 on ! basis ( ?is rese>*1 x 7 possible to produce a drug :i* aft] a relatively %ort "t1 effects an imp]ceptible /]ilization on human be+s1 !n we w\ld h a p[]ful new weapon at our disposal4 ,! ?\ght alone t ! #c million ,bol%eviks1 :o are at pres5t ,g]man prison]s1 c\ld be /]iliz$ s t !y c\ld be us$ z labor]s b be prev5t$ f reproduction1 op5s ! mo/ f>-rea*+ p]spectives40 ,z a result ( ,pokorny's sugge/ion1 exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ on conc5tration camp inmates to te/ ! effectiv5ess ( ! drug4 ,at ! same "t ef=ts 7 made to gr[ ! plant on a l>ge scale 9 ho?\ses4 ,at ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp /]ilization exp]im5ts 7 also conduct$ on a l>ge scale by a ,dr4 ,k>l ,claub]g1 :o _h develop$ a me?od ( /]iliz+ wom51 bas$ on ! injection ( an irritat+ solution4 ,sev]al ?\s& ,jewesses & gypsies 7 /]iliz$ at ,aus*witz by ?is me?od4 ,conv]sely1 surgical op]ations 7 p]=m$ on sexually abnormal inmates at ,bu*5wald 9 ord] to det]m9e :e!r _! virility c\ld be increas$ by ! transplantation ( gl&s4 ,out ( #ad subjects ( ^! exp]im5ts1 at lea/ #b di$4 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt also p]sonally conduct$ /]ilizations at ,rav5sbrueck by surgical op]ation4 ,! def5dant ,viktor ,brack1 9 ,m>* #aida1 submitt$ to ,himml] a report on ! progress & /ate ( ,x-ray /]ilization exp]im5ts4 ,brack expla9$ t x _h be5 det]m9$ t /]ilization ) p[]ful ,x-rays c\ld be accompli%$ & t ca/ration w\ld !n result4 ,! dang] ( ?is ,x-ray me?od lay 9 ! fact t o!r p>ts ( ! body1 if !y 7 n protect$ ) lead1 7 also s]i\sly affect$4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! victims f realiz+ t !y 7 be+ ca/rat$1 ,brack made ! foll[+ fanta/ic sugge/ion 9 8 lett] writt5 9 #aida to ,himml]1 f :i* ,i quote 7,,no-#bjc73 8,"o way to c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts 9 practice w\ld be to h ^? p :o are to be treat$ l9e up be=e a c\nt]4 ,!re !y w\ld be que/ion$ & a =m w\ld be giv5 !m to be fill$ out1 ! :ole process tak+ #b or #c m9utes4 ,! (ficial att5dant :o sits beh9d ! c\nt] c op]ate ! app>atus 9 su* a mann] t he works a swit* :i* w />t bo? tubes toge!r 7z ! rays h to come f bo? sides74 ,) "o su* in/allation ) two tubes ab\t #aej to #bjj p]sons c\ld be /]iliz$ daily1 :ile #bj in/allations w\ld take c>e ( #c1jjj to #d1jjj p]sons daily4 ,9 my op9ion ! numb] ( daily deportations w n exce$ ?is figure40 ,9 ?is same report ! def5dant ,brack relat$ t1 & ,i quote 7,,no-#bjc73 899 99 99 ! late/ ,x-ray te*nique & rese>* make x easily possible to c>ry out mass /]ilization by means ( ,x-rays4 ,h[ev]1 x appe>s to be impossible to take ^! measures )\t hav+ ^? :o 7 s treat$ f9d+ out soon] or lat] t !y def9itely _h be5 ei!r /]iliz$ or _h be5 ca/rat$ by ,x-rays40 ,ano!r lett] f ,brack to ,himml]1 9 ,june #aidb1 laid ! basis = ,x-ray exp]im5ts :i* 7 subsequ5tly c>ri$ out at ,aus*witz4 ,! second p>agraph ( ?is lett] =ms a fitt+ conclusion to ?is acc\nt ( ,nazi depravity1 & ,i quote 7,,no-#bje73 8,among #aj millions ( ,jews 9 ,europe !re are1 ,i figure1 at lea/ #b to #c millions ( m5 & wom5 :o are fit en\gh to "w4 ,consid]+ ! extraord9>y difficulties ! labor problem pres5ts u )1 ,i hold ! view t ^! #b to #c millions %\ld be specially select$ & pres]v$4 ,?is c1 h[ev]1 only be done if at ! same "t !y are r5d]$ incapable to propagate4 ,ab\t a ye> ago ,i report$ to y t ag5ts ( m9e h complet$ ! exp]im5ts necess>y = ?is purpose4 ,i w\ld l to recall ^! facts once m4 ,/]ilization1 z normally p]=m$ on p]sons ) h]$it>y diseases1 is "h out ( ! "q because x takes too long & is too exp5sive4 ,ca/ration by ,x-rays1 h[ev]1 is n only relatively *eap b c also be p]=m$ on _m ?\s&s 9 ! %orte/ "t4 ,i ?9k t at ?is "t x is already irrelevant :e!r ! p 9 "q become aw>e ( hav+ be5 ca/rat$ aft] "s weeks or mon?s1 once !y feel ! effects40 ,j4 ,typhus 7,fleckfieb]7 & ,relat$ ,exp]im5ts ,f ,decemb] #aida1 until ne> ! end ( ! w>1 a l>ge program ( m$ical exp]im5tation 0 c>ri$ out ^u conc5tration camp inmates at ,bu*5wald & ,natzweil] to inve/igate ! value ( v>i\s vacc9es4 ,?is rese>* involv$ a v>iety ( diseases--typhus1 yell[ fev]1 smallpox1 p>atyphoid ,a & ,b1 *ol]a1 & diph!ria4 ,a doz5 or m ( ! def5dants 7 involv$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts :i* 7 *>act]iz$ by ! mo/ cynical disreg>d ( human life4 ,hundr$s ( p]sons di$4 ,! exp]im5ts conc]n+ typhus--kn[n 9 ,g]many z ,fleckfieb] or 8spot fev]01 b is n to be confus$ ) ,am]ican spott$ fev]--7 p>ticul>ly appall+4 ,! typhus exp]im5ts at ,natzweil] 7 conduct$ by ,dr4 ,eug5 ,haag51 an (fic] 9 ! ,air ,=ce ,m$ical ,s]vice & a pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg4 ,9 ! fall ( #aidc1 ?r\gh ! def5dant ,siev]s1 ,haag5 obta9$ #ajj conc5tration camp prison]s = exp]im5ts ) typhus vacc9es4 ,two hundr$ m prison]s 7 furni%$ 9 ! summ] ( #aidd4 ,^! exp]im5ts caus$ _m fatalities among ! prison]s4 ,! g5]al patt]n ( ^! typhus exp]im5ts 0 z foll[s4 ,a gr\p ( conc5tration camp inmates1 select$ f ! heal?i] ones :o _h "s resi/ance to disease1 7 inject$ ) an anti-typhus vacc9e1 ! efficacy ( :i* 0 to be te/$4 ,!reaft]1 all ! p]sons 9 ! gr\p w\ld be infect$ ) typhus4 ,at ! same "t1 o!r inmates :o _h n be5 vacc9at$ 7 also infect$ = purposes ( comp>ison--^! unvacc9at$ victims 7 call$ ! 8control0 gr\p4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ wick$ & murd]\s circum/ance 9 ?is :ole case is t /ill o!r inmates 7 delib]ately infect$ ) typhus ) ! sole purpose ( keep+ ! typhus virus alive & g5]ally available 9 ! blood/ream ( ! inmates4 ,! typhus murd]s at ,bu*5wald 7 c>ri$ out 9 #aidb & #aidc "u ! direction ( ! def5dants ,g5zk5 & ,mrug[sky4 ,reque/s = ! human gu9ea pigs 7 turn$ ov] to1 & fill$ by1 ! def5dant ,hov54 ,! bulk ( ! actual "w 0 done by an infam\s physician kn[n z ,dr4 ,d+1 :o committ$ suicide aft] ! w>4 ,b ,dr4 ,d+'s pr(essional di>y has surviv$4 ,! fir/ entry 9 ,d+'s di>y1 = #bi ,decemb] #aida1 reveals t "h aga9 ! impetus = ^! murd]\s rese>*es came f ! ,wehrma*t4 ,?is entry describes a conf]5ce sponsor$ by ! def5dant ,h&los] & ,dr4 ,conti1 respective heads ( ! milit>y & civilian m$ical s]vices ( ! ,rei*1 :i* 0 also att5d$ by ! def5dant ,mrug[sky4 ,typhus _h be5 mak+ s]i\s inroads on ! ,g]man troops fight+ 9 ,russia4 ,! acc\nt ( ?is conf]5ce relates t1 & ,i quote 7,,no-#bfe73 8,s9ce te/s on animals are n ( suffici5t value1 te/s on human be+s mu/ be c>ri$ out40 ,o!r entries 9 ! ,d+ di>y quot$ bel[ are typical ( ^? made ov] a p]iod ( #c ye>s1 & give "s idea ( ! mortality among ! victims4 7,,no-#bfe47 8#aj ,jan #db3 ,prelim9>y te/ ,b3 ,prelim9>y te/ to e/abli% a sure means ( infection3 ,mu* z 9 smallpox vacc9ation1 #e p]sons 7 infect$ ) virus ?r\gh #b sup]ficial & #b deep] cuts 9 ! upp] arm4 ,all ( ! humans us$ = ?is te/ fell ill ) true typhus4 ,incubation p]iod up to #f days4 8#bj ,feb #db3 ,*>t ( ! case hi/ory ( ! prelim9>y te/s to e/abli% a sure means ( infection 7 s5t to ,b]l94 ,"o dea? out ( five sick4 8#ag ,m> #db3 ,visit ( ,pr(4 ,gildemei/] & ,pr(4 ,rose 7dep>tm5t head = tropical m$ic9e ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute7 at ! exp]im5tal /ation4 ,all p]sons exp]im5t$ on fell sick ) typhus1 except two1 :o1 ! fact 0 e/abli%$ lat]1 already _h be5 sick ) typhus dur+ an epidemic at ! police prison 9 ,b]l94 8#i ,jan #dc3 ,by ord] ( ! surgeon g5]al ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] & ,major ,g5]al ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,dr4 ,g5zk51 ! hi!rto exi/+ typhus rese>* /ation at ! conc5tration camp ,bu*5wald becomes ! #8,dep>tm5t = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*'4 ,! head ( ! dep>tm5t w be ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+4 ,dur+ 8 abs5ce1 ! /ation m$ical (fic] ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,weim>1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,hov5 w sup]vise ! production ( vacc9es4 8#ac & #ad ,apr #dc3 ,unit ( ,,ss ,/urmbannfeuhr] ,dr4 ,d+ ord]$ to ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b59du/rie ,a4 ,g41 ,hoe*/4 ,conf]5ce ) ,pr(4 ,laut5s*laeg]1 ,dr4 ,web] & ,dr4 ,fussga5g] ab\t ! exp]im5tal s]ies #8,acrid9e ,granulate & ,rut5ol' 9 ! conc5tration camp ,bu*5wald4 ,visit to ,geheimrat ,otto & ,pr(4 ,prigge 9 ! in/itute = exp]im5tal !rapeutics 9 ,frankfurt-on-,ma94 8#bd ,apr #aidc3 ,!rapeutic exp]im5ts ,acrid9e ,granulate 7,a-,,gr#b7 & ,rut5ol 7,r-#b7 to c>ry out ! !rapeutic exp]im5ts ,acrid9e ,granulate & ,rut5ol1 #cj p]sons 7#ae ea*7 & #i p]sons = control 7 infect$ by intrav5\s injection ( #b cc4 ea* ( fre% blood ( a typhus sick p]son4 ,all exp]im5tal p]sons got v s]i\s typhus4 8#a ,jun #aidc3 ,*>ts ( case hi/ory complet$4 ,! exp]im5tal s]ies 0 conclud$ ) #ba dea?s2 ( ^!1 #h 7 9 ,bu*5wald1 #h ) ,rut5ol & #e control4 8#g ,sep #aidc3 ,*>t & case hi/ory complet$4 ,! exp]im5tal s]ies 0 conclud$ ) #ec dea?s4 8#h ,m>-#ah ,m> #aidd3 ,x is sugge/$ by ,colonel ( ?is air corps1 ,pr(4 ,rose1 ! vacc9e #8,kop5hag5'1 produc$ f m\se liv] by ! ,national ,s]um ,in/itute 9 ,kop5hag51 be te/$ = its compatibility on humans4 ,tw5ty p]sons 7 vacc9at$ = immunization by intramuscul> injection4 99 99 99 ,t5 p]sons 7 contemplat$ = control & comp>ison4 8#af ,apr #aidd3 ,! rema9+ exp]im5tal p]sons 7 infect$ on #af ,april by subcutane\s injection ( #a_/bj cc4 typhus sick fre% blood4 ,! foll[+ feel sick3 #ag p]sons immuniz$3 #i m$ium1 #h s]i\sly4 ,n9e p]sons f ! control3 #b m$ium1 #g s]i\sly4 8#ac ,jun #aidd3 ,*>t & case hi/ory complet$ & s5t to ,b]l94 ,six dea?s 7#c #8,kop5hag5'7 7#c control74 8#d ,nov #aidd3 ,*>t & case hi/ory complet$4 ,tw5ty-f\r dea?s40 ,copies ( ea* ( ,dr4 ,d+'s (ficial reports w5t to ! def5dants ,mrug[sky & ,popp5dick z well z to ! ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b5 laboratories at ,hoe*/4 ,n[h]e w ! evid5ce 9 ?is case reveal a m wick$ & murd]\s c\rse ( conduct by m5 :o claim$ to practice ! heal+ art ?an 9 ! entries ( ,dr4 ,d+'s di>y relat+ to ! typhus exp]im5ts4 ,k4 ,poison ,exp]im5ts ,"h aga9 ! def5dants 7 /udy+ h[ to kill1 & ! sc5e is ,bu*5wald4 ,poisons 7 adm9i/]$ to ,russian prison]s ( w> 9 _! food1 & ,g]man doctors /ood beh9d a curta9 to wat* ! reactions ( ! prison]s4 ,"s ( ! ,russians di$ imm$iately1 & ! survivors 7 kill$ 9 ord] to p]mit autopsies4 ,! def5dant ,mrug[sky1 9 a lett] writt5 9 ,septemb] #aidd1 has provid$ u ) a record ( ano!r exp]im5t 9 :i* ! victims 7 %ot ) poison$ bullets1 & ,i quote 7,,no-#bja73 8,9 ! pres5ce ( ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+1 ,dr4 ,widmann & ! und]sign$1 exp]im5ts ) aconit9 nitrate projectiles 7 conduct$ on #aa ,septemb] #aidd on #e p]sons :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,! projectiles 9 "q 7 ( a #g4fe mm4 calib]1 fill$ ) cry/alliz$ poison4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects1 9 a ly+ position1 7 ea* %ot 9 ! upp] "p ( ! left ?igh4 ,! ?ighs ( two ( !m 7 cleanly %ot ?r\gh4 ,aft]w>ds1 no effect ( ! poison 0 to be obs]v$4 ,^! two exp]im5tal subjects 7 !re=e exempt$4 99 99 99 99 99 8,dur+ ! fir/ h\r ( ! exp]im5t ! pupils did n %[ any *anges4 ,aft] #gh m9utes ! pupils ( all ?ree %[$ a m$ium dilation1 toge!r ) a ret>d$ light reaction4 ,simultane\sly1 maximum respiration ) heavy brea?+ inhalations set 94 ,?is subsid$ aft] a few m9utes4 ,! pupils contract$ aga9 & _! reaction improv$4 ,aft] #fe m9utes ! patell> & a*illes t5don reflexes ( ! poison$ subjects 7 negative4 ,! abdom9al reflexes ( two ( !m 7 also negative4 ,aft] approximately #ij m9utes1 "o ( ! subjects aga9 />t$ brea?+ heavily2 ?is 0 accompani$ by an increas+ motor unre/4 ,!n ! heavy brea?+ *ang$ into a flat1 accel]at$ respiration1 accompani$ by extreme nausea4 ,"o ( ! poison$ p]sons tri$ 9 va9 to vomit4 ,to d s he introduc$ f\r f+]s ( 8 h& up to ! knuckles into 8 ?roat1 b nev]!less c\ld n vomit4 ,8 face 0 flu%$4 8,! o!r two exp]im5tal subjects _h already e>ly %[n a pale face4 ,! o!r symptoms 7 ! same4 ,! motor unre/ increas$ s mu* t ! p]sons flung !mselves up & !n d[n1 roll$ _! eyes & made mean+less motions ) _! h&s & arms4 ,f9ally ! agitation subsid$1 ! pupils dilat$ to ! maximum1 & ! condemn$ lay motionless4 99 99 99 ,dea? occurr$ #aba1 #abc1 & #abi m9utes aft] entry ( ! projectile40 ,l4 ,inc5di>y ,bomb ,exp]im5ts ,^! exp]im5ts 7 likewise c>ri$ out at ,bu*5wald1 & ! ,d+ di>y gives u ! facts4 ,9 ,novemb] #aidc five p]sons 7 delib]ately burn$ ) phosphor\s mat]ial tak5 f an ,engli% inc5di>y bomb4 ,! victims 7 p]man5tly & s]i\sly injur$4 ,m4 ,jewi% ,skeleton ,collection ,i come n[ to *>ges /at$ 9 p>agraphs #g & #aa ( ! indictm5t4 ,^! are p]haps ! mo/ utt]ly repulsive *>ges 9 ! entire indictm5t4 ,!y conc]n ! def5dants ,rudolf ,br&t & ,siev]s4 ,siev]s & 8 associates 9 ! ,ahn5]be ,society 7 completely obsess$ by all ! vici\s & malignant ,nazi racial !ories4 ,!y conceiv$ ! notion ( apply+ ^! nause\s !ories 9 ! field ( an?ropology4 ,:at ensu$ 0 murd]\s folly4 ,9 ,febru>y #aidb1 ,siev]s submitt$ to ,himml]1 ?r\gh ,rudolf ,br&t1 a report f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract 7,,no-#jhe73 8,we h a ne>ly complete collection ( skulls ( all races & peoples at our disposal4 ,only v few specim5s ( skulls ( ! ,jewi% race1 h[ev]1 are available ) ! result t x is impossible to arrive at precise conclusions f exam9+ !m4 ,! w> 9 ! ,ea/ n[ pres5ts u ) ! opportunity to ov]come ?is defici5cy4 ,by procur+ ! skulls ( ! ,jewi%-,bol%evik ,commiss>s1 :o repres5t ! prototype ( ! repulsive1 b *>act]i/ic subhuman1 we h ! *ance n[ to obta9 a palpable1 sci5tific docum5t4 8,! be/1 practical me?od = obta9+ & collect+ ?is skull mat]ial c\ld be h&l$ by direct+ ! ,wehrma*t to turn ov] alive all captur$ ,jewi%-,bol%evik ,commiss>s to ! ,field ,police4 ,!y 9 turn are to be giv5 special directives to in=m a c]ta9 (fice at regul> int]vals ( ! numb] & place ( det5tion ( ^! captur$ ,jews & to give !m special close att5tion & c>e until a special delegate arrives4 ,?is special delegate1 :o w be 9 *>ge ( secur+ ! #8mat]ial' has ! job ( tak+ a s]ies ( previ\sly e/abli%$ photographs1 an?ropological measurem5ts1 & 9 addition has to det]m9e1 z f> z possible1 ! backgr\nd1 date ( bir?1 & o!r p]sonal data ( ! prison]4 ,foll[+ ! subsequ5tly induc$ dea? ( ! ,jew1 ^: head %\ld n be damag$1 ! delegate w sep>ate ! head f ! body & w =w>d x to its prop] po9t ( de/9ation 9 a h]metically seal$ t9 c1 especially produc$ = ?is purpose & fill$ ) a cons]v+ fluid4 8,hav+ arriv$ at ! laboratory1 ! comp>ison te/s & anatomical rese>* on ! skull1 z well z det]m9ation ( ! race memb]%ip ( pa?ological features ( ! skull =m1 ! =m & size ( ! bra91 etc41 c proce$4 ,! basis ( ^! /udies w be ! photos1 measurem5ts1 & o!r data suppli$ on ! head1 & f9ally ! te/s ( ! skull itself40 ,aft] ext5sive correspond5ce betwe5 ,himml] & ! def5dants ,siev]s & ,rudolf ,br&t1 x 0 decid$ to procure ! skulls f inmates ( ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp in/ead ( at ! front4 ,! hide\s program 0 actually c>ri$ out1 z is %[n by a lett] f ,siev]s writt5 9 ,june #aidc1 :i* /ates 9 "p 7,,no-#jhg73 8,i wi% to in=m y t our associate1 ,dr4 ,beg]1 :o 0 9 *>ge ( ! above special project1 has int]rupt$ 8 exp]im5ts 9 ! conc5tration camp ,aus*witz because ( ! exi/+ dang] ( epidemics4 ,altoge!r #aae p]sons 7 work$ on1 #gi 7 ,jews1 #cj 7 ,jewesses1 #b 7 ,poles1 & #d 7 ,asiatics4 ,at ! pres5t "t ^! prison]s are segregat$ by sex & are "u qu>ant9e 9 ! two hospital build+s ( ,aus*witz40 ,aft] ! dea? ( ^! wret*$ ,jews _h be5 8induc$0 _! corpses 7 s5t to ,/rasb\rg4 ,a ye> elaps$1 & ! ,alli$ armies 7 rac+ across ,france & 7 ne>+ ,/rasb\rg :]e ?is mon/r\s exhibit ( ! culture ( ! ma/] race repos$4 ,al>m$1 ,siev]s s5t a telegram to ,rudolf ,br&t 9 ,septemb] #aidd1 f :i* ,i quote3 8,accord+ to ! proposal ( #i ,febru>y #aidb1 & y\r approval ( #bc ,febru>y #aidb1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt has assembl$ a skeleton collection :i* has nev] be5 9 exi/5ce be=e4 ,because ( ! va/ am\nt ( sci5tific rese>* t is connect$ ) ?is project1 ! job ( r$uc+ ! corpses to skeletons has n yet be5 complet$4 ,s9ce x might require "s "t to process #hj corpses1 ,hirt reque/$ a decision p]ta9+ to ! treatm5t ( ! collection /or$ 9 ! morgue ( ! ,anatomy1 9 case ,/rasb\rg %\ld be endang]$4 ,! collection c be defle%$ & r5d]$ unrecognizable4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld mean t ! :ole "w _h be5 done = no?+--at lea/ 9 "p--& t ?is s+ul> collection w\ld be lo/ to sci5ce1 s9ce x w\ld be impossible to make pla/] ca/s aft]w>ds4 ,! skeleton collection1 z su* is inconspicu\s4 ,! fle% p>ts c\ld be decl>$ z hav+ be5 left by ! ,fr5* at ! "t we took ov] ! ,anatomy & w\ld be turn$ ov] = cremat+4 ,please advise me :i* ( ! foll[+ ?ree proposals is to be c>ri$ out3 7#a7 ,! collection z a :ole is to be pres]v$4 7#b7 ,! collection is to be dissolv$ 9 "p4 7#c7 ,! collection is to be completely dissolv$40 ,! f9al *apt] ( ?is b>b>ic ent]prise is f\nd 9 a note 9 ,himml]'s files address$ to ,rudolf ,br&t /at+ t3 8,dur+ 8 visit at ! ,op]ational ,headqu>t]s on #ba ,novemb] #aidd1 ,siev]s told me t ! collection 9 ,/rasb\rg _h be5 completely dissolv$ 9 con=mance ) ! directive giv5 him at ! "t4 ,he is ( ! op9ion t ?is arrangem5t is = ! be/ 9 view ( ! :ole situation40 ,^! m51 h[ev]1 reckon$ )\t ! h& ( fate4 ,! bodies ( ^! un=tunate p 7 n completely dispos$ (1 & ?is ,tribunal w he> ! te/imony ( witnesses & see pictorial exhibits depict+ ! *>nel h\se :i* 0 ! ,anatomy ,in/itute ( ! ,rei* ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg4 ,i h n[ complet$ ! sket* ( "s ( ! f\l crimes :i* ^! def5dants committ$ 9 ! "n ( rese>*4 ,! horrible record ( _! degradation ne$s no und]l9+4 ,b ,g]man m$ical sci5ce 0 9 pa/ ye>s honor$ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & _m ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s names 9 m$ical rese>* are ,g]man4 ,h[ did ^! ?+s come to pass8 ,i w outl9e briefly ! hi/orical evid5ce :i* we w (f] & :i*1 ,i believe1 w %[ t ^! crimes 7 ! logical & inevitable outcome ( ! pro/itution ( ,g]man m$ic9e "u ! ,nazis4 ,,g]man ,,m$ical ,,organization ,be=e #aicc ,two ye>s aft] ! recon/itution ( ! ,g]man ,rei*1 9 #ahga1 ! ,g]man ,m$ical ,association 7,deuts*] ,a]ztev]e9sbund7 0 creat$1 :i* ti$ toge!r ! old] local m$ical associations4 ,?is society exi/$ until x 0 aboli%$ by ! ,nazi ,gov]nm5t4 ,its /ructure 0 democratic1 & its int]e/s includ$ problems ( hygi5e & public heal?1 & to an increas+ ext5t1 socio-m$ical problems especially 9 ! field ( sickness & disability insurance4 ,bism>ck's legislation ( #ahha e/abli%$ compulsory sickness insurance = workm54 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ensu+ ye>s1 ! va/ bulk ( ! workm5 7 insur$1 & consequ5tly mo/ ( ! ord9>y physician's pati5ts came to be insur$ pati5ts4 ,!re 7 li/s ( physicians au?oriz$ to treat insur$ pati5ts1 & x 0 a matt] ( vital mom5t to e practic+ physician to be li/$4 ,to protect _! int]e/ ) respect to li/+1 fees1 & o!r su* problems1 ! ,g]man doctors f\nd$ a volunt>y association = ! def5se ( _! economic int]e/s kn[n z ! ,h>tmann ,bund4 ,que/ions ( pr(essional e?ics1 m$ical malpractice1 etc41 7 h&l$ 9 ,g]many 9 two di/9ct sets ( m$ical bo>ds or 8,c\rts40 ,an entirely un(ficial & volunt>y sy/em 0 e/abli%$ by ! ,g]man ,m$ical ,association4 ,! o!r1 :i* 0 end[$ ) semi-(ficial /atus1 0 call$ ! ,rei* ,*amb] ( ,physicians4 ,^! *amb]s 7 elect$ by vote ( ! memb]s & 7 support$ by an assessm5t4 ,9 addition to ^! organizations1 !re exi/$ 9 ,g]many purely pr(essional societies ( doctors1 :]e pap]s conc]n+ sci5tific & practical problems 7 read & discuss$1 & :i* e/abli%$ connections ) simil> societies abroad4 ,! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t ag5cies :i* sup]vis$ ! c]tification & lic5s+ ( physicians z well z _! pr(essional activities 7 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,education & ! ,rei* ,heal? ,(fice 7,rei*sgesundheitsamt7 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,! latt] sup]vis$ m$ical practice & lic5s+ ?r\gh ! *annels ( ! ,m9i/ries ( ! ,int]ior ( ! v>i\s ,g]man /ates1 al?\gh lic5s+ 0 a f$]al function r ?an a /ate function4 ,m$ical education & tra9+ 7 r /&>diz$ b good4 ,! /ud5ts sp5t #e or #f ye>s at "o ( sev]al ( ! m$ical univ]sities2 !y took a f9al exam9ation cov]+ _! cl9ical /udies & !n sp5t a ye> at an au?oriz$ hospital "u sup]vision4 ,!reaft] ! int]ns 7 lic5s$ & p]mitt$ to e/abli% a practice4 ,aft] two m ye>s !y became eligible to treat insurance pati5ts1 &1 aft] submitt+ a !sis1 c\ld obta9 ! degree ( doctor f a univ]sity4 ,imm$iate ,impact ( ,nazism on ,g]man ,m$ic9e ,9 ! ye>s imm$iately prec$+ ! ,?ird ,rei*1 physicians' organizations devot$ to ,p>ty politics sprang up4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ! ,national ,sociali/ ,physicians' ,society1 f\nd$ 9 #aibi1 9 :i* ,conti play$ a lead+ role4 ,!re 0 a rival association ( ,social ,democratic ,physicians1 & a ,sociali/ ,society ( ,physicians4 ,^! societies propos$ c&idates = election to ! ,physicians' ,*amb]s1 & ?us ! ,national ,sociali/ ,physicians' ,society & ! ,sociali/ associations came to compete ) ea* o!r4 ,! notori\s 8boycott day0 9 ,b]l91 #a ,april #aicc1 0 a day ( disgrace = ,g]man m$ic9e4 ,memb]s ( ! ,national ,sociali/ ,physicians' ,society1 :o knew ! memb]%ip li/s ( ! ,sociali/ societies & ! li/s ( ,jewi% physicians1 broke into ! ap>tm5ts ( _! ,sociali/ & ,jewi% colleagues 9 ! e>ly morn+ h\rs1 pull$ !m out ( _! b$s1 beat !m & br\ght !m to ! exhibition area ne> ! ,b]l9 ,lehrt] ,/ation4 ,!re1 all ( !m1 includ+ m5 up to #gj ye>s old1 7 =c$ to run ar\nd ! g>d51 z 9 a hippodrome1 & !y 7 %ot at ) pi/ols or beat5 ) /icks4 ,!re !y _h to /ay = sev]al days )\t suffici5t food1 & !n 7 h&$ ov] to ! ,,sa :i* c>ri$ "p ( !m to ! cell>s at ! ,h$emann/rasse jail = fur!r tortures4 ,!reaft]1 ! memb]s ( ! ,sociali/ ,society ( ,physicians 7 b>r$ f all insurance practice because ( 8,communi/ & subv]sive activities40 ,9 ! subsequ5t li/+s ( physicians issu$ by ! insurance companies1 ! ,jewi% physicians 7 includ$ 9 a sep>ate li/ head$ 8,enemies ( ! ,/ate or ,jews40 ,soon1 ! insurance companies1 ev5 private ones1 7 no long] p]mitt$ to pay fees to ! ,jewi% physicians4 ,imm$iately !reaft]1 ,jewi% physicians 7 exclud$ f all pr(essional & sci5tific societies4 ,at fir/1 ^? :o 7 w> vet]ans 7 nom9ally all[$ to c>ry on _! insurance practice1 b pati5ts :o kept go+ to !m 7 ?reat5$ & expos$ to all k9ds ( unpleasantness on ! "p ( ! insurance (ficials4 ,aft] ! w> began1 c]tification & lic5s+ 7 )drawn f all ,jewi% physicians & !y 7 degrad$ to ! /atus ( lay !rapi/s4 ,^! physicians 7 =c$ to we> a blue %ield ) ! ,/> ( ,david & _h to add a middle "n su* z 8,s>ah0 or 8,israel40 ,_! prescriptions likewise _h to be> ! ,/> ( ,david1 :i* expos$ _! pati5ts to all k9ds ( unpleasantness :5 fill+ !m at ph>macies1 mo/ ( :i* _h signs 9 _! w9d[s read+ 8,jews n want$40 ,at fir/1 ! ,aryan physicians 7 all[$ to treat ,jewi% pati5ts1 b f9ally !y 7 prohibit$ f do+ s4 ,hospitals refus$ admission to ,jewi% pati5ts1 ap>t f a few c\rage\s ones :o admitt$ !m 9 defiance ( ! law4 ,jews 7 admitt$ to m5tal in/itutions 9 sep>ate w>ds1 b usually 7 quickly transport$ else:]e = ext]m9ation4 ,9 ! e>ly summ] ( #aidc1 ,conti in/igat$ & direct$ a :olesale p]secution ( doctors :o 7 ei!r =eign]s or p]sons ( s-call$ mix$ blood & ^? relat$ by m>riage to ,jews4 ,at fir/1 !y 7 remov$ f _! practice & s5t (f to po/s "u inf]ior ,p>ty doctors4 ,9 #aidd1 ,conti w5t a /ep fur!r & =bade ^! physicians to practice4 ,!y 7 draft$ into ! ,spe] organization1 9 :i* !y 7 employ$ solely at manual labor1 _! liv+ conditions be+ little bett] ?an ^? ( conc5tration camp inmates4 ,pro/itution ( ,g]man ,m$ic9e ,"u ,national ,socialism ,! totalit>ian /ructure ( ! ,nazi ,/ate dem&$ fundam5tal subord9ation ( all pr9ciples ( m$ic9e to ,national ,sociali/ population policy & racial concepts4 ,! mo/ emphatic & repell+ expression ( ^? new aims & goals came f ! ,nazi ,director ( ,public ,heal? 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior1 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,guett1 :o took (fice 9 #aicc4 ,9 a book publi%$ 9 #aice entitl$ 8,! ,/ructure ( ,public ,heal? 9 ! ,?ird ,rei*10 ,guett ann\nc$ t 8! ill-conceiv$ #8love ( ?y neighbor' has to disappe>1 especially 9 relation to inf]ior or asocial creatures4 ,x is ! supreme duty ( a national /ate to grant life & livelihood only to ! heal?y & h]$it>ily s\nd portion ( ! p 9 ord] to secure ! ma9t5ance ( a h]$it>ily s\nd & racially pure folk = all et]nity4 ,! life ( an individual has mean+ only 9 ! light ( t ultimate aim1 t is1 9 ! light ( 8 mean+ to 8 family & to 8 national /ate40 ,! entire public heal? policy ( ! ,?ird ,rei* 0 put 9 l9e ) ?is pron\ncem5t ( pr9ciples4 ,! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 ,frick1 reorganiz$ ! ,heal? ,dep>tm5t 9 8 m9i/ry 9 su* a way t police1 public heal?1 welf>e adm9i/ration & social s]vices 7 all coord9at$ 9 pursuit ( ^! goals4 ,! beg9n+s ( ?is reorganization />t$ already 9 ! summ] ( #aicc & 7 sub/antially complet$ by #aicf4 ,all ^! activities 7 conc5trat$ "u ,dr4 ,guett1 :o 0 ?us enabl$ to coord9ate ! practical application ( 8 policy ) 8 !oretical pr9ciples4 ,ev5 psy*iatric social s]vice ag5cies1 :i* did ?or\gh & well-organiz$ "w prior to #aicc1 7 r$uc$ to m]e scre5+ /ations = h]$it>y & racial selection4 ,all gov]nm5t-employ$ physicians _h to take a special new c\rse la/+ #ah mon?s & _h to be ,p>ty memb]s4 ,! ,g]man ,r$ ,cross 0 likewise drawn into ! orbit ( ! ,nazi ,p>ty & ! ,,ss1 9 view ( ,dr4 ,grawitz' appo9tm5t z presid5t ( ! ,r$ ,cross4 ,9 #aide1 aft] ,grawitz' suicide1 ! def5dant ,gebh>dt succe$$ him4 ,! ,?ird ,rei* also completely reorganiz$ ! pr(essional m$ical societies4 ,! ,g]man ,m$ical ,association & ! ,h>tmann ,bund 7 aboli%$4 ,all ,g]man physicians 7 reorganiz$ ?r\gh an organization d]iv$ f ! ,rei* ,physicians' ,*amb]4 ,?is ,national ,physicians' ,*amb] 0 plac$ directly "u a m$ical 8fuehr]0 ) ! title ( 8,rei*sa]ztefuehr]40 ,?is position 0 also held by ,conti4 ,all doctors except ^? on active milit>y duty 7 subord9ate to him4 ,8 regional deputies 7 select$ f ! ranks ( active ,national ,sociali/s :o t]roriz$ ! di/rict bran* societies4 ,^! deputies1 :o usually /rutt$ ab\t 9 ,,sa or ,,ss uni=ms1 7 recruit$ ma9ly f ! e>ly memb]s ( ! ,national ,sociali/ ,m$ical ,association4 ,x 0 _! job to br+ pressure on physicians to jo9 & take "p 9 v>i\s p>ty organizations1 su* z ! ,,sa & ,,ss4 ,a comm& p]=mance1 especially = y\ng] physicians1 0 att5dance at ! s-call$ ,fuehr]-,s*ool ( ,g]man ,physicians at ,altrehse 9 ,meckl5burg1 :i* _h be5 organiz$ by ! def5dant ,blome4 ,!re physicians 7 indoctr9at$ 9 ! ,national ,sociali/ po9t ( view & way ( life4 ,! s-call$ comradely association & sports activity 7 m]ely w9d[ dress+ = political spy+4 ,^! c\rses f9ally became compulsory & _h to be att5d$ = sev]al mon?s annually4 ,! g5]al respect1 9 :i* doctors 7 held1 sunk 9 view ( ! decreas+ level ( g5]al education & ability ( ! doctors4 ,?is 0 p>tly due to ! con/ant occupation ( ! physicians' "t ) ,p>ty functions1 especially ! "t-consum+ ,p>ty =mations & m>*es :i* made x impossible = "y physicians to develop sci5tific int]e/s1 s t rec5t graduates increas+ly lo/ und]/&+ & incl9ation = s]i\s sci5tific /udy & long-range rese>*4 ,m$ical ,s*ool & ,m$ical ,tra9+ ,"u ! ,nazis ,on pap]1 m$ical tra9+ "u ! ,nazis diff]$ little f t ( ! pre-,nazi era4 ,h[ev]1 its fundam5tal _s 0 ru9\sly di/ort$ & m$ical /&>ds suff]$ a dismal decl9e4 ,m$ical /ud5ts _h to be 8,aryan10 & 7 requir$ to belong to ! ,national ,sociali/ ,/ud5ts' ,league4 ,! /ud5ts' entire c\rse ( /udies 0 con/antly int]rupt$ by ! dem&s ( ! v>i\s p>ty organizations to :i* !y 7 =c$ to belong4 ,a /ud5t ^: k ( ! racial !ories & ,nu]nb]g laws 0 n suffici5t w\ld fail 8 m$ical exam9ations4 ,*airs 9 ! univ]sities 7 fill$ 9 _m cases by ,nazi s-call$ 8pr(essors0 :o might or might n h a sci5tific backgr\nd4 ,! true sci5tific societies "u ! ,nazi regime became less & less active1 & ! ,nazi pr(essors 9 ! univ]sities devot$ m "t & int]e/ to _! ,,sa or ,,ss organizations ?an to ! tea*+ ( m$ic9e4 ,^! ,nazi pr(essors w\ld don _! br[n ,,sa or black ,,ss uni=ms on all possible occasions1 ex*ang+ !m pr\dly = _! academic g[ns at all academic celebrations & meet+s4 ,! wor/ ,nazi politicians1 l ,/rei*]1 7 giv5 ! free run ( univ]sity cl9ics1 su* z at ,erlang54 ,?is submissiv5ess to lay politicians l$ to a g5]al decl9e ( respect = ,g]man academic m$ic9e n only on ! "p ( _! own public & abroad b ev5 on ! "p ( ! v same politicians be=e :om !y k[t[$4 ,?is w5t s f> t ,/rei*]1 :5 address+ a full faculty meet+ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,erlang5 9 #aicf1 call$ ! assembl$ pr(essors 8complete idiots0 to _! faces4 ,?is 0 by no means an isolat$ occurr5ce4 ,p>ticul>ly deplorable 0 ! degradation ( psy*iatry4 ,psy*iatric univ]sity tea*+ decl9$ to ! level ( a m]e reha%+ ( ! ,nu]nb]g & /]ilization laws4 ,! mod]n te*niques ( psy*o!rapy _h be5 ab&on$1 & treatm5t det]iorat$ to pep talks full ( ,nazi indoctr9ation admonitions & ?reats4 ,no wond] t ^! me?ods backfir$ aga9/ ! be/ int]e/ ( ! ,g]man w> ef=t :i* !y 7 fooli%ly int5d$ to s]ve4 ,! lack ( prop] und]/&+ & treatm5t ( ,g]man soldi]s :o develop$ combat fatigue or neuroses1 on ! "p ( _! own m$ical p]sonnel1 drove _m ( !m to surr5d] to ! enemy2 ef=ts to rehabilitate !m & re/ore !m to duty 7 fru/rat$ by ! ru9\s infusion ( ,nazi doctr9e4 ,summ>y ,! g5]al decl9e ( ,g]man m$ical conduct & ! poison+ ( ,g]man m$ical e?ics :i* ! ,nazis br\ght ab\t laid ! basis = ! atroci\s exp]im5ts ( :i* ! def5dants are accus$4 ,_m ( ^! 7 exp]im5ts 9 "n only2 we w %[ !m to h be5 s5seless & clumsy & ( no real value to m$ic9e z a heal+ art4 ,! ,nazi m$ical _w 0 flood$ ) prepo/]\s & wick$ notions ab\t sup]ior & inf]ior races & develop$ a p]v]t$ moral outlook 9 :i* cruelty to subjugat$ races & peoples 0 praisewor?y4 ,tra9+ 9 ,,sa & ,,ss =mations 0 h>dly calculat$ to develop physicians :o c\ld compreh5d ev5 ! b>e elem5ts ( ! doctor-pati5t relation%ip4 ,9 ?is noxi\s g>d5 ( lies1 ! se$s ( ! exp]im5ts 7 plant$4 ,9 ! climate ( ,nazi ,g]many1 !y grew ) horrible rapidity4 ,,crimes ,,( ,,mass ,,ext]m9ation2 ,,murd] ,,( ,,poli% ,,nationals ,f ! prea*+ ( ,guett & o!rs sprang ! notions :i* und]lie ! crimes to :i* we w n[ turn4 ,"h we leave beh9d all semblance1 h[ev] fictiti\s1 ( sci5ce & rese>*4 ,"u ^! tea*+s1 life & livelihood became ! bir?right ( no "o4 ,! weak & ! physically h&icapp$ are 9 ! way & mu/ be pu%$ aside4 ,inf]ior peoples are born to be ext]m9at$ by ! ,h]r5volk4 ,! *>ges 9 p>agraphs #h & #ac ( ! indictm5t conc]n ! def5dants ,blome & ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,! orig9al impetus = ?is t]rible mass murd] came f a fi5d nam$ ,greis]1 :o 0 ! ,g]man ,gov]nor ( ! nor?we/ portions ( ,pol&1 :i* _h be5 absorb$ into ! ,rei* "u ! "n 8,w>!l&40 ,e>ly 9 #aidb1 ,greis] 0 9 ! process ( ext]m9at+ ?\s&s ( ,jews 9 8 t]ritory1 & he decid$ to turn 8 att5tion next to ,poles infect$ ) tub]culosis4 ,i call ! ,tribunal's special att5tion to ! ,g]man ^w 8,sond]beh&lung40 ,9 ! next docum5t1 z w be %[n1 x occurs frequ5tly 9 ,nazi correspond5ce & 0 us$ by !m to mean ext]m9ation4 ,9 ,may #aidb1 ,greis] wrote to ,himml] z foll[s 7,,no-#bdf73 8,! special treatm5t ,sond]beh&lung ( ab\t #ajj1jjj ,jews 9 ! t]ritory ( my di/rict approv$ by y 9 agreem5t ) ! ,*ief ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice1 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,heydri*1 c be complet$ )9 ! next #b to #c mon?s4 ,i ask y = p]mission to rescue ! di/rict imm$iately aft] ! measures are tak5 aga9/ ! ,jews1 f a m5ace1 :i* is increas+ week by week1 & to use ! exi/+ & effici5t special comm&os = t purpose4 8,!re are ab\t #bcj1jjj p ( ,poli% nationality 9 my di/rict :o 7 diagnos$ to suff] f tub]culosis4 ,! numb] ( p]sons infect$ ) op5 tub]culosis is e/imat$ at ab\t #ce1jjj4 ,?is fact has l$ 9 an increas+ fright5+ measure to ! infection ( ,g]mans1 :o came to ! ,w>!gau p]fectly heal?y4 ,9 p>ticul>1 reports are receiv$ ) ev]-increas+ effect ( ,g]man *ildr5 9 dang] ( infection4 ,a consid]able numb] ( well-kn[n lead+ m51 especially ( ! police1 h be5 infect$ lately & are n available = ! w> ef=t because ( ! necess>y m$ical treatm5t4 ,! ev]-increas+ risks 7 also recogniz$ & appreciat$ by ! deputy ( ! ,rei* ,lead] = ,public ,heal? 7,rei*sgesundheitsfuehr]7 ,comrade ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,blome z well z by ! lead] ( y\r ,x-ray battalion ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hohlfeld]4 8,?\gh 9 ,g]many prop] x is n possible to take appropriate draconic /eps aga9/ ?is public plague1 ,i ?9k ,i c\ld take responsibility = my sugge/ion to h cases ( op5 ,,tb ext]m9at$ among ! ,poli% race "h 9 ! ,w>!gau4 ,( c\rse only a ,pole %\ld be h&$ ov] to su* an action1 :o is n only suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis1 b ^: incurability is prov$ & c]tifi$ by a public heal? (fic]4 8,consid]+ ! urg5cy ( ?is project ,i ask = y\r approval 9 pr9ciple z soon z possible4 ,?is w\ld enable u to make ! prep>ations ) all necess>y precautions n[ to get ! action aga9/ ! ,poles suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis "u way1 :ile ! action aga9/ ! ,jews is 9 its clos+ /ages40 ,greis]'s proposal 0 support$ 9 a lett] f "o1 ,koppe1 ! ,,ss & police lead] 9 t region1 to ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 to :i* ,br&t repli$ /at+ t ! matt] 0 "u consid]ation & t ! f9al decision w\ld re/ ) ,hitl]4 ,late 9 ,june1 ,himml] s5t a 8favorable0 reply to ,greis] caution+ him1 h[ev]1 t ! ext]m9ations %\ld be c>ri$ out inconspicu\sly4 ,!reaft]1 consultations z to h[ to c>ry out ! measure occurr$ betwe5 ,greis]1 ,dr4 ,hohlfeld]1 & ! def5dant ,blome4 ,! views ( ,blome are embodi$ 9 a lett] f him to ,greis] writt5 9 ,novemb] #aidb4 ,?is lett] conta9s an indescribably brutal analysis ( ! situation1 9 :i* ,blome expresses agreem5t ) ! view t ext]m9ation ( ! tub]cul> ,poles is ! simple/ & mo/ logical solution1 & expresses d\bt z to its desirability only 9 t x w\ld be difficult to keep su* widespread slaught] secret1 & t ,hitl] might ?9k ! program politically inexp$i5t if ! facts %\ld ev] come out4 ,i quote f ! lett] ( def5dant ,blome 7,,no-#bej73 8,x 0 calculat$ t 9 #aici !re 7 among ! ,poles ab\t #ce1jjj p]sons suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis &1 besides ?is numb]1 ab\t #abj1jjj o!r consumptives 9 ne$ ( treatm5t4 99 99 99 8,) ! settlem5t ( ,g]mans 9 all p>ts ( ! ,gau an enorm\s dang] has aris5 = !m4 ,a numb] ( cases ( infection ( settl$ *ildr5 & adults occurs daily4 99 99 99 99 99 8,!re=e1 some?+ basic mu/ be done soon4 ,"o mu/ decide ! mo/ effici5t way 9 :i* ?is c be done4 ,!re are ?ree ways to be tak5 into consid]ation3 #a4 ,special treatm5t ,sond]beh&lung ( ! s]i\sly ill p]sons4 #b4 ,mo/ rigor\s isolation ( ! s]i\sly ill p]sons4 #c4 ,creation ( a res]vation = all ,,tb pati5ts4 8,= ! plann+1 att5tion mu/ be paid to diff]5t po9ts ( view ( a practical1 political1 & psy*ological nature4 ,consid]+ x mo/ sob]ly1 ! simple/ way w\ld be ! foll[+3 ,aid$ by ! ,x-ray battalion ,ro5tg5 ,/urmbann we c\ld rea* ! entire population1 ,g]man & ,poli%1 ( ! ,gau dur+ ! fir/ half ( #aidc4 ,z to ! ,g]mans1 ! treatm5t & isolation are to be prep>$ & c>ri$ out accord+ to ! regulations = ,tub]culosis ,relief ,tub]kulosehilfe4 8,! approximately #ce1jjj ,poles :o are incurable & infecti\s w be #8specially treat$' sond]beh&elt4 ,all o!r ,poli% consumptives w be subject$ to an appropriate cure 9 ord] to save !m = "w & to avoid _! caus+ contagion4 8,accord+ to y\r reque/ ,i made arrangem5ts ) ! (fices 9 "q1 9 ord] to />t & c>ry out ?is radical proc$ure )9 half a ye>4 ,y told me1 t ! compet5t (fice agre$ ) y z to ?is #8special treatm5t' & promis$ support4 ,be=e we def9itely />t ! program1 ,i ?9k x w\ld be correct if y w\ld make sure once m t ! ,fuehr] w really agree to su* a solution4 99 99 99 99 99 8,!re c be no d\bt t ! int5d$ program is ! mo/ simple & mo/ radical solution4 ,if absolute secrecy c\ld be gu>ante$1 all scruples--reg>dless ( :at nature--c\ld be ov]come4 ,b ,i consid] ma9ta9+ secrecy impossible4 ,exp]i5ce has taught u t ?is assumption is true4 ,%\ld ^? sick p]sons1 hav+ be5 br\ght1 z plann$1 to ! old ,rei* suppos$ly to be treat$ or heal$1 & !y actually nev] return1 ! relatives ( ^? sick p]sons 9 spite ( ! greate/ secrecy w\ld "s day notice #8t some?+ 0 n q "r'4 99 99 99 99 99 8,!re=e1 ,i ?9k x necess>y to expla9 all ^? po9ts ( view to ! ,fuehr] be=e und]tak+ ! program1 z1 9 my op9ion he is ! only "o able to view ! entire complex & to come to a decision40 ,! prosecution w introduce evid5ce to %[ t ! program 0 9 fact c>ri$ out at ! end ( #aidb & ! beg9n+ ( #aidc1 & t z a result ( ! sugge/ions made by ,blome & ,greis]1 _m ,poles 7 ru?lessly ext]m9at$ & t o!rs 7 tak5 to isolat$ camps1 utt]ly lack+ 9 m$ical facilities1 :]e ?\s&s ( !m di$4 ,,eu?anasia ,on #a ,septemb] #aici1 ! v day ( ! ,g]man attack on ,pol&1 & aft] a great deal ( discussion betwe5 ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t1 ,dr4 ,leon>do ,conti1 ,philipp ,b\hl]1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr]1 & o!rs1 ,hitl] issu$ ! foll[+ au?ority to ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t 7#fcj-,,ps73 8,rei*sleit] ,b\hl] & ,dr4 ,br&t1 ,m4 ,d41 are *>g$ ) ! responsibility ( enl>g+ ! au?ority ( c]ta9 physicians to be designat$ by "n 9 su* a mann] t p]sons :o1 accord+ to human judgm5t1 are incurable c1 ^u a mo/ c>eful diagnosis ( _! condition ( sickness1 be accord$ a m]cy dea?4 ,sign$ ,,adolf ,,hitl]0 ,aft] ! receipt ( ?is ord]1 an organization 0 set up to execute ?is program1 ,k>l ,br&t head$ ! m$ical section & ,philipp ,b\hl]1 ! adm9i/rative section4 ,! def5dant ,hov51 z *ief surgeon ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp1 took "p 9 ! program & p]sonally ord]$ ! transf] ( at lea/ #cjj to #djj ,jewi% inmates ( diff]5t nationalities1 mo/ly non-,g]man1 to _! dea? 9 ! eu?anasia /ation at ,b]nburg4 ,! def5dants ,brack & ,blome p>ticipat$ 9 _! capacities z assi/ants to ,b\hl] & ,conti4 ,que/ionnaires 7 =w>d$ to ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior f ! v>i\s in/itutes & 7 !n submitt$ to ,k>l ,br&t & 8 /aff = an exp]t op9ion 9 ord] to det]m9e ! /atus ( ea* pati5t4 ,!n ea* ( ^? exp]ts indicat$ 8 op9ion z to ! ev5tual disposition ( ! pati5t2 t is1 :e!r or n ! pati5t %\ld be transf]r$ to a kill+ /ation4 ,! que/ionnaires 7 suppos$ly return$ to ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior1 :i*1 9 turn1 s5t li/s ( ! doom$ pati5ts to ! diff]5t insane asylums1 ord]+ ! directors ( ! asylums to h& ov] ! pati5ts to a ?+ call$ ! ,g5]al ,sick ,transport ,corporation = transf] to ! p>ticul> /ations :]e ! kill+s took place4 ,?is ,transport ,corporation 0 n a real organization1 b "o ( ! code names us$ to disguise ! true nature ( ! activities4 ,! pati5ts 7 !n transf]r$ to ! /ation :]e !y 7 imm$iately kill$4 ,?is entire proc$ure took place )\t ! cons5t ( ! relatives1 b ! relatives did receive a dea? c]tificate on :i* ! cause ( dea? 0 falsifi$4 ,! ,eu?anasia ,program 0 an op5 secret 9 top ,nazi circles4 ,h[ev]1 e possible ef=t _h be5 made to keep x f ! public 9 ord] to avoid int]v5tion by ! *ur*es4 ,9 spite ( all ^! precautions1 x became commonly kn[n 9 ,g]many z e>ly z ! summ] ( #aidj t ^! kill+s 7 go+ on & *ur* au?orities1 z well z v>i\s legal (ficials1 tri$ 9 va9 to /op ! kill+s4 ,typical ( ! lett]s rea*+ ! ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice & ! ,m9i/] ( ,int]ior is ! foll[+3 ,address$ to ,! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice3 8,i h a s*izophr5ic son 9 a ,wu]ttemb]g m5tal in/itution4 ,i am %ock$ ab\t ! foll[+ absolutely reliable in=mation4 8,s9ce "s weeks insane p]sons are be+ tak5 f ! in/itutions alleg$ly on ! gr\nds ( milit>y evacuation4 ,! directors ( ! in/itutions are enjo9$ to absolute secrecy4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ! relatives are in=m$ t ! sick p]son has di$ ( encephalitis4 ,! a%es are available if s desir$4 ,?is is pla9 murd] j z 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,?is measure uni=mly emanates f ! ,,ss 9 ,b]l94 ,! in/itutions d>e n in=m ! au?orities4 ,inquire at once at ,rott5mu5/]1 ,s*ass5ri$1 ,w9z]tal1 all 9 ,wu]ttemb]g4 ,h ! li/s ( #b mon?s ago exam9$ & submitt$ to y1 *eck ^u ! inmates :o are !re n[ & ask :]e ! miss+ p]sons w5t to4 ,= #g ye>s n[ ?is gang ( murd]]s h defil$ ! ,g]man "n4 ,if my son is murd]$1 woe6 ,i %all take c>e t ^! crimes w be publi%$ 9 all =eign newspap]s4 ,! ,,ss may d5y x z !y always d4 ,i %all dem& prosecution by ! public prosecutor4 8,i _c give my "n nor ! in/itution :]e my son is1 o!rwise ,i1 too1 won't live mu* long]4 ,heil ,hitl] ,ob]regi]ungsrat ,n40 ,if ?is program _h /ay$ )9 ! b\nds set =? 9 ,hitl]'s lett] to ,k>l ,br&t1 x w\ld h be5 bad en\gh4 ,we may pass ov] z q irrelevant any su* "q z :e!r m]cy kill+ may n 9 "s circum/ances be desirable1 & :e!r a /atute au?oriz+ m]cy kill+s "u prop] safegu>ds w\ld be valid4 ,su* que/ions may be debatable1 b !y d n confront u "h4 ,no ,g]man law au?oriz+ m]cy kill+s 0 ev] adopt$4 ,hitl]'s memor&um to ,br&t & ,b\hl] 0 n a law1 n ev5 a ,nazi law4 ,x 0 n int5d$ to be a law or reg>d$ z su* ev5 by ! top ,nazi (ficials4 ,t is :y ! program 0 c>ri$ out ) ! utmo/ secrecy4 ,! program 0 kn[n to be utt]ly illegal by ^? :o 7 9 *>ge ( x2 !y knew x 0 no?+ b murd]4 ,?is is br\ght out v cle>ly 9 a lett] f ,himml] to ! def5dant ,brack 9 ,decemb] #aidj 7,,no-#jah73 8,de> ,brack3 8,i he> !re is great excitem5t on ! ,alb because ( ! in/itution ,graf5eck4 8,! population recognizes ! gray automobile ( ! ,,ss & ?9k !y "k :at is go+ on at ! con/antly smok+ crematory4 ,:at happ5s !re is a secret & yet is no long] "o4 ,?us ! wor/ feel+ has aris5 !re1 & 9 my op9ion !re rema9s only "o ?+1 to discont9ue ! use ( ! in/itution 9 ?is place & 9 any ev5t dissem9ate in=mation 9 a clev] & s5sible mann] by %[+ motion pictures on ! subject ( inh]it$ & m5tal diseases 9 j t locality4 8,may ,i ask = a report z to h[ ! difficult problem 0 solv$40 ,b !re are m fundam5tal matt]s "h4 ,! program did n /ay ev5 )9 ! b\nds ( ! secret ,hitl] au?ority4 ,eu?anasia became m]ely a polite ^w = ! sy/ematic slaught] ( ,jews & _m o!r categories ( p]sons useless or unfri5dly to ! ,nazi regime4 ,! evid5ce be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal prov$ ?is cle>ly1 & ! judgm5t /ates1 & ,i quote3#aa 8,ref]5ce %\ld also be made to ! policy :i* 0 9 exi/5ce 9 ,g]many by ! summ] ( #aidj1 "u :i* all ag$1 insane1 & incurable p1 #8useless eat]s'1 7 transf]r$ to special in/itutions :]e !y 7 kill$1 & _! relatives in=m$ t !y _h di$ f natural causes4 ,! victims 7 n conf9$ to ,g]man citiz5s1 b includ$ =eign labor]s1 :o 7 no long] able to "w1 & 7 !re=e useless to ! ,g]man w> ma*9e4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t at lea/ "s #bge1jjj p 7 kill$ 9 ?is mann] 9 nurs+ homes1 hospitals1 & asylums1 :i* 7 "u ! jurisdiction ( ! def5dant ,frick1 9 8 capacity z ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior4 ,h[ _m =eign work]s 7 includ$ 9 ?is total x has be5 q impossible to det]m9e40 ,i quote "o m p>agraph f ! decision3#ab 8,dur+ ! w> nurs+ homes1 hospitals1 & asylums 9 :i* eu?anasia 0 practic$ z describ$ else:]e 9 ?is judgm5t1 came "u ,frick's jurisdiction4 ,he _h k t insane1 sick & ag$ p1 #8useless eat]s'1 7 be+ sy/ematically put to dea?4 ,compla9ts ( ^! murd]s rea*$ him1 b he did no?+ to /op !m4 ,a report ( ! ,cze*oslovak ,w> ,crimes ,commission e/imat$ t #bge1jjj m5tally defici5t & ag$ p1 = ^: welf>e he 0 responsible1 fell victim to x40 ,z /at$ 9 ! indictm5t1 ! def5dants involv$ 9 ! eu?anasia program s5t _! subord9ates to ! ea/]n occupi$ t]ritories to assi/ 9 ! mass ext]m9ation ( ,jews4 ,?is w be %[n by abundant evid5ce1 includ+ ! foll[+ exc]pt f a lett] f ! def5dant ,brack to ,himml] 9 #aidb f :i* ,i quote a p>agraph3 8,on ! in/ructions ( ,rei*sleit] ,b\hl] ,i plac$ "s ( my m5 at ! disposal ( ,brigadefuehr] ,globocnik to execute 8 special mission4 ,on 8 r5ew$ reque/ ,i h n[ transf]r$ additional p]sonnel4 ,on ?is occasion ,brigadefuehr] ,globocnik /at$ 8 op9ion t ! :ole ,jewi% action %\ld be complet$ z quickly z possible s t "o w\ld n get caught 9 ! middle ( x "o day if "s difficulties %\ld make a /oppage ( ! action necess>y4 ,y y\rself1 ,rei* ,lead]1 h already express$ y\r view1 t "w %\ld progress quickly = reasons ( cam\flage alone40 ,prote/+ ! lawless slaught] :i* ev5 ,himml] s\ght to 8cam\flage01 ! ,bi%op ( ,limburg 9 #aida =esaw t su* insane c>nage spell$ ! d[nfall ( ! ,?ird ,rei*4 7#fae-,,ps47 ,he wrote3 8,& if anybody says t ,g]many _c w9 ! w>1 if !re is yet a j ,god1 ^! expressions are n ! result ( lack ( love = ! ,fa!rl& b ( a deep conc]n = our p4 99 99 99 ,high au?ority z a moral concept has suff]$ a sev]e %ock z a result ( ^! happ5+s40 ,,summ>y ,i h outl9$ ! p>ticul> *>ges aga9/ ! def5dants "u c\nt two1 ?ree1 & f\r ( ! indictm5t2 & ,i h sket*$ ! g5]al nature ( ! evid5ce :i* we w pres5t4 ,b we mu/ n ov]look t ! m$ical exp]im5ts 7 n an assortm5t ( unrelat$ crimes4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y con/itut$ a well-integrat$ crim9al program 9 :i* ! def5dants plann$ & collaborat$ among !mselves & ) o!rs4 ,we h "h1 9 o!r words1 a conspiracy & a common design1 z is *>g$ 9 c\nt "o ( ! indictm5t1 to commit ! crim9al exp]im5ts set =? 9 p>agraphs #f & #aa !re(4 ,!re 0 a common design to discov]1 or improve1 v>i\s m$ical te*niques4 ,!re 0 a common design to utilize = ?is purpose ! unusual res\rces :i* ! def5dants _h at _! disposal1 consi/+ ( numb]less un=tunate victims ( ,nazi conque/ & ,nazi ideology4 ,! def5dants conspir$ & agre$ toge!r to utilize ^! human res\rces = nef>i\s & murd]\s purposes1 & proce$$ to put _! crim9al design into execution4 ,numb]$ among ! c\ntless victims ( ! conspiracy & ! crimes are ,g]mans1 & nationals ( c\ntries ov]run by ,g]many1 & gypsies1 & prison]s ( w>1 & ,jews ( _m nationalities4 ,all ! elem5ts ( a conspiracy to commit ! crimes *>g$ 9 p>agraphs #f & #aa are pres5t & all w be cle>ly e/abli%$ by ! pro(4 ,!re 7 _m co-conspirators :o are n 9 ! dock4 ,among ! plann]s & lead]s ( ?is plot 7 ,conti & ,grawitz1 & ,hippke ^: :]eab\ts is unkn[n4 ,among ! actual execution]s1 ,dr4 ,d+ is dead & ,ras*] is ?\ght to be dead4 ,!re 7 _m o!rs4 ,f9al judgm5t z to ! relative degrees ( guilt among ^? 9 ! dock mu/ await ! pres5tation ( ! pro( 9 detail4 ,nev]!less1 be=e ! introduction ( evid5ce1 x w be helpful to look aga9 at ! def5dants & _! "p 9 ! conspiracy4 ,:at mann] ( m5 are !y1 & :at 0 _! major role8 ,! #bj physicians 9 ! dock range f lead]s ( ,g]man sci5tific m$ic9e1 ) excell5t int]national reputations1 d[n to ! dregs ( ! ,g]man m$ical pr(ession4 ,all ( !m h 9 common a call\s lack ( consid]ation & human reg>d =1 & an unpr9cipl$ will+ness to abuse _! p[] ov] ! poor1 un=tunate1 def5seless creatures :o _h be5 depriv$ ( _! rights by a ru?less & crim9al gov]nm5t4 ,all ( !m violat$ ! ,hippocratic comm&m5ts :i* !y _h solemnly sworn to uphold & abide by1 includ+ ! fundam5tal pr9ciples nev] to d h>m--8primum non noc]e40 ,out/&+ m5 ( sci5ce1 di/+ui%$ = _! sci5tific ability 9 ,g]many & abroad1 are ! def5dants ,ro/ock & ,rose4 ,bo? exemplify1 9 _! tra9+ & practice alike1 ! highe/ traditions ( ,g]man m$ic9e4 ,ro/ock head$ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,surg]y at ! ,univ]sity ( ,b]l9 & s]v$ z dean ( its m$ical s*ool4 ,rose /udi$ "u ! fam\s surgeon1 ,end]l51 at ,heidelb]g & !n became a di/+ui%$ speciali/ 9 ! fields ( public heal? & tropical diseases4 ,h&los] & ,s*ro$] are out/&+ m$ical adm9i/rators4 ,bo? ( !m made _! c>e]s 9 milit>y m$ic9e & rea*$ ! peak ( _! pr(ession4 ,five m def5dants are mu* y\ng] m5 :o are nev]!less already kn[n z ! possessors ( consid]able sci5tific ability1 or capacity 9 m$ical adm9i/ration4 ,^! include ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,ruff1 ,beiglboeck1 ,s*aef]1 & ,beck]-,freys5g4 ,a numb] ( ! o!rs su* z ,romb]g & ,fis*] are well tra9$1 & sev]al ( !m atta9$ high pr(essional position4 ,b among ! rema9d] few 7 kn[n z out/&+ sci5tific m54 ,among !m at ! foot ( ! li/ is ,blome :o has publi%$ 8 autobiography entitl$ 8,embattl$ ,doctor0 9 :i* he sets =? t he ev5tually decid$ to become a doctor because a m$ical c>e] w\ld enable him to become 8ma/] ov] life & dea?40 ,! "p t ea* ( ^! #bj physicians & _! #c lay accomplices play$ 9 ! conspiracy & its execution corresponds closely to 8 pr(essional int]e/s & 8 place 9 ! hi]>*y ( ! ,?ird ,rei* z %[n 9 ! *>t4 ,! motivat+ =ce = ?is conspiracy came f two pr9cipal s\rces4 ,himml]1 z head ( ! ,,ss1 a mo/ t]rible ma*9e ( oppression ) va/ res\rces1 c\ld provide numb]less victims = ! exp]im5ts4 ,by do+ s1 he enhanc$ ! pre/ige ( 8 organization & 0 able to give free re9 to ! ,nazi racial !ories ( :i* he 0 a lead+ protagoni/ & to develop new te*niques = ! mass ext]m9ations :i* 7 de> to 8 he>t4 ,! ,g]man milit>y lead]s1 z ! o!r ma9 driv+ =ce1 caught up ! opportunity :i* ,himml] pres5t$ !m ) & ru?lessly capitaliz$ on ,himml]'s hide\s ov]tures 9 an endeavor to /r5g!n _! milit>y ma*9e4 ,& s ! inf]nal drama 0 play$ j z x _h be5 conceiv$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! au?ors4 ,special problems :i* confront$ ! ,g]man milit>y or civilian au?orities 71 on ! ord]s ( ! m$ical lead]s1 submitt$ = solution 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,?us we f9d ,k>l ,br&t /imulat+ ! epidemic jaundice exp]im5ts1 ,s*ro$] dem&+ 8#dj heal?y exp]im5tal subjects0 = ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts1 ,h&los] provid+ ! impetus = ,d+'s fe>ful typhus rese>*es1 & ,mil* & ,hippke at ! root ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,"u ,himml]'s au?ority1 ! m$ical lead]s ( ! ,,ss--,grawitz1 ,g5zk51 ,gebh>dt1 & o!rs--set ! :eels 9 motion4 ,!y arrang$ = ! procurem5t ( victims ?r\gh o!r bran*es ( ! ,,ss1 & gave directions to _! und]l+s 9 ! ,,ss m$ical s]vice su* z ,hov5 & ,fis*]4 ,himml]'s adm9i/rative assi/ants1 ,siev]s & ,rudolf ,br&t1 pass$ on ! ,himml] ord]s1 gave a pu% "h & a %ove !re1 & kept ! ma*9]y oil$4 ,blome & ,brack assi/$ f ! side ( ! civilian & p>ty au?orities4 ,! ,wehrma*t provid$ sup]vision & te*nical assi/ance = ^? exp]im5ts 9 :i* x 0 mo/ int]e/$4 ,a l[-pressure *amb] 0 furni%$ = ! high-altitude te/s1 ! s]vices ( ,weltz1 ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,ras*] = ! high-altitude & freez+ exp]im5ts1 & ^? ( ,beck]-,freys5g1 ,s*aef]1 & ,beiglboeck = sea-wat]4 ,9 ! important b s9i/] typhus rese>*es1 ! em95t ,dr4 ,rose appe>$ = ! ,luftwaffe to give exp]t guidance to ,d+4 ,! prop] /eps 7 tak5 to insure t ! results 7 made available to ^? :o ne$$ to "k4 ,annual meet+s ( ! consult+ physicians ( ! ,wehrma*t held "u ,h&los]'s direction 7 favor$ ) lectures on "s ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,! report on ! high-altitude exp]im5t 0 s5t to ,field ,m>%al ,mil*1 & a mov+ picture ab\t !m 0 %[n at ! ,air ,m9i/ry 9 ,b]l94 ,weltz spoke on ! effects ( freez+ at a m$ical conf]5ce 9 ,nu]nb]g1 ! same symposium at :i* ,ras*] & o!rs pass$ on _! devili% k4 ,!re c\ld1 we submit1 be no cle>] pro( ( conspiracy4 ,?is 0 ! m$ical s]vice ( ! ,?ird ,rei* at "w4 ,among ! def5dants 9 ! box sit ! surviv+ lead]s ( t s]vice4 ,we w ask ! ,tribunal to det]m9e t nei!r sci5tific em95ce nor sup]ficial respectability %all %ield !m aga9/ ! fe>ful consequ5ces ( ! ord]s !y gave4 ,i int5d to pass v briefly ov] matt]s ( m$ical e?ics1 su* z ! conditions "u :i* a physician may lawfully p]=m a m$ical exp]im5t ^u a p]son :o has volunt>ily subject$ himself to x1 or :e!r exp]im5ts may lawfully be p]=m$ ^u crim9als :o h be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,?is case does n pres5t su* problems4 ,no ref9$ que/ions confront u "h4 ,none ( ! victims ( ! atrocities p]petrat$ by ^! def5dants 7 volunte]s1 & ?is is true reg>dless ( :at ^! un=tunate p may h said or sign$ be=e _! tortures began4 ,mo/ ( ! victims _h n be5 condemn$ to dea?1 & ^? :o _h be5 7 n crim9als1 unless x be a crime to be a ,jew1 or a ,pole1 or a gypsy1 or a ,russian prison] ( w>4 ,:atev] book or treatise on m$ical e?ics we may exam9e1 & :atev] exp]t on =5sic m$ic9e we may "q1 w say t x is a fundam5tal & inescapable obligation ( e physician "u any kn[n sy/em ( law n to p]=m a dang]\s exp]im5t )\t ! subject's cons5t4 ,9 ! tyranny t 0 ,nazi ,g]many1 no "o c\ld give su* a cons5t to ! m$ical ag5ts ( ! ,/ate2 ev]yone liv$ 9 fe> & act$ "u duress4 ,i f]v5tly hope t none ( u "h 9 ! c\rtroom w h to suff] 9 sil5ce :ile x is said on ! "p ( ^! def5dants t ! wret*$ & helpless p :om !y froze & dr[n$ & burn$ & poison$ 7 volunte]s4 ,if su* a %ameless lie is spok5 "h1 we ne$ only rememb] ! f\r girls :o 7 tak5 f ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp & made to lie nak$ ) ! froz5 & all b dead ,jews :o surviv$ ,dr4 ,ras*]'s tank ( ice wat]4 ,"o ( ^! wom51 ^: hair & eyes & figure 7 pleas+ to ,dr4 ,ras*]1 :5 ask$ by him :y %e _h volunte]$ = su* a task1 repli$1 8r half a ye> 9 a bro!l ?an half a ye> 9 a conc5tration camp40 ,7 x necess>y1 "o c\ld make a long li/ ( ! respects 9 :i* ! exp]im5ts :i* ^! def5dants p]=m$ dep>t$ f e kn[n /&>d ( m$ical e?ics4 ,b ! gulf betwe5 ^! atrocities & s]i\s rese>* 9 ! heal+ art is s pat5t t su* a tabulation w\ld be cynical4 ,we ne$ look no fur!r ?an ! law :i* ! ,nazis !mselves pass$ on ! #bd? ( ,novemb] #aich = ! protection ( animals4 ,?is law /ates explicitly t x is design$ to prev5t cruelty & indiff]5ce ( man t[>ds animals & to awak5 & develop sympa?y & und]/&+ = animals z "o ( ! highe/ moral values ( a p4 ,! s\l ( ! ,g]man p %\ld abhor ! pr9ciple ( m]e utility )\t consid]ation ( ! moral aspects4 ,! law /ates fur!r t all op]ations or treatm5ts :i* are associat$ ) pa9 or injury1 especially exp]im5ts involv+ ! use ( cold1 heat1 or infection1 are prohibit$1 & c be p]mitt$ only "u special exceptional circum/ances4 ,special writt5 au?orization by ! head ( ! dep>tm5t is necess>y 9 e case1 & exp]im5t]s are prohibit$ f p]=m+ exp]im5ts accord+ to _! own free judgm5t4 ,exp]im5ts = ! purpose ( tea*+ mu/ be r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,m$ico-legal te/s1 vacc9ations1 )drawal ( blood = diagno/ic purposes1 & trial ( vacc9es prep>$ accord+ to well-e/abli%$ sci5tific pr9ciples are p]mitt$1 b ! animals h to be kill$ imm$iately & pa9lessly aft] su* exp]im5ts4 ,individual physicians are n p]mitt$ to use dogs to increase _! surgical skill by su* practices4 ,national ,socialism reg>ds x z a sacr$ duty ( ,g]man sci5ce to keep d[n ! numb] ( pa9ful animal exp]im5ts to a m9imum4 ,if ! pr9ciples ann\nc$ 9 ?is law _h be5 foll[$ = human be+s z well1 ?is indictm5t w\ld nev] h be5 fil$4 ,x is p]haps ! deepe/ %ame ( ! def5dants t x probably nev] ev5 occurr$ to !m t human be+s %\ld be treat$ ) at lea/ equal humanity4 ,?is case is "o ( ! simple/ & cle>e/ ( ^? t w be tri$ 9 ?is build+4 ,x is also "o ( ! mo/ important4 ,x is true t ! def5dants 9 ! box 7 n among ! highe/ lead]s ( ! ,?ird ,rei*4 ,!y are n ! w> lords :o assembl$ & drove ! ,g]man milit>y ma*9e1 nor ! indu/rial b>ons :o made ! p>ts1 nor ! ,nazi politicians :o debas$ & brutaliz$ ! m9ds ( ! ,g]man p4 ,b ?is case1 p]haps m ?an any o!r we w try1 epitomizes ,nazi ?\ght & ! ,nazi way ( life1 because ^! def5dants pursue ! savage premises ( ,nazi ?\ght s f>4 ,! ?+s t ^! def5dants did1 l s _m o!r ?+s t happ5$ "u ! ,?ird ,rei*1 7 ! result ( ! noxi\s m]g] ( ,g]man milit>ism & ,nazi racial objectives4 ,we w see ! results ( ?is m]g] 9 _m o!r fields ( ,g]man life2 we see x "h 9 ! field ( m$ic9e4 ,g]many surr5d]$ h]self to ?is f\l conjunction ( evil =ces4 ,! nation fell victim to ! ,nazi sc\rge because its lead]s lack$ ! wisdom to =esee ! consequ5ces & ! c\rage to /& firm 9 ! face ( ?reats4 ,_! failure 0 ! inevitable outcome ( t s9i/] und]curr5t ( ,g]man philosophy :i* prea*es ! supreme importance ( ! /ate & ! complete subord9ation ( ! individual4 ,a nation 9 :i* ! individual means no?+ w f9d few lead]s c\rage\s & able en\gh to s]ve its be/ int]e/s4 ,individual ,g]mans did inde$ give w>n+ ( :at 0 9 /ore1 & ,g]man doctors & sci5ti/s 7 numb]$ among ! c\rage\s few4 ,at a meet+ ( ,bav>ian psy*iatri/s held 9 ,muni* 9 #aica1 :5 ! poison\s doctr9es ( ! ,nazis 7 already sweep+ ,g]many1 !re 0 a discussion ( m]cy kill+s & /]ilization1 & ! ,nazi views on ^! matt]s1 ) :i* we are n[ famili>1 7 advanc$4 ,a ,g]man pr(essor nam$ ,oswald ,bumke rose & made a reply m eloqu5t & prophetic ?an anyone c\ld h possibly realiz$ at ! "t4 ,he said3 8,i %\ld l to make two additional rem>ks4 ,"o ( !m is1 please = ,god's sake leave our pres5t f9ancial ne$s out ( all ^! consid]ations4 ,?is is a problem :i* conc]ns ! entire future ( our p1 inde$1 "o may say )\t be+ ov]-emotional ab\t x1 ! entire future ( humanity4 ,"o %\ld approa* ?is problem nei!r f ! po9t ( view ( our pres5t sci5tific op9ion nor f ! po9t ( view ( ! /ill m ephem]al economic crises4 ,if by /]ilization we c prev5t ! occurr5ce ( m5tal disease !n we %\ld c]ta9ly d x1 n 9 ord] to save money = ! gov]nm5t b because e case ( m5tal disease means inf9ite suff]+ to ! pati5t & to 8 relatives4 ,b to introduce economic po9ts ( view is n only inappropriate b outright dang]\s because ! logical consequ5ce ( ! ?\ght t = f9ancial reasons all ^! human be+s1 :o c\ld be disp5s$ ) = ! mom5t1 %\ld be ext]m9at$1 is a q mon/r\s logical conclusion2 we w\ld !n h to put to dea? n only ! m5tally sick & ! psy*opa?ic p]sonalities b all ! crippl$ includ+ ! disabl$ vet]ans1 all old maids :o d n "w1 all wid[s ^: *ildr5 h complet$ _! education1 & all ^? :o live on _! income or draw p5sions4 ,t w\ld c]ta9ly save a lot ( money b ! probability is t we w n d x4 8,! second po9t ( advice is to use utmo/ re/ra9t1 at lea/ until ! political atmosph]e "h 9 ?is c\ntry %all h improv$1 & sci5tific !ories conc]n+ h]$ity & race c no long] be abus$ = political purposes4 ,because1 if ! discussion ab\t /]ilization today is c>ri$ into ! ar5a ( political conte/1 !n pretty soon we w no long] he> ab\t ! m5tally sick b1 in/ead1 ab\t ,aryans & non-,aryans1 ab\t ! blonde ,g]manic race & ab\t inf]ior p ) r\nd skulls4 ,t any?+ useful c\ld come f t is c]ta9ly improbable2 b sci5ce 9 g5]al & g5ealogy & eug5ics 9 p>ticul> w\ld suff] an injury :i* c\ld n easily be repair$ aga940 ,i said at ! outset ( ?is /atem5t t ! ,?ird ,rei* di$ ( its own poison4 ,?is case is a /rik+ demon/ration n only ( ! trem5d\s degradation ( ,g]man m$ical e?ics :i* ,nazi doctr9e br\ght ab\t1 b ( ! und]m9+ ( ! m$ical art & ?w>t+ ( ! te*niques :i* ! def5dants s\ght to employ4 ,! ,nazis h1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 succe$$ 9 conv9c+ ! peoples ( ! _w t ! ,nazi sy/em1 al?\gh ru?less1 0 absolutely effici5t2 t al?\gh savage1 x 0 completely sci5tific2 t al?\gh entirely devoid ( humanity1 x 0 highly sy/ematic--t 8x got ?+s done40 ,! evid5ce :i* ?is ,tribunal w he> w explode ?is my?4 ,! ,nazi me?ods ( inve/igation 7 ineffici5t & unsci5tific1 & _! te*niques ( rese>* 7 unsy/ematic4 ,^! exp]im5ts reveal$ no?+ :i* civiliz$ m$ic9e c use4 ,x 01 inde$1 asc]ta9$ t ph5ol or gasol9e inject$ intrav5\sly w kill a man inexp5sively & )9 #fj seconds4 ,?is & a few o!r 8advances0 are all 9 ! field ( ?anatology4 ,!re is no d\bt t a numb] ( ^! new me?ods may be useful to crim9als ev]y:]e & !re is no d\bt t !y may be useful to a crim9al /ate4 ,c]ta9 advance 9 de/ructive me?odology we _c d5y1 & inde$ f ,himml]'s /&po9t ?is may well h be5 ! pr9cipal objective4 ,ap>t f ^! deadly fruits1 ! exp]im5ts 7 n only crim9al b a sci5tific failure4 ,x is inde$ z if a j deity _h %r\d$ ! solutions :i* !y attempt$ to rea* ) murd]\s means4 ,! moral %ortcom+s ( ! def5dants & ! precipit\s ease ) :i* !y decid$ to commit murd] 9 que/ ( 8sci5tific results01 dull$ also t sci5tific hesitancy1 t ?or\gh ?9k+-?r\gh1 t responsible weigh+ ( e s+le /ep :i* alone c insure sci5tifically valid results4 ,ev5 if !y _h m]ely be5 =c$ to pay z little z two doll>s = human exp]im5tal subjects1 su* z ,am]ican inve/igators may h to pay = a cat1 !y might h ?\ght twice be=e wa/+ unnecess>y numb]s1 & ?\ght ( simpl] & bett] ways to solve _! problems4 ,! fact t ^! inve/igators _h free & unre/rict$ access to human be+s to be exp]im5t$ ^u misl$ !m to ! dang]\s & fallaci\s conclusion t ! results w\ld ?us be bett] & m quickly obta9able ?an if !y _h gone ?r\gh ! labor ( prep>ation1 ?9k+1 & meticul\s pre9ve/igation4 ,a p>ticul>ly /rik+ example is ! sea-wat] exp]im5t4 ,i believe t ?ree ( ! accus$--,s*aef]1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 & ,beiglboeck--w today admit t ?is problem c\ld h be5 solv$ simply & def9itively )9 ! space ( "o aft]noon4 ,on #bj ,may #aidd :5 ^! accus$ conv5$ to discuss ! problem1 a ?9k+ *emi/ c\ld h solv$ x "r 9 ! pres5ce ( ! assembly )9 ! space ( a few h\rs by ! use ( no?+ m gruesome ?an a piece ( jelly1 a semi-p]meable membrane & a salt solution1 & ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces w\ld h _h ! answ] on #ba ,may #aidd4 ,b :at happ5$ in/ead8 ,! va/ armies ( ! dis5fran*is$ slaves 7 at ! beck & call ( ?is s9i/] assembly2 & in/ead ( ?9k+1 !y simply reli$ on _! p[] ov] human be+s r5d]$ rightless by a crim9al /ate & gov]nm5t4 ,:at "t1 ef=t1 & /aff did x take to get t ma*9]y 9 motion6 ,lett]s _h to be writt51 physicians1 ( :om dire %ortage exi/$ 9 ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces ^: soldi]s w5t poorly att5d$1 _h to be tak5 out ( hospital positions & dispat*$ hundr$s ( miles away to obta9 ! answ] :i* %\ld h be5 kn[n 9 a few h\rs1 b :i* ?us did n become available to ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces until aft] ! completion ( ! gruesome %[1 & until #db p _h be5 subject$ to ! tortures ( ! damn$1 ! v tortures :i* ,greek my?ology _h res]v$ = ,tantalus4 ,9 %ort1 ?is conspiracy 0 a gha/ly failure z well z a hide\s crime4 ,! creep+ p>alysis ( ,nazi sup]/ition spread ?r\gh ! ,g]man m$ical pr(ession &1 j z x de/roy$ "* & morals1 x dull$ ! m9d4 ,guilt = ! oppressions & crimes ( ! ,?ird ,rei* is widespread1 b x is ! guilt ( ! lead]s t is deepe/ & mo/ culpable4 ,:o c\ld ,g]man m$ic9e look to to keep ! pr(ession true to its traditions & protect x f ! ravag+ inroads ( ,nazi pseudo-sci5ce8 ,?is 0 ! supreme responsibility ( ! lead]s ( ,g]man m$ic9e--m5 l ,ro/ock & ,rose & ,s*ro$] & ,h&los]4 ,t is :y _! guilt is great] ?an t ( any ( ! o!r def5dants 9 ! dock4 ,!y are ! m5 :o utt]ly fail$ _! c\ntry & _! pr(ession1 :o %[$ nei!r c\rage nor wisdom nor ! ve/iges ( moral "*4 ,x is _! failure1 toge!r ) ! failure ( ! lead]s ( ,g]many 9 o!r walks ( life1 t debau*$ ,g]many & l$ to h] defeat4 ,x is because ( !m & o!rs l !m t we all live 9 a /rick5 _w4 ----- #g ,tr4 pp4 #ab-gd4 #h ,?is *>t is conta9$ 9 ,section ,,vi1 ,organization ( ! ,g]man ,m$ical ,s]vice1 ,,no-#fde1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #c1 p4 #ia4 #i ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bfi1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #aj ,ibid41 p4 #bga4 #aa ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol ,i1 p4 #bdg1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #ab ,ibid41 p4 #cja4 ,v4 ,,introductory ,,/atem5t ,,on ,,! ,,pres5tation ,,( ,,evid5ce ,,made ,,by ,,! ,,prosecution1 #aj ,,decemb] #aidfac ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,may x please ! ,tribunal3 ,be=e any evid5ce is pres5t$1 x is my purpose to %[ ! process :]eby docum5ts h be5 procur$ & process$ 9 ord] to be pres5t$ 9 evid5ce by ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i %all also describe & illu/rate ! plan ( pres5t+ docum5ts to be foll[$ by ! prosecution 9 ?is case4 ,:5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army ent]$ ,g]man t]ritory x _h specializ$ milit>y p]sonnel ^: duties 7 to capture & pres]ve enemy docum5ts1 records1 & ar*ives4 ,su* docum5ts 7 assembl$ 9 tempor>y docum5t c5t]s4 ,lat] ea* ,army e/abli%$ fix$ docum5t c5t]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,zone ( ,occupation :]e _! docum5ts 7 assembl$ & ! sl[ process ( index+ & catalog+ 0 begun4 ,c]ta9 ( ^! docum5t c5t]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,zone ( ,occupation h s9ce be5 clos$ & ! docum5ts assembl$ !re s5t to o!r docum5t c5t]s4 ,:5 ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal 0 set up1 field teams "u ! direction ( ,major ,william ,h4 ,coogan 7 organiz$ & s5t out to ! v>i\s docum5t c5t]s4 ,great masses ( ,g]man docum5ts & records 7 scre5$ & exam9$4 ,^? select$ 7 s5t to ,nu]nb]g to be process$4 ,^! orig9al docum5ts 7 !n giv5 trial id5tification numb]s 9 "o ( five s]ies designat$ by ! lett]s3 8,,ps01 8,l01 8,r01 8,c01 & 8,,ec01 indicat+ ! means ( acquisition ( ! docum5ts4 ,)9 ea* s]ies1 docum5ts 7 li/$ num]ically4 ,! prosecution 9 ?is case %all h occasion to introduce 9 evid5ce docum5ts process$ "u ! direction ( ,major ,coogan4 ,"s ( ^! docum5ts 7 introduc$ 9 evid5ce be=e ! ,,imt & "s 7 n4 ,z to ^? :i* 71 ?is ,tribunal is requir$ by ,article ,,xx ( ,ord9ance ,no4 #g to take judicial notice !re(4 ,h[ev]1 9 ord] to simplify ! proc$ure1 we w introduce photo/atic copies ( docum5ts us$ 9 ,case ,no4 #a be=e ! ,,imt to :i* w be atta*$ a c]tificate by ,mr4 ,fr$ ,nieb]gall1 ! ,*ief ( our ,docum5t ,control ,bran*1 c]tify+ t su* docum5t 0 introduc$ 9 evid5ce be=e ! ,,imt & t ! photo/at is a true & correct copy !re(4 ,su* docum5ts h be5 & w be made available to def5dants j z 9 ! case ( any o!r docum5t4 ,z to ^? docum5ts process$ "u ! direction ( ,major ,coogan :i* 7 n us$ 9 ! case be=e ! ,,imt1 !y are au!nticat$ by ! affidavit ( ,major ,coogan dat$ #ai ,novemb] #aide4 ,?is affidavit s]v$ z ! basis ( au!ntication ( sub/antially all docum5ts us$ by ! ,(fice ( ,*ief ( ,c\nsel be=e ! ,,imt4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 t trial z ,,usa ,exhibit #a4 ,s9ce we w use c]ta9 docum5ts process$ = ! ,,imt trial1 ,i w\ld n[ l to introduce z ,prosecution ,exhibit #a ! ,coogan affidavit1#ad 9 ord] to au!nticate su* docum5ts4 ,?is affidavit expla9s ! mann] 9 & means by :i* captur$ ,g]man docum5ts 7 process$ = use 9 w> crimes trials4 ,i %all n burd5 ! c\rt ) read+ x z x is sub/antially ! same z ! affidavit ( ,mr4 ,nieb]gall to :i* ,i %all come 9 a mom5t4 ,i h ?us f> expla9$ ! mann] ( au!nticat+ docum5ts to be us$ 9 ?is case :i* 7 process$ "u ! direction ( ,major ,coogan4 ,i n[ come to ! au!ntication ( docum5ts process$ n = ! ,,imt trial1 b = subsequ5t trials su* z ?is "o4 ,^! docum5ts are au!nticat$ by ! affidavit ( ,mr4 ,nieb]gall :i* ,i (f] 9 evid5ce z ,prosecution ,exhibit #b4 ,s9ce ?is affidavit expla9s ! proc$ure ( process+ docum5ts by ! ,(fice ( ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes1 ,i %all read x 9 full3 8,i1 ,fr$ ,nieb]gall1 ,,ago1 ,d-#aejfcf1 ( ! ,(fice ( ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes1 d h]eby c]tify z foll[s3 #a4 ,i 0 appo9t$ ,*ief ( ! ,docum5t ,control ,bran*1 ,evid5ce ,division1 ,(fice ( ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes 7h]e9aft] ref]r$ to z #8,,occ'7 on #b ,octob] #aidf4 #b4 ,i h s]v$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,army = m ?an #e ye>s1 be+ dis*>g$ z a #a/ ,lieut5ant1 ,infantry1 on #bi ,octob] #aidf4 ,i am n[ a ,res]ve (fic] ) ! rank ( #a/ ,lieut5ant 9 ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,bas$ ^u my exp]i5ce z a ,unit$ ,/ates ,army (fic]1 ,i am famili> ) ! op]ation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army 9 connection ) seiz+ & process+ captur$ enemy docum5ts4 ,i s]v$ z ,*ief ( ,translations = ,,occ f #bi ,july #aide until ,decemb] #aide1 :5 ,i 0 appo9t$ liaison (fic] betwe5 ,def5se ,c\nsel & ,translation ,division ( ,,occ z assi/ant to ! executive (fic] ( ! ,translation ,division4 ,9 my capacity z ,*ief ( ! ,docum5t ,control ,bran*1 ,evid5ce ,division1 ,,occ1 ,i am famili> ) ! process+1 fil+1 translation1 & photo/at+ ( docum5t>y evid5ce = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,*ief ( ,c\nsel4 #c4 ,z ! ,army ov]ran ,g]man occupi$ t]ritory & !n ,g]many itself1 c]ta9 specializ$ p]sonnel seiz$ enemy docum5ts1 records & ar*ives4 ,su* docum5ts 7 assembl$ 9 tempor>y c5t]s4 ,lat] fix$ docum5t c5t]s 7 e/abli%$ 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria :]e ^! docum5ts 7 assembl$ & ! sl[ process ( index+ & catalog+ 0 begun4 ,c]ta9 ( ^! docum5t c5t]s h s9ce be5 clos$ & ! docum5ts assembl$ !re s5t to o!r docum5t c5t]s4 #d4 ,9 prep>+ = ! trial be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal 7h]e9aft] ref]r$ to z #8,,imt'7 a great numb] ( orig9al docum5ts1 photo/ats1 & micr(ilms 7 collect$ at ,nu]nb]g1 ,g]many4 ,major ,coogan's affidavit ( #ai ,novemb] #aide describes ! proc$ures foll[$4 ,^u my appo9tm5t z ,*ief ( ! ,docum5t ,control ,bran*1 ,evid5ce ,division1 ,,occ1 ,i receiv$ cu/ody1 9 ! c\rse ( (ficial bus9ess1 ( all ^! docum5ts except ! ones :i* 7 introduc$ into evid5ce 9 ! ,,imt trial & are n[ 9 ! ,,imt ,docum5t ,room 9 ,nu]nb]g4 ,same h be5 scre5$1 process$1 & regi/]$ 9 accordance ) ,major ,coogan's affidavit4 ,! unregi/]$ docum5ts rema9+ h be5 scre5$1 process$1 & regi/]$ = use 9 trials be=e ,milit>y ,tribunals sub/antially 9 ! same way z describ$ bel[4 #e4 ,9 prep>+ = trials subsequ5t to ! ,,imt trial p]sonnel ?or\ghly conv]sant ) ! ,g]man language 7 giv5 ! task ( se>*+ = & select+ captur$ enemy docum5ts :i* disclos$ in=mation relat+ to ! prosecution ( ,axis w> crim9als4 ,lawy]s & rese>* analy/s 7 plac$ on duty at v>i\s docum5t c5t]s & also dispat*$ on individual missions to obta9 orig9al docum5ts or c]tifi$ photo/ats !re(4 ,! docum5ts 7 scre5$ by ,g]man speak+ analy/s to det]m9e :e!r or n !y might be valuable z evid5ce4 ,photo/atic copies 7 !n made ( ! orig9al docum5ts & ! orig9al docum5ts return$ to ! files 9 ! docum5t c5t]s4 ,^! photo/atic copies 7 c]tifi$ by ! analy/s to be true & correct copies ( ! orig9al docum5ts4 ,g]man-speak+ analy/s ei!r at ! docum5t c5t] or 9 ,nu]nb]g1 !n prep>$ a summ>y ( ! docum5t ) appropriate ref]5ces to p]sonalities involv$1 index head+s1 in=mation z to ! s\rce ( ! docum5t1 & ! importance ( ! docum5ts to a p>ticul> division ( ,,occ4 #f4 ,next1 ! orig9al docum5t or c]tifi$ photo/atic copy 0 =w>d$ to ! ,docum5t ,control ,bran*1 ,evid5ce ,division1 ,,occ4 ,^u receipt ( ^! docum5ts1 !y 7 duly record$ & index$ & giv5 id5tification numb]s 9 "o ( six s]ies designat$ by ! lett]s #8,,no1' #8,,ni1' #8,,nm1' #8,,nokw1' #8,,ng1' & #8,,np1' indicat+ ! p>ticul> ,division ( ,,occ :i* might be mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! individual docum5ts4 ,)9 ea* s]ies docum5ts 7 li/$ num]ically4 #g4 ,9 ! case ( ! receipt ( orig9al docum5ts1 photo/atic copies 7 made4 ,^u return f ! photo/at room1 ! orig9al docum5ts 7 plac$ 9 envelopes 9 firepro( safes 9 ! docum5t room4 ,9 ! case ( ! receipt ( c]tifi$ photo/atic copies ( docum5ts1 ! c]tifi$ photo/atic copies 7 treat$ 9 ! same mann] z orig9al docum5ts4 #h4 ,all orig9al docum5ts or c]tifi$ photo/atic copies treat$ z orig9als are n[ locat$ 9 safes 9 ! docum5t room1 :]e !y w be secur$ until !y are pres5t$ by ! prosecution to a c\rt dur+ ! progress ( a trial4 #i4 ,!re=e1 ,i c]tify 9 my (ficial capacity z h]e9above /at$1 t all docum5t>y evid5ce reli$ ^u by ,,occ is 9 ! same condition z :5 captur$ by milit>y =ces "u ! comm& ( ! ,supreme ,comm&]1 ,alli$ ,exp$ition>y ,=ces2 t !y h be5 translat$ by compet5t qualifi$ translators2 t all photo/atic copies are true & correct copies ( ! orig9als1 & t !y h be5 correctly fil$1 numb]$1 & process$ z above outl9$4 ,sign$ ,,fr$ ,,nieb]gall40 ,! ,nieb]gall affidavit is 9 sub/ance ! same z ! ,coogan affidavit :i* 0 accept$ by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal z suffici5t au!ntication ( docum5ts us$ 9 ,case ,no4 #a4 ,h[ev]1 9 addition to ^! affidavits1 ! prosecution 9 ?is case w atta* to ea* docum5t submitt$ 9 evid5ce1 o!r ?an self-prov+ docum5ts su* z affidavits sign$ by ! def5dants1 a c]tificate sign$ by an employee ( ! ,evid5ce ,division ( ! ,(fice ( ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes1 read+1 = example1 z foll[s3 8,i1 ,donald ,sp5c]1 ( ! ,evid5ce ,division ( ! ,(fice ( ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes1 h]eby c]tify t ! atta*$ docum5t1 consi/+ ( "o photo/at$ page & entitl$1 #8,lett] f ,john ,doe to ,ri*>d ,rod1 dat$ #ai ,june #aidc1' is ! orig9al ( a docum5t :i* 0 deliv]$ to me 9 my above capacity1 9 ! usual c\rse ( (ficial bus9ess1 z a true copy ( a docum5t f\nd 9 ,g]man ar*ives1 records1 & files captur$ by milit>y =ces "u ! comm& ( ! ,supreme ,comm&]1 ,alli$ ,exp$ition>y ,=ces4 8,to ! be/ ( my k1 in=mation1 & belief1 ! orig9al docum5t is at ! ,b]l9 ,docum5t ,c5t]40 ,s mu* = ! au!ntication ( docum5ts to be pres5t$ 9 ?is trial4 ,i turn n[ briefly to ! di/ribution ( docum5ts :i* we w use4 ,! prosecution made available to ! ,def5dants' ,in=mation ,c5t] approximately a week ago ?ree photo/atic copies ( ! great bulk ( ! docum5ts :i* w be us$ 9 our case-9-*ief4 ,^! docum5ts are ( c\rse 9 ,g]man4 ,9 addition1 ! prosecution has prep>$ docum5t books 9 bo? ,g]man & ,engli% :i* conta91 = ! mo/ "p1 mimeograph$ copies ( ! docum5ts1 arrang$ sub/antially 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y w be pres5t$ 9 ?is c\rt4 ,ea* docum5t book conta9s an index giv+ ! docum5t numb]1 description1 & page numb]4 ,a space is also provid$ = writ+ 9 ! index numb]4 ,twelve (ficial copies ( ! ,g]man docum5t books w be fil$ 9 ! ,def5dants' ,in=mation ,c5t] at lea/ #bd h\rs prior to ! "t t p>ticul> mat]ial w be introduc$ 9 c\rt4 ,9 addition1 def5se c\nsel w receive sev5 s-call$ un(ficial ,g]man docum5t books1 :i* w conta9 mimeograph$ copies prep>$ prim>ily = ! ,g]man ,press4 ,six (ficial copies ( ! ,g]man docum5t books w be pres5t$ to ! ,tribunal--"o = ea* ( ! ,ju/ices on ! b5* & "o = ! ,secret>y ,g5]al4 ,two ( su* docum5t books w conta9 photo/atic copies 9 ord] t ! ,tribunal may f "t to "t ref] to ! orig9al4 ,docum5t books w also be made available to ! ,g]man int]pret]s & c\rt report]s4 ,! ,engli% docum5t books w conta9 c]tifi$ translations ( ! docum5ts 9 ! ,g]man docum5t books4 ,! docum5ts w be numb]$ & index$ id5tically 9 bo? ! ,engli% & ,g]man v]sions4 ,! ,def5dants' ,in=mation ,c5t] w receive f\r copies ( ! ,engli% docum5t books at ! same "t ! correspond+ ,g]man docum5t book is deliv]$4 ,a repres5tative gr\p ( ! def5se attorneys h agre$ t f\r ( ! ,engli% docum5t books are suffici5t to meet _! ne$s4 ,! ,tribunal w receive six ,engli% docum5t books & suffici5t copies w also be made available to ! int]pret]s & c\rt report]s4 ,copies ( all docum5ts introduc$ 9 evid5ce w !reaft] be made available to ! press4 ,! prosecution w sometimes h occasion to use docum5ts :i* h j be5 discov]$ & are n 9 docum5t books4 ,9 su* cases we w try to h copies 9 ! ,def5dants' ,in=mation ,c5t] a reasonable "t 9 advance ( _! use 9 c\rt4 ,n[1 ,i mu/ po9t out to y\r ,honors1 & ,i d s )\t any emb>rassm5t1 t !re w surely be "s in/ances dur+ ! c\rse ( ?is trial :5 ! prosecution fails to comply ) "o or ! o!r ( ! c\rt's rul+s 9 view ( ! fact t few ( our p]sonnel "h 7 able to obta9 exp]i5ce & tra9+ 9 ! te*nicalities 9 ! c\rse ( ,case ,no4 #a be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 b be t z x may1 we %all con/antly endeavor to pres5t our case z fairly1 z cle>ly1 & z exp$iti\sly z is humanly possible4 ,! prosecution1 :5 pres5t+ a docum5t 9 ,c\rt1 w physically h& ! orig9al1 or ! c]tifi$ photo/atic copy s]v+ z ! orig9al1 to ! cl]k ( ! ,tribunal1 & give ! docum5t a prosecution exhibit numb]4 ,9 ! ,,imt trial1 ! usual practice1 to :i* !re 7 _m exceptions1 0 t only ^? docum5ts or portions ( docum5ts :i* _h be5 read al\d 9 ,c\rt 7 consid]$ to be 9 evid5ce & "p ( ! record4 ,n[ ?is 0 due to ! fact t ! ,,imt trial 0 conduct$ 9 f\r languages & only ?r\gh t me?od 7 translations 9 all f\r languages ord9>ily available4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,,imt rul$ sev]al times1 = example on #ag ,decemb] #aide1 t docum5ts :i* _h be5 translat$ into all f\r languages & made available to def5se c\nsel 9 ! ,def5dants' ,in=mation ,c5t] 7 admissible 9 evid5ce )\t be+ read 9 full4 ,! prosecution believ$ t1 "u ! circum/ances ( ?is trial1 :i* w be conduct$ 9 ,g]man & ,engli% only1 & ) all ! prosecution's docum5ts translat$ into ,g]man1 x w be bo? exp$iti\s & fair to disp5se ) ! read+ 9 full ( all docum5ts or portions ( docum5ts4 ,! prosecution w read "s docum5ts 9 full1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! trial1 b w endeavor to exp$ite matt]s by summ>iz+ docum5ts :5 possible1 or o!rwise call+ ! att5tion ( ! ,tribunal to su* passages !re9 z are deem$ important & relevant4 ,) respect to ! ord] ( trial1 ! prosecution int5ds to foll[1 to a l>ge degree1 ! ord] 9 :i* ! v>i\s exp]im5ts are set =? 9 ! indictm5t4 ,!re w be "s exceptions to t2 = in/ance1 we w pres5t ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts1 ! pro( ( sea-wat] exp]im5ts foll[+ ! mal>ia exp]im5ts1 :i* w be ?ird 9 ord]1 & 9 "t we w move to ! pro( ( read+ ! ,lo/ gas exp]im5ts because ( ! ov]lapp+ ( ! te/imony ( c]ta9 witnesses4 ,ins(> z possible1 we w endeavor to pres5t all ( ! evid5ce relat+ to a p>ticul> exp]im5t at ! same "t4 ,?is w be impossible1 ( c\rse1 :]e ! te/imony ( a witness ov]laps sev]al exp]im5ts4 ----- #ac ,tr4 pp4 #ge-hc4 #ad ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #aeg-afj1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 ,,vi4 ,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,g]man ,,m$ical ,,s]vices a4 ,introduction ,! op5+ /atem5t ( ! prosecution 7pp4 #bg-gd7 deals r ext5sively ) ! organization ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,wehrma*t1 ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,,ss1 & ! ,civilian ,heal? ,s]vice4 ,! ,ahn5]be ,society & ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>*1 :i* 0 set up )9 ! ,ahn5]be1 are also m5tion$4 ,evid5ce conc]n+ ! positions :i* ! prosecution alleg$ ! def5dants held is conta9$ 9 its docum5t book numb] "o4 ,selections f ?is docum5t book are set =? on pages #ha-ia4 b4 ,evid5ce ,pros4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#jhj #e ,fuehr] ,decree1 #bh ,july #aidb1 conc]n+ #ha ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices4 ,,no-#jha #f ,second ,fuehr] ,decree1 #e ,septemb] #aidc1 #hc conc]n+ ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices4 ,,no-#jhb #g ,fuehr] ,decree1 #be ,augu/ #aidd1 conc]n+ #hc ! appo9tm5t ( a ,rei* ,commission] = ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices4 ,,no-#bbg #aa ,fuehr] ,decree ( #g ,augu/ #aidd1 conc]n+ #hd ! reorganization ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,,no-#cjc #cb ,table ( ,organization ( ! 8,ahn5]be0 #hh f ! files ( ! ,ahn5]be ,society4 ,,no-#dbb #cc ,lett] f ,himml] to ,siev]s1 #g ,july #hi #aidb1 conc]n+ ! e/abli%m5t ( an 8,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>*0 )9 ! ,ahn5]be ,society4 ,,no-#hid #ch ,fuehr] ,decree1 #i ,june #aidb1 conc]n+ ! #ij ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,,no-#fde #c ,table ( organization ( ! ,rei* #ia ,commission] = ,heal? & ,m$ical ,s]vices1 drawn by ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jhj ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #e4 ,,fuehr] ,,decree1 #bh ,,july #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,m$ical ,,& ,,heal? ,,s]vices #aidb ,,rei*sgesetzblatt1 ,,"p #a1 ,,page #eae ,fuehr] ,decree ( #bh ,july #aidb1 ,conc]n+ ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices ,! utilization ( p]sonnel & mat]ial 9 ! field ( m$ical & heal? matt]s dem&s a coord9at$ & plann$ direction4 ,!re=e1 ,i ord] ! foll[+3 #a4 ,= ! ,wehrma*t ,i commission ! ,m$ical ,inspector ( ! ,army1 9 addition to 8 pres5t duties1 ) ! coord9ation ( all tasks common to ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t1 ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 & ! organizations & units subord9ate or atta*$ to ! ,wehrma*t1 z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t is to repres5t ! ,wehrma*t be=e ! civilian au?orities 9 all common m$ical problems aris+ 9 ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t1 ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 & organizations & units subord9ate or atta*$ to ! ,wehrma*t1 & w protect ! int]e/s ( ! ,wehrma*t 9 all m$ical measures tak5 by ! civilian au?orities4 ,= ! purpose ( coord9at$ treatm5t ( ^! problems1 a m$ical (fic] ( ! ,navy & a m$ical (fic] ( ! ,luftwaffe w be assign$ to "w "u him1 ! latt] 9 ! capacity ( *ief ( /aff4 ,fundam5tal problems p]ta9+ to ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss w be work$ out 9 agreem5t ) ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 #b4 ,9 ! field ( ! ,civilian ,heal? ,s]vice1 ! ,/ate ,secret>y 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior & ,rei* ,*ief = ,public ,heal?1 ,dr4 ,conti1 is responsible = coord9at$ measures4 ,= ?is purpose he has at 8 disposal ! compet5t dep>tm5ts ( ! highe/ ,rei* au?orities & _! subord9ate (fices4 #c4 ,i emp[] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t1 subord9ate only to me p]sonally & receiv+ 8 in/ructions directly f me1 to c>ry out special tasks & negotiations to readju/ ! requirem5ts = doctors1 hospitals1 m$ical supplies1 etc41 betwe5 ! milit>y & ! civilian sectors ( ! heal? & m$ical s]vices4 #d4 ,my pl5ipot5ti>y = heal? & m$ical s]vices is to be kept in=m$ ab\t ! fundam5tal ev5ts 9 ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,wehrma*t & 9 ! ,civilian ,heal? ,s]vice4 ,he is au?oriz$ to int]v5e 9 a responsible mann]4 ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #bh ,july #aidb ,! ,fuehr] ,,adolf ,,hitl] ,! ,*ief ( ! ,,okw ,,keitel ,! ,rei* ,m9i/] & ,*ief ( ! ,rei* ,*ancell]y ,,dr4 ,,lamm]s ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jha ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #f ,,second ,,fuehr] ,,decree1 #e ,,septemb] #aidc1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,m$ical ,,& ,,heal? ,,s]vices #aidc ,,rei*sgesetzblatt1 ,,"p #a1 ,,page #ecc ,second ,fuehr] ,decree ( #e ,septemb] #aidc1 ,conc]n+ ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices ,9 amplification ( my decree conc]n+ ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices ( #bh ,july #aidb 7,,rgbl4 ,i1 p4 #eae7 ,i ord]3 ,! ,pl5ipot5ti>y = ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices1 ,g5]al ,commission] ,pr(essor ,dr4 m$4 ,br&t is *>g$ ) c5trally coord9at+ & direct+ ! problems & activities ( ! entire ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices accord+ to in/ructions4 ,9 ?is s5se ?is ord] applies also to ! field ( ,m$ical ,sci5ce & ,rese>*1 z well z to ! organizational in/itutions conc]n$ ) ! manufacture & di/ribution ( m$ical mat]ial4 ,! ,pl5ipot5ti>y = ! ,m$ical & ,heal? s]vices is au?oriz$ to appo9t & commission special deputies = 8 sph]es ( action4 ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #e ,septemb] #aidc ,! ,fuehr] ,,adolf ,,hitl] ,! ,rei* ,m9i/] & ,*ief ( ! ,rei* ,*ancell]y ,,dr4 ,,lamm]s ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jhb ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #g ,,fuehr] ,,decree1 #be ,,augu/ #aidd1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,appo9tm5t ,,( ,a ,,rei* ,,commission] ,,= ,,m$ical ,,& ,,heal? ,,s]vices #aidd ,,rei*sgesetzblatt1 ,,"p #a1 ,,page #ahe ,fuehr] ,decree ( #be ,augu/ #aidd1 ,conc]n+ ! ,appo9tm5t ( a ,rei* ,commission] = ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices ,i h]eby appo9t ! ,g5]al ,commission] = ,m$ical & ,heal? matt]s1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t1 ,rei* ,commission] = ,sanitation & ,heal? ,rei* ,commission] = ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices z well1 = ! duration ( ?is w>4 ,9 ?is capacity 8 (fice ranks z highe/ ,rei* ,au?ority4 ,! ,rei* ,commission] = ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices is au?oriz$ to issue in/ructions to ! (fices & organizations ( ! ,/ate1 ,p>ty1 & ,wehrma*t :i* are conc]n$ ) ! problems ( ! m$ical & heal? s]vices4 ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #be ,augu/ #aidd ,! ,fuehr] ,,adolf ,,hitl] ,! ,rei* ,m9i/] & ,*ief ( ! ,rei* ,*ancell]y ,,dr4 ,,lamm]s ,! ,head ( ! ,p>ty ,*ancell]y ,m4 ,,bormann ,! ,*ief ( ! ,,okw ,,keitel ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bbg ,,prosecution ,,exhibit ,,ii ,,fuehr] ,,decree ,,( #g ,,augu/ #aidd1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,reorganization ,,( ,,! ,,m$ical ,,s]vices ,,( ,,! ,,wehrma*t ,copy ,! ,fuehr] & ,supreme ,comm&] ( ! ,wehrma*t ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #g ,augu/ #aidd ,*ief ( ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,wehrma*t ,*ief ,,okw ,ops4 ,/aff ( ! ,wehrma*t 7,w,f,st7 ,org4 7,i7 ,no4 #ejjh_/dd;g ,to obta9 a bett] conc5tration ( p[]s 9 ! field ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,wehrma*t1 ,i ord] 9 ext5sion ( my decree ( #bh ,july #aidb3 #a4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,wehrma*t w direct1 z f> z ! special field is conc]n$1 ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t & ! organizations & s]vices in/all$ )9 ! framework ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,he is au?oriz$ to issue ord]s1 )9 ! special field ( 8 jurisdiction4 #b4 ,i approve ! s]vice regulation = ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t issu$ by ! ,*ief ( ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,x w replace ! "o ( #bh ,july #aidb1 :i* 0 9 effect up to n[4 #c4 ,! p]sonal union ( ! ,*ief ( ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t & ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,army_/,army ,physician ,he]essanitaets9spekteur_/,he]es>zt is h]e) cancell$ z ( ,septemb] #aidd4 ,sign$ ,,adolf ,,hitl] ,! ,*ief ( ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,wehrma*t ,ref]5ce ,no4 #ejjh_/dd secret ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #g ,augu/ #aidd ,,s]vice ,,regulation = ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t#ae ,*ef ,w ,san ,i ,subord9ation & ,p[]s #a4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t w be directly "u ! ,*ief ( ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,he w h ! position ( an (fice *ief ,amts*ef & ! discipl9>y p[] accord+ to p>agraph #ah ( ! ,wehrma*t ,regulation = ,discipl9>y ,action 7,,wd/o7 & ! o!r p[]s ( a ,comm&+ ,g5]al4 #b4 ,he has au?ority accord+ to ,no4 #a ( ! ,fuehr] ,decree ov] ! foll[+3 a4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,s]vice1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,navy ,m$ical ,s]vice1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 & ! m$ical *iefs ( ! organizations & s]vices employ$ )9 ! framework ( ! ,wehrma*t :ile !y are act+ 9 ! area ( comm& ( ! ,wehrma*t4 b4 ,all sci5tific m$ical in/itutes1 academies1 & o!r m$ical in/itutions ( ! s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t & ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,,ii ,duties #a4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t is ! advis] ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,wehrma*t 9 all que/ions conc]n+ ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t & ( its heal? guidance1 #b4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t w direct all ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t#af z f> z ! special field is conc]n$1 ) reg>d = ! milit>y in/ructions ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces & ! g5]al rules ( ! ,fuehr]'s ,commission] ,g5]al = ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,dep>tm5ts4 page #b ( orig9al #c4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t w in=m ! ,fuehr]'s ,commission] ,g5]al ab\t basic ev5ts 9 ! field ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,he w repres5t ! ,wehrma*t to ! civilian au?orities 9 all mutual m$ical affairs & he w protect _! int]e/s 9 connection ) ! heal? measures ( ! civilian adm9i/rative au?orities4 ,he w repres5t ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t to ! m$ical s]vices ( =eign p[]s4 #d4 ,o!r duties ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,wehrma*t w be3 a4 ,9 ! m$ical-sci5tific field3 ,uni=m measures 9 ! field ( heal? guidance1 rese>* & ! combat+ ( epidemics1 & all m$ical measures :i* require a uni=m rul+ )9 ! ,wehrma*t4 ,evaluation ( m$ical exp]i5ces4 ,m$ical matt]s ( ! recruit+ sy/em1 ( welf>e & ma9t5ance & ( prison]s ( w>4 ,! presid5cy ( ! ,sci5tific ,s5ate ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t4 b4 ,9 ! organization & tra9+ sy/em3 ,uni=m & plann$ direction ( ! allocation ( p]sons & mat]ial4 ,unification ( ! tables ( organization & ! tables ( equipm5t ( ! m$ical troops & ! equal provision ( ! =ces ) m$ical p]sonnel4#ag ,direction ( a uni=m developm5t ( ! m$ical equipm5t4,a#a ,unification 9 ! sph]e ( hospital matt]s1 balanc$ plann+1 & allocation ( hospitals4 ,direction ( ! di/ribution ( w\nd$ & sick soldi]s to ! hospital in/allations ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,direction ( ! volunt>y sick-nurs+ )9 ! ,wehrma*t4 ,assimilation ( ! organization & ( ! tra9+ ( ! new g5]ation ( m$ical (fic]s4 ,balanc+ ( ! proportion accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! s]vices4 ,sup]vision ( ! ideological & political tra9+ ( ! new g5]ation ( m$ical (fic]s dur+ ! c\rse ( _! /udies 9 coop]ation ) ! ,rei* ,/ud5t ,lead]4 ,tra9+ & advanc$ tra9+ ( m$ical (fic]s4 ,direction ( a uni=m tra9+ ( ! m$ical subalt]n p]sonnel4,a#b c4 ,9 ! field ( matriel3 ,c5traliz$ procurem5t & direction ( fre% supplies ( m$ical matriel ( all k9ds = ! ,wehrma*t4 d4 ,g5]al & fundam5tal ph>maceutical matt]s4 ,,iii ,special ,p[]s #a4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t is entitl$ to reque/ f ! s]vices all records necess>y = ! p]=mance ( 8 assignm5ts4 #b4 ,he is entitl$ to express 8 view on ! appo9tm5t ( m$ical (fic]s or m$ical lead]s 9 ! ,wehrma*t & also 9 ! units ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss :i* are subord9at$ to ! ,wehrma*t--if ! position is t ( a ,g5]al>zt or a high] position4 ,be=e fill+ ^! positions1 8 op9ion has to be he>d4 #c4 ,he is entitl$ to inspect ! m$ical s]vice1 ! m$ical units1 ! m$ical troops & in/allations ( ! ,wehrma*t aft] hav+ in=m$ ! high comm& ( ! s]vice conc]n$ or ! headqu>t]s ( ! units conc]n$4 ,he is entitl$ to give ord]s on ! spot 9 ! field ( m$ical s]vice1 if ^! are necess>y = ! removal ( em]g5cies & d n disagree ) fundam5tal ord]s ( ! s]vices4 ,he has to in=m ! high comm&s ( ! s]vices conc]n$ ab\t ! results ( ! inspections & ab\t ! issu$ ord]s4 #d4 ,fundam5tal *anges 9 ! organization ( ! m$ical s]vice1 9 ! subord9ation ( m$ical (fic]s1 noncommission$ (fic]s1 & enli/$ m5 & ( ! (ficials & employees ( ! m$ical s]vice require ! cons5t ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t4 #e4 ,deputy ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t %all be ! s5ior ,m$ical ,inspector or ! ,m$ical ,*ief ( "o ( ! s]vices4 ,! ,*ief ( ,/aff w act z 8 deputy = r\t9e duties4 #f4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t issues ord]s necess>y = ! p]=mance ( 8 assignm5ts "u ! "n3 8,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,wehrma*t1 ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t40 ,z f> z necess>y ! s]vices w execute 8 ord]s & reque/s ?r\gh army *annels4 #g4 ,= ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t ! new table ( organization ( #a ,april #aidd is tak+ effect4 ,! necess>y p]sonnel are to be tak5 f ! s]vices1 etc41 above all f _! m$ical inspectorates or (fices4 ,sign$ ,,keitel ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#cjc ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #cb ,,table ,,( ,,organization ,,( ,,! 8,,ahn5]be0 ,,f ,,! ,,files ,,( ,,! ,,ahn5]be ,,society 8,,! ,,ahn5]be0 ,! ,presid5t ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,h4 ,,himml] ,tru/ee ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,,wal!r ,,wue/ ,! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,,wolfram ,,siev]s ,rei* ,bus9ess ,managem5t ,deputy ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,,h]b]t ,,m5z ,consultant ,secret>y ,dr4 ,,gisela ,,s*mitz-,,kahlmann ,! ,special ,commission] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,,bruno ,,galke ,adm9i/ration ,,ss ,unt]/urmbannfuehr] ,,hans-,,ulri* ,,huehne ,graduate ( a ,bus9ess ,college ,,alfons ,,eb5 ,! task ( ! ,rese>* & ,in/ruction ,gr\p 8,! ,ahn5]be0 is inve/igation ( space1 _s1 accompli%m5ts1 & h]itage ( ! ,indo-,g]manic peoples ( ,nordic race1 ! vivification ( ! results ( _! rese>* & _! transmission to ! p4 ,realization ,e/abli%m5t ( in/ruction & rese>* c5t]s ,assignm5t ( rese>* "w & conduct ( rese>* exp$itions ,publication ( sci5tific works ,support ( sci5tific "w ,organization ( sci5tific congresses ,! ,ahn5]be ,f\ndation ,! purpose ( ! ,f\ndation is to fur!r ! endeavors ( 8,! ,ahn5]be01 regi/]$ society1 by donations f ! proce$s ( ! capital ( ! ,f\ndation & f ! capital itself4 ,to int]e/ p :o decl>e !mselves will+ to put c]ta9 contributions ei!r once or at fix$ int]vals at ! disposal ( ! ,f\ndation4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dbb ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #cc ,,lett] ,,f ,,himml] ,,to ,,siev]s1 #g ,,july #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,,an 8,,in/itute ,,= ,,milit>y ,,sci5tific ,,rese>*0 ,,)9 ,,! ,,ahn5]be ,,society ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #g ,july #aidb ,,ar #dh_/f_/db ,/amp #a4 ,p]sonal ,/aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,ar*ives1 ,file ,no4 ,,ar_/#bb_/ba ,,secret6 #a4 ,to ! ,rei* ,manag] ( ! ,ahn5]be ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s ,b]l9-,dahlem ,i reque/ ! ,ahn5]be #a4 to e/abli% an ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>*1 #b4 to support 9 e possible way ! rese>* c>ri$ out by ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hirt1 & to promote all correspond+ rese>* & und]tak+s1 #c4 to make available ! requir$ app>atus1 equipm5t1 accessories & assi/ants1 or to procure !m1 #d4 to make use ( ! facilities available 9 ,da*au1 #e4 to contact ! ,*ief ( ! ,,ss ,economic & ,adm9i/rative ,ma9 ,(fice ,wirts*aftsv]waltung%auptamt ) reg>d to ! co/s1 :i* c be borne by ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,sign$ ,h4 ,h4 ,,he9ri* ,,himml] #b4 ,copy =w>d$ to ! ,*ief ( ! ,economic & ,adm9i/rative ,ma9 ,(fice1 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl ,b]l9--,li*t]felde--,we/ ) ! reque/ to take note4 ,by ord]1 ,sign$ ,,br&t ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,m4 #g4g4 ,c]tifi$ ,true ,copy3 ,sign$ ,m4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] #g4g4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#hid ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ch ,,fuehr] ,,decree1 #i ,,june #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,rei* ,,rese>* ,,c\ncil #aidb ,,rei*sgesetzblatt1 ,,"p #a1 ,,page #chi ,fuehr] ,decree ( #i ,june #aidb ,conc]n+ ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil ,! necessity to exp& all available =ces to highe/ effici5cy 9 ! int]e/ ( ! /ate requires1 n only 9 peace "t b also1 & especially1 9 w> "t1 ! conc5trat$ ef=t ( sci5tific rese>* & its *annellization t[>d ! goal to be aspir$4 ,!re=e1 ,i commission ! ,rei* ,m>%al ,h]mann ,go]+ to e/abli% z an indep5d5t entity a ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 :i* is to s]ve ?is purpose1 to take ov] its *airman%ip himself & to give x a *>t]4 ,lead+ m5 ( sci5ce above all are to make rese>* fruitful = w>f>e by work+ toge!r 9 _! special fields4 ,! hi!rto exi/+ ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil :i* 0 "u ! ,rei* ,m9i/] = ,sci5ce & ,education ,wiss5s*aft1 ,erziehung und ,volksbildung is to be absorb$ by ! new organization4 ,! means ne$$ = rese>* purposes are to be e/abli%$ 9 ! ,rei* budget z f> z !y w n be rais$ f contributions 7= rese>*7 ( circles int]e/$ 9 rese>*4 ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #i ,june #aidb ,! ,fuehr] ,,adolf ,,hitl] ,! ,rei* ,m9i/] & ,*ief ( ! ,rei* ,*ancell]y ,,dr4 ,,lamm]s ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#fde ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #c ,illu/ration3 ,table ( ,organization ( ! ,rei* ,commission] = ,heal? & ,m$ical ,s]vice1 drawn by ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t ----- #ae ,to ,wehrma*t 9 ?is connection belong3 ,army1 ,navy1 ,luftwaffe1 ! ,waff5 ,,ss units "u ord]s ( ! ,wehrma*t & ! organizations & s]vices engag$ )9 ! framework ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,footnote 9 orig9al docum5t4 #af ,same z ,footnote #ae above4 #ag ,z to ! ,navy ^! rules w n apply or w apply ) re/rictions only to p]sonnel on bo>d4 ,footnote 9 orig9al docum5t4 ,,vii4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,argum5tation ,,& ,,evid5ce ,,( ,,prosecution ,,& ,,def5se ,a4 ,m$ical ,exp]im5ts #a4 ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,s*ro$]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 & ,weltz 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ high-altitude exp]im5ts 7p>4 #f 7,a7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! trial1 ! prosecution )drew ?is *>ge 9 ! cases ( ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,popp5dick1 & ,mrug[sky4 ,only ! def5dants ,rudolf ,br&t & ,siev]s 7 convict$ on ?is *>ge4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! high-altitude exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its clos+ brief aga9/ ! def5dants ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,weltz4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on pages #ib to #aac4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! clos+ briefs = ! def5dants ,ruff & ,siev]s4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #aad to #adj4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #adj to #aih4 b4 ,selection ,f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dants ,,ruff1 ,,romb]g1 ,,& ,,weltz ,e>ly 9 ! w> x 0 deem$ necess>y to conduct rese>* 9 ! field ( high altitudes because ( ! high] ceil+s rea*$ by ! ,alli$ fight] planes4 ,?is creat$ ! problem ( availability ( human exp]im5tal subjects1 inasmu* z animal exp]im5tation 0 consid]$ inadequate4 ,! heights involv$ 7 #ab1jjj met]s to ov] #bj1jjj met]s1 h5ce x goes )\t say+ t su* exp]im5ts 7 v dang]\s &1 z indicat$ by ! evid5ce1 volunte]s 7 n to be _h4 ,?is difficulty 0 ov]come by ! use ( conc5tration camp inmates )\t _! cons5t4 ,! fir/ indication ( ?is crim9al plan appe>s 9 a lett] f ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*]1 a ,luftwaffe physician1 9 a lett] to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss dat$ #ae ,may #aida3 8,= ! "t be+1 ,i h be5 assign$ to ! ,luftgau ,komm&o ,,vii1 ,muni*1 = a m$ical selection c\rse4 ,dur+ ?is c\rse1 :]e rese>* on high-altitude fly+ plays a prom95t "p1 det]m9$ by ! some:at high] ceil+ ( ! ,engli% fight] planes1 consid]able regret 0 express$ t no exp]im5ts on human be+s h s f> be5 possible = u because su* exp]im5ts are v dang]\s1 & nobody is volunte]+4 ,i !re=e put ! s]i\s "q3 is !re any possibility t two or ?ree pr(essional crim9als c be made available = ^! exp]im5ts80 ,emphasis suppli$4 7#afjb1 ,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dd47 ,x fur!r appe>s 9 ?is ,ras*] lett] ( #ae ,may #aida t ,ras*] _h conf]r$ ) ano!r ,luftwaffe physician & t a t5tative agreem5t _h be5 rea*$ :]e9 x 0 det]m9$ t ! exp]im5ts on ! conc5tration camp inmates1 9 :i* ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 expect$ to die1 w\ld be p]=m$ at ! 8,bod5/a5dige ,pruef/elle fu] ,hoeh5=s*ung d] ,luftwaffe0 at ,muni*3 8,! exp]im5ts are be+ p]=m$ at ! ,gr\nd ,/ation = ,high-,altitude ,exp]im5ts ( ! ,luftwaffe ,bod5/a5dige ,pruef/elle fu] ,hoeh5=s*ung d] ,luftwaffe at ,muni*4 ,! exp]im5ts1 9 :i* ! exp]im5tal subject ( c\rse may die1 w\ld take place ) my collaboration4 ,!y are absolutely ess5tial = ! rese>* on high-altitude fly+ & _c1 z x _h be5 tri$ until n[1 be c>ri$ out on monkeys1 because monkeys (f] entirely diff]5t te/ conditions4 ,i _h an absolutely confid5tial talk ) ! repres5tative ( ! ,luftwaffe physician :o is conduct+ ^! exp]im5ts4 ,he also is ( ! op9ion t ! problems 9 "q c only be solv$ by exp]im5ts on human be+s40 7#afjb-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dd47 99 99 99 99 99 ,weltz te/ifi$ t a meet+ took place 9 ! summ] ( #aida on ! occasion ( a visit by ,g5]alob]/abs>zt ,hippke to ,luftgau ,,vii4 7,tr4 p4 #gjef47 ,9 a discussion betwe5 ,weltz1 ,kott5h(f1 & ,hippke1 ,hippke gave 8 approval 9 pr9ciple to ! exp]im5ts if !y 7 deem$ necess>y4 7,tr4 p4 #gjfe47 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! summ] ( #aida1 ,ras*] w5t to ,weltz & propos$ ! sl[-asc5t exp]im5ts1 b ,weltz turn$ !m d[n z unnecess>y4 7,tr4 p4 #gagf47 ,?is te/imony ( ! def5dant ,weltz cle>ly indicates ! jurisdiction ,weltz _h ov] ,ras*]'s activities4 ,?is refusal to p]mit ! p]=mance ( sl[-asc5t exp]im5ts be>s out ! cont5tion ( ! prosecution t ! def5dant ,weltz _h ! p[] & ! au?ority to int]v5e at any "t4 ,weltz' actions ?r\gh\t ! entire developm5t ( ! plans = ! exp]im5ts 7 n m]ely negative4 ,he 0 9 full accord ) ! entire ent]prise & he realiz$ t ,ras*] did n possess ! necess>y qualifications to conduct ^! exp]im5ts )\t ! assi/ance ( a speciali/ 9 ?is p>ticul> field ( aviation m$ic9e4 ,fur!rmore1 al?\gh ,ras*] 0 atta*$ to ,weltz' ,in/itute he _h no o!r def9ite "w4 7,tr4 pp4 #gjgh & #gahg47 ,to f9d a speciali/ to collaborate ) ,weltz & ,ras*] prov$ to be a difficult task4 ,weltz fir/ approa*$ memb]s ( 8 own in/itute1 namely ,lutz & ,w5dt1 m5 ( consid]able reputation 9 ?is field1 b to no avail4 ,wolfgang ,lutz appe>$ be=e ?is ,tribunal & te/ifi$ t ,weltz reque/$ 8 assi/ance1 z well z ! assi/ance ( ,w5dt1 b t !y bo? refus$ on moral gr\nds4 7,tr4 p4 #bfi47 ,weltz did n d5y ?is1 b cont5d$ t 8 que/ions to ,lutz 7 purely rhetorical4 7,tr4 p4 #gjfi47 ,! inability to int]e/ a speciali/ 9 ! field ( high-altitude rese>* to collaborate ) ,ras*] expla9s ! cause = ! lapse ( "t betwe5 ! date ( ! au?orization by ,himml] & ! actual date ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! exp]im5ts1 viz1 ,july #aida to ,febru>y #aidb4 ,weltz 0 n a speciali/ 9 high-altitude rese>*4 ,kott5h(f 0 transf]r$ to ,romania1 & ,ras*] 0 comp>atively a novice 9 ?is field4 ,! next /ep tak5 by ,weltz1 :i* l$ to ! completion ( ! plans to conduct ! high-altitude exp]im5ts on human be+s at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp1 0 8 invitation to ! def5dants ,ruff & ,romb]g to collaborate ) ,ras*]4 ,^! two m5 7 exp]ts 9 ?is field & 7 int]e/$ 9 fur!r rese>* 9 altitudes exce$+ #ab1jjj met]s4 ,weltz te/ifi$ t he made a trip to ,b]l9 & t ,ruff accept$ 8 invitation to collaborate ) ,ras*]4 7,tr4 p4 #gahh47 ,! evid5ce %[s t ,weltz approa*$ ,ruff & ,romb]g z he ne$$ exp]t assi/ance4 7,,no-#dcg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #db2 ,,no-#bfc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dg2 ,,no-#aia1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dc47 ,! def5dant ,ruff /at$ t he fir/ he>d ( ! plan to c>ry out rese>* on inmates ( ! ,da*au conc5tration camp f ! def5dant ,weltz & t ,weltz desir$ collaboration betwe5 ,romb]g & ,ras*] & betwe5 ,weltz' ,in/itute & ,ruff's ,in/itute4 7,tr4 p4 #ffec47 ,fur!rmore1 ,ruff te/ifi$ t ,weltz /at$3 8,x is1 ( c\rse1 be/ if y or ,romb]g take "p 9 ^! exp]im5ts because ,romb]g _h already c>ri$ out su* p>a*ute desc5t exp]im5ts & is !re=e ! man :o kn[s ab\t ! :ole problem ( rescue f high altitudes40 7,tr4 pp4 #ffed-e47 ,ruff fur!r te/ifi$ t ,weltz sugge/$ t a new s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 p>a*ute desc5ts f great heights %\ld be c>ri$ out at ,da*au on prison]s4 7,tr4 p4 #ffec47 ,f ?is mom5t on1 ! exp]im5tal program />t$ to move z a mutual und]tak+4 ,?is is bett] /at$ by ! def5dant ,weltz3 8,?is 0 to be a mutual und]tak+1 dur+ :i* ,ruff 0 to detail ,romb]g & ,i 0 to detail ,ras*]4 ,ruff naturally 0 to be *ief ( ,romb]g & ,i1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 0 to be ,ras*]'s *ief4 ,ruff c\ldn't give any ord]s to ,ras*]4 ,ras*] 0 a capta9 9 ! ,m$ical ,corps & ,ruff 0 a civilian4 ,i c\ldn't give any ord]s to ,romb]g because ,romb]g 0 a civilian :ile ,i 0 a soldi]4 ,naturally1 ?is is h[ ! di/ribution 04 ,x _h to be t way4 ,fur!rmore1 x 0 cle> t ,i c\ldn't 9 any way retire4 ,i c\ld n j leave ,ras*] to ,ruff4 ,x 0 q cle> t ,i _h to p>ticipate 9 ^! exp]im5ts by ex]cis+ sup]vision1 b n by actively p>ticipat+40 7,tr4 p4 #gjgi47 ,?is evid5ce c]ta9ly rebuts ,weltz' vague cont5tion t he 0 n 9 se>* ( speciali/s 9 high-altitude rese>* to collaborate ) him & ,ras*]4 ,)\t ! ef=ts ( ,weltz ! exp]im5ts c\ld nev] h tak5 place4 ,9 brief1 to conduct ^! exp]im5ts at altitudes exce$+ #ab1jjj met]s ,weltz f\nd x necess>y to secure ! assi/ance ( exp]ts 9 ! field1 z well z a l[-pressure *amb] :i* w\ld meet 8 ne$s4 ,ruff & ,romb]g possess$ bo?1 & 9 ! above mann] ,weltz skillfully eng9e]$ ! :ole plan4 ,imm$iately aft] ,weltz _h complet$ 8 negotiations ) ,ruff1 he call$ a meet+ at 8 in/itute 9 ,muni*1 :]e9 discussions ( a te*nical nature conc]n+ ! exp]im5ts 7 held4 ,at ?is meet+1 ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 ,ras*]1 & ,weltz 7 9 att5dance4 ,?is meet+ 0 at ,weltz' ,in/itute & ,weltz presid$ ov] ! meet+4 ,x 0 fur!r decid$ t a second meet+ 0 to be held at ,da*au a few days lat] 9 ord] to make ! necess>y arrangem5ts ) ! camp comm&]4 ,?is trip took place 9 ord] to discuss te*nical prep>ations ) ! camp comm&]1 & to arrange details conc]n+ ! selection ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,aga91 ,weltz1 ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,ras*] 7 9 att5dance1 9 addition to ,piork[ski1 ! camp comm&]1 & ,s*nitzl] ( ! /aff ( ! ,rei*sfuehrung ,,ss4 7,,no-#dgf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dj2 ,,no-#dcg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #db2 ,,no-#bfc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dg2 ,tr4 pp4 #gjhf-g47 ,aft] ! arrangem5ts ) ! camp au?orities at ,da*au _h be5 complet$1 ! %ipm5t ( ! l[-pressure *amb] f ,b]l9 0 ! next problem to ov]come4 ,z po9t$ out e>li]1 ,weltz desir$ ! l[-pressure *amb] :i* 0 possess$ by ,ruff & ,romb]g = use 9 ! exp]im5ts at ,da*au4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,weltz _h _h a l[-pressure *amb] available 9 8 own in/itute f #aich on 7,tr4 p4 #gagh471 & t ,weltz te/ifi$ t volunte]s f 8 /ud5t body or f ! ,luftwaffe 7 available4 7,tr4 pp4 #gahj-hc47 ,despite ?is1 x 0 necess>y to resort to ! conc5tration camp = inmates &1 9 ord] to conduct ! exp]im5ts1 a mobile pressure *amb] _h to be br\ght d[n f ! ,ruff ,in/itute 9 ,b]l91 z ! l[-pressure *amb] 9 ! ,weltz ,in/itute 0 n mobile4 ,! mobile l[-pressure *amb] f ,ruff's ,in/itute at ,b]l9 0 driv5 to ,weltz' ,in/itute 9 ,muni* & arriv$ 9 ! late aft]noon4 ,?is *amb] 0 driv5 to ,muni* by employees ( ! ,,dvl & turn$ ov] to ,weltz4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 ,,ss driv]s came f ,da*au1 receiv$ ! keys to ! *amb] & drove x to ! conc5tration camp4 7,tr4 p4 #gaii47 ,! purpose 9 cam\flag+ ?is activity 0 to deceive ! employees ( ! ,,dvl because ,weltz & ,ruff did n want !m to "k t ! l[-pressure *amb] 0 to be us$ 9 an exp]im5tal program at a conc5tration camp4 ,?is is borne out by ! fact t a completely new set ( driv]s came f ! conc5tration camp to take ! *amb] to ,da*au4 ,?is p>ticul> action ( secrecy is noticeable :5 x is consid]$ t ,da*au is m]ely #ab kilomet]s f ,muni* & actually ! ,,dvl driv]s _h to g out ( _! way to deliv] ! *amb] to ! ,weltz ,in/itute4 ,ruff te/ifi$ t ! secrecy 9 ! transf] ( ! *amb] to ,da*au 0 = security reasons4 7,tr4 p4 #feej47 ,f ! evid5ce ?us f> summ>iz$1 & inde$ f ,weltz' own admission1 x is cle> t he mu/ be f\nd guilty ( ! high-altitude crimes committ$ 9 ,da*au4 ,?is 0 a crim9al und]tak+ f its inception4 ,x 0 kn[n to all conc]n$ t ! propos$ exp]im5ts 7 c]ta9 to result 9 dea?s & t !y 7 to be p]=m$ on nonvolunte]s4 ,t is prov$ by ! v fir/ lett] to ,himml]4 ,weltz support$ ! ambition ( 8 subord9ate1 ,ras*]1 to p]=m ! exp]im5ts on behalf ( ! ,weltz ,in/itute4 ,he secur$ ! collaboration ( ,ruff & ,romb]g4 ,he obta9$ ! cons5t ( ,hippke & a rese>* assignm5t f ! ,ref]at = ,aviation ,m$ic9e "u ,an?ony & ,beck]-,freys5g4 ,he took c>e ( ! te*nical arrangem5ts & p>ticipat$ 9 conf]5ces ) ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,ras*] :i* decid$ on ! exp]im5ts to be p]=m$4 ,weltz did m 9 hav+ ! exp]im5ts p]=m$ ?an anyone else4 ,8 guilt is cle>ly e/abli%$ on ?is evid5ce alone4 ,x is n disput$ t ,ras*] 0 subord9at$ to him until ,febru>y #aidb4 ,weltz' ma9 def5se is t he _h ,ras*] transf]r$ f 8 in/itute late 9 ,febru>y #aidb &1 h5ce1 _c be held responsible = :at happ5$ !reaft]4 ,ev5 if true1 ?is is no def5se4 ,weltz _h long s9ce p>ticipat$ 9 ! crim9al ent]prise4 ,he _c be he>d to say t 8,yes1 ,i did all t1 b ,i'm n responsible = ! actual consequ5ces :i* my acts 7 expect$ to br+ ab\t40 ,! dea?s :i* occurr$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts 7 =eseeable f ! beg9n+4 ,weltz does n escape responsibility = ^? dea?s1 ev5 if x 7 true t ,ras*] 0 n subord9at$ to him :5 !y occurr$4 ,b t is n true1 z ! evid5ce proves4 ,! actual date ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! exp]im5ts at ,da*au 0 #bb ,febru>y #aidb1 :i* 0 recall$ by ! witness ,neff because x 0 8 bir?day4 7,tr4 p4 #fjf47 ,f ?is po9t on1 ! def5dant ,weltz takes ! position t he _h no k ( ! "w & t1 9 fact1 ,ras*] 0 reliev$ f 8 comm&4 ,weltz admitt$ t x 0 8 obligation to sup]vise ,ras*] & t ! exi/+ arrangem5t betwe5 ,ruff & ,weltz 0 t ?is 0 to be a jo9t und]tak+4 ,ruff ex]cis$ sup]vision ov] ,romb]g1 & ,weltz 0 to ex]cise sup]vision ov] ,ras*]4 ,weltz conc$$ t he 0 ,ras*]'s discipl9>y sup]ior & 0 responsible = ! sci5tific programs to :i* he assign$ ,ras*]4 7,tr4 p4 #gjhh47 ,despite ?is *a9 ( comm& & work+ agreem5t1 ,weltz takes ! position t ,ras*] endeavor$ to "w indep5d5tly & t he did n desire to report to ,weltz4 7,tr4 pp4 #gjhh-i47 ,x became necess>y = ,weltz to ord] ,ras*] to report to him twice a week &1 z a result ( ?is ord]1 ,weltz alleges t ,ras*] came to him 9 ! middle ( ,febru>y & t !y _h _! fir/ conv]sation s9ce ! meet+ 9 ,da*au & on t occasion1 ,ras*] in=m$ ,weltz t ! exp]im5ts _h n ev5 />t$ yet & t he _h no?+ to report4 7,tr4 p4 #gjhi47 ,weltz te/ifi$ t ,an?ony1 "u :om ,beck]-,freys5g work$ 9 ! ,luftwaffe ,m$ical ,inspectorate1 9 ,b]l91 telephon$ him to inquire h[ ! ,da*au exp]im5ts 7 progress+ & t he c\ld only reply t no?+ _h be5 report$ to him4 ,ras*] report$ to him = ! second "t1 :]eupon ,weltz in=m$ ,ras*] t a telephone call _h come ?r\gh f ,b]l9 & t he want$ to h "s cl>ification z to h[ ?+s /ood at ,da*au4 ,ras*] did n want to report any?+ to ,weltz at ! second conv]sation1 & ,weltz ma9ta9s t he told ,ras*] t he 0 go+ to ,b]l9 to cle> up ! situation & obta9 a cle> decision :e!r or n ,ras*] 0 to report to him4 ,!n1 on ! occasion ( ! ?ird visit f ,ras*]1 ,weltz1 expect+ a %>p argum5t1 ask$ ,w5dt ( 8 (fice to come into ! room1 & on t occasion he confront$ ,ras*] ) ! alt]native ei!r to report to him or to leave ! in/itute4 ,weltz ass]ts t at t "t ,ras*] %[$ him a telegram f ,himml]1 :i* read3 8,exp]im5ts are to be kept secret f ev]yone40 7,tr4 p4 #gjhi47 ,!reupon1 ,weltz ma9ta9s t he ord]$ ,ras*] f 8 in/itute & t he !n compos$ a lett]1 toge!r ) ,w5dt1 to ! ,luftgau & ask$ = ,ras*]'s imm$iate transf] & t )9 a few days ,ras*]'s assignm5t _h end$4 7,tr4 p4 #gjij47 ,! memor&um ( ,n9i ,ras*] to ,himml] ( #bd ,febru>y #aidb %[s t at t "t ,ras*] 0 /ill subord9ate to ,weltz4 7,,no-#bfc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dg47 ,%e review$ ! hi/ory ( ! exp]im5ts & po9t$ out t on #bd ,july #aida ,ras*]1 ,kott5h(f1 & ,weltz 7 to be 9 *>ge4 ,kott5h(f 0 transf]r$ to ,romania 9 ,augu/ & !reby exclud$ f ! gr\p4 ,%e /at$ t x 0 ,weltz's task to initiate ! te*nical execution ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,app>5tly because ( a fe> ( moral objections on ! "p ( ,hippke1 ,weltz _h po/pon$ ! beg9n+ ( ! exp]im5ts b _h f9ally secur$ ,ruff & ,romb]g to collaborate ) ,ras*]4 ,a conf]5ce took place 9 ,da*au betwe5 ,piork[ski1 ,s*nitzl]1 ,weltz1 ,ras*]1 ,romb]g1 & ,ruff4 ,weltz _h giv5 ! assurance t he w\ld take c>e ( ! au?orization = ,ras*]4 ,mrs4 ,ras*] compla9$ t on #ah ,febru>y1 aft] ,ras*] _h c>ri$ out all ! prep>atory "w1 ,weltz /at$3 8,n[ t y h remov$ all ob/acles f ! pa? ( ,romb]g ) ! ,,ss1 ! au?orization mu/ be h&l$ diff]5tly40 ,mrs4 ,ras*] /at$ t bo? ,romb]g & ,ras*] agre$ t ,weltz 0 n ne$$ anymore & t bo? oppos$ 8 attempts to ou/ ,ras*] 9 favor ( himself4 ,weltz cont5d$ t ! tru? ( ! matt] 0 t he wi%$ to get rid ( ,ras*]1 & t ,mrs4 ,ras*] _h misrepres5t$ ?is to ,himml] s t x w\ld appe> t he 0 try+ to elim9ate ,ras*] 9 ord] to keep ! "w exclusively to himself4 7,tr4 p4 #gjii47 ,!re c be no "q t ,mrs4 ,ras*] 0 q correct 9 h] analysis ( ! situation4 ,:at possible reason c\ld ,weltz h = desir+1 j be=e ! exp]im5ts began1 to elim9ate ,ras*] unless he wi%$ to p>ticipate himself p]sonally & ?us secure a l>g] %>e ( ! sci5tific cr$it8 ,c]ta9ly he _h support$ ,ras*] f ! v inception ( ! proposal to p]=m ! exp]im5ts4 ,be t z x may1 ! pro( %[s t ,ras*] cont9u$ to p>ticipate 9 ! exp]im5ts z a subord9ate ( ,weltz4 ,?is is cle>ly prov$ by a file memor&um ( ,s*nitzl] ( ! ,,ss (fice 9 ,muni*1 dat$ #bh ,april #aidb4 7,,no-#bfd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fj47 ,?is memor&um %[s t ,ras*] 0 /ill subord9at$ to ,weltz1 & t ,weltz 0 insi/+ on active p>ticipation 9 ! exp]im5ts & full responsibility4 ,! ,,rlm ,rei* ,air ,m9i/ry _h inquir$ ( ,weltz h[ long ! exp]im5ts w\ld la/1 & :e!r x 0 ju/ifiable to detail a m$ical (fic] = s long4 ,ras*]1 :o 0 *af+ "u 8 subord9ation to ,weltz1 reque/$ t 8 assignm5t be *ang$ to ! ,,dvl ,g]man ,aviation ,rese>* ,in/itute1 ,da*au ,bran*4 ,weltz' only reaction to ?is docum5t 0 t ! date 0 wrong & %\ld read #bh ,febru>y #aidb in/ead ( #bh ,april #aidb4 7,tr4 p4 #gjii ff47 ,weltz conc$$ on cross-exam9ation t1 assum+ ! date #bh ,april #aidb 0 correct1 !n ( c\rse ,ras*] 0 /ill 8 subord9ate at t "t4 7,tr4 p4 #gbcb47 ,! file memor&um ( ,siev]s dat$ #c ,may #aidb settl$ ?is "q beyond any d\bt4 ,?is memor&um reads z foll[s3 8,,ss ,unt]/urmfuehr] ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*] report$ 9 ,muni* on #bi ,april #aidb ab\t ! result ( ! conf]5ce ) ,ob]/abs>zt ,dr4 ,weltz4 ,weltz reque/$ t ,dr4 ,ras*] be )drawn if by ,friday1 #a ,may #aidb he 7,weltz7 7 n tak5 into consultation reg>d+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 0 in=m$ accord+ly4 ,he ord]$ ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff on #cj ,april #aidb to s5d a telegram to ,field ,m>%al ,mil* reque/+ t ,dr4 ,ras*] be ord]$ to ! ,g]man ,aviation ,rese>* ,in/itute ,deuts*e ,v]su*san/alt fu] ,luftfahrt1 ,da*au ,bran*1 & !re to be at ! disposal ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss40 7,,no-#acei1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dic47 ,aft] hav+ be5 confront$ ) ?is docum5t ,weltz 9 effect conc$$ t 8 previ\s te/imony ab\t ! transf] ( ,ras*] _h be51 to say ! lea/ ( x1 incorrect4 ,he said3 8,yes1 n[ ! entire matt] looks some:at diff]5t4 ,if ,i _h ?is file note ( ,siev]s 9 addition to my o!r docum5ts1 ,i w\ld h kn[n t ! note ( ,s*nitzl] 0 correct1 & t !re mu/ be ano!r possibility to expla9 ,mrs4 ,n9i ,ras*]'s lett]4 ,?is lett]1 on ! o!r h&1 _c be expla9$ n[4 ,i c only try to recon/ruct ! dates f ! docum5ts :i* 7 available "h1 s9ce ,i no long] "k !m today40 7,tr4 p4 #gbci47 ,on r$irect exam9ation by 8 def5se c\nsel1 ,weltz 0 ask$ aga9 to cl>ify ! situation ) respect to ,ras*]'s subord9ation1 & he repli$3 8,s9ce my fir/ attempt to cl>ify ?is contradiction came to naught1 ,i %\ld n l to try aga94 ,i simply c see no way to cl>ify x on ! basis ( ! mat]ial be=e me40 7,tr4 p4 #gbea47 ,9 a lett] ( #bj ,may #aidb f ,mil* to ,wolff x is aga9 made evid5t beyond any d\bt t ,ras*] 0 subord9ate to ,weltz3 8,9 ref]5ce to y\r telegram ( #ab ,may our m$ical inspector reports to me t ! altitude exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ! ,,ss & ,air ,=ce at ,da*au h be5 f9i%$4 ,any cont9uation ( ^! exp]im5ts seems ess5tially unreasonable4 ,h[ev]1 ! c>ry+ out ( exp]im5ts ( "s o!r k9d1 9 reg>d to p]ils at high sea1 w\ld be important4 ,^! h be5 prep>$ 9 imm$iate agreem5t ) ! prop] (fices2 ,major 7,m4 ,c47 ,weltz w be *>g$ ) ! execution & ,capta9 7,m4 ,c47 ,ras*] w be made available until fur!r ord]s 9 addition to 8 duties )9 ! ,m$ical ,corps ( ! ,air ,corps40 7#cdc-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fb47 ,?us x is cle> t ,weltz mu/ be held responsible = ! num]\s murd]s :i* result$ dur+ ! high-altitude exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,n only did he p>ticipate 9 plans & ent]prises involv+ ! commission ( ^! exp]im5ts1 b he also 0 ! direct sup]ior ( ,ras*] :o1 toge!r ) ,ruff & ,romb]g1 actually execut$ ! exp]im5ts4 ,/atus ( ,prison]s ,us$ 9 ! ,exp]im5ts ,aft] ,weltz _h successfully secur$ ! collaboration ( ,ruff & ,romb]g1 he held a meet+ at 8 in/itute 9 ,muni* late 9 ,decemb] #aida1 or e>ly 9 ,janu>y #aidb4 7,tr4 p4 #ffeg2 ,tr4 p4 #gjhf47 ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 ,weltz1 & ,ras*] att5d$ ?is meet+ prim>ily to lay ! gr\ndwork = ! te*nical arrangem5ts necess>y to p]=m ! "w at ,da*au4 ,x is alleg$ by all ! def5dants t ! "q reg>d+ ! /atus ( ! prison]s to be us$ 0 discuss$ & t ,ras*] _h assur$ !m t ! subjects w\ld be exclusively volunte]s4 7,tr4 p4 #gjhf2 ,tr4 p4 #fbcb2 ,tr4 p4 #fhfi47 ,9 fact1 ! def5dants /ate t ,ras*] exhibit$ a communication f ,himml] :i* provid$ t ! subjects mu/ be volunte]s "u all circum/ances4 7,tr4 p4 #fhfi47 ,un=tunately1 ?is lett] has n be5 produc$ by ! def5se4 ,ne$less to say1 ! def5dants take ! position t su* exp]im5ts 7 to be p]=m$ on habitual & condemn$ crim9als & t consid]ations 7 to be (f]$ to said 8volunte]s0 9 ! ev5t ( _! surviv+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,romb]g explicitly /ates t he saw ! 8,himml] lett]0 & he 0 able to obs]ve ! words 8crim9al0 & 8volunte]0 !re94 7,tr4 p4 #fhgj47 ,! ass]tion on ! "p ( ! def5dants t ,himml] _h ord]$ t ! crim9als us$ be volunte]s is ridicul\s & incr$ible :5 "o consid]s t ,himml] in/ruct$ ,ras*] to p>don ^! un=tunate inmates only if !y c\ld be recall$ to life aft] hav+ be5 subject$ to ! type ( exp]im5ts outl9$ 9 ,ras*]'s fir/ int]im report1 :]e9 x is %[n t ! exp]im5tal subjects _h /opp$ brea?+ altoge!r & _! *e/s _h be5 cut op51 i4 e41 autopsy _h be5 actually p]=m$ on !m4 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #di47 ,9 ?is in/ance1 ,himml] graci\sly /at$3 8#c4 ,consid]+ ! long-cont9u$ action ( ! he>t1 ! exp]im5ts %\ld be specifically exploit$ 9 su* a mann] z to det]m9e :e!r ^! m5 c\ld be recall$ to life4 ,%\ld su* an exp]im5t succe$1 !n1 ( c\rse1 ! p]son condemn$ to dea? %all be p>don$ to conc5tration camp = life40 7#aiga-;,b-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ea47 ,x is absurd to give any weight to ! allegation t ,himml] provid$ t ! subjects 7 to be volunte]s4 ,^! m5 knew t volunte]s c\ld n be secur$ & t 0 ! v reason = go+ to ,himml]4 ,?is is %[n 9 ! lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml] reque/+ t crim9als be made available due to ! fact t 8nobody is volunte]+40 ,! def5dant ,ruff admitt$ on ! /& t ! exp]im5ts conduct$ on !mselves & colleagues 9 ,b]l9 conc]n$ altitudes up to #ab1jjj met]s & t ! "q ( :at w\ld happ5 betwe5 #ab1jjj & #bj1jjj met]s 0 subsequ5tly inve/igat$ at ,da*au4 7,tr4 p4 #ffgi47 ,x is obvi\s1 !re=e1 t ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 ,weltz1 & ,ras*] 7 unwill+ to p]=m su* inve/igations on !mselves4 ,! evid5ce has prov$ t ! subjects us$ 9 ! high-altitude exp]im5ts 7 n1 ) a few m9or exceptions1 volunte]s4 ,! inmates 7 simply select$ at r&om 9 ! camp & =c$ to und]go ! exp]im5ts4 ,russians1 ,poles1 ,jews ( v>i\s nationalities1 & ,g]mans 7 us$4 ,russian prison]s ( w> 7 includ$1 z 7 _m political prison]s4 ,approximately #ahj to #bjj inmates 7 exp]im5t$ on1 ab\t #gj to #hj be+ kill$ z a result4 ,n m ?an #dj ( ^! _h be5 8condemn$ to dea?40 ,among ^? kill$ 7 political prison]s4 7,tr4 pp4 #fac-ah2 also ,tr4 p4 #dcb47 ,?is te/imony ( ,neff1 :o 0 ! inmate assi/ant 9 ! exp]im5ts & :o id5tifi$ ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,weltz1 is corroborat$ by ,ras*]'s cable ask+ if ,himml]'s amne/y rule appli$ to ,russians & ,poles :o _h be5 ext5sively us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts4 7#aiga-;,d-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eb47 ,! nationality & /atus ( inmates 7 easily disc]nible f ! badges worn on _! uni=ms4 ,ruff & ,romb]g c\ld h told f ^! t =eign nationals & political prison]s 7 be+ us$4 7,tr4 pp4 #faf-g47 ,! witness ,neff's te/imony reveals t approximately #aj prison]s 7 select$ z p]man5t1 exp]im5tal subjects1 b !y 7 n volunte]s4 7,tr4 pp4 #faa1 #fbb1 & #dcj47 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 a few 8volunte]s0 accord+ to ,neff4 ,he /at$ t 8!re 7 c]ta9 volunte]s = ^! exp]im5ts1 because ,ras*] promis$ c]ta9 p]sons t !y w\ld be releas$ f ! camp if !y und]w5t ^! exp]im5ts40 7,tr4 p4 #fad47 ,neff cle>ly po9t$ out t 9 view ( ! way ! prison] subjects 7 select$ & us$ x 0 n possible to "k :o 7 volunte]s1 if any1 & :o 7 n volunte]s4 7,tr4 pp4 #fjf-bf47 ,!y 7 n br\ght 9 & us$ z a sep>ate gr\p4 ,moreov]1 ! evid5ce %[s t ^! promises 7 n kept4 7,tr4 p4 #fae47 ,! only evid5ce ( a release is ! case ( ,sabota1 z outl9$ by ,neff1 & 9 t case he 0 s5t to an undesirable special ,,ss comm&o gr\p4 ,no dea? s5t5ces 7 commut$4 ,! def5se claims = ,ruff & ,romb]g t ! exp]im5ts at ,da*au 7 divid$ into two gr\ps4 ,! fir/ gr\p1 ! s-call$ ,ruff-,romb]g-,ras*] exp]im5ts1 0 noncrim9al1 :ile ! second gr\p1 ! ,ras*] exp]im5ts1 encompass$ all ! crimes4 ,!y cont5d t ! ,ruff-,romb]g-,ras*] exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ indep5d5tly ( ! ,ras*] exp]im5ts & t ! #aj orig9al subjects m5tion$ by ,neff & ,vieweg 7 us$ exclusively = ! ,ruff-,romb]g-,ras*] exp]im5ts4 ,despite ! te/imony ( ! witnesses & ! weight ( ! docum5t>y evid5ce1 !y w\ld h ! ,tribunal believe t by a wondr\s work+ ( fate ^! 7 all volunte]s & no crimes occurr$4 ,?is def5se is ( c\rse inapplicable to ,weltz4 ,ras*] 0 subord9at$ to & subject to 8 ord]s4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ,romb]g & ,ras*] :o te/$ !mselves 9 ! altitude *amb] at ,da*au ) an air pressure equival5t to #ab1ejj & #ac1ejj met]s altitude respectively1 = #cj to #dj m9utes1 discont9u$ ^! exp]im5ts on !mselves because ( int5se pa94 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,yet1 ^! m5 proce$$1 z prov$ by _! own jo9t report1 to conduct exp]im5ts on prison]s :i* !y w\ld n p]=m on !mselves4 ,! exp]im5t]s took no responsibility or ev5 int]e/ 9 see+ to x t ! alleg$ promises made to ! subjects to induce !m to 8volunte]0 7 kept4 7,tr4 p4 #fiic47 ,al?\gh ,romb]g said he _h no *annel to ,himml]1 he also admitt$ he visit$ ,himml] ) ,ras*] 9 ,july #aidb4 7,tr4 pp4 #gjae-f47 ,9 ?is connection1 we mu/ consid] ! conv5i5t l9e ( ! def5se4 ,by limit+ ! ,ruff-,romb]g-,ras*] exp]im5ts to ! #aj subjects1 we f9d t !y fur!r allege t no dea?s occurr$ 9 ^? exp]im5ts z oppos$ to a consid]able numb] ( dea?s 9 ! ,ras*] "w4 ,b ! witness ,neff1 9 describ+ ! fir/ day ( ! exp]im5ts1 emphatically /at$ t ! fir/ s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 n c>ri$ out on volunte]s4 ,fur!rmore1 ! def5dant ,ruff 0 also pres5t dur+ ^! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #fbb47 ,! def5dants' cont5tion t ! exp]im5ts 7 9 two gr\ps is explicitly d5i$ by ,neff4 ,he te/ifi$ t ,romb]g n only exp]im5t$ ) ,ras*] on ! orig9al #aj subjects1 b also on a l>ge numb] ( o!r prison]s4 ,! di/9ction fabricat$ by ! def5dants _c possibly be cr$it$ 9 ! light ( ,neff's te/imony4 ,on be+ ask$ ! "q :e!r ,romb]g exp]im5t$ only on ! #aj orig9al subjects1 ,neff repli$3 8,exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ n only ) ^! t5 p]sons b1 = example1 9 a s]ies ( exp]im5ts :i* ,romb]g also conduct$ on a l>ge numb] ( o!r prison]s4 ,! di/9ction :i* ! def5se c\nsel tries to make betwe5 exp]im5ts includ$ 9 ! report to ! ,luftgau or ( dea?--x is impossible = me to make ?is di/9ction & to di/+ui% betwe5 ^? :i* fell into "o category or ! o!r40 7,tr4 p4 #fia47 ,:i* is to be believ$1 ! te/imony ( ,neff1 plus "o's common s5se1 or ! self-s]v+ /atem5ts ( ! def5dants8 ,?is is a "q ! ,tribunal mu/ answ]4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z half a murd]]4 ,^! def5dants are responsible = ^? murd]s or !y are n responsible4 ,!re is n "o sc9tilla ( evid5ce to support ! ridicul\s cont5tion t a gr\p ( volunte]s1 segregat$ = use by ,romb]g1 wore diff]5t color$ %irts s he c\ld tell !m ap>t & 7 treat$ ) ! greate/ def]5ce4 ,b t is j :at ,ruff & ,romb]g ask ! ,tribunal to f9d4 ,x is absolutely impossible 9 ! face ( ! record4 ,?is1 alleg$ disassociation ( ,ruff & ,romb]g f ! 8crimes committ$ exclusively by ,ras*]0 is 9 complete contradiction to ! acts ( ^! def5dants dur+ ! exp]im5ts1 :i* aft] all speak mu* l\d] ?an _! pres5t te/imony4 ,neff te/ifi$ t ,romb]g p]sonally witness$ at lea/ five dea?s dur+ ! exp]im5ts1 & t he made no ef=t to /op !m nor did he ev5 prote/ aft] ! ev5t4 7,tr4 p4 #fai47 ,romb]g admitt$ see+ ?ree dea?s & t he knew t five to t5 o!r murd]s took place 9 8 abs5ce4 7,,no-#dgf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dj47 ,! fir/ dea? ,romb]g saw1 he said1 occurr$ 9 ,april4 ,he report$ ?is to ,ruff4 ,yet ! exp]im5ts 7 n discont9u$4 ,!y w5t on to ! end ( ,june & /ill m dea?s occurr$ :i* ,romb]g saw4 ,to say ! lea/ ( x1 ^! def5dants made !mselves a p>ty to murd] by cont9u+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,?is is true no matt] h[ innoc5t !y may h be5 up to ! fir/ dea?4 ,!y 7 duty b\nd to /op ! exp]im5ts imm$iately1 remove ! *amb]1 & =ce a c\rt m>tial ( ,ras*]4 ,!y did none ( ^! simple & obvi\s ?+s4 ,!y did n = ! v reason t dea?s 7 expect$ f ! v beg9n+ & 7 a "p ( ! exp]im5tal plan4 ,romb]g saw ^! m5 die & did absolutely no?+4 ,x 0 )9 8 p[] to save !m at ! "t4 ,he said he 0 op]at+ ! electroc>diograph4 ,he knew precisely by _! he>t action :5 ! subjects 7 9 dang] ( dy+4 ,he also knew ?is f 8 k ( reaction to high altitudes4 ,he c\ld see & read ! pressure gauges4 ,he c\ld h turn$ ! pressure d[n & sav$ _! lives by simply mov+ ! gauge :i* 0 )9 arm's rea*4 ,he 0 a bigg] man ?an ,ras*]4 ,=ce c\ld h be5 us$ if necess>y4 ,n only did he d no?+ :ile ! helpless victims di$ be=e 8 v eyes1 b he assi/$ 9 ! autopsies4 ,aft] all ^! murd]s _h occurr$ & 7 kn[n to !m1 ,ruff & ,romb]g /ill w5t on4 ,!y issu$ a jo9t report on ! exp]im5ts 9 ! "n ( ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,ras*] 9 ,july #aidb4 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,!y 7 /ill collaborat+ ) ?is admitt$ murd]] & gave him ! cov] ( _! sci5tific reputation4 ,romb]g receiv$ a m$al = 8 "w 9 ! exp]im5ts on ! recomm5dation ( ,ras*]4 7#afjg-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fe47 ,romb]g 0 /ill support+ ,ras*] 9 ,septemb] #aidb & 0 to h made an oral report to ,mil* on ! exp]im5ts ) ,ras*]4 ,he wrote a memor&um on ,ras*]'s behalf expla9+ t ! report 0 n giv5 because ,mil* 0 unable to receive !m at ! s*$ul$ "t4 ,?is same memor&um1 sign$ by ,romb]g1 proves t he 0 anxi\s to cont9ue high-altitude exp]im5ts ) ,ras*] & ask$ = ,mil*'s p]mission4 ,he wrote3 8,ob]/>zt ,kalk /at$ t he 0 will+ to report to ! ,/ate ,secret>y 7,mil*7 our wi%es conc]n+ ! di/ribution ( ! report & ! cont9uation ( ! exp]im5ts4 99 99 99 ,ob]/>zt ,kalk _h transmitt$1 /ill on #aa ,septemb]1 our wi%es conc]n+ di/ribution & confirmation ( ! exp]im5ts to ! ,/ate ,secret>y4 ,! ,/ate ,secret>y _h approv$ ! di/ribution s*$ule1 & said t a cont9uation ( ! exp]im5t 0 n urg5t40 7,,no-#bbd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gf47 ,9 ! meantime1 ! murd]\s freez+ exp]im5ts _h be5 />t$ ) ! ,luftwaffe team ( ,holzloehn]1 ,f9ke1 & ,ras*]4 ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,weltz all he>d ! report ( ^? exp]im5ts 9 ,nu]nb]g 9 ,octob] #aidb4 7,,no-#dja1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ic47 ,hippke himself wrote 8 special ?anks to ,himml] on #h ,octob] #aidb1 & said3 8,:5 ! "w w ne$ once m y\r sympa!tic assi/ance1 may ,i be all[$ to get 9 t\* ) y aga9 ?r\gh ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*]80 7,,no-#bhi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gb47 99 99 99 99 99 ,analysis ( ! ,exp]im5ts ,! exp]im5ts at ,da*au 9 ! field ( high-altitude rese>* 7 conduct$ to det]m9e human reactions to altitudes above #ab1jjj met]s4 ,! def5dant ,romb]g /at$ t f\r s]ies ( exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ 7a7 sl[ desc5t )\t oxyg51 7b7 sl[ desc5t ) oxyg51 7c7 fall+ )\t oxyg51 & 7d7 fall+ ) oxyg54 7,,no-#dgf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dj47 ,! fir/ two te/s 7 design$ to simulate desc5t ) p>a*ute op5 :ile ! latt] two a free fall f an airplane be=e ! p>a*ute op5s4 ,z po9t$ out 9 ,dr4 ,ras*]'s fir/ int]im report on ! exp]im5ts1 an additional problem 0 to be solv$1 namely1 ! det]m9ation :e!r ! !oretically e/abli%$ norms p]ta9+ to ! l5g? ( life ( human be+s brea?+ air ) only a small portion ( oxyg5 & subject$ to l[ pressure correspond ) ! results obta9$ by practical exp]i5ce4 ,?is int]im report ( ,ras*]'s /ates z foll[s3 8#b4 ,exp]im5ts te/+ ! l5g? ( life ( a human be+ above ! normal brea?+ limits 7#d1 #e1 #f km47 h n be5 conduct$ at all1 s9ce x has be5 a =egone conclusion t ! human exp]im5tal subject 7,v]su*sp]son-,,vp7 w\ld suff] dea?40 ,! exp]im5ts conduct$ by myself & ,dr4 ,romb]g prov$ ! foll[+3 8,exp]im5ts on p>a*ute jumps prov$ t ! lack ( oxyg5 & ! l[ atmosph]ic pressure at #ab or #ac km4 altitude did n cause dea?4 ,altoge!r #ae extreme exp]im5ts ( ?is type 7 c>ri$ out 9 :i* none ( ,,vp di$4 ,v sev]e b5ds toge!r ) unconsci\sness occurr$1 b completely normal functions ( ! s5ses return$ :5 a height ( #g km4 0 rea*$ on desc5t4 ,electroc>diograms regi/]+ dur+ ! exp]im5ts did %[ c]ta9 irregul>ities1 b by ! "t ! exp]im5ts 7 ov] ! curves _h return$ to normal & !y did n indicate any abnormal *anges dur+ ! foll[+ days4 ,! ext5t to :i* det]ioration ( ! organism may occur due to cont9u\sly repeat$ exp]im5ts c only be e/abli%$ at ! end ( ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,! extreme fatal exp]im5ts w be c>ri$ out on specially select$ ,,vp's o!rwise x w\ld n be possible to ex]cise ! rigid control s extraord9>ily important = practical purposes40 ,emphasis suppli$4 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #di47 ,?us1 x is cle> t ! exp]im5ts 7 plann$ & execut$ ) ! int5tion t "s 7 to t]m9ate fatally4 ,?is report cov]$ ! p]iod up to ! fir/ week 9 ,april & m5tion ( dea?s & autopsies is made4 ,?is q obvi\sly 0 ! in/ance :5 ,romb]g says he saw 8 fir/ dea? & autopsy1 al?\gh he t5ds to place ! date z ! latt] "p ( ,april4 7,,no-#dgf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dj47 ,if ! exp]im5ts _h be5 /opp$ !re ! lives ( _m subjects w\ld h be5 sav$4 ,! def5dants argue t1 :ile ! exp]im5ts may h kill$ p]sons1 !y did n involve torture & pa94 ,?is is on ! !ory t ! subjects lo/ consci\sness be=e any s5sation ( pa94 ,?is anomal\s def5se is completely disprov$ by ! photographic exhibits %[+ ! expressions ( pa9 ( ! subjects4 7,,no-#faj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #da47 z well z ! def5dants' own report on ! exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,! reaction ( "o subject 0 describ$ 9 t]ms su* z 8sev]e altitude sickness1 spasmodic convulsions04 ,9 a self-exp]im5t by ,romb]g & ,ras*]1 ! latt]'s reactions 7 describ$ z foll[s3 8,aft] #aj m9utes /ay at ?is altitude1 pa9s began on ! "r side ) a spa/ic p>alytic condition ( ! "r leg :i* increas$ cont9ually z ?\gh ,ra's ,ras*]'s :ole "r side 7 be+ cru%$ betwe5 two presses4 ,at ! same "t !re 7 mo/ sev]e heada*es z ?\gh ! skull 7 be+ bur/ ap>t4 ,! pa9s became cont9ually m sev]e s t at la/ ! discont9uation ( ! exp]im5t became necess>y40 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,!re is no case on record :]e an exp]im5t on an inmate 0 discont9u$ because ( pa94 ,ruff & ,romb]g take ! position t !y w\ld be mo/ unwill+ to kill prison]s 9 ! c\rse ( an exp]im5t4 ,!y insi/ t _! exp]im5ts ) ,ras*] 7 conc]n$ ) ! problem ( explosive decompression & on p>a*ute desc5t f high altitudes1 :]eas ,ras*] alone work$ on soj\rn or a m prolong$ /ay at high altitudes1 & t x 0 9 ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts t prison]s 7 kill$4 ,?is aga9 is ! artificial division ( ! exp]im5ts into ! crim9al & noncrim9al :i* has already be5 prov$ to be spuri\s4 ,b "h aga91 ! two self-exp]im5ts :i* ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,ras*] includ$ 9 _! jo9t f9al report z m5tion$ above 7 exp]im5ts on prolong$ /ay at high altitude1 a subject :i* !y n[ claim 0 exclusively ,ras*]'s4 ,! only reason t ?is exp]im5t did n end fatally 0 ! fact t x 0 int]rupt$ 9 "t because ( int5se pa94 ,moreov]1 on page #aa ( ! f9al report by ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,weltz ! foll[+ is said3 8,?is is wor?y ( special att5tion because 9 ?is case a p]son has fully recov]$ m5tally at an altitude ( #h4c km4 7#bg1bcj ft471 aft] #c m9utes ( ! mo/ sev]e lack ( oxyg51 :ile 9 altitude endurance exp]im5ts at ?is altitude sev]e altitude sickness sets 9 aft] ab\t #c m9utes40 ,emphasis suppli$4 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,"h1 aga91 x is prov$ f _! own report t ,ruff & ,romb]g1 z well z ,ras*]1 7 conc]n$ ) soj\rn at high altitudes4 ,exp]im5ts1 9 :i* prison]s 7 kill$1 are report$ 9 ,ras*]'s report to ,himml] ( #aa ,may #aidb4 7,,no-#bbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fa47 ,"s prison]s 7 kill$ by keep+ !m at #ab1jjj met]s )\t oxyg5 = #cj m9utes2 "o 0 kill$ at #bj1jjj met]s :5 expos$ !re = ab\t #f m9utes )\t oxyg54 ,^! prison]s 7 autopsi$ to asc]ta9 if bubbles ( gas1 call$ air embolism 9 ,ras*]'s report ( #aa ,may #aidb1 7 pres5t 9 ! blood vessels ( ! bra9 & o!r organs :5 dissect$ "u wat]4 ,"s 8,jewi% pr(essional crim9als0 :o _h committ$ 8,rass5s*&e0 7race pollution7#ah 7 kill$ = ano!r reason3 8,to f9d out :e!r ! sev]e psy*ic & physical effects1 z m5tion$ "u ,no4 #c1 are due to ! =mation ( embolism1 ! foll[+ 0 done3 ,aft] relative recup]ation f su* a p>a*ute desc5d+ te/ _h tak5 place1 h[ev] be=e rega9+ consci\sness1 "s ,,vp's 7 kept "u wat] until !y di$4 ,:5 ! skull & ! cavities ( ! brea/ & ( ! abdom5 _h be5 op5$ "u wat]1 an enorm\s am\nt ( air embolism 0 f\nd 9 ! vessels ( ! bra91 ! coron>y vessels & ! vessels ( ! liv] & ! inte/9es1 etc40 7,,no-#bbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fa47 ,x %\ld be not$ t ^! murd]s 7 committ$ 9 connection ) ! p>a*ute desc5d+ te/s1 n prolong$ /ay at high altitudes1 & ?is 0 ! v subject be+ /udi$ by ,ruff & ,romb]g4 ,romb]g te/ifi$ t he 0 pres5t at ! dea? ( ?ree ( ^! prison]s1 "o 9 ,april & two 9 ,may #aidb1 & witness$ an autopsy ( "o1 9 :i* gas bubbles 7 pres5t 9 ! blood vessels ( ! bra94 ,he report$ ^! dea?s to ,ruff4 7,,no-#dgf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dj47 ,neff te/ifi$ ,romb]g 0 pres5t 9 five cases :]e fatalities occurr$ 7,tr4 pp4 #fai1 #fib47 & ,romb]g admitt$ t he knew t five to t5 o!r exp]im5tal subjects 7 kill$ :ile he 0 n pres5t4 7,,no-#dgf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dj47 ,neff /at$ t ,romb]g actively p>ticipat$ 9 ! majority ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,he obs]v$ ! exp]im5ts1 took notes1 & /udi$ ! electroc>diogram & ?us 0 able to det]m9e :5 an exp]im5tal subject 9 ! *amb] 0 ab\t to die4 7,tr4 p4 #fea47 ,x is incr$ible t ,dr4 ,ruff 0 n in=m$ reg>d+ ! f9d+ ( bubbles 9 ! blood vessels ( ! bra9 s9ce su* obs]vations 9 human be+s :o h di$ foll[+ too rapid atmosph]ic decompression is a v1 v unique ev5t1 ?\gh bubbles _h be5 obs]v$ _m times prior to #aidb 9 ! blood vessels ( laboratory animals4 ,x is inconceivable t ,dr4 ,ruff1 or anyone else 9 ! field ( aviation m$ic9e1 _h n he>d ( ! bubble !ory ( ! cause ( jo9t pa9s1 c\gh+1 bl9dness1 or p>alysis1 or ! symptoms ( ! pressure drop sickness1 :i* may occur on exposure to high altitude1 s9ce ?is !ory 0 well kn[n 9 lit]ature & text books ( aviation m$ic9e available s9ce #aich4 ,h[ else w\ld ,ras*] h _h occasion to look = ! bubbles8 ,he ei!r le>n$ ( ! !ory dur+ a c\rse 9 aviation m$ic9e or 0 told ab\t x by ,ruff & ,romb]g1 :o knew mu* m ?an ,ras*] ab\t aviation m$ic9e4 ,x is fanta/ic t ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,ras*] did n h 9 m9d ! obs]vations ( bubbles 9 ! blood vessels ( ! murd]$ prison]s1 :51 9 ! f9al jo9t report ( #bh ,july #aidb1 !y wrote3 8,9 spite ( ! relatively l>ge numb] ( exp]im5ts1 ! actual cause ( ! sev]e m5tal di/urbances & bodily failures 7p>alysis1 bl9dness1 etc47 att5dant ^u po/-hypoxemic twilight /ate rema9s some?+ ( a riddle4 ,x appe>$ (t5 z ?\gh ! ph5om5a ( pressure drop sickness _h comb9$ ) ! results ( sev]e oxyg5 lack04 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,x has be5 ! !ory = "s "t t ! symptoms associat$ ) decompression or pressure-drop sickness may be due to ! =mation ( gas bubbles 7air embolism7 9 ! blood vessels ( ! bra9 or 9 ! regions ( ! jo9ts or 9 ! blood vessels ( ! lungs4 ,:5 ! bubbles collect 9 ! blood vessels ( ! bra91 !y are suppos$ to cause a physical or m5tal di/urbance or p>alysis4 ,:5 ! gas bubbles collect 9 ! region ( ! jo9ts1 !y are suppos$ to cause pa9 9 ! region ( ! jo9ts4 ,:5 ! bubbles collect 9 ! blood vessels 9 ! lungs1 !y are suppos$ to cause ! *okes or attacks ( c\gh+4 ,t has be5 a !ory t has be5 held = "s #ae or #bj ye>s1 & an exp]t 9 ! field ( aviation m$ic9e c\ld n h be5 unaw>e ( x4 7,tr4 pp4 #ijih-i47 ,s9ce ,ras*] _h obs]v$ bubbles z is describ$ 9 8 report ( #aa ,may #aidb1 & s9ce ,ruff & ,romb]g _h complete k ( ! dea?s1 obvi\sly ^! important f9d+s ( ,ras*] on air embolism did n escape ! att5tion ( ,ruff & ,romb]g4 ,x c only be conclud$ t ^! f9d+s1 :i* result$ f int5tion$ dea?s1 =m ! basis ( ! p>agraph quot$ above f ! f9al report4 ,because ( ! nature ( ! subject matt]1 & a prior k ( ! obs]vations 9 ! autopsies 9 ! exp]im5ts1 ! ideas express$ 9 ! p>agraph quot$ above _c be sep>at$ f ^? 9 ! ,ras*] report ( #aa ,may4 ,s te/ifi$ ! exp]t witness ,dr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,ivy4 7,tr4 p4 #iaea47 ,all ( ?is proves aga9 t ! te/imony ( ,ruff & ,romb]g to ! effect !y _h no?+ to d ) ! s-call$ 8,ras*] exp]im5ts0 is completely false4 ,ev5 ?\gh dea?s are n specifically m5tion$ 9 ! jo9t report ( #bh ,july1 x is cle> f ,dr4 ,ivy's te/imony t ! f9d+s 9 ! dea? cases =m ! basis = a "p ( t report4 ,ruff & ,romb]g w\ld h ! ,tribunal believe t ! exp]im5ts 7 complet$ & ! *amb] remov$ f ,da*au by #bj ,may #aidb4 ,s9ce ,romb]g knew ( & report$ on ! dea?s to ,ruff 9 ,april1 !re cle>ly 0 no excuse :atev] to leave ! *amb] 9 ,da*au = ev5 ano!r day4 ,b accord+ to _! own /ory1 x /ay$ until #bj ,may & ,romb]g saw two m m5 kill$4 ,!y attempt$ to gloss ov] _! crim9al p>ticipation 9 ^! lat] murd]s by say+ t ! *amb] c\ld n be mov$ )\t ord]s f ! ,luftwaffe ,m$ical ,inspector4 ,be t z x may1 su* a te*nical violation ( mov+ ! *amb] )\t ord]s is h>dly comp>able to ! crime ( leav+ ! *amb] = fur!r exp]im5ts by a man :om !y admit !y knew to h be5 a murd]]4 ,inde$1 any dec5t sup]ior :o 0 n himself a p>ty to ! crime1 z !y actually 71 w\ld und\bt$ly h c\rt-m>tial$ ,ruff & ,romb]g = leav+ ! *amb] !re1 n to speak ( ,ras*]4 ,b x is n true t ! *amb] left ,da*au on #bj ,may #aidb z !y p]juri\sly /at$4 ,!y seiz$ ^u ?is date f ,mil*'s lett] to ,wolff /at+ t ! *amb] 0 ne$$ else:]e4 7#cdc-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fb47 ,!re cle>ly 0 an int5tion to transf] ! *amb]1 b x 0 n 9 fact mov$ & ?is 0 und\bt$ly due to ! jo9t ef=ts ( ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,ras*]4 ,romb]g 0 anxi\s to cont9ue 8 crim9al "w ) ,ras*] 9 ,septemb] #aidb z has be5 po9t$ out above4 ,9 any ev5t1 on #d ,june #aidb1 ,mil* au?oriz$ ret5tion ( ! *amb] 9 ,da*au = two m mon?s4 7,,no-#bfa1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fc47 ,on #be ,june ?is ord] 0 pass$ on to ,ras*] by ,heck5/all]1 adjutant to ,wolff1 ref]5ce be+ made to a lett] ( #e ,june f ,ras*]4 7,,no-#bhd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fd47 ,^! docum5ts prove beyond d\bt t ! *amb] rema9$ 9 ,da*au until ,july #aidb4 ,! te/imony ( ,neff n only proves t ! exp]im5ts cont9u$ until ,july #aidb b also t ,romb]g 0 pres5t$ ) a rem>kable opportunity to discont9ue ! exp]im5ts )\t any tr\ble :atev]4 ,neff /at$ t ,romb]g told him 9 ! latt] "p ( ,may t ! *amb] 0 to be transf]r$ 7und\bt$ly z a result ( ,mil*'s lett] ( #bj ,may :i* 0 lat] c\nt]m&$7 &1 "u ! impression t ,romb]g might n be 9 favor ( any cont9uation ( ! exp]im5ts1 he sabotag$ ! *amb] by break+ a glass b>omet] 9 ord] to make sure ! *amb] w\ld be s5t away4 ,in/ead ( seiz+ ?is opportunity = /opp+ ! exp]im5ts by remov+ ! damag$ *amb]1 ,romb]g ru%$ to ,b]l91 obta9$ sp>e p>ts1 & 9 a matt] ( #b weeks _h ! *amb] function+ aga9 = m murd]\s exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #fbc-d47 ,! *amb] 0 us$ = ano!r #c weeks aft] x 0 repair$ & five p]sons 7 kill$ on ! la/ day ( ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #fbd47 ,al?\gh ! def5se attack$ ,neff on cross-exam9ation conc]n+ ! sabotage ( ! *amb] 7,tr4 p4 #ffc71 by ! "t ,romb]g took ! /& !y admitt$ ! *amb] 0 damag$ b mov$ ! :ole incid5t to ! mon? ( ,may in/ead ( ,june4 7,tr4 p4 #fije47 ,?is 0 obvi\sly done on ! !ory t ! ,tribunal c\ld be deceiv$ into believ+ t v few exp]im5ts c\ld h be5 conduct$ 9 ,may s9ce !y cont5d ! *amb] 0 mov$ on #bj ,may4 ,b ! docum5ts & ,neff's te/imony cle>ly e/abli%$ t ! *amb] 0 !re until ,july4 ,moreov]1 x matt]s little :e!r ! *amb] 0 damag$ 9 ,may or ,june4 ,romb]g 9 no ev5t took ! opportunity to /op ! exp]im5ts on ! gr\nd ( unavailable sp>e p>ts1 al?\gh ?is opportunity w\ld n h be5 ne$$ if he really want$ to discont9ue !m4 ,he ne$ h done no?+ m complex ?an to h s5t ! *amb] away or left himself4 ,ruff's & ,romb]g's guilt is beyond d\bt :5 we consid] t !y did n take ! opportunity to )draw aft] ! fir/ dea? ( an exp]im5tal subject 9 ,april #aidb4 ,romb]g admitt$ 8 pres5ce at ! dea? ( ?is fir/ subject4 7,tr4 p4 #fibd47 ,he 0 /udy+ ! electroc>diogram at ! "t ( ! exp]im5ts 7,,no-#dgf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dj71 b he w\ld h ! ,tribunal f9d t he 0 an innoc5t by/&] :o 0 privileg$ to d no?+4 ,?is 0 j ano!r 8,,ss exp]im5t0 accord+ to ,romb]g4 ,b ,romb]g admitt$ t he 0 work+ ! electroc>diogram & 0 /udy+ ! po9t ( light t foll[s ! he>t4 ,:5 he saw t ! critical po9t _h be5 rea*$1 he said he spoke to ,ras*] 7,tr4 p4 #fibg71 b to no avail z ,ras*] cont9u$ ! exp]im5t until dea? result$4 ,?is te/imony ( assum$ impot5ce :5 a man 0 sl[ly kill$ be=e 8 eyes is an insult to "o's intellig5ce4 ,romb]g 0 ! s5ior sci5ti/ & 0 fully aw>e ( ! fact t ! dang] zone _h be5 rea*$ z he 0 ?or\ghly famili> ) ! equipm5t be+ us$4 ,he has outl9$ = ! ,tribunal ! proximity ( ! electroc>diogram to ! controls ( ! *amb] 7,tr4 p4 #fibi71 & x is inconceivable t ,romb]g c\ld n h tak5 ! necess>y action to h sp>$ ?is exp]im5tal subject's life if he _h s desir$4 ,! inescapable fact is t ^! dea?s 7 "p ( ! plan & ,romb]g n only _h no desire to int]f]e b 0 v mu* int]e/$ 9 ! cause ( dea? ?r\gh air embolism4 ,assum+ t ,romb]g 0 oppos$ to ?is fatal exp]im5t1 x is impossible to und]/& :y he did n take ! appropriate action to h ,ras*] prosecut$ = ?is prem$itat$ murd]4 ,! fact ( ! matt] is t ,romb]g m]ely report$ ?is dea? to ,ruff 7,tr4 p4 #ficb71 & no appropriate action 0 tak5 by ,ruff ei!r4 ,al?\gh alleg+ an objection to ?is fatality1 ,romb]g admits p>ticipation 9 ! autopsy ( ! un=tunate victim4 ,?is autopsy cle>ly bore out ! fact t air embolism 0 ! cause ( dea?4 ,:5 ask$ if he p>ticipat$ 9 ?is autopsy1 ,romb]g answ]$1 8,yes1 ,i wat*$ "o autopsy4 ,t 0 my duty40 7,tr4 p4 #fibd47 ,romb]g te/ifi$ t he saw two o!r dea?s & t air embolism also caus$ ^?4 7,tr4 pp4 #fibe-f47 ,ruff & ,romb]g lay great /ress on ! po9t t dea?s are n m5tion$ 9 ! jo9t report ( #bh ,july #aidb ( ,romb]g1 ,ruff1 & ,ras*]4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is a v und]/&able omission1 b x 9 no way proves t !y are n responsible = ^? murd]s4 ,inde$1 ! jo9t report ( #bh ,july #aidb 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff7 is id5tical ) ,ras*]'s report ( #aa ,may #aidb 7,,no-#bbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fa7 except = ! specific m5tion+ ( ! dea?s4 ,= example1 p>agraph #c ( ! ,ras*] report is a summ>y ( "p ,,iii-#a1 pages #c to #ah1 & "p ,,iii-#b1 pages #ah to #ai ( ! jo9t f9al report4 ,p>agraph #d ( ,ras*]'s report conta9s results set out 9 "p ,,iii-#d1 pages #ba to #bb1 ( ! jo9t f9al report4 ,p>agraph #e ( ,ras*]'s report is id5tical ) "p ,,iii-#c1 pages #ai to #ba1 ( ! jo9t f9al report4 ,p>agraph #f ( ! ,ras*] report :]e ! p]vit9 exp]im5ts are m5tion$ is allud$ to 9 ! p]vit9 data 9 ! jo9t f9al report on page #ah4 ,p>agraph #g ( ! ,ras*] report conta9s ! conclusions incorporat$ 9 ! jo9t f9al report & gives details on ! gas bubble data :i* are ref]r$ to on pages #af to #ah ( ! jo9t f9al report1 b f :i* is omitt$ ref]5ce to ! autopsy results ( ! murd]$ prison]s4 ,^! v>i\s passages 7 comp>$ by ! witness ,ivy & he conclud$ t !y ref] to ! same subject matt]4 7,tr4 p4 #ijig47 ,ruff attempts to expla9 ! omission ( m5tion ( dea?s 9 ! f9al report on ! gr\nd t ! dea?s did n occur z a result ( _! exp]im5ts on rescue f high altitudes 7i4 e41 p>a*ute desc5d+ te/s71 b r 9 ,ras*]'s own exp]im5ts ) :i* !y _h no?+ to d 7i4 e41 prolong$ /ay at high altitudes74 7,tr4 p4 #feib47 ,x has already be5 prov$ t ! basic premise to ?is spuri\s argum5t is completely false1 s9ce ,ruff & ,romb]g !mselves 7 n int]e/$ 9 soj\rn at high altitudes4 ,! self-exp]im5ts ( ,romb]g & ,ras*] 7 j su* te/s & !y are specifically m5tion$ 9 ! f9al report4 ,^! involv$ a /ay ( #cj to #dj m9utes at altitudes betwe5 #ab & #ac4e kilomet]s 7#ci1djj to #dd1bij feet74 ,b s also is ! m9or premise wrong4 ,dea?s 7 delib]ately br\ght ab\t 9 ! c\rse ( ! p>a*ute desc5d+ te/s4 ,9 ^! te/s x _h be5 not$ t ! subjects suff]$ f spasmodic & clonic convulsions toge!r ) p>alysis4 ,?is is report$ 9 p>agraph #c ( ,ras*]'s memor&um ( #aa ,may #aidb on ! exp]im5ts & also on pages #ac ?r\gh #ah ( ! f9al report4 ,9 8 memor&um1 ,ras*] /at$3 8,to f9d out :e!r ! sev]e psy*ic & physical effects1 z m5tion$ "u ,no4 #c1 are due to ! =mation ( embolism1 ! foll[+ 0 done3 ,aft] relative recup]ation f su* a p>a*ute desc5d+ te/ _h tak5 place1 h[ev] be=e rega9+ consci\sness1 "s ,,vp's 7 kept "u wat] until !y di$4 ,:5 ! skull & ! cavities ( ! brea/ & ( ! abdom5 _h be5 op5$ "u wat]1 an enorm\s am\nt ( air embolism 0 f\nd 9 ! vessels ( ! bra91 ! coron>y vessels1 & ! vessels ( ! liv] & ! inte/9es1 etc40 ,emphasis suppli$4 7,,no-#bbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fa47 ,?is proves beyond any d\bt t murd]s 7 committ$ 9 ! p>a*ute desc5d+ te/s ( ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,ras*]4 ,ruff aga9 tri$ to deceive ! ,tribunal by te/ify+ t x 0 sub/antially impossible = air embolism to =m 9 p>a*ute desc5d+ te/s4 ,?is is obvi\sly disprov$ by ! /atem5t ( ,ras*] quot$ above & by ! ref]5ce 9 ! f9al report1 already m5tion$ above1 :i* alludes to ?is same problem4 ,b ! lie 0 also squ>ely nail$ by ! exp]t witness ,ivy1 :o te/ifi$ t x 0 possible = air embolism to =m 9 subjects :o 7 at altitudes above #ab1jjj met]s 7#ci1djj feet7 only #c m9utes1 t is to say1 subjects :o bail$ out at #ae1jjj met]s4 ,bubbles may =m z l[ z #cj1jjj feet4 7,tr4 p4 #iajb47 ,?us1 ! def5se t no dea?s occurr$ dur+ ! exp]im5ts conc]n+ rescue f high altitudes is completely spuri\s4 ,moreov]1 x %\ld be not$ t :ile ! jo9t f9al report does n describe any ( ! dea? cases1 x also does n d5y t dea?s occurr$4 ,on page #be ( ! orig9al1 x says3 8,9 conclusion1 we mu/ make x p>ticul>ly cle> t1 9 view ( ! extreme exp]im5tal conditions 9 ?is :ole exp]im5tal s]ies1 no fatality & no la/+ injury due to oxyg5 lack occurr$40 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,! dea?s describ$ 9 ,ras*]'s report quot$ above 7 n due to lack ( oxyg5 b 7 delib]ate kill+s to inve/igate air embolism4 ,b ev5 ! exp]im5ts :i* ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,weltz admit 7 plann$ & p]=m$ "u _! responsibility 7 highly dang]\s to ! life & heal? ( ! subjects4 ,bo? ,ruff & ,romb]g agre$ t #ab1jjj met]s 0 ! upp] limit ( safety & t exp]im5ts ( ! type !y p]=m$ above t altitude 7 haz>d\s4 ,! description ( ! reaction ( ! subjects z set =? 9 ! f9al report proves t ! subject suff]$ sev]e convulsions & prolong$ p]iods ( disori5tation4 ,! exp]t witness ,ivy po9t$ out t ! exp]im5ts describ$ 9 ! f9al report ( ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,weltz 7 highly dang]\s = ! foll[+ reasons3 8,i consid] !m to be dang]\s because ( ! prolong$ p]iod ( unconsci\sness to :i* ! subjects 7 expos$4 ,= example1 !y 7 unconsci\s = p]iods ( ar\nd tw5ty m9utes1 & !y 7 disori5t$ = p]iods ( ar\nd ?irty to n9ety m9utes4 ,t is a dang]\s p]iod ( oxyg5 lack to :i* to expose ! bra94 ,i agree t 99 99 99 ! electroc>diogram demon/rates t ! he>t ( ^! subjects 0 n mom5t>ily affect$ or significantly affect$ by ?is prolong$ exposure to oxyg5 lack4 ,b ^! exp]im5ts d n %[1 or ! results d n %[ t ! cells ( ! bra9 7 n injur$4 ,"o ( ! high] faculties ( ! bra9 is le>n+1 & we "k t ! le>n+ process is r s5sitive to oxyg5 lack1 & ! only way to *eck aga9/ ! possibility ( damage ( ! le>n+ me*anism by prolong$ exposure to oxyg5 lack w\ld h be5 to h det]m9$ ! ,i4 ,q4 ( ^! subjects or ! ability ( ^! subjects to le>n be=e & aft] ! subjects 7 expos$ to su* a prolong$ p]iod ( oxyg5 lack40 7,tr4 p4 #ijcf47 ,dr4 ,ivy te/ifi$ t ! exp]im5ts describ$ 9 ! f9al report _h rea*$ ! physiological limit & t "w 0 be+ done 9 a v dang]\s & haz>d\s zone z f> z ! welf>e ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 0 conc]n$4 ,he said t he %\ld be reluctant to p]=m su* exp]im5ts ev5 on himself & t he w\ld pref] to dep5d ^u t degree ( accuracy :i* c\ld be obta9$ f calculations ( ! results ( animal exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #ijha1 #iaab1 & #iaig47 ,f9ally x %\ld be not$ t ! exp]im5ts 7 nei!r necess>y nor a sci5tific success4 8,necessity ( ! ,/ate0 has be5 mu* us$ by ! def5dants z if x 7 a def5se4 ,?is is cle>ly unf\nd$ ev5 ?\gh necessity1 milit>y or o!rwise1 be assum$4 ,x is to be suppos$ t ea* def5dant ?\ght !re 0 "s necessity to :at he 0 do+4 ,?is is no def5se4 ,ras*] ?\ght ! same ?+4 ,x 0 deem$ necess>y to inc>c]ate hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( p]sons 9 conc5tration camps4 ,x 0 deem$ necess>y to murd] millions ( ,jews4 ,! slave labor policy 0 bottom$ on necessity4 ,if t is a def5se1 !n ^! trials lose all mean+4 ,b1 on ! o!r h& if x is prov$ t ^! exp]im5ts 7 n necess>y1 n ( sci5tific value1 !n x makes ! guilty ev5 m guilty4 ,! brutal sacrifice ( human life 0 to no avail4 ,& su* 0 ! case "h4 ,hippke1 ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe1 :5 writ+ 8 ?anks to ,himml] on #h ,octob] #aidb said ! foll[+3 8,x is true t no conclusions z to ! practice ( p>a*ut+ c be drawn = ! "t be+1 z a v important factor1 namely1 cold has s f> n yet be5 tak5 into consid]ation2 x places an extraord9>y excess burd5 on ! entire body & its vital movem5ts1 s t ! results 9 actual practice w v likely prove to be f> m unfavorable ?an 9 ! pres5t exp]im5ts40 7,,no-#bhi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gb47 ,:5 ask$ 8 op9ion conc]n+ ! necessity = ! typical exp]im5t describ$ on page #ac ( ! f9al report ( ,ruff1 ,romb]g1 & ,ras*]1 ! witness ,ivy te/ifi$3 8,i d n believe t x 0 necess>y to d ?is exp]im5t 9 ord] to det]m9e ! equipm5t to supply aviators :o h to bail out ( an airplane at high altitude40 7,tr4 p4 #ijce47 ,! witness ,ivy /at$ fur!r t ! in=mation :i* 0 obta9$ by ^! exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates c\ld h be5 obta9$ f animals z indicat$ by ! results ( ,lutz' & ,w5dt's animal "w ref]r$ to 9 ! f9al report4 ,! diff]5ces 9 ! reactions ( human subjects & animals1 z report$ by ,lutz & ,w5dt1 7 n suffici5t to w>rant ! c>ry+ out ( ^! haz>d\s exp]im5ts on human be+s4 7,tr4 p4 #ijcf47 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selections ,f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,ruff#ai 99 99 99 99 99 ,c]ta9ly ,dr4 ,ruff gave 8 agreem5t & approval to high-altitude te/s ) a l[-pressure *amb] ( ! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/ry be+ p]=m$ by 8 collaborator ( _m ye>s1 ,dr4 ,romb]g1 toge!r ) ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*]1 9 a conc5tration camp1 us+ conc5tration camp inmates z exp]im5tal subjects4 ,he agre$ aft] ! p]=mance ( urg5t exp]im5ts 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp _h already be5 agre$ ^u 9 pr9ciple & approv$ by ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hippke & ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,weltz4 ,!re=e1 ! "q arises :e!r ^! high-altitude exp]im5ts 7 already illegal = ! reason t !y 7 p]=m$ on conc5tration camp inmates4 ,?is "q mu/ be d5i$ = only su* inmates 7 us$ = ! exp]im5ts z _h volunte]$ = !m1 or :o at lea/ 7 reg>d$ by ,ruff z volunte]s & c\ld be reg>d$ z su* 9 view ( ! :ole situation1 & no "o c\ld reproa* him = hav+ err$ 9 ?is respect because o!r p]sons _h p]haps deceiv$ him ab\t ^! facts4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s witnesses :o app>5tly ma9ta9 t ! prison]s us$ 9 ! ,ruff-,romb]g exp]im5ts 7 n volunte]s4 ,above all ! witnesses ,vieweg & ,neff are ( ?is op9ion4 ,dur+ 8 direct exam9ation on #ac ,decemb] #aidf ! witness ,vieweg m5tion$ a s]ies ( v>i\s exp]im5ts :i* 7 p]=m$ at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp4 ,ref]r+ 9 p>ticul> to ! high-altitude exp]im5ts !re1 :i* alone c be consid]$ 9 ! indictm5t aga9/ ,dr4 ,ruff1 he /ates fir/ly t high-altitude exp]im5ts ) ! l[-pressure *amb] 7 p]=m$ on #aj pati5ts2 8= ^! exp]im5ts frequ5tly pati5ts & also male nurses 7 us$ :o dur+ ! exp]im5ts 7 se5 9 ! corridor ( ! adjac5t hospital w>d40 ,by ?is ,vieweg app>5tly want$ to po9t out t ^! 8pati5ts0 & 8also ! nurses0 7 n volunte]s4 ,^! #aj 8(ficial exp]im5tal subjects0 _h be5 well f$ & suppli$ ) smokes1 b 9 addition to ^! #aj s-call$ 8exhibition pati5ts01 a l>ge numb] ( p _h be5 select$ f ! camp :o 7 aga9 & aga9 s5t to ! high-altitude exp]im5t in/itute4 ,t happ5$ to a block lead] :o probably _h pneumonia a few h\rs lat] & end$ 9 ! sick bay mortu>y4 ,! same happ5$ 9 ! mal>ia dep>tm5t ( ! witness ,vieweg4 ,"o day a pati5t :o _h "s diff]5ces ) ,zill1 ! lead] ( ! camp1 conc]n+ protective cu/ody1 0 s5t to ! exp]im5tal in/itute1 & he 7,vieweg7 f\nd him 9 ! mortu>y ! next day4 ,he 7,vieweg7 kn[s by he>say t1 8a great numb] ( pati5ts :o took "p 9 ^! exp]im5ts di$1 & end$ up 9 ! sick bay mortu>y40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #dgf47 ,betwe5 ! l9es ( ?is r obscure & vague /atem5t "o may read t1 accord+ to ,vieweg's /atem5t1 ^! fur!r exp]im5tal subjects1 & especially ^? :o _h di$ dur+ ! exp]im5ts1 did n belong to ! #aj 8(ficial exp]im5tal subjects0 & _h n be5 volunte]s4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! direct exam9ation by ! prosecution ! witness ,vieweg did n express himself explicitly ab\t ?is alleg$ compulsion ( ! s-call$ exp]im5tal subjects4 ,dur+ ! cross-exam9ation by ! def5se c\nsel ( ,dr4 ,romb]g1 ! witness ,vieweg expla9$ 8 expression1 ! 8#aj exhibition pati5ts04 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #dhe47 ,! #aj select$ pati5ts :o 7 us$ = ! high-altitude te/s _h be5 accommodat$ 9 a special room & _h be5 well n\ri%$2 !y _h be5 exhibit$1 & !y _h be5 pres5t$ to ,himml] dur+ "o ( 8 visits4 ,himml] made !m big promises2 if !y surviv$1 !y w\ld be set free 99 99 99 ^! #aj pati5ts _h be5 drawn into ! exp]im5ts 99 99 99 !y _h told him 7,vieweg7 t !y 7 v exhau/$ by ! :ole affair1 b z f> z he c\ld rememb] 8!y all surviv$0 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #dhf1 #dhi74 ,on be+ que/ion$ ! witness ,vieweg repeat$ly /at$ 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #dhf1 #dhg1 #dhi71 t z f> z he c\ld rememb] ,dr4 ,ras*] _h c>ri$ out ! exp]im5ts himself4 ,! only ?+ ,vieweg c\ld /ate ab\t p>ticipation ( 8,luftwaffe (fic]s0 9 ^! high-altitude exp]im5ts1 0 t "s ,luftwaffe (fic]s 8_h also be5 !re04 ,b he c\ld n say any?+ ab\t ! actual p>ticipation ( ! ,luftwaffe (fic]s4 ,f ! description on page #eja 7,g]man ,transcript7 ^! two g5tlem5 ( ! ,luftwaffe c]ta9ly 7 n id5tical ) ,buff & ,romb]g4 ,he himself 7,vieweg7 _h only talk$ ) ^! #aj (ficial exp]im5tal subjects1 ! s-call$ 8exhibition pati5ts01 b n ) any ( ! o!r exp]im5tal subjects4 ,he himself _h nev] obs]v$ t ^! o!r prison]s 7 us$ = high-altitude te/s1 b he _h be5 told ab\t x frequ5tly4 ,vieweg repeat$ly /at$ t ! #aj (ficial exp]im5tal subjects _h /ill be5 alive at ! end ( ! exp]im5ts 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #dhi71 t no dea?s _h occurr$ among !m4 ,s mu* = ! /atem5t ( ! witness ,vieweg4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 unreliable because x does n e/abli% a cle> di/9ction betwe5 ! high-altitude exp]im5ts au?oriz$ by ,ruff & c>ri$ out ) ! coop]ation ( ,dr4 ,romb]g1 & o!r exp]im5ts 9 ! l[-pressure *amb] :i* ,ras*] und]took by ord] ( ,himml]1 )\t ! au?orization or previ\s k ( ,dr4 ,ruff & )\t ! coop]ation ( ,dr4 ,romb]g4 ,?is di/9ction1 :i* is ( decisive importance 9 judg+ ?is case1 only appe>s 9 ,vieweg's /atem5t ins(> z ! #aj (ficial exp]im5tal subjects 7! s-call$ 8exhibition pati5ts07 7 exclusively us$ = ! fir/ exp]im5ts 7,ruff-,romb]g-,ras*]71 :]eas o!r prison]s 7 us$ = ! o!r exp]im5ts 7by ,ras*] alone74 ,( c\rse1 ! significance ( ?is di/9ction 0 n cle> to ,vieweg at t "t & c\ld n be obs]v$ by him because ,vieweg did n "k any?+ at all ab\t ,dr4 ,ruff's activity & s9ce he did n "k any?+ at all ab\t ! agreem5ts :i* _h be5 rea*$ betwe5 ,dr4 ,ruff & ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,ap>t f ^! obscurities "o has to reg>d ! /atem5t ( ! witness ,vieweg ) ! greate/ res]ve = ano!r reason4 ,vieweg is ! witness :o1 ) unusual unscrupul\sness1 committ$ pla9 p]jury 9 ! sessions ( #ac & #af ,decemb] #aidf4 ,he tri$ fir/ 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #dgd7 to give ! impression t he _h be5 s5t to ! conc5tration camp )\t any reason1 t he _h be5 committ$ = 8political protective security04 ,?is repres5tation ( ! witness ,vieweg is completely 9 accordance ) 8 previ\s behavior1 because =m]ly he _h g5]ally pret5d$ to be politically p]secut$--an innoc5t man :o _h be5 ?r[n into a conc5tration camp )\t ev] hav+ le>n$ ! reason4 ,"u ?is false pret5se he (f]$ himself z witness = ?is trial1 & because ( ?is misrepres5tation he 0 pres5t$ z a witness by ! prosecution :om he _h deceiv$4 ,h[ev]1 dur+ cross-exam9ation1 ,vieweg _h to admit t 9 #aicd he 0 s5t5c$ to #d & to #f ye>s' p5al s]vitude = =g]y ( docum5ts & fraud1 t is to say = common crimes :i*1 z a rule1 h no?+ to d ) politics4 ,on repeat$ que/ion+ ! witness ,vieweg /at$ aga9 & aga9 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #dhc ff47 t he c\ld n rememb] hav+ receiv$ any o!r previ\s conviction 9 addition to ^? #d & #f ye>s' p5al s]vitude4 ,he insi/$ on ?is /atem5t1 ev5 ?\gh he _h be5 repeat$ly rem9d$ t he 0 "u oa?4 ,8 /]eotype phrase 01 he c\ld n rememb]2 he ev5 emphasiz$ t he _h depos$ to ?is or t "u oa? 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #dhd71 & he cont9u$ to insi/ on 8 /atem5t1 ev5 ?\gh he 0 told t 8 previ\s convictions c\ld be det]m9$ )\t difficulty s9ce 8 files _h be5 s5t =4 ,n[1 let u comp>e ! te/imony giv5 "u oa? ) ! li/ ( convictions ( ! witness ,vieweg1 :i* 0 submitt$ z ,docum5t ,ruff #bd4 ,besides ! #d & #f ye>s ( p5al s]vitude :i* he admitt$1 ! witness ,vieweg receiv$ 9 reality n less ?an #f prison t]ms prior to #aicd1 among !m #e ye>s' p5al s]vitude & #e ye>s' loss ( civil rights = repeat$ grave !fts4 ,?is extract f ! p5al regi/] %[s :y ! witness ,vieweg _h su* a 8bad memory04 ,he nev] 0 politically p]secut$1 z he pret5d$ to be1 b he is ! type ( incorrigible pr(essional crim9al :o c\ld n be *ang$ or educat$ ev5 by ! mo/ sev]e p5alty4 ,if anybody des]v$ to be s5t to a conc5tration camp x 0 ?is ,vieweg4 ,b ev5 ! #e ye>s he sp5t 9 ! conc5tration camp did n help4 ,= n[ he is aga9 9 prison1 9 ,bamb]g1 :]e *>ges 7 br\ght aga9/ him on #e ,m>* #aidg at ! ,di/rict ,c\rt = =g]y ( docum5ts & fraud1 z well z = five cases ( repeat$ !ft1 = attempt$ abortion1 = active brib]y1 & = black m>ket deal+s4 ,?is incorrigible pr(essional crim9al all[$ himself to be pres5t$ "h z a /> witness = ! prosecution aga9/ an honorable1 blameless citiz51 z :i* ,dr4 ,ruff em]g$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is trial4 ,c ! ,c\rt base its v]dict on ! /atem5ts ( a p]son l ,vieweg1 :o on top ( ev]y?+ %amelessly li$ to ! ,tribunal & committ$ ! wor/ possible p]jury4 ,! o!r witness pres5t$ by ! prosecution = ! ,da*au exp]im5ts is ,walt] ,neff4#bj ,he is at pres5t 9 ! ,da*au camp = w> crim9als & w soon h to /& trial himself be=e ! ,am]ican ,tribunal1 = exp]im5ts 9 :i* he took an active "p4 ,?is witness ,neff1 :o n only cont9u\sly p>ticipat$ 9 ! successful exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,romb]g1 b also 9 ! inhuman freez+ exp]im5ts1 9 ! deadly 8sev]e exp]im5ts0 ( ,ras*]1 & :o coop]at$ 9 _m o!r cruelties1 is1 ,i ?9k ! la/ :o %\ld appe> z a witness aga9/ a man l ,dr4 ,ruff1 or condemn him4 ,let u recall :at ?is witness said ab\t himself at ! close ( 8 te/imony4 ,accord+ to 8 own admission1 he produc$ ?ree prison]s 7a c]ta9 ,rob]t ,wagn]1 a prison] nam$ ,hutt]]1 & a man nam$ ,samm5d+]7 = deadly exp]im5ts1 on 8 own initiative )\t be+ ord]$ to d s4 ,accord+ to 8 own te/imony1 he deliv]$ ^! ?ree p ov] to a viol5t dea?2 he murd]$ !m4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( 8 e?ics t he ev5 boa/$ ( ?is act "h 9 ! c\rtroom6 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #gcg-gci47 ,t does n tr\ble 8 consci5ce1 z he himself decl>$ "u oa? 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #gcg72 he is j ! type ( ^? inmates :o1 to quote 8 own words 87 (t5 worse ?an ! ,,ss 9 _! cruelty & brutality04 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #gcg47 ,t is ! second witness :o 0 pres5t$ aga9/ ,dr4 ,ruff by ! prosecution4 ,! "o1 an unscrupul\s sw9dl]1 an incorrigible habitual crim9al1 an old jailbird2 & ! o!r a murd]] _m times ov] ^: h&s are /a9$ ) mu* blood--a murd]] :o boa/s t he has no consci5ce4 ,is ! ,c\rt to l5d cr$5ce to su* p8 ,^! witnesses q obvi\sly believ$ !y w\ld be able to elude ! hangman's noose by saddl+ o!r def5dants ) untrue1 fabricat$ /atem5ts4 ,all ^? facts are a w>n+ t ,neff's te/imony1 too1 mu/ be reg>d$ ) consid]able caution4 ,at any rate1 8 te/imony has a c]ta9 importance = ,dr4 ,ruff inasmu* z ,neff 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #feb7 confirms t ,dr4 ,ruff 0 9 ,da*au only on "o s+le occasion dur+ ! high-altitude exp]im5ts4 ,?us ! tru? ( ,dr4 ,ruff's own te/imony has be5 e/abli%$4 ,fur!rmore1 ! witness ,neff1 /ates 9 8 te/imony ( #ag ,decemb] #aidf t 8#aj prison]s1 designat$ z p]man5t exp]im5tal subjects1 7 tak5 to ! /ation & told t no?+ w\ld happ5 to !m2 !y 7 especially assur$ ( ?is04 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #gaa47 ,! witness ,neff !n told ( ! kill+ ( ! #af ,russians :o 7 s5t5c$ to dea? & :o 7 murd]$ by ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,h[ev]1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,neff1 ?is act 0 c>ri$ out by ,dr4 ,ras*] toge!r ) ! two memb]s ( ! ,,ss1 :ile ,dr4 ,romb]g 0 n ev5 pres5t on t day4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #fed1 #fef47 ,special importance mu/ be atta*$ to ! witness ,neff's fur!r ass]tion reg>d+ a ,jewi% tailor :o work$ 9 ! sick bay4 ,neff call$ ,dr4 ,romb]g's att5tion to ! fact t ?is man 0 n s5t5c$ to dea?1 & ,romb]g !reupon imm$iately w5t to ,ras*] ) ,neff 9 ord] 8to set matt]s /raight04 ,^u int]v5tion by ,dr4 ,romb]g1 ,ras*] !n actually s5t ! tailor back2 :5 ! accompany+ ,,ss man aga9 ?reat5$ ! ,jew1 ,ras*] aga9 int]v5$ & 8imm$iately _h ! man 7! tailor7 br\ght to safety 9 ! bunk]04 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fee47 ,aga91 9 ! case ( a second inmate1 a ,cze*1 :o wrongly & )\t 8 cons5t _h be5 br\ght 9 = ! exp]im5ts1 ,dr4 ,romb]g1 accord+ to ,neff's report1 int]v5$ on behalf ( ! prison]1 ) ! result t ,dr4 ,ras*] ent]$ a compla9t aga9/ ! crim9al ,,ss man ) ! camp comm&]1 ,piork[ski4 ,!reupon1 ! ,,ss man 0 imm$iately transf]r$ to ,lubl94 ,9 t way ! ,cze* 0 sav$ f c]ta9 dea? by ,dr4 ,romb]g4 ,?is te/imony ( ! witness ,neff plays an important "p 9 answ]+ ! "q :e!r or n ! exp]im5tal subjects us$ 7 volunte]s1 & also1 :at ,dr4 ,romb]g1 & !re=e ,dr4 ,ruff1 knew ab\t !m & :at ,dr4 ,romb]g's attitude 0 t[>d ?is "q4 ,9 ?is connection1 ,neff said3 8,romb]g1 ,ruff's deputy1 !re=e1 did n want any dang]\s exp]im5ts4 ,he tol]at$ no murd] & consid]$ only exp]im5ts ) volunte]s40 ,h[ev]1 ! fur!r ass]tions ( ! witness ,neff suff] f ! same %ortcom+s z ^? ( ! witness ,vieweg2 = ,neff also did n "k t only "p ( ! high-altitude exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au 7 c>ri$ out ) ! approval ( ,dr4 ,ruff & ,dr4 ,romb]g2 nor did ,neff h any k ( ! agreem5ts made by ! p>ticipat+ physicians1 & he !re=e treat$ all high-altitude exp]im5ts equally1 )\t di/+ui%+ :e!r or n ,dr4 ,ruff _h agre$ to !m t !re 87 #ahj to #bjj inmates :o p>ticipat$ 9 high-altitude exp]im5ts0 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fef7 & t 8dur+ ! altitude flight exp]im5ts1 #gj to #hj p lo/ _! lives40 ,^! figures may be correct1 b !y ref] to ! :ole ( ! ,da*au l[-pressure *amb] exp]im5ts2 t is1 !y also include ! exp]im5ts :i* ,dr4 ,ras*] made on 8 own au?ority1 )\t ! prior k ( ,dr4 ,ruff1 & 9 :i* alone all ! fatalities occurr$2 :ile 9 ! legitimate exp]im5ts--t is1 ^? approv$ by ,dr4 ,ruff--no fatality occurr$ at all4 ,( c\rse1 ,neff c\ld n "k all ?is4 ,z he said himself x 0 impossible = him to di/+ui% 8f :om ! ord] came = ! individual exp]im5t1 & 9 ^: int]e/ ! exp]im5t 0 made40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #gae47 ,! same %ortcom+ is demon/rat$ by ,neff's te/imony ) reg>d to ! nationality ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #fef1 #feg7 & ! mann] ( _! 8selection04 ,h[ev]1 ,neff's te/imony does %[ t ! selection ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 0 c>ri$ out 9 two diff]5t ways3 ,= ! 8dang]\s exp]im5ts0 ,ras*] ord]$ ! subjects ?r\gh ! local headqu>t]s1 & !y 7 produc$ by ! ,,ss2 !y 7 !re=e p condemn$ to dea? 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ffc71 = ! 8s]ial exp]im5ts04 ,on ! o!r h&1 & 8= mo/ ( ! o!r exp]im5ts :i* took place1 ! p 7 br\ght to ! exp]im5tal /ation f ! blocks1 t is1 f ! camp0 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #feg7 by ! block lead]s4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ffc47 ,^! 8s]ial exp]im5ts0 7 obvi\sly ! exp]im5ts approv$ by ,ruff1 & ,neff expressly e/abli%es t 8volunte]s report$ = ^! exp]im5ts06 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #feg1 #gab47 ,he ev5 gives ! reasons :y ! prison]s volunte]$3 ,z ,ras*]1 & ,himml] too1 _h promis$ v>i\s inmates t1 8if !y1 p>ticipat$ 9 ! exp]im5ts1 !y w\ld be giv5 a bett] labor assignm5t01 & z ,himml] promis$ t !y might ev5 be releas$1 volunte]s report$ to ,ras*] on _! own initiative z he w5t ?r\gh ! camp1 )\t any special ef=ts be+ necess>y to f9d volunte]s 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #feg74 ,!re c be no d\bt t ^! volunte]s1 e/imat$ by ,neff to numb] ab\t #aj1 are id5tical ) ! #aj 8(ficial exp]im5tal subjects0 or 8exhibition pati5ts0 m5tion$ already by ! witness ,vieweg1 & x is notewor?y t ,dr4 ,ruff1 too1 9 8 te/imony always spoke ( #aj or #ab1 or at ! mo/ #ae p]sons f ! v beg9n+ 7( c\rse he did n c\nt !m himself71 :o 7 regul>ly call$ 9 = ! high-altitude exp]im5ts1 & :om he saw himself :5 he 0 once pres5t to obs]ve & *eck ! exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,?is numb] ,dr4 ,ruff _h m5tion$ at a "t :5 ,neff's & ,vieweg's te/imony 0 n yet available4 ,he !re=e c\ld n h anticipat$ t ^! witnesses w\ld confirm 8 figures z correct4 ,to be sure1 ! witness ,neff te/ifi$ 9 ano!r place 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fff7 t ! fir/ #aj exp]im5tal subjects 7 n volunte]s4 ,b ?is /atem5t is obvi\sly 9 direct contradiction to 8 o!r te/imony :i*1 9 ! la/ analysis impli$--& c\ld n be int]pret$ o!rwise--t ! s-call$ 8#aj (ficial exp]im5tal subjects0 7 ^? prison]s :o _h volunt>ily (f]$ !mselves1 :o 7 giv5 all possible privileges 9 return1 :o 7 promis$ rew>ds = _! s]vice by ,ras*] z well z by ,himml]1 & :o 7 repeat$ly reassur$ t no?+ w\ld happ5 to !m dur+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,?is :ole pres5tation w\ld be incompreh5sible if "o 7 to assume t ^! #aj p]sons 7 involunt>y subjects z well1 t !y 7 simply ord]$ to take "p 9 ! exp]im5ts1 =c$ to p>ticipate1 = !m all ?is w\ld n h be5 necess>y at all1 s9ce at t "t nobody 9 a conc5tration camp w\ld h ?\ght ( tr\bl+ himself ab\t ^! p1 if !y _h be5 =c$ aga9/ _! w to take "p 9 ! exp]im5ts4 ,9 a conc5tration camp1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,himml] & 8 m51 #a1jjj p 7 ( no consequ5ce4 ,!re=e1 if ef=ts 7 made to obta9 ^! inmates = ! exp]im5ts1 & to get !m will+ly1 if ev5 a ,himml] f\nd k9d words to say to !m & promis$ !m rew>ds1 !n z we "k today1 ?is c only be expla9$ by ! assumption t ev5 9 conc5tration camps1 = "s reason1 x 0 desirable to obta9 volunt>y subjects = ! exp]im5ts & to induce !m to g ?r\gh ! exp]im5ts volunt>ily4 ,?is assumption is n refut$ by ! contr>y ass]tion ( ,neff 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fff74 ,= #a days1 dur+ 8 exam9ation on #ag & #ah ,decemb] #aidg1 ,neff did n "k t ^! fir/ #aj exp]im5tal subjects _h n be5 volunte]s4 ,= #a days he did n d>e to make su* an ass]tion "h 9 ! witness box1 & only dur+ ! cross-exam9ation did he f9ally g s f> z to make ?is ass]tion1 !reby completely ov]?r[+ 8 previ\s /atem5ts4 ,?is allegation ( ! multiple murd]] ,neff n[ /&s1 h[ev]1 completely isolat$4 ,!re c be no d\bt t1 if ^! /atem5ts by ,neff 7 true1 x w\ld h be5 easy = ! (fice ( ! public prosecutor to produce num]\s o!r witnesses :o1 likewise1 _h be5 inmates ( ! conc5tration camp at ,da*au1 :o _h p]haps exp]i5c$ ^! exp]im5ts !mselves1 or :o _h spok5 to subjects ( ^! exp]im5ts or _h ev5 obs]v$ ! exp]im5ts4 ,h[ev]1 n a s+le outsid]1 n a s+le inconte/able witness has be5 produc$1 al?\gh half a ye> has elaps$ s9ce ! days :51 "h 9 ! c\rtroom1 "o c\ld n fail to realize to :at an unreliable & untru/wor?y class p]sons ( ! calib] ( ,vieweg & ,neff belong4 ,?is fact v /rongly indicates t obvi\sly no o!r witnesses are available1 or c\ld be made available1 :o c\ld confirm t ! exp]im5tal subjects :o 7 us$ 9 ! ,ruff-,romb]g altitude te/s 7 n volunte]s4 ,let ! fact be m5tion$ "h1 = ! sake ( comp>ison1 t 9 ! case ( ! ,gebh>dt sulfanilamide op]ations = example1 half a doz5 incrim9at+ witnesses 7 br\ght f ,pol& & ,russia & 7 int]rogat$ "h z witnesses4 ,:y 0 n a s+le tru/wor?y witness produc$ f among ! ,da*au exp]im5tal subjects & plac$ 9 ! witness box8 ,because no "o c\ld be f\nd1 :o c\ld confirm ! untrue allegations ( a ,vieweg & a ,neff4 ,on ! o!r h&1 dur+ ! trial1 a :ole s]ies ( p]sons :o des]ve a great deal m belief ?an ,vieweg & ,neff affirm$ ) c]ta9ty t all ! exp]im5tal subjects 9 ! ,ruff-,romb]g exp]im5ts 7 volunte]s1 & t f ! v beg9n+ ! indisp5sable condition :i* 0 dem&$ & assur$ 0 t ! subjects w\ld be volunt>y4 ,! witness ,dr4 ,lutz = example1 :o 0 introduc$ by ! (fice ( ! public prosecutor & !re=e recogniz$ by x z a cr$ible witness1 confirm$ "h on oa?1 8x 0 a tacit assumption t ! crim9als w\ld volunte]02 & he add$ t he c\ld almo/ say t1 9 a way1 a favor 0 be+ conf]r$ ^u ! crim9als1 because 8!y 7 giv5 a *ance ( p>don by p>ticipat+ 9 ! exp]im5ts10 & x is significant t ?is witness depos$ fur!r3 8subsequ5tly1 we 7 v mu* surpris$ :51 probably dur+ ! lat] /ages ( ! exp]im5ts1 z f> z ,i recall n[1 no fur!r m5tion 0 made ( x10 namely1 ( ! fact t only volunte]s 7 to be us$ = ! altitude exp]im5ts 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #cbj74 ,^! depositions by ! witness ,dr4 ,lutz con=m 9 e respect ) ! g5]al impression receiv$ f all ! p]t95t descriptions4 ,at fir/1 only ! altitude exp]im5ts approv$ by ,dr4 ,ruff reg>d+ ! problem ( 8rescue f high altitudes0 7 c>ri$ out4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 n dang]\s z prov$ by _! successful outcome2 ! inmates volunte]$ = !m4 ,gradually1 h[ev]1 ,ras*] misus$ m & m ! pres5ce ( ! *amb] 9 ord] to conduct 8 arbitr>y exp]im5ts on ,himml]'s ord]s = entirely diff]5t problems1 namely1 to conduct 8 notori\s 8difficult exp]im5ts0 :i* _h num]\s fatal results4 ,^! 7 ,ras*]'s m cruel1 pa9ful exp]im5ts2 naturally1 no m volunte]s report$ = ^! because ^w 0 pass$ quickly ?r\gh ! camp t ! exp]im5ts :i* ,ras*] himself conduct$ 7 dang]\s1 :ile ! m]e pres5ce & coop]ation ( ,dr4 ,romb]g gave assurance to ! inmates t 8 exp]im5ts 7 consci5ti\sly conduct$ & 7 n dang]\s4 ,o!r witnesses also1 n nam$ by ,dr4 ,ruff1 h confirm$ t ! exp]im5tal subjects = ! ,ruff-,romb]g high-altitude exp]im5ts 7 volunt>y1 namely1 ! witness ,dr4 ,hiels*] 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #fjbe-bf1 #fjda1 #fjfb74 ,te/imony on simil> l9es is giv5 by ! codef5dant ,siev]s 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #edga1 #ehha72 & ,dr4 ,hippke 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #gic7 8,prison]s :o might volunte]02 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #gie7 8^! p]sons _h to volunte] = ! exp]im5ts40 ,also ! witness ,k>l ,wolff1 7,ruff #ba1 ,ruff ,ex4 #bj7 8volunte] conc5tration camp inmates :o 7 to be giv5 comp5satory privileges 99 99 99 ! inmates1 ab\t #aj 9 numb]1 appe>$ q relax$ &1 9 _! turn1 will+ly ent]$ ! l[-pressure *amb] :i* _h be5 driv5 up 99 99 99 ! inmates report$ to ,himml]1 9 my pres5ce1 t 9 ?is mann] !y c\ld at lea/ volunt>ily 99 99 99 give a pro( ( _! g5u9e good w 99 99 99 ,i nev] le>n$ ?r\gh ,himml]1 nor1 z f> z ,i rememb]1 by any o!r means t lat] l[-pressure *amb] exp]im5ts 99 99 99 took place on a nonvolunt>y basis 99 99 99 ,i only knew ab\t volunt>ily l[-pressure *amb] exp]im5ts & ^! 7 made1 )\t d\bt1 on a volunt>y basis40 ,f9ally1 ! witness ,h]b]t ,wils*ewske 7,ruff #aa1 ,ruff ,ex4 #i74 ,:ile ! previ\s witness ,wolff 0 only pres5t = #a day dur+ ! exp]im5ts1 ! witness ,wils*ewske1 dur+ ! #b ye>s he sp5t 9 ! conc5tration camp1 spoke repeat$ly to inmates :o 8_h volunte]$ = ! m$ical exp]im5ts01 & :o1 by reason ( 8 repeat$ conv]sations ) ! prison]s1 c\ld give ! foll[+ z reason = ! will+ness to volunte] = exp]im5ts 8!y c\ld e>n !reby _! own lib]ty & rehabilitation z well z privileges = _! family40 ,! witness ,wils*ewske is c]ta9ly an absolutely reliable witness ) reg>d to 8 /atem5ts4 ,he is a ,poli% ,communi/1 s]v$ #b ye>s 9 ,da*au conc5tration camp = ?is1 & 0 prov$ to be only a political prison]4 ,if "o consid]s all ^! /atem5ts by witnesses1 :i* c]tify t ! exp]im5tal subjects 9 ! ,da*au high-altitude exp]im5ts ( ,drs4 ,ruff & ,romb]g 7 volunte]s1 x _c be d\bt$ t ! concordant /atem5ts by ,dr4 ,ruff1 ,dr4 ,romb]g1 & ,dr4 ,weltz 7 absolutely true4 ,!y are def5dants1 x is true2 b f all sides te/imony is giv5 ( _! irreproa*able pr(essional integrity4 ,al?\gh !y are n[ sitt+ 9 ! dock1 _! precise & cle> /atem5ts des]ve f> m belief ?an ! *ang+ & contradictory /atem5ts ( a habitual crim9al :o has committ$ d[nright p]jury 9 ?is ,c\rt1 or ( a murd]] :o is actually m des]v+ ( a place 9 ?is dock ?an ^! def5dants are4 ,! correctness ( ?is conception is confirm$ aga9 on ! "o h& by ! fact--already m5tion$ 9 ano!r connection--t ,dr4 ,romb]g1 z has be5 prov$ repeat$ly1 actively int]v5$ & prev5t$ ! use ( exp]im5tal subjects = exp]im5ts by ,ras*] :5 he c\ld see t nonvolunt>y exp]im5tal subjects 7 to be us$1 & on ! o!r h&1 x 0 kn[n t 9 ! high-altitude exp]im5ts :i* ,dr4 ,ruff _h c>ri$ out ) ,dr4 ,romb]g only volunt>y exp]im5tal subjects c\ld be us$1 & only ) volunt>y exp]im5tal subjects c\ld ! exp]im5ts succe$4 ,! :ole idea ( ?is type ( high-altitude exp]im5t 7! ,ruff-,romb]g me?od7 0 bas$ on ! !ory t ! exp]im5tal subject1 imm$iately on recov]+ f ! /ate ( unconsci\sness--! 8high-altitude malady0--rea*es up ) 8 arm & pulls d[n ! h&le ( ! p>a*ute1 :i* 9 practice r$uces ! spe$ ( ! fall1 insur+ ! fli] ( a smoo? l&+ on ! gr\nd4 ,all ?is necessitat$ active coop]ation on ! "p ( ! exp]im5tal subject2 "o 0 absolutely dep5d5t on 8 coop]ation1 o!rwise ea* ( ^! exp]im5ts w\ld h be5 useless "r f ! />t4 ,naturally1 ,dr4 ,ruff knew ?is1 z did ,dr4 ,romb]g1 & !re=e = !m ! fir/ & mo/ important condition = ea* exp]im5t ( ?is type 0 t ! exp]im5tal subject %\ld be volunt>y 7see ,ruff's /atem5t 9 ,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #ffch-dj74 ,!re are !re=e also important inh]5t reasons :y ! /atem5ts by ,ruff & ,romb]g are correct4 ,actually ! high-altitude exp]im5ts c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au 7 successful4 ,!y 7 ( consid]able help 9 cl>ify+ ! problem ( 8rescue f great heights01 & ?is 0 only possible :5 ! exp]im5tal subjects !mselves coop]at$ :5 !y took "p 9 ! exp]im5ts volunt>ily & took an int]e/ 9 !m4 ,?is 01 by ! way1 also ! reason :y ?is type ( high-altitude exp]im5t c\ld n be made ) animals z exp]im5tal subjects1 a fact :i*1 = example1 ,ruff & ,romb]g po9t$ out 9 _! summ>y report ( #bh ,july #aidb4 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,i come1 !re=e1 to ! foll[+ conclusion3 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! exp]im5tal subjects = ! ,da*au high-altitude exp]im5ts 7 volunte]s1 at lea/ z f> z ! exp]im5ts au?oriz$ by ,ruff are conc]n$4 ,:e!r volunte]s report$ = ! special exp]im5ts cont9u$ by ,dr4 ,ras*] or :e!r ! prison]s 7 =c$ into ! exp]im5ts by ,dr4 ,ras*] does n ne$ to be exam9$1 because ,ruff & ,romb]g did n p>ticipate 9 ^? exp]im5ts 9 any way4 ,b ev5 if any d\bt z to _! be+ volunte]s 7 possible1 x _c be d5i$ t ,ruff & ,romb]g 7 firmly conv9c$ t all _! exp]im5tal subjects actually 7 volunte]s4 ,?is 0 /ipulat$ f ! v beg9n+1 & 9 all ! discussions ( ,dr4 ,ruff ) ,hippke1 ,weltz1 & ! repres5tative ( ! ,,ss1 ,ruff 0 consequ5tly conv9c$ t only volunte]s 7 actually conc]n$4 ,dr4 ,ruff's conviction 0 /r5g!n$ ?r\gh p]sonal conv]sation ) v>i\s prison]s on t day on :i* he himself w5t to ,da*au to control ! execution ( ! exp]im5ts & to asc]ta9 t ev]y?+ 0 c>ri$ out 9 a completely ord]ly mann]4 ,& f9ally 9 ?is connection x _c be ov]look$ t ,dr4 ,ruff1 z he has /at$ "u oa? & z is confirm$ by num]\s affidavits1 _h nev] at any o!r "t 9 8 life work$ ) nonvolunt>y exp]im5tal subjects4 ,j because he consid]$ x indisp5sable = ! success ( ! exp]im5ts t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 volunte]s1 t !y !mselves coop]ate1 ,dr4 ,ruff nev] ?\ght t ! ,da*au prison]s 7 n fully & completely 9 agreem5t ) ! exp]im5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is obvi\s t ! volunt>y "* ( ^! exp]im5tal subjects1 :e!r an actual fact or :e!r ,dr4 ,ruff delud$ himself into believ+ t ?is 0 ! case1 does n 9 itself relieve him ( all responsibility4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,dr4 ,ruff himself is ( ! op9ion t1 besides volunt>9ess1 sev]al o!r conditions w\ld h to be fulfill$ be=e ! exp]im5ts & ! way 9 :i* !y 7 p]=m$ c\ld be consid]$ lawful3 #a4 ,! exp]im5t w\ld h to be necess>y1 p>ticul>ly necess>y 9 ! int]e/s ( aviation & ?us ess5tial to ! fa!rl&'s w> ef=t4 ,?is condition is obvi\sly fulfill$4 ,?is is confirm$ above all by ! /atem5t ( ! witness ,dr4 ,hippke :o /at$ t x 0 ,dr4 ,ruff's duty to "w on ! rese>* tasks assign$ to him by ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate ( ! ,luftwaffe & to submit reports on !m to ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 ,! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,ruff 7 necess>y1 = 8high-altitude exp]im5ts 9 p>ticul> h be5 und]tak5 int5sively 9 ,am]ica1 too1 because ! "q ( pressure drop ,druck/urz & ! cab9 developm5t is ( p>ticul> importance40 7,ruff #bc1 ,ruff ,ex4 #bb47 ,dr4 ,hippke develop$ ?is po9t ( view n only dur+ ! trial b /at$ x v cle>ly 9 8 lett] to ,himml]1 dat$ z e>ly z #h ,octob] #aidb 7,,no-#bhi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gb71 :]e he writes3 8,^!-exp]im5ts repres5t a v valuable & important supplem5t4 ,! fact t su* an extreme defici5cy ( oxyg5 c be endur$ at all = "s "t is v enc\rag+ = fur!r rese>*40 ,dr4 ,hippke's op9ion ab\t ! necessity ( ! high-altitude exp]im5ts is !re=e extremely important because ,hippke 0 ! highe/ (ficial exp]t 9 t field 9 ,g]many at t "t4 ,b mo/ ( all1 ! absolute necessity ( ,ruff's exp]im5ts is ackn[l$g$ by all exp]ts :o te/ifi$ 9 ?is trial 9 connection ) ^! problems4 ,i recall1 = example1 ! /atem5ts ( ! witness ,dr4 ,s*eib] t 8at a lat] judgm5t ( ,dr4 ,ruff's sci5tific "w1 8 "n w be rememb]$ toge!r ) ! names ( all ( ^? well-kn[n sci5tific rese>* work]s :o1 by p]sonal1 devot$1 & h]oic ef=t1 r5d]$ immeasurable s]vice to ! advance ( sci5ce & !re) to ! welf>e ( humanity40 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,/rughold expresses himself 9 a simil> way 9 8 affidavit4 ,he 0 *ief ( a ,g]man in/itute = aviation m$ic9e = sev]al ye>s & writes conc]n+ ,dr4 ,ruff t 8he 7,ruff7 c be consid]$ z a man :o surpasses by f> _m academically pr(ici5t & recogniz$ sci5ti/s z f> z sci5tific exp]i5ce & sci5tific success is conc]n$40 ,( p>ticul> importance1 h[ev]1 seems to be ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,grau]1 :o is at pres5t 9 ,am]ica z a rese>* work] & exp]im5t] 9 matt]s ( aviation m$ic9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! ,air ,=ce ,g5]al1 ,adolf ,gall&1 & ! /atem5ts ( all ! o!r exp]ts1 x is an e/abli%$ fact t ! ,da*au exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,ruff & ,dr4 ,romb]g 7 absolutely necess>y4 ,?is necessity does n cease to exi/ because ! p conc]n$ realiz$ t ) ?is fir/ s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au 9 ! spr+ ( #aidb1 ! problem 9 "q 7rescue f high altitudes7 0 n yet entirely solv$4 ,ruff & ,romb]g po9t$ out 9 _! f9al report ( #bh ,july #aidb1 t ! 8dang] ( freez+ has to be consid]$40 ,on ! basis ( ?is f9al report ! m$ical inspector1 ,dr4 ,hippke1 lat] po9t$ out 9 8 lett] to ,himml] ( #aj ,octob] #aidb 7,,no-#bhi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gb7 t 9 ! ,da*au high-altitude exp]im5ts ( ,ruff & ,romb]g ( spr+ #aidb1 8a v important factor 0 n yet tak5 into consid]ation1 namely freez+40 ,he rem>k$1 h[ev]1 at ! same "t t 8! necess>y supplem5t>y "w 0 />t$ mean:ile40 ,hippke did n leave any d\bt t ?is fact w\ld n impair ! value & ! importance ( ! ,da*au high-altitude exp]im5ts1 :i* he /ress$2 = x is 9 ! nature ( su* exp]im5ts t bo? p>ts ( ! problem1 high altitude & freez+ temp]atures1 _c be dealt ) simultane\sly1 b t at fir/ only "o "p mu/ be consid]$1 !n ! o!r4 ,?is 0 ,ruff's plan f ! v beg9n+1 & ! special exp]im5ts ) reg>d to ! influ5ce ( freez+ temp]atures on desc5t f high altitudes 7 c>ri$ out accord+ to plan 9 ! ,b]l9 in/itute ( ,dr4 ,ruff 9 ! summ] & fall ( #aidb4 7,comp>e ?is ) ,dr4 ,grau]'s affidavit ( #bh ,janu>y #aidg47 ,ano!r pr]equisite = ! ju/ification ( ! high-altitude exp]im5ts und]tak5 by ,ruff & ,romb]g lies 9 ! requirem5t t ! exp]im5ts %\ld n be ext5d$ any fur!r ?an is necess>y = ! solution ( ! problems pres5t$4 ,?is requirem5t1 too1 0 fulfill$ by ,dr4 ,ruff4 ,x is confirm$ by 8 own te/imony 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fgjd71 z well z by ! te/imony ( ,dr4 ,romb]g 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #fhgi-hj71 t ,dr4 ,romb]g 0 s5t by ,dr4 ,ruff to ,da*au ) a def9ite program :i* c>efully outl9$ ! k9d z well z ! ext5t ( ! exp]im5ts to be c>ri$ out4 ,only ! problem ( 8rescue f high altitude0 0 to be inve/igat$4 ,only exp]im5ts = ?is purpose 7 ord]$ by ,dr4 ,ruff4 ,dr4 ,romb]g 0 n all[$ to und]take exp]im5ts = any o!r purposes1 & ! exp]im5ts 7 to be c>ri$ on only until ei!r ! problem 0 solv$ or its solution f\nd impossible4 ,_h ,dr4 ,romb]g n adh]$ to ?is program1 :i* _h be5 /rictly outl9$1 _h he c>ri$ out fur!r exp]im5ts beh9d ,dr4 ,ruff's back1 ! latt] c\ld 9 no case h be5 responsible = !m4 ,s9ce he 0 n told ( su* fur!r exp]im5ts by ,dr4 ,romb]g1 he c\ld n /op !m4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ be /at$ expressly t ,dr4 ,romb]g adh]$ to ,dr4 ,ruff's ord]s2 he did n c>ry out m ext5sive exp]im5ts ?an he _h be5 p]mitt$ & _h be5 ord]$2 ?is 0 done alone & solely by ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 0 9 no way subord9at$ to ,dr4 ,ruff1 nor to ,dr4 ,romb]g2 moreov]1 he w\ld c]ta9ly n h tak5 any ord]s f ei!r ( !m4 ,! f9al report ,ruff-,romb]g-,ras*] ( #bh ,july #aidb 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff7 furni%es cle> pro( ( ! fact t ,dr4 ,ruff & ,dr4 ,romb]g 7 at all times consci\s ( _! duty to re/rict exp]im5ts to ! ext5t :i* seem$ absolutely necess>y 9 ord] to explore a problem :i* 0 all-important at ! "t & to c>ry out no exp]im5ts :i* c\ld n be consid]$ especially important & ( great consequ5ce4 ,ev5 ! introduction to ?is report ( #bh ,july #aidb is significant = ! del9eation ( ! tasks set = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,x reads3 8,consid]+ ! urg5cy ( f9d+ a practical solution to ?is important problem ! rescue ( airplane crews f high altitude1 p>ticul>ly 9 view ( ! prevail+ exp]im5tal conditions1 x 0 necess>y to =ego = ! "t be+ a detail$ cl>ification ( ! purely sci5tific problems involv$40 ,"h ! basic t5d5cy ( all ! exp]im5ts f9ds its cle> expression4 ,only su* practical requirem5ts ( aviation :i* c\ld n be po/pon$ dur+ "t ( w> %\ld be solv$1 :ile inve/igations ( purely sci5tific nature1 )\t great practical significance1 7 to be exclud$4 ,?is re/riction ( solutions s\ght demon/rates t ! sci5ti/s 9 "q 7,ruff & ,romb]g7 7 n subject to ! unbridl$ desire = exp]im5tation :i* may be f\nd 9 p ( ,ras*]'s type4 99 99 99 99 99 ,7 ! ,ruff-,romb]g high-altitude exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au dang]\s to life8 ,if x is dem&$ t exp]im5ts on humans are c>ri$ out z humanely z possible1 pa9 avoid$ :]ev] possible1 & damage to heal? elim9at$1 x is obvi\s t dea?s mu/ be prev5t$ 9 e way possible4 ,! consci5ti\s rese>* work] w always />t f ! /&po9t t exp]im5ts c only !n be c>ri$ out :51 accord+ to human e/imation & ! exp]i5ce ( sci5ce1 dea? c 9 no way be expect$4 ,accord+ to ,g]man ,law 7,article #baf ( ! ,g]man ,p5al ,code7 ! int5tional kill+ ( a p]son w\ld n be legaliz$ ?r\gh 8 agreem5t1 n ev5 at 8 express$ desire4 ,to ?is "q ! pres5tation ( evid5ce has %[n ! foll[+3 #a4 ,9 ! ,summ>y ,report ,ruff-,romb]g-,ras*] ( #bh ,july #aidb1 x is 8expressly /at$ t 9 ! :ole s]ies ( exp]im5ts no dea? & likewise no p]man5t oxyg5 defici5cy damage occurr$40 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,9 direct contradiction to ?is appe>s to be1 at lea/ at fir/ glance1 ! int]m$i>y report :i* ,dr4 ,ras*] alone made on 8 exp]im5ts on #e ,april #aidb to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #di7 & also ! foll[+ secret report1 :i* likewise ,dr4 ,ras*] alone s5t to ,himml] on #aa ,may #aidb4 7,,no-#bbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fa47 ,^! two special reports by ,dr4 ,ras*] prove t 9 ! exp]im5ts describ$ by ,ras*] alone sev]al dea?s occurr$4 ,! explanation ( ! app>5t contradiction is %[n cle>ly by ! pres5tation ( evid5ce3 ,9 ! exp]im5ts au?oriz$ by ,dr4 ,ruff & c>ri$ out ) 8 approval n a s+le dea? occurr$4 ,only ! arbitr>y exp]im5ts :i* ,ras*] c>ri$ out )\t ! approval ( ,dr4 ,ruff & aga9/ 8 w1 & :i* 7 ord]$ by ,himml]1 7 deadly4 ,?is c be se5 f ,ras*]'s int]m$i>y report ( #e ,april #aidb4 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #di47 ,x falls into two p>ts4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ,dr4 ,ras*] describes ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out ) ,dr4 ,ruff's approval4 ,he /ates expressly1 8! exp]im5ts conduct$ by myself & ,dr4 ,romb]g10 & he confirms t ev5 89 a total ( #ae extreme exp]im5ts1 none ( ! exp]im5tal subjects di$4 ,sev]e high-altitude sickness ) unconsci\sness occurr$2 h[ev]1 ! subject 0 always fully capable ( action :5 approximately #g km4 0 atta9$ 9 ! desc5t40 ,9 ! second "p1 ,ras*] !n describes 8 arbitr>y exp]im5ts ( :i* ,ruff knew no?+1 & 0 p]mitt$ to "k no?+4 ,?is second "p ( ! report is mu* m ext5sive & detail$ ?an ! fir/4 ,t c be expla9$ )\t difficulty because ! exp]im5ts m5tion$ 9 ?is second "p 7 c>ri$ out by ,ras*] himself2 "h he c\ld describe ! 8m]it0 ( ! results he app>5tly ga9$ all by himself4 ,f ?is second "p he obvi\sly also hop$ = complete new results = sci5ce1 :i* he emphasiz$ 9 ! accompany+ lett] to ,himml] ( #e ,april #aidb1 & he 0 obvi\sly v pr\d t foll[+ 8 sugge/ions 7z he emphasiz$7 su* 8int]e/+ /&>d exp]im5ts0 7 c>ri$ out4 ,all ?is ref]r$ exclusively to ! arbitr>y exp]im5ts m5tion$ 9 ! second "p ( ! report1 :i* ,ras*] c>ri$ out alone )\t ! assi/ance ( ,dr4 ,romb]g & )\t ! au?orization & previ\s k ( ,dr4 ,ruff4 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #di47 ,ras*] himself made ?is di/9ction 9 8 report 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #di73 ,he contra/s 9 ! second "p ( 8 report ! 8extremely dang]\s exp]im5ts0 ) ! 8exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by myself 7,ras*]7 & ,romb]g10 :ile he specially ask$ = an 8,,ss doctor f ! camp z witness0 = ! arbitr>y exp]im5ts ( ! second "p ( 8 report1 z 8,i c>ri$ out ^! exp]im5ts by myself40 ,b surely ,dr4 ,ras*] _h 8 reasons = specially reque/+ 8a camp doctor z a witness0 = ^! exp]im5ts 7:i* are describ$ 9 ! second "p ( 8 report71 b int5tionally kept ,dr4 ,romb]g away4 ,dr4 ,ras*] indicates ^! reasons 9 8 accompany+ lett] ( #e ,april #aidb1 talk+ ab\t difficulties :i* ! ,luftwaffe creat$ = him up to t "t1 ^: removal he hopes = by ! int]v5tion ( ,,ss ,fuehr] ,siev]s4 ,^! difficulties :i* h9d]$ ! rese>* "w ( ,ras*] 7 discuss$ 9 v>i\s o!r docum5ts :i* conc]n$ ! use ( ! l[-pressure *amb] & its return to ,da*au1 :i* ! ,,ss tri$ to arrange b nev] succe$$4 ,if ,dr4 ,ras*] 9 8 int]m$i>y report 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #di7 emphasiz$ t 8only cont9u\s exp]im5ts are fatal at heights above #aj4e km401 ?is pla9ly confirms1 9 ,dr4 ,ras*]'s own words1 :at ,ruff & ,romb]g /at$ f ! v beg9n+1 t two k9ds ( high-altitude exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au ) ! l[-pressure *amb]4 ,! "o k9d1 :i* ,dr4 ,romb]g took "p 9 & ,dr4 ,ruff knew ab\t1 0 c>ri$ out completely humanely & )\t any pa91 & no?+ happ5$2 & ! o!r k9d1 :i* ,ras*] c>ri$ out alone by ord] ( ,himml]1 )\t ,romb]g & )\t ! previ\s k ( ,dr4 ,ruff1 to :i* at "o "t an ,,ss doctor 0 ev5 ask$ to att5d z a witness & :i* caus$ sev]al fatalities4 ,?is result is confirm$ by ! second report1 :i* ,ras*] aga9 alone 7)\t ! p>ticipation ( ,dr4 ,ruff & ,dr4 ,romb]g7 submitt$ to ,himml]1 dat$ #aa ,may #aidb1 z a secret report 7,,no-#bbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fa74 ,he describes "h ! exp]im5ts :i* he c>ri$ out jo9tly ) ,dr4 ,romb]g & aga9 /ates3 8,on ! av]age1 ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 9 complete accord ( _! actions at #ab-ac km42 no di/urbances ( any k9d 9 ! g5]al condition occurr$ 9 any ( ^! exp]im5ts10 & ev5 less1 ( c\rse1 a fatality4 ,only among ! exp]im5ts describ$ "u figures #f & #g ( ?is secret report ( ,ras*]'s did fatalities occur1 & t 8dur+ a cont9u$ high-altitude exp]im5t1 = example aft] half an h\r 9 an altitude ( #ab km40 ,b ^! exp]im5ts 7accord+ to figures #f & #g7 7 ! arbitr>y exp]im5ts 9 :i* ,ras*] _h o!r aims 9 m9d1 :i* _h no?+ to d ) ,ruff's problem ( 8sav+ f high altitudes10 & :i* 7 c>ri$ out by ,ras*] alone4 ,x is also int]e/+ t ,ras*] /ill m5tions ! p>tial assi/ance ( ,dr4 ,romb]g 9 8 fir/ report 7( #e ,april #aidb7 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #di7 b does n say any?+ m 9 ! f9al second report 7( #aa ,may #aidb71 7,,no-#bbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fa7 :]e he describ$ ! affair z ?\gh he alone _h c>ri$1 out ! exp]im5ts4 ,comp>e page #ha1 l9e #ba3 8,exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by myself02 or page #gi1 l9es #ae-af3 8,my he>t exp]im5ts 99 99 99 t a v big sph]e ( "w op5$ up = me10 etc4 ,by t ,ras*] has cle>ly express$ t he did n h any assi/ance f ,dr4 ,romb]g 9 ! exp]im5ts he ?\ght p>ticul>ly valuable1 :5 he expla9s z p>ticul>ly valuable 8 he>t exp]im5ts & 8 obs]vations conc]n+ air embolism4 ,^? 7 all exp]im5ts 9 :i* ,ruff & ,romb]g _h n ! lea/ int]e/1 9 :i* !y nev] p>ticipat$1 & = :i* !y w\ld nev] h risk$ ! heal? & ! life ( an exp]im5tal subject4 ,ev5 speciali/s l ,dr4 ,ruff & ,dr4 ,romb]g c\ld nev] und]/& ! sci5tific or o!r aim :i* ,ras*] _h 9 m9d 9 ! case ( ^? arbitr>y exp]im5ts ) fatal end+s4 ,ev5 ! layman c easily recognize ! basic diff]5ce betwe5 ! two categories ( exp]im5ts4 ,! legal exp]im5ts :i* _h be5 au?oriz$ by ,dr4 ,ruff 7 always re/rict$ to a v %ort p]iod ( a few mom5ts2 b ! fatal exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,ras*] 71 z he emphasiz$ himself1 cont9u\s exp]im5ts )\t oxyg51 !re=e exp]im5ts la/+ ov] #cj m9utes4 ,x is easily und]/&able t exp]im5ts ( su* a l5g? )\t ! adm9i/ration ( oxyg5 may be fatal4 ,to prove ?is x w\ld n h be5 necess>y to sacrifice ev5 "o s+le human life 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,s]i\s rese>* work]s l ,dr4 ,ruff & ,dr4 ,romb]g _h !re=e nev] c>ri$ out & nev] au?oriz$ su* exp]im5ts4 ,t 0 also well kn[n to ,ras*]1 & ?is expla9s ! fact z /at$ by ,neff 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #ffh1 #fgj1 #fga7 t ,ras*] kept ,dr4 ,romb]g int5tionally away f 8 arbitr>y exp]im5ts2 fur!rmore t he ev5 c>ri$ out 8 exp]im5ts at night to keep !m secret f ,dr4 ,romb]g1 & t he also did n ask ,romb]g to sign 8 int]m$i>y report ( #e ,april #aidb1 nor 8 summ>iz+ secret report ( #aa ,may #aidb1 :i* ,romb]g w\ld surely h refus$ to d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x w\ld !re=e be q wrong to attribute to ,dr4 ,ruff & ,dr4 ,romb]g ! int5tion ( want+ to suppress some?+ 9 _! f9al report ( #bh ,july #aidb4 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,= x is a prov5 fact t n only ,himml] 0 in=m$ by ,ras*] ( ! cases ( dea? :i* _h occurr$1 b t ,dr4 ,ruff _h also report$ ! cases ( dea? = :i* ,dr4 ,ras*] 0 guilty1 to 8 supreme sup]ior1 ! ,inspector ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! air =ce1 ,dr4 ,hippke4 ,= ?is same reason he _h caus$ ! l[-pressure *amb] to be remov$ f ,da*au & _h ask$ ! witness1 ,dr4 ,hippke1 to cons5t to ?is4 ,^! prov5 facts %[ t ,dr4 ,ruff did n conceal any?+ & _h no?+ to conceal4 ,! fact t ! cases ( dea? 7 n m5tion$ 9 ! f9al report ( #bh ,july #aidb has !re=e no?+ to d ) any concealm5t b is only due to ! fact t ^? exp]im5ts :i* _h fatal results _h no?+ :atsoev] to d ) ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,ruff & ,dr4 ,romb]g & _! problem4 ,= ! same reasons x is n surpris+ at all t ,dr4 ,ruff did n in=m ,dr4 ,weltz ( ! fatal accid5ts dur+ ! special exp]im5ts ( ,ras*]4 ,weltz 0 nei!r ,ruff's sup]ior nor 8 subord9ate1 & at ! "t :5 ,dr4 ,ruff le>n$ ( ! dea?s :i* _h occurr$ dur+ ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts1 ,dr4 ,ras*] _h already be5 transf]r$ f ! ,weltz ,in/itute4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! def5se1 !re=e1 arrives at ! foll[+ conclusion3 ,dr4 ,ruff only did :at 8 sup]iors ord]$ him to d4 ,if !y h fail$1 !y %\ld be tak5 to acc\nt4 ,dr4 ,ruff _h no d\bts conc]n+ ! ord]s ( 8 sup]iors = 8 assignm5t 0 urg5tly necess>y 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 c\ntry1 engag$ 9 ! mo/ difficult w>1 & ( its aviation4 ,if ,dr4 ,ruff at ! "t _h be5 able to read all ! int]national lit]ature ab\t m$ical exp]im5ts on human be+s he w\ld h le>n$ t exp]im5ts mu* m exact+ & mu* m dang]\s ?an ^? ) :i* he 0 famili>--:i* he knew & plann$--7 be+ conduct$ ev]y:]e1 also on prison]s2 & p]haps !y are /ill be+ conduct$ )\t ! compet5t au?orities or m$ical societies decl>+ !m imp]missible & int]v5+ aga9/ !m4 ,ov] _m ye>s1 ,dr4 ,ruff prov$ himself to be a p>ticul>ly consci5ti\s & consid]ate man ( rese>* :o devot$ 8 entire activity prim>ily to save endang]$ human lives4 ,nei!r c he be blam$ = hav+ collaborat$ = a %ort "t ) ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,he 7,ras*]7 _h be5 assign$ to him z associate by 8 highe/ sup]iors2 he _h to rely ^u t4 ,if !y ord]$ him to "w toge!r ) a man :o1 lat] on1 turn$ out to be a crim9al1 no liability c be *>g$ to ,dr4 ,ruff4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,ruff saw ?r\gh 8 colleague :o 0 =c$ ^u him & realiz$ 8 crim9al activities1 he imm$iately cut (f all relations to him on 8 own initiative1 avoid$ any fur!r collaboration ) him1 & ?us probably prev5t$ mu* fur!r disa/]4 ,field ,m>%al ,mil* 0 acquitt$ z f> z ! ,da*au altitude te/s are conc]n$4#ba ,m$ical ,inspector ,dr4 ,hippke 0 n indict$ at all4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ju/ice dem&s t ,dr4 ,ruff be acquitt$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,siev]s 99 99 99 99 99 ,l[-,pressure ,exp]im5ts ,l[-pressure exp]im5ts 7high-altitude exp]im5ts7 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp f #bb ,febru>y to ! end ( ,may #aidb4 ,! fir/ plans to c>ry out exp]im5ts 8= rescue f high altitudes0 7 discuss$ already 9 #aida4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 an affair ( ! ,luftwaffe4 7#aeha-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dh47 ,! c>ry+ out ( exp]im5ts = 8rescue f high altitudes0 0 agre$ ^u1 z f> z ! ,da*au conc5tration camp 0 conc]n$1 by ! ,rei* ,m9i/] = ,aviation 7repres5t$ by ,/ate ,secret>y & ,field ,m>%al ,mil*7 & ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml]4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #bgd4 ,also judgm5t ( ,milit>y ,tribunal ,,ii1 ,nu]nb]g 9 case ( ,field ,m>%al ,mil*4 ,see ,vol4 ,,ii47 ,! witness ,neff gave ! exact date ( ! />t ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 />t$ on #bb ,febru>y #aidb4 ,! witness c\ld rememb] ?is date s well because x 0 8 bir?day4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fjf47 ,aft] a few int]ruptions ! exp]im5ts end$ 9 ! second half ( ,may4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fggi47 ,:5 answ]+ ! "q :e!r ! exp]im5ts c\ld inflict torture & dea? on ! exp]im5tal subjects1 "o has to di/+ui% betwe5 ! exp]im5ts :i* accord+ to ! detail$ in/ructions ( ,dr4 ,ruff 7 c>ri$ out by ,dr4 ,ras*] & ,dr4 ,romb]g 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp1 & ! exp]im5ts :i* ,ras*] c>ri$ out ei!r ) ! k & p]mission ( ,himml]1 or )\t 8 p]mission on 8 own responsibility4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/ exp]im5ts x has to be said t !y caus$ ! exp]im5tal subjects "s discom=t ?r\gh high-altitude sickness1 b t on no acc\nt did !y mean torture & dea? = ! exp]im5tal subjects4 7,evid5ce ( ,dr4 ,ruff 9 direct exam9ation47 ,on ! o!r h& ! exp]im5ts :i* ,ras*] conduct$ on 8 responsibility h1 accord+ to ,prosecution ,docum5t #aiga-;,a-,,ps 7,pros4 ,ex4 #di71 app>5tly to be judg$ 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,siev]s came 9 contact ) ! l[-pressure exp]im5ts only2 9 ! second half ( ,m>* #aidb4 ,by lett] ( #ba ,m>* #aidb ,rudolf ,br&t repli$ to an inquiry ( ! ,rei* bus9ess manag] ( ! ,ahn5]be ( #i ,m>* #aidb conc]n+ ,ras*]1 & in=m$ him t l[-pressure exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! ,da*au camp3 8,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss gave 8 p]mission on condition t ,dr4 ,ras*] w\ld p>ticipate40 7#aeha-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dh47 ,! cause ( ,siev]s' lett] ( #i ,m>* #aidb 0 ! /atem5t ( ,dr4 ,ras*] to ! curator ,wue/1 accord+ to :i* c]ta9 rese>* "w :i* he c>ri$ out = ! ,luftwaffe 9 ,da*au1 & ( :i* he c\ld give no details1 0 to be support$ by ! adm9i/ration ( ! 8,ahn5]be04 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #efga47 ,foll[+ ?is1 ,siev]s w5t to ,da*au 9 late ,m>* or on #a ,april #aidb4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #efgb47 ,?us ?is date 0 ! e>lie/ on :i* ,siev]s c\ld possibly h ga9$ k ab\t ! c>ry+ out ( high-altitude exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,x is important t at ?is "t ! exp]im5ts _h already be5 "u way = ov] a mon?4 ,! cunn+ ,ras*] took ! fir/ visit ( ,siev]s z an opportunity to invite ,siev]s to h a look at ! exp]im5ts direct$ by him1 9 spite ( ! fact t ,siev]s _h no?+ at all to d ) ! c>ry+ out ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,siev]s wat*$ two exp]im5ts4 ,he took ! opportunity to speak to ! two p]sons :o 7 subject$ to ! exp]im5ts on t day4 ,bo? told ,siev]s t !y _h volunte]$ = ! exp]im5t4 ,a few m9utes aft] ! exp]im5t bo? exp]im5tal subjects did n %[ any aft]-effects & f9i%$ ! exp]im5t )\t suff]+ any bodily or physical damage4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #egda47 ,! foll[+ proce$+ %[s ! special c>e :i* 0 tak5 9 ! c>ry+ out ( ^! exp]im5ts3 ,x 0 agre$ ) ! exp]im5tal p]sons t 9 case ( e>a*e !y 7 to po9t ) ! h& to ! e>4 ,:5 "o ( ! exp]im5tal subjects did ?is1 ,dr4 ,romb]g imm$iately alt]$ ! pressure conditions1 & ! behavior ( ! exp]im5tal subject %[$ t he _h no m discom=t4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #egdc & #fhde47 ,s9ce ! "q ( ! volunt>y /atus ( ! human exp]im5tal subjects may be ( significance 9 ! case ( all exp]im5ts1 a compreh5sive pres5tation ( ! mo/ important depositions on ?is subject is giv5 "h4 ,himml] /at$ at ! ,ea/] conf]5ce 9 #aidb1 9 answ] to ! scruples ( ,siev]s1 t only volunte]s 7 to be all[$ to be drawn ^u = ! exp]im5ts1 & if ! exp]im5ts 7 fraught ) dang] to life !n only major crim9als "u s5t5ce ( dea? & no political prison]s w\ld be tak54 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #efgg47 ,! witness ,neff te/ifi$ t volunte]s pres5t$ !mselves = ! exp]im5ts4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fad47 ,dr4 ,craem] ( ! ,m\nta9 ,in/itute = ,psy*ology ( ! ,army ,m\nta9 ,m$ical ,s*ool ,gebirgspsy*ologis*es1 ,in/itut d] ,he]es-,gebirgs-,sanitaets-,s*ule has1 9 an affidavit1 report$ a conv]sation ) ,dr4 ,ras*] 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! latt] said3 8,human exp]im5tal subjects4 ,x is a "q ( major crim9als "u valid s5t5ce ( dea? :o come =w>d volunt>ily = ! exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au 9 ord] to h life & lib]ty giv5 to !m if !y survive an exp]im5t40 7,h&los] #cg1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #ah47 ,! witness ,me9e decl>$3 899 99 99 s9ce1 fur!rmore1 ,i knew f ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ,orani5burg t ! prison]s _h come =w>d volunt>ily 9 cr[ds 99 99 99 my suspicion 0 n ar\s$ dur+ ^! ye>s40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #dhfd47 ,dr4 ,mrug[sky depos$ ! foll[+ 9 8 direct exam9ation reg>d+ yell[-fev] exp]im5ts3 8,only volunte]s 7 us$1 & ,dr4 ,d+ /ates 9 8 decl>ation 7,,no-#beg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhc7 t he knew ( a li/1 & t = ^! k9ds ( cases always hundr$s ( volunte]s (f]$ !mselves because !y w\ld n ne$ to "w = #d weeks & 7 bett] f$40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #eaie47 ,fur!r1 ,i ref] to ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,morg51 :i* 0 submitt$ by ,dr4 ,mrug[sky's def5se c\nsel1 ,mrug[sky #cb 7,mrug[sky ,exhibit #bf73 8,at ! conf]5ce ) ,dr4 ,d+ ,i le>n$ t ! human exp]im5tal subjects came =w>d volunt>ily = ^! exp]im5ts4 99 99 99 ,9 ! case ( ! prison] ^: treatm5t ,i *anc$ to wat* ) o!rs1 ,i _h ! def9ite impression t he 0 a volunte]40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ebbh47 ,9 connection ) ! high-altitude exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au1 ,i quote ! foll[+ f ,dr4 ,ruff's deposition3 8,pr(essor ,dr4 ,weltz told me t ^! human exp]im5tal subjects 7 pr(essional crim9als :o 7 all[$ to volunte] = ! exp]im5ts40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fecb47 8,hippke told me also 9 ?is conv]sation t x 0 a "q ( major crim9als :o c\ld (f] !mselves volunt>ily = ! exp]im5ts & :o1 foll[+ ! exp]im5ts1 7 !n to receive 9 "s =m a mitigation ( _! puni%m5t1 ei!r r$uction or remission40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fecd47 ,! *ief ( ,himml]'s p]sonal /aff1 ,,ss ,g5]al ,k>l ,wolff1 gave an affidavit 9 ,london on #ba ,novemb] #aidf1 :i* is ( special importance because ,wolff himself wat*$ exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au toge!r ) ,himml]1 & also report$ to ,hitl] conc]n+ ! exp]im5ts3 8,!y 7namely1 ! human exp]im5tal subjects7 prote/$ to ,himml] 9 my pres5ce t--aft] _! reque/ to be s5t to ! front _h be5 turn$ d[n--!y want$ to r5d] a mode/ volunt>y s]vice to ,g]many & !reby give pro( ( ! good w !y really possess$4 99 99 99 ,t lat] l[-pressure exp]im5ts are said to h tak5 place on prison]s on a nonvolunt>y basis--( t ,i receiv$ no k ei!r f ,himml] nor 9 any o!r way40 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #fgeg-eh47 ,dr4 ,romb]g decl>$ 9 direct exam9ation3 8,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 n exactly on ! fir/ day1 b z "t w5t on1 ,i spoke ( c\rse ) all ( !m m (t5 & 9 great] detail2 !n !y told me gradually :at previ\s s5t5ces !y _h _h1 :at prisons & p5it5ti>ies !y _h already be5 at be=e com+ to ! camp4 ,!y told me also ! reasons :y !y _h come =w>d & _h plac$ !mselves volunt>ily at ! disposal ( ! exp]im5ts40 ,to ! "q3 8,d y mean by t1 t all ! human exp]im5tal subjects :o 7 us$ = ! altitude exp]im5ts 7 volunt>ily human exp]im5tal subjects80 ,dr4 ,romb]g answ]$ ) a cle>1 8,yes40 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #fghg-hh47 ,! foll[+ is quot$ f ,dr4 ,weltz' deposition3 8,:5 ,i fir/ he>d any?+ f ,kott5h(f conc]n+ ,ras*]'s proposals1 ,kott5h(f spoke already ( volunte]s4 ,lat]1 aft] ?is conv]sation ) ,hippke ,i spoke aga9 ) ,ras*]4 ,ras*] also spoke ( volunte]s4 ,we !n _h ,ras*] at our jo9t consultation ) ,ruff & ,romb]g 9 my in/itute4 ,!re1 too1 he spoke ( volunte]s4 ,9 ! obs]vations t he made at ! ,nu]nb]g conf]5ce 9 connection ) ,holzloehn]'s lecture1 he spoke ( volunte]s4 ,he spoke fur!r ( volunte]s1 on ! return j\rney f ! ,nu]nb]g conf]5ce1 ) ,dr4 ,craem] f ,/4 ,johann4 99 99 99 ,?us ,i nev] he>d ,ras*] speak o!rwise ?an ( volunte]s1 &1 z ,i said already1 t 0 ! reason :y we did n speak = a long "t at all conc]n+ compulsory exp]im5ts ) ,hippke40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #gjfd47 ,! affidavit ( ! ,poli% ,communi/ ,wils*ewske1 an inmate ( ,da*au conc5tration camp1 :i* 0 read on #bh ,april #aidg1 deposes z to ! volunt>y /atus ( ! human exp]im5tal subjects3 8,prison]s :o came =w>d = ^! exp]im5ts did s1 z f> z ,i "k1 volunt>ily1 because !y c\ld !reby ga9 _! own fre$om & rehabilitation1 & also favorable treatm5t = _! relatives40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #feee47 ,dr4 ,beck]-,freys5g depos$ ! foll[+ 9 8 direct exam9ation3 8,ras*] spoke unequivocally ( prison]s or crim9al *>act]s :o 7 available because ( special sanctions 99 99 99 by ,hitl] & ,himml]1 & ?r\gh volunte]+40 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #ghej-ea47 ,! witness ,dorn1 a =m] prison] 9 ,bu*5wald1 depos$ 9 answ] to ! foll[+ "q3 ,7 ^! p n[ =c$ into ^! exp]im5ts or 0 !re a possibility ( volunte]+8 8,i %\ld l to give y an answ] to t4 ,imag9e ! position ( a prison] :o p]haps = ye>s _h n _h en\gh to eat to satisfy him1 & :o p]haps le>ns f a camp conv]sation t if he 7 to (f] himself = ?is or t exp]im5t he w\ld receive a d\ble or triple am\nt ( food4 ,y c imag9e t hundr$s or m pres5t$ !mselves m]ely f ! purely human urge to eat _! fill once aga940 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #hfbj47 ,dr4 ,beiglboeck likewise makes ass]tions 9 8 direct exam9ation conc]n+ ! volunt>y /atus ( ! human exp]im5tal subjects1 & decl>es 9 conclusion3 8,i _h at t "t absolutely no reason to d\bt t ?is in=mation 0 correct4 ,sup]iors1 (fic]s ( ! ,,ss1 & ! human exp]im5tal subjects !mselves admitt$ ?is to me4 ,& ,i d n "k :at m ,i c\ld h done 9 ord] to assure myself /ill fur!r40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #hgja47 ,! volunt>y /atus ( ! prison]s is likewise confirm$ 9 8 affidavit by ! witness ,dr4 ,lesse1 :o work$ z a doctor ) ,dr4 ,beiglboeck 9 ,da*au4 7,beiglboeck #ad1 ,beiglboeck ,ex4 #bj47 ,! witness ,mettba* has also confirm$ ! volunt>y /atus ( ! human exp]im5tal subjects 9 connection ) ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 ,f9ally ref]5ce is made to ! deposition ( ! witness ,nales1 :o 0 exam9$ by ! prosecution on #cj ,june #aidg 9 ! second half ( ! =5oon session1 & :o te/ifi$ to ! volunt>y /atus ( ! human exp]im5tal subjects us$ 9 ! ,lo/ gas exp]im5ts4 ,! evid5ce produc$ has n giv5 ! slighte/ gr\nds = believ+ t ,siev]s _h any k at all t nonvolunt>y human exp]im5tal subjects 7 compell$ to und]go exp]im5ts1 or t ! exp]im5ts w\ld be pa9ful or fraught ) dang] to life4 ,z a precaution let u also exam9e ! "q z to :at fur!r activity ,siev]s develop$ 9 connection ) ! l[-pressure exp]im5ts4 ,f ! docum5t book pres5t$ by ! prosecution x appe>s t ,siev]s pass$ on lett]s :i* came to 8 (fice4 ,siev]s is m5tion$ 9 "s docum5ts4 ,! foll[+ sep>ate lett]s are at h&3 ,9 connection ) ! altitude exp]im5ts1 ! prosecution's docum5t book conta9s ! foll[+ docum5ts 9 :i* ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ( ! ,ahn5]be is m5tion$ 9 "o way or ano!r4 7,,no-#bfc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dg47 ,lett] f ,frau ,ras*] to ! ,rei* ,lead]%ip ,,ss dat$ #bd ,febru>y #aidb3 8,ras*] reque/s ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,s*nitzl] to acqua9t ! ,rei* ,lead] ) ! ev5ts & to say at ! same "t t ,ras*]1 z a memb] ( ! ,ahn5]be1 def9itely wi%es to p>ticipate sci5tifically 9 ! exp]im5ts40 ,f ?is x is se5 h[ v ke5 ev5 ,frau ,ras*] 0 t h] husb& %\ld p>ticipate 9 ! exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,?is 0 at a "t :5 ,siev]s _h z yet no k at all ( ! altitude exp]im5ts4 ,lett] f ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ( ! ,ahn5]be to ,dr4 ,br&t1 dat$ #bf ,augu/ #aidb 7,,no-#bba1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fh74 ,?is lett] conta9s a copy ( a lett] f ,ras*] :i* _h z its subject a report by ,ras*] & ,romb]g to ,field ,m>%al ,mil*4 ,! second "p ( ! lett] conta9s ! report & ! ass5t to ! publication ( ! sci5tific results4 ,"h ! date ( ! lett] mu/ be po9t$ out1 #bf ,augu/ #aidb1 :i* 0 _m weeks aft] ! altitude exp]im5ts _h come to an end1 9 ,may #aidb4 ,dr4 ,br&t's reply to ,siev]s1 dat$ #bi ,augu/ #aidb 7,,no-#bbb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fi73 8,! lett] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ) :i* he has =w>d$ ! report to ,field ,m>%al ,mil*1 0 only sign$ & s5t (f a few days ago4 ,copy ( ! lett] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss dat$ #be ,augu/ #aidb is enclos$ = y\r in=mation40 ,"h x is to be obs]v$ t ?is lett] likewise 0 writt5 long aft] ! conclusion ( ! altitude exp]im5ts &1 l ! prec$+ "o1 conta9s no?+ at all conc]n+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,x _c be inf]r$ f ! lett] dat$ #bi ,augu/ #aidb t a copy ( ! report s5t to ,field ,m>%al ,mil* 0 also s5t to ! ,ahn5]be4 ,br&t s5ds ,siev]s a copy ( 8 lett] to ,dr4 ,ras*] dat$ #f ,septemb] #aidb 7,,no-#bbc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ga74 ,x conta9s ! in=mation t ,field ,m>%al ,mil* w ask ,dr4 ,ras*] & ,dr4 ,romb]g to meet %ortly & report4 ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml]1 dat$ #i ,octob] #aidb 7#afaj-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gc74 ,siev]s is m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! unsuccessful report to ,mil*4 ,x is wor? not+ t ,ras*] asks t ! l[-pressure *amb] may /ill be left at 8 disposal = fur!r exp]im5ts4 ,lett] f ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ( ! 8,ahn5]be0 to ! p]sonal /aff1 = ! att5tion ( ,dr4 ,br&t1 dat$ #ba ,octob] #aidb 7,,no-#bbf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ge 7,pros4 ,ex4 #aaj 9 ,mil* case72 #afag-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aaa 9 ,mil* case74 ,?is lett] conta9s ! in=mation t ! freez+ exp]im5ts are f9i%$ & t ! altitude exp]im5ts desir$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss c n[ be cont9u$4 ,= ?is purpose ! l[-pressure *amb] w be ne$$ aga91 & ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss is to write p]sonally to ,field ,m>%al ,mil*4 ,! r\gh draft ( a lett] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to ,field ,m>%al ,mil* 0 enclos$ ) ?is lett]4 ,?is r\gh draft is submitt$ by ! prosecution z ,,no-#bbf1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ge4 ,?is draft 0 submitt$ by ,siev]s because ( an assignm5t giv5 to him by ,himml]4 ,! r\gh draft 0 drawn up 9 accordance ) ,ras*]'s sugge/ions4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #efhb47 ,?is lett]1 dat$ #ac ,decemb] #aidb1 conta9s sev]al rese>* commissions giv5 p]sonally by ,himml] to ,ras*] 7#afab-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gi74 ,numb] #e reads3 8,! procur+ ( ! app>atus necess>y = all exp]im5ts is to be discuss$ sep>ately ) ! (fices ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ( ! ,,ss ,economic & ,adm9i/rative ,ma9 ,(fice1 & ) ! ,ahn5]be ,regi/]$ ,association40 ,a copy w5t to ! ,ahn5]be4 ,?is is a lett] f ! ,vor/& ,bo>d ( ,directors ( ! ,siem5s-,s*uck]t-,w]ke1 ,b]l91 & conc]ns ! ord]+ ( an electroc>diograph 7,,no-#cfge1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #edh74 ,?is app>atus 0 nev] deliv]$ because ! 8,,ss priority grade0 0 n c]tifi$4 ,let x be rem>k$ "h1 = ! sake ( und]/&+1 t ! designation 8,,ss priority grade0 0 9 g5]al use & _h no?+ to d ) ! 8,,ss01 ! s-call$ 8,s*utz/affeln0 ( ! ,,nsdap4 ,lett] f ,siev]s to ! ,rector ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,muni* conc]n+ ! loan ( diff]5t pieces ( app>atus 7,,no-#cfgd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #edi47 ,dr4 ,wue/ 01 z repeat$ly po9t$ out1 (fice *ief ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,z su* he _h exact in=mation conc]n+ ! rese>* commissions ( ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>*4 ,a simple way to obta9 ! app>atus w\ld h be5 an agreem5t made ov] ! telephone4 ,if ,siev]s *ose to d x by lett] x 0 only because ( ! delay+ tactics practic$ by him4 ,?is is se5 cle>ly f ! po/script int5d$ = ,ras*]1 tell+ him n to p>ticipate4 ,x is also wor?y ( note t ! app>atus 0 to be us$ 9 ,muni* & n 9 ,da*au4 ,siev]s _h no "r to issue ord]s or in/ructions 9 connection ) ! l[-pressure exp]im5ts1 z is se5 f "p ,,iii ( ! clos+ brief4 ,siev]s _h n ! slighte/ influ5ce on ! c>ry+ out ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,siev]s c\ld h _h no k t ! exp]im5ts might be inhuman1 because he1 or ! ,ahn5]be1 0 only br\ght 9 :5 ! exp]im5ts _h already be5 9 progress = ov] a mon?4 ,! "q /ill to be exam9$ is :e!r & :5 ,siev]s receiv$ k ( ,ras*]'s reports conc]n+ 8 exp]im5ts4 ,to ?is ! foll[+ details are po9t$ out3 ,on #e ,april #aidb ,ras*] s5t an int]im report on 8 l[-pressure exp]im5ts direct to ,himml]4 ,he ask$ t ! report %\ld be treat$ z secret4 7#aiga-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #di47 ,! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! receipt did n g ?r\gh ! ,ahn5]be b w5t directly f ,rudolf ,br&t to ,ras*]4 7#aiga-;,c-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ej47 ,x is n[h]e m5tion$ t a copy w5t to ! ,ahn5]be4 ,f ! di/ribution ( ! ord] issu$ by ,himml] !reon 7#aiga-;,b-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ea71 x is cle>ly se5 t ! ,ahn5]be receiv$ no copy ( ! ord]4 ,on #aa ,may #aidb ,ras*] s5t a fur!r secret report direct to ,himml]1 s t ,siev]s "h too _h no possibility ( acquir+ any k ( ?is report4 7,,no-#bbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fa47 ,on #bb ,septemb] #aidb ! ,g]man ,exp]im5tal ,/ation = ,aviation s5t copies ( ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d ( ! report 8,exp]im5ts on ,rescue f ,high ,altitudes0 z 8top secret0 matt] to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 8to be fil$ !re04 7,,no-#djb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ff47 ,ev5 if ! fir/ page ( ! report be>s ! note1 8,! inve/igations 7 conduct$ 9 conjunction ) ! ,rese>* & ,in/ruction ,association ! ,ahn5]be01 no k9d ( pro( is !reby furni%$ t a copy ( ! report rea*$ ! ,ahn5]be4 ,x is true t ,siev]s does n exclude ! possibility t su* a report came to ! ,ahn5]be1 b he d5ies t he read su* a report1 because x did n conc]n him1 & x also did n int]e/ him z x dealt ) m$ical matt]s4 ,if he did read any ( x1 x 0 at ! mo/ ! %ort summ>y to be f\nd at ! end4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #efha47 ,x mu/ also be po9t$ out t !re is no?+ 9 ?is report :i* c\ld lead to ! conclusion t ! exp]im5ts _h fatal results4 ,! prosecution's exp]t ,pr(essor ,ivy also confirm$ ?is 9 answ] to ! ,c\rt's "q3 8,is !re any?+ m5tion$ 9 ! ,ruff-,romb]g-,ras*] report ab\t exp]im5ts conc]n+ :i* x c be ass]t$ ) absolute c]ta9ty t fatalities1 p]man5t injury1 or great pa9 h result$ 9 ! case ( human exp]im5tal subjects80 ,! exp]t's answ] 0 8,no40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ibag47 ,9 addition ?is report 0 s5t to ,himml] on #bb ,septemb] #aidb1 ?us1 long aft] ! close ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,siev]s _c !n h ga9$ any insight into ,ras*]'s crim9al activity f ,ras*]'s reports4 ,siev]s _h n ! p[] or ! opportunity ( prev5t+ ,ras*]'s crim9al exp]im5ts or ( br++ !m to a /&/ill4 ,x is true t at ! ,ea/] conf]5ce 9 #aidb he tri$ to move ,himml] to discont9ue all exp]im5ts 9 ! conc5tration camps1 or at lea/ to br+ ab\t ! suppression ( ! rese>* ( ,ras*] & ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt1 :i* 7 n 9 h>mony ) ! "* ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,bo? 8 sugge/ions 7 refut$ by ,himml]'s decl>ation t 8all t0 0 no conc]n ( ,siev]s & t he 7,himml]7 bore ! sole responsibility4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #egad47 ,9 spite ( ,himml]'s decl>ation1 ,siev]s endeavor$ to halt fur!r l[-pressure exp]im5ts1 :5 ! l[-pressure *amb] _h be5 remov$ f ,da*au at ! beg9n+ ( ,june #aidb4 ,already on #bg ,novemb] #aidb1 ! *ief ( ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,,ss ,g5]al ,wolff1 _h appli$ to ,field ,m>%al ,mil* 9 ord] to make possible ,ras*]'s fur!r exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,9 ! clos+ s5t5ce ( ?is lett] ! loan ( ! l[-pressure *amb] is once aga9 reque/$4 7,,no-#bfi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gh 7,pros4 ,ex4 #aah 9 ! ,mil* ,case747 ,t ,g5]al ,wolff by ,himml]'s ord]s laid great /ress on mak+ fur!r exp]im5ts possible is se5 f ! fact t a copy ( ! lett] w5t also to ,,ss ,ob]fuehr] ,dr4 ,wue/1 :o 0 (fice *ief ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,!reby ! special importance ( ! affair 0 to be %[n also to ! ,ahn5]be1 on :i* ! obligation re/$ to procure ! requisite app>atus 9 accordance ) figure ?ree ( ,himml]'s ord] ( #g ,july #aidb 7,,no-#dbb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cc7 & repeat$ lat] "u figure five ( ,himml]'s ord] ( #ac ,decemb] #aidb 7#afab-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gi74 ,:5 ! ,luftwaffe did n make ! l[-pressure *amb] available aga91 ,siev]s 0 commission$ to buy a special portable l[-pressure *amb] = ! ,,ss4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ehjj47 ,& !n ,siev]s did some?+ unhe>d ( & rang up ,dr4 ,romb]g ( ! ,g]man ,exp]im5tal ,/ation = ,aviation4 ,romb]g 0 v mu* surpris$ at ?is telephone call4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #fhci-dj47 ,?r\gh 8 communication t he _h be5 commission$ by ,himml] to procure a l[-pressure *amb] = ,ras*]1 :o at t "t 0 /ill a memb] ( ! ,luftwaffe1 he ar\s$ ! att5tion ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,= ,dr4 ,romb]g communicat$ ?is news to 8 sup]ior ,dr4 ,ruff1 :o1 on 8 side1 in=m$ ,dr4 ,beck]-,freys5g ( ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate ( ! ,luftwaffe4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #ffjg-jh1 #ghgh2 ,beck]-,freys5g #bd1 ,beck]-,freys5g ,ex4 #aa47 ,?is 0 :at ,siev]s c\nt$ ^u4 ,! cons5t ( ! ,luftwaffe w\ld h be5 necess>y = ! purpose ( sanction+ ! requisite priority grade = a l[-pressure *amb]4 ,! ,luftwaffe d5i$ ?is necessity & ?us ! l[-pressure *amb] "u consid]ation = ,ras*] 0 n procur$4 ,:5 ,himml] 9 ! ye> #aidc--probably at ,ras*]'s urg+--ord]$ ,siev]s aga9 to procure a l[-pressure *amb]1 ,siev]s 0 able once m to prev5t "o f be+ procur$4 ,?is "t he po9t$ out t ! rese>* managem5t ( ! ,luftwaffe did n consid] x necess>y to cont9ue ) altitude exp]im5ts4 ,siev]s advanc$ ?is /atem5t at r&om1 pr(it+ by ! fact t ,ras*]1 ?\gh probably kn[n to ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate ( ! ,luftwaffe1 0 n kn[n to ! rese>* managem5t ( ! ,luftwaffe4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ehja47 ,summ>y ,crim9al action on ! "p ( ,siev]s _c be prov$ 9 connection ) ! l[-pressure exp]im5ts4 ,! c>ry+ out ( ! exp]im5ts 0 nei!r ord]$ nor arrang$ = by him4 ,he did n come into contact ) ! exp]im5ts until !y _h be5 9 progress = ov] a mon?4 ,:at ,siev]s saw1 he>d1 & read ab\t ! exp]im5ts c\ld n 9 any way give him ! k t inadmissible exp]im5ts 7 be+ made4 ,siev]s _h no k ( ,ras*]'s crim9al exp]im5ts :ile ! exp]im5ts 7 9 progress1 because ,ras*] kept ^! exp]im5ts completely secret4 ,siev]s' activity 0 ( a completely subord9ate nature4 ,ap>t f t1 h[ev]1 ,siev]s help$ to prev5t ,ras*] 7:om ,siev]s c\ld n be>1 = he 0 a pomp\s fell[ & a protg ( ,himml]7 f be+ put aga9 9 a position to c>ry on fur!r l[-pressure exp]im5ts4 ,!re is no crim9al guilt !n on ! "p ( ,siev]s1 z f> z ,siev]s' contact ) ! l[-pressure exp]im5ts is conc]n$4 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,pros4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page #afjb-,,ps #dd ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml]1 #ae ,may #aida1 #ada conc]n+ high-altitude exp]im5ts on human be+s4 #aehb-,,ps #de ,lett] f ,rudolf ,br&t to ,ras*]1 undat$1 #adc n=m+ him t prison]s w\ld be made available = high-altitude rese>*4 #aeha-;,a-,,ps #dh ,lett] f ,rudolf ,br&t to ,siev]s1 #ba ,m>* #add #aidb1 conc]n+ ,ras*]'s p>ticipation 9 high-altitude exp]im5ts4 #aiga-;,a-,,ps #di ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml]1 #e ,april #aidb1 #add & report1 undat$1 on high-altitude exp]im5ts4 #aiga-;,c-,,ps #ej ,lett] f ,rudolf ,br&t to ,ras*]1 #ac ,april #adg #aidb1 reg>d+ 8 success ) high-altitude exp]im5ts4 #aiga-;,b-,,ps #ea ,lett] f ,himml] to ,ras*]1 #ac ,april #aidb1 #adh reque/+ a repetition ( high-altitude exp]im5ts on prison]s condemn$ to dea?4 #aiga-;,d-,,ps #eb ,teletype f ,ras*] to ,rudolf ,br&t1 #bj #adi ,octob] #aidb1 reque/+ cl>ification on ! p>don grant$ by ,himml]4 #aiga-;,e-,,ps #ec ,teletype f ,rudolf ,br&t to ,s*nitzl]1 #ba #adi ,octob] #aidb1 conc]n+ ! p>don grant$ by ,himml]4 ,,no-#bah #ef ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml]1 #af ,april #aidb1 #aej report+ on high-altitude exp]im5ts ) fatal results & on exp]im5ts conduct$ toge!r ) ,romb]g4 ,,no-#bfd #fj ,file note = ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,s*nitzl]1 #aea #bh ,april #aidb4 ,,no-#bbj #fa ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml]1 #aa ,may #aidb1 #aeb & secret report conc]n+ high-altitude exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#djb #ff ,lett]1 #bi ,septemb] #aidb1 & report1 #bh ,july #aee #aidb1 f ,romb]g & ,ruff to ,himml] conc]n+ exp]im5ts on rescue f high altitudes4 #cdc-;,a-,,ps #fb ,lett] f ,mil* to ,wolff1 #bj ,may #aidb1 #agb reg>d+ cont9uation ( exp]im5ts4 #cdc-;,b-,,ps #gj ,lett] f ,mil* to ,himml]1 #ca ,augu/ #aidb1 #agb ackn[l$g+ receipt ( reports by ,ras*] & ,romb]g on high-altitude exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#bhi #gb ,lett] f ,hippke to ,himml]1 #h ,octob] #aidb1 #agc ?ank+ ! latt] = 8 assi/ance 9 high-altitude exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,,no-#bbd #gf ,note by ,romb]g on %[+ ( film 9 (fice #agd ( ,/ate ,secret>y ,mil* & propos$ report to ,mil*1 #aa ,septemb] #aidb4 #afab-,,ps #gi ,lett] f ,rudolf ,br&t to ,ras*]1 #ac #agf ,decemb] #aidb1 & ,himml]'s ord] assign+ ,ras*] to high-altitude exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#faj #da ,inmates ( ! ,da*au conc5tration camp 9 #hih diff]5t /ages ( simulat$ altitude 9 ! l[-pressure *amb]2 po/mortem dissections ( exp]im5tal subjects :o di$ f ! effects ( high-altitude exp]im5ts4 7,see ,selections f ,photographic ,evid5ce ( ! ,prosecution47 ,te/imony ,extracts f ! te/imony ( tribunal witness ,walt] ,neff #agg ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t #ahc ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,romb]g #ahf ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #afjb-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #dd ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,himml]1 #ae ,,may #aida1 ,,conc]n+ ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,human ,,be+s ,/amp ,sigmund ,ras*]1 ,m4 ,d4 ,p]sonal ,/aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,ar*ives ,file ,no4 ,secret_/#eh ,muni*1 ,trog]/rasse #ef1 #ae ,may #aida ,highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]1 ,my mo/ s9c]e ?anks = y\r cordial wi%es & fl[]s on ! bir? ( my second son4 ,?is "t1 too1 x is a /rong boy1 ?\gh he arriv$ #c weeks too e>ly4 ,i %all take ! lib]ty & s5d y a small picture ( bo? *ildr5 "s "t4 ,s9ce ,i want a ?ird *ild v soon1 ,i feel v grateful to y t ) y\r help1 highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]1 ! w$d+ is made possible4 ,today ,i 0 in=m$ by ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,sollmann on ! telephone t ! #afe m>ks z requir$ = a w$d+ w be *>g$ to ! acc\nt 8,r0 & w be transmitt$ by ! ,ahn5]be4 ,i ?ank y he>tily6 ,i only ne$ a %ort c]tificate conc]n+ ,aryan desc5t = ! ,luftwaffe1 :]e ! p]mit 0 already submitt$4 ,tomorr[1 prior to my dep>ture1 ,i %all dictate a r\gh text to ,n9i ,d2 %e w !n =w>d ! note to y1 highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]4 ,i also ?ank y v cordially = ! g5]\s regul> all[ance ( fruit2 ?is is at pres5t extremely important = "m & *ildr54 ,= ! "t be+1 h be5 assign$ to ! ,luftgau ,komm&o ,,vii1 ,muni*1 = a m$ical selection c\rse4 ,dur+ ?is c\rse1 :]e rese>* on high-altitude fly+ plays a prom95t "p1 det]m9$ by ! some:at high] ceil+ ( ! ,engli% fight] planes1 consid]able regret 0 express$ t no exp]im5ts on human be+s h s f> be5 possible = u because su* exp]im5ts are v dang]\s & nobody is volunte]+4 ,i !re=e put ! s]i\s "q3 is !re any possibility t two or ?ree pr(essional crim9als c be made available = ^! exp]im5ts8 ,! exp]im5ts are be+ p]=m$ at ! ,gr\nd ,/ation = ,high-,altitude ,exp]im5ts ( ! ,luftwaffe ,bod5/a5dige ,pruef/elle fu] ,hoeh5=s*ung d] ,luftwaffe at ,muni*4 ,! exp]im5ts1 9 :i* ! exp]im5tal subject ( c\rse may die1 w\ld take place ) my collaboration4 ,!y are absolutely ess5tial = ! rese>* on high-altitude fly+ & _c1 z x has be5 tri$ until n[1 be c>ri$ out on monkeys1 because monkeys (f] entirely diff]5t te/ conditions4 ,i _h an absolutely confid5tial talk ) ! repres5tative ( ! ,luftwaffe physician :o is conduct+ ^! exp]im5ts4 ,he also is ( ! op9ion t ! problems 9 "q c only be solv$ by exp]im5ts on human be+s4 7,feeble-m9d$ individuals also c\ld be us$ z exp]im5tal mat]ial47 ,= ! "t be+1 ,,ss m5 & "s ,,ss (fic]s z well are detail$ to ! antiaircraft s*ool ,,iv1 = /udy+ ! range-f9d+ te*nique4 ,! mat]ial is excell5t4 ,nev]!less1 ,i sugge/ t selection ( range-f9d+ m5 among ,,ss troops %\ld be c>ri$ out accord+ to ! me?ods ( exam9ation z us$ by ! ,luftwaffe4 ,a /ill bett] selection w\ld ?us be ! result4 ,i am able to judge because ,i am ! speciali/ = m$ical selection ) ! ,luftwaffe range-f9d+ unit1 & all ^? detail$ to ^! c\rses once m h to pass my exam9ation4 ,i !re=e take ! lib]ty to s5d to y f ,s*ongau ! me?od ( selection z draft$ by me4 ,= ?is1 ,i receiv$ ! ,w> ,m]it ,cross1 #b;d ,class1 ) ,swords4 ,x w n be a note = in/ruction b a draft = a lecture4 ,i pref] to h x =w>d$ ! direct way r ?an t any ,,ss (fic] %\ld put x d[n 9 a mutilat$ way dur+ my lectures4 ,a simil> in/ructional note 0 submitt$ to ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry = ,aviation4 ,?anks to y\r g5]osity1 ! canc] rese>* is progress+ well1 9 spite ( ! w>4 ,i d hope t y1 highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]1 are 9 p]fect heal?1 9 spite ( y\r trem5d\s am\nt ( "w6 ,) my mo/ he>ty wi%es1 ,i am ) ,heil ,hitl]6 h&writt5 ,y\rs1 gratefully devot$1 ,sign$ ,s4 ,,ras*] ,h&writt5 ,,ru% ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #aehb-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #de ,,lett] ,,f ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,,to ,,ras*]1 ,,undat$1 ,,in=m+ ,,him ,,t ,,prison]s ,,w\ld ,,be ,,made ,,available ,,= ,,high-,,altitude ,,rese>* ,,ak_/#ajd;a_/,,lo ,bra_/,v ,/amp un9telligible ,may #b 787 #aida ,,ss ,unt]/urmfuehr] ,sigmund ,ras*] ,m4 ,d4 ,muni* ,trog]/r4 #ef ,de> ,dr4 ,ras*]3 ,%ortly be=e fly+ to ,oslo1 ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss gave me y\r lett] ( #ae ,may #aida1 = p>tial reply4 ,i c in=m y t prison]s w1 ( c\rse1 be gladly made available = ! high-flight rese>*es4 ,i h in=m$ ! ,*ief ( ! ,security ,police ( ?is agreem5t ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 & reque/$ t ! compet5t (ficial be in/ruct$ to get 9 t\* ) y4 ,i want to use ! opportunity to ext5d my cordial wi%es to y on ! bir? ( y\r son4 ,i %all ref] z soon z possible to ! second "p ( y\r lett]4 ,by ord] ,heil ,hitl]6 initials ,r ,,br ,rudolf ,br&t ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] illegible m>k+s ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #aeha-;,a-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #dh ,,lett] ,,f ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,,to ,,siev]s1 #ba ,,m>* #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,ras*]',s ,,p>ticipation ,,9 ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,p]sonal ,/aff ,j\rnal ,no4 ,,ar #gjd_/b ,a_/,bn4 ,/amp ,p]sonal ,/aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,docum5t>y ,adm9i/ration ,record numb] ,,ar_/#gjd_/b ,a_/,bn4 #eh ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #ba ,m>* #aidb ,to ! ,rei* ,*ief ,manag] ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ! 8,ahn5]be0 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s ,b]l9--,dahlem ,de> ,comrade ,siev]s1 ,i ref] to y\r inquiry ( #i ,m>* #aidb ,b_/#aea_/r#a ,s_/,wo--conc]n+ ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,ref]5ce is made to ! subatmosph]ic pressure exp]im5ts :i* are be+ c>ri$ out on conc5tration camp inmates 9 ! ,da*au camp by ! air =ce4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss has approv$ ^! exp]im5ts "u ! condition t ,,ss ,unt]/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ras*]1 :o is an ,ob]/urmfuehr] ( ! air =ce1 takes "p 9 !m4 ,i am sure t ,dr4 ,ras*] w be able to give y fur!r details4#bb ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,br&t ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #aiga-;,a-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #di ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,himml]1 #e ,,april #aidb1 ,,& ,,report1 ,,undat$1 ,,on ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts ,sigmund ,ras*]1 ,m4 ,d4 #e ,april #aidb ,m>g9al note ,v int]e/+4 #h-d-db4 ,app>5tly by ,himml] ,highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]3 ,enclos$ is an int]im report on ! l[-pressure exp]im5ts s f> conduct$ 9 ! conc5tration camp ( ,da*au4 ,may ,i ask y respectively to treat ! report z secret8 ,a few days ago ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,rei*s>zt ,,ss ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,grawitz made a brief inspection ( ! exp]im5tation plant4 ,s9ce 8 "t 0 v limit$1 no exp]im5ts c\ld be demon/rat$ to him4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s took a :ole day (f to wat* "s ( ! int]e/+ /&>d exp]im5ts & may h giv5 y a brief report4 ,i believe1 highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]1 t y w\ld be extraord9>ily int]e/$ 9 ^? exp]im5ts4 ,is x n possible t on ! occasion ( a trip to s\!rn ,g]many y h "s ( ! exp]im5ts demon/rat$ to y8 ,if ! results s obta9$ by ! exp]im5ts are confirm$ by fur!r exp]im5tation1 entirely new data w be secur$ = sci5ce2 simultane\sly1 entirely new aspects w be op5$ to ! ,luftwaffe4 ,i hope t1 ?anks to ! int5d$ ef=ts ( ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s1 ! ,luftwaffe w make no difficulties f n[ on4 ,i am v mu* indebt$ to ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s z he has %[n a v active int]e/ 9 my "w 9 e respect4 ,i ?ank y respectfully1 highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]1 = ! g5]\s realization ( my proposition to conduct su* exp]im5ts 9 ! conc5tration camp4 ,) my be/ wi%es = y\r p]sonal well-be+1 ,i am ,) ,heil ,hitl] ,gratefully y\rs1 ,sign$ ,s4 ,,ras*] ,,fir/ ,,int]im ,,report ,,on ,,! ,,l[-,,pressure ,,*amb] ,,exp]im5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,( ,,da*au #a4 ,! object is to solve ! problem ( :e!r ! !oretically e/abli%$ norms p]ta9+ to ! l5g? ( life ( human be+s brea?+ air ) only a small proportion ( oxyg5 & subject$ to l[ pressure correspond ) ! results obta9$ by practical exp]im5ts4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t a p>a*uti/1 :o jumps f a height ( #ab km4 w\ld suff] v sev]e injuries1 probably ev5 die1 on acc\nt ( ! lack ( oxyg54 ,practical exp]im5ts on ?is subject h always be5 discont9u$ aft] a maximum ( #ec seconds1 s9ce v sev]e b5ds ,hoeh5krankheit occurr$4 #b4 ,exp]im5ts te/+ ! l5g? ( life ( a human be+ above ! normal brea?+ limits 7#d1 #e1 #f km47 h n be5 conduct$ at all1 s9ce x has be5 a =egone conclusion t ! human exp]im5tal subject ,v]su*sp]son--,,vp w\ld suff] dea?4 ,! exp]im5ts conduct$ by myself & ,dr4 ,romb]g prov$ ! foll[+3 ,exp]im5ts on p>a*ute jumps prov$ t ! lack ( oxyg5 & ! l[ atmosph]ic pressure at #ab or #ac km4 altitude did n cause dea?4 ,altoge!r #ae extreme exp]im5ts ( ?is type 7 c>ri$ out 9 :i* none ( ,,vp's di$4 ,v sev]e b5ds toge!r ) unconsci\sness occurr$1 b completely normal functions ( ! s5ses return$ :5 a height ( #g km4 0 rea*$ on desc5t4 ,electroc>diograms regi/]+ dur+ ! exp]im5ts did %[ c]ta9 irregul>ities1 b by ! "t ! exp]im5ts 7 ov] ! curves _h return$ to normal & !y did n indicate any abnormal *anges dur+ ! foll[+ days4 ,! ext5t to :i* det]ioration ( ! organism may occur due to cont9u\sly repeat$ exp]im5ts c only be e/abli%$ at ! end ( ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,! extreme fatal exp]im5ts w be c>ri$ out on specially select$ ,,vp's1 o!rwise x w\ld n be possible to ex]cise ! rigid control s extraord9>ily important = practical purposes4 ,! ,,vp's 7 br\ght to a height ( #h km4 "u oxyg5 & !n _h to make #e knee b5ds ) & )\t oxyg54 ,aft] a c]ta9 lapse ( "t1 mod]ate to sev]e b5ds occurr$ & ! ,,vp's became unconsci\s4 ,h[ev]1 aft] a c]ta9 p]iod ( accu/om+ !mselves to ! height ( #h km4 all ! ,,vp's recup]at$ & rega9$ _! consci\sness & ! normal functions ( _! s5ses4 ,only cont9u\s exp]im5ts at altitudes high] ?an #aj4e km4 result$ 9 dea?4 ,^! exp]im5ts %[$ t brea?+ /opp$ aft] ab\t #cj m9utes1 :ile 9 #b cases ! electroc>diographically *>t$ action ( ! he>t cont9u$ = ano!r #bj m9utes4 ,! ?ird exp]im5t ( ?is type took su* an extraord9>y c\rse t ,i call$ an ,,ss physician ( ! camp z witness1 s9ce ,i _h work$ on ^! exp]im5ts all by myself4 ,x 0 a cont9u\s exp]im5t )\t oxyg5 at a height ( #ab km4 conduct$ on a #cg-ye>-old ,jew 9 good g5]al condition4 ,brea?+ cont9u$ up to #cj m9utes4 ,aft] #d m9utes ! ,,vp began to p]spire & to wiggle 8 head1 aft] #e m9utes cramps occurr$1 betwe5 #f & #aj m9utes brea?+ increas$ 9 spe$ & ! ,,vp became unconsci\s2 f #aa to #cj m9utes brea?+ sl[$ d[n to ?ree brea?s p] m9ute1 f9ally /opp+ altoge!r4 ,sev]e/ cyanosis develop$ 9 betwe5 & foam appe>$ at ! m\?4 ,at #e-m9ute int]vals electroc>diograms f ?ree leads 7 writt54 ,aft] brea?+ _h /opp$1 ! electroc>diogram 0 cont9u\sly writt5 until ! action ( ! he>t _h come to a complete /&/ill4 ,ab\t h\r aft] brea?+ _h /opp$1 dissection 0 />t$4 ,autopsy ,report ,:5 ! cavity ( ! *e/ 0 op5$ ! p]ic>dium 0 fill$ tightly 7he>t tamponade74 ,^u op5+ ( ! p]ic>dium #hj cc4 ( cle> yell[i% liquid gu%$ =?4 ,! mom5t ! tamponade _h /opp$1 ! "r auricle began to beat heavily1 at fir/ at ! rate ( #fj actions p] m9ute1 !n progressively sl[]4 ,tw5ty m9utes aft] ! p]ic>dium _h be5 op5$1 ! "r auricle 0 op5$ by punctur+ x4 ,= ab\t #ae m9utes1 a ?9 /ream ( blood spurt$ =?4 ,!reaft] clogg+ ( ! puncture w\nd 9 ! auricle by coagulation ( ! blood & r5ew$ accel]ation ( ! action ( ! "r auricle occurr$4 ,"o h\r aft] brea?+ _h /opp$1 ! sp9al m>r[ 0 completely sev]$ & ! bra9 remov$4 ,!reupon ! action ( ! auricle /opp$ = #dj seconds4 ,x !n r5ew$ its action1 com+ to a complete /&/ill #h m9utes lat]4 ,a heavy sub>*noid o$ema 0 f\nd 9 ! bra94 ,9 ! ve9s & art]ies ( ! bra9 a consid]able quantity ( air 0 discov]$4 ,fur!rmore1 ! blood vessels 9 ! he>t & liv] 7 enorm\sly ob/ruct$ by embolism4 ,! anatomical prep>ations w be pres]v$ & s ,i %all be able to evaluate !m lat]4 ,! la/-m5tion$ case is to my k ! fir/ "o ( ?is type ev] obs]v$ on man4 ,! above-describ$ he>t actions w ga9 p>ticul> sci5tific int]e/1 s9ce !y 7 writt5 d[n ) an electroc>diogram to ! v end4 ,! exp]im5ts w be cont9u$ & ext5d$4 ,ano!r int]im report w foll[ aft] new results h be5 obta9$4 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,ras*] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #aiga-;,c-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ej ,,lett] ,,f ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,,to ,,ras*]1 #ac ,,april #aidb1 ,,reg>d+ ,,8 ,,success ,,) ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts #aagd_/db ,b,ra_/,v ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #ac ,april #aidb ,top ,secret ,,ss ,unt]/urmfuehr] ,ras*]1 ,m4 ,d4 ,muni*1 ,trog]/rasse #ef ,de> ,comrade ,dr4 ,ras*]1 ,y\r report ( #e4d4aidb has be5 se5 by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss today4 ,! te/s on :i* ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s gave a brief report int]e/$ him v mu*4 ,= ! fur!r te/s ,i wi% y a cont9uation ( ! success y h _h s f>4 ,be/ reg>ds also to y\r wife4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs1 ,sign$ ,b4 ,r4 ,,br&t ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #aiga-;,b-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ea ,,lett] ,,f ,,himml] ,,to ,,ras*]1 #ac ,,april #aidb1 ,,reque/+ ,a ,,repetition ,,( ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,prison]s ,,condemn$ ,,to ,,dea? ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #ac ,april #aidb ,,ss ,unt]/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ras*] ,muni* #bg1 ,trog]/rasse #ef ,de> ,dr4 ,ras*]3 ,i want to answ] y\r lett] ) :i* y s5t me y\r reports4 ,especially ! late/ discov]ies made 9 y\r exp]im5ts p>ticul>ly h int]e/$ me4 ,may ,i n[ ask y ! foll[+3 #a4 ,?is exp]im5t is to be repeat$ on o!r m5 condemn$ to dea?4 #b4 ,i w\ld l ,dr4 ,fahr5kamp to be tak5 into consultation on ^! exp]im5ts4 #c4 ,consid]+ ! long-cont9u$ action ( ! he>t ! exp]im5ts %\ld be specifically exploit$ 9 su* a mann] z to det]m9e :e!r ^! m5 c\ld be recall$ to life4 ,%\ld su* an exp]im5t succe$1 !n1 ( c\rse1 ! p]son condemn$ to dea? %all be p>don$ to conc5tration camp = life4 ,please keep me fur!r in=m$ on ! exp]im5ts4 ,k9d reg>ds & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs ,sign$ ,h4 ,,himml] #b4 ,*ief ( ! ,security ,police & ,,sd4 #c4 ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gluecks4 ,copy = y\r in=mation4 by ord] ,i4 ,a4 initial$ ,,br4 ,rudolf ,br&t ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #aiga-;,d-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #eb ,,teletype ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #bj ,,octob] #aidb1 ,,reque/+ ,,cl>ification ,,on ,,! ,,p>don ,,grant$ ,,by ,,himml] ,,rei* ,,security ,,ma9 ,,(fice ,communication ,communication ,no4 #aaaid ,urg5t ,,rfss ,muni*--,teletype ,no4 #bjbj1 #bj ,octob] #aidb1 #e3be p4 m4 ,to3 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,br&t ,field ,comm& ,po/ ,feldkomm&o/elle ,hegewald ,highly e/eem$ ,ob]/urmbannfuehr]3 ,w y please cl>ify ! foll[+ case ) ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss z soon z possible8 ,9 communication ,,rfss ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ( #ac-a-db "u p>agraph #c x is ord]$ t if prison]s 9 ,da*au condemn$ to dea? live ?r\gh exp]im5ts :i* h endang]$ _! lives1 !y %\ld be p>don$4 ,z up to n[ only ,poles & ,russians 7 available1 "s ( :om _h be5 condemn$ to dea?1 x is n q cle> to me yet z to :e!r ! above-m5tion$ p>agraph also applies to !m1 & :e!r !y may be p>don$ to conc5tration camp = life aft] hav+ liv$ ?r\gh sev]al v sev]e exp]im5ts4 ,please answ] by teletype via ,adjutant's ,(fice1 ,,rfss1 ,muni*4 ,ob$i5t ,greet+s1 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs ,sign$ ,s4 ,,ras*] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #aiga-;,e-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ec ,,teletype ,,f ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,,to ,,s*nitzl]1 #ba ,,octob] #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,p>don ,,grant$ ,,by ,,himml] ,,teletype ,to ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,s*nitzl] ,muni* ,please in=m ,,ss ,unt]/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ras*] ) reg>d to 8 teletype inquiry t ! in/ruction giv5 "s "t ago by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss conc]n+ amne/y ( te/ p]sons does n apply to ,poles & ,russians4 ,sign$ ,,br&t ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] #ba ,octob] #aidb ,bra_/,dr4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bah ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ef ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,himml]1 #af ,,april #aidb1 ,,report+ ,,on ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts ,,) ,,fatal ,,results ,,& ,,on ,,exp]im5ts ,,conduct$ ,,toge!r ,,) ,,romb]g ,muni*1 ,trog]/rasse #ef1 #af ,april #aidb ,highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]3 ,may ,i ?ank y = y\r lett] ( #ac ,april4 ,i am delight$ ) ! great int]e/ :i* y1 highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]1 are tak+ 9 ! exp]im5ts & _! results4 ,i ?ank y = ! inspiration y h giv5 me 9 y\r lett]4 ,! exp]im5t describ$ 9 ! report ( #d ,april 0 repeat$ f\r times1 ea* "t ) ! same results4 ,:5 ,wagn]1 ! la/ te/ p]son _h /opp$ brea?+1 ,i let him come back to life by increas+ pressure4 ,s9ce te/ p]son 8,w 4 4 40 0 assign$ = a t]m9al#bc exp]im5t1 z a repeat$ exp]im5t held no prospect ( new results1 & s9ce ,i _h n be5 9 possession ( y\r lett] at t "t1 ,i subsequ5tly />t$ ano!r exp]im5t ?r\gh :i* ,te/ ,p]son ,wagn] did n live4 ,also 9 ?is case ! results obta9$ by electroc>diographic regi/ration 7 extraord9>y4 ,9 accordance ) y\r ord]s1 ,i tri$ to contact ,dr4 ,fahr5kamp imm$iately ^u receipt ( y\r lett]4 ,h[ev]1 ,i c\ld n speak to him s9ce he is laid up ) ang9a4 ,9 a few days ,i %all ask aga9 if ,dr4 ,fahr5kamp is available4 ,mean:ile1 at times toge!r ) ,dr4 ,romb]g1 ,i h c>ri$ out fall+ exp]im5ts f heights ( f #af to #bj kilomet]s4 ,!re1 contr>y to !oretical assumptions1 x 0 prov$ t fall+ ?r\gh space aft] jump+ f an airplane 9 ! /ratosph]e 7pressure cab9plane7 is q possible1 z aft] sev]e unconsci\sness ! te/ p]son rega9$ complete consci\sness 9 ea* case1 at betwe5 #g & #h kilomet]s height :5 ! p>a*ute lev]1 in/all$ 9 ! *amb]1 0 pull$4 ,)9 ! next few days1 ,i %all report at l5g? on ^! exp]im5ts z well z on ! above-m5tion$ ,te/ ,p]son ,wagn]4 ,i also h a reque/ to make3 ,may ,i take pictures ( ! v>i\s dissection prep>ations 9 ! dissect+ room ( ! conc5tration camp to make a record ( ! /range =mations ( air embolism8 ,9 ?is connection1 my wife has already writt5 to ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,br&t4 ,highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]1 all[ me to close by assur+ y t y\r active int]e/ 9 ^! exp]im5ts has a trem5d\s influ5ce on "o's work+ capacity & initiative4 ,i am ) devot$ greet+ & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs gratefully devot$ ,sign$ ,s4 ,,ras*] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bfd ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #fj ,,file ,,note ,,= ,,ss ,,ob]/urmfuehr] ,,s*nitzl]1 #bh ,,april #aidb ,frau ,ras*] 0 "h today 9 ! (fice & /at$ ! foll[+ to me = y 9 a few words3 ,ob]/abs>zt ,dr4 ,weltz /ill insi/s on p>ticipation 9 ! exp]im5ts & on full responsibility4 ,if n1 ! assignm5t ( ,dr4 ,ras*] to ! ,weltz ,in/itute mu/ be *ang$4 ,weltz p]sonally is n int]e/$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,,rlm ,! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/ry asks ,ob]/abs>zt ,dr4 ,weltz h[ long ! exp]im5ts w la/ & :e!r x is ju/ifiable to detail a m$ical (fic] = s long a "t4 ,,rlm dem&s f ,weltz an op9ion on ! exp]im5ts :i* he1 h[ev]1 _c give1 unless he is fully in=m$ ab\t !m4 ,weltz w be 9 ,b]l9 ) ,g5]alob]/abs>zt ,hippke on ,friday4 ,weltz dem&s a /atem5t by ,friday z to :e!r he %\ld consid] himself z /ill p>ticipat+ 9 ! exp]im5ts1 or :e!r x is reque/$ t he %\ld n p>ticipate 9 ! exp]im5ts4 ,! assignm5t ( ,dr4 ,ras*] mu/ imm$iately be *ang$ to 8,assignm5t to ,aviation ,te/ ,in/itute ,b]l9--,adl]%(1 ,da*au ,bran*0 7n ,weltz ,in/itute71 because ,weltz--z he /at$--int5ds to cancel ! assignm5t imm$iately1 if he is n to p>ticipate 9 x4 ,= p]sonal confid5tial in=mation ,dr4 ,weltz confid5tially in=m$ ,dr4 ,ras*] t !re is great mi/ru/ aga9/ him 9 ! ,,rlm because ( ! exp]im5ts 7,,ss memb]%ip72 !re is also animosity 9 ! air =ce adm9i/rative comm& 7,luftgau7 ,muni* = ?is reason4 ,muni*1 #bh ,april #aidb4 ,gr4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bbj ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #fa ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,himml]1 #aa ,,may #aidb1 ,,& ,,secret ,,report ,,conc]n+ ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts ,sigmund ,ras*] ,m4 ,d4 ,muni*1 ,trog]/rasse #ef1 #aa ,may #aidb ,highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]3 ,enclos$ ,i am =w>d+ a %ort summ>y on ! pr9cipal exp]im5ts conduct$ up to date4 ,a detail$ report on ! practical z well z ! !oretical results w take "s m "t4 ,i %all hurry4 ,s9ce ! mat]ial has to be process$ ! exploitation ( ! pa?ological prep>ations w take ab\t ye> ?\gh ! ,kais] ,wilhelm ,in/itute = ,bra9 ,rese>* w help u1 ,i hope4 ,tonight ,i succe$$ 9 see+ ,dr4 ,fahr5kamp :o has relatively recov]$4 ,he appe>$ to be v int]e/$ & ,i ?9k !re w be a f9e & fruitful coop]ation4 ,dr4 ,fahr5kamp :o has an enorm\s k mo/ amiably promis$ to help me 9 ev]y?+4 ,he w give to y himself 8 op9ion on my he>t exp]im5ts4 ,f our conv]sation ,i h _h ! impression t a great field ( "w w op5 up to me yet4 ,i ?ank y1 highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]1 = hav+ op5$ ^! opportunities to me to su* an ext5t4 ,un=tunately1 ! ext5sion ( my assignm5t has n be5 settl$ yet2 9 accordance ) ! pres5t regulations1 my assignm5t w be t]m9at$ on #ae ,may4 ,?ank+ y aga91 ,i am ) mo/ ob$i5t greet+s & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs gratefully1 ,sign$ ,s4 ,,ras*] ,muni*1 #aa ,may #aidb ,,secret ,,report ,bas$ on results ( exp]im5ts :i* up to n[ v>i\s sci5ti/s _h conduct$ on animals only1 ! exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au 7 to prove :e!r ^! results w\ld ma9ta9 _! validity on human be+s4 #a4 ,! fir/ exp]im5ts 7 to %[ :e!r ! human be+ c gradually adapt himself to high] altitudes4 ,"s #aj te/s %[$ t a sl[] asc5t )\t oxyg5 tak+ f #f to #h h\rs kept ! functions ( ! s5ses ( ! v>i\s ,,vp's ,v]su*sp]son5--human exp]im5tal subjects fully normal up to a height ( #h1jjj met]s4 ,)9 #h h\rs sev]al ,,vp's _h rea*$ a height ( #i4e kilomet]s )\t oxyg5 :5 b5ds occurr$ sudd5ly4 #b4 ,normally x is impossible to /ay )\t oxyg5 at altitudes high] ?an #f kilomet]s4 ,exp]im5ts %[$ h[ev] t aft] asc5t to #h1jjj met]s )\t oxyg51 b5ds comb9$ ) unconsci\sness la/$ only ab\t #be m9utes4 ,aft] ?is p]iod ! ,,vp's _h mo/ly become accu/om$ to t altitude2 consci\sness return$1 !y c\ld make knee b5ds1 %[$ a normal electroc>diograph & 7 able to "w 7#fj to #gj p]c5t ( ! cases exam9$74 #c4 ,desc5d+ te/s on p>a*utes 7susp5d$7 )\t oxyg54 ,^! exp]im5ts prov$ t f #ad kilomet]s on d[n sev]e/ b5ds occurr$ :i* rema9$ until ! gr\nd 0 rea*$4 ,! detrim5tal effects caus$ by ^! exp]im5ts manife/$ !mselves at ! beg9n+ z unconsci\sness1 & subsequ5tly z spa/ic & limp p>alysis1 catotomy1 /]eotypy1 & z retrograde amnesia la/+ sev]al h\rs4 ,ab\t #a h\r aft] ! end ( ! exp]im5t ! ,,vp's = ! mo/ "p 7 /ill disori5t$ z to "t & locality4 ,! blood picture (t5 %[$ a %ift to ! left2 album5 & r$ & :ite blood corpuscles 7 regul>ly f\nd 9 ! ur9e aft] ! exp]im5t2 cyl9d]s 7 sometimes f\nd4 ,aft] sev]al h\rs or days ! blood & ur9e return$ to normal4 ,! *anges ( ! electroc>diograph 7 rev]sible4 ,contr>y to desc5d+ te/s on p>a*utes )\t oxyg51 desc5d+ te/s ) oxyg5 7 c>ri$ out f heights up to #ah kilomet]s4 ,x 0 prov$ t on ! av]age ! ,,vp's rega9$ ! normal function ( _! s5ses at #ab to #ac kilomet]s4 ,no di/urbances ( g5]al conditions occurr$ dur+ any ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,brief unconsci\sness at ! beg9n+ ( ! exp]im5t caus$ no la/+ di/urbances4 ,ur9e & blood %[$ only a slight *ange4 #d4 ,z ! long "t ( desc5t on p>a*utes1 "u actual conditions1 w\ld cause sev]e freez+ ev5 if no detrim5tal effects 7 caus$ by lack ( oxyg51 ,,vp's 7 br\ght by sudd5 decreases 9 pressure ) a cutt+ tor* f #h to #bj kilomet]s1 simulat+ ! damage to ! pressure-ma*9e ( ! high-altitude airplane4 ,aft] a wait+ p]iod ( #aj seconds1 correspond+ to /epp+ out ( ! ma*9e1 ! ,,vp's 7 made to fall f ?is height ) oxyg5 to a height :]e brea?+ is possible4 ,! ,,vp's awoke betwe5 #aj & #ab kilomet]s & at ab\t #h kilomet]s pull$ ! p>a*ute lev]4 #e4 ,9 exp]im5ts ( fall+ f ! same height )\t oxyg51 ! ,,vp's rega9$ normal function ( _! s5ses only betwe5 #b & #e kilomet]s4 #f4 ,exp]im5ts te/+ ! effect ( p]vit9 on ! organism dur+ p>a*ute jumps1 prov$ t ! sev]e aft]-effects1 z m5tion$ "u ,no4 #c1 7 consid]ably mild]4 ,! ability to )/& ! conditions at high altitudes 0 only slightly improv$1 :ile ! b5ds1 s9ce !y 7 n notic$1 occurr$ sudd5ly 7re/ra9t-loos5+ effects ( p]vit974 #g4 ,dr4 ,kli*es1 ( ! ,*>les ,univ]sity 9 ,prague1 reports 9 ! publication ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil3 8,by prolong$ brea?+ ( oxyg51 human be+s %\ld !oretically be kept fully fit up to #ac kilomet]s4 ,9 practice1 ! limit is ar\nd #aa kilomet]s4 ,exp]im5ts :i* ,i c>ri$ out 9 ?is connection prov$ t ) pure oxyg5 no l[]+ ( ! measurable raw en]gy 7ergomet]7 0 noticeable up to #ac4c kilomet]s4 ,! ,,vp's m]ely became unwill+ s9ce pa9s ( ! body cavities grew too sev]e1 due to ! l[]+ ( pressure betwe5 body & ?9 air4 ,:5 pure oxyg5 0 inhal$ b5ds occurr$ 9 all #be cases only at heights above #ad4b kilomet]s40 ,z practical result ( ! m ?an #bjj exp]im5ts conduct$ at ,da*au1 ! foll[+ c be assum$3 ,fly+ 9 altitudes high] ?an #ab kilomet]s )\t pressure-cab9 or pressure-suit is impossible ev5 :ile brea?+ pure oxyg54 ,if ! airplane pressure-ma*9e is damag$ at altitudes ( #ac kilomet]s & high]1 ! crew w n be able to bail out ( ! damag$ plane !mselves s9ce at t height ! b5ds appe> r sudd5ly4 ,x mu/ be reque/$ t ! crew %\ld be remov$ automatically f ! plane1 = in/ance1 by catapult+ ! seats by means ( compress$ air4 ,desc5d+ ) op5$ p>a*ute )\t oxyg5 w\ld cause sev]e injuries due to ! lack ( oxyg51 besides caus+ sev]e freez+2 consci\sness w\ld n be rega9$ until ! gr\nd 0 rea*$4 ,!re=e ! foll[+ is to be reque/$3 #a4 ,a p>a*ute ) b>ometrically controll$ op5+4 #b4 ,a portable oxyg5 app>atus = ! jump4 ,= ! foll[+ exp]im5ts ,jewi% pr(essional crim9als :o _h committ$ race pollution 7 us$4 ,! "q ( ! =mation ( embolism 0 inve/igat$ 9 #aj cases4 ,"s ( ! ,,vp's di$ dur+ a cont9u$ high-altitude exp]im5t2 = in/ance1 aft] "o-half h\r at a height ( #ab kilomet]s4 ,aft] ! skull _h be5 op5$ "u wat] an ample am\nt ( air embolism 0 f\nd 9 ! bra9 vessels &1 9 "p1 free air 9 ! bra9 v5tricles4 ,to f9d out :e!r ! sev]e psy*ic & physical effects1 z m5tion$ "u ,no4 #c1 are due to ! =mation ( embolism1 ! foll[+ 0 done3 ,aft] relative recup]ation f su* a p>a*ute desc5d+ te/ _h tak5 place1 h[ev]1 be=e rega9+ consci\sness1 "s ,,vp's 7 kept "u wat] until !y di$4 ,:5 ! skull & ! cavities ( ! brea/ & ( ! abdom5 _h be5 op5$ "u wat]1 an enorm\s am\nt ( air embolism 0 f\nd 9 ! vessels ( ! bra91 ! coron>y vessels1 & ! vessels ( ! liv] & ! inte/9es1 etc4 ,t proves t air embolism1 s f> consid]$ z absolutely fatal1 is n fatal at all1 b t is rev]sible z %[n by ! return to normal conditions ( all ! o!r ,,vp's4 ,x 0 also prov$ by exp]im5ts t air embolism occurs 9 practically all vessels ev5 :ile pure oxyg5 is be+ inhal$4 ,"o ,,vp 0 made to brea! pure oxyg5 = #b h\rs be=e ! exp]im5t />t$4 ,aft] #f m9utes at a height ( #bj kilomet]s1 he di$ & at dissection also %[$ ample air embolism1 z 0 ! case 9 all o!r exp]im5ts4 ,at sudd5 decreases 9 pressure & subsequ5t imm$iate falls to heights :]e brea?+ is possible1 no deep rea*+ damages due to air embolism c\ld be not$4 ,! =mation ( air embolism always ne$s a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t4 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,ras*] ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#djb ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ff ,,lett]1 #bi ,,septemb] #aidb1 ,,& ,,report1 #bh ,,july #aidb1 ,,f ,,romb]g ,,& ,,ruff ,,to ,,himml] ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,rescue ,,f ,,high ,,altitudes ,g]man ,aviation ,rese>* ,in/itute ,b]l9-,adl]%(1 ,rud[] ,*4 #af-be ,/amp ,secret ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa ,pr9z-,albre*t/r4 #h ,y\r ,ref4 ,y\r communication ( ,,dvl-,ref4 ,day ,r_/,ru_/,ko #bjih_/db1 #bb ,septemb] #aidb ,milit>y ,secret ,re3 ,report 8,exp]im5ts on ,rescue f ,high ,altitudes0 h&writt5 to files ,b initial ,enclos$ we submit copies ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d ( ! report 8,exp]im5ts on ,rescue f ,high ,altitudes0 = y\r files4 ,g]man ,aviation ,rese>* ,in/itute p] procura ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,romb]g ,l4 ,,ruff h&writt5 ,report-#c-receiv$ #b ,novemb] ,sign$ ,,siev]s1 ,,ss ,ob]fuehr] #c enclosures ,p]sonal ,/aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss #bi ,septemb] #aidb ,di>y ,no4 #acdh_/db ,to ,,rf h&writt5 #aidc ,top ,secret /amp ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,rescue ,,f ,,high ,,altitudes4#bd ,ab/ract3 ,a report is to be made on exp]im5ts 9 :i* ! possibility ( rescue f high altitudes 9 ! l[-pressure *amb] is /udi$4 ,exp]im5ts 7 made at p>a*ute s9k+ spe$s up to #ae km4 #di1bjj ft4 )\t oxyg51 & up to #ah km4 #ei1ajj ft4 ) oxyg5 brea?+1 z well z fall+ exp]im5ts spe$s up to #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft4 altitude ) & )\t oxyg54 ,! results ) practical significance w be discuss$ bel[4 ,organization3 ,i4 ,introduction & /atem5t ( ! problem4 ,,ii4 ,proc$ure ( ! exp]im5t4 ,,iii4 ,results ( ! exp]im5t4 #a4 ,desc5d+ exp]im5ts )\t ,o#b brea?+4 #b4 ,desc5d+ exp]im5ts ) ,o#b brea?+4 #c4 ,fall+ exp]im5ts )\t ,o#b brea?+4 #d4 ,fall+ exp]im5ts ) ,o#b brea?+4 ,,iv4 ,discussion ( ! results4 ,v4 ,conclusions f ! results4 ,,vi4 ,summ>y4 ,bibliography4 ,! report includes #bh pages ) #c figures & #f tables4 ,g]man ,aviation ,rese>* ,in/itute ,= ! ,in/itute sign$3 ,l4 ,,ruff ,! ,au?ors3 ,draft copy sign$ by ,,dr4 ,,ras*] ,/abs>zt d] ,lw4 sign$ ,,dr4 ,,romb]g4 ,b]l91 ,adl]%(1 #bh ,july #aidb4 ,rf #dja_/bj page #b ( orig9al ,i4 ,introduction & ,/atem5t ( ! ,problem ,x is !oretically possible = man to rea* z high altitude z he may wi% 9 an aircraft ) a pressure cab94 ,h[ev]1 ! "q mu/ be settl$ z to :at results or effects ! de/ruction ( ! pressure cab9 w h ^u ! human be+1 :o 9 su* cases is expos$ 9 a few seconds to ! l[ air pressure & !reby to ! lack ( oxyg51 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( high altitude4 ,( p>ticul> practical int]e/ is ! "q f :at altitudes & by :at means ! safe/ rescue ( ! crew c be made4 ,9 ! "w at h&1 a report is pres5t$ on exp]im5ts 9 :i* ! v>i\s possibilities ( rescue 7 /udi$ "u special exp]im5tal conditions4 ,s9ce ! urg5cy ( ! solution ( ! problem 0 evid5t1 x 0 necess>y1 especially "u ! giv5 conditions ( ! exp]im5t1 to =ego = ! "t be+ ! ?or\gh cle>+ up ( purely sci5tific que/ions4 ,,ii4 ,proc$ure ( ! ,exp]im5t ,! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ on 9 a portable l[-pressure *amb] ) equipm5t = explosive decompression4 ,! p]=mance ( ?is app>atus limit$ ! highe/ altitude atta9able to ab\t #ba1jjj met]s #fh1ijj feet4 ,9 ?is exp]im5tal s]ies1 :i* 0 to cl>ify ! possibilities ( rescue f high altitudes1 ! exp]im5ts1 simulat+ actual conditions1 7 c>ri$ out 9 su* a way t rescue ) p>a*ute unfold$ 7designat$ z desc5d+ exp]im5ts7 & ) p>a*ute fold$ 7designat$ z fall+ exp]im5ts7 7 /udi$ sometimes ) & sometimes )\t oxyg5 brea?+4 ,s9ce ! altitude or po/ure ( ! body is ( ess5tial significance = ! dem&s made by ! lack ( ,o#b on ! circulation1 ! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 sitt+ & prone positions2 &1 9 desc5d+ exp]im5ts1 9 a susp5d$ page #c ( orig9al position 9 a p>a*ute h>ness correspond+ to ! actual position4 ,= purposes ( demon/ration c]ta9 ( ! exp]im5ts 7 record$ on film4 ,electroc>diograms 7 made ( sev]al exp]im5ts 9 ! exp]im5tal s]ies4 ,oxyg5 0 brea!d out ( ! cu/om>y l[-pressure app>atus ) cont9u\s fl[ at altitudes ov] #aj km4 #cb1hjj ft44 ,! foll[+ exp]im5tal sequ5ce 0 *os53 #a4 ,desc5d+ exp]im5ts )\t ,o#b brea?+4 #b4 ,desc5d+ exp]im5ts ) ,o#b brea?+4 #c4 ,fall+ exp]im5ts )\t ,o#b brea?+4 #d4 ,fall+ exp]im5ts ) ,o#b brea?+4 ,! s9k+ & fall+ times :i* 7 us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts are tabulat$ 9 figures #a & #b4 ,figure #b n reproduc$4 ,,iii4 ,results ( ! ,exp]im5ts #a4 ,s9k+ exp]im5ts )\t oxyg5 brea?+ ,s9ce a ?or\ghly dep5dable p>a*ute oxyg5 app>atus is n yet g5]ally available1 exp]im5tal te/s 7 made to det]m9e f :at altitudes a rescue ) op5 p>a*ute )\t oxyg5 is possible4 ,!re=e1 s9k+ exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 :i* ! mask 0 tak5 (f aft] asc5t ) ,o#b 7= spe$ ( asc5t ( ! *amb] see fig4 #a71 &1 aft] a wait+ p]iod ( #aj seconds ! s9k+ 0 begun4 ,9 ! exp]im5t no altitude sickness occurr$ at #i km4 #bi1ejj ft4 z 0 expect$4 ,9 ! s9k+ exp]im5ts1 f #aj km4 #cb1hjj ft4 altitude1 typical altitude sickness occurr$ aft] ab\t #b m9utes1 i4 e41 at an altitude ( ab\t #h4f km4 #bh1bjj ft41 :i* 0 indicat$ by a v pron\nc$ scrawl+ 9 ! writ+ te/4 ,h[ev]1 no loss ( consci\sness occurr$4 7,kloos' writ+ te/47 page #g ( orig9al ,! exp]im5ts f #ab to #ae km4 altitude 7 made p>tly dur+ susp5sion 9 a p>a*ute h>ness1 p>tly 9 a sitt+ position1 & p>tly 9 a prone position4 ,^! exp]im5ts %[ t ! body attitude has a v ess5tial influ5ce on ! tol]ance = a high degree ( lack ( oxyg54 ,s9ce1 besides ?is1 e bodily ex]tion is ( great importance1 9 "o portion ( ! exp]im5ts six knee b5ds 7 made by ! subject dur+ ! wait+ p]iod be=e beg9n+ ! desc5t4 ,^! six knee b5ds consi/$ ( ?ree knee b5ds :ile brea?+ oxyg5 foll[$ by deep inhal+ & hold+ ( ! brea?1 & !n ?ree m knee b5ds )\t oxyg5 brea?+4 ,?is proc$ure 0 *os5 9 ord] n to neglect ! bodily "w involv$ 9 an actual p>a*ute jump4 ,! desc5d+ exp]im5ts f #ab km4 #ci1djj ft4 altitude yield$ ! foll[+ av]age times3 ,table #a ,desc5d+ exp]im5t ,unconsci\sness ,recov]y ( consci\sness f #ab km4 #ci1djj ft4 aft]-- aft]-- ,sitt+ )\t knee b5ds #aci #aj4he km4 #fch #g4de km4 #ce1fjj ft44 #bd1ddj ft44 ,sitt+ aft] #f knee b5ds #ee #aa4d km4 #fee #g4be km4 #cg1djj ft44 #bc1ghf ft44 ,susp5d$ 9 p>a*ute #cg #aa4fe km4 #gdj #f4gg km4 h>ness #ch1bbj ft44 #bb1bab ft44 ,x is to be not$ 9 connection ) ! /at$ "t & altitude values t ! beg9n+ ( unconsci\sness1 or ( ! recov]y1 0 calculat$ f ! )drawal ( oxyg51 :ile 9 mo/ exp]im5ts ! s9k+ or free fall 0 begun at ! expiration ( ! #aj-second wait+ p]iod4 ,s9ce 9 addition to ?is ! /ages ( altitude 7 read (f at ! mom5t ( unconsci\sness1 small v>iations f ! times giv5 9 figs4 #b & #c n reproduc$ are possible page #h ( orig9al s9ce1 especially 9 ! fall+ exp]im5ts1 v>iations occurr$ because ( ! some:at crude valve control4 ,^! v>iations1 h[ev]1 are small & may be ov]look$ s9ce 9 any case ! fall & s9k+ "t "u practical conditions are dep5d5t on ! fly+ attitude at ! mom5t ( ! leap f ! catapult seat4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! calculat$ fall & s9k+ "t are influ5c$ to a high degree "u actual conditions by weight & air resi/ance4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 m9d 9 reg>d to ! exp]im5ts conduct$ 9 ! sitt+ position t ! subjects fell ov] at ! beg9n+ ( unconsci\sness & s pass$ ! critical "t ( greate/ load on ! circulatory sy/em 9 a prone position1 :ile ^? susp5d$ 9 ! p>a*ute h>ness rema9$ ?r\gh\t ! exp]im5t 9 a v]tical position1 ! mo/ unfavorable position = load+ ! circulatory sy/em4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a4 ,spe$ ( asc5t 9 ! portable l[-pressure *amb]4 ,9 ! writ+ te/ %[n above n reproduc$ ! occurr5ce ( altitude sickness 9 a s9k+ exp]im5t = #ab km4 #ci1djj ft4 altitude is %[n 9 ?is mann]3 ,= example1 aft] #a m9ute & #bj seconds at #aa km4 #cf1ajj ft4 altitude1 ! writ+ is int]rupt$ because ( sudd5 altitude sickness ) unconsci\sness1 & is resum$ aft] #d m9utes at an altitude ( #h4h km4 #bh1hgj ft41 ) errone\s writ+4 ,at #h4c km4 #bg1bcj ft4 altitude ! writ+ becomes free ( errors4 ,?is is wor?y ( special att5tion because 9 ?is case a p]son has fully recov]$ m5tally at an altitude ( #h4c km4 #bg1bcj ft41 aft] #c m9utes ( ! mo/ sev]e lack ( oxyg51 :ile 9 altitude endurance exp]im5ts at ?is altitude sev]e altitude sickness sets 9 aft] ab\t #c m9utes4 ,"h we are deal+ ) a process :i* 9 any case is v favorable b :i* is n yet entirely cle> & :i* 0 already obs]v$ 9 e>li] exp]im5ts ( p>a*ute jumps f great altitudes4 ,/ill1 x appe>s f ?is t a r long oxyg5 lack at altitudes up to #ac km4 does n pres5t any great /ra9 9 page #ab ( orig9al ! s5se ( us+ ! la/ res]ves1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! human organism seems to react to ?is load+ ) a c]ta9 increase 9 resi/ance to altitude4 ,9 desc5d+ exp]im5ts f #ac km4 #db1gjj ft4 altitude ! wait+ "t ( #aj seconds 0 reta9$1 b on ! o!r h& ex]tion 9 ! =m ( knee b5ds 0 omitt$ s9ce te*nical difficulties int]f]$ ) ?is proc$ure4 ,! exp]im5ts involv+ susp5sion c\ld be done only 9 ! l>ge l[-pressure *amb]1 s9ce susp5sion 0 impossible 9 ! small l[-pressure *amb] = reasons ( space4 ,!re=e1 ! asc5t to #ac km4 #db1gjj ft4 altitude 0 c>ri$ out sl[ly 9 ! ma9 *amb] 7)\t explosive decompression7 s t :5 #ac km4 #db1gjj ft4 0 rea*$ a c]ta9 oxyg5 lack exi/$4 ,) ?is oxyg5 lack ! knee b5ds w\ld h pres5t$ a great burd5 :i* w\ld h falsifi$ too greatly ! results ( ! exp]im5t4 ,! same conditions 7 also giv5 9 fur!r exp]im5ts at high] altitudes 9 ! ma9 *amb]4 ,= ?is reason1 ! #ac km4 #db1gjj ft4 desc5d+ exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out p>tly 9 ! sitt+ position1 p>tly 9 ! sitt+ position /rapp$ 91 & p>tly susp5d$4 ,!y yield$ ! foll[+ av]age data3 ,table #b ,desc5d+ exp]im5t ,unconsci\sness ,recov]y ( consci\sness f #ac km4 #db1gjj ft4 aft]-- aft]-- ,seat$ 7ly+ dur+ #ej #ab4d km4 #h #ab #g4b km4 unconsci\sness7 #dj1fgb ft44 #bc1fbj ft44 ,seat$ /rapp$ 9 #ce #ab4f km4 #aj #cj #e4he km4 #da1cdj ft44 #ai1aij ft44 ,susp5d$ #bj #ab4h km4 #ai #a4f km4 #da1ihj ft44 #e1bej ft44 page #ac ( orig9al ,s9ce 9 unfavorable cases 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 namely :ile susp5d$1 recov]y ( consci\sness did n occur until #a4f km4 #e1bej ft4 altitude1 x _h to be conclud$ t 9 jumps f altitudes ov] #ac km4 #db1gjj ft41 recov]y ( consci\sness w\ld foll[ only aft] #j km41 :i* w\ld mean t 9 an actual situation ! l&+ w\ld be made 9 an unconsci\s condition4 ,?is rais$ ! "q ( a safe means ( rescue4 ,desc5d+ exp]im5ts 7 made 9 l>g] numb]s f #ae km4 altitude1 s9ce x became evid5t t at ?is altitude ! approximate limits = :at 0 possible 9 em]g5cies _h already be5 rea*$ or ess5tially surpass$4 ,aft] an asc5t made z rapidly z possible1 us+ oxyg5 app>atus ) free fl[1 ! mask 0 remov$ imm$iately ^u atta9+ #ae km4 #di1bjj ft4 altitude & ! desc5t 0 begun4 ,s9ce ! results ( ^! desc5d+ exp]im5ts 7 v typical & especially impressive x is necess>y to pres5t "o ( ^! exp]im5ts 9 detail4 ,! record ( an exp]im5t is repres5t$ z foll[s3 #ae km4 #di1bjj ft4 ,lets ! mask fall1 sev]e altitude sickness1 clonic convulsions4 #ad4e km4 #dg1efj ft4 #cj sec4 ,opi/hotonus4 #ad4c km4 #df1ijj ft4 #de sec4 ,arms /ret*$ /iffly =w>d2 sits up l a dog 78,pfoet*5/ellung071 legs spread /iffly ap>t4 #ac4g km4 #dd1iej ft4 #a m94 #bj sec4 ,susp5d$ 9 opi/hotonus4 #ac4b km4 #dc1caj ft4 #a m94 #ej sec4 ,agonal convulsive brea?+4 #ab4b km4 #dj1jcj ft4 #c m94 ,dyspnea1 hangs limp4 #g4b km4 #bc1fbj ft4 #aj m94 ,uncoord9at$ movem5ts ) ! extremities4 #f km4 #ai1fij ft4 #ab m94 ,clonic convulsions1 groan+4 #e4e km4 #ah1jdj ft4 #ac m94 ,yells l\dly4 page #ad ( orig9al #b4i km4 #i1ebj ft4 #ah m94 ,/ill yell+1 convulses arms & legs1 head s9ks =w>d4 #b-j km4 #f1efj-j ft4 #bj-bd4e m94 ,yells spasmodically1 grimaces1 bites 8 tongue4 #j km4 ,does n respond to spee*1 gives ! impression ( someone :o is completely out ( 8 m9d4 #e m94 7aft] rea*+ gr\nd ,reacts = ! fir/ "t to vocal level74 /imulation4 #g m94 ,attempts ^u comm& to arise1 says 9 /]eotyp$ mann]3 8,no1 please04 #i m94 ,/&s up on comm&2 sev]e ataxia2 answ]s to all que/ions3 8,j a m9ute04 ,tries spasmodically to recall 8 bir? date4 #aj m94 ,typical /]eotypes ( attitude & movem5t 7catatonia72 mumbles numb] to himself4 #aa m94 ,holds 8 head turn$ convulsively to ! "r2 tries repeat$ly to answ] ! fir/ "q conc]n+ 8 bir? date4 #ab m94 ,que/ions ( ! subject3 8,may ,i slice some?+80 7,note3 ,9 civilian "w he 0 a delicatess5 cl]k47 8,may ,i pant1 w x be all "r if ,i inhale80 ,brea!s deeply1 !n says1 8,all "r1 ?ank y v mu*40 #ae m94 ,on be+ ord]$ to walk1 /eps =w>d & says3 8,all "r1 ?ank y v mu*04 #ag m94 ,gives 8 "n2 says he 0 born 9 #aibh 7born #a ,novemb] #aijh74 ,exp]im5t] asks3 8,:]e80 8,some?+ #aibh0 8,pr(ession80 8#bh--aibh04 #ah m94 8,may ,i inhale80 8,yes40 8,i am cont5t ) t40 #be m94 ,/ill ! "q cont9ues3 8,pant80 #bh m94 ,sees no?+2 runs aga9/ op5 w9d[ sa% ^u :i* ! sun is %9+1 s t l>ge lump is =m$ on 8 =ehead2 says3 8,excuse me please40 ,no expression ( pa94 page #ae ( orig9al #cj m94 ,kn[s 8 "n & place ( bir?4 ,^u be+ ask$ = ! day's date3 8#a ,novemb] #aibh04 ,%iv]+ ( ! legs2 /upor cont9ues2 _c be fright5$ by ! report ( a %ot4 ,d>k objects are /ill n disc]n$2 subject bumps aga9/ !m4 ,is aw>e ( bright light2 kn[s 8 pr(ession2 spacially disori5t$4 #cg m94 ,reacts to pa9 /imuli4 #dj m94 ,beg9s to obs]ve diff]5ces4 ,falls cont9ually into 8 previ\s spee* /]eotypes4 #ej m94 ,spacially ori5t$4 #ge m94 ,/ill disori5t$ 9 "t2 retrogressive amnesia ov] #c days4 #bd h\rs ,normal condition aga9 atta9$2 has no recollection ( ! exp]im5t itself4 ,! ev5ts ( ! desc5d+ exp]im5ts f #ae km41 z %[n "h ?r\gh ?is example1 repeat$ !mselves 9 a simil> way 9 all ! re/ ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,! av]age data f #bj exp]im5ts ) #ae diff]5t subjects are z foll[s3 ,table #c ,cle> #ae km4 ,unconsci\sness ,subconsci\s awak5+ consci\sness #dg1bjj ft4 aft]-- movem5ts at #j km4 ,susp5d$ #af #ad4g km4 #bj #a4h km4 #dh1bbj ft44 #e1iaj ft44 #ah-ij ,ly+ #bj #ad4f km4 #ad #e km4 #ae-hj #dg1hij ft44 #af1djj ft4 ,unconsci\sness aft] discont9uation ( oxyg5 occurs foll[+ a %ort motor re/lessness ) sev]e altitude sickness1 :]eupon light spasmodic & !n v sev]e tonic convulsions foll[ 9 a condition ( complete unconsci\sness4 ,^! tonic convulsions la/+ virtually a m9ute are foll[$ r sudd5ly by a phase ( complete page #af ( orig9al flacidity ) a drop 9 brea?+ rate & transition to convulsive brea?+ ) #c to #d brea?s p] m9ute until complete cessation ( brea?+ ( #de seconds duration 7po/-hypoxemic pseudo-dea?--,lutz74 ,!n foll[s a p]iod ( improvem5t 9 brea?+1 until ! fir/ subconsci\sness movem5ts ann\nce ! gradual recov]y ( consci\sness1 dur+ :i*1 nev]!less1 ! high] m5tal functions are tempor>ily entirely abs5t4 ,fur!r recov]y proce$s sl[ly dur+ ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ to #a h\rs z may be se5 f ! above case record4 ,dur+ ! "t ( complete unconsci\sness1 !re 0 defecation & ur9ation 9 ! case ( mo/ subjects1 increas$ salivation &1 9 "s cases1 vomit+4 ,"h we obvi\sly h ! conditions :i* ,lutz & ,w5dt 9 _! animal exp]im5tation :i* is ref]r$ to 9 great] detail lat] f\nd 9 fall+ exp]im5tation ) ,o#b brea?+ & designat$ z 8po/-hypoxemic twilight /ate0 78,po/hypoxaemis*5 ,daemm]zu/&07 s9ce we are deal+ ) a sl[ recov]y ( consci\sness1 especially also 9 view ( ! m5tal behavior ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,! po/ hypoxemic pseudo-dea? obs]v$ by ,w5dt & ,lutz 0 n f\nd 9 any exp]im5ts 9 ! =m :i* !y _h obs]v$4 ,! sev]e condition describ$ above we c\ld designate z hypoxemic pseudo-dea? only because x 0 limit$ to ! p]iod ( ! mo/ sev]e ,o#b lack 7on ! av]age1 betwe5 #ac4c & #ab4c km474 ,9 spite ( ! relatively l>ge numb] ( exp]im5ts1 ! actual cause ( ! sev]e m5tal di/urbances & bodily failures 7p>alysis1 bl9dness1 etc47 att5dant ^u po/-hypoxemic twilight /ate rema9s some?+ ( a riddle4 ,x appe>$ (t5 z ?\gh ! ph5om5a ( pressure drop sickness _h comb9$ ) ! results ( sev]e oxyg5 lack4 ,9 ?is connection1 ! subjective acc\nts made by ! au?ors 9 two exp]im5ts ea* 7 int]e/+4 ,9 ! case ( ,ro4 dur+ a half h\r /ay at #ab km4 #ci1djj ft4 ) oxyg51 page #ag ( orig9al only ! usual pa9s att5dant ) b5ds occurr$4 ,9 a fur!r exp]im5t ) a /ay ( #dj m9utes duration at an altitude ( betwe5 #ac #db1fej ft4 & #ac4e km4 #dd1bij ft4 !re develop$ v gradually a condition ( weakness1 comb9$ ) a peculi> heada*e1 :i* !n l$ to a consid]able slack5+ ( /r5g? 9 ! arms & h&s4 ,z a result ( ?is1 ,ro4 c\ld no long] hold ! brea?+ m\?piece 7= special reasons 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 ,ro4 _h to brea! ) a m\?piece & nose clamp7 s t x slid out ( 8 m\?4 ,all ^! ph5om5a 7 /ill cle>ly obs]v$ by ,ro4 ,ra4 return$ ! m\?piece to ,ro4 ,h[ev] at ?is po9t ,ro4 fail$ r sudd5ly ) pal5ess1 /rong cyanosis ( ! lips & complete unconsci\sness4 ,aft] ,ro4 _h rega9$ cle> consci\sness ?r\gh desc5t & suffici5t ,o#b brea?+1 he det]m9$ ! exi/5ce 9 himself ( a complete p>alysis ( ! legs1 weakness ( ! arms & sev]e di/urbances ( vision4 ,^! s]i\s di/urbances develop$ al?\gh ! "t ( oxyg5 lack & unconsci\sness _h la/$ only ab\t #e seconds4 ,foll[+ desc5t soon aft] ?is to #j km41 ! p>alysis ( ! legs cont9u$ = ab\t #e m9utes m & ! v sev]e visual di/urbances only cle>$ up aft] #b h\rs4 ,:ile ?is episode ( ,ro4's occurr$ 9 an exp]im5t at a special altitude1 ! di/urbances occurr$ 9 ,ra4 at an altitude ( betwe5 #ab #ci1djj ft4 & #ac km4 #db1gjj ft4 :ile he 0 brea?+ suffici5t oxyg5 ) a mask & cont9u\s fl[ into ! circuit4 ,aft] #aj m9utes /ay at ?is altitude1 pa9s began on ! "r side ) a spa/ic p>alytic condition ( ! "r leg :i* increas$ cont9ually z ?\gh ,ra4's :ole "r side 7 be+ cru%$ betwe5 two presses4 ,at ! same "t !re 7 mo/ sev]e heada*es z ?\gh ! skull 7 be+ bur/ ap>t4 ,! pa9s became cont9ually m sev]e s t at la/ ! discont9uation ( ! exp]im5t became necess>y4 ,! pa9s disappe>$ :5 gr\nd level 0 rea*$ :ile ! di/urbances ( ! "r leg cont9u$ ab\t #e m9utes m4 ,%ortly be=e ! page #ah ( orig9al second exp]im5t1 ,ra4 took two tablets ( 8,ant9euralgica0 7a coal t> d]ivative7 & two tablets ( p]vit94 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts !re occurr$ only light pa9s 9 ! "r arm & leg1 mod]ate heada*es1 b a v sev]e uncontrollable urge to c\gh1 actually less sev]e difficulties ?an 9 ! =ego+ exp]im5t1 al?\gh ?is "o 0 made at #a1jjj m4 #c1bhj ft4 high]4 ,ro4 exp]i5c$ di/urbances :i* 9 quality resembl$ ! sev]e di/urbances 9 ! #ae km4 #di1bjj ft4 s9k+ exp]im5t1 al?\gh ! degree ( oxyg5 lack 9 ?is exp]im5t 0 negligible 9 comp>ison to ! #ae km4 #di1bjj ft4 exp]im5t1 s t ! idea ( a comb9ation ( pressure drop ph5om5a ) ! ph5om5a ( oxyg5 lack is def9itely sugge/$4 #b4 ,desc5d+ exp]im5ts ) ,o#b brea?+ ,s9ce obvi\sly ! utmo/ limits ( ^! exp]im5ts _h be5 rea*$ ) ! desc5d+ exp]im5ts f #ae km4 #di1bjj ft4 )\t oxyg5 brea?+1 desc5d+ exp]im5ts ) oxyg5 brea?+ 7 conduct$ f great] heights4 ,9 ! exp]im5ts1 ! foll[+ exp]im5tal proc$ure 0 *os53 asc5t to #h km4 #bf1cjj ft41 rema9+ !re #e to #aj m9utes ) oxyg5 brea?+2 !n turn+ on ! oxyg5 bl[] explosive decompression to a pr$et]m9$ altitude2 #aj seconds wait+ "t 7exp]im5ts f #ag #ee1hjj ft4 & #ah km4 #ei1ajj ft41 altitude )\t wait+ "t7 & desc5t at s9k+ spe$4 ,9 ord] to imitate ! p]p5dicul> body position z occurs 9 susp5sion 9 a p>a*ute h>ness1 ! exp]im5tal subjects _h to /& dur+ ! exp]im5ts s9ce susp5sion 0 n possible 9 ! small decompression *amb]4 ,9 ! desc5d+ exp]im5ts f #ae km4 #di1bjj ft4 altitude !re 0 no altitude sickness or only a slight tempor>y k9d4 ,9 ! fur!r desc5d+ exp]im5ts1 ! foll[+ results 7 obta9$ 7,table #d73 page #ai ( orig9al ,table #d4--;,desc5d+ exp]im5ts ) oxyg5 brea?+ ,unconsci\sness ,f-- ,recov]y ( aft]-- consci\sness aft]-- #bc sec4 #ae4ge km4 #af km4 #eb1ejj ft4 #b m94 #ce sec4 #ac4ee km4 #ea1ffj ft4 #dd1dfj ft4 #aj sec4 #af4h km4 #ag km4 #ee1hjj ft4 #c m94 #ej sec4 #ac km4 #ee1abj ft4 #db1gjj ft4 #g sec4 #ag4i km4 #ah km4 #ei1ajj ft4 #aj m94 #ce sec4 #h4e km4 #eh1gdj ft4 #bg1hij ft4 ,?us x 0 %[n t unconsci\sness develop$ relatively e>ly 9 spite ( oxyg5 brea?+1 :ile ! foll[+ convulsive /age ran its c\rse 9 a mu* less sev]e =m ?an 9 ! exp]im5ts )\t oxyg5 brea?+4 ,prim>ily spasmodic convulsions ) only occasionally light tonic convulsions develop$4 ,brea?+ p>alysis nev] set 9 & ^u recov]y ( consci\sness ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 aga9 completely 9 control ( !mselves4 ,! m>k$ly quick developm5t ( unconsci\sness 0 caus$ by ! fact t ! subjects 7 /&+ dur+ ! exp]im5ts 7to be consid]$ 9 comp>ison ) ! correspond+ times 9 ! fall+ exp]im5ts ) oxyg5 brea?+74 ,desc5d+ exp]im5ts f /ill great] altitudes 7 n und]tak51 s9ce 9 practice !re is no ne$ to escape f su* altitudes ) op5 p>a*ute & ?us to expose oneself to ! dang] ( sev]e freez+4 #c4 ,fall+ exp]im5ts )\t oxyg5 ,s9ce ! results ( fall+ exp]im5ts f #ab km4 altitude 7 kn[n f e>li] exp]im5tation & inde$ desc5d+ exp]im5ts up to #ae km4 #di1bjj ft4 )\t oxyg5 _h be5 conduct$ )9 ! scope ( ?is "w1 fall+ exp]im5ts 7 begun at an altitude ( #ad km4 #de1ijj ft41 9 ord] n to increase unnecess>ily ! numb] ( exp]im5ts4 page #bj ( orig9al ,! asc5t prec$$ by explosive decompression f #h to #ad & #ae km4 altitude1 9 :i* ! asc5t to #h km4 0 made ) oxyg5 & ! explosive decompression ) cont9u\s fl[1 foll[$ aft] #e to #aj m9utes wait+ "t4 ,aft] ! removal ( ! oxyg5 mask directly 9 connection ) ! explosive decompression1 five knee b5ds 7 made dur+ ! wait+ p]iod ( #aj seconds1 !n desc5t at free fall spe$4 ,dur+ ! explosive decompression ! oxyg5 supply 0 int]rupt$ f ! outside4 ,! results ( ^! exp]im5ts 7 7,table #e73 ,table #e4--;,fall+ exp]im5ts )\t ,o#b brea?+ ,unconsci\sness ,f-- ,recov]y ( consci\sness aft]-- aft]-- #cj sec4 #ac4b km4 #ad km4 #fe sec4 #i4g km4 #dc1caj ft4 #de1ijj ft4 #ca1hcj ft4 #bh sec4 #ad4c km4 #ae km4 #if sec4 #g4f km4 #df1ijj ft4 #di1bjj ft4 #bd1idj ft4 ,! fur!r exp]im5ts up to #bj km4 #fe1fjj ft4 altitude 7 made ) ! same proc$ure z ^? up to #ae km4 #di1bjj ft41 al?\gh )\t knee b5ds dur+ ! wait+ p]iod ( #aj seconds1 s9ce unconsci\sness w\ld h occurr$ too soon z a result ( ! knee b5ds & ! exp]im5t]s _h become conv9c$ t rescue f ^! altitudes w\ld h to be br\ght ab\t by ab&onm5t ( ! aircraft )\t bodily ex]tion 7catapult seat74 7,table #e--;,cont9u$7 ,unconsci\sness ,f-- ,recov]y ( consci\sness aft]-- aft]-- #cb sec4 #ad4g km4 #af km4 #aah sec4 #f4f km4 #dh1bbj ft4 #eb1ejj ft4 #ba1fej ft4 #bg sec4 #ae4i km4 #ag km4 #abf sec4 #f4c km4 #eb1aej ft4 #ee1hjj ft4 #bj1ffj ft4 page #ba ( orig9al ,unconsci\sness ,f-- ,recov]y ( consci\sness aft]-- aft]-- #bc sec4 #ag km4 #ah km4 #aef sec4 #d4f km4 #ee1hjj ft4 #ei1ajj ft4 #ae1jij ft4 #bj sec4 #ah4e km4 #ai km4 #agc sec4 #c4g km4 #fj1gjj ft4 #fb1cjj ft4 #ab1adj ft4 #ag sec4 #ai4ge km4 #bj km4 #agh sec4 #c4b km4 #fa1ebj ft4 #fe1fjj ft4 #aj1ejj ft4 #ae sec4 #bj4hge km4 #ba km4 #a m941 #aj sec4 aft] #fh1dij ft4 #fh1ijj ft4 rea*+ #j m4 ,f #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft4 altitude only "o exp]im5t 0 made 9 ?is s]ies1 j z 9 ! fall+ exp]im5ts1 ) oxyg5 brea?+ s9ce ! pumps a*iev$ ! evacuation ( ! ma9 *amb] necess>y = a pressure drop to #ba km4 altitude only aft] h\rs ( ov]load+ & ! fact t ! m]cury b>omet] us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts _h its limit ( measurem5t at ?is altitude4 ,! two exp]im5ts 7 consid]$ only z an ori5tation on ! behavior ( ! human organism at ?is altitude at :i* ! ebullition po9t ( ! blood _h already be5 f> surpass$4 ,a sy/ematic work+ ov] ( ^! altitudes mu/ be c>ri$ on ) p]fect$ measur+ in/rum5ts & a two-/age pump aggregate 9 a new exp]im5tal s]ies4 ,! result ( ?is fall+ exp]im5t f #ba km4 altitude 0 made unreliable ?r\gh ! fact t ! subject exp]i5c$ a p>alysis ( brea?+ f #aa to #g km41 ?r\gh :i* 8 recov]y 0 d\btless greatly delay$4 ,h[ev]1 no p]man5t damage occurr$4 #d4 ,fall+ exp]im5ts ) oxyg5 brea?+ ,fall+ exp]im5ts ) oxyg5 brea?+ 7 und]tak5 only 9 small numb]s = crude ori5tation = ! foll[+ reasons3 ,! altitude page #bb ( orig9al 0 limit$ by ! available equipm5t to a maximum ( #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft41 b inde$ f ?is altitude fall+ exp]im5ts )\t oxyg5 brea?+ _h already be5 pr(itably c>ri$ out4 ,x is self-evid5t t oxyg5 brea?+ dur+ p>a*ute jumps f su* extreme altitudes greatly increases 9 any case ! *ances ( success ( ! jump &1 !re=e1 is to be unconditionally dem&$4 ,= t reason x devolv$ ^u ! exp]im5t]s only to det]m9e to :at degree ! results ( ! exp]im5ts are influ5c$ by oxyg5 brea?+1 especially 9 reg>d to ! recov]y ( consci\sness1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 foll[$ )\t oxyg5 only at relatively l[ altitudes4 ,z 0 to be expect$1 ^! exp]im5ts %[$ cle>ly ! favorable effect ( oxyg5 brea?+4 7,table #f73 ,table #f4--;,fall+ exp]im5ts ) oxyg5 brea?+ ,unconsci\sness ,f-- ,recov]y ( consci\sness aft]-- aft]-- #ba sec4 #ai4e km4 #bj km4 #hg sec4 #aj4ee km4 #fc1ihj ft4 #fe1fjj ft4 #cd1fbj ft4 #ae sec4 #bj4hge km4 #ba km4 #fj sec4 #ab4i km4 #fh1dij ft4 #fh1ijj ft4 #db1cbj ft4 ,! a/oni%+ value ( #fj seconds #ab4i km4 #db1cbj ft4 = ! recov]y ( consci\sness 9 ! #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft4 exp]im5t is expla9$ on ! basis t ?is value 0 obta9$ f a s+le exp]im5t ) "o subject1 :o _h %[n himself 9 num]\s o!r exp]im5ts to be especially resi/ant to altitude4 ,on ! o!r h& ! #bj km4 #fe1fjj ft4 values are ! av]age ( a s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,,iv4 ,discussion ( ! ,results ,! desc5d+ exp]im5ts )\t oxyg5 %[ t ! limit = a safe escape ) an op5 p>a*ute lies approximately at a jump+ altitude ( #ac km4 #db1gjj ft41 s9ce 9 a jump f #ac km4 #db1gjj ft4 recov]y ( consci\sness occurr$ only at an altitude ( #a4f km4 #e1bej ft41 & s "o mu/ already consid] ! possibilities ( l&+ 9 an unconsci\s condition ) all ! att5dant dang]s4 ,?is /ill does n take into acc\nt ! heavy dem&s made on ! body by ! cold & ! consequ5t risk4 ,! great effect ( ! body position dur+ ! exp]im5t makes x obvi\s h[ sev]e is ! effect ( e additional dem&4 ,:ile1 = example1 9 ! #ac km4 #db1gjj ft41 exp]im5t ^u a seat$ subject1 recov]y ( consci\sness took place aft] #h m9utes #ab seconds at an altitude ( #g4b km4 #bc1fbj ft41 ! susp5d$ subjects recov]$ consci\sness only aft] #ai m9utes at #a4f km4 #e1bej ft4 altitude4 ,correspond+ly also1 unconsci\sness occurr$ 9 ! susp5d$ subjects mu* m rapidly ?an 9 ^? :o 7 seat$4 ,! same obs]vation 0 made 9 ! #ae km4 #di1bjj ft4 exp]im5ts1 & inde$ ^? :o w5t ?r\gh ! exp]im5t ly+ d[n c\ld already /ate "n & bir? date imm$iately ^u rea*+ gr\nd level al?\gh !y 7 p>alyz$1 :ile ^? :o _h be5 susp5d$ did n respond at all to spee* )9 ?is "t4 ,except = "o m5tally v sluggi% subject1 ! return ( normal condition occurr$ mu* e>li] to ^? :o 7 ly+ d[n1 namely )9 #ae m9utes4 ,! desc5d+ exp]im5ts ext5d$ to #ah km4 #ei1ajj ft4 altitude ) oxyg5 brea?+ %[$ t1 except = ! dang] ( cold1 escape ) an op5 p>a*ute is possible f ^! altitudes ev5 ?\gh1 practically1 no ne$ exi/s = x4 ,be=e we g into a discussion on ! fall+ exp]im5ts x seems ess5tial = u to cite ! "w ( ,lutz & ,w5dt on 8,animal ,exp]im5ts on ,p>a*ute ,jump+ f ,high-,pressure ,cab9s40 ,un=tunately ?is "w 0 n available to u dur+ ^! exp]im5ts s t we c\ld n build ^u ! valuable results conta9$ 9 x & d]iv$ f num]\s animal exp]im5ts1 or ^u ! exp]i5ce ( ! au?ors4 ,al?\gh bo? au?ors approa* ) necess>y scepticism ! problem ( 8rea*+ decisions ?r\gh animal exp]im5tation ^u que/ions 9 page #bd ( orig9al :i*1 9 ! f9al analysis1 ! behavior ( ! human be+ 9 id5tical situations is ( exclusive int]e/10 !y c\ld1 & _h to dep5d ^u ! previ\sly prov$ exp]i5ce t no fundam5tal qualitative diff]5ces 9 ! mann] ( reaction to oxyg5 lack is to be expect$ betwe5 animals & human be+s al?\gh !re are consid]able quantitative diff]5ces :i*1 9 ?is case1 mean temporal diff]5ces4 ,h[ev]1 ! results ( our exp]im5ts %[ t to "s ext5t quantitative z well z qualitative diff]5ces are pres5t to ! ext5t t ! above animal exp]im5ts mu/ lead to great fallacies :i* are significant to future developm5ts4 ,?is appe>s especially 9 a comp>ison ( results obta9$ ) animals ) ! collective results ( human exp]im5tation ^u escape f high altitudes ?r\gh free fall )\t oxyg54 ,on ! basis ( animal exp]im5ts1 ,lutz & ,w5dt 7 =c$ to ! conclusion t if oxyg5 is brea!d be=e ! pressure drop 8jumps f #ad km4 #de1ijj ft4 altitude c !oretically be surviv$--at any rate1 t is ! maximum altitude 99 99 9910 :]eas we 7 able to c>ry out human exp]im5ts up to #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft4 altitude )\t any h>m :atev]4 ,9 all exp]im5ts at #bj km4 #fe1fjj ft4 ! subjects recov]$ cle> consci\sness ) spontane\s control above #c km4 #i1hjj ft41 & s )9 a suffici5t altitude = actual p>a*ute jump+4 ,z in/ruct$ be=e ! exp]im5t1 ! subject rang a c[bell hung up 9 ! *amb] by pull+ a h&le 7! equival5t ( pull+ ! rip cord7 )\t a new ord] to d s1 s t "u actual conditions !y w\ld c]ta9ly h also pull$ ! rip cord at ! "r "t4 ,exp]im5ts ) a pressure drop f #d km4 #ac1ajj ft4 )\t previ\s brea?+ 9 ( oxyg5 7 n c>ri$ out by u because we proce$$ f ! viewpo9t t :5 contact ) ! enemy is possible1 pressure cab9 ma*9es fly ) a pressure correspond+ to #h km4 #bf1bjj ft4 altitude &1 !re=e1 ! crews w\ld already be brea?+ oxyg5 9 case ( a possible pressure drop z a result ( damage to ! cab94 page #be ( orig9al ,s9ce ! fall+ exp]im5ts )\t oxyg5 _h already giv5 su* good results1 fall+ exp]im5ts 7 begun only at #bj km4 #fe1fjj ft4 altitude1 &1 because ( ! limitations describ$ above1 c\ld be c>ri$ out only to #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft44 ,9 ^! ! results obta9$ by ,lutz & ,w5dt 7 fully corroborat$ 9 ?is respect1 t jumps f above #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft4 c probably be made )\t dang]1 & t ebullition ( ! blood does n yet take place up to #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft4 altitude4 ,on ! o!r h& 9 a fall+ exp]im5t ) human be+s1 nei!r a po/-hypoxemic pseudo-dea? nor a po/-hypoxemic twilight sleep 7 ev] obs]v$ 7,lutz74 ,9 conclusion1 we mu/ make x p>ticul>ly cle> t1 9 view ( ! extreme exp]im5tal conditions 9 ?is :ole exp]im5tal s]ies1 no fatality & no la/+ injury due to oxyg5 lack occurr$4 ,v4 ,conclusions f ! ,results ,= practical rescues by p>a*ute jump f ! highe/ & high] altitudes ! exp]im5ts yield$ ! foll[+3 ,! p>a*ute jump )\t oxyg5 ) imm$iate op5+ ( ! p>a*ute is possible up to a jump+ altitude ( #ac km4 #db1gjj ft42 ! jump ) oxyg5 equipm5t c be made at jump+ altitudes up to #ah km4 #ei1ajj ft44 ,advice mu/ be giv5 aga9/ jump+ & imm$iate op5+ ( ! p>a*ute s9ce !re is consid]able dang] ( freez+ & !re is no ne$ to pull ! rip cord at high altitudes4 ,h[ev] ! exp]im5tal data give "s indication ( ! *ances ( ! p>a*ute jump] ^: p>a*ute has become unfold$ f :atev] cause4 ,! jump ) a free fall & op5+ ( ! p>a*ute at l[ altitudes c be made )\t oxyg5 equipm5t up to altitudes ( #bj km4 #fe1fjj ft41 ) oxyg5 up to #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft41 & probably consid]ably high]4 ,9 all ! exp]im5ts at great height1 ev5 9 exp]im5ts ) oxyg5 brea?+1 unconsci\sness occurr$ extraord9>ily rapidly & 0 naturally prec$$ by loss ( control be=e t4 ,9 "o unfavorable case ( a subject 9 ! /&+ position dur+ a desc5d+ exp]im5t ) oxyg51 jump+ f an altitude ( #ah km4 #ei1ajj ft41 unconsci\sness occurr$ aft] #g seconds4 ,"o may n c\nt on a long] "t ?an #aj seconds be=e loss ( control occurs at high altitudes ev5 ) ! body at re/4 ,s )9 t "t ! airplane mu/ be ab&on$ or at lea/ "o mu/ activate ! ejection seat4 ,! te*nical solution ( ?is problem mu/ be f\nd ?r\gh a diff]5t approa*4 ,x is c]ta9 only t x w be impossible to climb out "u "o's own p[]1 t "o mu/ avoid absolutely all bodily ex]tion1 & t ! "t mu/ be kept z %ort z possible4 ,rescue is /ill possible f v great heights2 ! critical "p is ! ab&on+ ( ! aircraft4 ,oxyg5 equipm5t is absolutely necess>y at ^! altitudes1 s9ce x assures ! mo/ favorable conditions = ! jump4 ,9 case ( failure ( ! equipm5t1 loss ( ! m\?piece or o!r mi%aps1 we /ill ne$ n c\nt ^u s]i\s di/urbances or injuries up to #bj km4 #fe1fjj ft44 ,ev5 jumps f #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft4 w g well if !re is automatic op5+ ( ! p>a*ute ?r\gh b>ometrical control at #g to #d km4 #bc1jjj to #ac1ajj ft4 altitude4 ,! automatic op5+ is also ess5tial = sev]al o!r reasons3 #a4 ,9 p>ticul> cases ! p>a*ute jump] is n able to rega9 consci\sness at a suffici5t altitude above ! gr\nd because ( collapse or injury4 #b4 ,z a result ( cold ! jump] may be h&icapp$ by immobility ( 8 h&s1 & ?us be h9d]$ 9 pull+ ! rip cord4 #c4 ,z a result ( ! unconsci\sness result+ f anoxia1 ! page #bg ( orig9al p>a*ute jump] loses all s5se ( ! "t :i* has elaps$ s9ce 8 jump1 z 0 %[n 9 all exp]im5ts1 s t x is impossible = him1 ) fail+ eyesight1 to e/imate 8 altitude4 ,on ! o!r h& x is desirable1 on ! basis ( ! reason adduc$ "u numb] #c above1 t ! op5+ ( ! p>a*ute at altitudes above #g km4 #bc1jjj ft4 be prev5t$1 s9ce v (t5 ! p>a*ute jump] w\ld pull ! rip cord imm$iately aft] recov]+ f 8 altitude sickness1 :i* may be too soon & at too high an altitude4 ,! be/ conditions = explosive decompression itself & = ! seconds elaps+ until ! appe>ance ( altitude sickness are provid$ if fly+ is done at a cab9 pressure correspond+ to #h km4 #bf1cjj ft4 & ) oxyg5 brea?+4 ,s9ce x may become necess>y to ab&on ! aircraft = reasons o!r ?an damage to ! pressure cab91 ! pressure equalization at a pr$et]m9$ rate mu/ be made possible by means ( a valve4 ,9 case ab&onm5t does n appe> necess>y 9 spite ( ! loss ( cab9 pressure ! dang] ( oxyg5 lack is /ill less ) ! automatic div+ control me*anism ?an 9 a p>a*ute jump1 s9ce ! dive may be made ) consid]ably great] rate ( desc5t4 ,,vi4 ,summ>y ,exp]im5ts 7 in/itut$ ^u ! possibility ( rescue f altitudes up to #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft44 ,)\t p>a*ute oxyg5 equipm5t1 rescue 9 desc5d+ exp]im5ts is /ill possible f #ac km4 #db1gjj ft41 ) equipm5t1 f #ah km4 #ei1ajj ft44 ,! dang] aris+ f cold mu/ be consid]$4 ,9 fall+ exp]im5ts1 rescue f #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft4 altitude ) & )\t oxyg5 0 prov$ possible4 ,automatic p>a*ute op5+ is necess>y4 ,ebullition ( ! blood does n yet occur at #ba km4 #fh1ijj ft4 altitude4 page #bh ( orig9al ,oxyg5 mu/ be brea!d be=e explosive decompression4 ,ab&onm5t mu/ be by means ( ! ejection seat4 ,! dive to safe altitude (f]s good possibilities ( rescue if ab&onm5t ( ! plane is n necess>y aft] loss ( ! cab9 pressure4 ,bibliography ,lutz & ,w5dt--8,animal ,exp]im5ts on ,p>a*ute ,jump+ f ,high-,pressure ,cab9s40 ,communications 9 ! ,field ( ,aviation ,m$ic9e1 ,rese>* ,report #e_/db4 ,romb]g--8,! ,p>a*ute ,jump f ,great ,heights40 ,g]man ,aviation ,rese>*1 ,rese>* ,report ,no4 #adaf4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #cdc-;,a-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #fb ,,lett] ,,f ,,mil* ,,to ,,wolff1 #bj ,,may #aidb1 ,,reg>d+ ,,cont9uation ,,( ,,exp]im5ts ,field ,m>%al ,mil* ,secret ,b]l9 ,w #h1 #bj ,may #aidb ,leipzig]/rasse #g ,de> ,wolffy6 ,9 ref]5ce to y\r telegram ( #ab ,may our m$ical inspector reports to me t ! altitude exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ! ,,ss & ,air ,=ce at ,da*au h be5 f9i%$4 ,any cont9uation ( ^! exp]im5ts seems ess5tially unreasonable4 ,h[ev] ! c>ry+ out ( exp]im5ts ( "s o!r k9d1 9 reg>d to p]ils at high sea1 w\ld be important4 ,^! h be5 prep>$ 9 imm$iate agreem5t ) ! prop] (fices2 ,major 7,m4 ,c47 ,weltz w be *>g$ ) ! execution & ,capta9 7,m4 ,c47 ,ras*] w be made available until fur!r ord]s 9 addition to 8 duties )9 ! ,m$ical ,corps ( ! ,air ,corps4 ,a *ange ( ^! measures does n appe> necess>y1 & an enl>gem5t ( ! task is n consid]$ press+ at ?is "t4 ,! l[-pressure *amb] w\ld n be ne$$ = ^! l[-temp]ature exp]im5ts4 ,x is urg5tly ne$$ at ano!r place & !re=e c no long] rema9 9 ,da*au4 ,i convey ! special ?anks f ! ,supreme ,comm&] ( ! ,air ,corps to ! ,,ss = _! ext5sive coop]ation4 ,i rema9 ) be/ wi%es = y1 9 good comrade%ip & ) ,heil ,hitl]6 ,always y\rs ,sign$ ,e4 ,,mil* ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #cdc-;,b-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #gj ,,lett] ,,f ,,mil* ,,to ,,himml]1 #ca ,,augu/ #aidb1 ,,ackn[l$g+ ,,receipt ,,( ,,reports ,,by ,,ras*] ,,& ,,romb]g ,,on ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts ,field ,m>%al ,mil* ,b]l91 ,w #h1 #ca ,aug4 #aidb ,leipzig]/rasse #g ,de> ,h]r ,himml]6 ,i ?ank y v mu* = y\r lett] ( #be ,augu/4 ,i h read ) great int]e/ ! reports ( ,dr4 ,ras*] & ,dr4 ,romb]g4 ,i am in=m$ ab\t ! curr5t exp]im5ts4 ,i %all ask ! two g5tlem5 to give a lecture comb9$ ) ! %[+ ( motion pictures to my m5 9 ! ne> future4 ,hop+ t x w be possible = me to see y on ! occasion ( my next visit to ,headqu>t]s1 ,i rema9 ) be/ reg>ds & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs1 ,sign$ ,e4 ,,mil* ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,police ,himml] ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bhi ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #gb ,,lett] ,,f ,,hippke ,,to ,,himml]1 #h ,,octob] #aidb1 ,,?ank+ ,,! ,,latt] ,,= ,,8 ,,assi/ance ,,9 ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts ,,9 ,,da*au ,b]l9 ,w #h1 #h ,octob] #aidb ,leipzig] ,/r4 #g ,telephone #eb #jj #bd ,to ! ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,police1 ,rei* ,fuehr] ,,ss ,himml]1 ,b]l9 ,,sw4 #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/r4 #h ,subject3 ,lett] #acji_/db ( #be ,augu/ #aidb to ,/ate ,secret>y ,mil* conc]n+ exp]im5ts = rescue f high altitudes4 ,v honor$ ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,9 ! "n ( ,g]man rese>* on aviation m$ical problems1 ,i beg to ?ank y v ob$i5tly = ! great help & all ! int]e/ %[n 9 ! ,da*au exp]im5ts2 ^! exp]im5ts =m a complem5t :i* is1 = u1 ( great value & importance4 ,! fact t an atmosph]e ) s little oxyg5 c be endur$ at all = "s "t is mo/ enc\rag+ = fur!r rese>*4 ,x is true t no conclusions z to ! practice ( p>a*ut+ c be drawn = ! "t be+1 z a v important factor1 namely cold1 has s f> n yet be5 tak5 into consid]ation2 x places an extraord9>y excess burd5 on ! entire body & its vital movem5ts1 s t ! results 9 actual practice w v likely prove to be f> m unfavorable ?an 9 ! pres5t exp]im5ts4 ,9 ! meantime ! supplem5t>y tasks requir$ n[ h be5 begun4 ,9 "p !y w h to be f9i%$ only aft] completion ( ! new ,rese>* ,in/itute = ,aviation ,m$ic9e ( ! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/ry 9 ,tempelh(1 ^: l[-pressure *amb] w include all cold g5]at+ app>atus & also an in/allation = produc+ conditions at a height ( #cj kilomet]s4 ,freez+ exp]im5ts 9 ano!r direction are1 91 "p1 /ill be+ made at ,da*au4 ,:5 ! "w w ne$ once m y\r sympa!tic assi/ance1 may ,i be all[$ to get 9 t\* ) y aga9 ?r\gh ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*]8 ,heil ,hitl] ,sign$ ,,pr(4 ,,dr4 ,,hippke ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bbd ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #gf ,,note ,,by ,,romb]g ,,on ,,%[+ ,,( ,,film ,,9 ,,(fice ,,( ,,/ate ,,secret>y ,,mil*1 ,,& ,,propos$ ,,report ,,to ,,mil*1 #aa ,,septemb] #aidb ,on #aa ,septemb] #aidb1 at #i3de o'clock1 ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*] & ,dr4 ,romb]g met1 accord+ to telephonic & oral agreem5ts ) ,colonel ,p5dele1 9 ! ante*amb] ( ! ,/ate ,secret>y4 ,we 7 in=m$ t ! ,/ate ,secret>y _h ord]$ ?is conf]5ce at ! pres5t /age1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* a report on exp]im5ts conc]n+ 8rescue f great heights0 0 to be made1 & ! motion picture conc]n+ ^! exp]im5ts 0 to be %[n4 ,! g5tlem5 wait+ 9 ! ante*amb] ( ! ,/ate ,secret>y & 9 ! corridor 7mo/ ( !m f ! exp]im5tal /aff7 7 in=m$ t previ\s to ! conf]5ce a motion picture 0 to be %[n1 s t all w5t to ! projection room on ! fif? floor4 ,"h q a l>ge numb] ( p 7 already pres5t1 s t #cj-dj p]sons 7 !re 9 all4 ,among !m 7 (fic]s1 m$ical & eng9e] (fic]s--we "k "s ( !m p]sonally--"s ^: pres5ce surpris$ u 9 view ( ! top secret nature ( ! motion picture & ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,no *eck+ ( ! p]sons pres5t 0 done1 nor 0 !re an att5dance li/4 ,z1 aft] a %ort "t ( wait+1 ! ,/ate ,secret>y _h n come1 ! motion picture 0 %[n1 )\t giv+ u an opportunity = prelim9>y or explanatory rem>ks4 ,dur+ ! int]mission betwe5 ! two p>ts ( ! motion picture1 ,dr4 ,ras*] ref]r$ once m to ! /rict obligation ( secrecy ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,aft] completion ( ! %[+ ( ! motion picture--! ,/ate ,secret>y _h n come1 z he _h be5 summon$ to see ! ,rei* ,m>%al ,go]+--! p]sons pres5t /ill talk$ a little :ile ab\t ! motion picture1 on :i* occasion less int]e/ 0 %[n 9 ! subject itself ?an 9 ! place ( ! exp]im5ts & ! individuals :o _h be5 ! subjects4 ,aft] ?is p]iod ( "t1 dur+ :i* we 7 nei!r call$ ^u to make any /atem5ts :atsoev] nor 7 we1 consid]+ ! great =um & ! abs5ce ( ! ,/ate ,secret>y1 incl9$ to give any reports ! great] "p ( ^? pres5t w5t back to ! developm5t conf]5ce1 :ile ,ob]/>zt ,wu]fl]1 ,ob]/>zt ,pr(essor ,kalk1 ,/abs>zt ,bruehl & ,regi]ungsrat ,b5z+] ask$ u to make a report to a small m$ical circle4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! ,/ate ,secret>y _h prohibit$ t any report be made be=e ! di/ribution _h be5 decid$ on1 we refus$ to disclose ! results ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,ob]/>zt ,kalk /at$ t he 0 will+ to report to ! ,/ate ,secret>y our wi%es conc]n+ ! di/ribution ( ! report & ! cont9uation ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,! film 0 h&$ to ,colonel ,vorwald4 ,accord+ to ! conf]5ce ) ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s1 ,i tri$ to get ! film back on ! same day1 b ,colonel ,vorwald 0 /ill at ! developm5t conf]5ce4 ,:5 ,i telephon$ ! next day & reque/$ t ! film be h&$ back1 ,colonel ,vorwald decl>$ t he w\ld l to keep ! film until aft] ,sunday1 #ac ,septemb]1 s9ce on ?is day ! ,rei* ,m>%al 0 com+ & might p]haps desire to see ! film4 ,accord+ly1 ,i let ,colonel ,vorwald keep ! film = t day4 ,on #ad ,septemb]1 ,i w5t to fet* ! film f ,colonel ,vorwald1 & 0 in=m$ t x _h n be5 %[n4 ,on ! same day ,i spoke ) ,/abs>zt ,bruehl1 :o in=m$ me t ,ob]/>zt ,kalk _h transmitt$1 /ill on #aa ,septemb]1 our wi%es conc]n+ di/ribution & confirmation ( ! exp]im5ts to ! ,/ate ,secret>y4 ,! ,/ate ,secret>y _h approv$ ! di/ribution s*$ule1 & said t a cont9uation ( ! exp]im5ts 0 n urg5t4 ,a few days lat] ! di/ribution s*$ule accept$ by ! ,/ate ,secret>y 0 s5t to ! ,g]man ,aviation ,rese>* ,in/itute by ,colonel ,p5dele1 & ! report 0 subsequ5tly transmitt$ by ! ,in/itute to ! (fices conc]n$4 ,s9ce t "t ,i h n receiv$ any news ei!r conc]n+ ! film or conc]n+ ! report4 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,romb]g ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #afab-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #gi ,,lett] ,,f ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,,to ,,ras*]1 #ac ,,decemb] #aidb1 ,,& ,,himml]',s ,,ord] ,,assign+ ,,ras*] ,,to ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5ts ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,field ,comm& ,po/ ,rubb] /amp3 ,p]sonal ,/aff ( ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,docum5tation ,section ,file ,no43 ,confid5tial ,field ,comm& ,po/1 #ac ,decemb] #aidb ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,p]sonal ,/aff ,j\rnal ,no4 #ai_/aj_/dc g1 ,bra_/,secret #a4 ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 m$4 ,ras*] illegible 99 99 99 ,,ss #b4 ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,b]l9 #c4 ,m$ical ,(fice 9 ,,ss ,fuehrung%auptamt 7,,ss ,op]ational ,ma9 ,(fice7 ,b]l9 #d4 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl1 ,b]l9 #e4 ,ahn5]be ,b]l9-,dahlem ,enclos$ ,i am s5d+ y a lett] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 7copy ( same7 ) an ord] = ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,y are reque/$ to duly note & accord ne$$ assi/ance to ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ras*] 9 ! c>ry+ ?r\gh ( 8 exp]im5ts4 ,by ord] ,initial$ ,b4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,pr9z ,albre*t/rasse ,rubb] /amp ,p]sonal ,/aff ( ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,docum5tation ,section ,j\rnal ,no43 ,confid5tial ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ras*] is be+ assign$ by me to c>ry ?r\gh ! foll[+ exp]im5ts3 #a4 ,l[-pressure *amb] exp]im5ts--to be c>ri$ out "u conditions correspond+ to ^? actually prevail+ "u normal op]at+ conditions--= rescue f high & extremely high altitudes4 ,det]m9ation ( *anges 9 *emical equilibrium1 z well z gas equilibrium ( human body4 ,exp]im5ts are to be repeat$ until a sci5tifically inconte/able basis = f9d+s is e/abli%$4 ,te/+ ( pressure-pro( protection g>m5ts = ! highe/ altitudes to be c>ri$ out ) ! assi/ance ( manufactur]s ( su* protective suits4 #b4 ,te/s = reimp>t+ w>m? aft] total *ill+ ( ! human body1 record+ all *anges ( *emical & gas *>act]i/ics1 are to be fur!r cont9u$ until complete cl>ification ( d\btful que/ions4 ,i atta* p>ticul> value to conditions = exp]im5ts com+ z close to actual conditions z possible1 p>ticul>ly z reg>ds reimp>tation ( w>m?4 ,sauna equipm5t available 9 ,da*au %\ld be us$ 9 connection ) exp]im5ts on reimp>tation ( w>m?4 #c4 ,exp]im5ts on removal ( effects due to freez+ ( p>ts ( human sy/em1 especially ! extremities1 to be c>ri$ ?r\gh 9 suitable =m 7e4 g4 applications ) ,ga/e9 wat]74 #d4 ,exp]im5ts conc]n$ ) adaptation to freez+ cold 9 sn[ huts 7igloos7 to be c>ri$ out "u v>y+ diets 9 ord] to e/abli% :e!r adaptation to cold ,g]man text says 8,gewaehrung01 i4 e4 cons5t1 :i* evid5tly is a typographical error & resi/ance increase aga9/ freez+ is possible4 ,^! exp]im5ts are to be c>ri$ out on ! site ( ! ,,ss ,m\nta9 ,retreat ,sudelfeld4 #e4 ,! procurem5t ( ! app>atus ne$$ = all ! exp]im5ts %\ld be discuss$ 9 detail ) ! (fices ( ! ,rei*>zt ,,ss1 ( ! ,,ss ,ma9 ,(fice = ,economic ,adm9i/ration & ) ! ,ahn5]be4 ,! necess>y *emical products1 m$ical supplies1 & glassw>e w be made available by ! ,,ss ,m$ical ,(fice1 ,b]l94 #f4 ,publication ( results obta9$ 9 su* te/s subject to my approval only4 ,sign$ ,h4 ,,himml] ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,tribunal ,,witness ,,walt] ,,neff#be ,,exam9ation ,,by ,,prosecution 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 99 99 99 ,:5 did ! high-altitude exp]im5ts beg9 9 ,da*au8 ,,witness ,,neff3 ,! fir/ high-altitude exp]im5ts 7 on #bb ,febru>y #aidb4 ,! s-call$ l[-pressure *amb]s _h be5 br\ght 9 e>li] & dism\nt$4 ,! exact "t :5 ! *amb]s came is n kn[n to me4 ,q4 ,:y d y rememb] ! date :5 ! fir/ exp]im5ts 7 made 9 ! l[-pressure *amb]s s well8 ,a4 ,! #bb;d ( ,febru>y is my bir?day & ! tub]cul> pati5ts gave a p>ty = me4 ,on t date ! exp]im5ts />t$1 & t is :y ,i rememb] ! date4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,w y tell ! ,tribunal :o work$ on ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ by ,dr4 ,ras*] & ,dr4 ,romb]g4 ,t5 prison]s 7 select$ & 7 tak5 to ! /ation z p]man5t exp]im5tal subjects2 & !y 7 told t no?+ w\ld happ5 to !m4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ! fir/ #c weeks1 ! exp]im5ts w5t (f )\t incid5t4 ,"o day1 h[ev]1 ,ras*] told me ! next day he 0 go+ to make a s]i\s exp]im5t & t he w\ld ne$ #af ,russians :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea?1 & he receiv$ ^! ,russians4 ,!n ,i told ,ras*] t ,i w\ld n help1 & ,i actually got ,ras*] to s5d me away to ! tub]cul> w>d4 ,on t day ,i "k = c]ta9 t ,ras*]'s ,,ss man ,endres or o!r ,,ss m5 conduct$ ^! exp]im5ts4 ,dr4 ,romb]g 0 n !re t day4 ,! ,,ss man ,endres took ! ,russian prison]s ( w> to ,ras*] & 9 ! ev5+ ! p>ties 7 tak5 out4 ,on ! next day :5 ,i return$ to ! /ation1 ,endres 0 already !re & he said t two m1 two ,jews1 w\ld be kill$4 ,i am quot+ :at he said4 ,i left ! /ation aga91 b ,i wat*$ to see :o w\ld be tak5 = ! exp]im5ts4 ,i saw ! fir/ "o gett+ into ! c>4 ,i c\ld only see 8 pr(ile4 ,x seem$ famili> to me4 ,i knew t man work$ 9 ! hospital z a tailor4 ,i tri$ to f9d out if x 0 really t man4 ,i w5t to ! place :]e he work$1 & ,i 0 told t ,endres _h j tak5 ! man away4 ,! fir/ p]son t ,i in=m$ 0 ,dr4 ,romb]g :om ,i met 9 ! corridor4 ,i told ,romb]g t ?is 0 n a p]son :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea?1 t ?is 0 a cle> case ( murd] on ! responsibility ( ,endres4 ,romb]g w5t ) me to see ,ras*] to cle> ! matt] up1 b x 0 discov]$ t ,endres _h put ?is man 9 ! exp]im5tal c> because he _h refus$ to make a civilian suit = him4 ,ras*] s5t ! man back2 ,endres w5t ) him & rem>k$3 8,well1 !n y w get an injection today40 ,i mu/ say t ,ras*] int]f]$ once m & put ! man 9 safety into ! bunk]4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,endres _h br\ght a second man up1 a ,cze*1 :om ,i knew v well4 ,aga9 x 0 ,romb]g toge!r ) me :o talk$ to ,ras*] to /op ?is exp]im5t or to inquire :y a man l ,endres 0 simply tak+ p :o _h nev] be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,ras*] w5t to ! camp comm&ant1 ,piork[ski1 :o p]sonally came to ! /ation & ,endres 0 transf]r$ to ,lubl9 imm$iately4 ,& n[ ,i come to ! subject3 x 0 actually ! day on :i* my comrade & ,i rea*$ ! decision t "u all circum/ances1 no matt] :at happ5$1 ,i w\ld n rema9 at ?is---- ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 let me int]rupt y j a m9ute4 ,we w come back & y c tell ! full /ory !n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,i w ask ! ,secret>y ,g5]al to turn ?is book ov] to c\nsel = ! prosecution1 & def5se c\nsel may exam9e ! book4 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,n[1 ,witness1 be=e ! recess1 y _h be5 tell+ ! ,tribunal ab\t ! high-altitude exp]im5ts :i* y /at$ began on #bb ,febru>y #aidb1 & y _h relat$ h[ e>ly 9 ,m>* ,ras*] _h exp]im5t$ ^u "s #ae ,russians :o 7 kill$ & y /at$ t nei!r y nor ! def5dant ,romb]g 7 pres5t on t occasion & y !n _h gone on to relate t an ,,ss man 9 ,da*au nam$ ,endres _h br\ght 9 ! tailor at ! camp & want$ him to be exp]im5t$ ^u & h[ y recogniz$ ! tailor & int]c$$ ) ,romb]g & _h ?is man return$4 ,n[1 be=e y cont9ue ) y\r /ory1 ,i w\ld l to put "s specific que/ions to y4 ,x is true1 is x n1 t conc5tration camp inmates 7 exp]im5t$ on dur+ ^! high-altitude exp]im5ts8 ,,witness ,,neff3 ,yes4 ,q4 ,ab\t h[ _m conc5tration camp inmates 7 subject$ to ^! high-altitude exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,!re 7 #ahj to #bjj inmates :o 7 subject$ to ! high-altitude exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,:51 to ! be/ ( y\r recollection1 did ! high-altitude exp]im5ts end8 ,a4 ,! incid5t ( ! dead--,i am afraid ,i didn't q get y\r "q4 ,w y repeat x8 ,q4 ,i am ask+ y1 ,witness1 :5 ! high-altitude exp]im5ts end$1 t is1 :5 !y 7 complet$4 ,a4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ,june--maybe ! beg9n+ ( ,july1 ! l[-pressure *amb]s 7 tak5 away4 ,i don't recollect ! exact date1 h[ev]4 ,q4 ,& y /ate t betwe5 #bb ,febru>y #aidb & ! end ( ,june1 or ! beg9n+ ( ,july #aidb1 approximately #ahj to #bjj conc5tration camp inmates 7 exp]im5t$ on8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:at nationalities 7 ! exp]im5tal subjects8 ,a4 ,i _c say t ) c]ta9ty b ,i ?9k t approximately all nations 7 repres5t$ !re2 t is1 all nations t 7 9 ! camp1 mo/ly ,russians1 ,poles1 ,g]mans1 & ,jews belong+ to any nation4 ,i d n rememb] any o!r nationalities be+ repres5t$ !re4 ,q4 ,7 any ( ^! exp]im5tal subjects prison]s ( w>8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:at nationalities 7 !y8 ,d y recall8 ,a4 ,!y 7 ,russians4 ,q4 ,n[1 w y tell ! ,tribunal h[ ^! exp]im5tal subjects 7 select$8 ,a4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects :o _h to be subject$ to sev]e exp]im5ts1 exp]im5ts t w\ld end 9 dea?1 7 reque/$ by ,ras*] f ! camp adm9i/ration & !n furni%$ by ! ,,ss2 h[ev]1 ?is proc$ure diff]$ ) ! s-call$ s]ies ( exp]im5ts & a numb] ( o!r exp]im5ts4 ,= ^? exp]im5ts1 ! p 7 br\ght into ! exp]im5tal /ation /raight f ! camp1 t is1 f ! blocks4 ,q4 ,n[1 did !y1 to y\r k1 make any ef=t 9 ! camp to secure volunte]s = ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,!re 7 c]ta9 volunte]s = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,t 0 because ,ras*] promis$ c]ta9 p]sons t !y w\ld be releas$ f ! camp if !y und]w5t ^! exp]im5ts4 ,he sometimes promis$ !m t !y w\ld be detail$ to m favorable "w4 ,q4 ,n[1 ab\t h[ _m ( su* volunte]s w\ld y say !re 7 = ! high-altitude exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,i d n "k ! exact numb]4 ,x 0 n v high2 approximately #aj inmates volunte]$ = t purpose4 ,q4 ,did ^! volunte]s come "o at a "t1 or did !y come 9 a body1 or j h[ did !y pres5t !mselves to ! exp]im5tal /ations8 ,a4 ,ras*] mov$ ar\nd ! camp q a lot & on t occasion ! inmates spoke to him4 ,q4 ,9 o!r words1 ! camp (ficials & ,ras*] & ,romb]g made no ef=t to f9d volunte]s1 did !y8 ,a4 ,i don't "k1 b ,i %\ld n ?9k s4 ,i %\ld n ?9k t !y made great ef=ts to get volunte]s4 ,q4 ,n[1 o!r ?an ^! approximately #aj p]sons :o y /ate pres5t$ !mselves z volunte]s1 7 all ! re/ ( ! exp]im5tal subjects simply pick$ out & br\ght 9 & exp]im5t$ on8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,7 any ( ^! prison]s exp]im5t$ ^u releas$ f ! conc5tration camp because !y und]w5t ! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,!re is only "o man :o 0 releas$ aft] ! high-altitude exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,& :o 0 t8 ,a4 ,an inmate ) ! "n ( ,sobota4 ,q4 ,& did ,sobota assi/ ,ras*] 9 8 exp]im5tal "w o!r ?an simply und]go+ ! exp]im5t8 ,0 he some?+ 9 ! nature ( an assi/ant to ,ras*]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,sobota 0 "o ( ^? p]sons :o _h to und]go mo/ ( ! exp]im5ts & he 0 also us$ on "o exp]im5t :i* 0 conduct$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,on t occasion he 0 ask$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] h[ long he _h be5 9 ! camp & he promis$ him t he w\ld be releas$4 ,he 0 lat] s5t to ! ,gr\p ,dirlewang]4 ,q4 ,0 x consid]$ a privilege to be releas$ to ! ,gr\p ,dirlewang]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,! inmates :o lat] 7 =c$ to transf] to ! ,gr\p ,dirlewang] ?\ght t ?is 0 ! wor/ ?+ t c\ld happ5 to !m4 ,q4 ,w y tell ! ,tribunal j :at ! ,gr\p ,dirlewang] 08 ,a4 ,! ,gr\p ,dirlewang] 0 an ,,ss division :o receiv$ _! education 9 ,orani5burg & :o 7 us$ = special purposes4 ,at "o "t #bjj ,g]man political inmates 9 ?is gr\p 7 transf]r$ to ,russia4 ,all p]sons :o 7 =c$ to jo9 ?is gr\p 7 v disgu/$ at be+ =c$ to jo9 ! ,,ss & fight = !m4 ,!y consid]$ be+ select$ to jo9 ! ,,ss z ! v wor/ disgrace4 ,q4 ,0 ! ,dirlewang] a special comm&o gr\p8 ,a4 ,yes1 x 0 a special comm&o gr\p & 0 assign$ to ! mo/ dang]\s spots4 ,h[ev]1 ,i only "k t f comrades to :om ,i h spok5 ab\t ?is matt] aft] ! lib]ation4 ,q4 ,o!r ?an ! prison] ,sobota1 7 !re any o!r conc5tration camp inmates releas$ z a result ( und]go+ ! high-altitude exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,i "k ( no case except ,sobota4 ,q4 ,d y "k ( any cases :]e a prison] condemn$ to dea? _h 8 s5t5ce commut$ to life imprisonm5t because he und]w5t ! high-altitude exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,witness1 7 any political prison]s us$ 9 ^! high-altitude exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,yes1 !re 7 political prison]s :o 7 us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,all =eign]s 7 consid]$ political prison]s4 ,q4 ,witness1 tell ! ,tribunal h[ "o c\ld tell ! diff]5ce betwe5 a political & a crim9al prison] 9 a conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,all inmates _h c]ta9 squ>es ) lett]s2 ! political inmates _h r$ squ>es2 ! ,g]man political inmates _h a pla9 r$ squ>e2 ! ,poles _h a r$ squ>e ) a 8,p0 m>k$ on x2 ! ,russians ) an 8,r02 all nationalities c\ld be id5tifi$ by ! fir/ lett] ( _! c\ntry4 ,! r$ squ>e ) a yell[ /> 0 ! ,jew4 ,! gre5 squ>e1 on ! o!r h& 0 ! sign ( ! s-call$ pr(essional crim9al4 ,"h x mu/ be said t !re 7 q a numb] ( p ) gre5 squ>es :o did n fall "u ! classification ( pr(essional crim9als1 b :o 7 s5t to ! camp ) t squ>e s9ce ! ,ge/apo c\ld f9d no excuse to s5d !m into ! camp z political prison]s4 ,q4 ,n[1 0 ?is squ>e really a squ>e or a triangle8 ,a4 ,x 0 really a triangle ) ! head ( ! triangle po9t$ d[n to ! e>?4 ,if x po9t$ upw>d1 x indicat$ a memb] ( ! ,wehrma*t :o 0 s5t to ! camp = puni%m5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,witness1 7 any ,jews exp]im5t$ on 9 ^! high-altitude exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 tell ! ,tribunal approximately h[ _m prison]s 7 kill$ dur+ ! c\rse ( ! high-altitude exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,dur+ ! high-altitude exp]im5ts #gj to #hj p]sons 7 kill$4 ,q4 ,did !y exp]im5t on prison]s o!r ?an ^? condemn$ to dea?8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,7 any ( ^? prison]s :o _h n be5 condemn$ to dea? kill$ dur+ ! c\rse ( ! high-altitude exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,d y h any idea h[ _m may h be5 kill$8 ,a4 ,!re c\ld h be5 approximately #dj p]sons4 ,q4 ,t is1 #dj p]sons 7 kill$1 :o _h n be5 condemn$ to dea?1 out ( a total ( #gj1 did y say8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 7 "s ( ^? kill$ political prison]s8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,is !re any way ( tell+ :e!r or n a prison] _h be5 condemn$ to dea?--t is1 :5 ! exp]im5tal subject arriv$ 9 ! pressure *amb]1 0 !re any way to "k :e!r he _h be5 condemn$ to dea?8 ,a4 ,once ! exp]im5tal subjects came f ! ,bunk]1 t is1 if ! ,,ss br\ght !m out1 we c\ld always tell !y 7 prison]s :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,:5 ! inmates 7 s5t by ! camp lead]1 & 7 br\ght !re by him1 !n we c\ld also tell !y 7 p]sons :o came f ! camp1 & t !y 7 n p]sons :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,q4 ,c\ld ,romb]g "k ?is j z y did8 ,a4 ,he c\ld only "k x if he tri$ to f9d out ab\t x1 because he c\ld h>dly diff]5tiate :e!r ! p]son conc]n$ came f ! ,bunk] or came f ! camps4 ,q4 ,b y c\ld tell t y\rself8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,did ,romb]g ev] ask y :e!r or n ^! exp]im5tal subjects _h be5 condemn$ to dea?8 ,a4 ,i d n rememb] ,romb]g ev] ask+ me ab\t t4 ,q4 ,7 records kept 9 ! conc5tration camp :i* %[$ :e!r or n a man _h be5 condemn$ to dea?8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,d y "k :e!r ,romb]g ev] *eck$ ^! records8 ,a4 ,i d n "k t4 ,q4 ,y d n "k if he ev] *eck$ !m1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,c y rememb]1 approximately1 h[ _m dea?s ,romb]g witness$ dur+ ^! high-altitude exp]im5ts1 if any8 ,a4 ,i c rememb] five cases :]e ,romb]g 0 pres5t dur+ cases ( dea?2 :e!r he 0 pres5t on o!r occasions1 ,i d n "k4 ,x is possible1 b ,i am n sure ( x4 ,q4 ,y are sure ( only five cases8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,did ,romb]g ev] make any objections conc]n+ ^! dea?s8 ,a4 ,i d n "k ( ,romb]g hav+ made any prote/s aga9/ x4 ,q4 ,he did n make any prote/ 9 y\r pres5ce8 ,a4 ,only at ! "t :5 we 7 conc]n$ ) ! incid5t :i* ,i spoke ( e>li]4 ,i d n "k any?+ ab\t any?+ else4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,rudolf ,,br&t#bf ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,kauffmann3 ,n[ ,i %\ld l to speak to y ab\t ,docum5t ,book ,no4 #b1 conc]n+ ! high-altitude exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,y said ?is morn+ t y knew ,ras*]8 ,,def5dant ,,rudolf ,,br&t3 ,yes4 ,q4 ,did y see him frequ5tly8 ,a4 ,v few times 9 ! c\rse ( #d to #e ye>s4 ,q4 ,did he come to y\r (fice & speak ) y8 ,a4 ,twice :5 ,i 0 ab\t to leave ,muni* by tra91 he & 8 wife br\ght a lett] = ,himml] to ! /ation & gave x to me4 ,q4 ,& :at did he want :5 he came to ,himml]'s front (fice & saw y8 ,a4 ,ei!r he br\ght a report or a lett]2 z ,i said1 ?is c\ld n h happ5$ m ?an #d or #e times4 ,q4 ,7 y ev] pres5t :5 ,himml] talk$ ) ,ras*]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i 0 nev] pres5t at ^? conf]5ces4 ,q4 ,did ,ras*] ev] tell y p]sonally1 ei!r be=e or aft] a conf]5ce ) ,himml]1 :y he _h come8 ,a4 ,no4 ,aft]w>ds we nev] spoke ab\t ^! visits because ,i _h no "t = t4 ,q4 ,b y d n want to d5y t y knew t ,ras*] 0 c>ry+ out exp]im5ts on human be+s 9 ,da*au8 ,a4 ,yes1 t ,i knew4 ,q4 ,did y ev] visit ,da*au y\rself8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i 0 nev] 9 ,da*au nor 9 any o!r conc5tration camp4 ,q4 ,did y y\rself ev] take "p 9 exp]im5ts on human be+s8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,did y see ^! photographs :i* are supplem5ts to ! docum5t books8 ,a4 ,i _c recall ev] hav+ se5 !m4 ,q4 ,n[1 please turn to page #ec4 ,?is is a lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml] 9 :i* he makes sugge/ions to ,himml] = ! fir/ "t t human be+ exp]im5ts %\ld be c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au4 ,9 ?is lett] he says t 9 ^! exp]im5ts he w\ld c]ta9ly h to c\nt on fatal consequ5ces = "s ( ! subjects4 ,d y rememb] receiv+ ?is lett]8 ,if n1 c y say h[ y probably w\ld h h&l$ ?is lett] :5 x came8 ,a4 ,i d n rememb] ! lett]4 ,z 9 all cases ,i c]ta9ly w\ld h put ?is lett] among ! mail t ,himml] w\ld read p]sonally1 aft] "o glance ?r\gh x _h assur$ me t x 0 a m$ical matt] 9 :i* ,himml] 0 g5]ally int]e/$4 ,,dr4 ,,kauffman3 ,we are speak+ n[1 y\r ,honor1 ( #afjb-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #dd4 ,q4 ,n[1 please look at page #eg ( ! ,g]man docum5t book4 ,?is is #aehb-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #de1 a lett] f y to ,ras*] 9 :i* y tell him t1 ( c\rse1 prison]s w gladly be made available = high-altitude exp]im5tation4 ,0 ?is lett] writt5 on y\r own initiative or is x a case simil> to all ! o!rs t y h br\ght up "h1 namely1 a lett] writt5 on ord]s f ,himml]8 ,a4 ,?is lett] does n orig9ate ) me4 ,x c be trac$ back to cle> ord]s f ,himml]4 ,q4 ,n[1 please take a look at #aeha-;,a-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #dh1 a lett] t be>s y\r signature1 address$ to ,siev]s4 ,"h y write t l[-pressure exp]im5ts are be+ c>ri$ out by ! ,luftwaffe 9 ,da*au on prison]s !re4 ,!n look at ! next ,docum5t1 #aiga-;,a-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #di1 a lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml]4 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ?is lett] !re is m5tion ( an enclos$ int]im report1 & !re is no d\bt t ?is int]im report 0 enclos$4 ,n[1 did y read ?is int]im report8 ,a4 ,i %\ld assume t ,i did n because fir/ly1 su* m$ical reports 7 q incompreh5sible to me z a layman2 &1 secondly1 because ( all ! "w :i* ,i _h to d1 ,i did n h en\gh "t to conc]n myself ) reports :i*1 fir/ ( all1 ,i didn't und]/& &1 secondly1 did n int]e/ me4 ,?us x is t ,i put ?is report 9 ) ! mail t ,himml] 0 to read )\t read+ x myself4 ,q4 ,n[1 please look at #aiga-;,d-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #eb1 app>5tly a teletype message f ,ras*] to y4 ,"h ,ras*] asks :e!r ,poles & ,russians are also to be p>don$ if !y h surviv$ sev]al sev]e exp]im5ts4 ,9 #aiga-;,e-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ec1 y\r answ] is to be f\nd1 a teletype message to ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,s*nitzl] 9 ,muni*4 ,9 ?is lett] y say t exp]im5tal subjects are n to be p>don$ if !y are ,poles or ,russians4 ,?is docum5t 0 giv5 p>ticul> /ress by ! prosecution1 & its cruel & atroci\s nature 0 emphasiz$4 ,d y rememb] ?is docum5t or c y give u any explanation ( h[ x came ab\t t y sign$ ?is teletype message8 ,a4 ,i _c rememb] ?is communication4 ,( c\rse1 ,i _c "h /ate "u oa? :e!r ?is is "o ( ^? cases 9 :i* a teletype message 0 s5t on ,himml]'s ord]s ) my signature to x4 ,x is also q possible t ,i saw ?is message & knew its cont5ts & s5t x (f1 aft] receiv+ in/ructions f ,himml]4 ,q4 ,b ,i %\ld ?9k t y w\ld /ill rememb] a docum5t ) su* cont5ts today2 & yet y say t y d n rememb] x8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i d n4 ,9 view ( ! enorm\s numb] ( ord]s t ,i got f ,himml]1 ,i c\ld n conc]n myself en\gh ) ! details ( ea* matt] 9 ord] to be able to rememb] !m = any l5g? ( "t4 ,q4 ,d y p]haps "k :e!r y discuss$ ?is matt] ) ,himml] & !n wait$ = 8 ord]s8 ,a4 ,i _c say t4 ,i assume t ,i put ! teletype message among 8 mail & !n receiv$ 8 in/ructions along ) all ! re/ ( 8 ord]s4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,i want to discuss ,,no-#djb1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ff4 ,?is is a lett] to ! ,g]man ,rese>* ,in/itute = ,aviation4 ,?is lett] accompanies a long report1 ! subject ( :i* is rescu+ pilots f high altitudes4 ,d y h t report n[ 9 front ( y8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,did y "w on ?is report or at lea/ give a cursory glance at x8 ,a4 ,i c]ta9ly did n "w on x1 & ,i did n ev5 give x a cursory glance1 fir/ ( all because x is a m$ical report1 & secondly1 because x is mu* too long4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,romb]g#bg ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,vorw]k3 ,n[1 we'll g back to ! po9t ( ,ras*]'s position 9 ! exp]im5t4 ,,def5dant ,,romb]g3 ,i said t )\t ,ras*] !re w\ld nev] h be5 any int5tion ( c>ry+ out ! exp]im5ts & x w\ld nev] h be5 possible4 ,?is c be se5 f ,himml]'s orig9al assignm5t4 ,practical pro( ( ?is is ! fact t ! exp]im5ts 7 /opp$ imm$iately :5 !re 7 difficulties ) ,ras*]'s assignm5t4 ,?is is prov$ by ! lett] f ,frau ,ras*] to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 dat$ #bd ,febru>y #aidb4 7,,no-#bfc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dg47 ,9 ?is lett] ,frau ,ras*] writes t !re 7 difficulties ( comm& & t ! exp]im5ts 7 /opp$2 t ,ras*] _h gone back to ,s*ongau4 ,t 0 ! "t :5 ,i w5t back to ,b]l94 ,lat] on :5 ! exp]im5ts 7 actually c>ri$ out1 ,ras*] _h expressly =bidd5 me to p]=m exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au )\t 8 p]mission or 8 pres5ce1 s t ,i nev] did p]=m any exp]im5ts )\t ,ras*]4 ,i always wait$ until he 0 !re4 ,on ! days :5 he 0 9 ,s*ongau no exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$4 ,g5]ally1 ,i did n ev5 g to ! exp]im5tal /ation4 ,sometimes ,i w5t to write--b c]ta9ly nev] to c>ry out exp]im5ts4 ,?is rule1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 x (t5 delay$ ! "w1 seem$ ju/ifi$ to me because ,ras*] _h p]mission f ,himml] to p]=m ^! exp]im5ts & 0 responsible to him = ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,also1 ,i myself 0 "u ! au?ority ( ! camp at ,da*au :i* s]i\sly re/rict$ my indep5d5ce1 = example1 my fre$om ( movem5t or talk+ to prison]s & simil> ?+s4 ,ras*] himself1 on ! o!r h&1 _h a v free position on ! basis ( ! p[]s :i* he _h receiv$ f ,himml] & because ( a special pass4 ,! ,da*au camp 0 "u ,himml]'s au?ority4 ,?is is %[n by ! lett] f ,himml] to ,mil* ( ,novemb] #aidb4 7#afag-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gg 7,pros4 ,ex4 #aaa1 ,mil* ,case747 ,9 ?is lett] ,himml] spoke ( ,holzloehn]'s conduct & adds t ! ,da*au camp 0 "u 8 ord]s1 & ,holzloehn] w\ld h to submit4 ,x 0 "u ^! conditions t ,ras*] took ! l[-pressure *amb] f ! ,,ss 9 ,muni* & set x up !re4 ,q4 ,:o took c>e ( ! ma9t5ance "w on ! *amb] dur+ ! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,!re 0 n a great deal ( ma9t5ance "w necess>y2 load+ ! batt]ies or supply+ ! oxyg5 = ! exp]im5ts 0 tak5 c>e ( by ,ras*] & 0 probably paid = by ! camp4 ,q4 ,0 ,ras*] responsible to y = t8 ,a4 ,no1 ,ras*] 0 n responsible to me at all4 ,he 0 responsible to ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate because ! *amb] belong$ to !m4 ,q4 ,did y h ah opportunity to give ,ras*] any ord]s or in/ructions1 or to prohibit any?+8 ,a4 ,no1 t c no d\bt be se5 f :at ,i h already said4 ,i c\ld n give him any ord]s4 ,i c]ta9ly c\ld n =bid him to d any?+4 ,conc]n+ ! conduct ( ^! exp]im5ts on rescue f high altitudes1 ,i m]ely _h a c]ta9 advisory "r z is cu/om>y = two sci5ti/s :o are work+ toge!r on ! same task :5 "o ( ! two has great] k p]t95t to ! specific task4 ,q4 ,y said ! exp]im5ts began on #bb or #bc ,febru>y2 0 t :5 y saw ! exp]im5tal subjects = ! fir/ "t8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,on t day ,i w5t out to ,da*au ) ,ras*] = ! fir/ "t & met ! exp]im5tal subjects = ! fir/ "t4 ,q4 ,ab\t h[ _m 7 !re8 ,a4 ,!re 7 #aj or #ab4 ,q4 ,c\ld x h be5 #e8 ,a4 ,five8 ,no1 !re 7 c]ta9ly m ?an t4 ,q4 ,c\ld x h be5 #ae8 ,a4 ,yes1 t is possible4 ,q4 ,did y talk to ! exp]im5tal subjects on t day be=e ! exp]im5ts began8 ,a4 ,i believe on t day we mo/ly talk$4 ,:e!r any prop] exp]im5ts 7 done at all on t fir/ day1 ,i don't rememb]4 ,at any rate ,i talk$ to ! exp]im5tal subjects & got to "k !m a little on ! fir/ day4 ,q4 ,:at did y talk ab\t ) ! exp]im5tal subjects8 ,a4 ,!y 7 q new surr\nd+s = me1 ( c\rse4 ,!y 7 all pr(essional crim9als :o 7 9 cu/ody4 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k t8 ,a4 ,!y told me t gradually 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation4 ,!y didn't1 ( c\rse1 h complete confid5ce on ! fir/ day & did n tell me all ab\t _! previ\s convictions4 ,b aft] c>eful inquiries "o discov]$ t !y _h be5 condemn$ = c]ta9 crimes1 repeat$ly convict$1 & f9ally _h be5 condemn$ to protective cu/ody4 ,q4 ,:y did y talk to ! exp]im5tal subjects on ?is day8 ,a4 ,x is q natural :5 "o beg9s to "w ) su* a gr\p t a c]ta9 p]sonal contact is necess>y4 ,we _h to get to "k ea* o!r4 ,i talk$ to !m ab\t _! pr(ession1 if ,i may call x t1 & ( c\rse ,i told !m some?+ ab\t ! exp]im5ts1 :at ! :ole ?+ 0 all ab\t1 :at !y !mselves _h to d to coop]ate 9 ! same way z my usual exp]im5tal subjects4 ,q4 ,0 ! reason = ?is inve/igation to prep>e ! subjects = _! activity or to *eck :e!r ^! p 7 actually volunte]s8 ,a4 ,no4 ,x 0 m to get to "k ! subjects p]sonally4 ,! situation 0 ?is3 9 ! discussion ) ! camp comm&ant on ! basis ( ! agreem5t ) ,ras*] & 8 au?orization f ,himml]1 a v def9ite agreem5t _h be5 rea*$ to ! effect t ^! p 7 to be select$ f ! volunte]s4 ,!re=e1 a cle> agreem5t _h be5 rea*$ on ! conditions1 ab\t :i* !re c\ld be no d\bts basically4 ,:5 ,i met ! subjects = ! fir/ "t p]sonally & talk$ to !m ab\t ! pr9ciple ( ! exp]im5ts & _! duties1 & s =?1 ( c\rse ,i also inquir$ :y !y _h volunte]$--n because ( any di/ru/ ( ! camp comm&ant1 b j = t reason4 ,q4 ,y ?\ght1 accord+ly1 t !y 7 volunte]s8 ,a4 ,i didn't only ?9k !y 74 ,!y told me s !mselves4 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k t s def9itely = ea* case8 ,a4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t--n on ! fir/ day b 9 ! c\rse ( "t--,i talk$ to all ( !m frequ5tly 9 "s detail1 & gradually !y told me ab\t _! previ\s convictions & :at o!r prisons & p5it5ti>ies !y _h be5 9 be=e !y came to ! camp1 & !y also told me ! reasons :y !y _h volunte]$4 ,q4 ,d y mean to say t all ! exp]im5tal subjects us$ = ! high-altitude exp]im5ts 7 volunte]s8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[ be=e ^! subjects ent]$ ! *amb] did y prep>e !m = :at !y _h to d & tell !m ! significance ( ! :ole ?+8 ,a4 ,yes1 ( c\rse4 ,fir/ ,i expla9$ ! :ole "q to !m 9 broad outl9e1 s t !y w\ld "k :at x 0 ab\t & :at ! purpose ( ! exp]im5t 04 ,9 detail ,i told !m specifically :at !y _h to d 9 ! exp]im5ts4 ,!re 0 ! writ+ te/ dur+ :i* !y _h to write numb]s f #a1jjj backw>ds2 !n ! c>d9al po9t 0 t aft] ! altitude sickness dur+ ! exp]im5ts1 z soon z !y came to1 !y _h to pull ! rip cord4 ,we _h a h&le 9 ! *amb] connect$ to a bell4 ,?is 0 to repres5t pull+ ! rip cord ( ! p>a*ute4 ,?is _h to be expla9$ to !m c>efully1 o!rwise !y w\ldn't h und]/ood x & w\ldn't h react$ correctly4 ,q4 ,n[1 be=e ! exp]im5ts began1 did y h an electroc>diogram ( ea* sep>ate subject8 ,a4 ,yes & aga9 lat] on4 ,q4 ,please expla9 t4 ,a4 ,ras*] _h fir/ exam9$ ! p to see if !y 7 suitable = ! exp]im5ts1 s !re w\ld be no he>t defects or any?+ l t4 ,!n 9 ord] to get an exact control1 be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! exp]im5ts we took an electroc>diogram ( all ! subjects4 ,9 almo/ all ! exp]im5ts ! electroc>diograms 7 regi/]$ & at ! end1 :5 ! exp]im5ts 7 f9i%$1 we took ano!r electroc>diogram ( all ! subjects 9 ord] to h mat]ial because p]haps ev5 if !re 0 no visible injury1 !re might /ill be "s effects :i* c\ld only be det]m9$ by su* te/s4 ,q4 ,n[1 h[ long did ^! exp]im5ts on rescue f high altitude la/1 approximately8 ,a4 ,well1 !y really began on ab\t #aj or #aa ,m>* & !y la/$ until #ai or #bj ,may4 ,q4 ,foll[+ t1 y prep>$ ! report :i* has be5 submitt$ by ! prosecution8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,9 ?is report y h a s5t5ce say+ t dur+ ! exp]im5ts on rescue f high altitudes !re 7 no dea?s & !re _h be5 no injury to heal?2 is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes1 x is correct t t s5t5ce is 9 ! report1 & x is also true t !re 7 no dea?s or o!r injuries4 ,q4 ,b "h 9 ! te/imony ( ! witness ,neff y he>d t !re 7 dea?s8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:at d y h to say ab\t t8 ,a4 ,9 addition to our jo9t exp]im5ts on rescue f high altitudes1 ,ras*] conduct$ exp]im5ts ( 8 own4 ,he did n tell me ! exact problem2 he m]ely said t he 0 p]=m+ ^! exp]im5ts = ,himml] & t !y _h to d ) explosive decompression sickness & electroc>diograms4 ,he _h app>5tly c>ri$ out secret exp]im5ts = "s "t on ?is problem1 b !n 9 my pres5ce he cont9u$ !m ) special subjects4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ^! exp]im5ts ! fir/ dea? occurr$ at ! end ( ,april 9 my pres5ce4 ,he told me 9 ! c\rse ( our conv]sations t he want$ to qualify z a lectur] on ! basis ( ^! exp]im5ts :i* 7 ord]$ by ,himml]4 ,he want$ to get ,dr4 ,fahr5kamp into x b ?is coop]ation nev] came ab\t because ! exp]im5ts 7 brok5 (f4 ,be=e ?is dea? ,i _h no reason to object to ! exp]im5ts 9 any way s9ce ,ras*] 0 us+ o!r subjects & _h a sep>ate assignm5t f ,himml] = !m4 ,my assignm5t 0 to p]=m ! exp]im5ts on rescue f high altitudes & ,i c>ri$ x out toge!r ) ,ras*]4 ,q4 ,h[ _m dea?s took place 9 y\r pres5ce8 ,a4 ,?ree4 ,q4 ,b ,neff spoke ( five dea?s at :i* y 7 pres5t4 ,a4 ,!re c\ld only h be5 ?ree4 ,q4 ,:y c\ld !re only h be5 ?ree8 ,a4 ,because ,i rememb]4 ,aft] all !y 7 dea?s & !y made a def9ite impression on me2 ,i "k x4 ,q4 ,:y did dea? 9 ! l[-pressure *amb] make su* an impression on y8 ,a4 ,9 ! innum]able l[-pressure-*amb] exp]im5ts n only p]=m$ by u1 b ev]y:]e 9 ,g]many 9 o!r in/itutes1 we nev] _h any dea?s at all1 & ! op9ion at t "t 0 t any necess>y problem ( aviation m$ic9e c\ld be solv$ )\t dea?s4 ,q4 ,n[1 h[ did x happ5 t y 7 pres5t at ^! dea?s1 s9ce y say ^! exp]im5ts did n belong to y\r s]ies ( exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,april or 9 ! middle ( ,april1 ,ras*] told me = ! fir/ "t t he 0 p]=m+ exp]im5ts ) sl[ asc5sion & t he _h attempt$ to "w ) ,fahr5kamp b ! "w _h be5 int]rupt$ :5 ! latt] 0 s5t away4 ,i said t _h no?+ to d ) our exp]im5ts & 0 q unimportant & un9t]e/+ f our po9t ( view4 ,he admitt$ t1 b said x 0 a specific "q :i* especially int]e/$ him p]sonally & :i* he _h to "w on4 ,i did n see ^! exp]im5ts1 :i* accord+ to records "h la/$ #h to #aj h\rs4 ,he probably always p]=m$ !m on ! days ,i 0 abs5t because ^! #h to #aj h\rs w\ld h int]f]$ consid]ably ) our exp]im5ts4 ,he exp&$ ^! exp]im5ts & p]=m$ "t-res]ve exp]im5ts at c]ta9 altitudes to te/ ! adaptation :i* he _h be5 te/+ be=e 9 ! sl[-asc5sion exp]im5ts4 ,?is 0 an exp]im5t 9 :i* ! subject rema9s at ! same altitude1 9 contra/ to ! fall+ or s9k+ exp]im5ts :]e ! pressure is con/antly increas$1 t is1 :5 ! altitude is decreas$4 ,z 8 int]im reports %[1 he ext5d$ ^! exp]im5ts to high altitudes & ! "t res]ve 0 /udi$ ei!r ) or )\t oxyg54 ,! sugge/ion = ?is 9 "p came obvi\sly f o!r "w1 su* z t ( ,dr4 ,kli*es4 ,i sometimes obs]v$ ^! exp]im5ts4 ,he p]=m$ !m correctly2 he wat*$ ! subjects s t !re 01 9 itself1 no objection to ^! exp]im5ts4 ,! only ?+ 0 t !y int]f]$ ) our exp]im5ts f ! po9t ( view ( "t1 & ,ras*]'s lack ( punctuality 0 a mu* great] annoyance 9 ?is respect4 ,accord+ to ! docum5ts1 z well z ! witness ,neff1 ,ras*] app>5tly _h dea?s 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,! fir/ dea?s 7 evid5tly unexpect$4 ,9 ^! unexpect$ dea?s ! electroc>diogram & ! autopsy f9d+s1 toge!r ) 8 reports1 app>5tly gave ,himml] ! idea t ^! exp]im5ts %\ld be c>ri$ on fur!r1 & 9 addition t ,fahr5kamp %\ld be call$ 9 to ext5d !m z f> z possible sci5tifically4 ,! fact t ,himml] 0 cov]+ !m app>5tly induc$ him 9 my pres5ce to p]=m exp]im5ts :i* 7 dang]\s1 & 9 :i* dea?s occurr$4 ,! fact t ,i _h be5 pres5t sev]al times at previ\s exp]im5ts br\ght ab\t my pres5ce at t fatal exp]im5t1 too4 ,q4 ,did y n ?9k x unusual t dur+ an exp]im5tal s]ies :i* y & ,ras*] 7 to c>ry out toge!r1 ,himml] sudd5ly gave ,ras*] ord]s = special exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i did n h any specific exp]i5ce 9 ?is direction1 b on pr9ciple x is no?+ unusual if :5 two p are work+ toge!r on a c]ta9 job1 "o ( !m receives an additional assignm5t f 8 *ief to c>ry out o!r "w on 8 own4 ,9 addition1 ,ras*] 0 also work+ 9 ,s*ongau at ! same "t on behalf ( ,luftgau ,,vii4 ,i1 myself1 _h "w ( my own 9 ! ,,dvl1 :i* my associates 7 c>ry+ on & :i* ,i inquir$ ab\t :5 ,i happ5$ to be 9 ,b]l94 ,no "o c\ld dispute ! fact t ,himml]1 z ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,police & z ,ras*]'s boss ins(> z he 0 an ,,ss memb]1 _h ! "r to give assignm5ts to 8 subord9ates & to ord] !m to c>ry out exp]im5ts on exp]im5tal subjects 9 a conc5tration camp4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,n[1 9 y\r op9ion1 :at is ! di/9ction betwe5 y\r pres5ce at ! exp]im5ts on rescue f high altitudes & y\r occasional pres5ce dur+ ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,9 ! exp]im5ts on rescue f high altitudes ,i 0 n m]ely pres5t4 ,i p]=m$ ! exp]im5ts myself4 ,t is1 ,i call$ ! exp]im5tal subjects myself1 or sometimes ,ras*] call$ !m4 ,( c\rse1 !n ,i expla9$ to ! p :at !y _h to d1 :at !y _h to write1 :at !y _h to pay special att5tion to1 & t :5 !y regi/]$ ! electroc>diogram1 9 ord] n to int]f]e ) x1 !y _h to keep /ill2 & !n :5 ! exp]im5t _h />t$ ,i direct$ ! exp]im5t myself4 ,i wat*$ ! altitude ( ! m]cury indicator1 & ! calculat$ spe$ ( asc5sion & desc5sion1 :i* ,i *eck$ ) ! /op wat*4 ,( c\rse1 at ! same "t ,i obs]v$ ! subject1 9 o!r words1 ! p]sons 9 ! exp]im5ts4 ,9 ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts :i* 7 at a c]ta9 altitude--t is1 ! subjects 7 asc5d$ to a c]ta9 altitude & !n rema9$ at t altitude--,i sometimes wat*$ if ,i happ5$ to be 9 ! l[-pressure *amb]1 b o!rwise he p]=m$ ^! exp]im5ts alone j z he did :5 ,i 0 n pres5t4 ,he ev5 laid great /ress on p]=m+ !m alone4 ,x is cle> to me n[ t he did n want me to obs]ve any special results2 t is app>5tly :y he p]=m$ ! o!r exp]im5ts 9 ! ev5+ or :5 ,i 0 away4 ,q4 ,aft] ! fir/ dea? 0 !re an autopsy8 ,a4 ,yes1 !re 0 an autopsy4 ,q4 ,did y p>ticipate 9 x8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i did n p>ticipate4 ,i 0 pres5t & ,i wat*$ ! autopsy4 ,q4 ,:y did y wat* ! autopsy if x 0 n y\r exp]im5t8 ,a4 ,today1 ( c\rse1 x looks diff]5t ?an x did at ! "t4 ,x 0 a matt] ( c\rse = me !n4 ,ras*] 0 a colleague ( m9e4 ,he _h _h a fatal accid5t 9 8 exp]im5ts4 ,he ask$ me to wat* ! autopsy1 &1 ( c\rse1 ,i w5t4 ,i also _h a q natural sci5tific int]e/ 9 ! cause ( dea?1 & 9 ! f9d+s1 & ,i admit x frankly1 al?\gh ,i am aw>e ( ! dang] t someone may say ,i 0 int]e/$ 9 ! dea? ( ! p]son too1 b x happ5s 9 e hospital2 all doctors wat* ! autopsies4 ,if1 = example1 9 ! surgical w>d1 a pati5t di$ aft] an op]ation1 !n ! *ief physician1 or if he _h no "t1 ! s5ior physician1 & ! o!r doctors :o _h no?+ specifically to d ) ! pati5t1 wat*$ ! autopsy1 & g5]ally ev5 ,x-ray doctors came ov] :o didn't "k ! pati5t at all4 ,besides if ,i _h n be5 pres5t1 t w\ld today be consid]$ z an incompreh5sible lack ( int]e/ 9 ! dea?--if ,i _h n accept$ ,ras*]'s invitation4 ,if su* a dea? happ5$ dur+ a c5trifugal exp]im5t 9 our in/itute1 if su* an accid5t _h happ5$ :i* 0 n 9 my field ( "w1 ,i c]ta9ly w\ld h gone to wat* ! autopsy4 ,"o mu/ le>n f ! f9d+s2 t is "o's duty z a doctor4 ,"o has to look at su* ?+s s t "o c draw "o's own conclusions & be able to avoid subsequ5t accid5ts4 ,q4 ,did y see any fur!r autopsies ( ,ras*]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:y n8 ,a4 ,aft] ?is dea? !re 0 a basic *ange 9 my attitude t[>d ,ras*] & ! plan to break (f ! exp]im5ts1 s t 9 ! case ( lat] dea?s ,i 0 n pres5t because ( ?is attitude4 ,i d n believe he invit$ me to ! autopsies ei!r1 & "u ! conditions 9 ,da*au ,i c\ld n g !re on my own initiative4 ,q4 ,did y ask ,ras*] h[ ?is dea? came ab\t1 or did y w>n him be=e ! dea?8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i h already said ,i 0 pres5t at ! exp]im5ts j z ,i _h sometimes be5 pres5t at ! o!r s]ies ( 8 exp]im5ts1 purely out ( curiosity1 j z 9 our in/itute if c5trifugal exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$1 ,i sometimes wat*$ !m1 too4 ,!re 0 no reason = di/ru/ b at t "t ,i j wat*$ ! exp]im5ts out ( curiosity4 ,t 0 h[ x happ5$ t ,i 0 pres5t by accid5t at ! exp]im5t & look$ at ! electroc>diogram ( ?is subject4 ,on ! scre5 ( ! electroc>diograph "o c see a little po9t ( light :i* moves1 & t is det]m9$ by ! he>t action4 ,:5 x seem$ to me t x 0 gett+ dang]\s1 t ! he>t action 0 less5+1 ,i said to ,ras*]3 8,y _h bett] /op n[40 ,q4 ,& :at did ,ras*] d8 ,a4 ,no?+4 ,he kept t altitude & lat] dea? sudd5ly occurr$4 ,q4 ,:5 y obs]v$ ! electroc>diogram 0 x q cle> to y t ! p]son w\ld die 9 ! next second8 ,a4 ,no1 ( c\rse n4 ,fir/ ( all ,i _h nev] se5 a dea? f high altitude4 ,t 0 ! fir/ "o ,i ev] saw4 ,i c\ldn't "k t1 &1 9 ! second place1 ?is dea? c]ta9ly result$ f a]o-embolism &1 !re=e1 sudd5ly4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ! electroc>diogram *ange 01 %all we say1 d\btful4 ,i myself w\ld h /opp$ ! exp]im5t at ?is /age b he didn't4 ,i only spoke up because ,i w\ld h /opp$ ! exp]im5t at t mom5t4 ,q4 ,did y speak to ,ras*] ab\t ?is aft] ! exp]im5t8 ,a4 ,x 0 n possible = me to object 9 view ( ,ras*]'s position1 b ,i told him t su* ?+s %\ld n happ54 ,q4 ,& :at else did y d8 ,a4 ,aft] ?is dea? ,i w5t to ,b]l9 & told ,ruff ab\t x4 ,ruff agre$ ) me t dea? %\ld n be all[$ to occur 9 high-altitude exp]im5ts & x _h nev] occurr$ be=e4 ,s9ce ,ras*]1 h[ev]1 p]=m$ ^! exp]im5ts = ,himml] on m5 :o 7 condemn$ to dea?1 we saw no way ( prev5t+ ,ras*] aft] we _h made an (ficial report4 ,9 g5]al :5 objections 7 made ,ras*] simply ref]r$ to ! ord]s f ,himml] & to ! fact t he 0 cov]$ by !m4 ,x 0 q impossible to remove ! *amb] f ,da*au aga9/ ,himml]'s & ,ras*]'s w4 ,& to give ?is dea? z a reason = remov+ ! *amb] 0 ev5 m impossible4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,himml] w\ld n h react$4 ,he w\ld c]ta9ly n h giv5 up ! *amb]4 ,he might h />t$ proce$+s = treason or = sabotage ( an ess5tial w> exp]im5t4 ,9 fact1 ,i _h report$ ?is to ,ruff aga9/ my signature to ! contr>y 9 a conc5tration camp4 ,l e o!r visitor to a conc5tration camp ,i _h to sign a /atem5t to ! effect t ev]y?+ ,i saw & s =? 9 ! camp w\ld be secret4 ,besides1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! exp]im5ts ,ras*] _h receiv$ a special telegram f ,himml] ord]+ sil5ce ab\t ^! exp]im5ts4 ,a specific obligation to secrecy 0 /r5g!n$ by ?is ord] f ,himml]4 ,s9ce ,i _h report$ ! matt] to ,ruff aga9/ ! secrecy obligation1 ,i also _h to be cov]$ 9 ?is respect1 & = ?is reason aga9 we c\ld n give ! dea? z ! reason = remov+ ! *amb] f ,da*au1 aside f ! fact x w\ld n h met ) success4 ,!re=e1 aft] "s consid]ation we decid$ t ! only possibility 0 = ,ruff to g to ,mil* or ,hippke & ask to h ! *amb] remov$1 giv+ ! excuse t x 0 ne$$ at ! front4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i 0 to conclude our exp]im5ts quickly s t ,himml] c\ld be told t ! exp]im5ts 7 f9i%$ & t we c\ld prove ?is s t we c\ld claim ! "r to remove ! *amb] f ,da*au4 ,o!rwise ,himml] w\ld d\btless h ord]$ ! exp]im5ts to be cont9u$ until ! orig9al goal _h be5 rea*$1 t is1 ! cl>ification ( ! "q ( rescue f high altitudes1 & he w\ld d\btless h gone to ,go]+ or ev5 ,hitl] & arrang$ to keep ! *amb] long]4 ,he w\ld h said t ! use ( ?is *amb] at ! front 0 unimportant comp>$ to its use at ,da*au 9 ! exp]im5ts1 & he w\ld n h releas$ ! *amb]4 ,if ,i myself _h n gone back to ,da*au1 !n ,ras*] w\ld h c>ri$ out ! exp]im5ts on rescue f high altitudes alone2 & he w\ld d\btless also h cont9u$ 8 own exp]im5ts4 ,t 0 ! reason :y ,i reluctantly w5t back to ,da*au4 ,q4 ,n[1 :at 0 ! purpose ( y\r trip to ,b]l98 ,a4 ,! purpose 0 ?is report to ,ruff4 ,q4 ,0 t ! only purpose8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,h[ did y expla9 ?is trip to ,ras*]8 ,a4 ,i told ,ras*] t ,i 0 go+ because ( my wife's condition4 ,my wife _h _h a *ild 9 ,m>*1 & t 0 a good reason = my go+ to ,b]l94 ,q4 ,h[ long 7 y 9 ,b]l98 ,a4 ,only #a or #b days2 !n ,i w5t back to ,da*au4 ,q4 ,n[1 be=e y left did y make sure :e!r ,ruff _h done any?+ 9 response to y\r report1 :e!r he _h done any?+ to get ! *amb] out ( ,da*au8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,ruff tri$ to get ,hippke b 0 n able to at t "t1 s t ,i really did n "k :at 0 go+ on & :at w\ld be accompli%$4 ,q4 ,did y notice any?+ special ab\t ! *amb] :5 y came back to ,da*au8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,:5 ,i came back1 ! b>omet] 0 brok51 z ,neff has already said2 & ,i _h to g "r back to ,b]l9 to h ! b>omet] repair$4 ,q4 ,h[ long did y /ay 9 ,b]l9 ?is "t8 ,a4 ,z long z ! repair requir$2 ab\t #b weeks4 ,q4 ,!n dur+ ?is "t !re 7 no exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:5 did ! exp]im5ts beg9 aga98 ,a4 ,! beg9n+ ( ,may or ! middle ( ,may ,i w5t back ) ! repair$ app>atus2 !n we conclud$ ! exp]im5ts z quickly z possible4 ,q4 ,did y abbreviate ! program :i* y _h plann$1 or did y *ange x 9 any way1 or did y keep x ! way x 08 ,a4 ,no4 ,we %ort5$ x4 ,we _h few] exp]im5ts at ! v>i\s altitudes 9 ord] to conclude ! :ole ?+ z quickly z possible b 9 su* a way t x 0 actually complet$ ) adequate results4 ,q4 ,:5 0 ! second dea? at :i* y 7 pres5t8 ,a4 ,t 0 a few days aft] my return to ,da*au4 ,q4 ,did ! dea? ( ! exp]im5tal subject occur 9 a mann] simil> to ! fir/ case8 ,a4 ,9 g5]al1 yes4 ,i don't "k exactly :at happ5$4 ,z f> z ,i recall1 x 0 an exp]im5t at a r high altitude1 & dea? occurr$ quick]1 m sudd5ly4 ,q4 ,& :5 0 ! ?ird dea? at :i* y 7 pres5t8 ,a4 ,t 0 "r aft] t1 on ! next day1 or ! second day4 ,q4 ,aft] ^! dea?s1 did y ev] h any argum5ts ) ,ras*] ab\t 8 exp]im5ts & ! way 9 :i* he p]=m$ !m8 ,a4 ,yes1 we _h "s m9or argum5ts result+ f my objections1 :i* he always refus$ to accept2 b aft] ! ?ird dea? :5 ,i />t$ to object aga91 he said fir/ t ,himml] _h ord]$ x & ,i wasn't to int]f]e4 ,:5 ,i lat] br\ght ! subject up once m1 he lo/ 8 pati5ce1 & we got r excit$4 ,i ask$ him :y he 0 c>ry+ out ^! exp]im5ts2 :at he want$ to a*ieve4 ,he said he want$ to cl>ify ! problem ( caisson diseases1 t is b5ds or a]o-embolism1 because ,himml] _h ord]$ x4 ,he 0 ! fir/ man to prove ^! air bubbles 9 ! blood dur+ an autopsy "u wat]4 ,also ! "q ( ! electroc>diogram 9 b5ds & altitude sickness _h to be cl>ifi$ z ,himml] _h giv5 him a special assignm5t = x1 & ,fahr5kamp 0 to d ?is "w toge!r ) him4 ,9 addition he want$ to qualify z a pr(essor ) ,s*itt5helm ?r\gh ?is "w4 ,!n he br\ght out a lett] & read to me t ! exp]im5ts 7 to be cont9u$2 t ,pr(essor ,fahr5kamp 0 to be call$ 92 & t p condemn$ to dea? :o surviv$ ! exp]im5ts w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be p>don$4 ,!n he held ! lett] out to me & ask$ me :e!r ,i c\ld read ,himml]'s signature & :e!r ,i wasn't satisfi$ ) t4 ,q4 ,0 ?is ! lett] #aiga-;,b-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ea8 ,a4 ,yes1 #aiga-;,b-,,ps1 z ,prosecution ,exhibit #ea4 ,q4 ,& :at does ?is lett] indicate8 ,a4 ,well1 x %[$ t ,himml] _h actually ord]$ ^! exp]im5ts & t he1 !re=e1 _h complete (ficial cov]age1 t ! subjects 7 to be p>don$4 ,x says 9 ! lett]3 8,( c\rse ! p]son condemn$ to dea? %all be p>don$ to conc5tration camp = life40 ,!n x says t ,fahr5kamp is to be consult$4 ,on ! next page x says t ?is ord] f ,himml] goes to ! ,*ief ( ! ,security ,police & ! ,,sd & to ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gluecks1 ) a copy = _! in=mation4 ,q4 ,did ,ras*] give y any fur!r explanation ( ?is lett]8 ,a4 ,s9ce ?is lett] prev5t$ me f do+ any?+1 ,i calmly ask$ him :at idea he _h ( ^! exp]im5ts1 :at he want$ to d1 :at he want$ to a*ieve4 ,he said t ,dr4 ,fahr5kamp w\ld help him & t he w\ld h electroc>diograms = he>t failure f ! mo/ v>i\s reasons & w\ld comp>e !m ) electroc>diograms 9 ! case ( dea? at high altitudes ) ! *ange 9 sev]e altitude sickness & ) lat] recov]y4 ,9 addition1 9 ! hospital 9 ,muni* he _h tak5 electroc>diograms 9 cases ( he>t failure4 ,9 ,da*au1 he said1 he _h also regi/]$ electroc>diograms :5 !re 7 executions by %oot+4 ,if he really _h evaluat$ all ?is mat]ial toge!r ) a he>t speciali/1 !n x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h be5 q valuable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,n[1 did y d any?+1 & :at did y d 9 ord] to /op ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts & did y incur any dang] &1 if s1 :at8 ,a4 ,:at ,i did aga9/ ,himml]'s ord]s & aga9/ my sign$ promise to keep secrecy1 ! fact t ,i report$ ! incid5ts to my boss :o pass$ ! in=mation on--all ?is 0 dang]\s4 ,"o probably und]/&s en\gh ab\t conditions "u ,himml] to realize t4 ,! witness ,neff has describ$ my attitude to ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts4 ,he confirm$ t ,i int]v5$ 9 "o case :5 he 0 pres5t4 ,p]haps he kn[s no?+ ab\t my o!r objections4 ,9 g5]al1 ! discussions betwe5 ,ras*] & myself did n take place 9 ! pres5ce ( ! prison]s4 ,! l[-pressure *amb] 0 remov$ f ,da*au e>li] ?an int5d$ at our in/igation4 ,aga9/ ,ras*]'s & ,himml]'s wi%es1 x 0 nev] return$ to ,da*au4 ,! ext5t ( ! accusations made by ! ,,ss 9 ?is direction is %[n by ! docum5t4 ,^! ef=ts beg9 ) ,wolff's telegram to ,mil* on #ab ,may1 :i* is answ]$ 9 ! negative 9 ,mil*'s lett] ( #bj ,may4 7#cdc-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fb47 ,9 answ] to fur!r ef=ts f ,himml]1 ,mil* ord]$ t ! *amb] 0 to rema9 #b mon?s long] 9 ,da*au4 7,,no-#bfa1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fc47 ,at ?is "t1 we _h already remov$ ! *amb]4 ,on #e ,june1 ,ras*] aga9 writes to ,himml] ab\t ! l[-pressure *amb]4 ,docum5t ,,no-#bhd1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #fd1 is ! answ] to ?is lett] ( #e ,june4 ,! lett] itself is1 un=tunately1 n available4 ,?is lett]1 no d\bt1 says t ! *amb] 0 remov$ f ,da*au 9 ,may1 :ile ! prosecution alleges t ! exp]im5ts cont9u$ until ,augu/4 ,!n !re is a c]ta9 pause 9 ,ras*]'s & ,himml]'s ef=ts1 because ,ras*] is busy ) ! cold exp]im5ts4 ,:5 ! film is %[n 9 ,b]l9 9 ! ,air ,m9i/ry1 ,ras*] does n =get to tell ,mil* aga9 ( 8 wi%es 9 reg>d to ! l[-pressure *amb]4 ,b h>dly has ! fir/ phase ( ! cold exp]im5ts--! s]ies ) ,holzloehn]--be5 f9i%$1 :5 he writes to ,himml] aga9 on #i ,octob]4 7#afaj-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gc47 ,he asks ,himml] to get him ! l[-pressure *amb] s t he c cont9ue 8 exp]im5ts & qualify z a pr(essor4 ,9 ! lett] ( #ba ,octob] #aidb 7,,no-#bbf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ge71 ,siev]s writes to ,br&t ab\t ! cont9uation ( ! high-altitude exp]im5ts :i* ,himml] wants1 b kn[+ ( ! exi/+ difficulties1 or = o!r reasons1 he adds t ,himml] w no d\bt h to write to ,mil* p]sonally 9 ord] actually to get ! *amb]4 ,?is happ5s on #bg ,novemb] #aidb 7,,no-#bfi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gh7--;a lett] f ,wolff to ,mil*1 on behalf ( ,himml]4 ,! def9ite reque/ = ! l[-pressure *amb]1 :i* is express$ 9 ?is lett]1 is giv5 def9ite emphasis by m5tion ( ! opposition ( ! ,luftwaffe doctors4 ,i le>n$ f a telephone call f ,siev]s1 :i* he m5tion$ 9 8 te/imony1 t he 0 to buy a l[-pressure *amb] = ,ras*] on behalf ( ,himml]4 ,i 0 greatly a/oni%$ at ?is telephone call at ! "t1 because ,i knew v well t ,ras*] c]ta9ly didn't want to h ?is made public 9 any way4 ,n[1 ?is telephone call has be5 cle>$ up4 ,!n ,i in=m$ ,ruff ( ?is call & he _h ,beck]-,freys5g take fur!r /eps1 z he said "h ye/]day4 ,9 an (ficial lett] to v>i\s ,,ss ag5cies1 dat$ #ac ,decemb] #aidb 7#afab-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gi71 ,ras*] is giv5 ! assignm5t by ,himml] p]sonally to c>ry out high-altitude exp]im5ts4 ,on #ad ,m>* #aidc 7,,no-#bgj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aaj71 ,ras*] tells ( 8 discussions ) ,hippke & aga9 says t he wants to c>ry out l[-pressure *amb] exp]im5ts1 toge!r ) me2 & f9ally1 on #ah ,novemb] #aidc 7,,no-#ajeg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dfc71 he tries aga91 ?r\gh ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil 9 agreem5t ) ,himml]1 to get a mobile l[-pressure *amb] 9 ord] to c>ry out exp]im5ts4 ,^? are ,ras*]'s & ,himml]'s ef=ts b1 nev]!less1 ,ras*] nev] aga9 _h a l[-pressure *amb] at 8 disposal = exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,well1 :at d y want to prove by ^! /atem5ts8 ,a4 ,?is no d\bt proves cle>ly h[ great ,ras*]'s & ,himml]'s ef=ts 7 & t my conduct "u ^! circum/ances 0 n only n c[>dly1 b t x 0 mu* m clev] & mu* m successful4 ,ev5 if ,i _h _h any legal obligations to prev5t him by =ce1 if ,i _h _h any obligations to attack ,ras*] & if ,i _h tri$ & be5 unsuccessful1 !n ,i w\ld h be5 lock$ up or kill$ & ,ras*] w\ld h be5 able to cont9ue 8 exp]im5ts = a long "t )\t any re/riction4 ,q4 ,at t "t1 0 !re any possibility 9 ,g]many to resi/1 & 9 :at did y see su* possibility8 ,a4 ,!re 7 only ?ree types ( resi/ance possible4 ,fir/ ( all1 emigration = a p]son :o 0 able2 second1 op5 resi/ance :i* meant a conc5tration camp or ! dea? p5alty1 & to my k1 nev] met ) any success2 ?ird1 passive resi/ance by app>5t yield+1 misplac+ & delay+ ord]s1 criticism among "o's fri5ds1 9 %ort1 :at writ]s today call 8int]nal emigration40 ,b t really doesn't h mu* to d ) ! "q4 ,z f> z ! direct "q ( prev5tion is conc]n$1 ,i w\ld l to say some?+ m4 ,to take a comp>ison f ! m$ical field1 x is unkn[n to me & ,i _c imag9e1 = example1 t an assi/ant ( a sci5tific rese>* work] :o is p]=m+ infections ) a fatal disease1 = example1 leprosy1 on a prison]1 t ?is assi/ant %\ld prev5t ! sci5ti/ f c>ry+ out ?is infection by =ce--p]haps by knock+ ! hypod]mic syr+e out ( 8 h& & cry+ 8,y mu/n't d t1 ! man might die60 ,i c\ld imag9e t "s assi/ant might1 = p]sonal reasons1 refuse to p>ticipate 9 su* exp]im5ts1 b ,i _c imag9e t if !re 7 a trial aga9/ ?is doctor ! prosecution w\ld dem& t ! assi/ant %\ld h prev5t$ ! sci5ti/ 9 ?is mann]4 ,q4 ,!n1 y are conv9c$ t prev5tion by =ce 0 impossible8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,b c\ld y n h fil$ *>ges1 = example1 ) ! police or ) ! public prosecutor1 aga9/ ,ras*]8 ,a4 ,yes1 ( c\rse1 ,i c\ld h1 b if ,i _h gone !re & said1 8,ras*] has p]=m$ exp]im5ts ord]$ by ,himml]--by ! ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,police & :atev] else he 0--! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ! ,/ate ,secret>y 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior10 !y w\ld probably h said3 8,well1 we c't d any?+ ab\t x4 ,if he has ord]s1 !n we c't d any?+ ab\t x40 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #ah ,jews :o _h _h sexual int]c\rse ) ,g]man wom5 ) _! cons5t4 #ai ,v simil> argum5ts 7 advanc$ by c\nsel = def5dant ,romb]g4 #bj ,! witness ,neff 0 call$ to te/ify z a ,tribunal witness & n z a prosecution witness4 #ba ,see ,vol4 ,,ii1 judgm5t is case ( ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,erh>d ,mil*4 #bb ,la/ s5t5ce is cross$ out & replac$ by "o 9 ,g]man %or?&4 #bc ,translator's ,note3 8,t]m9al0 z us$ "h means 8result+ 9 dea?04 #bd ,^! /udies 7 c>ri$ out 9 conjunction ) ! rese>* & educational society 8,ahn5]be40 #be ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 ,decemb] #ag-ah1 #aidg1 pp4 #eie-fie4 #bf ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 ,m>* #bd1 #be1 & #bf1 #aidg1 pp4 #dhfi-diid4 #bg ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 ,may #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 & #f1 #aidg1 pp4 #fgfd-gjcb4 #b4 ,,freez+ ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,s*ro$]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 & ,weltz 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ freez+ exp]im5ts 7p>4 #f 7,b7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,h&los]1 ,s*ro$]1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 & ,siev]s 7 convict$4 ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,gebh>dt1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 & ,weltz 7 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! freez+ exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its f9al brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,siev]s4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on pages #aii to #bjf4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! clos+ briefs = ! def5dants ,siev]s & ,weltz4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #bjg to #bag4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #bai to #bgh4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,siev]s ,freez+ ,exp]im5ts ,be=e ! high-altitude exp]im5ts _h actually be5 complet$1 ! freez+ exp]im5ts 7 ord]$ to be p]=m$ by ! def5dant ,weltz & 8 subord9ate ,ras*]4 ,?is c be se5 f a lett] ( #bj ,may #aidb f ,mil* to ,k>l ,wolff4 7#cdc-;,a-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #fb47 ,a %ort "t lat]1 ,ras*] _h a conf]5ce ) ,hippke & ! exp]im5tal team 0 *ang$ to include ,j>is*1 ,holzloehn]1 & ,s+]4 ,ras*] report$ ^! ord]s to ,himml] on #ae ,june #aidb1 & pass$ on ,hippke's reque/ to h ! exp]im5ts conduct$ 9 ,da*au4 ,he /at$3 8,x 0 also decid$ t ! inspector ,hippke w\ld issue ord]s to me at all times dur+ ! exp]im5ts40 7,,no-#bhc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hb47 ,! rese>* assignm5t 0 issu$ by ! ,dep>tm5t = ,aviation ,m$ic9e 7#b ,,ii ,b7 "u ,an?ony1 ) ! def5dant ,beck]-,freys5g z 8 deputy4 7,,no-#bhf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hh47 ,! cold-wat] freez+ exp]im5ts began on #ae ,augu/ #aidb & cont9u$ until ! e>ly "p ( #aidc4 ,!y 7 p]=m$ by ,holzloehn]1 ,f9ke1 & ,ras*]1 all ( :om 7 (fic]s 9 ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke collaborat$ ) ,ras*] until ,decemb] #aidb4 ,z ,ras*] said 9 a pap] on 8 m$ical tra9+3 8,by ord] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ,g5]alob]/abs>zt ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hippke1 ,i conduct$ #8,exp]im5ts = ! ,rescue ( ,froz5 ,p]sons' 7/>t$ on #ae ,augu/ #aidb71 9 coop]ation--= #d mon?s--) ! ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,holzloehn] & ,dr4 ,f9ke bo? ( ,kiel ,univ]sity40 7,,no-#bcj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aae47 ,ras*] also said t3 8,s9ce ,may #aici till today ,i h be5 9 milit>y s]vice ) ! ,air ,=ce40 ,! memor&um 0 dat$ #ag ,may #aidc4 ,x %\ld !re=e be borne 9 m9d t dur+ all ( ! high-altitude & sub/antially all ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts1 ,ras*] 0 on active duty ) ! ,luftwaffe1 n ! ,,ss4 ,x 0 n until aft] ,may #aidc t he w5t on active duty ) ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,he 0 ( c\rse support$ by bo? ! ,luftwaffe & ! ,,ss 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,! witness ,neff1 :o 0 an inmate assi/ant 9 ! exp]im5ts1 te/ifi$ t freez+ exp]im5ts 9 ! conc5tration camp ,da*au />t$ at ! end ( ,july or 9 ,augu/ #aidb4 ,!y 7 conduct$ by ,ras*]1 ,holzloehn]1 & ,f9ke4 ,9 ,octob]1 ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke left & ,ras*] proce$$ alone to conduct freez+ exp]im5ts until ,may #aidc4 ,ras*]1 ,holzloehn]1 & ,f9ke us$ ice-cold wat] = _! freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,! exp]im5tal bas9 _h be5 built #b met]s long & #b met]s high 9 ,ras*]'s exp]im5tal /ation1 ,block #e4 7,tr4 pp4 #fbf-h47 ,! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! bas9 0 fill$ ) wat] & ice 0 add$ until ! wat] measur$ #c ,c4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects1 ei!r dress$ 9 a fly+ suit or nak$1 7 plac$ into ! ice wat]4 ,n>cotics 7 frequ5tly n us$4 ,x always took a c]ta9 "t until s-call$ 8freez+ n>cosis0 made ! exp]im5tal subjects unconsci\s1 & ! subjects suff]$ t]ribly4 ,! temp]ature ( ! victims 0 measur$ rectally & ?r\gh ! /oma* by galvanomet]4 ,!y lo/ consci\sness at a body temp]ature ( approximately #cc ,c4 ,! exp]im5ts actually progress$ until ! exp]im5tal p]sons 7 *ill$ d[n to #be ,c4 body temp]ature4 ,an exp]im5t on two ,russian (fic]s :o 7 expos$ nak$ to ! ice-cold wat] 9 ! bas9 0 p>ticul>ly brutal4 ,^! two ,russians 7 /ill consci\s aft] #b h\rs4 ,ras*] refus$ to adm9i/] an injection4 ,:5 "o ( ! inmates :o att5d$ ! exp]im5t tri$ to adm9i/] an anae/hetic to ^! two victims1 ,ras*] ?reat5$ him ) a pi/ol4 ,bo? exp]im5tal subjects di$ aft] hav+ be5 expos$ at lea/ #e h\rs to ! t]rible cold4 7,tr4 pp4 #fbi-fca47 ,approximately #bhj to #cjj exp]im5tal subjects 7 us$ = ?is type ( freez+ exp]im5t1 b 9 reality1 #cfj to #djj exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ s9ce _m exp]im5tal subjects 7 us$ two or ?ree times = exp]im5ts4 ,approximately #hj to #ij exp]im5tal subjects di$4 ,ab\t #ej to #fj inmates 7 us$ 9 ! ,holzloehn]-,f9ke-,ras*] exp]im5ts & approximately #ae to #ah ( !m di$4 ,political prison]s1 non-,g]man nationals1 & prison]s ( w> 7 us$ = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,_m ( ! inmates us$ _h n be5 8condemn$ to dea?40 ,! subjects did n volunte] = ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #fbg-h47 ,ev5 ?\gh "o assumes t prison]s condemn$ to dea? 7 us$ 9 all ( ! exp]im5ts1 :i* is n true1 ! 8def5se0 t !y volunte]$ on ! agreem5t t _! s5t5ces w\ld be commut$ to life imprisonm5t is invalid4 ,dur+ ! high-altitude exp]im5ts1 ,himml] _h direct$ t 9 fur!r exp]im5ts :]e ! long cont9u$ he>t activity ( subjects :o 7 kill$ 0 obs]v$1 crim9als condemn$ to dea? %\ld be us$ &1 if !y 7 reviv$1 !y %\ld be 8p>don$0 to conc5tration camp = life4 7#aiga-;,b-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ea47 ,ras*] app>5tly con/ru$ ?is ord] to apply to ! freez+ exp]im5ts also4 ,on #bj ,octob] #aidb1 ,ras*] advis$ ,rudolf ,br&t t until !n only ,poles & ,russians _h be5 us$ = su* exp]im5ts & t only "s ( ^! p]sons _h be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,he inquir$ :e!r ,himml]'s 8amne/y0 appli$ to ,russians & ,poles4 7#aiga-;,d-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eb47 ,br&t told him t x did n apply4 7#aiga-;,e-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ec47 ,dry-freez+ exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out by ,ras*] 9 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 & ,m>* #aidc4 ,"o exp]im5tal subject 0 plac$ on a /ret*] at night & expos$ to ! cold outdoors4 ,he 0 cov]$ ) a l95 %eet1 b a bucket ( cold wat] 0 p\r$ ov] him e h\r4 ,he rema9$ outdoors until ! morn+ & !n 8 temp]ature 0 tak5 ) a !rmomet]4 ,9 ! next s]ies ! exp]im5tal plan 0 *ang$1 & exp]im5tal p]sons _h to rema9 nak$ outdoors = long h\rs )\t be+ cov]$ up at all4 ,"o s]ies 0 c>ri$ out on #aj prison]s :o _h to rema9 outdoors ov]night4 ,ras*] himself 0 pres5t dur+ approximately #ah to #bj exp]im5ts ( t type4 ,approximately ?ree exp]im5tal subjects di$ z a result ( ! dry-freez+ exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #fcf-g47 ,on ! ord] ( ,grawitz & ,ras*]1 a mass exp]im5t on #ajj exp]im5tal subjects 0 to be c>ri$ out4 ,z ,ras*] 0 n pres5t1 ,neff 0 9 ! position to fru/rate ! exp]im5t by tak+ ! exp]im5tal subjects indoors1 & !re=e no dea?s occurr$ dur+ ?is exp]im5tal s]ies4 ,! longe/ p]iod t exp]im5tal subjects 7 kept outdoors 9 ! cold 0 f #f p4 m4 ( "o day to #i a4 m4 ( ! foll[+ morn+4 ,! l[e/ temp]ature ,neff c recollect dur+ ! dry-freez+ exp]im5ts 0 #be body temp]ature4 ,z ,ras*] _h prohibit$ t exp]im5ts 7 to be c>ri$ out "u anae/hetics1 ! exp]im5tal subjects suff]$ great pa9 & scream$ to su* an ext5t t x 0 impossible to c>ry out fur!r exp]im5ts4 ,ras*] !re=e reque/$ ,himml]'s p]mission to c>ry out su* exp]im5ts 9 ! future 9 ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp4 ,non-,g]man nationals & political prison]s 7 among ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,none ( !m 0 s5t5c$ to dea?4 ,!y _h n volunte]$ = ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #fcg-i47 ,9 connection ) ! freez+ exp]im5ts1 ,neff fur!r te/ifi$ t 9 ,septemb] #aidb he receiv$ ord]s f ,siev]s to take ! he>ts & lungs ( five exp]im5tal subjects :o _h be5 kill$ 9 ! exp]im5ts to ,pr(essor ,hirt 9 ,/rasb\rg = fur!r sci5tific /udy4 ,! travel w>rant = ,neff _h be5 made out by ,siev]s1 & ! ,ahn5]be ,society paid ! exp5ses = ! transf] ( ! bodies4 ,"o ( ! five exp]im5tal subjects kill$ _h be5 a ,dut* citiz54 7,tr4 p4 #fcc47 ,siev]s visit$ ! exp]im5tal /ation q frequ5tly dur+ ! freez+ exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #fce47 ,neff's te/imony is corroborat$ by ! affidavits ( ! def5dants ,rudolf ,br&t & ,beck]-,freys5g 7,,no-#bdb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hj2 ,,no-#ddh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ha7 & ! te/imony ( ! witness ,lutz 7,tr4 pp4 #bff-gf71 ,vieweg 7,tr4 p4 #dca71 & ,mi*al[sky 7,tr4 pp4 #hgh-hc71 & by ! docum5t>y evid5ce 9 ! record4 ,on #ae ,june #aidb1 ,ras*] in=m$ ,himml] t ! ,inspector ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ,hippke1 s\ght p]mission = cold exp]im5ts to be conduct$ by ,ras*] & ,holzloehn] 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp4 7,,no-#bhc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hb47 ,on #aj ,septemb] #aidb1 ,ras*] submitt$ 8 fir/ int]m$i>y report on ! freez+ exp]im5ts to ,himml]4 ,9 ! cov]+ lett] ,ras*] /at$ t ,holzloehn]1 :o p>ticipat$ 9 ! execution ( ! exp]im5ts on behalf ( ! ,luftwaffe1 int5d$ to lecture on ! subject ( freez+ 9 ! 8cold conf]5ce0 ( ! ,luftwaffe on #bf-bg ,octob] 9 ,nu]nb]g4 ,ras*] in=m$ ,himml] t 8,siev]s1 :o survey$ ! exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au la/ week1 believ$ t if any report 0 to be made at a meet+1 ,i %\ld be call$ ^u to submit ! report40 7,,no-#bcd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hc47 ,! int]m$i>y report itself %[s on its face t fatalities occurr$ z a result ( ! ,ras*]-,holzloehn]-,f9ke exp]im5ts & advocat$ rapid rew>m+ ( sev]ely *ill$ p]sons4 ,ras*] consid]$ t rew>m+ ) animal heat w\ld be too sl[1 & t exp]im5ts 9 ?is respect w\ld be unnecess>y4 ,he voic$ a simil> op9ion z to ! use ( drugs = ! purpose ( rew>m+4 7#afah-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cd47 ,himml]1 :5 ackn[l$g+ ! receipt ( ,ras*]'s report on #bb ,septemb]1 direct$ nev]!less t ! exp]im5t ) rew>m+ by means ( drugs & body heat %\ld be made4 ,a copy ( ?is ord] ( ,himml]'s 0 =w>d$ to ,siev]s on #be ,septemb]4 7#afaa-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #he47 ,on ! basis ( ?is ord] ,ras*] approa*$ ,siev]s to make arrangem5ts = f\r female gypsies to be procur$ at once = ! purpose ( rew>m+ exp]im5tal subjects4 7,,no-#bhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hf47 ,x 0 app>5tly ,siev]s' ef=t 9 ?is reg>d :i* result$ 9 a s]ies ( telegrams to transf] ^! wom5 f ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp to ,da*au4 ,rudolf ,br&t actually direct$ ! transf]4 7#afai-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hg47 ,! f\r wom5 arriv$ 9 ,novemb] #aidb 9 ,da*au4 ,?ree ( !m 7 us$ = rew>m+ ( froz5 exp]im5tal subjects1 "o be+ exclud$ because %e 0 a 8,nordic0 type4 ,t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 n volunte]s is pla9 f a rem>k ( "o ( ^! wom54 8,r half a ye> 9 ! bro!l ?an half a ye> 9 ! conc5tration camp40 7,,no-#cbc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #id47 ,?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 :i* 0 n only murd]\s b obsc5e1 0 c>ri$ out by ,ras*] betwe5 ,novemb] #aidb & ,febru>y #aidc4 ,8 report to ,himml] reveals t "o ( ! exp]im5tal subjects di$ z a result ( ?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 7#afaf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aje47 ,on #h ,octob] #aidb1 ,/abs>zt ,pr(essor ,an?ony ( ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate ( ! ,luftwaffe approa*$ ,himml] ) ! in=mation t ! results ( ! wet-freez+ exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,ras*] 9 coop]ation ) ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke 7 to be lectur$ ^u by ,holzloehn] dur+ ! 8cold conf]5ce0 on #bf-bg ,octob] 9 ,nu]nb]g4 7,,no-#bhf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hh1 comp>e ,,no-#bcd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hc47 ,on #af ,octob] ,ras*] also ask$ ,himml]'s p]mission to release ! results ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts dur+ ^! 8cold conf]5ces40 7,,no-#bbe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hi47 ,on ! same day ,ras*] submitt$ to ,himml] 8 f9al report on ! freez+ exp]im5ts z f> z !y _h be5 c>ri$ out 9 collaboration ) ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke4 ,?is report did n include exp]im5ts = rew>m+ by means ( drugs & ( animal body heat1 :i* at t "t 7 /ill 9 progress4 7#afac-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ij47 ,?is report on 8,cool+ ,exp]im5ts on ,human ,be+s0 by ,holzloehn]1 ,ras*]1 & ,f9ke1 corroborates fully ! te/imony ( ,neff conc]n+ ?is s]ies ( ! wet-freez+ exp]im5ts & proves t _m fatalities occurr$4 ,x %[s t "s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 expos$ to ?is t]rible type ( exp]im5tation )\t receiv+ ane/hetics1 :i* w\ld h alleviat$ _! pa9 consid]ably4 ,! suff]+s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 vividly describ$4 ,foam appe>$ r\nd ! m\?s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects1 & brea?+ difficulties & lung o$ema result$4 ,! cool+ ( ! neck & back ( ! head ( ! exp]im5tal subjects caus$ especially pa9ful s5sations4 ,progressive rigor1 :i* develop$ v /rongly 9 ! arm muscles1 cyanosis1 & total irregul>ity ( ! he>t activity 7 ! symptoms obs]v$ by ! exp]im5t]s4 ,hot ba?s 7 advocat$ z ! be/ treatm5t = sev]ely *ill$ p]sons4 ,fatalities result$ f he>t failure & bra9 o$ema1 & measures = protection aga9/ su* results 7 discuss$ at great l5g?4 7,,no-#dbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ia47 ,siev]s d5i$ t ,ras*] report$ to him on ! freez+ exp]im5ts b admitt$ t he receiv$ occasionally ,ras*]'s reports f ,himml]4 7,tr4 pp4 #efhd-e47 ,b by ! te/imony ( ! witness ,neff x is n only prov$ t ,ras*] submitt$ to ! ,ahn5]be mon?ly1 qu>t]ly1 & semi-annual reports1 describ+ 9 detail ! nature & /atus ( 8 exp]im5tal rese>* 7,tr4 p4 #fce71 b also t ! f9al report ( ,ras*]1 ,holzloehn]1 & ,f9ke 7,,no-#adbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ia7 0 =w>d$ to him4 7,tr4 p4 #fha47 ,on #bd ,octob] ,himml] ackn[l$g$ ! receipt ( ?is report :i* he _h read 8) great int]e/0 & *>g$ ,siev]s ) arrangem5ts = 8! possibility ( evaluation at in/itutes :i* are connect$ ) u40 7#afji-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ib47 ,on #bf & #bg ,octob] #aidb1 ! conf]5ce on 8,m$ical ,problems ,aris+ f ,di/ress at ,sea & ,w9t] ,h>d%ips10 sponsor$ by ! ,inspector ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ,hippke1 "u ! *airman%ip ( ,an?ony & ) ! assi/ance ( ,beck]-,freys5g1 took place 9 ,nu]nb]g4 ,at ?is conf]5ce ,holzloehn] deliv]$ 8 lecture on ! freez+ exp]im5ts "u ! title 8,prophylaxis & ,treatm5t ( ,freez+ 9 ,wat]40 ,! v detail$ cl9ical obs]vations describ$ by him exclud$ ! possibility t only obs]vations on human be+s :o 7 rescu$ _h be5 made1 & made x cle> t exp]im5ts on human be+s _h be5 conduct$4 7,,no-#dja1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ic47 ,moreov]1 ,ras*] made a /atem5t foll[+ ,holzloehn]'s lecture1 :i* cle>ly reveal$ t ! exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out on conc5tration camp inmates4 ,?is report caus$ a s5sation among ! (ficials pres5t at ! lecture4 ,x 0 made cle> t dea?s _h occurr$4 7,tr4 p4 #bgb47 ,siev]s has d5i$ hav+ receiv$ a report on ?is conf]5ce 7,tr4 p4 #efhi71 b ! entry ( #ab ,janu>y 9 8 di>y = ! ye> #aidc %[s t he discuss$ ) ,ras*] ! 8procurem5t ( memor&a on ! conf]5ce conc]n+ ! effects ( cold 9 ,nu]nb]g40 7,,no-#ech1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abb47 ,on #f ,novemb] #aidb1 ,ras*] =w>d$ a memor&um to ,himml]'s p]sonal /aff1 ! (fice ( ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 reg>d+ coop]ation ) ,dr4 ,craem] ( ! ,m$ical ,rese>* ,/ation = ,m\nta9 ,m$ical ,troops at ,/4 ,johann4 ,?is 0 a s*ool subord9at$ to ,h&los] z ,army ,m$ical ,inspector4 ,9 ?is memor&um ,ras*] advocat$ dry-freez+ exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates 9 ! m\nta9 region ( ,bayris*zell4 ,! purpose 0 to inve/igate :e!r injuries ( ! extremities due to freez+ w\ld h a bett] prognosis on p]sons accu/om$ to cold ?an on p]sons unaccu/om$ to x4 ,ras*] said t ,craem] _h he>d ! report 9 ,nu]nb]g & 0 v en?usia/ic ab\t ! exp]im5ts4 ,he reque/$ to see "s 9 progress4 7,,no-#cai1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #if2 #aegi-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ig47 ,himml] gave 8 p]mission = ?is type ( dry-freez+ exp]im5t 9 an ord] dat$ #ac ,decemb] #aidb1 9 :i* he li/s ,ras*]'s assignm5t = ! execution ( high-altitude & ?ree diff]5t types ( freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,copies ( ?is ord] 7 submitt$ to v>i\s ,,ss ag5cies & to ! ,ahn5]be ,society4 7#afab-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gi47 ,himml]'s lett] conta9$ ! foll[+ directive3 8#e4 ,! procurem5t ( ! app>atus ne$$ = all ! exp]im5ts %\ld be discuss$ 9 detail ) ! (fices ( ! ,rei*s>zt ,,ss1 ( ! ,ma9 ,(fice = ,economic ,adm9i/ration1 & ) ! ,ahn5]be4 99 99 990 ,! evid5ce proves t prior to #ba ,octob] #aidc1 ,ras*] receiv$ an assignm5t f ,blome ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil to conduct op5-air freez+ exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#dcb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aai47 ,siev]s aid$ ,ras*] 9 ! matt] ( obta9+ ! location & p]sonnel = ^! exp]im5ts4 7#cedf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abc47 ,on #ac ,janu>y #aidc1 ,ras*] _h a conf]5ce ) ,grawitz & ! def5dant ,popp5dick conc]n+ ! freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,9 ?is conf]5ce ,ras*]'s freez+ exp]im5ts 7 discuss$ 9 detail4 ,he /ress$ ! po9t t he 0 work+ ) ! ,ahn5]be & t he report$ to ! ,ahn5]be4 ,! docum5t>y note ( ,ras*]'s on ?is conf]5ce %[s on its face t wet-freez+ exp]im5ts _h be5 conduct$ by him & t ,grawitz reque/$ him to c>ry out fur!r freez+ exp]im5ts ) dry cold until he w\ld 8h a few hundr$ cases40 ,?is docum5t>y note 0 =w>d$ by ,siev]s to ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t on #bh ,janu>y4 7,,no-#cbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajc47 ,9 8 cov]+ lett] ,siev]s reque/$ ,br&t's op9ion z to :at attitude he & ,ras*] 7 to take 9 respect ( _! position to ,grawitz1 ) ! impli$ reque/ t ,br&t %\ld /r5g!n 8 position ) ,grawitz1 :o consid]$ x 8an unbe>able situation to h a non-physician give in=mation on m$ical matt]s40 ,:at ,siev]s want$ to a*ieve 0 an int]v5tion ( ,br&t ) ,himml] on 8 behalf &1 !re=e1 he /ress$ 8 p]sonal importance by say+3 8,my duty m]ely consi/s 9 smoo?+ ! way = ! rese>* m5 & see+ t ! tasks ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss are c>ri$ out 9 ! quicke/ possible way4 ,on "o ?+ ,i c]ta9ly c =m an op9ion--t is1 on :o is do+ ! quicke/ job4 8,if ?+s are to g on 9 ! future z ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,grawitz desires1 ,i am afraid t ,dr4 ,ras*]'s "w w n cont9ue to advance z fa/ & unhamp]$ z hi!rto40 7,,no-#cbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajc47 ,on #ag ,febru>y1 ,ras*] =w>d$ 8 report on ! results ( ! exp]im5t 9 :i* animal w>m? 0 us$ = ! rew>m+ ( sev]ely *ill$ p]sons4 7#afaf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aje47 ,9 8 accompany+ lett] to ,himml]1 he in=m$ him t he 0 conduct+ dry-cold exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,?irty exp]im5tal subjects _h be5 exp]im5t$ ^u & _h be5 expos$ to cold out ( doors f #i-ad h\rs1 !reby r$uc+ _! body temp]ature to #bg-bi ,c4 ,! extremities ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 froz5 :ite4 ,ras*] sugge/$ a l>ge s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp4 ,?is place w\ld be suitable = su* exp]im5tation because x 0 cold] !re1 & ! spaci\s op5 c\ntry )9 ! camp 8w\ld make ! exp]im5ts less conspicu\s1 z ! exp]im5tal subjects yell :5 !y freeze sev]ely40 ,emphasis suppli$4 7#afaf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aje47 ,himml] gave ,ras*] p]mission to c>ry out additional freez+ exp]im5ts 9 ! conc5tration camps ,aus*witz & ,lubl94 7#afae-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aji47 ,ras*]'s lett] to ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 dat$ #d ,april #aidc1 reveals t ano!r s]ies ( dry-freez+ exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out on inmates ( ! ,da*au conc5tration camp dur+ a p]iod ( heavy fro/ wea!r4 ,"s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 expos$ to cold ( -#f ,c4 9 ! op5 air = #ad h\rs & _h rea*$ an int]nal temp]ature ( #be ,c4 7,,no-#bib1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aaa47 ,! ?ree fatalities :i*1 accord+ to ,neff's te/imony1 result$ f ! dry-freez+ exp]im5ts1 app>5tly occurr$ dur+ ?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #fcg-h47 ,on #aa ,april #aidc1 ,ras*] submitt$ to ,himml] a brief report conc]n+ 8freez+ exp]im5ts on human be+s expos$ to ! op5 air40 7,,no-#bdj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aab47 ,! report itself is n available1 b ! lett] ( ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t ( #af ,april to ,ras*] proves t ! def5dant ,gebh>dt receiv$ x f ,himml] = /udy4 7,,no-#bda1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aac47 ,a conf]5ce betwe5 ,ras*] & ! def5dant ,gebh>dt took place 9 ,hoh5ly*5 on #ad ,may 9 ! pres5ce ( ! def5dant ,fis*]4 ,gebh>dt discuss$ ) ,ras*] ! freez+ exp]im5ts & o!r exp]im5tation c>ri$ out 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp & invit$ ,ras*] to collaborate ) him4 ,ras*] fe>$ to lose 8 indep5d5ce & turn$ to ,siev]s to settle ?is affair 9 a tactful way z ,gebh>dt 0 a v close fri5d ( ,himml]1 & ,ras*]1 !re=e1 fe>$ 8 ev5tual enmity4 7,,no-#bca1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aaf47 ,siev]s1 9 turn1 approa*$ ,br&t 9 ?is matt] on #bb ,may & reque/$ in=mation :e!r ,himml] _h giv5 any def9ite directive to ,gebh>dt 9 reg>d to ,ras*]'s sph]e ( action & "w4 ,he fur!r ask$ ,br&t's int]v5tion on behalf ( ,ras*] by say+3 8,i entru/ y ) ?is affair & ask y p>ticul>ly to use x only = y\r /rict p]sonal in=mation s t ,dr4 ,ras*] does n enc\nt] any difficulties ) ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,gebh>dt40 7,,no-#bfg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aag47 ,:5 ,ras*] visit$ ,gebh>dt 9 ,hoh5ly*51 ! latt] enc\rag$ him to emb>k ^u a c>e] ( univ]sity lectur]4 7,,no-#bca1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aaf47 ,ras*] foll[$ ?is sugge/ion & ,siev]s support$ him :olehe>t$ly & collaborat$ ) ! def5dants ,br&t & ,blome to h ,ras*] appo9t$ univ]sity lectur]4 7,,no-#bbi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aah2 ,,no-#bij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aba47 ,t ,ras*]'s !sis = habilitation 0 bas$ on ! freez+ & high-altitude exp]im5ts is prov$ by ,ras*]'s memor&um on 8 m$ical tra9+ :i* he wrote = ! purpose ( 8 habilitation 7,,no-#bcj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aae7 & o!r evid5ce 9 ! record4 7,,no-#bdj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aab47 c4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,siev]s ,! ,freez+ ,exp]im5ts ,freez+ exp]im5ts on human be+s 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au conc5tration camp f ! end ( #aidb on4 ,x _c be d5i$ t a ru?less c>ry+-out ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 liable to inflict torture & dea? ^u ! p]sons exp]im5t$ on4 ,"h1 too1 x seems necess>y to di/+ui% betwe5 two gr\ps ( exp]im5ts4 ,"o gr\p comprises ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,pr(essor ,holzloehn]1 ,dr4 ,ras*]1 & ,dr4 ,f9ke1 & ! o!r "o1 ^? c>ri$ out by ,ras*] alone4 ,! fir/ gr\p ( exp]im5ts easily p]mits ! assumption t ! possible effects ( ! exp]im5ts on ! p]sons subject$ to !m 7 tak5 into consid]ation4 ,aft] all t has become kn[n ab\t ,ras*] by n[1 ! assumption is ju/ifi$ t1 dur+ ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,ras*] alone1 consid]ations ( ! effect on life & heal? ( ! p]sons us$ 7 n ( prim>y importance4 ,! only exceptions 7 probably ! exp]im5ts ,ras*] c>ri$ out 9 ! pres5ce ( ?ird p]sons :o 7 n involv$4 ,on ! occasion ( adm9i/rative conf]5ces he _h to att5d 9 ,da*au1 ,siev]s met ,pr(essor ,holzloehn]1 ,dr4 ,f9ke1 & ,ras*] :o _h j f9i%$ a freez+ exp]im5t4 ,! p]son exp]im5t$ on 0 plac$ "u an arc ( light ,li*tbog54 ,t is all ,siev]s saw ( ?is exp]im5t4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #efhd47 ,!n ,siev]s wat*$ a second freez+ exp]im5t4 ,himml] _h in/ruct$ ,pr(essor ,hirt ( ,/rasb\rg to h a look at ,ras*]'s "w on freez+1 s9ce he 7,himml]7 obvi\sly _h come to ! conclusion t ,ras*] alone 0 n suffici5t = ! cl>ification ( ^! sci5tifically ext5sive & difficult que/ions4 ,= ?is exp]im5t a pr(essional crim9al 0 introduc$ :om a regul> c\rt _h s5t5c$ to dea? = robb]y & murd]4 ,siev]s & ,dr4 ,hirt made sure ab\t ?is by exam9+ ! files ( ! crim9al police dep>tm5t ( ! ,da*au conc5tration camp4 ,dr4 ,hirt !n ask$ ! p]son to be exp]im5t$ on :e!r he realiz$ t ! exp]im5t might prove fatal to him4 ,! p]son to be exp]im5t$ on answ]$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,by p]sonally que/ion+ ! p]son to be exp]im5t$ on1 ,siev]s !n made sure t he agre$ to ! exp]im5t4 ,! p]son 9 "q answ]$ 9 ! affirmative & add$3 8,if x does n hurt40 ,?is assurance c\ld be giv5 s9ce ! exp]im5t 0 c>ri$ out "u full n>cosis4 ,siev]s did n take "p 9 ! entire exp]im5t1 b he saw t x 0 c>ri$ out "u full n>cosis4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #efhe-hf47 ,! witness ,dr4 ,punz5grub]1 at t "t an inmate ( ! ,da*au conc5tration camp & f #aidb-aidc assign$ to ,dr4 ,ras*]'s /ation z a *emi/1 confirms t ! p]son us$ _h be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,! same witness confirms t ,siev]s 0 n pres5t dur+ o!r freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,dr4 ,punz5grub] c\ld e/abli% ?is because 8 laboratory 0 locat$ next to ! room :]e ,dr4 ,ras*] c>ri$ out 8 exp]im5ts4 7,affidavit ( ,dr4 ,punz5grub]1 #ad ,m>* #aidg47 ,a fur!r pres5ce ( ,siev]s at freez+ exp]im5ts has n occurr$ & has n be5 claim$ f any side4 ,9 ord] to prove ,siev]s' p>ticipation 9 ! freez+ exp]im5ts1 ! prosecution po9t$ out ! foll[+ docum5ts3 ,ras*]'s lett] ( #aj ,septemb] #aidb to ,himml]4 8,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s1 :o obs]v$ ! exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au la/ week1 is ( ! op9ion t if dur+ a conv5tion !re w\ld be a report at all1 ,i1 too1 w\ld h to be call$ 9 = report+40 7,,no-#bcd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hc47 ,himml]'s lett] ( #bb ,septemb] #aidb to ,ras*] 9 :i* ! =m] in/ructs ,ras*] to c>ry out exp]im5ts 9 quick increase ( body temp]ature & increase ( body temp]ature ?r\gh m$icam5ts & animal heat m$ikam5tanimalis*e ,erwa]mung1 ,siev]s receiv$ a copy ( ?is lett] = in=mation on #be ,septemb] #aidb4 7#afaa-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #he47 ,ras*]'s lett] ( #c ,octob] #aidb to ,dr4 ,r4 ,br&t :i* conta9s ! in=mation t he 7,ras*]7 _h ask$ ,siev]s to transmit at once a teletype communication to ! camp comm&] /at+ t f\r female gypsies f ano!r camp mu/ be procur$ imm$iately2 t fur!rmore he _h ask$ ,siev]s to take /eps to h ! l[-pressure *amb] put at 8 disposal2 he f9ally m5tion$ t he in=m$ ,siev]s ab\t ! failure ( ! plann$ report to ,field ,m>%al ,mil*4 7,,no-#bhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hf47 ,siev]s' note ( #f ,novemb] #aidb conc]n+ ,ras*]'s transf] to ! ,,ss4 7,,no-#bhh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ie47 ,lett]1 dat$ #ab ,janu>y #aidc1 f ! ,rei* ,*ief ,manag] ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ,ahn5]be to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff1 conc]n+ ,ras*]'s transf] to ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 7,,no-#bcf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aja47 ,lett]1 dat$ #bh ,janu>y #aidc1 f ! ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ,ahn5]be to ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss conc]n+ ! tak+ ( ,dr4 ,ras*]'s "w "u ! protection ( ,ahn5]be 9 pursuance ( ,dr4 ,ras*]'s conv]sation on #ac ,janu>y #aidc ) ! ,*ief ,rei* ,physician ,rei*s>zt ( ! ,,ss1 ,dr4 ,grawitz4 7,,no-#cbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajc47 ,note1 dat$ #d ,febru>y #aidc1 ( ! ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ,ahn5]be conc]n+ ,dr4 ,ras*]'s report to ! m$ical inspection ,sanitaets9spekteur ( ! ,luftwaffe on 8 activities s9ce he 0 decl>$ unassign$ zur ,disposition4 ,fur!rmore ,ras*] %\ld g to ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,pfann5/iel on #g ,febru>y #aidc4 7,,no-#bch1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajd47 ,lett]1 dat$ #ag ,may #aidc1 f ,dr4 ,ras*] to ! ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ,ahn5]be conc]n+ ,ras*]'s /atem5t on 8 report to ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,gebh>dt on #ad ,may #aidc4 7,,no-#bca1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aaf47 ,lett]1 dat$ #bb ,may #aidc1 f ! ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ,ahn5]be to ,dr4 ,r4 ,br&t conc]n+ ,ras*]'s /atem5t on 8 report to ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,gebh>dt4 7,,no-#bfg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aag47 ,lett]1 dat$ #bg ,septemb] #aidc1 f ! ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ,ahn5]be to ,dr4 ,br&t conc]n+ ,dr4 ,ras*]'s e/abli%m5t z a college pr(essor 7,habilitation74 7,,no-#bbi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aah47 ,lett]1 dat$ #ba ,m>* #aidd1 f ! ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ,ahn5]be to ,dr4 ,r4 ,br&t conc]n+ ! e/abli%m5t ( ,dr4 ,ras*] z a college pr(essor4 7,,no-#bij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aba47 ,! prosecution fur!rmore ref]s to ! te/imony giv5 on #ag & #ah ,decemb] #aidf by witness ,neff4 ,neff te/ifi$ t ,siev]s frequ5tly 0 at ! exp]im5tal /ation2 t dur+ exp]im5ts he 0 pres5t sev]al times2 t1 h[ev]1 he c\ld n rememb] :e!r ,siev]s _h be5 pres5t dur+ exp]im5ts :i* end$ fatally4 ,! prosecution fur!rmore accuses ,siev]s ( hav+ procur$ female conc5tration camp inmates to be us$ 9 ! rew>m+ exp]im5ts ,wi$]]wa]mungsv]su*e4 ,9 ?is connection ! foll[+ 0 submitt$3 ,lett]1 dat$ #c ,octob] #aidb1 f ,dr4 ,ras*] to ,dr4 ,br&t3 899 99 99 ,today ,i ask$ ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s to pass on imm$iately a teletype communication to ! camp comm&] 9 :i* is /at$ t f\r female gypsies mu/ be procur$ f ano!r camp at once40 7,,no-#bhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hf47 ,telephone call ,f]nspru* ( #g ,octob] #aidb f camp comm&] ,weiss to ,dr4 ,br&t1 conc]n+ ! putt+ at ! disposal ( /aff physician ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*] 8( ! f\r wom5 = exp]im5tal purposes z ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss04 7#afai-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hg47 ,teletype communication1 dat$ #h ,octob] #aidb1 to ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gluecks1 conc]n+ ! dep>ture f _! orig9al /ation ( 8! f\r wom5 ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss04 ,dr4 ,ras*]'s report ( #e ,novemb] #aidb on conc5tration camp pro/itutes ,,kl-,dirn54 ,refusal1 on acc\nt ( h] ,nordic racial *>act]i/ics1 to use "o ( ^? wom51 & correspond+ report to ! camp comm&] & to ! adjutant ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 7,,no-#cbc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #id47 ,witness ,neff e/imates t #aj wom5 f ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp 7 put at disposal = exp]im5ts ) body heat animalis*e ,wa]me4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fcb47 ,! foll[+ is to be said to ! prosecution's accusation t ,siev]s play$ an important "p 9 procur+ female conc5tration camp inmates to be us$ = ! rew>m+ ( p]sons us$ 9 exp]im5ts3 ,n[h]e1 except 9 ! lett]1 dat$ #c ,octob] #aidb1 f ,dr4 ,ras*] to ,dr4 ,br&t does !re exi/ any indication t su* an assumption might be ju/ifi$4 ,b ?is lett] only /ates t ,dr4 ,ras*] _h ask$ ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s imm$iately to pass on to ! camp comm&] a teletype communication report+ t f\r female gypsies mu/ be procur$ f ano!r camp at once4 7,,no-#bhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hf47 ,! fact t ! ord] to c>ry out exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! increase ( temp]ature ?r\gh m$icam5ts & body heat m$ikam5tanimalis*e ,erwa]mung 0 giv5 by ,himml] is prov$ beyond d\bt by #afaa-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #he4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i po9t to ! int]rogation ( ,dr4 ,romb]g4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #fhfd-fe47 ,siev]s claims n to h done any?+ 9 ?is connection s9ce ! ord]s orig9at$ ) ,himml] himself4 ,consequ5tly !re 0 no?+ caus$ by 8 own initiative4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #efhe-hf47 ,at t "t ,ras*] 0 at ,da*au conc5tration camp mo/ ( ! "t1 :ile ,siev]s came !re v r>ely4 ,!re=e x 0 mu* easi] = ,ras*] ?an = ,siev]s to in=m ! camp comm&] ( 8 wi%es4 ,ras*] refus$ to use "o ( ! f\r wom5 = exp]im5ts 9 rew>m+ ?r\gh body heat because ?is woman possess$ beyond d\bt ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,nordic race4 ,ras*] report$ ?is to ! camp comm&] & to ! adjutant ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 7,,no-#cbc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #id47 ,9 ?is connection1 too1 ,siev]s did n play any "p4 ,! prosecution fur!rmore accuses ,siev]s ( tak+ "p 9 ,dr4 ,ras*]'s dry-freez+ exp]im5ts ,trock5kaeltev]su*e4 ,siev]s is n m5tion$ 9 ! foll[+ docum5ts submitt$ 9 ?is connection3 ,,no-#cai1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #if2 #aegi-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ig2 ,,no-#dca1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ii2 #aehj-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajg2 #afae-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aji2 ,,no-#bib1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aaa2 ,,no-#bdj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aab2 ,,no-#bda1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aac2 ,,no-#dcb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aai4 ,^! lett]s are nei!r address$ to him nor sign$ by him4 ,nei!r h copies ( !m rea*$ him nor h !y pass$ ?r\gh 8 h&s4 ,! lett]1 dat$ #ab ,janu>y #aidc1 f ! ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ,ahn5]be to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff1 conta9s ! foll[+ passage3 8,s9ce ! freez+ exp]im5ts dep5d on ! season1 valuable "t is lo/ z long z ,dr4 ,ras*] is n available40 7,,no-#bcf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aja47 ,! witness ,neff did n te/ify t ,siev]s knew ( ! dry-freez+ exp]im5ts ,trock5kaeltev]su*e4 ,siev]s knew ?r\gh ,himml]'s ord] ( #ac ,decemb] #aidb1 t ,ras*] 0 suppos$ to c>ry out dry-freez+ exp]im5ts4 7#afab-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gi47 ,only dur+ ?is trial did ,siev]s come to "k t ,ras*] c>ri$ out su* exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,himml] _h ord]$ ^! exp]im5ts to be c>ri$ out on ! t]ra9 ( ,b]ghaus ,sudelfeld4 ,!y 7 plann$ = ! w9t] ( #aidc-dd4 ,siev]s fak$ inquiries z a result ( :i* ! t]ra9 at ,sudelfeld 0 suppos$ to be unsuit$ & by ?is he succe$$ 9 n hav+ ! dry-freez+ exp]im5ts c>ri$ out dur+ ! w9t] ( #aidc-dd4 ,! exp]im5ts1 :i* ,himml] !n ord]$ = ! w9t] ( #aidd-de1 did n take place because ,ras*] 0 arre/$ 9 ! spr+ ( #aidd4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #efhi-ij47 ,s9ce ! dry-freez+ exp]im5ts 9 ! m\nta9s1 ord]$ by ,himml]1 did n take place at all1 ,siev]s c rightfully claim to h help$ to prev5t !m4 ,! freez+ exp]im5ts :i*1 beg9n+ at ! end ( ,augu/ #aidb1 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au conc5tration camp1 orig9at$ f a sci5tific rese>* ord] ! m$ical inspector ,inspekteur des ,sanitaetswes5s ( ! ,luftwaffe _h giv5 ,/abs>zt ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,holzloehn] on #bd ,febru>y #aidb4 ,at ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*]'s sugge/ion1 correspond+ exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out on human be+s4 ,= ?is rese>* "w an exp]im5tal gr\p 8,se5ot0 78,h>d%ips at sea071 consi/+ ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,holzloehn] z *ief1 & ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*] & ,dr4 ,f9ke1 0 organiz$4 7,,no-#bhf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hh2 ,,no-#bfh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajf2 ,,no-#bcj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aae47 ,! freez+ exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 agreem5t ) ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 7,,no-#bhf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hh47 ,9 8 lett]1 dat$ #ai ,febru>y #aidc1 ! m$ical inspector ( ! ,luftwaffe ?anks ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss = ! great help :i* ! coop]ation ) ! ,,ss af=d$ 9 c>ry+ out ! rese>* "w4 7,,no-#bfh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajf47 ,on #f ,m>* #aidc ! m$ical inspector ( ! ,luftwaffe confirm$ 9 a lett] to ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff t he _h at once agre$ to freez+ exp]im5ts on human be+s4 7,,no-#bfb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajh47 ,! prosecution argues t ,siev]s gave special support to ,ras*] z a p]son & ?us he reveal$ t he also want$ to support ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts4 ,!re=e reason exi/s = comm5t on ,ras*]'s p]sonality & ,siev]s' attitude t[>d him4 ,dr4 ,ras*] 0 /aff physician 7,/abs>zt ,capta91 ,m4 ,c47 ( ! ,luftwaffe res]ve & at ! same "t a memb] ( ! g5]al ,,ss1 hold+ ! rank ( an ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr]4 ,9 a well-plann$ s*eme he always put ?is la/ m5tion$ position & 8 direct connection ) ,himml] 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,orally or 9 writ+ he submitt$ all 8 wi%es to ,himml]2 to him directly did he s5d ! reports on 8 "w4 ,he ref]r$ to ,himml] :5ev] he want$ to ass]t himself & 8 "w be=e o!r (ficial ag5cies su* z1 = example1 ! ,luftwaffe4 ,he appeal$ to ,himml] :5 ! *ief physician ( ! ,,ss ,rei*s>zt ,,ss ,dr4 ,grawitz1 & ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,gebh>dt1 did n give him ! recognition & ! support he believ$ 7 due him4 ,?r\gh ,himml] he tri$ to effect 8 e/abli%m5t z a univ]sity lectur]4 7,,no-#bhc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hb2 ,,no-#bcd41 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hc2 ,,no-#cbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajc2 #afaf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aje2 #aehj-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajg2 ,,no-#bgj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aaj2 ,,no-#bdj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aab47 ,!re c be no d\bt t on acc\nt ( 8 protection by ,himml] he %[$ an autocratic m9d t[>d 8 surr\nd+s & also t[>d 8 milit>y sup]iors1 brutality t[>d 8 inf]iors1 & disgu/+ s]vility t[>d 8 protector1 ,himml]4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fgd47 ,9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp he 0 able to move )\t re/rictions & )\t control by accompany+ gu>ds4 ,?is 0 impossible = occasional visitors l ,siev]s4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #efgb2 ,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ecbj2 ,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #fedb-dc2 ,g]man ,tr4 p4 #hfbj2 ,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #hfig & #hhhg-hh2 ,beiglboeck #ca1 ,beiglboeck ,ex4 #ab47 ,hold+ ! rank ( a comm&+ g5]al1 ! m$ical inspector ( ! ,luftwaffe deem$ x advisable to assure ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff 9 8 lett] ( #f ,m>* #aidc t he 8w\ld discuss ! entire problem 9 old comrade%ip ) ,ras*] p]sonally40 7,,no-#bfb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajh47 ,a comm&+ g5]al deem$ x advisable to adopt ?is attitude1 contr>y to all milit>y cu/oms1 t[>d a /aff physician because by ?is conciliatory attitude1 inconceivable "u o!r circum/ances1 he want$ to avoid a controv]sy ) ! latt] on acc\nt ( ! latt]'s connections ) ,himml]4 ,:at ,ras*] ?\ght ( ,m$ical ,inspector ,dr4 ,hippke's attitude is reveal$ 9 ! lett] ( #ad ,m>* #aidc to ,dr4 ,rudolf ,br&t 9 :i* he /ates3 8,i w\ld l to po9t out ! extraord9>y amiability ( ! inspector & 8 c>efulness 9 all rem>ks relat+ to ! ,,ss40 7,,no-#bgj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aaj47 ,to make sure t ,himml] w\ld "u all circum/ances be in=m$ ab\t ,ras*]'s conf]5ce ) ,m$ical ,inspector ,hippke1 he cont9ues3 8,may ,i respectfully ask to in=m1 :]ev] t seems necess>y to y1 ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ( my report40 7,,no-#bgj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aaj47 ,! /atem5t t ,witness ,dr4 ,punz5grub] made ab\t ,ras*] is v *>act]i/ic3 8,8 7,ras*]'s7 connections 7 s /rong t practically e important sup]ior trembl$ 9 fe> ( ! intrigu+ ,ras*]1 :o consequ5tly held a position ( enorm\s p[]40 7,siev]s #dd1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #de47 ,ras*]'s s]vility t[>d ,himml] is already reveal$ by ! bomba/ic phrases ) :i* he closes 8 lett]s to ,himml]4 ,to give a few examples only3 ,lett] dat$ #ag ,febru>y #aidc1 f ,ras*] to ,himml]3 8,) mo/ ob$i5t reg>ds ,i rema9 9 hone/ gratitude ) ,heil ,hitl] y\r v devot$ ,s4 ,ras*]40 7#afaf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aje47 ,lett]1 dat$ #aa ,april #aidc1 f ,ras*] to ,himml]3 8,) mo/ ob$i5t reg>ds & ,heil ,hitl] ,i rema9 always1 devot$ to y 9 gratitude1 y\r ,s4 ,ras*]40 7,,no-#bdj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aab47 ,lett]1 dat$ #aj ,septemb] #aidb1 f ,ras*] to ,himml]3 8,9 grateful admiration ) ,heil ,hitl] y\r v devot$ ,s4 ,ras*]40 7,,no-#bcd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hc47 ,! picture ( ,ras*] is complet$ by ! te/imony t p]sonally he w5t to ! highe/ au?orities only4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #giff47 ,siev]s is also br\ght into connection ) ,dr4 ,ras*]'s attempt to e/abli% himself z a univ]sity lectur]4 ,9 8 8educational hi/ory0 8,ausbildungsv]lauf0 ,ras*] m5tions t ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 7,himml]7 ord]$ him to e/abli% himself z a univ]sity lectur] ) "o ( 8 two pap]s3 8,attempts at ,rescue f ,high ,altitude0 8,v]su*e zur ,rettung aus gross5 ,hoeh50 & 8,attempts at ! ,sav+ ( ,froz5 ,humans0 8,v]su*e zur ,rettung ausgekuehlt] ,m5s*504 7,,no-#bcj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aae47 ,by a lett]1 dat$ #ab ,augu/ #aidc1 f ,dr4 ,rudolf ,br&t ( ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,siev]s is entru/$ ) ?is affair4 ,?is lett] is n at our disposal4 ,on #bg ,septemb] #aidc1 t is aft] m ?an #f weeks1 ,siev]s answ]s t he introduc$ ,ras*] to ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,blome & ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,m5tzel4 ,! =m] _h talk$ to ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,pfann5/iel ( ,m>burg4 ,on #ba ,m>* #aidd1 t is almo/ #f mon?s aft] ! lett] j m5tion$1 ,siev]s reports to ,dr4 ,br&t on ! fur!r developm5t ( ! case ( ,dr4 ,ras*]'s e/abli%m5t z a univ]sity lectur]4 ,! attempt 9 ,m>burg _h fail$ & consequ5tly !y w\ld h to try to e/abli% ,ras*] z a lectur] at ,/rasb\rg ,univ]sity4 7,,no-#bij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aba47 ,ras*]'s arre/ fre$ ,siev]s f ! necessity ( tak+ any fur!r action4 ,! fact t ,siev]s 0 involv$1 z f> z ! e/abli%m5t z a univ]sity lectur] is conc]n$1 n only 9 ,ras*]'s case1 is reveal$1 = example1 by ,siev]s' #aidc di>y1 entry ( #i ,febru>y #aidc conc]n+ ! e/abli%m5t z a lectur] ( ,dr4 ,s*uetrumpf 7,,no-#ech1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abb72 fur!rmore1 entry ( #bb ,febru>y #aidc conc]n+ ! e/abli%m5t z a lectur] ( ,dr4 ,rudolph2 fur!rmore1 ,siev]s' #aidd di>y1 entry ( #bb ,febru>y #aidd1 conc]n+ ! e/abli%m5t z a lectur] ( ,dr4 ,s*midt-,rohr4 7#cedf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abc47 ,if1 9 case ( ,ras*]'s e/abli%m5t z a lectur]1 ,siev]s 0 act+ only z 9 o!r simil> cases ( memb]s ( ,ahn5]be1 !n ?is 0 "o ( 8 tasks z ,rei* manag] ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ,ahn5]be & he _c be *>g$ ) special activity on ,ras*]'s behalf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is no indication t ,siev]s _h kn[n1 be=e ! exp]im5ts />t$1 t !y c\ld become immod]ate or inhuman4 ,nei!r z f> z plann+ nor z f> z ! direction 0 conc]n$ nor 9 any o!r way _h ,siev]s any?+ to d ) ! c>ry+ out ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,fur!rmore ! "q mu/ be answ]$ :e!r ,siev]s did n ga9 k ?r\gh ,ras*]'s reports1 :i* he receiv$ :ile ! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out1 ( ! crim9al "* ( ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts4 ,! prosecution submitt$ ! foll[+ reports ( ,dr4 ,ras*]3 ,f9al report1 dat$ #aj ,octob] #aidb1 ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,holzloehn]1 ,dr4 ,f9ke1 ,dr4 ,ras*] 7,,no-#dbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ia47 ,int]im report1 dat$ #ae ,augu/ #aidb1 ( ,dr4 ,ras*]4 7#afah-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hd47 ,report1 dat$ #ag ,febru>y #aidc1 ( ,dr4 ,ras*]4 7#afaf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aje47 ,^! reports 7 s5t by ,ras*] directly to ,himml] z c be asc]ta9$ f ! docum5ts !mselves or f ! accompany+ lett]s4 ,none ( ! docum5ts indicates t a copy ( ! reports w5t to ! ,ahn5]be or t !y came to ,siev]s' k 9 "s o!r way4 ,siev]s d5ies t he obta9$ k ( ^! reports4 ,siev]s did n take "p 9 ! conf]5ce ( #bf-bg ,octob] #aidb1 z c be cle>ly se5 f ! li/ ( ^? pres5t4 7,,no-#dja1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ic47 ,siev]s1 also1 nev] receiv$ a writt5 report on ! conf]5ce4 ,also ! secret>y ( _m ye>s' /&+ ( ! ,ahn5]be1 ! witness1 ,dr4 ,gisela ,s*mitz1 has /at$ t %e nev] saw reports ab\t exp]im5ts ( ,ras*]4 ,s9ce all ! incom+ mail 0 deliv]$ fir/ to h] %e w\ld necess>ily h se5 any su* reports4 7,siev]s #de1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #df47 ,ev5 if ,siev]s--z he did n--%\ld h obta9$ k ( "o or ano!r ( ! reports1 he _c be expect$ to h =m$ an indep5d5t op9ion on ! p]missibility ( human exp]im5ts f ! po9t ( view ( m$ical pr(essional e?ics4 ,siev]s _h nei!r ! p[] nor ! opportunity to int]f]e ) ! sub-*ill+ exp]im5ts1 or to prev5t !m or br+ !m to a /op4 ,x mu/ be po9t$ out aga9 & aga9 t ,siev]s 0 compet5t only = adm9i/rative affairs4 ,ev]y?+ t ,siev]s c\ld d = ! prev5tion ( ! exp]im5ts 0 done4 ,9 ! cases ( ! exp]im5ts at ,da*au1 ,siev]s' influ5ce 0 nil4 ,on ! o!r h& he 0 able to prev5t "s exp]im5tal activity on ,ras*]'s "p by procra/9at+ ! dry-cold exp]im5ts ,trock5kaeltev]su*e :i* %\ld h be5 c>ri$ out 9 ! m\nta9s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,weltz ,docum5t #cdc-;,a-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #fb1 is ! only docum5t submitt$ 9 ?is connection freez+ exp]im5ts & m5tion+ ! "n ( ,pr(essor ,weltz4 ,x is a lett] by ,field ,m>%al ,mil*1 dat$ #bj ,may #aidb1 to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff1 ,*ief ( ! ,p]sonal ,/aff1 ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,9 ?is lett] ,field ,m>%al ,mil* says t ! high-altitude exp]im5ts 7 complet$ & t !re 0 no real reason = _! cont9uation4 ,! lett] cont9ues3 8,! c>ry+ out ( exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! problem ( di/ress at sea1 on ! o!r h&1 is important2 !y 7 prep>$ 9 direct agreem5t ) ! au?orities4 ,ob]/abs>zt ,weltz is in/ruct$ to c>ry !m ?r\gh & ,/abs>zt ,ras*] is also made available = !m until fur!r notice40 ,obvi\sly1 ! prosecution int5ds to take ?is lett] z basis = ! ass]tion t ,pr(essor ,weltz p>ticipat$ 9 ! plann+ & ! c>ry+ out ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,at ! session ( #h ,may #aidg1 7,tr4 p4 #gbcg7 ! prosecutor ref]r$ to ?is lett] & drew ! conclusion !refrom t ,field ,m>%al ,mil*1 pursuant to ! in=mation he _h obta9$ f ,pr(essor ,hippke on #bj ,may1 ?\ght t ,ras*] /ill belong$ to ! (fice ( ,weltz 9 ,muni* & t ,pr(essor ,weltz 0 entru/$ ) ! c>ry+ out ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts = ?is reason4 ,if & to :at ext5t ,field ,m>%al ,mil* 0 in=m$ ab\t ! actual ev5ts may be left undecid$4 ,x is m]ely e/abli%$ t ,pr(essor ,hippke already knew at t "t t ,/abs>zt ,ras*] no long] belong$ to ! (fice ( ,weltz4 ,?is appe>s ) c]ta9ty f ,,no-#bif1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #eh1 :i* is ! lett] ( ! ,m$ical ,inspector ( ! ,luftwaffe ( #bg ,april #aidb to ! ,*ief ( ! ,p]sonal ,/aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 f ! reply to ,wolff's application to ,hippke ( #af ,april #aidb1 9 :i* ,wolff asks = ! ext5sion ( ,/abs>zt ,ras*]'s assignm5t to ! ,,dvl 7,g]man ,rese>* ,in/itute = ,aviation71 ,da*au ,bran*4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no d\bt t on #bj ,may #aidb1 ,hippke knew t at t "t ,ras*] no long] belong$ to ,weltz' (fice4 ,h[ x happ5$ t ! "n ( ,pr(essor ,weltz 0 m5tion$ 9 ?is docum5t 0 e/abli%$ by ,pr(essor ,hippke's te/imony z witness 9 ! trial aga9/ ,erh>d ,mil*4 7,weltz #c1 ,weltz ,ex4 #g47 ,pr(essor ,hippke te/ifi$ 9 ?is connection t 9 a discussion at ! beg9n+ ( ,june #aidb he 0 in=m$ by ,ras*] t ! latt] _h receiv$ ord]s f ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 7,himml]7 to c>ry out freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,a report on ?is conf]5ce is conta9$ 9 ,,no-#bhc1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #hb4 ,supplem5t+ ?is report1 ,ras*]'s report on 8 conf]5ce ) ,pr(essor ,hippke1 ,hippke himself te/ifi$ t he 0 ?9k+ ( ,pr(essor ,weltz because he knew t ,pr(essor ,weltz--9 8 in/itute 9 ,muni*--_h be5 work+ on problems ( freez+ ) animal exp]im5ts4 ,lat]1 he _h ab&on$ ?is plan to ask ,pr(essor ,weltz to coop]ate 9 ! c>ry+ out ( ^! exp]im5ts because he _h become conv9c$ t ! !oretical "w 0 n ! po9t b ! practical exp]i5ce on freez+ problems & t n ,pr(essor ,weltz b ,pr(essor ,holzloehn] _h ! great] practical exp]i5ce4 ,h[ev]1 x has be5 e/abli%$ t ,pr(essor ,weltz nev] receiv$ su* an ord] & also t he 0 n o!rwise conc]n$ 9 any way ) ! c>ry+ out ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,?is is prov$ by ! te/imony ( ! def5dant ,weltz 9 8 own case1 7,tr4 #gajh-ji71 & by ! affidavit ( ,pr(essor ,weltz' co-work] ,dr4 ,w5dt4 7,weltz #bc1 ,weltz ,ex4 #ba47 ,= ! re/1 ,weltz' "n does n appe> 9 any connection 9 any ( ! num]\s docum5ts relat+ to ! problem ( freez+ exp]im5ts submitt$ by ! prosecution4 ,on ! contr>y1 ^! docum5ts %[ cle>ly :o f ! ,luftwaffe 0 actually ord]$ to c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts & :o c>ri$ !m out 9 ,da*au4 ,! fact t ,pr(essor ,weltz 0 n ev5 reque/$ to p>ticipate 9 ! plann+ ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts1 appe>s cle>ly f ,docum5t ,,no-#bhc1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #hb1 already discuss$1 & above all )\t objection4 99 99 99 99 99 ,t ,pr(essor ,weltz refus$ to p>ticipate 9 ! exp]im5ts aft] he le>n$ ab\t !m 0 firmly e/abli%$ on ! o!r h& by ! evid5ce submitt$ by ! def5se :i* 9 turn is support$ by ! docum5ts submitt$ by ! prosecution4 ,docum5t #afaj-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #gc1 submitt$ by ! prosecution appe>s to h special weight z evid5ce 9 ?is connection4 ,x is ,ras*]'s lett] to ,himml] ( #i ,octob] #aidb4 ,9 ?is lett] ,ras*] asks ,himml] to see to x t ! app>atus necess>y = *emical analysis be put at 8 disposal by laboratories n work+ to full capacity4 ,he po9ts to ! fact t ! ,weltz ,in/itute does n make app>atus available to him1 z x 0 alleg$ly us$ !re = freez+ exp]im5ts ) %av$ cats1 & ! in/itute ne$$ ^! app>atus = its own use4 ,moreov]1 ! affidavit ( ! witness ,dr4 v4 ,w]z 7,weltz #d1 ,weltz ,ex4 #aa7 accord+ to :i* ,pr(essor ,weltz refus$ to furni% app>atus = freez+ exp]im5ts at ,da*au1 fur!r proves ?is disapproval on ! "p ( ,pr(essor ,weltz ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts c>ri$ out at ,da*au4 ,moreov]1 x appe>s also f ,,no-#cfgd1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #edi4 ,"h1 an attempt is made to procure ! app>atus 7colorimet]7 :i* 0 n deliv]$ by ,weltz f some:]e else4 ,f #afji-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ib1 x becomes app>5t to :at dang] ,pr(essor ,weltz expos$ himself by 8 attitude aga9/ ,ras*]4 ,x is a lett] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ( #bd ,octob] #aidb to ,ras*]4 ,9 x ,himml] ackn[l$ges ! receipt ( ,ras*]'s lett]1 dat$ #i ,octob] #aidb1 7#afaj-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #gc7 m5tion$ above 9 :i* ,ras*] compla9s ab\t ,pr(essor ,weltz' attitude4 ,9 reply to ?is compla9t ,himml] writes3 8,p :o today /ill disapprove ( human exp]im5ts & w\ld r h ,g]man soldi]s die ( ! consequ5ces ( freez+ ,i consid] to be guilty ( treason & high treason1 & ,i %all h no compunction to report ! names ( ^! g5tlem5 to ! au?orities conc]n$4 ,y are au?oriz$ by me to in=m ! (fices conc]n$ ( ?is ( my op9ion40 ,f ,siev]s' te/imony 9 direct int]rogation x appe>s1 unequivocally1 t ?is ref]r$ to ,pr(essor ,weltz4 ,9 ?is reg>d ,siev]s decl>$ ! foll[+3 8,i c only say ?is 9 respect to ,weltz himself1 = ,h]r ,ras*]1 z ,i already /at$ 9 reply to y\r "q1 m5tion$ 9 ?is connection ,weltz z a p>ticipant40 ,! def5dant ,siev]s also decl>$ t 9 view ( ,ras*]'s "*1 z kn[n to him1 x c\ld be expect$ t ,ras*] w\ld make use ( ! p[]s giv5 him ) respect to 8^? guilty ( treason & high treason10 among o!rs also aga9/ ,pr(essor ,weltz4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! cross-exam9ation ( ,weltz ! prosecution intimat$ 9 a veil$ mann] t ,pr(essor ,weltz might h mov$ objects & files or might h put app>atus at ! disposal ( ! ,da*au exp]im5ts4 ,s9ce ! prosecution c\ld n submit evid5ce ( any weight 9 ?is respect x is unnecess>y to g into ?is4 ,9 ! cross-exam9ation itself x became app>5t t all ! files & app>atus 7 9 exi/5ce at ! end ( ! w> & t ,weltz himself _h made sugge/ions to h& ov] 8 in/itute 9 an ord]ly mann] to ! ,am]icans4 7,tr4 pp4 #gbda-gbdb47 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,pros4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#bcd #hc ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml]1 #aj ,septemb] #bai #aidb1 transmitt+ int]m$iate report on freez+ exp]im5ts 7#afah-,,ps74 #afah-,,ps #hd ,int]m$iate report1 #aj ,septemb] #aidb1 on #bbj int5se *ill+ exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au conc5tration camp4 #afaa-,,ps #he ,lett] f ,himml] to ,ras*] & ,siev]s1 #bb #bba ,septemb] #aidb1 ord]+ rew>m+ 9 freez+ exp]im5ts ?r\gh physical w>m?4 ,,no-#bhe #hf ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,rudolf ,br&t1 #c #bba ,octob] #aidb1 /at+ t ,siev]s w\ld obta9 f\r gypsy wom5 = rew>m+ ?r\gh body w>m?4 #afai-,,ps #hg ,teletype f comm&ant ( ,da*au #bbc conc5tration camp to ,rudolf ,br&t1 #g ,octob] #aidb1 /at+ t f\r wom5 w\ld be available f ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp = ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#bhf #hh ,lett] f ,go]+'s (fice to ,himml]1 #h #bbc ,octob] #aidb1 ) atta*$ invitation to ! conf]5ce on 8,m$ical ,problems ,aris+ f ,h>d%ips ( ,sea & ,w9t]40 #afac-,,ps #ij ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml]1 #af ,octob] #bbe #aidb1 transmitt+ report on cool+ exp]im5ts on human be+s 7,,no-#dbh74 ,,no-#dbh #ia ,report ( #aj ,octob] #aidb1 on cool+ #bbf exp]im5ts on human be+s4 #afji-,,ps #ib ,lett] f ,himml] to ,ras*]1 #bd ,octob] #bdd #aidb1 & note by ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,,no-#cbc #id ,memor&um ( ,ras*] on wom5 us$ = #bde rew>m+ w>m+ 9 freez+ exp]im5ts1 #e ,novemb]1 #aidb4 ,,no-#cbj #ajc ,lett] f ,siev]s to ,br&t1 #bh ,janu>y #bdf #aidc1 & ,ras*]'s report on 8 discussions ) ,grawitz & ,popp5dick4 #afaf-,,ps #aje ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,himml]1 #ag ,febru>y #bdi #aidc1 & summ>y ( exp]im5ts = rew>m+ ( *ill$ human be+s by animal w>m?1 #ab ,febru>y #aidc4 ,,no-#bfh #ajf ,lett] f ,hippke to ,himml]1 #ai ,febru>y #beb #aidc1 on freez+ exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 #aehj-,,ps #ajg ,lett] f ,himml] to ,ras*]1 #bf ,febru>y #bec #aidc1 on freez+ exp]im5ts 9 ! conc5tration camps ,aus*witz & ,lubl94 ,,no-#bib #aaa ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,rudolf ,br&t1 #d ,april #bec #aidc1 report+ on dry-freez+ exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,,no-#cbb #aad ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,ke9dl1 #bh ,april #aidc1 #bed ab\t previ\s freez+ exp]im5ts conduct$ at ,sa*s5haus54 ,,no-#bca #aaf ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,siev]s1 #ag ,may #aidc1 #bee conc]n+ a conf]5ce ) ,gebh>dt on freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#dcb #aai ,lett] f ,ras*] to ,neff1 #ba ,octob] #aidc1 #beh conc]n+ dry-freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#fij #abj ,li/ ( rese>* projects f ! files ( #bei ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,te/imony ,extracts f ! te/imony ( ,tribunal witness ,walt] ,neff #bfj ,extract f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,h&los] #bfe ,extract f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,s*ro$] #bfi ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,siev]s #bgd ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bcd ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #hc ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,himml]1 #aj ,,septemb] #aidb1 ,,transmitt+ ,,int]m$iate ,,report ,,on ,,freez+ ,,exp]im5ts 7#afah-,,ps7 ,dr4 m$4 ,sigmund ,ras*] ,muni*1 ,trog]/r4 #ef at pres5t ,b]l91 #aj ,sep #aidb ,my de> ,rei* ,lead]1 ,may ,i submit 9 ! enclosure ! fir/ int]m$i>y report ab\t ! freez+ exp]im5ts8 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 a meet+ on ! subject ( freez+ exp]im5ts is to take place4 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,holzloehn]1 p>ticipat+ 9 our ,da*au exp]im5ts on behalf ( ! ,luftwaffe1 wants to give on ?is occasion an acc\nt ( ! results ( our exp]im5ts4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s1 :o survey$ ! exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au la/ week1 believes t if any report 0 to be made at a meet+1 ,i %\ld be call$ ^u to submit ! report4 ,a discussion ) o!r exp]ts on freez+ exp]im5ts w\ld surely be v valuable4 ,i !re=e reque/ y\r decision4 #a4 ,c a report be made else:]e be=e ! oral report has be5 submitt$ to y1 my ,rei* ,lead]8 #b4 ,is my p>ticipation 9 ! conf]5ce on ! subject ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts ( ! ,luftwaffe ord]$ by y1 my ,rei* ,lead]8 ,i w take c>e t ! report is submitt$ 9 ! mann] appropriate = top secret matt]4 ,y\rs gratefully & respectfully ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,y\rs v devot$ly1 ,s4 ,,ras*] #a enclosure ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #afah-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #hd ,,int]m$iate ,,report1 #aj ,,septemb] #aidb1 ,,on ,,int5se ,,*ill+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,9 ,,da*au ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,s4 ,ras*] ,int]m$iate report on int5se *ill+ exp]im5ts 9 ! ,da*au ,camp1 />t$ on #ae ,augu/ #aidb ,exp]im5tal proc$ure ,! exp]im5tal subjects 7,,vp7 7 plac$ 9 ! wat]1 dress$ 9 complete fly+ uni=m1 w9t] or summ] comb9ation1 & ) an aviator's helmet4 ,a life jacket made ( rubb] or kapok 0 to prev5t subm]g+4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out at wat] temp]atures v>y+ f #b4e to #ab4 ,9 "o exp]im5tal s]ies1 ! occiput 7bra9 /em7 protrud$ above ! wat]1 :ile 9 ano!r s]ies ( exp]im5ts ! occiput 7bra9 /em7 & back ( ! head 7 subm]g$ 9 wat]4 ,electrical measurem5ts gave l[ temp]ature read+s ( #bf4d 9 ! /oma* & #bf4e 9 ! rectum4 ,fatalities occurr$ only :5 ! bra9 /em & ! back ( ! head 7 also *ill$4 ,autopsies ( su* fatal cases always reveal$ l>ge am\nts ( free blood1 up to "o-half lit]1 9 ! cranial cavity4 ,! he>t inv>iably %[$ extreme dilation ( ! "r *amb]4 ,z soon z ! temp]ature 9 ^! exp]im5ts rea*$ #bh1 ! exp]im5tal subjects di$ inv>iably1 despite all attempts at resuscitation4 ,! above discuss$ autopsy f9d+ conclusively prov$ ! importance ( a w>m+ protective device = head & occiput :5 design+ ! plann$ protective clo?+ ( ! foam type4 ,o!r important f9d+s1 common 9 all exp]im5ts1 %\ld be m5tion$1 m>k$ increase ( ! viscosity ( ! blood1 m>k$ increase ( hemoglob91 an approximate five-fold increase ( ! leukocytes1 inv>iable rise ( blood sug> to twice its normal value4 ,auricul> fibrillation made its appe>ance regul>ly at #cj4 ,dur+ attempts to save sev]ely *ill$ p]sons ,unt]kuehlte1 x 0 %[n t rapid rew>m+ 0 9 all cases pref]able to sl[ rew>m+1 because aft] removal f ! cold wat]1 ! body temp]ature cont9u$ to s9k rapidly4 ,i ?9k t = ?is reason we c disp5se ) ! attempt to save int5sely *ill$ subjects by means ( animal heat4 ,rew>m+ by animal w>m?--animal bodies or wom5's bodies--w\ld be too sl[4 ,z auxili>y measures = ! prev5tion ( int5se *ill+1 improvem5ts 9 ! clo?+ ( aviators come alone into consid]ation4 ,! foam suit ) suitable neck protector :i* is be+ prep>$ by ! ,g]man ,in/itute = ! ,textile ,rese>*1 ,muni*-,gladba*1 des]ves fir/ priority 9 ?is connection4 ,! exp]im5ts h %[n t ph>maceutical measures are probably unnecess>y if ! fli] is /ill alive at ! "t ( rescue4 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,s4 ,,ras*] ,muni*--,da*au1 #aj ,septemb] #aidb4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #afaa-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #he ,,lett] ,,f ,,himml] ,,to ,,ras*] ,,& ,,siev]s1 #bb ,,septemb] #aidb1 ,,ord]+ ,,rew>m+ ,,9 ,,freez+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,?r\gh ,,physical ,,w>m? ,secret ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,rf_/,dr4 ,,ar_/#ai_/cj_/db ,p]sonal ,headqu>t]s ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss #bb ,septemb] #aidb #a4 ,dr4 ,ras*] ,muni*--,da*au ,i h receiv$ ! int]m$iate report on ! *ill+ exp]im5ts 9 ,camp ,da*au4 ,despite ev]y?+1 ,i w\ld s arrange ! exp]im5ts t all possibilities1 prompt w>m+1 m$ic9e1 body w>m+1 w be execut$ 9 positive exp]im5t ord]s4 ,sign$ ,h4 ,,himml] #b4 ,,ss--,lt4 ,col4 ,siev]s ,b]l9 ,a c>bon copy ) ! reque/ = ackn[l$gm5t4 ,,ss ,lt4 ,col4 #be ,sep #db ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bhe ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #hf ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #c ,,octob] #aidb1 ,,/at+ ,,t ,,siev]s ,,w\ld ,,obta9 ,,f\r ,,gypsy ,,wom5 ,,= ,,rew>m+ ,,?r\gh ,,body ,,w>m? ,dr4 m$4 ,sigmund ,ras*]2 ,muni*1 ,trog]/r4 #ef1 #c ,octob] #db ,mo/ honor$ ,ob]/urmbannfuehr]6 ,fir/ ( all ,i want to ?ank y v mu* = 8,das glaes]ne ,me]0 78,! ,glass ,ocean074 ,my wife & myself are v happy to possess n[ a complete set ( ^! books4 ,i h already read ! book ) great int]e/4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss wants to be in=m$ ( ! /ate ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,i c ann\nce t ! exp]im5ts h be5 conclud$1 ) ! exception ( ^? on w>m+ ) body heat4 ,! f9al report w be ready 9 ab\t #e days4 ,pr(essor ,holzloehn]1 = reasons t ,i _c fa?om1 does n himself want to make ! report to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,himml] & has ask$ me to att5d to x4 ,?is report mu/ be made be=e #bj ,octob]1 because ! great ,luftwaffe conf]5ce on freez+ takes place 9 ,nu]nb]g on #be ,octob]4 ,! report on ! results ( our rese>* mu/ be made !re1 to assure t !y be us$ 9 "t = ! troops4 ,may ,i ask y to arrange = a decision f ! ,rei* ,lead] reg>d+ ! f9al report to him1 & ! submission to him ( ! relevant mat]ial8 ,today ,i receiv$ y\r lett] ( #bb ,septemb] #aidb1 9 :i* ! ,rei* ,lead] ord]s t ! exp]im5ts on w>m+ ?r\gh body heat mu/ absolutely be conduct$4 ,because ( incomplete address x 0 delay$4 ,today ,i ask$ ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s to s5d a telegram to ! camp comm&] imm$iately1 to ! effect t f\r gypsy wom5 be procur$ at once f ano!r camp4 ,moreov]1 ,i ask$ ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s to take /eps to h ! l[-pressure *amb] made ready = use4 ,! report to ,field ,m>%al ,mil* plann$ = #aa ,septemb] c\ld n be made1 z y h discov]$1 because he 0 prev5t$ f att5d+1 & no repres5tative 0 commission$ to receive x4 ,z ! ,rei* ,lead] _h n emp[]$ me to report to anyone 9 ! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/ry 7,,rlm71 ,i ab/a9$ f mak+ ! report1 :i* r nettl$ ! g5tlem5 ( ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate ,sanitaets9spektion4 ,i imm$iately in=m$ ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s4 ,= ! "t be+ ! report is be+ held z a milit>y secret at ! ,g]man ,aviation ,rese>* ,in/itute 7,,dvl7 toge!r ) a di/ribution li/ prep>$ by ! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/ry4 ,! di/ribution ( ! copies1 h[ev]1 has n yet tak5 place1 because1 z ,i said1 ! report has n yet be5 made to ,mil*4 ,i assume t y 7 in=m$ ( ?is :ole bus9ess long ago4 ,:at %all we d n[8 ,i wi% to enclose a lett] ( ?anks to ! ,rei* ,lead] f ! =m] prison] ,neff4 ,at ! same "t ,i %\ld l to ?ank y v mu* = y\r ef=ts2 & let me beg y1 %\ld opportunity (f]1 to convey to ! ,rei* ,lead] my mo/ s9c]e ?anks = 8 grant+ ( ?is reque/4 ,i did n write to ! ,rei* ,lead] 9 p]son1 9 ord] n to make any fur!r dem&s on 8 valuable "t4 ,) be/ wi%es & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs mo/ s9c]ely ,sign$ ,s4 ,,ras*]4 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #afai-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #hg ,,teletype ,,f ,,comm&ant ,,( ,,da*au ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #g ,,octob] #aidb1 ,,/at+ ,,t ,,f\r ,,wom5 ,,w\ld ,,be ,,available ,,f ,,rav5sbrueck ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,= ,,ras*]',s ,,exp]im5ts ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice 7,,r%a7 ,message ,c5t] 99 99 99 99 99 ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,da*au #igic #g ,,octob] #aidb #afcj-;,,fr- ,,to ,,ss ,,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,,dr4 ,,br&t ,,b]l9 ,,pr9z ,,albre*t ,,/r4 #h4 ,,! ,,headqu>t]s ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,da*au ,,reque/s ,,*ief ,,( ,,! ,,amtsgruppe ,,ss ,,brigadefuehr] ,,gluecks ,,to ,,h ,,! ,,f\r ,,wom5 ,,ord]$ ,,by ,,! ,,rei* ,,lead] ,,ss ,,= ,,/abs>zt ,,dr4 ,,ras*] ,,= ,,! ,,purpose ,,( ,,exp]im5ts ,,s5t ,,imm$iately ,,f ,,rav5sbrueck ,,to ,,da*au4 ,,sign$ ,,weiss1 ,,ss ,,/urmbannfuehr] ,,& ,,comm&ant ,,( ,,! ,,camp4 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bhf ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #hh ,,lett] ,,f ,,go]+',s ,,(fice ,,to ,,himml]1 #h ,,octob] #aidb1 ,,) ,,atta*$ ,,invitation ,,to ,,! ,,conf]5ce ,,on 8,,m$ical ,,problems ,,aris+ ,,f ,,h>d%ips ,,( ,,sea ,,& ,,w9t]0 ,! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/] & ,comm&] 9 *ief ( ! ,luftwaffe ,az3 #ee ,no4 #e #cdj_/secret_/#db 7,l4 ,i4 #ad1 #b;,,iib7 ,b]l9 ,w #h1 #h ,octob] #aidb ,leipzig] ,/rasse #g ,by ,mess5g]6 ,subject3 ,rese>* ord] on ,freez+ ,abkuehlung4 ,ref]5ce3 #a4 ,d4 ,r4 d4 ,l4 & ,ob4 d4 ,l4 ,*4 d4 ,lw4 ,l4 ,94 #ad ,az3 #ee ,no4 #bjjeh_/da 7#b;,,ii ,b7 dat$3 #bd_/b_/db #b4 ,d4 ,r4 d4 ,l4 & ,ob4 d4 ,l4 ,*4 d4 ,lw4 ,l4 ,94 #ad ,az3 #ba o-r ,no4 #ajiji_/db 7#a ,,ii ,a7 dat$3 #f_/h_/db ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,! ,inspectorate ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe has giv5 an ord] = rese>* to ! ,/abs>zt ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,holzloehn]1 ref]5ce above1 dat$ #bd ,febru>y #aidb1 = "w on ! foll[+ problem3 8,! effect ( freez+ on w>m-blood$ subjects40 ,at ! proposal ( ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*] appropriate exam9ations 7 made ( human be+s1 & 9 agreem5t ) ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss suitable ,,ss facilities 7 us$ = ! exam9ations4 ,9 ord] to c>ry out ^! exam9ations a rese>* gr\p 8,h>d%ips at ,sea0 78,se5ot07 0 set up1 consi/+ ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,holzloehn] z lead] & ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*] & ,dr4 ,f9ke4 ,! lead] ( ?is rese>* gr\p report$ t ! exam9ations h be5 conclud$4 ,x is int5d$ to dissolve ! rese>* gr\p at ! late/ by #ae ,octob] #aidb4 ,! rese>* docum5ts & an ext5sive report w be pres5t$ to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss by ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,x is reque/$ t ! orig9als or copies ( ! report & ( ! docum5ts be put at ! disposal ( ! ,inspectorate ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,x is int5d$ to make ! results1 9 ! =m ( an extract1 accessible to exp]ts at a conf]5ce :i* w take place 9 ,nu]nb]g on #bf & #bg ,octob] #aidb4 ,! ag5da s*$ule ( ! conf]5ce is clos$4 ,! ,,ss ,c5tral ,(fice1 ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t ,,ss ,hauptamt1 ,sanitaetsamt has be5 invit$ to ?is discussion by lett]1 dat$ #cj ,septemb] #aidb4 ,x is fur!r reque/$ to ab/a9 f =w>d+ ! docum5ts & ! report to o!r nonm$ical (fices4 ,draft sign$ ,im ,entwurf gez4 ,by ord] ,,wull5 ,true ,copy ,signature ,,an?ony #a enclosure ,enclosure ,! ,inspector ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe ,conf]5ce on 8,m$ical ,problems ,aris+ f ,h>d%ips ( ,sea & ,w9t]0 on #bf & #bg ,octob] #aidb 9 ,nu]nb]g1 ,hotel 8,d] ,deuts*e ,h(10 #bi-ce ,frau5torgrab54 ,*airman ( ! conf]5ce3 ,/abs>zt ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,an?ony1 ,l4 ,94 #ad4 ,t5tative s*$ule3 #bf ,octob] #aidb4 99 99 99 99 99 #ae4ce o'clock--,ob]/abs>zt ,dr4 ,weltz3 8,w>m+ ,up aft] ,freez+ to ! ,dang] ,po9t04 #ae4ee o'clock--,/abs>zt ,pr(essor ,holzloehn]3 8,prev5tion & ,treatm5t ( ,freez+40 #af4dj o'clock--,discussion4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #afac-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ij ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,himml]1 #af ,,octob] #aidb1 ,,transmitt+ ,,report ,,on ,,cool+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,human ,,be+s 7,,no-#dbh7 ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*] ,muni* #af ,octob] #db ,trog] ,/r4 #ef ,highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]6 ,p]mit me to submit ! atta*$ f9al report on ! sup]-cool+ exp]im5ts p]=m$ at ,da*au4 ,?is report does n conta9 ! c\rse & results ( a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ) drugs z well z exp]im5ts ) animal body heat animalis*e ,wa]me :i* are n[ be+ conduct$4 ,likewise ?is report does n conta9 ! microscopic pa?ological exam9ations ( ! bra9 tissues ( ! deceas$4 ,i 0 surpris$ at ! extraord9>y microscopic f9d+s 9 ?is field4 ,i w c>ry out exp]im5ts be=e ! />t ( ! conf]5ce 9 :i* ! effect ( cool+ w be discuss$ & ,i hope to be able to pres5t fur!r results by t "t4 ,my two c[ork]s left ,da*au ab\t #h days ago4 ,9 ! hope t y1 highly e/eem$ ,rei* ,lead]1 w be able to sp>e a qu>t] ( an h\r to li/5 to an oral report1 ,i rema91 ) ! mo/ ob$i5t reg>ds & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs respectfully4 ,sign$ ,s4 ,,ras*]4 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dbh ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ia ,,report ,,( #aj ,,octob] #aidb1 ,,on ,,cool+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,human ,,be+s ,,/abs>zt ,,pr(4 ,,dr4 ,e4 ,,holzloehn] ,,/abs>zt ,,dr4 ,s4 ,,ras*] ,,/abs>zt ,,dr4 ,e4 ,,f9ke ,i4 ,problem ( ! ,exp]im5t ,up to ! pres5t "t !re has be5 no basis = ! treatm5t ( %ipwreck$ p]sons :o h be5 expos$ = long p]iods ( "t to l[-wat] temp]atures4 ,^! unc]ta9ties ext5d$ to ! possible physical & ph>macological me?ods ( attack4 ,x 0 n cle>1 = example1 :e!r ^? :o _h be5 rescu$ %\ld be w>m$ quickly or sl[ly4 ,accord+ to ! curr5t in/ructions = treat+ froz5 p1 a sl[ w>m+ up seem$ to be indicat$4 ,c]ta9 !oretical consid]ations c\ld be adduc$ = a sl[ w>m+4 ,well-f\nd$ sugge/ions 7 miss+ = a promis+ m$ic9al !rapy4 ,all ^! unc]ta9ties re/$ 9 ! la/ analysis ^u ! abs5ce ( well-f\nd$ concepts conc]n+ ! cause ( dea? by cold 9 human be+s4 ,9 ! meantime1 9 ord] to cl>ify ?is "q1 a s]ies ( animal exp]im5ts 7 />t$4 ,&1 inde$1 ^! (ficials :o wi%$ to make def9ite sugge/ions to ! doctors 9 ! sea-rescue s]vice _h to assume a great deal ( responsibility if x came to a "q ( conv9c+ & consi/5t results 9 ^! animal exp]im5ts4 ,at ?is p>ticul> po9t x is especially difficult to c>ry ! f9d+s 9 animals ov] into ! human field4 ,9 ! w>m-blood$1 "o f9ds a v>i$ degree ( developm5t 9 ! heat-regulat+ me*anism4 ,besides ?is1 ! processes 9 ! sk9 ( ! pelt$ animals _c be c>ri$ ov] to man4 ,,ii4 ,g5]al ,proc$ure ( ! ,exp]im5t ,! effect ( wat] temp]atures ( #b1 #c1 to #ab ,c4 #cd1 #cg1 to #ed ,f4 7 inve/igat$4 ,a tank #bbb m4 #f-b_/cf-b_/cf-b_/c ft4 s]v$ z an exp]im5tal bas94 ,! wat] temp]ature 0 atta9$ by addition ( ice1 & rema9$ con/ant dur+ ! exp]im5t4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects 7 g5]ally dress$ 9 equipm5t su* z ! fli] we>s1 consi/+ ( und]clo?+1 uni=m1 a "o piece summ] or w9t] protective suit1 helmet1 & aviators fur-l9$ boots4 ,9 addition !y wore a life pres]v] ( rubb] or kapok4 ,! effect ( additional protective clo?+ aga9/ wat]-cold 0 te/$ 9 a special s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 & 9 ano!r s]ies ! cool+ ( ! unclo!d p]son 0 /udi$4 ,! bodily w>m? 0 measur$ !rmoelectrically4 ,foll[+ prelim9>y exp]im5ts 9 :i* ga/ric temp]atures 7 measur$ by a !rmic s\nd1 we adopt$ ! proc$ure ( cont9u\sly regi/]+ rectally ! body temp]ature ,k]ntemp]atur4 ,p>allel ) ?is1 ! record+ ( ! sk9 temp]ature 0 und]tak54 ,! po9t ( measurem5t 0 ! sk9 ( ! back at ! level ( ! fif? ?oracic c]tebral process4 ,! !rmoelectrical measurem5ts 7 controll$ be=e1 dur+1 & aft] ! exp]im5ts by !rmometric te/s ( ! *eek & rectal temp]ature4 ,9 sev]e cool+1 *eck+ ( ! pulse is difficult4 ,! pulse becomes weak]1 ! musculature become /iff1 & %iv]+ sets 94 ,auscultation dur+ ! exp]im5t by means ( a tube /e?oscope fa/5$ ov] ! tip ( ! he>t prov$ effective4 ,! tubes 7 l$ out ( ! uni=m & made possible ! cont9u\s li/5+ to ! he>t dur+ ! /ay 9 ! wat]4 ,electroc>diographic controls 7 n possible 9 ! wat]4 ,aft] removal f ! wat] !y 7 possible only 9 ^? cases 9 :i*1 a too sev]e muscle %iv]+ did n di/urb ! electroc>diograph records4 ,! foll[+ *emical /udies 7 c>ri$ out3 foll[+ up ( ! blood sug> picture 7cont9u\s72 ! sodium *loride picture 9 ! s]um2 ! nonprote9 nitrog5 7,re/-,n72 ! alkali res]ve2 ! alkali res]ve ( ! v5\s & art]ial blood & s$im5tation rate 7be=e & aft] ! exp]im5t74 ,besides ?is ! g5]al blood condition & viscosity 7 foll[$ dur+ ! exp]im5t1 & be=e & aft] ! exp]im5t ! resi/ance ( ! r$ blood cells & ! prote9 cont5t ( ! blood plasma 7?is refractometrically7 7 measur$4 ,! foll[+ ur9alyses 7 made regul>ly3 s$im5t1 album51 sug>1 sodium *loride1 acetone1 acetic acid1 z well z a qualitative album5 det]m9ation4 ,9 "p ( ! exp]im5t lumb> & suboccipital punctures 7 made z well z correspond+ sp9al fluid /udies4 ,among physical & !rapeutic measures ! foll[+ 7 te/$3 a4 ,rapid w>m+ by means ( a hot ba?4 b4 ,w>m+ by means ( a light cradle4 c4 ,w>m+ 9 a heat$ sleep+ bag4 d4 ,vigor\s massage ( ! :ole body4 e4 ,wrapp+ 9 cov]s4 f4 ,dia!rmy ( ! he>t4 ,9 addition ! foll[+ drugs 7 giv53 ,/rophan?9 i4 v42 ,c>diaz #a i4 v4 & i4 c42 ,lobel9 & ,coram9 i4 v4 & i4 c4 ,9 o!r exp]im5ts alcohol or grape sug> 0 giv54 ,a "p ( ! exp]im5ts 0 begun "u n>cosis 7#h cc4 ,evipan i4 v474 ,,iii4 ,! ,cl9ical ,picture ( ,cool+ ,! cl9ical picture z well z ! behavior ( ! body temp]ature %[$ c]ta9 regul>ities 9 ! g5]al c\rse2 ! "t ( appe>ance ( c]ta9 ph5om5a 01 h[ev]1 subject to v great individual v>iations4 ,z "o might expect1 a good g5]al physical condition delay$ ! cool+ & ! concomitant ph5om5a4 ,fur!r diff]5ces 7 condition$ by ! position ( ! subject 9 ! wat] & ! mann] ( clo?+4 ,fur!rmore1 diff]5ces %[$ up betwe5 exp]im5ts 9 :i* ! subject lay horizontally 9 ! wat] s t ! nape ( ! neck & ! back ( ! head 7 spla%$ ) wat]1 & o!rs 9 :i* neck & head protrud$ freely out ( ! wat]4 ,peculi>ly1 ! actual wat] temp]atures betwe5 #b ,c4 & #ab ,c4 #ce & #ed ,f4 _h no demon/rable effect ^u ! rate ( ! cool+4 ,naturally su* an effect mu/ exi/4 ,b s9ce besides ! already m5tion$ individual diff]5ces & ^? due to exp]im5tal conditions1 ! v>i\s subjects cool$ on diff]5t days at diff]5t rates ( spe$1 ! effect ( ! actual wat] temp]atures betwe5 #b & #ab disappe>s beh9d su* v>iations4 ,if ! exp]im5tal subject 0 plac$ 9 ! wat] "u n>cosis1 "o obs]v$ a c]ta9 ar\s+ effect4 ,! subject began to groan & made "s def5sive movem5ts4 ,9 a few cases a /ate ( excitation develop$4 ,?is 0 especially sev]e 9 ! cool+ ( head & neck4 ,b nev] 0 a complete cessation ( ! n>cosis obs]v$4 ,! def5sive movem5ts ceas$ aft] ab\t #e m9utes4 ,!re foll[$ a progressive rigor1 :i* develop$ especially /rongly 9 ! arm musculature2 ! arms 7 /rongly flex$ & press$ to ! body4 ,! rigor increas$ ) ! cont9uation ( ! cool+1 n[ & !n int]rupt$ by tonic-clonic twit*+s4 ,) /ill m m>k$ s9k+ ( ! body temp]ature x sudd5ly ceas$4 ,^! cases end$ fatally1 )\t any successful results f resuscitation ef=ts4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! n>cosis exp]im5ts ! evipan effects 9 a few cases w5t directly ov] into a cold n>cosis2 9 o!r cases "o c\ld det]m9e a transitory return ( consci\sness1 imm$iately foll[+ ! awak5+ effect already describ$2 at any rate1 ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 dizzy4 ,cold pa9 0 n express$4 ,exp]im5ts )\t n>cosis %[$ no ess5tial diff]5ces 9 ! c\rse ( cool+4 ,^u entry into ! wat] a sev]e cold %udd]+ appe>$4 ,! cool+ ( ! neck & back ( ! head 0 felt z especially pa9ful1 b already aft] #e to #aj m9utes a significant weak5+ ( ! pa9 s5sation 0 obs]vable4 ,rigor develop$ aft] ?is "t 9 ! same mann] z "u n>cosis1 likewise ! tonic-clonic twit*+s4 ,at ?is po9t spee* became difficult because ! rigor also affect$ ! spee* musculature4 ,simultane\sly ) ! rigor a sev]e difficulty 9 brea?+ set 9 ) or )\t n>cosis4 ,x 0 report$ t1 s to speak1 an iron r+ 0 plac$ ab\t ! *e/4 ,objectively1 already at ! beg9n+ ( ?is brea?+ difficulty1 a m>k$ dilatation ( ! no/rils occurr$4 ,! expiration 0 prolong$ & visibly difficult4 ,?is difficulty pass$ ov] into a rattl+ & snor+ brea?+4 ,h[ev]1 ! brea?+ at ?is po9t 0 n especially deep z 9 ,kussmaul's brea?+ nor 7 any ,*eyne-,/okes brea?+ or ,biot's brea?+ to be obs]v$4 ,n 9 all subjects1 b 9 a great numb]1 a simultane\s h9d]+ dur+ ?is brea?+ ?r\gh v pr(use secretion ( muc\s c\ld be e/abli%$4 ,"u ^! conditions sometimes a :ite1 f9e-bubbl$ foam appe>$ at ! m\? :i* rem9d$ "o ( an incipi5t lung o$ema1 ?\gh x 0 n possible to det]m9e ?is symptom ) c]ta9ty by cl9ical auscultation2 only a %>p5$ unclean brea? s\nd 0 audible4 ,?is foam might occur e>ly1 t is1 at rectal temp]atures ( #cb ,c4 to #ce ,c42 #ij-ie ,f44 ,no special significance 0 to be attribut$ to ?is reg>d+ ! outcome ( ! exp]im5t :i* is ! opposite ( ! describ$ relaxation ( rigor4 ,! rate ( brea?+ increas$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! exp]im5t1 b aft] ab\t #bj m9utes x decreas$ to some?+ l #bd p] m9ute ) slight v>iations4 ,9 g5]al a def9ite dull+ ( consci\sness occurr$ at ! dropp+ ( ! body temp]ature ( #ca ,c4 #hh ,f4 rectal temp]ature4 ,next1 ! subjects /ill respond$ to spee* b f9ally answ]$ v sleepily4 ,! pupils dilat$ m>k$ly4 ,! contraction "u light became increas+ly weak]4 ,! gaze 0 direct$ ov]head ) a compulsive fixation4 ,aft] )drawal f ! wat] an increase 9 ! reflexes 0 evid5t 9 spite ( ! rigor1 & regul>ly a v m>k$ draw+ up ( ! te/icles occurr$ :i* practically disappe>$ into ! abdom54 ,e>ly 9 ! exp]im5t ! face 0 pale4 ,aft] #dj to #ej m9utes cyanosis appe>$4 ,) ?is ! face appe>$ r$d]1 ! muc\s membrane blui%-r$4 ,! sk9 ve9s 7 n maximally collaps$ & 7 virtually always p5etrable4 ,! he>t activity %[$ a con/ant *ange indep5d5t ( all o!r individual v>iations1 :i* 0 noticeable 9 all subjects4 ,^u introduction into ! wat] ) n>cotiz$ subjects z well z nonn>cotiz$ subjects1 ! he>t rate w5t sudd5ly to ab\t #abj p] m9ute4 ,at a rectal body temp]ature ( ab\t #cd ,c4 #ic ,f4 x !n began to become increas+ly sl[] & to s9k cont9u\sly to ab\t #ej p] m9ute4 ,! bradyc>dia at a body temp]ature ( ab\t #bi to #cj ,c4 #hd to #hf ,f4 *ang$ sudd5ly to an arry?mia p]petua or1 z ! case may be1 to a total irregul>ity & ?is began ) a sl[ =m ( ab\t #ej beats p] m9ute2 ?is sl[ =m ( irregul>ity c\ld be trans=m$ into a fa/] "o4 ,! trans=mation to ! fa/] =m 0 n an unfavorable sign reg>d+ life4 ,:5 an electroc>diographic control aft] ! exp]im5t 0 possible1 x regul>ly %[$ a ,vorh( flutt]4 ,let x be anticipat$ t ?is irregul>ity c\ld cont9ue to exi/ aft] ! cessation ( ! cool+ & a recov]y ( ! body temp]ature to #cc or #cd ,c4 #ia or #ic ,f4 #a to #b h\rs aft] removal f ! wat]1 b !n cu/om>ily *ang$ ( itself & )\t !rapeutic aids into a coord9at$ he>t activity4 ,9 ! same way let x be anticipat$ t 9 all cases ) a le?al t]m9ation1 a sudd5 cessation ( ! he>tbeat ensu$ ^u an irregul>ity ( ! sl[ type4 ,a *eck ( ! blood pressure 0 attempt$1 b 0 9 no case satisfactory s9ce an exact measurem5t 0 n possible 9 ! decisive /age ( ! exp]im5t because ( ! sev]e rigor & muscle fibrillation4 ,ref]5ce has already be5 made to individual diff]5ces 9 ! behavior ( ! rectal temp]atures4 ,figure #d gives an example :i* includes f\r exp]im5ts1 9 :i* f\r diff]5t exp]im5tal subjects 7 cool$ at id5tical wat] temp]atures & ) id5tical clo?+4 ,x 0 %[n t 9 wat] at #d4e ,c4 #dj ,f4 temp]ature ! "t requir$ = rea*+ a rectal temp]ature ( ab\t #bi4e ,c4 #he ,f4 v>ies betwe5 #gj & #ij m9utes4 ,b nev]!less ! diagram %[s t 9 spite ( ^! individual diff]5ces1 x is obs]vable t ! progress ( ! rectal temp]ature proce$s accord+ to rule4 ,! body temp]ature beg9s to s9k rapidly f ab\t #ce ,c4 #ie-ig ,f44 ,x is ( v great practical significance at ?is po9t t ! body temp]ature cont9ues to s9k virtually l9eally = a consid]able "t aft] removal f ! wat]4 ,?is cont9u$ drop c la/ #bj m9utes or m4 ,dur+ ?is drop an aft]-drop ( #d ,c4 #g ,f4 c\ld be obs]v$1 & inde$ n only at temp]atures "u #cj ,c4 #hf ,f44 ,9 "o case x 0 obs]v$ t an int]ruption ( ! exp]im5t at #ce ,c4 #ie ,f4 aft] a fur!r lapse ( #bj m9utes ! rectal temp]ature _h fall5 #d to #e ,c4 #h ,f4 m4 ,we w lat] discuss ! 8arre/+0 ( ?is aft]-drop by physical measures4 ,9 our exp]im5tal s]ies1 ! l[e/ rectal temp]atures :i* c\ld be surviv$ v>i$ individually j z did ! progress ( ! temp]ature drop4 ,9 g5]al 79 six cases7 dea? occurr$ ) a drop 9 temp]ature to values betwe5 #bd4b & #be4g ,c4 #ge4f & #gg4f ,f44 ,9 "o case1 h[ev]1 a drop to #be4b ,c4 0 surviv$4 ,?is exp]im5t fell outside ! typical picture ins(> z aft] #ij m9utes at #bf4f ,c4 #gi4i ,f4 a virtually /ation>y condition ( ! rectal temp]ature _h become e/abli%$ = #he m9utes4 ,we w come back aga9 to ?is special exp]im5t4 ,! sk9 temp]ature s9ks or drops mu* m rapidly ?an ! rectal temp]ature4 ,)9 a m9ute !re occurs a ?or\gh saturation ( ! articles ( clo?+4 ,correspond+ly ! sk9 temp]ature falls already )9 #e m9utes to values betwe5 #bd & #ai ,c4 #ge & #ff ,f44 ,aft] #aj m9utes x may h already dropp$ to #ab ,c4 #ed ,f44 ,)9 #aj to #bj m9utes m aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! exp]im5t ! /eepness ( ! drop *anges consid]ably4 ,! curve ( ! sk9 temp]ature runs = "s "t1 t is1 = #ae to #cj m9utes virtually horizontal4 ,aft] ?is "t !re foll[s a fur!r b n[ sl[] drop to ! l[e/ figures1 :i* may lie bel[ #ae ,c4 #ei ,f4 at ! close ( ! exp]im5t4 ,p>allel exp]im5ts :i* comp>e ! c\rse ( ! rectal temp]atures & ! cool+ ( ! body ) & )\t subm]sion ( neck & back ( head %[$ great diff]5ce 9 temp]ature drop4 ,! curves p]ta9 to ! same exp]im5tal subject4 ,! "o ) ! deep fall to #bf ,c4 #gi ,f4 9 #gj m9utes 0 obta9$ ) a wat] temp]ature ( #ab ,c4 #ed ,f4 ! o!r ) a drop to #cb4e ,c4 #ij4d ,f4 9 ! same "t result$ f a wat] temp]ature ( #e4e ,c4 #da4i ,f44 ,! v m>k$ diff]5ce _c be expla9$ by a v>iation 9 resi/ance ( ! p>ticul> p]son1 b is to be attribut$ to ! position ( ! subject 9 ! wat] & 8 head cov]+4 ,9 ! exp]im5t ) ! wat] at #ab ,c4 #ed ,f4 ! subject1 9 a kapok life pres]v]1 lay flat 9 ! wat] s t 8 neck & ! back ( 8 head 7 well subm]g$2 beyond ?is he did n we> a fli]'s helmet4 ,9 ! o!r exp]im5t ) wat] at #e4e ,c4 #da4i ,f4 ! head 0 cov]$ ) an aviator's summ] helmet )\t headphones4 ,! subject wore a rubb] life pres]v] op5 at ! back2 ) ?is1 ! head is some:at out ( ! wat]4 ,9 ord] to foll[ up ! effect ( isolat$ cool+ ( ! neck & ! back ( ! head on consci\sness1 body temp]ature1 & circulation1 ?is 0 und]tak5 9 ?ree special exp]im5ts4 ,! exp]im5tal subject lay horizontal2 ! back ( ! head & ! neck 7 dipp$ into a receptacle ?r\gh :i* wat] ( correspond+ temp]ature 0 cont9u\sly run4 ,9 an exp]im5t ( #c h\rs duration !re occurr$ small temp]ature drops ( n m ?an #j4h ,c4 #a4d ,f44 ,! wat] temp]ature 0 #a to #b ,c4 #cd to #ce ,f44 ,9 "o case aft] #ej m9utes a m>k$ sleep9ess occurr$ :i* *ang$ ov] into a deep n>cosis4 ,! he>t activity 0 v>iable1 & obvi\s bradyc>dia c\ld n be obs]v$4 ,irregul>ity nev] develop$4 ,*anges 7 n se5 9 ! electroc>diograph4 ,on ! o!r h& 9 all ?ree subjects ! sp9al fluid pressure 0 m>k$ly increas$ aft] ! end+ ( ! exp]im5t to maximal values ( #cjj mm4 ,aft] ! exp]im5t1 ataxia & def9ite ,romb]g ph5om5a 7 obs]v$1 z well z exagg]ation ( ! normal reflexes2 pa?ological reflexes 7 abs5t4 ,,iv4 ,blood1 ,sp9al ,fluid1 & ,ur9e ,dur+ ,freez+ ,! diff]5tial blood sme>s %[$ no special features dur+ cool+4 ,on ! o!r h& ! numb] ( :ite & r$ blood corpuscles %[s a regul> *ange4 ,! numb] ( leukocytes rapidly increases1 r\ghly ) ! beg9n+ ( ! /eep] temp]ature drop at ab\t #ce ,c4 #ie ,f4 rectal temp]ature to values ( f #be1jjj to #bg1jjj p] cu4 mm4 ,aft] "o h\r a maximum may be rea*$ & a fall+-(f beg9s 9 ! numb] ( leukocytes1 :ile ! body temp]ature falls /ill fur!r4 ,! numb] ( r$ corpuscles und]goes an increase1 ?\gh to a relatively small degree1 :i* 9 its c\rse resembles ! *ange 9 ! numb] ( leukocytes4 ,we saw increases up to #bj p]c5t4 ,?is increase is int]rupt$ ev5 e>li] ?an ! increase 9 ! numb] ( leukocytes1 s t bo? curves give no reflection ( ! temp]ature curve4 ,! increase ( ! ery?rocytes correspond$ to ! increase ( ! hemoglob9 ( f #aj to #bj p]c5t4 ,a r$uction ( ! fragility ( ! r$ corpuscles c\ld n be demon/rat$ ) c]ta9ty1 on ! o!r h&1 al?\gh 9 ?ree exp]im5ts a def9ite hemolysis occurr$4 ,! viscosity regul>ly increases ) ! beg9n+ ( ! fall 9 temp]ature4 ,! rise c rea* values up to #g4h4 ,?is rise occurs v e>ly1 inde$1 already at body temp]atures ( #ce ,c4 #ie ,f44 ,aft] t ! values rema9 relatively con/ant ) fur!r temp]ature falls4 ,! album5 cont5t ( ! plasma 0 likewise increas$ aft] ! exp]im5t1 on ! av]age by #a p]c5t ( ! absolute value4 ,s9ce ^! measurem5ts c\ld n be made z (t5 z ^? ( viscosity = te*nical reasons1 ! connection ) ! progress ( ! viscosity rema9$ uncle>4 ,su* a connection c\ld n be recogniz$ f ! absolute values obta9$4 ,) ! accel]ation ( ! temp]ature drop1 !re always occurs a m m>k$ increase ( ! blood sug> to maximal values :i* may atta9 an av]age increase ( #hj p]c5t & 9 a few cases may rea* an increase ( ov] #ajj p]c5t4 ,accord+ to t1 ! maximal value ( ab\t #bg4e ,c4 #ha4e ,f4 is rea*$ & is ma9ta9$ = "s "t4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t z long z ! temp]ature drop cont9ues1 9 no exp]im5t 0 x possible to obs]ve a decrease 9 ^! high blood sug> values4 ,x is usually to be obs]v$ t a relatively rapid drop ( ! blood sug> values sets 9 :51 aft] removal f ! wat]1 ! temp]ature drop ceases & goes ov] into a temp]ature rise4 ,we consid] ^! f9d+s to be ( !oretical significance4 ,dur+ ! isolat$ cool+ ( ! neck & back ( ! head :i* 0 describ$ 9 section ,,iii ! blood sug> rema9$ con/ant4 ,9 /rik+ contra/ to ! increase ( ! blood sug>1 !re 0 nev] e/abli%$ a correspond+ glycosuria 9 ! ur9e collect$ imm$iately aft] ! exp]im5t or )drawn ?r\gh a ca!t]1 al?\gh consid]able quantities ( ur9e av]ag+ #ejj cc4 7 f\nd 9 ! bladd]2 9 only two cases c\ld traces ( sug> 7#j4e p]c5t7 be demon/rat$4 ,?is p>adoxical behavior c1 p]haps1 be expla9$ 9 ?is mann]3 dur+ ! "t ( great blood sug> increase1 a block+ ( ! kidneys _h occurr$1 & t ! associat$ ur9e quantities 7 =m$ be=e or aft] ?is block+ "u reflex polyuria4 ,acetone & acetic acid1 likewise1 c\ld n be demon/rat$ 9 ! ur9e4 ,! alkali res]ve 9 ! art]ial & v5\s blood 0 regul>ly v mu* r$uc$ at ! end ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ oxyg5 saturation c\ld n be c>ri$ out4 ,accord+ to ! color ( ! v5\s blood )drawn f ! arm ve9s1 ! saturation ( ?is blood mu/ h be5 v greatly r$uc$2 ! blood 0 virtually black z x came into ! syr+e4 ,notewor?y 9 ?is connection are ! autopsy f9d+s :i* 7 und]tak5 directly aft] dea?4 ,9 ^!1 ! blood 9 ! "r he>t appe>$ v d>k1 & 9 ! left he>t v bright r$4 ,accord+ to ?is1 "o mu/ calculate ^u an increase 9 ! saturation diff]5tial betwe5 ! art]ies & ve9s4 ,sodium *loride & nonprote9 nitrog5 9 ! blood 7 n cle> 9 ! blood at ! end ( ! exp]im5ts or increas$ )9 ! limit ( error4 ,sodium *loride 9 ! ur9e 0 g5]ally less1 correspond+ to a r$uction ( ! specific gravity4 ,on ! o!r h& at ! end ( ! exp]im5ts traces ( album9 c\ld regul>ly be demon/rat$ 9 ! ur9e & mod]ately increas$ leukocytes1 occasional ery?rocytes1 & epi!lial cells 9 ! s$im5ts4 ,9 p>ticul> cases1 album9 ca/s 7 also obs]v$4 ,! reaction ( ! ur9e rema9$ id5tical be=e & aft] ! exp]im5ts virtually )\t exception4 ,! /udies ( ! bile yield$ no results4 ,lumb> & suboccipital punctures imm$iately aft] ! exp]im5ts %[$ a consid]able increase 9 fluid pressure4 ,on ! av]age x am\nt$ to betwe5 #ej & #fj mm4 ,9 "o case1 an increase to #dbj mm4 0 se54 ,! prote9 values 7 always normal4 ,cell increases did n appe>1 likewise no abnormal deviation ( ! colloidal gold curve 0 obs]v$4 ,! mean+ ( ^! f9d+s = !rapy is /ill to be discuss$ lat]4 ,v4 ,recov]y ,aft] ,cool+ & ,its ,dep5d5ce ,^u ,physio!rapeutic ,measures ,! important fact has already be5 ref]r$ to t aft] rescue f ! cold wat]1 ! body temp]ature s9ks fur!r & s a fur!r temp]ature r$uction ( #d ,c4 #g ,f4 may take place4 ,z 0 likewise emphasiz$1 ?is may occur z a po/ph5om5on n only :5 l[ temp]atures h be5 obta9$ already dur+ ! exp]im5ts1 b x c be not$ also at f9al temp]atures ( #ce ,c4 #ie ,f44 ,a dep5d5ce ( ?is aft]-drop on ! duration ( ! exp]im5t c\ld n be e/abli%$2 z a result x is difficult to calculate 9 advance4 ,?is fact becomes ( great importance = practical measures2 on ! o!r h& x makes x difficult to ga9 an insight into ! mann] 9 :i* v>i\s physio!rapeutic measures affect ! arre/+ ( ?is aft]-drop & ! recov]y ( ! body temp]ature4 ,only because ( ! l>ge numb] ( ! exp]im5ts 0 x possible to obta9 well-f\nd$ concepts ( ?is4 ,! flatte/ rise ( ! body temp]ature 0 to be obs]v$ :5 ! subject 0 m]ely dri$ (f1 wrapp$ 9 w>m cov]1 & left to himself aft] removal f ! wat]4 ,! recov]y is greatly accel]at$ if ! subject is plac$ 9 a hot ba? z soon z possible aft] ! removal ( ! wet articles ( clo?+4 ,w>m+ "u a light cradle assi/$ ! temp]ature rise4 ,vigor\s massage _h a favorable effect1 h[ev]1 only if x 0 prec$$ by treatm5t 9 a hot ba? or light cradle4 ,9 no case 0 x e/abli%$ t !re 0 any indication ( bad effects f ! hot wat] or ! light cradle1 or t ! subject _h be5 h>m$ 9 any way4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x 0 obs]v$ 9 ?ree cases t a hot ba? _h d\btless a life sav+ effect4 ,9 two ( ^! cases !re _h be5 complete cessation ( he>t & brea?+ action1 & 9 "o case ! he>t _h /opp$ = sev]al seconds aft] a m>k$ly slack5$ irregul>ity be=e ! subject 0 plac$ into wat] ( n m ?an #ej ,c4 #abb ,f44 ,z a result ( ?is we c disc>d all traditional objections to a sudd5 rew>m+4 ,! favorable effect ( a hot ba? is /ill cle>] 9 ! obs]vation ( ! g5]al condition ( ! subject ?an 9 ! temp]ature curves1 al?\gh x _c be pres5t$ objectively4 ,! brea?+ v (t5 becomes 8fre]0 imm$iately ^u introduction into ! hot wat]4 ,! hot wat] releases a /rong /imulus2 ! unconsci\s subject (t5 reacts ) an outcry4 ,soon !reaft] !re occurs a di/9ct less5+ ( ! sev]e rigor4 ,! return ( consci\sness occurs soon]1 & inde$ at temp]atures at :i* x did n usually happ5 "u o!r me?ods ( treatm5t4 ,9 ! fir/ exp]im5ts ) hot wat] treatm5t1 ?is 0 cont9u$ only = #aj m9utes2 aft] t ! subjects 7 remov$ & vigor\sly massag$4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x c\ld be e/abli%$ t ! temp]ature rise cont9u$ dur+ ! rubb+1 inde$ 9 "o exp]im5t ! rise became /eep]4 ,z already indicat$1 ?is favorable effect ( dry rubb+ 0 n s pron\nc$ )\t prelim9>y treatm5t by heat4 ,x is important1 too1 t ! rubb+ be done :5 ! sev]e spasm ( ! p]iph]al vessels has already pass$4 ,9 view ( ?is1 ! hot ha? is ! be/ me?od ( treatm5t ( ! sev]ely cool$ p]son4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! practice ( sea rescue s]vice x w n be possible to c>ry out ?is me?od1 s9ce ! necess>y means are n available 9 aircraft & boats4 ,"u ^! circum/ances we mu/ consid] next only ! rapid rew>m+ ) light cradle or electrically heat$ sleep+ bag4 ,!re=e a sleep+ bag z n[ us$ 9 ! sea rescue s]vice 0 also te/$4 ,x 0 evid5t t ! temp]atures :i* c be develop$ by ?is means are n suffici5t = heat !rapy4 ,) ^? x 0 possible to rea* a temp]ature ( only #cb ,c4 #ij ,f4 ov] ! sk91 ) ! heat turn$ on fully4 ,besides ?is1 ! wall ( ! foot-section ( ! sleep+ bag is only p>tly heat$2 on ! out] sides x rema9s completely cold4 ,z long z no improvem5t & /r5g!n+ ( ! heat+ equipm5t ( ! sack is c>ri$ out1 ! sleep+ bag c be consid]$ only z a sub/itute = wrapp+ 9 w>m cov]s4 ,! w>m+ by means ( ! light cradle is m unev5 ?an ) a hot ba?4 ,) w>m+ by light "o might expect sev]e local vessel expansion ) dang] ( collapse4 ,actually ! subjects (t5 compla9$ ( dizz9ess & nausea aft] rea*+ consci\sness if ! treatm5t la/$ long] ?an #ae m9utes4 ,occasionally vomit+ occurr$4 ,9 ^! cases x is indicat$ to swit* (f ! light cradle & to pack ! subject ) cov]s4 ,ap>t f ?is x mu/ be rememb]$ t dur+ unconsci\sness ! subject %\ld be protect$ aga9/ direct contact ) ! lamps by means ( cov]s1 o!rwise burns c\ld occur dur+ clonic-tonic convulsions4 ,?is sugge/s t 8%ort waves0 be employ$ to supply heat1 s9ce x 0 %[n 9 animal exp]im5tation t by ?is means x is possible to br+ ab\t a ?or\gh w>m+ ( ! :ole animal1 :i* leads to a recov]y ( ! animal ) puzzl+ rapidity4 ,we did n h ! prop] equipm5t = a ?or\gh w>m+ ( a human be+ by ?is means4 ,= ?is reason ! %ort wave !rapy ( ! he>t 0 tri$4 ,?is did n h any demon/rable effect4 ,above all1 x is necess>y to advise aga9/ a practical application ( ?is me?od1 s9ce !re exi/s ! dang] ( prolong$ burn+ ev5 9 full consci\sness1 z ! result ( cold anae/hesia1 ev5 if ! treat+ physician c>efully tries to avoid ?is4 ,! sev]e difficulty 9 brea?+ z well z ! =mation ( foam be=e ! m\?1 :i* rem9d$ "o ( incipi5t lung o$ema1 seem$ to indicate oxyg5 !rapy4 ,!re=e ?is !rapy 0 tri$ 9 f\r exp]im5ts4 ,x %[$ no effect on ei!r ! brea?+ or ! he>t action4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t ! art]ial blood appe>s especially light r$4 ,,vi4 ,dea? ,aft] ,cool+ 9 ,wat] ,practical & ,!oretical ,consid]ations ,reports to ! effect t ^? :o h be5 rescu$ at sea are imp]ill$ = a consid]able "t aft] rescue has ar\s$ special att5tion4 ,x has be5 report$ especially t sudd5 cases ( dea? occurr$ z mu* z #bj m9utes to #ij m9utes aft] rescue1 & t 9 mass cata/rophes ^! sudd5 dea?s c\ld am\nt to mass-dy+ 7rescue collapse74 ,^! obs]vations h set (f f>-rea*+ discussions4 ,ble$+ 9 ! rew>m+ p]iph]y1 break-d[ns ( neural & humoral correlations & simil> ideas h be5 br\ght up4 ,9 contra/ to ?is our exp]im5ts give a relatively simple explanation ( cold-dea? "u ^! conditions4 ,) ! exception ( a s+le case1 a total irregul>ity ( ! he>t *amb] c\ld be def9itely demon/rat$ 9 all cases ( cool+ "u #cj ,c4 #hf ,f41 7#ej exp]im5ts71 :5 ! rectal temp]ature rea*$ #bi ,c4 #hd ,f4 & usually already at a cool+ ( #ca ,c4 #hh ,f44 ,! exception 0 an exp]im5t on an intoxicat$ subject1 :i* is to be gone into m fully bel[ 7see sec4 ,,vii74 ,fur!rmore he>t-dea? 0 e/abli%$ cl9ically 9 all cases ( dea? obs]v$ by u4 ,9 two cases brea?+ ceas$ simultane\sly ) ! he>t activity4 ,^! 7 cases 9 :i* x 0 specially not$ t ! neck & ! back ( ! head lay deep 9 ! wat]4 ,9 all rema9+ cases brea?+ outla/$ ! cl9ical *amb] cessation by z mu* z #bj m9utes4 ,9 "p ?is 0 8normal1 mu* decel]at$ brea?+10 9 "p an angonal =m ( gasp+4 ,z already ref]r$ to1 an auricul> flutt] c\ld be demon/rat$ c>diographically dur+ ! irregul>ity4 ,9 cases 9 :i* a special cool+ ( neck & back ( head _h exi/$ be=e dea?1 ! autopsy %[$ a m>k$ bra9 o$ema1 a tight fill+ ( ! g5]al bra9 cavity ,hirngefaesse blood 9 ! sp9al fluid z well z blood 9 ! ,mi*aelisrhomboid4 ,! he>t f9d+s w>rant our tak+ a c]ta9 attitude t[>d ! "q ( rescue collapse4 ,dea? occurr$ relatively quickly aft] removal f ! wat]1 :i* may be comp>$ ) rescue4 ,! longe/ int]val involv$ 0 #ad m9utes4 ,x is to be not$1 h[ev]1 9 ! fir/ place1 t almo/ c]ta9ly a mu* l>g] numb] ( dea?s w\ld h be5 obs]v$ if an active heat !rapy _h n almo/ regul>ly be5 c\pl$ directly ) ! completion ( ! exp]im5t2 9 ! second place1 t 9 su* cases !re w\ld h be5 v mu* long] int]vals4 ,we h already call$ att5tion repeat$ly to ! aft]-cool+ foll[+ ! exp]im5t4 ,9 e case :]e ?is _h proce$$ to a c]ta9 po9t1 c\nt]measures 7 tak51 s9ce ! exp]im5ts 7 nev] plann$ to end 9 dea?4 ,"o may well imag9e1 h[ev]1 t 9 mass cata/rophes1 9 :i* almo/ exclusively rescue collapse has h]et(ore be5 describ$1 ! !rapeutic measures 7 conf9$ to an undress+ & dry+ (f ( ! rescu$ toge!r ) a subsequ5t wrapp+ 9 cov]s4 ,"u ^! conditions aft]-drops ( great magnitude & long duration 7 to be expect$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is delay$ fall 9 temp]ature1 a he>t-dea? might occur z 9 our exp]im5ts4 ,we %\ld l to emphasize t ! irregul>ity p] se is n to be reg>d$ 9 our exp]im5ts z a symptom ( dang] to life any m ?an 9 ! cl9ic1 b r z a sign ( direct he>t damage1 :i* increases cont9u\sly ) fur!r fall+ (f ( temp]ature1 until f9ally ! he>t fails4 ,if ! temp]ature drop is arre/$1 ! sl[ =m ( irregul>ity passes ov] into a rapid =m4 ,?is transition is a favorable sign = survival2 = ?is irregul>ity virtually always passes ov] ( itself aft] a "t av]ag+ #ij m9utes into normal he>t activity4 ,x cont9ues !re=e = a long "t aft] ! body temp]ature has already ris5 m>k$ly4 ,a dang] to ! circulatory sy/em c\ld n be demon/rat$ at ?is /age4 ,9 ?ree cases ! return ( ! he>t action to normal occurr$ 9 spite ( simultane\s en]getic physical "w4 ,) ! demon/ration t cold-dea? ( man is prim>ily a he>t-dea?1 ! ess5tial po9ts = !rapy are also cle>$ up4 ,! cause ( ! sev]e he>t damage is ano!r "q4 ,s9ce our /udies 7 prim>ily aim$ at ! developm5t ( practical me?ods ( treatm5t1 we w n g v f> into ! !oretical concepts :i* may be develop$ 9 ?is connection4 ,/ill1 sev]al h9ts may be drawn f ! blood /udies3 #a4 ,! great increase ( ! viscosity causes an increas$ load+ ^u ! he>t4 #b4 ,! *ok+ ( p]iph]al vessel areas by ! sev]e vessel contraction leads to an ov]-fill+ ( ! c5tral areas4 ,?is appe>s n only f our autopsies4 ,9 all available records ( autopsies :i* p]ta9 to cases ( dea? f cold 9 ! wat] aft] sea disa/]1 we f9d uni=mly a sev]e ov]-fill+ ( ! "r he>t4 #c4 ,x is to be calculat$ t1 "u ! effect ( ! l[ blood temp]ature1 ! he>t itself becomes sev]ely hypodynamic4 ,x has be5 prov$ long ago 9 animal exp]im5tation t a ,vorh( flutt] c be develop$ by ! ov]load+ & cool+ ( ! isolat$ he>t4 ,besides a physical damag+ ( ! he>t musculature by ! cold1 we mu/ also keep 9 m9d ! damag+ by pa?ological products ( metabolism4 ,next1 ! %>p increase 9 blood sug> may be connect$ ) ! increas$ outp\r+ ( adr5al94 ,! con/ancy ( ?is increase ( blood sug> dur+ ! temp]ature drop is1 h[ev]1 rem>kable4 ,"o may well assume t ?is fl[ ( adr5al9 exhau/s itself ) ! cont9uance ( ! temp]ature drop4 ,) ?is !re w\ld h to be a rapid decrease 9 ! blood sug> if ! oxidation processes 7 to cont9ue undi/urb$4 ,! decrease 9 ! alkali res]ve or ! developm5t ( an acidosis argues /rongly = an injury4 ,animal exp]im5ts1 ) g5]al cool+1 give gr\nds = believ+ t ! int]m$i>y metabolism is di/urb$ dur+ drops 9 temp]ature2 b ?is *ange is also discuss$ 9 connection ) local freez+ ( ! human be+ & has be5 prov$ to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,fur!rmore1 n only ?is di/urbance %[s a transition betwe5 g5]al & local damage by cold4 ,9 bo? cases !re occurs an increase 9 viscosity1 :i* po9ts to a *ange 9 ! capill>y walls & indicates ! conclusion t !re is a *ange 9 ! p]meability ( ^? walls = prote9 & wat]4 ,! he>t-dea? rema9s prom95t1 ! regul> increase ( sp9al fluid pressure ) sev]e cool+ ( ! neck & back ( ! head leaves x unsettl$ :e!r1 9 addition1 ?is has pa?ognomonic significance = ! outcome4 ,) a fluid pressure ( #dbj mm4 x mu/ 9 fact be assum$ t ?is p>ticipates 9 ! developm5t ( bradyc>dia4 ,! detection ( an increase 9 fluid pressure is also n )\t significance = !rapy4 ,"o may ?9k ( a lumb> or suboccipital puncture z a measure to be prescrib$4 ,aft] a lumb> puncture !re occurs a trans=mation ( ! sl[ =m ( arrhy?mia into ! rapid =m4 ,x mu/ rema9 undecid$ :e!r su* measures1 :i* delay a rapid1 active rew>m+1 are to be recomm5d$ = practical application 9 ! sea-rescue s]vice4 ,! idea t cold-dea? 9 wat] dep5ds ^u failure ( ! he>t1 accompani$ or unaccompani$ by brea?+1 is subject to limitation4 ,"o exp]im5t among fifty-sev5 0 typical4 ,?is involv$ survival ( a cool+ to #be4b ,c4 #gg4d ,f4 dur+ a /ay ( #c h\rs 9 wat] ( #e4e ,c4 #da4d ,f44 ,! rectal temp]ature "u ^! conditions rema9$ con/ant )9 slight v>iations betwe5 #bg & #be ,c4 #ha & #gg ,f4 = ! la/ h\r & a half4 ,likewise1 q irregul>ly1 no increase 9 blood sug> occurr$4 ,b mo/ /rik+ 0 ! fact t until ! end ( ! exp]im5t & aft] its t]m9ation consci\sness 0 undi/urb$4 ,! c\rse ( ! exp]im5t rem9d$ "o ( ! behavior ( c]ta9 exp]im5tal animals :i* c )/& extremely l[ body temp]atures = long p]iods ( "t4 ,l[]1 w>m-blood$ animals 7= example1 rats7 c endure rectal temp]atures ( #bj ,c4 #fh ,f4 = sev]al h\rs4 ,x is conceivable t ?is atypical exp]im5t1 _h x be5 cont9u$1 w\ld h %[n also an atypical cause ( dea?4 ,aga9/ ?is we h ! fact t an irregul>ity _h already set 9 b n be=e a temp]ature ( #cj4a ,c4 #hf4b ,f4 _h be5 rea*$4 ,also1 aside f ! fluid pressure increase1 ! "p :i* ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em plays 9 ! outcome ( ! exp]im5t seems to u to be second>y4 ,! exp]im5ts ) simultane\s cool+ ( ! neck ( c\rse %[$ h[ ! cool+ ( ! neck & back ( ! head spe$s up ! l[]+ ( temp]ature4 ,?is is to be expla9$ by ! fact t ! c\nt]-controls :i* are relay$ f ! temp]ature c5t] to ! p]iph]y1 ei!r _c exi/ fur!r because ( hyp(unction ( ! c5t]s 7effect ( o$ema & cool+71 or are no long] transmitt$ because ( cold-block+ ( ! pa?ways4 ,b likewise c5tral c\nt]-controls = ! areas ( ! p]iph]al capill>ies may fall2 ?us delay+ ! ov]load+ ( ! he>t by ext5d$ p]iph]a vasco friction4 ,,vii4 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,ph>macology & ! ,"q ( ,alcohol ,n[ exp]im5ts by ,j>is* h %[n t he>t drugs l /rophan?9 & /imulants l c>diazol & coram9e 9 !rapeutic doses may react toxically ^u cool$ animals4 ,^! f9d+s are a w>n+ to be mo/ c>eful 9 ! m$ic9al treatm5t ( sev]ely cool$ p]sons1 ?\gh /rophan?9 & c>diazol h h]et(ore be5 expressly recomm5d$ 9 su* cases4 ,9 exp]im5ts ) fatal outcome1 ! /opp+ ( ! he>t occurr$ ei!r 9 ! wat] or aft] an int]val ( n m ?an #ad m9utes aft] removal f ! wat]4 ,) su* a rapid c\rse ( ev5ts x is unlikely t "o c favorably influ5ce ! he>t action by intrav5\s injections ( /rophan?91 especially because ! circulation is at a v l[ ebb be=e ! he>t-dea?4 ,= ?is reason1 9 a case ^: condition 0 already v dang]\s1 /rophan?9 0 giv5 intrac>dially 9 a dose ( #j4be mg4 ,!reupon ! he>t condition grew /ill worse & aft] #e m9utes ! he>t /opp$4 ,"o _h ! impression t ! he>t action 0 made worse by ! intrac>dial injection ( /rophan?94 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 ! only case :i* left ! possibility ( damage by /rophan?9 9 d\bt4 ,no su* damage c\ld ev] be e/abli%$ 9 ! intrav5\s injection ( /rophan?94 ,on ! o!r h& no !rapeutic effect1 ev5 ) maximal doses ( #j4e mg41 c\ld be detect$4 ,figure #aa n reproduc$1 la/ section1 %[s ! total duration 9 #aj cases ( ! irregul>ity obs]v$ )\t /rophan?9 dosage4 ,?is v>ies betwe5 #be & #bjj m9utes4 ,on ! o!r h& 9 ,figure #ac 9 ! la/ section1 fir/ five cross-r[s !re are correspond+ "t values ( #age to #cfj m9utes4 ,at v>i\s exp]im5tal "t po9ts dur+ ^! exp]im5ts #j4be to #j4e ( /rophan?9 7 giv54 ,accord+ly1 a %ort5+ ( ! duration ( ! irregul>ity _c be e/abli%$4 ,fur!rmore no improvem5t ( ! pulse or g5]al condition 0 ev] not$4 ,obvi\sly ^! exp]im5ts are too few to rule out a possible favorable effect 9 all cases4 ,sev]al hundr$ exp]im5ts w\ld be necess>y to obta9 /ati/ically reliable data on ?is po9t4 ,& s1 s9ce contr>y to animal exp]im5tation1 we c\ld n unque/ionably e/abli% damage foll[+ intrav5\s /rophan?9 dosage1 we may leave x to ! treat+ physician :e!r or n he may /ill want to make an exp]im5t ) /rophan?94 ,to be sure1 su* an employm5t ( x mu/ be advis$ aga9/ 9 case ( a v mu* decel]at$ =m ( irregul>ity4 ,?is w be obs]v$ :5 !re is ! greate/ dang]2 "u su* circum/ances "t %\ld nev] be lo/ by exp]im5t+ ) drugs1 b e ef=t %\ld be made 9 ! direction ( int5sive heat !rapy4 ,also 9 ! exp]im5ts ) c>diazol1 coram9 & lobel9e we re/rict$ ourselves prim>ily to det]m9+ :e!r injuri\s effects occurr$ 9 ! case ( relatively l>ge doses4 ,f\r cc4 ( #aj p]c5t coram9 z well z #b cc4 ( #a p]c5t lobel9e 7 inject$ intrav5\sly at v>i\s /ages ( recov]y )\t any m>k$ objective & subjective det]ioration ( ! /ate ( ! he>t1 ! brea?+1 & ! g5]al condition4 ,b j z ) /rophan?91 x is impossible to rule out a possible !rapeutically favorable effect because ( ! small numb] ( exp]im5ts4 ,we nev] obs]v$ su* an effect4 ,especially ! m>k$ deep5+ ( brea?+ & ( ! irritability ( ! trigem9al n]ve :i* usually sets 9 v sudd5ly aft] coram9 7= example1 sneez+ imm$iately aft] ! injection7 7 always miss+4 ,contr>y to /rophan?91 9 ! case ( :i* we _c advise aga9/ exp]im5tation by intrav5\s injection "u c]ta9 conditions1 we believe on !oretical gr\nds t su* exp]im5ts ) p]iph]al circulatory drugs :i* may height5 ! vessel tonus are n indicat$ because ( ! foll[+ consid]ations3 ,! damage to ! he>t is to be attribut$1 among o!r ?+s1 to an ov]load+1 :i* is caus$ by a block+ ( enl>g$ vessel areas1 aside f an increase 9 viscosity4 ,if ! vessel tonus is fur!r increas$ 9 ! areas :i* h rema9$ unimp$$1 ! conditions = ! he>t are !reby made worse4 ,! sceptical attitude t[>d ! effect ( drugs is /r5g!n$ above all by ! obs]vation t 9 ! majority ( ! exp]im5ts 9 :i* no drugs 7 giv51 ev5 ! mo/ sev]e di/urbances ( ! p]iph]al circulation 7 r$uc$ rem>kably rapidly "u int5sive heat treatm5t4 ,9 ?is connection x mu/ be emphasiz$ t besides ! recov]y ( body temp]ature ?r\gh heat !rapy an unload+ ( ! he>t takes place because ! block$ areas op5 up4 ,contr>y to e>li] concepts1 accord+ to :i* !re 0 dang] ( hemorrhage into ! p]iph]y dur+ rapid rew>m+1 & accord+ to :i* "o s\ght to avoid ?is hemorrhage by wrapp+ up ! extremities z well z by v sl[ w>m+1 ! 8v5al\s ble$+ into ! p]iph]y0 may be life-sav+ "u "s circum/ances4 ,an exception1 namely1 loval pyp]acmia aft] consid]able rise 9 temp]ature & correspond+ ree/abli%m5t ( circulation has already be5 describ$ 9 ! ref]5ce to ! dang] 9 "s cases ( v prolong$ treatm5t 9 ! light cradle4 ,! famili> increase ( p]iph]al blood volume z a result ( alcohol leads "o to expect t v intoxicat$ p]sons cool m rapidly4 ,figure #adbh %[s an exp]im5t f :i* we may conclude t actually accel]ation ( ! cool+ does set 9 aft] p>tak+ lib]ally ( alcohol be=e ! exp]im5t4 ,x is v rem>kable t 9 su* an exp]im5t1 ! only exception among all cool+ exp]im5ts1 irregul>ity 0 abs5t 9 a cool+ to #bh4a ,c4 #hb4f ,f44 ,ev5 if x 0 n possible to reproduce ?is app>5t protection aga9/ irregul>ity caus$ by p>tak+ ( alcohol 9 control exp]im5ts on o!r subjects1 !re rema9s ! possibility t ! di/5d+ ( ! p]iph]al vessels delays ! ov]load+ ( ! he>t1 j z on ! o!r h& x increases ! spe$ ( cool+4 ,our obs]vations contradict ! old seaf>+ cu/om ( p\r+ alcohol into a p]son already cool$1 s9ce1 accord+ to ^! obs]vations ! temp]ature t5ds1 ev5 9 slight degrees ( cool+1 to s9k fur!r = a long "t aft] rescue4 ,z long z !re is no active supply ( heat f outside1 ! disadvantage ( an increas$ heat loss w r$uce ! utility ( /opp+ ! p]iph]al vessel blockage4 ,also 9 lat] /ages ( recov]y "o mu/ obvi\sly be v c>eful 9 giv+ alcohol2 above all1 ?is w>n+ is emphasiz$ by ! possibility t "o mu/ reckon ) a total irregul>ity aft] m ?an an h\r1 :i* may g unnotic$ by ! inexp]i5c$ exp]im5t]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,viii4 ,prev5tive ,measures 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ix4 ,conc]n+ ,life ,jackets ,s*wimmwe/5 99 99 99 99 99 ,x4 ,summ>y #a4 ,! curve ( rectal temp]ature ( human be+s *ill$ 9 wat] ( #b ,c4 #ce4f ,f4 to #ab ,c4 #ec4f ,f4 %[s a gradual drop to ab\t #ce ,c4 #ie ,f41 aft] :i* ! drop becomes rapid4 ,dea? may occur at rectal temp]atures bel[ #cj ,c4 #hf ,f44 #b4 ,dea? results f he>t failure4 ,! direct damage to ! he>t becomes evid5t f ! total irregul>ity obs]v$ 9 all cases1 sett+ 9 at approximately #cj ,c4 #hf ,f44 ,?is c>diac damage is due to ov]load+ ( ! he>t1 caus$ by ! m>k$ & regul> increase 9 ! viscosity ( ! blood1 z well z by ! m>k$ ?rottl+ ( l>ge p]iph]al vascul> areas2 besides1 a direct injury to ! he>t by ! cold is also probable4 #c4 ,if ! neck is also *ill$1 ! l[]+ ( ! temp]ature is m rapid4 ,?is is due to int]f]5ce ) ! temp]ature-regulat+ & vascul> c5t]s2 c]ebral o$ema also makes its appe>ance4 #d4 ,! blood sug> rises z ! temp]ature falls1 & ! blood sug> does n drop aga9 z long z ! body temp]ature cont9ues to fall4 ,?is fact sugge/s an int]m$i>y di/urbance ( metabolism4 #e4 ,respiration ( ! *ill$ subject is r5d]$ difficult due to ! rigor ( ! respiratory musculature4 #f4 ,aft] removal f ! cold wat]1 ! body temp]ature may cont9ue to fall = #ae m9utes or long]4 ,?is may be an explanation ( dea?s :i* occur aft] successful rescue f ! sea4 #g4 ,int5sive rew>m+ nev] injures ! sev]ely *ill$ p]son4 #h4 ,/rophan?9 treatm5t 0 n obs]v$ to h be5 successful4 ,! "q ( ! use ( /rophan?9 rema9s op51 h[ev]4 ,rem$ies :i* influ5ce ! p]iph]al circulation are def9itely n advisable4 #i4 ,! mo/ effective !rapeutic measure is rapid & int5sive heat treatm5t1 be/ appli$ by imm]sion 9 a hot ba?4 #aj4 ,by means ( special protective clo?+1 ! survival "t aft] imm]sion 9 cold wat] c\ld be ext5d$ to d\ble ! survival "t ( subjects :o 7 imm]s$ )\t protective clo?+4 #aa4 ,c]ta9 proposals = improvem5t ( life jackets are be+ made4 ,conclud$ on #aj ,octob] #aidb4 ,sign$ ,pr(4 ,,dr4 ,,holzloehn] ,,dr4 ,,ras*] ,,dr4 ,,f9ke 99 99 99 99 99 ,behavior ( ! he>t action "u ! influ5ce ( m$ication ,occurance ( ,!rapy ,pulse becomes ,total ,irregul>ity regul> dura- ,subj4,wat] ,aft] ,at ,at ,aft] exp]4 tion temp4exp]4 body ,mg4 m94"t adm94 ( ir- ,rem>ks ,c "t temp4/roph4m94 /rophan?9 regu- m94 ,c l>ity 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,b4 ,l #d #ee #cjj4be #fe -- -- ,dea? 9 mg41 ! #d cc4 sev5tie coram ? 94 m9ute1 t5 m9utes aft] removal f wat]4 ,l4 ,h #d #cj #ca4ej4be #fj -- -- ,dea? mg41 7he>t intra /opp$7 c>di five al4 m9utes aft] adm9i/ er+ /rophan ?91 t5 m9utes aft] removal f wat]4 ,v4 ,e #e4b #fj #cj4cj4be #fh -- -- ,dea? mg41 7he>t he>t /opp$7 1 9 ! masag sixty-si e1 x? coram m9ute 91 dur+ c>di removal azol1 f artif wat]4 icial respi ratio n4 ,s4 ,m #f #ge #ca4d;,artific #hb -- -- ,dea? ial 7he>t respi /opp$7 ratio 9 ! n1 eighty-s c>di ev5? azol4 m9ute1 sev5 m9utes aft] removal f wat]4 ,l4 ,o #d4e #cj #ca4b,l4 ,p #eg -- -- ,dea? 7he>t /opp$7 9 ! sixty-fi f? m9ute1 eight m9utes aft] removal f wat]4 ,,figure #ac4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #afji-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ib ,,lett] ,,f ,,himml] ,,to ,,ras*]1 #bd ,,octob] #aidb1 ,,& ,,note ,,by ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,nr #acig_/db ,field ,comm& ,po/1 #bd ,oct #aidb ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*] ,muni*1 ,trog]/r4 #ef ,top ,secret #c copies #b;d copy ,de> ,ras*]6 ,i ackn[l$ge ! receipt ( y\r lett] ( ! #i? & #aj? & bo? notes ( #af ,octob] #aidb4 ,i h read y\r report reg>d+ cool+ exp]im5ts on humans ) great int]e/4 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s %\ld arrange ! possibility ( evaluation at in/itutes :i* are connect$ ) u4 ,i reg>d ^! p z guilty ( treason & high treason1 :o1 /ill today1 reject ^! exp]im5ts on humans & w\ld in/ead let /urdy ,g]man soldi]s die z a result ( ^! cool+ me?ods4 ,i %all n hesitate to report ^! m5 to ! (fices conc]n$4 ,i emp[] y to make my op9ion on ?is kn[n to ! (fices conc]n$4 ,i invite y to a p]sonal conf]5ce 9 ,novemb] z ,i _c make x soon] despite my great int]e/4 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff w once aga9 get 9 t\* ) ,field ,m>%al ,mil*4 ,y are emp[]$ to make a report to ,field ,m>%al ,mil*--&1 ( c\rse1 to ! ,rei* ,m>%al if he has "t--conc]n+ ^? :o are n doctors4 ,i ?9k t cov]s :i* h heat packets or some?+ simil> sew$ 9 _! l9+ are ! be/ = ! w>m+ ( ^? :o 7 /r&$ at sea & 7 pick$ up 9 boats or small vessels & :]e !re is no possibility ( plac+ ^! *ill$ p 9 a hot ba?4 ,i take x = grant$ t y "k ^! heat packets :i* we also h 9 ! ,,ss & :i* 7 us$ by ! ,russians a great deal4 ,!y consi/ ( a mass :i* develops a w>m? ( #gj to #hj ^u addition ( wat] & reta9s x = h\rs4 ,i am v curi\s z to ! exp]im5ts ) body w>m?4 ,i p]sonally take x t ^! exp]im5ts w probably br+ ! be/ & la/+ results4 ,naturally1 ,i c\ld be mi/ak54 ,keep me in=m$ on future f9d+s4 ,( c\rse we w see ea* o!r 9 ,novemb]4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs ,sign$ ,h4 ,,himml] #b4 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff ,s5t ) reque/ = ackn[l$gm5t4 ,i pres5t ! report ) ! reque/ = ackn[l$gm5t & return s9ce ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 9 ,muni* wants ^! copies aga94 ,sign$ ,,br&t ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#cbc ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #id ,,memor&um ,,( ,,ras*] ,,on ,,wom5 ,,us$ ,,= ,,rew>m+ ,,9 ,,freez+ ,,exp]im5ts1 #e ,,novemb] #aidb ,sigmund ,ras*]1 ,m4 ,d4 ,muni*1 ,trog]/rasse #ef1 #e ,novemb] #aidb ,subject3 ,reque/$ report on conc5tration camp pro/itutes4 ,= ! resuscitation exp]im5ts by animal w>m? aft] freez+ z ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,i _h f\r wom5 assign$ to me f ! wom5's conc5tration camp ,rav5sbrueck4 ,"o ( ! assign$ wom5 %[s unobjectionably ,nordic racial *>act]i/ics3 blond hair1 blue eyes1 correspond+ head & body /ructure1 #ba ye>s ( age4 ,i ask$ ! girl :y %e _h volunte]$ = ! bro!l4 ,i receiv$ ! answ]3 8,to get out ( ! conc5tration camp1 = we 7 promis$ t all ^? :o w\ld volunte] = ! bro!l = half a ye> w\ld !n be releas$ f ! conc5tration camp04 ,to my objection t x 0 a great %ame to volunte] z a pro/itute1 ,i 0 told3 8,r half a ye> 9 ! bro!l ?an half a ye> 9 ! conc5tration camp04 ,!n foll[$ an acc\nt ( a numb] ( mo/ peculi> conditions at camp ,rav5sbrueck4 ,mo/ ( ! report$ conditions 7 confirm$ by ! ?ree o!r pro/itutes & by ! female w>d5 :o _h accompani$ !m f ,rav5sbrueck4 ,x hurts my racial feel+s to expose to racially inf]ior conc5tration camp elem5ts a girl z a pro/itute :o has ! appe>ance ( a pure ,nordic & :o c\ld p]haps by assignm5t ( prop] "w be put on ! "r road4 ,!re=e1 ,i refus$ to use ?is girl = my exp]im5tal purposes & gave ! adequate reports to ! camp comm&] & ! adjutant ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,signature ,,dr4 ,s4 ,,ras*] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#cbj ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ajc ,,lett] ,,f ,,siev]s ,,to ,,br&t1 #bh ,,janu>y #aidc1 ,,& ,,ras*]',s ,,report ,,on ,,8 ,,discussions ,,) ,,grawitz ,,& ,,popp5dick ,! ,ahn5]be ,! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,b]l91 #bh ,janu>y #aidc ,p]sonal ,/aff ,g_/,r_/#h ,s #a_/,sb illegible %or?& notes ,att5tion3 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,r4 ,br&t ,b]l9 ,s4 ,w4 #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/r4 #h ,secret6 ,subject3 ,rese>* ( ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,de> comrade ,br&t6 ,i submit to y enclos$ a docum5t>y note ( ,dr4 ,ras*] on 8 discussion ) ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,rei*s>zt ,,ss ( #ac ,janu>y #aidc4 ,i w\ld be mu* oblig$ to y if y c\ld advise u z to :at attitude we or ,dr4 ,ras*] are to take 9 ! future4 ,i am slightly a/oni%$ ab\t ! c\rse ( ! discussion1 = ! ord]s ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 7 especially to ! effect t we--t is ! ,ahn5]be--7 to take ,dr4 ,ras*]'s "w "u our c>e4 ,! argum5t ( ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,grawitz1 t x con/itut$ an unbe>able situation to h a non-physician give in=mation on m$ical matt]s1 is n p]t95t4 ,i h nev] claim$ to be a judge ( m$ical matt]s1 nor d ,i consid] x z "o ( my duties4 ,my duty m]ely consi/s ( smoo?+ ! way = ! rese>* m5 & see+ t ! tasks ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss are c>ri$ out 9 ! quicke/ possible way4 ,on "o ?+ ,i c]ta9ly c =m an op9ion--t is1 on :o is do+ ! quicke/ job4 ,if ?+s are to g on 9 ! future z ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,grawitz desires1 ,i am afraid t ,dr4 ,ras*]'s "w w n cont9ue to advance z fa/ & unhamp]$ z hi!rto4 ,) comradely greet+s1 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs ,signature ,,siev]s ,/amp3 ,p]sonal ,/aff ,,rf ,,ss _/ ,enclosure ,receiv$ on3 #d? ,feb4 #aidc #a ,j\rnal ,no3 #aghf_/dc ,to3 ,,rb ,please turn6 ,,copy ,docum5t>y note on discussion ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,rei*s>zt ,,ss ,dr4 ,grawitz--,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,popp5dick--,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ras*]1 #ac ,janu>y #aidc4 ,,ras*]3 ,reports on freez+ exp]im5ts ) wat] & emphasizes t !y h be5 conclud$ practically1 b n 9 !ory4 ,,grawitz3 ,"q ab\t ! memor&um4 ,:e!r ,ras*] believes ?is to be absolutely e/abli%$ = dry freez+s1 too8 ,,ras*]3 ,no1 a lot ( !oretical "w is /ill to be done1 prim>ily _m practical exp]im5ts h /ill to be conduct$4 ,,grawitz3 ,t is my op9ion1 too4 ,we _c di/ribute a memor&um to ! troops1 aboli%+ all =m] views1 if ?is is n entirely well-f\nd$1 z o!rwise unc]ta9ties w arise among ! troops4 ,i %all write to ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,br&t t ,i am ask+ ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss n to di/ribute ! memor&um be=e a well-f\nd$ me?od ( treatm5t ( dry froz5 p]sons has be5 e/abli%$4 ,,ras*]3 ,v well1 t's :y ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss gave me ! ord] ( #ac ,decemb] #aidb4 ,b ,i urg5tly want to emphasize t ! results ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts ) wat] h be5 e/abli%$ & are well-f\nd$4 ,,grawitz3 ,well1 n[1 ?is _h to be m5tion$ 9 ! lett] to ,br&t s t y are n blam$ 9 any way6 ,y see1 f my =m] activities 7m5tion ( "s hospital7 ,i "k s mu* ab\t metabolism t ,i am almo/ a speciali/ 9 ?is field & c help y enorm\sly4 ,,ras*]3 ,z ,i und]/ood1 ,grupp5fuehr]1 t's :y ,i am to turn to y\r (fice = glass mat]ials1 *emicals1 etc4 ,,grawitz3 ,no4 ,n only = t4 ,y h to turn to me 9 all m$ical matt]s1 s9ce aft] all1 ,i am ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & all m$ical affairs are subord9ate to me4 ,x is absolutely necess>y t all m$ical matt]s de/9$ = ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss g ?r\gh my (fice4 ,,ras*]3 ,i don't "k1 ,grupp5fuehr]1 if ?is 0 ! int5tion4 ,i am "u ! direct ord]s ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ,i h always report$ directly to him4 ,i h nev] receiv$ ord]s to ano!r effect4 ,,grawitz3 ,y c]ta9ly w be transf]r$ to ! ,waff5 ,,ss8 ,,ras*]3 ,yes1 ,i hope s4 ,! transf] is "u way4 ,,grawitz3 ,!re y are4 ,!n y w be "u my ord]s z a physician at any rate & all matt]s w h to g ?r\gh my (fice1 o!rwise ! situation w\ld be unbe>able4 ,,ras*]3 ,b ,i am "u ! ord]s ( ! ,ahn5]be6 ,am ,i to report to y1 too1 :at ,i h to report to ! ,ahn5]be8 ,,grawitz3 ,c]ta9ly6 ,at lea/ a copy on all m$ical matt]s has to be s5t to me = my in=mation4 ,= x is an unbe>able situation to h a non-physician1 su* z ,/&>t5fuehr] ,siev]s1 in=m me on m$ical matt]s if he does n h ! adequate special m$ical education4 ,i h no?+ aga9/ ,siev]s4 ,well1 yes1 ,i "k y are ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,i don't say any?+ aga9/ y\r "w = ! ,ahn5]be1 b ,i want y to "w ) ! ,ahn5]be = ! ,rei* ,physician4 ,i %all also write to ,br&t on t matt]4 ,,popp5dick3 ,well1 ,i already _h to ask ,/&>t5fuehr] ,siev]s sev]al times to come to me to receive in=mation4 ,9 ! long run all m$ical matt]s w9d up ) u1 anyway4 ,,grawitz3 ,y see1 ?is is ! po9t6 ,:5 ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss does n und]/& a m$ical matt] cle>ly he h&s ! matt] ov] to me1 anyway4 ,,ras*]3 ,( c\rse1 ,i am grateful = e k9d ( help1 b ,i believe t ,i am prim>ily "u ! ord]s ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,,grawitz3 ,c]ta9ly n :5 y are a memb] ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,i am able to be ( mu* use to y ?r\gh my k & ,i %all in=m ,br&t to t effect4 ,x isn't t ,i be> a grudge aga9/ y or y\r "w1 b all ?+s h to foll[ _! c\rse4 ,don't be afraid1 sci5tific !fts don't occur ) u4 ,z ,i "k1 y h to acquire ! "r ( giv+ lectures at univ]sities z a qualifi$ academic tea*] "u ,pfann5/iel4 ,& y w ne$ support4 ,d y want to be support$ by me8 ,,ras*]3 ,( c\rse1 ,i ?ank y mo/ ob$i5tly4 ,:]e ,i ne$ support1 ,i gladly accept x4 ,,grawitz3 ,well1 we %all wait !n ) ! memor&um until y h a few hundr$ cases1 !n we %all cont9ue4 ,( c\rse1 ,i w\ld n l ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to believe t ,i want to imp$e y4 ,b if some?+ has n yet be5 prov$ to a great ext5t1 we _c di/ribute any?+ to ! troops t might spread unc]ta9ty among ! responsible au?orities6 ,ev]y?+ may be true = freez+ by wat]1 b we don't h t 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,s y agree to wait ) ! di/ribution ( ! memor&um4 ,,ras*]3 ,grupp5fuehr]1 anyway x is entirely y\r affair1 :e!r ! memor&um is issu$ n[1 z y are responsible = x4 ,i compos$ ! memor&um on ! basis ( ^! few cases ( dry freez+1 because ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss press$ = its publication4 ,9 compos+ ! memor&um1 ,i 0 fully aw>e ( ! necessity t _m exp]im5ts /ill h to be c>ri$ out1 & ,i also submitt$ ?is view on ! occasion ( a discussion ) ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 9 ,da*au4 ,b ! ,rei* ,lead] saw ! results 9 ,da*au & 9 want+ to help ! troops ord]$ ! memor&um to be drawn up4 ,,grawitz3 ,9 compos+ a memor&um or 9 any o!r sci5tific "w y %\ld n let anybody press y1 n ev5 ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 t w nev] d6 ,well n[1 y'll s5d me a copy ( all y\r m$ical correspond5ce ) ! ,ahn5]be1 & y'll no long] write directly to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 9 m$ical matt]s b write to me1 z x comes to me anyway4 ,w y d t8 ,,ras*]3 ,i'll h to discuss ! matt] ) ,/&>t5fuehr] ,siev]s fir/1 ?is comes too mu* z a surprise4 ,,grawitz3 ,well1 ,i %all s5d y a copy ( my lett] to ,dr4 ,br&t s t y c get a cle> picture4 ,i am v pleas$ to h e/abli%$ su* a close contact ) y4 ,?is is a c]tifi$ true copy4 ,signature ,,wolff ,,ss ,unt]/urmfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #afaf-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aje ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,himml]1 #ag ,,febru>y #aidc1 ,,& ,,summ>y ,,( ,,exp]im5ts ,,= ,,rew>m+ ,,( ,,*ill$ ,,human ,,be+s ,,by ,,animal ,,w>m?1 #ab ,,febru>y #aidc ,dr4 ,s4 ,ras*] ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,muni*1 #ag ,febru>y #aidc ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,police ,he9ri* ,himml] ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/r4 #h ,de> ,rei* ,lead]1 ,enclos$ ,i pres5t to y 9 cond5s$ =m a summ>y ( ! results ( ! exp]im5ts made 9 w>m+ up p :o h be5 cool$ (f by us+ animal heat4 ,"r n[ ,i am attempt+ to prove ?r\gh exp]im5ts on human be+s t x is possible to w>m up p cool$ (f by dry cold j z fa/ z p :o 7 cool$ (f by rema9+ 9 cold wat]4 ,! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss1 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,dr4 ,grawitz1 d\bt$ v mu* t t w\ld be possible & said t ,i w\ld h to prove x fir/ by #ajj exp]im5ts4 ,up to n[ ,i h cool$ (f ab\t #cj p /ripp$ 9 ! op5 air dur+ #i-ad h\rs at #bg-bi4 ,aft] a "t correspond+ to a transport ( #a h\r1 ,i put ^! subjects 9 a hot ba?4 ,up to n[ e s+le pati5t 0 completely w>m$ up )9 #a h\r at mo/1 ?\gh "s ( !m _h _! h&s & feet froz5 :ite4 ,9 "s cases a slight fatigue ) slightly ris+ temp]ature 0 obs]v$ on ! day foll[+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,i h n obs]v$ any fatal results f ?is extremely fa/ w>m+ up4 ,i h n s f> be5 able to d any w>m+ up by 8,sauna0 z ord]$ by y1 my de> ,rei* ,lead]1 z ! wea!r 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y 0 too w>m = any exp]im5ts 9 ! op5 air1 & "r n[ ! camp is clos$ on acc\nt ( typhoid & ,i am n all[$ !re=e to br+ 9 subjects1 = 8,sauna0 exp]im5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,) mo/ ob$i5t greet+s & s9c]e gratitude1 & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs v devot$ly ,,ras*] 7enclosure7 99 99 99 99 99 ,secret ,exp]im5ts = rew>m+ ( int5sely *ill$ human be+s by animal w>m? ,a4 ,purpose ( ! ,exp]im5ts ,to asc]ta9 :e!r ! rew>m+ ( int5sely *ill$ human be+s by animal w>m?1 i4 e41 ! w>m? ( animals or human be+s1 is z good or bett] ?an rew>m+ by physical or m$ical means4 ,b4 ,me?od ( ! ,exp]im5ts ,! exp]im5tal subjects 7 cool$ 9 ! usual way--clad or unclad--9 cold wat] ( temp]atures v>y+ betwe5 #d ,c4 & #i ,c4 ,! rectal temp]ature ( e exp]im5tal subject 0 record$ !rmoelectrically4 ,! r$uction ( temp]ature occurr$ )9 ! usual span ( "t v>y+ 9 accordance ) ! g5]al condition ( ! body ( ! exp]im5tal subject & ! temp]ature ( ! wat]4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects 7 remov$ f ! wat] :5 _! rectal temp]ature rea*$ #cj ,c4 ,at ?is "t ! exp]im5tal subjects _h all lo/ consci\sness4 ,9 eight cases ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 !n plac$ betwe5 two nak$ wom5 9 a spaci\s b$4 ,! wom5 7 suppos$ to ne/le z closely z possible to ! *ill$ p]son4 ,!n all ?ree p]sons 7 cov]$ ) blankets4 ,a spe$+ up ( rew>m+ by light cradles or by m$ic9es 0 n attempt$4 ,c4 ,results #a4 ,:5 ! temp]ature ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 0 record$ x 0 /rik+ t an aft]-drop ( temp]ature up to #c ,c4 occurr$1 :i* is a great] aft]-drop ?an se5 ) any o!r me?od ( rew>m+4 ,x 0 obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t consci\sness return$ at an e>li] po9t1 t is1 at a l[] body temp]ature ?an ) o!r me?ods ( rew>m+4 ,once ! subjects rega9$ consci\sness !y did n lose x aga91 b v quickly grasp$ ! situation & snuggl$ up to ! nak$ female bodies4 ,! rise ( body temp]ature !n occurr$ at ab\t ! same spe$ z 9 exp]im5tal subjects :o _h be5 rew>m$ by pack+ 9 blankets4 ,exceptions 7 f\r exp]im5tal subjects :o1 at body temp]atures betwe5 #cj ,c4 & #cb ,c41 p]=m$ ! act ( sexual int]c\rse4 ,9 ^! exp]im5tal subjects ! temp]ature rose v rapidly aft] sexual int]c\rse1 :i* c\ld be comp>$ ) ! spe$y rise 9 temp]ature 9 a hot ba?4 #b4 ,ano!r set ( exp]im5ts conc]n$ ! rew>m+ ( int5sely *ill$ p]sons by "o woman4 ,9 all ^! cases rew>m+ 0 significantly quick] ?an c\ld be accompli%$ by two wom54 ,! cause ( ?is seems to me t 9 w>m+ by "o woman only1 p]sonal inhibitions are remov$1 & ! woman ne/les up to ! *ill$ individual mu* m intimately4 ,also 9 ^! cases1 ! return ( complete consci\sness 0 /rik+ly rapid4 ,only "o exp]im5tal subject did n return to consci\sness & ! w>m+ effect 0 only slight4 ,?is p]son di$ ) symptoms sugge/+ c]ebral hemorrhage1 z 0 confirm$ by subsequ5t autopsy4 ,d4 ,summ>y ,rew>m+ exp]im5ts ( int5sely *ill$ exp]im5tal subjects demon/rat$ t rew>m+ ) animal w>m? 0 v sl[4 ,only su* exp]im5tal subjects ^: physical condition p]mitt$ sexual int]c\rse rew>m$ !mselves rem>kably quickly & %[$ an equally /rik+ly rapid return to complete physical well-be+4 ,s9ce excessively long exposure ( ! body to l[ temp]atures implies dang] ( int]nal damage1 t me?od mu/ be *os5 = rew>m+ :i* gu>antees ! quicke/ relief f dang]\sly l[ temp]atures4 ,?is me?od1 accord+ to our exp]i5ces1 is a massive & rapid supply ( w>m? by means ( a hot ba?4 ,rew>m+ ( int5sely *ill$ human be+s by human or animal w>m? c !re=e be recomm5d$ only 9 su* cases 9 :i* o!r possibilities = rew>m+ are n available1 or 9 cases ( specially t5d] individuals :o possibly may n be able to /& a massive & rapid supply ( w>m?4 ,z = example1 ,i am ?9k+ ( int5sely *ill$ small *ildr51 :o are be/ rew>m$ by ! body ( _! mo!rs1 ) ! aid ( hot wat] bottles4 ,da*au1 #ab ,febru>y #aidc4 ,signature ,,dr4 ,s4 ,,ras*] ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bfh ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ajf ,,lett] ,,f ,,hippke ,,to ,,himml]1 #ai ,,febru>y #aidc1 ,,on ,,freez+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,9 ,,da*au ,! ,inspector ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe ,b]l9 ,w#h1 #ai ,febru>y #aidc ,leipzig] ,/rasse ,phone numb]s3 illegible ,cable address3 ,rei*sluft ,b]l9 ,file ,no4 #ee ,no4 #hajch_/dc 7#b ,,iib7 ,rei* ,lead]1 ,! exp]im5ts conduct$ 9 ,da*au conc]n+ protective measures aga9/ ! effects ( freez+ on ! human body by imm]sion 9 cold wat] h l$ to results ( practical use4 ,!y 7 conduct$ by ! ,/absa]zte ,capta9s ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,holzloehn]1 ,dr4 ,f9k1 & ,dr4 ,ras*] 9 coop]ation ) ! ,,ss1 & are n[ f9i%$4 ,! results 7 report$ ^u by ^? :o work$ on !m dur+ a conf]5ce on m$ical problems aris+ f di/ress at sea & w9t] h>d%ips1 on #bf & #bg ,octob] #aidb1 at ,nu]nb]g4 ,! detail$ report on ! conf]5ce is at pres5t 9 /ate ( prep>ation4 ,i ?ank y mo/ gratefully = ! great assi/ance t ! coop]ation ( ! ,,ss has meant = u 9 conduct+ ! exp]im5ts1 & beg y to express our ?anks1 too1 to ! comm&] ( ! ,da*au camp4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,signature ,,pr(4 ,,dr4 ,,hippke #b 8 ,feb #aidc #aeji_/dc ,,rf /amp illegible figures #aeji_/dc h&writt5 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #aehj-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ajg ,,lett] ,,f ,,himml] ,,to ,,ras*]1 #bf ,,febru>y #aidc1 ,,on ,,freez+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,conc5tration ,,camps ,,aus*witz ,,& ,,lubl9 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss #aeaf_/dc #bf ,febru>y #aidc ,secret ,de> ,ras*]1 ,be/ ?anks = y\r lett] ( #ag ,febru>y#bi ) report on w>m+-up exp]im5ts4 ,i agree to exp]im5ts be+ made at ,aus*witz or ,lubl91 al?\gh ,i believe t ! "t = ! cool+-(f & w>m+-up te/s "u natural conditions ( cold wea!r has ne>ly pass$ = ?is w9t]4 ,i am s5d+ ?is lett] at ! same "t to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl1 :om ,i reque/ to ord] ! execution ( y\r exp]im5ts at ,lubl9 or ,aus*witz4 ,k9d greet+s & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs ,sign$ ,h4 ,,himml] #b4 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl ,transmitt$ ) reque/ to take note & to take ! necess>y /eps4 ,by ord]1 ,signature 7illegible7 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bib ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aaa ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #d ,,april #aidc1 ,,report+ ,,on ,,dry-,,freez+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,9 ,,da*au ,dr4 m$4 ,sigmund ,ras*] #d ,april #aidc ,to ,h]r ,ob]regi]ungsrat ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,r4 ,br&t ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/rasse #h ,mu* e/eem$ ,ob]/urmbannfuehr]6 99 99 99 99 99 ,! "q ( ! sav+ ( p froz5 9 ! op5 air has 9 ! meantime be5 cle>$ up1 s9ce1 ?ank goodness1 !re 0 once aga9 a p]iod ( heavy fro/ wea!r 9 ,da*au4 ,c]ta9 p 7 9 ! op5 air = #ad h\rs at -#f ,c41 rea*$ an int]nal temp]ature ( #be ,c4 ) p]iph]al freez+s1 & 7 all able to be sav$ by a hot ba?4 ,z ,i said3 x is easy to contradict6 ,b be=e someone does s1 he %\ld come & see = himself4 ,moreov]1 a report ab\t freez+ 9 ! op5 air w be s5t to ! ,rei* ,lead] 9 ! next few days4 ,) be/ wi%es1 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs gratefully1 ,signature ,s4 ,,ras*] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#cbb ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aad ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,ke9dl1 #bh ,,april #aidc1 ,,ab\t ,,previ\s ,,freez+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,conduct$ ,,at ,,sa*s5haus5 ,dr4 m$4 ,s4 ,ras*]1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,p]sonal ,/aff ,lead] ,,ss ,division 7,abteilung7 ,*ief at ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ,(fice ,a 7,amt ,a7 ,da*au #c,k1 #bh ,april #aidc ,to ! ,comm&] ( ! ,sa*s5haus5 ,conc5tration ,camp1 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,ke9dl ,sa*s5haus51 ne> ,orani5burg ,ob]/urmbannfuehr]6 ,by ord] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,i h be5 conduct+ freez+ exp]im5ts on human be+s 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp = m ?an a ye>4 ,today ,i le>n$ f an exp]im5tal subject t ,i 0 n ! only "o conduct+ ^! exp]im5ts1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 already 9 ,octob] & ,novemb] #aich1 simil> exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ 9 ! ,sa*s5haus5 conc5tration camp4 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,sam5/rang is said to h froz5 exp]im5tal subjects--t is prison]s--9 cold wat]1 & subsequ5tly reviv$ !m by means ( w>m wat] or hot compresses4 ,z ,i 0 to "w out & h work$ out a prescription = ! ,waff5 ,,ss = ! resuscitation ( froz5 p]sons 7= ! campaign 9 ! ,ea/71 k ( all prelim9>y exp]im5ts 9 my field ( "w is ( great importance = me4 ,i !re=e reque/ t if possible y let me "k :at k9d ( exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ 9 y\r camp1 &1 if possible1 :at results 7 obta9$ 9 connection ) ^! exp]im5ts4 ,z y might n "k any?+ ab\t me1 please make inquiries ab\t me1 if necess>y1 ei!r at ! ,p]sonal ,/aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 7,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,baum]t7 or f ! ,comm&] ( ! ,da*au conc5tration camp1 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,weiss4 ,y\rs s9c]ely ,heil ,hitl]6 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bca ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aaf ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,siev]s1 #ag ,,may #aidc1 ,,conc]n+1 ,a ,,conf]5ce ,,) ,,gebh>dt ,,on ,,freez+ ,,exp]im5ts ,copy ,by ,mess5g]6 ,dr4 m$4 ,ras*]1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,da*au #c,k1 #ag ,may #aidc ,to3 ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ( ! ,ahn5]be ,society ,attn3 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,siev]s ,b]l9-,dahlem1 #af ,pueckl] ,/reet ,de> ,/&>t5fuehr]6 ,! foll[+ conta9s a %ort acc\nt ( my report to ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,dr4 ,gebh>dt4 ,on #ad ,may #aidc1 ,i report$ to ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt at ,hoh5ly*54 ,i _h h>dly arriv$1 :5 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,dr4 ,gebh>dt ask$ me 9 a v l\d voice to expla9 h[ ,i d>$ to submit speciali/ m$ical reports directly to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 7he 0 ref]r+ to ! treatise on 8,! ,cool+ ( ,human ,be+s ,outdoors074 ,i actually did n ev5 get a *ance to speak & practically c\ldn't reply any?+4 ,!n1 :5 ,i tri$ to reply1 ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt said t if ,i want$ to defy him1 my tra9 w\ld be leav+ = ,b]l9 at #c o'clock4 ,:5 ,i 0 f9ally giv5 ! opportunity to speak ,i 0 able to po9t out to ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt t ! report 9 "q 0 n meant to be a /rictly sci5tific "w1 b simply 0 a %ort in=mation = ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss on ! results ( ! exp]im5ts conduct$ up to n[4 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt _h tak5 ! view t ! report 0 unsci5tific1 & if a /ud5t ( ! second t]m d>$ to submit a treatise ( t k9d1 he w\ld ?r[ him out4 ,lat] on ,i 0 able to tell him t ( c\rse all ! physiological-*emical exp]im5ts t c\ld be c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au ) ! available in/rum5ts _h inde$ be5 conduct$4 ,:]eupon ,dr4 ,gebh>dt repli$3 8,i c imag9e t y did a lot ( "w2 "o c tell x f ?is job4 ,if ,i _h n believ$ t y did a lot ( "w1 ,i w\ld n h ask$ y to come at all40 ,9 addition ,dr4 ,gebh>dt said t he int5d$ to m]ge all ! gr\ps ( physicians work+ indep5d5tly )9 ! ,,ss1 s9ce t w\ld suit ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss mu* bett] ?an individual p work+ on _! own4 ,besides t1 he said t ,i someh[ ought to le>n univ]sity me?ods ( work+ s9ce v likely ,i did n yet h ! prop] tra9+4 ,he sugge/$ t x 0 necess>y = me to get out ( ,da*au s9ce !re ,i 0 q left to myself & _h no guidance :atsoev]2 t s9ce ,i int5d$ to ent] ^u a univ]sity c>e]1 ,i w\ld by all means h to complete ! tra9+ ( a univ]sity assi/ant fir/4 ,he fur!r said t all ^? ,,ss physicians1 :o are qualifi$ to ent] ^u a univ]sity c>e]1 _h ! duty to d s4 ,^u my reply t = t reason ,i 0 already 9 t\* ) ,pr(essor ,pfann5/iel1 ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt repli$ t ^! matt]s ought to be process$ by a c5traliz$ ag5cy4 ,9 future x w\ld n d t ,i s5d any reports directly to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 b t fur!r reports to s]ve _! purpose w\ld h to be transmitt$ ?r\gh him to ! ,rei* ,lead]4 ,if ! report _h rea*$ a suitable /age1 he w\ld fir/ in=m ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 & !n g to see ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss toge!r ) me4 ,f9ally ,dr4 ,gebh>dt ask$ me to give him data on my p]sonal & sci5tific c>e] to enable him to make fur!r arrangem5ts4 ,he reque/$ me to call aga9 9 ! aft]noon4 ,:5 ,i call$ 9 ! aft]noon1 ,i 01 z 9 ! morn+1 accompani$ by ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,fis*]4 ,?is "t ,dr4 ,gebh>dt 0 extremely amiable4 ,he ask$ me :e!r ,i n[ agre$ ) 8 arrangem5ts2 x w\ld be by f> ! be/ ,i c\ld d1 if ,i jo9$ him4 ,i %\ld n worry1 b j cont9ue my "w 9 ,da*au1 until ,i _h f9i%$ my jobs4 ,lat]1 "o w\ld see :at 0 to be done = ! future4 ,^u my "q1 :at x 0 all ab\t1 & :o 0 my sup]ior1 :e!r ! ,rei*s>zt ,,ss1 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,dr4 ,grawitz1 :o _h come = an inspection sev]al days ago1 ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 z he p]sonally _h promis$ me1 or ! ,ahn5]be1 ( :i* ,i _h be5 a memb] = ye>s1 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt sugge/$ t all t w be /raight5$ out4 ,j tru/ x to me4 ,b ,i'll ne$ y\r curriculum vitae soon1 s9ce ,i h to report to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss on #bc ,may4 ,may ,i ask y1 ,/&>t5fuehr]1 "u :om ,i am actually work+8 ,"u ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ! ,ahn5]be1 ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss or ,dr4 ,gebh>dt8 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt has already ask$ me :y ,i am n a memb] ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,^u my answ] t ,dr4 ,hippke does n l to let me g1 he decl>$ t ,i 0 too able = him to let me g4 ,/&>t5fuehr]6 ,if ! same tug ( w> />ts 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss z has be5 go+ on betwe5 ,luftwaffe & ! ,,ss1 ,i'd r d )\t a transf] to ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,i 0 promis$ t ,i w\ld cont9ue to "w "u ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss or "u ! ,ahn5]be4 ,b ,i _c s]ve sev]al ma/]s at ! same "t4 ,( c\rse ,i am conv9c$ t ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt has ! be/ ( int5tions4 ,8 assi/ants are en?usia/ic ab\t him4 ,if ,i am compell$ to ask ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt's advice ea* "t ,i am go+ to />t a new exp]im5t1 ,i w get s mu* involv$ 9 ! academic r\t9e t ,i won't ev5 be all[$ to exp]im5t ) su* a me?od z rapid resuscitation :i* ov]?r[s all ! e/abli%$ cl9ical exp]i5ces because ! results contradict ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt's me?ods :i* are bas$ ^u c5turies-old cl9ical exp]i5ces4 ,also ! coop]ation ) ,pr(essor von ,luetzelb]g w\ld ?us come to an end1 z ^! exp]im5ts are f ! v />t contradictory to ! hi!rto recogniz$ cl9ical exp]i5ces4 ,i ?9k1 ?is arrangem5t w\ld /op ev]y?+ t really ought to be exp]im5t$4 ,i pray y ) all my he>t1 ,/&>t5fuehr]1 to h&le ?is affair 9 su* a way t ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt1 :o is a v close fri5d ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss does n become my enemy4 ,i ?9k t ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt c & w be an extremely disagreeable adv]s>y4 ,be=e ,i get into tr\ble ) him1 ,i w\ld r resign my job & ask = an imm$iate transf] to ! ,luftwaffe = combat s]vice4 ,i !re=e ask y aga9 to deal ) ?is affair ) z mu* circumspection z x actually requires1 because 9 addition ,i am conv9c$ t ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt 7ap>t f 8 p]sonal ambition7 really has good int5tions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,v respectfully y\rs & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs v devot$ly ,signature ,s4 ,,ras*] ,?is is to c]tify t ! above copy is true3 ,signature ,,siev]s ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr]4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dcb ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aai ,,lett] ,,f ,,ras*] ,,to ,,neff1 #ba ,,octob] #aidc1 ,,conc]n+ ,,dry-,,freez+ ,,exp]im5ts ,dr4 ,s4 ,ras*] ,da*au1 #ba ,octob] #aidc ,to ,police-,rottwa*tmei/] ,walt] ,neff ,police ,tra9+ ,battalion ,i ,dresd5-,hell]au ,de> ,neff3 ,y\r lett] dat$ #aa4aj rea*$ me "h on #ae4aj4 ,fir/ ( all _m ?anks = y\r decision to write su* a detail$ lett]4 ,i really 0 v pleas$ ab\t x4 ,to come "r away to ! affair conc]n$3 ,i am v sorry to he> t y are be+ bulli$1 especially z !re exi/s no reason at all = x4 ,please let me "k ! "n1 rank1 & address ( y\r comm&+ (fic] because ,i mo/ c]ta9ly w take ! matt] up4 ,!re is no purpose at all 9 y\r gett+ /uck !re4 ,f9ally ,i too "k h[ ! g5]al condition ( y\r heal? _h be51 :5 y 7 /ill "h1 & ,i also am able to judge t y _c g ?r\gh heavy infantry tra9+4 ,i am glad t y h become accu/om$ to ! ideals ( ! place & ,i am conv9c$ t y w\ld be glad to g to ! front4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 ,i believe t ,i ne$ y m urg5tly ?an y are ne$$ at ! front4 ,z a matt] ( fact ,i ne$ y = ! foll[+3 ,f ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil ,rei*s=s*ungsrat ,i got ! ord] to c>ry out op5 c\ntry freez+ exp]im5ts & ,i ?9k !y w take place on ! ,sudelfeld4 ,n[ ,i ne$ urg5tly a mo/ reliable man1 acqua9t$ ) ! mat]ial1 & t is y 9 ?is case4 ,dur+ ! next few days ,i w g ) ,siev]s to ! ,fuehr]'s ,headqu>t]s ,fuehr]hauptqu>ti]1 & report !re 9 ?is s5se1 & w let y "k imm$iately4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i expect y\r notice soon1 & rema9 until !n ) s9c]e/ comradely reg>ds1 ,y\r old *ief1 ,initial$ ,r4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#fij ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #abj ,,li/ ,,( ,,rese>* ,,projects ,,f ,,! ,,files ,,( ,,! ,,rei* ,,rese>* ,,c\ncil ,canc] ,rese>*--#gj--;copies #ae p5cil notation #be? copy4 ,work$ on by3 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k4 ,blome ,b]l9 ,,sw #fh ,l9d5/r4 #db #gg p5cil notation ,telephone3 #agdhga #ibi p5cil notation ,priority3 8,,ss0 ,,ss-,no4 ,reque/$ by-- ,topic ,regi/ration,degree ( ,no4 secrecy #jdec ,s*w>z1 ,kruft ,combat+ ( #bjeh_/ae potato bug4 #jdif ,seel1 ,poznan ,inve/igation ( #baah_/ae means = combat+ agricultural p>asites & = dis9fection ( ! soil4 #jcbh ,ras*]1 ,muni* ,rew>m+ aft] #ahgi_/ae g5]al freez+ ( ! human body2 heal+ aft] p>tial freez+s2 adju/m5t ( ! human body to l[ temp]atures4 #jcbi ,hirt1 ,/rasb\rg ,*anges 9 ! #ahha_/ae liv+ organism "u ! influ5ce ( poison gases4 #jdae von ,bor/ell1 ,colonel1,developm5t ( #aige_/ae ,secret4 ,weim>-,nohra4 aircraft app>atus = insecticides & fungicides :i* c be spray$4 ,canc] ,rese>* ,work$ on by3 ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,k4 ,blome ,b]l9 ,,sw #fh ,l9d5/r4 #db ,telephone3 #agdhga ,deputy3 ,dr4 ,breu] ,b]l9-,/eglitz ,grunewald/r4 #ce ,telephone3 #gbfjga ,no4 ,reque/$ by-- ,topic #jded_/aheg_/ae,zipf1 ,ko5igsb]g ,te/s ( food colors = _! canc]-caus+ effect on animals4 #jdgc_/ahch_/ae,spek1 ,heidelb]g ,physio-*emical inve/igations on liv+ cells4 ,/amp ,top ,secret ,! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil #bb p5cil notation ,! ,director ( ! ,bus9ess ,managem5t ,committee ,canc] ,rese>* #c;d copy ,au?oriz$ p]son3 ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,kurt ,blome ,b]l9 ,,sw #fh1 ,l9d5/r4 #db 8,nessel/$0 ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,blome1 ,commission] = ,canc] ,rese>*1 ,b]l9 ,,sw #fh4 ,l9d5/r4 #db ,,de #adac--,,rps--,,vli_/#dd ,,ss #dhia--jbdb 7#agci_/ae7 #dd ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,tribunal ,,witness ,,walt] ,,neff#cj ,,exam9ation ,,by ,,prosecution 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,:5 did ! freez+ exp]im5ts />t8 ,,witness ,,neff3 ,! fir/ freez+ exp]im5ts />t$ dur+ ,augu/ or at ! end ( ,july4 ,!y 7 conduct$ by ,pr(4 ,holzloehn]1 ,dr4 ,f9ke1 & ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,! freez+ exp]im5ts c be divid$ into two sep>ate classes1 ! ,holzloehn]-,f9ke s]ies1 :i* 7 lat] dropp$1 & a s]ies :]e ,dr4 ,ras*] conduct$ ^! exp]im5ts himself4 ,q4 ,all "r4 ,suppose y describe ! exp]im5tal bas94 ,a4 ,! exp]im5tal bas9 0 built ( wood4 ,x 0 #b met]s long & #b met]s high4 ,x 0 rais$ ab\t #ej c5timet]s above ! floor & x 0 9 ,block ,no4 #e4 ,9 ! exp]im5tal *amb] & bas9 !re 7 _m light+ in/rum5ts & o!r app>atus :i* 7 us$ 9 ord] to c>ry out measurem5ts4 ,q4 ,n[1 y h /at$ t y c divide ! freez+ exp]im5ts into two gr\ps1 "o :]e ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke 7 work+ ) ,ras*] & !n ! p]iod aft] ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke _h left8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 w y tell ! ,tribunal approximately h[ _m p]sons 7 us$ ov] ! :ole p]iod8 ,t is1 includ+ bo? gr\ps t y h m5tion$4 ,a4 ,two hundr$ & eighty to ?ree hundr$ exp]im5tal subjects 7 us$ = ^! freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,!re 7 really #cfj to #djj exp]im5ts t 7 conduct$1 s9ce _m exp]im5tal subjects 7 us$ = m ?an "o su* exp]im5t--sometimes ev5 = ?ree4 ,q4 ,n[1 out ( ! total ( #bhj or #cjj prison]s us$1 approximately h[ _m di$8 ,a4 ,approximately #hj to #ij subjects di$ z a result ( ^! freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,n[1 h[ _m exp]im5tal subjects d y rememb] t !y us$ 9 ! ,holzloehn]-,f9ke-,ras*] exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,dur+ t p]iod ( "t approximately #ej to #fj subjects 7 us$ = exp]im5tal purposes4 ,q4 ,did any ( ^! exp]im5tal subjects die8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,dur+ t p]iod ( "t !re 7 ab\t #ae1 maybe ev5 #ah cases ( dea?4 ,q4 ,:5 0 t exp]im5tal s]ies conclud$8 ,a4 ,x 0 conclud$ 9 ! mon? ( ,octob]4 ,i ?9k x 0 at ! end ( ,octob]4 ,at t "t ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke discont9u$ ^! exp]im5ts1 giv+ ! reason t !y _h accompli%$ _! purpose & t x 0 useless to c>ry out fur!r exp]im5ts ( t k9d4 ,q4 ,& !n ,ras*] cont9u$ exp]im5ts on 8 own8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,ras*] conduct$ ^! exp]im5ts say+ t he _h to build a sci5tific basis = !m & he prep>$ a lecture = ,m>burg ,univ]sity on ! subject4 ,q4 ,h[ long did ,ras*] cont9ue to exp]im5t ) freez+ by cold wat]8 ,a4 ,until ,may #aidc4 ,q4 ,n[1 7 ! exp]im5tal subjects = ! freez+ exp]im5ts select$ 9 ! same way z = ! high-altitude exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,"h ,ras*] turn$ to ! camp adm9i/ration & told !m t he ne$$ s & s _m exp]im5tal subjects4 ,!n ! political dep>tm5t ( ! camp select$ #aj inmates by "n4 ,t li/ 0 s5t to ! camp comm&ant & 0 sign$ by ! camp comm&ant & !y 7 !n s5t to ,ras*]'s /ation & ! subjects on t li/ _h to be exp]im5t$ on4 ,i 0 able to use ! orig9al li/ z evid5ce 9 ! fir/ ,da*au trial4 ,q4 ,d ,i und]/& !n t ! exp]im5tal subjects us$ 9 ! freez+ exp]im5ts 7 political prison]s8 ,a4 ,!re 7 a numb] ( political prison]s & also a numb] ( =eign]s1 b !re 7 also prison]s ( w> & inmates :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,q4 ,^! p]sons 7 n volunte]s1 7 !y8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,suppose y describe to ! ,tribunal exactly h[ ^! freez+ exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out1 t is :at te/s !y made1 h[ !y measur$ ! temp]ature & h[ ! temp]ature ( ! wat] 0 l[]$ 9 ! bas9 & s =?8 ,a4 ,^! bas9s 7 fill$ ) wat]1 & ice 0 add$ until ! wat] measur$ #c1 & ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 ei!r dress$ 9 a fly+ suit or 7 plac$ into ! ice wat] nak$4 ,dur+ ! p]iod :5 ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke 7 active1 mo/ exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ "u n>cotics because he ma9ta9$ t y c\ld n f9d ! exact condition ( ! blood1 & t y w\ld exclude ! w p[] ( ! exp]im5tal subject if he 0 "u an anae/hetic4 ,n[ :5ev] ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 consci\s1 x took "s "t until s-call$ freez+ n>cosis set 94 ,! temp]ature 0 measur$ rectally & ?r\gh ! /oma* ?r\gh ! ,galvanomet] app>atus4 ,! l[]+ ( ! temp]ature to #cb 0 t]rible = ! exp]im5tal subject4 ,at #cb ! exp]im5tal subject lo/ consci\sness4 ,^! p]sons 7 froz5 d[n to #be body temp]ature1 & n[ 9 ord] to enable y to und]/& ?is problem1 ,i %\ld l to tell y some?+ ab\t ! ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke p]iod4 ,dur+ ! p]iod :5 ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke 7 active1 no exp]im5tal subject 0 actually kill$ 9 ! wat]4 ,dea?s occurr$ all ! m readily because dur+ revival ! temp]ature dropp$ ev5 fur!r & s he>t failure result$4 ,?is 0 also caus$ by wrongly appli$ !rapy1 s t 9 contra/ to ! l[-pressure exp]im5ts1 dea?s 7 n delib]ately caus$4 ,9 ! air-pressure *amb] on ! o!r h&1 ea* dea? _c be describ$ z an accid5t1 b z willful murd]4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 diff]5t :5 ,ras*] p]sonally took ov] ^! exp]im5ts4 ,at t "t a l>ge numb] ( ! p]sons involv$ 7 kept 9 ! wat] until !y 7 dead4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 y h id5tifi$ ! def5dant ,weltz 9 ! def5dants' dock4 ,on :at occasion did y meet ,weltz8 ,a4 ,i met ,weltz 9 ,muni*4 ,i saw him !re once4 ,accord+ to my recollection x 0 9 ,luftgau ,komm&o ,,vii1 ,pr9zreg5t5 ,/rasse ,no4 #b1 & ,i saw him speak to ,ras*] !re1 & at a lat] date ,ras*] told me t t 0 ,pr(essor ,weltz4 ,i rememb] ?is incid5t especially s9ce ,ras*] (t5 discuss$ ,weltz & 8 animal exp]im5ts1 :i* he c>ri$ out ) ref]5ce to freez+4 ,i nev] saw ,pr(essor ,weltz 9 ,da*au or any:]e 9 ! camp4 ,q4 ,d y "k1 ,witness1 :e!r ,ras*] & ,weltz ex*ang$ in=mation on freez+ problems8 ,a4 ,i don't "k t4 ,i w\ld assume s1 s9ce ,ras*] discuss$ ,pr(essor ,weltz' exp]im5ts1 & he c]ta9ly mu/ h _h "s discussions ) ,weltz on ! subject4 ,h[ev]1 ,i "k ( no correspond5ce ) ,weltz4 ,q4 ,d y recall ! occasion :5 two ,russian (fic]s 7 exp]im5t$ ^u 9 ! freez+ exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,w y relate t incid5t to ! ,tribunal8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,x 0 ! wor/ exp]im5t :i* 0 ev] c>ri$ out4 ,two ,russian (fic]s 7 c>ri$ out f ! bunk]4 ,we 7 =bidd5 to speak to !m4 ,!y arriv$ at approximately #d o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,ras*] _h !m undress$ & !y _h to g into ! bas9 nak$4 ,h\r aft] h\r pass$ & :ile usually aft] a %ort "t1 #fj m9utes1 freez+ _h set 91 ^! two ,russians 7 /ill consci\s aft] #b h\rs4 ,all our appeals to ,ras*] ask+ him to give !m an injection 7 ( no avail4 ,approximately dur+ ! ?ird h\r "o ,russian said to ! o!r1 8,comrade1 tell t (fic] to %oot u40 ,! o!r repli$1 8,don't expect any m]cy f ?is ,fasci/ dog40 ,!n !y %ook h&s & said 8,goodbye1 ,comrade40 ,if y c imag9e t we inmates _h to witness su* a dea?1 & c\ld d no?+ ab\t x1 !n y c judge h[ t]rible x is to be condemn$ to "w 9 su* an exp]im5tal /ation4 ,aft] ^! words 7 translat$ = ,ras*] 9 a some:at diff]5t =m by a "y ,pole1 ,ras*] w5t back into 8 (fice4 ,! "y ,pole tri$ at once to give !m an ane/hetic ) *lor(orm1 b ,ras*] return$ imm$iately & ?reat5$ to %oot u ) 8 pi/ol if we d>$ approa* ^! victims aga94 ,! exp]im5t la/$ at lea/ #e h\rs until dea? occurr$4 ,bo? corpses 7 s5t to ,muni* = autopsy 9 ! ,s*wab+ ,hospital4 ,q4 ,witness1 h[ long did x normally take to kill a p]son 9 ^! freez+ exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,! l5g? ( ! exp]im5t v>i$1 accord+ to ! individual case4 ,:e!r ! subject 0 clo!d or unclo!d also made a diff]5ce4 ,if he 0 slight 9 build & if 9 addition to t he 0 nak$1 dea? (t5 occurr$ aft] only #hj m9utes4 ,b !re 7 a numb] ( cases :]e ! exp]im5tal subject liv$ up to #c h\rs1 & rema9$ 9 ! wat] until f9ally dea? occurr$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,w y describe to ! ,tribunal ! me?od us$ = rew>m+ ! victims ( ! freez+ exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,dur+ ! p]iod :5 ,ras*]1 ,holzloehn]1 & ,f9ke 7 !re1 rew>m+ 0 9 ! beg9n+ c>ri$ out by massage & p>tly by means ( injections ( drugs affect+ ! he>t1 & also by means ( rew>m+ by electrical heat]s & sometimes by means ( a w>m ba?4 ,at ! end ( ! ,holzloehn] p]iod1 ! hot wat] rew>m+ me?od 0 introduc$1 & t 0 c>ri$ out until ! end ( ! rew>m+ exp]im5ts ) ! exception ( a few special exp]im5ts ) animal heat4 ,ab\t #aj wom5 f ! conc5tration camp at ,rav5sbrueck 7 ord]$ to report to ,da*au to supply ! heat & 7 =c$ to press !mselves aga9/ ! body ( ! froz5 p]son 9 ord] to rew>m him 9 t mann]4 ,^! are ! me?ods :i* 7 employ$ 9 ord] to rew>m ! froz5 body4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 did ,i und]/& y to say t ! hot wat] ba? me?od ( rew>m+ 0 n adopt$ until aft] ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke _h left8 ,a4 ,aft] ,holzloehn] & ,f9ke _h left ! /ation1 hot wat] rew>m+ 0 also c>ri$ out4 ,q4 ,d y recall receiv+ ord]s 9 ,septemb] #aidb f ,siev]s to take ! he>ts & lungs ( five inmates :o _h be5 kill$ to ,pr(essor ,hirt 9 ,/rasb\rg = fur!r sci5tific /udy8 ,a4 ,x is correct t ,i _h to take specim5s belong+ to five p]sons :o di$ dur+ exp]im5ts f ! morgue to ,hirt 9 ,/rasb\rg4 ,i myself1 ( c\rse1 h nev] done any dissect+ & !re=e did n prep>e ^! specim5s4 ,siev]s ord]$ me to g to ,/rasb\rg & !re deliv] ! glasses to ,pr(essor ,hirt1 toge!r ) an accompany+ lett]4 ,?is 0 ! end ( ,septemb] or ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]4 ,! travel w>rant _h be5 made out by ,siev]s & ! travel+ exp5ses 7 also paid by ! ,ahn5]be4 ,q4 ,_h ! five exp]im5tal subjects be5 kill$ %ortly be=e y left = ,/rasb\rg8 ,a4 ,i _c rememb] ) absolute c]ta9ty :e!r ! specim5s 7 fre% or :e!r !y 7 tak5 f old] corpses4 ,i d "k t among ! specim5s !re 0 "o f a ,dut*man4 ,i _c recollect = c]ta9 ! nationality ( ! o!r f\r4 ,q4 ,did y deliv] ^! he>ts & lungs to ,pr(essor ,hirt 9 ,/rasb\rg8 ,a4 ,i deliv]$ !m 9 ,/rasb\rg1 n to ,pr(essor ,hirt himself b to ! laboratory at ! ,univ]sity !re4 ,! lett] to ,pr(essor ,hirt ,i h&$ to him p]sonally1 & he want$ me to return & see him 9 ! aft]noon1 s9ce he _h to give me some?+ to take to ,da*au4 ,he gave me a seal$ lett] to ,dr4 ,ras*] & a p>cel = ,si/] ,pia :i* ,i h&$ to ,ras*] to pass on4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor ,hirt 0 also a memb]1 9 fact ! head ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,ahn5]be ,society1 0 he n8 ,a4 ,we knew t ,pr(essor ,hirt 0 also mak+ exp]im5ts & belong$ to ! ,ahn5]be ,society4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,h&los]#ca ,,cross-,,exam9ation ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,let u pass on1 ,g5]al4 ,y\r attorney ask$ y :e!r or n y ev] ga9$ any in=mation conc]n+ ! freez+ exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,ras*]1 ,holzloehn]1 & ,f9ke4 ,d y d5y t y ev] receiv$ k on t matt]8 ,,def5dant ,,h&los]3 ,i said1 no4 ,q4 ,z a result ( ! ,ea/]n campaign w]5't y v mu* int]e/$ 9 8,cold0 problems8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,isn't t :y y s5t army (fic]s to ! ,luftwaffe conf]5ce 9 ,octob] #aidb8 ,a4 ,( c\rse ! int]e/ 9 cold problems 0 ( an important nature4 ,i d n "k :o assign$ !m4 ,f ,may until ! end ( ,octob] ,i 0 ) headqu>t]s 9 ! ,ukra9e & ,i believe t ! *ief probably telephon$ me z to :e!r or h[ _m p we %\ld s5d1 & he may h made "s proposal1 & ,i ?9k ,i w\ld h told him on t occasion 8,yes1 ,i am 9 full agreem5t4 ,s5d somebody !re40 ,x is q a matt] ( c\rse t we took p :o knew some?+ ab\t cold because !y 7 ! p :o w\ld be int]e/$ 9 x4 ,q4 ,well1 hav+ s5t !m1 y !n imm$iately lo/ int]e/ 9 ! problem1 ,i suppose8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i did n lose int]e/4 ,at "s p]iod ( "t somebody probably report$ to me :e!r some?+ p>ticul> _h happ5$ or :e!r !re 7 any p>ticul> results or n1 & :at c\ld be exploit$ by u4 ,b1 at t "t !re 0 no m5tion ( any?+ 9 p>ticul> hav+ occurr$1 nor 0 x said t any p>ticul> revolution>y results 7 a*iev$4 ,at any rate1 ,i _c recollect t any?+ l t happ5$4 ,i %\ld m]ely l to po9t out t my int]e/ 9 cold problems 0 9 our p>ticul> sph]e ( ^! problems1 t is ! s-call$ e>?-b\nd cold1 at normal height or at ! mo/ 9 ! m\nta9s :]e x conc]n$ soldi]s 9 m\nta9 troops4 ,t 0 some?+ :i* we discuss$ dur+ v>i\s meet+s1 at fir/ 9 #aidb2 x 0 discuss$ to a great ext5t1 & v exact directives 7 conta9$ 9 ! reports ( ^! meet+s4 ,y w f9d !m 9 #aidb & y w f9d !m 9 #aidc4 ,naturally we 7 int]e/$ 9 cold problems1 & x is q a matt] ( c\rse t :5ev] we 7 invit$ by ! ,luftwaffe to s5d our exp]ts we did4 ,! same ?+ is done ev]y:]e1 n only 9 ! army & 9 ! field ( m$ic9e1 b 9 te*nical fields z well4 ,q4 ,well1 ,i ?\ght t 0 probably correct1 ,g5]al2 n[ ,i want to put x to y t ,holzloehn] _h made a v rem>kable discov]y & "o :i* ,i am sure came to y\r att5tion4 ,holzloehn] & ,ras*] _h f\nd out t ?is massive w>m ba? 0 an extremely effective way ( reviv+ p]sons f %ock due to long exposure to cold1 a treatm5t :i* _h be5 fir/ discov]$ by a ,russian 9 ! #ai? c5tury b _h be5 =gott5 someh[4 ,wasn't ?is a matt] rem>kable en\gh s t ,s*reib]1 :o 0 at ?is meet+1 or "o ( ! _m o!r army doctors :o 7 d[n !re1 w\ld p]haps call x to y\r att5tion1 aft] ! extreme cold y _h suff]$ 9 ,russia ! previ\s w9t]8 ,a4 ,i said already be=e t we 7 always int]e/$ 9 cold problems & z y say1 v correctly1 ma9ly because ( ?is t]rible w9t] ( #aida-db4 ,i knew be=e t our regulations :i* 7 valid up to ! w> & p]haps dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( ! w>1 /at$ t p :o 7 froz5 _h to be rew>m$ v sl[ly4 ,! entire population 0 in=m$ t a froz5 p]son %\ld n be rew>m$ too quickly4 ,ev5 be=e t we includ$ 9 our regulations t "o %\ld conc5trate on rew>m+1 & c]ta9 =ms ( rew>m+ 7 describ$4 ,if we army p :o knew ! ,russian front 7 n z impress$ by ?is w>m ba?1 z y may ?9k we 71 x 0 probably because !re 7 no w>m ba?s available along ! entire ,ea/]n front1 & ?is plays q a l>ge "p 9 ! impression any new inv5tion may h made on u4 ,q4 ,well1 n[1 ,g5]al1 let me put x to y ?is way4 ,did y make any *anges 9 ! basic directives conc]n+ ! rew>m+ aft] %ock f exposure to cold aft] ?is ,luftwaffe conf]5ce or aft] ! conf]5ce 9 ,decemb] #aidb8 ,a4 ,if y look ?r\gh ! reports ( ! meet+s & ! directives x is q possible t some:]e1 ,i c't tell y exactly :]e al?\gh ,i h x1 some?+ is said ab\t w>m or hot ba?s 9 reg>d to freez+4 ,y y\rself br\ght to our k aga91 ?r\gh a docum5t1 t 9 ,decemb] #aidb1 t is1 aft] ,nu]nb]g1 ,holzloehn] spoke ab\t 8 rew>m+ que/ions dur+ a conf]5ce 9 ! ,academy4 ,t 0 report$ to #cjj or #djj m5 :o transf]r$ t in=mation to ! front & ,i am sure t lat] on new directives conta9$ in=mation ab\t ! w>m ba?1 too4 ,q4 ,i am sure x did1 too1 ,g5]al4 ,t is ! reason ,i ask$ y because ,i ?9k t !re is no d\bt t great importance 0 atta*$ to ! results ( ?is exp]im5t 9 ,da*au by ,ras*]1 ,holzloehn]1 & ,f9ke4 ,i n[ want to ask y if y didn't actually he> ,holzloehn] speak 9 ,decemb] #aidb at ! meet+ ( consult+ physicians at ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy8 ,a4 ,i _c recollect t1 & ,i mu/ say once m t t is some?+ :i* 0 done )9 ! v>i\s exp]t bran*es4 ,i am sure y w see t ^! exp]t bran*es dealt ) ^! sugge/ions !mselves4 ,h[ev] mu* "o s desires1 x is n possible to p>ticipate 9 sev]al exp]t bran*es simultane\sly4 ,q4 ,well1 !n1 to put x to y1 ,g5]al1 ?is spee* by ,holzloehn] is report$ 9 our ,docum5t ,,no-#ibb1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #dce1 & x goes on--y h a v %ort synopsis "h ( 8 report b he does give cl9ical obs]vations 9 cases ( dea?s result+ f cold1 & ,i f9d t y made "s comm5ts at ?is cold session on page #ea ( ! orig9al report4 ,x reads3 8,h&los] /resses ! extraord9>y importance ( education also 9 combat+ cold effects & appeals to all m$ical (fic]s1 9 _! capacity z lead]s ( ! heal? s]vice1 to see to x t ?r\gh frequ5tly repeat$ explanations ea* individual is taught to obs]ve ! necess>y precaution>y measures40 ,a4 ,may ,i ask y :]e x is8 ,is x ) ref]5ce to ! lecture by ,holzloehn]8 ,at any rate1 x seems to be )9 ! framework ( ! cold problem4 ,q4 ,g5]al1 ,i w put ! ,g]man to y s t y c see = y\rself4 ,g5]al1 let u read ! little summ>y ( ! spee* by ,holzloehn] because ! ,tribunal does n h ?is docum5t be=e x4 ,x reads3 8,/abs>zt ,pr(essor ,holzloehn]3 8,prev5tion & ,treatm5t ( ,freez+ 8,9 case ( freez+ 9 wat] ( a temp]ature bel[ #ae biological c\nt]-measures are practically ineffective1 :e!r 9 ! case ( human be+s or animals4 ,human be+s succumb to reflectory rigidity1 increase ( blood sug>1 & acidosis1 at an e>li] /age & to a great] ext5t ?an animals4 ,at a rectal temp]ature ( bel[ #cj "u su* conditions ( di/ress at sea auricul> flutt] regul>ly sets 92 at "u #bh he>t failure frequ5tly occurs 9 human be+s4 7,ov]-ex]tion due to unequal di/ribution ( blood1 increas$ resi/ance1 & increas$ viscosity47 ,treatm5t ) drugs is s5seless & has no effect4 ,9 ! case ( human be+s1 be/ results are also a*iev$ ) hot ba?s4 ,! foam-suit 0 develop$ z a prophylaxis aga9/ freez+ 9 wat] bel[ #ae40 ,n[1 ,g5]al1 aft] t little summ>y ( ! talk by ,holzloehn] !re 7 sev]al o!r lectur]s on freez+ problems & !n at ! end we h ! g5tlem5 :o made "s comm5ts on ^! lectures2 we f9d among !m ,brem]1 ,dr4 ,hippke1 ! man :o commission$ ^! exp]im5ts1 & ,j>is* & ,bue*n]4 ,n[ ,i want to ask y if ?is docum5t refre%es y\r recollection s t y c tell u :e!r or n y he>d ?is report by ,holzloehn]4 ,a4 ,yes1 aft] read+ :at ,i h 9 my h& n[1 x is q possible t ,i li/5$ to ?is lecture4 ,at ! same "t1 x is a pro( t ,i h n z good a memory z y assum$1 because ,i already _h ?is docum5t 9 my h&s once be=e "h 9 ,nu]nb]g2 y once gave x to me & ,i =got ab\t x4 ,q4 ,n[1 did ,holzloehn] describe cl9ical obs]vations ab\t human dea?s result+ f cold 9 ?is lecture :i* y he>d8 ,a4 ,i _c tell y t4 ,q4 ,does x n say s 9 y\r own report "h8 ,a4 ,x says "h t ,holzloehn] belong$ to ! ,luftwaffe & z f> z ,i 0 in=m$ lat]1 ,holzloehn] _h ga9$ a l>ge am\nt ( exp]i5ce f 8 s]vice on ! ,atlantic ,coa/4 ,i am sure t 0 some?+ :i* 0 m5tion$ dur+ 8 lecture4 ,he _h an em]g5cy sea /ation ne> ! ,atlantic coa/ & ne> t !re 0 a hospital :]e he treat$ ^! froz5 p :o _h be5 rescu$ f ! sea4 ,!re 0 no cause to suspect any?+ special beh9d ?is4 ,q4 ,0 x app>5t to y t he c>ri$ out exp]im5ts on human be+s8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,well1 ,g5]al1 we h he>d "s te/imony "h ab\t ! talk ,holzloehn] gave 9 ,nu]nb]g #b mon?s be=e ?is &1 z ,i recall1 !re 0 "s indignation 9 ?is meet+ 9 ,octob] #aidb1 because all ^! g5tlem5 realiz$ :at _h happ5$2 are y tell+ me t no rumor ( ?is seep$ up f ,nu]nb]g to ,b]l9 9 #b mon?s1 s :5 ! same man gave ! same talk1 y g5tlem5 7 9 complete ignorance ab\t ! fact t ^! exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out on liv+ human be+s 9 a conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,i _c say h[ f> any discussions or any indignations 7 not$ 9 ,nu]nb]g4 ,at any rate1 ,i nev] he>d any?+ ab\t any rejection or any indignation4 ,i c\ld well imag9e t if ,i 7 to hold a lecture some:]e & ,i aft]w>ds ga9$ ! impression t !re 0 "s k9d ( obscurity1 or "s p>ticul> s5sation1 & if #b mon?s lat]1 ,i gave ! same lecture at ano!r place1 ,i w\ld naturally *ange my lecture & w\ld draw my conclusions f :at ,i _h le>n$ previ\sly4 ,i am sure t ?is might well h be5 ! case "h4 ,at any rate aft] read+ ?is exc]pt1 if a few pages are miss+ "h & if "o doesn't look at ! pages exactly1 "o mu/ assume t ! man not$ d[n "h z ,h&los] spoke imm$iately aft] ! lecture ( ,holzloehn]4 ,i believe t ! report ( ! meet+ itself w %[ y t a few o!r lectures took place betwe5 ! lecture ( ,holzloehn] & ! discussion4 ,y w also h to admit t consid]+ ! fact t we 7 approa*+ w9t] aga9 7?is meet+ took place 9 ,decemb] #aidb7 my rem>ks did n ref] s mu* to ,pr(essor ,holzloehn]'s lecture1 b 7 m]ely a rem9d] t we want$ to d ev]y?+ & 9 t way want$ to conc5trate our entire int]e/ on ! front :]e freez+ took place 9 ord] to help our soldi]s4 ,t is all ?is discussion 04 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,s*ro$]#cb ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,i don't believe y h told ! ,tribunal yet ab\t ! conv]sation y _h ) ,holzloehn] on 8 freez+ exp]im5ts1 h y8 ,,def5dant ,,s*ro$]3 ,:at exp]im5ts d y mean8 ,:at conv]sation d y mean8 ,d y mean 9 #aidj8 ,q4 ,g5]al1 y "k z a matt] ( fact !re app>5tly is "s dispute betwe5 ! prosecution & y\rself ab\t ! precise date1 b y knew dur+ ! c\rse ( ! w> t ,holzloehn]1 ,f9ke1 & ,ras*] _h c>ri$ out exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates at ,da*au8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i le>n$ t 9 my (fice 9 #aidd1 z ,i said "h be=e4 ,q4 ,&1 ,i am sugge/+ to y t aft] y le>n$ t ,holzloehn] _h be5 implicat$ 9 ^? exp]im5ts y call$ him 9 & talk$ to him8 ,a4 ,yes1 oh yes4 ,i "k :5 y mean n[1 yes4 ,!re are two ?+s :i* play a "p "h4 ,i said ye/]day t 9 #aidj ,holzloehn] _h furni%$ p :o 7 rescu$ f ! sea to ! ,rescue ,/ation at ,witze1 :]e he fir/ ga9$ exp]i5ce4 ,!n ,i lo/ sight ( ,holzloehn]1 s9ce ,i left ! we/ 9 ! ye> #aida1 & ,i saw him aga9 = ! fir/ "t 9 ! fall ( #aidd1 :5 = "s reason t ,i d n "k1 he visit$ "o ( ! m5 9 my (fice4 ,at t "t ,i spoke to him briefly1 & s9ce ,i _h le>n$ 9 ! meantime t he 0 conduct+1 exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au1 ,i ask$ him :e!r t 0 correct or h[ he 0 do+ x4 ,i rememb] at t "t he told me t he 0 conduct+ exp]im5ts bas$ on ! exp]i5ce :i* he _h ga9$ on ! coa/1 & he 0 supplem5t+ ^! exp]im5ts by conduct+ exp]im5ts on human be+s 9 ,da*au4 ,at t "t he 0 speak+ ab\t six or sev5 crim9als :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea? 7 put at 8 disposal = t purpose4 ,at t "t1 he said no?+ ab\t any fatalities4 ,i ga9$ ! impression !n t ! entire mann] ( ! exp]im5ts _h impress$ him m5tally4 ,i _h ! feel+ t he did n want to speak ab\t x2 8 suicide lat] confirm$ t4 ,q4 ,well1 ,g5]al1 ,i ?9k ?is is all r significant4 ,i ?9k y %\ld h probably made "s m5tion ( x be=e ?is date4 ,:5 0 ?is meet+ ) ,holzloehn]8 ,a4 ,i m5tion$ x dur+ my int]rogation2 ,i ?9k t 0 9 ! fall ( #aidd4 ,i _c rememb] ! exact date4 ,x c\ld h be5 ,novemb] #aidd4 ,i am n q sure4 ,q4 ,well1 ?is 0 aft] y _h initiat$ ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts1 !n2 is t "r8 ,a4 ,consid]ably lat]1 yes4 ,q4 ,&1 z ,i recall1 y also said 9 ?is int]rogation t y _h se5 ?is report by ,holzloehn]1 :i* ,i und]/& y h d5i$ h]et(ore2 n[1 _h y se5 ,holzloehn]'s report or n8 ,a4 ,no1 nor did ,i ev] say t ,i _h4 ,he report$ to me on ?is1 b he did n %[ me a report4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,g5]al1 ,i am read+ f a summ>y ( an int]rogation ( y made on #ba ,octob] #aidf1 & "o p>agraph reads z foll[s3 8,s*ro$] also kn[s ab\t ! #8,see-,n' & #8,w9t]-,n' reports f :i* he c\ld conclude t human be+s 7 us$ = exp]im5ts4 ,?is c\ld also be conclud$ f ,holzloehn]'s report on ! freez+ exp]im5ts1 & x c\ld fur!rmore be se5 f ! comm5ts :i* ,dr4 ,ras*] wrote on ! above matt]4 ,s*ro$] le>n$ ab\t ^! matt]s 9 #aidd40 ,n[1 is ?is summ>y inaccurate8 ,a4 ,v inaccurate4 ,q4 ,all "r1 let u get x /raight4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( #aidc y receiv$ a report on ! ,nu]nb]g meet+1 did y n8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,9 ,may #aidd1 ,beck]-,freys5g told y t ,holzloehn]1 ,f9ke1 & ,ras*]1 _h c>ri$ out exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates at ,da*au1 did he n8 ,a4 ,t is n ! "r way ( putt+ x4 ,he said t ,holzloehn] _h made ! exp]im5ts2 no?+ 0 said to me ab\t ,ras*] & ,f9ke4 ,i did n "k !m !n4 ,i le>n$ _! names only s9ce ,i 0 imprison$4 ,q4 ,y mean y _h n he>d up to !n t ,ras*] _h work$ ) ,holzloehn] on ^! exp]im5ts2 is t "r8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i did n say t4 ,i he>d ,ras*]'s "n = ! fir/ "t 9 ?is report ( #aide :5 ,i 0 imprison$4 ,q4 ,well1 ,i d n "k1 ,g5]al1 b ,i am go+ to look 9 j a m9ute--,i ?9k ,ras*]'s & ,f9ke's names are m5tion$ 9 ?is report :i* y got 9 ! fir/ "p ( #aidc on ! ,nu]nb]g meet+4 ,y d n recall t8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,& ,i v well rememb] t ,ras*] _h made a comm5t on ?is r long lecture by ,holzloehn]1 f :i* x c\ld cle>ly be se5 t ,ras*] himself 0 exp]im5t+ ) ,holzloehn]2 d y n rememb] t8 ,a4 ,i c say t n[1 because 9 ! meantime ,i h se5 ^! reports1 8,see-,n0 & 8,w9t]-,n10 & h read !m ?r\gh c>efully & acqua9t$ myself ) ! v>i\s names1 & ,i "k t 9 ?is report !re is an ext5sive report by ,holzloehn] & aft] t a %ort rem>k by ,ras*]4 ,i did n pay any att5tion to x at t "t because ,i _h no connections ) ,ras*]1 nor did ,i see any reason :y ,i %\ld2 b ,i did int]e/ myself 9 ,holzloehn]'s report because ,i knew him f work+ ) him on ! ,fr5* coa/4 ,q4 ,well1 we w come back to ! report 9 j a mom5t1 b "r n[ ,i want to g on ) y\r discussion ) ,holzloehn]4 ,c y tell u1 m or less1 exactly :at he told y8 ,a4 ,t is a little too mu* to ask me to recall a brief rem>k t ,i made 9 #aidd on ! occasion ( a v %ort visit4 ,i d recall t ,i met ,holzloehn] outside my hut1 & ,i ask$ him to /ep 9 a mom5t2 !n ,i ask$ him ab\t ! exp]im5ts4 ,he answ]$ me briefly & t 0 ! end ( our conv]sation4 ,! only ?+ t /ruck me 0 t ,holzloehn]1 :o previ\sly _h be5 a v lively & brisk p]son1 seem$ v depress$ & worn out4 ,i attribut$ t to ! #e ye>s ( w> t _h pass$4 ,t !re 7 o!r reasons1 p]haps1 = ?is1 ,i c\ld only adduce lat] f 8 tragic demise4 ,x c\ld be t ,i comm5t$ to my adjutant on ?is subject4 ,i am n sure at ! mom5t1 b ,i ?9k x is q possible because ,augu/9ick knew ,holzloehn] v well & lik$ him4 ,p]haps ,augu/9ick c be ask$ ab\t t lat]4 ,q4 ,y said a mom5t ago y got ! impression t ,holzloehn] did n want to talk ab\t ^! exp]im5ts1 & y also _h be5 dabbl+ 9 ,da*au exp]im5ts y\rself4 ,i ?9k "u ^! circum/ances x might be expect$ t y w\ld h que/ion$ ,holzloehn] r closely ab\t :at w5t on 9 8 exp]im5ts4 ,y did n d t8 ,a4 ,he told me briefly t 8 obs]vations f ! ,engli% *annel coa/ c\ld be *eck$ on exp]im5ts be+ p]=m$ 9 ,da*au on crim9als condemn$ to dea?1 & t ^! exp]im5ts _h be5 describ$ 9 ! report :i* he _h submitt$4 ,t made x p]fectly cle> :at 0 go+ on1 s :y %\ld ,i ask any?+ fur!r8 ,i 0 n p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 go+ into t specific result4 ,q4 ,well1 7 ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts ov] at t "t8 ,a4 ,yes1 "s "t be=e1 & t mu/ h be5 :y ,holzloehn] came to me because ^! exp]im5ts _h long be5 conclud$4 ,q4 ,y did n h any "o 9 ! nature ( repres5tative at ! ,nu]nb]g meet+ 9 ,octob] #aidb8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,n[1 y m5tion$ ?is report :i* y receiv$ on t meet+2 t is ,docum5t ,,no-#dja1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ic4 ,y /at$ t y did n "k t ,ras*] & ,f9ke 7 work+ ) ,holzloehn]4 ,i f\nd a /atem5t on page #aa ( ?is report :i* reads z foll[s3 8,= ! relevant /atem5ts1 we h to ?ank ! coop]ation ( ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*] & ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,f9ke2 !y ref] to a /ay 9 wat] ( #b to #ab degrees40 ,t /atem5t indicates v cle>ly t ,ras*] & ,f9ke 7 work+ ) ,holzloehn]1 does x n8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,i ?9k y /at$ to y\r own def5se c\nsel t x 0 impossible = y to conclude f ?is report t exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out1 b r1 y ?\ght !y 7 cl9ical obs]vations made on p fi%$ out ( ! ,nor? ,sea1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i bas$ my te/imony solely on ! ,holzloehn] report :i* 0 ! only ?+ t int]e/$ me4 ,!re 7 reports by ,rose & o!rs b ,i did n read !m4 ,i glanc$ ?r\gh !m briefly b gave no fur!r att5tion to !m because ,i did n "k ! p :o _h drawn !m up4 ,q4 ,let's j look briefly at "o or two po9ts "h & see if !y might n indicate to y1 if y ?\ght ab\t x a little bit1 t ^! 7 really exp]im5ts & n cl9ical obs]vations on p :o accid5tally fell into ! sea4 ,= in/ance1 on page #aa ( ! translation x /ates z foll[s3 8,! rapidity ) :i* numbness occurs is rem>kable4 ,x 0 det]m9$ t already #e to #aj m9utes aft] fall+ 91 an advanc+ rigor ( ! skeletal muscles sets 91 :i* r5d]s ! movem5t ( ! arms especially increas+ly difficult4 ,?is also affects respiration4 ,inspiration is deep5$1 & expiration is delay$4 ,besides ?is1 heavy muc\s secretions occur40 ,n[1 :5 y read t little p>agraph ab\t a man :o _h be5 9 ! wat] #e to #aj m9utes :]e x is said t he _h rigor ( ! skeletal muscles1 :]e 8 inspiration is deep5$ & 8 expiration is delay$ & :]e !re is a heavy muc\s secretion1 did y imag9e t !y _h ,dr4 ,holzloehn] 9 a lifeboat 9 ! ,nor? ,sea mak+ ^! obs]vations on "s aviator :o _h fall5 9 accid5tally8 ,did y ?9k t1 ,g5]al8 ,a4 ,yes1 t's :at ,i ?\ght4 ,y don't "k ! local situation at ,visson4 ,!re 7 a bea* & dunes1 & a gu>d f ! rescue /ation always /ood on ! dunes to keep an eye on ! wat] & ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly :5 flights to ,engl& 7 tak+ place1 s t x actually did happ5 t fli]s bail$ out & fell into ! wat] j 9 front ( ! %orel9e4 ,rescue boats 7 ready at t "t & w5t out to sea imm$iately1 s t x 0 altoge!r possible t fli]s :o fell into ! wat] close to ! coa/ c\ld v quickly be obs]v$ & rescu$4 ,^! are ! facts ( :at actually took place at t rescue /ation at t "t4 ,q4 ,on ! same page !y h ?is rem>k3 8,) ! drop ( ! rectal temp]ature to #ca1 a cl\d+ ( consci\sness occurs1 :i* passes to a deep1 cold-induc$ anae/hesia if ! decl9e rea*es bel[ #cj40 ,n[1 d y suppose t !y pull$ ?is aviator 9 & ins]t$ a rectal !rmomet] & f\nd 8 temp]ature at #ca & !n toss$ him back & let x drop ano!r degree1 all ! "t wat*+ closely a cl\d+ ( consci\sness1 & !n haul$ him back 9 :5 x 0 #cj & not$ a deep1 cold-induc$ anae/hesia8 ,a4 ,no1 t isn't ! correct way to put x ei!r4 ,?is is "o ( ! obs]vations t 0 new to u & to :i* we paid a great deal ( att5tion 9 ord] to expla9 ^! incompreh5sible fatalities1 namely1 ! fact t :5 ! p 7 remov$ f ! wat] _! temp]ature /ill dropp$ & simultane\sly ) ! drop 9 temp]ature a fatal collapse ( ! he>t occurr$4 ,?is 0 "o ( our fundam5tal & new obs]vations4 ,& ,i mu/ report aga9 & aga9 t ?is rescue h\se 0 a small place1 b x did h ! app>atus = obs]v+ ^! p v exactly4 ,t 0 ! s5se ( ! :ole ?+4 ,q4 ,g5]al1 y've already cov]$ y\rself a little bit by say+ y didn't read ^! discussions aft] ,holzloehn]'s lecture v c>efully2 b ,i want to read y ! "o by ,ras*]1 9 any ev5t1 & see if y won't admit t if y _h read ?is little comm5t by ,ras*] t !re c\ld h be5 no d\bt :atsoev] 9 y\r m9d t exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out & n obs]vations on aviators 9 ! ,nor? ,sea4 ,?is is on page #ae ( ! translation1 & ,ras*] has said3 8,supplem5t+ ! /atem5ts ( ,holzloehn]1 !re is a report on obs]vations accord+ to :i* cool+ 9 ! region ( ! neck only1 ev5 if x la/s = sev]al h\rs1 causes m]ely a l[ s9k+ ( ! body temp]ature up to #a ,c41 )\t *ang+ ! blood sug> level or ! he>t function4 ,*eck+ ( ! rectal temp]ature 0 c>ri$ out by tak+ ! temp]ature 9 ! /oma* & %[$ complete agreem5t4 ,aft] tak+ alcohol1 body temp]ature decreases at a quick] pace4 ,aft] tak+ dextropur1 ! decrease is sl[] ?an ) ! exp]im5ts 9 bo? a sob] & an alcoholic condition4 ,hot infusions 7#aj p]c5t dextro solution1 table salt solution1 tut(us91 table salt solution ) pancortex7 7 successful only = a "t40 ,n[1 ,g5]al1 if y _h read t1 w\ldn't x h be5 p]fectly cle> t ^! 7 exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,today1 ( c\rse1 aft] ?is :ole "q has be5 expos$ ,i %\ld2 b at t "t ,i nev] suspect$ ! possibility f t report t ^! 7 a special gr\p ( human exp]im5ts4 ,i c say t "h "u oa?1 & ,i %\ld l to reit]ate x4 ,t 0 my attitude t[>d ! matt] at t "t & x has only be5 *ang$ by :at ,i h discov]$ "h4 ,q4 ,i might also po9t out to y t ,b5z+]'s comm5t expressly speaks ( ,holzloehn]'s exp]im5ts repeat$ly2 b ,i assume t t also made no impression on y8 ,a4 ,i c say "o ?+ to t4 ,my comrades1 ! m$ical (fic]s 9 my (fice at t "t 9 ,italy1 _h no notion ei!r t human exp]im5ts 7 ! basis = ^! reports4 ,nev] 0 "o s+le ^w said ab\t su* a ?+ on ! occasion ( my inspection visits4 ,( c\rse1 dur+ my visits to ! ,m$it]ranean su* matt]s 7 br\ght up2 b ,i nev] he>d any indication t ^! reports 7 ! result ( a long s]ies ( exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,9 o!r words1 o!rs1 too1 did n see s cle>ly z is po9t$ out "h t ^! 7 human exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,& y he>d no rumors 9 ! air =ce at all ab\t ^! exp]im5ts1 al?\gh !re _h be5 a l>ge meet+ at ,nu]nb]g 9 ,octob]1 ) consid]able comm5t !re ab\t ^! exp]im5ts8 ,holzloehn] lat] gave a lecture be=e all ! consult+ physicians1 at lea/ ^? :o att5d$ ! meet+ on int]nal m$ic9e :]e he spoke4 ,he gave ano!r report !re on ^! exp]im5ts4 ,y nev] he>d any rumors 9 ! air =ce ab\t ^! ?+s2 is t "r8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,y nev] talk$ to ,f9ke ab\t ^! exp]im5ts1 did y8 ,a4 ,i h /at$ frequ5tly t ,i don't ev5 "k ,f9ke4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,siev]s#cc ,,direct ,,exam9ation ,,dr4 ,,weisg]b]3 ,dur+ ! subsequ5t p]iod y came 9 contact ) ! cold exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,ras*]8 ,,def5dant ,,siev]s3 ,i once w5t to ,da*au 9 ord] to p>ticipate 9 adm9i/rative conf]5ces at ! "t :5 ,dr4 ,ras*]1 ,pr(essor ,holzloehn]1 & ,dr4 ,f9ke 7 conclud+ a cold exp]im5t4 ,t is to say1 ! exp]im5tal subject _h j be5 plac$ into a room1 b ,i didn't see any?+ else ( ?is exp]im5t4 ,q4 ,on ! occasion ( ?is exp]im5t1 or on ! occasion ( a discussion :i* p]haps foll[$1 did y he> any?+ m 9 detail ab\t ,ras*] conc]n+ ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,^! ?ree m5 7 v busy read+ ! app>atus us$ 9 connection ) t exp]im5t4 ,i 0 told t x 0 necess>y to apply ! w>m cov]s z quickly z possible4 ,pr(essor ,holzloehn] /at$ t !y _h almo/ conclud$ _! exp]im5ts & t fur!r exp]im5ts h>dly seem$ necess>y4 ,no sci5tific que/ions 7 discuss$ at t "t4 ,q4 ,did y see any report or did y receive reports f ,ras*] ab\t ^! cold exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,^! reports also w5t directly to ,himml] f ,ras*]1 z becomes evid5t f ! docum5ts :i* h be5 submitt$ "h4 ,q4 ,9 ,docum5t #afaa-,,ps 7,pros4 ,ex4 #he71 y f9d a lett] s5t by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to ,dr4 ,ras*]1 dat$ #bb ,septemb] #aidb4 ,9 ! second p>agraph x /ates t x 0 s5t to ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s = in=mation4 ,p>agraph #a m5tions ! int]im report on ! cold exp]im5ts by ,dr4 ,ras*] at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp4 ,"o c\ld conclude !refrom t y receiv$ ?is int]im report4 ,a4 ,?is int]im report w5t directly f ,ras*] to ,himml]1 o!rwise ,himml] w\ldn't h answ]$ ,ras*] direct4 ,i don't ?9k1 h[ev]1 t x is out ( ! "q t ,ras*] _h told ,hitl] 9 ?is int]im report1 or 9 "s o!r way1 t :5 ,i he>d ( ^! cold exp]im5ts ,i consid]$ !m to be p]v]se4 ,i assume t by s5d+ me t report ,himml]'s op9ion on t subject 0 to be transmitt$ to me1 & t is :y ,i receiv$ a copy ( t lett] = my in=mation4 ,q4 ,n[1 w\ld y be good en\gh to turn ov] "o page1 & y w f9d !re ,dr4 ,ras*]'s lett] dat$ #c ,octob] #aidb4 7,,no-#bhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #hf47 ,?is lett] is obvi\sly direct$ to ,dr4 ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,x becomes evid5t f t lett] t ,ras*] appli$ to y 9 a numb] ( matt]s1 is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i %all rev]t to t briefly1 fir/ ( all conc]n+ ! l[-pressure *amb]4 ,he says "h t he turn$ to me 9 ord] to take /eps reg>d+ ! l[-pressure *amb]4 ,i didn't d any?+ ab\t t1 at lea/ n on ! basis ( ?is reque/ by ,ras*]1 only lat] :5 ,himml] arriv$ at ,muni* & :5 he himself ord]$ me to s5d him ?is draft lett] :i* 0 previ\sly discuss$4 ,he fur!r says t he turn$ to me reg>d+ a teletype :i* reque/$ ! furni%+ ( wom5 = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,s9ce ,himml] _h already issu$ ord]s reg>d+ ! furni%+ ( exp]im5tal subjects1 !re 0 no?+ left = me to d4 ,q4 ,didn't y p>ticipate 9 a second cold exp]im5t8 ,a4 ,yes1 toge!r ) ,dr4 ,hirt1 :om ,i _h to accompany by ord] ( ,himml]1 z he _h be5 includ$ 9 ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts ) ,himml]'s approval4 ,himml] probably _h realiz$ 9 ! meantime t ,ras*] alone w\ld n be suffici5t 9 ord] to cl>ify ^! sci5tifically v ext5sive & difficult que/ions4 ,hirt c\ld only come to ,muni* = "o day because ( 8 /ate ( heal? & = t reason ask$ t ev]y?+ be prep>$ be=eh&1 s t he c\ld ga9 insight into all ! "w results :i* _h be5 obta9$ s f>4 ,i told ,ras*] to prep>e ev]y?+ accord+ to ,hirt's desire4 ,a pr(essional crim9al 0 pres5t$ = ! purpose ( ?is exp]im5t4 ,q4 ,0 t a pr(essional crim9al :o _h already be5 condemn$ to dea?1 & h[ did y "k :e!r x 0 su* a crim9al8 ,a4 ,be=e ! exp]im5t />t$ ,hirt want$ to look at ! files because !re 0 a possibility t ?is exp]im5t w\ld end fatally4 ,! s5t5ce 0 furni%$ by ! ,crim9al ,police ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,camp ,adm9i/ration4 ,we saw t ?is 0 a s5t5ce :i* _h be5 pass$ by a regul> c\rt1 & x became evid5t !refrom t ?is man _h m ?an #aj ye>s' p5it5ti>y beh9d him1 & _h be5 rec5tly1 s5t5c$ to dea? because ( murd] & !ft4 ,hirt fur!rmore ask$ ! man :e!r he knew t ?is exp]im5t might end fatally1 :]eupon ! man answ]$ t he 0 well aw>e ( x4 ,he said t he w\ld h to die anyway = he 0 a confirm$ crim9al1 & he j c\ld n /op 8 crim9al activity2 !re=e he des]v$ dea?4 ,q4 ,did y conv9ce y\rself ( t by ask+ ! exp]im5tal subject :e!r he 0 actually a volunte]8 ,a4 ,aft] ,hirt's que/ion+ ,i p]sonally ask$ ! man :e!r he agre$ to t exp]im5t4 ,he !reupon said t he 0 9 full agreem5t1 provid+ x didn't hurt him4 ,?is assurance c\ld be giv5 to him because ! exp]im5t 0 c>ri$ out "u complete anae/hesia4 ,i didn't p>ticipate 9 ! entire exp]im5t1 b ,i saw t ?is man 0 giv5 an anae/hetic4 ,q4 ,y y\rself saw ! files f ! crim9al police8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i read ?r\gh !m1 toge!r ) ,hirt4 ,q4 ,well1 ,i guess !re c be no d\bt t ?is 0 a pr(essional crim9al s5t5c$ to dea? by a regul> c\rt8 ,a4 ,?is 0 a v regul> s5t5ce4 ,all previ\s s5t5ces 7 li/$ 9 ! files1 & ,i rememb] 9 addition to ! dea? s5t5ce1 he _h already _h #aj ye>s' p5it5ti>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,n[1 w\ld y please be good en\gh to turn to page #hf ( ! docum5t book be=e y8 ,?is is a report ab\t a s-call$ 8,cold ,conf]5ce0 dat$ #bf & #bg ,octob] #aidb4 ,did y receive ?is report 9 ! ,ahn5]be8 ,a4 ,i c]ta9ly didn't receive x & ,i don't rememb] hav+ se5 x any:]e4 ,q4 ,didn't ,curator ,wue/ receive t report8 ,a4 ,i d n believe s4 ,! sci5tific "w 9 connection ) ,ras*]1 :i* only conc]n$ ,himml] p]sonally1 0 always dealt ) directly by ,ras*] & ,himml]4 ,^! matt]s 7 only s5t to ,wue/ if ,himml] actually s5t !m himself4 ,i don't believe t has happ5$ 9 ?is p>ticul> case4 ,at any rate1 ,wue/ nev] told me any?+ ab\t x4 ,^! reports & ! rese>* assignm5ts j discuss$ lay completely outside ! int]e/s & sph]e ( ,wue/4 ,q4 ,:at d y "k ab\t ! s-call$ dry-cold exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,ras*]8 ,a4 ,i only "k ab\t ^! exp]im5ts on ! basis ( ,himml]'s ord] :i* 0 s5t by ,himml] to ,pohl & ,grawitz because ( ! furni%+ ( ! equipm5t4 ,i don't "k :e!r ^! exp]im5ts 7 actually c>ri$ out4 ,at any rate1 ,i only f\nd out ab\t t "h 9 ?is c\rtroom4 ,z a pr]equisite = ! execution ,ras*] said t x 0 necess>y = !m to be p]=m$ 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,himml] _h also ord]$ t ^! exp]im5ts be c>ri$ out 9 ! gr\nds ( ! m\nta9 villa at ,sudelfeld4 ,i 0 to see to x t accommodation 0 available !re4 ,inve/igations1 h[ev]1 prov$ t ! t]ra9 at ,sudelfeld 0 n suitable = t purpose4 ,at ! same "t ,i _h he>d t !re 7 a suffici5t numb] ( cases ( freez+ to be f\nd 9 hospitals at ! front4 ,i !re=e ask$ ,ras*] :y x 0 necess>y = him to c>ry out any fur!r exp]im5ts4 ,he evad$ my "q & m]ely decl>$ categorically t he w\ld h to abide by ,himml]'s ord]4 ,q4 ,:i* ye> 0 t8 ,a4 ,t 0 at ! end ( #aidb4 ,q4 ,! ord] 0 at ! end ( #aidb8 ,a4 ,! end ( #aidb4 ,! conv]sation ) ,ras*] ab\t ! accommodation took place aft]w>ds4 ,q4 ,& t 0 int5d$ = ! w9t] ( #aidc-dd8 ,a4 ,no1 = #aidb-dc4 ,s9ce ! t]ra9 at ,sudelfeld 0 n suitable1 "s o!r place _h to be f\nd & ,i h&l$ ?is matt] 9 a v dilatory mann]4 ,ras*] press$ me on ! matt] & ,himml] 0 r indignant1 b aft] all ,i c\ldn't create a h\se by myself4 ,himml] subsequ5tly ord]$ t prep>ations be made = ^! exp]im5ts to be c>ri$ out at lea/ 9 ! next w9t]4 ,i ?9k ,i made a mi/ake1 ,i ?9k x mu/ h be5 ! w9t] ( #aidc-dd4 ,i'm sure x 0 #aidc-dd1 & ,i ?9k t aft]w>ds ,himml] said t prep>ations 7 to be made = #aidd-de4 ,^! exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 7 nev] c>ri$ out because ,ras*] 0 already arre/$ 9 ! spr+ ( #aidd4 ,q4 ,9 t case y are say+ t ^! dry-cold exp]im5ts 7 n c>ri$ out 9 ! m\nta9s 9 ! w9t] ( #aidc-dd4 ,y assi/$ 9 prev5t+ ^! exp]im5ts f be+ c>ri$ out by delay+ ! f9d+ ( suitable accommodation8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,i w n[ briefly summ>ize y\r te/imony ) ref]5ce to ! c\nt conc]n+ cold exp]im5ts4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,if x please y\r ,honor1 ! def5se c\nsel has put que/ions to ! witness & ! witness has te/ifi$ to ^! que/ions4 ,i really ?9k summations aft] ea* exp]im5t are unnecess>y "h4 ,t c take place 9 8 clos+ /atem5t4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,a %ort summation on ! "p ( def5se c\nsel might be 9 ord]1 z long z x does n conta9 too mu* repetition4 ,,dr4 ,,weisg]b]3 ,yes1 y\r ,honor4 ,y accid5tally att5d$ ! completion ( a cold exp]im5t by ,dr4 ,ras*] at ,da*au4 ,y _h se5 no reports ab\t ,dr4 ,ras*]'s exp]im5ts & receiv$ no k ab\t !m 9 any o!r way4 ,! furni%+ ( ! exp]im5tal subjects = ! rew>m+ exp]im5ts 7 n y\r bus9ess1 & y actually _h no?+ to d ) x4 ,y att5d$ a fur!r exp]im5t "u ! circum/ances :i* y h previ\sly describ$4 ,y "k no?+ ab\t any dry-cold exp]im5ts be+ c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au itself4 ,y succe$$ 9 delay+ & f9ally completely fru/rat+ ! dry-cold exp]im5ts 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,is t correct8 ,,def5dant ,,siev]s3 ,yes1 t is correct4 ,q4 ,aft] se>*+ y\r m9d1 did y d any?+ 9 t connection :i* w5t beyond ! ord]s giv5 y by ,himml]8 ,a4 ,no1 9 no way at all4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #bh ,figure #ad1 head$ 8,mean ,values f ,gr\p ( ,f\r ,exp]im5ts ea* at #d ,c4 #ci4b ,f4 to #d4e ,c4 #dj4a ,f4 ,wat] ,temp]ature10 is a *>t %[+ ! sk9 temp]ature & ! rectal temp]ature ( f\r exp]im5tal subjects ea* ( :om respectively 9 a sob] /ate1 0 giv5 #ajj cubic c5timet]s ( alcohol "o h\r be=e ! />t ( ! exp]im5t1 & 0 giv5 #ajj grams ( pure dextrose "o h\r be=e />t ( ! exp]im5t4 ,! ?ree curves indicat+ sk9 temp]ature %[ drops to #af ,c4 & bel[ aft] #fj to #hj m9utes2 ! ?ree curves %[+ rectal temp]ature %[ a l[ ( #bb4c ,c4 & #ba4c ,c4 aft] #gj1 #ajj1 & #aaj m9utes respectively1 & !n an increase to #ca4c ,c4 aft] #acj1 #bjj1 & #bcj m9utes respectively4 #bi #afaf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aje1 see p4 #bdi4 #cj ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ag-ah ,decemb] #aidf1 pp4 #eie-fie4 #ca ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 & #ah ,febru>y #aidg1 pp4 #bhae-cajd4 #cb ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #be1 #bf1 #bg ,febru>y #aidg1 pp4 #cdgj-cgjj4 #cc ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ad ,april #aidg1 pp4 #efef-ehfi4 #c4 ,,mal>ia ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,gebh>dt1 ,blome1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 & ,siev]s 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ mal>ia exp]im5ts 7p>4 #f 7,c7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,only ! def5dant ,siev]s 0 convict$ on ?is *>ge4 ,9 ! case ( ! def5dant ,mrug[sky ! judgm5t ( ! ,tribunal makes no special ref]5ce to ?is *>ge4 ,al?\gh ! def5dant ,rose 0 n *>g$ ) special responsibility = p>ticipation 9 mal>ia exp]im5ts1 ! prosecution (f]$ pro( to %[ "s p>ticipation by ,rose 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,tribunal 9 its judgm5t refra9$ f mak+ a f9d+ ( guilt or innoc5ce z to ,rose1 s9ce mal>ia exp]im5ts 7 p>ticul>iz$ 9 p>agraph #f 7,c7 ( ! indictm5t & s9ce ,rose 0 n among ^? def5dants :o 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility by "n 7judgm5t1 vol4 ,,ii74 ,! ,tribunal said t ! mann] ( ! prosecution's plead+ 8con/itut$1 9 effect1 a bill ( p>ticul>s & 01 9 ess5ce1 a decl>ation to ! def5dants ^u :i* !y 7 entitl$ to rely 9 prep>+ _! def5ses1 & t only su* p]sons z 7 actually nam$ 9 ! designat$ exp]im5ts w\ld be call$ ^u to def5d aga9/ ! specific items4 ,includ$ 9 ! li/ ( names ( ^? def5dants specifically *>g$ ) responsibility = ! mal>ia exp]im5ts ! "n ( ,rose does n appe>4 ,we ?9k x w\ld be manife/ly unfair to ! def5dant to f9d him guilty ( an (f5se ) :i* ! indictm5t affirmatively indicat$ he 0 n *>g$40 8,?is does n mean t ! evid5ce adduc$ by ! prosecution 0 inadmissible aga9/ ! *>ges actually pref]r$ aga9/ ,rose4 ,we ?9k x _h probative value z pro( ( ! fact ( ,rose's k ( human exp]im5tation ^u conc5tration camp inmates40 ,! ,tribunal did make f9d+s ( guilt or innoc5ce ) reg>d to sev]al exp]im5ts :i* 7 n p>ticul>iz$ 9 detail 9 ! indictm5t & conc]n+ :i* ! indictm5t did n "n any p>ticul> def5dants z hav+ special responsibility4 ,= example1 ! prosecution introduc$ evid5ce conc]n+ phlegmon1 polygal & gas o$ema exp]im5ts 7subsections #ab-ad1 see pp4 #fec to #fid7 "u ! g5]al *>ge ( p>agraph #f ( ! indictm5t1 :i* alleges t ! crim9al exp]im5ts 8includ$1 b 7 n limit$ to0 ! p>ticul>iz$ exp]im5ts4 7,see also introductions to sub-section #ab-ad1 see pp4 #fec-d1 #ffi-gj & #fhd47 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! mal>ia exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its f9al briefs aga9/ ! def5dants ,rose & ,siev]s4 ,extracts f ^! briefs are set =? bel[ on pages #bhj to #bhc4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! clos+ briefs = ! def5dants ,siev]s & ,rose4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #bhc to #bhh4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #bhi to #cad4 b4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,rose 99 99 99 99 99 ,) respect to ! mal>ia exp]im5ts1 two que/ions are pres5t$ = consid]ation3 fir/1 :e!r ! mal>ia exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ 9 a crim9al mann]1 & second1 :e!r ! def5dant ,rose 0 connect$ ) su* exp]im5ts4 ,t ! p]=mance ( ! mal>ia exp]im5ts 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp f ,febru>y #aidb until ! end ( ! w> 0 crim9al has n be5 s]i\sly disput$ by any ( ! def5dants4 ,9 ,decemb] #aida1 :ile work+ 9 ,italy1 ,dr4 ,claus ,s*ill+ met ,conti :o became int]e/$ 9 support+ fur!r "w by ,s*ill+ on mal>ia problems4 ,a meet+ 0 arrang$ ) ,himml] :o gave 8 p]mission = exp]im5ts to be c>ri$ out 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp4 ,s*ill+ began 8 "w 9 ,da*au 9 ,febru>y #aidb & cont9u$ 8 exp]im5ts until ! end ( ! w>4 ,he 0 prim>ily conc]n$ ) discov]+ a way ( immuniz+ p]sons aga9/ mal>ia4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts1 approximately #a1bjj conc5tration camp inmates 7 infect$ ) mal>ia ei!r by be+ bitt5 by infect$ mosquitoes or by injections ( mal>ia-infect$ blood4 ,aft] hav+ be5 infect$1 ! prison]s 7 treat$ ) v>i\s drugs1 includ+ qu99e1 neosalv>san1 & pyramidon4 ,mo/ ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 non-,g]man nationals4 ,( ! exp]im5tal subjects infect$1 approximately #cj di$ z a direct result ( ! exp]im5ts & an additional #cjj to #djj di$ z a result ( complications4 ,! above facts are e/abli%$ by ! ,review ( ! ,g5]al ,milit>y ,commission 9 ! case ( ! ,u4 ,s4 aga9/ ,weiss & o!rs1 held at ,da*au1 ,g]many4 7,,no-#hef1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abe47 ,claus ,s*ill+ 0 a def5dant 9 t case & 0 convict$ & s5t5c$ to dea?4 ,9 an affidavit submitt$ 9 evid5ce be=e t ,tribunal1 dat$ #cj ,octob] #aide1 ,s*ill+ admitt$ t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 n volunte]s4 ,"o ( ! assi/ants to ,s*ill+ 9 8 exp]im5ts at ,da*au 0 ,dr4 ,ploetn]1 :o 0 a memb] ( ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ( ! ,ahn5]be "u ! def5dant ,siev]s4 ,siev]s conf]r$ ) ,ploetn] reg>d+ ! mal>ia exp]im5ts & receiv$ reports f him4 7#cedf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abc2 entries = #cj ,janu>y1 #bb ,febru>y1 #bc ,may1 #ca ,may1 #a ,june1 #bd ,augu/47 ,rose /at$ t he le>n$ t ,ploetn] 0 a collaborator ( ,s*ill+ ?r\gh an inquiry to ! ,j\rnal ( ,tropical ,m$ic9e 9 ! ye> #aidd4 ,ploetn] _h publi%$ an article 9 t magaz9e & x _h come to ,rose's att5tion4 7,tr4 #fcci47 ,! witness ,augu/ ,vieweg te/ifi$ = ! prosecution & sub/antiat$ ! f9d+s ( ! ,milit>y ,commission at ,da*au4 ,vieweg 0 fir/ subject$ to ! mal>ia exp]im5ts himself & !reaft] s]v$ z an inmate-assi/ant 9 ! mal>ia w>d4 ,vieweg te/ifi$ t ,s*ill+ exp]im5t$ on approximately #a1ajj inmates1 includ+ ,g]mans1 ,poles1 ,russians1 & ,jugoslavs4 ,among ! ,russian inmates us$ 7 prison]s ( w>4 ,sev5 or eight ( ! subjects di$ 9 ! mal>ia /ation1 prim>ily z a result ( pyramidon poison+4 7,tr4 p4 #dbh47 ,he also te/ifi$ t to 8 k1 an additional #fj inmates di$ aft] hav+ be5 transf]r$ f ! exp]im5tal /ation4 ,he fur!r /at$ t none ( ! inmates volunte]$1 t he p]sonally did n1 & t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 n fre$ z a result ( und]go+ ! exp]im5t4 ,! orig9al infection c>d f ! files ( ,s*ill+ 9 ,da*au1 %[+ ! date ( infection ( ! witness ,vieweg ) 8,culture ,rose10 0 introduc$4 7,,no-#ihc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abh2 see also ,tr4 pp4 #ehd-e47 ,! def5dant ,rose p>ticipat$ 9 ! crim9al exp]im5ts ( ,s*ill+ by furni%+ him mat]ial ) :i* to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts4 ,?is mat]ial 0 furni%$ by ,rose ) k ( facts :i* w\ld h l$ any reasonable man to ! conclusion t ,s*ill+ 0 c>ry+ out crim9al exp]im5ts4 ,rose _h kn[n ,s*ill+ = _m ye>s & succe$$ him z ,*ief ( ! ,dep>tm5t = ,tropical ,m$ic9e 9 ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute4 ,moreov]1 ,rose1 by 8 own admission1 0 an advis] to ,dr4 ,conti1 :o arrang$ = ,s*ill+ to c>ry out 8 exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,x is highly unlikely t su* an arrangem5t w\ld h be5 made )\t consult+ ,rose4 ,rose furni%$ ,s*ill+ ) mal>ia sple5s = 8 exp]im5ts 9 ,italy dur+ ! ye> #aida1 a fact :i* ,rose d5i$ on ! /& until contradict$ by 8 lett] to ,s*ill+1 dat$ #c ,febru>y #aida4 7,,no-#agef1 ,prog4 ,ex4 #dhf47 ,rose cont9u$ to furni% infection mat]ial to ,s*ill+ aft] he set up 8 exp]im5tal /ation 9 ,da*au4 ,rose & 8 witnesses admitt$ t anopheles eggs 7 s5t to ,s*ill+ 9 #aidb1 b ,rose1 aft] t occasion1 issu$ in/ructions t no m mat]ial 0 to be s5t to ,s*ill+ because he did n agree ) 8 rese>* aims4 7,tr4 p4 #fdae47 ,on #d ,april #aidb1 ,s*ill+ wrote to ,rose ask+ = 8,culture ,rose0 to cont9ue 8 exp]im5ts4 ,?is lett] be>s ! datel9e 8,da*au1 #c,k1 ,hospital = ,inmates10 & x 0 initial$ by ,rose on #ag ,april #aidb4 ,s*ill+ /at$ t he w\ld be 8v ?ankful 99 99 99 = ?is new support ( my "w40 ,emphasis suppli$4 ,t ,rose compli$ ) ?is reque/ ( ,s*ill+'s is e/abli%$ because ! witness ,vieweg 0 himself infect$ ) 8,culture ,rose40 ,on #e ,july #aidc1 9 a lett]1 also ) ! notation 8,da*au1 ,k#c1 ,mal>ia ,/ation10 ,s*ill+ ?ank$ ,rose = a consignm5t ( atrop>vus eggs & accept$ ,rose's (f] to s5d him 8 excess eggs4 ,?is lett] m5tions ! 8,prison] ,augu/10 :o obvi\sly 0 ! witness1 ,augu/ ,vieweg4 ,?is lett] 0 initial$ by ,rose on #bg ,july4 7,,no-#agec1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhh47 ,on ! same date ,rose repli$ to ,s*ill+'s lett]1 advis+ him t at ! next favorable opportunity1 a %ipm5t ( anopheles eggs w\ld be made to him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,siev]s 99 99 99 99 99 ,siev]s _h k ( & support$ ! crim9al mal>ia exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,he te/ifi$ t e>ly 9 #aidb he le>n$ f ,himml] t ,s*ill+ 0 conduct+ mal>ia exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 7,tr4 p4 #efib47 ,9 a memor&um dat$ #c ,april #aidb conc]n+ a consultation betwe5 ,siev]s & ,dr4 ,may on ! location ( an exp]im5tal /ation = ! ,ahn5]be1 ,siev]s m5tion$ z a p]suasive reason = locat+ 9 ,da*au ! fact t ,s*ill+ 0 c>ry+ out 8 mal>ia exp]im5ts !re4 7,,no-#gba1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abf47 ,al?\gh ?is memor&um gives ! "n z 8,s*l+01 ,siev]s te/ifi$ t ! "n ,s*ill+ 0 int5d$4 7,tr4 p4 #efic47 ,! witness ,vieweg te/ifi$ t 9 late #aidc or e>ly #aidd ,siev]s made sev]al visits to ,s*ill+'s mal>ia /ation :]e he consult$ ) ,ploetn]1 :o 0 a collaborator ( ,s*ill+'s4 7,tr4 pp4 #dde-g1 #dfd47 ,he /at$ t ,siev]s consult$ ) ,s*ill+ & also inspect$ ! laboratory4 7,tr4 p4 #dbc47 ,siev]s te/ifi$ t ! purpose ( ^! visits & consultations 0 to arrange = ! transf] ( ,ploetn] to ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,a numb] ( entries 9 ! ,siev]s di>y = #aidd prove t ,siev]s 0 connect$ ) & support$ ! mal>ia exp]im5ts4 ,on #cj ,janu>y he receiv$ a memor&um by ,ploetn] on mal>ia4 ,a notation ( #bb ,febru>y /ates t 8fur!r "w 9 ! matt] ( ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ploetn] to be done ?r\gh ,,rgf ,rei*sgesundheitsfuehr] ,conti40 ,ploetn]1 9 addition to 8 "w ) ,s*ill+1 0 also collaborat+ ) ,ras*] 9 ! blood coagulation exp]im5ts4 7,see entries ( #bi ,janu>y & #ad ,april47 ,on #aj ,may #aidd1 ! entry indicates t ,ras*]'s rese>* "w 0 transf]r$ to ,ploetn]4 ,?is 0 app>5tly a result ( ,ras*]'s difficulties 9 connection ) ! kidnapp+ ( *ildr5 by him & 8 wife4 ,on #bc ,may #aidd1 ,ploetn] 0 *>g$ ) ! managem5t ( ! ,ahn5]be division 9 ,da*au4 ,! entry = #ca ,may indicates t ,siev]s & ,grawitz rea*$ an und]/&+ conc]n+ ,ploetn]'s cont9u$ collaboration ) ,s*ill+4 ,on #ba ,june1 ,siev]s conf]r$ ) ,s*ill+ ab\t limit+ ,ploetn]'s activities ) him aft] 8 transf] to ! ,ahn5]be4 ,ploetn] 0 actually appo9t$ dep>tm5t head 9 ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ( ! ,ahn5]be on #bg ,june4 ,! entry = #bd ,augu/ #aidd notes t collaboration betwe5 ,s*ill+ & ,ploetn] _h be5 agre$ ^u4 7#cedf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abc47 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,siev]s 99 99 99 99 99 ,mal>ia ,exp]im5ts #a4 ,"u ! direction ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*ill+1 mal>ia exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au conc5tration camp 9 ! ye>s #aida-aidd4 #b4 ,accord+ to ! /atem5ts 9 ! v]dict ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,c\rt at ,da*au ( #bf ,janu>y #aidf 7,,no-#hef1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abe7 a great numb] ( p 7 kill$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 #c4 ,siev]s _h n ! slighte/ connection ) ei!r ,pr(essor ,s*ill+'s mal>ia exp]im5ts or ) any o!r mal>ia exp]im5ts4 ,! prosecution *>ges ,siev]s ) p>ticipation 9 mal>ia exp]im5ts4 8,z c be se5 9 all sph]es ( ?is devili% exp]im5t program 9 ,nazi ,g]many1 ! def5dants *>g$ ) ! mal>ia exp]im5ts _h on _! side an ext5sive k ( ,s*ill+'s activity4 ,9 "s cases !y work$ actively ) ! late ,dr4 ,s*ill+04 7,tr4 pp4 #djc-d47 ,= pro(1 ! prosecution ref]s to ,,no-#gba1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #abf4 ,reg>d+ #cedf-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #abc1 ,siev]s' di>y #aidd1 entries ( #bb ,febru>y #aidd & #ca ,may #aidd1 ! prosecution /ates3 8,f ?is docum5t x c be se5 t on or ab\t #a ,april #aidb ,wolfram ,siev]s _h k ( ,dr4 ,s*ill+'s activity 9 ,da*au4 ,?is lett] repres5ts a proposal = plann$ fur!r exp]im5ts & cle>ly %[s t ! di/+ui%$ ,wolfram ,siev]s 9 8 capacity z ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ( ,ahn5]be _h a f+] 9 all ^! matt]s40 ,! def5se has prov$3 ,siev]s /at$ 9 8 cross-exam9ation t ! affairs :i* he discuss$ ) ,dr4 ,may on #a ,april #aidb 9 ,muni* _h no?+ :atsoev] to d ) mal>ia exp]im5ts4 ,siev]s paid a social visit to ,dr4 ,s*ill+ 9 ,da*au 9 ! middle ( ! ye> #aidd 9 ord] to get ,dr4 ,ploetn] releas$ = ! manufacture ( pect94 7,cross-exam9ation ( ,siev]s1 ,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #efib-ic47 ,nei!r ,siev]s nor ! ,ahn5]be nor ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ,in/itut fu] ,wehrwiss5s*aftli*e ,zweck=s*ung _h any?+ to d ) mal>ia exp]im5ts4 7,cross-exam9ation ( ,siev]s1 ,g]man ,tr4 p4 #efic2 ,/atem5t ( ! witness ,dr4 ,may1 ,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ehgg47 ,nei!r c !re be prov$ f ,po9t f\r ( ! memor&um ( #a ,april #aidb 7,,no-#gba1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abf7 any connection ( ,siev]s ) ! mal>ia exp]im5ts4 ,an affidavit ( ! secret>y ,hildeg>d ,wolff relates h[ ! memor&um ( #a ,april #aidb & ! draw+ up ( ,po9t f\r came ab\t4 ,%e took d[n & typ$ ! memor&um f ,siev]s' dictation4 7,siev]s #aa1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #h47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,siev]s1 9 ! v hurri$ dictation1 said ,frau ,wolff %\ld write d[n z ,po9t f\r :at ,himml] _h said 9 8 telephone conv]sation ab\t ! erection ( ! in/itute 9 ,da*au4 ,!re=e1 n ,siev]s' b ,himml]'s op9ion is /at$ "h4 ,?r\gh ! discussion ( #a ,april #aidb betwe5 ,siev]s & ,dr4 ,may x _h be5 made completely cle> t human exp]im5ts )9 ! framework ( ! rese>* ord] to ,dr4 ,may 7 absolutely out ( ! "q1 n only = ! reason t su* exp]im5ts w\ld h be5 reject$ on pr9ciple1 b also because human exp]im5ts _h no?+ :atsoev] to d ) ! task ( develop+ an insecticide = insects h>mful to human be+s4 ,moreov]1 no o!r k9d ( human exp]im5t 0 c>ri$ out 9 connection ) ,dr4 ,may's "w4 ,! witness1 ,dr4 ,may1 te/ifi$ conc]n+ ,siev]s' di>y entry ( #bb ,febru>y #aidd t !re nev] exi/$ any coop]ation betwe5 ,dr4 ,may1 ,dr4 ,ploetn]1 & ,dr4 ,s*ill+4 7,witness ,dr4 ,may1 ,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ehgh47 ,t1 h[ev]1 w\ld h be5 a necess>y condition 9 ord] to classify ,siev]s' adm9i/rative activity 9 ?is connection z p>ticipation4 ,z to po9ts f\r1 five1 six1 sev51 !re is no occasion = /atem5ts conc]n+ ^! po9ts4 ,summ>y ,s9ce ,siev]s took no "p 9 ! mal>ia exp]im5ts ( ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ at ,da*au or any o!r mal>ia exp]im5ts1 he is n guilty ( a crime4 ,?us any special responsibility & p>ticipation 9 mal>ia exp]im5ts is exclud$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,rose 99 99 99 99 99 ,/atem5ts ,conc]n+ ! ,"q ( ,responsibility ( ! ,def5dant ,rose = ! ,mal>ia ,exp]im5ts ,c>ri$ ,out by ,pr(essor ,claus ,s*ill+ at ! ,conc5tration ,camp ,da*au & ,conc]n+ ! ,"q ( ,rose's ,p>ticipation 9 ,^! ,exp]im5ts4 ,9 ! indictm5t1 ,pr(essor ,rose is n *>g$ ) special responsibility = ! mal>ia exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp or ) p>ticipation4 ,! def5dant ,rose is also n m5tion$ 9 ,docum5t ,book ,no4 #d ( ! prosecution :i* deals ) ^! mal>ia exp]im5ts4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! v]bal proce$+s 9 ! c\rt1 ! prosecution has1 h[ev]1 pref]r$ *>ges aga9/ ,pr(essor ,rose to ?is effect & introduc$ sev]al new docum5ts 9 ! trial dur+ ! cross-exam9ation ( def5dant ,rose 7,,no-#ageb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhg2 ,,no-#agec1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhh2 ,,no-#agee1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhi2 ,,no-#agef1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhf7 & also he>d ! witness ,vieweg conc]n+ ?is "q4 7,g]man ,tr41 #ac ,dec4 #df1 pp4 #dfd-eaf47 ,?is evid5ce %[s t among o!rs also ! ,dep>tm5t = ,tropical ,diseases ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 9 ,b]l91 "u ! direction ( ! def5dant ,rose1 s5t anopheles eggs & mal>ia cultures on a few occasions to ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ at ,da*au dur+ ! ye>s #aidb to #aidc4 ,at ?is juncture x %\ld be m5tion$ t x is completely immat]ial = ! judgm5t ( ! case :at ! "n ( ! culture ( mal>ia t]tiana 0 & :e!r or n its "n 0 fir/ *ang$ by ,s*ill+ to 8,culture ,rose04 ,! above-m5tion$ evid5ce also %[s t ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ told ,pr(essor ,rose 9 two ( 8 lett]s ab\t 8 bre$+ ( mosquitoes2 f9ally x also %[s t ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ ask$ ! def5dant ,rose f ,italy to procure = him sple5s ( p]sons ^: dea? _h be5 caus$ by mal>ia4 ,?is 0 9 #aida1 at a "t :5 ,s*ill+ 0 n yet work+ 9 ,da*au4 ,accord+ to ! te/imony giv5 by ! def5dant ,rose dur+ cross-exam9ation 7,tr4 pp4 #fdab-c71 he evid5tly compli$ ) ,s*ill+'s reque/4 ,! ,tribunal w h to decide :e!r ^! above-m5tion$ activities ( ! ,dep>tm5t = ,tropical ,diseases ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute "u ! managem5t ( ! def5dant ,rose or 8 own activities1 con/itute1 )9 ! mean+ ( ! ,p5al ,code1 p>ticipation on ! "p ( ! def5dant ,rose 9 ! de$s ( ,pr(essor ,s*ill+4 ,9 my op9ion ?is decision c only be a negative "o1 = ! foll[+s reasons3 ,! deliv]y ( mat]ial necess>y = mal>ia rese>* su* z anopheles eggs & mal>ia cultures 0 "o ( ! (ficial duties ( ! ,dep>tm5t = ,tropical ,diseases ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute4 7,rose #aa1 ,rose ,ex4 #bg47 ,?is dep>tm5t _h a section :i* dealt exclusively ) ^! matt]s4 ,?is c be se5 f bo? ! ye>ly reports ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute & f ! report cov]+ ! ,?ird ,conf]5ce ,ea/ ( ,consult+ ,speciali/s discuss+ "w-projects4 7,rose #ch1 ,rose ,ex4 #aj2 ,rose #aj1 ,rose ,ex4 #bf2 ,rose #ab1 ,rose ,ex4 #bh47 ,deliv]ies ( ?is k9d are int]nationally common practice & 7 nev] d5i$ by ! def5dant ,rose4 ,x is also common practice to use ! organs ( human corpses = ! c>ry+ out ( sci5tific rese>*4 7,tr4 p4 #fdgd2 ,rose #ea1 ,rose ,ex4 #ej47 ,! pr]equisites = su* deliv]ies are t !y are reque/$ ei!r by well-kn[n in/itutes or by r5[n$ rese>* sci5ti/s4 ,x _c be d5i$ t ,s*ill+1 a c[ork] ( ,rob]t ,ko* & a memb] ( ! mal>ia commission ( ! ,league ( ,nations1 0 fam\s z a mal>ia rese>* sci5ti/4 ,9 a case ( ?is k9d1 ! non-deliv]y ( su* mat]ial w\ld h be5 an express violation ( traditional practice & ( (ficial duty4 ,x is also n int]national usage = ! ord]] to be que/ion$ ab\t ! int5d$ use ( ! mat]ial be=e its deliv]y4 7,comp>e ,mrug[sky #d;a1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #if2 ,rose #di1 ,rose ,ex4 #dh2 ,g]man ,tr41 #ai ,june #dg1 p4 #ifhj47 ,ev5 if ,pr(essor ,rose decl>$1 9 ! witness box dur+ exam9ation on 8 own behalf1 t he assumes full responsibility = x1 x %\ld be m5tion$ "h t su* deliv]ies are c>ri$ out 9 su* a r\t9e way t ! *ief ( ! in/itute (t5 kn[s no?+ ab\t x s9ce ^! matt]s are dispat*$ indep5d5tly by ! p]sonnel employ$ by him 9 ! laboratory4 ,?is also 0 ! proc$ure 9 ! case 9 "q z ! evid5ce %[s unequivocally4 7,rose #ce1 ,rose ,ex4 #cb2 ,g]man ,tr41 #af ,dec4 #df1 p4 #ejg2 ,tr4 pp4 #fjbj1 #fceb47 ,?us1 x is by no means surpris+ t ! def5dant ,rose c\ld no long] rememb] ! correspond5ce ) ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ put be=e him by ! prosecution dur+ cross-exam9ation especially s9ce und\bt$ly x (t5 happ5s t1 z 9 ! case 9 "q1 al?\gh ! lett]s are s5t by ! ord]] to ! head ( su* an in/itute p]sonally1 ! dispat*+ ( ! ord] is nev]!less c>ri$ out indep5d5tly by ! p]sonnel ( ! in/itute4 ,besides1 ! deliv]y ( ^! mat]ials by ! ,dep>tm5t = ,tropical ,diseases ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute to ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ 0 by no means a pr]equisite = ! c>ry+ out ( 8 exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au1 s9ce x has already be5 e/abli%$ t ,s*ill+ obta9$ no less ?an #ab o!r mal>ia cultures f o!r in/itutes4 7,,no-#ageb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhg2 ,g]man ,tr41 #af ,dec4 #df1 p4 #eji47 ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ also obta9$ mosquitoes f o!r in/itutes4 7,g]man ,tr41 #af ,dec4 #df1 p4 #ejg47 ,naturally ^! in/itutes c\ld also n h _h any scruples ab\t s5d+ mat]ial to ,pr(essor ,s*ill+4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ p]sonally ma9ta9$ a gr\p ( p to cat* mosquitoes4 7,g]man ,tr41 #af ,dec4 #df1 p4 #ejh47 ,if ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ turn$ at all to ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 9 ?is matt]1 ! ma9 reason = do+ s 0 t = decades he himself _h be5 ! head ( ! ,dep>tm5t = ,tropical ,diseases ( ! ,in/itute & t p]sonnel 7 /ill work+ !re :o _h =m]ly already be5 employ$ "u 8 managem5t4 ,! def5dant ,rose did1 z a matt] ( fact1 oppose ,s*ill+'s sci5tific approa* to ! problem z may cle>ly be se5 f 8 op9ion on ,s*ill+ = ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior 7,tr4 p4 #fjba7 & f 8 lecture 9 ,basel4 7,rose #be1 ,rose ,ex4 #ca47 ,h[ev]1 to judge by ,pr(essor ,s*ill+'s p]sonality & pa/ he c\ld1 nev]!less1 n conceive ! idea t ,pr(essor ,s*ill+'s "w at ,da*au c\ld be any?+ b completely above reproa*4 ,exp]im5ts on human be+s 9 mal>ia rese>* are fir/ ( all1 a matt] ( c\rse & common practice4 ,ev5 if ! def5dant ,rose always limit$ 8 own "w to ! traditional evaluation ( !rapeutic mal>ia infections1 exp]im5ts on prison]s 9 ?is field mu/ unque/ionably be p]missible f an e?ical po9t ( view1 z c be prov$ by ! mal>ia exp]im5ts on _m hundr$s ( prison]s 9 ,am]ican prisons4 7,k>l ,br&t #a1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #a2 ,k>l ,br&t #aag1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ajc2 ,mrug[sky #hj1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #gf2 ,rose #ej1 ,rose ,ex4 #di47 ,ap>t f ! fact t ! deliv]y ( mat]ial to ,s*ill+ by no means oblig$ him to in=m himself ab\t ! latt]'s rese>* "w & its ways & means1 ,rose really _h no k :atsoev] ( ! object ( ! rese>* c>ri$ out by ,s*ill+1 & did n "k ! collaborators ( ! latt]4 7,rose #bi1 ,rose ,ex4 #cd2 ,rose #cj1 ,rose ,ex4 #cc47 ,mu* less 0 he in=m$ ab\t ! conditions "u :i* ,s*ill+ 0 work+ 9 ,da*au4 ,! def5dant ,rose himself is a well-kn[n mal>ia rese>* sci5ti/4 ,mal>ia rese>* 0 ! ma9 /udy ( 8 dep>tm5t at ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 9 ,b]l9 & also lat] 9 ,pfaff5rode4 ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ only work$ ) mal>ia t]tiana 7b5ign t]tian7 9 ,da*au4 7,,no-#ageb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhg47 ,pr(essor ,rose1 z an exp]i5c$ mal>ia rese>* sci5ti/1 knew ( c\rse t ?is =m ( mal>ia is n a dang]\s "o & t no complications are to be expect$ f x4 7,rose #ej1 ,rose ,ex4 #di47 ,! witness ,vieweg 7,tr4 pp4 #deg-deh7 also expressly /at$ t none ( ! prison]s di$ ( mal>ia1 b t ! cause ( dea? c\ld be trac$ back to te*nical errors ,kun/fehl] or to complications1 z1 = example1 faulty puncture ( ! liv] result+ 9 hemorrhage due to omission ( an op]ation & an ov]dose ( pyramidon 9 !rapy1 outbreak ( typhus among ! exp]im5tal subjects & f9ally1 wrong doses 9 ! treatm5t ) salv>san4 ,j 9 pass+ x %\ld also be m5tion$ "h t ! def5dant ,rose also oppos$ ?is la/-m5tion$ me?od ( treatm5t4 ,?is me?od 0 prohibit$ 9 ! ,g]man ,luftwaffe at 8 sugge/ion4 7,,no-#ibb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dce47 ,no fur!r explanation is necess>y to %[ t solely ! p]son c>ry+ out ! exp]im5ts is responsible = te*nical errors & neglig5ce 9 ! process4 ,x seems to me t n ev5 8 sup]iors :o ord]$ ! "w1 namely ,himml] & ,grawitz1 7 responsible = !m4 ,h[ev]1 a p]son assign$ to sup]vise ^! exp]im5ts w\ld h be5 oblig$ to take action :5ev] he 0 in=m$ ( su* te*nical errors or neglig5ce4 ,! def5dant ,rose1 h[ev]1 0 nei!r assign$ to sup]vise nor 0 he in=m$ ( ^! matt]s4 ,x is also unfair to assume t he knew ab\t ^! matt]s1 because he happ5$ to take "p 9 ! conf]5ce on freez+ exp]im5ts :i* took place 9 ,nu]nb]g 9 ,octob] #aidb4 ,fir/ly1 ! freez+ exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,pr(essor ,holzloehn]1 al?\gh also tak+ place on ,da*au1 7 9 no way connect$ ) ! mal>ia exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,pr(essor ,s*ill+4 ,fur!rmore1 ! p>ticipants ( ! conf]5ce 7 mis9=m$ ab\t ! me?od employ$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts & ab\t ! /atus ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 7,h&los] #cg1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #ah2 ,g]man ,tr41 #ab ,dec4 #df1 p4 #cae47 ,n[1 to be sure1 x is kn[n t ,holzloehn]'s1 ,ras*]'s1 & ,f9ke's freez+ exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au4 ,t1 h[ev]1 0 c]ta9ly n made public at ! above-m5tion$ ,nu]nb]g conf]5ce4 ,ev5 if "o ( ! p>ticipants suspect$ t exp]im5ts at a conc5tration camp 7 conc]n$1 he w\ld n h _h ! slighte/ reason to suppose t ! conc5tration camp 9 "q 0 ,da*au4 ,s*ill+'s reports ab\t 8 "w 7 always s5t to ,himml] or ,grawitz b nev] w5t any fur!r4 ,t also expla9s :y no reports ab\t ,s*ill+'s exp]im5ts 7 f\nd 9 ! confiscat$ files ( ! def5dant ,rose4 7,tr4 pp4 #eeff1 #fjba2 ,g]man ,tr41 #ac ,dec4 #df1 pp4 #dff-g2 ,g]man ,tr41 #bf ,m>4 #dg1 p4 #eajf2 ,g]man ,tr41 #b ,apr4 #dg1 pp4 #edbj-a47 ,rose p]sonally 0 ! prototype ( a work] above reproa* 9 ! field ( mal>ia rese>* & ) reg>d to 8 c>e = ! well-be+ ( 8 mal>ia pati5ts 7,rose #dg1 ,rose ,ex4 #ce71 z %[n by ! inve/igation und]tak5 by ! compet5t ,am]ican au?orities4 ,he risk$ 8 own life 7,rose #h1 ,rose ,ex4 #bi7 9 ord] to assure ! ord]ly h&+-ov] ( 8 ,mal>ia ,rese>* ,in/itute 9 ,pfaff5rode to ! ,am]icans--9 contra/ to ,da*au1 )\t burn+ files & ! l1 & also to insure cont9u$ regul> c>e & m$ical treatm5t = 8 pati5ts4 7,rose #ca1 ,rose ,ex4 #cf2 ,rose #cb1 ,rose ,ex4 #cg2 ,rose #cc1 ,rose ,ex4 #ch2 ,rose #cd1 ,rose ,ex4 #ci47 ,x w\ld be completely incompreh5sible if su* a man 7 to be made responsible = ! te*nical errors & neglig5ce ( ano!r :o 0 n ev5 "u 8 influ5ce4 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,pros4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#hef #abe ,extracts f ! review ( ! #bhi proce$+s ( ! g5]al milit>y c\rt 9 ! case ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,weiss1 ,rupp]t1 et al41 held at ,da*au1 ,g]many4 ,def5se ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,def4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,rose ,docum5t #aa ,rose ,ex4 #bg ,extracts f report ( ,pr(essor #bih ,dr4 ,e4 ,gildemei/] conc]n+ ! activities ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute--,rei* in/itute = ! fight aga9/ infecti\s diseases4 ,rose ,docum5t #dg ,rose ,ex4 #ce ,affidavit ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hans #cjj ,lux5burg]1 #bd ,m>* #aidg1 conc]n+ ,rose's int]e/ 9 !rapeutical mal>ia treatm5ts4 ,rose ,docum5t #ej ,rose ,ex4 #di ,extract f ! affidavit ( #cjb ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,ern/ ,georg ,nauck1 ,m4 ,d41 ,hamburg #d1 ,b]nh>d-,no*t-,in/itute = nautical & tropical diseases4 ,te/imony ,extracts f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,augu/ ,h4 #cjc ,vieweg ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,rose #cjh ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#hef ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #abe ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,review ,,( ,,! ,,proce$+s ,,( ,,! ,,g5]al ,,milit>y ,,c\rt ,,9 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,vs4 ,,weiss1 ,,rupp]t1 ,,et ,,al41 ,,held ,,at ,,da*au1 ,,g]many 99 99 99 99 99 ,a s]ies ( exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! treatm5t ( mal>ia 7 conduct$ "u ! sup]vision ( ! accus$1 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ 7,r #aeg74cd ,?ree hundr$ to f\r hundr$ p]sons di$ z a result 7,r #bjd1 #bjf74 ,! facts elicit$ ) respect to ^! exp]im5ts are set out 9 detail infra 9 connection ) ,dr4 ,s*ill+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b4 ,! common design at ! ,kauf]+ ,bran* ,camps ( ,da*au 99 99 99 99 99 ,c4 ,! ,individual ,def5dants 99 99 99 99 99 #ae4 ,dr4 ,claus ,k>l ,s*ill+4 ,a special exp]im5tal /ation _h be5 set aside 9 ! hospital = ! p]=mance ( mal>ia exp]im5ts "u ! sup]vision ( ! accus$ ,dr4 ,s*ill+ 7,r #aia1 #aeg1 #dhb74 ,s*ill+ p]=m$ 8 rese>* = ! purpose ( det]m9+ immunization = & treatm5t ( mal>ia 7,r #aib74 ,reque/s = prison]s 7 made by ,s*ill+ 7,r #aei-afj74 ,"o su* reque/ :i* 0 admitt$ into evid5ce1 /at$ t ,poli% prison]s 7 reque/$ 7,r #afj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ch74ce ,a li/ ( inmates 0 prep>$ 9 ! camp physician's (fice1 ! inmates be+ ( all nationalities :i* 7 repres5t$ 9 ! camp1 & 0 s5t to ! labor (fice :i* made a copy ( ! li/ 7,r #bhd1 #bhe1 #bhg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dg1 #dh1 #aeg74 ,!re ! li/ 0 confirm$ by ! ,s*utzhaftlag]fuehr] :o sometimes made a few *anges 9 ! li/ 7,r #bhe74 ,^! li/s appe>$ ab\t once e mon? s9ce ab\t #aidc 7,r #bhe74 ,none ( ! #a1bjj selectees ev] cons5t$ or volunte]$ 7,r #afj-afa74 ,prie/s 7 (t5 select$ = ^! exp]im5ts 7,r #cef1 #cec74 ,an inmate1 a prie/ nam$ ,fa!r ,ko*1 relat$ 8 exp]i5ce 9 t connection 7,r #cef74 ,he 0 fir/ ,x-ray$ & !n s5t to ! mal>ia /ation 7,r #cef-ceg1 #cec1 #bae74 ,he 0 put into a little room :]e he receiv$ a box ) mosquitoes :i* he _h to hold 9 8 h&s = ab\t half an h\r 7,r #ceh74 ,t occurr$ e day = "o week 7,r #ceh1 #cfc74 ,e aft]noon ano!r box ( mosquitoes 0 put 9 betwe5 8 legs :ile he 0 9 b$ 7,r #ceh1 #cfc74 ,ea* morn+ a blood sme> 0 tak5 f 8 e> & 8 temp]ature 0 measur$ ea* day & night 7,r #ceh1 #cfd74 ,he 0 giv5 qu99e 7,r #ceh1 #cfd74 ,9 ab\t #ag days he left ! hospital 7,r #cei1 #cfd74 ,aft] be+ releas$ f ! hospital he _h to report back e ,saturday 7,r #cfj1 #cfd74 ,eight mon?s lat] he _h an attack ( mal>ia1 :i* recurr$ precisely e #c weeks = #f mon?s 7,r #cei1 #cfc1 #cfd1 #cfe74 ,! symptoms he felt 7 high fev]1 *ills1 & pa9s 9 ! jo9ts 7,r #cei74 ,ko* did n volunte] = ! exp]im5ts nor did ! o!r prison]s :o 7 mo/ly ,poles & ,russians1 :o und]w5t ! treatm5t ) him 7,r #cef1 #cfb74 ,! prison]s 7 infect$ ) mal>ia by ! injections ( ! mosquitoes !mselves or ! injections ( extracts ( ! muc\s gl&s ( ! mosquitoes 7,r #aeg74 ,aft] hav+ contract$ mal>ia ! prison]s 7 treat$ 9 diff]5t ways 7,r #aeg74 ,"s1 z ,fa!r ,ko*1 7 giv5 qu99e 7,r #ceh74 ,o!rs 7 giv5 neosalv>san1 pyramidon1 antipyr91 a drug numb]$ #ibeaf1 & sev]al comb9ations ( ^! 7,r #aeg74 ,"s p di$ z a result ( ^! exp]im5ts 7,r #aeh74 ,s*ill+ 0 pres5t :5 autopsies 7 p]=m$ on "s ( ^? p]sons 7,r #aeh74 ,:5ev] anyone di$ :o _h be5 inject$ ) mal>ia1 a report ( t dea? 0 made to ! accus$ ,s*ill+ & ! *ief doctor 7,r #aeh74 ,"s ( ! victims di$ f ! intoxication ( neosalv>san & pyramidon1 = _m individuals c\ld n )/& l>ge doses ( ^! drugs 7,r #aei74 ,f ! autopsy x c\ld be det]m9$ t a pati5t di$ ( neosalv>san s9ce ! reactions 7 simil> to ars5ic 7,r #aic1 #aid74 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( #aidd ?ree dea?s result$ f ! use ( pyramidon 7,r #aid74 ,^! p 7 br\ght directly f ! mal>ia w>d to ! autopsy room 7,r #aig74 ,two "y ,russian boys :o 7 transf]r$ f ! mal>ia w>d to ! g5]al m$ical w>d di$ )9 a day aft] _! arrival because ( ov]doses ( pyramidon 7,r #cid-cie1 #dje74 ,!y _h be5 s5t to ! g5]al w>d s t ! (ficial cause ( dea? :i* w\ld be /at$ w\ld n be mal>ia 7,r #dje74 ,pyramidon has a toxic on ! blood corpuscles :i* causes !m to dis9tegrate 7,r #aie74 ,mal>ia 0 ! direct cause ( #cj dea?s & z a result ( complications1 #cjj to #djj m di$ 7,r #aif1 #aig74 ,p :o _h di$ directly f mal>ia _h come /raight f ! mal>ia w>d :ile ! #cjj to #djj o!rs _h und]gone ! mal>ia exp]im5t 7,r #bjd74 ,^! p :o _h be5 subject$ to mal>ia may lat] h di$ ( tub]culosis1 pneumonia1 or dys5t]y 7,r #aif74 ,"s ( ! pati5ts :om ,dr4 ,s*ill+ us$ _h _h tub]culosis be=e und]go+ ! exp]im5ts 7,r #aa74 ,fev] type diseases h adv]se effects on tub]culosis 7,r #baa74 ,an index ( ! mal>ia diseas$ p 0 kept 9 ! hospital (fice 7,r #aih74 ,s*ill+ receiv$ v>i\s visitors su* z ,dr4 ,rabbit1 :o 0 a ,rei* ,,ss physician at ,orani5b]g 7,r #aib74 ,a pretrial affidavit ( ! accus$ ,s*ill+ execut$ 9 8 own h&writ+ on #cj ,octob] #aide be=e #b;d ,lieut5ant ,w]n] ,conn 0 admitt$ into evid5ce 7,r #hbg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abb74 ,?is /atem5t reads 9 p]t95t "p & 9 translation z foll[s3 8,my "n is ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,claus ,s*ill+4 ,i h already work$ on tropical diseases = #de ye>s4 ,i came to ! exp]im5tal /ation 9 ,da*au 9 ,febru>y #aidb4 ,i judge t ,i inoculat$ betwe5 #ijj & #a1jjj prison]s4 ,^? 7 mo/ly inoculations = protection4 ,^! p1 h[ev]1 7 n volunte]s4 ,! inmates :om ,i gave protective inoculations 7 n exam9$ by me b by ! curr5t camp doctor4 ,be=e ! inoculation !re 0 usually an obs]vation ( sev]al days4 ,! la/ camp doctor 0 ,dr4 ,h9t]may]4 ,z well z ,i c rememb]1 9 #c ye>s !re 7 #di pati5ts :o di$ outside ! mal>ia /ation4 ,! pati5ts 7 always releas$ by me z cur$ only aft] #a ye>4 8,z rem$y ,i us$ qu99e1 atabr9e1 & neosalv>san4 ,i "k = sure ( six cases :]e ,i us$ pyramidon tablets to hold d[n ! fev] 7,pros4 ,ex4 #abb740 99 99 99 99 99 ,v4 ,evid5ce = ! ,def5se4 99 99 99 99 99 #ae4 ,doctor ,claus ,k>l ,s*ill+ ,! accus$ ,doctor ,s*ill+ elect$ to te/ify & made ! foll[+ unsworn /atem5t3 ,he 0 #gd ye>s old1 m>ri$1 _h "o son1 & 0 a physician4 ,he _h specializ$ 9 tropical diseases1 p>ticul>ly mal>ia1 s9ce #ahih 7,r #adij1 #aejj74 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ /udi$ "u ,pr(essor ,ko* ( ,b]l91 & graduat$ f ,muni* z a physician 9 #ahid 7,r #ahid74 ,he did rese>* "w 9 ,africa on mal>ia1 sleep+ sickness1 & tsetse fly diseases 7,r #adig1 #adih74 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ work$ = ! ,rockefell] ,f\ndation 9 ,b]l91 receiv+ a grant 9 #aiaa = ! /udy ( v>i\s diseases & = a trip to ,rome 7,r #adii1 #aejj1 ,def4 ,ex4 #ai74cf ,9 ,decemb] #aida 9 ,italy ,dr4 ,s*ill+ met ,dr4 ,conti1 ! ,rei* physician lead]1 :o invit$ him to see ,himml] 7,r #aejj1 #aeja1 #aejh74 ,s*ill+ w5t to ,himml] :o gave him ! ord] to cont9ue 8 /udies at ,da*au 7,r #aejb74 ,s*ill+ _h select$ ,da*au because x 0 ne> 8 bir?place 7,r #aefh-aefi74 ,! "q ( us+ prison]s = exp]im5ts 0 n discuss$ 7,r #aejb74 ,9 ,janu>y #aidb1 ,s*ill+ w5t to ,da*au 7,r #aejb74 ,s*ill+ only accept$ ?is commission at ,da*au because ! ,league ( ,nations1 ( :i* he 0 a memb]1 told him ( ! importance ( cur+ ! sev5te5 million kn[n cases ( mal>ia4 ,he believ$ x 0 8 duty to humanity 7,r #aedj74 ,he nev] became a memb] ( ! ,,ss or ! ,nazi ,p>ty 7,r #aejc74 ,he 0 a 8free1 indep5d5t1 rese>* man40 7,r #aefh47 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ infect$ ?\s&s ( prison]s ) mal>ia 8,b5ign ,t]tian0 :i* is n fatal 7,r #aejc74 ,! purpose = ?is 0 to f9d a vacc9ation aga9/ mal>ia & today !re is no vacc9ation aga9/ mal>ia except ! "o discov]$ by ,s*ill+ 7,r #aejc74 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ us$ mosquitoes & blood transfusions to infect ! pati5ts & receiv$ pati5ts already infect$ 7,r #aejc1 #aejd74 ,! pati5ts 7 divid$ into gr\ps & 7 con/antly wat*$1 "o gr\p = ! purpose ( keep+ up ! /ra9 & ano!r = immunization purposes 7,r #aeje-aejf74 ,! latt] 7 inject$ repeat$ly to /ep up _! immunity 7,r #aejf74 ,s*ill+ re-infect$ ab\t #djj to #ejj pati5ts & us$ qu99e1 atabr9e1 & neosalv>san1 & a dye ,no4 #beaf :i* made ! pati5ts immune2 to prove ?is he _h to te/ by infect+ !m aga9 7,r #aejg74 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ c\ld n "w ) animals because !y are n receptive to mal>ia & m5 are us$ ?r\gh\t ! _w 7,r #aejg74 ,he assum$ t ,admiral ,/ipp & ,m>k ,boyd1 two mal>ia au?orities1 us$ humans 9 _! exp]im5ts 7,r #aejh74 ,infect$ mal>ia has be5 us$ to cure p>alysis 7,r #aejh74 ,only ab\t f\r or five ( ! pati5ts refus$ to be immuniz$1 b !y cons5t$ aft] ,s*ill+ expla9$ ! importance ( ! "w 7,r #aeji74 ,! selections ( ! pati5ts 7 made z foll[s3 ,b]l9 all[$ him ?irty pati5ts a mon? & he w\ld requisition !m ?r\gh ! camp physician f ! comm&ant :o contact$ ! labor lead] 7,r #aeaj74 ,! latt] select$ heal?y prison]s & ,s*ill+'s assi/ants *ose ! f9al names & s5t !m to ,b]l91 :]e ! selection 0 approv$ 7,r #aeji1 #aeaj74 ,^! pati5ts 7 c>efully inspect$ & c\ld n be refus$ by ,s*ill+ by ord] ( ,himml] 7,r #aeaa74 ,! doses ( neosalv>san 7 #a4ed grams & at no "t fail$ 7,r #aeab74 ,he us$ pyramidon to l[] ! body temp]ature al?\gh ! drug has a bad effect on ! blood corpuscles 7,r #aeac1 #aead74 ,he us$ ?is drug only 9 #ae cases & f\nd t two grams 7 n h>mful4 ,?is 0 important s ! body c\ld react )\t fev] 7,r #aeae74 ,nobody di$ f pyramidon 7,r #aeae74 ,mal>ia has be5 us$ to cure syphilis & neosalv>san c de/roy p>asites 9 a fev] 7,r #aeae74 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ nev] dealt ) ,dr4 ,blaha on any autopsies involv+ neosalv>san poison+4 ,dis*>g$ pati5ts 7 told to report back if !y felt sick 7,r #aeaf74 ,p]iodic *ecks 7 made ( !m & any pati5t 0 receiv$ back if !re 0 sign ( relapse 7,r #aeag74 ,if ,s*ill+ 0 ask$ to resume 8 "w1 he w\ld d s only on volunte]s 7,r #aeah74 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ 0 )drawn z a witness1 at ?is po9t1 b resum$ ! /& lat] & te/ifi$ z foll[s3 ,9 dea? ?r\gh neosalv>san all organs are affect$ 7,r #aecf74 ,blood cells may die1 b no?+ l ?is happ5$ 9 8 cases 7,r #aecf1 #aecg74 ,x is impossible to det]m9e dea? by mal>ia by a m]e autopsy )\t a microscope1 especially :]e !re may be o!r complications 7,r #aecg74 ,pyramidon is r>ely ! cause ( dea? 7,r #aecg74 ,out ( ! #ajj p infect$ by ,dr4 ,s*ill+ ) mal>ia1 n a s+le "o ( !m di$ ( uncomplicat$ mal>ia 7,r #aech74 ,weight ( ! pati5ts dur+ exp]im5ts increas$4 ,additional food 0 giv5 & p suff]+ f contagi\s disease w\ld be isolat$ 7,r #aeci74 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ nev] /at$ ! wrong cause ( dea? 7,r #aeci74 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ /at$ he c\ldn't exp]im5t on himself because he _h _h mal>ia 9 #aicc & m5 l him _c be re9fect$ 9 mo/ cases al?\gh mal>ia is a recurr+ disease 7,r #aeda74 ,if !re is *ronic mal>ia1 ! he>t muscles w suff] z 9 all *ronic diseases 7,r #aedc74 ,mal>ia w increase ! wat]y sub/ance 9 ! blood & ! bra9 w suff] "u *ronic mal>ia 7,r #aedd74 ,*ronic mal>ia w weak5 ! body to make x susceptible to o!r diseases & "o may die ( ano!r disease :ile hav+ mal>ia 7,r #aedf74 ,s*ill+ _h ,,ss doctors help+ him & exam9$ all pati5ts p]sonally & sup]vis$ ! records 7,r #aedf74 ,s*ill+ recogniz$ ,prosecution ,exhibit #aca :i* /at$ t #ai cases 7 treat$ ) pyramidon1 ?ree ( :om di$ 7,r #aedg74 ,he decl>$ ^! pati5ts 7 suff]+ f typhus & 7 remov$ f ! w>d 7,r #aedg1 #aedh74 ,al?\gh !re 0 a typhus epidemic 9 ,novemb] #aidd & he knew t p 7 dy+1 he cont9u$ 8 exp]im5ts 7,r #aeej74 ,ev]yone :o 0 inoculat$ rema9$ at ! /ation 7,r #aeej74 ,"o pati5t 0 inject$ ?ree times & lat] di$ ( typhus 7,r #aeea74 ,he 0 giv5 neosalv>san1 atabr9e1 & qu99e4 ,pyramidon doses ( ?ree grams p] day = five successive days 7 giv54 ,dr4 ,blaha did n in=m ,s*ill+ ( ! dea?s due to pyramidon poison+4 ,if ,s*ill+ _h be5 notifi$ he w\ld h /opp$ ! exp]im5t4 ,an ,italian nam$ ,calv]oni 0 infect$ ) blood & might h gott5 typhus 7,r #aeef74 ,if a man is suff]+ f malnutrition1 a big dose ( neosalv>san is n advisable 7,r #aeeg74 ,if x w\ld save 8 life1 ,s*ill+ w\ld give x to him 7,r #aeeg74 ,x dep5d$ on ! physical condition ( ! man & ( :at he 0 suff]+2 yet1 ,s*ill+ gave ! drug to ,fa!r ,wicki :o only weigh$ #ej kilos 7,r #aeeh71 b ,s*ill+ says t ,wicki 0 n a sev]e case 7,r #aeei74 ,s*ill+ gave #c grams ( neosalv>san 9 #e days1 :i* 0 ! l>ge/ dose he ev] gave ov] t p]iod ( "t4 ,he does n rememb] giv+ drugs to suff]]s ( dys5t]y 7,r #aefb74 ,s*ill+ did n rememb] specific cases :]e he did n use caution 7,r #aeff1 #aefg74 ,he recall$ ! prie/ ,/a*[ski :o di$1 b doesn't rememb] he di$ f neosalv>san 7,r #aefg1 #aefh74 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ 0 n "u ! control ( ! ,,ss 7,r #aefh74 ,he he>d rumors ab\t beat+s1 b did n conc]n himself ) 8?+s t 7 n my bus9ess0 7,r #aefi74 ,all 8 records _h be5 burn$ 7,r #aegj74 ,s*ill+ d5i$ all accusations aga9/ him o!r ?an :at he admitt$ z "p ( 8 duty 7,r #aegb1 #aegc74 ,he decl>$ t 8 "w 0 unf9i%$ & t ! c\rt %\ld d :at x c\ld to help him f9i% 8 exp]im5ts = ! b5efit ( sci5ce & to rehabilitate himself 7,r #aegd74 ,mrs4 ,hubn]1 :o knew ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ = #cj ye>s1 /at$ t %e (t5 saw him 9 ,italy & 9 ,g]many & has kn[n him to be ( good reputation & ( good v]acity 7,r #aeai1 #aebj1 #aeba74 ,he told h] 8 only aim 0 to help cure mal>ia 7,r #aebb74 ,%e believ$ 8 int5tions at ,da*au 7 good 7,r #aebc74 ,frau ,durck1 ! wife ( a univ]sity pr(essor ( anatomical pa?ology :o 0 int]e/$ 9 mal>ia rese>*1 knew ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ s9ce #aibd 7,r #aebe1 #aebf74 ,s*ill+ 0 always reg>d$ 9 8 field z a s]i\s sci5ti/ 7,r #aebg74 ,%e knew :at he 0 do+ at ,da*au b h] husb& w\ld n h done x 7,r #aebg74 ,dr4 ,eis5b]g]1 a lawy] = #eb ye>s1 knew ,dr4 ,s*ill+ = #cj ye>s 7,r #aebg74 ,he consid]$ ,s*ill+ highly respectable & reliable1 & said ,s*ill+ 0 seek+ to b5efit sci5ce & w\ld nev] d any?+ wrong 7,r #aebh74 ,he9ri* ,/oehr1 a male nurse at ,da*au1 te/ifi$ x 0 kn[n t ,s*ill+ work$ on ord]s f ,himml] 7,r #afjh1 #afji74 ,! camp physician's & ,s*ill+'s assi/ants exam9$ ! pati5ts prior to exp]im5tation 7,r #afji74 ,dr4 ,bra*tel1 an ,,ss doctor & assi/ant to ,s*ill+1 also p]=m$ atabr9e exp]im5ts 7,r #afaj74 ,if a pati5t _h a relapse f mal>ia1 he 0 treat$ by ,dr4 ,s*ill+ 7,r #afaa1 #afab74 ,o!rs 7 giv5 qu99e by "s ( ! hospital /aff 7,r #afaa1 #afab74 ,max ,kron5feld] work$ 9 ! mal>ia /ation "u ,s*ill+ f ,febru>y #aida to ,june #aidc 7,r #afad74 ,he knew ab\t a ,dr4 ,bra*tel1 :o also made private exp]im5ts on mal>ia )\t ! k ( ,dr4 ,s*ill+ 7,r #afae74 ,kron5feld] took blood sme>s & p]=m$ m9or details su* z clean+ up 7,r #afaf74 ,bra*tel exp]im5t$ ) pati5ts :o _h tub]culosis1 help$ by a man nam$ ,adam 7,r #afag74 ,adam 0 (t5 9 ! morgue ) ,dr4 ,blaha 7,r #afah74 ,fa!r ,rupiep] _h be5 subject$ to ! mal>ia exp]im5t 9 ,augu/ #aidb 7,r #iba74 ,o!r prie/s :o 7 also subject$ 7 ,pet] ,b[]1 ,gu/av ,spitzick1 ,amon ,burckh>dt1 ,fritz ,kell]1 & ,kas9em] ,gasim] ,rik(sky 7,r #iba74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vi4 ,prosecution ,rebuttal ,evid5ce4 ,common ,design4 99 99 99 99 99 #ae4 ,dr4 ,claus ,k>l ,s*ill+4 ,:5 "o ( ,dr4 ,s*ill+'s pati5ts di$ !re 7 ord]s to report t fact to ! mal>ia /ation ev5 ?\gh ! man _h di$ 9 ano!r section ( ! hospital 7,r #agab74 ,t[>d ! end ( #aidb ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ 0 p]sonally pres5t at ! autopsy ( a man :o di$ ( neosalv>san & he reque/$ ! bra91 liv]1 kidneys1 sple51 & a piece ( /oma* 7,r #agab1 #agca74 ,9 t case ,dr4 ,s*ill+ dictat$ "p ( ! f9d+s ) respect to ! cause ( dea? 7,r #agab74 ,:5 ! fir/ ?ree pati5ts di$ f pyramidon 9 ,febru>y #aide1 a memb] f ! mal>ia /ation & ,dr4 ,h9t]may] 7 pres5t 7,r #agac1 #agbc1 #agca74 ,dr4 ,blaha /at$ t 9 8 exp]i5ce z a physician ! av]age pati5t c\ld receive #c4c pyramidon a day1 & t ! l>ge/ dose w\ld be #b grams p] day1 b t ( c\rse assum$ t ! individual 0 heal?y & /rong 7,r #agac74 ,9 ,dr4 ,blaha's judgm5t1 ! prison inmates c\ld n be giv5 m ?an #a to #b grams = a few days 7,r #agad74 ,if ^! p 7 to receive #c grams p] day = ?ree successive days1 signs ( poison+ w\ld be reveal$ 7,r #agad74 ,dr4 ,blaha /at$ t an autopsy reveal$ t dea? f pyramidon 0 ! result ( sudd5 suffocation :i* 0 n true 9 ! case ( typhus 7,r #agbe74 ,dea? f typhus c\ld be det]m9$ by c]ta9 indicia )\t a microscope 7,r #agbe74 ,dr4 ,blaha expla9$ t ! ord9>y mydol tablet conta9$ #c pyramidon & t x is sold ov] ! op5 c\nt] 7,r #agbb74 ,if tak5 9 mod]ate doses x w n h any ill effects 7,r #agbb74 ,a leaflet ( ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b51 ,indiana1 :i* held ! neosalv>san conta9$ ! foll[+ in/ructions3 8,9 betwe5 ! individual infections1 spaces ( "t %\ld be p]mitt$ to elapse1 f #c to #g days40 7,pros4 ,ex4 #acd7 ,^! 7 in/ructions = syphilis 7,r #aefd74 ,9 p>agraph five 9 ! leaflet x read 9 "p1 8su* caution 9 ! use ( neosalv>san is recomm5d$ = und]n\ri%$ & sev]e anaemic pati5ts1 tub]culosis1 diseases ( ! lungs1 he>t1 kidneys1 liv]1 & inte/9es40 7,r #aefd1 #aefe47 99 99 99 99 99 ,x4 ,m]its & ,def5se4 99 99 99 99 99 #ae4 ,dr4 ,claus ,k>l ,s*ill+4 ,dr4 ,s*ill+1 at ! call ( ,himml]1 began conduct+ 8 mal>ia exp]im5ts at ,da*au 9 ,febru>y #aidb4 ,he cont9u$ ^! exp]im5ts until lib]ation ( ! camp4 ,x 0 undisput$ t ! inmates :om ,dr4 ,s*ill+ us$ 9 8 "w 7 n volunte]s4 ,dr4 ,s*ill+'s rese>* 0 p]=m$ = ! purpose ( det]m9+ immunization = & treatm5t ( mal>ia4 ,8 reque/s = inmates 7 made ab\t e mon?4 ,^! li/s 7 prep>$ 9 ! camp physician's (fice & !n s5t to ! camp comm&] & labor (fice4 ,ab\t #a1bjj selectees 7 ?us *os5 = subjection4 ,_m ( !m 7 prie/s4 ,! numb] ( p :o di$ f ! mal>ia or f ! drugs su* z pyramidon or neosalv>san is n kn[n4 ,c]ta9ly "s di$4 ,x is reasonable to inf] t ! dea?s ( _m ( ! inmates f tub]culosis1 dys5t]y1 typhus1 & o!r diseases 7 caus$ 9 "p by ! fact t ^? p _h be5 subject$ to mal>ia4 ,al?\gh ,dr4 ,s*ill+'s motive may h be5 simply & purely a sci5tific "o1 8 activities exemplifi$ ! ,nazi s*eme :i* exi/$ at ,da*au4 ,! "p he play$ 9 t s*eme is cle>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xiv4 ,s5t5ces4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 _m respects ! accus$ ,s*ill+ 0 ! mo/ repreh5sible4 ,he volunt>ily came to ,da*au fully cognizant ( ! nature ( ! "w he int5d$ to p]=m4 ,be+ ! educat$ & le>n$ p]son t he 01 ,s*ill+ und\bt$ly mu/ h realiz$ ! mann] 9 :i* 8 "w suit$ ! ne$s ( ! ,nazis4 ,al?\gh 8 p]sonal motives may h /emm$ f 8 desire to aid humanity1 he p]mitt$ himself to utilize ,nazi me?ods 9 contra/ to o!r em95t ,g]man arti/s & sci5ti/s :o ei!r fl$ or refus$ to make !mselves a "p ( ! ,nazi sy/em4 ,x is believ$ t ! s5t5ce ( ! ,c\rt1 :i* 0 aw>e ( ,s*ill+'s position 9 ! sci5tific _w1 %\ld be approv$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xvi4 ,actions4 ,a =m ( action design$ to c>ry ! =ego+ recomm5dations into effect1 %\ld !y meet ) y\r approval1 is submitt$ h]e)4 ,signature ,*>les ,e4 ,*eev] ,typ$ ,,*>les ,e4 ,,*eev] ,colonel1 ,,jagd1 ,/aff ,judge ,advocate4 ,,milit>y ,,gov]nm5t ,,c\rt ,,ord] ,,on ,,review ,ord] ,no4 #c4 ,:]eas ,m>t9 ,gottfri$ ,weiss1 ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,rupp]t1 et al41 7 convict$ ( ! (f5ses ( ,violations ( ,laws & usages ( w> 9 t !y act$ 9 pursuance ( a common design1 did enc\rage1 aid1 abet1 & p>ticipate 9 ! subjection ( ,alli$ nationals & prison]s ( w> to cruelties & mi/reatm5ts at ,da*au conc5tration camp & its subcamps by ! ,g5]al ,milit>y ,c\rt appo9t$ pursuant to p>agraph #c1 ,,s #cjd1 ,hq41 #b ,novemb] #aide1 at ,da*au1 ,g]many & ea* accus$ 0 s5t5c$ to dea? by hang+ except f\r3 ,pet] ,betz :o 0 s5t5c$ to life imprisonm5t1 ,hugo ,alfr$ ,erw9 ,lau/]] :o 0 s5t5c$ to conf9em5t at h>d labor = #aj ye>s1 ,alb9 ,grets* :o 0 s5t5c$ to conf9em5t at h>d labor = #aj ye>s1 & ,johann ,s*oepp :o 0 s5t5c$ to conf9em5t at h>d labor = #aj ye>s by judgm5t dat$ ! #ad? day ( ,decemb] #aide1 & ,:]eas ! case has n[ come be=e me by way ( review & aft] due consid]ation & 9 ex]cise ( ! p[]s conf]r$ ^u me1 ,i h]eby ord]3 ,t ! f9d+s & ! s5t5ce 9 ! cases ( ,weiss1 ,rupp]t1 ,j>ol91 ,tr5kle1 ,ni$]mey]1 ,seuss1 ,ei*b]g]1 ,wagn]1 ,kick1 ,h9t]may]1 ,wittel]1 ,ei*elsdorf]1 ,fo]s*n]1 ,s*ill+1 ,knoll1 ,boettg]1 ,betz1 ,endres1 ,ki]n1 ,rewitz1 ,welt]1 ,suttrop1 ,tempel1 ,lau/]]1 ,be*]1 ,kram]1 ,filleboeck1 ,s*oettl1 ,grets*1 ,kirs*1 ,langlei/1 ,lippmann1 ,degel[1 ,moll1 ,s*ulz1 & ,wetzel be upheld4 ,t ! s5t5ce impos$ 9 ! case ( ,eisele be r$uc$ to conf9em5t at h>d labor = life4 ,t ! s5t5ce impos$ 9 ! case ( ,puhr be r$uc$ to conf9em5t at h>d labor = #bj ye>s4 ,t ! s5t5ce impos$ 9 ! case ( ,mahl be r$uc$ to conf9em5t at h>d labor = #aj ye>s4 ,t ! s5t5ce impos$ 9 ! case ( ,s*oepp be r$uc$ to conf9em5t at h>d labor = #e ye>s1 & = s do+ ?is %all be suffici5t w>rant4 ,dat$ ?is #bd? day ( ,janu>y #aidf4 ,sign$ ,l4 ,k4 ,,truscott1 ,,jr41 ,lieut5ant ,g5]al1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,comm&+4 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,rose ,,docum5t #aa ,,rose ,,def5se ,,exhibit #bg ,,extracts ,,f ,,report ,,( ,,pr(essor ,,dr4 ,e4 ,,gildemei/] ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,activities ,,( ,,! ,,rob]t ,,ko* ,,in/itute--,,rei* ,,in/itute ,,= ,,! ,,fight ,,aga9/ ,,infecti\s ,,diseases 99 99 99 99 99 #b4 ,mal>ia ,rese>*4 a4 ,cultures ( /ra9s4 ,! /ra9 8,greece0 ( plasmodium vivax 0 br$ 9 ! dep>tm5t by ,miss ,lange till #ca ,decemb] #aidb1 9 ! #cj? cont9u\s passage ( man-mosquito-man4 ,! numb] ( infect$ pati5ts up to t date 0 #cgi4 ,! ma9 "w conc]n$ ! mal>ia treatm5t ( p>alytics & s*izophr5ics4 ,9 addition1 h[ev]1 !re 7 a few !rapeutic exp]im5ts ) o!r diseases1 9 cases :]e ! cl9ics conc]n$ requir$ mosquito bite infections 9 ord] to obta9 a reliable mal>ia free f lues4 ,! numb] ( cl9ics & hospitals obta9+ "p or all _! requirem5ts ( !rapeutical mal>ia infection f ! dep>tm5t rose to #aa4 ,9 addition to ! /ra9 8,greece01 v>i\s o!r mal>ia /ra9s 7 tak5 into ! mosquito passage = comp>ative exp]im5ts2 !y 71 h[ev]1 n p]man5tly ma9ta9$4 ,?is consid]able am\nt ( incom+ cl9ical mat]ial 0 cont9u\sly collect$ & sort$ al?\gh x has n yet be5 us$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! rese>* two m laboratory infections occurr$ due to mosquito bites4 ,! foll[+ exam9ations by ,dr4 ,ho]+1 ,pr(essor ,rose1 & ,dr4 ,emmel 7 made possible by ! ma9t5ance ( ! anopheles colony & ! mal>ia bre$4 b4 ,p>asite /ra9+4 ,dr4 ,ho]+ cont9u$ h] "w on ! improvem5t ( ! microscopic pres5tation ( mal>ia p>asites4 ,despite c]ta9 improvem5ts ( ! microscopic picture x 0 n possible to develop a proc$ure easily applicable 9 practice & sup]ior to ! e/abli%$ me?ods4 c4 ,artificial fe$+ & artificial infection ( anopheles4 ,dr4 ,ho]+ cont9u$ to develop ! me?ods ( artificial blood fe$+ ( anopheles1 evolv$ by ,dr4 ,olzs*a4 ,9 ?is artificial fe$+ ! anopheles w\ld n take citrat$ blood ev5 ?\gh sug> _h be5 add$4 ,blood haemoliz$ ) wat] & saturat$ ) sug> 0 tak51 z well z liquid blood1 al?\gh ! addition ( sug> 0 pref]r$4 ,artificial fe$+ ( blood is biologically n altoge!r equal to natural fe$+4 ,! duration ( life 0 almo/ ! same ) artificial fe$+ z ) ! normal fe$+ ( ! animal4 ,h[ev]1 females :i* 7 m]ely artificially f$1 only laid eggs 9 exceptional cases4 ,x is kn[n t ) anopheles :i* suck blood f ! animal1 ! blood ent]s ! duod5um )\t previ\sly ent]+ ! suck+ /oma*1 :ile o!r nutriti\s matt] fir/ rea*es ! suck+ & res]ve /oma*s4 ,x 0 previ\sly assum$ t ! nature ( ! food1 especially ! numb] ( cells1 act$ z indicative irritation4 ,dr4 ,ho]+'s exp]im5ts ) artificial blood nutrition %[$ ?is assumption to be wrong4 ,sweet5$ z well z unsweet5$ blood1 :i* is us$ = artificial fe$+1 fir/ ent]s into ! res]ve /oma*s 9 ! same way z a sug> solution4 ,fur!r exp]im5ts prov$ t ! pi]c+ ( a membrane also causes no indicative irritation4 ,aft] ! me?od ( ! artificial fe$+ ) blood _h be5 develop$1 ,dr4 ,ho]+ c>ri$ out exp]im5ts ) ! fe$+ ( infect$ blood conta9+ mal>ia4 ,f9ally1 x 0 possible to infect anopheles by artificial fe$+ ( blood1 s t normally develop$ sporozoites grew inside !m4 ,?is is ! fir/ "t t su* an exp]im5t 0 successfully c>ri$ ?r\gh4 d4 ,cons]vation ( mal>ia p>asites4 ,pr(essor ,rose _h ! exp]im5ts cont9u$ conc]n+ ! cons]vation ( mal>ia p>asites 9 liquids suitable = ! cons]vation ( blood4 ,ev5 aft] #aej days mal>ia p>asites c\ld be demon/rat$ morphologically 9 individual cases4 ,h[ev]1 attempt at infection ) su* blood did n succe$4 ,! cont9uation & repetition ( ^! exp]im5ts are plann$4 ,! z yet unkn[n possibility ( keep+ mal>ia p>asites alive 9 vitro = su* long p]iods raises ! problem ( :e!r mal>ia p>asites may become also dormant 9 human be+s4 ,! fact t an infection c\ld be a*iev$ 9 human be+s ) #ij-;day-old p>asites proves t ^! pres]v$ p>asites did n lose _! developm5t & multiply+ prop]ties4 ,! assumption ( su* dormant =ms 9 ! human be+ w\ld (f] new explanations = mal>ia relapses aft] long int]vals ( recov]y4 ,! dep>tm5t is engag$ 9 morphologically *>act]iz+ ! dormant =ms obs]v$ 9 a te/ tube & 9 se>*+ = ! exi/5ce ( su* =ms 9 cl9ical mal>ia cases4 e4 ,! appe>ance ( anopheles 9 ! ,w>!gau4 ,dr4 ,olzs*a inve/igat$ ! appe>ance ( anopheles 9 #bba hamlets1 villages1 & scatt]$ settlem5ts ( ! ,w>!gau4 ,anopheles 7 f\nd practically ev]y:]e4 ,! inve/igation ( #fjj individual clu/]s prov$ beyond d\bt t except 9 a few cases :]e a def9ite det]m9ation 0 n possible1 !y belong$ to ! g5us ( messaeae ( anopheles maculip5nis4 ,only 9 "o case 7 ,a4 m4 artrop>vus f\nd4 99 99 99 99 99 h4 ,mal>ia treatm5t4 ,pr(essor ,rose 9 coop]ation ) ,ob]m$iz9alrat ,dr4 ,sagel1 director ( ! ,c\ntry ,m5tal ,in/itution 9 ,arnsdorf-,saxony1 & ,dr4 ,m]t5s1 ,dr4 ,ko5ig1 & ,dr4 ,pet]s1 ,lev]kus51 te/$ ! efficacy ( new syn!tic rem$ies aga9/ mosquito /+ mal>ia4 ,! be/ me?od ( adm9i/]+ a new & prov$ prep>ation 0 develop$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,rose ,,docum5t #dg ,,rose ,,def5se ,,exhibit #ce ,,affidavit ,,( ,,pr(essor ,,dr4 ,,hans ,,lux5burg]1 #bd ,,m>* #aidg1 ,,conc]n+ ,,rose',s ,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,!rapeutical ,,mal>ia ,,treatm5ts ,i1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 m$4 ,hans ,otto ,lux5burg]1 born on #ab ,june #ahid 9 ,s*we9furt1 resid+ 9 ,muni*1 #bb ,liebig/rasse #ce_/;,,ii1 h be5 in=m$ t ,i w be liable to puni%m5t if ,i make a false affidavit4 ,i decl>e "u oa? t my /atem5t is true & 0 made 9 ord] to be submitt$ 9 evid5ce to ,milit>y ,tribunal ,no4 #a at ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice1 ,nu]nb]g1 ,g]many4 ,be+ a psy*iatri/ myself1 ,i took an int]e/ 9 ,pr(essor ,rose's mal>ia rese>* ins(> z we talk$ n[ & aga9 ab\t ,rose's progress & ! results ( 8 rese>*4 ,= me z a psy*iatri/ x 0 always notewor?y t ,rose reg>d$ coop]ation ) ! psy*iatri/s ( hospitals = ! insane by no means only f ! po9t ( view ( 8 int]e/ 9 mal>ia rese>*4 ,on ! contr>y1 he always %[$ def9ite int]e/ 9 ! relat$ psy*iatric-!rapeutic que/ions4 ,contr>y to ! op9ion =m]ly advocat$ by ,wagn]-,jauregg1 he hop$ to atta9 m ?or\gh & p]man5t success 9 treatm5t by infection ) mosquitoes z advocat$ by him 7,rose7 in/ead ( ! =m]ly cu/om>y blood transfusion1 because 9 8 op9ion endo!lia infection 0 also atta9$ !reby4 ,he also 0 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! "q ( f9d+ a b5ign tropical /ra9 & employ+ x 9 treatm5t1 9 ord] to c>ry out ?or\gh & long fev] treatm5ts on cases ( p>alysis relapse2 ?is is g5]ally unsuccessful :5 employ+ ! usual t]tiana /ra9s 9 cases ( relapse4 ,he 0 especially int]e/$ 9 ! possibility ( !rapeutic influ5ce ^u s*izophr5ia4 ,9 ! well-kn[n psy*iatri/ ,dr4 ,sagel1 he _h a co-work] :o advocat$ ! op9ion t s*izophr5ia1 ap>t f its h]$it>y basis1 mu/ be caus$ by an additional ext]nal impairm5t1 & he suspect$ t ^! causes lay 9 infecti\s diseases1 especially rheumatic infections4 ,work+ f ?is assumption1 he hop$ = success ) ?is disease simil> to t ) p>alysis4 ,?is idea 0 n a new "o4 ,simil> exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ e>li]4 ,rose 0 especially enc\rag$ 9 ?is "w by "s impressive isolat$ successes 9 q hopeless cases ( s*izophr5ia4 ,i c recall 8 joy z he told me1 ap>t f o!r1 cases1 ( a woman :o 0 ab\t to be divorc$1 aft] ! head ( ! in/itution _h decl>$ h] condition1 :i* _h exi/$ = m ?an #c ye>s1 to be incurable4 ,9 ?is case ,rose's treatm5t1 accord+ to 8 report1 n only result$ 9 completely re/or+ ! sick woman's heal? b also l$ to h] return to h] family & ! ree/abli%m5t ( ! m>riage4 ,muni*1 #bd ,m>* #aidg ,sign$ ,,pr(4 ,,dr4 ,,hans ,,lux5burg] ,! above signature ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 m$4 ,hans ,otto ,lux5burg]1 resid+ 9 ,muni*1 #bb ,liebig/rasse #ce_/;,,ii1 giv5 be=e me1 ,not>y1 ,!obald ,petri1 ,adm9i/rator1 is h]e) c]tifi$ & atte/$4 ,muni*1 #bd ,m>* #aidg4 ,sign$ ,petri1 ,not>y 7,!obald ,petri71 ,not>y ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,not>y's ,(fice1 ,muni* ,,xvii ,seal ,i c]tify t ! above docum5t is a true & correct copy4 ,nu]nb]g1 #aj ,april #aidg4 ,signature ,dr4 ,,hans ,,fritz 7,dr4 ,hans ,fritz7 ,def5se ,c\nsel ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,rose ,,docum5t #ej ,,rose ,,def5se ,,exhibit #di ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,pr(essor ,,dr4 ,,ern/ ,,georg ,,nauck1 ,m4 ,d41 ,,hamburg #d1 ,,b]nh>d-,,no*t-,,in/itute ,,= ,,nautical ,,& ,,tropical ,,diseases 99 99 99 99 99 ,exp]im5tal infections ( human be+s ) mal>ia t]tiana 7mild t]tian mal>ia7 h prov$ to be h>mless & h v frequ5tly be5 c>ri$ out on volunt>y exp]im5tal subjects4 ,x is well kn[n t artificial infection ) t]tiana is also c>ri$ out z a cure aga9/ o!r diseases 7p>alysis1 rabies74 ,if ! artificial infection is c>ri$ out c>efully & "u m$ical sup]vision1 dea? or p]man5t damage to heal? %\ld n occur4 ,if ! exp]im5t ) mal>ia t]tiana1 z c>ri$ out by ,claus ,s*ill+1 0 c>ri$ out ) ! same c>e1 no dang] to ! exp]im5tal p]sons %\ld h be5 entail$4 ,s9ce ,claus ,s*ill+ 0 a prom95t sci5ti/ ( int]national fame1 x mu/ be assum$ t he c>ri$ out 8 inve/igations ) ! int5tion or ! k n to h>m human life4 ,?is we f9d confirm$ 9 ! foll[+3 #a4 ,/itt's diagnosis1 ,prev5tion & ,treatm5t ( ,tropical ,diseases1 by ,ri*>d ,p4 ,/rong1 #g? edition1 ,london1 ,h4 ,k4 ,lewis ,co41 ,ltd41 #aide1 page #ei3 8,! "q ( ! occurr5ce ( immunity 9 mal>ia has be5 ext5sively /udi$ 9 rec5t ye>s1 n only f ! epidemiologic /&po9t b f exp]im5tal inoculations :i* h be5 c>ri$ on 9 bo? m5 & animals4 ,h[ev]1 9 int]pret+ ! results ( ! inoculations 9 man :i* h be5 c>ri$ out by direct injection ( blood conta9+ s*izonts or by ! injection ( sporozoites f mosquitoes or by ! bites ( infect$ mosquitoes1 _m factors reg>d+ ! virul5ce or numb] ( ! p>asites inoculat$1 ! species & conditions ( infectivity ( ! mosquitoes1 ! temp]ature at :i* !y h be5 kept1 & o!r factors1 mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation 9 draw+ conclusions ) reg>d to ! susceptibility ( individuals to infection4 ,mu* ( ! "w is /ill 9 ! exp]im5tal /age1 ?\gh "s def9ite progress has rec5tly be5 made40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,augu/ ,h4 ,,vieweg#cg ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,:ile y 7 an inmate at ! conc5tration camp1 did y ev] und]go any m$ical exp]im5ts8 ,,witness ,,vieweg3 ,i 0 us$ = mal>ia exp]im5ts by ,pr(essor ,da*f9ney at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp4 ,q4 ,h[ _m times 7 y subject$ to ! mal>ia exp]im5ts by ,dr4 ,s*ill+8 ,a4 ,on five occasions ,i receiv$ injections ( #e cubic c5timet]s ( highly infecti\s mal>ia blood4 ,q4 ,w\ld y k9dly tell ! ,tribunal :at effect ^! exp]im5ts _h on y2 t is1 did y h high fev]1 s]i\s illness1 & s =?8 ,a4 ,q (t5 ,i ran a v high temp]ature4 ,i got into a v exhau/$ condition1 & aft] ! injection ,i receiv$ l>ge doses ( m$ical drugs1 qu99e1 eph$r9e1 & _m o!rs4 ,i 0 9 b$ = weeks1 & aft] "o treatm5t !re 7 #bj to #bf occasions 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>s #aidc1 #aidd1 #aide1 & #aidf1 :5 ,i _h mal>ia attacks1 s t = a long "t ,i 0 unable to "w4 ,q4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 d y h recurr5ces ( ?is mal>ia fev]8 ,a4 ,?is la/ ye> ,i 0 9 ! hospital f ,augu/ #a/ to #ae?1 aga9 ) mal>ia attacks4 ,q4 ,h[ _m recurr5ces ( mal>ia h y endur$ s9ce y 7 exp]im5t$ on by ,dr4 ,s*ill+8 ,a4 ,aft] my treatm5ts 9 ! exp]im5tal /ation _h be5 conclud$ ,i /ay$ ) ,dr4 ,s*ill+1 & !re 7 #bj occasions :5 ,i 0 treat$ = recurr5ces4 ,q4 ,are y completely cur$ n[1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,aft] y _h und]gone ! v>i\s exp]im5ts at ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,s*ill+1 did y !n become a work] 9 ,dr4 ,s*ill+'s laboratory8 ,a4 ,aft] my fir/ s-call$ immunization treatm5t _h be5 conclud$1 ! *ief m$ical (fic] ( t dep>tm5t s5t me ov] to ,dr4 ,s*ill+'s dep>tm5t = laboratory duties4 ,q4 ,on :at date did y assume ^? duties8 ,a4 ,i am afraid ,i c't tell y t exactly1 b x mu/ h be5 on or ab\t ,augu/ #aidb4 ,q4 ,:at 7 y\r duties 9 ,dr4 ,s*ill+'s exp]im5tal /ation8 ,a4 ,9 ,dr4 ,s*ill+'s dep>tm5t ,i 0 9 *>ge ( animals4 ,9 o!r words1 ,i cultivat$ animals1 :ite mice1 & can>ies2 9 fact1 ,i 0 9 *>ge ( t dep>tm5t4 ,q4 ,did y h any o!r or additional duties1 su* z file cl]k or typi/1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,= a c]ta9 p]iod1 ,i sub/itut$ = ! cl]k & ,i 0 9 direct contact ) ,dr4 ,s*ill+ on v>i\s occasions4 ,i _h a c]ta9 am\nt ( bus9ess ) ! *emi/ry dep>tm5t1 pur*ases f ,da*au1 & ,i 0 also 9 *>ge ( ! deta*m5t :i* _h to se>* ! wat] ne> ,da*au = anopheles mosquitoes4 ,q4 ,:ile ) ,dr4 ,s*ill+1 did y h ! opportunity to read any ( ,dr4 ,s*ill+'s correspond5ce8 ,a4 ,i _h frequ5t occasions to see ! reports :i* ,dr4 ,s*ill+ s5t 9 e #c mon?s1 & sometimes ,i saw ! answ]s :i* ,dr4 ,s*ill+ receiv$ f ,b]l91 z well z f "s o!r *emical manufactur]s4 ,q4 ,witness1 c y recall to :om ^? reports 7 s5t1 9 ,b]l98 ,a4 ,^! qu>t]ly reports1 :i* ,dr4 ,s*ill+ us$ to prep>e1 w5t to ! ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,dr4 ,grawitz1 ,rei* ,m$ical ,(fic]4 ,q4 ,y h ref]r$ to ! fact1 today1 t y saw "s ( ! answ]s ,dr4 ,s*ill+ receiv$ f ,b]l92 :o 0 ! orig9ator ( ^? lett]s t ,dr4 ,s*ill+ receiv$ f ,b]l98 ,a4 ,z f> z ,i c recollect1 ^! replies 7 s5t to ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ by ,dr4 ,grawitz4 ,q4 ,d y "k :]e ,dr4 ,s*ill+ receiv$ 8 mat]ial to be us$ 9 ?is rese>*1 t is1 infect$ blood = ! mal>ia exp]im5ts1 fly eggs1 & s =?8 ,a4 ,i c rememb] t ,dr4 ,s*ill+ receiv$ mal>ia fly eggs1 s-call$ eggs f :i* he br$ o!r flies1 f ,duesseldorf2 !y came f an insane asylum1 b ,i c't rememb] ! "n1 & "s f ! ,m$ical ,in/itute at ,rome t us$ to receive eggs4 ,9 fact1 8 mat]ial us$ to come f ,b]l94 ,accord+ to my memory1 x came f ,pr(essor ,rose1 & also f ,a!ns2 b ,i am afraid ,i _c recollect ! "n !re4 ,q4 ,d y "k :e!r ,pr(essor ,rose _h any correspond5ce ) ,dr4 ,s*ill+8 ,a4 ,i rememb] t 9 connection ) previ\s bre$+ attempts we 7 n too successful1 & subsequ5tly ,i saw a numb] ( lett]s giv5 to a /5ograph] by ,dr4 ,s*ill+4 ,!y 7 address$ to ,pr(essor ,rose4 ,he 0 mak+ c]ta9 explanations 9 !m reg>d+ c]ta9 types ( insects1 9 connection ) :i* my "n 0 us$4 ,i am c]ta9 x w5t to ,b]l9 & ,i am c]ta9 t answ]s 7 receiv$ on num]\s occasions4 ,q4 ,did ,dr4 ,s*ill+ ev] s5d any reports ( ^! exp]im5ts to ,pr(essor ,rose1 to y\r k8 ,a4 ,:e!r he s5t reports ab\t mal>ia pati5ts1 ,i don't "k4 ,at any rate1 z f> z ^! fly-bre$+ exp]im5ts are conc]n$1 he _h s5t reports4 ,i "k t = c]ta94 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,witness1 we w g back to ! mal>ia exp]im5ts = ! mom5t4 ,:at 0 ! nationality ( ! p us$ = ! mal>ia exp]im5ts1 :at type ( p 7 !y8 ,a4 ,! bigge/ proportion1 approximately two hundr$ pati5ts1 us$ = ! mal>ia exp]im5ts 7 ,g]mans1 a l>ge proportion 7 ,poli% prie/s1 & ! re/ 7 p>tly ,russians1 "s ,yugoslavs1 & "s ,poles4 ,q4 ,7 any prison]s ( w> us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,( ! ,russians1 _m 7 prison]s ( w>4 ,q4 ,:at 0 ! total numb] ( p us$ 9 ^! mal>ia exp]im5ts f y\r k8 ,a4 ,accord+ to my k1 #a1jhd exp]im5tal subjects 7 us$ = ! mal>ia exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,w y k9dly tell u1 ,witness1 h[ _m ( ^! subjects us$ 9 ! mal>ia exp]im5ts di$ z a result ( ! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,accord+ to my k sev5 or eight di$ at ! mal>ia /ation1 ei!r directly or because ( ! treatm5t ) drugs4 ,i c describe ! details if y l4 ,! fir/ case 0 an ,au/rian :o aft]w>ds became ill because ( ^! mal>ia exp]im5ts4 ,! assi/ant at t "t1 ,dr4 ,bra*tel1 :o 0 at ! same "t ! deputy physician at ! hospital1 made a liv] puncture & ! pati5t bl$ to dea?4 ,q4 ,witness1 !n y /ate f y\r k t sev5 or eight di$ f ! exp]im5ts4 ,( t numb] :o di$1 did ! dea?s occur 9 ! mal>ia /ation itself8 ,a4 ,?is 0 ! numb] ( dead :o 7 n transf]r$ by u to ano!r dep>tm5t1 b :o di$ at our /ation or a few h\rs aft] !y _h be5 transf]r$ to ano!r /ation4 ,q4 ,h y any k z to :at happ5$ to "s ( ! o!r pati5ts :o 7 transf]r$ to "s o!r /ation aft] !y 7 exp]im5t$ on8 ,t is1 did "s o!rs die aft] !y 7 exp]im5t$ on8 ,a4 ,( our pati5ts1 dur+ ! ye>s aft] !y came to u = obs]vation1 ,i c recollect t ano!r #fj pati5ts di$4 ,i _c say = c]ta9 !y di$ ( mal>ia or o!r results ( ! exp]im5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cross-,,exam9ation ,,dr4 ,,fritz3 ,i h a few que/ions to ask ! witness4 ,witness1 on ,friday y seem$ to be fairly well acqua9t$ ) c]ta9 mal>ia que/ions1 obvi\sly on ! basis ( k ga9$ ) ,pr(essor ,s*ill+4 ,i w\ld n[ l to ask y ! foll[+ que/ions conc]n+ "s v important details3 ,dur+ y\r exam9ation by ! prosecut+ c\nsel y spoke ( c]ta9 regrettable incid5ts4 ,a numb] ( dea?s _h occurr$ dur+ ! c\rse ( ! mal>ia exp]im5ts conduct$ by ,pr(essor ,s*ill+4 ,at ! "t y m5tion$ ab\t sev5 cases1 b y only describ$ "o 9 detail4 ,! pati5t _h yell[ fev] 9 addition to mal>ia & !n bl$ to dea? because ! liv] 0 punctur$4 ,i n[ ask y to tell me some?+ ab\t ! reasons = ! o!r six dea?s4 ,,witness ,,vieweg3 ,! o!r six pati5ts 7 ! s-call$ 8m$icam5t dea?0 cases4 ,"o pati5t di$ z a result ( ! salv>san drug4 ,! o!r "o di$ z a result ( ! s-call$ 8p]iph]y0 exp]im5t1 & ! la/ f\r di$ z ! result ( a pyramidon exp]im5t4 ,q4 ,7 ! pati5ts :o1 aft] be+ releas$ f ! /ation ( ,s*ill+1 suff]$ relapses s5t back to ,pr(essor ,s*ill+'s /ation8 ,a4 ,if !y report$ back to u1 !y 7 tak5 back to ! /ation4 ,q4 ,9 t case did any pati5ts die 9 ,pr(essor ,s*ill+'s dep>tm5t :o lat] on _h mal>ia or relapses8 ,a4 ,pati5ts :o 7 9 dang] ( dea? 7 transf]r$ to ano!r /ation4 ,q4 ,d y rememb] :e!r mal>ia t]tiana is a fatal illness8 ,a4 ,z f> z ,i "k nobody ) u di$ ( mal>ia t]tiana4 ,! dea?s 7 a result ( ! second>y diseases :i* appe>$ because ( ! drugs us$ 9 ! mal>ia exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,did ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ say any?+ to y ab\t ^! fatal cases :i* 7 "u 8 responsibility & obs]vation1 & if s1 :at8 ,a4 ,! fir/ two cases1 ! pati5t :o di$ z a result ( ! punctur$ liv] & ! "o :o di$ because ( ! salv>san injection1 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ regrett$ v deeply4 ,he tri$ to prev5t su* happ5+s z mu* z possible4 ,9 ! la/ f\r cases1 conc]n+ ! pyramidon exp]im5t1 he 0 told t ! pati5ts 7 9 a v bad condition4 ,nev]!less1 he insi/$ t !y cont9ue to receive ! pyramidon drugs--,i ?9k x 0 #c grams p] day--& :5 ^! pati5ts arriv$ at ! delirium /age1 !y 7 transf]r$ f our w>d %ortly be=e _! dea?4 ,q4 ,& n[ some?+ else4 ,on ,friday y te/ifi$ t ,da*au receiv$ anopheles f ,dr4 ,rose's in/itute & t !re 0 an ex*ange ( correspond5ce ab\t ! difficulties y _h 9 bre$+ ^! eggs4 ,d y "k :]e ,dr4 ,rose work$1 9 :i* in/itute8 ,a4 ,i ?9k ^! lett]s 7 address$ to ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 9 ,b]l94 ,q4 ,d y "k f ?is correspond5ce :e!r ^! replies came f ,dr4 ,rose p]sonally or f 8 assi/ant8 ,a4 ,t ,i _c /ate f memory4 ,i recall "o reply f a lady :o 0 9 *>ge ( ! bre$+ ( ^! eggs 9 ,b]l94 ,q4 ,t 0 probably an assi/ant :o _h work$ ) ,rose = _m ye>s8 ,a4 ,yes1 b ,i ?9k ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ fir/ turn$ to ,pr(essor ,rose1 & probably ! replies prim>ily came f ,pr(essor ,rose4 ,q4 ,c y rememb] ! "n ( ! lady8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,d y "k ) :om ,dr4 ,s*ill+ _h deal+s & correspond5ce 9 addition to ,dr4 ,grawitz & ,dr4 ,rose8 ,a4 ,i _c rememb]4 ,i "k t he correspond$ ) an in/itution 9 ,duesseldorf call$ ,graef5rad or some?+ l t1 & he reque/$ ! bre$+ ( ^! eggs !re1 & !y s5t u flies1 live flies4 ,q4 ,did y h ! "n 8,rose0 9 m9d1 or did y only recall 8 "n :5 y 7 fir/ exam9$8 ,a4 ,no4 ,! "n 8,rose0 rema9$ 9 my recollection because ,i1 myself1 0 infect$ ) ! mal>ia call$ 8,rose04 ,he _h ^! v>i\s immunization gr\ps1 ! s-call$ mal>ia /ock1 :i* _h v>i\s diff]5t names1 & ,i 0 ) a gr\p :i* 0 infect$ ) a s-call$ ,rose ,culture4 ,q4 ,y h te/ifi$ be=e t y receiv$ eggs f ,rome4 ,y c\ld n h[ev] rememb] ! "n4 ,0 x p]haps ,pr(essor ,vissireli1 ,dr4 ,rosni1 or ,dr4 ,raphaeli8 ,a4 ,i ?9k x 0 ,vissireli4 ,q4 ,did y also receive ^! eggs f ,hamburg8 ,a4 ,we receiv$ no eggs f ! ,tropical ,in/itute 9 ,hamburg1 b ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ correspond$ ) t ,in/itute4 ,q4 ,c y rememb] 9 :i* ye> y receiv$ ^! eggs f ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 or r f ,pr(essor ,rose8 ,a4 ,x 0 9 ! summ] ( #aidb4 ,q4 ,y h told u ab\t a numb] ( ^! flies :i* y _h to bre$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,da*au4 ,7 y pres5t8 ,a4 ,!re 0 "o special deta*m5t = ?is purpose1 includ+ an ,,ss man & "o or two inmates4 ,t 0 9 ! swamps surr\nd+ ,da*au dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,v>i\s wat] te/s 7 made1 & accord+ to ! degree ( heat ( ! swamps1 ,dr4 ,s*ill+ ord]$ ! wat]s to be infect$ ) a mixture ( pig food4 ,?is special deta*m5t w5t ar\nd ! cell>s ( ! ,da*au camp dur+ ! w9t] mon?s & work$ on t matt]4 ,our laboratories !n exam9$ ^! anopheles flies1 & us$ !m = bre$+ purposes4 ,q4 ,c y /ate any?+ ab\t ! quantities caught8 ,a4 ,x v>i$ 9 ! w9t]--sometimes !y br\ght #aj1 sometimes #cj to #ej1 & sometimes #fj4 ,q4 ,did y\r dep>tm5t 9 ,da*au deliv] any su* eggs to o!r dep>tm5ts8 ,a4 ,we deliv]$ su* eggs on "o occasion1 b ,i _c rememb] :]e4 ,q4 ,i n[ come to ! "q ( mal>ia culture4 ,f :]e did ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ receive 8 mal>ia cultures8 ,a4 ,i _c say exactly4 ,i "k t he receiv$ mal>ia cultures f ,ess5 & f ,b]l94 ,b ?is 0 9 ,febru>y #aidb1 :5 ,i _h n yet arriv$ at ! w>d4 ,i rememb] we _h #ab diff]5t mal>ia cultures4 ,i "k t ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ us$ "o1 & ano!r man us$ "o--,i ?9k 8 "n 0 ,flugg--9 ord] to give "o su* culture ! "n ( 8,flugg40 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,rose#ch ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,let's g back to ! mal>ia exp]im5ts4 ,:at contact did y h ) ,s*ill+ 9 #aida8 ,,def5dant ,,rose3 ,dur+ my direct exam9ation ,i te/ifi$ t 9 #aida ,i saw reports ab\t ,s*ill+'s mal>ia "w 9 ,italy on behalf ( ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t & ) ! support ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior2 !n1 ei!r at ! end ( #aida or ! beg9n+ ( #aidb1 ,i gave an op9ion1 a writt5 op9ion1 on an application :i* ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ _h s5t to ,/ate ,secret>y ,conti1 or r to ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,!n ,i saw ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ p]sonally 9 #aida4 ,i am n c]ta9 :e!r he 0 9 ,g]many aga9 at t "t1 b ,i c't d5y x ) c]ta9ty "u oa?1 because aft] all t 0 #f ye>s ago4 ,q4 ,did y supply him ) any mat]ial :ile he 0 work+ 9 ,italy8 ,a4 ,no1 no?+4 ,q4 ,:o 0 ,fraeule9 von ,falk5b]g8 ,a4 ,y mean ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn8 ,q4 ,no1 ,i mean ,fraeule9 von ,falk5b]g4 ,a4 ,i don't "k any ,fraeule9 von ,falk5b]g4 ,q4 ,y are sure y didn't supply ,s*ill+ ) any mat]ial 9 #aida8 ,a4 ,i _c rememb] x4 ,x might h be5 done by my dep>tm5t )\t my k4 ,!n1 ( c\rse1 ,i w\ld take ! responsibility = x1 b ,i did n le>n ( x until n[4 ,my assi/ants did n tell me any?+ ab\t x1 if x happ5$4 ,if y c prove x happ5$1 ,i %all1 ( c\rse1 assume responsibility = x1 ev5 if x 0 done )\t my k4 ,q4 ,well1 x is n t]ribly important1 b let u let y h a look at ,docum5t ,,no-#agef4 ,9 ! meantime1 :5 did ?is incid5t occur ab\t y\r giv+ mat]ial to ,s*ill+1 aft] he _h set up 8 in/itute at ,da*au8 ,a4 ,i beg y\r p>don1 ,i didn't und]/& y\r "q4 ,q4 ,:5 did y give ,s*ill+ mat]ial1 aft] he _h gone to ,da*au8 ,a4 ,i _c give any in=mation ab\t t myself4 ,i h to dep5d on ! te/imony ( my assi/ant1 von ,falk5hayn1 & my secret>y1 ,block4 ,my secret>y1 ,block1 te/ifi$ "h t x 0 ! end ( #aida1 b ,i w\ld assume t %e is mi/ak5 ab\t t1 s9ce ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn te/ifi$ t ?is mat]ial 0 giv5 9 ! ye> #aidb4 ,i ?9k ! latt] is m likely4 ,q4 ,docum5t ,,no-#agef w be m>k$ z ,prosecution ,exhibit #dhf = id5tification4 ,q4 ,isn't !re a ,fraeule9 von ,falk5b]g m5tion$ 9 ?is lett] ( y\rs to ,s*ill+1 dat$ #c ,febru>y #aida8 ,a4 ,no4 ,9 ! ,g]man copy ( ! docum5t :i* y %[$ to me1 x says ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn4 ,q4 ,t is a mi/ake !n 9 ! ,engli% translation4 ,a4 ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn 0 an assi/ant 9 my dep>tm5t4 ,%e _h =m]ly work$ = ,pr(essor ,s*ill+4 ,!re is an affidavit f h]4 ,s9ce ,i h ?is lett] ,i c give y "s in=mation ab\t ! matt]4 ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ want$ to h a s]ological reaction 9 mal>ia1 ! s-call$ ,h5ry reaction2 t is a reaction :i* is c>ri$ out = ! purpose ( mal>ia diagnosis4 ,z 9 ! antig5 reaction1 9 ?is reaction also ! sple5 ( dead p]sons is us$4 ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ app>5tly wrote to me to f9d out :e!r ,i1 z head ( ! tropical m$ical dep>tm5t1 0 9 a position to obta9 a sple5 f a corpse :]e ! pati5t _h di$ ( mal>ia4 ,i answ]$ say+ t su* mat]ial w\ld h>dly be available 9 ,b]l94 ,mal>ia 0 v r>e 9 ,b]l9 & consequ5tly dea?s f mal>ia 7 also v r>e4 ,! only cases ( ?is type occurr$ 9 insane asylums1 9 ! treatm5t ( p>alytics4 ,x is well kn[n t ! fir/ "w ( ,wagn]-,jauregg %[s t 9 ! c\rse ( mal>ia treatm5t p>alysis dea?s occur1 j z dea? occurs foll[+ op]ations1 & su* mal>ia dea?s1 ( c\rse1 occurr$ 9 ,b]l9 insane asylums4 ,z f> z ,i c rememb] ! matt]1 my assi/ants contact$ v>i\s pa?ological in/itutes 9 ,b]l9 & ask$ t if su* an autopsy %\ld occur !re1 ! sple5 %\ld be pres]v$ s t x c\ld be s5t to ,pr(essor ,s*ill+4 ,?is 0 :at ?is lett] 0 ab\t4 ,q4 ,did y ev] supply any to him8 ,a4 ,z f> z ,i c recall1 9 ! c\rse ( sev]al mon?s1 "o or two su* cases occurr$ & ! mat]ial 0 s5t to ,s*ill+1 b ,i _c say = c]ta9 today4 ,q4 ,well1 y are n[ qualify+ at lea/ ! answ] y gave to my e>li] "q z to :e!r y gave him any mat]ial 9 #aida2 isn't t "r8 ,a4 ,i beg y\r p>don4 ,i didn't und]/& ! "q4 ,q4 ,i say y n[ wi% to qualify ! answ] y gave me a few mom5ts ago1 be=e y saw ! lett]1 to ! effect t y _h n giv5 him any mat]ial 9 #aida4 ,y n[1 aft] hav+ se5 ! lett]1 /ate y did 9 fact give him "s4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i am sorry4 ,my att5tion 0 entirely devot$ to ! "q ( ! mal>ia p>asite /ra9s & mosquitoes4 ,i did n ?9k ( negotiations betwe5 ,s*ill+ & ! pa?ological in/itute 9 ,b]l94 ,q4 ,let's g back to :at we 7 discuss+4 ,y /at$ t al?\gh ,frau ,block said t ! mal>ia eggs 7 suppli$ to ,s*ill+ 9 ! latt] "p ( #aida1 y ?9k probably x 0 #aidb8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is :at ,i said4 ,p]haps ,i may correct myself4 ,:5 y speak ( mal>ia eggs y mean anopheles eggs probably4 ,!re are no mal>ia eggs4 ,q4 ,yes1 t is "r4 ,a4 ,i am incl9$ to agree t von ,falk5hayn & ,block ?9k diff]5tly4 ,i ?9k t von ,falk5hayn 0 "r & t x 0 9 #aidb4 ,q4 ,did y "k any?+ ab\t ?is be=e x 0 s5t8 ,a4 ,i _c rememb] x4 ,i don't believe s4 ,z f> z ,i rememb] ,i 0 in=m$ ( x by ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn1 aft] ,i _h be5 giv5 a lett] f ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ t ! mosquitoes 7 ?riv+ 9 ,da*au4 ,q4 ,did y !reaft] issue ord]s t no m mat]ial 0 to be s5t to ,s*ill+2 is t "r8 ,a4 ,i did n issue a precise ord]4 ,i said t s9ce we ourselves 7 us+ s _m mosquitoes ,i didn't want any m mat]ial to be s5t to ,mr4 ,s*ill+ because ,i 0 n conv9c$ ( ! sci5tific value ( 8 "w4 ,b ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn 9 h] te/imony says t !re 0 fur!r correspond5ce ) ,fraeule9 ,lange4 ,i h n be5 able to f9d ?is correspond5ce & ,i c't cle> up ! "q completely4 ,i h to rely fully on my assi/ant 9 ?is respect & ,i c't answ] f my own k4 ,9 our fir/ conv]sation on ! subject :5 ,i told y t ,s*ill+ got anopheles eggs f u1 :i* y didn't "k at ! "t1 ,i did n tell y t he got a mal>ia /ra9 f my dep>tm5t4 ,i didn't "k t at ! "t4 ,i le>n$ x only a %ort "t ago f ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn4 ,t 0 n 9 ! affidavit4 ,app>5tly %e 0 afraid ( "s objections & s5t a lett] to t effect to my lawy]4 ,i am n s timid4 ,i am n afraid to tell y ab\t x4 ,q4 ,9 o!r words y did supply a ,rose /ra9 to ,s*ill+8 ,a4 ,no4 ,z ,i said on direct exam9ation1 ! ,rose /ra9 c\ld n come f my dep>tm5t because we didn't h any /ra9 ) ! "n ,rose4 ,:]e ?is /ra9 ) ! "n ,rose comes f is a puzzle to me4 ,i don't "k ( any ,rose /ra9 9 mal>ia lit]ature4 ,b ,i don't ?9k !re is any po9t 9 qu>rel+ ab\t ?is "n4 ,! in=mation giv5 by ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn1 :i* ,i believe fully1 t a mal>ia /ra9 0 s5t--t is q suffici5t--no matt] :e!r x is call$ ,rose or "s o!r "n4 ,q4 ,y\r witness1 ,frau ,block1 te/ifi$ y _h no correspond5ce ) ,s*ill+ 9 #aidb & #aidc1 z ,i recall4 ,is t "r8 ,a4 ,t is :at ,frau ,block said4 ,i myself w\ld n h be5 s def9ite 9 my te/imony if y ask$ me ! same "q4 ,i w\ld say ,i c't answ] t "q def9itely4 ,i only "k "o ?+1 t ,i nev] correspond$ ) ,pr(essor ,s*ill+ on ! subject ( 8 "w4 ,:e!r ,s*ill+ & ,i ev] ex*ang$ lett]s 9 ^? ye>s ,i don't "k1 s9ce ,i don't h my files4 ,conc]n+ any in=mation ab\t su* infrequ5t correspond5ce & :e!r he wrote a c]ta9 lett] #e or #f ye>s ago1 he says1 8,i w\ld l to look t up 9 my files40 ,un=tunately ,i _c d s b p]haps y w\ld be k9d en\gh1 if y h copies ( su* a lett]1 to make x available to me4 ,y h my files & !y are mu* m easily available to y ?an to me4 ,= example1 ,i am try+ to f9d my mal>ia op9ion f ! ye> #aida4 ,t 0 9 ! same fil+ cab9et f :i* y got ! record ( ! typhus meet+ on #bi ,decemb] #aida 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,q4 ,y ov]e/imate ! prosecution1 ,h]r ,pr(essor1 b we ne$n't dwell on t4 ,n[1 is y\r memory good en\gh to tell u h[ long y cont9u$ to furni% ,s*ill+ ) mat]ial = 8 ,da*au exp]im5ts8 ,y say t some:]e along 9 #aidb y told !m n to s5d any m4 ,are y cle> ab\t x8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i ?9k ,i c rememb] reliably4 ,q4 ,well1 :5 did ?is mal>ia /ra9 g d[n8 99 99 99 99 99 ,a4 ,i don't "k4 ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn m]ely told me t ! mal>ia /ra9 0 giv5 to ,s*ill+4 ,i don't "k :54 ,%e didn't m5tion t 9 h] lett] to ,dr4 ,fritz4 ,q4 ,let's look at ,docum5t ,,no-#ageb4 ,?is w be m>k$ z ,prosecution ,exhibit #dhg = id5tification4 ,suppose y read ! lett] al\d1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 8,pr(4 ,claus ,s*ill+ 8,da*au1 #d ,april #aidb 8#c ,k1 ,hospital = ,inmates 8,to ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,rose 8,b]l91 ,fohr]/rasse #b 8,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 8,de> ,colleague3 8,i inoculat$ a p]son intracutane\sly ) sporocoides f ! saliv>y gl&s ( a female anopheles y s5t me4 ,= ! second inoculation ,i d n h ! sporocoides mat]ial because ,i d n possess ! ,/ra9 ,rose 9 ! anopheles yet4 ,if y c\ld f9d x possible to s5d me a few anopheles infect$ ) ,/ra9 ,rose dur+ ! next few days 79 ! la/ consignm5t #b out ( #aj mosquitoes 7 infect$71 ,i w\ld be able to cont9ue ?is exp]im5t & ,i w\ld naturally be v grateful to y = ?is new support ( my "w4 8,! mosquito bre$+ & ! exp]im5ts are proce$+ satisfactorily2 ,i am work+ n[ on six t]ti>y /ra9s4 ,i rema9 ) he>ty greet+s & 8,heil ,hitl]6 8,y\rs truly 8,sign$ ,,claus ,,s*ill+0 ,q4 ,s*ill+ app>5tly ?\ght !re 0 a 8,/ra9 ,rose40 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is indicat$ by ! lett]4 ,t cle>s up ! matt]4 ,he mu/ h r5am$ ?is /ra9 :i* came f my dep>tm5t & call$ x ,rose4 ,t is v unusual4 ,normally a mal>iologi/ w\ld n d t4 ,q4 ,are ^? y\r initials on ! bottom ( ?is lett]1 8,l4 g4 ,,ro #ag_/d08 ,a4 ,yes1 t indicates t #ac days aft] ! lett] 0 mail$1 #ab days aft] x arriv$ at ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 ,i saw x4 ,!re is also ! file note 8,settl$ ,,evf40 ,t is ,erna von ,falk5hayn on #ag ,april #aidb4 ,i f9d t 9 spite ( my in/ructions to ! dep>tm5t1 ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn /ill s5t mosquitoes to h] old *ief al?\gh %e d5ies x n[2 b ,i %\ld l to emphasize t1 ( c\rse1 ,i am responsible = :at ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn did ev5 if %e did n tell me ab\t x4 ,q4 ,well1 y saw ! lett] ( #ag ,april #aidb4 ,did y reaffirm y\r in/ructions t no m mat]ial 0 to be s5t to ,s*ill+8 ,a4 ,i _c tell y n[4 ,t is q possible4 ,x is n ev5 c]ta9 t ,i 0 9 ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute :5 ,i saw ! lett]4 ,x is mu* m likely t ,frau ,block br\ght ?is lett] to my home :]e su* ?+s 7 g5]ally settl$4 ,&1 f ! fact t x _h be5 dealt ) #aj days be=e1 y c see t su* lett]s 7 op5$ by my secret>y4 ,q4 ,i ?\ght we w\ld be a bit g5]\s ) ,frau ,block & assume %e hadn't se5 ! lett] s9ce %e 0 s firm 9 ! te/imony t y hadn't correspond$ ) ,s*ill+ dur+ ^! ye>s4 ,did y ev] s5d ,s*ill+ any atrop>vus eggs8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,^? are a type ( anopheles eggs :i* he got f u4 ,z a type ( anopheles ,i _h anopheles eggs maculip5is atrop>vus 9 my laboratory4 ,q4 ,suppose ,i put ,docum5t ,,no-#agec to y4 ,?is w be m>k$ z ,prosecution ,exhibit #dhh = id5tification4 ,?is is ano!r lett] f ,s*ill+4 ,?is "o is dat$ a ye> lat]--#e ,july #aidc1 ackn[l$g+1 8) appreciation ! receipt ( y\r lett] ( #cj ,june & ! consignm5t ( atrop>vus eggs40 ,i w\ld also l to direct y\r att5tion1 ,pr(essor1 to ! la/ p>agraph ( ! lett] :]e x says3 8,please give ,fraeule9 ,lange1 :o app>5tly takes c>e ( h] bre$ ) great] skill & bett] success ?an ! prison] ,augu/1 my be/ ?anks = h] tr\bles40 ,d y rememb] ! ,*ri/ian "n ( ! witness ,vieweg8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i am sorry ,i d n rememb] ! "n ( ?is man4 ,q4 ,if y se>* ! record ,i ?9k y w f9d 8 =5ame 0 ,augu/4 ,n[1 ,doctor1 app>5tly !y completely ignor$ y\r ord]s ( ! ye> previ\s n to s5d any m mat]ial to ,s*ill+4 ,app>5tly y _h a *ange ( he>t y\rself4 ,isn't t "r8 ,a4 ,i h already /at$ expressly t my ord]s n to s5d any m mat]ial to ,s*ill+ meant t we did n h too mu* mat]ial ourselves4 ,x did n mean t ,i _h any misgiv+s ab\t ! way 9 :i* ,s*ill+ 0 c>ry+ out 8 "w4 ,x is q possible t :5 we aga9 _h pl5ty ( mosquito eggs we gave "s to ,s*ill+ aga94 ,i am 9 a v difficult position4 ,x is difficult = me to te/ify any?+ f memory4 ,y see "h aga9 t ?is matt] 0 app>5tly dealt ) by ,fraeule9 ,lange & ,s*ill+ himself wrote to me aga94 ,q4 ,well1 ,i didn't read x t way1 ,pr(essor4 ,! fir/ l9e ackn[l$ges y\r lett] ( ,june #cj?4 ,a4 ,well1 !n x's possible t ,i wrote to ,s*ill+4 ,q4 ,frau ,block suff]$ f bad memory ab\t y\r correspond5ce ) ,s*ill+ 9 #aidc z well z #aidb1 didn't %e8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i am r a/oni%$ because "o w\ld assume t a secret>y rememb]s su* ?+s bett]1 b x is1 ( c\rse1 possible to make mi/akes if "o doesn't h access to ! files4 ,i h told y t ,i _c te/ify ) any c]ta9ty to ! details ( su* correspond5ce because ,i _h too mu* correspond5ce4 ,q4 ,well1 isn't x possible y suppli$ mat]ial to him 9 #aidd8 ,a4 ,i consid] t q impossible4 ,we h ! te/imony ( ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn t ! dep>tm5t = fev] !rapy nev] gave !m any mat]ial &1 at t "t1 ,i no long] _h an (fice 9 ,b]l94 ,h[ev]1 ,i mu/ aga9 rely on ,fraeule9 von ,falk5hayn's te/imony4 ,i myself 0 at ,pfaff5rode once a mon? at ! mo/1 & ,i call$ up once or twice ov] long di/ance4 ,q4 ,i put 9 ,docum5t ,,no-#agee4 ,?is w be m>k$ 8,prosecution ,exhibit #dhi0 = id5tification4 ,?is is a reply f y to ,s*ill+1 dat$ #bg ,july #aidc4 ,?is lett] speaks ab\t %ipp+ eggs to ,s*ill+1 doesn't x8 ,a4 ,yes1 app>5tly4 ,!re mu/ h be5 pl5ty ( mosquito eggs1 s t we c\ld give up "s ( !m4 ,q4 ,!re wasn't z big a %ortage z y ?\ght2 is t "r8 ,,dr4 ,,fritz3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i ask t ! photo/at be %[n to ! def5dant ,rose4 ,x is n impossible t x 0 writt5 by an assi/ant & initial$ 8,r40 ,i "k ! signature ( ,pr(essor ,rose1 & ,i ?9k ! 8,r0 looks a little diff]5t4 ,p]haps he might be %[n ! photo/at4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,let ! photo/at be %[n to ! witness4 ,,def5dant ,,rose3 ,i mu/ say ,i d n und]/& ?is signature at all4 ,:5 ,i sign$ a lett] ,i sign$ my "n1 b ,i don't ?9k x's v important4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #cd ,all 8,r0 ref]5ces 9 ,docum5t ,,no-#hef are to pages ( ! ,record ( ! case ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,weiss1 ,rupp]t1 et al4 #ce 8,pros4 ,ex40 ref]5ces 9 ?is docum5t are to prosecution exhibits 9 ! case ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,weiss1 ,rupp]t1 et al4 #cf 8,def4 ,ex40 ref]5ces 9 ?is docum5t are to def5se exhibits 9 ! case ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,weiss1 ,rupp]t1 et al4 #cg ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ac & #af ,decemb] #aidf1 pp4 #dah-dfh4 #ch ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #bd1 #be ,april #aidg1 pp4 #fdaj-fdhd4 #d4 ,,lo/ 7,,mu/>d7 ,,gas ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,gebh>dt1 ,blome1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 & ,siev]s 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ mu/>d gas exp]im5t 7indictm5t1 p>4 #f 7,d774 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 & ,siev]s 7 convict$ & ! def5dants ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,gebh>dt1 & ,blome 7 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! ,lo/ 7mu/>d7 gas exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its f9al briefs aga9/ ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t & ,siev]s4 ,extracts f ^! briefs are set =? bel[ on pages #cae to #cbd4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! clos+ briefs = ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t & ,siev]s4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #cbd to #ccd4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selection f ! evid5ce on pages #ccf to #ced4 b4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t 99 99 99 99 99 ,gas ,exp]im5ts ,! treatm5t ( w\nds caus$ by *emical w>f>e ag5ts 0 ( consid]able int]e/ to milit>y m$ical circles ( ,g]many4 ,on #a ,m>* #aidd1 ! ,fuehr] gave ,k>l ,br&t broad p[]s 9 ! field ( *emical w>f>e4 7,,no-#jab1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bgj47 ,! decree itself is n available1 b !re is no dispute t ,br&t's jurisdiction ext5d$ to ph>maceutical products to treat gas w\nds4 ,s mu* he admits4 7,tr4 p4 #bfbi47 ,?is necess>ily involv$ a det]m9ation ( ! mo/ effective me?od ( treatm5t4 ,t ! decree includ$ m$ical rese>* on gas w\nds c also be conclud$ f ! fact t copies ( ! decree :i* ,br&t s5t to ,himml] 7,,no-#jab1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bgj7 7 =w>d$ to ,grawitz & ,siev]s :o _h previ\sly work$ on ?is problem4 7,,no-#jac;a1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bga2 ,,no-#jac;b ,pros4 ,ex4 #bgb47 ,9 any ev5t1 on #ca ,m>* #aidd1 ,siev]s report$ to ,br&t ab\t ! rese>* activities ( ,hirt4 7,,no-#jae1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bge47 ,hirt _h be5 exp]im5t+ on inmates ( ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp s9ce ,novemb] #aidb4 7,,no-#jih1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfc47 ,= a detail$ description ( ,hirt's exp]im5ts1 see ! brief aga9/ ,siev]s 7p4 #cah ff74 ,br&t admitt$ t ,siev]s gave him ! writt5 report by ,hirt1 :i* 0 introduc$ z ,prosecution ,exhibit #bfh 7,,no-#jii7 & t ?is report %[s on its face t exp]im5ts on human be+s 7 p]=m$ by him4 7,tr4 p4 #bfbf47 ,x is significant to note t ! report speaks ( heavy1 m$ium1 & light w\nds caus$ by ,lo/4 ,moreov]1 ,br&t admitt$ he talk$ to ,hirt 9 ,/rasb\rg 9 ,april aft] ! meet+ ) ,siev]s4 7,tr4 p4 #bfaj47 ,approximately #bbj inmates ( ,russian1 ,poli%1 ,cze*1 & ,g]man nationality 7 exp]im5t$ on ) gas1 ( :om ab\t #ej di$4 ,!y did n volunte]4 7,tr4 pp4 #ajeb1 #ajeg47 ,hirt cont9u$ 8 gas exp]im5ts at ,natzweil] dur+ ! summ] ( #aidd4 7,tr4 p4 #ajeh47 ,8 gas rese>* 0 classifi$ 8urg5t0 by ,ro/ock 9 ,augu/ #aidd4 7,,no-#fib1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #deg47 ,9 addition to 8 p>ticipation 9 ! gas exp]im5ts ( ,hirt1 ,k>l ,br&t p]sonally fur!r$ ! crim9al exp]im5tation ( ,otto ,bick5ba*4 ,br&t te/ifi$ t ! gas exp]im5ts ( ,bick5ba* came to 8 att5tion 9 ! fall ( #aidc on ! occasion ( a visit to ,/rasb\rg to see a cyclotron2 t lat] he help$ him to arrange a laboratory2 t he assi/$ him 9 obta9+ exp]im5tal animals2 t ,bick5ba* did n conduct exp]im5ts on human be+s2 t he help$ him 9 #aidd aft] he _h e/abli%$ ?is laboratory4 7,tr4 pp4 #bfai1 #bfbj47 ,! ,siev]s' di>y = #aidd conta9s ! foll[+ entry "u #b ,febru>y3 8,met ,pr(essor ,bick5ba* 9 ,k>lsruhe & he advises t he has put 8 rese>* "w "u ! control ( ,g5]al ,commission] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t4 8,discussion ) ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,hirt3 #a4 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,bick5ba*1 )\t in/ructions f ,hirt & ,pr(essor ,/e91 contact$ ,g5]al ,commission] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t conc]n+ ! phosg5e exp]im5ts t 7 & 0 9 ,natzweil] ) him4 ,commission is to be )drawn2 = our "p ,natzweil] is to be clos$40 7#cedf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abc47 ,phosg5e is a *emical w>f>e ag5t4 7,tr4 p4 #bfcj47 ,br&t admits he 0 9 ,natzweil]1 b insi/s t only animal exp]im5ts 7 conduct$4 ,?is is 9 direct contradiction to /atem5ts conta9$ 9 an (ficial w> crimes report ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,ne!rl&s4 7,,no-#ajfc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cbh47 ,josef ,kram]1 =m] camp comm&] at ,natzweil]1 also /at$ t ,bick5ba* exp]im5t$ on prison]s4 7,,no-#hjg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahe47 ,br&t te/ifi$ t he lat] assi/$ ,bick5ba* 9 e/abli%+ a laboratory 9 ,=t ,franzeky1 :i* is ne> ,/rasb\rg1 & t he saw animal exp]im5ts !re4 7,tr4 p4 #bfcj47 ,bick5ba* 0 a pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg ) ,hirt & ,haag54 7,tr4 p4 #bfca47 ,! ,bick5ba* reports s5t to ,k>l ,br&t n only prove t ,bick5ba* & 8 collaborators ,helmut ,ruehl & ,fritz ,letz c>ri$ out phosg5e exp]im5ts on #dj ,russian prison]s ( w>1 b t f\r ( ! subjects 7 kill$ z a result4 7,,no-#aheb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #def47 ,?is docum5t completely de/roys ! cr$ibility ( ! def5dant ,br&t4 ,^! reports on ! phosg5e exp]im5ts are designat$ top milit>y secret & are numb]$ #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 & #g4 ,!y are all address$ to ,pl5ipot5ti>y ,g5]al ,br&t4 ,^! reports obvi\sly cov] ! same s]ies ( exp]im5ts :i* culm9at$ 9 exp]im5ts on #dj prison]s detail$ 9 ! #g? report4 ,!y 7 f\nd 9 ! ap>tm5t ( ,pr(essor ,bick5ba* by ,fr5* au?orities4 ,! purpose ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 to det]m9e ! effectiv5ess ( a drug call$ hexame?yl5tetram9e aga9/ phosg5e poison+4 ,c]ta9 prelim9>y /udies are detail$ 9 ! #d? report1 dat$ #aa ,augu/ #aidd1 & m5tion is made ( te/s c>ri$ out on a 8n]v\s ,russian prison] ( w>1 :o c\ld n be calm$ d[n because ( language difficulties 99 99 9904 ,! #g? report1 :i* is undat$1 conc]ns exp]im5ts c>ri$ out %ortly aft] #aa ,augu/ #aidd 7! date ( ! #d? report7 z ,/rasb\rg 0 ov]run by ! ,allies a few mon?s lat]4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ on 8#dj prison]s on ! prophylactic effect ( hexame?yl5tetram9e 9 cases ( phosg5e poison+4 ,twelve ( ^? 7 protect$ orally1 tw5ty intrav5\sly & eight 7 us$ z controls40 ,on ! basis ( ! #d? report1 x c only be conclud$ t ! #dj prison]s ref]r$ to 7 ,russian prison]s ( w>4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects are fur!r describ$ z be+ 8p]sons ( middle age1 almo/ all 9 a weak & und]f$ condition4 ,on pr9ciple1 ! heal?i] ones 7 us$ z controls1 only control numb] #ci 7,j4 ,rei7 & ! orally protect$ exp]im5tal subject ,no4 #cg 7,a4 ,rei7 _h a localiz$ cirrhotic productive tub]culosis ( ! lungs4 ,) ! o!rs1 no pulmon>y disease c\ld be f\nd40 7#aheb-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #def47 ,! exp]im5tal p]sons 7 subject$ to phosg5e poison+ ) result+ dea? to no less ?an f\r subjects4 7,tr4 p4 #cdjd47 ,o!r subjects suff]$ sev]e lung o$ema4 ,def5se c\nsel = ,k>l ,br&t urg$ ! possibility t ?is report 0 n receiv$ by him4 ,assum+ argu5do t ! report 0 n mail$ to ,br&t1 &1 if receiv$1 n read1 ! fact rema9s t ! exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ by ,bick5ba* & 8 collaborators1 ^: "w 0 directly controll$ by ,br&t4 7,supra47 ,7 !re no o!r evid5ce on ?is po9t1 ! circum/ances ( ! report hav+ be5 address$ to ,k>l ,br&t are suffici5t pro( ( 8 responsibility4 ,moreov]1 ! rese>* ( bo? ,bick5ba* & ,hirt 0 classifi$ urg5t by ,br&t's ,(fice = ,sci5ce & ,rese>* "u ,ro/ock4 7,,no-#fib1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #deg47 ,! cont9u$ int]e/ ( ,br&t 9 rese>* on *emical w>f>e ag5ts & 8 k ( exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates are %[n by ! report dat$ #ca ,m>* #aide conc]n+ exp]im5ts at ! ,neu5gamme conc5tration camp4 7,,no-#aed1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ddf47 ,wat] decontam9ation exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out !re on inmates4 ,! report /ates t ! 8?ird s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 c>ri$ out ) an ag5t ( ! ,lo/ gr\p1 ! asphyxiat+ gas ,lo/2 9 accordance ) ! sugge/ion made by ,ob]/>zt ,dr4 ,wir? at ! conf]5ce on #d ,decemb] #aidd ) ,rei* ,commission] ,br&t40 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,siev]s 99 99 99 99 99 ,lo/ 7,mu/>d7 ,gas ,exp]im5ts ,f ! w9t] ( #aidb until ! summ] ( #aidd1 exp]im5ts to det]m9e ! mo/ effective treatm5t = w\nds caus$ by ,lo/ 7mu/>d7 gas 7 conduct$ 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp "u ! sup]vision ( ,pr(essor ,hirt ( ! ,rei* ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 ord]$ by ,himml] & ! ,luftwaffe1 & sponsor$ by ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,! ,ahn5]be ,society & ! def5dant ,siev]s support$ ?is rese>* on behalf ( ! ,,ss4 7#dib-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfg47 ,! arrangem5t = ! paym5t ( ! rese>* subsidies ( ! ,ahn5]be 0 made by ,siev]s4 7,,no-#chai1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eej47 ,! def5dant ,siev]s p>ticipat$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts by actively collaborat+ ) ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t & ,rudolf ,br&t1 & ) ,hirt & 8 pr9cipal assi/ant1 ,dr4 ,wimm]4 ,! record %[s t ,siev]s 0 9 correspond5ce ) ,hirt at lea/ z e>ly z #aidb1 & t he e/abli%$ contact betwe5 ,himml] & ,hirt4 7,,no-#gia1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bef2 ,,no-#gib1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #beg47 ,on #i ,april #aidb ,siev]s wrote to ,hirt t ,himml] want$ detail$ in=mation f ,hirt on 8 ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 ,siev]s w5t on to say3 8,we are sure to be 9 a position to put at y\r disposal = ! fur!rance ( ^! exp]im5ts unique facilities 9 connection ) special secret exp]im5ts :i* we are at pres5t conduct+ at ,da*au4 ,c\ld y n "s day write a brief secret report = ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss on y\r ,lo/ exp]im5ts8 8,b y %\ld by no means g to ,b]l9 = ! "t be+1 especially s9ce ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss is /ay+ p]man5tly at ! ,fuehr]'s ,headqu>t]s4 ,i1 !re=e1 int5d to pay y a visit at ,/rasb\rg z soon z possible4 ,b p]haps x w\ld be easi] = y to come to ,muni*1 :]e ,i w\ld h ! opportunity ( introduc+ y to ! ,*ief ( our ,in/itute = ,entomology & w\ld be able to give y an insight into our secret exp]im5ts at ,da*au40 7,,no-#gic1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #beh47 ,! word+ ( ! lett] makes x app>5t t x 0 ,siev]s himself :o br\ght ,hirt's rese>* activities conc]n+ ,lo/ gas to ,himml]'s att5tion4 ,?is is also prov$ by ! fact t on #i ,febru>y #aidb1 he _h already submitt$ to ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,hirt's report conc]n+ ! creation ( a skeleton collection & rese>* 9 ! field ( intravital microscopy4 ,! latt] exp]im5tation involv$ ! effect ( ,lo/ on ! liv+ tissue4 7,,no-#jhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #age47 ,br&t in=m$ ,himml] ab\t ,hirt's report on #bg ,febru>y1 & direct$ ,siev]s to report aga9 on ,hirt's "w4 7,,no-#jij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agf47 ,x 0 ?us ,siev]s' report on ,hirt's rese>* activities :i* prompt$ ,himml] to take an int]e/ 9 ,hirt's ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 ,on #bg ,june #aidb ,siev]s =w>d$ to ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t ! in=mation ( ,hirt conc]n+ ! use ( mu/>d gas on combatt+ rats4 ,9 ?is lett] he m5tion$ t he w\ld h ano!r conf]5ce ) ,hirt on ?is subject4 ,accord+ to ,siev]s1 ,hirt _h voic$ 8 exp]t op9ion t ,lo/ ev5 89 a dilution ( #a-ajj is dang]\s = man if x contacts ! body 9 an adequate am\nt40 7,,no-#gid1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bei47 ,x 0 ,siev]s :o =w>d$ on #b ,june #aidb ,hirt's report on 8 exp]im5ts 9 treat+ gas w\nds by vitam9s4 ,9 8 cov]+ lett] to ?is report1 ,siev]s in=m$ ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t t he 0 to meet ,hirt 89 ord] to discuss ) him a m int5sive application1 cont9uation1 & promotion ( 8 rese>* "w04 ,9 ! report itself1 ,hirt /at$ t he _h n be5 able to conduct exp]im5ts ) ,lo/ gas on human be+s because ( ! (f5sive aga9/ ,france1 b sugge/$ su* exp]im5ts p>ticul>ly 9 ord] to det]m9e ! protective effect ( vitam9 treatm5t4 7,,no-#jig1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfj47 ,9 a memor&um ( #bf ,june #aidb conc]n+ support by ! ,ahn5]be ( ! rese>* "w ( ,hirt on mu/>d gas1 ,siev]s propos$ t an ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* be e/abli%$ )9 ! ,ahn5]be to br+ toge!r ,hirt's & simil> rese>* & ?us facilitate ! organizational & te*nical execution ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,he propos$ appo9t+ ,hirt z an active memb] ( ! new in/itute z *ief ( ,dep>tm5t ,h 7,hirt74 ,he also /at$ t ,ras*]1 :o 0 !n p]=m+ high-altitude exp]im5ts 9 collaboration ) ,ruff & ,romb]g1 %\ld be appo9t$ z *ief ( ,dep>tm5t ,r 7,ras*]74 ,he /at$ t ! necess>y supplies = ! new in/itute w\ld be easi] to expla9 & m reasonable ?an if appli$ = "u ! "n ( ,ahn5]be alone4 7,,no-#bbaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhc47 ,z a result ( ?is sugge/ion by ! def5dant ,siev]s1 ,himml] direct$ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* )9 ! ,ahn5]be 9 ,july #aidb4 ,9 8 lett] to ,siev]s1 ,himml] reque/$ t ! new in/itute 8support 9 e possible way ! rese>* c>ri$ out by ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt & promote all correspond+ rese>* & und]tak+s2 to make available ! requir$ app>atus1 equipm5t1 accessories & assi/ants1 or to procure !m 99 99 9940 7,,no-#dbb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cc47 ,siev]s proce$$ to make all ! necess>y arrangem5ts = c>ry+ out ! ,lo/ gas exp]im5ts 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,on #bg ,augu/ #aidb 9 a lett] to ,gluecks ( ! ,,wvha1 he /at$ t 9 connection ) a visit to ,hirt 9 ,/rasb\rg he w\ld l to take ,hirt ) him to ,natzweil] on #ca ,augu/ #aidb & he ask$ ,gluecks to make ! necess>y arrangem5ts ) ! comm&] ( ! camp4 7,,no-#ice1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dha47 ,9 a file note dat$ #ag ,septemb] #aidb ,siev]s /at$ t ! conf]5ce m5tion$ 9 8 lett] to ,gluecks _h be5 held 9 ,natzweil] on #ca ,augu/ #aidb1 & t ! work+ conditions !re = ! propos$ exp]im5ts 7 favorable4 ,pr(essor ,hirt1 ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,wimm]1 & ,dr4 ,kieselba* w\ld require automobile transport = "p ( ! trip f ,/rasb\rg to ,natzweil] 9 ord] to p]=m _! "w !re1 & accord+ly #bj lit]s ( gasol9e w\ld h to be made available to ! camp au?orities ea* mon?4 7,,no-#igg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhb47 ,9 a lett] ( #aa ,septemb] #aidb to ,gluecks1 ,siev]s /at$ t ! necess>y conditions exi/$ 9 ,natzweil] 8= c>ry+ out our milit>y sci5tific rese>* "w 99 99 9904 ,he reque/$ t ,gluecks issue ! necess>y au?orization = ,hirt1 ,wimm]1 & ,kieselba* to ent] ,natzweil]1 & t provision be made = _! accommodation & bo>d4 ,he also /at$ t3 8,! exp]im5ts :i* are to be p]=m$ on prison]s are to be c>ri$ out 9 f\r rooms ( an already exi/+ m$ical b>rack4 ,only slight *anges 9 ! con/ruction ( ! build+ are requir$1 9 p>ticul> ! in/allation ( ! hood :i* c be produc$ ) v little mat]ial4 ,9 accordance ) atta*$ plan ( ! con/ruction managem5t at ,natzweil]1 ,i reque/ t necess>y ord]s be issu$ to same to c>ry out ! recon/ruction4 ,all ! exp5ses aris+ out ( our activity at ,natzweil] w be cov]$ by ?is (fice 99 99 9940 7,,no-#igh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhj47 ,9 a memor&um on #c ,novemb] #aidb to ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,siev]s compla9$ ab\t c]ta9 difficulties :i* _h aris5 9 ,natzweil] because ( ! lack ( coop]ation f ! camp (ficials4 ,siev]s 0 p>ticul>ly outrag$ by ! fact t ! camp (ficials 7 ask+ t ! exp]im5tal prison]s be paid =4 ,he said t3 8,:5 ,i ?9k ( our milit>y rese>* "w conduct$ at ! conc5tration camp ,da*au1 ,i mu/ praise & call special att5tion to ! g5]\s & und]/&+ way 9 :i* our "w 0 fur!r$ !re & to ! coop]ation we 7 giv54 ,paym5t ( = prison]s 0 nev] discuss$4 ,x seems z if at ,natzweil] !y are try+ to make z mu* money z possible out ( ?is matt]4 ,we are n conduct+ ^! exp]im5ts1 z a matt] ( fact1 = ! sake ( "s fix$ sci5tific idea1 b to be ( practical help to ! arm$ =ces & beyond t to ! ,g]man p 9 a possible em]g5cy40 7,,no-#jih1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfc47 ,br&t 0 reque/$ to give 8 help 9 a comradely fa%ion 9 sett+ up ! necess>y conditions at ,natzweil]4 ,! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t repli$ to ?is memor&um on #c ,decemb] #aidb1 & told ,siev]s t he _h _h occasion to speak to ,pohl conc]n+ ^! difficulties1 & t he _h report$ t !y w\ld be rem$i$4 7,,no-#jib1 ,pros4 ,ex #ahj47 ,! witness ,holl gave 9 8 te/imony an accurate & detail$ description ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,lo/ gas exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out4 ,! execution ( ! exp]im5ts 0 sup]vis$ by ,hirt 9 ! exp]im5tal /ation ,ahn5]be 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,9 ! middle ( ,octob] #aidb ! prep>ation = ^! exp]im5ts 0 f9i%$ & ! actual exp]im5tation began sometime 9 ,octob] or ,novemb]1 aft] ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 giv5 ! same food z ! ,,ss gu>ds = approximately #ad days4 ,! fir/ s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 c>ri$ out by ,hirt on #cj exp]im5tal subjects ) a liquid gas sub/ance4 7,tr4 p4 #ajea47 ,9 spite ( ! fact t ,hirt1 be=e select+ ^! exp]im5tal subjects1 _h promis$ !m t he w\ld int]v5e ) ,himml] 9 ord] t !y %\ld be releas$ z a rew>d if !y w\ld volunte] = ! exp]im5ts1 none ( ! exp]im5tal subjects ( all ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,hirt volunte]$4 ,political prison]s1 ,russians1 ,poles1 ,cze*s1 & also "s ,g]man nationals 7 among ! exp]im5tal subjects us$4 7,tr4 p4 #ajeb47 ,! fir/ s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 c>ri$ out by ,hirt & an (fic] ( ! ,luftwaffe 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,"o drop ( ! liquid 0 appli$ to ! l[] arm ( ! exp]im5tal subject4 ,approximately #aj h\rs lat] burns began to appe> & spread ov] ! :ole body 9 e place :]e drops ( ! fluid contact$ ! sk94 ,"s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects became p>tially bl9d4 ,! victims ( ^! exp]im5ts suff]$ t]rible pa94 ,photographic pictures ( ! burns 7 tak5 daily4 ,aft] ! fif? or six? day ( ! exp]im5t1 ! fir/ fatality occurr$4 ,! corpse ( ! victim 0 dissect$ & ! autopsy %[$ t ! great] p>ts ( ! lungs & o!r organs _h be5 de/roy$4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 t is1 on ! sev5? day ( ! exp]im5t1 ano!r sev5 ( ! exp]im5tal subjects di$4 ,! rema9+ #bb 7 s5t to ano!r conc5tration camp aft] approximately #b mon?s :5 !y _h recov]$ suffici5tly & became fit = transport4 7,tr4 pp4 #ajeb-c47 ,o!r exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates ( ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! gas *amb] approximately #ejj met]s di/ant f ! camp4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects _h to ent] ?is gas *amb] two by two4 ,!y _h to sma% small ampules :i* conta9$ ! liquid4 ,?is liquid evaporat$ & ! exp]im5tal subject !n _h to inhale ! result+ vapor4 ,usually ! exp]im5tal subjects became unconsci\s & 7 return$ to ! ,ahn5]be /ation = fur!r obs]vation ( ! results ( ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #ajec-d47 ,^! results 7 approximately ! same z ^? obs]v$ 9 ! fir/ s]ies4 ,! brea?+ organs ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 likewise de/roy$4 ,_! lungs _h be5 eat5 away by ! gas4 ,ab\t #aej conc5tration camp inmates 7 exp]im5t$ ^u 9 ?is mann]4 7,tr4 pp4 #ajcd-e47 ,approximately ! same p]c5tage z 9 ! fir/ s]ies di$ z a result ( ?is type ( exp]im5tation4 7,tr4 p4 #ajef47 ,o!r ,lo/ gas exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out by means ( injection4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 a special room adjo9+ ! crematorium4 ,! victims ( ^! exp]im5ts di$ )\t exception4 7,tr4 p4 #ajef47 ,ano!r type ( exp]im5t 0 c>ri$ out on ! exp]im5tal subjects1 :o _h to take ! liquid orally4 ,z ,holl 0 transf]r$ be=e ,*ri/mas #aidc to an outside camp1 he 0 n able to give in=mation on ! results ( ?is type ( exp]im5t4 7,tr4 p4 #ajef47 ,he1 h[ev]1 return$ once a mon? to ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp & 0 !re=e able to obs]ve t ! ,lo/ gas exp]im5ts cont9u$ until autumn #aidd1 :5 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp 0 lib]at$ by ! ,allies4 7,tr4 pp4 #ajeg-h47 ,f ,holl's te/imony x is prov$ t approximately #bbj inmates ( ,russian1 ,poli%1 ,cze*1 & ,g]man nationalities 7 exp]im5t$ ^u ) gas by ,hirt & 8 collaborators4 ,ab\t #ej ( !m di$4 ,none ( ! exp]im5tal subjects volunte]$4 7,tr4 pp4 #ajeb1 #ajeg47 ,on #g ,april #aidc1 :5 ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts 7 well "u way 7supra71 ,himml] ord]$ an int5sification ( ,lo/ rese>*4 ,at ab\t ?is "t ! progress ( ,hirt's ,lo/ rese>* 0 ?reat5$ by ! transf] ( ,hirt's assi/ant1 ,wimm]1 a m$ical (fic] ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,s9ce p]sonnel matt]s fell )9 ! scope ( ,siev]s' duties1 he wrote to ,rudolf ,br&t prote/+ ! propos$ transf] ( ,wimm] & /at+ t if ,wimm] left ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>*1 ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts w\ld h to end4 ,siev]s !n outl9$ ! prop] proc$ure = secur+ ! future s]vices ( ,wimm] at ! ,ahn5]be ,in/itute4 7,,no-#aic1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfd47 ,aga91 on #c ,novemb] #aidc1 ,siev]s1 9 ord] to fur!r ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts & assure _! cont9uation1 made a c]tificate :i* enabl$ two ( ,hirt's rese>* assi/ants to obta9 increas$ food rations4 ,siev]s /at$ t ! rese>* activities 9 :i* ^! p]sons 7 engag$ ) ,dep>tm5t ,h 7,hirt71 ,/rasb\rg1 ( ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ( ! ,ahn5]be involv$ heal?-damag+ poisons :i* _h caus$ injuries to _! heal?4 7#dib-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfg47 ,! evid5ce cle>ly indicat$ t dur+ ! entire p]iod cov]$ by ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts1 ,hirt 0 associat$ ) ! ,ahn5]be ,society4 ,9 e>ly #aidd ,hirt & ,wimm] summ>iz$ _! f9d+s f ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts 9 a report entitl$ 8,propos$ ,treatm5t ( ,poison+ caus$ by ,lo/04 ,! report 0 describ$ z f ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>*1 ,dep>tm5t ,h ( ! ,ahn5]be1 locat$ at ! ,/rasb\rg ,anatomical ,in/itute4 ,light1 m$ium1 & heavy injuries due to ,lo/ gas are m5tion$4 ,siev]s receiv$ sev]al copies ( ?is report4 7,,no-#jii1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfh47 ,on #ca ,m>* #aidd1 aft] ,k>l ,br&t _h receiv$ a ,fuehr] ,decree giv+ him broad p[]s 9 ! field ( *emical w>f>e 7,,no-#jab1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bgj71 ,siev]s in=m$ ,br&t ab\t ,hirt's "w & gave him a copy ( ! report4 ,?is is prov$ by ,siev]s' lett] to ,rudolf ,br&t on #aa ,april #aidd4 7,,no-#jae1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bge47 ,k>l ,br&t admitt$ t ! word+ ( ! report made x cle> t exp]im5ts _h be5 conduct$ on human be+s4 7,tr4 p4 #bfbf47 ,! pro( has also %[n t 9 ,octob] #aidc ! def5dant ,blome1 9 8 capacity z a ,pl5ipot5ti>y 9 ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 issu$ a rese>* assignm5t = ,hirt 9 support ( 8 gas exp]im5ts4 ,?is is prov$ by ! file index c>d on ,blome's rese>* assignm5t 9 ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 :]e ! assignm5t to ,hirt by ,blome is li/$ "u ,,ss priority numb] #jcbi4 7,,no-#fij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abj47 ,siev]s admitt$ t a ,rei* rese>* assignm5t to ,hirt 8on ! behavior ( ,lo/ gas 9 liv+ organisms0 0 made4 7,tr4 p4 #ehag47 ,he fur!r admitt$ t at a conf]5ce 9 ,april #aidb1 ,himml] told him t ,hirt %\ld make ,lo/ exp]im5ts on human be+s o!r ?an volunte] milit>y cadets4 7,tr4 p4 #efgi47 ,siev]s te/ifi$ t on #be ,janu>y #aidc1 he w5t to ,natzweil] conc5tration camp & consult$ ) ! camp au?orities conc]n+ ! arrangem5ts to be made = ,hirt's ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 ,^! arrangem5ts includ$ ! obta9+ ( laboratories & exp]im5tal subjects4 7,tr4 pp4 #ehdb-dc47 ,siev]s te/ifi$ t ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts 7 h>mful4 7,tr4 p4 #ehaj47 ,on ! visit ( #be ,janu>y #aidc1 ,siev]s saw t5 p]sons :o _h be5 subject$ to ,lo/ exp]im5ts & wat*$ ,hirt *ange ! b&ages on "o ( ! p]sons4 ,siev]s said t ! exp]im5tal subjects told him t !y 7 volunte]s & ,hirt confirm$ ?is to ,siev]s4 7,tr4 p4 #egcb47 ,! te/imony ( ,siev]s 0 contradictory z to 8 k t ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts caus$ dea?s4 ,siev]s te/ifi$ t 9 ,m>* #aidc he ask$ ,hirt :e!r any ( ! exp]im5tal subjects _h suff]$ h>m f ! exp]im5ts & 0 told by ,hirt t two ( ! exp]im5tal subjects _h di$ due to o!r causes4 7,tr4 p4 #egcc47 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,siev]s seem$ to be ref]r+ to ,lo/ exp]im5ts :5 he /at$ t he knew ( "o condemn$ crim9al :o _h di$ f ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #ehaj47 ,z to ! nationality ( ! exp]im5tal subjects1 ,siev]s 0 ( ! op9ion1 9 view ( _! mann] ( spee*1 t ! te/ p]sons 7 ,g]mans4 7,tr4 p4 #ehab47 ,! pro(1 h[ev]1 cle>ly %[s t ,siev]s already1 z e>ly z ,janu>y #aidb1 _h k t nonvolunte]s 7 to be us$ = ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts ( ,hirt4 ,9 8 lett] ( #c ,janu>y #aidb1 ,siev]s reque/$ ,hirt to submit compreh5sive rese>* reports to him 9 ord] t he might =w>d !m to ,himml]4 ,siev]s assur$ ,hirt t ,himml] w\ld p]mit ,hirt to conduct exp]im5ts ( any k9d 8on prison]s & real crim9als :o w\ld nev] be releas$ anyh[ & on p]sons s*$ul$ = execution40 7,,no-#cfbi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #edg47 ,siev]s' di>y entries indicate t 8 prim>y conc]n 0 mak+ ! necess>y arrangem5ts = ! c>ry+ out ( ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 ,on #be ,janu>y #aidc ,siev]s visit$ ,natzweil] & consult$ ) ! camp adm9i/ration2 on #bh ,janu>y #aidc ,siev]s consult$ ) ,pohl conc]n+ ! cont9uation ( ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts & und\bt$ly arrang$ = ! allocation ( te/ p]sons1 al?\gh he te/ifi$ t 8 conv]sation relat$ to obta9+ space = animals4 7,tr4 p4 #egcf47 ,on #bd & #be ,janu>y ,siev]s receiv$ reports f ,hirt on ,lo/ exp]im5ts & on #ag ,m>* #aidc ,siev]s att5d$ a conf]5ce at ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* :]e ,lo/ exp]im5ts 7 report$4 7,,no-#ech1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abb47 c4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t 99 99 99 99 99 ,i4 ,exp]im5ts p]=m$4 ,c\nsel = ! def5se does n wi% to make a /atem5t 9 ?is connection4 ,,ii4 ,ord] to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts4 ,! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t is n m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! ord] to c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts4 #a4 ,drug ,f #ajja4 ,,no-#aii1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bec1 & ,,no-#aih1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bed1 %[ t ! ord] to c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts 9 ! ,sa*s5haus5 conc5tration camp 0 giv5 by ,himml] or ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,grawitz 9 #aici4 ,?is is confirm$ by ! fact t ! reports on ! conclud$ exp]im5ts 7 submitt$ to ,grawitz or ,himml]4 #b4 8,lo/0 exp]im5ts4 ,accord+ to ,,no-#jih1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bfc1 ! ord] to ,hirt 0 giv5 on #ac ,july #aidb z %[n 9 ! lett] dat$ #c ,novemb] #aidb1 :i* conta9s a rese>* commission ( ! ,,ss ,in/itute = ,appli$ ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,accord+ to #dib-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bfg1 ! ord] to c>ry out exp]im5ts 0 giv5 by ,himml] or ,go]+4 ,9 accordance ) ,siev]s' te/imony 7,tr4 pp4 #egcc-cd7 ,himml]1 on #h ,m>* #aidd1 ord]$ ,hirt to c>ry out human exp]im5ts despite ! latt]'s argum5ts t only animal exp]im5ts c\ld a*ieve fur!r results4 ,! issu+ ( ?is ord] is support$ by ! fact t ! reports 7 s5t to ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,grawitz to be pass$ on to ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml]4 ,,no-#jhe1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bfi1 conta9s a prelim9>y f9al report made by ,hirt ( ! ye> #aida2 ,,no-#jig1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bfj1 ,hirt's f9al report ( #b ,june #aidb to be submitt$ to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss2 also ,,no-#jii1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bfh1 ,hirt's #aidd proposals = treatm5t4 ,?is is also support$ by ! correspond5ce betwe5 ,siev]s & ,hirt4 ,,no-#gic1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #beh1 reports on a conf]5ce ) ,himml]4 #c4 ,n-sub/ance4 ,! ord] to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts 0 issu$ by ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,grawitz 9 connection ) ,s*wab & aft] ,gebh>dt1 ,gluecks1 & ,panz+] _h be5 he>d4 ,ref]5ce is made to an in/ruction f ,hitl] & an ord] f ,himml] ( #ae ,may4 ,,iii4 ,reason = & aim ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,/atem5t ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #bchc47 #a4 8,lo/0 & ,drug ,f #ajja4 ,rese>* "w on a heal+ drug = injuries1 n poison+1 caus$ by 8,lo/04 ,exp]im5ts ( ?is k9d h be5 c>ri$ out by all nations s9ce ,_w ,w> ,i1 ,engl& be+ ! lead+ nation 9 ^! exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,! g5]al ne$ = exp]im5ts on human be+s1 & only ^? are relevant "h1 has be5 recogniz$ by all nations z a milit>y necessity4 7,k>l ,br&t #ajf1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #di2 ,k>l ,br&t #ajg1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ej47 ,! necessity to c>ry out exp]im5ts increas$ 9 ,g]many1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 z all nations 7 eag]ly engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( 8,lo/0 gas4 ,! ne$ became imp]ative 9 #aidd :5 reliable s\rces report$ t ! enemy 0 gett+ *emical-w>f>e ag5ts ready4 7,k>l ,br&t #ajc1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #db2 ,k>l ,br&t #aja1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #da2 ,k>l ,br&t #aa1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #aj2 ,k>l ,br&t #ab1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #aa47 #b4 ,n-sub/ance4 ,reasons = & aim ( ! exp]im5ts are unkn[n4 ,n-sub/ance is ! "n = 8normal0 sub/ance4 ,x is n a *emical w>f>e ag5t b a fuel sub/ance1 int5d$ to be us$ = ignition4 ,?is ,n-sub/ance is n to be mi/ak5 = ,n-8,lo/01 t is1 nitrog5-,lo/4 7,k>l ,br&t #hh1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #cf2 ,k>l ,br&t #ajc1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #db47 ,,iv4 ,p>ticipation 9 ! p]=mance ( ! exp]im5ts4 #a4 ,drug ,f #ajja4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out exclusively at ,,ss (fices on ! ord]s ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,!y 7 p]=m$ be=e ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t receiv$ 8 fir/ (ficial appo9tm5t4 #b4 8,lo/04 ,! exp]im5ts 7 made by ,hirt & ,wimm] 9 ! ,,ss ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* 9 ,/rasb\rg4 ,accord+ to ,siev]s' te/imony 7,tr4 p4 #eghh7 ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t did n h any influ5ce on ^! in/itutions4 ,! 8,lo/0 *emical w>f>e ag5t does n act l gas1 b 9 a dri$ =m injures ! sk94 ,ord9>ily1 exp]im5ts are made by all nations by apply+ small drops ( 8,lo/0 to ! sk94 ,!y cause injuries to ! tissue1 :i* are treat$ ) heal+ drugs4 ,?is proc$ure is demon/rat$ 9 ,holl's te/imony4 7,tr4 p4 #ajeb47 #c4 ,n-sub/ance4 ,siev]s' te/imony 7,tr4 p4 #egch7 %[s t ! exp]im5ts 7 n c>ri$ out due to a laboratory exp]im5t ( ,pr(essor ,?yss5 & an exp]t op9ion s5t to ,himml]4 ,v4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,a4 ,numb] ( exp]im5tal subjects4 #a4 ,drug ,f #ajja4 ,no /atem5t4 #b4 8,lo/04 ,! /atem5ts made by ! witness ,holl ab\t ! numb] ( p]sons exp]im5t$ ^u mu/ be treat$ ) caution1 s9ce !y d n orig9ate ) ,holl1 b 7 /at$ by ! prosecution & m]ely confirm$ by ,holl4 ,! te/imony ( ,nales ab\t exp]im5ts _c ref] to 8,lo/04 #c4 ,n-sub/ance4 ,s9ce !re 7 no exp]im5ts1 no /atem5t is made4 ,b4 ,cons5t ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 #a4 ,drug ,f #ajja4 ,no /atem5t4 #b4 8,lo/04 ,siev]s' te/imony 7,tr4 p4 #egcb7 %[s t ,hirt said t ! exp]im5tal subjects _h volunte]$1 foll[+ a lecture by ,hirt4 ,?is te/imony seems to be q tru/wor?y1 z x 0 usual to make simil> exp]im5ts on (fic] c&idates ( ! ,academy ( ,milit>y ,m$ic9e 9 ,b]l94 ,te/imony ( ,beck]-,freys5g 7,tr4 p4 #hjgb7 z well z te/imony ( ,siev]s 7,tr4 pp4 #egcj-ca72 also te/imony ( ! witness ,nales 7,tr4 pp4 #ajdji-ajdga74 #c4 ,n-sub/ance4 ,no exp]im5ts1 no /atem5t4 ,c4 ,type ( exp]im5tal subjects4 #a4 ,f #ajja4 ,! docum5ts submitt$ d n reveal ! nature ( ! exp]im5tal subjects1 ?\gh ! ye> #aici indicates t 9 no case 7 =eign]s us$4 #b4 8,lo/04 ,accord+ to ,siev]s' te/imony1 ! p]sons us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp volunte]$1 s t ! nature ( ! exp]im5tal subjects w\ld appe> to be ( no significance z a basis = judgm5t4 ,! te/imony ( ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t 7,,no-#cgb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #beb7 is no basis to judge ! true /ate ( affairs1 z ,rudolf ,br&t's te/imony 7,tr4 pp4 #dicj-cd7 %[s t he himself nev] witness$ an exp]im5t & t 8 /atem5ts are conclusions drawn f docum5ts & /atem5ts submitt$ by ! int]rogators4 #c4 ,n-sub/ance4 ,no exp]im5ts1 no /atem5t4 ,d4 ,dang] involv$ = ! exp]im5tal subjects4 #a4 ,drug ,f #ajja & 8,lo/04 ,! usual =ms ( ! 8,lo/0 exp]im5ts1 apply+ a drop to ! sk91 z describ$ by ,holl 7,tr4 p4 #ajeb7 d n entail any dang] to life1 because ! aim is to asc]ta9 ! mo/ detail$ reactions ( ! sk9 t[>ds t9y drops ( 8,lo/04 ,exp]im5ts ) deadly quantities w\ld prev5t ?is be+ asc]ta9$4 ,! relevant /atem5ts ( ! witness ,holl mu/ be due to ignorance ( ! mann] ( ! exp]im5t4 ,holl's /atem5t 7,tr4 p4 #ajej ff47 & ! affidavit ( ,wagn] 7,,no-#hha1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhj7 also1 to a c]ta9 degree1 contradict ea* o!r4 ,holl1 a m9] by pr(ession1 :o 0 hospital ,kapo inmate tru/y 9 ,natzweil]1 makes sci5tific /atem5ts ) illu/rations1 to :i* "o c h>dly atta* any value4 ,! affidavit ( ,wagn] :o1 z a sci5tific design]1 held1 dur+ ! exp]im5ts1 an elevat$ position )9 ! inn] work+ circle1 is f> m res]v$4 ,he kn[s no?+ ( dea?s occurr+ dur+ 8,lo/0 exp]im5ts4 ,8 conclusions z to h[ dang]\s ! 8,lo/0 exp]im5ts 7 are bas$ on a *>t :i* 0 mo/ likely int5d$ = a committee4 ,siev]s' /atem5t 7,tr4 p4 #egcb7 reports a visit to ,wimm] at ,/rasb\rg dur+ :i* ! latt] did n m5tion t !re _h be5 any dea?s4 ,hirt also confirms ?is 9 ,m>* #aidc2 ?\gh he cites two dea?s1 !y _h n result$ f 8,lo/0 exp]im5ts4 ,! exp]im5ts ) drug ,f #ajja1 too1 are 8,lo/0 exp]im5ts4 ,! dang] involv$ 9 ! exp]im5ts has be5 describ$ accurately4 ,!re are no dea?s & heal? is n impair$ p]man5tly4 ,9 #bc cases g5]al condition 0 n impair$4 7,,no-#aii1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bec47 ,9 contra/ to ?is1 ,,no-#aih1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bed1 m5tions s]i\s di/urbances ( ! g5]al condition 9 eight cases4 ,yet x mu/ be assum$ t ^! di/urbances 7 ( a tempor>y nature & occurr$ only :5 ! climax ( ! injury 0 rea*$4 ,!y did n la/ ?r\gh\t ! duration ( ! exp]im5ts4 #b4 ,n-sub/ance4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 n c>ri$ out4 ,ov] & above t1 ,,no-#jje1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bgi1 discloses t ! exp]im5ts w\ld1 mo/ probably1 n result 9 any p]man5t bodily h>m4 ,,vi4 ,special responsibility & p>ticipation ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 #a4 ,! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t did n issue any ord] to c>ry out exp]im5ts4 ,k>l ,br&t did n h au?ority to issue ord]s4 #b4 ,! decree ( #a ,m>* #aidd conc]n+ def5se equipm5t 9 *emical w>f>e has be5 recon/ruct$ by means ( ! foll[+ affidavits3 7,k>l ,br&t #ajc1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #db2 ,k>l ,br&t #e1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #f2 ,k>l ,br&t #aa1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #aj2 ,k>l ,br&t #d1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #e2 ,k>l ,br&t #aja1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #da2 ,k>l ,br&t #hi1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #cg74 ,!y %[ t ?is decree does n ref] to an au?orization to give ord]s conc]n+ *emical-w>f>e ag5ts & _! rese>*1 b t x repres5ts a production ord] ref]r+ to def5se equipm5t 9 *emical w>f>e4 ,docum5t ,,no-#jae1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bge1 proves t ,hirt's exp]im5ts _h be5 complet$ :5 ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t receiv$1 ?r\gh ,siev]s1 ,hirt's treatm5t-in/ructions = injuries caus$ by 8,lo/0 foll[+ ! decree ( #a ,m>* #aidd4 ,! v fact t 9 ?is way1 = ! fir/ "t1 he ga9$ k ( ! results ( ! exp]im5ts proves t ?is 0 an ,,ss affair ( ,himml] & ,hirt & t x belong$ to a sph]e :]e int]f]5ce 0 d5i$ to ,k>l ,br&t by /rict ord]s 7see /atem5ts on p>ticipation 9 exp]im5ts by virtue ( contacts ) ,himml]74 7,also ,k>l ,br&t #abj1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ce47 ,! affidavit ( ,rudolf ,br&t 7,,no-#cgb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #beb7 is refut$ by ,k>l ,br&t #ac1 ,k>l ,br&t ,exhibit #ab1 z well z /atem5ts made by ,rudolf ,br&t4 7,tr4 pp4 #dicj-cd47 ,z a matt] ( fact ! "n ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t is nev] m5tion$ 9 ! num]\s docum5ts ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( sev]al ye>s4 ,! special secrecy surr\nd+ ! ,noli ,decree & its cont5ts ) reg>d to poison gas def5se is made suffici5tly cle> by ! necessity ( safegu>d+ ! inadequate poison gas def5se 9 ! lea/ possible "t1 & to hide ?is f ! enemy4 7,k>l ,br&t #ajc1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #db2 ,k>l ,br&t #aja1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #da2 ,k>l ,br&t #aa1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #aj47 #c4 ,k>l ,br&t's ef=ts n to exp]im5t on human be+s are prov$ by ! fact t he _h animal mat]ial1 i4 e41 man-l apes1 br\ght f ,spa9 & ,africa by ! ,luftwaffe at great exp5se4 ,_h he be5 pr$om9antly incl9$ to exp]im5t on human be+s1 to be _h free ( co/1 he w\ld h>dly h gone to su* exp5se4 7,k>l ,br&t #ab1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #aa47 ,! exhau/ive enum]ation ( p>ties engag$ on "w ) ,n-gas 7,,no-#jje1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bgi7 proves t ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t did n p>ticipate4 ,! ,n-gas problems belong to a v diff]5t sph]e1 z %[n by ! ,docum5ts ,k>l ,br&t #hh1 ,k>l ,br&t ,exhibit #cf1 & ,k>l ,br&t #ajc1 ,k>l ,br&t ,exhibit #db4 ,?is is fur!r confirm$ by ,siev]s' lett] to ,hirt ( #i ,april #aidb4 7,,no-#gic1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #beh47 ,9 x1 ref]5ce is made to ! possibility ( advanc+ exp]im5ts by 8s+le possibilities04 ,,no-#dbb1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #cc1 conta9s an ord] by ,himml] ( #g ,july #aidb to ,siev]s & ! ,,ss ,in/itute ,ahn5]be to support ,hirt's rese>*es 9 e possible way4 #d4 ,! codef5dant ,rudolf ,br&t does n "k ! cont5ts ( ! decree ( #a ,m>* #aidd1 ?\gh he di/9ctly alludes to x 9 8 affidavit1 7,,no-#cgb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #beb2 ,tr4 pp4 #dida-db47 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,siev]s 99 99 99 99 99 #a4 ,lo/ gas exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out f ,novemb] #aidb on by ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 #b4 ,accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ! witness ,nales 9 ! session ( #cj ,april #aidg1 ?ree exp]im5tal p]sons di$4 ,o!r exp]im5tal p]sons are suppos$ to h suff]$ f sev]e burns4 #c4 ,siev]s did n p]sonally p>ticipate 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,! prosecution has submitt$ ! foll[+ evid5ce to prove ,siev]s' p>ticipation 9 ! ,lo/ gas exp]im5ts3 ,lett] ( ,siev]s to ,dr4 ,hirt ( #ag ,janu>y #aidb 7,,no-#gia1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bef7 conc]n+ exp]im5ts ) insecticides4 ,lett] ( ,dr4 ,hirt to ! ,ahn5]be ( #bj ,janu>y #aidb 7,,no-#gib1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #beg7 conc]n+ answ] to ,siev]s' lett]4 ,siev]s' lett] to ,dr4 ,hirt ( #i ,april #aidb 7,,no-#gic1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #beh7 conc]n+ ,dr4 ,hirt's treatises on intravital microscopy & ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 ,siev]s' lett] to ,dr4 ,br&t ( #bg ,augu/ #aidb 7,,no-#gid1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bei7 conc]n+ ! pass+ on ( a message ( ,dr4 ,hirt on ! results ( ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 ,lett] ( ! ,ahn5]be to ,dr4 ,br&t ( #b ,june #aidb 7,,no-#jig1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfj7 conc]n+ ,dr4 ,hirt's report on ,lo/ w\nds4 ,exp]im5ts on human be+s c\ld n be made z ,hirt 0 at ! front4 ,note ( ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ( #c ,novemb] #aidb 7,,no-#jih1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfc74 ,lett] ( ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ( ! ,ahn5]be to ,dr4 ,r4 ,br&t ( #bb ,april #aidc--;conc]n+ release ( ,/aff ,physician ,dr4 ,wimm] f ! air =ce s t he c d fur!r "w ) ,dr4 ,hirt on ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#aic1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfd47 ,lett] ( ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to ,m9i/]ial ,c\ncillor ,dr4 ,go]n]t1 ( #i ,june #aidc--;conc]n+ ,dr4 ,wimm]'s transf]4 7,,no-#aie1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bff47 ,c]tificate ( ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ( #h ,novemb] #aidc--;conc]n+ ! s5d+ ( special rations ( food to ,dr4 ,wimm] & ,frl4 ,s*mitt4 7#dib-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfg47 ,propos$ treatm5t ( poison-gas injuries ?r\gh ,lo/4 7,,no-#jii1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfh47 ,lett] ( ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ( ! ,ahn5]be to ,dr4 ,br&t ( #i ,febru>y #aidb--;conc]n+ =w>d+ ,dr4 ,hirt's report on 8 m$ic9al exp]im5ts & a microscope1 :i* enables "o to obs]ve a liv+ tissue4 7,,no-#jhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfi47 ,lett] ( ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to ! ,ahn5]be ( #aj ,m>* #aidd--;conc]n+ ! transmission ( a ,fuehr] ,decree ( #a ,m>* #aidd4 7,,no-#jac1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bgb47 ,! ,fuehr] ,decree m5tion$--( #a ,m>* #aidd--;has n be5 submitt$4 ,lett] ( ! ,(fice 8,a0 to ,dr4 ,r4 ,br&t ( #aa ,april #aidd conc]n+ ,siev]s' report to ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,br&t on ! rese>* "w ( ,dr4 ,hirt4 7,,no-#jae1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bge47 ,lett] ( ,siev]s to ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gluecks ( #aa ,septemb] #aidb 7,,no-#igh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhj7 conc]n+ milit>y sci5tific rese>* 9 connection ) ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,lett] ( ,siev]s to ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gluecks ( #bg ,augu/ #aidb conc]n+ milit>y sci5tific rese>* 9 connection ) ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 7,,no-#ice1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dha47 ,siev]s' memor&um conc]n+ ! c>ry+ out ( milit>y sci5tific rese>* 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp ( #ag ,septemb] #aidb4 7,,no-#igg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhb47 ,! def5se ref]s to ! foll[+ evid5ce3 ,lo/ exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out at ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy 9 ,b]l94 ,! exp]im5tal p]sons 7 cadets /udy+ at ?is ,academy4 7,,no-#jig1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfj2 ,tr4 p4 #efgi2 ,tr4 pp4 #hjga-gb47 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt1 lat] ,director ( ! ,anatomical ,in/itute at ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg1 took "p 9 c>ry+ out ^! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #egca47 ,pr(essor ,hirt also c>ri$ out ,lo/ exp]im5ts on himself4 7,tr4 p4 #egcc47 ,hitl] !n decre$ t exp]im5ts 7 no long] to be c>ri$ out on cadets1 z !y 7 m important z soldi]s4 ,himml] gave ,dr4 ,hirt ord]s to c>ry out a few practical exp]im5ts on human be+s 9 addition to 8 animal exp]im5ts4 ,!n on #i ,april #aidb ,himml] ask$ ,siev]s1 :o 9 8 discussion ) him at ,ea/] #aidb _h also m5tion$ ! rese>* done by ,pr(essor ,hirt1 to ask ! latt] 9 writ+ to submit a secret report on 8 ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#gic1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #beh47 ,hirt !n gave ?is report to ! ,ahn5]be1 f :]e x 0 =w>d$1 ) a lett] on #b ,june #aidb to ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 7,,no-#jig1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfj47 ,! head+ ( ?is lett] is rem>kable3 8,report on ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ord] ( ! ,wehrma*t40 ,dr4 ,hirt m5tions fur!r on page f\r ( ! report t he submitt$ ! writt5 report on ! results ( 8 ,lo/ exp]im5ts to ! surgeon g5]al :o 0 8 sup]ior at t "t4 ,f ?is report1 x is q cle> t exp]im5ts on human be+s1 ) ! exception ( cadets1 _h n yet be5 c>ri$ out by ,hirt4 ,h[ev]1 ,dr4 ,hirt made a fur!r %ort report1 :i* ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ( ! ,ahn5]be =w>d$ to ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss on #bg ,augu/ #aidb4 7,,no-#gid1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bei47 ,9 a lett] ( #ac ,july #aidb ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ord]$ t ,dr4 ,hirt %\ld c>ry out ! rese>* "w assign$ to him 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 7,,no-#jih1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfc47 ,siev]s set out = ,natzweil] ) ,dr4 ,hirt at ! end ( ,augu/ #aidb 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r ! pr]equisites exi/$4 ,z is %[n 9 ,dr4 ,hirt's report ( #ai ,octob] #aidb1 no?+ _h yet happ5$ besides ! draft+ ( ,ob]s*>fuehr] ,walb]t1 ! animal-keep]4 ,! ext5sion ( ! laboratories & /ables _h n yet begun4 ,& n[ ,dr4 ,hirt's report cont9ues3 8,we 7 fur!r in=m$ t prison]s1 :o are lat] to be exp]im5t$ on1 w\ld h to be paid by u :ile !y are subject$ to ! exp]im5t4 ,= ! prison]s 9 ! ,l-exp]im5t we propose t !y are put on full diet 7gu>ds' diet71 s t ! exp]im5ts c be c>ri$ out "u ! same conditions z w\ld prevail ) ! troops 9 an actual case4 ,to beg9 ) we int5d to take #aj prison]s = ! exp]im5t40 7,,no-#jih1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfc47 ,z ,hirt report$ 9 addition t ! assignm5t ( a second physician to ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp w\ld be difficult1 ,siev]s 0 ask$ to p>ticipate 9 ! ef=ts to obta9 ! release ( ,dr4 ,wimm]1 surgeon capta9 ( ! air =ce1 9 ord] to make him assi/ant to ,dr4 ,hirt1 especially z ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss expressly wi%$ t ,dr4 ,wimm]'s transf] %\ld take place z soon z possible4 7,,no-#aid1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfe47 ,x 0 ! duty ( ,siev]s to deal ) que/ions ( billets1 laboratory f9ance & simil> matt]s4 ,!re=e1 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb] #aidb he wrote to ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gluecks1 :o 0 responsible = ! adm9i/ration ( ! conc5tration camps4 7,,no-#ice1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dha2 ,,no-#igg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhb2 ,,no-#igh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dhj47 ,!y conta9 only adm9i/rative matt]s4 ,h[ little ,siev]s knew ab\t conc5tration camps is se5 f ,docum5t ,,no-#ice4 ,siev]s asks to be s5t ! exact address ( ! camp & ( ! comm&ant ( ,natzweil]4 ,?is lett] is p>ticul>ly wor?y ( notice4 ,z = ! "q :e!r & to :at ext5t ,siev]s _h k ( ! p]=mance ( ,lo/ exp]im5ts 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp1 ! foll[+ c be /at$3 ,f]d9& ,holl1 witness = ! prosecution1 :5 giv+ evid5ce on #c ,janu>y #aidg1 said no?+ ab\t ,siev]s' tak+ "p 9 any way 9 ! p]=mance ( ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts at ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,! exp]im5t]s 7 ,dr4 ,hirt & (fic]s ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,! witness ,holl did n m5tion ,siev]s at all4 ,if ,siev]s1 :o wore ,,ss uni=m1 _h become kn[n at all 9 connection ) ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts1 ?is witness w\ld c]ta9ly h made "s su* /atem5t1 especially z he 0 disp5s>y assi/ant ,revi]kapo & prison]s' gu>d 9 ! s-call$ ,ahn5]be block 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #ajea-ajei47 ,! witness ,gr&jean too1 :o 0 at ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp hospital z m$ical assi/ant f ,april #aidd on1 kn[s no?+ ( ,siev]s' pres5ce at ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp or ( any connection betwe5 ,siev]s & ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #ajii ff47 ,siev]s 0 9 ,natzweil] conc5tration camp on #be ,janu>y #aidc & also visit$ ! b>racks :]e ! exp]im5tal p]sons = ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts 7 h\s$4 ,dr4 ,wimm] %[$ ,siev]s "s ( ! exp]im5tal p]sons ) _! =e>ms 9 b&ages4 ,!re 7 ab\t #aj p]sons altoge!r :o gave ! impression ( be+ q lively4 ,"o ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 0 j hav+ 8 b&age *ang$1 & ,siev]s saw t ! place be+ treat$ on ! arm 0 cov]$ ) a scab4 ,dr4 ,wimm] report$ no?+ ab\t fatal incid5ts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 by que/ion+ ! exp]im5tal subjects himself1 ,siev]s f\nd t !y volunte]$ = ^? exp]im5ts aft] a lecture by ,pr(essor ,hirt4 ,siev]s also le>n$ t f ,dr4 ,hirt himself1 :o at ! end ( ! exp]im5ts confirm$ t he _h s5t to ! camp comm&ant a report on ! good behavior ( ! prison]s ) a recomm5dation = _! release4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #egcb-cc47 ,! lecture :i* ,hirt _h previ\sly deliv]$ to ! exp]im5tal p]sons is also confirm$ by ! witness ,holl4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #ajea-ajei47 ,?is 0 ! only visit ,siev]s paid to ! exp]im5tal subjects ( ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 ,aft] #be ,janu>y #aidc ,siev]s nev] w5t to ,natzweil] aga94 ,?is is already kn[n f 8 di>y entries4 ,siev]s atta*$ a c]ta9 dang] to ! exp]im5ts1 b1 n be+ a physician1 he 0 9 no position to judge exactly f ! exp]im5ts & ! way 9 :i* !y 7 c>ri$ out :e!r !re 0 reason to be prep>$ = fatal results4 ,9 ,m>* #aidc ,siev]s ask$ ,dr4 ,hirt :e!r any exp]im5tal subjects _h di$4 ,hirt admitt$ two dea?s :i*1 he rem>k$1 h[ev]1 _h no connection ) ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #egcb-cc47 ,! /atem5t ( ! witness ,nales1 he>d 9 ! session ( #cj ,april #aidg1 des]ves special att5tion4 ,?is witness confirm$ t ! exp]im5tal subjects :o _h report$ = ! 8,burn+ ,exp]im5ts0 7 volunte]s4 ,! witness !reby confirm$ ,siev]s' /atem5t ( #aj ,april #aidg4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #egcb-cc47 ,! witness admitt$ "u cross-exam9ation t ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt1 z well z ! ,,ss camp physician1 expla9$ to ! exp]im5tal subjects ! nature ( ! plann$ exp]im5ts4 ,x may be t ! ,,ss camp physician did n precisely /ate ! actual dang] ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,b x may c]ta9ly be suppos$ t ,dr4 ,hirt describ$ ! nature ( ! plann$ exp]im5ts m closely 9 8 in/ructions1 :i* are also confirm$ by ! witness ,holl4 ,"h ,siev]s _h j z little to d ) ! *oice ( exp]im5tal subjects z 9 all ! o!r cases4 ,he 0 pres5t nei!r at ! lecture ( ! camp physician nor at t ( ,dr4 ,hirt4 ,he c\ld & _h to rely on :at ,dr4 ,hirt told him conc]n+ ! "q ( volunte]+4 #d4 ,9 ! case 9 "q1 ,siev]s 0 aga9 n 9 a position to give in/ructions or ord]s on ! c>ry+ out ( ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 ,nei!r did he d s4 ,9 z f> z he came into contact ) ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts1 he only =w>d$ correspond5ce & did subord9ate adm9i/rative "w1 :i* _h no decisive or important influ5ce on ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,dr4 ,hirt4 #e4 ,! k t ! exp]im5ts c\ld exce$ c]ta9 limits or become inhuman exi/$ nei!r be=e !y began nor 9 ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,we /ill h to exam9e :e!r ,siev]s did n receive1 ?r\gh "s report or o!r1 m exact k ( ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,z a result ( ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,dr4 ,hirt & ,dr4 ,wimm]1 ! 8,propos$ ,treatm5t ( ,poison-,gas ,injuries ,caus$ by ,lo/0 0 produc$4 7,,no-#jii1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bfh47 ,f ?is report no?+ at all is to be le>n$ ( ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts 9 its effect on ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,s9ce no fur!r report exi/s1 ! correctness ( ,siev]s' /atem5t mu/ be accept$1 accord+ to :i* he knew no m ( ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts ?an :at he _h se5 & he>d himself at ,natzweil]4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 t to make him believe 9 crim9al exp]im5ts4 ,?is mu/ also =m ! basis = ! judg+ ( ,docum5ts ,,no-#aie & ,,no-#jae1 ,prosecution ,exhibits #bff & #bge4 ,siev]s c\ld only give in=mation on :at he knew4 ,by virtue ( 8 own obs]vation ( ! in=mation :i* he _h receiv$ f ,dr4 ,hirt & ! correspond5ce submitt$ "h1 ,siev]s c\ld only give in=mation on ! subject ( ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,dr4 ,hirt & ! circum/ances "u :i* !y 7 c>ri$ out4 ,x is also q absurd to suppose t anyone :o himself _h detail$ k ( ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts w\ld h be5 us$ to pass on in=mation4 ,9 8 lett] to ,dr4 ,rudolf ,br&t ( #aa ,april #aidd1 ,siev]s fur!r /at$ t on #ca ,m>* he _h giv5 a report to ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t on ! rese>* "w ( ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt4 ,! cont5ts ( ?is s-call$ report 7 reproduc$ by ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t 9 8 exam9ation on #d ,novemb] #aidg4 ,accord+ to t1 ,siev]s only /at$ t he _h be5 commission$ by ord] ( ,himml] to h& ov] to him ! f9al report on ,lo/ by ,dr4 ,hirt4 ,b ,siev]s said no?+ ab\t be+ commission$ to discuss ! cont5ts ) ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t4 ,no discussion took place betwe5 ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t & ,siev]s on ! p]=mance ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,?is 0 ! 8report0 f :i* ! prosecution believes x c draw ! conclusion t ,siev]s _h detail$ k ( ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #bcfe-ff47 ,! "q /ill arises1 :e!r ,siev]s1 z a result ( ! report made by ,hirt on #h ,m>* #aidd to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 0 n aw>e ( dea?s 9 connection ) ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts4 ,hirt's report did n disclose any?+ f :i* "o c\ld conclude t a special endang]+ ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 0 involv$4 ,moreov] ,hirt decl>$ t he c\ld arrive at fur!r results only ?r\gh exp]im5ts on animals4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #egcd47 ,f9ally1 an op9ion is express$ 9 reg>d to ! possible ass]tion ( ! prosecution t ! application ( intravital microscopy con/itut$ a crime aga9/ humanity4 ,! intravital microscope us$ by ,dr4 ,hirt c\ld only be us$ on animals4 7,tr4 p4 #egcd47 ,lett] f ! firm ( ,zeiss ( #ac ,janu>y #aidg4 7,siev]s #i1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #aj2 ,tr4 p4 #ehgi2 ,siev]s #ee1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #ea47 ,t intravital microscopic exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out on human be+s by ,dr4 ,hirt 0 n te/ifi$ to by any ( ! witnesses & also _c be se5 f any docum5t4 ,if ?is _h be5 ! case1 x c]ta9ly w\ld h become kn[n to ?ird p>ties ?r\gh exp]im5tal subjects or records4 #f4 ,siev]s _h nei!r ! p[] nor ! opportunity to prev5t ! ,lo/ exp]im5ts or to /op !m4 ,siev]s c\ld 9 no way h9d] ! c\rse ( exp]im5ts aga9/ ,himml]'s ord]4 #g4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,siev]s c\ld n h become guilty ( crim9al neglig5ce ei!r4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,pros4 ,ex4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#gid #bei ,lett] f ,siev]s to ,rudolf ,br&t1 #bg #ccf ,june #aidb1 conc]n+ mu/>d gas & its effect on human be+s4 ,,no-#jih #bfc ,memor&um f ,siev]s to ,rudolf #ccg ,br&t1 #c ,novemb] #aidb1 conc]n+ rese>* 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,,no-#aic #bfd ,lett] f ,siev]s to ,rudolf ,br&t1 #bb #cdj ,april #aidc1 reg>d+ prev5tion ( ,dr4 ,wimm]'s to active duty ) ! air =ce4 ,,no-#jii #bfh ,report by ,hirt & ,wimm] on ! #cda propos$ treatm5t ( poison+ caus$ by ,lo/ gas4 ,,no-#jje #bgi ,lett] f ,grawitz to ,himml]1 #bb #cdd ,novemb] #aidd1 reque/+ prison]s = exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#aheb #def ,extract f report on m$ical #cde exp]im5ts address$ to ,k>l ,br&t4 ,,no-#igh #dhj ,lett] f ,siev]s to ,gluecks1 #aa #cdi ,septemb] #aidb1 conc]n+ milit>y sci5tific rese>* "w to be conduct$ at ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,def5se ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,def4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,k>l ,br&t #ab ,k>l ,br&t ,affidavit ( ,dr4 ,wal!r ,s*ieb] #cej ,ex4 #aa on 8 ef=ts to pur*ase exp]im5tal animals 9 ,spa9 & br+ !m to ,g]many4 ,k>l ,br&t #aja ,k>l ,br&t ,affidavit ( ,dr4 ,otto ,ambros1 #ba #cea ,ex4 #da ,april #aidg1 conc]n+ ! urg5cy ( exp]im5ts 9 ! field ( *emical-w>f>e ag5ts & _! c\nt]measures4 ,k>l ,br&t #ajc ,k>l ,br&t ,affidavit ( ,dr4 ,walt] ,miel5z1 #ba #ceb ,ex4 #db ,april #aidg1 conc]n+ ! assignm5t ( ,k>l ,br&t 9 connection ) *emical w>f>e4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#gid ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bei ,,lett] ,,f ,,siev]s ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #bg ,,june #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,mu/>d ,,gas ,,& ,,its ,,effect ,,on ,,human ,,be+s ,! ,ahn5]be ,! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ,b]l9-,dahlem1 #bg ,june #aidb ,g_/,h_/#f1 g_/,s*_/#d1 ,a_/#a_/aja ,s_/wo ,to3 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,r4 ,br&t ,p]sonal ,/aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,b]l9 ,subject3 ,use ( mu/>d gas = ext]m9at+ rats4 ,re3 ,y\r lett] ( #ac ,july #aidb--;,a #ai_/ie_/aidb ,de> ,comrade ,br&t6 ,on reque/ ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hirt1 ,/rasb\rg tells me3 8,mu/>d gas 9 a dilution ( #a3ajj is dang]\s to human be+s if x contacts ! body 9 an adequate am\nt4 ,above all1 mu/>d gas is dang]\sly effective to clo?+1 z is kn[n1 ev5 :5 greatly dilut$1 especially 9 connection ) dampness4 ,mu/>d gas t\*+ ! sk9 ev5 9 a dilution ( #a3ajj causes r$d5+1 possibly x causes little cy/s )\t effect+ necrosis4 ,t is1 ! effect is mu* weak] ?an t ( pure mu/>d gas4 ,9 spite ( t1 com+ 9 contact ) ! clo!s 9 suffici5t quantities1 especially 9 ! regions ( p]spiration z ! armpit1 or ! +u9al region1 x c h exactly ! same effect z conc5trat$ mu/>d gas4 ,= ?is1 only a trace ( x is frequ5tly suffici5t4 ,?is ,i exp]i5c$ 9 a laboratory accid5t ) a *emical /ud5t1 :o t\*$ 8 armpit ) "o ( ! rabbits only = a second & a r$d5+ ensu$ :i* spread ov] ! entire body ! foll[+ day1 h[ev]1 )\t fur!r consequ5ces4 ,9 my op9ion1 only a place :i* c be tempor>ily evacuat$ by human inhabitants c be us$ = gass+4 ,! use ( mu/>d gas 9 ! vic9ity ( food /ores1 especially gra9 dumps1 has to be absolutely exclud$ because "o _c "k to :at ext5t ! rats c>ry ! mu/>d gas !re4 ,only gass+ ( rat holes w\ld be possible ) full application ( precaution>y measures4 ,h[ ?is w "w out te*nically1 ,i _c ( c\rse det]m9e4 ,prop] exp]ts w\ld h to judge t4 ,probably ! case may be ! same z ) o!r poisons us$ = ! ext]m9ation ( rats 7,phosphor-ars5ic1 /ry*n9e1 etc47--t means t ! use ( e type ( poison has two sides4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 y\r idea to try ! ext]m9ation ( v]m9 by means ( poison gas does n seem /range at all1 b an exp]t on poison gas w\ld h to det]m9e if !re are n o!r means ( kill+ rats :i* are less h>mful to human be+s40 ,) k9d reg>ds ,heil ,hitl]6 ,signature ,,siev]s ,p4 ,s4 ,i %all talk ov] ?is matt] ?or\ghly ) ,pr(essor ,hirt "o ( ^! days1 & ,i w see :i* poison gas exp]t we might consult = ! solution ( ! problem4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jih ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bfc ,,memor&um ,,f ,,siev]s ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #c ,,novemb] #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,rese>* ,,9 ,,! ,,natzweil] ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,! ,ahn5]be ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ,b]l9-,dahlem1 #c ,novemb] #aidb ,s_/,wo ,g_/,h_/#f ,p]sonal ,/aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,fil+ /amp ,file ,room ,docum5t ,no4 ,secret_/#ea_/af %or?& notation ,note ,re3 ,rese>* ord] ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr]1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,augu/ ,hirt1 ,/rasb\rg1 at ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] ord]$1 9 8 lett] ( #ac ,july #aidb--;,j\rnal numb] ,,ar_/#dh_/g_/db--t ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hirt c>ry out ! rese>* tasks assign$ him1 9 conjunction ) ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,x 0 det]m9$ at a conf]5ce1 = :i* ,i drove1 along ) ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hirt1 to ,natzweil] on #ca ,augu/ #aidb1 t ! necess>y conditions exi/ 9 ,natzweil]4 ,i report$ on ?is orally on #i ,septemb] #aidb1 & aft]w>ds 9 writ+ on #aa ,septemb] #aidb to ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gluecks1 :o agre$ & promis$ 8 full support4 ,9 view ( ! urg5cy ( ^! rese>* tasks1 ,i ask$ ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt to g to ,natzweil] aga9 because until !n no report on ! beg9n+ ( ! "w _h arriv$4 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hirt report$ ! foll[+1 among o!r ?+s1 conc]n+ ?is conf]5ce :i* took place at ,natzweil] on #ai ,octob] #aidb3 8,! conf]5ce 0 due to ! fact t until n[ no?+ besides ! deta*m5t ( ,ob]s*>fuehr] ,walb]t _h be5 accompli%$4 ,nor _h ! in/allation ( ! laboratories be5 />t$ to date4 8,x has n[ be5 decid$ to />t ) ! laboratories ?is week4 8,x 0 fur!r e/abli%$ t ! camp = security suspects1 ,s*irmeck1 w\ld erect ! %$s4 ,its comm&] =tunately is ready1 z he told u at once1 to place ! necess>y p at our disposal free ( *>ge2 :]eas ,natzweil] w\ld n h be5 9 a position to d s ow+ to ! ov]be>+ & inconv5i5t dem&s ( ! work]s4 8,we 7 fur!rmore in=m$ t ! prison]s :o w\ld lat] be us$ = exp]im5ts w\ld h to be paid = by u dur+ ! p]iod t exp]im5ts 7 be+ made ^u !m4 8,we are to reque/ t ! prison]s ( ! ,lo/ exp]im5t receive full rations 7food = gu>ds7 to enable ! exp]im5ts to be c>ri$ out "u ! same conditions z ! troops w\ld be "u 9 a possible em]g5cy4 ,we int5d = ! "t be+ to take #aj prison]s z subjects = exp]im5ts4 8,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,blanke said t he 0 refus$ ! assi/ance ( a second physician 9 sup]vis+ ! exp]im5ts on pati5ts1 s t he probably w\ld n h en\gh "t to conc]n himself ) ! exp]im5ts4 8,! ,x-ray app>atus :i* ,i c\ld procure "h has n yet be5 def9itely allocat$ by ,b]l94 ,we mu/ get x imm$iately1 o!rwise we may lose x4 8,! in/allation ( direct curr5t causes difficulties4 ,"o1 h[ev]1 gets ! impression t ! build+ op]ators _h n dealt ) ?is problem at all4 ,accord+ to _! op9ion1 a trans=m] %\ld be procur$ :i* is able to trans=m #bbj volts alt]nat+ curr5t into direct curr5t4 ,?is is mo/ likely q improbable at ?is place4 8,to equip ! laboratory1 ,i w\ld %ip ! ne$$ ?+s 7freez+ microtome1 incubators1 etc47 f ! /ocks ( ! ,anatomical ,in/itute to ,natzweil] dur+ ! next week4 ,!y rema91 ( c\rse1 ! prop]ty ( ! ,anatomical ,in/itute4 ,! two prison]s tra9$ 9 h&l+ ! microtome c !n be put to "w4 ,accord+ to ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,blanke1 bo? %\ld be pr(ici5t at x40 ,on ! basis ( ?is report1 ,i h ! impression t n too mu* int]e/ 9 coop]ative "w exi/s at ,natzweil]4 ,z su* coop]ation is ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & z ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gluecks is will+1 ! :ole ?+ is n und]/&able to me4 ,i 0 v mu* surpris$ by ! fact t ! prison]s to be us$ = exp]im5ts %\ld be paid =4 ,if we use only #aj prison]s = "o exp]im5t1 :i* might "u c]ta9 circum/ances la/ #aj mon?s1 ! co/ = ! prison]s alone w\ld total approximately #d1jjj ,,rm4 ,:5 ,i ?9k ( our milit>y rese>* "w conduct$ at ! conc5tration camp ,da*au1 ,i mu/ praise & call special att5tion to ! g5]\s & und]/&+ way 9 :i* our "w 0 fur!r$ !re & to ! coop]ation we 7 giv54 ,paym5t ( = prison]s 0 nev] discuss$4 ,x seems z if at ,natzweil] !y are try+ to make z mu* money z possible out ( ?is matt]4 ,we are n conduct+ ^! exp]im5ts1 z a matt] ( fact1 = ! sake ( "s fix$ sci5tific idea1 b to be ( practical help to ! arm$ =ces & beyond t to ! ,g]man p 9 a possible em]g5cy4 ,! budget ( ! in/itute w be met1 accord+ to ! ord] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ( ! ,,ss & z already discuss$ by me 9 detail ) ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,lo]n]1 out ( ! funds ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,"u ! supposition t ! prison]s ne$$ = exp]im5ts are 9 ! prescrib$ condition z reg>ds n\ri%m5t by ?is "t1 ! exp]im5ts c\ld />t approximately on #aj ,novemb] #aidb4 ,special treatm5t 9 ,da*au 0 nev] ! subject ( special in/ructions b 0 und]/ood to be necess>y & issu$ )\t fur!r ado4 ,on ! occasion ( 8 p]sonal inspection ( ! exp]im5ts at ,da*au1 ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss also ord]$ special food z an additional measure4 ,j z ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss appe>$ "o day at ,da*au to h a look at ! exp]im5ts !re1 ?is is possible at ,natzweil] too4 ,signature ,,siev]s ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] #a4 ,to ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,r4 ,br&t to read 9 ref]5ce to our discussion ( today & ) ! reque/ = help 9 comradely fa%ion 9 sett+ up ! necess>y conditions at ,natzweil]4 #b4 ,docum5ts4 ,initials ,,si ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#aic ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bfd ,,lett] ,,f ,,siev]s ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #bb ,,april #aidc1 ,,reg>d+ ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,dr4 ,,wimm]',s ,,transf] ,,to ,,active ,,duty ,,) ,,! ,,air ,,=ce ,copy ,ahn5]be ,society ,! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ,b]l9-,dahlem1 #bb ,april #dc ,g_/,h_/#f ,s_/,no ,note ,h&writt5 ,"s in=mation on ,w4 is also 9 ! files ( ,pr(4 ,hirt ,di>y ,no4 #da_/h_/dc ,g4 ,mue4 ,to3 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,r4 ,br&t ,p]sonal ,/aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/r4 #h4 ,subject3 ,dr4 m$4 habil4 ,k>l ,wimm]1 born on #bd ,octob] #aiaj1 /aff physician ( ! ,luftwaffe1 comm&$ by ,air ,gau ,physician #g1 ,muni*1 = s]vice ) ! ,anatomical ,in/itute ( ,/rasb\rg ,univ]sity4 ,co-work] at ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ( ! ,ahn5]be ,society1 ,dep>tm5t ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,hirt1 ,/rasb\rg4 ,re3 ,y\r lett] ( #aj4db4 ,no4 ,,ar_/#dh_/g_/db4 ,our lett] ( #be4g4db4 ,de> ,comrade ,br&t6 ,effective imm$iately1 ,dr4 ,wimm] has be5 transf]r$ to ! ,x,ith ,flieg]korps subord9ate op]ational ,comm& ( an ,air ,fleet1 & accord+ to in=mation giv5 by ! ,air ,gau ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t #g 0 to report today to ,ob]/abs>zt ,dr4 ,jaeg]1 ,b]l9-,tempelh(1 ,manfr$ von ,ri*?(5/r4 #f4_/;,,ii4 ,z ,jaeg] is go+ to be abs5t until #bg ,april1 ,dr4 ,wimm] w h to wait = a decision1 until t date4 ,! transf] ( ,dr4 ,wimm] means discont9uance ( ! gas exp]im5ts at ,natzweil] & ,/rasb\rg1 z-- #a4 ,replacem5t _c be suppli$ due to ! specializ$ k necess>y4 #b4 ,! practical k ga9$ by ,dr4 ,wimm] ?r\gh an ext5sive s]ies ( exp]im5ts c only be us$ by him4 #c4 ,on ,dr4 ,wimm]'s leav+1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfueh]] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hirt w h to take ov] 8 lectures & z he1 consid]+ 8 /ate ( heal?1 is already m ?an ov]work$1 he c no long] g on ) rese>* "w4 ,int]im report on exp]im5t results up to n[ w foll[ next week to be submitt$ to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,! int5sification ( exp]im5ts & rese>*1 z well z ! cont9uation ( ! "w at all1 z ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss on ! basis ( our discussion on #g ,april1 is out ( ! "q1 if ! small /aff ( co-work]s at ! disposal ( ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hirt1 especially ,dr4 ,wimm]1 is )drawn4 ,! problems to be solv$ con/antly dem& sci5ti/s ) long ye>s ( exp]i5ce & specializ$ k4 ,dr4 ,wimm] w\ld n[ be employ$ only z an army doctor1 :i* is totally uneconomical consid]+ 8 k & abilities1 z 8 s]vices z an army doctor w nev] be ( vital importance z reg>ds ! w>1 :ile ?is may well be said ( 8 sci5tific activities4 ,obvi\sly ! ,recruit+ ,(fice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss at t "t cont5t$ itself ) ! in=mation ( ! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/] & ,supreme ,comm&] ( ! ,g]man ,luftwaffe1 )\t conclud+ a def9ite agreem5t4 ,i reque/ imm$iate /eps = ?is to be rem$i$2 ! be/ w\ld be to ord] ,dr4 ,wimm] to ! ,waff5 ,,ss at lea/ until #ca4ac4dc sic & if necess>y ! ,rei*s>zt ,,ss %\ld s5d an army doctor 9 8 place to ! ,luftwaffe = ! "t ,dr4 ,wimm] is assign$ to ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,) be/ reg>ds ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs ,sign$ ,,siev]s typewritt5 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jii ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bfh ,,report ,,by ,,hirt ,,& ,,wimm] ,,on ,,! ,,propos$ ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,poison+ ,,caus$ ,,by ,,lo/ ,,gas ,top ,secret ,h&writt5 ,enclosure ( ,top ,secret ,z4 ,i4 ,a4 ,h4 ,no4 #cf ,g4 ,tgb4 ,s4 #ai1 ,no4 #agj ,f ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ,dep>tm5t ,h ( ! ,rese>* & ,in/ruction ,society ,ahn5]be 7,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,p]sonal ,/aff1 ,(fice 8,a07 ,/rasb\rg1 ,anatomical ,in/itute4 ,propos$ treatm5t ( poison+ caus$ by ,lo/ ,gas 7,by ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,a4 ,hirt1 & ,/aff ,surgeon ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,wimm]1 ,/rasb\rg1 #aidd7 ,g5]al ,obs]vations ,! effect ( ,lo/ z a poison gas is imm$iate &1 by caus+ o!r pa?ological reactions )9 ! cells & organs1 x damages ! entire effici5cy ( ! individual cell z well z t ( ! organs4 ,! organism /&s ! be/ *ance ( absorb+ ! damage caus$ by ,lo/ if !re is a l>ge vitam9 res]ve 9 ! body4 ,9 adm9i/]+ ! vitam9 treatm5t aft] ,lo/ damage has be5 inflict$1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! m$icam5ts are n adm9i/]$ indiscrim9ately4 ,! vitam9 comb9ations 7,a1 ,b complex1 ,c7 tak5 orally or vitam9 ,b#a adm9i/]$ intrav5\sly 9 glucose susp5sion h prov$ mo/ effective4 ,bo? me?ods aim at rais+ ! resi/ance ( ! reticulo5do!lial sy/em1 :ile simultane\sly introduc+ !rapeutic measures to protect ! liv] :i* c be fur!r /r5g!n$ by food ) a high c>bohydrate & vitam9 cont5t4 ,:5 def9ite damage to ! organs 7liv]1 c>diac muscles1 kidneys7 manife/s itself1 vitam9 treatm5t has to be discont9u$ & injections ( ,b#a glucose sub/itut$1 z ! excretion ( ! surplus quantity ( vitam9s results 9 a tempor>y additional ov]/imulation ( ! cells ( ! excretory organs4 ,9 addition ! int]-connection betwe5 ! effect ( sulfanilamide & vitam9 ,b complex %\ld be not$4 ,9 ! case ( pulmon>y complications 7bron*ial pneumonia1 pulmon>y abscess7 :i* are treat$ ) sulfanilamides1 ! adm9i/ration ( yea/ is def9itely n indicat$4 ,! g5]al treatm5t1 z set =?1 especially ! adm9i/ration ( vitam9 ,b#a glucose1 also has a salutory effect on ! heal+ ( cutane\s necrosis4 ,9 av]age & s]i\s cases1 ! l5g? ( ! heal+ process c !reby be consid]ably decreas$4 ,support+ measures to be tak5 are b&ag+ ! affect$ limb 9 spl9ts until ! appe>ance ( clean granulation or plac+ ! pati5t 9 a suitable recumb5t position z well z vigor\s1 sy/ematic psy*o!rapy4 ,! psy*ological influ5c+ ( ! l>gely apa!tic ,lo/ pati5t con/itutes an ess5tial "p ( ! treatm5t1 due to ! possibility ( !reby influ5c+ ! p>asympa!tic sy/em 7circulation1 circulatory sy/em74 ,outl9e ( treatm5t #a4 ,all ! directions giv5 = ! elim9ation ( ! ,lo/ poison are to be foll[$ c>efully4 ,only aft] elim9ation ( ! poison has result$ may ,lo/ pati5ts be treat$ & accommodat$ toge!r 9 enclos$ rooms4 7,inhalation ( ,lo/ vapors67 #b4 ,damp dress+s ) ,rivanol 7#j4a-j4je p]c5t7 & ,trypaflav9 7#j4a p]c5t7 h prov$ to be a successful treatm5t ( ! sk9 symptoms 7r$d5+1 swell+1 bli/]s7 ( ! fir/ to f\r? day4 ,if necess>y1 o9tm5t dress+s 7#aj p]c5t cod liv] oil tannic o9tm5t1 boric acid o9tm5t1 etc47 may be appli$4 ,) ! op5+ ( ! bli/]s1 ! expos$ corium ( ! sk9 becomes extremely s5sitive to ! dry+ reflex4 ,introductory treatm5t2 daily ba?+ ) a potassium p]manganate solution1 con/ant damp dress+s ( ,rivanol-,trypaflav9 solution2 lat] on o9tm5t dress+s 7#e p]c5t cod liv] oil tannic o9tm5t1 boric acid o9tm5t74 ,) ! developm5t ( cutane\s necrosis & increas+ dis9fection ( ! affect$ p>ts ( ! sk91 ! damp dress+s are to be sub/itut$--if only = nurs+ reasons--by o9tm5t dress+s1 aft] ba?+ ) a potassium p]manganate solution at body temp]ature1 :i* are to be *ang$ daily4 ,usually aft] ! #ag? day1 ! necrotic spots on ! sk9 c be remov$ by dry+ !m up or bett] /ill by bru%+ !m (f 7"u n>cosis if necess>y7 ) a potassium p]manganate solution4 ,9 ?is way ! local heal+ process is consid]ably %ort5$4 ,) ! beg9n+ ( ! knitt+ ( ! sk9 granulation /imulat+ o9tm5t dress+s 7alt]nately cod liv] oil o9tm5t1 boric acid o9tm5t1 ungu5t9e1 etc47 are suffici5t4 ,lex]'s cod liv] o9tm5t 7only #b h\rs1 pa9ful67 c provide a /rong /imulus %\ld granulation =mation be sl[ & drag itself out4 #c4 ,g5]al treatm5t ( av]age & s]i\s ,lo/ damage beg9s ) adm9i/]+ a vitam9 mixture comp\nd$ z foll[s3 ,vitam9 ,a 79 ! =m ( ,vogane oil7 increas+ f #d to #aj drops daily4 ,vitam9 ,c 7,cantan--,cebion tablets7 #b tablets #c times daily4 ,yea/ p[d] #c teaspoonfuls daily4 ,"o %\ld consid] :e!r a vitam9 comp\nd ( simil> prep>ation--if ne$ be ) ! addition ( glucose--%\ld be produc$ = ! combat troops4 ,su* a p[d] mixture w\ld h to be adm9i/]$ 9 increas+ quantities z well4 ,9 all cases ( absorb$ ,lo/ damage 7liv] damage indicat$ by increas$ secretion ( urobil9og5 9 ! ur9e1 lat] ict]ic sk9 color+1 c>diac muscle damage ) ta*yc>diacs1 kidney damage ) album9 secretion 9 ! ur9e7 treatm5t ) vitam9 mixtures is to be discont9u$ & to be sub/itut$ by injections ( vitam9 ,b#a glucose4 7,betax9--,betabion #b cc4--also 9 l>g] dosages--intrav5\sly ) #aj cc4 #bj p]c5t glucose solution47 ,injections are to be giv5 sl[ly1 s9ce at ! height ( ,lo/ damage ! ve9s ( ! arms incl9e to ?rombosis6 ,9 ! latt] case glucose has to be adm9i/]$ orally & vitam9 ,b#a intramuscul>ly4 ,!re exi/s ! possibility1 9 e case ( consid]able ,lo/ damage1 ( a sudd5 failure ( circulation 7frequ5tly betwe5 ! #g? & #ag? day7 indicat$ by a weak response to he>t & circulatory /imulants4 ,he>t /imulants 7/rophan?91 caffe9e1 digitalis7 & circulatory /imulants 7sympatol1 priscol1 camphor1 c>diazol7 h !re=e to be adm9i/]$ ) c>e 9 s]i\s cases4 ,! !rapeutic r\t9e valid = all cl9ical treatm5t is p>ticul>ly valid = cases ( organic damage4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jje ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bgi ,,lett] ,,f ,,grawitz ,,to ,,himml]1 #bb ,,novemb] #aidd1 ,,reque/+ ,,prison]s ,,= ,,exp]im5ts ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police ,di>y ,no4 #ci_/dd ,top ,secret ,b]l9 ,w4 #ae1 #bb ,novemb] #aidd ,knesebeck/rasse #ej_/ea ,telephone3 #ibdbdi4ibdcgd4ibdcea4ibddjf4 ,top ,secret ,subject3 ,exp]im5t ) ,n-sub/ance4 ,ref]5ce3 ,ord] ( ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ( #ae ,may #aidd #b copies1 #a/ copy ,to3 ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,h4 ,himml] ,field ,h4 ,q4 ,rei* ,lead]3 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,te*nical ,(fice 9 ! ,,ss ,adm9i/rative ,ma9 ,(fice1 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,s*wab1 contact$ me 9 ,septemb] ( ?is ye> ) ! reque/ to furni% him ) two doctors1 :o z m$ical exp]ts 7 to witness exp]im5ts ) ,n-sub/ance1 :i* he 0 c>ry+ out at ! "t by ord] ( ! ,fuehr]4 ,?is 0 above all a matt] ( ! cl>ification ( ! "q :e!r ,n-sub/ance 0 to be consid]$ = *emical w>f>e or n4 ,= ?is purpose ,i h furni%$ my lead+ pa?ologi/1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,univ]sity ,tea*] ,dr4 ,sa*s1 z well z ! doctor work+ on ! ,ahn5]be1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,univ]sity ,tea*] ,dr4 ,ploetn]4 ,9 accordance ) ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out on #be ,septemb] #aidd1 ! necessity has n[ aris5 to c>ry out sev]al exp]im5ts on human be+s = ! f9al cl>ification ( ! physiological effect ( ,n-sub/ance on & ?r\gh ! human sk94 ,five prison]s are necess>y = ! execution ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,x is highly improbable t ! exp]im5ts w cause any p]man5t damage4 ,9 accordance ) y\r ord] ( #ae ,may #aidd1 ,rei* ,lead]1 ,i h obta9$ ! op9ion ( ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt1 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,gluecks1 & ,,ss ,ob]fuehr] ,panz+]4 ,!y read z foll[s3 #a4 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,gebh>dt 8,i am c]ta9ly 9 agreem5t ) sugge/ion1 & reque/ t ! directions = ! sup]vision ( ! exp]im5ts be issu$ directly by ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police40 #b4 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,gluecks 8,i h receiv$ y\r lett] ( #g ,novemb] #aidd ) reg>d to ! procurem5t ( five prison]s = ! exp]im5ts :i* are to be c>ri$ out ) ,n-sub/ance4 8,= ?is purpose ,i h _h five prison]s 9 ! ,sa*s5haus5 conc5tration camp :o h be5 condemn$ to dea? plac$ 9 read9ess1 on :om ^! exp]im5ts c be c>ri$ out40 #c4 ,,ss ,ob]fuehr] ,panz+] 8,f ! po9t ( view ( ! crim9al police ! exp]im5ts to be c>ri$ out !re are to be welcom$4 ,!re=e1 no misgiv+s exi/ aga9/ ! h&+ ov] ( prison]s = inoculation4 8,if political prison]s %\ld be consid]$1 ! ,*ief ( ,(fice ,,iv1 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,muell] w\ld /ill h to be consult$1 b he w c]ta9ly also grant p]mission40 ,i respectfully reque/ ! p]mission s t ! exp]im5ts c be initiat$4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,grawitz /amp ,p]sonal ,/aff ( ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,receiv$3 #bf ,novemb] #aidd ,no4 #aiia_/dd ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#aheb ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #def ,,extract ,,f ,,report ,,on ,,m$ical ,,exp]im5ts ,,address$ ,,to ,,k>l ,,br&t ,cont5ts ,report4 7#b;d copy7 #b & #c ,phosg5e exp]im5ts ,ruehl #d & #e ,t-exp]im5ts ,letz #f ,a]osol exp]im5t ,letz #g ,natzweil] 7#c;d copy7 #f4 #a/ copy #g4 #a/ copy 99 99 99 99 99 ,top ,secret #c copies--#c;d copy ,to ! ,fuehr]'s ,pl5ipot5ti>y ,g5]al = ,heal? & ,m$ical ,s]vices1 ,surgeon-,g5]al ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t1 ,b]l9 ,ziegel/rasse #e_/i ,surgical ,cl9ic at ! ,univ]sity #g? ,report ,on ! protective effect ( hexame?yl5tetram9e 9 phosg5e poison+4 ,exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out on #dj prison]s on ! prophylactic effect ( hexame?yl5tetram9e 9 cases ( phosg5e poison+4 ,twelve ( ^? 7 protect$ orally1 tw5ty intrav5\sly1 & eight 7 us$ z controls4 ,! me?od ,! *amb] has a capacity ( #bj cbm4 ,9 exp]im5ts ,i to ,,xiv ! *amb] 0 giv5 a coat ( pa9t :i* _h a /rong det]iorat+ effect on phosg5e4 ,?is decrease 9 conc5tration 0 measur$ aft] exp]im5t ,,xi2 ! curves are %[n on *>t ,i n reproduc$4 ,! greate/ decrease measur$ 0 tak5 z basis = ! calculations ( ! av]age conc5tration = exp]im5ts ,i to ,,xi4 ,9 exp]im5ts ,,xii to ,,xv1 ! initial conc5tration & its decrease 7 measur$ sep>ately 9 ea* case4 ,9 ! tables ,,ii & ,,iii1 co /&s = ! quantity ( phosg5e infus$ into ! *amb] 9 mg_/cbm1 cm = ! calculat$ av]age conc5tration1 t = ! "t ( reaction4 cm 0 measur$ z an ari?metic m$ium f #e to #g & calculat$ on ! curve values obta9$ ?r\gh int]polation4 ,b4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects 7 all p]sons ( middle age1 almo/ all 9 a weak & und]f$ condition4 ,on pr9ciple1 ! heal?i] ones 7 us$ z controls1 only control numb] #ci 7,j4 ,rei7 & ! orally protect$ exp]im5tal subject ,no4 #cg 7,a4 ,rei7 _h a localiz$ cirrhotic productive tub]culosis ( ! lungs4 ,) ! o!rs1 no pulmon>y disease c\ld be f\nd4 ,9 ! fir/ exp]im5ts up to #f;g hexame?yl5tetram9e 7 giv5 orally1 lat] despite ! mu* high] conc5trations #j4jf g_/kg body weight1 orally z well z intrav5\sly4 ,results ,! intrav5\sly protect$ exp]im5tal subjects1 )\t exception1 all surviv$ ! phosg5e poison+ ) a c4 t4 ( #bdg to #e1djj4 ,!re 7 no symptoms ( pulmon>y o$ema aft] intrav5\s protection ev5 ) a c4 t4 ( #b1igj4 ,only exp]im5t ,no4 #aj ) a c4 t4 ( #c1ifj suff]$ pulmon>y o$ema ( ! fir/ degree1 :i* 0 ov]come )\t any !rapy & 9 exp]im5t ,no4 ,,xiv ! intrav5\s protection 0 p5etrat$ to an ext5t to cause pulmon>y o$ema ( ! #c;d degree1 :i* h[ev] 0 ov]come by oxyg5 inhalation4 ,! exp]im5tal subject recov]$4 ,all control subjects fell ill4 ,) a c4 t4 ( #gfh & #a1ahj a fir/ degree pulmon>y o$ema result$ :i* 0 ov]come4 ,) a c4 t4 ( #b1bge1 "o control subject di$1 ! second contract$ a second degree pulmon>y o$ema b recov]$4 ,a c4 t4 ( #e1djj kill$ "o control subject aft] #d h\rs1 ! o!r aft] #ad h\rs4 ,aft] oral protection1 a c4 t4 ( #bdg to #gfh 0 suff]$ )\t any o$ema1 ev5 :5 ! protective solution ( hexame?yl5tetram9e 0 drunk only #b-c m9utes be=e ! inhalation ( ! phosg5e4 ,two control subjects %[$ a m>k$ o$ema ) a c4 t4 ( #gfh4 ,) a c4 t4 ( #a1dhe "o protect$ subject fell s]i\sly ill ) a second degree o$ema1 a second subject likewise protect$1 hav+ brea!d ! same phosg5ic air1 0 unaffect$4 ,! cause ( ?is /rik+ diff]5ce mu/ be s\ght 9 ! diff]5t resorption ( ! hexame?yl5tetram9e on ! "o h& & 9 ! diff]5t reaction & ! diff]5t volume ( respiration ( ! exp]im5tal subjects on ! o!r h&4 ,ev5 a c4 t4 ( #b1bge result$ 9 only a slight pulmon>y o$ema 9 an orally protect$ te/ subject1 :]eas "o control subject di$ aft] #d h\rs1 & a second contract$ a second degree pulmon>y o$ema4 ,! oral protection 0 p5etrat$ by a c4 t4 ( #e1djj1 ! protect$ te/ subject di$1 z did ! two control subjects4 ,exp]im5t ,,xv is *>act]i/ic ( ! te/ s*$ule & its results1 & w !re=e aga9 be specially describ$4 ,( f\r te/ subjects1 ! fir/ 0 protect$ orally1 ! second intrav5\sly1 ! ?ird receiv$ an intrav5\s injection ( hexame?yl5tetram9e aft] ! poison+1 9 ord] once m to asc]ta9 ! effect ( !rapeutic treatm5t1 ! f\r? 0 n treat$ at all4 ,! f\r subjects 7 plac$ 9 ! *amb] 9 :i* a phial conta9+ #b4g grams ( phosg5e 0 sma%$4 ,! te/ subjects rema9$ 9 ?is conc5tration = #be m9utes4 ,! phosg5e cont5t 0 measur$ ?ree times dur+ ! inhalation4 ,! read+s %[$ an av]age conc5tration ( #ia mg4 p] cbm4 ,! subject protect$ intrav5\sly rema9$ heal?y1 & did n %[ ! lea/ signs ( difficulties or symptoms1 ! orally protect$ subject contract$ a slight pulmon>y o$ema1 subsequ5tly bron*opneumonia & pleurisy1 f :i* he recov]$4 ,"o control subject also surviv$ 8 pulmon>y o$ema2 ! second di$ a few h\rs lat]1 & ! autopsy %[$ ! *>act]i/ics ( v s]i\s pulmon>y o$ema4 ,summ>y ,! conclusions ( ! exp]im5t are impair$ by ! v>y+ con/itutions & ! g5]al poor /ate ( nutrition & ( physique ( ! exp]im5tal subjects1 z well z by ! diff]5t behavior & ! diff]5t volume ( respiration ( ! exp]im5tal subjects "u gas1 :i* 0 "h demon/rat$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,b ! exp]im5ts gave ! foll[+ decisive conclusions3 #a4 ,a previ\s intrav5\s injection ( #c grams ( hexame?yl5tetram9e completely prev5ts s]i\s toxic & fatal phosg5e poison+ f a c4 t4 ( #b1bge4 #b4 ,an endurable quantity ( hexame?yl5tetram9e tak5 prophylactically weak5s a fatal poison+ to su* an ext5t t x c be ov]come )\t treatm5t4 c4 t4#b1bge4 #c4 ,nonfatal b nev]!less o$ema-produc+ poison+s are made positively ineffective by intrav5\s application1 & are weak5$ by oral application1 c4 t4 #bej to #a1ihj4 #d4 ,! oral application ( hexame?yl5tetram9e is no long] effective aga9/ phosg5e poison+ ( a c4 t4#e1djj1 ! intrav5\s injection1 h[ev]1 weak5s ! effect to su* an ext5t t ! protect$ subject is able to ov]come a lung o$ema4 #e4 ,! dosis letalis m9ima 7m9imum le?al dose7 bas$ on ^! exp]im5ts _c yet be det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,"o c4 t4 ( #b1bge result$ 9 ! dea? ( "o exp]im5tal subject1 & ! second develop$ second degree o$ema ( ! lungs :i* 0 cur$4 #f4 ,"s ( ! protect$ exp]im5tal subjects :o did n develop o$ema ( ! lungs rema9$ completely heal?y1 o!rs suff]$ f slight bron*itis ) a brief fev]4 ,9 e case !y recov]$ )\t treatm5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#igh ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #dhj ,,lett] ,,f ,,siev]s ,,to ,,gluecks1 #aa ,,septemb] #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,milit>y ,,sci5tific ,,rese>* ,,"w ,,to ,,be ,,conduct$ ,,at ,,natzweil] ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,p]sonal ,/aff ,! ,*ief ( ! ,(fice ,ahn5]be ,b]l9-,dahlem1 #aa ,septemb] #db ,pueckl]/r4 #af h&writt5 secret ,g_/,w_/#ab ,to3 ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gluecks ,b]l9-,orani5burg ,subject3 ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* 9 ,connection ) ! ,natzweil] ,conc5tration ,camp4 ,ref]5ce3 ,p]sonal discussion ( ! #i? in/4 ,brigadefuehr]1 ,bas$ on my report t1 z propos$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 !re is a good possibility = c>ry+ out our milit>y sci5tific rese>* "w 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp1 ,i h]eby summ>ize :at awaits y\r approval3 #a4 ,in=mation to ! comm&]'s (fice1 ,natzweil] conc5tration camp3 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt1 ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,wimm]1 & ,dr4 ,kieselba* are au?oriz$ to ent] ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,dur+ _! activity 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp1 !y are to be provid$ ) accommodations & bo>d4 #b4 ,,ss ,ob]s*>fuehr] ,walb]t1 at pres5t supply s]geant 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp1 is to be deta*$ = s]vice ) ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>*1 ,p]sonal ,/aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,/rasb\rg-,natzweil] section4 ,walb]t w h to t5d ! animals "u ! sup]vision ( ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt4 ,x is reque/$ t ano!r man be assign$ to ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp 9 ord] to replace ,,ss ,ob]s*>fuehr] ,walb]t4 #c4 ,! transf] ( two prison]s f ! gr\p :i* has be5 tra9$ on ! microtome = pa?ological rese>* 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp is reque/$4 #d4 ,x is fur!rmore reque/$1 t a y\ng] physician be assign$ to assi/ ! camp m$ical (fic]1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,blanke1 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 #e4 ,! exp]im5ts :i* are to be p]=m$ on prison]s are to be c>ri$ out 9 f\r rooms ( an already exi/+ m$ical b>rack4 ,only slight *anges 9 ! con/ruction ( ! build+ are requir$1 9 p>ticul> ! in/allation ( ! hood :i* c be produc$ ) v little mat]ial4 ,9 accordance ) atta*$ plan ( ! con/ruction managem5t at ,natzweil]1 ,i reque/ t necess>y ord]s be issu$ to same to c>ry out ! recon/ruction4 #f4 ,all ! exp5ses aris+ out ( our activity at ,natzweil] w be cov]$ by ?is (fice4 ,i h already discuss$ ! acc\nt+ proc$ure ) ! adm9i/rative lead]1 ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,fas*+bau]4 ,9 conclusion ,i w\ld be v grateful to y1 my de> ,brigadefuehr]1 if y w\ld in=m ! comm&] ( ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp1 t y h approv$ ! execution ( ! "w at ,natzweil]1 j z x 0 discuss$ ) me !re1 & ab\t :i* ,i report$ to y 9 detail1 & t y desire t we be giv5 assi/ance 9 fulfill+ ! duties ) :i* we h be5 entru/$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,siev]s ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] #b4 ,to ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hirt ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,k>l ,,br&t #ab ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,def5se ,,exhibit #aa ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,wal!r ,,s*ieb] ,,on ,,8 ,,ef=ts ,,to ,,pur*ase ,,exp]im5tal ,,animals ,,9 ,,spa9 ,,& ,,br+ ,,!m ,,to ,,g]many ,affidavit #aaa ,i1 ,dr4 ,wal!r ,s*ieb]1 at pres5t 9 ,nu]nb]g1 ,ju/ice ,prison1 h be5 duly w>n$ t ,i am liable to puni%m5t if ,i make a false /atem5t4 ,i affirm "u oa? t my deposition corresponds to ! tru? & 0 made to be (f]$ 9 evid5ce be=e ,milit>y ,tribunal ,no4 ,i at ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice1 at ,nu]nb]g1 ,g]many4 ,dur+ ! summ] ( #aidd1 ,pr(essor ,k>l ,br&t in=m$ me dur+ discussions conc]n+ ! execution ( ! especially urg5tly op]at$ ,br&t--& def5se--program aga9/ *emical w>f>e ag5ts t he 0 hav+ consid]able difficulties 9 procur+ animals :i* 7 ne$$ = te/ purposes conc]n+ ! effect ( ! top *emical w>f>e ag5ts & = :i* he _h reque/s f te/+ (fice4 ,at t "t ! problem 0 h[ to conv]t ! production ( *emical w>f>e ag5ts on acc\nt ( raw mat]ial %ortage to ! production ( ! top *emical w>f>e ag5t ,s>91 ! effect ( :i* w\ld n yet be f9ally det]m9$4 ,to c>ry out ^! te/s1 an action to procure animals 0 />t$ by me 9 ,spa91 in/igat$ by ,pr(essor ,k>l ,br&t2 because ( ! biological reaction p>allels to human be+s1 apes resembl+ m5 7 alleg$ly ne$$4 ,an assi/ant 0 s5t !re especially = ?is purpose4 ,= ?is1 ! armam5t (fice (f]$ approximately #bjj1jjj ,swiss francs1 & aft] my resignation z ,*ief ( ! ,armam5t ,supply ,(fice 9 ,octob] #aidd f ! ,spe] ,m9i/ry ,i made /r5u\s ef=ts1 toge!r ) ,pr(essor ,k>l ,br&t1 to h a l>ge numb] ( animals br\ght by extremely difficult air transportation f ,spa9 to ,g]many4 ,^! 7 put at ,pr(essor ,k>l ,br&t's disposal = ! te/+ (fices4 ,sign$ ,,wal!r ,,s*ieb] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,k>l ,,br&t #aja ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,def5se ,,exhibit #da ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,otto ,,ambros1#ci #ba ,,april #aidg1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,urg5cy ,,( ,,exp]im5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,field ,,( ,,*emical ,,w>f>e ,,ag5ts ,,& ,,_! ,,c\nt]measures ,i1 ,dr4 ,otto ,ambros1 at pres5t 9 ,nu]nb]g1 ,ju/ice ,prison1 hav+ be5 duly in=m$ t ,i %all r5d] myself puni%able if ,i submit a false affidavit1 decl>e "u oa? t my /atem5t is true & 0 made = pres5tation 9 evid5ce to ,milit>y ,tribunal ,no4 ,i 9 ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice1 ,nu]nb]g1 ,g]many4 ,dur+ ! w> ,i 0 a director ( ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b5 & _h to "w on *emical w>f>e ag5ts & protective ag5ts1 & c !re=e /ate ! foll[+3 ,i got into t\* ) ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t dur+ #aidd4 ,on t occasion ,pr(essor ,br&t told me he _h to take an int]e/ 9 *emical w>f>e ag5ts & c\nt]measures4 ,at ! same "t he %[$ me a lett] f ,adolf ,hitl] ref]r+ to ?is subject4 ,fur!rmore1 he /at$ t he did n und]/& v mu* ab\t *emical w>f>e1 z he 0 n an analytical *emi/4 ,8 prim>y conc]n 9 ?is field 0 ! "q ( ! supply ( mat]ials = gas masks1 i4 e41 activat$ *>coal & ! syn!tic mat]ials & textiles :i* are necess>y = ^!4 ,pr(essor ,br&t visit$ two poison gas plants at ,dyh]rnfur? & ,g5dorf1 to become g5]ally acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( poison gas itself4 ,!re 0 ! greate/ uneas9ess at t "t reg>d+ protection aga9/ *emical w>f>e1 z x 0 ?\ght t ! ,allies w\ld use poison gas4 ,x 0 said t !y _h br\ght poison gas ov] ) !m :5 !y l&$ at ,tunis4 ,x 0 also said t ! ,russians _h new gas masks :i* fact po9t$ to ! possibility ( ! use ( a new k9d ( poison gas4 ,on ! ,g]man side1 !re 0 def9itely a s]i\s %ortage ( *emical w>f>e protective equipm5t1 z n ev5 ! mo/ urg5tly ne$$ gas masks 7 available1 nor 0 x ev5 possible to produce ! requir$ numb]4 ,nu]nb]g1 #ba ,april #aidg4 ,signature ,,dr4 ,,otto ,,ambros ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,k>l ,,br&t #ajc ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,def5se ,,exhibit #db ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,walt] ,,miel5z1 #ba ,,april #aidg1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,assignm5t ,,( ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,9 ,,connection ,,) ,,*emical ,,w>f>e ,i1 ,dr4 ,walt] ,miel5z1 born #bj ,novemb] #ahhh 9 ,b]l91 resid+ 9 ,b]l9-,fri$5au1 ,cecili5ga]t5 #de 7bus9ess address3 ,b]l9-,li*t]felde ,w1 ,kadett5weg #fg1 ,telephone #bdebah71 h be5 duly advis$ t ,i %all r5d] myself liable to puni%m5t if ,i give a false affidavit4 ,i decl>e "u oa? t my /atem5t is true & 0 made to be submitt$ 9 evid5ce to ,milit>y ,tribunal ,no4 ,i1 at ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice1 ,nu]nb]g1 ,g]many4 ,f #aicc to #aide ,i work$ at ! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/ry z an analytical *emi/1 te*nical advisor on ! "q ( ! protection ( ! civilian population aga9/ gas4 ,i am famili> ) ! decree ( #a ,m>* #aidd 9 :i* special tasks 7 assign$ to ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t 9 connection ) *emical w>f>e4 ,z f> z ,i rememb]1 ! decree 0 word$ approximately z foll[s3 8,i h ord]$ my ,commission] ,g5]al = ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vice 7,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t7 to take a major "p 9 all matt]s conc]n+ protection aga9/ *emical w>f>e 7( ! army & ! civilian population7 & to issue ord]s to ! /ations 7milit>y & civilian7 e/abli%$ = ?is purpose4 ,9 que/ions ( ! protection ( ! civilian population aga9/ *emical w>f>e1 he mu/ obta9 9 advance ! approval ( ! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/] & ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,luftwaffe40 ,! decree c]ta9ly did n conta9 any ord] = rese>* 9 connection ) *emical w>f>e ag5ts4 ,! reason = ! appo9tm5t ( ,pr(essor ,k>l ,br&t 0 ! assumption t ! initiation ( *emical w>f>e by ! enemy 0 %ortly to be expect$4 ,?is assumption 0 bas$ on ! fact t intellig5ce 0 accumulat+1 accord+ to :i* gas 0 be+ prep>$ 9 l>ge quantities by ! enemy4 ,?us confid5tial ag5ts report$ t poison gas ammunition 0 be+ /or$ at ,tunis & ,dak>1 & ^! reports 7 con/antly be+ confirm$4 ,! greate/ al>m 0 caus$ by ! exam9ation ( captur$ ,russian gas masks1 :i* %[$ t !y af=d$ protection aga9/ f> /rong] conc5trations ( poison gas ?an x _h s f> be5 believ$ possible to a*ieve at ! front4 ,_! protective capacity f> surpass$ t ( ! ,g]man ,army & civilian gas masks4 ,f ?is fact1 x c\ld be conclud$ t ! sci5ti/s & te*nicians ( ! ,r$ ,army _h succe$$ 9 develop+ new & p>ticul>ly effective me?ods ( attack 9 *emical w>f>e = kn[n or new *emical w>f>e ag5ts4 ,! ,g]man measures = gas def5se 7 totally inadequate 9 numb]1 too4 ,! civilian population 9 p>ticul> 0 expos$ almo/ )\t def5se to gas attacks because ! issue ( civilian & infants' gas masks 9 _m t[n & c\ntry di/ricts 0 s]i\sly beh9d s*$ule4 ,! relevant figures = civilian gas masks 9 ! diff]5t supply areas 7 betwe5 #aj & #gj p]c5t ( ! population to be equipp$1 ! av]age figure be+ ab\t #cb p]c5t1 & = infants' gas masks1 ab\t #g p]c5t4 ,?is e/imate is bas$ on ! total numb] ( civilian & infants' gas masks manufactur$ up to t date1 9 relation to ! total numb] ( p]sons entitl$ to supply4 ,?is e/imate did n take into consid]ation ! fact t1 )\t d\bt a l>ge "p ( ! equipm5t :i*1 9 "s cases _h be5 9 ! h&s ( ! population = ye>s1 0 no long] completely fit = use on acc\nt ( faulty unsuitable /orage1 or _h be5 r5d]$ useless by air raid damage1 evacuation ( ! own]s1 & o!r reasons1 or lo/ completely4 ,! losses 9 civilian gas masks 7 e/imat$ at ab\t #ae1jjj1jjj 7almo/ #ej p]c5t ( ! total output up to t date7 s t = ! completion ( ! initial equipm5t 7)\t res]ves7 ! manufacture ( #de1jjj1jjj gas masks _h to be plann$4 ,9 view ( ^! facts1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t 0 assign$ ! task ( provid+ ) ! utmo/ spe$ = ! improvem5t ( gas def5se to av]t ! dang] :i* ?reat5$4 ,?r\gh ! initiative ( ,pr(essor ,br&t1 ! gas def5se program 0 f9ally giv5 ! highe/ priority & _h an equal /&+ ) ! program = ! con/ruction ( fight] planes & tanks4 ,i "k t ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t 0 mo/ /rongly oppos$ to ! propag&a dem& spread by extreme ,p>ty circles = ! initiation ( *emical w>f>e by ,g]many4 ,i regul>ly _h to "w ) ,pr(essor ,k>l ,br&t on gas def5se & ,i "k t 9 view ( _! importance & urg5cy1 he dispat*$ all matt]s himself4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,sci5ce & ,rese>* & its *ief1 ,pr(essor ,ro/ock1 7 n conc]n$ ) ^! matt]s4 ,! ,n-ag5t 0 n "o ( ! *emical w>f>e ag5ts4 ,x is an inc5di>y ag5t compos$ ( *lor9e & fluor9e 7,cl,f#c72 ?is ,n-ag5t has nev] be5 m5tion$ 9 connection ) gas def5se4 ,i "k t !re exi/$ 9 ! ,armam5t ,m9i/ry a special commission = ! decontam9ation ( dr9k+ wat]2 ?is _h nei!r be5 e/abli%$ by ,pr(essor ,br&t nor 0 x "u 8 comm&4 ,! task ( ?is commission 0 ! production ( decontam9ation equipm5t b n ! developm5t ( su* equipm5t1 & especially n ! developm5t ( new processes = ! decontam9ation ( wat]4 ,! repeat$ sugge/ions made by ,pr(essor ,haase 9 ?is context 7 !re=e beyond ! field ( activity ( ! commission4 ,!y 7 discuss$1 h[ev]1 at a meet+ 9 ,decemb] #aidd1 at :i* ,i 0 pres5t4 ,at ?is meet+ ! repres5tatives ( ! army & ! air raid protection s]vice /at$ t = _! sph]e1 i4 e41 = ! gas def5se ( ! troops & ! civilian population1 !re 0 no ne$ to cont9ue ?is "w4 ,pr(essor ,br&t :o 0 pres5t at ! meet+ _h already agre$ 9 advance ) ! g5]al op9ion t ! ef=ts ( ,haase did n admit ( ! expectation ( any improvem5t on ! exp]i5ces pres5t$ = consid]ation1 & t !y %\ld !re=e be reject$4 ,he !re=e ask$ me to "w t[>ds ?is end4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 ! commission 0 nev] conc]n$ ) sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 ,9 p>ticul>1 to my k1 ! commission _h no k ( human exp]im5ts = ! te/+ ( ag5ts design$ to r5d] sea-wat] potable4 ,i c /ate ) c]ta9ty t ! und]tak+ ( gas exp]im5ts on human subjects 0 nev] spok5 ( by ,pr(essor ,br&t & myself4 ,moreov]1 dur+ discussions ) army exp]ts conc]n$ ) gas def5se & *emical w>f>e1 ,i nev] he>d t ,pr(essor ,br&t 9 any way sugge/$ human exp]im5ts or o!rwise spoke ( su* exp]im5ts4 ,nu]nb]g1 #ba ,april #aidg ,signature ,,dr4 ,,walt] ,,miel5z ----- #ci ,def5dant 9 case ( ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,c>l ,krau*1 et al4 ,see ,vols4 ,,vii & ,,viii4 #e4 ,,sulfanilamide ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants1 ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,s*ro$]1 ,g5zk51 ,gebh>dt1 ,blome1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 ,ob]heus]1 & ,fis*] 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ sulfanilamide exp]im5ts 7p>4 #f 7,e7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,dur+ ! trial ! prosecution )drew ?is *>ge 9 ! cases ( ,s*ro$]1 ,blome1 & ,beck]-,freys5g4 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,mrug[sky1 ,ob]heus]1 & ,fis*] 7 convict$ & ! def5dants ,ro/ock1 ,g5zk51 & ,popp5dick 7 acquitt$4 ,reg>d+ ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 ! judgm5t makes no ref]5ce to ?is *>ge4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its f9al brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,an extract f t brief is set =? bel[ on pages #cee to #cfd4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! clos+ brief = ! def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #cfd to #cgj4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #cga to #cia4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt 99 99 99 99 99 ,a4 ,,sulfanilamide ,,exp]im5ts ,exp]im5ts to te/ ! effectiv5ess ( sulfanilamide on infections 7 conduct$ 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp f #bj ,july #aidb until ,augu/ #aidc4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ by ! def5dants ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 & ,ob]heus]4 7,,no-#bbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjf47 ,gebh>dt p]sonally reque/$ ,himml]'s p]mission to c>ry out ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts & _! execution 0 8 responsibility4 7,tr4 pp4 #djbd-e47 ,he himself c>ri$ out ! initial op]ations4 7,tr4 p4 #djcb47 ,! exp]im5tal subjects consi/$ ( #ae male conc5tration camp inmates1 :o 7 us$ dur+ ! prelim9>y exp]im5ts 9 ,july #aidb1 & #fj ,poli% wom5 :o 7 exp]im5t$ on 9 #e gr\ps ( #ab subjects ea*4 ,! purpose ( ! exp]im5ts 0 /at$ 9 a prelim9>y report by ,gebh>dt dat$ #bi ,augu/ #aidb1 9 :i* he /at$3 8,by ord] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,i />t$ on #bj ,july #aidb at ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp = wom5 on a s]ies ( cl9ical exp]im5ts ) ! aim ( analyz+ ! sickness kn[n z gas gangr5e1 :i* does n take a uni=m c\rse1 & to te/ ! efficacy ( ! kn[n !rapeutic m$icam5ts4 8,9 addition1 ! simple infections ( injuries :i* occur z symptoms 9 w> surg]y _h also to be te/$2 & a new *emo-!rapeutic treatm5t1 ap>t f ! kn[n surgical measures1 _h to be tri$ out40 7,,no-#bgcd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dgc47 ,! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts1 z sub/antially all ( ! exp]im5ts ) :i* ! case is conc]n$1 7 directly relat$ to ! ,g]man w> ef=t4 ,alli$ propag&a ab\t ! 8miracle drug0 sulfanilamide 0 hav+ consid]able effect on ! confid5ce ( ! ,g]man soldi]s 9 _! m$ical (fic]s4 ,heavy casualties _h be5 su/a9$ f gas gangr5e on ! ,russian front 9 ! w9t] ( #aida-db4 ,! !oretical "q to be answ]$ by ^! exp]im5ts 0 :e!r ! w\nd$ %\ld be treat$ surgically 9 ! front l9e hospitals or %\ld be treat$ by field m$ical (fic]s ) sulfanilamide & !n s5t d[n ! long l9es ( communication to a base hospital = fur!r treatm5t4 7,tr4 pp4 #djaj-ad47 ,! same report cit$ above /ates t ! def5dant ,fis*] 0 appo9t$ by ,gebh>dt z 8 assi/ant2 ,dr4 ,blum5reut]1 a subord9ate ( ! def5dant ,g5zk51 made available ! surgical in/rum5ts & m$ic9es2 ! def5dant ,mrug[sky put 8 laboratory & co-work]s at ! disposal ( ,gebh>dt2 & ,dr4 ,loll+1 *ief m$ical (fic] ( all conc5tration camps1 assign$ ,dr4 ,s*i$lausky & ! def5dant ,ob]heus] z co-work]s4 ,?is prelim9>y report conc]ns itself ) ! e>ly exp]im5ts on #ae male subjects to det]m9e a mode ( infection ) gangr5e4 ,gebh>dt 0 assi/$ by ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 :i* made available ! bact]ia & gave advice on ! me?od ( br++ ab\t gangr5e infection artificially4 ,! exp]im5tal te*nique 0 describ$ 9 ! report z foll[s3 8,! po9t 0 to implant ! lymph cultures on ! damag$ muscle tissue1 to isolate ! latt] f atmosph]ic & humoral oxyg5 supply1 & to subject x to int]nal tissue pressure4 ,! inoculation proc$ure 0 z foll[s3 a longitud9al cut ( #aj c5timetres ov] ! musculus p]oneus longus2 aft] incision into ! fascia ! muscle 0 ti$ up ) =ceps 9 an area ! size ( a five-,m>k piece2 an anaemic p]iph]al zone 0 creat$ by injection ( #c cc4 adr5al9 & 9 ! area ( ! damag$ muscle ! inoculation mat]ial 7a gauze /rip saturat$ ) bact]ia7 0 imb$d$ "u ! fascia1 subcutane\s adipose tissue & sk9 sutur$ 9 lay]s40 7,,no-#bgcd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dgc47 ,9 ! fir/ s]ies ( exp]im5ts ! subjects 7 infect$ ) /aphylococci1 /reptococci1 p>a o$ema malignum1 bact]ia ,fra5kel1 & e>?4 ,! result+ infections 7 n consid]$ s]i\s en\gh1 & a conf]5ce 0 held ) ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss & ! bact]ia us$ 9 br++ ab\t ! infections 7 *ang$4 ,six additional male subjects 7 !n infect$1 b aga9 ! results 7 n consid]$ s]i\s en\gh4 ,aft] fur!r consultation ) ! collaborators 9 ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ! infecti\s mat]ial 0 *ang$ by add+ wood %av+s4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ^! exp]im5ts ! subjects 7 treat$ ) v>i\s types ( sulfanilamides1 includ+ catoxyn & m>fanil-prontalb91 ! latt] be+ /rongly recomm5d$ by ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 ,ef=ts cont9u$ to make ! gangr5e infection m s]i\s1 & ! report conclud$ ) ! foll[+ p>agraph3 8,we are n[ inve/igat+ ! problem z to :y ! gangr5e 9 ! pres5t cases did n fully develop4 ,!re=e1 ! injur+ ( ! tissue & ! exclusion ( a muscle f ! circulation ( ! blood 7 und]tak5 dur+ a sep>ate op]at+ session1 & ! l>ge-scale necrosis result+ !refrom1 0 to be inoculat$ ) bact]ia /ra9 :i* _h already _h "o human passage4 ,= x is only :5 ! really def9ite cl9ical picture ( ! gangr5e has appe>$ t conclusions may be drawn on !rapy ) *emo-!rapeutics 9 connection ) surgical op]ations40 ,emphasis suppli$4 7,,no-#bgcd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dgc47 ,?is report 0 c]tifi$ z a correct copy by ! def5dant ,popp5dick4 ,9 8 zeal\sness to protect 8 fell[ def5dants1 ,gebh>dt te/ifi$ t nei!r ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss nor ! def5dant ,mrug[sky play$ any "p 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 & t ! infecti\s mat]ial 0 s5t to him by ,grawitz4 7,tr4 p4 #dagi47 ,?is is cle>ly contradict$ by 8 own report cit$ above4 ,foll[+ ! conclusion ( ! prelim9>y exp]im5ts on ! male prison]s1 exp]im5ts 7 cont9u$ on female ,poli% inmates4 ,! affidavit ( ! def5dant ,fis*] /ates t ?ree s]ies ( op]ations 7 p]=m$1 ea* involv+ #aj p]sons1 "o us+ ! bact]ial culture & fragm5ts ( wood1 ! second us+ bact]ial culture & fragm5ts ( glass1 & ! ?ird us+ culture plus glass & wood4 7,,no-#bbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjf47 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 und]tak5 dur+ ! mon? ( ,augu/ #aidb4 ,:ile ,fis*] speaks ( exp]im5tal gr\ps ( #aj p]sons ea*1 ! def5dant ,gebh>dt te/ifi$ t ! gr\ps 7 compos$ ( #ab exp]im5tal subjects4 7,tr4 p4 #djef47 ,on #c ,septemb] #aidb1 aft] #cf wom5 _h be5 exp]im5t$ on1 ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,grawitz visit$ ,rav5sbrueck & inspect$ ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,he ask$ ,gebh>dt h[ _m dea?s _h occurr$1 & :5 x 0 report$ t !re _h be5 none1 he /at$ t ! exp]im5ts did n con=m to battlefield conditions4 7,,no-#bbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjf2 ,tr4 p4 #djeg47 ,9 ord] to make ! gangr5e infections /ill m sev]e1 a new s]ies ( exp]im5ts involv+ #bd ,poli% female inmates 0 c>ri$ out4 ,9 ?is s]ies ! circulation ( blood ?r\gh ! muscles 0 int]rupt$ 9 ! area ( infection by ty+ (f ! muscles on ei!r end4 ,?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts result$ 9 v s]i\s infections & a numb] ( dea?s occurr$4 7,,no-#bbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjf47 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 & ,ob]heus] all admit t ?ree ( ! exp]im5tal subjects di$ z a result ( ! exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#bbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjf2 ,tr4 pp4 #djei1 #edib47 ,o!r evid5ce1 h[ev]1 proves t five di$ z a direct result ( ! exp]im5ts & six 7 execut$ by %oot+ at a lat] date4 7,tr4 pp4 #adch1 #addi1 #gig1 #hde1 #hfc47 ,f\r ( ! ,poli% wom5 :o 7 subject$ to ^! exp]im5ts te/ifi$ be=e ! ,tribunal4 ,mo/ ( ! wom5 :o 7 us$ z subjects _h be5 active 9 a resi/ance movem5t4 7,tr4 pp4 #ghg1 #haf1 #hdj1 #heg47 ,only heal?y inmates 7 us$4 7,tr4 pp4 #ghf1 #hae1 #hcf1 #hef1 #hfj-a47 ,none ( !m volunte]$ = ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #ghi1 #hai1 #hdb1 #hdd-e1 #hfa47 ,on ! contr>y1 !y prote/$ aga9/ ! exp]im5ts bo? orally & 9 writ+4 7,tr4 pp4 #ghi1 #gid1 #hbc-e47 ,!y /at$ t !y w\ld h pref]r$ dea? to cont9u$ exp]im5ts1 s9ce !y 7 conv9c$ t !y 7 to die 9 any ev5t4 7,tr4 pp4 #gie1 #hbd1 #hfc47 ,!y te/ifi$ t #gd ,poli% wom51 #a ,g]man1 & #a ,ukra9ian woman 7 exp]im5t$ ^u4 7,tr4 pp4 #adch1 #gif1 #hah1 #hfb47 ,s9ce ,gebh>dt plac$ ! total numb] ( ,poli% female exp]im5tal subjects 9 ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts at #fj1 ! additional #af wom5 m5tion$ by ! witnesses may well h be5 subjects 9 ! bone1 muscle1 & n]ve reg5]ation exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #adfb47 ,! witness ,kusmi]czuk 0 "o ( ! subjects 9 ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts4 ,%e is a ,poli% national & arriv$ 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp 9 ! fall ( #aida4 7,tr4 p4 #heg47 ,%e 0 op]at$ on 9 ,octob] #aidb & a sev]e infection develop$ 9 h] case4 7,tr4 p4 #heh47 ,%e rema9$ 9 ! hospital f ,octob] #aidb until ,april #aidc1 b h] w\nd 0 /ill n heal$ at ! "t %e 0 dis*>g$ f ! hospital4 ,h] condition det]iorat$ & %e 0 readmitt$ to ! hospital on #a ,septemb] #aidc4 7,tr4 p4 #hfj47 ,%e left ! hospital ! second "t 9 ,febru>y #aidd1 b h] w\nd did n f9ally heal until ,june #aidd4 7,tr4 p4 #hfa47 ,%e id5tifi$ ! def5dants ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 & ,ob]heus] z hav+ p>ticipat$ 9 ! exp]im5t ^u h]4 7,tr4 p4 #hfj47 ,kusmi]czuk suff]$ p]man5t injuries z a result ( ?is exp]im5t1 & h] condition 0 describ$ by ! exp]t witness ,dr4 ,leo ,alex&]4 7,tr4 pp4 #hfd-i47 ,! po/-op]ational c>e ( ?is woman 0 n h&l$ by ,gebh>dt & ,fis*]1 b by ! camp doctors4 ,on ! occasion ( h] second admission to ! hospital 9 ,septemb] #aidc1 ,kusmi]czuk 0 op]at$ on by ,dr4 ,treite 9 an ef=t to cure ! deep-seat$ infection4 7,tr4 p4 #hfa47 ,see photographs1 pp4 #hih to #ijh4 ,! exp]t witness ,maczka1 :o work$ z an ,x-ray te*nician 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts1 te/ifi$ conc]n+ dea?s ( ! five ,poli% exp]im5tal subjects result+ f ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts4 ,w]onica ,kraska develop$ typical tetanus symptoms a few days aft] ! exp]im5tal op]ation 0 p]=m$ on h]4 ,aft] a brief illness %e di$ "u cramps caus$ by tetanus4 7,tr4 p4 #adch47 ,kazimi]a ,kur[ska 0 artificially infect$ ) gangr5e bacillus4 ,%e 0 a heal?y ,poli% girl ( #bc ye>s4 ,f day to day h] leg became black] & m swoll54 ,%e 0 giv5 c>e = only ! fir/ few days4 ,aft] t %e 0 tak5 to ,room #d 9 ! hospital :]e %e lay = days 9 unbelievable pa9 & f9ally di$4 ,maczka 0 able to obs]ve ?is case p]sonally & 9 h] op9ion imm$iate amputation w\ld h sav$ h] life4 7,tr4 pp4 #adci-dj47 ,x is q cle> t if a ,g]man soldi]'s life _h be5 endang]$ by gangr5e infection1 an amputation w\ld h be5 und]tak5 imm$iately4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t1 :]e ! v ef=t 0 to develop a s]i\s gangr5e infection & to te/ ! effects ( sulfanilamide prep>ations1 x is equally cle> :y ! leg ( ,kur[ska 0 n amputat$4 ,aniela ,lefan[icz 0 infect$ ) o$ema malignum4 ,h] leg kept swell+ m & m1 ! blood vessels erod$1 & %e di$ f ble$+4 ,maczka te/ifi$ t ! blood vessels %\ld h be5 ti$ (f & an amputation c>ri$ out 9 ord] to save h] life4 ,%e 0 completely neglect$ aft] ! fir/ #b or #c days4 7,tr4 pp4 #addj-a47 ,z(ia ,kiecol di$ "u simil> circum/ances4 7,tr4 p4 #adda47 ,alfr$a ,prus 0 infect$ ) o$ema malignum ! same day z ! witnesses ,kusmi]czuk1 ,kiecol1 & ,lefan[icz4 ,%e 0 a beautiful1 "y #ba-ye>-old girl1 & a univ]sity /ud5t4 ,%e prov$ to be /rong] ?an ,kiecol & ,lefan[icz & = t reason %e liv$ a few days long]4 ,%e suff]$ t]rible pa9 & f9ally di$ ( hemorrhage4 7,tr4 pp4 #aadb-c47 ,kusmi]czuk 0 ! only subject to survive t s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #addc47 ,x is h>dly necess>y to po9t out t all ( ! exp]im5tal subjects suff]$ sev]e pa9 & torture4 7,tr4 pp4 #gij-a1 #hjb1 #hbj1 #hdb1 #hei2 ,,no-#hgf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbe2 ,,no-#hga1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbg2 ,,no-#hgg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbh47 ,! ,tribunal 0 able to obs]ve = itself ! mutilations to :i* ! ,poli% witnesses 7 subject$1 & pictures ( _! sc>s 7 introduc$ to =m a p]man5t "p ( ! record4 7,,no-#ajgi;a1 b1 & c1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bji2 ,,no-#ajha;a1 & b1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #baa2 ,,no-#ajhb;a1 b1 & c1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bad2 ,,no-#ajhj;a-g1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bai47 ,! po/-op]ational c>e ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 0 entirely inadequate4 7,,no-#hgc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbf47 ,_m ( ! subjects 7 giv5 nei!r m$ic9e nor morph9e by ord] ( def5dant ,ob]heus]4 7,,no-#hgg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbh47 ,!y 7 giv5 b&ages f "t to "t :5 ! doctors felt l x4 ,sometimes !y wait$ #c days1 sometimes #d days4 ,!re 0 a t]rible odor ( pus 9 ! rooms4 ,! girls 7 =c$ to help ea* o!r4 7,tr4 p4 #addd47 ,po/-op]ational c>e1 su* z x 01 0 adm9i/]$ by ! camp doctors4 ,! witness ,broel-,plat] te/ifi$ t3 8,my leg pa9$ me2 ,i felt sev]e pa91 & blood fl[$ f my leg4 ,at night we 7 all alone )\t any c>e4 ,i he>d only ! scream+ ( my fell[ prison]s1 & ,i he>d also t !y ask$ = wat]4 ,!re 0 nobody to give u any wat] or b$ pans40 7,tr4 p4 #gij47 ,! witness ,k>olewska te/ifi$ t3 8,i 0 9 my room & ,i made ! rem>k to fell[ prison]s t we _h be5 op]at$ on "u v bad conditions & 7 left "h 9 ?is room1 & t we 7 n giv5 ev5 ! possibility to recov]4 ,?is rem>k mu/ h be5 he>d by a ,g]man nurse :o 0 sitt+ 9 ! corridor because ! door ( our room lead+ to ! corridor 0 op54 ,! ,g]man nurse ent]$ ! room & told u to get up & dress4 ,we answ]$ t we c\ld n foll[ h] ord] because we _h great pa9s 9 our legs & c\ld n walk4 ,!n ! ,g]man nurse came into our room ) ,dr4 ,ob]heus]4 ,dr4 ,ob]heus] told u to dress & g to ! dress+ room4 ,we put on our dresses2 &1 be+ unable to walk1 we _h to hop on "o leg go+ to ! op]at+ room4 ,aft] "o hop we _h to re/4 ,dr4 ,ob]heus] did n all[ anybody to help u4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ! op]at+ room q exhau/$1 ,dr4 ,ob]heus] appe>$ & told u to g back because a *ange ( dress+ w\ld n take place t day4 ,i c\ld n walk1 b somebody1 a prison] ^: "n ,i d n rememb]1 help$ me to get back to ! room40 7,tr4 p4 #hbb47 ,at lea/ five human lives 7 sacrific$ 9 ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts1 :ile an additional six 7 %ot aft] hav+ surviv$ ! op]ations4 ,all ! surviv+ victims suff]$ t]rible pa9s & 7 crippl$ = life4 ,nev]!less1 ! exp]im5ts 7 n ev5 sci5tifically successful4 ,! results1 z report$ by ,gebh>dt & ,fis*] at ! ,?ird ,conf]5ce ( ! ,consult+ ,physicians ( ! ,wehrma*t at ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy 9 ,b]l9 9 ,may #aidc1 7 n adopt$1 & m$ical directives 7 issu$ :i* requir$ ! cont9u$ use ( sulfanilamide4 7,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] #c1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #aj47 ,! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts 7 entirely unnecess>y1 s9ce simil> results c\ld h be5 a*iev$ by ! treatm5t ( w\nd infections ( ,g]man soldi]s normally contract$ dur+ ! c\rse ( ! w>4 7,tr4 pp4 #cccd1 #ccch47 ,gebh>dt does n s]i\sly cont5d t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 volunte]s4 ,he admitt$ t he did n "k :e!r ! wom5 cons5t$4 ,he te/ifi$ he 0 n int]e/$ 9 t4 ,he left x to ! 8legal au?orities40 ,he did n discuss ?is matt] ) ,himml]4 7,tr4 p4 #dbad47 ,by legal au?orities1 ,gebh>dt meant ,himml] :o1 z he said1 8_h ! p[] to execute ?\s&s ( p by a /roke ( 8 p540 7,tr4 p4 #djbe47 ,gebh>dt1 h[ev]1 %[$ no int]e/ :atev] 9 ! moral or legal "* ( t p[]4 ,at "o po9t 9 8 te/imony1 he /at$ t ! subjects 7 nonvolunte]s =c$ to submit to ! exp]im5ts by ! ,/ate4 7,tr4 p4 #djfd47 ,at /ill ano!r po9t1 !y 7 8m or less volunte]s1 condemn$ p]sons40 7,tr4 p4 #djba47 ,gebh>dt's def5se1 if x c be dignifi$ ) t ^w1 is r t ! ,poli% wom5 _h be5 condemn$ to dea? = p>ticipation 9 a resi/ance movem5t & t by und]go+ ! exp]im5ts1 volunt>ily or o!rwise1 !y 7 to h _! dea? s5t5ces commut$ to "s less] degree ( puni%m5t :]eby !y w\ld at lea/ n be execut$4 ,?is 0 no b>ga9 rea*$ ) ! exp]im5tal subjects2 _! wi%es 7 n consult$ 9 ! matt]4 ,x 01 accord+ to ,gebh>dt1 left to ! good fai? ( someone unnam$ to see to x ! dea? s5t5ce 0 n c>ri$ out on ! survivors ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,c]ta9ly ,gebh>dt assum$ no responsibility1 or ev5 int]e/1 9 ?is matt]4 ,! prosecution po9ts out1 9 connection ) ?is alleg$ def5se1 t ! pro( %[s t ! exp]im5tal subjects :o te/ifi$ be=e ?is ,tribunal 7 nev] s mu* z accord$ a trial2 !y _h no opportunity to def5d !mselves aga9/ :atev] crimes !y 7 said to h committ$4 ,!y 7 simply arre/$ & int]rogat$ by ! ,ge/apo 9 ,pol& & s5t to a conc5tration camp4 ,!y _h nev] s mu* z be5 in=m$ t !y _h be5 m>k$ =1 n s5t5c$ to1 dea?4 7,tr4 p4 #hca47 ,article #cj ( ! ,regulations ,respect+ ! ,laws & ,cu/oms ( ,w> on ,l& annex$ to ! ,hague ,conv5tion expressly provides t ev5 a spy 8%all n be puni%$ )\t previ\s trial40 ,! alleg$ def5se ( ,gebh>dt is accord+ly )\t m]it4 ,gebh>dt w\ld h ! ,tribunal believe t b = ! exp]im5ts all ^! ,poli% girls w\ld be dead2 t he pres]v$ ! evid5ce n[ be+ us$ aga9/ him4 ,no?+ c\ld be fur!r f ! tru?4 ,!re is no pro( 9 ! record t ^! wom5 w\ld h be5 execut$ if !y _h n und]gone ! exp]im5ts4 ,! witness ,maczka is liv+ pro( ( ! contr>y4 ,%e 0 arre/$ = resi/ance activities on #aa ,septemb] #aida1 & %ipp$ to ,rav5sbrueck on #ac ,septemb]4 7,tr4 p4 #adcc47 ,%e 0 n an exp]im5tal subject yet %e lives today4 ,sub/antially all ! ,poli% exp]im5tal subjects arriv$ 9 ,rav5sbrueck 9 ,septemb] #aida4 7,tr4 pp4 #ghh1 #hag1 #hdj47 ,^! girls _h n be5 execut$ by ,augu/ #aidb :5 ! exp]im5ts began4 ,inde$1 x 0 a surprise to ,gebh>dt1 accord+ to 8 te/imony1 t !y 7 us$ at all s9ce dur+ ,july #aidb ! exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ on m54 ,!re 7 "s #gjj ,poli% girls 9 t transport4 7,,no-#hgg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbh2 ,tr4 p4 #dbaf47 ,!re is no evid5ce t a sub/antial numb] 7 ev] execut$ ev5 ?\gh mo/ ( !m 7 n exp]im5t$ on4 ,no1 ! pro( has %[n beyond controv]sy t ^! ,poli% wom5 c\ld n h be5 legally execut$4 ,! "r to grant p>dons 9 cases ( dea? s5t5ces 0 exclusively ve/$ 9 ,hitl] by a decree ( #a ,febru>y #aice1 ,rei* ,law ,gazette ,r,g,bl1 ,i1 page #gd4 7,,no-#cjgj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eca47 ,on #b ,may #aice1 ,hitl] delegat$ ! "r to make negative decisions on p>don applications to ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice4 7,,no-#cjga1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ecb47 ,on #cj ,janu>y #aidj 7,r,g,bl1 ,i1 p4 #cii71 ,hitl] delegat$ to ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al = ! occupi$ ,poli% t]ritories ! au?ority to grant p>dons & to make d5y+ decisions 9 p>don matt]s = ! occupi$ ,poli% t]ritories4 7,,no-#cjgb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ecc47 ,by edict1 dat$ #h ,m>* #aidj1 ,,vob#a ,,ggp ,i p4 #ii1 ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al ( occupi$ ,pol& ord]$ ) ref]5ce to ! execution ( ! "r to p>don 9 ! case ( dea? s5t5ces t3 8,! execution ( a dea? s5t5ce pron\nc$ by a regul> c\rt1 a special c\rt or a police c\rt m>tial %all take place only :5 my decision has be5 issu$ n to make use ( my "r to p>don40 ,emphasis suppli$4 7,,no-#cjgc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ecd47 ,assum+ argu5do t ! exp]im5tal subjects _h all committ$ sub/antial crimes1 t !y 7 all prop]ly tri$ by a duly con/itut$ c\rt ( law1 t !y 7 legally s5t5c$ to dea?1 x is /ill cle> f ! decrees set =? above t ^! wom5 c\ld n h be5 legally execut$ until su* "t z ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al ( occupi$ ,pol& _h decid$ 9 ea* case n to make use ( 8 p>don "r4 ,!re has be5 no pro( t ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al _h ev] act$ ) respect to p>don+ ! ,poli% wom5 us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts1 or1 = t matt]1 any sub/antial numb] ( ^? n us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts4 ,! only reason ^! #gjj ,poli% wom5 7 transport$ f ,w>saw & ,lubl9 to ,rav5sbrueck 0 because ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al _h n approv$ _! execution4 ,o!rwise !y w\ld h be5 imm$iately execut$ 9 ,pol&4 ,at ! v lea/1 ^! wom5 7 entitl$ to rema9 unmole/$ s long z ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al took no action4 ,he may nev] h act$ or1 :5 he did1 he may h act$ favorably on ! p>don4 ,! affidavit ( ,s*i$lausky1 ! camp doctor at ,rav5sbrueck1 %[s t ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al _h n turn$ d[n a p>don :5 ! exp]im5ts />t$4 ,he said on page f\r ( ! orig9al3 8,poli% wom5 :o _h be5 s5t5c$ to dea? by c\rt m>tial & :o 7 await+ execution1 aft] _! s5t5ces _h be5 approv$ by ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al1 7 *os5 z subjects40 7,,no-#ejh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbd47 ,at /ill a lat] po9t1 on page #ae ( ! orig9al1 he said3 8,dur+ my t\r ( duty at ,rav5sbrueck1 ,i e/imate t ab\t #be wom5 7 execut$ by %oot+4 ,!y 7 exclusively ,poli% wom51 :o 7 already prison]s1 ^: s5t5ces 7 only approv$ aft] a long "t by ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al40 ,emphasis add$4 ,s*i$lausky 0 9 ,rav5sbrueck f ,decemb] #aida until ! middle ( ,augu/ #aidc4 ,dur+ t long p]iod ( "t only #be ( ov] #gjj ,poli% inmates 7 made eligible = execution by action ( ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al4 ,:o is to say t ! majority ( ^! #gjj ,poli% wom5 did n live ?r\gh ! w> ev5 ?\gh !y did n und]go ! exp]im5ts8 ,c]ta9ly x 0 incumb5t on ! def5se to prove ! contr>y by a prepond]ance ( ! evid5ce4 ,?is x did n d by any evid5ce4 ,! def5dants ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 & ,ob]heus] _c claim t !y believ$ 9 good fai? t ! ,poli% wom5 c\ld h be5 legally execut$4 ,ev5 ! camp doctor ,s*i$lausky knew t ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al _h to approve ! execution4 ,moreov]1 ! l>ge numb] ( #gjj wom5 be+ s5t5c$ to dea? at ?is e>ly /age ( ! w> 0 en\gh to put any reasonable p]son on notice t some?+ 0 wrong4 ,additionally1 ! uncontradict$ evid5ce proves t survival ( ! exp]im5ts 0 no gu>antee :atev] ( avoid+ execution 9 any ev5t4 ,at lea/ six ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 execut$ aft] hav+ surviv$ ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #addi1 #gig1 #hde1 #hfc47 ,! names ( ! ,poli% girls :o 7 %ot 7 ,pajaczk[ska1 ,gans1 ,zielonka1 ,rak[ska1 ,sobolewska1 & ,gutek4 7,,no-#hgc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbf2 ,,no-#hfa1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bcb47 ,x 0 n a "q ( exp]im5tation or execution b exp]im5tation & execution4 ,inde$1 9 ,febru>y #aide1 an ef=t 0 made to execute all ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,!y 7 ord]$ to report to "o block & rema9 !re4 ,!y 7 in=m$ t !y w\ld be transf]r$ to ! ,gross-,ros5 conc5tration camp1 b x 0 common k t ,gross-,ros5 0 already 9 ! h&s ( ! ,allies4 ,!y1 !re=e1 knew t !y 7 go+ to be execut$ & s took diff]5t id5tification numb]s & hid !mselves4 ,?is 0 possible because ( disorganization 9 ! camp4 7,tr4 pp4 #adej-a1 #hfb-c2 ,,no-#hgf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbe2 ,,no-#hgg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbh47 ,if "o takes ! case ( ! def5se at its face value1 ! ,tribunal is 9 effect ask$ to rule t x is legal = milit>y doctors ( a nation at w> to exp]im5t on political prison]s ( an occupi$ c\ntry :o are condemn$ to dea?1 to exp]im5t on !m 9 su* a way t !y may suff] dea?1 excruciat+ pa91 mutilation1 & p]man5t disability--all ?is )\t _! cons5t & 9 direct aid ( ! milit>y pot5tial ( _! enemy4 ,!re is no valid reason = limit+ su* a decision to civilian prison]s2 ! exp]im5t w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 no worse _h x be5 p]=m$ on ,poli% or ,am]ican prison]s ( w>4 ,x is impossible to consid] s]i\sly ! rul+ be+ s\ght = by ! def5se4 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,sulfanilamide ,exp]im5ts ,( all m$ical exp]im5ts =m+ ! subjects ( ! indictm5t1 ! exp]im5ts = te/+ sulfanilamides 7 und\bt$ly ! mo/ directly connect$ ) ! w>4 ,! problem ( w\nd infection is "o ) :i* e nation at w> mu/ conc]n itself especially 9 mod]n w>f>e4 ,?is problem is n only "o ( great importance to ! life & heal? ( ! individual w\nd$ soldi]1 b x may h a decisive effect on ! /rategical position & on ! outcome ( ! w> itself ?r\gh ! resultant gaps 9 ! ranks4 ,already ! ,fir/ ,_w ,w> %[$ t ! majority ( soldi]s d n die on ! battlefield itself & t 9 mo/ cases dea? is n ! direct result ( a w\nd1 b t ! heavy losses mu/ be attribut$ to infection ( w\nds receiv$4 ,^! exp]i5ces h be5 confirm$ 9 ! ,second ,_w ,w> & ! special conditions prevail+ 9 ,russia & ! climatic conditions due to ! w9t] !re h %[n ev5 m ?an 9 ! ,fir/ ,_w ,w> t w\nd infection 0 a m$ical & tactical problem ( ! highe/ importance = ! troops & _! heal?4 ,z reg>ds details1 ,i ref] to /atem5ts made 9 ?is connection on ! witness /& by sev]al def5dants 9 ^! proce$+s4 ,consequ5tly1 x c\ld n come z a surprise t 9 ?is w>1 too1 ef=ts 7 made to deal ) w\nd infection n only by us+ surgical measures1 b t a way 0 s\ght to prev5t ! =mation & spread+ ( bact]ial infections or at lea/ to conf9e !m )9 reasonable limits by us+ *emical prep>ations4 ,su* ef=ts seem$ ! m call$ = z ! w> 9 ! ,ea/ n only meant an imm5se /ra9 on ! res\rces 9 mat]ial & p]sonnel 9 g5]al1 b also 9 view ( ! fact t especially ! supply ( ! army troops & ! ,waff5 ,,ss ) m$ical (fic]s &1 above all1 ) tra9$ field surgeons became m & m difficult4 ,_h x be5 possible to assi/ ! field m$ical (fic]s at ! front & at ! ma9 dress+ /ations ) a reliable & effective *emo-!rapeutic prep>ation aga9/ bact]ial w\nd infection1 progress ( va/ importance w\ld h be5 a*iev$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 x 0 impossible to ov]look ! fact t ! introduction ( a *emo-!rapeutic prep>ation :i* did n op]ate safely involv$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( dang] to an effective m$ical c>e ( ! w\nd$ & consequ5tly to ! w> pot5tial ( ! w\nd$ & consequ5tly to ! w> pot5tial ( ! ,g]man ,wehrma*t & its /rik+ p[]4 ,9 8 lecture on ! *emo-!rapy ( w\nd infection z deliv]$ be=e ! ,fir/ ,conf]5ce ,ea/ ( ! ,consult+ ,speciali/s on #ah ,may #aidc1 :i* ,i submitt$ z "p ( ! report deal+ ) ?is conf]5ce1 7,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] #a1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #f47 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,ro/ock ref]r$ to ! great dang] ( *emo-!rapy1 i4 e41 ! possibility 8( mak+ neglig5t physicians c>eless 9 ! surgical aspect ( w\nd dress+1 s9ce !y may place a c]ta9 tru/ 9 *emo-!rapy40 ,?is w>n+ 0 all ! m 9 ord] s9ce1 at t "t !re 0 n only complete unc]ta9ty z reg>ds ! effects ( sulfanilamides1 b also because !re 0 a div]g5ce 9 op9ions z to ! efficacy ( ?is prep>ation4 ,x has be5 cle>ly %[n by ! evid5ce t1 9 spite ( close obs]vation ( ! effects ( sulfanilamides 9 peace "t & 9 w>1 x 0 impossible to answ] ?is "q4 ,op9ions 7 v mu* divid$4 ,:ile "s 7 conv9c$ ( ! efficacy ( ^! prep>ations 9 connection ) w\nd infections1 & ascrib$ extraord9>ily good results to !m1 o!rs 7 ( ! op9ion t ^! *emical prep>ations c\ld at ! be/ be us$ z a supplem5t & t if us$ by !mselves1 !y did n h ! prop]ties to prev5t bact]ial infection result+ f combat w\nds4 ,) reg>d to ! details ,i ref] to ! /atem5ts ( ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,gebh>dt1 & ,fis*] & to ,gebh>dt ,exhibits #f1 #g1 & #aj z submitt$ by me dur+ ! he>+ ( ! evid5ce4 ,9 ?is respect1 x is highly int]e/+ to review ! sci5tific discussions ( ! consult+ speciali/s z conta9$ 9 ! report on ! ,fir/ ,conf]5ce ,ea/ on #ah & #ai ,may #aidb4 7,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] #a1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #f47 ,^! discussions :i* took place prior to ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts compris+ ! subject ( ! indictm5t give a true picture ( ! situation z x 0 at t "t ) reg>d to ! efficacy ( sulfanilamides4 ,9 ?is respect we are able to di/+ui% ?ree %>ply def9$ gr\ps4 ,9 ! gr\p :i* reject$ ! *emo-!rapeutic treatm5t ( w\nd infection1 ,geheimrat ,pr(essor ,sau]bru* 0 ! lead]4 ,he emphatically voic$ ! op9ion t ^! *emical prep>ations t5d to obscure surgical "w & to lead to p]functory treatm5t4 ,he reque/$ t ! prep>ations %\ld be critically te/$1 t is to say1 ! te/ %\ld be made by surgeons exp]i5c$ 9 g5]al surg]y4 ,9 ! o!r camp !re 7 surgeons :o claim$ to h obta9$ extraord9>ily favorable results 9 ! *emo-!rapeutical treatm5t ( bact]ially infect$ w\nds4 ,among !m 0 ,dr4 ,krueg]1 ! ,b]l9 pr(essor ( surg]y1 :o claim$ to h obs]v$ a favorable effect ( sulfanilamide 9 z _m z #e1jjj cases4 ,to ! ?ird gr\p belong$ ! surgeons1 bact]iologi/s1 & pa?ologi/s :o took ! view t no?+ def9ite c\ld be said z yet z to ! effects & ! efficacy ( sulfanilamides z ag5ts 9 ! fight aga9/ bact]ially infect$ w\nds & t fur!r te/s along ^! l9es w\ld h to be made4 ,?us x c be said t aft] ! exp]i5ces ( ! ,russian w9t] campaign ( #aida-aidb1 ! fight aga9/ bact]ial w\nd infections1 & ! "q ( ! efficacy ( ! sulfanilamides _h become a milit>y-m$ical & m$ical-tactical problem ( ! fir/ importance1 ab\t :i* op9ions diff]$ widely4 ,a solution ( ?is problem 0 ! m urg5t z an answ] _h to be f\nd quickly1 & on ! o!r h& ! fact 0 n to be disreg>d$ t ! exp]i5ces ga9$ dur+ ne>ly #aj ye>s ( peace & w> 9 cl9ics z well z 9 laboratories 7 insuffici5t to answ] ?is "q4 ,! ,ord] = ! ,execution ( ^! ,exp]im5ts ,! evid5ce has %[n t ! ord] to asc]ta9 ! effectiv5ess ( ! sulfanilamides by exp]im5ts on human be+s 0 giv5 directly by ! ,head ( ,/ate & ,supreme ,comm&] ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,hitl]'s ord] 0 n at fir/ submitt$ by ,himml] to ! def5dant ,gebh>dt1 b to ,dr4 ,grawitz1 ,rei* ,physician ( ! ,,ss & police4 ,h[ev]1 ! evid5ce %[$ fur!r t ano!r circum/ance arose :i* f ! po9t ( view ( "t at lea/ caus$ ! ord] = ^! exp]im5ts to be giv51 viz1 ! dea? ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice1 ,g5]al ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss ,re9h>dt ,heydri*1 :o 9 ,may #aidb 0 assass9at$ 9 ,prague4 ,= ! details ,i ref] to ! te/imony ( ,gebh>dt 9 ! witness box on ?is matt]4 ,heydri*'s dea? is connect$ ) ! exp]im5ts !mselves only ins(> z1 at t "t1 ! *>ge 0 level$ t ,heydri*'s life c\ld h be5 sav$ if sulfanilamides1 & especially a c]ta9 sulfanilamide prep>ation1 _h be5 adm9i/]$ to ! w\nd$ man 9 suffici5t quantities4 ,! :ole problem ( sulfanilamide !rapy came to ! =e once m 9 ?is "o case1 & !n 9 su* an obvi\s mann] t ! ,head ( ,/ate himself gave ! ord] to cl>ify by way ( all-out exp]im5ts ! "q :i* = a long "t _h be5 ( g5]al importance = ! fight+ troops at ! front4 ,)9 ! scope ( ?is evaluation ( evid5ce1 x is irrelevant to ent] into ! details :i* result$ 9 ! exp]im5ts be+ c>ri$ out by ! def5dant ,gebh>dt himself4 ,aga9/ ! /rict ord] ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,grawitz1 ,gebh>dt c>ri$ out ! exp]im5ts n by delib]ately inflict+ bullet w\nds b by caus+ an infection :ile obs]v+ all possible precaution>y measures4 ,x 0 fur!r %[n by ! evid5ce t ! exp]im5ts 7 />t$ ) #ae habitual crim9als :o _h be5 s5t5c$ to dea? & :o _h be5 transf]r$ f ! conc5tration camp ,sa*s5haus5 to ,rav5sbrueck4 ,9 view ( ! fact t ?is "p ( ! exp]im5t is n a subject ( ! indictm5t1 x seems to be unnecess>y to ent] into ?is matt]4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be kept 9 m9d t at ! conf]5ce on #a ,june #aidb1 at :i* ! conditions = ! exp]im5ts 7 det]m9$ 9 detail--! def5dant ,gebh>dt has describ$ ?is conf]5ce 9 detail & ,i am ref]r+ to ?is--x 0 und]/ood t ! exp]im5ts %\ld be c>ri$ out ) ! male habitual crim9als :o _h be5 s5t5c$ to dea? & :o 7 to be p>don$ 9 case ( survival4 ,! ,exp]im5tal ,arrangem5ts = ! ,sulfanilamide ,exp]im5ts ,x 0 %[n by ! evid5ce t ! exp]im5ts = te/+ ! effectiv5ess ( ! sulfanilamides 7 c>ri$ out 9 ?ree gr\ps4 ,! fir/ gr\p includ$ #ae m5 7habitual crim9als74 ,?is gr\p has no?+ to d ) ! *>ges ( ! indictm5t & x is !re=e sup]flu\s to ent] into ?is matt] m closely4 ,! second gr\p includ$ #cf female prison]s :o _h be5 memb]s ( ! ,poli% ,resi/ance ,movem5t & :o1 = ?is reason1 _h be5 s5t5c$ to dea? by ! ,g]man c\rt m>tial 9 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is second gr\p 0 divid$ into #c subgr\ps ( #ab exp]im5tal p]sons ea*4 ,z to ! p>ticul>s ( ! provisions = ! exp]im5ts1 ,i ref] to ! te/imony ( ! def5dants ,gebh>dt & ,fis*] 9 ! witness box4 ,contr>y to ! fir/ gr\p1 contact sub/ances 7 us$ 9 ?is second gr\p to accel]ate ! process ( infection4 ,! contact sub/ances 7 ins]t$ into ! op5 w\nd toge!r ) ! g]ms4 ,/]ile & pulv]iz$ glass & /]ile wood p>ticles 7 us$ z contact sub/ances4 ,^! contact sub/ances took ! place ( e>? & uni=m p>ticles & 7 to produce w>-l conditions = ! w\nds1 )\t1 h[ev]1 produc+ at ! same "t ! g5]al dang]s creat$ by infection ( ! w\nd by e>? & p>ts ( clo?+4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! fir/ gr\p1 /aphylococci1 /reptococci1 & gas gangr5e bacilli 7 us$ z ag5ts4 ,b ! cont5tion ( ! indictm5t t tetanus g]ms 7 also us$ is incorrect4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! evid5ce has prov$ t ! treatm5t ( tetanus did n come )9 ! scope ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,!re 0 all ! less reason = ?is z x 0 realiz$ long ago by ,g]man milit>y surg]y t ! sulfanilamide prep>ations are n suitable = ! effective prev5tion ( traumatic tetanus4 ,"h ,i ref] to ! directives = ! *emo-!rapeutical treatm5t ( w\nd infection :i* 7 issu$ at ! ,fir/ ,work+ ,conf]5ce ,ea/ ( ! ,consult+ ,speciali/s 9 ,may #aidc 7,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] #a1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #f7--t is prior to ! p]=mance ( ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts *>g$ 9 ! indictm5t4 ,9 ^! directives x is expressly po9t$ out t ! outbreak ( traumatic tetanus _c be prev5t$ by means ( ! sulfanilamides & t tetanus anti-tox9 has to be adm9i/]$ z usual4 ,dur+ ! pres5tation ( evid5ce1 only ! witness ,dr4 ,maczka ma9ta9$ t tetanus 0 actually us$ 9 "o individual case4 ,?is witness did n make h] own obs]vations ( ! case b drew conclusions bas$ exclusively on ! pa?ological picture pres5t$ by "o ( ! exp]im5tal subjects accord+ to h] /atem5ts4 ,9 view ( ! fact t ev5 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ?is witness tetanus bacilli 7 employ$ only 9 "o individual case1 ! ass]tion ( ?is witness c h>dly be tak5 z a true repres5tation ( ! facts1 = if x _h really be5 ! int5tion ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt to det]m9e ! effect ( sulfanilamides on tetanus too1 "o exp]im5tal subject w\ld c]ta9ly n h be5 suffici5t1 & m exp]im5ts w\ld h be5 necess>y be=e a f9al decision reg>d+ ?is "q c\ld possibly h be5 made4 ,! ?ird gr\p consi/$ ( #bd exp]im5tal subjects :o 7 n treat$ ) any sort ( contagion--unlike ! proc$ure appli$ to ! second gr\p--b only _h "p ( ! muscle ligatur$4 ,! def5dants ,gebh>dt & ,fis*] h giv5 detail$ evid5ce reg>d+ ^! new exp]im5tal arrangem5ts1 h[ !y orig9at$1 :at consid]ations _h to be reg>d$1 & :at "p 0 play$ by ,,ss ,rei* ,physician ,dr4 ,grawitz4 ,) reg>d to ^! details ,i ref] to ! te/imony ( ! def5dants 9 ! witness box4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects 7 treat$ ) sulfanilamides z describ$ by ! def5dants 9 ! witness box4 ,a few p]sons 7 n treat$ ) sulfanilamides b 7 us$ z control subjects4 ,b t did n mean t ^! p]sons 7 n treat$ at all4 ,z ! evid5ce has prov$1 all exp]im5tal subjects 7 treat$1 namely by surgical measures if ! sulfanilamides did n prove effective aga9/ ! inflammation4 ,= ?is reason too ! exp]im5tal subjects to :om sulfanilamides 7 appli$1 & :]e ! inflammation did n pass away by itself1 7 giv5 direct surgical treatm5t "u obs]vance ( ! g5]ally recogniz$ pr9ciples ( surg]y1 p>ticul>ly z develop$ 9 ,g]many by ,gebh>dt's tea*] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,lex]4 ,?is direct surgical treatm5t result$ 9 ! sc>s :i* ! c\rt has se5 on ! exp]im5tal subjects que/ion$ z witnesses4 ,z expla9$ by ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,alex&]1 ! exp]t produc$ by ! prosecution1 ^! sc>s are ! result n ( ! bact]iological infection b ( ! op]ations p]=m$ 9 ord] to elim9ate ?is infection4 ,9 ! prosecution case1 f\r exp]im5tal subjects 7 call$ to give evid5ce4 ,9 addition1 ! prosecution submitt$ a s]ies ( affidavits giv5 by o!r p]sons us$ z exp]im5tal subjects4 ,! /atem5ts ( ! f\r witnesses que/ion$ 9 c\rt co9cide l>gely ) ! te/imony giv5 by ! def5dants ,gebh>dt1 ,ob]heus]1 & ,fis*] !mselves 9 ! witness box4 ,= ?is reason alone x appe>s exp$i5t & suffici5t = ! pron\ncem5t ( a j s5t5ce & = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! true facts to base ! s5t5ce exclusively on ! te/imony ( ^! f\r witnesses toge!r ) ! /atem5ts ( ! def5dants !mselves4 ,?is is n only 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple ( direct & oral proce$+s 9 c\rt prevail+ 9 any mod]n crim9al proc$ure & :i* %\ld n be dep>t$ f )\t urg5t reason1 b also su* h&l+ ( ! case seems suitable because ! /atem5ts ( ! f\r witnesses are id5tical ess5tially s t !y !mselves1 toge!r ) ! /atem5ts giv5 by ! def5dants1 c be reg>d$ z a safe basis = a f9d+--ap>t f "o po9t :i* ,i %all g into lat]4 ,9 addition1 ! affidavits submitt$ by ! prosecution n only diff] 9 ess5tial po9ts f ! /atem5ts made by ! witnesses 9 c\rt1 b are inconsi/5t & contradictory 9 !mselves z well4 ,?is is %[n1 above all1 by ! fact t 9 sev]al ( ^! affidavits cont5tions are q obvi\sly made :i* are n bas$ on p]sonal & factual obs]vation1 b h become kn[n to ^! witnesses by he>say4 ,! affidavits1 moreov]1 fail to repres5t ! circum/ances 9 cle> *ronological ord]1 :i* makes ! :ole matt] all ! m d\btful1 z x 0 prov$ by ! evid5ce t 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck camp exp]im5ts 7 obvi\sly also p]=m$ by o!r physicians ) :om ! def5dant 9 ?is case _h no connection4 ,consid]able d\bts also exi/ reg>d+ ! /atem5ts made by ! witness ,dr4 ,maczka4 ,! prosecution has submitt$ two affidavits giv5 by ?is witness z "p ( its evid5ce4 ,:5 que/ion$ 9 c\rt1 ?is witness c\ld n ma9ta9 ! mo/ incrim9at+ cont5tions :i* appe>$ 9 ! two affidavits4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ! c\rt has to consid] :e!r x reg>ds ! /atem5ts ( ?is witness z suffici5tly reliable to ent] into ! judgm5t4 ,i w\ld answ] ?is "q 9 ! negative1 n only because %e _h to revoke ! mo/ ess5tial po9ts ( h] previ\s affidavits1 b because a l>ge "p ( h] te/imony 0 bas$ n on h] own obs]vations1 b ei!r on in=mation obta9$ f o!r prison]s or on conclusions drawn by h]4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,pros4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#bbh #bjf ,affidavit ( def5dant ,fis*]1 #cga #ai ,novemb] #aidf1 conc]n+ sulfanilamide exp]im5ts conduct$ 9 ! conc5tration camp ,rav5sbrueck4 ,,no-#dgb #bcd ,affidavit ( ! def5dant #cgf ,fis*]1 #ba ,octob] #aidf1 supplem5t+ 8 affidavit conc]n+ sulfanilamide exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#ajhj ,a1 ,e1 ,f #bai ,a1 ,e1 ,f ,exposures ( ! witness ,m>ia #ija ,kusmi]czuk :o und]w5t sulfanilamide & bone exp]im5ts :ile an inmate ( ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp4 7,see ,selections f ,photographic ,evid5ce ( ! ,prosecution47 ,,no-#ajhb ,a1 ,c #bad ,a1 ,c ,exposures ( ! witness ,jadwiga #ijc ,dzido :o und]w5t sulfanilamide & bone exp]im5ts :ile an inmate ( ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp4 7,see ,selections f ,photographic ,evid5ce ( ! ,prosecution47 ,def5se ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,def4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,gebh>dt1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,extract f affidavit ( ,dr4 #cgg ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #bj ,k>l ,fri$ri* ,brunn]1 #ad ,ob]heus] #ba ,m>* #aidg4 ,gebh>dt1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,extract f report on ! ,fir/ #cgg ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #f ,conf]5ce ,ea/ ( ,consult+ ,ob]heus] #a ,speciali/s on #ah & #ai ,may #aidb at ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy1 ,b]l94 ,gebh>dt1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,extracts f report on ! #cgh ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #aj ,?ird ,conf]5ce ,ea/ ( ,ob]heus] #c ,consult+ ,speciali/s on #bd to #bf ,may #aidc at ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy1 ,b]l94 ,te/imony ,extracts f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,jadwiga ,dzido #cha ,extracts f ! te/imony ( ! prosecution exp]t witness ,dr4 #chf ,leo ,alex&] ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,gebh>dt #chh ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bbh ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bjf ,,affidavit ,,( ,,def5dant ,,fis*]1 #ai ,,novemb] #aidf1 ,,conc]n+ ,,sulfanilamide ,,exp]im5ts ,,conduct$ ,,9 ,,! ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,rav5sbrueck ,,affidavit ,i1 ,fritz ,ern/ ,fis*]1 hav+ be5 duly sworn1 depose & /ate "u oa?3 ,i am a doctor ( m$ic9e1 hav+ be5 graduat$ f ! ,univ]sity ( ,hamburg4 ,i pass$ my /ate exam9ation 9 #aicf4 ,on #ac ,novemb] #aici ,i 0 induct$ into ! ,waff5 ,,ss & aft] hav+ s]v$ ) a combat division z m$ical (fic]1 ,i 0 hospitaliz$ & !n assign$ to ! ,,ss hospital at ,hoh5ly*51 z assi/ant surgeon4 ,9 addition to my normal duties z surgeon at ! ,,ss hospital at ,hoh5ly*51 ,i 0 ord]$ by ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt to beg9 m$ical exp]im5ts 9 my capacity z assi/ant surgeon to ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt on or ab\t #ab ,july #aidb4 ,! purpose ( ! propos$ exp]im5ts 0 to det]m9e ! effectiv5ess ( sulfanilamide1 :i* ,i 0 in=m$ at t "t 0 a matt] ( consid]able importance to milit>y m$ical circles4 ,accord+ to ! in=mation :i* ,i receiv$ f ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt1 ^! exp]im5ts 7 direct$ initially by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ! ,rei* ,physician ,dr4 ,grawitz4 ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt in/ruct$ me1 be=e ! op]ations 7 und]tak51 on ! te*niques to be foll[$ & ! proc$ure to be employ$4 ,! p]sons :o 7 to be ! subjects ( ^! exp]im5ts 7 inmates ( ! conc5tration camp at ,rav5sbrueck :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,! adm9i/rative proc$ure :i* 0 foll[$ 9 obta9+ ! subjects = ! exp]im5ts 0 e/abli%$ by ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt ) ! camp comm&ant at ,rav5sbrueck4 ,aft] ! initial arrangem5ts _h be5 made1 x 0 ! g5]al practice to in=m ! m$ical (fic] at ,rav5sbrueck z to ! date on :i* a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 to be begun & ! numb] ( pati5ts :o w\ld be requir$1 & !n he took ! matt] up ) ! comm&ant ( ! camp1 by :om ! selections ( subjects 7 made4 ,be=e an op]ation 0 und]tak51 ! p]sons :o _h be5 select$ 9 accordance ) ?is proc$ure 7 giv5 a m$ical exam9ation by ! camp physician to det]m9e _! suitability = ! exp]im5ts f a m$ical /&po9t4 ,! fir/ ( ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts involv$ five p]sons4 ,! gangr5\s bact]ial cultures = use 9 ! exp]im5ts 7 obta9$ f ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,! proc$ure foll[$ 9 ! op]ations 0 z foll[s3 ,! subject receiv$ ! conv5tional ane/hetic ( morph9e-atrop9e1 !n evipan e!r4 ,an incision 0 made #e to #h c5timet]s 9 l5g? & #a to #a c5timet]s 9 dep?1 on ! outside ( ! l[] leg 9 ! area ( ! p]onaeus longus4 ,! bact]ial cultures 7 put 9 dextrose1 & ! result+ mixture 0 spread into ! w\nd4 ,! w\nd 0 !n clos$ & ! limb encas$ 9 a ca/1 :i* _h be5 prep>$1 :i* 0 l9$ on ! inside ) cotton s t 9 ! ev5t ( swell+ ( ! affect$ memb] ! result ( ! exp]im5t w\ld n be influ5c$ by any factor o!r ?an ! infection itself4 ,! bact]ial cultures us$ on ea* ( ! five p]sons v>i$ bo? z to ! type ( bact]ia us$ & ! am\nt ( culture us$4 ,aft] ! initial op]ations _h be5 p]=m$1 ,i return$ to ,rav5sbrueck ea* aft]noon to obs]ve ! progress ( ! p]sons :o _h be5 op]at$ on4 ,no s]i\s illnesses result$ f ^! initial op]ations4 ,i report$ ! progress ( ! pati5ts to ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt ea* night4 ,:5 ! five p]sons fir/ op]at$ on 7 cur$1 ano!r s]ies ( five 0 begun4 ,! surgical proc$ure & ! po/-op]ative proc$ure 0 ! same z 9 ! initial exp]im5ts1 b ! bact]ial cultures 7 m virul5t4 ,! results f ?is s]ies 7 sub/antially ! same z 9 ! fir/ & no s]i\s illnesses result$4 ,s9ce no inflammation result$ f ! bact]ial cultures us$ 9 ! fir/ two s]ies ( op]ations1 x 0 det]m9$1 z a result ( correspond5ce ) ,dr4 ,mrug[sky1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 & conv]sations ) 8 assi/ant1 to *ange ! type ( bact]ial culture 9 ! subsequ5t op]ations4 ,us+ ! new culture1 two m s]ies ( op]ations 7 p]=m$1 ea* involv+ five p]sons4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? s]ies 0 9 ! bact]ial cultures us$4 ,! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss prep>$ !m f sep>ate comb9ations ( ! ?ree or f\r gangr5e cultures :i* 7 available4 ,9 ! ?ird & f\r? s]ies1 m pron\nc$ infection & inflammation 7 disc]nible at ! place ( incision4 ,_! *>act]i/ics 7 simil> to a normal1 local infection1 ) r$ness1 swell+1 & pa94 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! infection 0 comp>able 9 size to a *e/nut4 ,^u ! completion ( ! f\r? s]ies1 ! camp physician in=m$ me t ! camp comm&ant _h in/ruct$ him t male pati5ts w\ld no long] be available = fur!r exp]im5ts1 b t x w\ld be necess>y to use female inmates4 ,accord+ly1 five wom5 7 prep>$ = ! op]ation1 b ,i did n op]ate on !m4 ,i report$ ! *ange ( situation to ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt & sugge/$ t 9 view ( ^! circum/ances1 x w\ld be desirable to /op ! exp]im5ts4 ,he did n adopt ?is sugge/ion1 h[ev]1 & po9t$ out t x 0 necess>y = me z an (fic] to c>ry out ! duties :i* _h be5 assign$ to me4 ,! exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 7 int]rupt$ = a p]iod ( #b weeks1 dur+ :i* ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt told me he _h discuss$ ! matt] 9 ,b]l9 & _h be5 in/ruct$ to c>ry on ! exp]im5ts1 us+ ,poli% female prison]s :o _h be5 s5t5c$ to dea?4 ,9 addition1 he in/ruct$ me to spe$ up ! exp]im5ts s9ce ! ,rei* ,physician1 ,dr4 ,grawitz1 int5d$ to g to ,rav5sbrueck soon to te/ ! results ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,accord+ly1 ,i w5t to ,rav5sbrueck & op]at$ on ! female prison]s4 ,s9ce ! infections :i* result$ f ! fir/ f\r s]ies ( exp]im5ts 7 n typical ( gangr5\s battlefield infections1 we communicat$ ) ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss to det]m9e :at /eps c\ld be tak5 m ne>ly to simulate infections caus$ by battle4 ,z a result ( ?is correspond5ce & a conf]5ce at ,hoh5ly*5 presid$ ov] by ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt1 x 0 decid$ to add t9y fragm5ts ( wood %av+s to ! bact]ial cultures1 :i* w\ld simulate ! cru/ ( dirt cu/om>ily f\nd 9 battlefield w\nds4 ,z a result ( ?is conf]5ce1 ?ree s]ies ( op]ations 7 p]=m$1 ea* involv+ #aj p]sons1 "o us+ ! bact]ial culture & fragm5ts ( wood1 ! second us+ bact]ial culture & fragm5ts ( glass1 & ! ?ird us+ ! culture plus glass & wood4 ,ab\t two weeks aft] ^! new s]ies 7 begun1 ,dr4 ,grawitz visit$ ,rav5sbrueck4 ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt introduc$ him to me & expla9$ to him ! g5]al nature ( ! "w4 ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt !n left1 & ,i expla9$ to ,dr4 ,grawitz ! details ( ! op]ations & _! results4 ,dr4 ,grawitz1 be=e ,i c\ld complete my report on ! proc$ures us$ & ! results obta9$1 brusquely int]rupt$ me & obs]v$ t ! conditions "u :i* ! exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ did n suffici5tly resemble conditions prevail+ at ! front4 ,he ask$ me lit]ally1 8,h[ _m dea?s h !re be580 & :5 ,i report$ t !re _h n be5 any1 he /at$ t t confirm$ 8 assumption t ! exp]im5ts _h n be5 c>ri$ out 9 accordance ) 8 directions4 ,he said t ! op]ations 7 m]e flea bites & t s9ce ! purpose ( ! "w 0 to det]m9e ! effectiv5ess ( sulfanilamide on bullet w\nds x w\ld be necess>y to inflict actual bullet w\nds on ! pati5ts4 ,he ord]$ t ! next s]ies ( exp]im5ts to be und]tak5 %\ld be 9 accordance ) ^! directions4 ,t same ev5+1 ,i discuss$ ^! ord]s ( ,dr4 ,grawitz ) ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt & we bo? agre$ t x 0 impossible to c>ry !m out1 b t a proc$ure w\ld be adopt$ :i* w\ld m ne>ly simulate battlefield conditions )\t actually %oot+ ! pati5ts4 ,! normal result ( all bullet w\nds 0 a %att]+ ( tissue1 :i* did n exi/ 9 ! initial exp]im5ts4 ,z a result ( ! injury1 ! normal fl[ ( blood ?r\gh ! muscle is cut (f4 ,! muscle is n\ri%$ by ! fl[ ( blood f ei!r end4 ,:5 ?is circulation is int]rupt$1 ! affect$ area becomes a f]tile field = ! gr[? ( bact]ia2 ! normal reaction ( ! tissue aga9/ ! bact]ia is n possible )\t circulation4 ,?is int]ruption ( circulation usual 9 battle casualties c\ld be simulat$ by ty+ (f ! blood vessels at ei!r end ( ! muscle4 ,two s]ies ( op]ations1 ea* involv+ #aj p]sons1 7 begun foll[+ ?is proc$ure4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^!1 ! same bact]ial cultures 7 us$ z 7 develop$ 9 ! ?ird & f\r? s]ies1 b ! glass & wood 7 omitt$4 ,9 ! o!r s]ies1 /reptococci & /aphylococci cultures 7 us$4 ,9 ! s]ies us+ ! gangr5\s culture a sev]e infection 9 ! area ( ! incision result$ )9 #bd h\rs4 ,eight pati5ts out ( t5 became sick f ! gangr5\s infection4 ,cases :i* %[$ symptoms ( an unspecific or specific inflammation 7 op]at$ on 9 accordance ) ! doctr9e & mann] ( septic surg]y4 ,! ,lex] doctr9e =m$ ! basis ( ! proc$ure4 ,! te*nique is t an incision 9 ! area ( ! gangr5e is made1 f heal?y tissue to heal?y tissue on ei!r side4 ,! w\nd & fascian corn]s 7 laid op51 ! gangr5\s bli/]s swabb$1 & a solution ( ,h#b,o#b 7hydrog5 p]oxide7 0 p\r$ ov] !m4 ,! inflam$ extremity 0 immobiliz$ 9 a ca/4 ,) mo/ pati5ts x 0 possible to improve ! gangr5\s condition ( ! entire infect$ area 9 ?is mann]4 ,9 ! s]ies 9 :i* banal cultures ( /reptococci & /aphylococci 7 us$1 ! sev]e resultant infection ) accompany+ increase 9 temp]ature & swell+ did n occur until #gb h\rs lat]4 ,f\r pati5ts %[$ a m s]i\s picture ( ! disease4 ,9 ! case ( ^! pati5ts1 ! normal pr(essional te*nique ( or?odox m$ic9e 0 foll[$ z outl9$ above1 & ! inflam$ swell+ split4 ,due to ! slight virul5ce ( ! bact]ia x 0 possible 9 ! case ( all pati5ts except "o to prev5t ! ?reat5$ deadly developm5t ( ! disease4 ,! incisions 7 made on ! l[] "p ( ! leg only 9 all s]ies to make an amputation possible4 ,x 0 n made on ! upp] ?igh because !n no area = amputation w\ld rema94 ,h[ev]1 9 ?is s]ies ! inflammation 0 s rapid t !re 0 no rem$y & no amputations 7 made4 ,s9ce aft] ! ty+ up ( ! circulation ( ! muscles1 a v sev]e c\rse ( infection 0 to be expect$1 #e grams ( sulfanilamide 7 giv5 intrav5\sly 9 ! am\nt ( #a gram ea*1 beg9n+ #a h\r aft] ! op]ation4 ,aft] ! w\nd 0 laid op5 to expose all its corn]s1 sulfanilamide 0 %ak5 into ! entire area & ! area 0 dra9$ by ?ick rubb] tubes4 ,! infection normally rea*$ an acute /age ov] a p]iod ( #c weeks1 dur+ :i* "t ,i *ang$ ! b&ages daily4 ,aft] ! p]iod ( #c weeks ! condition 0 normally t ( a simple w\nd :i* 0 dress$ by ! camp physicians r ?an by me4 ,! proc$ure prescrib$ = ! po/-op]ative treatm5t ( ! pati5ts 0 to give !m ?ree times ea* day #a cc4 ( morph9e1 & :5 ! dress+s 7 *ang$1 to induce an e/hesia by ! use ( evipan4 ,9 all ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 except ! fir/1 sulfanilamide 0 us$ aft] ! gangr5\s infection appe>$4 ,9 ea* s]ies two p]sons 7 n giv5 sulfanilamide z a control to det]m9e its effectiv5ess4 ,:5 sulfanilamide & ! bact]ia cultures toge!r 7 introduc$ into ! incision no inflammation result$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,my behavior t[>ds all pati5ts 0 v consid]ate1 & ,i 0 v c>eful 9 ! op]ations to foll[ /&>d pr(essional proc$ure4 ,9 ,may #aidc1 on ! occasion ( ! ,f\r? ,conf]5ce ( ! ,consult+ ,physicians ( ! ,wehrma*t1 a report 0 made by ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt & myself z to ^! op]ations4 ,?is m$ical congress 0 call$ by ,pr(essor ,h&los]1 :o occupi$ ! position ( ,surgeon ,g5]al ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces1 & 0 att5d$ by a l>ge numb] ( physicians1 bo? milit>y & civilian4 ,9 my lecture to ! meet+ ,i report$ on ! op]ations frankly1 us+ *>ts :i* demon/rat$ ! te*nique us$1 ! am\nt ( sulfanilamide adm9i/]$1 & ! condition ( ! pati5ts4 ,?is lecture 0 ! focal po9t ( ! conf]5ce4 ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt spoke ab\t ! fundam5tals ( ! exp]im5ts1 _! p]=mance & _! results1 & !n ask$ me to describe ! te*nique4 ,he began 8 lecture ) ! foll[+ words3 8,i be> ! full human1 surgical1 & political responsibility = ^! exp]im5ts40 ,?is lecture 0 foll[$ by a discussion4 ,no criticism 0 rais$4 ,i am conv9c$ t all ! physicians pres5t w\ld h act$ 9 ! same mann] z ,i4 ,subsequ5t to my repeat$ urg5t reque/s1 ,i w5t to ! front z surgeon imm$iately aft] ?is conf]5ce4 ,only aft] ,i 0 w\nd$ did ,i return z a pati5t to ,hoh5ly*54 ,i nev] ent]$ ! ,rav5sbrueck camp aga94 ,i prote/$ vigor\sly aga9/ ^! exp]im5ts on human be+s1 endeavor$ to prev5t !m1 & to limit _! ext5sion aft] !y _h be5 ord]$4 ,9 ord] n to be =c$ to p>ticipate 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 ,i repeat$ly volunte]$ = front-l9e s]vice4 ,ins(> z x 0 9 my p[]1 ,i tri$ to dissuade ,doctor ,koll] & ,doctor ,reissmay] f p]=m+ ^! exp]im5ts4 ,i decl9$ habilitation at ! ,univ]sity ( ,b]l9 because ,i felt t x might result 9 my be+ oblig$ to c>ry on additional exp]im5ts at ,rav5sbrueck4 ,aft] ,i succe$$ 9 sci5tific discov]ies ( ! highe/ practical importance1 t is1 ! solution ( ! canc] problem & its !rapy1 ,i did n communicate ?is fact to ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt & did n publi% ?is "w 9 ord] n to be ord]$ aga9 to c>ry out exp]im5ts4 ,,fritz ,,ern/ ,,fis*] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dgb ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bcd ,,affidavit ,,( ,,! ,,def5dant ,,fis*]1 #ba ,,octob] #aidf1 ,,supplem5t+ ,,8 ,,affidavit ,,conc]n+ ,,sulfanilamide ,,exp]im5ts 99 99 99 99 99 #c4 ,at ! conf]5ce ( ,may #aidc1 :i* ,i describ$ on page #ab ( my affidavit 7la/ p>agraph7 ! foll[+ (ficials 7 pres5t to ! be/ ( my recollection3 ,dr4 ,paul ,ro/ock z *airman ( ! conf]5ce2 ,dr4 ,siegfri$ ,h&los]1 :o 0 !n ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces1 :o _h s5t out ! invitations to ! meet+2 ,pr(essor ,k>l ,br&t1 :o sat 9 ! c5t] ( ! front r[2 ,dr4 ,leon>do ,d4 ,conti1 ! ,rei* ,heal? ,lead]2 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,sau]bru*2 ,dr4 ,frey2 & ,pr(essor ,heubn]4 ,! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe 0 repres5t$ by ,dr4 ,hippke1 :o 0 ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe2 & by ,dr4 ,osk> ,s*ro$]4 ,! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 0 repres5t$ by its *ief1 ,dr4 ,k>l ,g5zk54 ,dr4 ,helmut ,popp5dick1 :o 0 ! ,*ief ( ,/aff ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police1 & ,dr4 ,grawitz 7 also pres5t4 99 99 99 99 99 #e4 ,x 0 made p]fectly cle> dur+ ! spee*es made by ,dr4 ,gebh>dt & myself t ! exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ on inmates ( a conc5tration camp4 #f4 ,six mon?s aft] ?is1 ! #aj? anniv]s>y ( ! hospital at ,hoh5ly*5 0 celebrat$4 ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t1 ,dr4 ,siegfri$ ,h&los]1 ,dr4 ,leon>do ,d4 ,conti1 & ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,sau]bru* 7 invit$ to ! celebrations4 #g4 ,:5 ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts />t$1 ,i 0 told by ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt1 my milit>y & m$ical sup]ior1 t ^! exp]im5ts 7 be+ c>ri$ out by ord] ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,(fice ( ! ,wehrma*t & ! ,*ief ( ! ,/ate ,m$ical ,(fice1 ) ! initial ord] f ,hitl]1 & ,i mu/ !re=e c>ry out ^! ord]s4 #h4 ,dr4 ,h]ta ,ob]heus] & ,dr4 ,s*i$lausky assi/$ me 9 ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts4 #i4 ,z a result ( ^! exp]im5ts1 ?ree p di$4 ,sign$ ,,fritz ,,ern/ ,,fis*] ,,translation ,,( ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,docum5t #ba ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,def5se ,,exhibit #bj ,,extract ,,f ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,k>l ,,fri$ri* ,,brunn]1 #ad ,,m>* #aidg ,i only he>d ( ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts on human be+s at ,rav5sbrueck aft] _! conclusion ?r\gh ! public report made by ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt & ,dr4 ,fis*] be=e ! ,?ird ,conf]5ce ,ea/ ( ,consultant ,speciali/s ( #bd & #bf ,may #aidc at ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy1 ,b]l94 ,i att5d$ ?is conf]5ce z ,/abs>zt 9 ! army f a milit>y res]ve hospital 9 ,b]l94 ,lat] on ,i read a report 9 ! directives4 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,gebh>dt did n speak to u ab\t ?is po9t subsequ5tly4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! exi/5ce ( ?is sulfanilamide exp]im5t 0 kn[n & 0 n kept secret1 al?\gh ev5 =eign]s 7 cont9u\sly to be f\nd among ! assi/ants1 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,swiss surgeon1 ,dr4 ,mey]1 dur+ my "t4 ,,translation ,,( ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,docum5t #a ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,def5se ,,exhibit #f ,,extract ,,f ,,report ,,on ,,! ,,fir/ ,,conf]5ce ,,ea/ ,,( ,,consult+ ,,speciali/s ,,on #ah ,,& #ai ,,may #aidb ,,at ,,! ,,milit>y ,,m$ical ,,academy1 ,,b]l9 99 99 99 99 99 ,directives = ! *emo-!rapy ( w\nd infections ,! treatm5t ( w> w\nds ) sulfanilamide prep>ations 9 ord] to combat w\nd infections seems to h prospects4 ,9 /ock n[ 9 ! m$ical /ores are3 prontalb9-m>fanil p[d]1 prontosil1 neo-ul]on-albucid1 eubas9um1 sulfapyrid9e-cibazol1 & eleudron pills4 ,traumatic tetanus _c be prev5t$ by ^! prep>ations2 tetanus antitox9 mu/ !re=e be giv5 z usual4 ,*emo!rapeutics are n a safe precaution aga9/ gas o$emata4 ,! collection ( fur!r exp]i5ces 9 ?is field is especially desirable4 ,:5 treat+ w> w\nds1 an op]ative arrangem5t ( ! w\nd mu/ fir/ be made by remov+ ! dead tissue & op5+ all cavities ( ! w\nd4 ,!n ! rem$y is appli$ ) a p[d] di/ributor or ) dr$g+ boxes1 9 dosages ( f #e-bj grams accord+ to ! size ( ! w\nd4 ,?is is repeat$ :5ev] a *ange ( dress+ is necess>y4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! *ange ( dress+1 & spread ev5ly ov] ! day1 ! pati5t is giv5 #h grams on ! fir/ day1 #f grams on ! second day1 #e grams on ! ?ird day & on ea* ( ! f\r?1 fif?1 & six? days1 #d grams ( sulfanilamide prep>ations p] os 7if necess>y1 rectal or intrav5\s injections74 ,!n ! drug treatm5t is discont9u$ & />t$ aga9 if necess>y4 ,! e>li] ?is treatm5t is begun ! bett] are its *ances4 ,local treatm5t ) ! available sulfanilamide p[d]s toge!r ) an int]nal treatm5t ) albucid1 cibazol1 eleudron1 eubas9um1 globucid 7p>ticul>ly = gas o$ema71 m>fanil-prontalb91 protosil is sugge/$4 ,if1 9 r>e cases1 second>y reactions occur su* z nausea1 vomit+1 di>rhea1 buzz+ 9 ! e>s1 heada*es1 sk9 ra%es1 or ict]us1 ^! rem$ies mu/ be discont9u$ at once4 ,a blood transfusion may be useful4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,docum5t #c ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,def5se ,,exhibit #aj ,,extracts ,,f ,,report ,,on ,,! ,,?ird ,,conf]5ce ,,ea/ ,,( ,,consult+ ,,speciali/s ,,on #bd ,,to #bf ,,may #aidc ,,at ,,! ,,milit>y ,,m$ical ,,academy1 ,,b]l9 99 99 99 99 99 #e4 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] & ,major ,g5]al1 ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt1 & ,f4 ,fis*]4 ,special ,exp]im5ts on ,sulfanilamide ,treatm5t ,,conclusions 8#a4 ,! developm5t ( suppuration on ! s(t p>ts caus$ by bact]iae _c be prev5t$1 ev5 if sulfanilamides are appli$ imm$iately1 locally1 or int]nally4 8#b4 ,x c\ld n be prov$ t ! c\rse ( an inflammatory illness caus$ by a]obic organisms on abscesses & phlegmons ( ! limbs 0 influ5c$ by sulfanilamides4 ,we 7 ( ! impression t comb9$ gas gangr5e !rapy took a mild] c\rse "u ! influ5ce ( sulfanilamides4 8#c4 ,surgical measures are indisp5sable = a successful treatm5t ( inflammations40 ,additional ,rem>ks ,! spr9kl+ ( sulfanilamide p[d] on w\nds c be injuri\s1 if1 by s do+1 ! fundam5tals ( surg]y are infr+$1 if1 = in/ance1 ! p[d] basis is n dissolv$ by ! tissue fluids1 & if ! dis*>ge ( secretions is hamp]$ by coagulation4 ,! w\nds treat$ ) sulfanilamide p[d] %[ a slight t5d5cy to exudation4 ,hypo!sis ( ,functions ,! inflammation on ! mesod]mal s(t p>ts %[s a t5d5cy t[>ds necrosis at an e>ly /age4 ,! necrosis is ! seat ( ! bact]ial culture4 ,its surr\nd+s %[ ?rombos$ vessels4 ,access to x by *emo-!rapeutic reag5ts is v difficult4 99 99 99 99 99 ,directives = ! ,application ( ,sulfanilamides ,exp]im5ts 7,gebh>dt-,fis*]7 %[$ ! foll[+ results3 ,ev5 ! imm$iate int]nal & ext]nal application ( sulfanilamide prep>ations _c prev5t a suppuration ( ! s(t p>ts due to ord9>y suppurative organisms4 ,x c\ld n be prov$ t ! c\rse ( ! inflammatory disease caus$ by ana]obions is influ5c$ by sulfanilamides4 ,! sulfanilamides seem$ to h an eas+ effect on ! c\rse ( comb9$ gangr5e !rapy4 ,disord]s caus$ by sulfanilamides 7,r&]a?7 are relatively r>e4 ,!y occur directly z liv] disord]s includ+ acute yell[ liv] atrophy1 z kidney disord]s1 & z agranulocytosis4 ,!re=e1 z f> z is possible "u front-l9e conditions1 ! :ite & r$ blood c\nt %\ld be controll$4 ,! decrease ( ! body temp]ature caus$ by an infection ( ! c5tral regulatory sy/em may be look$ ^u z an indirect disord]1 s t ! temp]ature curve p]mits no conclusions z to ! developm5t ( ! w\nd infection4 ,fur!rmore1 local p[d] treatm5t may lead to an occasional increase 9 ! dep? ( ! w\nd infection4 ,direct injury to ! tissue at ! spot :]e ! prep>ations 7 appli$ 0 n obs]v$4 ,! endolumbal application ( ! sulfanilamides 7,muell]7 mu/ also be reject$ = ! treatm5t ( m5+itis1 s9ce x leads to s]i\s di/urbances 9 ! region ( ! sp9al cord & may result 9 p>alysis4 ,! cl9ical disc\rse 7,frey7 emphasiz$ ! decrease ( optimi/ic & ! increase ( critical op9ions4 ,! cl9ical doctor consid]s ! pr9cipal disord]s to be anorexia1 nausea1 & increas+ exhau/ion4 ,e>ly application 9 ! w\nd itself is ess5tial = ! efficacy4 ,! ent]al or p>5t]al induc+ ( sulfanilamide drugs _c prev5t w\nd infections1 b c favorably influ5ce its c\rse4 ,! foll[+ rules = practice !re=e result3 ,all surface w\nds1 t is1 graz+ %ot w\nds1 sulcus-%ap$ w\nds & l>ge gap+ w\nds ( ! s(t p>ts %\ld be spr9kl$ z soon z possible ) sulfanilamide p[d]4 ,! p[d] treatm5t is ( no use if ! dep?s ( ! w\nd are n rea*$4 ,x is ineffective to p[d] ! small w\nds caus$ by ! p5etration & exit ( ! bullet4 ,! p[d]+ ( ! sk9 is s5seless & may cause eczema4 ,deep] w\nds mu/ be treat$ 9 ! quicke/ & mo/ ?or\gh mann]4 ,aft] ?is1 ! w\nd c be additionally treat$ ) sulfanilamide p[d] :i* mu/ rea* ! deepe/ cavities4 ,x is n advisable to p[d] granulat+ w\nds4 ,if ! p[d] treatm5t _c be appli$ dur+ ! fir/ h\rs or does n seem to suffice1 a pororal application ( sulfanilamides %\ld take its place or be p]=m$ supplem5t>ily4 ,front-l9e conditions w n always all[ intrav5\s injections4 ,accord+ to ! dang] ( a w\nd infection1 ! w\nd %\ld be treat$ = a %ort "t ) l>ge doses ( sulfanilamides 7#f-aj grams dur+ #c-d days1 n m ?an a total ( #ej grams74 ,on ! :ole1 small doses are insuffici5t & !re=e h no influ5ce on ! c\rse ( an infection1 b if appli$ too long !y may be injuri\s4 ,suitable prep>ations are pref]ably eleudron1 cibazol1 & globucide4 ,if possible1 ! treatm5t %\ld be appli$ by a m$ical (fic]4 ,w\nds endang]$ by gas o$ema--& ?is means all l>ge & deep muscle w\nds--%\ld1 9 addition to ! local & oral treatm5t ) sulfanilamide1 also be treat$ ) gangr5e s]um4 ,at subsequ5t op]ations1 = example resection ( ! ribs1 empyema ( ! *e/1 second>y sutures1 & late amputations1 ! new w\nd caus$ by ! op]ation may be p[d]$ adequately ) sulfanilamides :5 ble$+ has /opp$4 ,! ?or\ghness ( ! surgical w\nd treatm5t %\ld 9 no way be less5$ ev5 by ! additional application ( sulfanilamides4 ,abdom9al gun%ot w\nds c also be treat$ ) sulfanilamide p[d] 7ab\t "o tablespoon7 or ! sulfanilamide may be induc$ into ! abdom9al cavity 9 ! =m ( an emulsion4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,jadwiga ,,dzido#dj ,,direct ,,exam9ation ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,witness1 :at is y\r full "n8 ,,witness ,,dzido3 ,jadwiga ,dzido4 ,q4 ,d y spell t ,j-a-d-w-i-g-a1 la/ "n spell$ ,d-z-i-d-o8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,witness1 y 7 born on #bf ,janu>y #aiah8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,y are a citiz5 ( ,pol&8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,h y come "h to ,nu]nb]g volunt>ily to te/ify8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,w\ld y k9dly tell ! ,tribunal y\r pres5t home address8 ,a4 ,w>saw1 ,g>noslonska #ad4 ,q4 ,witness1 are y m>ri$8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,are y\r p>5ts liv+8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:at education h y receiv$8 ,a4 ,i f9i%$ elem5t>y s*ool & high s*ool at ,w>saw4 ,9 #aicg ,i />t$ to /udy ph>macology at ! ,univ]sity ( ,w>saw4 ,q4 ,did y graduate f ! ,univ]sity 9 ,w>saw8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:at did y d aft] y _h f9i%$ s*ool 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,w>saw8 ,a4 ,i />t$ /udy+ ph>macology at ! ,univ]sity1 & !n :5 ,i 0 /udy+ ! second ye>1 ! w> broke out4 ,q4 ,:at did y d aft] ! w> broke out8 ,a4 ,9 #aici ,i 0 work+ 9 a ph>macy dur+ ! holidays4 ,q4 ,7 y a memb] ( ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t8 ,a4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aidj ,i ent]$ ! ,resi/ance ,und]gr\nd4 ,q4 ,:at did y d 9 ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t8 ,a4 ,i 0 a mess5g]4 ,q4 ,!n 7 y lat] captur$ by ! ,ge/apo & plac$ "u arre/8 ,a4 ,i 0 arre/$ by ! ,ge/apo on #bh ,m>* #aida4 ,q4 ,:at happ5$ to y aft] y\r arre/ by ! ,ge/apo8 ,a4 ,i 0 int]rogat$ by ! ,ge/apo 9 ,lubl91 ,luk[1 & ,radz94 ,q4 ,& :at happ5$ aft] t8 ,a4 ,9 ,lubl91 ,i 0 beat5 :ile nak$4 ,q4 ,did y !n receive any fur!r treatm5t f ! ,ge/apo1 or 7 y releas$8 ,a4 ,i /ay$ 9 ,lubl9 #f weeks 9 ! cell> ( ! ,ge/apo build+4 ,q4 ,!n 7 y s5t to ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,on #bc ,septemb] #aida1 ,i 0 transport$ to ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp4 ,q4 ,7 y told :y y 7 s5t to ! conc5tration camp 9 ,rav5sbrueck8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i 0 n told4 ,q4 ,7 y ev] giv5 a trial 9 any ,g]man c\rt8 ,a4 ,nev]4 ,q4 ,:o s5t y to ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,all ! prison]s 9 ! prison at ,lubl9 7 s5t !re1 & ,i w5t ) !m4 ,q4 ,n[ w y tell ! ,c\rt1 ,miss ,dzido1 9 y\r own words :at happ5$ to y aft] y arriv$ at ,rav5sbrueck8 ,a4 ,:5 ,i arriv$ 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp1 ,i ?\ght t ,i w\ld /ay !re till ! end ( ! w>4 ,! liv+ conditions 9 ! prison 7 su* t we c\ld n live !re any long]4 ,9 ! camp we _h to "w1 b 9 ! camp x 0 n s dirty1 & !re 7 n s _m lice z us$ to be 9 ! prison4 ,q4 ,:at "w did y d 9 ! camp1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,i did physical "w inside or outside ! camp4 ,q4 ,7 y ev] op]at$ on 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,i 0 op]at$ on 9 ,novemb] #aidb4 ,q4 ,w y k9dly expla9 ! circum/ances ( ?is op]ation to ! ,tribunal8 ,a4 ,9 #aidb great hung] & t]ror reign$ 9 ! camp4 ,! ,g]mans 7 at ! z5i? ( _! p[]4 ,y c\ld see haught9ess & pride on ! face ( e ,,ss woman4 ,we 7 told e day t we 7 no?+ b numb]s1 t we _h to =get t we 7 human be+s1 t we _h nobody to ?9k ( u1 t we w\ld nev] return to our c\ntry1 t we 7 slaves1 & t we _h only to "w4 ,we 7 n all[$ to smile1 to cry1 or to pray4 ,we 7 n all[$ to def5d ourselves :5 we 7 beat54 ,!re 0 no hope ( go+ back to my c\ntry4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 did y say t y 7 op]at$ on 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp on #bb ,novemb] #aidb8 ,see photographs1 pp4 #hih-ijh4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 on #bb ,novemb] #aidb1 ! day ( ?is op]ation1 w y k9dly tell ! ,tribunal all t happ5$ dur+ t "t8 ,a4 ,t day ! policewoman1 camp policewoman1 came ) a piece ( pap] :]e my "n 0 writt5 d[n4 ,! policewoman told u to foll[ h]4 ,:5 ,i ask$ h] :]e we 7 go+1 %e told me t %e didn't "k4 ,%e took u to ! hospital4 ,i didn't "k :at 0 go+ to happ5 to me4 ,x might h be5 an execution1 transport = "w1 or op]ation4 ,dr4 ,ob]heus] appe>$ & told me to undress & exam9$ me4 ,!n ,i 0 ,x-ray$4 ,i /ay$ 9 ! hospital4 ,my dress 0 tak5 away f me4 ,i 0 op]at$ on #bb ,novemb] #aidb 9 ! morn+4 ,a ,g]man nurse came1 %av$ my legs1 & gave me some?+ to dr9k4 ,:5 ,i ask$ h] :at %e 0 go+ to d ) me %e did n give me any answ]4 ,9 ! aft]noon ,i 0 tak5 to ! op]at+ room on a small hospital trolley4 ,i mu/ h be5 v exhau/$ & tir$ & t is :y ,i don't rememb] :e!r ,i got an injection or :e!r a mask 0 put on my face4 ,i didn't see ! op]at+ room4 ,:5 ,i came back ,i rememb] t ,i _h no w\nd on my leg1 b a trace ( a /+4 ,f t "t ,i don't rememb] any?+ till ,janu>y4 ,i le>n$ f my comrades :o liv$ 9 ! same room t my leg _h be5 op]at$ on4 ,i rememb] :at 0 go+ on 9 ,janu>y1 & ,i "k t ! dress+s _h be5 *ang$ sev]al times4 ,q4 ,witness1 d y "k :o p]=m$ ! op]ation ^u y\r leg8 ,a4 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,n[1 y say t y _h dress+s *ang$4 ,:o *ang$ ! dress+s on y\r leg8 ,a4 ,! dress+s 7 *ang$ by ,drs4 ,ob]heus]1 ,ros5?al1 & ,s*i$lausky4 ,q4 ,did y suff] a great deal :ile ^! dress+s 7 be+ *ang$8 ,a4 ,yes1 v mu*4 ,q4 ,witness1 w y /ep d[n f ! witness box & walk ov] to ! def5dants' dock & see if y c recognize anyone 9 t dock z be+ at ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp dur+ ! p]iod & dur+ ! "t t y 7 op]at$ on8 ,a4 7,witness po9ts47 ,q4 ,w y po9t to ! p]son aga9 t y recogniz$1 ,witness8 ,a4 7,witness po9ts47 ,q4 ,& :o is t1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,dr4 ,ob]heus]4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,may we reque/ t ! record s %[ t ! witness has id5tifi$ ! def5dant ,ob]heus]8 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,! record w s %[4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,d y recognize anyone else 9 t dock1 ,witness8 ,,witness ,,dzido3 ,yes4 ,q4 ,po9t out :o else y recognize1 ,witness8 ,a4 7,witness po9ts47 ,q4 ,:o is t1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,?is man ,i saw only once 9 ! camp4 ,q4 ,d y "k :o t man is1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,i "k4 ,q4 ,:o is t man1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,dr4 ,fis*]4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,w ! record s %[ t ! witness has prop]ly id5tifi$ ! def5dant ,fis*] z be+ at ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp8 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,! record w s %[4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,witness1 d y h any o!r details to tell ! ,tribunal ab\t y\r op]ation8 ,,witness ,,dzido3 7,no answ]47 ,q4 ,witness1 h[ _m times 7 y op]at$ on8 ,a4 ,once4 ,q4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,ob]heus] att5d$ y1 0 %e g5tle 9 h] treatm5t t[>d y8 ,a4 ,%e 0 n bad4 ,q4 ,witness1 h y ev] he>d ( a p]son nam$ ,b9z 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,i "k h] v well4 ,q4 ,d y rememb] :at "t y\r fri5ds 7 call$ to be op]at$ on 9 ,augu/ ( #aidc8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,w y k9dly tell ! ,tribunal "s ( ! details !re & ! names ( ! p]sons :o 7 to be op]at$ on8 ,a4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aidc ! op]ations 7 /opp$4 ,we ?\ght t we c\ld live l t till ! end ( ! w>4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,augu/ a policewoman came & call$ t5 girls4 ,:5 %e 0 ask$ :at =1 %e answ]$ t we 7 go+ to be s5t to "w4 ,we knew v well t all prison]s belong+ to our transport 7 n all[$ to "w outside ! camp4 ,! *ief ( ! block :]e we 7 liv+ 0 =bidd5 "u capital puni%m5t to let u outside ! camp4 ,t's :y we "k t x 0 n true4 ,we didn't want to let our comrades out ( ! block4 ,! policewoman came1 & ! assi/ants1 ! ov]se]s1 & ) !m ,b9z4 ,we 7 driv5 out ( ! block into ! /reet4 ,we /ood !re 9 l9e #aj at a "t & ,b9z h]self read (f ! names ( #aj girls4 ,:5 !y refus$ to g because !y 7 afraid ( a new op]ation & 7 n will+ to und]go a new op]ation1 %e h]self gave h] ^w ( honor t x 0 n go+ to be an op]ation & %e told !m to foll[ h]4 ,we rema9$ /&+ be=e ! block4 ,!n sev]al m9utes lat] our comrades ran to u & told u t ,,ss m5 h be5 call$ = 9 ord] to surr\nd !m4 ,! camp police arriv$ & drove our comrades out ( ! l9e4 ,we 7 lock$ 9 ! block4 ,! %utt]s 7 clos$4 ,we 7 #c days )\t any food & )\t any fre% air4 ,we 7 n giv5 p>cels t arriv$ 9 ! camp at t "t4 ,! fir/ day ! camp comm&ant & ,b9z came & made a spee*4 ,! camp comm&ant said t !re _h nev] be5 a revolt 9 ! camp & t ?is revolt mu/ be puni%$4 ,%e believ$ t we w\ld re=m & t we w\ld nev] repeat x4 ,if x 7 to happ5 aga91 %e _h ,,ss p ) weapons4 ,my comrade1 :o knew ,g]man1 answ]$ t we 7 n revolt+1 t we didn't want to be op]at$ on because five ( u di$ aft] ! op]ation & because six _h be5 %ot d[n aft] hav+ suff]$ s mu*4 ,!n ,b9z repli$3 8,dea? is victory4 ,y mu/ suff] = x & y w nev] get out ( ! camp40 ,?ree days lat]1 we le>n$ t our comrades _h be5 op]at$ on 9 ! bunk]4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 h[ _m wom51 approximately1 7 op]at$ on at ,rav5sbrueck8 ,a4 ,at ,rav5sbrueck #gd wom5 7 op]at$ on4 ,_m ( !m und]w5t _m op]ations4 ,q4 ,n[1 y h told u t five di$ z a result ( ! op]ations1 is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,& ano!r six 7 %ot d[n aft] ! op]ation1 is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,d y "k :y ^? o!r six 7 %ot1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,witness1 7 any ( ^! victims ask$ to volunte] = ^! op]ations8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,7 any ( !m promis$ fre$om if !y w\ld submit to op]ations8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:5 y 7 op]at$ on1 did y object8 ,a4 ,i c\ld n4 ,q4 ,:y8 ,a4 ,i 0 n all[$ to talk & our que/ions 7 n answ]$4 ,q4 ,d y /ill suff] any effects z a result ( ! op]ation1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,7 y ev] ask$ to sign any pap]s ) respect to ! op]ation8 ,a4 ,nev]4 ,q4 ,:5 did y f9ally leave ,rav5sbrueck8 ,a4 ,on #bg ,april #aide4 ,q4 ,h y ev] receiv$ any treatm5t s9ce y h left ,rav5sbrueck 9 ! la/ ye>8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,tell u :at treatm5t y h receiv$4 ,a4 ,dr4 ,gruzan 9 ,w>saw transplant$ t5dons on my leg4 ,q4 ,:5 did he d t8 ,a4 ,on #be ,septemb] #aide4 ,q4 ,d y h to we> any special %oes1 n[1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i %\ld we> !m1 b ,i c't af=d to buy !m4 ,q4 ,:at are y do+ n[1 ,witness8 ,are y work+ n[1 or :at is y\r occupation8 ,a4 ,i am n[ cont9u+ my /udies :i* ,i />t$ be=e ! w>4 ,q4 ,i see4 ,i w ask ! witness to id5tify ^! pictures4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,?is is ,docum5t ,,no-#ajhb;a1 b1 & c4 ,i w pass ^! up to ! ,tribunal = y\r p]usal4 ,7 ^! photographs tak5 ( y 9 ,nu]nb]g 9 ! la/ day or two1 ,witness8 ,,witness ,,dzido3 ,yes4 ,q4 ,witness1 w\ld y k9dly take y\r /ock+ & %oe (f y\r "r leg1 please1 & w y /ep out to ! side & %[ ! ,tribunal ! results ( ! op]ations at ,rav5sbrueck8 7,witness complies47 ,t's all1 ,witness1 y may sit d[n4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,i h no fur!r "q on direct exam9ation1 y\r ,honor4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,is !re any def5se c\nsel :o desires to cross-exam9e ?is witness8 ,,dr4 ,,seidl 7c\nsel = def5dants ,gebh>dt1 ,ob]heus]1 & ,fis*]73 ,i d n want to cross-exam9e ! witness2 h[ev]1 ,i d n wi% ! conclusion to be drawn t my cli5ts admit all ! /atem5ts made by ! witness4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,prosecution ,,exp]t ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,leo ,,alex&]#da ,,direct ,,exam9ation ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,dr4 ,alex&]1 h y exam9$ ,miss ,dzido be=e today8 ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,alex&]3 ,yes1 sir1 ,i did1 on sev]al occasions dur+ ! la/ #c days4 ,q4 ,dur+ y\r exam9ation1 did y h ,x-rays made ( ! pati5t's legs8 ,a4 ,i did1 sir4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,at ?is "t ,i w introduce ,docum5t ,,no-#ajia :i* is ! ,x-ray ( ! witness1 ,miss ,dzido4 ,we w pass two copies to ! ,tribunal & "o copy to ! ,secret>y ,g5]al4 ,dr4 ,alex&]1 9 ! c\rse ( y\r diagnosis ( ^! ,x-rays1 w y k9dly diagnose ?is ,x-ray 9 ,engli% & !n repeat 9 ,g]man = ! b5efit ( ! def5dants8 ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,alex&]3 ,yes1 sir4 ,q4 ,doctor1 w y id5tify t ,x-ray :i* c>ri$ ,docum5t ,,no-#ajia8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,?is is ! ,x-ray :i* includ$ ! l[] two-?irds ( ! ?igh bone1 ! femur1 & ! knee jo9t1 &-- ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,i (f] ?is ,x-ray z ,prosecution ,exhibit #bae4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,doctor1 ?is ,x-ray y are ref]r+ to n[ is ,docum5t ,,no-#ajib8 ,a4 ,?is is ,docum5t ,,no-#ajia4 ,! arr[ po9ts to ! o/eoporotic atrophy ( ! tibia4 ,docum5t ,,no-#ajib is ! ,x-ray ( ! leg4 ,x %[s ! fibula :i* is ! small] ( ! two l>g] bones ( ! leg1 ab\t 9 ! middle betwe5 ! area j m5tion$ "u ! bracket call$ 8,b04 ,on ! side1 look+ t[>d ! tibia is ! o/eop]io/itis ( ! p]io/eum4 ,?is gr\p ( m>ks is p>ticul>ly sev]e 9 ! small] area :i* ,i h m>k$ ) ! bracket 8,a01 :i* indicates a small] area ( ! %aft ( ! tibia )9 ! l>g] area ( ! di/urbance m>k$ z 8,b04 ,?is alt]ation is indicative & consi/s ( an ord9>y inactive ,coxa1 :i* 9 view ( ! o/eop]io/itis ( ! p]io/eum 0 probably an o/eomyelitis process4 ,h[ev]1 !re is no active o/eomyelitis at ! pres5t exam9ation ( ! "r foot4 ,9 pictures #ajic & #ajid1 x %[s ar?ritic *anges ( ! cuni=m navicula jo9ts ) n>r[+ ( ! jo9t spaces & increas$ m>g9al scl]osis4 ,?is has be5 m>k$ 9 ! ,x-ray ) an arr[ po9t+ to ! jo9t4 ,! o!r pr9ts are ! same4 ,! pr9ts h come out too d>k1 b x %[s ! condition cle>ly 9 ! film4 ,?is ar?ritis is due to ! immobilization ( ! "r foot4 ,second>y to ! muscles & especially ! p>alysis ( ! p]9eal n]ve4 ,x is evid5tly ar?ritis ( an immobilization nature :i* "o sees also by inspection ( ! pati5t's foot4 ,q4 ,doctor1 c y det]m9e f y\r exam9ation---- ,a4 7,int]pos+7 #ajid--;h ,i m5tion$ x8--%[s ! same z #ajic 9 a slightly diff]5t exposure4 ,! m>ks are ! same po9t+ to ! mo/ m>k$ ar?ritis betwe5 ! cuni=m navicul> jo9ts4 ,q4 ,doctor1 9 y\r op9ion1 f y\r exam9ation ( ?is pati5t c y det]m9e :at 0 ! purpose ( ! exp]im5t8 ,a4 ,x appe>s t 9 ?is exp]im5t a highly infecti\s ag5t 0 implant$1 probably )\t ! addition ( a bact]ia /atic ag5t su* z sulfanilamide1 & = t reason ! infection got out ( h& & became v ext5sive4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt#db ,,direct ,,exam9ation ,,dr4 ,,seidl3 ,! exp]im5ts on ,poli% int]nees 7 c>ri$ out 9 su* a way t1 fir/ ( all1 ?ree s]ies ( exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ on ?ree gr\ps ( #ab p]sons ea*4 ,is t correct8 ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt3 ,yes4 ,:at ,i want$ to solve by means ( ?is second exp]im5tal gr\p 0 ! task giv5 me 9 my ord]s1 namely1 ! te/+ ( ! drugs prescrib$4 ,i def9itely hop$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 :i* produc$ gangr5e1 t if !re 0 any?+ 9 ! sulfanilamide drugs1 :i* ,i _h reason to hope1 !n ! advantages connect$ ) "o or ! o!r drug w\ld become app>5t1 & ,i w\ld be able to discont9ue ! exp]im5ts4 ,( c\rse1 ,i c\ld n /op at ! initial in/ructions4 ,i really _h to g on to a localiz$ & def9ite infection1 & = t !re is an int]nationally kn[n precept1 n discov]$ by u1 :i* is to produce a locus m9oris resi/5tia--t is to say1 ! place ( lea/ resi/ance--:]e g]ms comb9e ) contact sub/ances4 ,s we did n ins]t dirt1 glass1 or e>?1 cruelly2 ! dirt 9 ! w\nd 0 repres5t$ by /]ile glass silicate2 soil & textiles :i* w\ld ent] a w\nd 7 replac$ by u ?r\gh /]ile cellulose1 f9ely gr\nd4 ,y all "k t if y cut y\rself & a non/]ile piece ( glass rema9s 9 ! w\nd1 if y d n move ! spot1 x w heal ) ! glass inside )\t any aggravat$ symptoms4 ,! only effect x has is to produce a catalysis = ! g]ms & a local ob/ruction to ! fl[ ( blood1 & possibly to damage a few cells slightly4 ,9 o!r words1 we produc$ inflammation 9 ! safe/ way possible = su* an exp]im5t4 ,t is an unque/ionable sci5tific tra9 ( ?\ght 9 ?is sph]e4 ,we proce$$ 9 j t mann] & 9 addition1 we gave our sulfanilamide1 or zeibazol #a41 eleutron1 & nitron4 ,two control p]sons1 h[ev]1 7 n )\t protection1 because !y 7 tak5 c>e ( 9 ! old e/abli%$ way4 ,n[1 don't sugge/ t ,i %\ld "k ! s*$ule or t !re 0 "s s*$ule reg>d+ ! supply ( sulfanilamide us$4 ,a s*$ule is always bad 9 m$ic9e because x is no long] orig9al4 ,"o ?+ is *>act]i/ic1 h[ev]1 ) sulfanilamides & t is t y give a big dose at ! beg9n+1 & "h !re is a "q ( :e!r x is correct to introduce x locally or to leave x op54 ,someone might mix x1 somebody else might h a diff]5t comb9ation & t is h[ we did x4 ,i w\ld be a bad sci5ti/ if ,i 7 to write d[n = y n[ t ,i knew exactly t !y 7 all giv5 9 a c]ta9 mann] on ! ?ird day1 or t !y are all l ?is & ?is n[4 ,x /ates expressly 9 ,?omas' /atem5t1 ( c\rse1 t any pre>rang$ table = ! adm9i/ration is wrong1 & t we also _c prescribe ! correct way to apply ^! drugs4 ,x 0 obvi\sly cle> t !re 0 a /rong impression made by sulfanilamides &1 ev5 9 ! fir/ gr\p1 we 7 a/oni%$ to f9d a c]ta9 result1 :i* is useful = ! idea z su*1 b n = practical purposes4 ,among o!r ?+s we imm$iately & simultane\sly spr9kl$ a mixture ( g]ms toge!r ) sulfanilamide p[d] into ! w\nd4 ,t 0 ! only exception made 9 ! fir/ gr\p & x didn't produce any results at all4 ,n[1 if ,i 7 a bad sci5ti/ !n ,i w\ld h assum$ t t1 9 itself1 0 a success4 ,no matt] :e!r x 0 ! ultrasepsis or ! p[d] we _h us$1 ,i w\ld h be5 satisfi$1 & ,i w\ld h said1 8,ev]ybody n[ has to take a little bag ( sulfanilamide along ) him & p[d] ! w\nds ) x imm$iately because we "k t if !y are ins]t$ simultane\sly into ! w\nd--! g]m & ! drug--!n !re w be no inflammation40 ,only 9 complete ignorance ( w\nd conditions & w> conditions c\ld "o adopt t po9t ( view4 ,! disadvantage ( ! sulfanilamide bag is t a man :o is badly %ot isn't 9 a position to act2 he w\ld be ly+ some:]e badly w\nd$ & n be able to d any?+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ( c\rse1 ! position is t ! surface ( ! w\nd c easily be p[d]$1 b ( c\rse n "r d[n to ! v bottom ( ! w\nd1 & we "k p>ticul>ly well t sulfanilamides :5 appli$ wrongly 9 ?is way h caus$ injury4 ,q4 ,! second gr\p consi/$ ( ! #cf wom51 #c times #ab wom58 ,a4 ,yes4 ,infection1 plus contact mat]ials4 ,q4 ,is x true t ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss1 ,dr4 ,grawitz1 on #c ,septemb] #aidb1 :5 inspect+ ,rav5sbrueck1 dem&$ t ! exp]im5tal conditions _h to be made m sev]e 9 ord] to create conditions simil> to w>time conditions8 ,a4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]1 on ! basis ( my report1 ,i 0 call$ to ,grawitz to report on ! results :i* might be expect$4 ,grawitz1 & z ,i %all expla9 lat]1 ,/umpfegg]1 came to me at ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,s9ce ,grawitz 0 com+ to ,rav5sbrueck ,i turn$ up on ! same day1 s t ,fis*] c\ld demon/rate ! pati5ts "u my protection4 ,t is ! impression probably creat$ repeat$ly by ! te/imony ( witnesses2 !y h to wait = a "t1 & !n ,i say 8,^! are ! pati5ts :om ,i op]at$ on40 ,i assume ! same description 0 giv5 ea* "t4 ,grawitz 0 able to prove to me t ! effects 7 circumscrib$ & n ( a w> nature4 ,& he 0 able to prove to me t ,i _h obta9$ no cle> m$ical in=mation1 only assumptions1 & ! cl9ical conditions result+ might p]haps be expect$ aft] surg]y at home4 ,= ano!r reason1 :i* c be se5 f ! docum5ts1 ! argum5t became r viol5t4 ,grawitz turn$ to ,fis*]1 :o pres5t$ ! cases to him4 ,at any rate he !n said1 un=tunately1 t a spe$y cl>ification _h to be rea*$ & t w\nds simil> to combat w\nds _h to be creat$1 t is1 a gun%ot w\nd infect$ by e>? & matt]4 ,( c\rse1 ,i did n accept ^! conditions & ,i look$ = "s way to get ! exp]im5t into my own h&s s t1 us+ all safegu>ds1 a high] degree ( infection might be br\ght ab\t1 & ! cases might /ill rema9 "u my control4 ,i did n want to give up & say1 8,i h n rea*$ any conclusion10 !reby impli$ly giv+ p]mission = w\nds simil> to combat w\nds to be inflict$ else:]e4 ,& s we arriv$ at ! idea ( ty+ (f ! art]ies ( ! ?ird gr\p1 :i* is also a cu/om>y means ( br++ ab\t a locus m9oris resi/5tiae 9 int]national exp]im5tal te*nique4 ,q4 ,y did n c>ry out ! ord] !n8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,!n h[ 7 ! exp]im5ts cont9u$ 9 ord] to create sev]e local inflammation 9 w>like w\nds8 ,a4 ,we kept to our old te*nique1 ! infusion1 t is an incision on ! out] side ( ! calf f> f ! jo9t1 :]e x is n "u pressure1 & :]e ! ca/ does n hurt x4 ,9 o!r words1 we *ose ! mo/ suitable place accord+ to all m$ical consid]ations4 ,!n we adm9i/]$ ! infection 9 a place :]e ! circulation ( ! blood _h be5 r$uc$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,:at d y "k ab\t ! dea?s1 & :y 0 !re no amputation 9 ^! cases8 ,a4 ,i believe t ,i c rememb] ! ?ree dea?s v well4 ,b ,i only rememb] ?ree--,i h always te/ifi$ t--) all ! ?+s t h happ5$ 9 ! meantime & all ! pati5ts ,i h tak5 c>e (4 ,x 0 n t ,fis*] or ,i ov]look$ an amputation1 & x is c]ta9ly n true t an amputation c save ! life ( ! pati5t 9 all cases ( gangr5e4 ,z ,i rememb] ! case hi/ories1 ! mo/ s]i\s pati5t _h a l>ge abscess on ! hip4 ,probably ! correspond+ gl&s _h be5 affect$4 ,! infection on ! calf & ! abscess on ! hip--:at c ,i amputate8 ,"o c amputate :5 ! infection is limit$ to ! calf4 ,we did n h su* cases because we =c$ ! infection to ! place :]e we want$ x1 b we 7 n able to prev5t ! infection spread+ to a diff]5t area & runn+ into ! blood vessel z does happ5 occasionally4 ,!re are infections ( ! ve9s1 & !n ! pati5t dies sudd5ly1 & x is a def9ite risk to p]=m an op]ation because ! p[] ( resi/ance is on ! bord]l9e1 hang+ by a hair4 ,if we p]=m su* major op]ations to save ! pati5t's life1 !n y may assume t we w\ld h und]tak5 an amputation1 or w\ld y assume t a surgeon ( my exp]i5ce does n "k :5 he has to amputate8 ,un=tunately t is ! fir/ ?+ t an op]ative surgeon l ,fis*] le>ns 9 w>time1 to amputate 9 "t4 ,z f> z ,i rememb]1 ! dea?s 7 f an abscess ( ! gl&s1 an inflammation ( ! ve9s1 an inflammation ( ! blood vessels1 & "o di$ f g5]al sickness1 9 spite ( all transfusions4 ,?is happ5s 9 cases ( infection :5 !re is no possibility ( /opp+ ! infection by local surg]y4 ,b "o _c conclude t any m$ical measures :i* %\ld h be5 tak5 7 ov]look$1 because j by see+ a case hi/ory f a di/ance "o _c decide t at su* & su* a mom5t ! pati5t %\ld h be5 op]at$ on4 ,i am conv9c$ t 9 ^! ?ree cases :i* ,fis*] report$ to me exactly1 :i* ,i saw1 & 9 :i* ! !rapy 0 discuss$1 t we c]ta9ly did n ov]look any?+4 ,z f> z "o c humanly say1 we did :at we consid]$ necess>y4 ,i want$ to publi% ?is result or to report x to ! public f ! beg9n+4 ,!re=e1 x 0 obvi\s f ! v beg9n+1 if y did n assume t ,i _h any humane or surgical motives1 t ,i did ev]y?+ 9 ord] to be able to publi% ! results4 ----- #dj ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #bj ,decemb] #aidg1 pp4 #hch-hdg4 #da ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #bj ,dec4 #aidf1 pp4 #hdh-hee4 #db ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #aj ,m>4 #dg1 pp4 #cica-dbef4 #f4 ,,bone1 ,,muscle ,,& ,,n]ve ,,reg5]ation ,,& ,,bone ,,transplantation ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,ob]heus]1 & ,fis*] 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ exp]im5ts on bone1 muscle1 & n]ve reg5]ation & exp]im5ts on bone transplantation 7p>4 #f 7,f7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,dur+ ! trial1 ! prosecution )drew ?is *>ge 9 ! case ( ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,gebh>dt1 ,ob]heus]1 & ,fis*] 7 convict$ & ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 & ,ro/ock 7 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ^! exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its f9al brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on pages #cib to #cif4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! f9al plea = ! def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #cif to #cii4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #djj to #dah4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt ,bone1 ,muscle1 & ,n]ve ,reg5]ation1 & ,bone ,transplantation ,exp]im5ts ,^! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp dur+ ! same p]iod ( "t & on ! same gr\p ( ,poli% inmates z ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #adeh47 ,! def5dant ,fis*] made ! foll[+ /atem5t ab\t ^! exp]im5ts 9 8 affidavit3 8,aft] ! arrival ( ,doctor ,/umpfegg] f g5]al headqu>t]s 9 ! fall ( #aidb1 ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt decl>$ be=e "s ( 8 co-work]s t he _h receiv$ ord]s to cont9ue ) ! te/s at ,rav5sbrueck on a l>g] scale4 ,9 ?is connection1 que/ions ( pla/ic surg]y :i* w\ld be ( int]e/ aft] ! end ( ! w> %\ld be cl>ifi$4 ,doctor ,/umpfegg] 0 suppos$ to te/ ! free transplantation ( bones4 ,s9ce ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt knew t ,i _h work$ 9 prep>ation = my habilitation at ! univ]sity on reg5]ation ( tissues1 he ord]$ me to prep>e a surgical plan = ^! op]ations1 :i*1 aft] x _h be5 approv$ he direct$ me to c>ry out imm$iately4 ,moreov]1 ,doctor ,koll] & ,doctor ,reissmay] 7 ord]$ to p]=m _! own s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt 0 also consid]+ a plan to =m ! basis ( an op]ative te*nique ( remobilization ( jo9ts4 ,besides ! above1 ,doctors ,s*ulze & ,s*ulze-,hag5 p>ticipat$ 9 ?is conf]5ce4 8,s9ce ,i knew ,rav5sbrueck ,i 0 ord]$ to introduce ! new doctors nam$ above to ! camp physician4 ,i 0 specially direct$ to assi/ ,doctor ,/umpfegg]1 s9ce1 z physician on ! /aff ( ,himml]1 he w\ld probably be abs5t f "t to "t4 8,i _h select$ ! reg5]ation ( muscles = ! sole reason because ! incision necess>y = ?is purpose 0 ! smalle/4 ,! op]ation 0 c>ri$ out z foll[s3 8,evipan & e!r 7 us$ z an anae/hetic1 & a #e c5timet] longitud9al incision 0 made at ! out] side ( ! upp] leg4 ,subsequ5t to ! cutt+ ?r\gh ! fascia1 a piece ( muscle 0 remov$ :i* 0 ! size ( ! cup ( ! little f+]4 ,! fascia & sk9 7 enclos$ 9 accordance ) ! normal te*nique ( aseptic surg]y4 ,aft]w>ds a ca/ 0 appli$4 ,aft] #a week ! sk9 w\nd 0 split "u ! same n>cotic conditions1 & ! "p ( ! muscle ar\nd ! area cut out 0 remov$4 ,aft]w>ds ! fascia & ! sew$-up "p ( ! sk9 7 immobiliz$ 9 a ca/40 7,,no-#bbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjf2 ,tr4 p4 #ggd47 ,! responsibility ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt = ^! exp]im5ts is also prov$ by ! affidavit ( ,ob]heus]4 ,%e /at$3 8,! exp]im5ts ) bone transplantations 7 c>ri$ out1 z f> z ,i c rememb]1 at ! end ( #aidb & beg9n+ ( #aidc by ,dr4 ,/umpfegg] ( ,hoh5ly*54 ,i help$ ,dr4 ,/umpfegg] 9 ! same way z ,i help$ ,dr4 ,fis*] ) ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts1 & z ,i h describ$ already 9 p>agraph #d ( ?is affidavit4 ,be=e ! op]ation ,i _h to exam9e1 z 9 ! o!r case1 ! condition ( heal? ( ! select$ p]sons4 ,! op]ations consi/$ ( ! removal & transplantation ( a piece ( ! bone f ! tibia4 ,fifte5 to tw5ty p]sons 7 us$ = ^! exp]im5ts4 8,! p]sons necess>y = ^! exp]im5ts 7 requisition$ by ,dr4 ,s*i$lausky f ! camp comm&]4 8,dr4 ,k>l ,gebh>dt 0 9 *>ge ( ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts & bone transplantations4 ,i d n "k :e!r he himself p]=m$ op]ations ( ?is type4 ,b ,i "k t all ^! exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ "u 8 direction & sup]vision & ^u 8 in/ructions4 ,he 0 assi/$ by ! doctors already m5tion$1 ,dr4 ,fis*] & ,dr4 ,/umpfegg]1 & also by ,drs4 ,s*i$lausky & ,ros5?al4 ,also only heal?y ,poli% prison]s 7 us$ = ^! exp]im5ts4 8,i _c rememb] t a s+le "o ( ! exp]im5tal subjects us$ 0 p>don$ aft] ! completion ( ! exp]im5ts40 7,,no-#dhg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjh47 ,! witness ,maczka1 a graduate ( ! ,m$ical ,s*ool ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,krak[ & a practic+ physician1 te/ifi$ t 9 ! c\rse ( h] duties z ,x-ray te*nician 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp %e _h occasion to obs]ve approximately #ac cases 9 :i* exp]im5tal op]ations 7 p]=m$ on ! bones ( inmates4 ,!re 7 ?ree k9ds ( bone op]ations--fractures1 bone transplantations1 & bone spl9ts4 ,"s ( ! ,poli% girls 7 op]at$ on sev]al times4 ,9 ! case ( ,kry/yna ,dabska1 ,maczka took ,x-ray pictures ( bo? legs & discov]$ t small pieces ( ! fibulae _h be5 remov$4 ,9 ! case ( "o leg ! p]io/eum _h also be5 tak5 out4 ,z(ia ,baj 0 op]at$ on 9 a simil> mann]4 ,jan9a ,m>czewska & ,leon>da ,bi5 7 subject$ to ! bone fracture exp]im5ts4 ,! tibia 0 brok5 9 sev]al places & 9 ! case ( "o ( ! girls1 clamps 7 appli$ :ile 9 ! case ( ! o!r !y 7 n4 ,^! op]ations imp$$ ! locomotion ( ! girls op]at$ on4 ,bone incision op]ations 7 p]=m$ on ,b>b>a ,pietczyk1 a ,poli% girl #af ye>s old4 ,%e 0 op]at$ on six times4 ,dur+ ! fir/ op]ation incisions 7 made 9 ea* tibia4 ,dur+ a lat] op]ation pieces ( ! tibia 7 cut out :]e incisions _h be5 previ\sly made4 ,maczka took an ,x-ray ( ! pieces ( tibia t 7 remov$4 ,z a result ( ^! bone op]ations1 ,maczka obs]v$ ! developm5t ( two cases ( o/eomyelitis1 ,m>ia ,grab[ska & ,m>ia ,cabaj4 7,tr4 pp4 #adde-g47 ,a r l>ge gr\p ( muscle exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$4 ,"h aga9 multiple op]ations 7 c>ri$ out on ! same subject4 ,gl$ziewj[ska 0 op]at$ on mo/ frequ5tly4 ,dur+ ! fir/ op]ation c]ta9 muscles 7 remov$ & dur+ subsequ5t op]ations additional pieces 7 cut out1 always at ! same place1 s t ! legs got ?9n] & weak] all ! "t4 7,tr4 p4 #addg47 ,transplantation ( :ole limbs f "o p]son to ano!r 0 also c>ri$ out4 ,maczka te/ifi$ t ab\t #aj feeble-m9d$ inmates 7 select$1 tak5 to ! hospital & prep>$ = op]ation4 ,%e knew p]sonally t at lea/ two ( ^! p]sons 7 op]at$ on4 ,"o case 0 a leg amputation4 ,foll[+ ?is op]ation1 ! exp]im5tal subject 0 kill$ & plac$ 9 a special room :]e ! dead 7 kept4 ,maczka 0 able to obs]ve ! corpse & saw t !re 0 only "o leg4 ,9 ! second case an abnormal woman 0 op]at$ on by ,dr4 ,fis*]4 ,:5 he left ! op]at+ room he c>ri$ ) him a bundle wrapp$ up 9 l95 ab\t ! size ( an arm4 ,he took ?is away ) him4 ,! prison nurse1 ,qu]nheim1 in=m$ ,maczka t ! :ole arm ) %\ld] blade 0 remov$ f ?is woman4 7,tr4 p4 #addh47 ,! amputation ( ! arm & %\ld] blade m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,maczka obvi\sly ref]s to ! transplantation p]=m$ on ! pati5t ,ladis* at ,hoh5ly*54 ,z to ?is1 ! def5dant ,fis*] /at$ 9 8 affidavit z foll[s3 8,z a disciple ( ,lex]1 ,gebh>dt _h already plann$ long ago a free het]opla/ic transplantation ( bone4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t "s ( 8 co-work]s did n agree1 he 0 resolv$ to c>ry out su* an op]ation on ! pati5t1 ,ladis*1 ^: %\ld] jo9t 0 remov$ because ( a s>coma4 8,i & my m$ical colleagues urg$ pr(essional & human objections up until ! ev5+ be=e ! op]ation 0 p]=m$1 b ,gebh>dt ord]$ u to c>ry out ! op]ations4 ,dr4 ,/umpfegg]1 9 ^: field ( rese>* ?is op]ation 01 0 suppos$ to p]=m ! removal ( ! scapula at ,rav5sbrueck & _h already made initial arrangem5ts = x4 ,h[ev]1 because ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt requir$ ,doctor ,/umpfegg] to assi/ him 9 ! actual transplantation ( ! %\ld] to ! pati5t ,ladis*1 ,i 0 ord]$ to g to ,rav5sbrueck & p]=m ! op]ation ( removal on t ev5+4 ,i ask$ ,doctors ,gebh>dt & ,s*ulze to describe exactly ! te*nique :i* !y wi%$ me to foll[4 ,! next morn+ ,i drove to ,rav5sbrueck aft] ,i _h made a previ\s appo9tm5t by telephone4 ,at ,hoh5ly*5 ,i _h already made ! normal initial prep>ation = an op]ation1 namely1 scrubb+1 etc41 m]ely put on my coat1 & w5t to ,rav5sbrueck & remov$ ! bone4 8,! camp physician :o 0 assi/+ me 9 ! op]ation cont9u$ ) x :ile ,i return$ to ,hoh5ly*5 z quickly z possible ) ! bone :i* 0 to be transplant$4 ,9 ?is mann] ! p]iod betwe5 removal & transplantation 0 %ort5$4 ,at ,hoh5ly*5 ! bone 0 h&$ ov] to ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt1 & he1 toge!r ) ,doctor ,s*ulze & ,doctor ,/umpfegg]1 transplant$ x40 7,,no-#bbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjf47 ,gebh>dt admitt$ t he1 toge!r ) ,/umpfegg]1 p]sonally p]=m$ ! bone transplantation op]ation on ,ladis*4 ,he te/ifi$ fur!r t ,fis*] only remov$ ! scapula1 %\ld] blade1 f ! ,poli% female inmate at ,rav5sbrueck4 7,tr4 p4 #dbce47 ,x is impossible to raise ! arm above ! horizontal if ! scapula has be5 remov$4 7,tr4 p4 #dbce47 ,gebh>dt fur!r admitt$ t ,/umpfegg] report$ to him on ! bone exp]im5ts 9 ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp4 7,tr4 p4 #dbce47 ,! affidavit ( ,gu/awa ,w9k[ska corroborates ! te/imony ( ,maczka conc]n+ ! transplantation ( :ole limbs & e/abli%es t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 lat] kill$4 7,,no-#hfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bca47 ,! witness ,k>olewska 0 a subject 9 bo? ! sulfanilamide & bone exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #hcc1 #hcf-g47 ,%e 0 op]at$ on a total ( six times4 ,! fir/ op]ation 0 conduct$ on #ad ,augu/ #aidb by ,fis*]4 7,tr4 p4 #hai47 ,gebh>dt inspect$ h] e>ly 9 ,septemb]4 7,tr4 p4 #hba47 ,%e 0 s5t back to h] block on #h ,septemb] #aidb1 b 0 unable to walk & rema9$ 9 b$ = a week4 ,on #af ,septemb] #aidb %e 0 aga9 tak5 to ! hospital & op]at$ on = ! second "t by ,fis*]4 7,tr4 pp4 #hba-b47 ,%e left ! hospital on #f ,octob] #aidb & rema9$ 9 b$ = sev]al weeks4 ,h] leg did n heal until ,june #aidc 7,tr4 pp4 #hbb-c74 ,%e fil$ a writt5 prote/ ) ! camp comm&]1 toge!r ) o!r exp]im5tal subjects 9 ,febru>y #aidc4 ,9 ,augu/ #aidc %e 0 op]at$ on lit]ally by =ce 9 ! bunk] at ,rav5sbrueck4 ,bo? h] legs 7 cut op54 ,^! op]ations 7 c>ri$ out on five o!r ,poli% girls "u indescribably fil?y conditions4 ,on #ae ,septemb] #aidc a fur!r op]ation 0 p]=m$ on h] "r leg by a doctor f ,hoh5ly*54 ,two weeks lat] h] left leg 0 op]at$ on & pieces ( ! %9bone 7 remov$4 ,%e /ay$ 9 ! hospital = #f mon?s--until ! end ( ,febru>y #aidd4 7,tr4 pp4 #hbh-i47 ,k>olewska id5tifi$ ! def5dants ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 & ,ob]heus] z hav+ p>ticipat$ 9 ! exp]im5ts on h]4 7,tr4 pp4 #hah1 #hcj47 ,! def5dant ,fis*] p>ticipat$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts until at lea/ #bc ,febru>y #aidc4 ,on t date he c>ri$ out a second op]ation on ,z(ia ,baj4 7,,no-#hga1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbg47 ,! mo/ disgu/+ s]ies ( op]ations 7 ^? c>ri$ out 9 ,augu/ #aidc 9 ! bunk]4 ,! ,poli% girls select$ _h revolt$ & refus$ to report to ! hospital4 ,! b>rack block 9 :i* !y _h b>ricad$ !mselves 0 !n surr\nd$ by male gu>ds :o c>ri$ ^! wom5 (f =cibly to ! camp prison1 kn[n z ! ,bunk]1 :]e !y 7 held d[n by ^! male gu>ds & =cibly anae/hetiz$ )\t any pre-op]ative c>e1 & ) _! bodies /ill 9 a fil?y condition f walk+ ar\nd ! camp4 ,! exp]im5tal subject ,piasecka /at$ 9 h] affidavit z foll[s3 8,i resi/$ & hit ,tromm] 9 ! face & call$ him a b&it4 ,he call$ "s ,,ss male gu>ds :o ?rew me on ! floor & held me d[n :ile e!r 0 p\r$ ov] my face4 ,!re 0 no mask4 ,i f\ght & resi/$ until ,i lo/ consci\sness4 ,i 0 completely dress$ & my legs 7 fil?y dirty f walk+ 9 ! camp4 ,z f> z ,i "k my legs 7 n wa%$4 ,i saw my si/] dur+ ?is "t unconsci\s on a /ret*]1 vomit+ muc\s40 7,,no-#hfd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbi7 ,piasecka /at$ t ?is op]ation 0 c>ri$ out by ,dr4 ,villmann :o 0 an assi/ant doctor at ,hoh5ly*54 ,a few weeks lat] two o!r assi/ant doctors to ,gebh>dt came & op]at$ on h] "r leg4 7,,no-#hfd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bbi47 ,9 8 te/imony ,gebh>dt attempt$ to disassociate himself f ^! exp]im5ts4 ,he admitt$ h[ev] t he receiv$ in=mation f ,/umpfegg] ab\t ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #djhb1 #djhg-i47 ,/umpfegg] 0 a =m] assi/ant ( ,gebh>dt's & he /ay$ at ,hoh5ly*5 dur+ ! c\rse ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,fis*] assi/$ ,/umpfegg] & ,gebh>dt4 7,tr4 pp4 #dbcj1 #djij47 ,x is fur!r e/abli%$ by ,fis*]'s own affidavit t ! plan = ! exp]im5ts 0 work$ out ) ! k & approval ( ,gebh>dt4 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt#dc ,! ,exp]im5ts ,conc]n+ ,bone1 ,muscle1 & ,n]ve ,reg5]ation & ,bone ,graft+ ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt is also *>g$ 9 ! indictm5t ) p>ticul> responsibility 9 ! exp]im5ts1 ^: object accord+ to ! indictm5t 0 ! exam9ation ( ! conditions "u :i* ! reg5]ation ( bones1 muscles1 & n]ves result$1 & "u :at conditions ! graft+ ( bones 0 possible4 ,) reg>d to ! g5]al reasons :y !re c be no "q ( guilt1 ,i ref] to ! /atem5ts ,i h already made 9 connection ) ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts4 ,^! exp]im5ts1 too1 7 occasion$ by conditions ( w> & 7 to op5 up new ways ( treat+ s]i\sly w\nd$ p]sons4 ,! evid5ce1 h[ev]1 has %[n t ! def5dant ,gebh>dt1 ) a s+le exception1 _h no?+ to d ) ^! exp]im5ts4 ,^! exp]im5ts1 ins(> z !y 7 conc]n$ ) ! reg5]ation & graft+ ( bones1 7 c>ri$ out by ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,/umpfegg]4 ,x is correct t ,dr4 ,/umpfegg] 0 assi/ant doctor 9 ! cl9ic 9 ,hoh5ly*5 be=e ! w>1 & to t ext5t subord9ate to its *ief doctor1 ,dr4 ,gebh>dt4 ,dr4 ,/umpfegg]1 h[ev]1 left 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! w>1 & 9 ! ye> #aidb became consult+ physician to ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] & lat] consult+ physician to ,hitl]4 ,! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by him 9 ,rav5sbrueck 7 c>ri$ out on 8 own responsibility1 & ^u direct ord]s f ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml]4 ,dr4 ,/umpfegg] at t "t 0 nei!r "u ! milit>y nor ! m$ical sup]vision ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt4 ,= ! rema9d]1 ,dr4 ,/umpfegg] limit$ himself to c>ry+ out exp]im5ts 9 ! removal & graft+ ( s-call$ bone spl9t]s1 ! exact numb] ( :i* c no long] be det]m9$ n[1 b :i* c]ta9ly did n exce$ six to eight4 ,^! 7 aseptic op]ations1 :i* con/itut$ no dang] to ! life ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,! evid5ce has %[n t ! exp]im5tal subjects f :om ! bone spl9t]s 7 remov$ suff]$ no r$uction 9 ! function ( _! limbs4 ,besides1 ! exam9ation ( ! transplantation process ( bones a*iev$ a rese>* result t c\ld n be atta9$ f ! animal exp]im5ts because ( ! v>iety ( ! /ipulat$ reg5]ation areas caus$ by ! location ( ! v>i\s species & = ! o!r reasons giv5 by ,gebh>dt4 ,! evid5ce has fur!r %[n t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 memb]s ( ! resi/ance movem5t :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea? & :o 7 9 ?is way giv5 an opportunity to obta9 a p>don1 & s to escape execution4 ,9 view ( ! fact t no direct responsibility = ^! exp]im5ts falls on ! def5dant ,gebh>dt1 x is n necess>y to g into ! purpose ( ^! exp]im5ts fur!r at ?is "t4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be emphasiz$ once m t ! exp]im5ts 7 to op5 up new possibilities 9 w>time surg]y & re/orative surg]y on ! w\nd$4 ,9 #aidd1 ,dr4 ,ludwig ,/umpfegg] publi%$ ! results ( 8 exp]im5ts 9 ! p]iodical = surg]y ! editor ( :i* 0 ,geheimrat ,dr4 ,sau]bru* 7vol4 #bei1 issue #i-ab7 & ?is article 0 also made available to ! public 9 book =m4 ,i h submitt$ to ! ,c\rt 7,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] #f1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #i7 a review ( ?is "w 9 ! p]iodical1 8,cl9ic & ,practice0 ( ,febru>y #aidf & ref] to ?is = ! details4 ,! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt w\ld c]ta9ly n h hesitat$ to admit 8 responsibility = ^! exp]im5ts if he _h actually be5 m closely connect$ ) !m1 & if ! exp]im5ts _h tak5 place at 8 behe/ or "u 8 m$ical sup]vision4 ,!re w\ld h be5 little reason to d5y ?is responsibility s9ce ! exp]im5ts conc]n$ 7 completely )\t dang]2 !y result$ 9 no r$uction ( ! function ( ! limbs1 &1 moreov]1 no fatalities occurr$4 ,fur!rmore1 correspond+ to ! g5]al practice 9 ,g]many1 ! "w ( ,dr4 ,/umpfegg] "u ! sci5tific responsibility ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt w\ld h be5 made public if he _h be5 directly conc]n$ ) ! exp]im5ts1 & if !y _h be5 c>ri$ out "u 8 sci5tific sup]vision4 ,nor did ! evid5ce prove t !re 7 any exp]im5ts c>ri$ out 9 connection ) muscle & n]ve reg5]ation "u ! sci5tific sup]vision & by ord] ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,x ev5 seems d\btful t any su* exp]im5ts 7 ev] c>ri$ out 9 ,rav5sbrueck4 ,! witnesses call$ be=e ?is c\rt 7 unable to make any /atem5ts ab\t ?is matt] & x may be tak5 = grant$ t 9 any case ! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt _h no?+ to d ) ^! exp]im5ts4 ,!re 0 no po9t 9 c>ry+ out su* exp]im5ts z1 long be=e ! w>1 ! surgical te*nique _h already be5 develop$ on sci5tific pr9ciples & set d[n 9 a sy/em4 ,x cov]s pla/ic surgical bone reg5]ation b does n advocate free transplantation4 ,! only new field ( sci5tific rese>* tak5 up by ,dr4 ,gebh>dt dur+ ! w> 0 t ( exp]im5ts connect$ ) n]ve op]ations4 ,^! exp]im5ts 71 h[ev]1 c>ri$ out on animals by ! special ord] & "u ! sci5tific sup]vision ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt himself4 ,i am "h ref]r+ to ! affidavits giv5 by ! witnesses ,koe/l] 7,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] #bb1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #ba7 & ,brunn] 7,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] #ba1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #bj71 & to ! /atem5ts made by ! def5dant ,gebh>dt himself on ! witness /&4 ,i am fur!r ref]r+ to ! report ( ! ,?ird ,session ,ea/ ( ! ,consult+ ,speciali/s on #bd-bf ,may #aidc 7,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] #c1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #aj7 :i* ,i h pres5t$ 9 ,c\rt & :i* proves t dur+ ?is session he himself & ! a=em5tion$ witness1 ,dr4 ,koe/l]1 spoke ab\t graft+ op]ations 9 cases ( n]v\s p>alysis4 ,?is is ! same report to :i* ! witness ,dr4 ,koe/l] ref]r$ 9 8 affidavit ( #bg ,febru>y #aidg4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i wi% to draw ! att5tion ( ?is ,c\rt to ! lecture giv5 by ! def5dant ,gebh>dt 9 ! same report on 8,gymna/ic ,!rapy & ,mobilization ( ! ,jo9ts0 :i* is also bas$ ^u cl9ical exp]i5ce 9 ,hoh5ly*5 & also has no?+ :atev] to d ) m$ical exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,! evid5ce has fur!r prov$ t ! def5dant ,gebh>dt 0 conc]n$ ) ! transplantation ( bones 9 "o case only4 ,?is exp]im5t 0 ! free transplantation ( a %\ld] blade f "o p]son to ano!r4 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt has giv5 a detail$ acc\nt ( ?is on ! witness /& & ,i am ref]r+ y to 8 /atem5t on ?is po9t4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! foll[+ has to be add$3 ,! free transplantation ( bones f "o p]son to ano!r is "o ( ! great problems ( re/orative surg]y :i* has yet to be solv$4 ,= decades1 physicians h be5 try+ to f9d a solution to ?is problem4 ,z e>ly z ! end ( ! ,fir/ ,_w ,w>1 ,geheimrat ,lex]1 ! great tea*] ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt1 conduct$ exp]im5ts along ^! l9es 9 #bc cases1 aim+ at ! replacem5t ( completely de/roy$ bones4 ,! t]rible injuries :i* occurr$ dur+ ! ,second ,_w ,w> made ?is problem /ill m urg5t & x is1 !re=e1 und]/&able t 9 view ( ! progress ,dr4 ,/umpfegg] _h made 9 8 rese>*1 he 0 ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to make use ( ?is rese>* result 9 ! direct transplantation ( bones4 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt himself did n take any /eps 9 ?is direction4 ,he himself has /at$ 8 fundam5tal attitude z to ?is "q & ,i ref] to 8 own /atem5ts4 ,only 9 "o case did he give 8 approval1 viz3 :5 ,dr4 ,/umpfegg] c>ri$ out ! exp]im5t ( transplant+ a %\ld] blade4 ,! ord] to d ?is 0 giv5 by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,?is exp]im5t 0 ju/ifi$ 9 ?is p>ticul> case z x took place = ! b5efit ( a pati5t 9 s]i\s dang]4 ,! exp]im5tal p]son f :om ! %\ld] blade 0 tak5 0 also a memb] ( ! resi/ance movem5t & %e1 too1 ?us escap$ execution4 ,fur!rmore1 ! %\ld] blade 9 "q belong$ to a h& re/rict$ 9 its function4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,pros4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#hge #bcj ,affidavit ( ,mrs4 ,zd5ka #djj ,n$v$ova-,nej$la1 ,m4 ,d41 ( ,prague1 conc]n+ exp]im5tal op]ations conduct$ on fell[ inmates at ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp4 ,,no-#hfa #bcb ,affidavit ( ,s(ia ,maczka1 #af #djb ,april #aidf1 conc]n+ exp]im5tal op]ations on inmates ( ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp4 ,,no-#egi #bhh ,phosphor\s burns artificially #ijd inflict$ on inmates ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 7,see ,selections f ! ,photographic ,evid5ce ( ! ,prosecution47 ,def5se ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,def4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,gebh>dt1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,extract f 8,cl9ic & #dje ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #i ,practice01 weekly j\rnal = ,ob]heus] #f ! practic+ physician1 reg>d+ bone transplantation4 ,gebh>dt1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,extracts f affidavit ( ,dr4 #djg ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #bj ,k>l ,fri$ri* ,brunn]1 #ad ,ob]heus] #ba ,m>* #aide1 conc]n+ sci5tific exp]im5ts conduct$ at ! cl9ic ( ,hoh5ly*54 ,gebh>dt1 ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 ,extract f affidavit ( ,dr4 #djh ,fis*]1 ,ob]heus] ,ex4 #ba ,josef ,koe/l]1 #bg ,febru>y ,ob]heus] #bb #aidg1 conc]n+ ,dr4 ,gebh>dt's activities4 ,te/imony ,extracts f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,miss ,k>olewska #dji ,extract f ! te/imony ( ! prosecution exp]t witness ,dr4 ,leo #dag ,alex&]4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#hge ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bcj ,,affidavit ,,( ,,mrs4 ,,zd5ka ,,n$v$ova-,,nej$la1 ,m4 ,d41 ,,( ,,prague1 ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5tal ,,op]ations ,,conduct$ ,,on ,,fell[ ,,inmates ,,at ,,rav5sbrueck ,,conc5tration ,,camp #a4 ,i1 ,zd5ka ,n$v$ova-,nej$la1 ,m4 ,d4 came to ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp 9 a transport f ,aus*witz on #ai ,augu/ #aidc1 & ,i work$ 9 ! sick bay z a doctor prison] f ,septemb] #aidc until #cj ,may #aide4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,i work$ 9 ! ,dep>tm5t = ,contagi\s ,diseases at ,/ation ,no4 #a & ! ,ambulatory4 ,besides ?is1 ,i 0 9 *>ge ( ,suck+ ,block f ! fall ( #aidd until ,may #aide4 #b4 ,( ! victims ( exp]im5tal op]ations1 ,i nurs$ p]sonally ,hel5a ,piasecka1 :o 0 suff]+ f *ronic o/eomyelitis aft] complet$ op]ation ( bo? %9 bones4 ,i knew t ^! op]ations 7 p]=m$ "u ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt's sup]vision by ,doctor ,fis*]1 & a woman1 ,doctor ,ob]heus]1 f ! ,,ss ,hospital ,hoh5ly*51 b ,i d n "k :i* "o ( !m _h op]at$ on ,piasecka4 ,! op]ation 0 p]=m$ 9 ! 8bunk]10 camp prison1 :]e !re 7 n ev5 ! mo/ primitive sanit>y in/allations & ev5 few] aseptic in/allations4 ,h] g5]al condition 0 good1 b ! defect 9 bo? bones made h] an invalid = life4 ,be=e ! op]ation ,piasecka 0 completely heal?y4 #c4 ,all wom5 on :om exp]im5tal op]ations _h be5 p]=m$ 7 plac$ 9 "o block & !y 7 g5]ally kn[n z 8rabbits10 s t ,i saw ! effects ( ! op]ations on ^? wom5 :o _h surviv$ !m4 ,9 ea* case ( abbreviation ( limbs1 muscul> atrophy ( ! highe/ degree set 91 prov+ a grave injury ( n]ves dur+ op]ations & deep indrawn sc>s :]e p>ts ( muscles _h fe/]$ away4 #d4 ,f lay reports ( nurs+ p]sonnel )\t any special tra9+1 ,i tri$ to con/ruct ! types ( exp]im5tal op]ations4 a4 ,culture ( virul5t g]ms 7/reptococci1 /aphylococci1 maybe ev5 tetanus & gas phlegmon7 7 inject$ subcutane\sly1 intramuscul>ly1 & ev5 directly into bones4 ,^! 7 ! attempts to produce o/eomyelitis exp]im5tally4 ,! result+ sepsis 0 *eck$ by daily exam9ation ( ! blood & ur9e to te/ ! effectiv5ess ( new m$icam5ts ( ! sulfanilamide gr\p4 b4 ,p>ts ( long bones1 z mu* z #e c5timet]s 7fibulae & tibiae71 7 remov$ & 9 "s cases replac$ by metal or left )\t connection4 ,^! op]ations 7 probably to prove ! inability ( bone to gr[ )\t p]io/eum4 c4 ,high amputations 7 p]=m$2 = example1 ev5 :ole arms ) %\ld] blade or legs ) osiliaca 7 amputat$4 ,^! op]ations 7 p]=m$ mo/ly on insane wom5 :o 7 imm$iately kill$ aft] ! op]ation by a quick injection ( evipan4 ,all specim5s ga9$ 9 op]ations 7 c>efully wrapp$ up 9 /]ile gauze & imm$iately transport$ to ! ,,ss hospital ne>by 7,hoh5ly*5 presumably71 :]e !y 7 to be us$ 9 ! attempt to heal ! injur$ limbs ( w\nd$ ,g]man soldi]s4 #e4 ,op]ations 7 p]=m$ on #a ,yugoslav1 #a ,cze*1 #b ,ukra9ian1 #b ,g]man1 & ab\t #ah ,poli% wom51 ( :om #f 7 op]at$ on by =ce 9 ! bunk] ) ! help ( ,,ss m54 ,two ( !m 7 %ot aft] _! op]ation w\nds _h heal$4 ,aft] op]ations1 no "o except ,,ss nurses 0 admitt$ to ! p]sons op]at$ on1 :ole nights !y lay )\t any assi/ance & x 0 n p]mitt$ to adm9i/] s$atives ev5 aga9/ ! mo/ int5sive po/op]ational pa9s4 ,f ! p]sons op]at$ on1 #aa di$ or 7 kill$1 & #ga rema9$ invalids = life4 #f4 ,! report m5tion$ 9 p>agraphs #c to #e 0 prep>$ on ! basis ( evid5ce giv5 to me at ,rav5sbrueck 9 ! autumn ( #aidc by ^! fell[ prison]s3 ,s(ia ,maczka1 ,m4 ,d41 ,pol&2 ,isa ,siczynska1 m$ical /ud5t1 ,krak[1 ,pol&2 ,jola ,krzyzan[ska1 m$ical /ud5t1 ,krak[1 ,pol&2 ,krisa ,iwanska1 m$ical /ud5t1 ,krak[1 ,pol&2 ,emilie ,skrbkova1 m$ical /ud5t1 ,praha1 ,cze*oslovakia2 & ,inka ,katn>ova1 ,m4 ,d41 ,hradec ,kralove1 ,cze*oslovakia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#hfa ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bcb ,,affidavit ,,( ,,s(ia ,,maczka#dd1 #af ,,april #aidf1 ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5tal ,,op]ations ,,on ,,inmates ,,( ,,! ,,rav5sbrueck ,,conc5tration ,,camp 99 99 99 99 99 ,in=mation conc]n+ ! exp]im5tal op]ations :i* took place 9 ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp4 ,! op]ations 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! p]iod betwe5 ! summ] ( #aidb & ! summ] ( #aidc4 ,! op]ations 7 conduct$ 9 ! camp hospital1 "u ! direction ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,gebh>dt1 ,,ss ,brigadefuehr]4 ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt 0 ! head ( ! ,hoh5ly*5 sanatorium at ,hoh5ly*5 7,meckl5burg74 ,! op]ations 7 conduct$ ) ! help ( ,dr4 ,fis*]1 :o 0 ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt's assi/ant4 ,!re 0 also ano!r assi/ant ^: "n ,i d n "k4 ,! foll[+ camp doctors p>ticipat$ 9 ?is matt]3 ,dr4 ,h]ta ,ob]heus]1 ,dr4 ,rolf ,ros5?al1 ,dr4 ,s*i$lausky2 all ,g]man nurses :o 7 employ$ !re at ! "t & two ,g]man prison]s 7,s*utzhaftgefang5e71 ,g]da ,qu]nheim & ,f9a ,pautz1 gave assi/ance4 ,poli% political prison]s 9 protective cu/ody1 f ! transports f ,w>saw & ,lubl91 numb]+ #gd1 7 *os5 z victims4 ,all ^? :o 7 *os5 7 "y1 heal?y1 & well-built wom54 ,_m 7 college or univ]sity /ud5ts4 ,! y\nge/ 0 #af ye>s ( age1 ! olde/ #dh ye>s ( age4 ,! op]ations 7 to be c>ri$ out = sci5tific purposes1 b !y _h no?+ to d ) sci5ce4 ,!y 7 c>ri$ out "u horrible conditions4 ,! doctors & ! assi/+ p]sonnel 7 n tra9$ prop]ly m$ically4 ,conditions 7 nei!r aseptic nor hygi5ic4 ,aft] op]ations1 ! pati5ts 7 left 9 %ock+ rooms )\t m$ical help1 )\t nurs+ or sup]vision4 ,! dress+s 7 made accord+ to ! :im ( ! doctors ) un/]iliz$ in/rum5ts & compresses4 ,dr4 ,ros5?al1 :o did mo/ ( ! dress+s1 excell$ himself 9 sadism4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aidc ! la/ op]ations 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! 8bunk]04 8,bunk]0 is ! "n ( ! horrible prison 9 ! camp4 ,! victims 7 tak5 !re because !y resi/$1 & !re 9 ! cell _! dirty legs 7 op]at$ on4 ,?is 0 ! 8sci5tific atmosph]e0 9 :i* ! 8sci5tific0 op]ations 7 c>ri$ out4 ,all op]ations 7 c>ri$ out on ! leg & all "u ane/hetic4 ,! op]ations 7 divid$ into two ma9 gr\ps3 #a4 ,op]ations = infect+ ! pati5t4 #b4 ,exp]im5tal aseptic op]ations4 ,! s(t "p ( ! calf ( ! leg 0 op5$ & ! op5 w\nds 7 infect$ ) bact]ia :i* 7 introduc$ into ! w\nds4 ,! foll[+ 7 us$3 /aphylococcus aureus1 o$ema malignum 7clo/ridium o$ematis maligni71 gas gangr5e bacillus 7clo/ridium p]frim g5s71 & tetanus4 ,w]onika ,kraska 0 infect$ ) tetanus4 ,%e di$ aft] a few days4 ,kazimi]a ,kur[ska 0 infect$ ) gas gangr5e bacillus2 %e di$ aft] a few days4 ,! foll[+ 7 infect$ ) o$ema malignum3 ,aniela ,lefan[icz1 ,z(ia ,kiecol1 ,alfr$a ,prus1 & ,m>ia ,kusmi]czuk4 ,! fir/ ?ree di$ aft] a few days2 ,m>ia ,kusmi]czuk surviv$ ! infection4 ,%e 0 ly+ ill = m ?an a ye> & became a cripple1 b %e is alive & is liv+ evid5ce ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,mo/ly pyrog5 /imulants 7 employ$4 ,! w\nds 7 /it*$ aft] ! infection & s]i\s illness began4 ,_m ( ! pati5ts 7 ill = mon?s & almo/ all ( !m became cripples4 ,:y did ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt1 ) 8 education1 c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts8 ,to te/ ! new drugs ( ! ,g]man ph>maceutical indu/ry2 mo/ly cibazol & albucid 7 us$4 ,ev5 tetanus 0 treat$ 9 t way4 ,! results ( ! treatm5t 7 n *eck$1 or if !y 71 x 0 done 9 su* an inadequate & sup]ficial mann]1 t x 0 ( no value4 ,! aseptic1 exp]im5tal op]ations consi/$ ( bone exp]im5ts1 muscle exp]im5ts1 & n]ve exp]im5ts4 ,! bone exp]im5ts 7 *eck$ by ,x-ray photographs4 ,z w>d att5dant ,i _h to d all ! ,x-ray photographs4 ,9 ?is way ,i 0 giv5 ! opportunity ( ga9+ an insight 9 ?is matt]4 ,! foll[+ 7 c>ri$ out3 7a7 bone break+2 7b7 bone transplantation2 & 7c7 bone graft+4 a4 ,on ! op]at+ table1 ! bones ( ! l[] "p ( bo? legs 7 brok5 into sev]al pieces ) a hamm]1 lat] !y 7 jo9$ ) clips 7= in/ance ,janiga ,m>czewska7 or )\t clips 7= in/ance ,leon>da ,bi57 & 7 put into a pla/] case4 ,?is 0 remov$ aft] sev]al days & ! legs rema9$ )\t pla/] ca/s until !y heal$4 b4 ,! transplantations 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! usual way1 except t :ole pieces ( ! fibula 7 cut out1 sometimes ) p]io/eum1 sometimes )\t p]io/eum4 ,! mo/ typical op]ation ( ?is k9d 0 c>ri$ out on ,kry/yna ,dabska4 c4 ,bone graft+4 ,^! op]ations 7 ) ! s*ool ( ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt4 ,dur+ ! prep>atory op]ation two bone spl9ts 7 put on ! tibia ( bo? legs2 dur+ ! second op]ation su* bone spl9ts 7 cut out toge!r ) ! atta*$ bones & 7 tak5 to ,hoh5ly*54 ,z a supplem5t to ! bone spl9t op]ations su* op]ations 7 also c>ri$ out on two prison]s 9 protective cu/ody :o suff]$ f de=mation ( bones ( ! o/eomyelitis type4 ,^! two 7 n ,poles1 "o ( !m 0 a ,g]man :o 0 a ,jehovah's ,witness1 ,m>ia ,konwits*ka1 & ! o!r 0 a ,ukra9ian1 ,m>ia ,hrets*ana4 ,x 0 int]e/+ = ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt to see h[ ! diseas$ bones w\ld react to su* an op]ation4 ,! muscle exp]im5ts consi/$ ( _m op]ations1 always on ! same spot1 ! upp] or l[] "p ( ! leg4 ,at ea* fur!r op]ation l>g] & l>g] pieces ( muscles 7 cut out4 ,once a small piece ( bone 0 plant$ into a muscle 7?is happ5$ to ,bab9ska74 ,dur+ n]ve op]ations p>ts ( n]ves 7 remov$ 7= in/ance ,b>b>a ,pytlewska74 ,:at problem did ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt & 8 s*ool wi% to solve by ^! exp]im5ts8 ,! problem ( ! reg5]ation ( bones1 muscles1 & n]ves4 ,0 ! ?+ c>ri$ out8 ,no4 ,x 0 n *eck$ at all1 or only insuffici5tly4 ,i d n "k :at 0 done at ,hoh5ly*5 ) ^? pieces ( bone1 muscle1 & n]ves :i* 7 cut out & tak5 !re4 ,:at 0 ! fate ( ! pati5ts aft] !y left ! hospital8 ,almo/ all ( ! pati5ts became cripples1 & suff]$ v mu* z a result ( ^! op]ations4 ,ev5 m sev]e 0 ! moral torture inflict$ on !m s9ce !y liv$ "u ! conviction t !y w\ld all be %ot 9 ord] t !y %\ld n be evid5ce ( ^! murd]\s op]ations4 ,! camp au?orities--,comm&ant ,suhr51 ,adjutant ,braeun+ & ,*ief ,sup]visor ,b9z--ensur$ ?r\gh _! ord]s t ! victims %\ld n =get t !y 7 condemn$ to dea?4 ,9 ! meantime1 six ( ! pati5ts 7 %ot aft] surviv+ ! op]ations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z a supplem5t to ^! op]ations ,i am submitt+ a description ( 8special op]ations0 :i* 7 c>ri$ out at ! same "t4 ,a few abnormal prison]s 7m5tally ill7 7 *os5 & br\ght to ! op]at+ table1 & amputations ( ! :ole leg 7at ! hip jo9t7 7 c>ri$ out1 or on o!rs1 amputation ( ! :ole arm 7) ! %\ld] blade7 7 c>ri$ out4 ,aft]w>ds ! victims 7if !y /ill liv$7 7 kill$ by means ( evipan injections & ! leg or arm 0 tak5 to ,hoh5ly*5 & s]v$ ! purposes kn[n to ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt4 ,t5 su* op]ations1 approximately1 7 c>ri$ out4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! "t ^! op]ations 7 c>ri$ out1 ,i 0 employ$ z a work] 9 ! w>d & inve/igat$ ?is matt] risk+ my own life1 ) ! idea t x 0 my duty1 if ,i 7 sav$1 to tell ! tru? to ! _w4 ,i conclude my /atem5t ) two que/ions3 ,:at k9d ( recomp5se c ! _w (f] to ^? :o 7 op]at$ on 9 su* a mann]8 ,:at k9d ( ju/ice has ! _w = ^? :o c>ri$ out su* op]ations8 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,maczka1 ,,z(ia ,dr4 m$4 ,z(ia ,maczka ,x-ray speciali/ f ,krak[4 ,=m] political prison] 9 protective cu/ody ,no4 #gdjc at ,rav5sbrueck1 n[ 9 ,/ockholm1 ,s]afim]las>ettet1 ,ro5tg54 ,/ockholm1 #af ,april #aidf ,,translation ,,( ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,docum5t #f ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,def5se ,,exhibit #i ,,extract ,,f 8,,cl9ic ,,& ,,practice01 ,,weekly ,,j\rnal ,,= ,,! ,,practic+ ,,physician1 ,,reg>d+ ,,bone ,,transplantation ,editors3 ,dr4 ,h]b]t ,volkmann & ,dr4 ,v4 ,e4 ,m]t5s1 ,muni* #b1 ,alfons/rasse #a ,no4 #a ,muni*1 ,febru>y #aidf ,volume #a page #ab ,discussions & extracts page #ad ,surg]y ,ludwig ,/umpfegg]--,hoh5ly*53 ,! free autopla/ic bone transplantation 9 ! re/orative surg]y ( limbs--exp]i5ces & results4 ,dur+ ! pa/ #aj ye>s1 #dga free autopla/ic bone transplantations 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,hoh5ly*54 ,rec5t rese>* results cle>ly %[$ t ap>t f ! o/eopla/ic activity1 a metapla/ic =mation ( new bone occurs 9 ! tissue4 ,! newly =m$ bone trabeculae betwe5 transplant & old bone beg9 to connect ) ^? =m$ 9 ! o/eoid tissue 9 ! sev5? week1 & 9 ?is way con/itute ! bone connection betwe5 ! graft & ! orig9al bone :i* h completely gr[n toge!r 9 ! n9? week4 ,aft] ! twelf? week no old bone c be detect$ 9 ! entire region ( ! orig9al graft1 b only new bone trabecula4 ,! "q ( ! ev] pres5t hematoma c be answ]$ 9 ?is way3 a blood extravasation1 ly+ 9 ! gap betwe5 ! transplant & ! old bone1 & n be+ subject to pressure1 repres5ts an adequate /imulation to ! mes5*ymal g]m9al tissue =mation1 :ile ! l>ge hemorrhage repres5ts a negative /imulation & p]mits only a sc>ry connection ( ! transplant & ! defective /ump4 ,! p]io/eum is no m important ?an ! o!r lay]s1 x is transplant$ ) ! bone1 because 9 connection ) ! bone x has o/eog5etic prop]ties1 b above all x effects a spe$y supply f ! surr\nd+s4 ,a c>eful te*nique mu/ be employ$ to sp>e ! tissue lay]s1 & ble$+ mu/ be /an*$4 ,=eign bodies 9 ! %ape ( wire sl+s to hold ! transplant usually heal well into ! body4 ,firm fixation 9 a pla/] ca/ safegu>ds ! result4 ,:5 ! graft has tak51 a c>eful />t ) rem$ial ex]cises may be made 9 ! ?ird or f\r? mon?4 ,! cl9ical use ( free bone transplantations is discuss$ ) ! help ( num]\s examples & _m ,x-ray illu/rations4 ,! fir/ task ( ! bone transplant to bridge ov] a gap 9 ! bone is to provide suffici5t support = ! defective /ump &1 !re=e1 x has to be fairly /rong4 ,bone spl9t]s 9 ! l[] arm h ro5tg5ologically completely tak5 aft] #a-a ye>s1 ^? 9 ! tibia aft] #a-b ye>s4 ,! free bone transplant1 "s di/ance f ! jo9ts1 has prov$ to be p>ticul>ly valuable ) ! usual dislocations ( ! %\ld] & ! hip jo9ts4 ,! ov]lapp+ bone ridge prev5ts ! bone f com+ out ( ! articul> cavity4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ye>s1 ! piece ly+ 9 ! s(t p>ts is consid]ably r$uc$1 s t only a small bone ridge rema9s4 ,! graft effects a reg5]ation ( ! damag$ edge ( ! articul> cavity & 9 ?is way prev5ts fur!r dislocation4 ,bone transplants 9 bone gaps aft] removal ( gr[?s are subject to special conditions ( tak+4 ,hyp]emic ph5om5a 9 ! zone ( ! tumor edge 9 ! =m ( a mild inflammation1 possibly also f]m5tation processes1 accel]ate ! tak+ ( ! transplant comp>$ ) ! process 9 heal?y tissue4 ,increas$ local resorption processes1 occasionally ) spontane\s fractures1 infrequ5tly prevail1 b !y aga9 are apt to heal well4 ,9 w\nds :i* heal ) difficulty ow+ to suppurative inflammations1 !re is a great dang] ( ! transplant be+ pu%$ out4 ,:5 ! :ole transplant region is inflam$1 total seque/ration _c be /opp$4 ,if suppuration rema9s localiz$1 p>tial seque/ration ( ! transplantation mu/ be await$4 7,g]man ,surgical ,j\rnal1 #aidd1 ,vol4 #bii1 ,h4 #i-ab4 ,h4 ,flo]ck5-,frankfurt am ,ma947 ,,translation ,,( ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,docum5t #ba ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,def5se ,,exhibit #bj ,,extracts ,,f ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,k>l ,,fri$ri* ,,brunn]1 #ad ,,m>* #aidc1 ,,conc]n+ ,,sci5tific ,,exp]im5ts ,,conduct$ ,,at ,,! ,,cl9ic ,,( ,,hoh5ly*5 99 99 99 99 99 ,i c /ate ! foll[+ reg>d+ ! sci5tific exp]im5ts at ! cl9ic ( ,hoh5ly*53 ,x 0 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples ( ! cl9ic &1 !re=e1 ( ! *ief & 8 deputy to collect sci5tific results arriv$ at ?r\gh cl9ical obs]vations4 ,all reports at congresses & lectures z well z publications 7 bas$ on ^! results4 ,! sci5tific "w & rese>* 7 normally det]m9$ by ! obs]vations made on ! pati5ts4 ,9 addition to ?is1 & 9 ord] to cl>ify ! "q ( surgical treatm5t ( n]ve injuries1 exp]im5ts on dogs 7 c>ri$ out 9 close collaboration ) ,gebh>dt--fir/ by ,dr4 ,koe/l] 9 #aici-dj1 lat] by myself f #aidc to ! end ( ! w>4 ,i 0 ord]$ by ,dr4 ,gebh>dt to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts on animals at ! tra9+ & exp]im5tal /ation = dogs ,hundelehr- und ,v]su*san/alt1 :i* e/abli%m5t 0 situat$ outside ! conc5tration camp ,rav5sbrueck1 & ,i 0 /rictly caution$ n to ent] into any k9d ( contact ) ! conc5tration camp itself4 ,! animal exp]im5ts 7 /rictly cont9u$ until ! end ( ! w>4 ,! results 7 nev] publi%$ because ( w> conditions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,reg>d+ ,dr4 ,/umpfegg]1 ,i c /ate t he 0 an assi/ant ( ! cl9ic 9 peacetime1 be=e ,i arriv$4 ,at ! outbreak ( w> 9 #aici he jo9$ ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 & 0 !n1 z f> z ,i "k1 f #aidb onw>ds an escort+ physician ( ,himml]4 ,i did n see ,dr4 ,/umpfegg] on my return to ,hoh5ly*5 9 autumn #aidc1 nor _h he any (ficial connection ) ! cl9ic up to ! end ( ! w>1 ei!r 9 a m$ical or 9 a milit>y s5se4 ,he did n h to report 8 return or dep>ture to ! *ief physician or to 8 deputy4 ,8 family1 h[ev]1 /ill liv$ at ,hoh5ly*54 ,i /ill met him occasionally outside ! m$ical sph]e4 ,i emphasize t dur+ my pres5ce at ! cl9ic f #a ,septemb] #aidc up to ! end ( ! w>1 z f> z ,i "k--& f9ally ,i 0 direct+ ! cl9ic--no assi/ant 0 draft$ f ,hoh5ly*5 to ,rav5sbrueck4 ,i "k t ! speciali/ 9 pulmon>y diseases1 ,dr4 ,heissmey]1 0 work+ z an assi/ant & lat] z *ief physician 9 ! s-call$ sanatorium ,hoh5ly*5 ev5 be=e ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt took ov] ,hoh5ly*54 ,?is sanatorium 0 /rictly deta*$ f ! surgical w>ds ( ! hospital at ,hoh5ly*5 & 0 n "u ! pr(essional sup]vision ( ! *ief physician nor ( 8 deputy2 i4 e41 ,dr4 ,heissmey] look$ aft] 8 pati5ts )\t any sup]vision by ! surgeon1 he made no reports to ! *ief or 8 deputy1 he did n p>ticipate 9 ! daily discussions ( ! physicians1 he _h 8 own /aff ( assi/ants & c>ri$ out 8 treatm5ts & op]ations indep5d5tly2 he also plann$ 8 duty j\rneys indep5d5tly & made ^! )\t report+ to ! *ief or 8 deputy on dep>ture or return4 ,,translation ,,( ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,docum5t #bb ,,gebh>dt1 ,,fis*]1 ,,ob]heus] ,,def5se ,,exhibit #ba ,,extract ,,f ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,jose ,,koe/l]1 #bg ,,febru>y #aidg1 ,,conc]n+ ,,dr4 ,,gebh>dt',s ,,activities 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,gebh>dt & ,i1 at ! ,?ird ,conf]5ce ( ,consult+ ,speciali/s ( ! ,g]man ,wehrma*t 9 ,may #aidc1 lectur$ on surgical aid = p]iph]al n]ve damage1 we 71 on ! "o h&1 int]pret+ ! results ( animal exp]im5ts c>ri$ out on dogs f #aich to #aidj 9 ! ,lang5beck-,vir*[ ,hospital1 ,b]l91 & 9 ! in/itutes ( ,pr(essor ,holz 7,in/itute = ,exp]im5tal ,hormone & ,canc] ,rese>*7 & ,pr(essor ,o/]tag 7,pa?ological ,in/itute71 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ann\nc+ surgical me?ods z !y _h be5 frequ5tly us$ dur+ ! previ\s ye>s4 ,"u ! title ( 8,prep>atory & ,re/orative ,surg]y 9 cases ( ,p]iph]al ,n]ve ,damage10 ,i record$ ^! exp]i5ces 9 ! 8,g]man ,j\rnal = ,surg]y10 volume #bei1 ,nos4 #a-d1 #aidc1 & 9 my habilitation pap] 7#aidc1 ,univ]sity ( ,b]l974 ,i emphasize expressly t ?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 c>ri$ out exclusively on animals4 ,f #a ,july #aich to #bf ,augu/ #aici ,i 0 9 ! ,r$ ,cross hospital at ,hoh5ly*5 7,dep>tm5t = ,sport & ,indu/rial ,injuries74 ,dur+ ! foll[+ w> ye>s1 aft] ,i 0 draft$ into ! ,wehrma*t1 ,i work$ !re repeat$ly = %ort p]iods4 ,i am conv9c$ t ! m$ical c>e !re 0 on an especially high level & t ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt z *ief physician did ev]y?+ possible to improve ! treatm5t & its results4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,miss ,,k>olewska#de ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,:at is y\r "n1 please8 ,,witness ,,k>olewska3 ,k>olewska4 ,q4 ,& t is spell$ ,k-a-r-o-l-e-w-s-k-a8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,7 y born on #ae ,m>* #aiji at ,y]oman8 ,a4 ,i 0 born on #ae ,m>* #aiji 9 ,y]oman4 ,q4 ,y are a citiz5 ( ,pol&8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i am a ,poli% citiz54 ,q4 ,& h y come "h z a volunt>y witness8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i came "h z a volunt>y witness4 ,q4 ,:at is y\r home address8 ,a4 ,w>saw1 ,inzyni]ska ,/reet1 ,no4 #i1 ,flat ,no4 #be4 ,q4 ,are y m>ri$8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,are y\r p>5ts liv+8 ,a4 ,no1 my p>5ts are dead4 ,q4 ,w y tell ! ,tribunal :at education y h receiv$8 ,a4 ,i f9i%$ elem5t>y s*ool1 & complet$ ! tra9+ s*ool = tea*]s 9 #aibh4 ,q4 ,& :at did y d betwe5 #aibh & ! beg9n+ ( ! w> 9 #aici8 ,a4 ,i work$ z a tea*] 9 a *ildr5's s*ool 9 ,grud5z4 ,q4 ,& :5 did y leave t po/8 ,a4 ,i f9i%$ my "w 9 ,june #aici & w5t on holiday4 ,q4 ,& did y g back to ?is position aft] y\r holiday8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i did n g back because ! w> broke out & ,i /ay$ 9 ,lubl94 ,q4 ,& :at did y d :ile y 7 9 ,lubl98 ,a4 ,i liv$ ) my si/] & did n "w at all4 ,q4 ,7 y a memb] ( ! ,poli% ,resi/ance ,movem5t8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i 04 ,q4 ,& :at did y d 9 ! ,poli% ,resi/ance ,movem5t8 ,a4 ,i 0 a mess5g]4 ,q4 ,& 7 y ev] arre/$ = y\r activity 9 ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t8 ,a4 ,i 0 arre/$ on ! #ac? ( ,febru>y #aida by ! ,ge/apo4 ,q4 ,0 y\r si/] arre/$ ) y8 ,a4 ,two si/]s & two bro!rs-9-law 7 arre/$ ) me on ! same day4 ,q4 ,:at happ5$ to y aft] y 7 arre/$8 ,a4 ,i 0 tak5 to ! ,ge/apo4 ,q4 ,& :at did ! ,ge/apo d ) y8 ,a4 ,! fir/ day ! ,ge/apo took d[n my p]sonal data & s5t me to ! prison 9 ,lubl94 ,q4 ,& !n :at happ5$8 ,j g on & tell ! complete /ory ab\t :at ! ,ge/apo did ) y & :]e y w5t4 ,a4 ,i /ay$ #b weeks 9 ! prison 9 ,lubl9 & !n ,i 0 tak5 aga9 to ! ,ge/apo4 ,!re ,i 0 int]rogat$ & !y want$ to =ce me to confess :at k9d ( "w ,i us$ to d 9 ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t4 ,! ,ge/apo want$ me to give !m ! names ( p]sons ) :om ,i work$4 ,i did n want to tell !m ! names &1 !re=e1 ,i 0 beat54 ,i 0 beat5 by "o ,ge/apo man1 ) brief int]vals1 = a v long "t4 ,!n ,i 0 tak5 to a cell4 ,two days lat]1 at night1 ,i 0 tak5 aga9 to ! ,ge/apo = int]rogation4 ,!re ,i 0 beat5 aga94 ,i /ay$ 9 ! ,ge/apo (fice "o week & !n ,i 0 tak5 back into ! prison 9 ,lubl94 ,i /ay$ 9 ! prison till #ba ,septemb] #aida4 ,!n ,i 0 transport$ ) o!r prison]s to ! conc5tration camp ,rav5sbrueck1 :]e ,i arriv$ on ! #bc;d ( ,septemb] #aida4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 be=e y cont9ue1 w y tell ! ,tribunal :e!r y 7 ev] tri$ by any c\rt = ! crime ( be+ a memb] ( ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t8 ,a4 ,i 0 only int]rogat$ by ! ,ge/apo & ,i ?9k t ! s5t5ce mu/ h be5 pass$ 9 my abs5ce because no s5t5ce 0 ev] read out to me4 ,q4 ,all "r4 ,w y tell ! ,tribunal :at happ5$ to y at ,rav5sbrueck8 ,a4 ,at ,rav5sbrueck our dresses 7 tak5 away f u & we receiv$ ! regul> prison dress4 ,!n ,i 0 s5t to ! block & ,i /ay$ 9 qu>ant9e = #c weeks4 ,aft] #c weeks we 7 tak5 to "w4 ,! "w 0 h>d physical "w4 ,9 ! spr+ ,i 0 giv5 o!r "w & ,i 0 transf]r$ to ! work%op1 :i* 0 call$ 9 ,g]man 8,betrieb40 ,! "w ,i did !re 0 also v h>d1 & "o week ,i _h to "w 9 ! daytime & ! next week at night4 ,9 ! spr+ ! liv+ conditions 9 ! camp grew worse & worse1 & hung] began to reign 9 ! camp4 ,! food portions 7 small]4 ,we 7 und]n\ri%$1 v exhau/$1 & we _h no /r5g? to "w4 ,9 ! spr+ ( ! same ye>1 %oes & /ock+s 7 tak5 away f u & we _h to walk b>efoot4 ,! gravel 9 ! camp hurt our feet4 ,! mo/ tir+ 0 ! s-call$ 8roll calls01 :i* we _h to /& sev]al h\rs1 sometimes ev5 #d h\rs4 ,if a prison] tri$ to put a piece ( pap] und]nea? h] feet1 %e 0 beat5 & ill-treat$ 9 an inhuman way4 ,we _h to /& at att5tion at ! roll call place & we 7 n all[$ to move our lips1 because !n we 7 suppos$ to be pray+ & we 7 n all[$ to pray4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 7 y op]at$ on :ile y 7 9 ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i 04 ,q4 ,:5 did t happ58 ,a4 ,on #bb ,july #aidb1 #ge prison]s f our transport t come f ,lubl9 7 summon$ to ! *ief ( ! camp4 ,we /ood outside ! camp (fice1 & pres5t 7 ,kogel1 ,m&el1 & "o p]son :om ,i lat] recogniz$ z ,dr4 ,fis*]4 ,we 7 aft]w>ds s5t back to ! block & we 7 told to wait = fur!r in/ructions4 ,on ! #be? ( ,july1 all ! wom5 f ! transport ( ,lubl9 7 summon$ by ,m&el1 :o told u t we 7 n all[$ to "w outside ! camp4 ,also1 five wom5 f ! transport t came f ,w>saw 7 summon$ ) u at ! same "t4 ,we 7 n all[$ to "w outside ! camp4 ,! next day #ge wom5 7 summon$ aga9 & we _h to /& 9 front ( ! hospital 9 ! camp4 ,pres5t 7 ,s*i$lausky1 ,ob]heus]1 ,ros5?al1 ,kogel1 & ! man :om ,i aft]w>ds recogniz$ z ,dr4 ,fis*]4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 d y see ,ob]heus] 9 ! def5dants' dock "h8 ,,int]pret]3 ,! witness asks = p]mission to g ne> to ! dock to be able to see !m4 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,please d4 7,witness walks to dock & po9ts to ,dr4 ,ob]heus]47 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,& ,fis*]8 7,witness po9ts to ,dr4 ,fis*]47 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,i w ask t ! record %[ t ! witness prop]ly id5tifi$ ! def5dants1 ,ob]heus] & ,fis*]4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,! record w %[ t ! witness correctly id5tifi$ ! def5dants ,ob]heus] & ,fis*]4 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,witness1 y h told ! ,tribunal t 9 ,july #aidb1 "s #ge ,poli% girls1 :o 7 9 ! transport f ,lubl91 7 call$ be=e ! camp doctors 9 ,rav5sbrueck4 ,,witness ,,k>olewska3 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 7 any ( ^! girls select$ = an op]ation8 ,a4 ,on ?is day we did n "k :y we 7 call$ be=e ! camp doctors & on ! same day #aj out ( #be girls 7 tak5 to ! hospital1 b we did n "k :y4 ,f\r ( !m came back & six /ay$ 9 ! hospital4 ,on ! same day six ( !m came back to ! block aft] hav+ receiv$ "s injection1 b we did n "k :at k9d ( injection4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 ^? six girls 7 call$ to ! hospital aga92 ^? girls :o receiv$ injections 7 kept 9 ! hospital1 b we c\ld n get 9 t\* ) !m to he> f !m :y !y 7 put 9 ! hospital4 ,a few days lat]1 "o ( my comrades succe$$ 9 gett+ close to ! hospital & le>n$ f "o ( ! prison]s t all 7 9 b$ & t _! legs 7 9 ca/s4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,augu/1 ! same ye>1 ,i 0 call$ to ! hospital & my "n 0 writt5 on a piece ( pap]4 ,i did n "k :y4 ,besides me1 eight o!r girls 7 call$ to ! hospital4 ,we 7 call$ at a "t :5 executions usually took place & ,i ?\ght ,i 0 go+ to be execut$ because "s girls _h be5 %ot d[n be=e4 ,9 ! hospital we 7 put to b$ & ! w>d 9 :i* we /ay$ 0 lock$4 ,we 7 n told :at we 7 to d 9 ! hospital & :5 "o ( my comrades put ! "q %e got no answ] b an ironical smile4 ,!n a ,g]man nurse arriv$ & gave me an injection 9 my leg4 ,aft] ?is injection ,i vomit$ & ,i 0 weak4 ,!n ,i 0 put on a hospital cot & !y br\ght me to ! op]at+ room4 ,!re1 ,dr4 ,s*i$lausky & ,ros5?al gave me ! second intrav5\s injection 9 my arm4 ,a :ile be=e1 ,i notic$ ,dr4 ,fis*]1 :o left ! op]at+ !at] & _h op]at+ gloves on4 ,!n ,i lo/ consci\sness & :5 ,i reviv$ ,i notic$ t ,i 0 9 a prop] hospital w>d4 ,i recov]$ consci\sness = a :ile & ,i felt sev]e pa9 9 my leg4 ,!n ,i lo/ consci\sness aga94 ,i rega9$ consci\sness 9 ! morn+1 & !n ,i notic$ t my leg 0 9 a ca/ f ! ankle up to ! knee & ,i felt v great pa9 9 ?is leg & _h a high temp]ature4 ,i notic$ also t my leg 0 swoll5 f ! toes up to ! gro94 ,! pa9 0 increas+ & ! temp]ature1 too1 & ! next day ,i notic$ t "s liquid 0 fl[+ f my leg4 ,! ?ird day ,i 0 put on a hospital trolley & tak5 to ! dress+ room4 ,!n ,i saw ,dr4 ,fis*] aga94 ,he _h on an op]at+ g[n & rubb] gloves on 8 h&s4 ,a blanket 0 put ov] my eyes & ,i did n "k :at 0 done ) my leg b ,i felt great pa9 & ,i _h ! impression t some?+ mu/ h be5 cut out ( my leg4 ,^? pres5t 7 ,s*i$lausky1 ,ros5?al1 & ,ob]heus]4 ,aft] ! dress+ 0 *ang$ ,i 0 aga9 put 9 ! regul> hospital w>d4 ,?ree days lat] ,i 0 aga9 tak5 to ! dress+ room1 & ! dress+ 0 *ang$ by ,doctor ,fis*] ) ! assi/ance ( ! same doctors1 & ,i 0 also bl9dfold$4 ,i 0 !n s5t back to ! regul> hospital w>d4 ,! next dress+s 7 made by ! camp doctors4 ,two weeks lat] we 7 all tak5 to ! op]at+ !at] aga91 & put on ! op]at+ tables4 ,! b&age 0 remov$1 & t 0 ! fir/ "t ,i saw my leg4 ,! incision w5t s deep t ,i c\ld see ! bone4 ,we 7 told !n t !re 0 a doctor f ,hoh5ly*51 ,doctor ,gebh>dt1 :o w\ld come & exam9e u4 ,we 7 wait+ = 8 arrival = #c h\rs1 ly+ on our tables4 ,:5 he came1 a %eet 0 put ov] our eyes1 b !y remov$ ! %eet & ,i saw him = a %ort mom5t4 ,!n we 7 tak5 back to our regul> w>ds4 ,on #h ,septemb] ,i w5t back to ! block4 ,i c\ldn't walk4 ,! pus 0 dra9+ f my leg2 ! leg 0 swoll5 up & ,i c\ld n walk4 ,9 ! block1 ,i /ay$ 9 b$ = "o week2 !n ,i 0 call$ to ! hospital aga94 ,i c\ld n walk & ,i 0 c>ri$ by my comrades4 ,9 ! hospital ,i met "s ( my comrades :o 7 !re aft] ! op]ation4 ,?is "t ,i 0 sure ,i 0 go+ to be execut$ because ,i saw an ambulance /&+ outside ! (fice1 :i* 0 us$ by ! ,g]mans to transport p int5d$ = execution4 ,!n we 7 tak5 to ! dress+ room :]e ,doctor ,ob]heus] & ,doctor ,s*i$lausky exam9$ our legs4 ,we 7 put to b$ aga91 & on ! same day1 9 ! aft]noon1 ,i 0 tak5 to ! op]at+ !at] & ! second op]ation 0 p]=m$ on my leg4 ,i 0 put to sleep 9 ! same way z be=e1 hav+ receiv$ an injection4 ,?is "t ,i aga9 saw ,doctor ,fis*]4 ,i woke up 9 ! regul> hospital w>d1 & ,i felt a mu* great] pa9 & _h a high] temp]ature4 ,! symptoms 7 ! same4 ,! leg 0 swoll5 & ! pus fl[$ f my leg4 ,aft] ?is op]ation1 ! dress+s 7 *ang$ by ,dr4 ,fis*] e #c days4 ,m ?an #aj days aft]w>ds1 we 7 aga9 tak5 to ! op]at+ !at] & put on ! table2 & we 7 told t ,dr4 ,gebh>dt 0 go+ to come to exam9e our legs4 ,we wait$ = a long "t4 ,!n he arriv$ & exam9$ our legs :ile we 7 bl9dfold$4 ,?is "t o!r p arriv$ ) ,dr4 ,gebh>dt1 b ,i don't "k _! names1 & ,i don't rememb] _! faces4 ,!n we 7 c>ri$ on hospital cots back to our rooms4 ,aft] ?is op]ation ,i felt /ill worse1 & ,i c\ld n move4 ,:ile ,i 0 9 ! hospital1 ,dr4 ,ob]heus] treat$ me cruelly4 ,:5 ,i 0 9 my room ,i rem>k$ to fell[ prison]s t we 7 op]at$ on 9 v bad conditions & left "h 9 ?is room & t we 7 n ev5 giv5 a *ance to recov]4 ,?is rem>k mu/ h be5 he>d by a ,g]man nurse :o 0 sitt+ 9 ! corridor1 because ! door ( our room lead+ to ! corridor 0 op5$4 ,! ,g]man nurse ent]$ ! room & told u to get up & dress4 ,we answ]$ t we c\ld n foll[ h] ord] because we _h great pa9s 9 our legs & we c\ld n walk4 ,!n ! ,g]man nurse came into our room ) ,dr4 ,ob]heus]4 ,dr4 ,ob]heus] told u to dress & come to ! dress+ room4 ,we put on our dresses2 &1 be+ unable to walk1 we _h to hop on "o leg into ! op]at+ !at]4 ,aft] "o hop we _h to re/4 ,dr4 ,ob]heus] did n all[ anybody to help u4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ! op]at+ !at]1 q exhau/$1 ,dr4 ,ob]heus] appe>$ & told u to g back1 because ! *ange ( dress+ w\ld n take place t day4 ,i c\ld n walk1 b somebody1 a prison] ^: "n ,i don't rememb]1 help$ me back to ! room4 ,q4 ,witness1 y h told ! ,tribunal t y 7 op]at$ on ! second "t on ! #af? ( ,septemb] #aidb8 ,is t "r8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:5 did y leave ! hospital aft] ?is second op]ation8 ,a4 ,aft] ! second op]ation ,i left ! hospital on #f ,octob]4 ,q4 ,0 y\r leg heal$ at t "t8 ,a4 ,my leg 0 swoll5 up1 caus$ me great pa91 & ! pus dra9$ f my leg4 ,q4 ,7 y able to "w8 ,a4 ,i 0 unable to "w1 & ,i _h to /ay 9 b$ because ,i c\ld n walk4 ,q4 ,d y rememb] :5 y got up out ( b$ & 7 able to walk8 ,a4 ,i /ay$ 9 b$ sev]al weeks1 & !n ,i got up & tri$ to walk4 ,q4 ,h[ long 0 x until y\r leg 0 heal$8 ,a4 ,! pus 0 fl[+ f my leg till ,june #aidc2 & at t "t my w\nd 0 heal$4 ,q4 ,7 y op]at$ on aga98 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i 0 op]at$ on aga9 9 ! bunk]4 ,q4 ,9 ! bunk]8 ,t is n 9 ! hospital8 ,a4 ,n 9 ! hospital b 9 ! bunk]4 ,q4 ,w y expla9 to ! ,tribunal h[ t happ5$8 ,a4 ,may ,i ask p]mission to tell some?+ :i* happ5$ 9 ,m>* #aidc1 ,m>* or ,febru>y #aidc8 ,q4 ,all "r4 ,a4 ,at ! end ( ,febru>y #aidc1 ,dr4 ,ob]heus] call$ u & said1 8,^? girls are new gu9ea pigs02 & we 7 v well kn[n "u ?is "n 9 ! camp4 ,!n we und]/ood t we 7 p]sons int5d$ = exp]im5ts1 & we decid$ to prote/ aga9/ ! p]=mance ( ^? op]ations on heal?y p4 ,we drew up a prote/ 9 writ+ & we w5t to ! camp comm&ant4 ,n only ^? girls :o _h be5 op]at$ on be=e b o!r girls :o 7 call$ to ! hospital came to ! (fice4 ,! girls :o _h be5 op]at$ on us$ crut*es & !y w5t )\t any help4 ,i w\ld l to tell y ! cont5ts ( ! petition made by u4 8,we1 ! und]sign$1 ,poli% political prison]s1 ask ! comm&ant :e!r he kn[s t s9ce ! ye> #aidb exp]im5tal op]ations h tak5 place 9 ! camp hospital1 "u ! "n gu9ea pigs1 expla9+ ! mean+ ( ^? op]ations4 ,we ask :e!r we 7 op]at$ on z a result ( s5t5ces pass$ on u because1 z f> z we "k1 int]national law =bids ! p]=mance ( op]ations ev5 on political prison]s40 ,we did n get any answ]2 & we 7 n all[$ to talk to ! comm&ant4 ,on #ae ,augu/ #aidc1 a policewoman came & read (f ! names ( #aj new prison]s4 ,%e told u to foll[ h] to ! hospital4 ,we refus$ to g to ! hospital1 because we ?\ght t we 7 int5d$ = a new op]ation4 ,! policewoman told u t we 7 probably go+ to be s5t to ! factory = "w outside ! camp4 ,we want$ to make sure :e!r ! labor (fice 0 op5 because x 0 ,sunday4 ,! policewoman told u t we _h to g to ! hospital to be exam9$ by a doctor be=e we w5t to ! factory4 ,we refus$ to g !n because we 7 sure t we w\ld be kept 9 ! hospital & op]at$ on aga94 ,all prison]s 9 ! camp 7 told to /ay 9 ! blocks4 ,all ( ! wom5 :o liv$ 9 ! same block :]e ,i 0 7 told to leave ! block & /& 9 l9e 9 front ( ,block #aj at a c]ta9 "t4 ,!n ! ,ov]se] ,b9z appe>$ & call$ out #aj names1 & my "n 0 among !m4 ,we w5t out ( ! l9e & /ood be=e ,block #i 9 l9e4 ,!n ,b9z said3 8,:y d y /& 9 l9e z if y 7 to be execut$80 ,we told h] t op]ations 7 worse = u ?an executions & t we w\ld pref] to be execut$ r ?an to be op]at$ on aga94 ,b9z told u t %e might give u "w2 !re 0 no "q ( our be+ op]at$ on1 b we 7 go+ to be s5t = "w outside ! camp4 ,we told h] t %e mu/ "k t prison]s belong+ to our gr\p 7 n all[$ to leave ! camp & g outside4 ,!n %e told u to foll[ h] into h] (fice1 t %e w\ld %[ u a pap] prov+ t we 7 go+ to be s5t = "w to ! factory outside ! camp4 ,we foll[$ h] & we /ood be=e h] (fice4 ,%e 0 9 h] (fice = a :ile & !n w5t out & w5t to ! cante5 :]e ! camp comm&ant 04 ,%e _h a conf]5ce ) him probably ask+ him :at to d ) u4 ,we /ood 9 front ( ! (fice = half an h\r4 ,9 ! meantime "o fell[ prison] :o us$ to "w 9 ! cante5 walk$ pa/4 ,%e told u t ,b9z _h ask$ = help f ,,ss m5 to take u to ! hospital by =ce4 ,we /ood = a :ile & !n ,b9z came out ( ! cante5 accompani$ by ! camp comm&ant4 ,we /ood = a :ile ne> ! camp gate4 ,we 7 afraid t ,,ss m5 w\ld come to take u1 s we ran away & mix$ ) o!r p /&+ 9 front ( ! block4 ,!n ,b9z & ! camp police appe>$4 ,!y drove u out f ! l9es by =ce4 ,%e told u t %e 0 putt+ u into ! bunk] z puni%m5t = n foll[+ h] ord]s4 ,five prison]s 7 put into ea* cell al?\gh "o cell 0 only int5d$ = "o p]son4 ,! cells 7 q d>k1 )\t lights4 ,we /ay$ 9 ! bunk] ! :ole night long & ! next day4 ,we slept on ! floor because !re 0 only "o c\* 9 ! cell4 ,! next day we 7 giv5 a breakfa/ consi/+ ( black c(fee & a piece ( d>k bread4 ,!n we 7 lock$ 9 aga94 ,p 7 walk+ up & d[n ! corridor ( ! bunk] ! :ole "t4 ,! same day 9 ! aft]noon we le>n$ our fate4 ,! woman gu>d ( ! bunk] unlock$ our cell & took me out4 ,i ?\ght t ,i 0 to be int]rogat$ or beat54 ,%e took me d[n ! corridor4 ,%e op5$ "o door & beh9d ! door /ood ,,ss man ,dr4 ,trommel4 ,he told me to foll[ him up/airs4 ,foll[+ ,dr4 ,trommel ,i notic$ !re 7 o!r cells1 ) b$s & b$d+4 ,he put me 9 "o ( ! cells4 ,!n he ask$ me :e!r ,i w\ld agree to a small op]ation4 ,i told him t ,i did n agree to x because ,i _h already und]gone two op]ations4 ,he told me t ?is 0 go+ to be a v small op]ation & t x w\ld n h>m me4 ,i told him t ,i 0 a political prison] & t op]ations c\ld n be p]=m$ on political prison]s )\t _! cons5t4 ,he told me to lie d[n on ! b$2 ,i refus$ to d s4 ,he repeat$ x twice4 ,!n he w5t out ( ! cell & ,i foll[$ him4 ,he w5t quickly d[n/airs & lock$ ! door4 ,/&+ 9 front ( ! cell ,i notic$ a cell on ! opposite side ( ! /aircase1 & ,i also notic$ "s m5 9 op]at+ g[ns4 ,!re 0 also "o ,g]man nurse ready to give an injection4 ,ne> ! /aircase /ood a /ret*]4 ,t made x cle> to me t ,i 0 go+ to be op]at$ on aga9 9 ! bunk]4 ,i decid$ to def5d myself to ! la/4 ,9 a mom5t ,trommel came back ) two ,,ss m54 ,"o ( ^! ,,ss m5 told me to ent] ! cell4 ,i refus$ to d x1 s he =c$ me into ! cell & ?rew me on ! b$4 ,dr4 ,trommel took me by ! left wri/ & pull$ my arm back4 ,) 8 o!r h& he tri$ to gag me1 putt+ a piece ( rag into my m\?1 because ,i %\t$4 ,! second ,,ss man took my "r h& & /ret*$ x4 ,two o!r ,,ss m5 held me by my feet4 ,immobiliz$1 ,i felt somebody giv+ me an injection4 ,i def5d$ myself = a long "t1 b !n ,i grew weak]4 ,! injection _h its effect2 ,i felt sleepy4 ,i he>d ,trommel say+1 8,t is all40 ,i rega9$ consci\sness aga91 b ,i don't "k :54 ,!n ,i notic$ t a ,g]man nurse 0 tak+ (f my dress1 ,i !n lo/ consci\sness aga92 ,i rega9$ x 9 ! morn+4 ,!n ,i notic$ t bo? my legs 7 9 iron spl9ts & 7 b&ag$ f ! toes up to ! gro94 ,i felt a sev]e pa9 9 my feet1 & _h a temp]ature4 ,on ! aft]noon ( ! same day1 a ,g]man nurse came & gave me an injection1 9 spite ( my prote/s2 %e gave me ?is injection 9 my ?igh & told me t %e _h to d x4 ,f\r days aft] ?is op]ation a doctor f ,hoh5ly*5 arriv$1 aga9 ,i 0 giv5 an injection to put me to sleep1 & z ,i prote/$ he told me t he w\ld *ange ! dress+2 ,i felt a high] temp]ature & a great] pa9 9 my legs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,h[ _m times did y see ,gebh>dt8 ,a4 ,twice4 ,q4 ,i w ask y to /ep d[n & walk ov] to ! def5dants' dock & see :e!r or n y f9d ! man ,gebh>dt sitt+ 9 ! dock4 7,! witness compli$ & po9t$ to ! def5dant ,gebh>dt47 ,?ank y4 ,sit d[n4 ,i w ask t ! record %[ t ! witness prop]ly id5tifi$ ! def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,! record w %[ t ! witness id5tifi$ ! def5dant ,gebh>dt 9 ! dock4 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,i h no fur!r que/ions at ?is "t4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,w ,dr4 ,alex&] aga9 be put on ! /& 9 connection ) ! exam9ation ( ?is witness8 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,yes1 b if !re is any cross-exam9ation we c probably f9i% t be=e lun*4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,d any ( ! def5se c\nsel desire to cross-exam9e ?is witness8 ,,dr4 ,,seidl 7c\nsel = ! def5dants ,gebh>dt1 ,ob]heus]1 & ,fis*]73 ,i d n int5d to cross-exam9e ?is witness1 b ?is does n mean t my cli5ts admit ! correctness ( all /atem5ts made by ?is witness4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,does any o!r ( ! def5se c\nsel desire to exam9e ! witness8 7,no response47 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,prosecution ,,exp]t ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,leo ,,alex&]#df ,,direct ,,exam9ation ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,doctor1 c y express any op9ion z to ! purpose ( ! type ( op]ation to :i* %e ,k>olewska 0 subject$1 t is ! bone removal8 ,,dr4 ,,alex&]3 ,i ?9k x mu/ h be5 "o ( ! exp]im5ts :i* aim$ at ! "q ( reg5]ation ( bone or possible transplantation ( bone4 ,*ances are t ?is tibial graft 0 ei!r implant$ 9 ano!r p]son or t grafts _h be5 ex*ang$4 ,( c\rse today1 #c ye>s aft] ! exp]im5t1 no trace ( transplantation is left 9 ?is individual4 ,or if ! object 01 z alleg$ 9 "s /atem5ts ,i h se51 t tibial grafts 7 ex*ang$ betwe5 ! two legs1 "o mu/ conclude t ! exp]im5t 0 negative because !re is no evid5ce t a graft took4 ,all we see n[ are ! consequ5ces ( removal ( a graft1 & ! graft _h includ$ ! entire compact "p ( ! bone1 o!rwise ! repair w\ld h be5 bett]4 ,if "s "p ( ! compact _h rema9$1 ! p]io/eum w\ld h probably reg5]at$ & today1 #c ye>s aft] ! op]ation1 no ,x-ray w\ld h %[n ! defect4 ,s ,i feel t r deep grafts 7 tak5 :i* w5t d[n into ! spongiosa4 ,:e!r any?+ 0 replac$ t lat] 0 de/roy$1 ,i d n "k1 except ! pati5t /at$ t !re 0 a purul5t dis*>ge1 indicat+ t ! w\nd _h become infect$1 & h] /atem5t ( a subsequ5t op]ation1 9 fact1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 two subsequ5t op]ations1 indicates ! probability t ! grafts did n take & t !y 7 remov$ aft] infection _h become obvi\s4 ----- #dc ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ae ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajhgd-ajiaj4 #dd ,dr4 ,maczka appe>$ z witness be=e ! ,tribunal1 #aj ,janu>y #aidg1 ,tr4 pp4 #adcj-adfb4 #de ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #bj ,dec4 #aidf1 pp4 #hae-hcb4 #df ,?is te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #bj ,dec4 #aidf1 pp4 #hcb-hch4 #g4 ,,sea-,,wat] ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,s*ro$]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 ,s*aef]1 & ,beiglboeck 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ sea-wat] exp]im5ts 7p>4 #f 7,g7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! trial ! prosecution )drew ! *>ge 9 ! case ( ,mrug[sky4 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,s*ro$]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,siev]s1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 & ,beiglboeck 7 convict$ & ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,popp5dick1 & ,s*aef] 7 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its f9al brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,s*ro$]4 ,extracts f t brief are set =? bel[ on pages #dai to #ddc4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! f9al plea = ! def5dant ,s*ro$] & f ! clos+ brief = ! def5dant ,beiglboeck4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #dcd to #ddf4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #ddg to #did4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,s*ro$] ,sea-,wat] ,exp]im5ts 99 99 99 99 99 ,on #ai ,may #aidd a conf]5ce 0 held at ! ,g]man ,air ,m9i/ry :i* 0 att5d$ by ,*ri/5s51 ,s*ickl]1 ,beck]-,freys5g1 & ,s*aef]1 among o!rs4 ,?is conf]5ce 0 conc]n$ ) ! problem ( ! potability ( sea-wat]4 ,two me?ods ( mak+ sea-wat] dr9kable 7 !n available to ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,"o1 ! s-call$ ,s*aef] me?od1 _h be5 *emically te/$ & app>5tly produc$ potable sea-wat]4 ,x _h ! disadvantage1 h[ev]1 ( requir+ sub/antial am\nts ( silv] :i* 0 available only 9 limit$ quantities4 ,! second me?od1 s-call$ ,b]katit1 0 a sub/ance :i* *ang$ ! ta/e ( sea-wat] b did n remove ! salt4 ,x _h ! advantage ( simplicity ( manufacture & use4 ,at ! conf]5ce on #ai ,may ! def5dant ,beck]-,freys5g report$ on c]ta9 cl9ical exp]im5ts :i* _h be5 conduct$ by von ,sirany to te/ ,b]katit4 ,he came to ! conclusion t ! exp]im5ts _h n be5 conduct$ "u suffici5tly reali/ic conditions ( sea di/ress4 ,he report$ t ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe 0-- 899 99 99 conv9c$ t1 if ! ,b]ka me?od is us$1 damage to heal? _h to be expect$ n lat] ?an #f days aft] tak+ ,b]katit1 :i* damage w result 9 p]man5t injuries to heal? &--accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,unt]>zt ,dr4 ,s*aef]--w f9ally result 9 dea? aft] n lat] ?an #ab days4 ,ext]nal symptoms are to be expect$ su* z dehydration1 di>rhea1 convulsions1 halluc9ations1 & f9ally dea?40 7,,no-#aag1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #acc47 ,z a result ( ?is conf]5ce x 0 agre$ to conduct new exp]im5ts4 ,!y 7 to include a s]ies ( exp]im5ts = a maximum ( #f days dur+ :i* "o gr\p 0 to be giv5 sea-wat] process$ ) ,b]katit1 ano!r gr\p ord9>y dr9k+ wat]1 ano!r gr\p no dr9k+ wat] at all1 & ! f9al gr\p su* wat] z 0 available 9 ! em]g5cy sea di/ress kits !n us$4 ,a second s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 decid$ ^u & ! report /at$3 8,p]sons n\ri%$ ) sea-wat] & ,b]katit1 & z diet also ! em]g5cy sea rations4 8,duration ( exp]im5ts3 #ab days4 8,s9ce 9 ! op9ion ( ! *ief ( ! m$ical s]vice p]man5t injuries to heal?1 t is1 ! dea? ( ! exp]im5tal subjects has to be expect$1 z exp]im5tal subjects su* p]sons %\ld be us$ z w be put at ! disposal by ,rei*sfuehr] ,,ss40 7,,no-#agg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #acc47 ,?us1 ) full k t ! use ( ,b]katit = p]iods ( #f days w\ld result 9 p]man5t injuries to ! exp]im5tal subjects & t dea? w\ld result no lat] ?an ! #ab? day1 plans 7 made to conduct exp]im5ts ( #f & #ab days' duration4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! conf]5ce report does n /ate t ! duration 0 a maximum ( #ab days z 9 ! case ( ! fir/ s]ies ( exp]im5t4 ,! duration 0 to be #ab days 9 any ev5t4 ,s9ce x 0 kn[n t volunte]s c\ld n be expect$ "u su* conditions1 ! conf]5ce det]m9$ to use inmates ( conc5tration camps :i* w\ld be put at _! disposal by ! ,,ss4 ,at a second meet+ on #bj ,may #aidd1 ! report /ates t 8x 0 decid$ t ,da*au 0 to be ! place :]e ! exp]im5ts 7 7to be7 conduct$40 7,,no-#agg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #acc47 ,copies ( ! report on ! conf]5ces 7 s5t1 among o!rs1 to ! ,m$ical ,exp]im5tation & ,in/ruction ,division ( ! ,air ,=ce1 ,juet]bog1 to :i* ! def5dants1 ,s*aef] & ,holzloehn]1 :o conduct$ ! freez+ exp]im5ts ) ,ras*]1 7 atta*$2 to ! ,g]man ,aviation ,rese>* ,in/itute1 ,b]l9-,adl]%(1 to :i* ! def5dants ,ruff & ,romb]g 7 atta*$2 to ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate ( ! ,luftwaffe 7,l4 ,94 #ad72 & to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,! report 0 sign$ by ,*ri/5s5 ( ! ,te*nical ,(fice ( ! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/ry4 ,on #g ,june #aidd ! def5dant ,s*ro$] wrote to ,himml] ?r\gh ,grawitz ask+ = conc5tration camp inmates to be us$ z subjects 9 ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 ,?is lett] reads 9 "p z foll[s3 8,e>li] already y made x possible = ! ,luftwaffe to settle urg5t m$ical matt]s ?r\gh exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,today aga9 ,i /& be=e a decision :i*1 aft] num]\s exp]im5ts on animals z well z human exp]im5ts on volunt>y exp]im5tal subjects1 dem&s a f9al solution4 ,! ,luftwaffe has simultane\sly develop$ two me?ods = mak+ sea-wat] potable4 ,! "o me?od1 develop$ by a m$ical (fic]1 removes ! salt f ! sea-wat] & trans=ms x into real dr9k+ wat]2 ! second me?od1 sugge/$ by an eng9e]1 leaves ! salt cont5t un*ang$1 & only removes ! unpleasant ta/e f ! sea-wat]4 ,! latt] me?od1 9 contra/ to ! fir/1 requires no critical raw mat]ial4 ,f ! m$ical po9t ( view ?is me?od mu/ be view$ critically1 z ! adm9i/ration ( conc5trat$ salt solutions c produce sev]e symptoms ( poison+4 8,z ! exp]im5ts on human be+s c\ld ?us f> only be c>ri$ out = a p]iod ( #d days1 & z practical dem&s require a rem$y = ^? :o are 9 di/ress at sea up to #ab days1 appropriate exp]im5ts are necess>y4 8,requir$ are #dj heal?y te/ subjects1 :o mu/ be available = #d :ole weeks4 ,z x is kn[n f previ\s exp]im5ts t necess>y laboratories exi/ 9 ! conc5tration camp ,da*au1 ?is camp w\ld be v suitable40 ,emphasis suppli$4 7,,no-#ahe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #acd47 ,s*ro$] conclud$ 8 lett] by /at+ t ! exp]im5ts w\ld be direct$ by ! def5dant ,beiglboeck4 99 99 99 99 99 ,t ^! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out on nonvolunt>y subjects is also prov$ by ,grawitz' lett] to ,himml] on #bh ,june #aidd4 7,,no-#agi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ace47 ,9 ?is lett] ,grawitz reports ! op9ions ( ,gebh>dt1 ,gluecks1 & ,nebe1 z well z 8 own1 on ! propos$ exp]im5ts4 ,gluecks /at$ t he _h no 8objections :atsoev] to ! exp]im5ts reque/$ by ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe to be conduct$ at ! ,ras*] exp]im5tal /ation 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp4 ,if possible1 ,jews or prison]s held 9 qu>ant9e are to be us$40 ,x is impossible to imag9e a ,jew be+ ask$ to volunte] = any?+ 9 ! ,?ird ,rei* :5 !y 7 be+ slaught]$ by ! millions 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,nebe /at$3 8,i propos$ tak+ = ?is purpose ! asocial gypsy half-bre$s4 ,!re are p among !m1 :o1 al?\gh heal?y1 are out ( ! "q z reg>ds labor commitm5t4 ,reg>d+ ^! gypsies1 ,i %all %ortly make a special proposal to ! ,rei* ,lead]1 b ,i ?9k x "r to select f among ^! p ! necess>y numb] ( te/ subjects4 ,%\ld ! ,rei* ,lead] agree to ?is1 ,i %all li/ by "n ! p]sons to be us$40 ,x is a little difficult to imag9e h[ ,nebe1 *ief ( ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police1 c\ld 8li/ by "n0 gypsy volunte]s = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,grawitz rais$ ! objection to ! use ( gypsies on ! gr\nd t !y 7 8( some:at diff]5t racial composition0 & he !re=e want$ exp]im5tal subjects racially comp>able to ,european peoples4 ,himml] decid$ t gypsies plus ?ree o!rs = control %\ld be us$4 7,,no-#ahc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #acf47 ,s*ro$] te/ifi$ t he tri$ to arrange = c>ry+ out ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts at ! ,luftwaffe hospital 9 ,brunswick4 ,he rememb]$ v specifically1 accord+ to 8 te/imony1 t he _h contact$ ! comm&] ( t hospital on #a ,june #aidd4 ,he /at$ t he also attempt$ to obta9 /ud5ts z exp]im5tal subjects f ! ,luftwaffe ,m$ical ,academy 9 ! latt] "p ( ,may #aidd4 ,bo? ( ^! attempts to obta9 volunte]s alleg$ly fail$ because ( ! lack ( cl9ical facilities & ! call+ up ( /ud5ts to active s]vice4 ,s*ro$] te/ifi$ t he w5t to ! ,,ss only aft] he _h exhau/$ all o!r possibilities4 ,he w\ld h ! ,tribunal believe t !re 0 no place to f9d #dj volunte]s & ! necess>y cl9ical facilities1 al?\gh von ,sirany _h conduct$ su* exp]im5ts 9 ,vi5na on ,wehrma*t soldi]s1 b ( c\rse = only #d days4 7,tr4 pp4 #cfeg-i47 ,9 connection ) ?is te/imony ( ,s*ro$]'s1 x %\ld be not$ t ! records ( ! conf]5ce on #ai & #bj ,may #aidd 7 imm$iately s5t to ! ,,ss4 ,! decision to use conc5tration camp inmates did n await any ef=ts to f9d volunte]s b 0 made at ! conf]5ce ( #ai ,may4 ,x 0 kn[n t because ( ! v nature ( ! exp]im5ts :i* 7 plann$ volunte]s c\ld n be obta9$4 ,contr>iwise1 x is impossible to believe t ! comm&+ (fic] ( ! :ole ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe 0 unable to obta9 #dj volunte]s = ! exp]im5ts :i* he claims 7 s innocu\s4 ,!re 7 no regulations :i* =bade exp]im5ts on memb]s ( ! ,wehrma*t4 7,tr4 p4 #cffj47 ,! def5se witness ,haag51 9 connection ) 8 propos$ epidemic jaundice exp]im5ts on human be+s1 z set =? 9 8 lett] ( #bg ,june #aidd to ,kalk1 :o 0 atta*$ to ! /aff ( ,s*ro$]1 insi/$ at great l5g? t he plann$ to use volunte]s f ! /ud5t companies ( ! ,wehrma*t at ,/rasb\rg1 ,freiburg1 or ,heidelb]g4 7,tr4 p4 #iegh47 ,he 0 positive t /ud5t volunte]s w\ld h be5 made available4 ,he /at$ t he c\ld h us$ !m dur+ _! vacations4 7,tr4 p4 #iegi47 ,kalk 0 also sure t ?is c\ld h be5 done4 ,haag5 emphasiz$ repeat$ly t volunte]s 7 available4 7,tr4 p4 #iehj47 ,cl9ical facilities w\ld h be5 easily obta9$ 9 res]ve hospitals4 7,tr4 p4 #ieha47 ,s*ro$] te/ifi$ t he did n "k t ,b]katit w\ld cause dea? 9 n m ?an #ab days4 7,tr4 p4 #cfff47 ,he c\ld n rememb] :e!r ,s*aef] _h told him t tak+ ,b]katit = #ab days w\ld cause dea?4 ,9 a pretrial int]rogation1 he specifically d5i$ t4 7,tr4 p4 #cffh47 ,he te/ifi$ t :ile bo? ,beck]-,freys5g & ,s*aef] 7 at ! ,nu]nb]g meet+ 9 ,octob] #aidb at :i* ! report on ! freez+ exp]im5ts at ,da*au 0 giv51 nei!r ( !m report$ to him ab\t x :5 he propos$ go+ to ,da*au to conduct ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #cffi47 ,s*ro$] d5i$ t he _h ev] se5 ! report on ! meet+ ( #ai & #bj ,may #aidd 7,,no-#agg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #acc7 on ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #cffb47 ,al?\gh a copy ( ?is report 0 s5t to ,himml]1 he w\ld h ! ,tribunal believe t x 0 a %e] co9cid5ce t he turn$ to ,himml] = exp]im5tal subjects )\t hav+ se5 ! report4 7,tr4 p4 #cffi47 ,he te/ifi$ t he told ,grawitz 9 a meet+ ) him t he want$ ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out on di%onorably dis*>g$ soldi]s4 7,tr4 p4 #cfgj47 ,grawitz alleg$ly said t he w\ld respect ?is wi%4 ,s*ro$] /at$ t he made x cle> to ,grawitz t ! subjects _h to be volunte]s1 ) a little food z a rew>d4 7,tr4 p4 #cfgb47 ,he fur!r te/ifi$ t he told ,grawitz t ! exp]im5ts _h to be controll$ by ! ,luftwaffe4 ,dur+ a pre-trial int]rogation1 he swore t he knew no?+ ab\t ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts1 t ! ,,ss took x out ( 8 h&s & he _h no influ5ce4 7,tr4 pp4 #cfaj-a47 ,s*ro$] _h no idea1 accord+ to 8 te/imony1 t =eign]s 7 inc>c]at$ 9 conc5tration camps4 ,he said t he knew t gypsies 7 us$ z exp]im5tal subjects only aft] ! report by ,beiglboeck 9 ,b]l9 9 ,octob] #aidd4 7,tr4 p4 #cfgf47 ,he te/ifi$ t he in/ruct$ ,beiglboeck t ,b]katit 0 to be us$ only until ! subjects said !y c\ld n tol]ate any m4 7,tr4 p4 #cfgg47 ,he admitt$ hav+ he>d ! report by ,beiglboeck on ! exp]im5ts1 toge!r ) ,beck]-,freys5g & ,s*aef]1 among o!rs1 b t he did n he> ! complete report z he _h to leave ! meet+ e>ly4 7,tr4 pp4 #cfgi-hj47 ,! *>ts kept by ! def5dant ,beiglboeck on ea* ( ! exp]im5tal subjects--:i* ! def5se 0 f9ally =c$ into submitt+ 9 evid5ce1 aft] attempt+ to use !m ?r\gh ! def5se 8exp]t0 ,vollh>dt )\t (f]+ ! docum5ts !mselves--give "s ( ! details z to ! exp]im5ts1 al?\gh "u ! circum/ances _! reliability is d\btful4 7,tr4 p4 #icha47 ,c]ta9 alt]ations 9 ^! records :i* w be discuss$ at a lat] po9t1 indicate t !y are n entitl$ to great weight4 ,! exp]im5ts began 9 ,augu/ #aidd & cont9u$ until ! middle ( ,septemb]4 ,=ty-f\r exp]im5tal subjects 7 us$4 ,subjects "o to six 7 depriv$ ( all food & wat] = p]iods f #e to #g days4 ,! duration ( ! exp]im5ts giv5 h]e9 is bas$ ^u ! />t+ date ( ! morn+ ( #bb ,augu/1 z cont5d$ by ! def5se1 al?\gh !re is "s evid5ce indicat+ t ! />t+ date 0 #ba ,augu/4 ,if ! exp]im5t 0 int]rupt$ 9 ! =5oon1 no additional day or "p !re( is c\nt$4 ,if x 0 int]rupt$ betwe5 noon & #agjj h\rs1 "o-half day is add$1 :ile if x 0 int]rupt$ aft] #agjj h\rs1 a full day is add$4 ,subjects #g ?r\gh #aj 7 giv5 #a1jjj cc4 ( ,s*aef] wat] = #ab1 #ac1 & #ab days1 respectively1 & hung]$ = #g1 #h1 & #i days1 respectively4 ,subject ,no4 #i 0 n us$ = reasons ( heal?4 ,?is 0 ! def5se witness ,mettba*4 ,subjects #aa ?r\gh #ah 7 giv5 #ejj cc4 ( sea-wat] plus ! em]g5cy sea ration :i* conta9$ approximately a total ( #b1djj calories4 ,^! exp]im5ts la/$ f #e to #aj days4 ,!y hung]$ up to #f days4 ,sev]al ( ^! subjects1 = example1 #aa1 #ac1 #ag1 & #ah 7 subject$ to two sep>ate exp]im5ts ( #h & #f days1 #f & #e days1 #g & #e days1 & #aj & #d days1 respectively4 ,subjects #ai ?r\gh #be 7 giv5 #ejj cc4 ( ,b]katit plus ! em]g5cy sea ration4 ,! duration ( ! exp]im5ts la/$ f #e to #i days ) p]iods ( hung] up to #f days4 ,subjects #ai & #bj und]w5t two sep>ate exp]im5ts ( #g & #e days ea*4 ,subjects #bf ?r\gh #cj 7 giv5 #a1jjj cc4 ( ,b]katit plus ! em]g5cy sea ration4 ,duration ( ! exp]im5ts 0 f #e to #i days ) p]iods ( hung] up to #f days4 ,subject #bi und]w5t two exp]im5ts ( #h & #e days4 ,subjects #ca & #cb 7 giv5 #a1jjj cc4 ( sea-wat] = #h & #f days1 respectively4 ,subject #ca 0 subject$ to an additional exp]im5t ( #e days4 ,subject #cc 0 giv5 #ejj cc4 ( ,b]katit = #f days2 subject #cd1 #a1jjj cc4 ( ,s*aef] = #ab days1 subjects #ce ?r\gh #cg1 #ci1 #da1 & #db 7 giv5 #ejj cc4 ( sea-wat] = p]iods rang+ f #d to #f days2 subjects #ch1 #dj1 & #dc 7 giv5 #a1jjj cc4 ( sea-wat] = #f1 #e1 & #f days2 & subject #dd 0 giv5 ,s*aef] wat] = #ab days4 ,! cl9ical *>ts on ! exp]im5ts also supply u ) ! ages ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,subjects #ag1 #ai1 #bj1 #ce1 #cg1 #dj1 & #dc 7 all "u ! age ( #ba4 ,subject #dj 0 #af ye>s old2 subjects #ag1 #ai1 & #cg 7 #ag ye>s old2 subject #ce 0 #ah ye>s old2 subject #dc 0 #ai ye>s old2 & subject #bj 0 #bj ye>s old4 ,ne$less to say1 no ef=t 0 made to obta9 ! cons5t ( ! p>5ts or gu>dians ( ^! m9ors4 ,! def5dant ,beiglboeck te/ifi$ t he report$ to ,b]l9 at ! end ( ,june #aidd :]e he 0 told by ,beck]-,freys5g t he 0 to c>ry out ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 ,he also saw ,s*ro$] previ\sly 9 connection ) ! exp]im5ts4 ,he said he attempt$ to )draw because he _h a horror ( work+ 9 a conc5tration camp4 ,he did n refuse to p]=m ! exp]im5ts because he 0 afraid ( be+ call$ to acc\nt = failure to obey ord]s4 7,tr4 pp4 #hhbh-i47 ,beck]-,freys5g told him t ! purpose ( ! exp]im5ts 01 fir/1 to f9d out if ,b]katit 0 useful2 second1 to te/ ! ,s*aef] me?od2 & ?ird1 to see :e!r x w\ld be bett] to g completely )\t sea-wat] or to dr9k small quantities ( x4 7,tr4 p4 #hhcb47 ,he said he 0 told by ! (ficials 9 ,da*au t ! gypsies :o 7 to be us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts 7 held z 8asocial0 p]sons4 ,beiglboeck app>5tly consid]s himself an exp]t on asocials4 ,he te/ifi$ t x 0 8 und]/&+ t a :ole family c\ld be classifi$ asocial1 al?\gh ?is 8does n exclude ! possibility t1 9 ?is family1 !re may be a l>ge numb] ( p]sons :o did n commit any crime40 7,tr4 p4 #hhdh47 ,he te/ifi$ t he call$ ! exp]im5tal subjects toge!r & told !m :at ! exp]im5t 0 ab\t & ask$ !m if !y want$ to p>ticipate4 7,tr4 p4 #hhdi47 ,he did n tell !m h[ long ! exp]im5t w\ld la/4 ,he did n tell !m t !y c\ld )draw at any "t4 ,he te/ifi$ t he _h to require t !y ?ir/ = a c]ta9 p]iod4 ,! decision z to _! be+ reliev$ f ! exp]im5t lay ) him4 7,tr4 p4 #hhej47 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts he te/ifi$ t ! subjects revolt$ on "o occasion because !y did n get ! food !y _h be5 promis$4 7,tr4 p4 #hhfc47 ,!y did n get food = sev]al days because ( a delay 9 deliv]y4 7,tr4 p4 #hhfh47 ,! subjects 7 lock$ 9 a room dur+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,beiglboeck te/ifi$ t3 8,!y %\ld h be5 lock$ 9 a lot bett] ?an !y 71 because !n !y w\ld h _h no opportunity at all to get fre% wat] on ! side40 7,tr4 p4 #hhfd47 ,he /at$ t ! dang] po9t w\ld be rea*$ 9 ab\t sev5 days dr9k+ #ejj cc4 ( sea-wat]1 :ile 9 cases ( #a1jjj cc4 ( sea-wat]1 x w\ld be #d days4 7,tr4 pp4 #hhgf-g47 ,comp>e ! mu* long] duration ( ! exp]im5ts z set out above4 ,x 0 readily app>5t to ! prosecution aft] an inspection ( ! cl9ical *>ts kept dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts t a numb] ( alt]ations _h be5 made 9 !m4 ,^! records 7 9 ! exclusive possession ( def5se c\nsel prior to ! te/imony ( ,vollh>dt1 ^: exp]t op9ion 0 bas$ 9 "p ^u su* records4 ,9 a l>ge numb] ( in/ances ! names ( ! exp]im5tal subjects h be5 eras$ f ! *>ts1 obvi\sly 9 an ef=t to make x impossible to locate su* p]sons = ! purpose ( giv+ te/imony4 ,an exam9ation ( ! *>ts fur!r reveals t ! f9al weights ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 writt5 on ! *>ts 9 a diff]5t %ade ( ink f ! rema9d] ( ! records4 ,9 "s cases ^! weights 7 writt5 ov] ! orig9al p5cil notations2 = example1 on *>t ,c-#b ! f9al weight ( #fb kilograms 9 p5cil 0 writt5 ov] 9 ink to read #fd kilograms4 ,beiglboeck admitt$ t ! r$ arr[s purport+ to indicate ! />t ( ! exp]im5ts1 usually appe>+ "u ! date ,augu/ #bb1 7 made by him 9 #aide1 long aft] ! exp]im5t _h be5 complet$4 7,tr4 p4 #hiji47 ,9 *>ts #a to #cb a r$ m>k "u ! date ,augu/ #ba appe>s1 :i* w\ld indicate t ! exp]im5ts v probably began on t date4 ,c]ta9 notes 9 ,g]man %or?& appe> on ! back ( *>t ,c-#bc4 ,beiglboeck admitt$ t he wrote ^! notes himself4 7,tr4 p4 #higj47 ,beiglboeck te/ifi$ t3 8,we ,beiglboeck & 8 def5se c\nsel 7 9 agreem5t at all times t ! *>ts & curves %\ld be submitt$ 9 ! same way z we receiv$ !m "h40 7,tr4 p4 #hiba47 ,he repeat$ly /at$ t he did n make any erasures on ! *>ts 9 ,nu]nb]g4 7,tr4 pp4 #hibb1 #higc1 #hige-f47 ,:5 ! pro( left him no alt]native1 ,beiglboeck f9ally admitt$ hav+ made *anges & erasures 9 ! notes on ! back ( *>t ,c-#bc 9 ,nu]nb]g4 7,tr4 p4 #high47 ,^! notes give a cl9ical report on "o ( ! exp]im5tal subjects :o 0 critically ill4 ,! foll[+ is a re/oration ( ! orig9al /5ographic notes ins(> z !y c\ld be translat$3 8,! ?ir/ assumes =ms difficult to endure4 ,! pati5t lies !re q motionless ) half-clos$ eyes4 ,he takes no notice ( 8 surr\nd+s4 ,he asks = wat] only :5 he awakes f 8 semiconsci\s condition 7half a l9e eras$74 8,! appe>ance is v bad--looks doom$4 ,! g5]al condition gives cause = al>m4 8,respiration m %all[1 labor$1 mod]ately frequ5t4 8,respirations #be p] m9ute4 8,! eyes are deeply holl[$1 ! turgor ( ! sk9 greatly r$uc$4 8,sk9 dry1 tongue completely dry1 :iti% coat+ 9 ! middle fairly loose4 8,! muc\s membranes ( ! m\? & ! lips dry1 latt] cov]$ ) cru/s4 ,lungs %[ slight v dry bron*itis l[] bord] ,,vi-,,xii1 %>p5$ vesicul> respiration4 8,he>tbeats v l[ h>dly audible4 ,fill+ ( ! pulse weak]4 ,increas$ ?ickness ( walls ( blood vessels4 ,frequ5cy #gb1 liv]1 #b-c f+]s bel[ /]nal m>g91 r s(t1 mod]ately s5sitive to pressure2 sple5 on p]cussion slightly enl>g$4 8,musculature hypotonic4 ,jo9ts ov]-ext5dable4 ,calves slightly s5sitive to pressure4 ,indications ( transv]se welt =mation1 m>k$ longitud9al welt =mation4 ,romb]g plus plus4 ,reflexes plus plus4 ,abdom9al reflexes plus plus4 ,bab9ski negative4 ,eife ph5om5on4 ,opp5heim negative4 ,rossolimo negative4 ,tonus ( ! bulb ( ! eye bad4 ,bulbus reflex positive4 7,int]ruption470 ,beiglboeck _h sub/itut$ ! ^w 8somnol5t0 = ! ^w 8semiconsci\s0 9 ! la/ l9e ( ! fir/ p>agraph4 ,9 ?is same p>agraph half a l9e 0 completely eras$ & c\ld n be translat$4 ,beiglboeck purport$ n to rememb] :at x said1 an obvi\s falsehood s9ce x 0 eras$ out ( fe> ( ! tru?4 ,9 ! la/ s5t5ce ( ! second p>agraph1 ,beiglboeck alt]$ ! notes to read 8,! g5]al condition gives no cause = al>m40 ,9 ! fir/ l9e ( ! eigh? p>agraph1 ,beiglboeck sub/itut$ ! ^w 8poorly0 = 8h>dly40 ,! notation 8,romb]g plus plus0 means t ! subject has an 8unc]ta90 ability to /&4 7,tr4 p4 #hihb47 ,he said t ^! notes ref] to subject numb] #cj r ?an subject #bc4 7,tr4 p4 #hihd47 ,beiglboeck te/ifi$ t he made no fur!r *anges1 erasures1 or alt]ations 9 ,nu]nb]g4 7,tr4 p4 #hiib47 ,t ,beiglboeck's te/imony z a :ole is completely unreliable is evid5c$ by ! fact t he also made erasures 9 ! notes on ! back ( *>t ,a-#bi4 ,^! notes1 ins(> z !y c be translat$1 read z foll[s3 8,! ?ir/ aga9 becomes v sev]e4 ,pati5t lies d[n on 8 back & rolls ab\t4 ,also gets 99 99 99 a typical /]eotyp$ organic rigid seizure ) sev]e tetanic symptoms su* z f 8 99 99 991 symptoms 99 99 994 ,9 view ( ! fact t 9 ! la/ two days he has be5 dr9k+ a great deal ( wat] 99 99 99 qu>t] plus half lit]1 he is be+ tak5 out ( ! exp]im5t4 8#c_/i ,aga9 tak5 into ! exp]im5t4 8#e_/i ,aga9 compla9s ab\t v sev]e ?ir/4 8#f_/i ,feel+ ( ?ir/ v sev]e1 tongue dry & coat$4 ,fetid smell f ! m\?4 ,sk9 dry & hot1 liv] significantly enl>g$1 reflexes v lively1 blood vessels %[ ?ick5+ ( walls1 musculature ov]-excitable4 8#g_/i ,psy*ic /ate has *ang$4 ,somnol5ce4 ,tongue dry1 musculature feels /iff5$4 ,consid]able weakness ( musculature ) atoxic manife/ation4 ,romb]g positive4 ,blood vessels /ill 99 99 991 pulse poorly fill$1 m>k$ bradyc>dia1 respiration accel]at$4 ,g5]al condition ! next ^w eras$ & n legible1 liv] greatly enl>g$40 ,9 ! case ( subject #be1 ,beiglboeck te/ifi$ t ?is man 0 ,x-ray$ sev]al times & app>5tly _h acute bron*itis4 ,8 fev] w5t up to #ci4h ,c5tigrade4 7,tr4 p4 #hiih47 ,he compla9$ ( a /oma* ailm5t be=e ! exp]im5t began4 7,tr4 p4 #ijjj47 ,he 0 /ill sick :5 ,beiglboeck left ,da*au on #ae ,septemb]4 7,tr4 p4 #ijjb47 ,subject #ci 0 a man #di ye>s old2 ,he 0 giv5 #ejj cc4 ( ,b]katit = a p]iod ( f\r days1 namely1 f #a ,septemb] to #d ,septemb]1 :5 ! exp]im5t 0 int]rupt$ at #aicj h\rs4 ,beiglboeck us$ ! tru? ) *>act]i/ic economy :5 he te/ifi$ t ! man 0 und]go+ ! exp]im5t only ?ree days4 7,tr4 p4 #ijaj47 ,he admitt$ hav+ p]=m$ num]\s lumb> & liv] punctures on ! subjects4 7,tr4 p4 #hicc47 ,a numb] ( exp]im5tal subjects 7 able to ga9 access to fre% wat] 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( ,beiglboeck to prev5t !m4 ,beiglboeck & 8 def5se c\nsel assum$ ! anomal\s position t ?is someh[ mitigates 8 guilt4 ,x is difficult to und]/& h[ ?is self-help on ! "p ( ! subjects1 :i* und\bt$ly sav$ ! lives ( ! majority ( !m1 c\ld be rais$ z a mitigat+ factor :5 ,beiglboeck did ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to prev5t t4 ,z a matt] ( fact he did n ev5 "k t ! exp]im5tal subjects 9 ! fir/ gr\p1 t is to say f #a to #cb1 _h be5 able to get at fre% wat]4 ,he te/ifi$ t3 8,i %\ld l to say t 9 ! second gr\p1 :5 ,i knew _! devices f my exp]i5ce ) ! fir/ gr\p1 ,i knew :at to d & broke (f ! exp]im5ts4 ,if ,i _h want$ to cont9ue ! exp]im5ts1 ,i w\ld h done x 9 ! second gr\p too4 ,?is ,i did 9 ! fir/ gr\p only became at fir/ ,i did n realize ! significance ( _! failure to lose weight40 ,emphasis suppli$4 7,tr4 p4 #ijbb47 ,?us ,beiglboeck says1 9 effect1 t al?\gh he did n "k t ! exp]im5tal subjects ga9$ access to fre% wat]1 & al?\gh he cont9u$ ! exp]im5ts f> beyond :at he himself knew to be ! dang] po9t1 none!less he is to be excus$ because "s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects drank fre% wat] secretly 9 spite ( 8 ef=ts to prev5t x4 ,! exp]t witness1 ,dr4 ,ivy1 te/ifi$ = ! prosecution conc]n+ sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 ,he1 himself1 p>ticipat$ 9 an exp]im5t ( ?ree days dur+ :i* he consum$ #b1djj cc4 ( sea-wat] ) a caloric intake ( #ajh p] day 9 ! =m ( c&y4 ,he suff]$ m>k$ dehydration & 0 at ! po9t ( develop+ halluc9ations4 ,a second volunte] 9 ^! exp]im5ts took #b1jjj cc4 9 a little ov] "o day & develop$ vomit+ & di>rhea to su* an ext5t t ! exp]im5t _h to be /opp$4 7,tr4 p4 #ijch-i47 ,comp>e ! am\nts ( sea-wat] tak5 by ,beiglboeck's subjects4 ,= sci5tific data conc]n+ ! effect ( sea-wat] on ! human body1 see ,transcript pages #ijci-da4 ,dr4 ,ivy po9t$ out c]ta9 basic inconsi/5cies 9 ! te/imony ( ! def5se exp]t witness1 ,vollh>dt4 7,tr4 pp4 #ijda-dc47 ,dr4 ,ivy te/ifi$ t x 0 entirely unnecess>y to p]=m ^! exp]im5ts = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ ! potability ( sea-wat] process$ by ! ,b]ka me?od4 ,?is c\ld h be5 det]m9$ *emically 9 a matt] ( "o-half h\r4 7,tr4 pp4 #ijdc-d47 ,he /at$ t if #a1jjj cc4 ( sea-wat] or ,b]katit 7 tak5 p] day1 x w\ld cause dea? 9 less ?an #ab days4 ,dea? w\ld occur betwe5 ! #h? & ! #ad? day if #ejj cc4 7 consum$ p] day "u ideal conditions4 7,tr4 p4 #ijde47 ,! /atem5t 9 ! report ( ! conf]5ces on #ai & #bj ,may #aidd t if ,b]ka wat] 0 us$1 damage to heal? 0 to be expect$ n lat] ?an six days & w\ld lead to dea? n lat] ?an #ab days is ess5tially correct4 7,tr4 p4 #ijdd47 ,?is docum5t %[s t ! plann$ duration ( ! exp]im5ts 0 #ab days4 ,dr4 ,ivy te/ifi$ t x w\ld be unnecess>y to conduct exp]im5ts = m ?an ?ree or f\r days to %[ t ,b]katit 0 j z dehydrat+ z sea-wat]4 7,tr4 p4 #ijdf47 ,he /at$ t ^! exp]im5ts make s5se only if !y 7 try+ to det]m9e ! survival "t ( human be+s on #ejj cc4 & #a1jjj cc4 ( sea-wat] p] day4 ,x is cle> t ! exp]im5tal plan anticipat$ dea?s4 7,tr4 pp4 #ijdf-g47 ,dr4 ,ivy te/ifi$ t1 on ! basis ( 8 /udies ( ! *>ts kept dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts1 !re 0 an insuffici5t obs]vation p]iod aft] ! exp]im5ts to det]m9e :e!r !re 7 any delay$ damag+ effects to ! exp]im5tal subjects4 7,tr4 p4 #ijdi47 ,! results ( ! exp]im5ts are n sci5tifically reliable4 7,tr4 p4 #ijea47 ,dr4 ,ivy po9t$ out t ! *>t ( subject #c prov$ t he 0 too weak to /& & h 8 blood pressure tak5 on sev]al occasions4 7,tr4 p4 #ijeb47 ,?is 0 "o ( ! subjects 9 ! fa/+ & ?ir/+ gr\p4 ,he 0 giv5 an injection ( coron9e on #bi ,augu/ & /ry*n9e on #cj & #ca ,augu/4 ,bo? ( ^! drugs are he>t /imulants & ! cl9ical picture indicates t ?is subject 0 ill or m>k$ly disabl$ by ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #ijec47 ,eight to f\rte5 days is ! range ( survival "t ( /rong m5 "u ideal conditions = ?ir/+ & fa/+4 7,tr4 p4 #ijec47 ,z a result ( 8 /udy ( ! cl9ical records1 ,dr4 ,ivy te/ifi$ t subjects #c1 #ad1 #cf1 #cg1 #ci1 #ca1 #bc 7or #cj71 #be1 #bh1 & #bi 7 ill dur+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,subjects #c1 #bc1 7or #cj71 & #be 7 especially ill & !re is a possibility t !y 7 p]man5tly injur$ or di$ z a result ( ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #ijeh-i47 ,! subject to :om ! notes on ! back ( *>t ,c-#bc appli$ 0 v sick & 9 a coma4 7,tr4 p4 #ijfa47 ,! *anges made 9 ! /5ographic notes by ! def5dant ,beiglboeck make ! subject appe> to be 9 a bett] condition ?an he actually 04 7,tr4 pp4 #ijfb-c47 ,! bulb\s reflex ref]r$ to 9 ^! notes means ! press+ ( ! eyeball to det]m9e ! degree ( coma4 8,tonus ( ball ( eyes is bad0 indicates ! blood pressure 0 l[ & ! circulation 0 q poor4 ,?is is a bad progno/ic sign & might indicate imp5d+ dea?4 7,tr4 p4 #ijfd47 ,^! notes indicate t ! subject 0 9 a dang]\s condition & requir$ imm$iate rem$ial !rapy4 ,! foll[-up obs]vation = subject #bc 0 f\r days1 :ile = subject #cj x 0 five days4 ,?is 0 entirely insuffici5t4 ,?is subject c\ld h di$ if n prop]ly c>$ =4 7,tr4 pp4 #ijfe-f47 ,dr4 ,ivy te/ifi$ t ( ! #dd subjects1 #ac 7 too weak to /& on "o or m occasions1 _h fev]1 requir$ c>diac /imulants1 or 7 unconsci\s--namely1 subjects1 #c1 #d1 #ad1 #ba1 #bc1 #be1 #bh1 #bi1 #cb1 #cf1 #cg1 #ci & #dj4 7,tr4 pp4 #ijfg-h47 ,! /atem5t ( ! affiant ,bau] to ! effect t he obs]v$ symptoms ( he>t weakness 9 ! exp]im5tal subjects z a result ( c]ta9 electroc>diograms he took 0 corroborat$ by ,ivy4 7,tr4 p4 #ijfi47 ,9 ,dr4 ,ivy's op9ion1 an exp]im5tal subject :o agrees to und]go an exp]im5t is no long] a volunte] if1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5t1 he is =c$ to cont9ue aft] hav+ express$ a desire to be reliev$4 7,tr4 pp4 #ijgf-g47 ,! te/imony ( ! def5se exp]t ,vollh>dt is entirely unreliable4 ,al?\gh ,vollh>dt _h no?+ :atev] to d ) ^! exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au1 he repeat$ly te/ifi$ 9 a highly p>tial mann] conc]n+ matt]s ab\t :i* he c\ld n possibly h _h any k4 ,= example1 he insi/$ t ! subjects 9 ,da*au 7 volunte]s4 ,he te/ifi$ t ,beiglboeck elim9at$ ?ree subjects be=e ! exp]im5ts began because ( _! physical condition1 & t ?ree o!r p]sons imm$iately volunte]$4 7,tr4 pp4 #hdeg-h47 ,ev5 ,beiglboeck made no su* cont5tion4 ,he said t he consid]$ x 8q out ( ! "q t ! exp]im5tal subjects felt x necess>y to dr9k wat] out ( mops1 because !re 7 air raid buckets & if !y felt !y ne$$ a dr9k1 !y c\ld h drunk out ( !m40 7,tr4 p4 #hdfg47 ,x is pass+ /range t ,vollh>dt c\ld h su* in=mation :5 he 0 nev] 9 ,da*au4 ,he believ$ x q impossible t any ( ! exp]im5tal subjects _h cramps1 al?\gh subject #bi is prov$ to h _h cramps & organic seizures by ! notes quot$ above4 ,al?\gh ,vollh>dt admitt$ t ! cl9ical data %[$ t a numb] ( ! exp]im5tal subjects _h secretly obta9$ fre% wat]1 & al?\gh ,beiglboeck admitt$ t "s ( ! subjects ?rew _! ur9e away 7,tr4 p4 #hhfe71 ,vollh>dt 0 q sure t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 all volunte]s4 ,vollh>dt made no /udy ( ! cl9ical notes himself b turn$ !m ov] to a #be-ye>-old assi/ant to dige/ = him4 7,tr4 p4 #hdcb47 ,he admitt$ t he reli$ on descriptions ( ! exp]im5ts made by ,beck]-,freys5g & ,beiglboeck s9ce ! trial began4 7,tr4 p4 #hdch47 ,vollh>dt _h _h no previ\s exp]i5ce ) sea-wat] problems1 nor _h 8 assi/ant4 7,tr4 p4 #hdea47 ,vollh>dt te/ifi$ t he conduct$ a volunte] exp]im5t on five ( 8 doctor assi/ants aft] he _h be5 approa*$ by def5se c\nsel4 ,8 subjects drank #ejj cc4 ( simulat$ sea-wat] p] day & receiv$ #a1fjj calories p] day4 7,tr4 pp4 #hddj-b47 ,f\r ( ! subjects cont9u$ ! exp]im5t = five days & "o = six days4 ,! latt] subject drank an extra #ejj cc4 on ! la/ day4 ,! purpose ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 to asc]ta9 h[ mu* a p]son suff]s :5 und]go+ a sea-wat] exp]im5t4 7,tr4 p4 #hddc47 ,vollh>dt's subjects cont9u$ _! "w ab\t ! cl9ic1 al?\gh !y ate & slept 9 ! same room4 ,he does n "k :e!r !y w5t to ! local c9ema or left ! cl9ic = o!r purposes dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #hdde47 ,f\r ( ! subjects quit on ! fif? day because ( an engagem5t ) a "y lady4 7,tr4 p4 #hdej47 ,he te/ifi$ t 8 subjects _h no sev]e ?ir/ on ! fir/ two days1 x became unpleasant on ! ?ird1 r$uc$ ?ir/ on ! f\r?1 & v /rong ?ir/ on ! fif? day2 ! subject :o w5t six days report$ t x made v little diff]5ce4 ,all cont9u$ _! "w dur+ ! exp]im5t4 7,tr4 p4 #hdec47 ,x is obvi\s t ?is exp]im5t 9 no way comp>$ to ^? conduct$ 9 ,da*au4 ,:ile "s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 9 ,da*au 7 too weak on _m occasions to h _! blood pressure tak51 ,vollh>dt's subjects 7 able to cont9ue _! "w4 ,:ile ,vollh>dt's subjects 7 tra9$ doctors :o p>ticipat$ 9 ! exp]im5t because ( int]e/1 :o 7 p]mitt$ to )draw f ! exp]im5t at any "t1 :o 7 p]mitt$ to control _! own activities dur+ ! exp]im5t1 none ( ^! important factors 7 pres5t 9 ! ,da*au exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #hdgi47 ,! wret*$ gypsies 7 n p]mitt$ to )draw :5 !y felt l x4 ,!y did n "k h[ long ! exp]im5ts 7 to la/1 !y _h no fre$om ( activity1 !y _h no int]e/ 9 ! exp]im5t4 ,vollh>dt's reg>d = ^! gypsies is app>5t f 8 /atem5t t 899 99 99 p l t w ( c\rse f9d a way0 to *eat4 7,tr4 p4 #hdfh47 ,t ,vollh>dt knew no?+ ( ! exp]im5ts he purport$ to te/ify ab\t is app>5t f 8 te/imony reg>d+ _! duration4 ,= example1 he /at$ t 9 ! ,b]katit gr\p ( #ejj cc41 ! exp]im5ts 7 discont9u$ aft] six days4 7,tr4 p4 #hdfb47 ,! cl9ical *>ts :i* ,vollh>dt _h 9 8 possession1 & ^u :i* 8 te/imony purport$ to be bas$1 %[ t ! duration ( ! exp]im5ts 9 ?is gr\p ran z high z #i days1 & 9 all b two cases exce$$ six days4 ,he te/ifi$ t ! gr\p on sea-wat] 0 also discont9u$ aft] six days :ile ! cl9ical *>ts %[ "s ( !m to h run z long z t5 days4 ,9 ! fa/+ & ?ir/+ gr\p he te/ifi$ t !y 7 discont9u$ aft] f\r to five days1 :ile ! *>t %[s t !y la/$ f #e to #g days4 7,tr4 pp4 #hdfb-c47 ,no1 ,vollh>dt's te/imony w\ld inde$ h be5 an unreliable sub/itute = ! *>ts4 ,! te/imony ( ! prosecution witnesses proves t ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts result$ 9 murd] & tortures4 ,! ,au/rian witness ,vorlicek1 :o 0 tri$ = 8prep>ation ( high treason0 9 #aici & s5t5c$ to f\r ye>s 9 a p5it5ti>y1 0 transf]r$ to ,da*au 9 ,m>* #aidd & act$ z an assi/ant nurse 9 ! exp]im5tal /ation dur+ ! c\rse ( ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #ichc-e47 ,"o ( ! inmate gu>ds :o fell asleep 0 transf]r$ to a p5al company4 7,tr4 p4 #ichf47 ,at lea/ "o ( ! subjects suff]$ a viol5t attack ( cramps4 7,tr4 p4 #ichf47 ,on "o occasion ,vorlicek spill$ "s fre% wat] on ! floor & =got ! rag :i* he us$ to mop x up4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects seiz$ ! dirty rag & suck$ ! wat] out ( x4 ,beiglboeck ?reat5$ to put him 9 ! exp]im5ts if x ev] happ5$ aga94 7,tr4 p4 #ichg47 ,! exp]im5tal subjects 7 n volunte]s4 ,vorlicek talk$ to "s ( ! ,cze* subjects :o told him !y _h be5 ask$ 9 ano!r camp to volunte] = a good outside assignm5t & only :5 !y got to ,da*au did !y f9d out t !y 7 to und]go ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #ichh1 #icib47 ,he te/ifi$ t ! subjects 7 ( ,cze*1 ,poli%1 ,hung>ian1 ,au/rian1 & ,g]man nationalities4 7,tr4 p4 #ichh47 ,"s ( ! subjects 7 q ill & he 0 "u ! impression t !y w\ld n live mu* long]4 ,ab\t ?ree mon?s aft] ! exp]im5ts he met ,franz1 "o ( ! subjects1 & he told him t "o ( ! victims ( ! exp]im5ts _h already di$4 7,tr4 p4 #icij47 ,! witness ,laub+]1 :o 0 subject numb] #g1 te/ifi$ t he 0 arre/$ by ! ,ge/apo 9 ,m>* #aidc because he 0 a gypsy4 ,he 0 s5t to ,aus*witz 9 ! spr+ ( #aidc )\t hav+ be5 tri$ = any crime4 7,tr4 p4 #ajaii47 ,he 0 lat] transf]r$ to ,bu*5wald = a few weeks & :ile !re1 toge!r ) o!r inmates1 0 ask$ to volunte] = a clean+-up "w detail 9 ,da*au4 ,! inmates 7 "u ! impression t conditions 7 bett] 9 ,da*au1 s !y agre$ to g4 ,^u _! arrival at ,da*au !y 7 giv5 a physical exam9ation & ,x-ray$ & !n tak5 to ! exp]im5tal /ation4 7,tr4 p4 #ajbjj47 ,beiglboeck told !m t !y 7 to p>ticipate 9 ! sea-wat] exp]im5t & t 0 ! fir/ !y knew ( x4 7,tr4 p4 #ajbja47 ,laub+] id5tifi$ ,beiglboeck 9 ! dock4 7,tr4 p4 #ajbjb47 ,he told ,beiglboeck t he _h _h two /oma* op]ations1 b ,beiglboeck did n p]mit him to )draw4 ,beiglboeck did n ask :e!r ! subjects wi%$ to volunte]1 & !y did n volunte]4 7,tr4 p4 #ajbjc47 ,laub+]1 :o 0 9 ! ,s*aef] gr\p1 0 giv5 ,s*aef] wat] = #ab days & fa/$ = at lea/ n9e days4 ,he got s weak he c\ld h>dly /& up4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects receiv$ special food = only "o day aft] ! exp]im5t4 ,beiglboeck _h promis$ !m extra rations & an easy "w detail b ^! promises 7 n kept4 7,tr4 p4 #ajbje47 ,"o ( ! subjects tri$ to p]suade ! o!rs to refuse to dr9k ! sea-wat]4 ,beiglboeck ?reat5$ to h him hang$ = sabotage4 ,! subject lat] vomit$ aft] dr9k+ sea-wat] :]eupon ,beiglboeck _h ! wat] adm9i/]$ ?r\gh a /oma* tube4 7,tr4 p4 #ajbjg47 ,ano!r subject 0 ti$ to 8 b$ & adhesive tape 0 pla/]$ ov] 8 m\?1 because he _h obta9$ "s fre% wat] & bread4 ,mo/ ( ! subjects 7 ,cze*1 ,poli%1 & ,russian nationalities1 ) approximately eight ,g]mans4 7,tr4 p4 #ajbjh474 ,a numb] ( subjects suff]$ attacks ( delirium & two 7 transf]r$ to ! hospital4 ,laub+] did n see !m aga94 7,tr4 p4 #ajbji47 ,! witness ,hoell5ra9] corroborat$ ! te/imony ( ,laub+] on all important po9ts4 ,he te/ifi$ t ! exp]im5tal subjects did n volunte] 7,tr4 p4 #ajeji7 & t ! majority ( !m 7 non-,g]man nationals4 7,tr4 p4 #ajeac47 ,hoell5ra9] te/ifi$ fur!r t ,beiglboeck %[$ no conc]n = ! exp]im5tal subjects1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ?reat5$ to %oot !m :5 !y became excit$4 7,x h>dly seems appropriate to we> a gun :5 exp]im5t+ on volunte]s47 ,he _h no pity = !m :5 !y became deliri\s f ?ir/ & hung]4 7,tr4 p4 #ajeaj47 ,! witness ,hoell5ra9] un=tunately assault$ ,beiglboeck 9 op5 ,c\rt4 ,?is impulsive act ( ! witness1 h[ev]1 speaks m =cibly ?an volumes ( te/imony z to ! inhuman treatm5t ( ! exp]im5tal subjects & ! suff]+ :i* 0 inflict$ on !m z a result ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,we may re/ assur$ t ,hoell5ra9] 0 no volunte]4 ,:5 expla9+ 8 behavior to ! ,tribunal1 ,hoell5ra9] *>act]iz$ ,beiglboeck a 8murd]]04 7,tr4 pp4 #ajbcc-d47 ,! witness ,ts*(5ig 0 committ$ to ,da*au 9 ,novemb] #aidj :]e he rema9$ until ,april #aide4 ,he 0 a political prison]4 7,tr4 p4 #icca474 ,he is at pres5t a memb] ( ! ,c>9?ian ,l& ,diet 9 ,au/ria4 7,tr4 p4 #iccb47 ,f ! summ] ( #aidb until ! end1 he 0 9 *>ge ( ! ,x-ray /ation 9 ,da*au4 7,tr4 p4 #iccd47 ,he exam9$ ! transport ( gypsies 9 ! summ] ( #aidd be=e ! exp]im5ts began & exclud$ a numb] ( !m z be+ unfit4 7,tr4 pp4 #iccd-e47 ,he saw ,beiglboeck sev]al times 9 ! camp & 9 ! ,x-ray /ation4 7,tr4 p4 #icce47 ,dur+ ! exp]im5ts a numb] ( ^? :o got sick 7 br\ght to ! ,x-ray /ation = exam9ation4 ,_! physical condition _h det]iorat$ consid]ably z a result ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,he he>d t "o ( ! subjects _h a maniac attack4 7,tr4 p4 #iccf47 ,at ! conclusion ( ! exp]im5ts1 ?ree ( ! subjects 7 br\ght to ! /ation = int]nal diseases4 ,"o 0 on a /ret*] & unable to walk4 ,all ( !m 7 ,x-ray$ by ,ts*(5ig4 7,tr4 p4 #icch47 ,x 0 cu/om>y to s5d ! results ( ! ,x-ray exam9ations to ! hospital w>d :]e ! inmates 7 kept4 ,ts*(5ig receiv$ an (ficial ord] f ! /ation = int]nal diseases t x 0 n necess>y to report on ! /ret*] case z he _h di$ two days aft] 8 transf]4 ,! /ation physician report$ t ! dea? result$ f ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 ,ts*(5ig exam9$ ! dea? records himself4 7,tr4 p4 #icci47 ,ev5 ,dr4 ,/e9bau]1 def5se c\nsel = ,beiglboeck1 has app>5tly conv9c$ himself t ^! exp]im5ts involv$ torture4 ,he said1 9 expla9+ 8 conduct 9 )hold+ "p ( a docum5t ! ,tribunal _h ord]$ to be produc$1 t3 8,i d n want to say any?+ ab\t ! exp]im5tal subjects1 :o suff]$ t]ribly40 7,tr4 p4 #icgh47 c4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,s*ro$]#dg 99 99 99 99 99 ,i n[ come to ! c\nt ( ! indictm5t 8,p>ticipation ( ! def5dant ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*ro$] 9 ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts :i* 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp40 ,9 ! case ( ^! exp]im5ts1 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]'s p>ticipation has be5 e/abli%$1 & he has accept$ ! responsibility z f> z ! prep>ation & ! plann+ ( ^! exp]im5ts are conc]n$4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] has ma9ly be5 accus$ by ! prosecution ( hav+ p]mitt$ ^! exp]im5ts to be c>ri$ out 9 a conc5tration camp4 ,! prosecution 9 its case aga9/ ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] fur!r /at$ t ^! exp]im5ts 7 n necess>y at all1 & x drew ! conclusion t ! exp]im5ts _h only be5 ord]$ 9 ord] to torture p & 9 ord] to subject !m to unnecess>y cruelties2 x also /at$ t x 0 cle> t 9 no case _h ! exp]im5tal subjects be5 volunte]s4 ,!re=e x is ! task ( ! def5se to %[ 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs :y f ! po9t ( view ( ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]1 z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ^! exp]im5ts _h to be consid]$ necess>y1 & j :at reasons motivat$ him to give 8 approval = ! c>ry+ out ( ! exp]im5ts 9 a conc5tration camp4 ,! fir/ "q !re=e is--:y & f :at consid]ations 7 !re exp]im5ts ord]$ at all8 ,x mu/ be /at$ 9 advance "h1 t z f> z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] 0 conc]n$1 he did n h to exam9e ! "q :e!r "o or ! o!r me?od = mak+ sea-wat] dr9kable 0 m suitable2 ! problem = him exi/$ 9 its entirety & x c\ld n be divid$4 ,x 0 to rescue %ipwreck$ p]sons f dea? f lack ( wat] & f9d ! be/ me?od ( protection aga9/ ?is dang]4 ,?is problem _h already be5 h&l$ by v>i\s int]e/$ ag5cies = q "s "t1 & v>i\s individual que/ions = ! solution ( ?is problem _h aris54 ,no me?od = mak+ sea-wat] dr9kable _h be5 f\nd & x 0 n cle> :at proc$ure %\ld be advocat$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ye> #aidc two me?ods = mak+ sea-wat] dr9kable 7 (f]$ almo/ simultane\sly4 ,"o ( !m1 ! s-call$ ,w(atit me?od1 _h be5 develop$ by ,dr4 ,s*aef] 9 collaboration ) ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b54 ,ano!r1 ! ,b]katit me?od1 repres5t$ ! inv5tion ( ,/abs+5ieur ,b]ka4 ,x 0 q cle>ly recogniz$ t ,s*aef]'s ,w(atit repres5t$ ! ideal solution1 because ?is me?od remov$ all ! salt f ! sea-wat] & *ang$ x into dr9k+ wat]1 :ile ! ,b]ka me?od let ! salt rema9 9 ! sea-wat] & only improv$ ! ta/e ( ! sea-wat] ?r\gh ! addition ( v>i\s sug> & vitam9 drugs4 ,we agree ) ! prosecution & ! exp]t ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,ivy :5 !y /ate t a *emi/ 9 ! c\rse ( "o aft]noon c\ld h decid$ by means ( a %ort exp]im5t :e!r ,w(atit or ,b]katit 0 bett]4 ,! p>ticipat+ ag5cies ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] & ,dr4 ,beck]-,freys5g1 realiz$ t q cle>ly4 ,f ! *emical po9t ( view ?is problem c\ld also h be5 solv$ 9 a simple mann]4 ,! difficulty :i* exi/$ = ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] ) reg>d to ?is problem1 h[ev]1 lay 9 ano!r field2 ?is 0 ! %ortage ( raw mat]ials prevail+ at ! "t1 :i* _h aris5 9 ,g]many because ( ! w>4 ,?is circum/ance made x possible = ! ,te*nical ,(fice ( ! ,luftwaffe to oppose ! introduction ( ! ,w(atit & to consid] ! ,b]katit me?od1 because ! raw mat]ials = ! latt] me?od c\ld be procur$ )\t any difficulty & production c\ld be />t$ "r away1 s9ce production facilities = ! appropriate am\nts 7 already 9 exi/5ce4 ,x 0 diff]5t 9 ! case ( ,w(atit4 ,consid]able am\nts ( silv] 7 requir$ = its production1 :i* c\ld n be set aside = ! production ( ,w(atit )\t damag+ o!r production bran*es :i* also ne$$ ?is metal4 ,! ,te*nical ,(fice ( ! ,luftwaffe1 !re=e1 _h already decid$ 9 favor ( ! introduction ( ,b]katit on #a ,july #aidd4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]1 9 8 capacity z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate1 h[ev]1 c\ld n h assum$ ! responsibility = hav+ ! units :i* 7 entru/$ to 8 pr(essional m$ical c>e equipp$ ) ! ,b]ka me?od1 because ! dang] exi/$ t %ipwreck$ aviators1 deceiv$ by ! improvem5t 9 ! ta/e ( sea-wat]1 w\ld dr9k x 9 l>g] am\nts & ?us increase ! dang] ( _! dy+ ( ?ir/4 ,! "q also _h to be cl>ifi$ :e!r ! %ipwreck$ crew ( an airplane completely adrift at sea %\ld g )\t any food or wat] :atsoev] or :e!r !y %\ld consume a c]ta9 am\nt ( sea-wat] r ?an no wat] at all4 ,?is la/ "q c\ld only be cl>ifi$ by c>ry+ out an exp]im5t on human be+s4 ,an exp]im5t on animals w\ld n suffice 9 ?is respect1 because ! di/ribution ( wat] 9 ! body ( animals diff]s f t 9 a human be+4 ,by prov+ its m$ical objections1 ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate w\ld also h be5 able to make its po9t ( view he>d by ! ,te*nical ,(fice1 if ! m$ical exp]t1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,epp+]1 "o ( ! be/ kn[n speciali/s = int]nal diseases n only 9 ,g]many1 b 9 ,europe1 _h n sid$ ) ! ,te*nical ,(fice4 ,pr(essor ,epp+]1 9 ! conf]5ce at ! ,te*nical ,(fice on #be ,may #aidd1 expressly voic$ ! op9ion t ! ,b]ka me?od 0 suitable1 because = a c]ta9 "t ! human kidney c\ld conc5trate salt up to #c p]c5t1 & because ! vitam9s :i* _h be5 add$ to ! ,b]ka me?od w\ld be suitable = spe$+ up ! excretion ( ! salt f ! human organism4 ,?is op9ion 0 also %>$ at ! same conf]5ce by ! ph>macologi/ ,pr(essor ,heubn]1 :o is /ill "o ( ! lead+ speciali/s 9 ! field today4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] w\ld n h be5 able to turn d[n bo? me?ods4 ,he w\ld !n h be5 reproa*$ ) ! fact t he _h n done ev]y?+ )9 8 p[] 9 ord] to make ! position ( %ipwreck$ ,g]man soldi]s m be>able & to save !m f dy+ ( lack ( wat]4 ,x1 !re=e1 becomes evid5t t ^! consid]ations on ! "p ( ,s*ro$] give u pro( ( 8 great feel+ ( responsibility2 x 0 n easy = him to give 8 approval = ! c>ry+ out ( su* exp]im5ts4 ,fur!r developm5ts also %[ cle>ly t ,s*ro$]1 9 spite ( ! fact t he 0 extremely busy ) (ficial matt]s1 devot$ ! greate/ c>e & consci5ti\sness to ?is matt]4 ,he did n j decide to select ,da*au z ! place :]e ! exp]im5ts 7 to be c>ri$ out4 ,orig9ally he did n ev5 h>bor su* a ?\ght1 b he int5d$ to h ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out z a troop exp]im5t 9 in/itutes :i* 7 own$ by ! ,luftwaffe4 ,he 0 prim>ily consid]+ ! ,luftwaffe hospital at ,brunswick = ?is purpose4 ,on #a ,july #aidd he turn$ to ! *ief m$ical (fic] ( ?is hospital1 :o 0 compet5t 9 ! matt]1 :o1 h[ev]1 disapprov$ ( x4 ,?is becomes evid5t f ! c]tificate ( ,dr4 ,h>riehaus51 :o 0 a ,g5]al>zt at ! "t4 ,n[ ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] began to consid] ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy ( ! ,luftwaffe 9 ,b]l91 :]e he int5d$ to use ! "y cadets 9 ?is academy z exp]im5tal subjects4 ,an inquiry :i* he made !re 0 also unsuccessful4 ,! reason :y 8 reque/s 7 turn$ d[n 9 ea* case 0 t j at ?is p>ticul> "t ! ,,okw _h issu$ a /rict ord] to ! effect t all convalesc5ts 7 to be return$ imm$iately f ! hospitals to _! units1 & t ! cadets ( ! academy 7 to be giv5 a combat assignm5t4 ,= ! same reason1 ! sugge/ion ( ,pr(essor ,beiglboeck to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts at ! ,t>vis ,field ,hospital also rema9$ unsuccessful4 ,! fur!r possibility ( p]haps us+ ,g]man civilians = ! exp]im5ts 0 completely out ( "q because at ?is "t x 0 n possible to f9d "y m5 9 ! age gr\ps necess>y 9 ?is case among ! ,g]man civilian population1 because all ( !m _h ei!r be5 conscript$ = milit>y s]vice or = labor s]vice4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]1 !re=e1 _h no *oice b to foll[ ! sugge/ion ( consid]+ ,da*au conc5tration camp = 8 exp]im5tal /ation4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] 0 n in=m$ at all ab\t conditions 9 a conc5tration camp4 ,he ?\ght ! circum/ances 9 su* a camp 7 no diff]5t f ^? prevail+ 9 a milit>y camp1 & only ! names ,da*au & ,orani5burg 7 kn[n to him z conc5tration camps4 ,9 ?is connection1 x may be po9t$ out t ! ,,ss surr\nd$ ev5ts 9 ! conc5tration camps ) an almo/ imp5etrable veil ( secrecy4 ,s*ro$] nev] li/5$ to =eign radio /ations4 ,9 ! circles ( 8 m$ical (fic]s su* ev5ts 7 nev] discuss$4 ,i may po9t out "h t an express oppon5t ( ,national ,socialism1 no less ?an ! =m] ,prussian ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 ,sev]+1 te/ifi$ z a witness 9 ! ,,imt trial t he _h _h no k ( ! ev5ts 9 ! conc5tration camps1 & he _h diff]5t s\rces ( in=mation at 8 disposal f ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]4 ,if ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] _h _h any idea ( :at happ5$ 9 conc5tration camps :ile he 0 away f ,g]many1 !n 9 view ( 8 ideology z a fai?ful ,*ri/ian1 he w\ld h refus$ su* contact ) conc5tration camps aris+ out ( ord]+ ^! exp]im5ts4 ,! decisive po9t 9 ,s*ro$]'s favor is t ! exp]im5ts 7 n to be c>ri$ out "u ! sup]vision & comm& ( ! ,,ss camp lead]%ip b completely sep>ate1 "u ! special lead]%ip ( a ,luftwaffe m$ical (fic] & recogniz$ speciali/4 ,z a fur!r consid]ation1 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] _h to take into acc\nt t a useful result c\ld be a*iev$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts only if !y c\ld be c>ri$ out )\t int]ruption or h9drance4 ,because ( ! !n preval5t almo/ daily air raids ov] ! :ole ( ,g]many1 no gu>antee = an un9t]rupt$ execution ( ^! exp]im5ts c\ld be giv5 9 any spot 9 ,g]many4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 kn[n t air raids on conc5tration camps did n take place4 ,moreov]1 ! *>ge _c be br\ght aga9/ ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] t he *ose a conc5tration camp because he !n _h available def5seless tools :o p]=ce _h to subject !mselves to ! exp]im5ts4 ,! v opposite is true4 ,x 0 cle> to ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] t if he want$ to be successful he c\ld c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts only ) volunt>y exp]im5tal subjects1 = ! director ( ! exp]im5ts 0 dep5d5t on ! will+ coop]ation ( ! exp]im5tal subjects1 s9ce 9 no o!r way c\ld usable cl9ical data be a*iev$4 ,e involunt>y exp]im5tal subject w\ld h _h ! p[] to drop out ( ! exp]im5t prematurely by feign+ indisposition or pa91 &1 9 ?is way1 w\ld h caus$ ! director ( ! exp]im5t to t]m9ate x prematurely4 ,= ! fur!r evaluation ( ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]'s conduct1 8 conv]sation ) ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,grawitz mu/ be consid]$ especially4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] express$ ! op9ion to ,grawitz t he c\ld only "w ) heal?y & volunt>y exp]im5tal p]sons1 ^: age correspond$ to t ( ! pilots "u 8 comm&1 & he made ! fur!r condition t ! exp]im5tal p]sons %\ld h ! same physiological & racial requisites z ! memb]s ( ! ,g]man ,wehrma*t 9 "q4 ,on direct exam9ation1 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] te/ifi$ "u oa? t 9 ?is connection he talk$ to ,grawitz ab\t di%onorably dis*>g$ =m] memb]s ( ! ,g]man ,wehrma*t :o1 he knew1 _h be5 transf]r$ to conc5tration camps because ( ! s]i\sness ( _! (f5ses4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] c\ld n assume1 nor 0 any report on ! "p ( ,grawitz or ! ,,ss lead]%ip made to him1 t ! ,,ss lead]%ip did n accept ?is sugge/ion & t in/ead ( =m] memb]s ( ! ,g]man ,wehrma*t1 gypsies _h be5 decid$ ^u = exp]im5tal purposes4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]1 f 8 po9t ( view1 c\ld rely on ,grawitz to make arrangem5ts accord+ to 8 sugge/ions2 he _h no reason to expect t ! ,,ss w\ld decide ^u exp]im5tal subjects1 aga9/ 8 well-f\nd$ wi%1 :o1 racially & physiologically did n h ! pr]equisites dem&$ by ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]4 ,because ( ! extremely heavy (ficial duties caus$ = ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] 9 8 capacity z *ief m$ical (fic] by ! imm95t collapse ( ,g]man milit>y resi/ance1 ?is affair 0 only a small segm5t ( 8 (ficial duties & x mu/ be admitt$ t he c\ld n conc]n himself fur!r ) ?is affair4 ,a fur!r consid]ation :i* ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] _h to be> 9 m9d 0 :e!r su* exp]im5ts 7 dang]\s & possibly damag+ to ! heal? ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] _h ?or\ghly /udi$ ?is "q & contemplat$ all possible aspects ( ! problem4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] also knew t sea-wat] is us$ by doctors = dr9k+ cures & t ! crit]ion ( h>mfulness dep5ds on ! doses4 ,if !re 0 m$ical sup]vision !n !re w\ld be no dang] to heal?4 ,!re=e1 ! prosecution's *>ge t he fail$ to take ! possible haz>ds suffici5tly into acc\nt is n ju/ifi$4 ,no?+ %[s ! high degree ( responsibility :i* *>act]iz$ ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] m ?an ! in/ructions :i* ! m$ical inspector issu$ to ! man c>ry+ out ! exp]im5ts4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] 0 conv9c$ t ! exp]im5ts held no dang] to ! exp]im5tal subjects & he express$ ?is op9ion to ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,grawitz4 ,su* dang] 0 exclud$ p>ticul>ly if & :5 ! quantity ( sea-wat] to be tak5 0 regulat$ 9 accordance ) ! be/ m$ical exp]i5ces1 & :5 x 0 def9itely ord]$ t ! exp]im5ts %\ld be /opp$ at a c]ta9 "t2 &1 fur!rmore1 if ! selection ( ! man 9 *>ge ( ! exp]im5ts gu>ante$1 on ! basis ( pr(essional & e?ical /&>ds1 t ! exp]im5ts w\ld be c>ri$ out 9 a humane mann]1 tak+ into acc\nt all m$ical & cl9ical consid]ations4 ,!re=e1 x is fully ju/ifi$ if ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] claims t he1 f 8 position z a physician & a lead+ m$ical (fic]1 consid]$ all possible situations & attempt$ to av]t all possible s\rces ( dang] z f> z humanly possible4 ,8 direction to ! man 9 *>ge to discont9ue ! exp]im5ts z soon z ! exp]im5tal subject refus$ to take 9 fur!r wat]1 & if dang]\s injury to ! body 7 recognizable1 mu/ be m5tion$ 9 ,s*ro$]'s favor4 ,! p]son c>ry+ out ! exp]im5ts 0 furni%$ ) all necess>y assi/ants & a numb] ( special co-work]s f m$ical circles z well z all ma*9]y to c>ry out 8 "w 9 an ord]ly fa%ion4 ,! cont5tion t bo? ! plann+ & prep>ation ( ! exp]im5ts by ,s*ro$] c /& any exam9ation1 t t plann+ 0 ) full moral responsibility & ) a true feel+ ( duty & humanity 0 reaffirm$1 too1 be=e ?is ,tribunal by ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,vollh>dt1 z well z by ! ,am]ican exp]t1 ,pr(essor ,ivy4 ,x is simply un?9kable t in/ructions to "o conduct+ exp]im5ts c\ld be m correct f a m$ical po9t ( view ?an ^? :i* ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] work$ out4 ,by ?is plea & ! evid5ce1 all *>ges aga9/ ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] 9 ! sea-wat] complex are refut$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,beiglboeck 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,p]sons ,subject$ to ! ,exp]im5ts ,z reg>ds ?is subject sea-wat] exp]im5ts ,i want to put ! def5dant's /atem5ts fir/ 7,tr4 pp4 #hgjc-d73 8,,dr4 ,,/e9bau]3 ,did y h influ5ce on ! selection ( ! exp]im5tal subjects8 8,,def5dant ,,beiglboeck3 ,no4 ,i 0 told at ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate t arrangem5ts _h be5 made ) ! ,,ss1 & ! ,,ss 9 accordance ) ^! arrangem5ts w\ld supply ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,i did n h to worry ab\t t4 8,q4 ,did y h ord]s to f9d out :]e ! exp]im5tal subjects came f & :at ! specifi$ circum/ances & conditions 78 8,a4 ,no4 ,t too 0 n a decision t ,i c\ld h made1 nor c\ld ! ,luftwaffe4 8,q4 ,did y "k be=e t gypsies _h be5 us$8 8,a4 ,i only f\nd out t gypsies 7 com+ into ,da*au f ! camp comm&ant4 99 99 99 ,i1 !re=e1 d n feel t ,i am responsible ei!r = ! selection ( ! place :]e ! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out nor = ! selection ( ^? p]sons :o 7 us$40 ,def5dant ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*ro$] /ates reg>d+ ?is 7,tr4 pp4 #cfgf-g73 ,transcrib] ,note3 ,! text ends "h4 ,no fur!r /atem5t pr9t$ 9 ! orig9al text4 ,,cross-,,exam9ation 8,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,did y say any?+ to ,beiglboeck ab\t ! exp]im5tal subjects8 8,,def5dant ,,s*ro$]3 ,no4 ,we only spoke ab\t ! matt] z su*4 ,i am n q sure :e!r ! "q #8conc5tration camp' 0 already e/abli%$ at t "t4 ,please1 :y don't y ask ,beiglboeck himself8 ,i don't "k if x 0 be=e or aft] #a ,june4 8,q4 ,y didn't say any?+ to ,beiglboeck ab\t mak+ sure t only ,g]man volunte]s 7 us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts8 8,a4 ,t 0 a matt] ( c\rse4 ,!re 0 no discussion ab\t x4 ,x 0 no subject ( discussion4 ,!re wasn't any?+ to be discuss$4 8,q4 ,well1 y didn't tell him t !n8 8,a4 ,i don't "k4 ,i c't tell y t "u oa?4 ,i "k t !re 7 volunte]s2 & ,i c]ta9ly did n say t !y _h to be ,g]man because ,i didn't take any o!r possibility into consid]ation at all & c\ldn't h said x4 ,^! are all recon/ructions :i* came up lat]1 b at t "t w]5't subjects ( discussion at all40 ,^! 7 gypsies we>+ ! black badge ( ! asocials4 ,! def5dant /ates t ! ,/urmbannfuehr] 9 *>ge ( ! %ipm5t told him t ^! p]sons 7 all asocials1 :o 7 int]n$ on acc\nt ( puni%able (f5ses & n = social reasons4 ,z we read 9 ,kogon's book 8,! ,,ss ,/ate0#dh ! black badge 0 9 fact ! designation ( ! asocials4 ,we see f ,docum5t ,,no-#agi1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ace1 t ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,nebe sugge/$ z p]sons to be us$ = ! exp]im5ts asocial p]sons ( mix$ gypsy blood 9 ,aus*witz conc5tration camp1 :o 7 9 good heal? b at ! same "t unsuitable = labor4 ,9 ! book on gypsies ( ! ,royal ,police ,directorate ,muni* #aije1 7,beiglboeck #bh1 ,beiglboeck ,ex4 #aa71 we read3 8,! greate/ difficulty arises 9 secur+ a c5sus ( gypsies4 ,! majority ( !m make e ef=t to obscure _! id5tity ?r\gh false /atem5ts or ?r\gh a pret5se ( ignorance 99 99 9940 ,_! asocial "* l$ to a s]ies ( police regulations1 ( :i* ! mo/ important are ! foll[+1 z f> z ,g]many is conc]n$3 ,decree ( #af ,may #aich1 ,,rmb#a4;i4,v4 7,bullet9 ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior7 pages #hhc-d1 conc]n+ measures aga9/ ! gypsy nuisance4 ,decree ( #h ,decemb] #aich1 ,,rmb#a4;i4,v41 page #baje1 conc]n+ measures aga9/ ! gypsy nuisance4 ,decree ( #aj ,novemb] #aici1 ,,rmb#a4;i4,v41 page #bcci1 conc]n+ employm5t records = gypsies4 ,decree ( #b ,septemb] #aici1 ,rei* ,law ,gazette1 ,i1 page #aegh4 ,prohibition ( w&]+ ( gypsies 9 ! fronti] zone#di 7,sec4 #d ( ! ord9ance conc]n+ fronti] protection74 ,! witness ,dorn /ates 7,tr4 p4 #hfah73 8,z f> z ,i "k1 ! br[n sign 0 done away ) 9 ,bu*5wald 9 #aidj & all gypsies arre/$ = racial reasons 7 asocial4 ,9 o!r words1 f #aidj on1 !re 7 no gypsies 9 ! camp :o 7 n designat$ 9 ! fil+ sy/em z asocial1 z unwill+ to "w40 ,! same witness /ates 7,tr4 pp4 #hffa-b73 8,i c m]ely say t initially all gypsies 7 arre/$ = racial reasons4 ,lat] on ?is 0 *ang$4 ,"s ( ! gypsies :o 7 n decl>$ asocial elem5ts 7 remov$ f ,da*au to ! ,labor ,h\se 9 ! ,rebdorf ,bav>ian p5it5ti>y40#ej ,! fam\s ,swiss ,psy*iatri/ ,e4 ,bleul]1 ,zu]i*1 writes 9 8 ,textbook on ,psy*iatry1 ,b]l91 ,spr+]1 #aicg on pages #cig-djj ab\t3 ,con/itutional e?nical deviations 899 99 99 ,a l>ge numb] ( asocials %[ :at type ( "* !y are :ile /ill "y4 ,mo/ ( !m are backw>d at s*ool1 ev5 if _! intellig5ce is good1 because !y adju/ !mselves too little & %[ too little indu/ry & att5tion4 ,extraord9>y a*ievem5ts 9 any s+le direction are r>e4 ,_m ( !m are lazy1 ?iev+1 ly+1 cruel to animals & p1 exact+1 (t5 delib]ately & neglig5tly damag+ _! own & o!rs prop]ty1 va91 unreliable1 & egoti/ical4 ,!y _c submit to au?ority1 run away if !y d n l any?+2 puni%m5ts are n respect$1 altoge!r nei!r sug> plums nor ! :ip h any visible effects4 ,:5 c>ry+ out mean tricks !y develop cunn+ & en]gy1 soon le>n f o!rs :at is bad1 ) difficulty or n at all :at is good1 h an in/9ctive incl9ation = bad company40 ,i h n made any special ref]5ce to asocial "* to po9t out t we mu/ be p>ticul>ly c>eful :5 e/imat+ _! tru/wor?9ess1 on acc\nt ( _! t5d5cy to m5dacity & because ( a c]ta9 psy*otic cupidity conc]n+ claims = comp5sation4 ,?is is n necess>y :]e ! judges are s exp]i5c$2 ,i am ref]r+ to ?is fact = legal reasons4 ,x is well kn[n t !re is no legal def9ition ( crimes aga9/ humanity4 ,accord+ to legal au?ors1 su* crimes c only be committ$ aga9/ p]sons :o are p]secut$ = political1 religi\s1 & racial reasons4 ,to complete ?is *apt] 9 its legal aspects1 ,i w\ld also l to m5tion ! racial regulation ( ! gypsy "q z f> z x c be se5 f ,g]man legislation4 ,accord+ to ! #ab? decree implem5t+ ! ,rei* ,citiz5%ip ,law1 dat$ #be ,april #aidc 7,rei* ,law ,gazette ,i1 p4 #bfh71 gypsies :o are n yet ,g]man citiz5s _c acquire citiz5%ip4 ,section #d ( ?is decree reads3 8,jews & gypsies _c become citiz5s4 ,!y _c become citiz5s ei!r subject to revocation1 or protect$ p]sons 99 99 9940 ,accord+ to ! fir/ decree implem5t+ ! ,law = ! ,protection ( ,g]man ,blood & ,g]man ,honor ( #ad ,novemb] #aice 7,rei* ,law ,gazette ,i1 p4 #accd71 m>riage betwe5 gypsies & ,g]mans is prohibit$4 ,section #f ( ?is decree reads3 8,a m>riage %all fur!rmore n be contract$ if ! prog5y to be expect$ f x w\ld endang] ! purity ( ,g]man blood40 ,9 all fairness1 h[ev]1 "o mu/ admit 9 ?is connection t 9 ! practice ( ! ,?ird ,rei* no /rict di/9ction seems to h be5 made :5 gypsies 7 put 9 a conc5tration camp1 s t we %\ld ne$ ! crim9al record & family hi/ory ( ea* p]son subject$ to ! exp]im5ts to be able to asc]ta9 accurately ! asocial "* ( ea* individual4 ,x is a fact t 9 ! gypsy book m5tion$ by me1 #aa names ( p]sons subject$ to exp]im5ts are to be f\nd1 :o mu/ no d\bt be *>act]iz$ z asocial4 ,orig9 ( ! gypsies z to nationality ,z ,i h already m5tion$1 ! gypsies !mselves l to leave ?is po9t vague4 ,!re=e no po9t ( ! evid5ce conta9s s _m conflict+ /atem5ts z ?is p>ticul> "o4 ,beiglboeck himself _c make any def9ite /atem5ts z to ?is matt]1 b z he us$ to speak to all ( !m1 !y mu/ all h und]/ood ,g]man4 ,among ! names we also f9d pl5ty ( ,slav names1 hav+ a ,poli%1 ,ukra9ian1 or ,s\!rn ,slav s\nd4 ,9 ! old ,au/rian ,mon>*y1 ^! p 7 jumbl$ toge!r a good deal & 9 _! w&]+s !y also ent]$ ,g]man ,rei* t]ritory4 ,aft] ! break-up ( ! ,mon>*y1 "s ( ! s-call$ ,c>pa?o-,russians became citiz5s ( ,hung>y or ,slovakia4 ,9 ! ea/]n prov9ces ( ! ,g]man ,rei*1 !re 7 _m ,poles or ,g]maniz$ p]sons ) ,poli% names4 ,! m]e "n1 !re=e1 admits ( no conclusion z to nationality4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 t mo/ ( !m c\ld make !mselves und]/ood 9 ! ,g]man language all[s ! conclusion t none ( ! p]sons subject$ to exp]im5ts 7 import$ f ! ,alli$ c\ntries4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! witness ,fritz ,pillwe9 /ates 9 8 affidavit 7,beiglboeck #cb1 ,beiglboeck ,ex4 #ba73 8,! exp]im5tal subjects 9 mo/ cases spoke _! gypsy dialect4 ,_m ( !m 7 obvi\sly ( ,slav orig94 ,i did n see id5tification pap]s1 h[ev]1 z ?is 0 q impossible 9 a conc5tration camp & z ,i did n ask !m any?+ ( ! k9d1 ,i _c make any exact /atem5t reg>d+ ! nationality ( ! individual gypsies4 ,i did n ask !m because ! gypsies 7 v primitive p1 & "s ( !m did n ev5 "k _! own bir?days40 ,! witness ,mettba* /at$ :5 que/ion$ by ,dr4 ,/e9bau] 7,tr4 p4 #igbi73 8,,dr4 ,,/e9bau]3 ,:at language did y speak among y\rselves8 8,,witness ,,mettba*3 ,mo/ly gypsy language4 8,q4 ,:at 0 ! citiz5%ip ( ! individual exp]im5tal subjects8 8,a4 ,mo/ly !y 7 ,g]mans4 ,!re 7 a lot ( ,au/rians & a lot ( !m came f ,ea/ ,prussia & ,upp] ,silesia & ! ,burg5l& ,prov9ce bord]+ ,au/ria-,hung>y40 ,:5 que/ion$ by c\nsel = ! prosecution ! witness ,mettba* /at$ 7,tr4 pp4 #igcg-h73 8,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,7 !re any =eign nationals--t is1 m5 o!r ?an ,g]mans--us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts8 8,,witness ,,mettba*3 ,au/rians & ,burg5la5d] & "s f ,upp] ,silesia & ,ea/ ,prussia4 8,q4 ,no ,cze*s8 8,a4 ,no4 8,q4 ,no ,russians8 8,a4 ,no4 8,q4 ,no ,poles8 8,a4 ,a c\ple ( !m talk$ ,poli% b ,i ?9k !y came f ,upp] ,silesia or ,ea/ ,prussia4 ,t v (t5 happ5s4 ,lots ( ,upp] ,silesians c talk ,poli%40 ,:5 que/ion$ by c\nsel = ! prosecution ! witness ,joseph ,vorlicek /at$ 7,tr4 p4 #ichh73 8,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,d y "k ! nationality ( ! v>i\s subjects8 8,,witness ,,vorlicek3 ,= ! mo/ "p ,i d4 8,q4 ,c y tell ! ,tribunal ! nationality ( ! v>i\s subjects1 z ne> z y c recollect8 8,a4 ,!re 7 ,cze*s1 ,poles1 ,hung>ians1 ,au/rians1 & ,g]mans40 ,dur+ direct exam9ation ! witness ,vorlicek /at$ 7,tr4 p4 #ichh73 8,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,well1 did !y ev] volunte] = any special deta*m5t or "s su* ?+8 8,,witness ,,vorlicek3 ,well1 ?is is h[ x happ5$4 ,s9ce ,i "k ! ,slavonic language1 & !re 7 "s ,cze*s among !m1 ,i spoke to !m40 ,!re=e1 ! def5dant's /atem5t1 t ! p]sons conc]n$ 7 ,slovaks f ! ,bratislava area 7,bratislava is ! capital ( ,slovakia7 is n )\t f\ndation4 ,! ,rations ( ! ,gypsies ,! def5dant /ates t ! p]sons subject$ to ! exp]im5ts got ! ,luftwaffe flight rations be=e ! exp]im5ts1 & ! same rations aft] ! exp]im5ts1 & t !re 0 a hit* only once due to ! bomb+ ( ! provisions w>eh\se4 ,dur+ ! exp]im5ts1 ! p]sons got %ipwreck rations4 ,! ,engli%man1 ,ladell also says t he gave 8 soldi]s %ipwreck rations dur+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,on ?is po9t1 see extract f ,beiglboeck #bj1 ,beiglboeck ,exhibit #h3 899 99 99 ,9 all ! exp]im5ts ! food giv5 0 ! #8%ipwreck diet'2 ?is comprises #a ounce ea* p] day ( biscuits2 sweet5$ cond5s$ milk2 butt]1 fat1 or m>g>9e2 & *ocolate40 ,t food 0 provid$ is evid5t f two docum5ts4 7,beiglboeck #bf1 ,beiglboeck ,ex4 #ac2 ,beiglboeck #bg1 ,beiglboeck ,ex4 #ad47 ,! witness ,massion /ates 9 8 affidavit 7,beiglboeck #ca1 ,beiglboeck ,ex4 #ab73 8,be=e beg9n+ ! exp]im5t1 ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 giv5 ! same food z t suppli$ to ! fly+ p]sonnel ( ! ,luftwaffe1 t is to say1 a v nutriti\s diet ( s>d9es1 butt]1 *eese1 milk1 meat1 etc4 ,dur+ ! exp]im5t1 #d p]sons assign$ to ! ?ir/ gr\p receiv$ no food :atsoev]1 ! o!rs receiv$ sea-em]g5cy rations1 ) *ocolate1 etc4 ,i "k t on "o occasion difficulties arose 9 ! food supply :i* possibly 7 connect$ ) an air raid4 ,i 0 s5t to ,frankfurt ) ! urg5t ord] to obta9 sea-em]g5cy rations !re40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,treatm5t ( ,gypsies ,beiglboeck treat$ ! exp]im5tal subjects 9 a humane mann]4 ,x is natural t he insi/$ ! /rict obs]vance ( ! :ole exp]im5t 0 n to be a f>ce4 ,! :ole exp]im5t 0 a con/ant /ruggle aga9/ ! und]/&able attitude ( ! exp]im5tal subjects :o want$ to save !mselves by *eat+ ! director ( ! exp]im5t 7by secretly dr9k+ wat] & p\r+ away ! ur9e71 & by obta9+ special favors1 9 p>ticul> cig>ettes1 :i* 9 #aidd 7 h>d to get--& t n only 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,9 reg>d to ?is po9t ,i ref] to a docum5t 9 :i* ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,d5nig writes 7,beiglboeck #bi1 ,beiglboeck ,ex4 #ae73 8,:ile ! p are able = ! fir/ few days successfully to fight _! ?ir/ ) good grace1 _! /r5g? ( w is insuffici5t dur+ ! lat] /age2 !y devise extremely subtle means ( obta9+ wat]1 e4 g41 ! case ( ,ju]g5s540 ,witness ,ern/ ,mettba* /ates 9 reg>d to ?is po9t :5 que/ion$ by ,dr4 ,/e9bau] 7,tr4 p #igbb73 8,,dr4 ,,/e9bau]3 ,! pr(essor =bade y\r br++ !m wat]4 ,did y nev]!less br+ !m wat]8 ,n[1 be hone/4 8,,witness ,,mettba*3 ,sev]al times ,i br\ght my relative1 ,mettba*1 wat] to dr9k4 8,q4 ,:]e did y give x to him8 8,a4 ,sometimes ,i smuggl$ x 9 to ! exp]im5tal /ation myself4 ,sometimes ,i /uck x ?r\gh ! fly scre5 on ! w9d[ :i* 0 a little bit loose40 ,lat] we %all speak 9 detail ab\t ! secret dr9k+ ( wat]4 ,at ?is po9t ,i j want to say 9 g5]al t e drop ( wat] :i* 0 consum$ 9 secret n only dim9i%$ ! sci5tific value ( ! exp]im5ts1 b is also ( greate/ significance f ! po9t ( view ( crim9al law1 because x decreas$ ! feel+ ( ?ir/4 ,z ,i said be=e1 ! treatm5t ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 0 a humane "o4 ,9 reg>d to ?is po9t comp>e ! /atem5t ( ,dr4 ,lesse 7,bieglboeck #ad1 ,bieglboeck ,ex4 #bj73 8,q4 ,:at 0 8 attitude to ! prison]s 9 g5]al8 8,a4 ,v humane & b5evol5t40 ,witness ,massion /ates 9 8 affidavit 7,beiglboeck #ca1 ,beiglboeck ,ex4 #ab73 8,dr4 ,beiglboeck treat$ ! prison]s z humanly z ord9>y pati5ts4 ,he 0 r\gh to !m only :5 !y obta9$ dr9k+ wat] contr>y to ord]s4 ,i "k def9itely t none ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 turn$ ov] to ! ,,ss = puni%m5t because ( any (f5ses40 ,witness ,pillwe9 /ates 9 8 affidavit 7,beiglboeck #cb1 ,beiglboeck ,ex4 #ba73 8,q4 ,h[ did ,beiglboeck treat ! inmates8 8,a4 ,beiglboeck treat$ ! pati5ts well1 :i* 0 a /rik+ contra/ to ! treatm5t :i* we inmates receiv$ f ! ,,ss4 ,beiglboeck only became v angry :5 ! gypsies li$ to him reg>d+ ! dr9k+ ( wat]1 & :5 he f\nd out ab\t x f ! blood te/40 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,pros4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#ahd #acb ,lett] f ! ,te*nical ,(fice ( ! ,rei* #ddg ,m9i/] ( ,aviation 7,go]+7 to ,himml]'s (fice1 #ae ,may #aidd1 conc]n+ me?ods to r5d] sea-wat] potable4 ,,no-#agg #acc ,m9utes ( conf]5ce at ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( #ddh ,aviation1 #bj ,may #aidd1 conc]n+ me?ods = mak+ sea-wat] potable4 ,,no-#ahe #acd ,lett] f ,s*ro$] to ,himml] & ,grawitz1 #deb #g ,june #aidd1 reque/+ subjects = sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#ahc #acf ,teletype f ,rudolf ,br&t to ,grawitz1 #dec undat$1 conc]n+ exp]im5tal subjects4 ,,no-#ahb #acg ,lett] f ,siev]s to ,grawitz1 #bd ,july #aidd1 #ded conc]n+ exp]im5ts on ! potability ( sea-wat]4 ,def5se ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,def4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,beck]-,freys5g ,beck]-,freys5g ,affidavit ( ,dr4 ,ludwig #dee #db ,ex4 #bi ,h>riehaus51 #i ,janu>y #aidg1 reg>d+ use ( pati5ts 9 sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 ,te/imony ,extracts f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,k>l #def ,hoell5ra9] ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,beiglboeck #dfh ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5se exp]t witness ,dr4 ,franz #dgd ,vollh>dt ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#ahd ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #acb ,,lett] ,,f ,,! ,,te*nical ,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,rei* ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,aviation 7,,go]+7 ,,to ,,himml]',s ,,(fice1 #ae ,,may #aidd1 ,,conc]n+ ,,me?ods ,,to ,,r5d] ,,sea ,,wat] ,,potable ,/amp$ ,secret ,lett]head ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,aviation & ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,luftwaffe ,te*nical ,(fice ,ref4 ,nrs4 #ia;a1 #jjaf ,,gl_/,c-,e 7#ea,v7 ,no3 #bf #ggc secret 7,9 y\r answ] to ! above ref]5ce1 please give date & %ort summ>y47 ,b]l9 ,w #h1 #ae ,may #aidd ,leipzig] ,/rasse #g ,cable address3 ,rei*sluft ,b]l9 ,phones3 ,local3 #ebjjbd #bahbda #abjjdg ,long di/ance3 #bahjaa ,ext5sion3 #dcce ,re3 ,r5d]+ sea-wat] potable4 ,ref]5ce3 ,lett] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,no4 #ci_/d_/dd secret ( #ag ,janu>y #aidd4 ,to3 ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,police1 ,p]sonal ,/aff4 ,b]l9 ,) ref]5ce to ! int](fice conf]5ce betwe5 ,ob]/+5ieur ,*ri/5s5 & ,haup/urmfuehr] ,eng9e] ,dohle reg>d+ ! above-m5tion$ matt]1 x is ann\nc$ t two processes h be5 work$ out by ! (fice to r5d] sea-wat] potable3 #a4 ,! ,i4 ,g4 me?od1 us+ ma9ly silv] nitrate4 ,= ?is process q a l>ge plant ne$s to be set up1 :i* w\ld require ab\t #bjj tons ( iron & co/ ab\t #bej1jjj ,,rm4 ,! am\nt ( ! product ne$$ by ! ,luftwaffe & ,navy requires #b4e to #c tons ( pure silv] a mon?4 ,besides1 ! wat] :i* is r5d]$ potable by ?is prep>ation has to be suck$ ?r\gh a filt] 9 ord] to avoid absorption ( precipitat$ *emicals4 ,^! facts make ! application ( ?is process practically impossible4 #b4 ,! second process :i* 0 work$ out is ! s-call$ ,b]ka me?od4 ,accord+ to ?is me?od1 ! salts pres5t 9 ! sea-wat] are n precipitat$1 b are s treat$ t !y are n disagreeable to ! ta/e4 ,!y pass ?r\gh ! body )\t ov]saturat+ x ) salts & )\t caus+ an undue ?ir/4 ,no special plants are necess>y = produc+ prep>ations ne$$ = ?is process2 nor d ! prep>ations !mselves consi/ ( sc>ce mat]ials4 ,x c be presum$ t ?is me?od w be introduc$ 9 ! ,luftwaffe & ! navy 9 a %ort "t4 ,n[ t ,g]man te*nical sci5ce has actually succe$$ 9 r5d]+ sea-wat] potable = p 9 di/ress at sea1 9 accordance ) ! above1 ! k z to h[ =eign c\ntries int5d to solve ?is problem is no long] ( prime importance4 ,naturally ! (fice is v mu* int]e/$ 9 asc]ta9+ h[1 above all1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has solv$ ?is problem1 & x is reque/$ t ?is in=mation be s\ght1 )\t1 h[ev]1 compromis+ any p]son or any (fice too mu*4 ,%\ld ! (fice !re be int]e/$ 9 ! ,b]ka me?od1 let u "k4 ,samples c !n be deliv]$4 ,! cube disp5s$ is n a prep>ation to r5d] sea-wat] potable1 b a milk cube su* z is already famili> to ! (fices4 ,signature illegible ,enclosure3 ,notation3 bo? cross$ out #a ,milk cube ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#agg ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #acc ,,m9utes ,,( ,,conf]5ce ,,at ,,! ,,rei* ,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,aviation1 #bj ,,may #aidd1 ,,conc]n+ ,,me?ods ,,= ,,mak+ ,,sea ,,wat] ,,potable ,p]sonal ,/aff ,,rf-,,ss4 ,fil+ ,dep>tm5t1 ,file ,no4_/#bbj_/e ,te*nical ,(fice ,,gl_/,c-,e #e ,,iv ,no4 #bfhfj_/dd secret ,b]l91 #bc ,may #aidd ,h&writt5 ,w #bi4f ,h&writt53 ,j receiv$ = read+ giv5 to ,,rf ,himml] ,signature ,r4 ,br4 ,rudolf ,br&t ,rei*s>zt ,,ss #d_/;,july ,m9utes ( ! conf]5ce on #bj ,may #aidd re me?ods = mak+ sea-wat] dr9kable ,pres5t3 99 99 99 99 99 #aj4 ,ob]/+5ieur ,*ri/5s5 ,g]man ,air ,m9i/ry-- ,,gl_/,c-,e #e ,,iv #abjjdg_/bh #aa4 ,/abs+5ieur ,dr4 ,s*ickl] dto4 #abjjdg_/dcce #ab4 ,/abs+5ieur ,b]ka ,e-,tra ,vi5na ,b #bceff #ac4 ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,beck]-,freys5g ,*ief ,m$ical #bghcac ,s]vice #ad4 ,unt]>zt ,dr4 ,s*aef] ,luftwaffe ,m$ical ,rese>* #bg #hc #ac ,in/itute ,i4 ,on #ai ,may #aidd a prelim9>y discussion 0 held at ! ,rei* ,air ,m9i/ry--,,gl_/,c-,e #e ,,iv4 ,pres5t 7 ! foll[+ p]sons3 ,,gl_/,c-,e #e ,,iv ,ob]/+4 ,*ri/5s5 dto4 ,/abs+4 ,dr4 ,s*ickl] ,e-,tra4 ,/abs+4 ,b]ka ,l4 ,94 #ad ,major ,jeworrek ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,beck]-,freys5g ,(fice dto4 ,unt]>zt ,dr4 ,s*aef] ,h]r ,pahl4 ,at ?is meet+ ,capta9 7m$47 ,dr4 ,beck]-,freys5g report$ on ! cl9ical exp]im5ts conduct$ by ,colonel 7m$47 ,dr4 von ,sirany & came to ! f9al conclusion t he did n consid] !m z be+ unobjectionable & conclusive en\gh = a f9al decision4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice is conv9c$ t1 if ! ,b]ka me?od is us$1 damage to heal? has to be expect$ n lat] ?an #f days aft] tak+ ,b]katit1 :i* damage w result 9 p]man5t injuries to heal? &--accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,n4 ,c4 ,o4 7m$47 ,dr4 ,s*aef]--w f9ally result 9 dea? aft] n lat] ?an #ab days4 ,ext]nal symptoms are to be expect$ su* z dra9age1 di>rhea1 convulsions1 halluc9ations1 & f9ally dea?4 ,z a result ( ! prelim9>y discussion x 0 agre$ to arrange a new s]ies ( exp]im5ts ( %ort duration4 ,a commission 0 to be set up = ! arrangem5t ( ^! s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,?is commission %\ld be set up toge!r ) ! ,high ,comm& ( ! ,navy at ! conf]5ce on #bj ,may #aidd4 ,! s]ies ( exp]im5ts %\ld include ! foll[+3 #a4 a4 ,p]sons to be giv5 sea-wat] process$ ) ,b]ka me?od4 b4 ,p]sons to be giv5 ord9>y dr9k+ ,%or?& notation3 wat]4 ,"o copy to be submitt$ to ! m9i/ry4 c4 ,p]sons )\t any dr9k+ wat] at all4 d4 ,p]sons giv5 wat] treat$ accord+ to ! pres5t me?od4 7#j4g lit]s ( dr9k+ wat] = #d p]sons & #d days47 ,= ! duration ( ! exp]im5ts all p]sons w receive only an em]g5cy sea diet su* z is provid$ = p]sons 9 di/ress at sea4 ,duration ( exp]im5ts3 ,maximum #f days ,9 addition to ^! exp]im5ts a fur!r exp]im5t %\ld be conduct$ z foll[s3 #b4 ,p]sons n\ri%$ ) sea-wat] & ,b]katit1 & z diet also ! em]g5cy sea rations4 ,duration ( exp]im5ts3 #ab days ,s9ce 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice p]man5t injuries to heal?--t is1 ! dea? ( ! exp]im5tal subjects--h to be expect$1 z exp]im5tal subjects su* p]sons %\ld be us$ z w be put at ! disposal by ! ,rei*sfuehr] ,,ss4 ,h]r ,pahl reports t due to ! late/ improvem5ts 9 ! ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b5 me?od1 small] quantities ( iron are ne$$ = ! con/ruction ( ! manufactur+ equipm5t ?an 7 orig9ally provid$ = & e/imat$ by ,i4 ,g4 ,h]r ,pahl reports fur!r t if ! ,w(atit equipm5t :i* has to be con/ruct$ c\ld n be us$ lat] = ! manufactur+ ( ! sea-wat] prep>ation ano!r use w\ld be q possible4 ,z to ! silv] problem ,,gl_/,c-,e #e ,,iv w *eck :e!r ! necess>y quantities ( silv] are available4 ,) ,,gl_/,c-,b #e x is to be det]m9$ :e!r ! same quantities ( ! prep>ations w be requir$ z h]et(ore4 ,,ii4 ,at ! ma9 conf]5ce on #bj ,may #aidd1 ,/abs+5ieur ,dr4 ,s*ickl] w report on "w done s9ce ! la/ conf]5ce1 especially re ! results ( ! prelim9>y discussion describ$ 9 "p ,i4 ,! navy emphasizes t x is consid]$ to be ( great importance to obta9 a me?od :i* "u ! giv5 conditions c\ld be introduc$ at once )\t undue delay4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! navy ! results obta9$ at ! cl9ical exp]im5ts are suffici5t1 s9ce !y are ma9ly int]e/$ 9 be+ able to n\ri% _! m5 #c to #e days ) ! prep>ation4 ,a long] n\ri%+ p]iod up to #ab days w\ld probably only be necess>y 9 v few cases4 ,b 9 spite ( ?is ! ,high ,comm& ( ! ,navy agrees t ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 z propos$ by ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice 9 p>agraph #a1 %\ld /ill be c>ri$ out4 ,^! s]ies ( exp]im5ts %\ld be f9i%$ & report$ on n lat] ?an ! end ( ,june4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod all prep>ations are to be made = ! comm5cem5t ( production accord+ to ! ,b]ka me?od at a date n lat] ?an ,july #a/ #aidd1 & also1 if ! ,i4 ,g4 me?od %\ld be introduc$1 = ! />t ( ! con/ruction ( ! necess>y manufactur+ equipm5t by ! ,i4 ,g4 ,! commission :i* has to det]m9e ! conditions = ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts /ill to be conduct$ is compos$ z foll[s3 ,pr(essor ,epp+]1 ,vi5na1 ,repres5tative ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,air ,=ce ,repres5tative ( ! ,g]man ,air ,m9i/ry ,,gl_/,c ,repres5tative ( ! ,high ,comm& ( ! ,navy ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,beck]-,freys5g is be+ contemplat$ z repres5tative ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice4 ,/abs+5ieur ,dr4 ,s*ickl] & ,/abs+5ieur ,b]ka z repres5tatives ( ,,gl2 & ,pr(essor ,orzi*[ski z repres5tative ( ! ,high ,comm& ( ! ,navy4 ,x 0 decid$ t ,b]l91 ,rei* ,air ,m9i/ry ,,gl_/,c-,e #e ,,iv %\ld be ! meet+ place ( ! commission4 7,! orig9ally propos$ meet+ place 0 *ang$ f ,muni* to ,b]l9 aft] a telephone call f ,dr4 ,beck]-,freys5g72 & t ! meet+ %\ld be on #be ,may #aidd at #aj3jj a4 m4 ,x 0 decid$ t ,da*au 0 to be ! place :]e ! exp]im5ts %\ld be conduct$4 ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,beck]-,freys5g w\ld invite ,pr(essor ,epp+] & w\ld get 9 t\* ) ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,! ,high ,comm& ( ! ,navy w\ld invite ,pr(essor ,orzi*[ski4 ,di/ribution3 ,high ,comm& ( ! ,navy--,m$ical ,dep>tm5t ,high ,comm& ( ! ,navy1 ,dep>tm5t = ,rese>*1 ,inv5tions & ,pat5ts ,rese>* ,op]ation ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry = ,aviation & ,high ,comm& ( ! ,luftwaffe ,= in=mation (3 ,m$ical ,exp]im5tation & ,in/ruction ,division ( ! ,air ,=ce ,juet]bog ,e-,(fice ,re*l9 7,e m$7 ,in/itute = ,aviation ,m$ic9e1 ,d4 ,v4 ,l41 ,b]l9-,adl]%( ,l4 ,94 #ad4 #a4 ,abt4 #b ,abt41 ,gruppe #c1 ,,ktb ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,te*nical ,academy1 ,vi5na ,signature ,c4 ,,*ri/5s5 ,h&writt5 ,a-- ,,r%a4 ,?r\gh asocial gypsies ,,g]habdt4 ,/amp ,p]sonal ,/aff ,,rfss--enclosures receiv$ on3 #ab ,june #aidd ,j\rnal ,no4 #ci_/d_/dd;g4 to3 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#ahe ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #acd ,,lett] ,,f ,,s*ro$] ,,to ,,himml] ,,& ,,grawitz1 #g ,,june #aidd1 ,,reque/+ ,,subjects ,,= ,,sea-,,wat] ,,exp]im5ts h&writt5 ,top ,secret ,*ief ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe ,file3 #ee ,nr4 #eaj_/dd top secret 7#b;,f74 ,saal[1 #g ,june #aidd ueb] ,zoss5_/,l& #b ,copies--#a/ copy ,to ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior & ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ?r\gh ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police ,b]l9 ,w1 ,knesebeck/r4 #ea ,highly respect$ ,rei* ,m9i/]6 ,e>li] already y made x possible = ! ,luftwaffe to settle urg5t m$ical matt]s ?r\gh exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,today aga9 ,i /& be=e a decision :i*1 aft] num]\s exp]im5ts on animals z well z human exp]im5ts on volunt>y exp]im5tal subjects1 dem&s a f9al solution4 ,! ,luftwaffe has simultane\sly develop$ two me?ods = mak+ sea-wat] potable4 ,! "o me?od1 develop$ by a m$ical (fic]1 removes ! salt f ! sea-wat] & trans=ms x into real dr9k+ wat]2 ! second me?od1 sugge/$ by an eng9e]1 leaves ! salt cont5t un*ang$1 & only removes ! unpleasant ta/e f ! sea-wat]4 ,! latt] me?od1 9 contra/ to ! fir/1 requires no critical raw mat]ial4 ,f ! m$ical po9t ( view ?is me?od mu/ be view$ critically1 z ! adm9i/ration ( conc5trat$ salt solutions c produce sev]e symptoms ( poison+4 ,z ! exp]im5ts on human be+s c\ld ?us f> only be c>ri$ out = a p]iod ( #d days1 & z practical dem&s require a rem$y = ^? :o are 9 di/ress at sea up to #ab days1 appropriate exp]im5ts are necess>y4 ,requir$ are #dj heal?y te/ subjects1 :o mu/ be available = #d :ole weeks4 ,z x is kn[n f previ\s exp]im5ts t necess>y laboratories exi/ 9 ! conc5tration camp ,da*au1 ?is camp w\ld be v suitable4 ,direction ( ! exp]im5ts is to be tak5 ov] by ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,beiglboeck1 civilian2 ,*ief ,physician ( ! ,m$ical ,univ]sity ,cl9ic 9 ,vi5na1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,epp+]4 ,aft] receipt ( y\r basic approval1 ,i %all li/ by "n ! o!r physicians :o are to p>ticipate1 9 ! exp]im5ts4 ,due to ! enorm\s importance :i* a solution ( ?is problem has = %ipwreck$ m5 ( ! ,luftwaffe & navy1 ,i w\ld be greatly oblig$ to y1 my de> ,rei* ,m9i/]1 if y w\ld decide to comply ) my reque/4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,signature ,,s*ro$] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#ahc ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #acf ,,teletype ,,f ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,,to ,,grawitz1 ,,undat$1 ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5tal ,,subjects /amp ,top ,secret ,teletype3 ,to ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,dr4 ,grawitz1 ,b]l9 ,subject3 ,exp]im5ts by ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,ref]5ce3 ,y\r lett] ( #bh ,june #aidd--;,j\rnal ,numb] #ac_/dd secret ,ob]grupp5fuehr]6 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss has decid$ t 9 accordance ) ! sugge/ion ( ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,nebe1 gypsies %\ld be us$ = ! exp]im5ts4 ,9 addition1 ?ree o!r prison]s w be made available4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,br&t ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#ahb ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #acg ,,lett] ,,f ,,siev]s ,,to ,,grawitz1 #bd ,,july #aidd1 ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,! ,,potability ,,( ,,sea ,,wat] ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,p]sonal ,/aff 8,(fice-,a0 7#ac;a7 ,wais*5feld_/,(r4 ,no4 #ace1 ,tel4 ,no4 #b #bd ,july #aidd ,secret ,,ss ,/&>dt5fuehr] ,m9i/]ialrat ,dr4 ,br&t1 = ,in=mation4 ,to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police ,dr4 ,grawitz ,b]l9 ,w #ae1 ,knesbeck/r4 #ea ,h&writt5 rem>k ,gbl #bi4g ,subject3 ,exp]im5ts on ! potability ( sea-wat]4 ,ref]3 ,y\r lett] ( #aa ,july #aidd1 ,j\rnal ,no4 #ac_/,,ss top secret ,de> ,ob]grupp5fuehr]6 ,i want to in=m y ab\t my talks ) ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ploetn] & ,*ief ,physician ,beiglboeck 9 ,da*au on #bj ,july4 ,!re w be employ$3 #a p]son 9 *>ge1 #c m$ical *emi/s1 #a female assi/ant1 #c ranks = sup]vision4 ,prospective "t3 #c weeks4 ,9 our rese>* /ation only ! #dj exp]im5tal p]sons c be accommodat$1 o!rwise !re is absolutely insuffici5t room s9ce ! ,ploetn] section is fully occupi$ & "w _c be int]rupt$4 ,our laboratory is insuffici5tly equipp$1 s9ce "s ess5tial equipm5t is want+4 ,9 spite ( s]i\s difficulties1 ! foll[+ agreem5t 0 arriv$ at3 #a4 ,9 ! ,ploetn] section a desk w be res]v$ 79 ! laboratory74 #b4 ,! rema9+ rooms w be plac$ at our disposal 9 our ,entomological ,in/itute = a p]iod ( #c weeks4 ,equipm5t ne$$ mu/ be provid$ by ! ,luftwaffe4 ,?us x w be assur$ t ! female assi/ants c "w 9 ,da*au too1 because ! ,entomological ,in/itute is locat$ outside ! conc5tration camp4 #c4 ,billet mu/ be arrang$ betwe5 ,*ief ,physician ,dr4 ,beiglboeck & ! comm&ant's (fice1 s9ce we h no billets at our disposal4 #d4 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ploetn] w give 8 assi/ance1 help1 & advice4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 n select$ = int]nal guidance1 because ?is is be+ done by ! ,luftwaffe physicians !mselves4 ,! exp]im5ts are to beg9 on ,july #bc if exp]im5tal p]sons are available by !n & ! camp comm&ant is 9 possession ( ! requir$ ord] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,dr4 ,beiglboeck himself want$ to get 9 t\* ) ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,fr[e91 ,adjutant ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss1 on ?is subject4 ,i hope t ?is arrangem5t may p]mit a successful conduct ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,:5 ! results are report$ at ! prop] "t1 please arrange to po9t out ! p>ticipation & assi/ance ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,) be/ reg>ds & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,signature ,,siev]s ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,beck]-,,freys5g ,,docum5t #db ,,beck]-,,freys5g ,,def5se ,,exhibit #bi ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,ludwig ,,h>riehaus51 #i ,,janu>y #aidg1 ,,reg>d+ ,,use ,,( ,,pati5ts ,,9 ,,sea-,,wat] ,,exp]im5ts 99 99 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,s*ro$]1 z my sup]ior1 (t5 visit$ ! hospitals 9 my *>ge1 especially ! ,luftwaffe hospital 9 ,brunswick ( :i* ,i _h be5 m$ical sup]9t5d5t s9ce #aidb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i recall v well t ,i 0 once ask$ :e!r x w\ld be possible to c>ry out control exp]im5ts ) sea-wat]1 made dr9kable by v>i\s me?ods1 on pati5ts suff]+ f m9or compla9ts & ! slightly w\nd$ 9 ! ,luftwaffe hospital 9 ,brunswick :i* 0 "u my sup]vision4 ,:e!r ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*ro$] or "o ( 8 repres5tatives put ?is "q to me1 & at :at exact "t1 ,i _c recall exactly4 ,x c\ld h be5 9 ,june #aidd4 ,i _h to refuse ! und]tak+ ( su* exp]im5ts1 z ,i _h /rict ord]s to s5d all pati5ts & w\nd$ :o c\ld be releas$ back to ! troops2 ?us ,i did n h at my disposal hospital inmates suitable = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,fur!rmore1 ! hospital 0 ov]cr[d$ at ?is "t & 01 !re=e1 n suitable = sci5tific exp]im5ts4 ,i c also recall cle>ly t1 at a lat] "t1 ,i aga9 spoke to ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*ro$] ab\t ?is matt]1 & t he express$ 8 regret on ?is occasion t ^! exp]im5ts c\ld n be c>ri$ out 9 ! ,luftwaffe hospital 9 ,brunswick :i* 0 "u my direction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,k>l ,,hoell5ra9]#ea ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,n[1 ,witness1 = :at reasons 7 y arre/$ by ! ,ge/apo on #bi ,may #aidd8 ,,witness ,,hoell5ra9]3 ,because ,i am a gypsy ( mix$ blood4 ,q4 ,& aft] y\r arre/ y 7 s5t to ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,h[ long did y rema9 9 ,aus*witz8 ,a4 ,ab\t #d weeks4 ,q4 ,& !n :]e 7 y plac$8 ,a4 ,i 0 s5t to ,bu*5wald4 ,q4 ,h[ long did y /ay 9 ,bu*5wald8 ,a4 ,i only /ay$ !re = a few days4 ,q4 ,& !n :at happ5$ to y8 ,a4 ,i 0 9 ,bu*5wald1 & sudd5ly our numb]s 7 call$4 ,=ty m5 7 call$ out1 includ+ me1 & we 7 told t we 7 go+ to ,da*au to "w4 ,z soon z we arriv$ at ,da*au we 7 put 9 a qu>ant9e block4 ,"o day an ,,ss man came & wrote d[n our numb]s1 & !n we 7 ,x-ray$4 ,aft]w>ds !y s5t u to ! surgical dep>tm5t ( a c]ta9 ,luftwaffe doctor4 ,i am afraid ,i c't rememb] ! physician's "n4 ,i "k t he 0 9 ! ,luftwaffe & t he 0 an ,au/rian4 ,he exam9$ all ( u1 & !n we 7 divid$ into gr\ps = a sea-wat] exp]im5t4 ,q4 ,j a mom5t1 ,witness4 ,i n[ want to ask y "s brief que/ions conc]n+ :at y h j told u4 ,y /ate t y w5t to ,da*au to "w4 ,did y consid] go+ to ,da*au to be good =tune8 ,a4 ,yes2 a fri5d ( m9e1 a gypsy1 _h already be5 to ,da*au1 & he told me t ! situation 0 mu* bett] & t we w\ld get bett] food4 ,b t 0 n ! case4 ,q4 ,well1 did y und]/& :at y 7 to d :5 y w5t to ,da*au1 :at type ( "w 0 x1 bomb disposal or removal8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,we w5t !re to "w4 ,q4 ,did y und]/& t y 7 go+ to ,da*au to volunte] = sea-wat] exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no1 nev]4 ,q4 ,n[1 ^u arrival 9 ,da*au y !n w5t to ! qu>ant9e block1 is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,y /ay$ !re = a day or two & 7 giv5 a physical exam9ation8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,did y also get an ,x-ray exam9ation8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,& !n y 7 transf]r$ to ! exp]im5tal block8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,& !re y met a pr(essor or a doctor8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,d y ?9k y w\ld be able to recognize t doctor if y saw him today8 ,a4 ,yes1 imm$iately4 ,i w\ld recognize him at once4 ,q4 ,w\ld y k9dly /& up f y\r witness *air1 take y\r e>phones (f1 & proce$ ov] to ! def5dants' dock1 & see if y c recognize ! pr(essor t y met at ,da*au8 7,witness leaves ! /&47 ,q4 ,walk "r ov]1 please4 7,witness attempts assault on ! def5dant ,beiglboeck47 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,! prosecution apologizes = ! conduct ( ! witness1 y\r ,honors4 ,due to ! mann] ( ?is exam9ation1 ! prosecution w h no fur!r que/ions1 y\r ,honors4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,! m>%al w keep ! witness gu>d$ be=e ! ,tribunal4 ,,dr4 ,,/e9bau] 7c\nsel = ! def5dant ,beiglboeck73 ,i h no que/ions to put to ! witness4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,w ! m>%al br+ ! witness be=e ! b> ( ?is ,c\rt8 ,w an int]pret] come up "h :o c translate to ! witness8 ,witness1 y 7 summon$ be=e ?is ,tribunal z a witness to give evid5ce4 ,,witness ,,hoell5ra9]3 ,yes4 ,q4 ,?is is a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,& by y\r conduct 9 attempt+ to assault ! def5dant ,beiglboeck 9 ! dock1 y h committ$ a contempt ( ?is ,c\rt4 ,a4 ,y\r ,honors1 please excuse my conduct4 ,i am v excit$4 ,q4 ,ask ! witness if he has any?+ else to say 9 ext5uation ( 8 conduct4 ,a4 ,y\r ,honors1 please excuse me4 ,i am s work$ up4 ,t man is a murd]]4 ,he has ru9$ my :ole life4 ,q4 ,y\r /atem5ts af=d no ext5uation ( y\r conduct4 ,y h committ$ a contempt 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,c\rt1 & x is ! judgm5t ( ?is ,tribunal t y be conf9$ 9 ! ,nu]nb]g prison = ! p]iod ( #ij days z puni%m5t = ! contempt :i* y h exhibit$ be=e ?is ,tribunal4 ,a4 ,w\ld ! ,tribunal please =give me4 ,i am m>ri$ & ,i h a small son4 ,?is man is a murd]]4 ,he gave me salt wat] & he p]=m$ a liv] puncture on me4 ,i am /ill "u m$ical treatm5t4 ,please d n s5d me to prison4 ,q4 ,t is no ext5uation4 ,! contempt be=e ?is ,c\rt mu/ be puni%$4 ,p mu/ und]/& t a c\rt is n to be treat$ 9 t mann]4 ,w ! m>%al call a gu>d & remove ! prison] to s]ve ! s5t5ce :i* ?is ,c\rt has inflict$ = contempt8 ,x is und]/ood t ! def5dant is n to be conf9$ at labor4 ,he is simply to be conf9$ 9 ! prison1 hav+ committ$ a contempt 9 op5 c\rt by attempt+ to assault "o ( ! def5dants 9 ! dock4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,at ?is "t1 y\r ,honor1 ! prosecution w reque/ a brief recess1 if y\r ,honors please4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,v well1 ! ,tribunal w be 9 recess = a mom5t4 7,a recess 0 tak547 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,m>%al3 ,! ,tribunal is aga9 9 session4 #a ,july #aidg4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,! prosecution wi%es to recall ! witness ,k>l ,hoell5ra9] to ! witness /&1 y\r ,honors4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,! m>%al w summon ! witness ,hoell5ra9]4 7,! witness ,k>l ,hoell5ra9] took ! /&47 ,,judge ,,sebr+3 ,y w raise y\r "r h& & be sworn4 ,i swe> by ,god1 ! ,almighty & ,omnisci5t1 t ,i w speak ! pure tru? & w )hold & add no?+4 7,witness repeat$ ! oa?47 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,c\nsel may proce$4 ,,direct ,,exam9ation ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,witness1 y\r "n aga9 is ,k>l ,hoell5ra9]8 ,,witness ,,hoell5ra9]3 ,yes4 ,q4 ,witness1 at ! close ( y\r te/imony ! o!r day1 y 7 proce$+ to tell ! ,tribunal ab\t y\r activities aft] y\r arrival at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 :5 did y arrive = ! fir/ "t at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,t 0 ab\t ! middle ( ,july4 ,q4 ,& !n y /ay$ at ! camp hospital = a p]iod ( #a or #b days8 ,a4 ,9 ,aus*witz8 ,q4 ,no1 9 ,da*au1 aft] y\r arrival8 ,a4 ,yes1 yes1 9 ,da*au4 ,q4 ,& !n y 7 exam9$ physically & also ,x-ray$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,aft] y _h be5 physically exam9$ & ,x-ray$1 :at happ5$ to y8 ,a4 ,!n1 we came into ! s-call$ surgical dep>tm5t4 ,we 7 #dj m54 ,!n a ,luftwaffe doctor came & exam9$ u4 ,we _h to take our clo!s (f & /& 9 l9e4 ,!n he said1 8,well1 y w be giv5 good food1 su* z y h nev] _h1 & !n y won't get any?+ to eat at all1 & y w h to dr9k sea-wat]40 ,"o ( ! prison]s ^: "n 0 ,rudi ,taubmann jump$ up & refus$4 ,he 0 9 an exp]im5t1 a cold-wat] exp]im5t1 & he didn't want to be 9 any m exp]im5ts4 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe said1 8,if y are n quiet1 & want to rebel1 ,i w %oot y on ! spot40 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe always _h a pi/ol1 & !n we 7 all quiet4 ,= ab\t "o week we got cookies1 rusks1 & br[n sug>4 ,!re 7 ab\t #ba little cookies1 & ?ree or f\r little pieces ( dextrose4 ,o!rwise1 we got no?+4 ,! #h days-- ,q4 ,j a mom5t4 ,did y at any "t volunte] = ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,7 y ask$ :e!r or n y wi%$ to volunte] = ! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,7 any ( ! o!r inmates ask$ if !y w\ld l to volunte]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,0 ! "y ,mettba* a volunte]1 ! y\nge/ ,mettba*8 ,a4 ,i "k only "o ,ern/ ,mettba* f ,fu]?1 b ,i don't "k :e!r he volunte]$4 ,q4 ,0 ,ern/ ,mettba* 9 ! exp]im5ts ?r\gh\t2 t is1 did he complete ! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no1 he 0 only !re a %ort "t1 #b or #c days maybe4 ,!n1 ! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe put him out1 & :]e he w5t ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,n[1 did ! pr(essor ask anyone = 8 approval be=e he 0 subject$ to ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,did ! pr(essor or any ( ! o!r ,luftwaffe physicians talk to ! inmates & advise !m z to ! haz>ds ( ! exp]im5t prior to ! comm5cem5t ( ! actual exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,n[1 w y1 9 detail1 tell ! ,tribunal j :at food ! exp]im5tal subjects receiv$ prior to ! exp]im5ts1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts1 & aft] ! exp]im5ts1 & 9 do+ s1 ,witness1 k9dly talk v sl[ly & di/9ctly s t ! int]pret]s w be able to translate y m effici5tly4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,at fir/ we got potatoes1 milk1 & !n we got ^! cookies & dextrose & rusks4 ,t la/$ ab\t #a week4 ,!n we got no?+ at all4 ,!n ! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe said1 8,n[1 y h to dr9k sea-wat] on an empty /oma*40 ,t la/$ ab\t #a or #b weeks4 ,?is ,rudi ,taubmann1 z ,i already said1 got excit$ & didn't want to p>ticipate2 & ! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe said1 8,if y get excit$ & mut9y1 ,i w %oot y10 & !n we 7 all quiet4 ,!n we began to dr9k sea-wat]4 ,i drank ! wor/ k9d1 t 0 yell[i%4 ,we drank two or ?ree times a day1 & !n 9 ! ev5+ we drank ! yell[ k9d4 ,!re 7 ?ree k9ds ( wat]1 :ite wat]1 & yell[ wat] two k9ds2 & ,i drank ! yell[ k9d4 ,aft] a few days ! p became rav+ mad2 !y foam$ at ! m\?4 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe came ) a cynical laugh & said1 8,n[ x is "t to make ! liv] punctures40 ,i rememb] "o v well4 ,q4 ,talk m sl[ly1 ,witness4 ,?ank y4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! fir/ r[ on ! left :5 y came 91 ! second b$1 t 0 ! fir/ "o4 ,he w5t crazy & b>k$ l a dog4 ,he foam$ at ! m\?4 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe took him d[n on a /ret*] ) a :ite %eet ov] him1 & !n he /uck a ne$le ab\t ?is long 7indicat+7 into 8 "r side1 & !re 0 a hypod]mic ne$le on x1 & x bl$1 & x 0 v pa9ful4 ,we 7 all quiet & excit$4 ,:5 t 0 ov]1 ! o!r inmates took _! turn4 ,! p 7 crazy f ?ir/ & hung]1 we 7 s hungry--b ! doctor _h no pity on u4 ,he 0 z cold z ice4 ,he didn't take any int]e/ 9 u4 ,!n1 "o gypsy--,i don't "k 8 "n any m--ate a little piece ( bread once1 or drank "s wat]2 ,i don't rememb] j :at he did4 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe got v angry & mad4 ,he took ! gypsy & ti$ him to a b$ po/ & seal$ 8 m\?4 ,q4 ,witness1 d y mean t he put adhesive tape ov] ?is gypsy's m\?8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,g ahead1 cont9ue4 ,a4 ,!n a gypsy1 he 0 ly+ on ! "r1 a big /rong1 husky fell[1 he refus$ to dr9k ! wat]4 ,he ask$ ! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe to let him g4 ,he said he c\ldn't /& ! wat]4 ,he 0 sick4 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe _h no pity1 & he said1 8,no1 y h to dr9k x40 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe told "o ( 8 assi/ants to g & get a sun4 ,naturally1 we didn't "k :at a sun 04 ,!n "o ( 8 assi/ants came ) a r$ tube ab\t ?is long 7indicat+7 & ?ru/ ?is tube fir/ into ! gypsy's m\? & !n into 8 /oma*4 ,q4 ,j a mom5t4 ,t tube 0 h[ long8 ,h[ long w\ld t be1 a half a met] long8 ,a4 ,ab\t ?is long 7indicat+74 ,q4 ,t w be ab\t a half a met]8 ,a4 ,yes1 ab\t a half a met]4 ,& !n ! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe took ?is r$ tube & put x 9 ! gypsy's m\? & into 8 /oma*4 ,& !n he pump$ wat] d[n ! tube4 ,! gypsy kneel$ 9 front ( him & besee*$ him = m]cy b t doctor _h none4 ,q4 ,witness1 dur+ ! exp]im5ts 0 y\r temp]ature tak58 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:o took y\r temp]atures8 ,a4 ,!re 7 two ,fr5*m51 "o tall ?9 & "o %ort blond "o2 & !y took ! temp]atures & ! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe took ! temp]atures1 too4 ,q4 ,:5 y say 8! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe0 y mean ! man y ref]r$ to z ! 8pr(essor40 ,! pr(essor & ! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe are ! same or are !y two diff]5t p8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,i see4 ,?ank y4 ,n[1 :o p]=m$ ! liv] punctures8 ,a4 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe c>ri$ out ! liv] punctures himself4 ,"s p 7 giv5 liv] punctures & at ! same "t a puncture 9 ! sp9al cord4 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe did t himself4 ,x 0 v pa9ful4 ,some?+ ran out at ! same "t at ! back4 ,x 0 wat] or some?+--,i don't "k :at x 04 ,q4 ,well1 did y receive a liv] puncture8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,did ! pr(essor tell y = :at reason he gave y t liv] puncture8 ,a4 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe came to me & said1 8,n[1 ,hoell5ra9]1 x's y\r turn40 ,i 0 ly+ on ! b$4 ,i 0 v weak f ?is wat] & f n hav+ any?+ to eat4 ,he said1 8,n[1 lie on y\r left side & take ! clo!s (f y\r "r side40 ,i held on to ! b$/ead on top ( me & ! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe sat d[n next to me & pu%$ a long ne$le into me4 ,x 0 v pa9ful4 ,i said1 8,doctor1 :at are y do+80 ,! doctor said1 8,i h to make a liv] puncture s t ! salt comes out ( y\r liv]40 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 c y tell u :e!r or n ! subjects us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts 7 gypsies ( purely ,g]man nationality or 7 !re "s ,poli% gypsies1 "s ,russian gypsies1 ,cze*oslovak gypsies1 & s =?8 ,a4 ,yes1 !re 7 ab\t sev5 or eight ,g]mans & ! re/ ( !m 7 all ,poles & ,cze*s1 ,cze* gypsies & ,poli% gypsies4 ,q4 ,7 any ( ! exp]im5tal subjects ev] tak5 out ( ! /ation room to ! y>d outside ! exp]im5tal b>racks8 ,a4 ,yes1 at ! end :5 ! exp]im5ts 7 all f9i%$2 & ?ree p 7 c>ri$ out ) :ite %eets ov] !m on a /ret*]4 ,!y 7 cov]$ ) %eets b ,i don't "k :e!r !y 7 dead or n4 ,b we1 my colleagues & ,i1 talk$ ab\t x4 ,we nev] saw ^! ?ree aga91 nei!r at "w nor any:]e 9 ! camp4 ,we (t5 talk$ ab\t x & wond]$ :]e !y 74 ,we nev] saw !m aga94 ,we ?\ght t !y 7 dead4 ,q4 ,d y "k :]e !y 7 tak58 ,a4 ,no1 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,well1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts 7 y weigh$ e day8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,we 7 weigh$1 too4 ,q4 ,0 t e day or e o!r day8 ,a4 ,i don't rememb] exactly4 ,q4 ,well1 n[1 aft] ! completion ( ! exp]im5ts 9 e>ly ,septemb] :at happ5$ to y8 ,a4 ,:5 we _h f9i%$ ! exp]im5ts8 ,q4 ,yes4 ,a4 ,i told y t already4 ,we 7 s5t to ! hospital & ! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe came & said we 7 to take our clo!s (f & we l9$ up & 7 divid$ into ?ree gr\ps4 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe said1 8,n[ y w be giv5 good food4 ,y h nev] _h su* good food40 ,we 7 giv5 potatoes1 dextrose1 cookies1 milk-- ,q4 ,j a m9ute1 ,witness4 ,i am ref]r+ to ! end ( ! exp]im5ts1 aft] ! exp]im5ts 7 all complet$4 ,c\ld y tell u :at date y\r exp]im5ts 7 complet$ & y 7 transf]r$ f ! exp]im5tal /ation8 ,a4 ,! exp]im5t la/$1 maybe1 #d or #e weeks altoge!r4 ,i don't "k ! date4 ,q4 ,well1 !n1 !y 7 complet$ 9 e>ly ,septemb]4 ,is t correct8 ,y arriv$-- ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 aft] ! exp]im5ts 7 complet$ did y !n return to ! camp prop] or to ! camp hospital8 ,a4 ,no1 to ! camp1 into ,block #bb4 ,we c\ldn't walk4 ,we all _h to support ea* o!r4 ,we 7 exhau/$4 ,i =got to tell y "o ?+4 ,be=e we began ! exp]im5ts & we _h ?is good food = ab\t "o week1 ! doctor took u out into ! c\rty>d ne> ! hospital4 ,! doctor f ! ,luftwaffe came4 ,he _h a little bottle 9 8 h& & we all _h to l9e up4 ,!re 0 "s liquid 9 ! bottle & he put a numb] on our *e/4 ,i _h numb] 8#bc40 ,x burn$ a lot4 ,!n we w5t back into ! block4 ,on e b$ !re 0 a numb]1 ! same numb] we _h on our *e/s4 ,"o man--b ,i don't rememb] :o x 0--"o ( ! inmates1 said3 8,t is :at !y call ! dea? numb]40 ,i 0 pretty sc>$ & ! inmates said1 8,yes1 t is ! dea? numb] s t ! doctor ( ! ,luftwaffe w "k "r away :o is dead40 ,we didn't want to g on ) ! exp]im5ts b :at *oice did we h8 ,we 7 j poor prison]s4 ,nobody bo!r$ ab\t u4 ,we _h to let !m d ) u :at !y want$4 ,we c\ldn't resi/4 ,i hav5't got ! p[] to relate ev]y?+ z x-- ,q4 ,all "r4 ,j a mom5t4 ,0 y\r b$ numb] 8#bc08 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,!n y 7 consid]$ to be exp]im5tal subject numb] #bc8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,7 y sick dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 aft] ! completion ( ! exp]im5ts 9 e>ly ,septemb] 7 y !n call$ 9 & weigh$ to det]m9e y\r weight ab\t #b weeks lat]8 ,a4 ,no1 n aft] #b weeks4 ,q4 ,7 y call$ 9 & weigh$ #a week aft] y _h complet$ ! exp]im5ts8 ,d y rememb]8 ,a4 ,i don't rememb]4 ,b we 7 weigh$4 ,q4 ,y 7 weigh$ e day dur+ ! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:at ,i want to "k is1 7 y weigh$ aft] ! completion ( ! exp]im5ts8 ,= in/ance1 y 7 weigh$ e day dur+ ! exp]im5ts2 !n ! exp]im5ts 7 complet$2 !n y 7 n weigh$ aga9 = a p]iod ( #a or #b weeks4 ,did y get weigh$ #a or #b weeks aft] ! completion ( ! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,:5 ! exp]im5t 0 all f9i%$8 ,no4 ,q4 ,well1 n[ aft] y left ! exp]im5tal block & w5t to ! camp h[ long 0 x be=e y 7 able to resume "w8 ,a4 ,a few days4 ,!n we 7 s5t 9 a deta*m5t to a f>m 9 ,feldmo*+54 ,we _h to "w h>d & ! food 0 bett] ?an 9 ! camp b1 y "k1 if y are a prison]1 :at did ! f>m]s give y8 ,a little bread1 "s s\p--b1 9 any case x 0 bett] ?an 9 ! camp2 & !n e ev5+ we came back to our block & !n we got ! regul> camp food4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,/e9bau]3 ,:5 y 7 exam9$ ! fir/ "t y said t y _h no previ\s convictions4 ,d y ma9ta9 ?is ass]tion8 ,,witness ,,hoell5ra9]3 ,no1 ,i h be5 convict$4 ,q4 ,!n :y did y lie8 ,a4 ,i did n lie4 ,i meant f ! exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,! "q 0 :e!r be=e y came to ! ,ge/apo y _h ev] be5 convict$ & puni%$ by ! police4 ,no?+ 0 m5tion$ ab\t exp]im5ts at t "t4 ,t's an excuse4 ,d y admit t y li$8 ,x's mu* bett] = y4 ,a4 ,no4 ,i did n lie4 ,q4 ,well1 y h be5 convict$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,= !ft8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,= fraud8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,= assault8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,= blackmail8 ,a4 ,:at d y mean by t8 ,q4 ,well1 co]cion4 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,= us+ a false "n8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i nev] us$ a false "n4 ,q4 ,y h to speak m sl[ly4 ,we w come back to t4 ,y 7 arre/$ !n = des]tion8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,y 7 prosecut$ = des]tion8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,y refus$ to obey y\r draft ord]8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,isn't t :y y 7 s5t to ! conc5tration camp8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i 0 s5t to ! conc5tration camp m]ely because ,i am a gypsy4 ,my bro!rs 7 9 ! w> & !y came back f ,russia & 7 s5t to ,sa*s5haus5 & 7 murd]$ !re1 because !re w]5't suppos$ to be any m gypsies 9 ! ,g]man ,army4 ,q4 ,:at k9d ( a badge did y we> 9 ! camp8 ,a4 ,a black "o4 ,q4 ,y & y\r wife1 too1 h /at$ t y p>ticipat$ 9 mal>ia1 phlegmon1 typhoid1 & sea-wat] exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no1 only ?is "o exp]im5t1 no mal>ia4 ,q4 ,d y admit t y li$ to ! "y doctor :o talk$ to y8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i didn't lie to ! doctor4 ,i j told him ! exact tru?4 ,my wife & ,i w]5't all[$ to m>ry4 ,my wife _h a *ild f me & x 0 cremat$ 9 ,birk5au4 ,my si/] 0 cremat$ & bo? h] *ildr54 ,q4 ,don't get excit$4 ,i ask$ y :e!r y told ! "y doctor t y 7 9 f\r diff]5t exp]im5ts4 ,all y h to say is yes or no4 ,a4 ,i told ! doctor ,i drank salt wat]4 ,q4 ,li/51 ,h]r ,hoell5ra9]1 don't be evasive z gypsies usually are4 ,give me a cle> answ] z a witness "u oa?4 ,did y tell ! doctor t y p>ticipat$ 9 o!r exp]im5ts1 yes or no8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i j drank salt wat]4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,y\r ,honor1 ! te/imony ( ?is doctor is n 9 evid5ce be=e ?is ,tribunal4 ,i don't und]/& :at ,dr4 ,/e9bau] is ref]r+ to4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,/e9bau]3 ,y said y 7 9 ,aus*witz8 ,,witness ,,hoell5ra9]3 ,yes4 ,q4 ,7 y 9 ! ,birk5au ext]m9ation camp8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,7 ! gypsies 9 a big camp !re8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,7 !re wom5 & *ildr5 !re8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,did y h a wife !re8 ,a4 ,yes1 my fiancee1 ,ida ,s*midt4 ,%e 0 gass$4 ,%e 0 burn$ to dea?4 ,i nev] saw h] aga94 ,q4 ,didn't y once beat y\r wife until ! blood spurt$ out on to ! wall8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,did y ev] beat h]8 ,a4 ,no4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,i ask$ y :e!r :at ,i h j read to y is true1 t y 7 divid$ up & y\r numb]s 7 call$ out1 etc48 ,a4 ,we w]5't ask$ at all4 ,=ty ( u 7 collect$ toge!r & we 7 s5t to ,da*au4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,i h to tell y t y\r c\ntryman--he is f ,fu]? too1 call$ ,mettba*--said t he talk$ to y & p>ticul>ly said t he want$ to g to ,da*au because x 0 ne>] ,fu]? ?an ,bu*5wald2 is t true8 ,a4 ,t might be4 ,i didn't m9d go+ to ,da*au ei!r because my bro!r liv$ 9 ,muni*4 ,q4 ,!n y did g volunt>ily8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i did n4 ,q4 ,h[ does x happ5 t ,laub+] said some?+ else8 ,laub+] said y 7 deceiv$1 t is :y y volunte]$8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i nev] volunte]$4 ,i c]ta9ly w\ldn't volunte] = ^! dea? exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,well1 y w5t to ,da*au8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,d y "k ! old ,h]zb]g8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,y don't rememb] ! gypsy f ,bratislava8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:o 0 ! olde/ gypsy8 ,a4 ,i don't rememb]4 ,q4 ,y 7 ) y\r comrades = weeks & don't "k _! names8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,x is possible t ,mettba* did n "k all ! names !n1 isn't x8 ,a4 ,h[ %\ld ,i "k8 ,i did n h "t to ask ev]ybody :at 8 "n 04 ,q4 ,:5 ! exp]im5ts 7 to beg91 did ! pr(essor expla9 ! purpose8 ,t x 0 = rescu+ p f %ipwrecks1 & t x 0 a sea-wat] exp]im5t8 ,a4 ,yes1 ( c\rse4 ,q4 ,did he expla9 t y w\ld be v ?ir/y8 ,a4 ,yes1 he did fir/4 ,q4 ,& t ?ir/ 0 v unpleasant8 ,a4 ,yes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,witness1 ! ?ir/ dri$ out ! m\?8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,h[ c y expla9 t ^! p foam$ at ! m\?8 ,a4 ,!y _h fits & foam$ at ! m\?1 !y _h fits ( rav+ madness4 ,q4 ,i am j ask+ y h[ !re c be foam on a m\? :i* is completely dri$ out8 ,a4 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,y don't "k4 ,!n "s became mad8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,y gypsies /ick toge!r1 don't y8 ,a4 ,yes1 ( c\rse4 ,q4 ,!n y mu/ be able to tell me :o became mad8 ,a4 ,i don't rememb]4 ,q4 ,y mu/ "k4 ,if a fri5d ( m9e--,i 0 a soldi] twice--& if a fri5d ( m9e _h gone mad !n ,i w\ld h notic$ x4 ,a4 ,x 0 a tall man :o 0 9 ! fir/ r[4 ,he 0 ! fir/ "o to />t4 ,he became rav+ mad & _h fits & ?ra%$ ar\nd ) 8 h&s & feet4 ,he 0 a tall slim gypsy4 ,q4 ,y said t y 7 weigh$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,isn't x possible t aft] ! exp]im5t1 :5 y receiv$ good food aga9 & pl5ty ( wat]1 y 7 re-weigh$8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,b !n !y _h a *>t %[+ :]e y 7 weigh$ e day8 ,a4 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,7 y weigh$ /&+ up or ly+ d[n8 ,a4 ,/&+ up4 ,q4 ,7 "s ( ! p weigh$ ly+ d[n8 ,a4 ,i don't rememb]4 ,q4 ,7 ! scales ones on :i* p c\ld be weigh$ ly+ d[n8 ,a4 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,:at did ^! scales look l8 ,a4 ,well1 !y 7 big scales4 ,y _h to /& on x4 ,!re 0 an indicator :i* %[$ ! weight4 ,q4 ,! man :o _h 8 m\? seal$1 did he h a tube 9 8 /oma* too8 ,a4 ,i don't rememb]4 ,q4 ,y\r liv] 0 punctur$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,d y h a sc>8 ,a4 ,a sc>8 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,don't y ev] look at y\r body8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,y want to see x8 ,q4 ,no4 ,i am j ask+ y if y h a sc>8 ,a4 ,y mean a little m>k8 ,q4 ,h y a little r\nd sc> !re8 ,a4 ,i did n look z c>efully z t4 ,q4 ,well1 d y ?9k y h "o or n8 ,a4 ,i don't "k4 ,i didn't bo!r ) ^! camp matt]s any m1 o!rwise ,i w\ld g crazy4 ,i don't want to he> any?+ m ab\t ! camp4 ,we suff]$ long en\gh4 ,q4 ,witness1 d y ?9k y are mad or m5tally ret>d$8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i don't ?9k ,i am mad4 ,i said1 ,i'd v soon g mad if ,i ?\ght ab\t ^! ?+s at ! camp4 ,q4 ,d y ?9k !re is some?+ wrong ) y m5tally8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,y say y are go+ crazy8 ,a4 ,well1 if ,i keep ?9k+ ( t camp4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,i object to ?is l9e ( que/ion+1 y\r ,honor4 ,,dr4 ,,/e9bau]3 ,well1 y\r liv] 0 punctur$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,d y "k :e!r y h a sc>1 yes or no8 ,a4 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,:at 0 ! nationality ( ! p 9 ! camp :o 7 exp]im5tal subjects8 ,a4 ,poles & ,cze*s4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,g]mans 7 !re8 ,a4 ,sev5 or eight1 :o spoke ,g]man4 ,q4 ,7 !re "s ,hung>ians & ,burg5la5d]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i don't "k4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,beiglboeck#eb ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,d y h any ability to write %or?&1 ,doctor8 ,,def5dant ,,beiglboeck3 ,yes1 ,i "k %or?&4 ,q4 ,are ^! y\r /5ographic notes on ! back ( ,docum5t ,c-#bc8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,w\ld y k9dly read ^? to ! ,tribunal--transcribe !m8 ,w\ld t be too difficult1 or w\ld y l to h me give y my transcription ( !m to aid y8 ,a4 ,x says3 8,! ?ir/ acquires =ms :i* are difficult to be>4 ,! pati5t is apa!tic40 ,q4 ,p>don me1 ,doctor4 ,x might be helpful if y us$ ?is transcription4 ,i h _h exp]ts transcribe ! notes2 & !n ! int]pret]s c foll[ u m readily4 ,i h ! ,engli% copies also = ! ,tribunal to foll[ y1 & if y h any discrepancy to po9t out ) transcription z set out 9 ! ,engli%-- ,,judge ,,sebr+3 ,are y (f]+ ?is1 ,mr4 ,h>dy8 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,t is a problem1 y\r ,honor4 ,i want to h him transcribe ! notes1 & :5 ! ,tribunal settles :o w (f] ?is docum5t into evid5ce1 ei!r ! def5se or prosecution1 at t "t1 if necess>y1 ,i w give ?is a docum5t numb]4 ,i ?9k we w h to wait to cl>ify t po9t lat]4 ,q4 ,w\ld y *eck t transcription1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,t is correct1 except 9 ! fir/ l9e x says-- ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,y h read y\r own /5ographic notes1 h y n8 ,,def5dant ,,beiglboeck3 ,yes1 & ,i h comp>$ !m ) ?is transcription4 ,q4 ,:at y %\ld n[ read is y\r own v]sion ( ^! %or?& notes z y say !y are correctly read4 ,y und]/& t8 ,y c read !m f t1 z y correct$ x4 ,y c read !m f %or?& direct or f ! typewritt5 transcription1 z y please4 ,read sl[ly1 too1 please4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,:ile he is read+ t1 y\r ,honor1 ,i sugge/ t he /op at ! correction he wi%es to make & we c correct our ,engli% copy & ! int]pret]s c correct ! ,g]man copy4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,he w call att5tion to ! corrections :i* y make4 ,,def5dant ,,beiglboeck3 8,! ?ir/ assumes =ms difficult to endure40 ,! second v]sion reads3 8already un5durable04 ,my notes d n read l t4 8,! ?ir/ assumes =ms difficult to endure4 ,! pati5t lies !re q motionless ) half-clos$ eyes4 ,! pati5t lies apa!tically4 ,he takes little notice ( 8 surr\nd+s4 ,he asks = wat] only :5 he awakes f 8 somnol5t condition4 8,! appe>ance is v bad & %[s signs ( a decl9e4 ,! g5]al condition gives no cause = al>m4 8,respiration some:at flatt]1 mod]ately frequ5t4 8,respirations #be p] m9ute4 8,! eyes are deeply holl[$01 x %\ld read 8deeply04 ,"h x says 8(t504 8,! turgor ( ! sk9 greatly r$uc$4 8,sk9 dry1 tongue completely dry1 :iti% coat+ 9 ! middle fairly free4 8,! muc\s membranes ( ! m\? & ! lips dry1 latt] cov]$ ) cru/s4 ,lungs %[ slight v dry bron*itis1 l[] bord] ,,vi-,,xi40 ,x is suppos$ to read 8,,xi04 ,orig9ally x said 8,,xii0 & app>5tly ,i correct$ x to read 8,,xi40 8,%>p5$ vesicul>01 ! ^w 8brea?+0 is omitt$ "h1 ( c\rse4 8,%>p5$ vesicul> brea?+0--t is a m$ical expression4 8,he>t beats v l[1 b>ely audible4 ,pulse weak4 ,fill$4 ,palpability ( ! pulse worse40 ,"h x says t ! pulse is 8felt0 & x %\ld be 8fill$04 ,! pulse is less full4 ,!n ?is :i* is describ$ "h z undeciph]able reads3 8,! cell walls are some:at ?ick5$40 ,"h ,i probably said 8m /rongly ?ick5$04 8,liv] #b-c f+]s bel[ /]nal m>g91 r s(t1 mod]ately s5sitive to pressure40 8,sple5 s(t0 is wrong4 ,x says3 8,sple5 reutoric1 enl>g$ 9 a r+ =m1 slightly enl>g$40 8,musculature hypotonic4 ,jo9ts c be ext5d$ excessively4 ,calves slightly s5sitive to pressure40 ,!n :at is describ$ "h z illegible reads3 8,indication ( horizontal welt =mation /rong welt v]tical =mation40 ,t ref]s to ! reaction ( ! muscle ^u knock+1 ! s-call$ ideo-muscul> welt4 ,q4 ,w\ld y k9dly />t t p>agraph aga9 & read x z x is writt58 ,a4 ,x reads "h3 8,musculature hypotonic4 ,jo9ts c be ext5d$ excessively4 ,calves slightly s5sitive to pressure4 ,indication ( horizontal welt =mations4 ,/rong v]tical welt =mations40 ,up to ?is po9t1 t is h[ x reads 9 ! text2 !n 9 ord] to expla9 x1 ,i add$ t we 7 conc]n$ ) ! s-call$ ideo-muscul> welt4 ,fur!r ! text cont9ues3 8,reflexes0 ) two little crosses1 t is1 !y react /rongly4 8,abdom9al reflexes01 also two little crosses4 8,romb]g0 z x says "h4 8,bab9ski negative04 8,left0--"h x says 8,leif0 8ph5om5on04 ,"h on ! left1 8ph5om5on ( ,be*]04 8,opp5heim negative04 8,rosselimo negative04 8,bulb\s reflex bad04 8,tonus ( ! bulb ( ! eye bad04 8,bulb\s reflex0 ) a little cross--t is positive4 ,int]ruption4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor ,beiglboeck1 look+ ov] ^! /5ographic notes 9 ! s5t5ce 9 ! fir/ p>agraph1 :i* w be ! ?ird s5t5ce1 :i* /ates3 8,he takes little notice ( 8 surr\nd+s01 has an erasure be5 made 9 ! /5ographic notes 9 t s5t5ce8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i c't see any4 ,q4 ,9 place ( ! ^w 8little0 :i* appe>s 9 ! pres5t text on ! back ( ,c-#bc1 0 !re orig9ally a symbol1 /5ographic symbol = ! ^w 8no0 & !n ! ^w 8no0 0 eras$ & replac$ by ! ^w 8little08 ,a4 ,i see "h t actually some?+ else _h be5 writt5 !re2 probably at ! "t ,i wrote ov] x4 ,i don't see any?+ eras$4 ,q4 ,n[1 9 ! s5t5ce 9 ! same p>agraph1 ! fir/ p>agraph1 ! f\r? s5t5ce :]e x /ates3 8,he asks = wat] only :5 he awakes f 8 somnol5t condition01 did ano!r ^w appe> 9 ! same place z ! "* = 8somnol5t condition08 ,did ano!r ^w appe> 9 ! same place z ! "* = 8somnol5t0 n[ appe>s1 & c y make out :e!r or n t o!r "* t has be5 eras$ 0 ! ^w 8semiconsci\s0 & has n[ be5 replac$ by 8somnol5t08 ,i ?9k ! orig9al "* c be well recogniz$ to read 8semiconsci\s04 ,a4 ,:at is legible "u "h says3 8,numb04 ,q4 ,aft] ! s5t5ce t ,i h j read3 8,he asks = wat]--0 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,i did n und]/& ! witness' explanation ( t la/ d\ble read+ ( ! %or?&4 ,:at 0 y\r explanation1 ,witness8 ,,def5dant ,,beiglboeck3 ,! ,g]man ^w 8b5omm501 numb4 ,q4 ,numb8 ,n unconsci\s8 ,a4 ,numb4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 9 ! s5t5ce3 8,he takes little notice ( 8 surr\nd+s01 is an erasure noticeable !re1 9 t ! ^w 8no0 has be5 replac$ by ! ^w 8little08 ,,def5dant ,,beiglboeck3 ,some?+ has be5 writt5 ov]4 ,q4 ,w y %[ t to ! ,tribunal1 please1 t "* t has be5 writt5 ov]8 ,w\ld y po9t t out to !m1 ,doctor8 ,po9t out ! "* 9 t s5t5ce3 8,he takes little notice ( 8 surr\nd+s01 & po9t t out1 ?is "* "h 7indicat+7 on ! second l9e ( *>act]s4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,"h x is1 y\r ,honor1 ! la/ "* on ! page4 ,q4 ,n[1 w\ld y %[ ! ,tribunal also :]e ! ^w 8semiconsci\s0 or 8numb0 appe>$ & t has also be5 writt5 ov]8 ,t is ! la/ "* on ! ?ird l9e4 ,a4 ,yes1 "h 7indicat+74 ,q4 ,n[1 aft] ! s5t5ce3 8,he asks = wat] only :5 he awakes f 8 somnol5t condition10 :i* is ! f\r? /5ographic l9e on ! back ( *>t ,c-#bc1 we notice t an entire l9e or half l9e has be5 eras$4 ,?is half l9e _h previ\sly conta9$ /5ographic symbols b !y are n[ no long] id5tifiable4 ,is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,some?+ has be5 eras$ "h4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,y\r ,honors c see ! r$ erasure t has be5 us$ to erase t half l9e ( *>act]s2 ! impression ( ! eras] is /ill obvi\s !re4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 9 ! s5t5ce 9 ! next p>agraph ( /5ographic notes1 ! second s5t5ce reads3 8,! g5]al condition gives no cause = al>m40 ,is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 ?r\gh\t y\r writ+ ( ^! *>act]s1 betwe5 ea* ^w y usually leave a space to indicate ano!r ^w1 d y n8 ,t is v cle> ?r\gh\t y\r transcription4 ,y h left spaces betwe5 ea* "* signify+ words4 ,is t correct8 ,a4 ,no4 ,x v>ies4 ,sometimes ! words are writt5 clos] toge!r1 q closely1 = example "h 7indicat+74 ,q4 ,well n[1 "h 9 ?is s5t5ce :]e x says1 8,! g5]al condition gives no cause = al>m01 ! ^w 8no0--t is1 ?is "* "h--does n h ! spaces betwe5 x t all ! o!r *>act]s on ! %eet h1 does x8 ,9 fact1 ! symbol = 8no0 t\*es ! previ\s symbol = 8g5]al condition01 leav+ no spac+4 ,did y add ! ^w 8no0 at a lat] date 9 a diff]5t p5cil8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i d t q frequ5tly4 ,:5 some?+ is writt5 above ! l9e 9 %or?& ,i raise ! adjo9+ sign z well4 ,q4 ,n[1 if y w turn to ! s5t5ce 9 ! ?ird p>agraph :i* reads3 8,respiration some:at flatt]1 mod]ately frequ5t04 ,! ^w 8is0 appe>$ in/ead ( 8some:at0 orig9ally1 did x n1 be=e an erasure 0 made8 ,didn't x read orig9ally 8,respiration is flatt]1 mod]ately frequ5t08 ,a4 ,x /ill says s3 8some:at frequ5t2 mod]ately frequ5t40 ,i wrote t twice4 ,q4 ,well1 n[1 h[ does t s5t5ce read8 ,a4 8,respiration some:at flatt]1 mod]ately frequ5t2 respiration #be p] m9ute40 ,q4 ,did ! ^w 8is01 ! "* = ! ^w 8is01 appe> 9 t s5t5ce be=e a *ange 0 made8 ,a4 ,:i* ^w8 ,q4 8,is0--8i-s04 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,c't y cle>ly see 9 t s5t5ce t ! ^w 8is0 has be5 eras$ & 9 its place ! ^w 8some:at0 has be5 writt51 ! "* 8some:at08 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,y c't see t4 ,did y look at x ?r\gh ! glass1 ,doctor8 ,a4 ,9 %or?& ,i write ! ^w 8is0-- ,q4 ,n[1 lat] 9 ?is same s5t5ce1 ,dr4 ,beiglboeck1 aft] ! ^w 8flatt]01 didn't ! ^w 8h>dly0 appe> orig9ally 9 place ( ! ^w 8mod]ately08 ,! ^w 8h>dly0 0 eras$ & replac$ by 8mod]ately0 & !n cross$ out twice4 ,a4 ,"h x said 8tr\blesome04 ,q4 ,x says1 8respiration flatt]04 ,x c\ld say 8h>dly frequ5t0 be=e ! *anges1 c\ldn't x8 ,a4 8,h>dly mod]ately0 x says "h4 ,t means3 8,h>dly mod]ately frequ5t04 ,q4 ,has ! "* be5 *ang$ at all8 ,a4 ,i said already orig9ally x read 8tr\blesome04 ,q4 ,h any erasures be5 made 9 t s5t5ce8 ,a4 ,x 0 writt5 ov]4 ,q4 ,& !n cross$ out8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:at ^w 0 writt5 ov]8 ,is t ^w !re t is writt5 ov]1 t is n[ legible1 ! ^w 8mod]ately0 or is t ! ^w 8h>dly08 ,a4 ,x didn't read 8h>dly04 ,x read3 8tr\blesome04 ,q4 ,well1 :i* "* said 8tr\blesome01 ! "o t is legible n[ or ! "o t has be5 writt5 ov]8 ,a4 ,x is legible2 x 0 8tr\blesome04 ,q4 ,well n[1 9 ! s5t5ce :i* />ts out 9 ! eigh? p>agraph ) ! words3 8,he>tbeats v l[1 poorly audible10 9 t s5t5ce has a "* be5 eras$ & ano!r "o writt5 ov]8 ,has ! "* 8sc>cely0 be5 eras$ & replac$ by 8poorly08 ,i believe ! m>ks ( ! orig9al symbol = 8sc>cely0 c /ill be cle>ly di/+ui%$1 c !y n8 ,a4 ,yes1 t is correct4 ,q4 ,:o made ^! *anges1 ,doctor8 ,did y make !m y\rself8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i did4 ,q4 ,:5 did y make !m8 ,a4 ,i am no long] able to tell y exactly :5 ,i made !m4 ,q4 ,did y make !m at ,da*au8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,did y make !m 9 ,nu]nb]g8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,did y erase ^! %or?& *>act]s t appe> on ! f\r? l9e "h 9 ,nu]nb]g8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i did t too4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,n[1 ,doctor1 y h _h ! opportunity to ?9k ov] dur+ ! c\rse ( la/ ev5+ y\r exam9ation ye/]day1 & y h told ?is ,tribunal t ^! /5ographic notes 7 alt]$ by y\rself "h 9 ,nu]nb]g2 are y prep>$ to tell ?is ,tribunal n[ j :y x became necess>y = y to alt] ^! /5ographic notes8 ,a4 ,i ask p]mission to be all[$ to make ! foll[+ explanation4 ,i *ang$ ^! notes be=e ^! %eets 7 h&$ 91 t is1 aft] !y _h be5 return$ f ,pr(essor ,vollh>dt4 ,i only made "s *anges 9 ^! /5ographic notes1 & !n ,i told my def5se c\nsel1 :om ,i _h n in=m$ ab\t ?is--?is ,i want to emphasize--,i said to him we %\ld )draw ! weight *>t1 because ,i 0 imm$iately sorry t ,i _h *ang$ some?+4 ,i orig9ally int5d$ to submit ! weight *>ts ( ^! p]sons1 because ,i believe f ! *ang$ weights alone "o c see on ! :ole h[ ?is exp]im5t develop$4 ,& !n1 :5 ,i _h committ$ ?is ?\ghtless action1 my consci5ce imm$iately bo!r$ me1 & ,i told my def5se c\nsel t ,i %\ld n submit x4 ,b ,i want to /ate t ,i did n make any *anges 9 ! re/ ( ! report on ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts2 t 9 ! ur9e am\nts1 z well z 9 ! temp]atures1 & especially 9 ! case ( ! weights1 !y are def9itely ! orig9al values1 z also 9 ! case ( ! blood pressure4 ,s 9 :at y see "h1 on ! front pages ( ! *>t1 no?+ has be5 *ang$ s9ce ^! *>ts arriv$ "h4 ,q4 ,c\ld y tell u j :at 0 y\r reason = *ang+ "s ( ! /5ographic notes8 ,a4 ,because a p]son :o does n "k ! condition ( ?ir/ w\ld receive a /rong] impression ( ! condition f ! description z x 0 "h ?an ! actual condition really 04 ,q4 ,d y h any?+ fur!r to say ab\t ^? alt]ations1 ,doctor8 ,y may at ?is "t expla9 to ! ,tribunal any?+ else 9 connection ) ^? alt]ations if y wi%4 ,a4 ,well1 ,i want to /ate aga9 t ,i am v sorry t ,i did x4 ,z ,i said1 ,i only int5d$ to submit ! *>ts to %[ ! weights1 & n because ( ! o!r results ( ! m$ical exam9ations1 because ,i am ( ! op9ion t f ! weight *>ts "o c def9itely recognize1 fir/1 h[ mu* weight ! exp]im5tal subject lo/2 secondly1 !y reveal unequivocally on :i* days wat] 0 drunk2 ?irdly1 !y reveal cle>ly t imm$iately aft] ! conclusion ( ! exp]im5t !re 0 a ga9 9 weight 9 ! case ( all ! exp]im5tal subjects2 &1 f\r?ly1 "o sees t :5 ! p]sons 7 dis*>g$ 9 mo/ cases !y _h aga9 rea*$ _! orig9al weight4 ,,judge ,,sebr+3 ,well1 ,doctor1 h[ d y expla9 ! fact t names h be5 eras$ f _m ( ^! *>ts8 ,,def5dant ,,beiglboeck3 ,?is eras+ ( names mu/ h be5 done be=e4 ,i did n d t "h4 ,i did n *ange any?+ on ! front pages ( ^! *>ts4 ,x is possible t ?is already happ5$ 9 ,da*au4 ,i c't tell y t4 ,x is possible t ,i eras$ !m lat] on 9 ,t>vis4 ,i did n erase !m "h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5se ,,exp]t ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,franz ,,vollh>dt#ec ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,m>x3 ,please1 w\ld y briefly tell ! ,tribunal :at y\r sci5tific activities h be5 & 9 :at special field y h tak5 a p>ticul>ly great int]e/1 & s9ce :58 ,,witness ,,vollh>dt3 ,i am ,pr(essor ( ,int]nal ,m$ic9e at ,frankfurt & pr$om9antly ,i h dealt ) ! que/ions ( circulation1 metabolism1 blood pressure1 & kidney diseases4 ,q4 ,:i* are ! ,g]man univ]sities :]e y h be5 a lectur]8 ,a4 ,halle & ,frankfurt4 ,q4 ,are y an au?or ( sci5tific works reg>d+ ?is special field ( activity8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,h !y be5 circulat$ & translat$ 9 =eign c\ntries & 9 =eign languages8 ,a4 ,yes1 !y h be5 translat$ into ,russian1 beh9d my back4 ,q4 ,consid]+ ! facts y h j /at$1 x w\ld be "r to say t y h _h honors allott$ to y 9 ?is c\ntry & abroad2 s w\ld y please tell ! ,tribunal :at types ( decoration y h receiv$ abroad8 ,a4 ,i really h to8 ,q4 ,:i* =eign academies & =eign societies h y be5 a memb] (8 ,pr(essor1 ,i really want y to answ] my que/ions because my que/ions pursue c]ta9 purposes4 ,a4 ,i am ,honor>y ,doctor ( ! ,sorbonne1 ,p>is1 ( ,goett+5 & ,freiburg2 &1 z f> z societies are conc]n$1 !re are a lot ( !m1 ,m$ical ,society at ,ed9burgh1 at ,g5eva1 at ,luxemb\rg4 ,i am an ,honor>y ,memb] ( ! ,univ]sity at ,santiago1 & s on & s =?4 ,q4 ,?ank y v mu*4 ,!n ,i w\ld be int]e/$ to he> f y :e!r y _h connections ) ! ,,nsdap & :at sort ( connections !y 7 & :e!r ! ,p>ty p]secut$ y 9 any way4 ,p]haps y might answ] ! la/ "q fir/4 ,a4 ,:5 ,i 0 lectur+ 9 ,spani% 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & :5 ,i 0 giv+ a lecture 9 ,cordoba1 ,arg5t9a1 be=e a m$ical congress1 ,i receiv$ a telegram to ! effect t ,i _h be5 reliev$ f my (fice & ! reason giv5 0 lack ( anti-,semitic attitude4 ,q4 ,:5 0 t8 ,a4 #aich4 ,q4 ,& s9ce :5 h y be5 re9/at$ & active aga98 ,a4 ,s9ce #aide4 ,q4 ,z a full pr(essor8 ,a4 ,yes1 z full pr(essor = int]nal m$ic9e at ! ,univ]sity ( ,frankfurt4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 a few que/ions reg>d+ y\r own rese>* "w4 ,y h dealt p>ticul>ly ) hung] & ?ir/ treatm5t 9 ! case ( kidney diseases4 ,is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,s t y h p]sonal m$ical & sci5tific exp]i5ce reg>d+ ! obs]vation ( human be+s :5 !y und]go hung] & ?ir/ treatm5t8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,,dr4 ,,m>x3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 be=e cont9u+ ) ! exam9ation ( ?is exp]t witness1 ,i %\ld l to p]mit myself to make a sugge/ion4 ,!re are two types ( possibilities = ! exam9ation ( ,pr(essor ,vollh>dt reg>d+ que/ions :i* int]e/ u "h4 ,"o possibility1 ! "o :i* ,i myself consid] ! correct "o1 is t ,pr(essor ,vollh>dt %\ld give u a cont9u\s exp]t op9ion reg>d+ ! entire complex ( que/ions :i* are ( int]e/ "h1 & t at ! end ,i w\ld !n p]mit myself to put a few conclud+ que/ions to ! exp]t "h z1 ( c\rse1 any def5se c\nsel & prosecutor is entitl$ to d1 too4 ,! o!r possibility w\ld be t ,i put a numb] ( individual que/ions to ! exp]t :i* w\ld deal ) ! subject *ronologically & te*nically f a m$ical po9t ( view4 ,b1 t w\ld di/ort ! context & w\ld n give z cle> a picture ( ! situation z w\ld ! fir/ possibility4 ,i %\ld l !re=e1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 = y to make a decision :e!r ! exp]t is to give an op9ion 9 ! =m ( a lecture fir/4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,if c\nsel w\ld prop\nd to ! witness a hypo!tical "q cov]+ ! basic facts :i* "h are at issue1 & if ! witness w\ld answ] t hypo!tical "q )\t fur!r "q f c\nsel & make 8 response brief & to ! po9t1 & )\t enl>g+ too mu* ^u ! fact t salt wat] is n fit to dr9k & is injuri\s1 :i* ! ,tribunal v well kn[s1 we might proce$ z sugge/$ by c\nsel4 ,! hypo!tical "q %\ld cov] ! facts "h at issue1 t exp]im5ts 7 tri$ ^u a gr\p ( p1 a control gr\p1 a noncontrol gr\p1 & o!rs1 !n ! witness may answ] t "q )\t fur!r int]ruption by c\nsel if 8 answ] is1 z ,i said1 brief & n enl>g+ too mu* on g5]alities4 ,,dr4 ,,m>x3 ,v well1 ,mr4 ,presid5t4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 h y suffici5t insight into ! plann+ & c>ry+ out ( ! s-call$ sea-wat] exp]im5ts to give an exp]t op9ion on t subject8 ,,witness ,,vollh>dt3 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:at docum5t>y evid5ce did y h8 ,a4 ,i _h ! orig9al records prep>$ by ,beiglboeck4 ,q4 ,i %all fir/ ( all deal ) ! "* & type ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,are !re diff]5ces betwe5 ! "* ( ^! sea-wat] exp]im5ts & exp]im5ts ) artificial infection ) mal>ia & *ol]a & if !re are diff]5ces1 :at are !y8 ,a4 ,y c't comp>e ! two at all1 because 9 ! case ( ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts y h ?+s s p]fectly "u control & c int]rupt s in/antane\sly1 & because ! exp]im5ts take su* a %ort "t t ! dang] ( injury c\ld be exclud$ ) absolute c]ta9ty4 ,9 ! case ( artificial infection y _c d t4 ,q4 ,y are say+ t 9 ! case ( sea-wat] exp]im5ts1 provid+ !y are int]rupt$ 9 "t1 dang] to heal? & body c be avoid$ ) c]ta9ty or bord]+ on c]ta9ty4 ,a4 ,n ! latt]4 ,i said ) absolute c]ta9ty4 ,q4 ,i %all n[ come to ! plann+ ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,i suppose y "k ( ! meet+ ( #be ,may #aidd1 :i* 0 decisive = ! plann+ ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,did ! pres5ce ( ,pr(essors ,epp+] & ,heubn] gu>antee ! purely sci5tific & m$ically prop] treatm5t ( ! problem8 ,a4 ,und\bt$ly x did4 ,pr(essor ,heubn] is a lead+ sci5ti/ & an extremely critical p]son1 & ,pr(essor ,epp+] 0 "o ( ! lead+ cl9icians 9 ! _w & a mo/ out/&+ exp]t1 & ,i assume bo? ( ^! g5tlem5 _h reasons = all[+ ^! exp]im5ts to be c>ri$ out1 presumably 9 ord] to /r5g!n ! m$ical m51 vis-a-vis1 ! te*nicians4 ,secondly1 ,epp+]'s idea app>5tly 0 t "u su* /r+5t exp]im5tal conditions1 ! kidney w\ld suff] to an unusual degree & t ,b]katit1 :i* conta9s vitam9s1 might assi/ ! "w ( ! kidney4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 :at is y\r op9ion ab\t ! individual exp]im5tal gr\ps8 ,a4 ,i ?9k t sci5tifically speak+ ! plann+ 0 excell5t & ,i h no objection to ! entire plan4 ,x 0 good to add a hung]-&-?ir/ gr\p because we "k by exp]i5ce t ?ir/ c be borne less well ?an hung]1 & if p are suff]+ f hung] & ?ir/ too1 !y d n suff] f hung]1 b d suff] f ?ir/2 & t resembles :at %ipwreck$ p]sons w\ld be subject$ to because !y only suff] f ?ir/4 ,x 0 excell5t t ,w(atit 0 to be introduc$ into ! exp]im5ts too1 al?\gh x 0 expect$ f ! beg9n+ t ?is wond]ful discov]y w\ld %[ its value4 ,x turn$ out t gr\ps giv5 sea-wat] treat$ accord+ to ! ,s*aef] me?od react$ simil>ly to a gr\p t 0 subject$ to a reasonable hung] treatm5t & did n suff] any great discom=t4 ,9 ! hung] treatm5t ( #ab1 or1 we %\ld say #h days1 because ! p /ill ate dur+ ! fir/ #d days1 t is a m9or affair1 & we c>ry t out innum]able times = m$ical reasons4 ,!re exi/s a sanit>ium :]e p are made to g )\t food = #d weeks1 & z long z !y get wat] 9 ! %ape ( fruit juice1 !y /ill c>ry on well & (t5 ) en?usiasm4 ,gr\p #b 0 ,s*aef]'s gr\p1 gr\ps #c & #d 7 ! gr\ps t receiv$ #ejj cc4 ( sea-wat]1 once )\t & once ) ,w(atit4 ,gr\p #c 0 ! "o :i* drank #a1jjj cc4 ( sea-wat]4 ,t "o c\ld only use volunte]s = ?is gr\p is an obvi\s fact1 s9ce ! coop]ation ( ! exp]im5tal subject is indisp5sable2 )\t 8 good w su* an exp]im5tal arrangem5t is impossible4 ,t suffici5t volunte]s c\ld be f\nd = a case 0 a matt] ( c\rse1 s9ce a p]iod ( #aj days ( excell5t food be=e & aft] ! exp]im5t 0 be=e !m1 & s9ce "o c\ld assure !m ) ! be/ ( confid5ce t !re w\ld n & c\ld n be any dang]4 ,q4 ,we w come to t1 ,pr(essor4 ,y h j />t$ to speak ab\t food1 n\ri%m5t4 ,:at is y\r op9ion ab\t ! food be=e1 dur+1 & aft] ! actual exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,well1 be=e ! exp]im5ts x 0 spl5did4 ,dur+ ! exp]im5ts x 0 meag]1 correspond+ to t ( %ipwreck$ p]sons & aft]w>ds q excell5t4 ,9 my op9ion dur+ su* brief exp]im5ts n\ri%m5t doesn't play any "p4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,may x please ! ,tribunal1 might ,i inquire :e!r ! witness is n[ te/ify+ to facts z he has asc]ta9$ !m f /udy+ graphs & *>ts made by ,pr(essor ,beiglboeck or is he te/ify+ f he>say t food 0 giv5 to ^! inmates1 or :at is ! basis ( 8 k t he is elicit+ "h8 ,a4 ,i 0 giv+ my te/imony bas$ on ! records :i* ,i h /udi$4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,?ank y4 ,a4 ,b ,i don't atta* any importance to ! meag] food s]v$ dur+ ! exp]im5ts because t is an insignificant po9t :i* z ,i h said we h allott$ to o!rs _m times4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,witness1 :5 y ref]r$ to ?is exam9ation ( ! records1 /ate briefly j :at records y exam9$4 ,a4 ,! orig9al records4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,m>x3 ,pr(essor1 h[ d y judge ! individual exam9ations c>ri$ out by ,pr(essor ,beiglboeck8 ,7 !y adequate = ! solution ( ! practical "q :e!r ,b]katit 0 suffici5tly useful & pref]able to ?ir/ treatm5t1 & 0 x suffici5t to judge ! daily condition ( ! exp]im5tal subjects s t ! "r "t to int]rupt ! exp]im5ts c\ld be asc]ta9$8 ,did y get my "q8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i got x4 ,i ?\ght t ! arrangem5t ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 spl5did f ! sci5tific po9t ( view1 & ,beiglboeck app>5tly devot$ himself ) trem5d\s indu/ry & great responsibility to c>ry+ out ( ^! exp]im5ts :i* he _h be5 ord]$ to d4 ,q4 ,w\ld x be "r to say t a p]sonality su* z ,beiglboeck1 z a pr(essor ( int]nal m$ic9e & *ief m$ical (fic] at a cl9ic = _m ye>s on ! basis ( daily exam9ations & ?r\gh 8 p]sonal consid]ation & exam9ation ( ! exp]im5tal subject1 w\ld be 9 a position to recognize any ?reat to ! heal? ( ! p]son be=e su* a ?reat c\ld actually become s]i\s8 ,a4 ,t 0 a matt] ( c\rse4 ,beiglboeck is an excell5t int]nal m$ical man & ! great c>e ) :i* he c>ri$ out ^! exp]im5ts %[s t he 0 fully consci\s ( 8 responsibility4 ,only1 x's h>d to imag9e t1 dur+ su* brief exp]im5ts1 s]i\s damage c\ld h occurr$ at all4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 a little e>li] y briefly dealt ) ! "q ( />v+1 ( hung] or ( ?ir/ = ! purpose ( treatm5t1 & ,i n[ want to ask y :e!r ! adm9i/ration ( hung] & ?ir/ cures ( sev]al days is a m$ically recogniz$ fact1 & also h[ long w\ld y consid] t hung] & ?ir/ ) complete refusal ( food & liquid c\ld take place )\t putt+ someone's heal? 9 jeop>dy8 ,a4 ,x dep5ds :o x is4 ,initially1 ,i recomm5d$ hung] & ?ir/ treatm5t 9 ! case ( acute inflammation ( ! kidneys1 b !re p h a great deal ( wat] 9 _! sy/em & ! wat] is absorb$ dur+ su* a cure4 ,a/oni%+ z x may seem1 a cure is effect$ v rapidly4 ,9 su* cases1 ?ree1 five1 sev51 & ev5 m days ( hung] are employ$4 ,9 o!r cases1 :]e no wat] surplus is 9 exi/5ce1 we w\ld only apply #f days ( hung] treatm5t4 ,dur+ ! "t :5 ,i _h to be int]e/$ 9 ^! p>ticul> exp]im5ts1 !re 7 f\r wom5 9 my cl9ic1 all ( :om 7 !re because ( high blood pressure4 ,!y 7 ag$ #ej1 #ea1 #ec1 & #fc ye>s4 ,"o _h a blood pressure ( #baj_/ajj1 & #f days lat] x _h be5 r$uc$ to #agj_/ajj4 ,! ?ird _h a blood pressure ( #bhj_/afj & #f days lat] x dropp$ to #ahj_/ajj4 ,! loss ( weight am\nt$ to #c or #d kilograms & ! pati5ts naturally1 dur+ ^? days1 suff]$ f ?ir/ & felt weak at ! end ( ! six? day1 b !y 7 s happy ab\t ! improv$ condition t !y consid]$ ! unpleasantness ( ! rec5t days z be+ wor? =gett+4 ,q4 ,is x correct t :5 wat] is )drawn1 n\ri%m5t %\ld also be )drawn8 ,a4 ,x's easi] to suff] ?ir/ :5 y are also hungry because ! supply ( n\ri%m5t makes claims ^u ! kidneys &1 if y exclude salt 9 ! n\ri%m5t1 ! wat] loses fur!r humidity4 ,?us1 appetite disappe>s :5 y are ?ir/y4 ,!re=e1 x is def9itely bett] to be hungry & ?ir/y simultane\sly4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 is x "r to obs]ve ! individual doses 9 ord] to prev5t di>rhea1 &1 if individual quantities ( less ?an #cjj cc4 are admitt$1 c y prev5t di>rhea8 ,a4 ,9 ! case ( sea & bitt] wat] y only suff] f di>rhea if y dr9k a l>ge quantity at once4 ,if y di/ribute x ov] a day y suff] f con/ipation4 ,q4 ,yes1 b y didn't q answ] my "q4 ,i inquir$ ab\t ! individual doses4 ,a4 ,yes1 well1 ,i'm try+ to say t if y spread x out ov] a day1 giv+ small] individual doses in/ead ( giv+ x all at once1 !n !re isn't any dang] ( di>rhea4 ,q4 ,c y describe sea-wat] z poison\s at all8 ,a4 ,absolutely n4 ,!re is a tr5d t[>ds treatm5t ) sea-wat] :i* is increas+1 & p dr9k half a lit] ( sea-wat] e day = weeks4 ,!re c't be any "q ( any poison\s quality4 ,9 fact1 p say !y feel spl5did4 ,! only diff]5ce is t 9 ! case ( su* cures fre% wat] is adm9i/]$1 too1 9 ! mann] ( tea1 c(fee1 & s\p1 s t ! dehydrat+ effect ( ! sea-wat] is c\nt]act$4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 ,i wond] if y w\ld speak a little m sl[ly & make a pause aft] individual answ]s 9 ord] to enable ! int]pret]s to foll[4 ,has !re be5 an exp]im5t dur+ :i* a dose ( #ejj to #a1jjj cc4 ( sea-wat] daily 0 tak5 & is x to be describ$ z dang]\s1 provid+ ! exp]im5t is discont9u$ z soon z !re is a ?reat ( dang] to heal?8 ,a4 ,!re c't be any "q ( !re be+ any dang] to heal? dur+ ! fir/ few days4 ,! only "q is1 h[ long c ! body /& up to ?is cont9u$ deprivation ( humidity8 ,sea-wat] has a ?ree-p]c5t salt wat] cont5t4 ,g5]ally speak+1 at lea/ s f>1 we h assum$ t ! kidneys _c deal ) su* a salt conc5tration4 ,?is means t salt w rema9 9 ! sy/em1 collect+ wat] f ! tissues4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ?is is ( no importance1 b aft] #f or #g or #h days1 ?is becomes unpleasant & x is to be expect$ t aft] ! twelf? day !re is "s dang]4 ,!re h be5 cases ( sea rescue :5 ev5 #ag or m days aft]w>ds recov]y 0 a*iev$1 b ,i w\ld say t ,i w\ld nev] d>e to cont9ue su* an exp]im5t beyond ! twelf? day1 & 9 ?is case ) :i* we are conc]n$1 all exp]im5ts 7 discont9u$ aft] ! six? day1 s t dang] to heal? dur+ t p]iod 0 out ( ! "q4 ,q4 ,c\ld ! aim ( ^! exp]im5ts h be5 a*iev$ ) a semip]meable membrane8 ,a4 ,i don't und]/& h[ "o c imag9e ?is4 ,:at we are conc]n$ ) is ! "q ( h[ long ! human body c survive )\t wat] & "u ! excess quantity ( salt4 ,n[1 t is subject to ! wat] cont5t ( ! body & x dep5ds fir/ ( all1 ^u :e!r wat] is only us$ by ! int]m$i>y tissues or :e!r ! cell liquid too is be+ us$ up4 ,9 ! latt] case1 !re is a dang] :i* becomes app>5t ?r\gh excess potassium quantities1 & ?is 0 also cont9u\sly obs]v$ & *eck$ dur+ su* exp]im5ts1 & !re 7 no excess potassium quantities su* z c be expect$ aft] #f days4 ,q4 ,nor w\ld x be "r to say t ^! exp]im5ts 7 n plann$ sci5tifically & m$ically1 is t correct8 ,a4 ,absolutely n4 ,q4 ,c\ld !y h be5 plann$ diff]5tly8 ,a4 ,i c\ldn't imag9e h[4 ,q4 ,7 ^! exp]im5ts 9 ! int]e/s ( active w>f>e1 or 9 ! int]e/s ( ! c>e ( %ipwreck$ sailors or soldi]s8 ,a4 ,! latt]4 ,q4 ,9 o!r words1 = aviators & sailors :o 7 %ipwreck$ or might be %ipwreck$8 ,a4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! w> !re 0 an increase 9 ! numb] ( pilots %ot d[n z well z ( %ipwreck$ p]sonnel1 & x 01 !re=e1 ! duty ( ! hygi5e dep>tm5t conc]n$ to consid] ! "q ( h[ "o c\ld be/ deal ) su* cases ( %ipwreck$ p]sonnel2 t 0 ! reason = ?is conf]5ce4 ,previ\sly ,s*aef]1 z we he>d ye/]day1 _h recomm5d$ t no liquid %\ld be tak54 ,:51 toge!r ) ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b51 he succe$$ 9 elim9at+ salt & bitt] salt f sea-wat] ?r\gh ,w(atit1 ! problem 0 really solv$ sci5tifically4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 consid]able te*nical difficulties1 & x isn't exactly simple to equip ea* fli] ) s mu* ,w(atit 9 addition to ev]y?+ else he has to c>ry 9 ord] to protect him aga9/ ! dang] ( %ipwreck4 ,t is no d\bt :y ,epp+] & ,heubn] 7 9 favor ( ! exp]im5t1 & x 0 un=tunate t ,mr4 ,b]ka appe>$ ) ,b]katit at ! same "t1 & impress$ ! te*nicians because 8 me?od 0 m simple & *eap]4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 0 !re any reason to expect symptoms ( injury :i* might appe> lat] ?an #aj days aft] ! end ( ! exp]im5t8 ,a4 ,x 0 entirely out ( ! "q1 ev5 aft] ! sev5? day4 ,lat] injury is out ( ! "q1 because ! duration ( ! exp]im5ts is too %ort4 ,q4 ,to :at d y attribute ! loss ( weight dur+ su* exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,t is almo/ entirely ! loss ( wat]4 ,z ,i h already told y1 ! excess salt supply 9 ! body depriv$ ! body ( wat]4 ,! body mu/ h a supply ( wat] if x is to supply salt4 ,9 o!r words1 if ! body is n receiv+ any o!r wat] ?an sea-wat]1 an attack on ! wat] held by ! body mu/ take place1 & !re=e loss ( weight is b\nd to occur :i*1 h[ev]1 c be made up v quickly4 ,q4 ,:at w\ld y say 0 to be expect$ 9 ! way ( ! loss ( sub/ance ( ! body & h[ mu* loss ( wat]8 ,a4 ,i w\ld say ! bulk is ! loss ( wat]1 b to split ?is up is some?+ ,i consid] impossible to d ) c]ta9ty4 ,y might possibly comp>e j h[ mu* 0 lo/ dur+ ! "t appli$ by ,s*aef] :5 !re 0 consid]able hung] & h[ mu* 0 lo/ 9 ! case ( ,b]ka4 ,q4 ,does ! spe$ ) :i* ! loss ( wat] takes place play an important "p8 ,a4 ,yes1 ( c\rse1 a trem5d\s "p4 ,! color$ no/ras is a well-kn[n example1 dur+ :i* disease ! mo/ trem5d\s loss ( wat] & salt takes place dur+ #bd h\rs4 ,i knew a case :]e #aj lit]s ( wat] & #aej grams ( salt _h to be add$ intrav5\sly ?r\gh ! ve9s1 ! sk91 & ?r\gh ! /oma* 9 ord] to save ! life ( a p]son suff]+ f su* an acute loss ( wat]4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ?is is spread out ov] a p]iod ( days & if y d n h to expect su* a dang]\s loss ( salt1 !n ! body c /& up to x = a mu* long] p]iod4 ,i might p]haps add t ! loss ( salt is j z dang]\s z excess quantities ( salt1 & also 9 ! ev5t ( ! loss ( salt :i* is always connect$ ) loss ( wat]1 consid]able losses ( weight are suff]$4 ,x is well kn[n t an exp$ition on ! m\nta9 ,monte ,rose lo/ #e kilograms ( salt & wat] 9 weight1 & t ! weight c\ld n be replac$ 9 spite ( ! addition ( wat] :5 salt 0 also add$4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 accord+ to ! docum5ts at y\r disposal 7 ^! exp]im5ts suffici5tly well prep>$8 ,a4 ,x 0 my impression t !y 7 extremely well prep>$1 & ,i 0 p>ticul>ly impress$ by ! fact t ,beiglboeck _h suffici5tly exam9$ ! p>ticipants c>efully & _h consid]$ ! use ( ?ree ( !m to be unsuitable s9ce he f\nd a defect ( ! lungs4 ,q4 ,i also want to deal ) su* prep>ations-- ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,i d n ?9k by any /ret* ( ! imag9ation ?is witness c te/ify f ! records t ,beiglboeck conduct$ an exam9ation or reject$ ?ree exp]im5tal subjects4 ,9 my op9ion x does n appe> f ! records1 & he c only te/ify :at ,beiglboeck told him4 ,unless he c say x does appe> 9 ! records1 ,i ?9k x %\ld be /rick54 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,c\nsel has an opportunity ( cross-exam9+ ! witness at ! close ( 8 te/imony4 ,,dr4 ,,m>x3 ,pr(essor1 w\ld y n say t regulations = ^! exp]im5ts also mean t c]ta9 exp]im5ts1 su* z exp]im5ts on "o's self & animal exp]im5ts1 pr9t$ regulations1 if y l1 mu/ h be5 9 exi/5ce or 0 t true ( ?is case8 ,a4 ,yes1 a report f ,beiglboeck ab\t an exp]im5t c>ri$ out ^u himself is 9 exi/5ce :i* describes mo/ effici5tly ! condition 9 :i* he f\nd himself dur+ a sea-wat] exp]im5t1 & ?is description tallies to ! highe/ possible degree ) :at my volunte]s :o submitt$ !mselves to ^! exp]im5ts describ$4 ,i might deal ) t lat]4 ,q4 ,:at op9ion d y h reg>d+ ! exp]im5ts :i* 7 c>ri$ out by ,sirany 9 ,vi5na8 ,a4 ,!re appe>$ to me to be a lack ( critical attitude4 ,i ?9k ,s*aef] _h ! same impression ye/]day4 ,q4 ,are symptoms recognizable reg>d+ ! plann+ ( ^! exp]im5ts :i* w\ld g beyond ! absolutely ess5tial practical purposes & :i* w\ld lead to consid]able pa9s or pa9ful feel+s or might h l$ to t8 ,a4 ,( c\rse x isn't fun to be ?ir/y1 & t is ! major compla9t 9 ^! cases4 ,^! p are increas+ly ?ir/y1 & !y are disappo9t$ to f9d t dr9k+ sea-wat] doesn't decrease b increases _! ?ir/1 & t[>ds ! end ( ! exp]im5ts !re are di/urbances ( ! muscles1 & ! temp] doesn't exactly improve4 ,x is ! same 9 ! salt wat] exp]im5ts :]e !re are cramps ( ! calf because ( ! lack ( wat]1 b ! *>act]i/ics ( t are t ^! symptoms disappe> in/antane\sly at ! v mom5t :5 ! fir/ glass ( wat] is drunk4 ,q4 ,w\ld y consid] x possible t di/urbances ( ! n]ve end might appe>8 ,temp]ature8 ,a4 ,temp]ature doesn't happ5 at all1 & ,i c't imag9e !re be+ di/urbances ( ! n]v\s sy/em at all4 ,q4 ,h[ ab\t fits8 ,a4 ,9 ! case ( insane p !re may appe> insane fits1 maybe1 b n 9 ! case ( normal human be+s4 ,q4 ,if y y\rself _h be5 plac$ 9 ?is position1 & consid]+ y\r attitude t[>d m$ical e?ics1 w\ld y h object$ to c>ry+ out ! same type ( exp]im5t z 0 c>ri$ out "h1 if heal?y1 /rong1 "y m5 _h be5 at y\r disposal8 ,a4 ,i actually did x4 ,s9ce ,i 0 int]e/$ 9 connection ) sea-wat] exp]im5ts1 ,i call$ = volunte]s among my "y doctors1 & five ( !m volunte]$1 among !m my y\nge/ son1 & !y drank syn!tic sea-wat]1 hav+ ! exact salt cont5t ( real sea-wat]1 dr9k+ up to #ejj cc42 !y got a little food1 because !y 7 to cont9ue on duty dur+ ! exp]im5t4 ,! loss ( weight v>i$ & 0 ar\nd "o kilogram a day4 ,at ! end ( ! exp]im5t1 my son 0 pretty ?91 b aft] hav+ a cup ( tea 0 f9e4 ,two days lat] he _h rega9$ 8 lo/ weight fully4 ,all five p>ticipants describ$ ! exp]im5t 9 ! same way z ,beiglboeck describ$ ! exp]im5t c>ri$ out on himself4 ,f\r ( ^! subjects int]rupt$ ! exp]im5t aft] #e days4 ,"o c>ri$ x out = #f days1 & ap>t f cont9u\s ?ir/1 he _h no compla9ts4 ,any s]i\s di/urbance or damage is out ( ! "q1 & ! extraord9>y fact 0 ! spe$ ) :i* all symptoms ( ?ir/ disappe>$ aft] wat] _h be5 tak54 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 ! exp]im5ts we 7 talk+ ab\t2 did !y h a practical valuable aim & did !y %[ a correspond+ result8 ,a4 ,yes1 t is correct4 ,= in/ance an important obs]vation 0 made :i* ,epp+] _h expect$2 he want$ to see if ! kidneys did conc5trate salt "u su* extreme conditions to an ev5 high] ext5t ?an "o expect$ previ\sly4 ,"o ?\ght t x w\ld be some?+ l #b4j p]c5t b #b4f or #b4g p]c5t & record figures ( #c4j1 #c4e1 #c4f1 & #d p]c5t are %[n1 s t ! =tunate man :o is 9 a position to conc5trate #c4f p]c5t or #d p]c5t ( salt w\ld be able to live on sea-wat] = q a long p]iod4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,witness1 aft] a "q is prop\nd$ to y by y\r c\nsel1 w\ld y pause a mom5t be=e giv+ y\r answ] s t ! "q may be translat$ & convey$ & :5 y beg9 to make y\r answ]1 w\ld y speak a little m sl[ly8 ,a4 ,f9ally1 "o unsuspect$ fact 0 %[n :i* may be connect$ ) ?is1 & t is t ! dr9k+ ( small quantities ( sea-wat] up to #ejj cc4 giv5 ov] a l5g?y p]iod turn$ out to be bett] ?an unalleviat$ ?ir/4 ,,dr4 ,,m>x3 ,:at d y ?9k ( ,w(atit g5]ally8 ,a4 ,x is a wond]ful ?+4 ,q4 ,is x correct to say t sea-wat] really assumes ! "* ( dr9k+ wat] ?r\gh x8 ,a4 ,yes1 ! only difficulty w\ld appe> to be to obta9 ! drug 9 suffici5tly l>ge quantities = a man :o is %ipwreck$ & did n h 8 luggage2 b x is a wond]ful discov]y4 ,q4 ,s1 y ?9k t ! result ( ^! exp]im5ts is n only ( importance 9 w>time1 b is also ( importance = ! problems ( seaf>+ nations8 ,a4 ,q "r1 x is a wond]ful ?+ = all sea-f>+ nations4 ,q4 ,s t bo? ! exp]im5ts ) ,w(atit1 z well z ! exp]im5ts made reg>d+ ! symptoms :5 su* a dr9k 0 n available1 7 important to %[1 = in/ance1 ! result ( ! consumption ( sea-wat] 9 c]ta9 giv5 doses4 ,a4 ,t is q correct4 ,q4 ,t 0 only discov]$ by ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,q correct4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,on :at precisely is y\r te/imony ) respect to ! exp]im5ts by ,beiglboeck bas$8 ,,witness ,,vollh>dt3 ,on ! records & ! descriptions t ,beiglboeck gave ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,precisely :at records h y se5 ( ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,! records t ! def5se c\nsel _h 9 8 h& ye/]day or today4 ,q4 ,doctor1 ,i w h pass$ up to y a set ( records :i* are numb]$ f #a to #dd 9 r$ p5cil1 & ,i ask y1 did y h ^? records be=e y & did y make a /udy ( !m8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i _h ^! records1 & ,i ask$ "o ( my collaborators :o took "p 9 ^! exp]im5ts to read ?r\gh ^! records & to make exc]pts f !m4 ,he happ5s to be "h also4 ,q4 ,:o 0 ?is collaborator8 ,a4 ,"o ( my assi/ants by ! "n ( ,w]n]4 ,he is 9 ! audi5ce at ! mom5t4 ,q4 ,y said some?+ ab\t 8 hav+ p>ticipat$ 9 exp]im5ts2 y don't mean ! ,da*au exp]im5ts1 d y8 ,a4 ,no4 ,9 exp]im5ts t ,i c>ri$ out ) my /ud5ts4 ,q4 ,did y p]sonally exam9e ^! records at all8 ,a4 ,i saw !m1 b ,i didn't /udy e "o ( !m4 ,i left t up to ! "y man4 ,q4 ,& :at did ! "y man d8 ,a4 ,he gave me a v exhau/ive report on !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,y\r te/imony1 !n1 is bas$ ^u a summ>y made by y\r assi/ant1 is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is s4 ,q4 ,n[ :at o!r records 7 made available to y ^u :i* y\r te/imony is bas$ "h8 ,a4 ,! *>ts t 7 fill$ out 9 p5cil ) figures4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,n[1 7 !re any o!r records t y got :i* we h n he>d ab\t1 on :i* y\r te/imony "h is bas$8 ,a4 ,i _c say at ! mom5t4 ,i w\ld h to conf] )-- ,q4 ,i believe t ! def5se _h reports by ,beck]-,freys5g & by ,beiglboeck8 ,a4 ,^! 7 reports on ! :ole developm5t ( ! "q4 ,q4 ,well1 ,pr(essor1 :at sort ( reports 7 !y8 ,we h n se5 !m1 y "k1 & we w\ld l to "k on :at y are bas+ y\r op9ion be=e ?is ,tribunal4 ,a4 ,descriptions ( ! :ole c\rse t ! matt] took reg>d+ ! conf]5ce1 h[ ! decision 0 rea*$1 h[ ! exp]im5ts 7 plann$1 & !n ,beiglboeck's report on 8 own exp]im5ts on himself1 :i* is a v c>eful description & corresponds exactly to :at my subjects exp]i5c$ :5 !y c>ri$ out exp]im5ts on !mselves4 ,q4 ,did y read & /udy ^! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,beck]-,freys5g & ,beiglboeck8 ,a4 ,( c\rse4 ,q4 ,& !y influ5c$ y\r te/imony be=e ?is ,tribunal2 y reli$ on !m 9 mak+ y\r te/imony "h8 ,a4 ,f ^! ,i _h an idea ( ! situation z a :ole2 9 ord] to =m my own op9ion ,i p]=m$ exp]im5ts myself4 ,q4 ,& y\r te/imony "h is bas$ 9 "p ^u ! reports made by ,beck]-,freys5g & ,beiglboeck2 t is true1 isn't x1 ,doctor8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,& ^! records made by ,beck]-,freys5g & ,beiglboeck 7 n contemporane\s records ( ^! exp]im5ts1 7 !y1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,i don't believe s4 ,q4 ,!y 71 r1 essays or reports :i* !y h writt5 up s9ce _! arre/ & inc>c]ation2 isn't t true1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,t is v possible4 ,q4 ,h[ old a man is ?is assi/ant ( y\rs1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,tw5ty-six4 ,q4 ,tw5ty-six ye>s old8 ,a4 ,tw5ty-sev54 ,q4 ,tw5ty-sev5 ye>s old2 has he /udi$ m$ic9e8 ,a4 ,( c\rse4 ,q4 ,:]e did he /udy8 ,a4 ,heidelb]g4 ,q4 ,h]r ,pr(essor1 ,i w ask y to te/ify f y\r own memory1 & if ! def5se c\nsel wi%es to put y\r assi/ant on ! /&1 !y are privileg$ to d s2 b ,i am int]e/$ prim>ily 9 kn[+ :at y "k ab\t y\r assi/ant4 ,n[1 y did n "k he /udi$ at ,heidelb]g until he told y j n[8 ,a4 ,i h #dj to #ej "y m5 at ! cl9ic1 & x is impossible = me to "k ( ea* "o :]e he /udi$1 b ,i made 8 acqua9tance at ! cl9ic4 ,he is a v indu/ri\s & intellig5t p]son & = t reason ,i ask$ him to d ?is "w & take "s "w (f my %\ld]s4 ,q4 ,h[ long has he be5 work+ ) y8 ,a4 ,m ?an a ye>4 ,q4 ,work+ ) y ab\t a ye>1 & s9ce t "t y h conduct$ ^! sea-wat] exp]im5ts y\rself8 ,a4 ,we c>ri$ !m out %ortly be=e ,%rove ,tuesday4 ,q4 ,( #aidg8 ,a4 ,yes1 ?is ye>4 ,q4 ,h[ did y happ5 to c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts2 7 y reque/$ to d s by def5se c\nsel8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i _h be5 ask$ v (t5 to int]e/ myself 9 ?is matt]1 & ,i 0 int]e/$ to see = myself ! effect ( sea-wat] on ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,?is 0 int]e/+ to me because ,i already _h consid]able exp]i5ce 9 ! field ( hung] & ?ir/4 ,q4 ,7 y approa*$ at all ) respect to ?is case be=e ! "t y />t$ ^! sea-wat] exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,yes1 t is :y ,i />t$ to int]e/ myself 9 ! matt]1 because ,i 0 ask$ to appe> "h z a witness1 b ,i c>ri$ out ^! exp]im5ts entirely spontane\sly1 )\t outside int]f]5ce & = my own int]e/4 ,q4 ,b ! fact t y 7 approa*$ to come "h & te/ify influ5c$ y\r decision to c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,( c\rse1 ( c\rse4 ,q4 ,& did y make any ef=t to h ^! exp]im5ts co9cide ) ! conditions :i* y 7 told exi/$ 9 ! ,da*au exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,yes1 we made only "o di/9ction 9 ?is1 namely1 t ! exp]im5tal subjects receiv$ r\ghly #a1fjj calories a day1 because !y 7 n to int]rupt _! "w4 ,to be sure1 z ! exp]im5t w5t on !y ate less & less ( ! #a1fjj calories1 because ?ir/ made !m lose _! appetite4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,n[ h[ _m exp]im5tal subjects did y use 9 y\r exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,five ( !m4 ,q4 ,& y say t !y 7 volunte]s1 y\r assi/ants1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,yes1 !y 7 all doctors1 volunte]s1 &1 z ,i said1 also includ$ my y\nge/ son :o also happ5s to be "h4 ,q4 ,& precisely :at happ5$ dur+ ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,^! p]sons 7 assembl$ 9 "o room1 receiv$ ! same am\nt ( salt ea* & m or less cont9u$ _! "w4 ,!y drank #ejj cc4 ( sea-wat]1 & "o ( !m drank #a1jjj1 & !y /uck pretty closely to ! provisions set d[n = ! exp]im5t4 ,q4 ,y say f\r ( !m drank #ejj cc4 ( sea-wat] p] day & ! fif? "o drank #a1jjj cubic c5timet]s ( sea-wat]8 ,a4 ,! fif? drank on "o day1 on ! la/ day ,i ?9k1 an additional #ejj cc4 because he 0 v ?ir/y4 ,q4 ,:5 did y />t ! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,on ! ,monday be=e ! beg9n+ ( ,l5t4 ,q4 ,& h[ long did !y run8 ,a4 ,z ,i said1 f\r broke (f ! exp]im5t aft] f\r days because ( ! c>nival season & "o ( !m /uck x out = six4 ,q4 ,well1 y spoke ( f\r days1 d y "k h[ _m h\rs !y 7 "u ! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,five times tw5ty-f\r 9 g5]al & ! o!r "o six times tw5ty-f\r4 ,q4 ,well1 ,i misund]/ood y1 or else y\r te/imony has *ang$2 y said f\r ( ! /ud5ts /ay$ on ! exp]im5ts = f\r days & "o w5t on = six days4 ,is t "r8 ,a4 ,no1 f\r did x = five days1 f\r broke (f at ! end ( ! fif? day1 & "o /ay$ until ! end ( ! six? day4 ,q4 ,& y are prep>$ to te/ify x 0 five times tw5ty-f\r1 is t "r1 #fj h\rs sic8 ,a4 ,i w\ld h to *eck on t = sure 9 ! record1 :e!r x 0 five times tw5ty-f\r or f\r times tw5ty-f\r1 or sixte5 or eighte54 ,^? ?+s didn't seem v important to me4 ,i 0 int]e/$ prim>ily 9 see+ h[ greatly ! p]sons suff]$ "u ! exp]im5ts1 b ! man :o did x = six days did d x = six times tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,h[ev]1 ,i don't want to make a /atem5t = c]ta9 "u oa? reg>d+ ! numb] ( h\rs4 ,q4 ,well ?is little exp]im5t conduct$ by y1 z ,i take x1 _h z its purpose to f9d out h[ mu* a man suff]s1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,y didn't "k t be=e y conduct$ ?is exp]im5t1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,i assum$ t !y w\ld be v ?ir/y1 b ,i want$ to see :at ! subjective s5sations or feel+s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 74 ,:at 0 mo/ important to me 0 to "k :e!r ^! exp]im5ts c\ld be *>act]iz$ z cruel or inhumane or brutal1 & if !y 7 exp]im5ts :i* l$ to a pretty /rong s5se ( discom=t1 namely1 ?ir/1 b did n d any damage to heal?1 t is :at ,i want$ to "k4 ,q4 ,& y\r te/imony be=e ?is ,tribunal is bas$ ^u ^? exp]im5ts2 is t "r8 ,a4 ,no1 on bo?1 ( c\rse1 bo? on ^? c>ri$ out by ,beiglboeck & on my own4 ,q4 ,well1 y\r judgm5t 0 also influ5c$ by :at ,beiglboeck told y ab\t h[ mu* ! exp]im5tal subjects suff]$1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,beiglboeck drew up 8 own report on 8 own exp]im5t on himself & a g5]al report on :atev] compla9ts ! subjects utt]$4 ,q4 ,:at is ! exp]im5t t ,beiglboeck conduct$ by himself8 ,y mean he has be5 und]go+ an exp]im5t back 9 ! prison8 ,a4 ,no1 be=e ! exp]im5ts began1 he c>ri$ out a sea-wat] exp]im5t on himself4 ,q4 ,:]e did ^! exp]im5tal subjects ( y\rs /ay dur+ ?is exp]im5t8 ,i seem to recall y said !y cont9u$ _! "w or some?+ ( t sort4 ,a4 ,!y all /ay$ 9 "o room :]e !y ate & slept1 & ?is 0 done to make ! conduct ( ! exp]im5t easi]1 z !y 7 to receive special rations4 ,q4 ,well1 n[ all five exp]im5tal subjects 7 9 "o room dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( ! exp]im5t1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,& :at did !y d8 ,a4 ,!y w5t f ?is room to :]ev] !y _h to "w1 b !y return$ to ! room = sleep+ & eat+4 ,q4 ,well1 ,doctor1 we are hav+ great difficulty 9 really gett+ a cle> picture ab\t h[ ?is exp]im5t w5t on4 ,n[ y mean to say !y c>ri$ on _! "w ab\t ! cl9ic8 ,!y didn't /ay 9 ?is room ! :ole "t1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,!y actually only ate 9 ! room & slept 9 ! room2 is t "r8 ,a4 ,t is correct4 ,q4 ,did !y leave ! cl9ic at all8 ,a4 ,i believe t !y did n dur+ ^? days4 ,q4 ,b y don't "k8 ,a4 ,i c't swe> to x4 ,q4 ,y c't swe> t !y didn't g to a local c9ema dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts = example8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i c't swe> to t4 ,i j don't "k4 ,q4 ,9 o!r words1 !y _h _! normal daily life available to !m dur+ ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,!y c>ri$ on _! daily "w & 9 ?is case x is p]fectly c]ta9 t !y did n dr9k any fre% wat]4 ,!y knew p]fectly well :at ! po9t ( ! exp]im5t 04 ,q4 ,h[ mu* food did !y get1 aga98 ,a4 #a1fjj calories4 ,q4 ,& d y "k :at ! food 08 ,a4 ,yes1 t is also 9 ! record4 ,x 0 meat1 fat1 & :at n1 b ,i c't tell y t f memory4 ,h[ev]1 ,i c\ld give y ! record 9 writ+4 ,q4 ,9 :at record8 ,h we any record on ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,!re 0 a record4 ,q4 ,n[1 !y got absolutely no fre% wat] dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,did !y get any o!r wat] or fluid o!r ?an salt wat]8 ,a4 ,no1 t 0 ! :ole purpose1 t !y %\ld receive no o!r fluid & t is :y !y lo/ _! appetite lat]4 ,q4 ,!y got no milk & no fruit juices8 ,a4 ,no1 no1 t w\ld h violat$ ! :ole exp]im5t1 & !n !y w\ld n h lo/ s mu* weight4 ,q4 ,i c appreciate t1 ,pr(essor4 ,:]e did y get ! sea-wat] t ^! exp]im5tal subjects drank8 ,a4 ,we manufactur$ x c>efully 9 ! *emical laboratory accord+ to a *emical analysis ( sea-wat] t c be f\nd 9 _m text books4 ,i h a *emi/ :o 0 9 *>ge ( ! laboratory & he made ?is sea-wat] accord+ to ! =mula4 ,we c\ldn't get any natural sea-wat] = ?is exp]im5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,n[1 y didn't keep any ( y\r exp]im5tal subjects )\t any wat] :atev]1 did y8 ,a4 ,five hundr$ cc4 ( sea-wat] 0 ! liquid !y receiv$4 ,q4 ,well1 7 !re n "s exp]im5tal subjects at ,da*au :o did n get any wat] at all1 sea-wat] or o!rwise8 ,a4 ,yes1 ! fir/ gr\p fa/$ & ?ir/$4 ,i h already spok5 ab\t t & said t ?ir/ c m easily be tol]at$ if "o is fa/+ at ! same "t1 s t ! kidney has z little z possible to d2 ?us ! body is able to reta9 m wat]4 ,q4 ,b y c't te/ify to ! ,tribunal ab\t :at pa9 & suff]+ ^? exp]im5tal subjects 7 subject$ to1 c y8 ,y didn't run any simil> exp]im5ts y\rself8 ,a4 ,i d n und]/& y4 ,i c>ri$ out ^! exp]im5ts to "k :at sort ( suff]+ ! exp]im5tal subjects w5t ?r\gh4 ,q4 ,b y didn't c>ry out "o :]e a man fa/$ = #e or #f days )\t ei!r food or wat]4 ,!y did c>ry out su* an exp]im5t 9 ,da*au4 ,s y h no basis to te/ify ab\t pa9 & suff]+ to :i* t gr\p ( exp]im5tal subjects 7 subject$1 d y8 ,a4 ,i m5tion$ t at ! same "t ,i 0 hav+ f\r wom5 fa/ & ?ir/ :o _h come to ! cl9ic ) v high blood pressure & = six :ole days ^! wom5 fa/$ & ?ir/$4 ,?is s improv$ _! condition t !y consequ5tly =got ! unpleasantness involv$ 9 ! fa/+ & ?ir/+4 ,i also m5tion$ among !m "o woman :o weigh$ only #ea4g kilo1 & :o lo/ #c4 ,h[ev]1 h] blood pressure w5t d[n f #bde_/abe to #ahe_/ajj4 ,i c>ri$ out su* exp]im5ts almo/ daily 9 ! cl9ic4 ,t is done by ! hundr$4 ,&1 9 ! case ( p]sons ) kidney disease1 t is ! accept$ me?od s t dur+ ! w> p f ! fronts w5t ?r\gh ?\s&s ( su* hung] & ?ir/ cures4 ,i didn't h to h any control exp]im5t 9 ?is2 t 0 furni%$ daily by ! cl9ic4 ,q4 ,& ^! wom5 w5t )\t food & wat] = #d days8 ,a4 ,six days )\t food & wat]4 ,q4 ,& :at 0 ! result on !m aside f _! blood pressure8 ,did !y suff] mu* pa98 ,a4 ,!re is no "q ( pa9 9 su* cases4 ,!y simply felt ?ir/4 ,/rangely en\gh !y d n compla9 ( be+ hungry4 ,! body wat] t /ill rema9s is en\gh to keep ! body metabolism suppli$ ) ! necess>y *emicals4 ,h[ev]1 !re is a lack ( sodium nitrate 9 ! body :i*1 h[ev]1 c be ov]come by giv+ sodium nitrate4 ,!y nev] compla9 ab\t hung]1 only ?ir/4 ,sometimes !y compla9 ( a feel+ ( weakness b fa/+ = #f days is no?+ v special4 ,z ,i said1 "s p c>ry out hung] cures = #d weeks4 ,to be sure1 !y dr9k fruit juice dur+ su* a long cure4 ,we also make use ( x = !rapeutic purposes4 ,!y w receive fruit juice b t is by no means s unpleasant z an #h-;day long hung] & ?ir/ cure4 ,q4 ,& y gave !m no comp5sation = go+ )\t food & wat] :atev]8 ,y gave !m no injections ( any sort8 ,a4 ,no1 no4 ,my :ole purpose is to elim9ate f ! body all ! unnecess>y fluids 9 ! blood s t ! blood pressure w drop4 ,i gradually br+ ^! p ov] to a =m ( n\ri%m5t )\t any salt4 ,q4 ,n[ y say t f\r out ( five ( y\r exp]im5tal subjects broke (f on ! fif? day8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,= ext]nal reasons only1 n because !y c\ld no long] tol]ate x4 ,x j happ5$ t f\r ( ! m5 _h dates on ! #e? day1 b ! #e? "o /ay$ on until ! six? day & ,i ask$ him specifically :e!r he felt p>ticul>ly tortur$ or 9 pa9 & he said no4 ,he said t ) ! fir/ dr9k ( wat] he took all unpleasantness & discom=t vani%$4 ,i obs]v$ my son myself4 ,z soon z he drank a cup ( tea1 he 0 p]fectly all "r & #b days aft] ! exp]im5t he _h recov]$ all ! weight he _h lo/4 ,he _h lo/ r\ghly "o kilo a day4 ,q4 ,y say ^! f\r m5 _h a date on ! #e?4 ,y mean !y _h an engagem5t ) a "y lady8 ,a4 ,i d n "k :at details 7 plann$ = ! c>nival celebration4 ,i c\ld simply draw ! regrettable conclusion t _! int]e/ 9 ! c>nival 0 a little great] ?an _! int]e/ 9 ! exp]im5t4 ,b ?is does indicate t ! exp]im5ts did n h a v delet]i\s effect on !m1 o!rwise !y c\ld n h gone to ! c>nival & enjoy$ x4 ,q4 ,well1 x might also indicate t !y didn't reg>d ! exp]im5ts z be+ v s]i\s & t1 ev5 ?\gh sev]al m5 9 ?is dock are q int]e/$ 9 ! results ( ?is p>ticul> exp]im5t1 y\r f\r "y assi/ants didn't reg>d x z s]i\s en\gh to refra9 f go+ out on a date4 ,isn't t ab\t ! size ( x8 ,a4 ,i c't d5y t4 ,i wasn't too pleas$ by _! behavior4 ,q4 ,7 ^! m5 in=m$ ( ! s]i\sness ( ?is und]tak+8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,& :at reason did y advance to !m = und]go+ ! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,( c\rse1 ,i told !m1 & !y knew1 t su* sea-wat] exp]im5ts 7 an issue1 b ,i 0 p]fectly conv9c$ t ^! exp]im5ts c\ld by no means be call$ inhumane or brutal & consequ5tly we didn't approa* ! exp]im5ts 9 too tragic a mann]4 ,all we want$ to "k 0 h[ unpleasant su* an exp]im5t 04 99 99 99 99 99 ,,exam9ation ,,by ,,! ,,tribunal ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,pr(essor1 ^! subjects ^u :om y conduct$ an exp]im5t 9 y\r in/itute 7 v excell5t subjects = su* an exp]im5t1 7 !y n8 ,,witness ,,vollh>dt3 ,!y 7 *>act]iz$ by ! fact t !y 7 m$ical m5 :o und]/ood ! mean+ ( ! exp]im5t & t ,i c\ld rely on !m4 ,physically1 !y c]ta9ly 7 no bett]-condition$1 accord+ to ! photographs at lea/1 ?an ^? r well n\ri%$ exp]im5tal subjects4 ,q4 ,i 0 n ?9k+ s mu* ( _! physical condition1 b !y 7 m5 :o 7 int]e/$ 9 ?is "w1 7 !y n8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,! results ( ! exp]im5t--ea* ^u himself & ^u ea* ( 8 associates--w\ld be int]e/+ to ea* "o1 w\ld x n8 ,is t n true8 ,a4 ,i w\ld assume s1 yes4 ,q4 ,ea* "o 0 entirely controll+ 8 own p>ticipation 9 ! exp]im5t1 0 he n8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,if1 at any "t1 any "o ( ! subjects felt t ! conditions :i* he 0 und]go+ 9 ! exp]im5t 7 becom+ too heavy = him1 he w\ld h be5 releas$ f fur!r p>ticipation ^u 8 reque/1 w\ld he n8 ,a4 ,no d\bt he w\ld h report$ & he w\ld h said1 8,i want to /ep out4 ,?is is too mu* = me40 ,q4 ,t's :at ,i meant4 ,he w\ld h ask$ to be releas$ & he w\ld h be5 imm$iately releas$8 ,well1 is x or is x n a fact t a human be+ w volunt>ily und]go hung]1 ?ir/1 pa91 discom=t1 & /& x bett] :5 he kn[s t he is do+ x "u 8 own volition ) a sci5tific objective1 ?an a p]son ( equal physical condition w /& su* an exp]im5t :51 ins(> z he is conc]n$1 he has no p]sonal int]e/ :atsoev]8 ,a4 ,no d\bt t is correct1 & ,i am p]fectly conv9c$ t ,pr(essor ,epp+] tri$ ev]y?+ he c\ld 9 ord] to obta9 su* volunte]s4 ,he 0 mo/ uncom=table ab\t ! fact t ^! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,da*au4 ,he w\ld mu* r h se5 !m c>ri$ out 9 ,vi5na on 8 own /ud5ts b1 at t "t1 !re w]5't any /ud5ts any m4 ,!y _h all be5 call$ up1 & m$ical (fic]s 7 v sc>ce s t !re 0 no "q ( obta9+ volunte]s4 ,h5ce1 9 ?is v t5se & difficult "t1 no subjects c\ld be f\nd1 to c>ry out su* a s]ies ( exp]im5ts z 0 plann$ "h1 9 a hospital or cl9ic ( any k9d4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett]1 m practical & m s5sible1 by all means1 if ! exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out at t "t ^u m$ical /ud5ts1 b1 un=tunately1 t 0 impossible4 ,q4 ,y prefac$ y\r /atem5t1 ,doctor1 by say+ t ,dr4 ,epp+] _h ?is s5tim5t4 ,h[ d y "k t8 ,a4 ,because1 dur+ ! conf]5ce1 x 0 mo/ly ,pr(essor ,epp+] :o 0 9 favor ( ^! exp]im5ts be+ made &1 s9ce ,pr(essor ,epp+] _h e>m>k$ 8 favorite pupil1 ,beiglboeck1 = ! c>ry+ out ( ^! exp]im5ts1 x is a matt] ( c\rse t ,epp+] w\ld h lik$ no?+ bett] ?an t ^! exp]im5ts %\ld be c>ri$ out "u 8 own control 9 ,vi5na4 ,q4 ,y are assum+ t ,epp+] w\ld h felt z y w\ld h felt "u simil> circum/ances1 is t correct8 ,a4 ,i "k t all ^? :o 7 int]e/$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts 7 mak+ ef=ts to f9d places :]e ^! exp]im5ts c\ld be c>ri$ out 9 a milit>y hospital on soldi]s or convalesc5t pati5ts or o!r p]sons1 b1 un=tunately1 ev]y?+ turn$ out to be impossible4 ,y c only imag9e ! situation if y "k h[ e hospital b$ & e doctor 0 be+ utiliz$ 9 ?is "t4 ,t 0 ! f9al p]iod ( ! w>4 ,q4 ,y prefac$ ?is la/ /atem5t by say+1 8,i "k40 ,n[1 h[ d y "k8 ,by any o!r me?od ?an assum+ t ^! g5tlem5 w\ld h felt z y felt8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i recollect t ,i read t 9 "o ( ! reports1 t an attempt _h be5 made to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts else:]e & t "o _h come across lock$ doors ev]y:]e4 ,= in/ance1 "o _h ,brunswick 9 m9d1 ,i "k t by *ance1 ! ,luftwaffe hospital at ,brunswick1 & t 0 impossible4 ,?us1 all inquiries _h negative answ]s4 ,q4 ,i ga!r$ f y\r answ] to "o ( my que/ions a %ort "t ago--,i w\ld l to return to t subject--t a p]son ( intellig5ce w endure m discom=t1 pa91 & suff]+1 pursu+ a volunt>y exp]im5t :i* he kn[s he c t]m9ate at any mom5t ?an a p]son1 probably ( less intellig5ce1 w\ld display ^u und]go+ an exp]im5t :i* he c\ld n /op at 8 own volition4 ,is t correct8 ,a4 ,well1 !re is no "q b t1 = ^? p]sons 9 ,da*au1 ! only bait 0 ! good food be=e & aft]w>ds & ! cig>ettes t !y _h be5 promis$4 ,t 0 n possible 9 ! case ( my doctors4 ,!y did x because !y 7 int]e/$ &1 ( c\rse1 t w\ld h be5 by f> ! be/ solution if x _h be5 possible4 ,q4 ,&1 ins(> z ! subjects at ,da*au1 if any ( !m1 at any "t dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts1 believ$ t ! pa9 or discom=t or :atev] x might be call$1 :i* !y 7 suff]+ w\ld n be comp5sat$ by cig>ettes1 or o!r promises :i* _h be5 made to !m1 !y w\ld be v anxi\s !n to be releas$ f prosecution ( t exp]im5t4 ,is t true8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,t's :y q a numb] ( exp]im5tal subjects secretly drank wat]1 because ! /rict c\rse didn't please !m too mu*4 ,q4 ,well1 unlike ! exp]im5tal subjects 9 y\r in/itute1 ^? subjects w\ld n be p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! result1 w\ld !y8 ,!y _h no sci5tific int]e/ 9 ! result1 did !y8 ,a4 ,no1 no4 ,none at all4 ,none :atev]4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #dg ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #af ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajidb-ajiga4 #dh ,eug5 ,kogon3 ,d] ,,ss ,/aat2 publi%$ #aidf1 ,v]lag d] ,frankfurt] ,hefte1 ,frankfurt-,ma94 #di ,c\nsel = ! def5dant ,beiglboeck quot$ ! te/imony ( ! prosecution witnesses ,/oehr1 ,pillwe91 & ,ts*(5ig & ! te/imony ( ! def5se witness ,mettba* :o /at$ t approximately #dj to #ej gypsies 7 us$ = ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts & t !y wore ei!r black or gre5 triangles4 ,black triangles _h to be worn by ^? conc5tration camp inmates :o 7 consid]$ asocial & gre5 triangles by ^? :o 7 consid]$ crim9al4 #ej ,same z ,footnote #di above4 #ea ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #bg ,june1 #a ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajbbi-ajbce1 #ajejh-ajede4 #eb ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #f1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ag ,june #aidg1 pp4 #hfff-ijbh1 #icbf-icbi4 #ec ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #c ,june #aidg1 pp4 #hdjj-hdic4 #h4 ,,epidemic ,,jaundice ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,s*ro$]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,rose1 & ,beck]-,freys5g 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ epidemic jaundice exp]im5ts 7p>4 #f 7,h7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,dur+ ! trial ! prosecution )drew ?is *>ge 9 ! case ( ,siev]s1 ,rose1 & ,beck]-,freys5g4 ,on ?is *>ge only ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t 0 convict$1 & ! def5dants ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,s*ro$]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 & ,popp5dick 7 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! epidemic jaundice exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its f9al briefs aga9/ def5dants ,h&los] & ,s*ro$]4 ,extracts f ^! briefs are set =? bel[ on pages #did to #dih4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! f9al plea = ! def5dant ,h&los]4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #dii to #ejc4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #ejc to #ejh4 b4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,h&los] 99 99 99 99 99 ,epidemic ,jaundice ,foll[+ ! attack on ,russia1 epidemic jaundice 7hepatitis epidemica7 became a disease ( major proportions = ! ,g]man ,wehrma*t4 7,tr4 p4 #bgjg47 ,9 "s units1 casualties up to #fj p]c5t 7 report$ f ?is disease4 7,,no-#jaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahg47 ,accord+ly1 an int5sive ef=t 0 made to discov] ! causes ( & vacc9ations aga9/ epidemic jaundice4 ,dohm5 & ,gutzeit ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate & ,haag5 ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe 7 among ! doctors work+ on ?is subject4 ,dohm5 & ,gutzeit 7 atta*$ to ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy & directly subord9at$ to ,s*reib]4 7,tr4 p4 #bgeb47 ,! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy 01 ( c\rse1 subord9at$ to ,h&los] z ,army ,m$ical ,inspector4 7,tr4 p4 #bgdj47 ,gutzeit 0 also consult+ int]ni/ to ,h&los]4 7,tr4 p4 #bgjj47 ,dohm5 0 "o ( ! fir/ to isolate a virus :i* 0 claim$ to be ! cause ( jaundice4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ by inoculat+ animals ) g]ms tak5 f human be+s suff]+ f ! disease4 7,tr4 p4 #bfie47 ,h[ev]1 consid]able div]g5ce ( op9ion /ill exi/$ z to :e!r jaundice 0 caus$ by bact]ia or a virus4 7,tr4 p4 #cjde47 ,on #a ,june #aidc1 ,grawitz1 ,rei* ,physician ( ! ,,ss1 reque/$ ,himml] to make conc5tration camp inmates available = infection by ,dohm5 ) 8 virus4 ,he /at$ t cases ( dea? among ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 to be anticipat$4 7,,no-#jaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahg47 ,x 0 n /at$ :e!r ! dea?s 7 to be br\ght ab\t = ! purpose ( p]=m+ autopsies 7z 9 ! cases ( ! high-altitude exp]im5ts71 or :e!r !y 7 to be expect$ f ! disease itself 7z 9 ! cases ( ! typhus exp]im5ts74 ,himml] cons5t$ to ! use ( eight ,poli% ,jews1 :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea? 9 ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp1 & to ,dohm5's conduct+ ! exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#jaa1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahh47 ,! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out by ,dohm5 9 ! ,sa*s5haus5 conc5tration camp1 & accord+ to ! affidavit ( ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 "s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects di$ z a result4 7,,no-#cga1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahf47 ,ev5 ! def5se witness ,gutzeit1 :o collaborat$ closely ) ,dohm51 admits t ,dohm5 work$ 9 ,sa*s5haus51 b /at$ t ?is 0 m]ely a ruse to avoid turn+ ov] ! jaundice virus to ,grawitz1 & 9 reality no infection exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$4 7,tr4 p4 #bgbb47 ,gutzeit did n expla91 h[ev]1 :y ,dohm51 :o 0 9 no way subord9at$ to ,grawitz1 %\ld h engag$ 9 su* ridicul\s sci5tific 8horseplay40 7,tr4 p4 #bgeh47 ,9 weigh+ ! cr$ibility ( ! te/imony ( ,gutzeit1 consid]ation %\ld be giv5 to ! fact t he 0 a memb] ( ! ,,ss himself & t he 0 closely associat$ ) ,dohm5 9 8 "w4 7,tr4 p4 #bgfj47 ,9 ,june #aidd1 a conf]5ce ( exp]ts 0 call$ by ,h&los] = ! purpose ( coord9at+ jaundice rese>*4 ,?is conf]5ce took place at ,breslau & 0 presid$ ov] by ,s*reib]4 7,tr4 p4 #gbeb47 ,h&los]1 ,gutzeit1 & ,haag51 a consult+ hygi5i/ ( ! ,air ,fleet1 7 all pres5t at ?is conf]5ce4 7,tr4 p4 #bgag47 ,s*reib] assign$ gr\ps ( physicians to "w toge!r on jaundice problems4 ,dohm51 ,gutzeit1 & ,haag5 7 assign$ to "o ( ^! gr\ps4 7,tr4 p4 #bgag47 ,on #ab ,june #aidd1 ,haag5 himself reque/$ ,s*reib] to assign ,dohm5 to "w ) him4 ,g5]al>zt ,s*reib] at t "t 0 comm&] ( ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy4 7,,no-#bii1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aij47 ,s*reib] compli$ ) ?is reque/4 7,,no-#cjj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aia47 ,on #bd ,june #aidd1 ,gutzeit wrote to ,haag5 t he 0 also reque/+ ,s*reib] to assign ,dohm5 to ,haag54 ,he w5t on to /ate t he 0 mak+ prep>ations = exp]im5ts on human be+s & he want$ ,haag5 to supply him ) 8 virus mat]ial4 7,,no-#abd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aic47 ,haag5 repli$ to ,gutzeit's lett] on #bg ,june #aidd /at+ t he 0 glad t ,dohm5 w\ld be assign$ to him z ( #ae ,july4 ,he fur!r /at$ t he 0 work+ ) ,kalk1 ,bue*n]1 & ,zucks*w]t1 all (fic]s ( ! ,luftwaffe1 on jaundice problems & t he _h arrang$ ) ,kalk to conduct human exp]im5ts ) 8 mat]ial4 7,,no-#abe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aid47 ,on ! same date ,haag5 wrote to 8 collaborator ,kalk1 :o 0 atta*$ to ! /aff ( ! def5dant ,s*ro$]1 /at+ z foll[s3 8,9 ! enclosure ,i s5d y a copy ( a lett] f ,gutzeit & my reply4 ,we mu/ proce$ z soon z possible ) ! exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,^! exp]im5ts1 ( c\rse1 %\ld be c>ri$ out at ,/rasb\rg or 9 its vic9ity4 ,c\ld y 9 y\r (ficial position take ! necess>y /eps to obta9 ! requir$ exp]im5tal subjects8 ,i don't "k :at sort ( subjects ,gutzeit has at 8 disposal1 :e!r !y are soldi]s or o!r p40 7,,no-#abf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aie47 ,! rem>k ab\t 8o!r p0 is an obvi\s ref]5ce to conc5tration camp inmates1 ^u :om ,haag5 _h long s9ce be5 exp]im5t+ ) virul5t typhus virus1 :ile ! ref]5ce to 8,/rasb\rg or 9 its vic9ity01 indicates ! conc5tration camp ,natzweil]4 7,see typhus exp]im5ts supra47 ,h]r ,kalk & 8 *ief1 ! def5dant ,s*ro$]1 7 well advis$ on h[ to procure conc5tration camp inmates = m$ical exp]im5ts because only a few weeks be=e ,s*ro$] himself _h reque/$ inmates f ,himml] = ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#ahe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #acd47 ,! record %[s t ,dohm5 did 9 fact g to ,/rasb\rg to "w ) ,haag5 on ! direct ord]s ( ,s*reib]4 7,tr4 p4 #bgeb47 ,h&los] 0 advis$ ( ?is collaboration ( ,dohm5 & ,haag54 7,tr4 p4 #bgeg47 ,/ill ano!r s]ies ( jaundice exp]im5ts 0 plann$ ) :i* ,h&los] 0 connect$4 ,on #bi ,janu>y #aide ,mrug[sky wrote to ,grawitz z foll[s3 8,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,dresel1 ,director ( ! ,hygi5ic ,in/itute ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig1 has cultivat$ a virus f p]sons suff]+ f hepatitis & succe$$ 9 transplant+ x on animals4 8,x is necess>y to make exp]im5ts on human be+s 9 ord] to det]m9e ! fact t ?is virus is inde$ ! effective virus hepatitis epidemica4 ,! pl5ipot5ti>y = rese>* on epidemics 9 ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil !re=e address$ himself to me ) ! reque/ to c>ry out ! above exp]im5ts4 8,i am ask+ y to obta9 au?orization f ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to c>ry out ! necess>y exp]im5ts on #bj suitable prison]s :o h hi!rto nev] suff]$ f hepatitis epidemica1 at ! typhus exp]im5tal /ation ( ! conc5tration camp 9 ,bu*5wald40 7,,no-#acjc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dfg47 ,! pl5ipot5ti>y = rese>* on epidemics 9 ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil :o reque/$ ^! exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates 0 ,g5]al>zt ,s*reib]1 at ! same "t comm&] ( ,lehrgruppe ,c ( ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy "u ,h&los]4 7,tr4 p4 #edjb47 ,s*reib] _h be5 designat$ by ,h&los] = ! v purpose ( coord9at+ jaundice rese>*1 & ! meet+ 9 ,breslau 0 call$ to t end4 ,9 view ( ?is evid5ce outl9$ above1 x c only be conclud$ t ! jaundice exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out by subord9ates ( ! def5dant ,h&los] ) 8 k & approval4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,s*ro$] 99 99 99 99 99 ,,epidemic ,,jaundice ,,exp]im5ts ,9 ,june #aidd a conf]5ce ( exp]ts 0 call$ = ! purpose ( coord9at+ jaundice rese>*4 ,?is conf]5ce took place at ,breslau & 0 presid$ ov] by ,s*reib]4 7,tr4 p4 #bgeb47 ,h&los]1 ,gutzeit1 & ,haag5 7 all pres5t at ?is conf]5ce4 7,tr4 p4 #bgag47 ,haag5 admitt$ dur+ cross-exam9ation t exp]im5ts on human be+s 7 discuss$4 ,t crim9al exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates 7 discuss$ is cle> f ! fact t ,s*reib] 9 ,janu>y #aide p]sonally reque/$ ,mrug[sky to make available inmates = hepatitis exp]im5ts by ,dr4 ,dresel4 7,,no-#acjc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dfg47 ,s*reib] assign$ gr\ps ( physicians to "w toge!r on jaundice problems4 ,dohm51 ,gutzeit1 & ,haag5 7 assign$ to "o ( ^! gr\ps4 7,tr4 p4 #bgag47 ,on #ab ,june #aidd ,haag5 himself reque/$ ,s*reib] to assign ,dohm5 to "w ) him4 ,g5]al>zt ,s*reib] at t "t 0 comm&] ( ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy "u ,h&los]4 7,,no-#bbi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aij47 ,s*reib] compli$ ) ?is reque/4 7,,no-#cjj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aia47 ,on #bd ,june #aidd ,gutzeit wrote to ,haag5 t he 0 also reque/+ ,s*reib] to assign ,dohm5 to ,haag54 ,he w5t on to /ate t he 0 mak+ prep>ations = exp]im5ts on human be+s & he want$ ,haag5 to supply him ) 8 virus mat]ial4 7,,no-#abd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aic47 ,haag5 repli$ to ,gutzeit's lett] on #bg ,june #aidd /at+ t he 0 glad t ,dohm5 w\ld be assign$ to him z ( #ae ,july4 ,he fur!r /at$ t he 0 work+ ) ,kalk1 ,bue*n]1 & ,zucks*w]t1 all (fic]s ( ! ,luftwaffe1 on jaundice problems & t he _h arrang$ ) ,kalk to conduct human exp]im5ts ) 8 mat]ial4 7,,no-#abe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aid47 ,on ! same date ,haag5 wrote to 8 collaborator ,kalk1 :o 0 a consultant to def5dant ,s*ro$] & a speciali/ on hepatitis 7,tr4 p4 #cfcb71 /at+ z foll[s3 8,9 ! enclosure ,i s5d y a copy ( a lett] f ,gutzeit & my reply4 ,we mu/ proce$ z soon z possible ) ! exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,^! exp]im5ts1 ( c\rse1 %\ld be c>ri$ out at ,/rasb\rg or 9 its vic9ity4 ,c\ld y 9 y\r (ficial position take ! necess>y /eps to obta9 ! requir$ exp]im5tal subjects4 ,i don't "k :at sort ( subjects ,gutzeit has at 8 disposal1 :e!r !y are soldi]s or o!r p40 7,,no-#abf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aie47 ,! rem>k ab\t 8o!r p0 is an obvi\s ref]5ce to conc5tration camp inmates1 ^u :om ,haag5 _h long s9ce be5 exp]im5t+ ) virul5t typhus virus1 :ile ! ref]5ce to 8,/rasb\rg or 9 its vic9ity01 indicates ! conc5tration camp ,natzweil]4 ,! witness ,olga ,ey]1 secret>y to ,haag51 te/ifi$ t prison]s 7 reque/$ = ! epidemic jaundice exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #agei47 ,haag5 w\ld h ! ,tribunal believe t he ref]r$ to ,freiburg & ,heidelb]g :i* are #fj & #ajj kilomet]s respectively f ,/rasb\rg1 :ile ,natzweil] 0 only a few kilomet]s away4 7,tr4 p4 #iegi47 ,h]r ,kalk & 8 *ief1 ! def5dant ,s*ro$]1 7 well advis$ on h[ to procure conc5tration camp inmates = m$ical exp]im5ts because only a few weeks be=e ,s*ro$] himself _h reque/$ inmates f ,himml] = ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#ahe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #acd47 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,h&los]#ed 99 99 99 99 99 ,epidemic ,jaundice 7,hepatitis7 ,! problem ( exp]im5ts 9 ! field ( hepatitis rese>* consi/s 9 f9d+ ! mo/ effici5t treatm5t ( ! disease & id5tify+ ! virus 9 ord] to evolve a vacc9e4 ,discussions ( ?is problem 7 ext5sive dur+ ?is trial4 ,! indictm5t on ?is po9t applies only :5 exp]im5ts on human be+s1 z und]/ood by ! prosecution1 su* z infection ) jaundice g]ms1 c\ld h effects detrim5tal to heal?4 ,on ?is ! exp]ts1 ,pr(essors ,gutzeit & ,rose1 h express$ _! op9ions4 ,pr(essor ,gutzeit1 z "o ( ! =emo/ speciali/s = problems connect$ ) epidemic jaundice1 on ! basis ( 8 ext5sive practical cl9ical exp]i5ce & exp]im5ts on 8 own p]son1 has describ$ ! effects z foll[s3 8,z f> z ,i1 z cl9ical physician1 c judge1 ! developm5t ( vacc9es1 & ( exp]im5ts to ga9 ^! vacc9es1 is h>mless4 ,?is h>mlessness is %[n by ! fact t spontane\s outbreaks ( jaundice are n dang]\s 9 !mselves4 ,l e o!r vacc9e1 a pot5tial vacc9e :i* is be+ develop$ = or aga9/ hepatitis may cause h>mless local reactions on ! place ( vacc9ation40 ,fur!rmore he said1 8x 7epidemic jaundice7 is a h>mless disease0 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #bgfa72 8x has no damag+ aft]-effect on ! liv]40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #bgfc47 ,pr(essor ,rose has express$ 8 exp]t op9ion 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,hepatitis epidemica z su* is n consid]$ a dang]\s disease by hygi5i/s40 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #edcc1 #edcd47 ,!n he cont9ues t naturally1 j z 9 ! case ( a nasal cold1 s 9 ! case ( hepatitis1 complications may arise z aft]-effects1 8b no "o w\ld consid] hepatitis z a dang]\s disease = t reason40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fded47 ,z to ! exp]im5ts1 ,pr(essor ,rose says3 8,9 ,g]many1 exp]im5ts ) hepatitis virus h be5 c>ri$ out by ,epp+]1 ,vogt1 ,ess]1 & ,lembel & no incid5ts occurr$4 ,all exp]im5ts took place )\t ill effects4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 v limit$ exp]im5tal mat]ial1 b mat]ial conc]n+ hundr$s ( cases :i* p]mit a m accurate judgm5t has be5 publi%$ 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,up to date ,i h k ( ab\t #fj exp]im5ts on human be+s = hepatitis & no s+le incid5t has be5 report$ yet40 ,! prosecut+ c\nsel furni%$ no pro( 9 ?is trial t infection exp]im5ts ) jaundice organisms on unwill+ p]sons took place at all 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,:]eas 9 ! case ( ! o!r facts ! prosecution produc$ m$ical records or a witness to prove t su* exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out1 ?is 0 n possible ) reg>d to epidemic jaundice4 ,pro( 0 limit$ to ! pres5tation ( docum5ts :i* "o mu/ admit might h giv5 any layman1 or ev5 a doctor :o 0 n a hygi5i/ or a cl9ical physician1 ! impression t ! exp]im5ts 9 "q mu/ h be5 dang]\s4 ,! lett] ( ,dr4 ,grawitz dat$ #a ,june #aidc to ,himml] 7,,no-#jaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahg7 conta9s ! s5t5ce1 8,we mu/ expect dea?s40 ,accord+ to ! exp]t op9ions express$ by ,rose1 ,gutzeit1 & ,ho]+ ?is view is incorrect & incompreh5sible4 ,! exp]ts exclude 9 practice all possibility ( dea?4 ,rose decl>es 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fdee73 8,grawitz1 :o _h only conc]n$ himself = ye>s ) ! bus9ess ( adm9i/ration1 did n h suffici5t und]/&+ ( ! matt]10 or 8t he 0 cauti\s to an exagg]at$ degree 99 99 9940 ,pr(essor ,gutzeit 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #bgfd7 says ( ,docum5t ,,no-#jaj1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ahg3 8,! only way ,i c expla9 x to myself is t ,grawitz himself 0 n suffici5tly in=m$ ab\t ?is jaundice1 ! c\rse ( ! disease1 & its dang]4 ,c]ta9ly ,grawitz 0 no speciali/ on ?is matt]1 ?is jaundice1 & has = a consid]able "t be5 out ( t\* ) practical m$ic9e40 ,pr(essor ,gutzeit gives ! mortality figure = jaundice z less ?an #j4a p]c5t2 f9ally he decl>es 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #bgfb7 t sev]e pa9 & suff]+1 su* z m5tion$ 9 ! indictm5t1 d n occur :5 a pati5t is inject$ ) jaundice organisms4 ,a layman c also und]/& t ov]-injection c only produce at ! mo/ ! disease itself1 ! effects ( :i* h already be5 repres5t$ z h>mless4 ,z already /at$1 ! prosecution furni%$ no concrete ass]tions t ! int5d$ exp]im5ts 7 made 9 ,sa*s5haus54 ,"h we are speak+ ( ! "t f ,june #aidb4 ,at ?is "t ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,dohm5 0 all[$ to "w 9 ! conc5tration camp at ,sa*s5haus5 9 accordance ) p]mission giv5 by ,himml]4 ,pr(essor ,gutzeit work$ toge!r ) ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,dohm5 ins(> z he conduct$ ! hepatitis rese>* "w f ! cl9ical side1 :ile ,dr4 ,dohm5 0 occupi$ ) basic bact]iological rese>*1 9 ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute :]e he 0 /ation$ at ! "t 9 "q & work$ "u ,pr(essor ,gildemei/]4 ,evid5ce 0 giv5 by ,pr(essor ,rose 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fdfh7 & ,dr4 ,l5tz4 7,rose #af1 ,rose ,ex4 #ab47 ,z a result ( ! mutual ex*ange ( exp]i5ce :i* took place1 we mu/ assume t ,pr(essor ,gutzeit 0 in=m$ ab\t ,dohm5's rese>* "w 9 ?is field4 ,gutzeit also te/ifi$ ^u oa? :at ,dohm5 _h report$ to him ab\t 8 activity 9 ,sa*s5haus54 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,dohm5 0 only able to escape pressure f ,himml] & ,grawitz to leave him 8 bre$+ /ocks by app>5tly acc$+ to ! (f] t he %\ld conduct exp]im5ts 9 ,sa*s5haus51 b 9 actual fact und]tak+ exp]im5ts only on prison]s ( conc5tration camps :i* c\ld be c>ri$ out )\t any risk ( bodily h>m or loss ( life4 ,9 l mann] ! prosecution 0 oblig$ to furni% pro( ) reg>d to ! exp]im5ts ass]t$ to h be5 made on conc5tration camp prison]s 9 ,natzweil]4 ,! only witness provid$ by ! prosecution = ?is1 a woman by ! "n ( ,ey]1 did n confirm :at ! prosecution affirm$1 namely t exp]im5ts int5d$ by ,pr(essor ,haag5 9 ! rese>* into hepatitis _h be5 c>ri$ out 9 ! conc5tration camp at ,natzweil]4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #agfe47 ,dr4 ,cord+ te/ifi$ 9 an affidavit submitt$ by ,pr(essor ,rose3 8,= my tra9+ 9 ! /udy ( hygi5e & bact]iology ,i 0 detail$ 9 ,febru>y #aidd to ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ,/rasb\rg ,univ]sity :]e ,i 0 engag$1 until ! milit>y occupation ( ! t[n on #bc ,novemb] #aidd1 almo/ exclusively on "w connect$ ) hepatitis 7s]ies ( inoculations ( mice & pro( ( virus 9 ! organs ( mice7 "u ,pr(essor ,haag540 99 99 99 99 99 8,x did n come to my e>s t dur+ ! "t ,i 0 9 ,/rasb\rg exp]im5ts ) hepatitis 7 made on human be+s )9 ! framework ( ?is coop]ation4 ,9 ! middle ( ,july #aidd ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,dohm5 w5t f ,giess5 to visit ,pr(essor ,haag5 9 ,/rasb\rg = ab\t #b-c days4 ,dur+ ?is "t he saw = himself 9 ! ,in/itute ! results obta9$ f our rese>* "w 9 hepatitis4 ,he confirm$ t ! results ( 8 exp]im5ts _h be5 simil> b t all 8 rese>* mat]ial _h be5 de/roy$ 9 an air raid on ,b]l94 ,at pres5t he 0 busy 9 ,giess5 mak+ a fre% />t ) 8 own exp]im5ts4 8,i "k = a fact t ,dr4 ,dohm5 0 n 9 ,natzweil] dur+ ! "t ( 8 visit to ,/rasb\rg4 ,i "k no?+ ( any fur!r coop]ation betwe5 ,pr(essor ,haag5 & ,dr4 ,dohm540 ,?us x is prov$ t ,dr4 ,dohm5 0 n at ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp & did n take "p 9 any exp]im5ts on human be+s !re 9 ?is p>ticul> bran* ( m$ic9e4 ,9 correct+ 8 affidavit 7,,no-#cga1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahf7 ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t decl>$ ^u oa? t he _h no k t ^! exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out 9 ,sa*s5haus5 & t "s ( ! prison]s di$4 ,9 l mann] he revok$ 8 evid5ce conc]n+ ! coop]ation ( ,dr4 ,dohm5 & ,dr4 ,haag5 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp & decl>$ t no facts 7 kn[n to him ab\t ?is4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #aiij-aiic47 ,f9ally ,rudolf ,br&t decl>$ 9 8 affidavit 7,h&los] #aa1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #ce7 t no facts 7 kn[n to him f :i* c\ld be d$uc$ t ! def5dant ,h&los] _h any k ( ! exp]im5ts 9 ,sa*s5haus5 & ,natzweil]4 ,if "o also takes into consid]ation ,pr(essor ,gutzeit's te/imony t ,pr(essor ,h&los] _h report$ no?+ ab\t ,dohm5 work+ 9 ! conc5tration camp 9 ,sa*s5haus5 or ( 8 activity !re1 ! foll[+ em]ges3 ,pr(essor ,h&los]'s answ] is correct t he _h no k t exp]im5ts ) epidemic jaundice 7 conduct$ on human be+s 9 ! conc5tration camps ( ,sa*s5haus5 & ,natzweil]4 ,on ! o!r h& ,pr(essor ,h&los] decl>es t he _h a consid]able int]e/ 9 ! hepatitis rese>* "w1 z x is also e/abli%$ t n only 8 consult+ physician ,gutzeit b also num]\s o!r (fices _h conc]n$ !mselves ) hepatitis rese>*4 ,pr(essor ,h&los] gave reasons1 confirm$ by ,pr(essor ,gutzeit1 :y he1 z m$ical (fic] responsible = ! managem5t ( heal? matt]s 9 ! army1 _h ! duty to give importance to ! rese>* 9 ord] to f9d out :at caus$ epidemic jaundice4 ,z f> z ,h&los] knew1 ?is rese>* 0 c>ri$ out 9 accordance ) recogniz$ m$ical practice1 i4 e41 by exp]im5ts on animals & on ! p]sons ( ! exp]im5t]s !mselves2 likewise by unobjectionable cl9ical exam9ations ( human be+s4 ,?is also em]ges f ! hepatitis meet+ ( ,june #aidd 9 ,breslau4 ,pr(essor ,gutzeit also report$ ab\t ?is meet+ & decl>$ ^u oa? t six or sev5 diff]5t hepatitis rese>* work]s _h giv5 reports on _! exp]im5ts & ! results obta9$4 ,no?+ 0 said ab\t exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,f ?is ,pr(essor ,h&los]1 :o took "p 9 ! meet+ :i* includ$ ! milit>y & civilian sector1 mu/ h ga9$ ! impression t rese>* into hepatitis 0 conduct$ 9 a g5]ally recogniz$ m$ical fa%ion4 ,z x c\ld n be e/abli%$ at ?is meet+ :e!r ! organisms br$ by ! v>i\s (fices 7 id5tical1 or :e!r x 0 a "q ( diff]5t viruses 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #bgcg71 ! sugge/ion made by ,g5]al>zt ,dr4 ,s*reib]1 :o z ! delegate ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil = ! combat ( epidemics 0 ! *airman ( ! meet+1 0 to ! po9t & s]v$ ! purpose4 ,8 sugge/ion 0 t v>i\s work+ gr\ps = hepatitis rese>* be =m$ 9 ord] t results obta9$ on ea* side might be comp>$4 ,on bo? direct & cross-exam9ation1 ,pr(essor ,gutzeit gave a conv9c+ explanation = 8 lett] ( #bd ,june #aidd 7,,no-#abd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aic71 9 :i* he speaks ( ! exp]im5ts 8crucis ad hom9em40 ,he decl>$ t he _h prep>$ ) 8 /ud5ts & c&idates a vacc9ation ) ! virus mat]ial plac$ at 8 disposal 9 ,breslau4 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #bgci-bgdj47 ,dr4 ,dohm5's visit to ,/rasb\rg1 :i* 0 reque/$ by ,haag51 0 to h be5 made 9 compliance ) ! sugge/ion ( ,dr4 ,s*reib] to =m a circle ( rese>* gr\ps4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,pros4 ,ex4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#cga #ahf ,affidavit ( def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 #ad #ejc ,octob] #aidf1 conc]n+ exp]im5ts to det]m9e ! cause ( epidemic jaundice4 ,,no-#jaa #ahh ,note f ,himml] to ,grawitz1 #af ,june #aidc1 #ejd conc]n+ epidemic jaundice exp]im5ts at conc5tration camp ,sa*s5haus54 ,,no-#bii #aij ,lett] f ,haag5 to ,s*reib]1 #ab ,june #eje #aidd1 conc]n+ epidemic jaundice exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#abe #aid ,copy ( lett] f ,haag5 to ,gutzeit1 #bg #ejf ,june #aidd1 conc]n+ epidemic jaundice exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,te/imony ,extract f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,k>l ,br&t #ejf ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#cga ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ahf ,,affidavit ,,( ,,def5dant ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #ad ,,octob] #aidf1 ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,to ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,epidemic ,,jaundice ,i1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 be+ duly sworn1 depose & /ate3 99 99 99 99 99 ,exp]im5ts to ,det]m9e ! ,cause ( ,epidemic ,jaundice 7,hepatitis ,epidemica7 #c4 ,ab\t ! middle ( #aidc1 ,dr4 ,grawitz1 ,rei*s>zt ,,ss1 wrote to ,himml] t ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t wi%$ to obta9 prison]s = exp]im5tation on ! causes ( a jaundice epidemic4 ,he _h be5 do+ rese>* on ?is problem ) ! assi/ance ( ,dr4 ,dohm51 a m$ical (fic] atta*$ to ! ,army ,m$ical ,corps & ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute4 ,exp]im5ts _h ?us f> disclos$ t contagi\s jaundice is transf]r$ by a virus & human be+s 7 desir$ = inoculation ) g]ms :i* _h be5 cultivat$ 9 animals4 ,grawitz advis$ t dea? ( "s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects mu/ be expect$4 ,he want$ to "k if ,dr4 ,dohm5 c\ld be p]mitt$ to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts at ! ,sa*s5haus5 conc5tration camp1 z desir$ by ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t4 #d4 ,himml] wrote ,grawitz t ,dr4 ,dohm5 _h 8 p]mission to conduct ! exp]im5ts at ,sa*s5haus51 & = t purpose he _h ,oswald ,pohl ( ! ,,wvha allocate a numb] ( prison]s to be us$ z exp]im5tal subjects4 ,i "k t ^! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out & t "s ( ! prison]s di$ z a result4 #e4 ,dr4 ,eug5 ,haag51 ,ob]/abs>zt & consultant 9 hygi5e = ! ,luftwaffe1 _h also be5 do+ rese>* "w at ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp 9 an ef=t to discov] an effective inoculation aga9/ epidemic jaundice4 ,z ,i recall1 ,dr4 ,dohm5 collaborat$ ) ,haag5 9 #aidd at ,natzweil] & exp]im5ts on involunt>y human be+s 7 conduct$ :i* result$ 9 dea?s4 #f4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 ( c\rse well kn[n to ,k>l ,br&t z he 0 p]sonally fur!r+ !m4 ,h&los] & ,s*ro$] mu/ also h kn[n ( !m because ,dohm5 & ,haag5 7 doctors 9 ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,army & ! ,luftwaffe respectively4 ,g5]al>zt ,paul ,ro/ock 0 also well in=m$ on all rese>* "w ( ?is nature4 ,i h read ! above /atem5t 9 ,g]man1 consi/+ ( two 7#b7 pages1 & x is true & correct to ! be/ ( my k & belief4 ,i h _h ! opportunity to make any *anges & corrections 9 ! =ego+ /atem5t4 ,?is /atem5t 0 giv5 by me freely & volunt>ily1 )\t promise ( rew>d & ,i 0 subject$ to no duress or ?reat ( any k9d4 ,sign$ ,r4 ,,br&t ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jaa ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ahh ,,note ,,f ,,himml] ,,to ,,grawitz1 #af ,,june #aidc1 ,,conc]n+ ,,epidemic ,,jaundice ,,exp]im5ts ,,at ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,sa*s5haus5 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,day ,book ,no #afeb_/dc1 ,,rf_/,,bn ,x,ia-_/-#dc ,field ,h4 ,q41 #af ,june #aidc ,subject3 ,inve/igation ( ! cause ( ! infecti\s jaundice 7hepatitis epidemica7 ,ref]5ce3 ,y\rs ( #a ,june #aidc--;,az43 #dbj_/;,,iv_/#dc--;,di>y ,no4 #f_/dc g4,kdos4 ,top ,secret ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police #d ,copies ,b]l9 #c;d ,copy ,i ackn[l$ge ! receipt ( y\r lett] ( #a ,june #aidc4 #a4 ,i approve t eight crim9als condemn$ 9 ,aus*witz 7eight ,jews ( ! ,poli% resi/ance movem5t condemn$ to dea?7 %\ld be us$ = exp]im5ts4 #b4 ,i agree t ,dr4 ,dohm5 %\ld make ^! exp]im5ts 9 ,sa*s5haus54 #c4 ,i agree ) y\r op9ion t a real fight aga9/ infecti\s jaundice w\ld be ( unhe>d ( value4 ,sign$ ,h4 ,,himml]4 #b4 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl1#ee ,b]l9 ,c>bon copy =w>d$ ) reque/ t y w duly note4 ,signature ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bii ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aij ,,lett] ,,f ,,haag5 ,,to ,,s*reib]1 #ab ,,june #aidd1 ,,conc]n+ ,,epidemic ,,jaundice ,,exp]im5ts #ab ,june #aidd ,g5]al>zt ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*reib] ,academy ( ,milit>y ,m$ic9e ,b]l9 ,,nw ,de> ,g5]al>zt3 ,enclos$ ,i am s5d+ y my hepatitis report = fur!r use4 ,at ! same "t ,i w\ld l to use ?is opportunity to r5ew my invitation to ,/abs>zt ,dohm54 ,s9ce ,i d n "k 8 pres5t address1 may ,i direct ?is invitation to y & sugge/ t ,dr4 ,dohm5 be assign$ to me = sev]al weeks s t we may discov] & possibly "w on que/ions we h 9 common4 ,?is w\ld probably be ! quicke/ way to det]m9e :e!r we h ! same virus or n4 ,a satisfactory date = ,dohm5's visit to beg9 w\ld be #ae ,july4 ,at ! same "t ,i %\ld l to approa* ! subject ( y\r negotiations = mice4 ,my supplies1 & p>ticul>ly my cultures1 are s deplet$ t !y absolutely mu/ be rejuv5at$ & refill$4 ,y told me 9 ,hoh5ly*5 t x is possible = y to secure mice1 ev5 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,may ,i ask y to endeavor to secure = me sev]al ?\s& mice ( bo? sexes1 pref]ably only "y animals4 ,?irdly ,i w\ld l to ask :e!r ! hepatitis rese>* w be c>ri$ on 9 future out ( funds ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil8 ,my funds = ?is bran* are n[ exhau/$ & ,i am fac$ ) ! "q z to :e!r to apply = fur!r funds to my ,m$ical ,*ief ( ! ,luftwaffe or to y4 ,i w\ld be grateful to y to be in=m$ ab\t ?is %ortly4 ,) k9de/ greet+s & complim5ts1 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,v devot$ly y\rs1 ,sign$ ,,haag5 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#abe ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aid ,,copy ,,( ,,lett] ,,f ,,haag5 ,,to ,,gutzeit1 #bg ,,june #aidd1 ,,conc]n+ ,,epidemic ,,jaundice ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,human ,,be+s ,ob]/abs>zt ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,e4 ,haag51 ,consult+ ,hygi5i/ to ! ,air ,fleet ,physician ,rei* ,/rasb\rg1 #bg ,june #aidd ,to3 ,ob]/>zt ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,gutzeit ,consult+ ,physician to ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspector1 ,m$ical ,cl9ic ( ,univ]sity ( ,breslau1 ,hobre*tuf] #d ,my de> colleague ,gutzeit1 ,_m ?anks = y\r lett] ( #bd_/f_/dd4 ,i am glad t ,h]r ,dohm5 w come "h on #ae ,july4 ,we %all !n review all common hepatitis que/ions & p]haps also set up ! exp]im5ts toge!r4 ,i _c at pres5t def9itely answ] y\r inquiry ab\t human exp]im5ts4 ,z y "k1 ,i am work+ ) ,h]r ,kalk1 ,h]r ,bue*n]1 & ,h]r ,zucks*w]t4 ,naturally1 ,i h already arrang$ ) ,h]r ,kalk t we %all und]take t type ( exp]im5t ) our mat]ial4 ,i mu/ !re=e fir/ det]m9e ! po9t ( view ( ! o!rs conc]n$4 ,i %all be v glad to beg9 "w on ! nephritis mat]ial f y\r ,ob]/>zt ,k 787 sic4 ,) be/ greet+s1 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t#ef ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius3 ,! indictm5t m5tions exp]im5ts ) hepatitis4 ,a lett] f ,grawitz to ,himml] says t y fur!r$ ^! exp]im5ts4 ,did y y\rself d any cl9ical "w on ?is "q8 ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t3 ,i nev] did any "w 9 connection ) hepatitis epidemica1 = t w\ld h be5 dur+ ! w>1 z be=e ! w> ?is disease 0 n giv5 mu* importance 9 ,g]many4 ,dur+ ! w> ,i did n deal ) ?is "q because ,i 0 too busy ) o!r ?+s1 & also because su* a purely int]nal disease1 al?\gh p]haps ( int]e/ to ! hygi5i/1 0 relatively un9t]e/+ to me z a surgeon4 ,q4 ,did y allocate rese>* assignm5ts on ?is subject8 ,h[ ab\t ,dr4 ,dohm58 ,a4 ,i d n "k :y ,i %\ld h giv5 a rese>* assignm5t to ,dr4 ,dohm54 ,( c\rse ! "q ( hepatitis 0 a "q :i* int]e/$ ev]yone1 = x 0 enc\nt]$ ev]y:]e 9 ! ,ea/4 ,b1 = t reason ,i w\ld n h giv5 special att5tion to t disease4 ,x _h no relation to o!r ?+s :i* 7 ( m int]e/ to me z a surgeon4 ,i "k ! lett]4 ,i 0 told ab\t x la/ ye>4 ,i saw x "h aga9 = ! fir/ "t ?is ye>4 ,x says t ,i _h ask$ ,grawitz to h special hepatitis "w c>ri$ out by ,dr4 ,dohm54 ,dr4 ,dohm51 ! lett] goes on1 0 to obta9 sev5 or eight prison]s = t purpose & ! lives ( ^! prison]s w\ld be endang]$4 ,x is n cle> to me 9 :at connection1 & = :at reason1 my "n 0 m5tion$ z ! in/igator ( hepatitis rese>*1 = 9 all ! re/ ( ! correspond5ce1 & 9 all ! o!r docum5ts1 !re is n ev5 ! slighte/ h9t t ,i _h any p>ticul> int]e/ 9 ?is "q1 or t ,i 0 s int]e/$ t ,i w\ld h />t$ ! rese>*4 ,i nev] really knew t ! exp]im5ts 7 actually c>ri$ out1 & ,i nev] receiv$ any report ( results4 ,!re are indications contr>y to ! s5se ( ?is lett]1 especially :5 x says ^! exp]im5ts are to be c>ri$ out on p]sons condemn$ to dea?4 ,hepatitis epidemica is n a disease z dang]\s z all t4 ,i h inquir$ mean:ile1 & "k t comp>$ ) mal>ia1 = example1 x is only ab\t a fif? or a t5? z dang]\s4 ,i h already discuss$ today my relation%ip ) ,himml] & ) ,grawitz4 ,i did n inv5t t2 t 0 actually ! tru?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is int]e/+ to note t 9 all ! correspond5ce conc]n+ hepatitis1 "o ye> lat]1 aft] ! fir/ lett] fail$ to h ! desir$ effect1 ,pr(essor ,s*reib] s\ght a way to approa* ,himml] 9 ord] to h hepatitis rese>* "w cont9u$4 ,s*reib] 0 ! deputy = epidemic control 9 ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 s t ,i may assume t1 = "s reason :i* is n q de> to me1 ,grawitz possibly confus$ ,s*reib] & me 9 ! fir/ lett]4 ,t is conceivable4 ,! lett] is dat$ #a ,june #aidc4 ,a %ort "t be=e t !re 0 a meet+ ( ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy1 & probably ,grawitz1 :o 0 pres5t1 talk$ to ,s*reib] z well4 ,9 any case ,i am n able to give any in=mation ab\t ?is "q ( hepatitis1 & c]ta9ly n ab\t any exp]im5ts :i* actually took place4 ,i h no in=mation2 ,i receiv$ no report2 & ,i h n he>d f any o!r s\rce ev5 n[ t ^! exp]im5ts 7 really conduct$4 ,x seems to me significant t ! witness ,s*midt1 :o 0 he>d "h1 te/ifi$ t ! exp]im5ts 7 c]ta9ly n conduct$ 9 ,/rasb\rg1 z ,dohm51 :o want$ to conduct !m1 0 !re = only two or ?ree days himself4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #ed ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ad-ae ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajhah-ajhdi4 #ee ,def5dant 9 ,case ( ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,oswald ,pohl1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,v4 #ef ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g ,feb4 #aidg1 pp4 #bcja-bffa4 #i4 ,,typhus ,,& ,,o!r ,,vacc9e ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,s*ro$]1 ,g5zk51 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,siev]s1 ,rose1 ,beck]-,freys5g & ,hov5 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ typhus exp]im5ts 7p>4 #f 7,j7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,9 ! indictm5t1 8spott$ fev]0 0 us$ = ! ,g]man ^w 8,fleckfieb]01 b lat] ?is 0 translat$ z 8typhus04 7,see also judgm5t1 ,vol4 ,,ii47 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,h&los]1 ,s*ro$]1 ,g5zk51 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,siev]s1 ,rose1 & ,hov5 7 convict$1 & ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,ro/ock1 ,gebh>dt1 ,popp5dick1 & ,beck]-,freys5g 7 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! typhus exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 ! f9al briefs aga9/ ! def5dants ,mrug[sky & ,s*ro$]4 ,extracts f !m are set =? bel[ on pages #ejh to #ebh4 ,! extract ( ! prosecution brief aga9/ ,mrug[sky summ>izes evid5ce conc]n+ exp]im5ts ) old blood plasma1 blood transfusions1 & )drawal ( blood f inmates ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp = ! purpose ( manufactur+ a typhus convalesc5t s]um4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! clos+ brief = ! def5dant ,rose & ! f9al plea & clos+ brief = ! def5dant ,mrug[sky4 ,^! appe> bel[ on pages #ebh to #eed4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #eee to #fca4 b4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky ,typhus & ,o!r ,vacc9e ,exp]im5ts ,! attack aga9/ ,russia 9 #aida gave rise to _m milit>y m$ical problems1 n ! lea/ ( :i* 0 typhus4 ,! disease rea*$ s]i\s proportions 9 ! fall ( #aida1 & typhus vacc9es 7 s sc>ce t only doctors1 nurses1 & o!r m$ical p]sonnel 9 expos$ positions c\ld be giv5 inoculations4 7,tr4 pp4 #cafj-cafa47 ,"o ( ! mo/ important problems ) respect to ! increas$ production ( typhus vacc9es 0 ! effectiv5ess ( ! s-call$ ,cox-,haag5-,gildemei/] vacc9e1 :i* 0 produc$ f egg-yolk cultures4 ,! effective ,weigl vacc9e1 produc$ f ! inte/9es ( lice1 0 available1 b its manufacture 0 exp5sive & complicat$4 ,! egg-yolk vacc9e 0 relatively simple to produce b its protective qualities 7 n reg>d$ z hav+ be5 suffici5tly prov$4 7,,no-#gcb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dea47 ,! entry = #bi ,decemb] #aida 9 ! ,d+ di>y proves t a conf]5ce 0 held on t date betwe5 ,h&los]1 z ,army ,m$ical ,inspector2 ,conti1 ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior2 ,reit]1 ( ! ,public ,heal? ,dep>tm5t2 ,gildemei/]1 ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute2 & ,mrug[sky1 ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg47 ,at ! conf]5ce x 0 decid$ t ! typhus vacc9e f egg yolks 0 to be te/$ on human be+s to det]m9e its efficacy4 ,on ! same day an e>li] conf]5ce 0 held :i* discuss$ ! same problem4 ,x took place at ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior1 & 0 att5d$ by ,bieb] ( ! ,int]ior2 ,gildemei/]2 repres5tatives ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t 9 ,occupi$ ,pol&2 (ficials ( ! ,behr+ ,works ( ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b51 & ,ob]/abs>zt ,s*olz1 ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 ,! m9utes ( ?is conf]5ce /ate t3 8,! vacc9e :i* is pres5tly be+ produc$ by ! ,behr+ ,works f *ick5 eggs %all be te/$ = its effectiv5ess 9 an exp]im5t4 ,= ?is purpose ,dr4 ,bieb] w contact ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,mrug[sky40 ,s9ce ,mrug[sky 0 n pres5t at ?is conf]5ce1 x is obvi\s t o!r conf]5ces took place 9 :i* ?is matt] 0 discuss$ ) him1 :i* is corroborat$ 9 ! entry ( ! ,d+ di>y ref]r$ to above4 ,z a result ( ! decision rea*$ at ^! conf]5ces1 ! exp]im5tal /ation 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp "u ,,ss ,/urmfuehr]1 lat] ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+-,s*ul] 7h]e9aft] ref]r$ to z 8,d+07 0 e/abli%$4 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg2 ,tr4 p4 #aaed47 ,! *>ts drawn by ! def5dant ,mrug[sky1 among o!r pro(1 %[ t ! exp]im5tal /ation 9 ,bu*5wald 0 subord9at$ to ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss "u ,mrug[sky f ! date ( its e/abli%m5t until ! end ( ! w>4 7,,no-#daf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bb2 ,,no-#dag1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bc47 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( #aidc1 ! rese>* /ation 9 ,bu*5wald 0 (ficially call$ ! 8,dep>tm5t ( ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*0 ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,block #df1 ! s-call$ ,cl9ical ,block1 ) ! exception ( a few exp]im5ts e>ly 9 #aidb4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aidc a vacc9e production dep>tm5t 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,block #ej4 ,bo? ,blocks #df & #ej 7 "p ( ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*4 ,! def5dant ,hov5 0 ! deputy to ,d+ 9 bo? blocks4 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg2 ,tr4 pp4 #aaee-aaef47 ,crim9al exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates )\t _! cons5t 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,block #df to te/ typhus1 yell[ fev]1 smallpox1 typhoid1 p>a-typhoid ,a & ,b1 *ol]a1 & diph!ria vacc9es4 ,! typhus exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald 7 c>ri$ out on a v l>ge scale & result$ 9 _m dea?s4 ,! mann] ( execution & ! results ( ! exp]im5ts are prov$ 9 great detail by ! ,d+ di>y & ! te/imony ( ,kogon z well z o!r evid5ce4 ,! fir/ exp]im5t began on #f ,janu>y #aidb ) ! vacc9ation ( #ace inmates ) ! ,weigl1 ,cox-,haag5-,gildemei/]1 ,behr+ ,normal1 or ,behr+ ,/rong vacc9es4 ,all vacc9ations 7 complet$ by #a ,febru>y4 ,on #c ,m>* #aidb1 all ( ! vacc9at$ subjects & #aj inmates :o _h n be5 vacc9at$ 7kn[n z ! 8control gr\p07 7 artificially infect$ ) virul5t virus ( ,rickettsia-,pr[azeki furni%$ by ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute4 ,! exp]im5t 0 conclud$ on #ai ,april #aidb4 ,five dea?s occurr$1 ?ree 9 ! control gr\p & two among ! vacc9at$ subjects4 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg2 ,mrug[sky #aj1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #bj47 ,9 lat] exp]im5ts ! numb] ( exp]im5tal subjects usually v>i$ betwe5 #dj & #fj1 b ! proportion ( control subjects 0 increas$4 ,approximately two-?irds ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 vacc9at$ :ile "o-?ird rema9$ )\t protection4 ,a few weeks aft] vacc9ation1 all exp]im5tal subjects 7 artificially infect$ ) typhus4 ,! c\rse ( ! disease 0 !n obs]v$ 9 ! protect$ & control gr\ps & ! effectiv5ess ( ! vacc9e 0 det]m9$4 7,tr4 p4 #aafh47 ,!rapeutic exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ 9 ! same mann] ) v>i\s drugs4 ,= example1 betwe5 #bd ,april & #a ,june #aidc1 exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ to te/ ! effect ( acrid9e granulate & rut5ol on typhus4 ,( a total ( #ci inmates us$1 #ba di$4 7,,no-#ehb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhf47 ,artificial infection 0 accompli%$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! sk9 0 lac]at$ & infect$ ) a typhus culture4 ,contagi\s lice 7 us$ to a limit$ ext5t4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 h[ev]1 infection 0 br\ght ab\t by ! intrav5\s or intramuscul> injection ( fre% blood conta9+ ! typhus virus4 ,= ! sole purpose ( ma9ta9+ a con/ant s\rce ( infect$ fre% blood1 #c to #e inmates p] mon? 7 artificially infect$ ) typhus4 ,! use ( ^! s-call$ 8passage p]sons0 began at lea/ z e>ly z ,april #aidc & cont9u$ until ,m>* #aide4 ,sub/antially all ( !m di$4 ,^! victims 7 s mu* 8a matt] ( c\rse0 t _! fatalities 7 n includ$ by ,d+ 9 8 di>y4 7,tr4 pp4 #aafh-aaga47 ,an analysis ( ! ,d+ di>y proves t a total ( #gbi inmates 7 exp]im5t$ on ) typhus1 ( :om #aed di$4 ,to ^! figures mu/ be add$ ! passage p]sons1 ( :om betwe5 #ij & #abj di$4 ,s mu* = ! cold /ati/ics ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,block #df1 :]e ! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out1 0 a horror = e inmate ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 ,ev]yone select$ = ! exp]im5ts expect$ to die a sl[ & frightful dea?4 ,! man-to-man passage ( ! typhus virus creat$ a =m ( 8sup]0 typhus4 7,tr4 p4 #aafh47 ,:ile typhus normally has a mortality ( ab\t #cj p]c5t 9 unprotect$ cases1 9 an exp]im5t on #ac ,april #aidc five out ( six p]sons infect$ di$4 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg47 ,_m ( ! exp]im5tal subjects became deliri\s4 7,tr4 pp4 #aagb1 #aagc47 ,9 ! exp]im5ts ) acrid9e & rut5ol1 ! subjects vomit$ up to sev5 times a day4 ,bron*ial pneumonia1 nephritis1 inte/9al ble$+1 subcutane\s phlegmones bel[ ! l>ynx1 p>otitis1 gangr5e ( ! %ank1 furunculosis1 bron*itis1 & decubital sores develop$ z a result ( ?is treatm5t4 7,,no-#ehb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhf47 ,exp]im5tal subjects :o surviv$ & _h a light] c\rse ( ! disease because ! vacc9e ) :i* !y 7 vacc9at$ 0 effective 7 =c$ to wat* ! dea? /ruggle ( _! fell[ inmates4 ,!re 0 an iron discipl9e 9 ,block #df1 ! cat-o'-n9e-tails rul$ supreme1 & ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 completely depriv$ ( ! la/ ve/ige ( p]sonal fre$om :i* !y _h 9 ! camp4 7,tr4 pp4 #aagb1 #aagc47 ,x is h>dly necess>y to /ate t ! exp]im5tal subjects us$ 9 ! typhus1 z well z all o!r exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald1 7 n volunte]s4 ,"o does n normally volunte] to be kill$4 ,9 ! fir/ s]ies ( typhus exp]im5ts1 a numb] ( inmates 7 dup$ into submitt+ aft] be+ told x 0 a h>mless affair & t !y w\ld get additional food4 ,!y 7 n in=m$ t !y w\ld be artificially infect$ ) typhus nor t !y might die4 7,tr4 p4 #aafb2 see also ! te/imony ( ,kogon 9 ,case #d1eg ,tr4 pp4 #gca1 #gcb2 ,,no-#cfhj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ecf47 ,^! subjects _c be describ$ z volunte]s4 ,aft] ! fir/ few exp]im5ts1 x 0 no long] possible to deceive inmates into (f]+ !mselves = ! exp]im5ts4 ,!reaft]1 up until ab\t ! fall ( #aidc1 exp]im5tal subjects 7 *os5 arbitr>ily f among ! inmates1 :e!r crim9als1 political prison]s1 or homosexuals4 ,intrigue among ! prison]s !mselves sometimes play$ a role 9 ! selection4 ,9 ! fall ( #aidc1 ! camp adm9i/ration no long] desir$ to take ! responsibility = ! selection ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,d+ no long] 0 satisfi$ ) v]bal ord]s f ,mrug[sky to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts & he ask$ = writt5 ord]s4 ,he approa*$ ,mrug[sky ) ! reque/ t ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss %\ld appo9t ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,accord+ to a directive f ,himml] to ,nebe ( ! ,rei* crim9al police1 only ^? inmates 7 to be us$ :o _h be5 conf9$ = #aj ye>s or m4 ,!reaft]1 mo/ ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 habitual crim9als1 _m ( :om 7 transport$ to ,bu*5wald f o!r camps4 ,b political prison]s 7 /ill includ$ because !y 7 9 disfavor ) ! camp adm9i/ration or because ( camp intrigues4 ,none ( ! exp]im5tal inmates _h be5 condemn$ to dea?1 except a few ,russian prison]s ( w> :o _h n be5 tri$ or s5t5c$4 ,!y 7 f "s #i1ejj ,russian prison]s ( w> :o 7 kill$ 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects 7 g5]ally 9 good physical condition4 7,tr4 pp4 #aafb1 #aafc47 ,! exp]im5tal subjects includ$ n only ,g]mans1 b also ,poles1 ,russians1 & ,fr5*m51 z well z prison]s ( w>4 ,! te/imony ( ,kogon is applicable n only to ! typhus exp]im5ts b to ! o!r exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald z well4 7,tr4 p4 #aafg47 ,?is te/imony ( ,kogon is corroborat$ by ! lett] f ,himml] to ! ,*ief ( ! ,security ,police dat$ #bg ,febru>y #aidd4 ,he said3 8,i agree t pr(essional prison]s be tak5 = exp]im5ts ) ! typhus vacc9e4 ,b only ^? pr(essional crim9als %\ld be *os5 :o h s]v$ m ?an t5 ye>s 9 prison2 t is1 n ) t5 prior convictions b ) a total p5alty ( t5 ye>s4 8,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,nebe is to sup]vise ! disposal ( ^! inmates4 ,i don't wi% ! physician to pick out inmates )\t my c\nt]-control40 7,,no-#aahi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dga47 ,! same docum5t %[s t ,mrug[sky receiv$ a copy ( ?is decision on *ange 9 proc$ure & t x _h be5 arriv$ at aft] a conf]5ce betwe5 ,mrug[sky & ,nebe4 ,! te/imony ( ,kogon is fur!r corroborat$ by ! witness ,kir*heim] 7,tr4 pp4 #acba-accb7 & ! affidavit ( ,hov54 7,,no-#dbi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bha47 ,! def5se has conte/$ ! au!nticity ( ! ,d+ di>y4 ,x is impossible to det]m9e f ! record precisely :at _! position is 9 t reg>d4 ,t ! di>y does n consi/ ( entries made day by day is obvi\s f ! face ( ! docum5t itself4 ,x is r a docum5t :i* p]iodically summ>izes ! exp]im5ts :i* 9 _m cases la/$ sev]al mon?s4 ,d+ also kept a daily di>y & "w reports4 7,tr4 p4 #abbf47 ,^! obvi\sly =m ! basis ( ! di>y 9 evid5ce4 ,! def5se lays great /ress on ! fact t page "o ( ! di>y 0 typ$ ) an old] ribbon ?an pages two et seq41 & h5ce 0 probably typ$ lat]4 ,! prosecution has no qu>rel ) t4 ,kogon gave ! v obvi\s explanation t ! page 0 probably re-typ$ :5 ! "n ( ! exp]im5tal /ation 0 designat$ z ! 8,dep>tm5t = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*04 7,tr4 p4 #abbh47 ,at be/1 ! reasons = re-typ+ pages are n[ a matt] ( %e] speculation4 ,no valid inf]5ce c be drawn f t fact alone4 ,! ,d+ di>y 0 tak5 by ,kogon f ,bu*5wald4 ,x 0 9 8 exclusive possession until deliv]$ to ! ,(fice ( ,*ief ( ,c\nsel = ,w> ,crimes4 ,he te/ifi$ t he did n alt] ! docum5t 9 any respect & t ! signatures ( ,d+1 & lat] ,s*ul]1 are g5u9e4 7,tr4 pp4 #aafd-aaff47 ,he _h no motive = *ang+ ! di>y4 ,! docum5t 0 au!nticat$ by ! prosecution z be+ 9 ! same condition z :5 receiv$4 ,! exp]ts ( ! def5se e/abli%$ t ! docum5t 0 writt5 on ! same typewrit] ) ! same k9d ( pap]4 ,mrug[sky admitt$ t ,d+'s signature is on sub/antially all ( ! pages ( ! di>y4 7,tr4 p4 #edaj47 ,!re is no cont5tion !y h be5 =g$4 ,a comp>ison ( ! admitt$ly g5u9e signature ( ,d+ on a vacc9ation *>t 7,,no-#egh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhd71 & ( ,s*ul] on an affidavit sign$ by him aft] ! w> 7,,no-#beg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhc71 ) ! signatures ( ,d+-,s*ul] 9 ! di>y prove beyond any d\bt t ! signatures are au!ntic4 ,! def5se has n e/abli%$ a s+le inaccuracy 9 ! ,d+ di>y4 ,! prosecution1 on ! o!r h&1 has prov$ ! detail$ accuracy ( ! di>y "t & aga9 by ! introduction ( indep5d5t docum5ts4 ,x w suffice to cite a few examples4 ,! "w report ( ! 8,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*0 = ! ye> #aidc1 :i* 0 s5t to ,mrug[sky1 sub/antiates ! correspond+ entries 9 ! di>y 9 e detail4 7,,no-#ega1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhe47 ,! pap] writt5 by ,d+ on ! treatm5t ( typhus ) acrid9e d]ivatives1 approv$ by ,mrug[sky1 *ecks to ! la/ detail ) ! exp]im5t report$ by ! entries 9 ! di>y = #bd ,april & #a ,june #aidc4 7,,no-#ehb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhf47 ,mrug[sky's lett] ( #e ,may #aidb to ,conti1 ,grawitz1 ,g5zk51 ,gildemei/]1 ,ey]1 & ,demnitz report+ on a typhus vacc9e exp]im5t is 9 fact a description ( ! fir/ exp]im5tal s]ies 9 ,bu*5wald z giv5 9 ! di>y4 ,?is 0 a docum5t submitt$ by ! def5se4 7,mrug[sky #aj1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #bj47 ,mrug[sky admitt$ he 0 report+ on t exp]im5t4 7,tr4 p4 #edad47 ,! entry 9 ! di>y = #ai ,augu/ #aidb conc]n+ ! te/+ ( ! ,bu*>e/ ,cantacuz9o vacc9e made available by ,rose1 is corroborat$ by ,mrug[sky's lett] to ,rose1 dat$ #af ,may #aidb1 ask+ = ! vacc9es4 7,,no-#aged1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dia47 ,! entry = #h ,m>* #aidd conc]n+ ! exp]im5ts ) ! ,ips5 ,cop5hag5 vacc9e1 :i* ! di>y %[s 7 sugge/$ by ,rose1 is sub/antiat$ by ,rose's lett] to ,mrug[sky ( #b ,decemb] #aidc 7,,no-#aahf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dib71 & by ,loll+'s lett] to ,grawitz ( #ad ,febru>y #aidd4 7,,no-#aahh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dgj2 see also1 ,,no-#aahi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dga47 ,! yell[ fev] vacc9e exp]im5ts report$ 9 ! di>y on #aj ,janu>y #aidc are dealt ) 9 a lett] f ! ,behr+ ,works to ,mrug[sky dat$ #e ,janu>y #aidc4 7,,no-#acje1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dfi47 ,! phosphorus bomb exp]im5ts are not$ 9 ! ,d+ di>y "u ! dates ( #ai to #be ,novemb] #aidc4 ,! report on ^! exp]im5ts dat$ #b ,janu>y #aidd %[s ! burn+ ( inmates began on #ai ,novemb] & end$ on #be ,novemb] #aidc4 7,,no-#egi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhh47 ,z to ! conf]5ce held on #bi ,decemb] #aida report$ 9 ! ,d+ di>y1 ,mrug[sky made ! foll[+ /atem5t 9 a pre-trial int]rogation3 8,i rememb] t meet+ & x occurr$ to me t !re 7 pres5t ,s*reib]1 ,gildemei/]1 ,d+1 & myself40 ,mrug[sky admitt$ 9 op5 c\rt hav+ made su* a /atem5t4 7,tr4 p4 #echj47 ,! above analysis ( ! au!nticity & accuracy ( ! ,d+ di>y1 :ile n exhau/ive1 suffices to %[ t ! def5se objection to ?is docum5t is completely )\t m]it4 ,!re is sc>cely a l9e 9 ! :ole di>y :i* has n be5 sub/antiat$ ei!r by docum5ts or te/imony4 ,! di>y mu/ be accept$ z accurate 9 its entirety4 ,!re is no basis :atev] = accept+ "s entries & reject+ o!rs4 ,! def5se has pres5t$ no cr$ible evid5ce ( any inaccuracies4 ,! liv+ record ( ! deceas$ ,d+ is ! be/ evid5ce ( :at actually happ5$4 ,o!r vacc9e exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! exp]im5tal /ation 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,on reque/ ( ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate ( ! ,army1 yell[ fev] vacc9e conta9+ a live virus 0 te/$ 9 a l>ge-scale exp]im5t on inmates :i* began on #aj ,janu>y #aidc4 ,! arrangem5ts 7 made by ,s*reib] ?r\gh ! def5dant ,mrug[sky4 7,,no-#acje1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dfi47 ,a v l>ge numb] ( inmates 7 vacc9at$ betwe5 #ac ,janu>y & #ag ,may #aidc at :i* "t production ( ! yell[ fev] vacc9e 0 ab&on$ because ( ! milit>y situation 9 ,nor? ,africa4 ,! results ( ^! exp]im5ts 7 s5t to ,amt ,,xvi 9 ! ,,ss ,op]ational ,headqu>t]s1 :i* 0 ! hygi5e (fice "u ,mrug[sky1 & to ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg47 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( #aidc1 ,mrug[sky conf]r$ ) ,h&los] conc]n+ multiple vacc9ations4 7,tr4 p4 #cjfd47 ,!re c be no d\bt t ?is 0 ! motivation = ! l>ge scale vacc9ation exp]im5ts on #de inmates ( ,bu*5wald betwe5 #bd ,m>* & #bj ,april #aidc1 z set =? 9 ! ,d+ di>y4 ,ea* p]son 0 vacc9at$ on eight diff]5t days )9 f\r weeks aga9/ smallpox1 typhoid1 typhus1 p>a-typhoid ,a & ,b1 *ol]a1 & diph!ria4 ,! report on ^! exp]im5ts 0 s5t to ,mrug[sky's (fice4 ,kogon te/ifi$ t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 giv5 p>a-typhoid bacilli 9 potato salad4 ,he also /at$ t ! exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald ) diseases o!r ?an typhus result$ 9 dea?s1 al?\gh relatively few]4 7,tr4 pp4 #aahb1 #aahc47 ,mrug[sky w\ld h ! ,tribunal believe t he is 9 no way responsible = ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,d+ & ,hov5 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 ,he te/ifi$1 9 effect1 t ,d+ 0 directly subord9at$ to ,grawitz z f> z ! exp]im5ts 7 conc]n$4 7,tr4 p4 #ejfg47 ,:ile he did admit t ,d+ 0 subord9at$ to him = purposes ( vacc9e production 9 ,block #ej 9 ,bu*5wald1 he said he _h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out 9 ,block #df4 ,! same cont5tion 0 made by ! def5dant ,g5zk54 ,mrug[sky te/ifi$ t he 0 outrag$ by ! idea ( exp]im5t+ on human be+s s9ce he 0 ( ! op9ion t human life is sacr$4 7,tr4 p4 #ejff47 ,! pro(1 h[ev]1 is ov]:elm+ t ,mrug[sky ord]$ ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,d+ 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,9 8 own pre-trial affidavit ,mrug[sky /at$ t ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 9 ,bu*5wald 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( #aidb by ,g5zk54 ,he admitt$ t z ,*ief ( ,amt ,,xvi 7hygi5e7 9 ! ,,ss ,op]ational ,headqu>t]s & z ,*ief ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 he 0 ! imm$iate sup]ior ( ,d+4 ,he /at$ fur!r t exp]im5ts on inmates 7 c>ri$ out by ,d+ 9 ord] to det]m9e ! effect ( v>i\s typhus vacc9es4 ,he admitt$ he obta9$ full k ( ! "w ( ,d+2 t he receiv$ reports f him on ! exp]im5ts1 includ+ ! dea? rates1 & t he in=m$ ,g5zk54 7,,no-#dbc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhb47 ,! two *>ts drawn by ! def5dant ,mrug[sky cle>ly %[ t ! exp]im5tal /ation 9 ,bu*5wald "u ,d+ 0 directly subord9at$ to ,mrug[sky f ! "t ( its e/abli%m5t until ! collapse ( ,g]many4 7,,no-#daf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bb2 ,,no-#dag1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bc47 ,mrug[sky admitt$ ,d+'s connection ) ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss on cross-exam9ation4 7,tr4 p4 #ecga47 ,! pre-trial affidavit ( ! def5dant ,hov5 :o 0 deputy to ,d+ & c]ta9ly 9 a position to "k ! facts1 /ates t ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss "u ,mrug[sky receiv$ all ! reports on ! exp]im5ts 9 ,block #df & t ,d+ receiv$ ord]s directly f ,mrug[sky4 ,hov5 outl9$ ! *a9 ( comm& z3 ,grawitz1 ,g5zk51 ,mrug[sky1 & ,d+4 ,d+ w5t to ,b]l9 = discussions ) ,mrug[sky ne>ly e second week4 ,mrug[sky visit$ ! home ( ,d+ on "o ( 8 trips to ,bu*5wald4 7,,no-#dbi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bha47 ,kogon te/ifi$ t ,d+ report$ p]sonally to ,mrug[sky on ! exp]im5ts1 & :5 he did n g to ,b]l9 himself1 he report$ regul>ly e ?ree mon?s 9 writ+4 7,tr4 pp4 #aaee-aahf47 ,! reports on ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out 9 ,block #df 7 s5t to ,mrug[sky 9 ,b]l94 7,tr4 p4 #aafj47 ,d+'s (ficial correspond5ce 0 prim>ily ) ,mrug[sky4 7,tr4 p4 #aaeg47 ,! in/ructions = ! execution ( ! exp]im5ts came f ,mrug[sky4 7,tr4 pp4 #aafc1 #abai47 ,9 ! late summ] ( #aidc ,mrug[sky became ! sole *ief ( ,d+ & issu$ all ord]s to him4 7,tr4 p4 #abjb47 ,mrug[sky occupi$ su* an important position t x w\ld h be5 dang]\s = ,d+ to contact ,grawitz ov] 8 head4 7,tr4 p4 #abda47 ,mrug[sky visit$ ! exp]im5tal block 9 ,bu*5wald on sev]al occasions4 7,tr4 pp4 #abdd1 #abde2 ,tr4 p4 #acbi47 ,! pro( outl9$ above z to ,mrug[sky's responsibility is repeat$ly support$ by docum5t>y evid5ce4 ,d+'s "w report = ! ye> #aidc1 :i* li/s ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out 9 ,block #df1 0 s5t to ,mrug[sky & c>ri$ ! lett]head 8,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*1 ,weim>-,bu*5wald40 7,,no-#ega1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhe47 ,?is "w report cov]s ! exp]im5ts 9 ,block #df & ! production ( vacc9es 9 ,block #ej1 :i* conclusively proves t ,mrug[sky's ass]tion t 8 responsibility 0 limit$ to ,block #ej is completely false4 ,! same report %[s t ,mrug[sky inspect$ ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* 9 ,bu*5wald on #c ,septemb] #aidc1 & t ,d+ _h sev]al conf]5ces ) ,mrug[sky4 ,mrug[sky's own secret>y admitt$ t ,d+'s reports ab\t 8 exp]im5ts on inmates w5t via ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss to ,grawitz4 7,mrug[sky #ch1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #ac47 ,mrug[sky receiv$ ,d+'s report on ! treatm5t ( typhus ) acrid9e d]ivatives4 7,,no-#ehb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhf47 ,?is report speaks ( cl9ical te/s on human be+s :o 7 afflict$ ) typhus1 b ,mrug[sky knew t ,d+ exp]im5t$ by artificially infect+ ! subjects4 7,tr4 p4 #ejff47 ,! report %[s on its face t #ba ( ! exp]im5tal subjects di$ & t ! inmates :o surviv$ _h to fight sev]e complications ( ! disease4 ,?is same exp]im5tal s]ies is report$ 9 ! ,d+ di>y "u ! entries = #bd ,april & #a ,june #aidc4 ,! fir/ exp]im5tal s]ies on typhus c>ri$ out 9 ,bu*5wald betwe5 #f ,janu>y & #ai ,april #aidb 9 :i* #ade inmates 7 us$ z exp]im5tal subjects 0 ! basis ( a report by ,mrug[sky to ,conti1 ,grawitz1 ,g5zk51 ,ey]1 & ,demnitz1 dat$ #e ,may #aidb4 7,mrug[sky #aj1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #bj47 ,five ( ! subjects di$ z a result ( ^! exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg47 ,! exp]im5ts ) ! ,cantacuz9o vacc9e f ,bu*>e/1 report$ 9 ! ,d+ di>y "u ! entry = #ai ,augu/ #aidb1 7 ord]$ by ,mrug[sky4 ,?is vacc9e 0 furni%$ by ! def5dant ,rose1 :o reque/$ ,mrug[sky to arrange = ! exp]im5ts4 ,on #af ,may #aidb ,mrug[sky wrote to ,rose /at+ t ,grawitz _h cons5t$ to ! execution ( ! exp]im5ts & t ! vacc9e %\ld be s5t to him 7,mrug[sky74 ,he also agre$ to conduct exp]im5ts to det]m9e :e!r ! l\se c\ld be infect$ by a vacc9at$ typhus pati5t4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 necessitat$ ! infection ( ! exp]im5tal subject ) typhus4 7,,no-#aged1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dia47 ,z a result ( ^! exp]im5ts1 f\r ( ! subjects di$4 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg47 ,! typhus exp]im5tal s]ies ,no4 ,,viii1 dur+ :i* ! ,ips5 vacc9e f ,cop5hag5 0 te/$1 0 also ord]$ by ! def5dant ,mrug[sky4 ,on #b ,decemb] #aidc ,rose ask$ ,mrug[sky to h ! ,ips5 vacc9e te/$ 9 ,d+'s exp]im5tal /ation 9 ,bu*5wald4 7,,no-#aahf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dib47 ,mrug[sky expressly d5i$1 dur+ cross-exam9ation1 t he 0 ev] approa*$ by ,rose to h ! ,cop5hag5 ,ips5 vacc9e te/$ 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,he /at$ t3 8,if he _h come to me ,i w\ld h s5t him on to someone else4 ,i w\ld h said3 #8,my de> man1 t does n h any?+ to d ) me4'0 7,tr4 pp4 #edcd1 #edce47 ,on #ba ,febru>y #aidd ,mrug[sky 0 notifi$ t #cj 8appropriate gypsies0 w\ld be made available = te/+ ! ,ips5 vacc9e4 7,,no-#aahh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dgj47 ,mrug[sky 0 fur!r advis$ on #bi ,febru>y #aidd t ! exp]im5tal subjects w\ld be designat$ by ! (fice ( ,nebe ( ! ,rei* crim9al police4 7,,no-#aahi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dga47 ,! ,d+ di>y proves t ! exp]im5ts ) ! ,ips5 vacc9e began on #h ,m>* #aidd ) #cj exp]im5tal subjects1 ( :om six di$ z a result ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,on #ab ,augu/ #aidd ! def5dant ,mrug[sky ord]$ ,d+ to c>ry out exp]im5ts to det]m9e ! infecti\s "* ( blood ( slight cases ( typhus comp>$ ) t ( s]i\s cases4 7,,no-#aaig1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dgb47 ,mrug[sky ord]$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts to det]m9e :e!r ! c\rse ( typhus c\ld be temp]$ by intrav5\s or intramuscul> injection ( typhus vacc9e4 ,( ! #be exp]im5tal subjects us$1 #ai di$4 ,?is exp]im5t 0 c>ri$ out betwe5 #aa ,novemb] & #bb ,decemb] #aidd4 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg47 99 99 99 99 99 ,exp]im5ts ) ,old ,blood ,plasma & ! ,production ( ,blood ,plasma & ! ,typhus ,s]um ,exp]im5ts ) old blood plasma 7 conduct$ on inmates 9 ,bu*5wald by ord] ( ,mrug[sky at ! reque/ ( ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy4 ,blood transfusions 7 c>ri$ out 9 ord] to det]m9e :e!r old blood plasma c\ld be us$ )\t dang]1 especially )\t dang] ( %ock4 ,sev]al s]ies ( exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$1 ea* ) #aj to #bj exp]im5tal subjects4 ,"s ( ! victims di$1 probably due to ! comb9$ effect ( %ock & poor physical condition4 ,mrug[sky receiv$ reports on ^! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #aaij-aaib2 ,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg47 ,! entries = #bf ,may & #ac ,octob] #aidd 9 ! ,d+ di>y %[ t blood 0 )drawn f inmates recov]+ f typhus = ! purpose ( mak+ a typhus convalesc5t s]um4 ,! witness ,kogon te/ifi$ t ?is "w 0 done by ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ell5beck on ord] f ,mrug[sky4 ,ell5beck obta9$ ! blood f typhus convalesc5ts 9 ,block #df f ! summ] ( #aidd until ! spr+ ( #aide4 ,blood 0 tak5 f ^! exp]im5tal subjects regul>ly1 usually 9 am\nts betwe5 #bej & #cej cubic c5timet]s4 ,tak+ ! blood f ! convalesc5t pati5ts meant an extraord9>y burd5 on !m & a numb] di$4 ,:ile ! precise cause ( dea? c\ld n be def9itely asc]ta9$ "u ! circum/ances1 !re is no d\bt t ! )drawal ( blood 0 a contribut+ factor4 7,tr4 pp4 #aaib1 #aaic47 ,kogon fur!r te/ifi$ t ,ell5beck1 on ord]s f ,mrug[sky1 sy/ematically select$ invalids & old p]sons1 especially ,fr5*m51 :o 7 9 ! s-call$ 8little camp0 ( ,bu*5wald1 = ! purpose ( )draw+ blood to be us$ 9 mak+ blood plasma4 ,! horrible conditions 9 ! 8little camp0 7 vividly describ$4 ,! blood 0 dem&$ f ! victims & 0 tak5 f !m4 ,sometimes extra food 0 giv5 to ^! />v+ pati5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #aaid-aaif47 ,^u be+ ask$ :e!r any ( ^! blood donors 9 ! 8little camp0 9 ,bu*5wald di$ f ?is blood-lett+1 ,kogon repli$3 8,! "q %[s t x is v difficult to ga9 a real concept ( ! #8little camp' at ,bu*5wald4 ,! p di$ !re 9 masses4 ,dur+ ! night corpses 7 ly+ 9 ! blocks nak$ because !y 7 ?r[n out ( ! bunks by ! o!r prison]s s t !y w\ld h a little m space4 ,ev5 ! smalle/ pieces ( clo?+ 7 torn (f by ^? :o want$ to survive4 ,x is impossible to det]m9e if anybody di$ z ! direct & imm$iate result ( ! tak+ ( blood1 because _m p fell & di$ :ile walk+ ar\nd 9 ! #8little camp'4 8,b x is beyond d\bt to anyone :o knew ! conditions !re1 t ! tak+ ( blood--ev5 if a small measure ( /r5g? 0 giv5 to ^! p z f> z food 0 conc]n$--0 a consid]able contribut+ factor 9 ! dea? ( v _m ( !m40 7,tr4 p4 #aaif47 ,ell5beck also conduct$ rese>* conc]n+ ! oxyg5 cont5t ( ! blood ( human be+s 9 v>i\s /ages ( exhau/ion & artificially produc$ />vation o$ema4 ,mrug[sky gave 8 approval to ^! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #abeg-abff47 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,s*ro$] 99 99 99 99 99 ,typhus & ,o!r ,vacc9e ,exp]im5ts 9 ! ,natzweil] ,conc5tration ,camp ,! appe>ance ( ,haag5 z a def5se witness requires consid]ation ( 8 te/imony on ^! exp]im5ts4 ,haag5 te/ifi$ t 9 ! summ] ( #aidc ! def5dant ,rose1 z consult+ hygi5i/ to ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe1 prevail$ ^u him to resume active /atus z consult+ hygi5i/ to ! ,air ,fleet ,physician ,rei*4 ,haag5 also accept$ a typhus rese>* commission f ! ,luftwaffe & z a result ( ?is commission & 8 position 9 ! ,luftwaffe1 he c>ri$ out c]ta9 typhus exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #iefd1 #iefe47 ,haag5 /at$ t ,/abs>zt ,graefe 0 assign$ to him at ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg 9 #aidb by ! ,luftwaffe & t ,graefe act$ z 8 assi/ant4 ,graefe 0 milit>ily subord9at$ to ,luftgau ,physician #g b te*nically subord9at$ to ,haag54 7,tr4 p4 #iehb47 ,haag5 0 also milit>ily subord9at$ to ,luftgau ,physician #g4 7,tr4 p4 #iefc47 ,haag5 _h develop$ a mur9e typhus 7rat typhus7 vacc9e :i* conta9$ an att5tuat$ virul5t 7liv+7 virus4 7,tr4 pp4 #ieif1 #ieig47 ,haag5 te/ifi$ t he p]=m$ compatability te/s ) ?is vacc9e on #bh inmates ( ,s*irmeck conc5tration camp1 :i* 0 a sub-camp ( ,natzweil]4 ,eight inmates 7 vacc9at$ ) 4#e cc4 ( ?is virul5t vacc9e1 t5 ) 4#e cc4 ( virul5t vacc9e1 & t5 ) a dead vacc9e plus 4#e cc4 ( ! virul5t vacc9e4 ,?ree additional inmates 7 vacc9at$ ) a dead vacc9e = purposes ( comp>ison4 ,he /at$ t no s]i\s reactions occurr$ z a result ( ^! vacc9es4 7,tr4 p4 #ifjc47 ,all ( ^! vacc9ations 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! mon? ( ,may #aidc & no vacc9ations occurr$ aft] t date1 accord+ to ,haag54 7,tr4 p4 #ifcf47 ,9 ! fall ( #aidc ,haag5 transf]r$ 8 activities to ,natzweil] on ! alleg$ gr\nd t he felt a typhus epidemic 0 m likely !re ?an 9 ,s*irmeck4 7,tr4 p4 #ifjc47 ,he reque/$ ?r\gh ,hirt t #ajj conc5tration camp inmates be put at 8 disposal 9 ,natzweil] = purposes ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,^! inmates 7 transf]r$ f ,aus*witz to ,natzweil] dur+ ! mon? ( ,novemb] #aidc1 #ah ( :om di$ on ! way4 ,haag5 f\nd ! rema9d] unsuitable = 8 purposes & reque/$ an additional #ajj :i* 7 made available dur+ ,decemb] #aidc4 ,he te/ifi$ t ( ^!1 #dj inmates 7 subject$ to a s]ies ( two vacc9ations by injection to br+ ab\t immunity & a ?ird vacc9ation by sc>ification to te/ ! immunity4 ,= purposes ( comp>ison1 a second gr\p ( #dj inmates designat$ z 8controls0 0 giv5 only ! ?ird sc>ification vacc9ation4 ,! same vacc9e 0 us$ = all ( ^! alleg$ vacc9ations & 0 a new vacc9e conta9+ an att5uat$ virul5t ,rickettsia-,pr[azeki virus 7l\se typhus74 ,! sc>ification vacc9e appli$ to bo? gr\ps ( subjects conta9$ a small] quantity ( vacc9e ?an ! fir/ two injection vacc9ations giv5 to ! gr\p immuniz$4 ,9 ! fir/ gr\p ! inject$ vacc9e produc$ :at ,haag5 describ$ z ! normal vacc9e reaction4 ,sub/antially ! same reaction occurr$ 9 ! control gr\p :i* receiv$ only ! ?ird sc>ification vacc9e4 ,! reaction 0 no m s]i\s ?an 9 ^? :o 7 vacc9at$ by injection4 7,tr4 pp4 #ifae-g47 ,haag5 admitt$ t ! subjects us$ by him bo? 9 ,s*irmeck & ,natzweil] 7 ( _m diff]5t nationalities1 among :om 7 gypsies & ,poles4 7,tr4 p4 #ifjg47 ,he fur!r te/ifi$ t ^! inmates 7 n volunte]s because1 z he said1 he 0 only c>ry+ out protective vacc9ations4 7,tr4 pp4 #ieda-b47 ,haag5 /at$ t ! only reason he p]=m$ ^! vacc9ations 9 ,s*irmeck & ,natzweil] 0 because he 0 ask$ to d s by ,kram]1 camp comm&ant 9 ,natzweil]4 ,he & ,kram] 7 di/urb$ ab\t ! possibility ( a typhus epidemic 9 ! middle ( #aidc1 al?\gh he te/ifi$ t 9 fact no typhus cases actually occurr$ until ,m>* #aidd4 7,tr4 pp4 #ieid-e47 ,he w5t to ,s*mireck only because he & ,kram] fe>$ an epidemic4 7,tr4 p4 #ifjj47 ,haag5's te/imony1 z outl9$ above1 is completely incr$ible on its face z well z 9 view ( ! docum5ts :i* 7 submitt$ by ! prosecution & available to ,haag5 at ! "t he te/ifi$4 ,fir/ly1 x is utt]ly ridicul\s to cr$it 8 /atem5t t he w5t to ,s*irmeck & ,natzweil] only because he fe>$ an epidemic4 ,x is ridicul\s to suppose t a conc5tration camp comm&]1 on 8 own initiative1 s\ght m$ical assi/ance f doctors 9 ! t[ns surr\nd+ a conc5tration camp4 ,! ,,wvha1 to :i* all conc5tration camps 7 subord9at$1 _h a v elaborate m$ical sy/em & x is un?9kable t a local camp comm&] w\ld ask aid f an outsid]4 ,secondly1 x is ridicul\s to suppose t ,haag51 out ( ! k9dness ( 8 he>t & ! fe> ( an epidemic spread+ beyond ! conf9es ( ! camp1 w\ld use 8 preci\s typhus vacc9e to protect ! mis]able wret*es :o 7 imprison$ 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,haag5 himself /at$ t he _h v little typhus vacc9e4 7,tr4 p4 #ifac47 ,x has be5 repeat$ly te/ifi$ to dur+ ! c\rse ( ?is trial t typhus vacc9es 7 critically %ort 9 ,g]many dur+ ! w> & t !re 7 n ev5 suffici5t quantities to vacc9ate doctors1 nurses1 & o!r p]sonnel expos$ to special dang]4 ,t ?is vacc9e w\ld be us$ to protect conc5tration camp inmates is un?9kable4 ,?irdly1 x is ridicul\s to suppose t any sci5ti/ c\ld h possibly ?\ght t vacc9at+ #bh inmates 9 ,s*irmeck & #hj 9 ,natzweil] c\ld h _h any possible effect on ! likelihood ( a typhus epidemic4 ,t ,haag5 p]jur$ himself ) respect to :at he 0 really do+ 9 ,natzweil] dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 typhus exp]im5ts is cle>ly evid5t f 8 own lett] ( #bg ,june #aidd to ,hirt4 ,9 a lett] ( #i ,may #aidd to ,hirt1 ,haag5 reque/$ t an additional #bjj p]sons be furni%$ to him = 8 exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#abc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cjc47 ,supplem5t>y to ?is reque/1 he /at$ 9 8 lett] ( #bg ,june #aidd t1 89 ! subsequ5t inoculations ) virul5t typhus :i* are to be made = ! purpose ( te/+ ! protective vacc9e1 "o mu/ c\nt on sickness p>ticul>ly 9 ! control gr\p :i* has n receiv$ ! protective vacc9es4 ,^! aft]-inoculations are desirable 9 ord] to e/abli% unequivocally ! effectiv5ess ( ! protective vacc9es4 ,?is "t #aej p]sons w be us$ = ! protective vacc9e & #ej = ! control inoculations40 7,,no-#abg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cjf47 ,x %\ld be not$ specifically t 9 ! lett] quot$ above1 ,haag5 po9t$ out to ,hirt t sickness 0 to be expect$ 9 ! control gr\p :i* _h n receiv$ ! protective vacc9e4 ,haag5 te/ifi$ t ?is additional gr\p ( #bjj inmates reque/$ by him 0 m]ely = ! purpose ( vacc9ation1 j z he _h done 9 ,decemb] #aidc & ,janu>y #aidd on ! #hj exp]im5tal subjects4 ,he add$ t 9 ,may he _h en\gh vacc9e = #bjj m p]sons & he 0 m]ely try+ to increase ! protection 9 ! camp4 7,tr4 p4 #ifac47 ,! falsity ( ,haag5's te/imony is cle>ly app>5t f ! /atem5t 9 ! lett] t sickness 0 expect$ 9 ! control gr\p4 ,he _h previ\sly te/ifi$ t !re 0 no reason :atev] to expect any m s]i\s reaction to ! sc>ification vacc9ation 9 ! control gr\p ?an to ! inject$ vacc9e 9 ! immuniz$ gr\p4 7,tr4 p4 #ifah47 ,inde$1 !re 0 e reason to expect t ! vacc9e inject$ 9 ! immuniz$ gr\p w\ld br+ ab\t a m s]i\s reaction s9ce m vacc9e 0 giv5 by injection ?an by sc>ification4 ,haag5 appli$ a mu* l>g] quantity ( ! vacc9e 9 ! fir/ two injections ( ! immuniz$ gr\p ?an 9 ! sc>ification vacc9ation ( bo? ! immuniz$ & ! control gr\p4 ,! same vacc9e 0 us$ ?r\gh\t4 7,tr4 p4 #igaj47 ,! me?od ( vacc9ation1 :e!r by injection or sc>ification1 has no effect on reaction to ! vacc9e4 ,haag5 specifically te/ifi$ t 8if we vacc9ate by sc>ification we c expect t ! effect ( ! vacc9e w be ! same z if we inject subcutane\sly or intramuscul>ly40 7,tr4 p4 #igaj47 ,haag5 0 q unable to reconcile 8 /atem5t 9 8 lett] to ,hirt ( #bg ,june #aidd t 8"o mu/ c\nt on sickness1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! control gr\p0 ) 8 te/imony t !re 0 no diff]5ce 9 ! reaction to ! vacc9e z betwe5 ! immuniz$ & control gr\ps4 ,inde$1 ! only possible int]pretation ( 8 lett] is t in/ead ( vacc9at+ ! immuniz$ & control gr\ps by sc>ification1 he1 9 fact1 infect$ !m ) typhus4 ,haag5 knew t ! unprotect$ control subjects w\ld become ill ) typhus4 ,haag5 also _h no explanation = ! lett] ( ,kahnt1 ,*ief ( ,/aff to ,s*ro$]1 ( #bi ,augu/ #aidd1 9 :i* he 0 ask$ 8:e!r x may be assum$ t ! typhus epidemic prevail+ at ,natzweil] at pres5t is connect$ ) ! vacc9e rese>*40 7,,no-#aca1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cji47 ,he te/ifi$ t he _h complet$ 8 vacc9ations ( ! #hj exp]im5tal subjects dur+ ,janu>y #aidd & t all ( 8 s]ological exam9ations 7 f9i%$ no lat] ?an ,febru>y #aidd & t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 releas$ f conf9em5t4 ,haag5 submitt$ a report to ! ,luftwaffe no lat] ?an ,may or ,june #aidd to ! effect t ! vacc9e _h be5 a success4 7,tr4 pp4 #ifbg-i47 ,!re 0 no reason :atev] = ,kahnt & ,rose to address su* an inquiry to ,haag5 :5 he _h long s9ce complet$ 8 exp]im5ts1 accord+ to 8 te/imony1 & submitt$ a success report to ! ,luftwaffe at lea/ two mon?s be=e ! inquiry4 ,x is q impossible t vacc9e te/s :i* caus$ no typhus 9 ! vacc9at$ p]sons c\ld cause typhus 9 o!r p]sons1 z sugge/$ by ,rose dur+ 8 exam9ation4 ,moreov]1 x %\ld be not$ t ,kahnt's lett] cle>ly indicat$ an und]/&+ on 8 "p t ,haag5's vacc9e rese>* 9 ,natzweil] 0 contemporane\s ) ! epidemic4 ,?is1 ,haag5 te/ifi$1 he c\ld n und]/&4 ,haag5 also _h consid]able difficulty expla9+ :y1 9 8 lett] ( #ai ,septemb] #aidd1 9 reply to ,kahnt's inquiry1 he didn't /ate t he _h conduct$ no vacc9ations or exp]im5ts 9 ,natzweil] s9ce ,janu>y #aidd & t 8 vacc9ations _h caus$ no illness 9 ! subjects1 let alone caus$ a typhus epidemic4 ,haag5 simply /at$ 9 8 lett] t1 8,we h]eby in=m y t no connection exi/$ betwe5 ! cases ( typhus 9 ,natzweil] & ! exam9ations deal+ ) typhus vacc9e t is to be te/$40 ,emphasis add$4 7,,no-#acb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #caj47 ,inde$1 ,haag5 himself /at$ 9 8 reply t ! vacc9e 0 /ill "u te/1 contr>y to 8 te/imony be=e ?is ,tribunal4 ,haag5 w\ld h ! ,tribunal believe t he _h no typhus virus /ra9 :i* 0 pa?og5ic to human be+s1 t he c\ld n h br\ght on a s]i\s case ( typhus ev5 _h he tri$ to d s4 7,tr4 pp4 #ifjh1 #ifab47 ,9 ! v same brea? he te/ifi$ 8t !re 0 consid]able dang] ( infection 9 work+ ab\t ! laboratory & t he gave 8 assi/ants a 8risk bonus40 7,tr4 p4 #ifjh47 ,haag5 te/ifi$ t he p]=m$ no vacc9ations aft] ,janu>y #aidd4 ,he reit]at$ ?is "t & aga9 dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 exam9ation4 7,tr4 pp4 #ifad-e47 ,:5 ask$ 8 reason = n vacc9at+ dur+ ! typhus epidemic 9 ,natzweil] 9 ! spr+ & summ] ( #aidd1 :i* (f]$ an opportunity to te/ ! anti-infecti\s effect ( 8 vacc9e "u natural conditions1 he lamely answ]$ t he _h to make s _m (ficial milit>y trips t he _h no "t4 7,tr4 p4 #ifad47 ,al?\gh he _h suffici5t vacc9e to ju/ify 8 ask+ = #bjj additional exp]im5tal victims 9 ,may #aidd1 8 only ef=t 9 ! typhus epidemic1 accord+ to 8 te/imony1 0 to s5d !m decontam9ation equipm5t4 7,tr4 p4 #ifad47 ,x is n readily app>5t1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 j :y "s o!r doctor or an assi/ant ( ,haag5 c\ld n h p]=m$ ! vacc9ations :i* ,haag5 w\ld h ! ,tribunal believe he 0 s anxi\s to h done = ! protection ( ! camp4 ,all ( ! above contradictions & falsifications appe> ^u ! face ( ,haag5's te/imony z well z f ! docum5ts :i* he _h s c>efully /udi$ be=e 8 appe>ance4 ,! docum5ts submitt$ to him dur+ cross-exam9ation reveal 8 te/imony to h be5 p]juri\s f />t to f9i%4 ,haag5 repeat$ly te/ifi$ t he c>ri$ out no vacc9ations 9 ,s*irmeck aft] ,may #aidc4 ,he /at$ t 9 ,s*irmeck he only p]=m$ a s+le vacc9ation & n ! s]ies ( vacc9ations to te/ 8anti-infecti\s immunity0 because at t "t 8 8k hadn't progress$ s f>40 7,tr4 p4 #ifcf47 ,9 connection ) ! ,ips5 vacc9e1 ab\t :i* ,rose _h correspond$ ) him1 he especially d5i$ t he ev] propos$ to ,rose t exp]im5ts be c>ri$ out ) x4 ,haag5's lett] to ,rose ( #d ,octob] #aidc squ>ely contradicts him on bo? ( ^! significant po9ts4 7,,no-#bhgd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ebj47 ,he /at$ 9 8 lett] t3 8,i already report$ to y ! num]al results ( exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,! s]um tit] is consid]ably high]1 also aft] a s+le vacc9ation1 9 comp>ison ) ?ree vacc9ations ) deactivat$ vacc9es4 ,i regret t x 0 n possible s f> to p]=m infecti\s exp]im5ts on ! vacc9at$ p]sons2 ,i reque/$ ! ,ahn5]be ( ! ,,ss to provide suitable p]sons = vacc9ation1 b h n receiv$ an answ] yet4 ,we are n[ p]=m+ a fur!r vacc9ation ( human be+s2 ,i %all report lat] ab\t ! result4 ,i guess we w !n h rea*$ ! po9t ( be+ able to recomm5d ! introduction ( our new vacc9e = ! "t be+ )\t infecti\s exp]im5ts40 ,emphasis add$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ?is same lett] ( #d ,octob] #aidc1 ,haag5 discuss$ ,rose's report conc]n+ ! ,ips5 vacc9e f ,cop5hag54 ,he conclud$ 8 lett] by /at+3 8,if we c get exp]im5tal subjects f ! ,,ss = te/ vacc9ations1 x w\ld be an opportunity to te/ ! liv] vacc9e z well on its anti-infecti\s effect4 ,i w\ld !n sugge/ t our mat]ial be us$ p>allel ) ! ,ips5 te/s40 ,?us1 ,haag5 te/ifi$ falsely :5 he said t he did n propose exp]im5ts ) ,ips5 vacc9e4 ,9 8 lett] he v specifically propos$ p]=m+ anti-infecti\s exp]im5ts ) ! ,ips5 vacc9e z well z 8 own vacc9e4 ,?is aga9 proves t ! use ( ! phrase 8infecti\s exp]im5ts0 c\ld n possibly mean multiple vacc9ations ) liv+ typhus vacc9e4 ,! ,ips5 vacc9e 0 a dead vacc9e2 x conta9$ no att5uat$ virul5t virus4 ,?ree vacc9ations ) a dead vacc9e c\ld n be designat$ an 8infecti\s exp]im5t0 ev5 by ,haag54 7,tr4 p4 #ifee47 ,moreov] ! def5se's own pro( %[s t ! ,ips5 vacc9e _h already be5 te/$ = tol]ability & f\nd comp>able ) o!r vacc9es us$ by ! ,wehrma*t4 ,?is is cle> f ,rose's lett] to ! ,behr+-,works & ,haag51 among o!rs1 dat$ #bi ,septemb] #aidc4 7,rose #hh1 ,rose ,ex4 #ba47 ,x is q cle> t ! only type ( exp]im5t left op5 = ! ,ips5 vacc9e 0 precisely ! k9d t ,haag5 propos$1 namely1 aft]-infection ( ! vacc9at$ & control subjects ) typhus4 ,haag5 0 fur!r impea*$ by ! notes kept on 8 typhus exp]im5ts by 8 assi/ant1 ,miss ,crodel4 7,,no-#cheb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eba47 ,haag5 def9itely id5tifi$ ^! notes z hav+ be5 writt5 by ,miss ,crodel4 7,tr4 p4 #ifia47 ,miss ,crodel _h be5 an assi/ant ( ,haag5's = _m ye>s & he f\nd h] mo/ reliable4 7,tr4 p4 #igja47 ,he conc$$ t ,miss ,crodel 0 v c>eful 9 h] "w4 7,tr4 p4 #ifig47 ,on page ?ree ( ! notebook appe>s a s]ies ( entries dat+ f #cj ,april #aidc to #bg ,janu>y #aidd conc]n+ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ,s*irmeck4 ,! entry = #ai ,may #aidc %[s t two out ( f\r mice inject$ ) 8 vacc9e di$4 ,! entry = #bf ,may reads3 87#d weeks7 #c-f1 #j4e p] p]son & #f mice #j4e i4 p41 #e dead1 aft] #aj1 #ad1 #ad days1 ! re/ aft] #d weeks40 ,?is entry proves t on t date human be+s 7 inoculat$ ) ,haag5's vacc9e4 ,to say ! lea/ ( ?is entry1 five mice :o 7 simil>ly vacc9at$ di$ z a result4 ,! phrase 8! re/ aft] #d weeks0 c obvi\sly ref] also to dea?s among exp]im5tal p]sons s9ce x is q impossible t ?is phrase c\ld be us$ to ref] to ! "o rema9+ m\se4 ,! entry = #f ,july indicates t on t date ,haag5 & 8 assi/ants appe>$ 9 ,s*irmeck = ! purpose ( )draw+ blood f t5 p]sons1 :o _h be5 previ\sly vacc9at$1 = a ,weil-,felix reaction te/4 ,! entry gives ! s]um tit] value ( eight ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,! entry is end$ ) ! laconic note1 8! o!r two 7 n "h anymore40 ,?is entry is conclusive corroboration ( ! te/imony ( ! witness1 ,george ,hirtz1 :o /at$ t ,haag5 _h te/$ 8 vacc9e at ,s*irmeck 9 ! summ] ( #aidc4 ,approximately #bj ,poli% inmates 7 us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts &1 foll[+ ! inoculations1 two ( ! exp]im5tal subjects di$4 ,hirtz te/ifi$ t he himself sew$ up ! bodies ( ! inmates 9 pap] bags & deliv]$ !m = cremation4 ,! o!r exp]im5tal subjects _h reactions su* z high fev]s1 %ock1 & impairm5t ( spee*4 7,tr4 pp4 #abic-abii47 ,8 te/imony is fur!r corroborat$ by ,haag5 himself1 :o /at$ t two gr\ps ( t5 inmates 7 inoculat$ by him 9 ,s*irmeck4 ,! entry 9 ! ,crodel notes obvi\sly has ref]5ce to "o ( ^! gr\ps ( t51 & ^u arrival ( ,haag5 & 8 assi/ants 9 ! camp = ! purpose ( )draw+ blood1 x 0 f\nd t two ( ! subjects _h di$4 ,! entry = #d ,octob] #aidc on page ?ree ( ! ,crodel notes reads 87six mon?s7 inoculat$ #bj p]sons 9 ,s*irmeck1 ,tube--#b cc4 di/ill$ wat]1 #j4e p] p]son40 7,,no-#cheb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eba47 ,?is proves n only t ,haag5 te/ifi$ falsely :5 he /at$ t he c>ri$ out no typhus vacc9ations 9 ,s*irmeck aft] ,may #aidc b also t multiple vacc9ations ) 8 vacc9e 7 p]=m$4 ,?is entry be>s ! same date z ,haag5's lett] to ,rose1 ref]r$ to above1 :i* also /at$ t he 0 p]=m+ fur!r vacc9ations4 ,! la/ entry on page ?ree is dat$ on ! orig9al z #bg ,janu>y #aidc & reads3 87#i mon?s7 mix$ ) ! same am\nts 7z #ba ,may7 di/ill$ wat] tube1 #bj p]sons #a4a cc4 ea*40 ,! date #aidc is obvi\sly a mi/ake on ! "p ( ,miss ,crodel 9 mak+ ! entry4 ,?is is prov$ by ! fact t ! p]iod ( "t indicat$ 9 p>5!ses 9 ! notes ref]s to ! p]iod ( "t ! vacc9e _h be5 /or$4 ,haag5 s admitt$4 7,tr4 p4 #igaa47 ,?us ! ref]5ce 87#i mon?s70 means t ! vacc9e be+ us$ 9 t s]ies ( exp]im5ts _h be5 /or$ = n9e mon?s s9ce #cj ,april #aidc1 ! date ( ! fir/ entry on page ?ree & ! "t ! vacc9e 0 fir/ prep>$4 ,t #aidc 9 ! orig9al entry %\ld really be #aidd also is app>5t f page f\r ( ! notes :]e9 ! la/ entry is = #bg ,janu>y #aidd4 ,x is a common mi/ake = "o to use ! date ( ! old ye> dur+ ! fir/ mon? ( ! new ye>4 ,haag5 inoculat$ ano!r gr\p ( t5 p]sons 9 ,s*irmeck on #aj ,octob] #aidc & #bj m on #bg ,janu>y #aidd z se5 f ! entries on page f\r ( ! ,crodel notes4 ,aga9 on page five ( ! orig9al1 ! entry = #ad ,octob] #aidc proves t t5 p]sons 7 inoculat$ = ! ?ird "t ) #a4j cc4 ( ,haag5's new vacc9e4 ,t ?is entry ref]s to ! virul5t mur9e vacc9e & n to ! ,gildemei/] dead vacc9e c be se5 f ! prec$+ entry :i* speaks ( f\r control p]sons be+ inoculat$ ?ree times ) ,gildemei/] vacc9e4 ,?is fact is fur!r app>5t by comp>+ ! quantity ( ! injections plus ! am\nt ( di/ill$ wat] us$ p] tube ( ,haag5's new vacc9e z set =? 9 o!r entries4 ,! entry = #be ,may #aidd on page #g ( ! ,crodel notes /ates t #cj p]sons 7 inoculat$ 9 ,natzweil]4 8,! inoculation took place dur+ ! incubation p]iod 79 a transport conta9+ also sick p74 ,?irte5 became sick 9 ! p]iod f #bi ,may to #i ,june1 ( ^!1 two di$40 ,haag5 _h repeat$ly te/ifi$ t he p]=m$ no vacc9ations aft] ,janu>y #aidd 9 ,natzweil]4 ,n only did he p]=m exp]im5ts aft] ,janu>y #aidd1 b z prov$ by ! entry quot$ above1 subjects di$ dur+ ! c\rse ( su* exp]im5ts4 ,by 8 own te/imony ,haag5 proves t ^! entries deal ) an exp]im5t dur+ :i* ! subjects 7 artificially infect$ ) typhus4 ,al?\gh ! entry euphoni\sly /ates t ! vacc9ations 8took place dur+ ! incubation p]iod10 ,haag5 te/ifi$1 z _h be5 repeat$ly sugge/$ by ! prosecution1 t x is impossible to "k :5 p]sons are 9 ! incubation p]iod4 ,! incubation p]iod is t "t betwe5 ! infection & ! fir/ manife/ations ( ! disease4 ,accord+ly1 x is impossible to "k t a vacc9ation takes place dur+ ! incubation p]iod unless ! p]son has be5 artificially infect$ s t ! date ( infection is kn[n4 7,tr4 pp4 #igja-b47 ,x is significant to note also t ! *>t on page #ad ( ,miss ,crodel's notes uses ! ^w 8na*impfung10 mean+ aft]-vacc9ation or re-inoculation1 9 connection ) multiple vacc9ation exp]im5ts on two mice 7bo? ( :i* incid5tally di$71 r ?an ! ^w 8na*9fektion10 mean+ aft]-infection or subsequ5t infection1 :i* 0 repeat$ly us$ by ,haag5 9 8 lett]s conc]n+ exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,haag5 te/ifi$ t ! def5dant ,s*ro$] visit$ him on #be ,may #aidd1 ! v day on :i* he 0 c>ry+ out exp]im5ts 9 ,natzweil]4 7,tr4 p4 #ifcb47 ,:ile x is1 ( c\rse1 entirely possible t ,s*ro$] may h visit$ ,haag5 on #bd or #bf ,may1 r ?an on #be1 ! fact is q cle> t 9 any ev5t ,haag5's v important exp]im5ts on typhus 7 discuss$ ) ,s*ro$]1 contr>y to ! te/imony ( bo? m54 ,! same is true ) respect to ! visit ( ! def5dant ,beck]-,freys5g :i* took place %ortly aft] t ( ,s*ro$] 7,tr4 p4 #iefi7 & ( ,rose :o visit$ ,haag5 bo? 9 #aidc & #aidd4 7,tr4 p4 #iegj47 ,haag5's /atem5t t ,beck]-,freys5g came all ! way f ,b]l9 to discuss ) him ! procurem5t ( rabbits & mice is z incr$ible z ! re/ ( ,haag5's te/imony4 ,! def5dant ,s*ro$] te/ifi$ t ,haag5's rese>* assignm5t 0 n secret & attempt$ to argue on t basis t no?+ crim9al c\ld h happ5$4 7,tr4 p4 #cfed47 ,)\t paus+ to po9t out ! /upidity ( su* an argum5t1 suffice x to say t ,s*ro$]'s te/imony 0 prov$ to be false by a li/ ( rese>* assignm5ts issu$ by ,s*ro$]'s (fice 9 #aidd4 ,haag5's typhus "w 0 classifi$ secret4 7,,no-#icd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #deh47 ,! te/imony ( ! witness ,nales corroborates ! pro( outl9$ h]e9 above3 ,t ,haag5 p]=m$ exp]im5ts to te/ ! immunity ( 8 vacc9e by artificially infect+ ! subjects ) typhus4 ,nales1 a ,dut* citiz51 0 arre/$ by ! ,ge/apo 9 #aidj = alleg$ly p>ticipat+ 9 a resi/ance movem5t4 ,al?\gh he 0 tri$ & acquitt$1 he 0 committ$ to ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp 9 ,april #aida4 ,9 ,m>* #aidb he 0 transf]r$ to ,natzweil] & 9 ,novemb] #aidb he became a nurse 9 ! ,ahn5]be exp]im5tal /ation !re4 7,tr4 pp4 #ajdji-ab47 ,he /at$ t 9 ! latt] "p ( #aidc1 #ajj gypsies 7 s5t to ,natzweil] f ,aus*witz = ,haag5's typhus exp]im5ts4 ,haag5 f\nd !m physically unsuitable & !reaft] an additional #ij gypsies 7 %ipp$ 94 ,^! 7 divid$ into two gr\ps & conf9$ 9 sep>ate rooms 9 ! ,ahn5]be exp]im5tal /ation4 ,"o gr\p 0 vacc9at$ aga9/ typhus4 ,approximately #ad days lat]1 bo? gr\ps 7 artificially infect$ ) typhus4 ,z a result1 ab\t #cj ( ! subjects di$4 ,nales nurs$ ! victims himself & saw ! bodies4 ,he talk$ to ! subjects frequ5tly & kn[s !y did n volunte]1 z inde$ ,haag5 himself admitt$ on ! /&4 ,! gypsies 7 ( v>i\s nationalities includ+ ,poles1 ,cze*s1 ,hung>ians1 & ,g]mans4 7,tr4 pp4 #ajdai-bc47 99 99 99 99 99 ,haag5's long cont9u$ activity 9 ,s*irmeck & ,natzweil] c be cle>ly se5 f 8 acc\nt book on rese>* tasks on yell[ fev] & typhus4 ,8 "w 9 ,s*irmeck began z e>ly z #bj ,april #aidc4 ,he 0 plac+ telephone calls to ,s*irmeck late 9 ,augu/ #aidd1 ov] a ye> aft] ,haag5's alleg$ 8la/ vacc9ation0 !re4 ,^! acc\nts 7 *>g$ to ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 7,,no-#chcg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #edb47 ,!y 7 9 su* detail z to reveal on _! face 8 activity 9 ! conc5tration camps4 7,,no-#cdej1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eai47 ,haag5 admitt$ t by infection exp]im5ts "o c\ld mean only "o ( ?ree ?+s--7#a7 subsequ5t artificial infection ) typhus1 7#b7 vacc9ations ( l>ge gr\ps ( p & !n /udy+ efficacy dur+ a natural epidemic1 & 7#c7 ,weil-,felix reaction te/s c>ri$ out be=e & aft] a subsequ5t vacc9ation4 7,tr4 p4 #ifja47 ,he admitt$ t ! prosecution's int]pretation ( 8infection exp]im5ts0 & 8subsequ5t infection0 0 equally consi/5t ) 8 own4 7,tr4 p4 #ifaa47 ,he admitt$ t ! ^w 8na*impfung0 7subsequ5t vacc9ation7 c\ld h be5 us$ z well z 8na*9fektion0 7subsequ5t infection74 7,tr4 p4 #ifaa47 ,!re are no ref9$ que/ions ( docum5t>y int]pretation pres5t$ to ! ,tribunal4 ,! simple issue is :e!r ,haag5 committ$ crimes dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 exp]im5ts4 ,!re is no dispute t ^! 7 8exp]im5ts04 ,haag5 repeat$ly us$ ! ^w 9 8 own lett]s4 ,!re is no dispute t ! inmates us$ z subjects 7 nonvolunte]s1 among :om 7 nationals ( ,g]man occupi$ c\ntries4 ,haag5 admitt$ z mu*4 ,! docum5ts & ! te/imony prove t a sub/antial numb] ( subjects 7 kill$ dur+ ! c\rse ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,aga9/ ?is ov]:elm+ pro( /&s ! te/imony ( ,haag5 & ,rose1 bo? ( :om p]jur$ !mselves repeat$ly on ! /&4 ,inde$1 _! own te/imony is ! be/ circum/antial pro( z to ! crim9ality ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,"o does n gratuit\sly te/ify falsely4 ,^? :o fe> ! light ( tru? commit p]jury4 ,^! m5 reg>d _! oa?s z lightly z !y did ! lives ( _! helpless victims4 ,! guilt ( ,rose & ,haag5 is ! measure ( ! guilt ( ,s*ro$]4 ,z a m$ical (fic] ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ,haag5 0 subject to 8 ord]s4 7,tr4 p4 #cfcf47 ,! (fice ( ,s*ro$] issu$ ! rese>* assignm5ts pursuant to :i* ^! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out4 ,x provid$ ! funds ) :i* to c>ry !m out4 ,x receiv$ reports on ! exp]im5ts & knew !y 7 p]=m$ on conc5tration camp inmates4 7,tr4 p4 #ageh47 ,s*ro$] 0 himself 9 ,/rasb\rg at ! v "t ! exp]im5ts 7 go+ on4 ,8 guilt is cle> & unequivocal4 c4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,rose ,/atem5ts ,reg>d+ ! ,"q ( ,responsibility ( ! ,def5dant ,rose = ! ,typhus ,exp]im5ts ( ,pr(essor ,eug5 ,haag5 9 ! ,conc5tration ,camps at ,s*irmeck & ,natzweil] & ! ,"q ( ! ,p>ticipation 9 ,^! ,exp]im5ts ,9 ord] to rea* a decision on ! "q ( :e!r puni%able behavior on ! "p ( ! def5dant ,rose is e/abli%$1 ! ,tribunal w h to exam9e ! foll[+3 ,did ,pr(essor ,rose1 9 8 capacity z consult+ hygi5i/ ) ! ,luftwaffe ,m$ical ,inspectorate1 h any comm&+ au?ority or ! "r & obligation ( sup]vision at all ov] ,pr(essor ,eug5 ,haag5 at ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg8 ,did ! def5dant ,rose p>ticipate 9 a p5ally relevant =m 9 ! exp]im5ts ) typhus vacc9e conduct$ by ,haag5 9 ! conc5tration camps at ,natzweil] & ,s*irmeck8 ,if s1 ! "q ( :e!r ,haag5 made himself liable to puni%m5t or n c be left completely undecid$4 ,z f> z ! fir/ "q is conc]n$1 "o ?+ is c]ta94 ,above all1 ,pr(essor ,haag5 0 a full pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg at ! "t & also director ( ! ,in/itute = ,hygi5e at ?is ,univ]sity4 ,at ! same "t he 0 consultant on hygi5e = ! civil adm9i/ration ( ,alsace4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #iebf47 ,dur+ ! w>1 9 addition to ?is1 he 0 a "p-"t consult+1 hygi5i/ ) an ,air ,fleet4 ,f9ally1 he appli$ = s-call$ rese>* assignm5ts = 8 exp]im5ts1 includ+ 8 typhus exp]im5ts1 t is1 9 practice1 f9ancial aid4 ,fir/ ( all1 x mu/ be asc]ta9$ 9 :i* ( 8 _m capacities ,pr(essor ,haag5 conduct$ 8 exp]im5ts4 ,9 ?is connection ! facts are p]fectly cle>4 ,z a witness1 ,pr(essor ,haag5 himself expla9$ t he reque/$ & receiv$ ! rese>* assignm5ts :i* made possible 8 exp]im5ts1 n z an (fic] ( ! ,luftwaffe1 b z director ( a civilian rese>* in/itute4 ,z usual1 !re=e1 ! initiative 0 tak5 by ! sci5ti/4 7,beck]-,freys5g #gj1 ,beck]-,freys5g ,ex4 #dh2 ,tr4 pp4 #fbea-c2 ,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #gida-b1 #hcii1 #iehc-e47 ,! correctness ( ?is description c be se5 f ! lett] ( ,pr(essor ,haag51 submitt$ by ! prosecution1 address$ to ! rector ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg1 dat$ #g ,octob] #aidc4 7,,no-#acg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahi47 ,9 ?is lett] ,haag5 reque/s 8 civilian sup]ior1 ! rector ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg1 = special privileges = ! ,in/itute = ,hygi5e ( ! ,univ]sity 7i4 e41 a civilian in/itution7 bas$ on ! rese>* commissions assign$ to him4 ,! fact t ! position ( ,pr(essor ,haag5 0 also int]pret$ by ! ,luftwaffe 9 ?is mann] c be se51 = example1 f ! /yle ( ! lett]s address$ to him 9 matt]s relevant to 8 rese>* & vacc9e production assignm5ts4 ,!y are n clo!d 9 ! mann] ( milit>y ord]s1 b possess ! "* ( correspond5ce ) a civilian (fice :i* 0 n subord9ate to ! ,luftwaffe1 ei!r 9 ! matt] ( receiv+ ord]s or ( be+ "u its sup]vision4 ,a numb] ( ^? inve/$ ) su* rese>* assignm5ts h describ$ to ! ,tribunal h[ !y accept$ ^! assignm5ts = opportuni/ic reasons1 e4 g41 to obta9 priority grad+ & to protect _! p]sonnel f be+ draft$ to milit>y s]vice4 ,h[ev]1 ! fact t no subord9ate relation%ip or sup]visory "r arose ?r\gh ! acceptance ( su* an assignm5t1 c be se5 likewise f ! num]\s /atem5ts ( ! recipi5ts ( su* ,luftwaffe assignm5ts4 7,s*ro$] #cj1 ,s*ro$] ,ex4 #bb2 ,s*ro$] #ca1 ,s*ro$] ,ex4 #bc2 ,beck]-,freys5g #gi1 ,beck]-,freys5g ,ex4 #fc2 ,g]man ,tr4 p4 #fgbj47 ,obligations arose solely ) reg>d to ! computation ( ! money all[$1 ! report+ ( any possible results a*iev$1 z well z ! m5tion ( assi/ance 9 ! ev5t ( a sci5tific publication4 ,moreov]1 su* f9ancial aid is 9 no way limit$ to ,g]many b is common 9 _m c\ntries4 ,no responsibility = possible errors & crimes1 :i* ! recipi5ts might commit1 c result f su* f9ancial assi/ance4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,haag5 nev] receiv$ a special individual assignm5t to c>ry out a c]ta9 s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 b he 0 accord$1 z p] reque/1 assi/ance = 8typhus rese>*40 ,h[ev]1 f9ancial assi/ance = typhus rese>* is some?+ q normal4 ,incid5tally1 ,haag5 n only utiliz$ ! means put at 8 disposal by ! ,luftwaffe1 b also contributions f ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil &1 mo/ important1 ! p]sonnel & equipm5t ( 8 in/itute4 ,!re=e1 8 typhus rese>* 0 n a "p ( 8 milit>y activities b 0 c>ri$ out )9 ! scope ( 8 civilian activities4 ,also1 ! fact t a res]ve (fic] ( ! ,luftwaffe1 namely1 ,/aff ,physician ,/abs>zt ,graefe1 appe>s z a collaborator 9 8 typhus rese>* "w1 alt]s none ( ! facts ( ! case4 ,x is true t ,graefe 0 a res]ve (fic] 9 ! same way z ,haag54 ,h[ev]1 8 ma9 pr(ession 0 t ( assi/ant 9 ! ,in/itute = ,hygi5e ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg1 & 9 ?is capacity he 0 subord9ate to ,pr(essor ,haag5 :o 01 ( c\rse1 ! director ( ?is in/itute4 ,he 0 9 no way subord9ate to ,haag5 9 ! milit>y s5se1 b to ! ,air ,=ce ,area ,,vii4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #igah47 ,/aff ,physician ,graefe1 :o 0 draft$ into ! ,luftwaffe1 0 transf]r$1 !re=e1 = purposes ( fur!r tra9+1 to ! civilian in/itute :]e he work$ z an assi/ant 9 peacetime4 ,su* incid5ts occurr$ q frequ5tly 9 ord] to enable rese>* activities 9 civilian in/itutes to be cont9u$ 9 w>time4 ,z a result ( ?is assi/ance giv5 9 respect ( p]sonnel1 ^! civilian (fices did n fall "u ! comm& & sup]vision ( ! milit>y au?orities4 ,! fact t ,pr(essor ,haag5 felt himself to be completely indep5d5t 9 8 rese>* activities c also be se5 unequivocally f ! fact t he procur$ fur!r assi/ance f o!r (fices disreg>d+ 8 subord9ate position ) respect to ! milit>y4 ,?is means1 )\t go+ ?r\gh ! milit>y *annels :i* 7 prescrib$ z b9d+ 9 milit>y matt]s4 ,9 8 capacity z ,ob]/abs>zt ( ! ,luftwaffe1 he c\ld n deal ) ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil )\t in=m+ 8 sup]ior !re(4 ,ev5 less c\ld he deal ) ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ) o!r (fices ( ! ,,ss1 or1 = example1 ) ! ,g5]al>zt ,s*reib]1 :o belong$ to ! army4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 well able to d all ( ?is 9 8 capacity z director ( ! ,in/itute = ,hygi5e ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg4 ,! correctness ( ?is /atem5t is %[n mo/ cle>ly 9 ! important po9t1 namely ! procurem5t ( exp]im5tal subjects 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,9 ?is case he did n conduct negotiations ?r\gh milit>y *annels via ! ,m$ical ,inspection ( ! ,luftwaffe1 b ?r\gh 8 civilian *annels1 ?r\gh ! m$iation ( 8 univ]sity colleague1 ,pr(essor ,hirt1 via ! ,ahn5]be4 ,he nev] in=m$ 8 milit>y sup]iors ( ^! negotiations nor ask$ = _! assi/ance !re91 = z matt]s 71 !re 0 no reason to d s4 ,! files %[ q cle>ly t ,pr(essor ,haag5 _h already conduct$ 8 exp]im5ts on prison]s 9 ,s*irmeck 9 ,may ( #aidc 9 ! same way z he cont9u$ !m until ! middle ( #aidd4 ,9 ,may ( #aidc1 h[ev]1 ,haag5 0--9 a milit>y s5se--on leave ( abs5ce1 & z f> z 8 activities 7 conc]n$ he 0 9 no way subject to ! sup]vision ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,8 appo9tm5t z consult+ hygi5i/ did n ensue until aft] #ad ,july #aidc1 because ! lett] f ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,luftwaffe dat$ #ad ,july #aidc 0 n address$ to ,consult+ ,hygi5i/ ,haag51 b to ,/aff ,physician ,/abs>zt ,haag51 :o _h be5 giv5 leave to "w 9 8 in/itute4 7,,no-#big1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #caf47 ,aft] 8 appo9tm5t z consult+ hygi5i/1 h[ev]1 8 rese>* activities d n diff] 9 any way f ^? :i* he p]=m$ be=e ?is appo9tm5t4 ,!y rema9$ civilian rese>* activities z =m]ly4 ,fur!r att5tion %\ld be call$ to ! fact t ! ,luftwaffe %[$ no special int]e/ 9 ,pr(essor ,haag5's rese>* "w4 ,! only real int]e/ ( ! ,luftwaffe might h be5 9 ! actual production ( vacc9e4 ,!y tri$ to influ5ce him 9 ?is connection1 b )\t practical success4 ,! ,luftwaffe receiv$ no typhus vacc9e f ,haag54 ,8 rese>* activities _h no connection ) ! wi%es ( ! ,luftwaffe reg>d+ production2 !y 7 ev5 9 conflict ) ^! int]e/s4 ,! prosecution1 x is true1 has submitt$ a numb] ( acc\nts f :i* x c be se5 t telephone calls to ,s*irmeck & ,natzweil] 7 paid = f ,luftwaffe funds4 7,,no-#cdej1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eai2 ,,no-#chcg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #edb47 ,ev5 if "o 7 to consid] ! fact prov$ t ^! calls 7 9 connection ) 8 "w 9 conc5tration camps1 ! :ole nature ( ! acc\nts %[s t ,haag5 treat$ 8 rese>* "w z a unit & divid$ ! co/s accord+ to 8 own po9t ( view among ! diff]5t funds :i* _h be5 plac$ at 8 disposal4 ,! purpose s]v$ by ! telephone calls _c be inf]r$ f ! acc\nts alone4 ,! arbitr>y division ( co/s c be se51 = example1 f ! fact t a :ole s]ies ( exp5ditures ent]$ "u 8,influ5za ,acc\nt0 ref]r$ to 8 typhus "w4 ,! dep>tm5t receiv+ ! exp5se %eets _h no possibility ( *eck+ 9 detail ! purpose to :i* ea* enum]at$ item 0 put1 & :o ! p>ticipants 9 ! telephone conv]sations 74 ,suffici5t facts h already be5 produc$ to %[ t1 9 g5]al1 ! ,luftwaffe bore no responsibility = ! rese>* activities ( ! ,univ]sity ,pr(essor ,haag54 ,nev]!less1 x is propos$ to exam9e ! "q ( :e!r a responsibility on ! "p ( ! def5dant ,rose = ,haag5's rese>* "w c be d$uc$ f ! fact t ,pr(essor ,rose 0 consult+ hygi5i/ ) ! ,m$ical ,*ief ( ! ,luftwaffe2 because ! prosecution is ma9ly attempt+ to con/rue responsibility on ! "p ( ! def5dant ,rose f 7#a7 ! exi/5ce ( ! rese>* assignm5ts giv5 by ! ,luftwaffe2 & 7#b7 ! fact t ,pr(essor ,haag5 belong$ to ! ,luftwaffe z a res]ve (fic]4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ,haag5 0 ! m$ical (fic] ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,fir/ ( all1 he 0 consult+ hygi5i/ ) ! ,air ,fleet #a until ! ye> #aida4 ,!n he 0 giv5 leave to "w 9 8 ,in/itute = ,hygi5e until a c]ta9 "t1 :i* mu/ h be5 %ortly aft] #ad ,july #aidc4 ,!n he became consult+ hygi5i/ ) ! ,air ,fleet 8,mitte0 :i* 0 lat] r5am$ ,air ,fleet 8,rei*04 ,h[ev]1 he did n conduct 8 exp]im5ts 9 8 capacity z consult+ hygi5i/4 ,! tasks ( a consultant did n include sci5tific rese>*4 ,!y lay 9 o!r fields4 ,pr(essor ,haag5 0 nev] subord9ate to ! def5dant ,rose ev5 9 ?is milit>y position z consult+ hygi5i/ ( an ,air ,fleet4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! def5dant ,rose _h nei!r comm&+ au?ority1 & nei!r ! "r nor ! duty ( sup]vision z f> z ,haag5 0 conc]n$4 ,f a milit>y /&po9t ,haag5 0 subord9ate to 8 air fleet physician 9 e respect4 ,incid5tally1 ! def5dant ,rose _h no sup]ior rights nor sup]visory obligations ei!r ) respect to ,pr(essor ,haag5 or to all ! o!r consult+ hygi5i/s ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,8 (ficial duties 7 exclusively limit$ to consultations ) ! ,m$ical ,inspector1 t is1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 7,comp>e ,rose #f1 ,rose ,ex4 #f2 ,rose #g1 ,rose ,ex4 #g2 ,rose #h1 ,rose ,ex4 #bi2 ,h&los] #ab1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #ab2 ,tr4 pp4 #bihg1 #fbei2 ,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ccdf47 ,!re is no ne$ to comm5t fur!r on ! fact t ! def5dant ,rose p>ticul>ly did n possess su* rights & obligations ) respect to ,haag5 9 8 capacity z a rese>* sci5ti/ & director ( ! in/itute ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg1 :i* 0 9 no way subord9ate to ! ,luftwaffe4 ,! correctness ( ^! /atem5ts 0 unequivocally confirm$ on ! witness /& dur+ my exam9ation1 n only by ,pr(essor ,haag5 himself 7,g]man ,tr4 pp4 #ifgi-hj7 b also by ! def5dant ,s*ro$]1 :o1 aft] all1 %\ld "k1 hav+ be5 ! =m] ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #cgcd47 ,^! facts %\ld be suffici5t to %[ t ! def5dant ,rose _h nei!r ! p[] ( comm& & nei!r ! "r nor obligation ( sup]vision ov] ,pr(essor ,haag54 ,we /ill h to exam9e ! second "q ( ! possible p>ticipation ( ! def5dant ,rose 9 ,pr(essor ,haag5's rese>* "w 9 ! conc5tration camps at ,natzweil] & ,s*irmeck4 ,x is inconte/able t ! def5dant ,rose 0 cognizant ( ! fact t ! ,luftwaffe gave sev]al rese>* assignm5ts to ,pr(essor ,haag51 & t ! reports issu$ by ,haag5 )9 ! framework ( ^! assignm5ts 7 s5t to him = 8 in=mation4 ,h[ev]1 ^! reports nev] conta9$ details f :i* a crim9al activity on ! "p ( ,pr(essor ,haag5 c\ld h be5 inf]r$ or assum$4 ,ev5 ! prosecutor1 ,mr4 ,mc,haney1 dur+ 8 int]rogation ( ! def5dant ,ro/ock1 expressly decl>$ t ev5 he d\bt$ :e!r ,haag5 w\ld h disclos$ su* details4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ccdf47 ,?is int]pretation corresponds completely ) ! facts4 ,pr(essor ,haag5's reports consi/$ purely ( sci5tific rese>* "w :i* 0 designat$ = publication4 ,no read] c\ld ga!r t !y 7 bas$ on illegal exp]im5ts4 ,a plan ( exp]im5ts 0 nev] submitt$ by ,haag5 9 detail4 ,z has already be5 /at$1 x is true t ! def5dant ,rose knew ( ! rese>* commissions :i* _h be5 assign$ to ,pr(essor ,haag5 by ! ,luftwaffe4 ,accord+ to ! nature ( 8 (ficial position1 h[ev]1 he ex]cis$ no influ5ce on ! assignm5t ( su* commissions4 ,!re 7 no misgiv+s ab\t ! assignm5ts z su*1 = no?+ ( a suspici\s or objectionable nature c\ld be se5 f _! =mulation4 7,beck]-,freys5g #cg1 ,beck]-,freys5g ,ex4 #bc47 ,?is situation is n alt]$ by ! fact t ! def5dant ,rose visit$ ,pr(essor ,haag5 twice 9 ,/rasb\rg dur+ ! c\rse ( ! w>1 ! fir/ "t 9 ! ye> #aidc & ! second "t 9 #aidd4 ,cle>ly outl9$ assignm5ts 7 dealt ) on bo? occasions4 ,dur+ ! fir/ visit ! "q 0 discuss$ :e!r ,haag5 wi%$ to reassume 9 addition ! functions ( a consult+ hygi5i/ ( an ,air ,fleet4 ,! second visit result$ f ! desire ( ! m$ical inspection ( ! ,luftwaffe t ,haag5 %\ld comply ) ! reque/ repeat$ly made to him1 to take up ! production ( vacc9e4 ,?is second visit fur!r s]v$ ! purpose ( discuss+ ! "q ( a p>ticul>ly exp5sive b necess>y in/allation = reproduc+ v>i\s climates = ! rabbit hut* 9 ,pr(essor ,haag5's ,in/itute4 ,! reasons j m5tion$ = ^! two visits w be sub/antiat$ by docum5ts submitt$4 ,! "q reg>d+ ,pr(essor ,haag5's assumption ( ! functions ( a consult+ hygi5i/ ) ! ,air ,fleet 8,mitte0 is m5tion$ 9 ! lett] f ,rose address$ to ,haag51 dat$ #i ,june #aidc1 7,,no-#cjf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bif7 ! procurem5t ( ! climate in/allation 9 ,docum5t ,,no-#bhgd1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ebj4 ,moreov]1 ! fir/ ( ^! two docum5ts j m5tion$ %[s q cle>ly t ! def5dant ,rose _h no influ5ce on ! assignm5t ( rese>* commissions to ,haag54 ,9 answ]+ a "q f ,haag5 relevant to ?is matt]1 ,rose _h to limit 8 reply to ! /atem5t t ! compet5t exp]t 0 abs5t4 ,9 exam9+ ! relation%ip betwe5 ,rose & ,haag51 _! fur!r ex*ange ( correspond5ce mu/ also be m5tion$4 ,rose met ,haag5 :5 !y 7 bo? division *iefs at ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 9 ,b]l9 f #aicg until #aida4 ,bo? 7 speciali/s 9 ! field ( rese>* into infecti\s diseases4 ,haag5 specializ$ 9 virus diseases includ+ typhus4 ,! def5dant ,rose specializ$ 9 tropical diseases1 p>asitology1 & v]m9 control4 ,?is fact expla9s ! exi/5ce ( a sci5tific private correspond5ce1 "p ( :i* c be f\nd 9 ! files4 ,accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! witness1 ,olga ,ey]1 ?is correspond5ce 0 extremely cursory & consi/$ ( only five to six lett]s f #aida to #aidd1 dur+ :i* "t ,fraeule9 ,ey] 0 ,haag5's secret>y4 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #agha47 ,! prosecution is obvi\sly 9 possession ( ! entire ex*ange ( correspond5ce betwe5 ,rose & ,haag54 ,! lett]s ! prosecution has submitt$ f ?is correspond5ce deal ) two subjects3 ,! fir/ gr\p consi/s ( ! two lett]s ( #e ,june #aidc & #i ,june #aidc 7,,no-#cje1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bie2 ,,no-#cjf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bif7 :i* conta9 an answ] to ! que/ions on ! production te*nique ( typhus vacc9e4 ,rose1 :o himself is n a speciali/ 9 ?is field1 _h reque/$ te*nical in=mation & _h receiv$ x4 7,9 pass+1 x %\ld be /at$ t ! #cj to #dj p]sons m5tion$ 9 ?is ex*ange ( correspond5ce signifi$ ! requir$ manp[] figure & n possible exp]im5tal subjects1 z ! prosecution ass]ts47 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ijfc47 ,! pr9cipal lett] ( ,haag5 to ,rose1 dat$ #d ,june #aidc1 :i* is m5tion$ 9 ,rose's reply dat$ #i ,june #aidc1 w\ld cle> up ! matt] absolutely unequivocally4 ,un=tunately1 x has n be5 submitt$ by ! prosecution4 ,! second "p ( ! correspond5ce betwe5 ,rose & ,haag5 conc]ns ! attitude ( ,haag5 to ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e4 ,among o!rs1 ,rose _h also in=m$ ,pr(essor ,haag51 "o ( ! lead+ ,g]man typhus-rese>* sci5ti/s1 ab\t ! result ( 8 conv]sation ) ,dr4 ,ips5 9 ,cop5hag51 z c be se5 f ! di/ribution ( ! report on ! ,cop5hag5 trip4 7,rose #bb1 ,rose ,ex4 #ba47 ,?is second "p ( ! correspond5ce develop$ z a result ( ! transmission ( ?is /rictly sci5tific in=mation1 & ! foll[+ lett]s f x 7 introduc$ by ! prosecution dur+ ! trial3 ,lett] f ,haag5 to ,rose dat$ #d ,octob] #aidc 7,,no-#bhgd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ebj74 ,lett] f ,haag5 to ,rose dat$ #bi ,novemb] #aidc 7,,no-#ajei1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dij74 ,lett] f ,rose to ,haag5 dat$ #ac ,decemb] #aidc 7,,no-#abb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bih74 ,pr(essor ,rose furni%$ a detail$ explanation ( ?is ex*ange ( correspond5ce dur+ 8 direct exam9ation4 ,at ! "t he 0 only 9 possession ( 8 a=em5tion$ lett] to ,haag5 dat$ #ac ,decemb] #aidc1 :]eas ! two o!r lett]s 7 /ill )held by ! prosecution4 ,al?\gh1 z a result ( ?is1 he 0 put 9 ! difficult position ( hav+ to te/ify reg>d+ an ex*ange ( correspond5ce :i* took place f\r ye>s ago1 only a "p ( :i* he _h available = ref]5ce1 ! correctness ( 8 /atem5ts 0 completely confirm$ 9 ! ess5tial po9ts by ! two o!r lett]s :i* 7 n introduc$ until lat] 9 ! trial4 7,tr4 p4 #fbha47 ,x c be se5 q def9itely f ! fir/ p>agraph ( ,haag5's lett] to ,rose dat$ #d ,octob] #aidc t ! actual int]e/ ( ! def5dant ,rose lay 9 induc+ ,pr(essor ,haag5 to produce a prov5 vacc9e4 ,! "q h+$ on ! climate in/allation :i* 0 necess>y = ! production ( ! ,gir\d vacc9e f ! lungs ( rabbits4 ,x 0 only necess>y to e/abli% an additional production plant = ! ,luftwaffe because ! vacc9e conc]n$ 0 obta9$ f dead typhus bacilli & _h be5 introduc$ = "s "t4 ,at ! end ( 8 lett] ,pr(essor ,haag5 once m ref]s to ?is purely te*nical "q ( production4 ,9 8 lett] ,haag5 also expresses 8 op9ion & valuation ( ! ,ips5 me?od4 ,! p5ultimate p>agraph ( ?is lett] is p>ticul>ly important4 ,x describes ! great importance ,pr(essor ,haag5 atta*$ to ! s]ological exp]im5ts 9 weigh+ ! results ( ! vacc9ation & ( ! /ate ( immunity4 ,he writes 9 ?is connection3 8,i g5]ally regret t1 9 judg+ immunity1 mu* too little consid]ation is be+ giv5 to ! s]ological reaction4 ,my exp]im5ts ) ! nonph5oliz$ vacc9e p>ticul>ly prov$ aga9 t ! tit] ( agglut9ation %\ld be consid]$4 ,no d\bt1 mu* great] importance mu/ aga9 be atta*$ to ! s]ological result :5 judg+ ! /ate ( immunity 9 accordance ) our pres5t op9ion on ! c\rse ( ! infection ( ! virus diseases1 especially 9 _! initial /ages40 7,,no-#bhgd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ebj47 ,at ! end ( 8 lett]1 ,haag5 sugge/s t 8 own vacc9es & ! ,ips5 vacc9e be comp>$ by exam9ation4 ,?is is unequivocal pro( ( ! proposal hav+ be5 made by ,haag54 ,! def5dant ,rose _h n ! slighte/ reason to assume t ,pr(essor ,haag5 int5d$ to p]=m an immunity *eck ) a virul5t virus caus+ disease 9 human organism1 s9ce ! ,pr(essor p>ticul>ly /ress$ ! importance ( s]ological me?ods :5 te/+ ! condition ( immunity4 ,on ! contr>y1 he _h to assume t ,pr(essor ,haag5 consid]$ su* an infection sup]flu\s4 ,! prosecution objects to ! fact t ,haag51 :5 discuss+ ! plann$ exp]im5ts 9 8 correspond5ce ) ,rose1 us$ su* t]ms z 8exp]im5ts ( infection0 & 8subsequ5t infection40 ,b ,pr(essor ,rose knew t ,haag5 0 engag$ 9 ! developm5t ( live vacc9e nonpa?og5ic to human be+s4 ,he ev5 m5tion$ ?is 9 8 lecture on typhus & mal>ia at ,basel 9 #aidd4 7,rose #be1 ,rose ,ex4 #ca47 ,e exp]t kn[s t ! application ( liv+ virus = ! purpose ( protective vacc9ation is a proc$ure ( infection4 ,he 0 aw>e t ,haag5 work$ on ! fur!r developm5t ( ! me?od evolv$ by ! ,fr5*man ,blanc4 ,?is1 too1 c be f\nd 9 ! same passage ( 8 ,basel lecture m5tion$ above4 ,! fact t ! t]m 8subsequ5t infection0 0 us$ by ,pr(essor ,haag5 9 di/+ui%+ protective vacc9ations f live & weak5$ vacc9es c\ld 9 no way surprise or />tle him4 7,rose #fi1 ,rose ,ex4 #ei2 ,rose #fj1 ,rose ,ex4 #fj2 ,tr4 pp4 #fbie-f2 ,g]man ,tr4 #ifci47 ,x mu/ be po9t$ out 9 ?is connection t ! notes ( ! ,natzweil] camp physician himself di/9ctly describe ! vacc9ation :i* ,haag5 _h occasionally call$ 8subsequ5t infection10 z 8vacc9ation04 ,8 entries ( #bb ,m>* #aidd /ate t 8! actual #8vacc9ation' w n[ be c>ri$ out aft] two protective vacc9ations h tak5 place40 7,g]man ,tr4 p4 #ighb47 ,! report tak5 f ! ,tropical ,diseases ,bullet9 :i* ,i introduc$ 9 ?is trial %[s1 h[ev]1 q cle>ly t ^! infections 7 n dang]\s & c\ld1 9 ! ma91 be controll$4 7,rose #eh1 ,rose ,ex4 #eh47 ,?is report /ates t ! ,blanc live typhus vacc9e 0 us$ by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t 9 ,alg]ia 9 #c4e million cases to combat typhus1 & t z a result ( ^! protective vacc9ations1 real typhus illness 0 f\nd 9 only #e-f cases p] ?\s&4 ,if "o comp>es ?is figure ( #e-f p] ?\s& ) ! total numb] ( ! vacc9ations1 x appe>s t 9 ! c\rse ( ?is vacc9ation action c>ri$ out by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 #ag1ejj to #ba1jjj cases ( typhus illness took place z a result ( vacc9ation4 ,?is result may ju/ly give weight to ! assumption t ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t consid]$ ^! incid5ts a ju/ifiable & tol]able risk 9 view ( ! ext5t ( ! ?reat5$ dang]4 ,x w\ld be unfair to blame ! def5dant ,rose = hav+ tak5 no /eps at all on le>n+ t ano!r rese>* sci5ti/1 namely ,haag5 7:o 0 n subord9at$ to him7 0 us+ a me?od :i* he knew 0 widely practic$4 ,he _h mu* less reason to d s s9ce x 0 ,haag5 :o tri$ by prelim9>y vacc9ations ) dead vacc9es to avoid & to r$uce ! ext5t ( ! vacc9ation reactions & ! dang] ( sickness z a result ( ! vacc9ation4 ,haag5's reports & publications only deal ) ?is object ( a prelim9>y vacc9ation ) dead vacc9es & ( ! subsequ5t vacc9ation ) a live1 virul5t vacc9e nonpa?og5ic to human be+s 7subsequ5t infection74 ,?is field1 ) :i* he 0 n s famili>1 0 describ$ 9 detail by ! def5dant ,rose 9 8 direct te/imony4 ,:5 int]rogat$1 ,pr(essor ,haag51 z ! actual orig9ator ( ! plans1 sub/antially enl>g$ & 9 "s in/ances correct$ ?is description4 ,x does n seem feasible to me to classify z crim9al1 exp]im5ts :i* t5d to make m be>able & less dang]\s a recogniz$ me?od already appli$ on millions ( p4 ,9 addition1 !re is no reply f ! def5dant ,rose to ?is lett] f ,pr(essor ,haag5 ( #d ,octob] #aidc4 ,x is n c]ta9 :e!r he actually receiv$ x4 ,h[ev]1 ! possibility t he did receive x _c be d5i$4 ,*ronologically1 ! next lett] 9 ?is correspond5ce is ,haag5's lett] to ,rose ( #bi ,novemb] #aidc4 7,,no-#ajei1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dij47 ,! def5dant ,rose _c rememb] ev] hav+ receiv$ ?is lett]4 ,x is true t aft] ?is lett] _h be5 submitt$ to him by ! prosecution dur+ cross-exam9ation1 ,pr(essor ,rose assum$ t he mu/ h receiv$ x1 judg+ by ! date & ! conditions ( ! po/al s]vice at t "t4 7,tr4 p4 #fdbh47 ,h[ev]1 he 0 misl$ :5 mak+ ?is /atem5t by a mi/ake 9 ! reproduction4 ,:]eas ?is lett] is actually dat$ #bi ,novemb] #aidc1 ! date on ! lett] is giv5 z #bi ,novemb] #aidb 9 ! ,g]man mimeograph$ copies di/ribut$ by ! prosecution 9 ! c\rse ( ! cross-exam9ation4 ,?us x 0 s5t at a "t :5 l>ge quantities ( mail 7 de/roy$ 9 tra9s or at po/ (fices by ! heavy air raids on ,g]man t[ns & communications4 ,accord+ to ! resultant /ate ( affairs1 x is probable t he actually did n receive ?is lett]4 ,9 ?is v lett] ,pr(essor ,haag5 m5tions t #ah ( ! #ajj inmates _h already di$ en r\te4 ,! answ]s ! def5dant ,rose gave on cross-exam9ation be=e ?is lett] _h be5 submitt$ to him %[ cle>ly t he c\ld n rememb] su* in=mation4 7,tr4 p4 #fdbd-e47 ,he w\ld h>dly h be5 able to =get su* a gruesome report if he _h actually receiv$ ?is lett]4 ,x also _c be /at$ t ! def5dant ,rose c\ld only h writt5 8 lett] to ,haag5 ( #ac ,decemb] #aidc 7,,no-#abb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bih7 aft] hav+ receiv$ ,haag5's lett] ( #bi ,novemb] #aidc4 ,prosecut+ c\nsel1 ,mr4 ,mc,haney1 h[ev]1 alleg$ ?is :5 cross-exam9+ ,rose 7,tr4 p4 #fdca7 ?us caus+ confusion 9 ! m9d ( ! def5dant ,rose4 ,=1 9 reality1 ,rose's lett] ( #ac ,decemb] #aidc is ! reply to a fur!r lett] f ,haag5 dat$ #h ,decemb] #aidc1 z appe>s cle>ly f ! introductory s5t5ce 9 ,rose's lett] ( #ac ,decemb] #aidc4 ,f ?is /ate ( affairs x c only be conclud$ t ei!r ,pr(essor ,haag5 did n mail ?is lett] at all--p]haps 9 view ( ! in=mation conta9$ !re9 ab\t ! unfavorable conditions ( heal? ( ! inmates--or else ! def5dant ,rose did n receive ! lett] because x 0 de/roy$ along ) a lot ( o!r mail ( ! same date 9 ! heavy air raids4 ,! prosecution1 no d\bt1 w\ld n h fail$ to introduce ?is lett] into evid5ce if ! def5dant ,rose _h repli$ to ,haag5's lett] dat$ #bi ,novemb] #aidc4 ,pr(essor ,haag5's sugge/ion 9 8 lett] ( #d ,octob] #aidc t ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e be te/$1 is aga9 dealt ) 9 ,rose's lett] ( #ac ,decemb] #aidc4 ,9 ?is lett] ,rose exclusively speaks ( ! te/+ ( vacc9e1 )\t m5tion+ infections at all4 ,9 ! lett] a p>allel is drawn to ! ,bu*5wald typhus exp]im5ts only ins(> z he indicat$ ! advantage ( ! simultane\s te/+ ( sev]al vacc9es4 ,on direct exam9ation1 t is1 prior to ! submission ( o!r docum5ts :i* give great] cl>ification to ! :ole matt]1 ! def5dant ,rose /at$ q cle>ly & 9 agreem5t ) subsequ5t evid5ce & ! lat] te/imony ( ,haag51 t ! po9t 9 "q 0 ! application ( ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e = prelim9>y vacc9ation1 aim+ at ! weak5+ ( ! vacc9ation reaction 9 connection ) subsequ5t vacc9ation ) a live1 avirul5t vacc9e nonpa?og5ic to human be+s4 ,! two biologically p>allel conditions :i* are obvi\s to e layman1 "o1 ! weak5+ ( a reaction foll[+ vacc9ation ) a live vacc9e1 & two1 ! weak5+ ( a natural sickness1 7 expla9$ 9 detail by ,pr(essor ,rose on direct exam9ation4 7,tr4 p4 #fbha47 ,f9ally1 x mu/ be emphatically po9t$ out t ! plan discuss$ 9 ?is correspond5ce to te/ ! effect ( ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e on ! weak5+ ( vacc9ation reactions foll[$ by ! application ( ! new live avirul5t typhus vacc9e pa?og5ic to human be+s z comp>$ ) o!r vacc9es1 0 n c>ri$ out at all4 ,aft] ,haag5 _h succe$$ 9 weak5+ ! reaction 9 ano!r way1 namely by long /orage1 he 0 no long] int]e/$ 9 ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e4 7,beck]-,freys5g #fbeh2 ,g]man1 ,tr4 #ifad-e47 ,!re=e1 !re only rema9s ! exam9ation ( ! "q ( :e!r ! def5dant ,rose 0 responsible = ,haag5's activities1 kn[+ t ,pr(essor ,haag5 _h p]=m$ exp]im5ts on inmates ) live avirul5t typhus vacc9es /ill 9 ! te/+ /age4 ,ap>t f ! correspond5ce discuss$ j n[ 7"p ( :i* did n deal ) exp]im5ts at all1 :ile ! o!r "p ref]r$ to ! discussion ( an exp]im5tal plan :i* _h be5 tempor>ily "u consid]ation71 ! def5dant ,rose 0 only in=m$ ( ,haag5's activities ?r\gh ! latt]'s reports :i* 7 s5t to him = in=mation & comm5ts by ! *ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ?r\gh (ficial *annels4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 ei!r conta9$ simple in=mation ab\t ! fact t ,pr(essor ,haag5 _h ask$ = & receiv$ a commission = rese>*1 or else !y 7 sci5tific publications conta9+ no?+ to :i* objections c\ld be made4 ,! prosecution conclud$ f ! lett] ( ! ,luftwaffe ,m$ical ,academy1 dat$ #g ,july #aidd to ! ,luftlott5>zt ,rei* ,air ,fleet ,physician ,rei* t ,haag5 mu/ h infect$ human be+s ) virul5t typhus bacilli :i* 7 pa?og5ic to human be+s because 8control p]sons0 7 m5tion$ 9 ?is lett]4 7,,no-#abh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cjg47 ,?is lett] approves ! publication ( ,pr(essor ,haag5's "w & t ( 8 assi/ant ,crodel3 8,exp]im5ts ) a ,new ,dri$ ,typhus ,vacc9e40 ,?is "w :i* _h be5 submitt$ to ! def5dant ,rose prior to publication actually %[s cle>ly t ^! controls 7 meant to be a comp>ison ( ! results ( s]ological exam9ations on pati5ts f ! camp epidemic ) ! s]ological exam9ations on p]sons protectively vacc9at$4 ,haag51 ^: ma9 int]e/ 0 9 s]ological exam9ations1 z already m5tion$1 _h no reason :atsoev] to p]=m artificial infections s9ce ! epidemic 9 ! conc5tration camp at ,natzweil] (f]$ an abundance ( p]sons = ! purposes ( comp>ison4 ,f9ally x mu/ be /at$1 9 addition1 t ! exp]im5tal plans discuss$ 9 ,haag5's lett] ( #bg ,june #aidd to ,pr(essor ,hirt nev] became kn[n to ! ,luftwaffe ,m$ical ,inspectorate nor to ,rose4 7,,no-#abg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cjf47 ,moreov]1 ! g5]al developm5t ( ! situation 7,haag5's abs5ce f ,/rasb\rg1 evacuation ( ! camp at ,natzweil]1 etc417 %[s t ?is plann$ exp]im5t c\ld nev] h be5 p]=m$4 ,! tru? ( ?is /atem5t is fur!r cle>ly prov$ by ! te/imonies ( ! witnesses ,bro]s & ,nales1 accord+ to :i* no m typhus vacc9ations took place aft] ,april #aidd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky#ei ,! prosecution /at$ 9 its plea3 ,if ,grawitz 7 /ill alive1 he w\ld sit "h z "o ( ! pr9cipal def5dants on ! def5dants' b5*4 ,?is is c]ta9ly true4 ,b ,grawitz pass$ s5t5c$ on himself4 ,& :at does ! prosecution d8 ,x indicts ,mrug[sky in/ead ( ,grawitz4 ,x does n consid] 9 its argum5ts t ,mrug[sky 0 n a private p]son b a m$ical (fic] 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 t is a soldi]1 & t ,grawitz & ,himml] 7 8 milit>y sup]iors4 ,x speaks ( conspiracy b x does n exam9e !reby to :at ext5t a conspiracy may be conceiv$ :5 milit>y subord9ation plays its "p4 ,9 its summ+-up1 bo? writt5 & oral1 ! prosecution m]ely submitt$ ! orig9al allegations ( ! indictm5t4 ,x completely ignor$ ! evid5ce produc$ by ! def5dants1 & m]ely po9t$ out a little scornfully t ?is evid5ce 0 mo/ly compos$ ( affidavits4 ,b ?is is no fault ( ! def5dants4 ,!y w\ld h pref]r$ to be able to produce c\nt]-pro( tak5 f _! own records4 ,b all ! docum5ts belong+ to ! def5dants & to o!r (fices1 f :i* ! prosecution evid5ce emanates1 are 9 ! h&s ( ! prosecution4 ,x m]ely submitt$ ^? p>ts ( ! docum5ts :i*1 torn f _! context1 seem to incrim9ate ! def5dants4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! prosecution made x impossible = ! def5dants to f9d ! records connect$ ) ! prosecution evid5ce :i* w\ld ensure a complete elucidation ( ! true facts4 ,i w\ld ask ! ,tribunal to consid] 9 p>ticul> ?is difficult position ( ! def5dants ) reg>d to evid5ce4 ,x places p>ticul> emphasis on ! old legal pr9ciple t ! def5dant is consid]$ n guilty until 8 guilt has be5 prov$1 & 9 d\btful cases ! ,c\rt is to decide 9 favor ( ! def5dant4 ,! *>ges aga9/ ,mrug[sky are compos$ ( ?ree gr\ps3 7#a7 ,! typhus exp]im5ts & ! aconit9e execution :i* did n conc]n volunte]s4 ,9 ^! cases ! ,tribunal w h to consid] :e!r /ate em]g5cy cont5d$ by ,mrug[sky really exi/$1 & if s1 if ! typhus exp]im5ts & ! aconit9e execution 7 ju/ifi$4 ,if ! answ] is 9 ! affirmative1 !n nei!r ! typhus exp]im5ts nor ! aconit9e execution is crim9al1 s9ce !re is no objection rais$ z to ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 p]=m$4 ,if ! "q is answ]$ 9 ! negative1 !n ! next consid]ation is1 if & to :at ext5t ,mrug[sky p>ticipat$ 9 !m & if he is responsible "u crim9al law4 7#b7 ,! second gr\p consi/s ( ! actions ( ,d+ :i* he p]=m$ on 8 own initiative1 e4 g41 8 p>ticipation 9 a kill+ by ph5ol & ! poison exp]im5t on #f p]sons4 7#c7 ,! ?ird gr\p consi/s ( ! protective vacc9ations = :i* volunte]s 7 available1 accord+ to ! evid5ce produc$ by ! prosecution4 ,! def5dant ,mrug[sky is indict$ fir/ ( all = 8 alleg$ p>ticipation 9 ! typhus exp]im5ts at ,bu*5wald & 9 o!r m$ical exp]im5ts4 ,9 its submission ( evid5ce1 ! prosecution treat$ ^! exp]im5ts z crim9al & z exp]im5ts p]=m$ by doctors4 ,dur+ ! exam9ation ( ! exp]ts1 ,pr(essor ,leibbr&t & ,pr(essor ,ivy1 ! prosecution also treat$ ^! m$ical exp]im5ts z exp]im5ts p]=m$ by doctors & ask$ ! exp]ts if ^! exp]im5ts 7 to be consid]$ z admissible f ! po9t ( view ( m$ical e?ics4 ,i am conv9c$ t ! exp]im5ts on :i* ! prosecution bases its indictm5t 7 9 no way exp]im5ts :i* orig9at$ f ! initiative ( ! executive physicians !mselves4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 a =m ( rese>* "w necessitat$ by an extraord9>ily press+ /ate em]g5cy1 & ord]$ by ! highe/ compet5t gov]nm5tal au?orities4 ,pr(essor ,ivy also admitt$ t !re is a fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ! physician z a !rapeuti/ & ! physician z a sci5tific rese>* work]4 ,:5 ask$ by ,dr4 ,tipp3 8,s y admit t to ! physician z a !rapeuti/1 ! physician :o cures1 o!r rules &1 !re=e1 o!r p>agraphs ( ! oa? ( ,hippocrates apply10 he gave ! answ]3 8,yes1 ,i d1 v def9itely40 ,consequ5tly1 exp]im5ts on human be+s1 p]=m$ = urg5t reasons ( a public "* & ord]$ by ! compet5t au?orities ( ! /ate1 _c simply be consid]$ z crim9al m]ely because ! exp]im5tal p]sons *os5 by ! /ate = ! rese>* "w 7 n volunte]s4 ,! prosecution ought to h br\ght additional evid5ce ) reg>d to ! individual exp]im5ts to prove :y !y 7 crim9al1 ap>t f ! fact t ! exp]im5tal p]sons 7 n volunte]s4 ,! l>ge/ space 9 ! indictm5t aga9/ ,mrug[sky is tak5 up by ! typhus exp]im5ts at ,bu*5wald4 ,! prosecution does n cont5d t ,mrug[sky p>ticipat$ 9 !m p]sonally1 b ,i fur!r ?9k ,i h prov$ 9 my writt5 argum5ts t he nei!r sugge/$ nor ord]$ nor controll$ ^! exp]im5ts2 t he did n fur!r !m nor ev5 approve ( !m4 ,nev]!less = precaution's sake1 ,i also mu/ prove t ! exp]im5ts 9 "q 7 n illegal & t "u no aspect c !y be consid]$ z crim9al s9ce !y 7 caus$ by an urg5t /ate em]g5cy4 ,?is pro( c be produc$ 9 a p>ticul>ly impressive mann] 9 ! case ( ! typhus exp]im5ts4 ,9 ! ,flick trial1#fj ! prosecution submitt$ ,docum5t ,,ni-#ebbb :i* ,i h (f]$ to ! ,tribunal4 7,mrug[sky1 ,ex4 #ii47 ,?is docum5t1 :i* comes f ! ,labor ,(fice ,we/phalia & is dat$ #c ,febru>y #aidb1 /ates t accord+ to in=mation f milit>y qu>t]s1 until rec5tly ! numb] ( ,soviet prison]s ( w> dy+ ( typhus 0 /ill #ae1jjj daily4 ,i ?9k ,i ne$ no long] emphasize t a mo/ press+ /ate em]g5cy is consid]$ to exi/ if f "o s+le epidemic !re are1 ,i repeat1 #ae1jjj dea?s daily 9 ! camps = ,russian prison]s alone4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! prosecution /at$ t f ! beg9n+ ( #aidb until ! beg9n+ ( #aide1 a total ( #adb p]sons di$ z a result ( ! typhus exp]im5ts at ,bu*5wald4 ,i place ^! two figures int5tionally at ! beg9n+ ( my argum5t4 ,!y %[ t dur+ ! entire p]iod ( ! exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald1 ! numb] ( fatalities am\nt$ to "o p]c5t ( ! toll tak5 e day by typhus 9 ! ,russian prison] camps alone 9 w9t] #aida-db4 ,9 addition to ^! victims 9 ! ,russian ,p4 ,w4 camps1 "o has to consid] ! enorm\s numb] ( p :o di$ ( typhus among ! civil population ( ! occupi$ ea/]n t]ritories & ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces4 ,x is cle> t "u ^! conditions dra/ic measures _h to be tak54 ,:5 judg+ ! typhus exp]im5ts c>ri$ out 9 ! conc5tration camp ,bu*5wald "o mu/ n =get t ,g]many 0 engag$ 9 w> at ! "t4 ,millions ( soldi]s _h to give up _! lives because !y 7 call$ ^u to fight by ! /ate4 ,! /ate employ$ ! civil population = "w accord+ to /ate requirem5ts4 ,9 do+ s x made no di/9ction betwe5 m5 & wom54 ,! /ate ord]$ employm5t 9 *emical factories :i* 0 detrim5tal to heal?4 ,x ord]$ "w on ! con/ruction ( new projectiles :i* involv$ consid]able dang]4 ,:5 unexplod$ enemy %ells ( a new type 7 f\nd at ! front1 or unexplod$ bombs ( new con/ruction 7 f\nd aft] an air raid at home1 x ord]$ gunn]y (fic]s to dism\nt su* new %ells or bombs ) ! aid ( assi/ants 9 ord] to le>n _! con/ruction4 ,?is impli$ great dang]4 ,!n ! fill+s ( ! new %ells & bombs _h to be exam9$ by analytical *emi/s to det]m9e _! composition4 ,9 c]ta9 cases ?is "w 0 detrim5tal to ! heal? ( ! *emi/s & _! assi/ants & always consid]ably dang]\s4 ,9 ! same way ! /ate ord]$ ! m$ical m5 to make exp]im5ts ) new weapons aga9/ dang]\s diseases4 ,^! weapons 7 ! vacc9es4 ,! fact t dur+ ^! exp]im5ts n only ! exp]im5tal p]sons b also ! m$ical m5 7 expos$ to great dang] 0 prov$ :5 ,dr4 ,d+ infect$ himself un9t5tionally at ! beg9n+ ( 8 typhus exp]im5ts & became s]i\sly ill ) typhus4 ,) reg>d to su* m$ical exp]im5ts1 "o has to agree on pr9ciple ) ! op9ion ( ,pr(essor ,ivy & ,pr(essor ,leibbr&t t su* exp]im5ts may only be p]=m$ on volunte]s4 ,b ev5 ,pr(essor ,ivy admitt$ t !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 ^? cases 9 :i* a sci5tific rese>* work] />ts su* exp]im5ts on 8 own initiative & ! cases 9 :i* ! compet5t organs ( ! /ate au?orize him to d s4 ,he answ]$ ! "q ( :e!r ! organ ( ! /ate is responsible 9 ! affirmative2 b he add$ t ?is has no?+ to d ) ! moral responsibility ( ! exp]im5t] t[>ds ! exp]im5tal subject4 ,if ! exp]im5t is ord]$ by ! /ate1 ?is moral responsibility ( exp]im5t] t[>ds ! exp]im5tal subject relates to ! way 9 :i* ! exp]im5t is p]=m$1 n to ! exp]im5t itself4 ,! prosecution did n conte/ t ! exp]im5ts at ,bu*5wald 7 c>ri$ out correctly4 ,by way ( precaution1 ,i (f]$ evid5ce = ! correct execution 9 my clos+ brief4 ,9 answ] to a "q by ,dr4 ,saut]1 ,pr(essor ,ivy obs]v$ t he did n ?9k ! /ate c\ld take ! responsibility ( ord]+ a sci5ti/ to kill a man 9 ord] to obta9 k4 ,! case ) ! typhus exp]im5ts is diff]5t4 ,no ord] 0 giv5 to kill a man 9 ord] to obta9 k4 ,b ! typhus exp]im5ts 7 dang]\s exp]im5ts4 ,out ( #gbd exp]im5tal p]sons1 #aed di$4 ,b ^! #aed dea?s f ! typhus exp]im5ts h to be comp>$ ) ! #ae1jjj :o di$ ( typhus e day 9 ! camps = ,soviet prison]s ( w>1 & ! innum]able dea?s f typhus among ! civilian population ( ! occupi$ ea/]n t]ritories & ! ,g]man troops4 ,?is enorm\s numb] ( dea?s l$ to ! absolute necessity ( hav+ effective vacc9es aga9/ typhus 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,! newly develop$ vacc9es _h be5 te/$ 9 ! animal exp]im5ts z to _! compatibility4 ,i expla9$ ?is 9 detail 9 writ+4 ,! ,tribunal w h to decide :e!r1 9 view ( ! enorm\s ext5t ( epidemic typhus1 9 view ( ! #ae1jjj dea?s x 0 caus+ daily 9 ! camps = ,russian prison]s ( w> alone1 ! ord] giv5 by ! gov]nm5t au?orities to te/ ! typhus vacc9es 0 ju/ifi$ or n4 ,if ! answ] is 9 ! affirmative1 !n ! typhus exp]im5ts at ,bu*5wald 7 n crim9al1 s9ce ! prosecution did n conte/ t !y 7 c>ri$ out accord+ to ! rules ( m$ical sci5ce4 ,9 ?is case1 any responsibility ( ,mrug[sky = ^! exp]im5ts is exclud$4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,tribunal answ]$ ! "q 9 ! negative & decl>$ ! typhus exp]im5ts at ,bu*5wald to be crim9al1 !n exam9ation w\ld h to be made z to :e!r ,mrug[sky 0 responsible = !m 9 any way4 ,9 my writt5 /atem5t ,i expla9$ 9 detail t ,block #df at ,bu*5wald1 :]e ! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out1 0 n subord9ate to ,mrug[sky1 b t ,dr4 ,d+ work$ "u ! imm$iate ord]s ( ,grawitz4 ,out ( ! ext5sive evid5ce ,i (f]$ to prove ?is fact1 ,i only want to /ress1 "o1 ! lett] address$ by ,grawitz to ,mrug[sky 9 :i* ,grawitz decl>$ explicitly on #bd ,augu/ #aidd t he gave 8 cons5t = ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts he m5tion$ 9 ! lett] to be p]=m$ 9 ,block #df at ,bu*5wald1 & two1 ! lett] address$ by ,mrug[sky to ,grawitz on #bi ,janu>y #aide 9 :i* he sugge/s ! te/+ ( a jaundice virus & writes3 8,please obta9 p]mission f ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to p]=m ! infection exp]im5ts 9 ! typhus exp]im5tal /ation ( ! conc5tration camp ,bu*5wald40 ,^! two lett]s demon/rate t ev5 9 autumn #aidd & e>ly 9 #aide ,mrug[sky c\ld /ill only h p]=m$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ,block #df ) special p]mission4 ,?is refutes ! assumption ( ! prosecution t ,block #df 0 subord9ate to ,mrug[sky4 ,b above all1 ,i want to /ress aga9 ! affidavit giv5 by ,dr4 ,morg5 on #bc ,may #aidg 9 :i* he /at$ t :5 he inve/igat$ ! occurr5ces 9 ,block #df at ,bu*5wald1 ,dr4 ,d+ %[$ him an ord] sign$ by ,grawitz 9 :i* ,d+ 0 commission$ explicitly to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts4 ,dr4 ,morg5 has fur!r /at$ t he _h to report to ,grawitz p]sonally ab\t ! result ( 8 inve/igations z an exam9+ magi/rate at ,bu*5wald4 ,! results "h1 too1 accord+ to ! affidavit giv5 by ,dr4 ,morg5 %[$ t ,grawitz ord]$ ! exp]im5ts4 ,on ?is occasion he call$ ,dr4 ,d+ 88 man10 & said he w\ld be v sorry if ! inve/igation caus$ any *>ges to be br\ght aga9/ ,dr4 ,d+1 s9ce he _h employ$ him = ! exp]im5ts4 ,morg5 emphasiz$ t ! "n ( ,mrug[sky 0 n m5tion$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 conv]sations ) ,d+ & ,grawitz4 ,?is cle>ly %[s1 ,i ?9k1 t ,mrug[sky _h no?+ to d ) ,block #df at ,bu*5wald4 ,z fur!r evid5ce t ,d+ 0 actually subord9ate to ,mrug[sky 9 ,block #df1 ! prosecution ref]r$ to ! sket*es design$ by ,mrug[sky4 7,,no-#daf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bb & ,,no-#dag1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bc47 ,^! pictures %[ t ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* 9 ,bu*5wald 0 subord9ate to ,mrug[sky2 ,mrug[sky does n d5y ?is4 ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* 0 only ,block #ej4 ,block #df 0 call$ z =m]ly 8,exp]im5tal ,/ation ( ! ,conc5tration ,camp ,bu*5wald40 ,mrug[sky's lett] j quot$ %[s ?is4 ,block #df 0 m]ely atta*$ to ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* )\t e/abli%+ !reby any relation%ip ( subord9ation to ,mrug[sky4 ,?is is describ$ & prov$ 9 detail 9 my clos+ brief4 ,f ! two sket*es design$ by ,mrug[sky1 %[+ t ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* 0 "u 8 control f its e/abli%m5t to ! end ( ! w>1 no?+ c be d$uc$1 !re=e1 ab\t :e!r he 0 ,d+'s sup]ior 9 ,block #df4 ,?is fact & ! fur!r evid5ce br\ght 9 my clos+ brief demon/rate t ,block #df at ,bu*5wald 0 n subord9ate to ,mrug[sky4 ,!re=e1 ,mrug[sky be>s no responsibility = ! typhus exp]im5ts 9 ,block #df4 ,9 ?is connection1 ,i want to emphasize t ,mrug[sky nev] d5i$ t he knew ! typhus exp]im5ts at ,bu*5wald 7 ord]$ by ,grawitz & c>ri$ out by ,dr4 ,d+4 ,he nev] d5i$ t he saw1 = in/ance1 ! report ab\t ! s]ies ,i ( ! exp]im5ts1 :i* he rewrote 9 8 lett] ( ,may #e1 #aidb1 & t he saw ,d+'s essay ab\t acrid9e :i* ,d+ s5t to ,grawitz = approval to publi% #ah mon?s aft] ! exp]im5ts 7 complet$1 & :i* ,grawitz !n gave to ,mrug[sky to return to ,d+4 ,b f ?is k1 no responsibility on ! "p ( ,mrug[sky c be d$uc$ = ! typhus exp]im5ts4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 ord]$ by ,himml] & ,grawitz z 8 highe/ milit>y sup]iors4 ,z a m$ical (fic] ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,mrug[sky _h no possibility at all ( oppos+ ^! exp]im5ts ord]$ by 8 sup]iors4 ,:5 ,grawitz fir/ sugge/$ ! exp]im5ts1 he resi/$ at once1 & induc$ him to ask = a decision f ,himml] z ! highe/ sup]ior4 ,himml] decid$ aga9/ ,mrug[sky4 ,"u ^! conditions ,mrug[sky c\ld d no m4 ,8 opposition1 h[ev]1 result$ 9 ! fact t he 0 n commission$ ) ! exp]im5ts1 b t ,d+ receiv$ ! ord] = execution4 ,nor has ! prosecution br\ght any evid5ce to %[ t ,mrug[sky subsequ5tly int]v5$ 9 any way 9 ! typhus exp]im5ts at ,bu*5wald2 t he fur!r$ !m1 or p>ticipat$ 9 !m 9 any way4 ,on acc\nt ( ! fact t ,mrug[sky knew ab\t ! typhus exp]im5ts1 no *>ge c be made aga9/ him "u crim9al law1 because nei!r 9 law nor 9 fact _h he any possibility ( prev5t+ ! exp]im5ts or en=c+ _! cessation lat] on4 ,! prosecution fur!r bas$ its *>ge aga9/ ,mrug[sky on ! depositions ( sev]al witnesses to ! effect t he _h be5 ,d+'s *ief 9 ,block #df1 also ins(> z ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,d+ 9 ,block #df 7 conc]n$4 ,i h en]getically conte/$ ?is4 ,all ! /atem5ts produc$ by ! prosecution 9 ?is respect orig9ate f ,d+4 ,none ( ^! /atem5ts comes f anybody :o work$ 9 ,block #df himself4 ,x is significant t ! prosecution has n be5 able to submit "o s+le ord] giv5 by ,mrug[sky to ,d+ = ! execution ( typhus exp]im5ts1 al?\gh its witness1 ,bala*[sky1 /at$ t ,kogon _h manag$ to collect & secure ext5sive evid5ce :i* he _h h&$ ov] to ! ,am]ican ,army4 ,if !re _h be5 any writt5 ord]s f ,mrug[sky to ,d+1 ! latt] w\ld c]ta9ly n h de/roy$ !m = ! sake ( 8 own protection1 & ,kogon w\ld h giv5 !m to ! ,am]ican ,army ) 8 o!r docum5ts4 ,x is true t ! witness ,kogon 7^: unreliability ,i %all prove lat]7 ma9ta9s t ,mrug[sky gave mo/ly only oral ord]s to ,d+4 ,b he fur!r te/ifi$ t f ! ye> #aidc onw>ds1 ,d+ 0 no long] satisfi$ ) oral ord]s f ,mrug[sky b ask$ = !m to be giv5 9 writ+4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 n a s+le writt5 ord] f ,mrug[sky to ,d+ conc]n+ ! execution ( a s]ies ( typhus exp]im5ts 0 produc$4 ,! only witness :o might be able to /ate f 8 own k any?+ ab\t ! ord] giv5 to ,d+ 9 respect ( ! typhus exp]im5ts is ! witness ,dr4 ,morg54 ,i j indicat$ t ,morg5 saw ! ord] giv5 by ,grawitz to ,d+ = ! execution ( ! typhus exp]im5ts1 & t ,grawitz p]sonally told ,dr4 ,morg5 t ,d+ 0 8 man at ,bu*5wald & said he employ$ him !re4 ,! error ( ! witnesses1 :o /at$ t ,mrug[sky _h be5 ,d+'s *ief1 results f ! fact t ,d+ 0 dep5d5t on ,mrug[sky 9 respect ( ! production ( vacc9e 9 ,block #ej & also conc]n+ 8 activity z a hygi5i/4 ,i prov$ 9 my clos+ brief t f #aidb to #aide ,d+ 0 only work+ on ! typhus vacc9e exp]im5ts = ab\t #b mon?s1 if "o adds up all ! h\rs he work$ on !m4 ,all ! re/ ( 8 activity 9 approximately #c ye>s 0 devot$ to ! vacc9e production & ! "w ( a hygi5i/1 t is1 "w 9 :i* he 0 ,mrug[sky's subord9ate4 ,x is compreh5sible t dur+ ! approximate p]iod ( #cc mon?s :5 he work$ = ,mrug[sky1 he receiv$ _m m ord]s f him ?an f ,grawitz = ! execution ( ! #ac typhus vacc9e exp]im5ts4 ,x is1 !re=e1 compreh5sible t ! ma9 "p ( 8 correspond5ce "u ^! circum/ances 0 c>ri$ on ) ,mrug[sky4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! description ( ! prosecution :i* h>dly spoke ( any?+ except ! typhus vacc9e exp]im5ts1 & only produc$ docum5ts !reon1 ! impression 0 c]ta9ly giv5 t ! typhus vacc9e exp]im5ts 7 ,d+'s ma9 activity at ,bu*5wald4 ,t is n s4 ,9 8 ma9 activity at ,bu*5wald1 ,d+ 0 ,mrug[sky's subord9ate4 ,!re=e1 because 8 ma9 correspond5ce 0 ) ,mrug[sky & he call$ ,mrug[sky 8 sup]ior1 "o _c assume t also 9 respect ( ! typhus vacc9e exp]im5ts !re 0 "s connection betwe5 ,mrug[sky & ,d+1 & t ,mrug[sky p>ticipat$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts 9 any way or 0 responsible = !m4 ,! prosecution did n d5y t su* d\ble subord9ation1 z x exi/$ betwe5 ,d+ on ! "o h& & ,grawitz & ,mrug[sky on ! o!r1 is possible 9 a milit>y organization & happ5$ frequ5tly4 ,i c ref] also 9 ?is respect to ! /atem5t 9 my clos+ brief4 ,! te/imony ( ! witness ,kogon & ,d+'s di>y 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg7 are ! *ief items ( evid5ce submitt$ by ! prosecution aga9/ ,mrug[sky4 ,?is is :y1 9 my clos+ brief1 ,i expla9$ 9 detail t nei!r ,kogon's /atem5t nor ! ,d+ di>y furni% any sub/antial pro(4 ,z to ,kogon's te/imony1 ,i want to emphasize once m ! pr9cipal po9ts3 ,kogon describ$ on ! witness /& ! dramatic circum/ances "u :i* he pret5ds to h sav$ ! s-call$ ,d+ di>y4 ,i ne$n't po9t out t ! p>ticul> occurr5ces :i* happ5$ :5 he sav$ ! di>y w\ld h impress$ him s mu* t he w\ld n =get !m if 8 /atem5t 7 true4 ,!re=e1 he c\ldn't possibly give a diff]5t description ( ?is ev5t on sev]al diff]5t occasions4 ,9 fact1 9 ! doctors' trial & 9 ! ,pohl trial1#fa he gave two reports ab\t ! way he alleg$ly sav$ ! di>y4 ,^! reports diff] s fundam5tally & 9 a mann] :i* c\ld only be possible if 8 cont5tion t he sav$ ! di>y is untrue1 & ! descriptions he gives ( ?is ev5t are pure inv5tion4 ,kogon /at$ 9 ! doctors' trial t ,d+ sort$ ! secret docum5ts to be burn$ 9 ,block #df4 ,:ile ,d+ & ,dietzs* w5t into ! adjo9+ room = a mom5t1 he ?rew ! di>y & a heap ( pap]s into a box to save !m f de/ruction4 ,two days lat] he _h told ,d+ t he _h sav$ ! di>y & a heap ( o!r pap]s f be+ de/roy$ & receiv$ p]mission to fet* !m f ,block #df2 o!rwise1 he w\ldn't h be5 able to get !m out4 ,he fet*$ !m & kept !m ev] s9ce4 ,?is description is q plausible & w\ld be h>d to refute if !re 0 n ,kogon's own te/imony 9 ! ,pohl trial4 ,9 ! ,pohl trial1 ! same ,kogon te/ifi$ ab\t ?ree mon?s lat] t he 0 /&+ ) ,d+ & ,dietzs* at ! same table :5 ! secret docum5ts 7 sort$ = de/ruction4 ,sudd5ly ,d+ pu%$ ! di>y & o!r pap]s t[>ds him4 ,he took !m & c>ri$ !m to ,block #ej1 toge!r ) ,d+4 ,d+ did n "k at ?is "t t ,kogon _h ! di>y & ! o!r docum5ts ) him1 b he told ,d+ ?is on ! same day4 ,a m /rik+ contradiction ?an ^! two /atem5ts ab\t ! sav+ ( ! di>y is h>dly possible4 ,if ,kogon _h really sav$ ! di>y 9 ! way he describ$ 9 ! doctors' trial1 !n ! mom5t :5 he ?rew ! di>y into ! box & 8 reflections dur+ ! two days be=e he told ,d+ t ! di>y _h n be5 burn$ w\ld h rema9$ indelibly 9 8 memory4 ,he w\ld h rememb]$ ! way f ,block #df to ,block #ej to fet* ! di>y & ! way back ) ! di>y s well1 t a diff]5t description w\ld be impossible4 ,also1 if ! pres]vation ( ! di>y _h occurr$ 9 ! way describ$ by ,kogon 9 ! ,pohl trial1 x c]ta9ly w\ld h be5 recollect$ by him s cle>ly t a diff]5t description w\ld also be impossible4 ,s ! two descriptions ab\t ! pres]vation ( ! di>y1 diff]+ s fundam5tally f ea* o!r1 c only be expla9$ 9 two ways4 ,ei!r ,kogon's /atem5t is untrue & he didn't save ! di>y at all--9 ?is case1 if he told ! ,tribunal a falsehood ab\t su* an important po9t1 !n 8 :ole te/imony is unreliable--or ,kogon mu/ h su* a bad memory t 8 contradictions 9 8 te/imony c be expla9$ !refrom4 ,9 ?is case1 too1 8 entire te/imony w\ld h no probative value on acc\nt ( 8 bad memory4 ,! ,dietzs* te/imony submitt$ by me speaks aga9/ ! correctness ( ,kogon's /atem5t on ! sav+ ( ! di>y4 ,dietzs* /ates t dur+ ! de/ruction ( ! secret docum5ts 9 ,block #df ,d+ tore up ! di>y 9 8 pres5ce & ?rew x into ! light$ /ove :]e x 0 burn$4 ,dietzs* decl>$ explicitly t ,d+ made sure t all ! docum5ts 7 entirely burn$ aft] ! de/ruction ( ! pap]s 0 f9i%$4 ,i %\ld say t ,dietzs*'s /atem5t comb9$ ) ! contradiction betwe5 ! two /atem5ts ( ,kogon's proves t :at ,kogon said ab\t ! sav+ ( ! di>y is a falsehood4 ,9 my clos+ brief ,i dealt 9 detail ) /ill fur!r po9ts on :i* ! /atem5ts made by ,kogon 9 ! doctors' trial & 9 ! ,pohl trial contradict ea* o!r 9 a simil>ly m>k$ mann] conc]n+ ! pres]vation ( ! di>y4 ,x w n be necess>y to repeat all ^! argum5ts "h4 ,i %\ld l to ref] ! ,tribunal to !m4 ,! second ma9 evid5ce ( ! prosecution aga9/ ,mrug[sky is ! di>y :i* is said to h be5 sav$4 ,! two fanta/ic descriptions ( ! sav+ ( ! di>y giv5 by ,kogon are unreliable4 ,!re=e1 ,dietzs* mu/ be believ$4 ,he said t ,d+ burn$ ! orig9al di>y ( ,block #df 9 8 pres5ce4 ,?is /atem5t is support$ by ! op9ion giv5 by ! h&writ+ exp]ts1 ,zettn] & ,na/vogel1 treat$ 9 detail 9 my clos+ brief4 ,9 ! meantime ! prosecution decl>$ :ile discuss+ ! ,beiglboeck evid5ce t x c\ld h h&writ+ exam9$ to det]m9e ! date ( its orig9 at an in/itute 9 ,frankfurt & also docum5ts inve/igat$ 9 e way4 ,! prosecution !reupon /ress$ explicitly t ,i also _h ! ,d+ di>y exam9$ by exp]ts4 ,! ,d+ di>y is ( importance = ! prosecution = ! *>ges aga9/ sev]al def5dants4 ,!re=e1 ! prosecution ought to h f\nd x m important to h ! g5u95ess ( ! ,d+ di>y exam9$ r ?an ! ,beiglboeck docum5ts4 ,d+ sign$ 9 ink4 ,s ! in/itute at ,frankfurt w\ld h be5 able to asc]ta9 )\t any difficulty :e!r ! signature on ! fir/ page is sev]al ye>s old] ?an ! signature on ! la/ page4 ,fur!rmore1 ! in/itute c\ld h asc]ta9$ )\t any difficulty :e!r ! :ole di>y f ! end ( ! ye> #aida till spr+ #aide 0 writt5 on exactly ! same pap] or n4 ,b ! prosecution did n h& ! di>y to ?is in/itute = exam9ation4 ,?is fact %[s t x 0 itself conv9c$ t su* exam9ation w\ld n h giv5 a result favorable to ! prosecution4 ,9 my op9ion1 ?is is a p>ticul>ly /rong argum5t = ! assumption t ! di>y 0 really compos$ & writt5 subsequ5tly4 ,i also want to ref] ! ,tribunal to my clos+ brief ) ref]5ce to ?is po9t4 ,! probative value ( a di>y lies 9 ! fact t ! man :o kept x _c =esee ! future developm5t :5 mak+ 8 entries4 ,!re=e x is to be presum$ t ! entries portray ! ev5ts objectively & 9 _! entirety4 ,if a docum5t :i* is subsequ5tly compos$ is giv5 ! ext]nal =m ( a di>y1 "o c d$uce !refrom ! int5tion to influ5ce ! read] 9 a c]ta9 direction & also to deceive him = ?is purpose4 ,t is ! reason :y any record writt5 subsequ5tly & made up 9 ! =m ( a di>y has no probative value4 ,! prosecution tri$ to %[ t ! ,d+ di>y is ( probative value by comp>+ its cont5ts ) a numb] ( docum5ts hav+ ! same cont5ts z ! entries 9 ! di>y4 ,9 my clos+ brief ,i dealt ) ^! docum5ts 9 detail & prov$ t !y all1 )\t exception1 came f ,d+4 ,all docum5ts :i* ! prosecution comp>$ ) ! di>y1 ,d+ /ill _h at h& :5 he made ! belat$ compilation aft] ! orig9al di>y _h be5 burn$4 ,!y are v\*]s he us$ = ! entries he made 9 ! di>y we h n[4 ,!re=e1 x _c be d$uc$ f ! con=mity ( ^! docum5ts & ! di>y t ! latt] is good evid5ce4 ,"o ( ! docum5ts ! prosecution comp>$ ) ! di>y is ! s-call$ "w report ( ,d+4 ,?is "w report is really only a draft :i* 0 n sign$ & 0 n s5t to ,mrug[sky4 ,i expla9$ ?is 9 detail 9 my clos+ brief & (f]$ evid5ce = x4 ,accord+ to ,kogon's /atem5t1 ?is draft ( ! report 0 writt5 9 ,block #ej by ! second comp\nd cl]k4 ,su* draft has no probative value unless x is sign$ by ! p]son :o %\ld sign x4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 x w\ld h be5 ,d+4 ,mr4 ,h>dy admitt$ t ?is "w report 0 only prep>$ = signature by ,d+4 ,he !reby admitt$ t x 0 n sign$4 ,!re=e1 ! draft has no probative value4 ,if ^! ?ree ma9 elem5ts ( evid5ce fail1 ,kogon's /atem5t1 ! "w report1 & ! ,d+ dairy1 ! *ief "p ( ! evid5ce br\ght =w>d aga9/ ,mrug[sky fails4 ,! prosecution cont5d$ 9 its summ+-up t ! exp]im5tal subjects volunte]$ nei!r = ! typhus exp]im5ts nor = ! o!r exp]im5ts at ,bu*5wald4 ,9 respect ( ! o!r exp]im5ts1 ?is is n correct4 ,i %all deal ) ?is lat]4 ,9 respect to ! typhus exp]im5ts1 x may be correct t mo/ ( ! exp]im5tal subjects did n volunte]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! clos+ brief ( ! prosecution %[s no allegation = ! p]iod up to ! fall ( #aidc t ,mrug[sky _h any?+ to d ) ! selection ( ! prison]s = ! exp]im5ts4 ,?is is correct & 0 also put 9 9 my clos+ brief4 ,9 autumn #aidc accord+ to ! cont5tions ( ! prosecution1 aga9 rely+ on ,kogon's te/imony1 ,d+ is said to h ask$ ,mrug[sky = ! exp]im5tal subjects to be *os5 by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,?is /atem5t ( ,kogon's is also untrue4 ,i h po9t$ ?is out 9 detail 9 my writt5 /atem5t4 ,9 ?is connection1 ! prosecution m5tions ,himml]'s ord] ( #bg ,febru>y #aidd relat+ to ! selection ( ! prison]s by ! ,rei* police ag5cy4 ,b ?is ord] ( ,himml] 0 n giv5 pursuant to a sugge/ion made by ,mrug[sky4 ,x is really due to ! attempts ( ,dr4 ,morg54 ,he expla9$ ?is accurately 9 8 affidavit ( #bc ,may #aidg1 :i* ,i (f]$ 9 evid5ce4 ,s x is an e/abli%$ fact t until autumn #aidc ,mrug[sky _h no?+ to d ) ! selection ( ! prison]s1 & t f ?is "t on1 ! prison]s = ! typhus exp]im5ts 7 *os5 by ! ,rei* crim9al police ag5cy pursuant to ,himml]'s ord] sugge/$ by ,dr4 ,morg51 s t aft] ?is "t ,mrug[sky _h also no?+ to d ) ! *oice ( ! prison]s4 ,! prosecution calls ! typhus exp]im5ts crim9al1 9 p>ticul>1 because control p]sons 7 us$ & above all because ( ! alleg$ 8passage p]sons04#fb ,z to ! control p]sons1 ,i expla9$ at l5g? 9 my clos+ brief t su* vacc9e exp]im5ts are impossible )\t ! use ( control subjects & lead to no practical result )\t !m4 ,if "o takes ! ,d+ di>y = in=mation1 x appe>s t 9 a numb] ( te/ s]ies ! cultural virus us$ 0 no long] pa?og5ic to human be+s4 ,if no control p]sons _h be5 infect$1 ! fact t ! exp]im5tal p]sons 7 n tak5 ill w\ld h be5 expla9$ z a consequ5ce ( ! protection obta9$ by ! vacc9ation4 ,?is w\ld h l$ to entirely wrong d$uctions & to ! use ( inf]ior vacc9es 9 practice4 ,if "o consid]s ! typhus exp]im5ts z admissible1 ! use ( control subjects is1 !re=e1 indisp5sable4 ,i expla9$ ?is 9 detail 9 my clos+ brief4 ,on ! o!r h& !re 0 no ju/ification = ! use ( passage p]sons :o 7 infect$ m]ely 9 ord] to h live virus always on h&4 ,i h demon/rat$ 9 my writt5 argum5ts t su* passage p]sons 7 nev] us$4 ,until ,april #aidc !re 0 no reason to use !m4 ,= until ,april #aidc x is /at$ explicitly 9 ! ,d+ di>y t 9 ea* s]ies ( exp]im5ts ! infection 0 p]=m$ by means ( cultural virus br$ 9 ! yolk sacs ( h5s' eggs :i* ,d+ obta9$ f ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 9 ,b]l94 ,aft] #aa ,april #aidc1 ,d+ infect$ ) fre% blood tak5 f p]sons suff]+ f typhus4 ,b dur+ ?is p]iod1 too1 ! use ( passage p]sons 0 sup]flu\s because ,d+ always _h p]sons at 8 disposal :o _h contract$ typhus spontane\sly1 & he c\ld take ! fre% infect$ blood f !m4 ,if ! prosecution _h want$ to br+ evid5ce to %[ t passage p]sons 7 us$ 9 ,block #df1 ?is c\ld h be5 done be/ ( all by ,d+ & ,dietzs*4 ,! prosecution produc$ /atem5ts f bo? 9 :i* ! "q ( ! passage p]sons is n m5tion$4 ,! prosecution knew f ! exam9ation ( ,mrug[sky on ! witness /& t he d5i$ ! use ( passage p]sons4 ,:5 ,i said at ! end ( ! pres5tation ( my evid5ce t ,i did n call ,dietzs* to ! witness /& b only (f]$ an affidavit f him1 ,mr4 ,h>dy ask$ ! ,tribunal = p]mission to int]rogate ,dietzs* on c]ta9 facts4 ,h[ev]1 he nev] produc$ a record ( su* an int]rogation4 ,?is is fur!r evid5ce t ,dietzs* did n confirm ! use ( passage p]sons4 ,all ! witnesses :o te/ifi$ on ! use ( passage p]sons did n "w 9 ,block #df4 ,!y1 !re=e1 "k no?+ f _! own obs]vation1 b only ?r\gh ?ird p]sons4 ,dr4 ,morg5 discov]$ no?+ ab\t passage p]sons dur+ 8 inve/igations z an exam9+ magi/rate 9 ,block #df 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,s !re is no conclusive evid5ce ( any k9d to %[ t passage p]sons 7 us$ 9 ,block #df4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i prov$ 9 my clos+ brief t passage p]sons actually 7 n us$4 ,if ! ,tribunal 71 nev]!less1 to assume t ! use ( passage p]sons 0 prov$1 !re w\ld be no guilt ( ,mrug[sky involv$ 9 ! use ( ^! passage p]sons because ,i demon/rat$ t ,d+ 0 n 8 subord9ate 9 respect ( 8 activity 9 ,block #df1 & also !re is no evid5ce :atev] to %[ t he ev5 z mu* z knew ab\t ! use ( passage p]sons4 ,9 my writt5 /atem5ts1 ,i !n dealt 9 detail ) ! exp]im5ts ) acrid9e prep>ations )9 ! framework ( ! typhus exp]im5ts4 ,i prov$ t ,d+ did n obta9 ^! prep>ations f ,mrug[sky b f ! ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b59du/rie ,a4 ,g4 ,!re is no evid5ce :atev] to %[ t ,mrug[sky _h any k ( ^! exp]im5ts p]=m$ by ,d+4 ,d+'s report on ! acrid9e exp]im5ts submitt$ = publication 0 h&$ to ,mrug[sky by ,grawitz only ab\t #ah mon?s aft] ! t]m9ation ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,!re=e1 no *>ge c be made aga9/ ,mrug[sky "u crim9al law = ! exp]im5ts ) acrid9e prep>ations :i* caus$ a p>ticul>ly high numb] ( dea?s4 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky 99 99 99 99 99 ,convalesc5ce ,s]um1 ,blood ,cons]vation1 & ,blood ,s]um ,cons]vation ,,convalesc5ce ,,s]um ,9 ,d+'s di>y 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg7 two entries are f\nd conc]n+ ! tak+ ( blood = ! purpose ( extract+ convalesc5ce s]um4 ,dur+ ! p]iod f #bf ,may to #ab ,june #aidd1 #f1ejj cc4 ( blood 7 tak5 f #ae def]vesc5t typhus pati5ts1 & betwe5 #ac ,octob] & #ca ,octob] #aidd1 #bj1hjj cc4 ( blood 7 tak5 f #dd def]vesc5t typhus pati5ts4 ,! blood 0 tak5 betwe5 ! #ab? #ad? & ! #ba/ day foll[+ ! disappe>ance ( ! fev]4 ,?us an av]age ( #dfe cc4 = ea* pati5t c be calculat$4 ,! witness = ! prosecution1 ,kogon1 has te/ifi$ on ?is "q4 7,tr4 pp4 #aaib-c47 ,8 /atem5t conta9s sev]al s]i\s mis9t]pretations4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x mu/ be /ress$ t ! tak+ ( blood f a convalesc5t pati5t by no means con/itutes an 8exp]im5t10 z indicat$ by ,mr4 ,mc,haney4 ,:at w\ld be ! exp]im5t 9 t case8 ,! only ?+ to f9d out is :e!r ! p]son 9 "q is suitable or n = ! tak+ ( blood4 ,ev5 ,kogon admits t ! tak+ ( blood f convalesc5t pati5ts is an ord9>y proc$ure4 ,i h prov$ ! same ?+ ?r\gh ,mrug[sky #ad1 ,mrug[sky ,exhibit #cg4 ,! same appe>s f ! affidavit ( ! exp]t1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,siebeck4 7,mrug[sky #ae1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #ch47 ,!re x says3 899 99 99 ,x is correct t 9 ! case ( typhus1 convalesc5ce s]um is frequ5tly us$ = !rapeutical purposes 99 99 9940 ,! exp]t1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,vollh>dt1 also confess$ to ! same op9ion4 ,x is !n a fact t ! tak+ ( blood f =m] typhus pati5ts dur+ convalesc5ce is1 9 pr9ciple1 9 accordance ) m$ical usage4 ,x has be5 prov$ t no objections c be rais$ aga9/ ! treatm5t 9 ,block #df4 ,accord+ly1 x is v improbable t ! physician 9 *>ge %\ld h expos$ p>ticul>ly a/h5ic pati5ts to ! tak+ ( blood4 ,! witness ,dorn has /at$ t ! deliv]y ( drugs to ,block #df took place ?r\gh ! prison hospital & t he p]sonally dis*>g$ ! deliv]ies twice a week4 ,fur!rmore1 ! exam9+ judge1 ,dr4 ,morg5 7,mrug[sky #bc1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #bf7 demon/rat$ t ev5 9 #aidd-- 899 99 99 ! treatm5t & supply ( ! sick p]sons 0 c>eful & good 9 e respect4 ,accord+ to ! impression ,i ga9$1 ! sick p]sons 7 treat$ simil> to ^? 9 a good milit>y hospital40 ,?is is also confirm$ ?r\gh ! indictm5t ( ,morg5 aga9/ ,ko*4 7,,no-#bcff1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ebf47 ,consequ5tly1 !re is no reason to d\bt t !y 7 9 a condition favorable to ! tak+ ( blood & t ?is con/itut$ no dang] = !m4 ,mrug[sky express$ 8 op9ion on ?is "q dur+ 8 exam9ation4 7,tr4 p4 #eaff47 ,he po9t$ out t ! tak+ ( blood 9 a quantity n exce$+ #ejj cc4 is 9 complete compliance ) m$ical regulations & t ! convalesc5t pati5ts receiv$ additional food z comp5sation = ! loss ( blood4 ,9 8 affidavit ,dr4 ,ell5beck prop\nd$ 8 view conc]n+ ! extraction ( typhus convalesc5ce s]um4 7,mrug[sky #abj1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #aaj47 ,f ?is x appe>s t ,ell5beck also receiv$ blood f pati5ts belong+ to ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 consequ5tly n exclusively f prison]s 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,9 ! above-m5tion$ docum5t 7,mrug[sky #ae1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #ch7 ,pr(essor ,siebeck expressly po9ts out3 8,x is at lea/ q improbable1 if n impossible1 = human be+s1 :o are 9 ! convalesc5t /age ( typhus1 to be s h>m$ by a s+le bloodlett+ ( #dci cc4 t !y die aft] a c]ta9 p]iod has elaps$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! loss ( blood40 ,! same op9ion is endors$ by ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,vollh>dt4 ,9 face ( ?is evid5ce no support is to be f\nd = ! ass]tion ( ,kogon t _m convalesc5t pati5ts di$ at t "t1 nor = 8 suspicion t !y di$ z a consequ5ce ( ! tak+ ( blood4 ,! result ( ?is exposition !n is t3 #a4 ,! tak+ ( blood = ! purpose ( extraction ( convalesc5ce s]um is n an exp]im5t b a m$ical measure4 ,x is n crim9al b cu/om>y ?r\gh\t ! _w4 #b4 ,! ble$+s 7 c>ri$ out accord+ to ! regulations ( m$ical sci5ce4 #c4 ,! quantities tak5 7 bel[ ! usual limit1 probably ev5 v f> bel[4 #d4 ,x is absolutely impossible t any p]son :atsoev] di$ z a consequ5ce ( ! tak+ ( blood4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! blood pressure ( p]sons convalesc+ f typhus1 9 p>ticul>1 is (t5 too l[4 ,_! blood vessels are /ill n z ela/ic z be=e4 ,9 su* cases1 a )drawal ( blood )9 ! normal limits is v (t5 a practic$ me?od ( reliev+ ! circulation4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,blood ,,s]um ,fur!rmore1 ,kogon /ates t ,dr4 ,ell5beck c>ri$ out ! tak+ ( blood 9 ! small camp to obta9 a /ock ( blood s]um4 7,tr4 p4 #aaib47 ,kogon fur!r /ates t 9 ! "p ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp1 :]e blood 0 tak51 !re 7 en\gh volunte]s & !y receiv$ additional food4 ,he answ]$ ! "q z to :e!r anybody di$ z a consequ5ce ( ! tak+ ( blood z foll[s3 899 99 99 ,x is impossible to e/abli% :e!r anybody di$ directly or indirectly z a consequ5ce ( ! tak+ ( blood 99 99 9940 ,dr4 ,ell5beck made ! foll[+ /atem5t conc]n+ t "q3 8,f ! fall ( #aidd onw>ds1 z f> z ,i "k by reque/ ( ! lead+ physician ( ! conc5tration camps1 ! dep>tm5t = ! cons]vation ( blood produc$ a cons]v$ blood s]um to be us$ = ! em]g5cy treatm5t ( prison]s s9ce drugs became m & m sc>ce4 ,i _h no?+ :atsoev] to d ) ! draw+ ( blood & ! supply4 ,i _h ! blood s5t to ,b]l94 ,on acc\nt ( reasons to be f\nd 9 ! a]ial w>f>e1 ! production ( ?is cons]v$ blood s]um 0 only v small4 8,kogon ma9ta9$ t ,,ss m$ical p]sonnel f ,b]l9 drew ! blood = ?is cons]v$ blood s]um4 ,t is untrue4 ,no ,,ss m$ical p]sonnel came f ,b]l9 to ,bu*5wald 9 ord] to fet* blood1 b ord9>y c\ri]s came :o 7 n 9 a position to draw ! blood40 7,mrug[sky #abj1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #aaj47 ,!re=e ^! am\nts ( blood1 too1 7 only small4 ,ell5beck c /ate positively t su* /ocks ( s]um 7 n made = o!r purposes 9 8 laboratory4 ,! m$ical (fic] ( ! conc5tration camp gave him ! ord]4 ,! /ocks ( s]um he _h prep>$ 7 made available to him aga94 99 99 99 8,to ! "q z to :e!r p di$ aft] ! removal ( blood1 ,i ref] to ! above-quot$ /atem5ts ( ! speciali/s1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,vollh>dt & ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,siebeck40 ,i w\ld also l to po9t out t accord+ to ,kogon's /atem5t1 ,dr4 ,ell5beck himself saw to x t ! prison]s actually receiv$ _! additional food aft] ! removal ( blood4 ,! prison]s volunte]$ = ! removal ( blood & receiv$ additional food = x4 ,t somebody di$ z a consequ5ce ( ! removal ( blood is a /atem5t )\t any basis4 ,i _c imag9e h[ a crim9al "* c be atta*$ to ?is removal ( blood4 ,! tak+ ( blood f volunte]s is n crim9al 9 any way4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,pros4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#dbi #bha ,extract f ! affidavit ( def5dant #eee ,hov51 #bd ,octob] #aidf1 conc]n+ typhus & virus exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#bfe #bhg ,di>y ( ! division = typhus & #eeg virus rese>* at ! ,in/itute ( ,hygi5e ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 #aida to #aide 7,d+ di>y74 ,,no-#beg #bhc ,extract f ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,erw9 #egb ,s*ul]1 #bj ,july #aide1 conc]n+ typhus exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#ega #bhe #aidc "w report = dep>tm5t = #egc typhus & virus rese>*4 ,,no-#aba #bic ,lett] f ,haag5 to ,hirt1 #ae ,novemb] #egh #aidc1 conc]n+ prison]s to be us$ z exp]im5tal subjects = te/s ) typhus vacc9e4 ,,no-#abb #bih ,lett] dictat$ by ,rose1 address$ to #egi ,haag51 #ac ,decemb] #aidc1 conc]n+ exp]im5tal subjects = vacc9e exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#abc #cjc ,lett] f ,haag5 to ,hirt1 #i ,m>* #aidd1 #ehj conc]n+ exp]im5ts conduct$ ) typhus vacc9e & reque/+ exp]im5tal subjects4 ,,no-#aci #cag ,lett] f ,dr4 ,grunske to ,haag51 #g #eha ,m>* #aidd1 conc]n+ reports on yell[ fev] virus exp]im5ts reque/$ by a ,japanese m$ical (fic]4 ,def5se ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,def4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,rose #af ,rose #ab ,extracts f ! affidavit ( ,pr(essor #eha ,otto ,l5z1 director ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 9 ,b]l94 ,rose #df ,rose #bj ,extract f a c]tifi$ /atem5t1 #d #ehb ,m>* #aidg1 ( ,j4 ,o]skov1 ,m4 ,d41 director ( ! ,/ate ,s]um ,in/itute 9 ,cop5hag54 ,te/imony ,extracts f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,eug5 ,kogon #ehc ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,rose #ehf ,extract f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,mrug[sky #eie ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5se witness ,dr4 ,eug5 ,haag5 #fjf ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dbi ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bha ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,def5dant ,,hov51 #bd ,,octob] #aidf1 ,,conc]n+ ,,typhus ,,& ,,virus ,,exp]im5ts ,i1 ,waldem> ,hov51 be+ duly sworn1 depose & /ate3 99 99 99 99 99 ,typhus & ,virus ,exp]im5ts #d4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( #aida an exp]im5tal /ation 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp 9 ord] to det]m9e ! effectiv5ess ( v>i\s typhus vacc9es4 ,?is section 0 call$ ! 8,typhus ,exp]im5tal ,/ation--,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*0 & 0 "u ! direct sup]vision ( ,dr4 ,d+1 alias ,s*ul]4 ,?is exp]im5tal /ation 0 set up 9 ,block #df ( ! camp4 ,! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 9 ,b]l91 "u ! comm& ( ,dr4 ,joa*im ,mrug[sky1 receiv$ all ! reports ( ^! activities & ,dr4 ,d+ took ord]s f ,mrug[sky4 ,9 ! e>ly days1 t is1 betwe5 #aida & ! summ] ( #aidc1 ,dr4 ,d+ _h _m meet+s 9 ,b]l9 ) ,dr4 ,k>l ,g5zk5 conc]n+ 8 "w at ,bu*5wald 9 connection ) ! typhus exp]im5ts4 ,dr4 ,d+ told me t ,dr4 ,g5zk5 _h a special int]e/ 9 ^! matt]s & t he s5t him reports at v>i\s times4 ,dr4 ,d+ also said t ,dr4 ,k>l ,g5zk5 0 "o ( 8 sup]iors4 ,f my association ) ,dr4 ,d+1 ,i und]/ood t ! *a9 ( comm& 9 ! sup]vision ( ! typhus exp]im5tal /ation 0 z foll[s3 ,rei*s>zt ,,ss ,grawitz1 ,g5zk51 ,mrug[sky1 & ,d+4 #e4 ,i c recollect t ,dr4 ,g5zk5 gave ord]s to ,dr4 ,d+ 9 ,janu>y #aidc to enl>ge ! exp]im5tal /ation4 ,at ?is "t ,block #fj 0 clean$ out & made into a /ation = ! production ( ! v>i\s vacc9es to be us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts at ,block #df4 ,f ?is "t on ! exp]im5tal /ation 0 kn[n z ! 8,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss04 ,!n 9 ! summ] ( #aidc1 ,dr4 ,g5zk5 turn$ all 8 duties ov] to ,dr4 ,mrug[sky1 & f t "t on ,g5zk5 no long] actively p>ticipat$ 9 ^! matt]s4 ,i c recall meet+ ,dr4 ,mrug[sky 9 ! home ( ,dr4 ,d+ on "o ( 8 visits to ,bu*5wald4 #f4 ,inasmu* z ,i 0 con/antly associat$ ) ,dr4 ,d+ at ,bu*5wald1 we became v fri5dly4 ,i frequ5tly discuss$ matt]s ) ,d+ & visit$ 8 exp]im5tal /ation f "t to "t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,dr4 ,d+ _h to g to ,b]l9 = discussions ) ,dr4 ,mrug[sky & o!rs ne>ly #c days out ( e two weeks1 & on su* occasions ,i 0 9 *>ge ( ! typhus in/itute4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ,d+ w5t to ,b]l9 ! exp]im5ts 7 discont9u$ until he return$4 #g4 ,! exp]im5ts 9 ,block #df 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp 7 conduct$ z foll[s3 ,"o gr\p ( victims 0 fir/ vacc9at$ ) ! typhus vacc9e & !n infect$ ) ! typhus virus4 ,9 ord] to contra/ ! effectiv5ess ( ! vacc9e1 ano!r gr\p ( inmates 0 m]ely infect$ ) ! typhus virus )\t previ\s vacc9ation4 ,betwe5 ! autumn ( #aidb & ! summ] ( #aidc ab\t #ejj inmates ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp 7 us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,dur+ my "t ab\t #aj p]c5t ( ! total numb] ( ! inmates us$1 di$ z a result4 ,i he>d t a l>g] numb] ( ! victims di$ aft] my "t1 t is1 ab\t #bj p]c5t4 #h4 ,! selection ( inmates to be us$ = ! purposes ( m$ical exp]im5ts 9 ,block #df by ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* 0 z foll[s3 ,:5ev] ,dr4 ,d+ ne$$ human be+s = 8 "w1 a reque/ 0 made to ! (fice ( ! camp comm&ant & ref]r$ to me = action4 ,usually a man nam$ ,s*ob]1 an ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr]1 notifi$ me to select ! necess>y numb] ( prison]s = ^! purposes4 ,9 accordance ) ?is reque/ ,i select$ v>i\s inmates1 at r&om1 f ! ro/] ( ! camp4 ,!y 7 plac$ on a li/ ov] my signature & return$ to ,s*ob]1 :o (t5 remov$ c]ta9 names f ! li/ = political reasons4 ,9 ! ev5t ( p>ticul> prison]s be+ remov$ f ! li/1 ,i 0 reque/$ to select sub/itutes 9 ord] to provide ,dr4 ,d+ ) ! desir$ numb] ( victims4 ,aft] ,i return$ ! complet$ li/ to ,s*ob]1 x 0 giv5 to ,dr4 ,d+ = approval4 ,he made a f9al *eck to asc]ta91 f a m$ical po9t ( view1 ! physical condition ( ! select$ inmates & to det]m9e :e!r or n !y met ) 8 requirem5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bfe ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bhg ,,di>y ,,( ,,! ,,division ,,= ,,typhus ,,& ,,virus ,,rese>* ,,at ,,! ,,in/itute ,,( ,,hygi5e ,,( ,,! ,,waff5 ,,ss1 #aida ,,to #aide 7,,d+ ,,di>y7 #bi ,dec #da3 ,conf]5ce betwe5 ,army ,sanitation ,inspection ,inspector1 ,g5]al ,*ief ,surgeon ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,h&los]2 ,/ate ,secret>y = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? ( ! ,rei*1 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,dr4 ,conti2 ,presid5t ,pr(essor ,reit] ( ! ,heal? ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,rei*2 ,presid5t ,pr(essor ,gildemei/] ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 7,rei* ,in/itute to ,combat ,contagi\s ,diseases7 & ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] & ,lectur] ,doz5t ,dr4 ,mrug[sky ( ! ,in/itute ( ,hygi5e1 ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,b]l94 ,x has be5 e/abli%$ t ! ne$ exi/s to te/ ! efficacy (1 & resi/ance ( ! human body to1 ! typhus s]um extract$ f ! egg yolks4 ,s9ce te/s on animals are n ( suffici5t value1 te/s on human be+s mu/ be c>ri$ out4 #b ,jan #db3 ,! conc5tration camp ,bu*5wald is *os5 = te/+ ! typhus vacc9es4 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,d+ is *>g$ ) ^! te/s4 #e ,jan #db3 ,prelim9>y te/ ,a3 ,prelim9>y te/ to det]m9e ! sure/ & mo/ practical way ( infect+ human be+s artificially4 ,five exp]im5tal subjects receiv$ intramuscul> & subcutane\s injections ( vitell9e membrane dilut$ #a3be ) an emulsifi$ ,rickettsia-,pr[azeki /ra9 f ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 9 doses ( #a cc4 ,infection 0 n possible4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] #aj ,jan #db3 ,prelim9>y te/ ,b3 ,prelim9>y te/ to e/abli% a sure means ( infection3 ,mu* z 9 smallpox vacc9ation1 #e p]sons 7 infect$ ) vitell9e membrane culture virus 7/ra9 ,rickettsia-,pr[azeki1 ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute7 ?r\gh #b sup]ficial & #b deep] cuts 9 ! upp] arm4 ,all exp]im5tal subjects us$ = ?is te/ fell ill ) g5u9e typhus4 ,incubation p]iod #b to #f days4 #bj ,jan #db3 ,prelim9>y report ( reactions to vacc9ations4 ,?r\gh cont9u\s blood pictures a /rong surplus ( neutrophile myelocytes 0 discov]$4 #bj ,feb #db3 ,case hi/ory & *>ts ( ! prelim9>y te/s to e/abli% a sure means ( infection s5t to ,b]l94 #a dea? out ( #e sick4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] #f ,jan #db3 #a ,feb #db3 ,typhus ,vacc9e1 ,rese>* ,s]ies ,i ,vacc9ation = immunization aga9/ typhus us+ ! foll[+ vacc9es3 #a4 #ca p]sons ) ,weigl vacc9e f ! inte/9es ( lice f ! ,in/itute = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ( ! ,army ,high ,comm&1 ,krak[4 #b4 #ce p]sons ) vacc9e f vitell9e membrane cultures made by ! ,cox1 ,gildemei/]1 & ,haag5 process4 #c4 #ce p]sons ) vacc9e 8,behr+ ,normal0 7#a egg 9 an emulsion ( #dej cc4 vacc9e4 ,mixture ( #gj p]c5t ,rickettsia ,moos]i & #cj p]c5t ,rickettsia-,pr[azeki74 #d4 #cd p]sons ) 8,behr+ ,normal0 8,behr+ ,/rong0 7#a egg emulsifi$ 9 #bej cc4 solv5t74 #e4 #aj p]sons = control4 #c ,m> #db3 ,all p]sons vacc9at$ = immunization betwe5 #f ,jan #db & #a ,feb #db1 & ! #aj control p]sons 7 infect$ ) a virus culture ( ,rickettsia-,pr[azeki 9 ! pres5ce ( ,pr(essor ,gildemei/]4 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ infect$ himself 9 ! process 7laboratory accid5t74 #ag ,m> #db3 ,visit ( ,pr(essor ,gildemei/] & ,pr(essor ,rose 7,head ( ! ,dep>tm5t = ,tropical ,m$ic9e 9 ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute7 to ! exp]im5tal /ation4 ,all p]sons exp]im5t$ on fell sick ) typhus except two :o1 z 0 e/abli%$ lat]1 _h already _h typhus dur+ an epidemic at ! police prison 9 ,b]l94 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ fell sick ) typhus & is 9 ! hospital 9 ,b]l94 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,hov51 /ation m$ical (fic] ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 9 ,weim>1 is sup]vis+ ! /ations 9 ! meantime 7,blocks #dd & #di74 #ai ,apr #db3 ,f9al report on ! #a/ typhus vacc9e rese>* s]ies3 ,/one ,block #df w be made available = ! purpose ( ^! typhus exp]im5ts4 #e dea?s 7#c control p]sons1 #a 8,behr+ ,normal01 & #a 8,behr+ ,/rong074 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] #ai ,aug #db3 #d ,sep #db3 ,typhus ,vacc9e1 ,rese>* ,s]ies ,,ii ,vacc9ation = immunization aga9/ typhus us+ ! foll[+ vacc9es3 #a4 #bj p]sons ) vacc9es made by ! ,dur& & ,gir\d process 7,pa/eur ,in/itute1 ,p>is7 f rabbit lungs4 #b4 #bj p]sons ) vacc9e made by ! process ( ,combiescu1 ,zotta1 & collaborators f dog lungs4 7,produc]3 ,cantacuz9o1 ,bu*>e/47 ,?is vacc9e 0 made available by ,pr(essor ,rose1 :o receiv$ x f ,naval ,doctor ,pr(essor ,ruge f ,bu*>e/4 #ae ,oct #db3 ,artificial infection ( all p]sons vacc9at$ = immunization betwe5 #ai ,septemb] #aidb & #d ,octob] #aidb1 & #ai p]sons = control ) vitell9e membrane virus 7,rickettsia-,pr[azeki74 #be ,oct #db3 ,infection has />t$ ) all p]sons exp]im5t$ on4 #bj ,nov #db3 ,*>ts & case hi/ory s5t to ,b]l94 #d dea?s ( control p]sons4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] #aj ,sep #db3 #aj ,oct #db3 ,unit ( ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ ord]$ to ! ,pa/eur ,in/itute 9 ,p>is to ,pr(essor ,gir\d4 #bb ,oct #db3 #e ,nov #db3 ,typhus ,vacc9e1 ,rese>* ,s]ies ,,iii ,vacc9ation = immunization aga9/ typhus ( #bj p]sons ) vacc9e made accord+ to ! process ( ,gir\d1 ,p>is4 7,?is vacc9e 0 br\ght f ,p>is by ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ imm$iately aft] production47 #cj ,nov #db3 ,artificial infection ) vitell9e membrane mat]ial f ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute ( ! #bj p]sons vacc9at$ = immunization & ( #f control p]sons4 ,?is rese>* s]ies 0 obs]v$ = #f weeks & !n ab&on$ )\t results1 z no sickness broke out 9 ! control gr\p4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] #bg ,oct #db3 #h ,nov #db3 ,typhus ,vacc9e1 ,rese>* ,s]ies ,,iv ,vacc9ation = immunization ( #bj p]sons ) a vacc9e f inte/9es ( lice made by ! ,weigl process 7s5t by lectur] ,dr4 ,haas ( ! typhus in/itute 8,emil v4 ,behr+0 9 ,lvov71 #cj ,nov #db3 ,to te/ ! effect ( ! immunization1 ! infection is to be c>ri$ out ) lice suff]+ f typhus4 ,! lice & _! cages mu/ be burnt imm$iately1 z ! latt] became leaky dur+ transport1 & !re=e repres5t a dang] ( epidemic 9 ,bu*5wald camp4 #c ,dec #db3 ,newly s5t lice appli$ to #ae p]sons 7#e immuniz$ & #aj p]sons = control74 ,! lice mu/ aga9 be de/roy$1 z ! cages are n tight4 ,report made t infection ) live typhus lice is n possible because ! dang] to ! camp inmates is too great4 #d ,jan #dc3 ,due to infection by lice on #c ,decemb] #aidb1 five p]sons %[ %ort nontypical illness4 ,! rese>* s]ies is conclud$4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] #ae-ah ,dec #db3 ,unit ( ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ ord]$ to ! op5+ ( ! typhus rese>* in/itute 8,emil v4 ,behr+0 9 ,lvov 9 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t 7lectur] ,dr4 ,haas74 #bh-ca ,dec #db3 ,vacc9ation = immunization aga9/ diph!ria ( ! ,res]ve ,battalion ( ! ,leib/&>te ,,ss 8,adolf ,hitl]0 7approx4 #b1ejj m571 because ( ! outbreak ( an epidemic4 ,inspection ( qu>t]s & advice to ! m$ical (fic] on ! fight+ ( ! epidemic4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #aidc #a ,dec #db3 #bj ,dec #db3 ,typhus ,vacc9e1 ,rese>* ,s]ies ,v ,to det]m9e ! immunization effect1 #bj p]sons are be+ actively vacc9at$ = immunization ) 8,,em0 vacc9e ( ! ,behr+ ,works--,dr4 ,demnitz--7vacc9e 9 :i* vitell9e membrane z well z *ick5 embryos 7 us$74 #bf ,jan #dc3 ,artificial infection ) vitell9e membrane virus ,,op ,no4 #bbc & #bbf 7,rickettsia-,pr[azeki--/ra9 f ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute74 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #i ,jan #dc3 ,by ord] ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] & ,major ,g5]al ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss ,dr4 ,g5zk51 ! typhus rese>* /ation at ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp becomes ! 8,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*40 ,! head ( ! division w be ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+4 ,dur+ 8 abs5ce1 ! /ation m$ical (fic] ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,weim>1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,hov51 w sup]vise ! production ( vacc9es4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,,wvha1 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] & ,lt4 ,g5]al ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,pohl1 has ord]$ ! ext5sion ( ! block ( /one build+s4 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ is at ! same "t appo9t$ *ief dep>tm5tal head = special missions 9 (fice ,,xvi 7,hygi5e71 ( (fice gr\p ,d 7m$ical affairs ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss7 ( ! ,,ss ,ma9 ,op]ational ,headqu>t]s4 #aj ,jan #dc3 ,!rapeutic ,exp]im5ts ) ,acrid9e & ,me?yl5e ,blue ,at ! sugge/ion ( ! ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b59du/rie ,a4 ,g4 ! foll[+ 7 te/$ z typhus !rapeutica3 a4 ,prep>ation #c1ehb 8,acrid9e0 ( ! *emical ph>maceutical & s]o-bact]iological dep>tm5t 9 ,frankfurt-on-,ma91 ,hoe*/1 ,pr(essor ,laut5s*laeg] & ,dr4 ,web]4 7,!rapeutic exp]im5t ,a7 b4 ,me?yl5e ,blue1 te/$ 9 an exp]im5t on mice by ,pr(essor ,kieku?1 ,elb]feld4 7,!rapeutic exp]im5t ,m7 #bf ,jan #dc3 ,artificial infection ) vitell9e membrane virus ,,op ,nos4 #bbc & #bbf3 #bj p]sons = !rapeutic exp]im5t ,a3 ,acrid9e4 #bj p]sons = !rapeutic exp]im5t ,m3 ,me?yl5e ,blue4 #g p]sons = control4 #bj ,feb #dc3 ,! control p]sons f ! typhus infections ( ! #bf ,janu>y #aidc %[ no typical typhus symptoms2 9 ! gr\ps1 vacc9e 8,,em0 ( ! ,behr+ ,works1 ,acrid9e1 ,me?yl5e ,blue1 ab\t are also n sick1 ! rema9d] h m$ium typhus4 ,! rese>* s]ies 0 designat$ to ! manufactur] z 8negative10 s9ce ! p]sons = control c\ld n be infect$ prop]ly4 ,"o dea? 9 !rapeutic exp]im5t ,acrid9e4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #aj ,jan #dc3 ,yell[ ,fev] ,vacc9e ,te/s ,! ,behr+ ,works1 ,m>burg-,lahn1 ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 ,b]l91 & ! ,in/itute = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ( ! ,army ,high ,comm& 9 ,krak[ 7 commission$ by ! ,army ,high ,comm& to manufacture ! yell[ fev] vacc9e ( ,belti] & collaborators4 ,s9ce a live virus is be+ h&l$1 a te/ is to be p]=m$ on #e p]sons = safety's sake f ea* vacc9e *>ge4 ,at ! same "t #ej p]sons are to be vacc9at$ once ) ,,op ,no4 #be ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 :i* has already be5 te/$ = its h>mlessness1 to det]m9e ! decrease ( work+ capacity4 ,! results ( ! yell[ fev] vacc9e te/s are to be s5t to (fice ,,xvi 9 ! ,,ss ,ma9 ,op]ational ,headqu>t]s1 9 duplicate1 :o w =w>d "o to ! manufactur]1 & "o to ! ,army ,high ,comm&1 att5tion3 ,ob]/abs>zt ,dr4 ,s*midt1 ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 ,li/ ( ,te/$ ,,op ,numb]s ,manufactur] ,no4 #a4 ,behr+ ,works1 ,m>burg4 #a1 #b1 #d4 #ac ,jan-#bf ,jan #dc4 #b4 ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 #bh1 #cj1 #cg1 #ch1 #aa ,jan-#bf ,jan #dc4 ,b]l94 #ci4 #c4 ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #di1 #cj ,jan-#h ,feb #dc4 ,b]l94 #ej4 #d4 ,behr+ ,works1 ,m>burg4 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #cj ,jan-#h ,feb #dc4 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc4 #e4 ,army ,high ,comm&1 ,krak[4 #ai1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #i ,feb-#bb ,feb #dc4 #be1 #bf1 #bg4 #f4 ,behr+ ,works1 ,m>burg4 #bd1 #be1 #bf1 #bg1 #aa ,feb-#bb ,feb #dc4 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc4 #g4 ,behr+ ,works1 ,m>burg4 #cd1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #be ,feb-#g ,m> #dc4 #ch1 #ci1 #dj1 #da1 #db1 #dc4 #h4 ,army ,high ,comm&1 ,krak[4 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #cb1 #be ,feb-#g ,m> #dc4 #cd4 #i4 ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 #ed1 #ee1 #eg1 #eh4 #be ,feb-#g ,m> #dc4 ,b]l94 #aj4 ,behr+ ,works1 ,m>burg4 #ed1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg1 #f ,may-#ag ,may #dc4 #eh1 #ei1 #fj1 #fa4 ,production is be+ ab&on$ = ! "t be+ because ( ! milit>y situation4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #c ,feb #dc3 ,/]ility ,exp]im5t ) an ,egg ,vacc9e ,a package 0 s5t to u ) a small bottle ( #bj cc4 typhus vacc9e f egg-yolk cultures4 ,op ,no4 #ce ( #ae ,octob] #aidb4 ,a second injection on #h ,decemb] #aidb1 a ?ird injection on #ac ,decemb] #aidb1 ( a typhus vacc9ation = immunization 0 c>ri$ out on ,si/] ,lilli ,boehm1 born on #c ,april #aiab1 by resid5t surgeon ,dr4 von ,eysmond4 ,t[>ds ev5+ a temp]ature ( #ajd ,f4 7#dj ,c474 ,=ty-eight h\rs aft] ! la/ vacc9ation1 dea? 9 coma 9 ! ,g]man cl9ic 9 ,kovno4 ,section protocol3 ,typhus 7,no4 #bjcc1 ,univ]sity ( ,kovno1 pa?ological in/itute1 ,dr4 ,/>kus74 ,inve/igation3 ,mat]ial vacc9at$ on #a4 #b p]c5t ,s*raegag> #b4 ,b\illon #c4 #b p]c5t ,glucose ,b\illon #d4 ,t>rozzi ,no gr[? aft] #dh h\rs #e4 ,blood slide #f4 ,klaub]g slide ,dur+ animal exp]im5ts1 gu9ea pigs & mice 7 vacc9at$ intrap]itoneally & "u ! sk9 ( ! back4 ,no pa?ological symptoms at all4 ,results3 ,! vacc9e n responsible = ! dea?4 ,vacc9ation took place dur+ ! incubation p]iod4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #h ,feb #dc3 ,visit ( ,ob]/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ey] f ! ,in/itute = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ( ! ,army ,high ,comm& 9 ,krak[ & ,ob]/abs>zt ,dr4 ,s*midt f ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 #bb ,feb #dc3 ,exam9ation ( ,unkn[n ,bact]iological ,mat]ial ,dur+ ,augu/ #aidb ,soviet p>a*uti/s 7 dropp$ 9 ! ,m>i5burg di/rict2 !y c>ri$ 9 _! baggage amphiole mat]ial1 :i* 0 turn$ ov] by ! ,,r%a 7,dept4 ,,iv ,a_/#b ,book ,no4 #baeb_/dci on #be ,feb #aidc74 ,!y 7 dys5t]y bact]iophaga :i* c\ld be cle>ly diagnos$ by animal & culture exp]im5ts2 ?is c be us$ = !rapeutic purposes 9 cases ( di>rhea4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #bh ,feb #dc3 #f ,m> #dc3 ,unit ( ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ ord]$ to ,p>is to procure laboratory mat]ial = ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*1 & ! ,in/itute ( ,hygi5e4 #bc ,m> #dc3 ,conf]5ce betwe5 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,b>newald1 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ & ,,ss ,haupts*>fuehr] ,s*les+] ( dep>tm5t ,w #e1 ,w ,v ,h ,a conc]n+ ! bre$+ ( rabbits1 gu9ea pigs1 & mice z exp]im5tal animals = ! exp]im5tal dep>tm5t4 #be ,jan #dc3 #bh ,feb #dc3 ,typhus ,vacc9e1 ,rese>* ,s]ies ,,vi ,to det]m9e ! immunization effect1 ! foll[+ 7 actively vacc9at$ = immunization3 #bj p]sons ) vacc9e 8,zu]i*0 f ! hygi5e in/itute ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,zu]i* 7lungs ( mice71 & #bj p]sons ) vacc9e 8,riga0 f ! s]um in/itute ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,riga 7,pr(essor ,d>s91 f vitell9e membrane cultures74 #ca ,m> #dc3 ,artificial infection ) egg ,rickettsia 7,rickettsia-,pr[azeki7 ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 ,b]l94 #aa ,apr #dc3 ,! infection ( #ca ,m>* #aidc has n result$ 9 any sickness s f>4 #bh ,apr #dc3 ,exp]im5tal s]ies ab&on$4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,s ,/urmbannfuehr] #g ,m> #dc3 ,exam9ation ( ! wat] & inspection ( ! conc5tration camp ,vught1 ne> ,h]tog5bos*4 #h ,m> #dc3 #aj ,m> #dc3 ,inspection ( billets 9 ,apeldoorn-,arnhem & vic9ity4 ,advis+ *ief surgeon ( ! comm&] ( ! ,ne!rl&s re a diph!ria epidemic 9 ,apeldoorn4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #bd ,m> #dc3 #bj ,apr #dc3 ,c>ry+ out ( a l>ge scale exp]im5t on #de p]sons by ! process ( ! hygi5e in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss by ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,lectur] ,dr4 ,mrug[sky4 ,vacc9ations 7 made on #h diff]5t days )9 #d weeks aga9/ smallpox1 typhoid1 p>atyphus ,a & ,b1 *ol]a1 typhus1 & diph!ria4 ,compatibility 0 g5]ally good4 ,exact records & report 7 deliv]$ on #bg ,april #aidc to dep>tm5t *ief ( (fice ,,xvi4 ,x l$ p>tly to a /rong decrease 9 work+ capacity1 loss ( /r5g?1 increase ( temp]ature1 & swell+ ( ! lymph gl&s4 ,typhoid & smallpox 7 n vacc9at$ on ! same side ( ! body1 o!rwise great swell+ ( ! lymph gl&s takes places4 ,! diph!ria adsorbat vacc9e l$ to ab\t #bj cases ( /rong =mation ( abcesses4 ,:]e /ill 9 ! camp1 ! p]sons 7 aga9 vacc9at$ = smallpox )9 ye>4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #ca ,m> #dc3 ,!rapeutic ,exp]im5ts 8,acrid9e ,granulate0 & 8,rut5ol0 ,= ! !rapeutic exp]im5ts 8,acrid9e ,granulate0 7,a4 ,gr7 & ,rut5ol 7,r71 #dj p]sons 7 infect$ ) egg ,rickettsia4 #aa ,apr #dc3 ,aft] obs]vation la/+ sev]al weeks1 no sickness />t$4 ,report to ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,lectur] ,dr4 ,mrug[sky & ,presid5t ,pr(essor ,gildemei/]4 ,! /ra9 8,matelska0 ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 :i* 0 highly virul5t until a ye> ago1 app>5tly is no long] pa?og5ic to humans4 ,a new means ( artificial infection mu/ !re=e be f\nd1 :i* w lead to typhus ) c]ta9ty4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #aa ,apr #dc3 ,prelim9>y ,exp]im5t ,c3 ,to det]m9e a sure means ( infection1 exp]im5ts ) fre% blood f p]sons /rick5 ) typhus 7 made4 ,infection took place z foll[s3 #c p]sons--#b cc4 ea* ( fre% blood intrav5\sly4 #b p]sons--#b cc4 ea* ( fre% blood intramuscul>ly4 #b p]sons--#b cc4 ea* ( fre% blood subcutane\sly4 #b p]sons--aft] sc>ification4 #b p]sons--) a vacc9at+ scalpel cutane\sly4 ,^? infect$ intrav5\sly contract$ typical1 s]i\s typhus & di$ f failure ( ! circulatory sy/em4 ,! o!r exp]im5tal subjects compla9$ only ( m9or discom=t1 )\t becom+ hospital cases4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #ac ,apr #dc3 ,prelim9>y ,exp]im5t ,d3 ,! foll[+ 7 infect$3 #f p]sons ) #b cc4 ea* ( fre% blood intrav5\sly4 #f p]sons ) #b cc4 ea* ( fre% blood intramuscul>ly4 #f p]sons ) #b cc4 ea* ( fre% blood subcutane\sly4 #f p]sons by sc>ification4 #f p]sons by means ( vacc9at+ scalpel cutane\sly4 ,! #f intrav5\sly infect$ p]sons aga9 contract$ v s]i\s typhus2 #e di$4 ,( ! #f infect$ intramuscul>ly1 "o p]son contract$ m$ium typhus4 ,! o!rs _h no s]i\s complications1 & 7 n hospital cases4 ,! sure/ means ( infection to produce typhus 9 humans is1 !re=e1 ! intrav5\s injection ( #b cc4 fre% typhus-infect$ blood4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #ac & #ad ,apr #dc3 ,unit ( ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ ord]$ to ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b59du/rie ,a4 ,g41 ,hoe*/4 ,conf]5ce ) ,pr(essor ,laut5s*laeg]1 ,dr4 ,web]1 & ,dr4 ,fussga5g] conc]n+ ! exp]im5tal s]ies 8,acrid9e ,granulate & ,rut5ol0 9 ! conc5tration camp ,bu*5wald4 ,visit to ,geheimrat ,otto & ,pr(essor ,prigge 9 ! ,in/itute = ,exp]im5tal ,!rapeutics 9 ,frankfurt_/,ma94 #bd ,apr #dc3 ,!rapeutic ,exp]im5ts ,acrid9e ,granulate 7,a-,,gr#b7 & ,rut5ol 7,r-#b7 ,to c>ry out ! !rapeutic exp]im5ts ,acrid9e ,granulate & ,rut5ol1 #cj p]sons 7#ae ea*7 & #i p]sons = control 7 infect$ by intrav5\s injection ( #b cc4 ea* ( fre% typhus-infect$ blood4 ,all exp]im5tal p]sons contract$ v bad typhus4 #a ,jun #dc3 ,*>ts & case hi/ory complet$4 ,! exp]im5tal s]ies 0 conclud$4 #ba dea?s 7#h ) ,acrid9e ,granulate1 #i ) ,rut5ol1 #e control74 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #bg ,apr #dc3 #a ,may #dc3 ,unit ( ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ ord]$ to ,p>is to procure laboratory mat]ial = ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* & ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute4 #aj ,jun #dc3 ,typhoid-,!rapeutic ,exp]im5t 8,otrhom90 ,at ! sugge/ion ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 ,b]l9 7,pr(essor ,dr4 ,lockemann7 ! effect ( a new !rapeuticum ( ! ,rhoda s]ies--,otrhom9 is to be te/$ on humans4 ,= ?is purpose1 #bj p]sons ( ! s]ies 8,otrhom90 & #bj p]sons = control 7#aj immuniz$1 #aj n immuniz$7 7 infect$ on #aj ,june #aidc & on #ah ,june #aidc ) #b cc4 ea* ( typhoid bact]ia 9 a physical salt solution1 giv5 9 potato salad4 ,( ! #dj p]sons1 #g became slightly sick1 #bc m s]i\sly4 ,fur!rmore1 !re 7 #f ambulatory cases4 ,f\r p]sons did n %[ any symptoms4 #bh ,jul #dc3 ,*>ts & case hi/ory ( ! s]ies 8,otrhom90 complet$ & s5t to ,b]l94 #e ,aug #dc3 ,*>ts & case hi/ory ( ! control s]ies complet$ & s5t to ,b]l94 #aj ,aug #dc3 ,deliv]y ( ! records to ,rei* ,s5ior ,m$ical ,c\nsellor ,*ri/ians5 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,! exp]im5tal s]ies 0 conclud$4 #a dea? 7control n immuniz$74 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #bh ,may #dc3 #ah ,jun #dc3 ,typhus ,vacc9e1 ,exp]im5tal ,s]ies ,,vii ,c>ry+ out ( typhus vacc9ation = immunization ) ! foll[+ vacc9e3 #a4 #bj p]sons ) vacc9e 8,asid04 #b4 #bj p]sons ) vacc9e 8,asid ,adsorbat0 ( ! ,anhalt9is*5 ,s]umw]ke ,g4 m4 b4 ,h41 ,b]l9 #g4 #c4 #bj p]sons ) vacc9e 8,weigl0 ( ! ,in/itute = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ( ! ,army ,high ,comm&1 ,army 7,,okh7 ,krak[ 7,ey]74 #bg ,aug #dc3 ,infection (-- #bj p]sons 9 ! s]ies 8,asid04 #bj p]sons 9 ! s]ies 8,asid ,adsorbat04 #bj p]sons 9 ! s]ies 8,weigl04 #aj p]sons = control by intrav5\s injection ( cc4 ea* ( fre% typhus-infect$ blood1 /ra9 ,bu ,,ii1 ,passage ,i4 ,all exp]im5tal p]sons got v s]i\s typhus4 #g ,sep #dc3 ,*>t & case hi/ory complet$4 ,! exp]im5tal s]ies 0 conclud$-- #ec dea?s 7#ah ) 8,asid01 #ah ) 8,asid ,adsorbat01 #i ) 8,weigl01 #h control74 #i ,sep #dc3 ,*>ts & case hi/ories deliv]$ to ,b]l94 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #h ,nov #dc3 #ag ,jan #dd3 ,high ,immunization ,exp]im5t ) ,fra5kel ,vacc9es ,accord+ to an immunization plan ( ! ,fra5kel high immunization = humans1 ! compatibility ( ,fra5kel-,=mol-,toxoid 7,=mol-,tox9 ( bact]ium p]fr+5s7 ( humans 0 te/$4 ,at fir/ #ae exp]im5tal subjects 7 vacc9at$ #c times at int]vals ( #ad days ) #a cc4 ,fra5kel-,a#a4 ,f4 ,t4 7,fra5kel-,toxoid absorb$ 9 alum9um hydroxide74 ,aft] an int]val ( #ad days1 vacc9ations ) ,fra5kel-,=mol-,toxoid 7,=mol-,tox9 ( bact]ium p]fr+5s7 z foll[s3 #bj ,dec #dc #a cc4 subcutane\sly left upp] arm4 #bf ,dec #dc #b cc4 subcutane\sly "r upp] arm4 #ca ,dec #dc #d cc4 subcutane\sly left upp] arm4 #c ,jan #dd #f cc4 subcutane\sly "r upp] arm4 #f ,jan #dd #i cc4 subcutane\sly "r & left *e/4 #aj ,jan #dd #ab cc4 subcutane\sly bo? upp] arms4 #ad ,jan #dd #ae cc4 subcutane\sly "r & left *e/4 #ag ,jan #dd3 ,obs]vation ( vacc9ation reactions complet$ & s5t away4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #ai ,nov #dc3 #be ,nov #dc3 ,phosphorus-,rubb] ,inc5di>y ,bomb ,exp]im5t ,to te/ ! prep>ation 8,r #ag0 on fre% phosphorus burns & to te/ 8,e*9ac9e0 o9tm5t & 8,e*9ac9e ext]n0 = ! lat] treatm5t ( w\nds f phosphorus burns 7all f ! ,dr4 ,madaus ,works 9 ,dresd5-,radebeul71 burn+ te/s 7 c>ri$ out on five exp]im5tal subjects on ! above-m5tion$ dates ) phosphorus1 matt] tak5 f an ,engli% inc5di>y bomb f\nd ne> ,leipzig4 #e ,jan #dd3 ,records deliv]$ to ! ,rei* m$ical (fic] ( ! ,,ss ) ! reque/ to =w>d x to ! ,dr4 ,madaus ,works4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #cj-ca ,dec #dc3 ,special ,exp]im5t on #d ,p]sons 9 ! ,ko*-,hov5 ,case ,by ord] ( ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,nebe1 ! exp]im5t 0 c>ri$ out 9 ! pres5ce ( ,dr4 ,morg5 & ,dr4 ,wehn]4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #ba ,dec #dc3 #af ,jan #dd3 ,control ( ,blood ,plasma ,by ord] ( ! ,milit>y ,academy ( ,m$ic9e1 ,b]l91 #ah capsules ( blood plasma 7 te/$ on #ah exp]im5tal p]sons = _! compatibility on humans4 #ag ,jan #dd3 ,te/ records s5t away4 #be ,jan #dd3 #ai ,feb #dd3 ,control ( ,blood ,plasma ,by ord] ( ! ,milit>y ,academy ( ,m$ic9e1 ,b]l91 #cj m capsules ( blood plasma 7 te/$ on #cj exp]im5tal p]sons = _! compatibility on humans4 #bb ,feb #dd3 ,te/ pap]s s5t to ,rei* m$ical (fic] ( ,,ss by c\ri]4 ,,dr4 ,,d+ ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] #bb ,jan #dd3 #ca ,jan #dd3 ,vacc9e ,prelim9>y ,exp]im5tal ,s]ies 8,weim>0 ,to te/ compatibility & ! immunization effect1 five p]sons 7 immuniz$ by ?ree vacc9ations ) typhus vacc9e 8,weim>0 7produc]3 ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*74 ,on #bb ,jan #dd1 #j4e cc41 on #bg ,jan #dd1 #a4j cc41 on #ca ,jan #dd1 #a4j cc4 7 inject$ subcutane\sly 9 ! left or "r upp] arm4 ,= comp>ison1 #e p]sons 7 immuniz$ on ! above-m5tion$ dates ) #j4e cc41 #j4e cc41 & #a cc4 ( typhus egg-culture vacc9e 8,asid0 7,anhalt9is*e ,s]umw]ke1 ,b]l97 & #e p]sons 7 immuniz$ ) typhus vacc9e 8,gir\d0 7produc$ by ! ,pa/eur ,in/itute1 ,p>is1 f rabbit lungs71 #a cc4 ea*4 #be ,feb #dd3 ,tw5ty p]sons 7#ae immuniz$ & #e = control7 7 infect$ by subcutane\s injection ( #a_/bj cc4 fre% typhus-infect$ blood4 ,donor3 ,g 99 99 99 ,nr #gac1 #cf ye>s old 7#f? day ( sickness7 ,/ra9 ,bu ,,iv_/,passage #ac4 ,all ^? infect$ fell sick ) slight to s]i\s typhus4 #e ,apr #dd3 ,*>t & case hi/ory complet$4 #be ,apr #dd3 ,! exp]im5tal s]ies 0 conclud$-- #e dea?s 7#a ,asid1 #a ,weim>1 #c ,control74 ,,dr4 ,,d+ #h ,m> #dd3 #ah ,m> #dd3 ,typhus ,vacc9e1 ,exp]im5tal ,s]ies ,,viii ,sugge/$ by ,colonel ,m4 ,c4 ( ! ,air ,corps1 ,ob]/>zt ,pr(essor ,rose ! vacc9e 8,kop5hag50 7,ips5-,mur9e vacc9e71 produc$ f m\se liv] by ! ,national ,s]um ,in/itute 9 ,cop5hag51 0 te/$ = its compatibility on humans4 #bj p]sons 7 vacc9at$ = immunization by intramuscul> injection into ! ,musculus ,glutaeus ,max4 on ! foll[+ dates3 #h ,m> #dd1 #j4e cc42 #ac ,m> #dd1 #j4e cc42 #ah ,m> #dd1 #a4j cc4 #aj p]sons 7 contemplat$ = control & comp>ison4 #d ( ! #cj p]sons 7 elim9at$ be=e ! />t ( ! artificial injection1 because ( int]mitt5t sickness4 #af ,apr #dd3 ,! rema9+ exp]im5tal p]sons 7 infect$ on #af ,apr #dd by subcutane\s injection ( #a_/bj cc4 typhus sick fre% blood4 ,donor3 ,w 99 99 99 ,no4 #gfc1 #bg ye>s old 7#f? day ( sickness7 ,/ra9 ,bu ,,vii_/,passage #a4 ,! foll[+ fell sick3 a4 #ag p]sons immuniz$2 #i m$ium1 #h s]i\sly4 b4 #i control p]sons2 #b m$ium1 #g s]i\sly4 #b ,jun #dd3 ,! exp]im5tal s]ies 0 conclud$4 #ac ,jun #dd3 ,*>t & case hi/ory complet$ & s5t to ,b]l94 #f dea?s 7#c ,kop5hag51 #c ,control74 ,,dr4 ,,d+ #bf ,may #dd3 #ab ,jun #dd3 ,tak+ ( ,blood to ,produce ,typhus ,convalesc5t ,s]um 7,,ffrs7 ,to produce ,,ffrs1 #f1ejj cc4 blood 7 tak5 f #ae typhus convalesc5ts betwe5 ! #ad? & #ba/ day aft] ! fev] _h subsid$1 & s5t by c\ri] to ! ,,ss ,ma9 ,op]ational ,headqu>t]s1 (fice gr\p ,d1 (fice ,,xvi 7blood cons]vation7 attn3 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ell5beck1 9 ,b]l9-,li*t]felde4 ,,d+ #bb ,may #dd3 #af ,jun #dd3 ,control ( ,blood ,plasma ,by ord] ( ! ,milit>y ,academy = ,m$ic9e1 ,b]l91 #dd capsules ( blood plasma 7 te/$ on #dd exp]im5tal p]sons = _! compatibility on humans4 #ai ,jun #dd3 ,te/ protocol s5t to ! s5ior hygi5i/ ( ! ,rei* ,m$ical ,(fice ( ! ,,ss & ,police1 ,b]l94 ,,d+ #ag ,jul #dd3 #bg ,jul #dd3 ,typhus ,vacc9e1 ,exp]im5tal ,s]ies ,,ix ,! typhus vacc9e 8,weim>01 produc$ by ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,weim>-,bu*5wald1 0 te/$ accord+ to ord]s = its efficacy on humans4 ,?is vacc9e 0 produc$ f rabbit lungs accord+ to ! process ,dur&-,gir\d4 ,x conta9s virus 7,rickettsia-,pr[azeki7 ( self-isolat+ types dead5$ & susp5d$ 9 #b_/jj ,=mol4 #bj p]sons 7 immuniz$ on ! foll[+ dates ) #a cc4 ea*3 #ag1 #bb1 #bg ,july #aidd4 ,! vacc9ations 7 made subcutane\sly on ! "r or left upp] arm4 ,= comp>ison #bj p]sons 7 immuniz$ at ! same "t ) 8,weigl0 vacc9e1 produc$ f lice by ! ,army ,high ,comm& 9 ,krak[ accord+ to regulations4 ,fur!rmore1 #bj p]sons 7 provid$ = control purposes4 #f ,sep #dd3 ,! #fj exp]im5tal p]sons 7 infect$ by subcutane\s injection ( #a_/aj cc4 fre% typhus-infect$ blood ea* into ! "r upp] arm4 ,all p]sons fell sick z foll[s3 a4 8,weim>0--#i slightly1 #g slightly to m$ium1 #d m$ium4 b4 8,weigl0--#f slightly to m$ium1 #h m$ium1 #f s]i\sly4 c4 ,control--#a m$ium1 #ai s]i\sly4 #ag ,oct #dd3 ,! exp]im5tal s]ies 0 conclud$4 #d ,nov #dd3 ,*>t & case hi/ory complet$4 #bd dea?s 7#e 8,weigl01 #ai ,control74 ,,dr4 ,,s*ul] #ac ,oct #dd3 #ca ,oct #dd3 ,tak+ ( ,blood to ,produce ,typhus ,convalesc5t ,s]um 7,,ffrs7 ,to produce ,,ffrs1 #bj4h lit]s ( blood 7 tak5 f #dd typhus convalesc5ts betwe5 ! #ad? & #ba/ day aft] ! fev] _h subsid$1 & s5t by c\ri] to ! ,,ss ,ma9 ,op]ational ,headqu>t]s1 (fice gr\p ,d1 (fice ,,xvi 7blood cons]vation7--,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,ell5beck1 ,b]l9-,li*t]felde4 ,,s*ul] #bf ,oct #dd3 ,special exp]im5t on #f p]sons accord+ to in/ructions ( ,,ss ,ob]fuehr] ,lectur] ,dr4 ,mrug[sky & ,,rkpa 7report on ?is orally74 ,,s*ul] #ac ,nov #dd3 ,!rapeutic ,exp]im5t ) ,typhus ,vacc9e ,by ord] ( ! s5ior hygi5i/ ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss ( #ab ,augu/ #dd1 x is to be det]m9$ :e!r ! c\rse ( typhus c be temp]$ by ! intrav5\s or intramuscul> injection ( typhus vacc9e4 ,= ! exp]im5tal s]ies #bj p]sons 7 consid]$1 ( ^!1 #aj = intrav5\s injection 7,s]ies ,a71 #aj = intramuscul> injection 7,s]ies ,b7 &1 9 addition1 #e p]sons = control4 ,on #ac ,nov #dd1 ! #be exp]im5tal p]sons 7 infect$ by subcutane\s injection ( #a_/aj cc4 ea* fre% typhus-infect$ blood4 ,all p]sons fell sick z foll[s3 ,s]ies ,a--#aj s]i\s2 ,s]ies ,b--#a m$ium #i s]i\s2 ,control--#e s]i\s4 #bb ,dec #dd3 ,! exp]im5tal s]ies 0 conclud$4 #b ,jan #de3 ,*>t & case hi/ory complet$4 #ai dea?s 7#i ,s]ies ,a1 #f ,s]ies ,b1 #d ,control74 ,,dr4 ,,s*ul] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#beg ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bhc ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,erw9 ,,s*ul]1 #bj ,,july #aide1 ,,conc]n+ ,,typhus ,,exp]im5ts 99 99 99 99 99 ,hov5's ,%>e 9 ,block #df ,9 ,febru>y #aidb ! ord] to conduct typhus exp]im5ts came ?r\gh4 ,i 0 *os5 to c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts4 ,s9ce ,i _h my (fice 9 ,b]l91 a deputy _h to be appo9t$ = my abs5ce 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,rei*s>zt ,,ss ,dr4 ,grawitz1 9 agreem5t ) ! lead+ doctor ( ! conc5tration camps1 ,loll+1 appo9t$ ,,ss #a/ ,lt4 ,dr4 ,hov5 z /ation doctor at ,bu*5wald4 ,my pres5ce 9 ,bu*5wald always la/$ only a few days1 :ile ! exp]im5ts & ! typhus epidemic la/$ ab\t #aj weeks4 ,dr4 ,hov5 _h ord]s to get ! prison]s 7pr(essional crim9als s5t5c$ to dea?71 :o _h be5 releas$ = ! exp]im5ts f ! ,rei* ,security ,(fice & ! *ief ( ! conc5tration camps1 = vacc9ation or infection aft] an exam9ation ( _! physical fitness4 ,z deputy1 he (t5 ord]$ ,dr4 ,plaza to take ov] ! gu>d ( ,block #df4 ,dr4 ,plaza1 9 addition1 cont9u$ to "w indep5d5tly "u ,kapo ,dietzs*4 ,= exp]im5ts t did n result 9 dea?1 su* z ! effectiv5ess ( yell[ fev] vacc9e1 #bjj to #cjj volunte]s /ood 9 read9ess4 ,?is ,i "k f ro/]s t ,dietzs* %[$ me once4 ,su* exp]im5ts did n only take place 9 ! block b also1 9 a c]ta9 case1 9 ! camp itself4 ,= t exp]im5t ab\t #hj ,dut*m5 7 tak52 !y did n h to "w & !y 7 giv5 extra rations4 ,= t !y _h to h _! temp]ature tak5 ?ree times daily & e two days !y _h to give #aj cc4 blood = a blood c\nt4 ,hov5 work$ z my deputy until my p]man5t entrance into ,bu*5wald 9 ,augu/ #aidc4 ,9 ,septemb] he 0 arre/$4 ,9 ! ye> #aidb he _h to "w a lot by himself1 s9ce ,i contract$ typhus & aft] t 0 s5t to a re/ home4 ,imm$iately aft] t ,i 0 detail$ to ! ,pa/eur ,in/itute 9 ,p>is4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! sick reports bore ! signature ( ,hov5 or ,plaza4 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,s*ul] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#ega ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bhe #aidc ,,"w ,,report ,,= ,,dep>tm5t ,,= ,,typhus ,,& ,,virus ,,rese>* ,weim>-,bu*5wald1 ,janu>y #aidd4 ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss ,dep>tm5t = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ,"w ,report = ! ,ye> #aidc ,i4 ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*1 ,cl9ical ,section #a ,decemb] #db to #bj ,exp]im5t ) typhus vacc9es 8,,em0 ( ! ,behr+ ,febru>y #dc ,works1 c>ri$ out on #bj exp]im5tal subjects4 #aj ,janu>y to #bj ,exp]im5t ) typhus !rapeutics1 ,acrid9e & ,febru>y ,me?yl5e ,blue1 c>ri$ out on #dg exp]im5tal subjects4 #aj ,janu>y to #ag ,may ,te/s ) yell[ fev] vacc9es1 c>ri$ out on #dce exp]im5tal subjects4 #be ,janu>y to #bh ,exp]im5t ) typhus vacc9es 8,riga0 & ,april 8,zu]i*10 c>ri$ out on #dj exp]im5tal subjects4 #bd ,m>* to #bj ,april ,p]=mance ( a l>ge-scale exp]im5t accord+ to ! s*eme ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 c>ri$ out by ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,lectur] ,dr4 ,mrug[sky1 ) smallpox1 typhoid1 p>atyphus ,a & ,b1 *ol]a1 typhus1 & diph!ria1 on #de exp]im5tal subjects4 #ca ,m>* to #aa ,april ,exp]im5t ) typhus !rapeutics ,acrid9e ,granulate & ,rut5ol1 c>ri$ out on #dj p]sons4 #aa ,april to #bd ,may ,prelim9>y exp]im5ts ) fre% blood infect$ ) typhus = ! purpose ( inve/igat+ an infallible me?od ( infection1 c>ri$ out on #da p]sons4 #aa ,april--n yet ,infections ) typhus s f> appli$ to #dg p]sons4 t]m9at$ #bd ,april to #a ,june ,exp]im5t ) typhus !rapeutics ,acrid9e ,granulate 7#b7 & ,rut5ol 7#b7 c>ri$ out on #dj exp]im5tal subjects4 #bh ,may to #i ,exp]im5t ) typhus vacc9es 8,asid10 ,septemb] 8,asid-,adsorbat10 & 8,weigl0 c>ri$ out on #gj p]sons4 #aj ,june to #h ,augu/ ,exp]im5t ) typhoid !rapeutics 8,otrhom910 c>ri$ out on #dj exp]im5tal subjects4 #h ,novemb]--n yet ,gangr5e--high immunization exp]im5t1 c>ri$ out t]m9at$ on #ae exp]im5tal subjects4 #ai ,novemb]--n yet ,exp]im5ts ) burns by means ( phosphorus rubb] t]m9at$ inc5di>y bombs c>ri$ out on #e p]sons4 #ba ,novemb]--n yet ,control ( blood cons]vation4 t]m9at$ #bc ,decemb] to #ca ,special exp]im5t c>ri$ out on #d p]sons4 ,decemb] ,,ii4 ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*1 ,production ( ,vacc9es #aj ,augu/ ,t]m9ation ( ! ext]ior alt]ations on ! prison]s' ,block #ej 9 ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 #af ,augu/ ,op5+ ( ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>*4 ,transf] ( ! head ( ! dep>tm5t1 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ to ,bu*5wald4 ,beg9n+ ( ! prelim9>y "w = production4 #bj ,septemb] ,fir/ infection ( #c gu9ea pigs ) typhus-infect$ blood1 /ra9 ,bu ,i4 ,up to ! end ( ! ye> #h successful infections f ?is /ra9 & positive adaptation ( ! /ra9 to mice 7) only #b infections due to lack ( ^! exp]im5tal animals71 z well z to ! lungs ( rabbits ?r\gh mice ) ! bra9s ( gu9ea pigs z />t+ mat]ial4 #bd ,septemb] ,isolation ( ! /ra9 ,bu ,,ii on #c gu9ea pigs ) typhus-infect$ blood4 ,aft] successful adaptation at ! end ( ! ye> #h? infection4 ,p]=mance ( #d infections ( mice4 ,great quantities ( /&>d type ,rickettsia4 ,fur!rmore successful adaptation ( ! /ra9 ,bu ,,ii to ! lungs ( rabbits ?r\gh mice4 #i ,octob] ,due to lack ( mice exp]im5t to adapt ! mix$ /ra9s ,bu ,i & ,bu ,,ii directly f infect$ bra9s ( gu9ea pigs to ! lungs ( rabbits4 ,at ! end ( ! ye> ?is /ra9 is conta9$ fully virul5t 9 ! #f? infection ( rabbits4 ,s9ce ! #e? infection1 p>ticul>ly1 great quantities ( ,rickettsia on ! lungs ( rabbits4 ,! results ( ! direct adaptation exp]im5ts are be+ *eck$ by pa?og5ic & sk9 virul5ce te/s4 #ab ,octob] ,report$ to ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss t ! exp]im5ts = ! bre$+ ( ,rickettsia /ra9s on ! lungs ( rabbits 7 successful & production 0 only h&icapp$ by ! lack ( ! refrig]ator & ( ! ,calabeius meat-triturator model4 #bb ,octob] ,isolation & transf] to gu9ea pigs ( ! /ra9 ,bu ,,iv ( subjects infect$ ) typhus aft] /ra9 ,bu ,,iii _h di$ dur+ ! fir/ infection4 ,9 ?is case ! lack ( mice 0 once m especially noticeable4 ,fir/ half ( ,outbreak ( an epidemic among #cge rec5tly suppli$ ,novemb] mice to :i* #bhi animals succumb$ )9 a few days4 ,z ! rema9+ mice 7 n heal?y ei!r1 !y 7 kill$4 #aa ,novemb] ,vacc9ation ( rabbits ) infect$ lungs ( mice4 ,lat] on1 p]=mance ( two m infections ( rabbits4 ,exp]im5ts are a complete success2 l>ge quantities ( ,rickettsia ) well-develop$ bacilli-%ap$ elem5ts on ! lungs ( ! rabbits4 #cj ,novemb] ,successful direct adaptation ( ! /ra9 ,bu ,,iv f ! bra9s ( infect$ gu9ea pigs to ! lungs ( rabbits4 ,aft] p]=mance ( ano!r infection ( rabbits1 mix+ ( ! /ra9 ) ! /ra9 ,bu ,i & ,bu ,,ii4 ,all infections cont9ue to be successfully c>ri$ out4 #d ,decemb] ,exp]im5t1 by mak+ use ( ! night fro/s & by us+ ! h&%ake te*nique )\t refrig]ator & )\t ,calabeius1 to produce ! fir/ sample ( vacc9e4 ,= ?is purpose1 lungs ( rabbits ( ! #e? or #f? infection s]ies ( ! mix$ /ra9 ,bu ,i & ,bu ,,ii1 :i* are ri* 9 ,rickettsia1 7 us$4 #ad ,decemb] ,c5trifugation ( ! susp5sion produc$ on #d ,decemb]4 #ae ,decemb] ,/>t+ ( ! refrig]ator :i* _h arriv$ 9 ! meantime4 ,result ( ! exam9ation ( ! s$im5t ( ! vacc9e produc$ on #d ,decemb]3 aft] #b h\rs ( c5trifugation great quantities ( ,rickettsia 7bacilli-%ap$1 po9t-%ap$1 dumbell-%ap$74 ,! /]ility control prov$ ! susp5sion free f bact]ia4 #ag ,decemb] #d gu9ea pigs 7 giv5 intrap]itoneal injections ( #a cc4 ( vacc9e ea*1 9 ord] to *eck :e!r ! vacc9es produc$ on #d ,decemb] agre$ ) !m4 ,! gu9ea pigs did n %[ any alt]ations ( voracity nor ( temp]ature & 7 /ill alive at ! end ( ! ye>4 #bd ,decemb] ,vacc9ation ( a s]ies ( #aj gu9ea pigs1 ) our own vacc9e & ,gir\d vacc9e1 9 ord] to infect !m lat] on ) typhus-infect$ blood4 #bi ,decemb] ,! reactions = sk9 virul5ce accord+ to ,gir\d %[ a virul5ce ( ! susp5sion at a dilution ( #a3b4jjj to #a3d4jjj4 ,= ! p]=mance ( ! bre$+ exp]im5ts #ef mice1 #acd gu9ea pigs1 & #aab rabbits 7 us$ up to ! pres5t date4 ,9 ! s]ological dep>tm5t #abbf proteus ,,ox #ai agglut9ations1 #c ,grub]-,widal te/s1 & #d ,takata-,ara reactions 7 p]=m$ = ! ,,ss infirm>y & ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp & its bran* camps4 ,= our own requirem5ts up to ?is date1 ab\t #a1ejj cubic cm4 ( typhoid-p>atyphus ,b deposits h be5 produc$1 9 ord] to r$uce ! p[] ( resi/ance ( ! exp]im5tal animals4 ,,iii4 ,inspections ( ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* #h ,febru>y ,inspection ( ! cl9ical section by ,ob]/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ey] ( ! ,in/itute = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ( ! ,army ,high ,comm&1 ,krak[ & by ,ob]/abs>zt ,dr4 ,s*midt ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 #bd ,augu/ ,inspection ( ! dep>tm5t by ! ,director ( ! ,c5tral ,build+ ,section ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss & ,police1 ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,huehnefeld1 & discussion ( necess>y improvem5ts4 #bf ,augu/ ,inspection by ! ,high] ,,ss & ,police lead] 9 ,kassel1 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] & ,g5]al ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,waldeck & ,pyrmont1 & by ! comm&ant ( ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 #c ,septemb] ,inspection by ! head ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,lectur] ,dr4 ,mrug[sky4 #bi ,septemb] ,inspection by ! ,*ief ( ,(fice ,d ,,iii 9 ! ,,ss ,economic & ,adm9i/rative ,ma9 ,(fice 7,,wvha71 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,loll+ & ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*5k4 ,,iv4 ,(ficial ,trips by ! ,head ( ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* #bh ,febru>y to #f ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ ord]$ to ,p>is ,m>* = ! pur*ase ( laboratory equipm5t = ! ,division = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ,weim>-,bu*5wald1 & = ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 #bg ,april to #a ,may ,once m on deta*$ s]vice to ,p>is = ! same purpose4 #be ,june to #ae ,augu/ ,ord]$ sick leave at ,sell9 on ,rueg54 #bg ,augu/ ,conf]5ces ) ! ,zeiss firm at ,j5a1 ) ! ,l&esgew]be>zt & 9 ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y4 #d ,septemb] ,inspection 9 ! village ( 8,x0 ) ! ,head ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute1 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,lectur] ,dr4 ,mrug[sky1 ) ! ,/&ort>zt ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss ,weim>-,bu*5wald1 & ) ! adjutant ( ! comm&ant ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 #h ,septemb] ,ano!r inspection 9 ! village ( 8,x04 #af,septemb] ,pur*ase ( laboratory requisites at ,j5a1 conf]5ce ) ! ,zeiss firm conc]n+ ! alt]ation ( #b microscopes4 #bc ,septemb] ,pur*ase ( laboratory requisites at ,erfurt4 #bi ,septemb] to #d ,conf]5ce 9 ,b]l9 ) ! ,head ( ! ,hygi5e ,octob] ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,lectur] ,dr4 ,mrug[sky4 #ac ,octob] ,inspection at 8,dora0 & 8,laura0 ) ! comm&ant ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 #ba ,octob] ,inspection ( ! bran* comm&s ,leipzig ,w]nig]ode1 ,s*o5ebeck1 & 8,dora0 ) ! camp comm&ant4 #be ,octob] to #ae ,on deta*$ s]vice ) ! ,g]man ,hygi5e ,novemb] ,in/itute = ! ,ea/]n ,t]ritories 9 ,riga1 & subsequ5tly conf]5ce ) ! ,madaus firm 9 ,dresd5 at ! in/ance ( ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] & ,g5]al ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss von ,woyrs*4 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr]4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#aba ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bic ,,lett] ,,f ,,haag5 ,,to ,,hirt1 #ae ,,novemb] #aidc1 ,,conc]n+ ,,prison]s ,,to ,,be ,,us$ ,,z ,,exp]im5tal ,,subjects ,,= ,,te/s ,,) ,,typhus ,,vacc9e #ae ,novemb] #aidc ,secret ,to3 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt ,anatomical ,in/itute ( ! ,rei* ,univ]sity ,/rasb\rg ,on #ac-aa-dc1 an inspection 0 made ( ! prison]s t 7 furni%$ to me 9 ord] to det]m9e _! suitability = ! te/s :i* h be5 plann$ = ! typhus vacc9es4 ,( ! #ajj prison]s t h be5 select$ 9 _! =m] camp1 #ah di$ dur+ transport4 ,only #ab prison]s are 9 su* a condition t !y c be us$ = ^! exp]im5ts1 provid$ _! /r5g? c fir/ be re/or$4 ,?is %\ld take ab\t #b-c mon?s4 ,! rema9+ prison]s are 9 su* a condition t !y _c be us$ at all = ^! purposes4 ,i might po9t out t ! exp]im5ts are = ! purpose ( te/+ a new vacc9e4 ,su* exp]im5ts only lead to fruitful results :5 !y are c>ri$ out ) normally n\ri%$ subjects ^: physical p[]s are comp>able to ^? ( ! soldi]s4 ,!re=e1 exp]im5ts ) ! pres5t gr\p ( prison]s _c yield usable results1 p>ticul>ly s9ce a l>ge "p ( !m are app>5tly afflict$ ) maladies :i* make !m unsuitable = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,a long p]iod ( re/ & ( good n\ri%m5t w\ld n alt] ?is fact4 ,i reque/1 !re=e1 t y s5d me #ajj prison]s1 betwe5 #bj-dj ye>s ( age1 :o are heal?y & :o are s con/itut$ physically t !y furni% comp>able mat]ial4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,,/abs>zt ,,pr(4 ,,dr4 ,e4 ,,haag5 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#abb ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bih ,,lett] ,,dictat$ ,,by ,,rose1 ,,address$ ,,to ,,haag51 #ac ,,decemb] #aidc1 ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5tal ,,subjects ,,= ,,vacc9e ,,exp]im5ts ,pr(essor ,rose1 ,*ief ,surgeon4 ,o4 ,u41 #ac ,decemb] #aidc4 ,/abs>zt ,pr(essor ,haag5 ,in/itute ( ,hygi5e ( ! ,rei* ,univ]sity ,/rasb\rg1 ,alsace1 ,adolf ,kussmaul/rasse #c ,de> ,h]r ,haag51 ,_m ?anks = y\r lett] ( #h ,decemb]4 ,i reg>d x z unnecess>y to make a r5ew$ special reque/ to ! ,,ss ,ma9 ,(fice 9 addition to ! reque/ y h already made4 ,i reque/ t1 9 procur+ p]sons = vacc9ation 9 y\r exp]im5t1 y requisition a correspond+ numb] ( p]sons = vacc9ation ) ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e4 ,?is has ! advantage1 z also appe>$ 9 ! ,bu*5wald exp]im5ts1 t ! te/+ ( v>i\s vacc9es simultane\sly gives a cle>] idea ( _! value ?an ! te/+ ( "o vacc9e alone4 ,) be/ wi%es1 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs 7,dictat$ by ,pr(4 ,rose & sign$ aft] 8 dep>ture7 ,by ord] ,sign$ ,,s*w>ze ,private1 #a/ ,class 7,m$4 ,corps7 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#abc ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #cjc ,,lett] ,,f ,,haag5 ,,to ,,hirt1 #i ,,m>* #aidd1 ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,conduct$ ,,) ,,typhus ,,vacc9e ,,& ,,reque/+ ,,exp]im5tal ,,subjects #i ,may #aidd ,ma9 ,(fice ,,ss ?r\gh ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt ,anatomical ,in/itute ( ! ,rei* ,univ]sity ,/rasb\rg ,i enclose h]e) a c>bon copy ( a pap] on our exp]im5ts ) a dry typhus vacc9e4 ,! pap] 0 s5t to ! ,*ief ( ! ,luftwaffe ,m$ical ,s]vice z a manuscript1 ) ! reque/ = p]mission to publi% x4 ,x con/itutes a report conc]n+ fur!r exp]im5ts ) a typhus vacc9e :i* has n be5 made /]ile by *emical ag5ts or by heat+4 ,z may be se5 f ! results1 x has be5 possible to produce a vacc9e :i* provides n only an antitoxic immunity b also a def9ite anti-infection immunity :i* is ( p>ticul>ly practical significance4 ,h[ev]1 x is cle>ly po9t$ out t vacc9ation is foll[$ by a r long fev] reaction &1 !re=e1 its introduction _c yet be recomm5d$4 ,fur!r te/s are n[ 9 progress to alt] ! vacc9e s t1 )\t los+ its antig5ic prop]ty1 x w produce s weak a reaction t no g5]al indisposition w result4 ,^! te/s w be made by r$uc+ ! dose or by /or+ ! vacc9e = a long] int]val4 ,to c>ry out ?is rese>*1 exp]im5tal subjects w aga9 be ne$$4 ,i1 !re=e1 aga9 reque/ t subjects be furni%$ to me = ?is purpose4 ,9 ord] to obta9 results :i* are accurate & :i* c be /ati/ically evaluat$1 ,i ask t #bjj p]sons be furni%$ to me = inoculation4 ,i may po9t out t !y mu/ be 9 a physical condition simil> to t ( memb]s ( ! arm$ =ces4 ,x is highly desirable t ,i aga9 be p]mitt$ to c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts at camp ,natzweil]4 ,,pr(essor ,,dr4 ,e4 ,,haag5 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#aci ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #cag ,,lett] ,,f ,,dr4 ,,grunske ,,to ,,haag51 #g ,,m>* #aidd1 ,,conc]n+ ,,reports ,,on ,,yell[ ,,fev] ,,virus ,,exp]im5ts ,,reque/$ ,,by ,a ,,japanese ,,m$ical ,,(fic] ,high ,comm& ( ! ,navy ,flott5>zt ,dr4 ,grunske ,b]l91 #g ,m>* #aidd ,l&graf5/r4 #ab ,tel3 #bd #ieia ,ext #bda ,to3 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,haag5 ,/rasb\rg ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,univ]sity ,de> ,pr(essor3 ,9 connection ) my lett] ( #bf ,febru>y & y\r long di/ance telephone call ( #f ,m>*1 ,i mu/ advise y t ! ,japanese ,ob]/abs>zt has 9 ! meantime contact$ ,ob]/>zt ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,rose ( ! ,luftwaffe ,m$ical ,s]vice1 & t ! latt] has promis$ to secure = him f ,/rasb\rg all ! acc\nts conc]n+ ! yell[ fev] virus exp]im5ts :i* are important to him4 ,!re=e1 ,ob]/>tz ,dr4 ,rose w give y fur!r details4 ,i !re=e ask t ! matt] be consid]$ clos$ betwe5 u4 ,) frat]nal e/eem & ,heil ,hitl]6 ,respectfully y\rs ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,grunske ,flott5>zt ,,translation ,,( ,,rose ,,docum5t #af ,,rose ,,def5se ,,exhibit #ab ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,pr(essor ,,otto ,,l5z1 ,,director ,,( ,,! ,,rob]t ,,ko* ,,in/itute ,,9 ,,b]l9 99 99 99 99 99 ,pr(essor ,rose 0 n ! 8typhus exp]t0 ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 nor did he "w on typhus !re4 ,b he 0 ! ,*ief ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,tropical ,m$ic9e1 & 0 9 ?is capacity1 ) ! exception ( "o field ( rese>*1 7t ( ! transmission ( dys5t]y & typhoid bacilli by insects7 exclusively conc]n$ ) tropical diseases & p>asites 7insects74 ,! typhus exp]t ( ! in/itute 0 r ,pr(essor ,haag51 ! ,*ief ( ! ,virus ,division4 ,aft] 8 dep>ture1 foll[+ 8 appo9tm5t to ! ,*air ( ,hygi5e at ,/rasb\rg ,univ]sity1 ,pr(essor ,gildemei/]1 ! !n ,presid5t ( ! ,in/itute1 cont9u$ ! rese>* on typhus4 ,?us1 v>i\s physicians1 among !m ,dr4 ,d+1 receiv$ in/ruction on typhus f ,pr(essor ,haag5 9 ! ,virus ,division1 b n f ,pr(essor ,rose4 ,ow+ to ! de/ruction by air raids ( _m ( ! files ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 ,i c no long] asc]ta9 :e!r ,pr(essor ,rose 0 associat$ ) ! decisions tak5 on typhus exp]im5ts4 ,sev]al ( ! m5 :o 7 at t "t dep>tm5tal *iefs1 h[ev]1 assur$ me unanim\sly1 t ?is _h n be5 ! case4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f9ally1 no?+ is kn[n ( ,pr(essor ,rose's hav+ _h ! opportunity to become aw>e ( ,geheimrat ,lockemann's *emo-!rapeutical exp]im5ts 7*emo-!rapy ( abdom9al typhoid ) otrhom974 ,! only rese>* on abdom9al typhoid c>ri$ on 9 ,rose's dep>tm5t consi/$ ( ! exp]im5ts on ! role ( ! h\se fly 9 ! transmission ( dys5t]y caus$ by bact]ia & ( abdom9al typhoid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,rose ,,docum5t #df ,,rose ,,def5se ,,exhibit #bj ,,extract ,,f ,a ,,c]tifi$ ,,/atem5t1 #d ,,m>* #aidg1 ,,( ,j4 ,,o]skov1 ,m4 ,d41 ,,director ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,s]um ,,in/itute ,,9 ,,cop5hag5 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 answ] to que/ions ask$ u ab\t ! visit ( ,pr(essor ,rose1 ,i c say ! foll[+3 to #a4 ,did ,pr(essor ,rose1 :5 he visit$ ! ,in/itute at ! end ( ,septemb] #aidc1 reque/ ! ,cop5hag5 ,in/itute to take up ! production ( ! typhus vacc9e f ,r4 pr4 9 ord] to help ov]come ! great %ortage ( typhus vacc9e8 ,yes4 to #b4 ,0 ?is reque/ refus$ by ,director ,o]skov = valid reasons8 ,yes4 to #c4 ,0 ,r4 !n tak5 to visit ,dr4 ,ips5's section8 ,i d n rememb] ?is1 b x is app>5t f ,dr4 ,ips5's exp]im5tal records t ,pr(essor ,rose actually 0 9 ,dr4 ,ips5's laboratory on #bd ,septemb] & probably discuss$ ^! problems ) him4 ,un=tunately1 ,dr4 ,ips5 is at pres5t 9 ,am]ica on a /udy trip & w n return be=e ,june or ,july4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 app>5t f our records t if ,pr(esor ,rose ev] receiv$ samples ( our vacc9e x c\ld only h be5 a small quantity1 & nei!r ,i nor ,dr4 ,ips5's colleagues h ev] he>d any?+ ( ! possible effects ( our vacc9e4 ,?r\gh ! ,dani% ,r$ ,cross we s5t our vacc9e to ,dani% z well z to ,norwegian prison]s ( w> camps1 s t ! vacc9e 0 giv5 only to ,dani% or ,norwegian colleagues4 ,we he>d f ,dani% colleagues t ! effect ( ^! vacc9ations 0 good4 ,i c add t ,i am grateful to ,pr(essor ,rose because he probably help$ to prev5t our ,in/itute's be+ compell$ to take ov] ! production ( typhus vacc9e4 ,x is entirely unpr$ictable :at calamities might h aris5 if we _h be5 =c$ to take up ! production ( ?is vacc9e4 ,sign$ ,j4 ,,o]skov ,director ( ! ,/ate ,s]um ,in/itute ,n4 ,k4 ,j4 ,no4 #aigd_/dg ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,eug5 ,,kogon#fc ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,n[1 w y please expla9 to ! ,tribunal 9 y\r own words exactly h[ ^! typhus exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out4 ,,witness ,,kogon3 ,aft] #dj to #fj p1 sometimes up to #abj1 _h be5 detail$ = a s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 "o-?ird ( !m 7 sep>at$1 & ! o!r two-?irds 7 ei!r vacc9at$ ) a protective treatm5t1 or x 0 o!rwise adm9i/]$ to !m1 if x 0 a *emical !rapeutical treatm5t4 ,^? p :o 7 protect$ aga9/ typhus rema9$ 9 ,block #df = sev]al weeks until _! infection ) ,rickettsias ,pr[azeki1 ! typhus ag5t4 ,! fir/ selection1 t is to say1 ! fir/ ?ird1 0 also infect$ toge!r ) !m4 ,!y s]v$ z s-call$ control p]sons1 ) ! help ( :om x 0 possible to asc]ta9 :e!r ! infection took & :at c\rse ! disease took 9 _! cases1 s t ?is c\rse c\ld be comp>$ ) t ( ^? :o _h be5 vacc9at$ & !n infect$4 ,! infection 0 p]=m$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,ei!r typhus 0 transf]r$ ?r\gh fre% blood inject$ intrav5\sly or intramuscul>ly4 ,at ! beg9n+1 too1 by scrat*+ ! sk91 or by mak+ a small incision 9 ! arm4 ,9 ! initial /ages1 two cubic c5timet]s ( fre% blood infect$ ) typhus 7 us$ = ! infection1 unless ! infection conc]n$ 0 "o ) an infecti\s solution4 ,two cubic c5timet]s ( fre% blood conta9+ typhus 7 !n usually inject$ into ! ve9s4 ,lat] on t dosage 0 r$uc$ to #a_/bj ( #a cubic c5timet] because ! l>ge quantity ( #b cubic c5timet]s w\ld p5etrate any security a*iev$ by ! vacc9ation4 ,ev5 #a_/bj ( a cubic c5timet] ( fre% blood conta9+ typhus 0 usually en\gh to produce a v high degree ( typhus if inject$ into ! ve9s4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ye>s ! typhus cultures us$ at ,bu*5wald _h be5 cultivat$ f man to man & _h increas$ _! /r5g?1 _! virul5ce to a consid]able degree1 s t ! v smalle/ quantity 0 suffici5t4 ,i sugge/$ to ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+ 9 #aidd t 9 ord] to increase ! sci5tific value he %\ld r$uce ! quantity ( ^! injections to ! extreme m9imum s t ! s-call$ ?re%old value c\ld be asc]ta9$--9 o!r words1 s t ! artificial infection %\ld be z simil> to normal infection by lice z possible4 ,he turn$ ?is sugge/ion d[n because he believ$ t !n no conv9c+ pro( c\ld be a*iev$ ( ! real /r5g? ( ! protective treatm5t us$4 ,a ?ird category ( ! exp]im5tal p]sons 0 us$ to ma9ta9 ! typhus cultures4 ,^? 7 ! s-call$ passage p]sons1 am\nt+ to ?ree to five p]sons p] mon?4 ,!y 7 m]ely infect$ = ! purpose ( ensur+ a con/ant supply ( fre% blood conta9+ typhus4 ,v ne>ly all ^? p]sons di$4 ,i d n ?9k ,i am exagg]at+ if ,i say t #ie p]c5t ( ^! cases 7 fatal4 ,q4 ,witness1 d y mean to say t !y delib]ately infect$ ?ree to five p]sons a mon? ) typhus j to h ! viruses alive & available 9 blood8 ,a4 ,j = t p>ticul> purpose4 ,q4 ,c y tell ! ,tribunal approximately h[ _m ( ^? p]sons di$ :o 7 infect$ j to keep ! viruses alive8 ,a4 ,f ! s-call$ passage p]sons1 z ,i h already said1 betwe5 ?ree to five 7 us$ p] mon?1 t is1 :5 ,i 0 work+ = ,dr4 ,d+-,s*ul]--e mon? until ! end ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 ,t is to say1 f ,april #aidc until ,m>* #aide4 ,z f> z ! previ\s p]iod is conc]n$1 ,i only "k t passage p]sons _h be5 us$1 b ,i d n "k ! figures4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 7 exp]im5tal p]sons also infect$ ) lice8 ,a4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 only "o s+le exp]im5t took place 9 ,bu*5wald :]e an orig9al infection ) typhus 0 p]=m$ ) lice4 ,! infect$ lice 7 br\ght f ! ,,okh ,in/itute 9 ,krak[ by a c\ri] & 7 tak5 to ,block #df4 ,!re !y 7 kept 9 small cages :i* 7 appli$ to ! ?ighs ( ! exp]im5tal p]sons1 & a numb] ( p]sons1 ,i d n "k h[ _m1 7 infect$4 ,"s ( our comrades let a few lice escape 9 a room ( ,block #df1 b !y kept !m "u control & report$ to ! ,kapo t infect$ lice _h escap$ f ! cages4 ,kapo inmate tru/y ,ar?ur ,dietzs* imm$iately report$ ?is to ! camp physician1 ,dr4 ,hov51 :o 0 deputiz+ at t "t = ,dr4 ,d+-,s*ul]4 ,dr4 ,hov51 foll[+ ,dietzs*'s advice1 !n ord]$ ! de/ruction ( ^! infect$ lice4 ,a second deliv]y f ,krak[ 0 also burn$ because x 0 n desir$ t exp]im5ts %\ld be p]=m$ :i* entail$ su* dang] = ! camp4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,c y tell ! ,tribunal :e!r ^! exp]im5tal subjects suff]$ to any appreciable ext5t dur+ ! c\rse ( ^! typhus exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,!re we mu/ draw a /rict divid+ l9e betwe5 ! g5]al m5tal condition ( su* exp]im5tal p]sons & ! physical condition caus$ by ?is disease4 ,e man 9 ! camp knew t ,block #df 0 a dreadful place4 ,only a v few p 9 ! camp _h an exact idea ( :at 0 go+ on 9 ,block #df4 ,a dreadful horror seiz$ anyone :o 0 br\ght into any k9d ( connection ) ?is block4 ,if p 7 select$ & tak5 to ,block #df ?r\gh ! sick bay1 !n !y knew t ! affair 0 a fatal "o4 ,! untold horror :i* 0 atta*$ to ?is block made ?+s ev5 worse4 ,ap>t f ?is1 x 0 g5]ally kn[n 9 ! camp t ,kapo ,ar?ur ,dietzs* ex]cis$ iron discipl9e 9 ,block #df4 ,!re ! cat-o'-n9e-tails really rul$ supreme4 ,ev]yone1 !re=e1 :o w5t to ,block #df z an exp]im5tal p]son did n only h to expect dea?1 & "u c]ta9 circum/ances a v long drawn out & frightful dea?1 b also torture & ! complete removal ( ! la/ remnants ( p]sonal fre$om4 ,9 ?is m5tal condition ^! exp]im5tal p]sons wait$ 9 ! sick bays = an unkn[n p]iod ( "t4 ,!y wait$ = ! day or = ! night :5 some?+ w\ld be done to !m2 !y did n "k :at x w\ld be1 b !y guess$ t x w\ld be "s frightful =m ( dea?4 ,if !y 7 vacc9at$1 !n sometimes ! mo/ horrible sc5es took place1 because ! pati5ts 7 afraid ! injections 7 le?al4 ,kapo ,ar?ur ,dietzs* _h to re/ore ord] ) iron discipl9e4 ,aft] a c]ta9 p]iod1 :5 ! actual illness _h set 9 aft] ! infection1 ord9>y symptoms ( typhus w\ld appe>1 :i*1 z is well kn[n1 is "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s illnesses4 ,! infection1 z ,i h already describ$ to y1 became s p[]ful dur+ ! la/ two & a half ye>s t ! typhus almo/ always appe>$ 9 its mo/ horrible =m4 ,!re 7 cases ( rav+ madness1 delirium1 p w\ld refuse to eat1 & a l>ge p]c5tage ( !m w\ld die4 ,^? :o exp]i5c$ ! disease 9 a mild] =m1 p]haps because _! con/itutions 7 /rong] or because ! vacc9e 0 effective1 7 =c$ cont9u\sly to obs]ve ! dea? /ruggles ( ! o!rs4 ,& all ?is took place 9 an atmosph]e h>dly possible to imag9e4 ,j :at happ5$ to ^? p :o surviv$ ! typhus 0 some?+ :i* !y did n "k dur+ ! p]iod ( convalesc5ce4 ,w\ld !y rema9 9 ,block #df to be us$ = o!r purposes8 ,w\ld !y be us$ z assi/ants8 ,w\ld !y be fe>$ z surviv+ witnesses ( ! exp]im5ts on human be+s & !re=e kill$8 ,all ?is 0 some?+ :i* !y did n "k & :i* aggravat$ ! conditions ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,rose#fd ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,:5 did y fir/ le>n t ,haag5 0 conduct+ exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates8 ,,def5dant ,,rose3 ,t ,haag5 0 p]=m+ exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates8 ,i don't believe t ev5 today1 b ,i knew t he c>ri$ out vacc9ations 9 conc5tration camps4 ,i _c rememb] :5 ,i fir/ le>n$ ( x--probably 9 #aidc4 ,q4 ,well1 y rememb] ! lett] 9 ,decemb] #aidc8 ,a4 ,i c]ta9ly mu/ h kn[n x by !n because !re ,i ref] to x4 ,q4 ,well1 did y "k ab\t ?is sordid occasion :5 ,haag5 _h #ah m5 :o _h be5 assign$ to him die on transport8 ,a4 ,i nev] le>n$ any?+ ab\t t at ! "t4 ,i f\nd x out f ! files4 ,i nev] knew t prison]s 7 especially tak5 to ^! conc5tration camps 9 ord] to be vacc9at$4 ,q4 ,:at w\ld y h done if y _h kn[n ab\t x8 ,w\ldn't t h giv5 y an indication t maybe ?+s 7 n s nice 9 ! conc5tration camp1 or maybe prop] c>e wasn't be+ tak5 ( ! inmates 9 ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,if ,i _h le>n$ any?+ ab\t x ,i probably w\ld h react$ exactly z ,haag5 did4 ,! docum5ts he wrote to ! ,,ss (fice prove t "o _c conduct any exp]im5ts ( any consequ5ce on su* un=tunate p4 ,! record is 9 ! docum5ts "h4 ,if ,i _h le>n$ ab\t x1 ,i w\ld probably h react$ 9 exactly ! same way1 p]haps m viol5tly4 ,q4 ,well1 ,i %\ld h hop$ s4 ,a4 ,i beg y\r p>don4 ,i didn't und]/& y4 ,q4 ,i %\ld h hop$ y w\ld h react$ some:at m viol5tly ?an ,haag5 app>5tly did4 ,a4 ,t is possible4 ,our temp]am5ts are diff]5t4 ,q4 ,y recall ,fraeule9 ,ey] te/ifi$ t ,haag5 s5t reports e ?ree mon?s to ! ,m$ical ,inspector ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,d y agree to t te/imony8 ,a4 ,i he>d ! te/imony4 ,ye/]day 9 my direct exam9ation ,i comm5t$ on x4 ,if ,haag5 _h report$ e ?ree mon?s ,i c]ta9ly w\ldn't h =gott5 x4 ,i _h _m ?+s on my m9d dur+ ! w>1 b su* an exempl>y condition ( report+ w\ld c]ta9ly h impress$ itself on my memory4 ,x is q out ( ! "q t ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate receiv$ a report f ,haag5 e #c mon?s4 ,i said ye/]day t ,i consid] ,fraeule9 ,ey]'s te/imony q cr$ible1 because 9 view ( ! numb] ( (fices ) :i* ,haag5 0 9 connection1 & f :i* he receiv$ reports1 !re 7 s _m reports & acc\nts necess>y t x is a m>vel t ,fraeule9 ,ey] didn't say %e _h to write a report e mon?4 ,i expla9$ ) ! aid ( ! docum5ts :at obligation to report is app>5t f ! docum5ts alone4 ,y probably hav5't _h an opportunity to read ! record yet1 b z soon z ! record is ready y w be able to see t4 ,i don't ?9k !re is any purpose 9 hold+ up ! proce$+s ) t any fur!r4 ,q4 ,& y are q cle> t ,haag5 nev] sugge/$ to y t he 0 go+ to c>ry out infection exp]im5ts ) typhus aft] vacc9ation8 ,a4 ,t is n kn[n to me4 ,q4 ,let's h a look at ,docum5t ,,no-#ajei4 ,?is w be m>k$ z ,prosecution ,exhibit #dij = id5tification4 ,n[1 w y please read ?is lett] 9 a l\d & resonant voice8 ,a4 ,p]haps ,i may see ! photo/at4 ,q4 ,w y read ! lett] al\d1 please8 ,a4 7,read+7 8#bi ,novemb] #aidc--,regi/]$ 8,to ,ob]/>zt ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,rose 8,inspectorate ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe 8,saal[ 7,po/ ,(fice ,zoss5-,l&7 8,de> ,h]r ,rose3 8,enclos$ ,i am s5d+ y ! report ab\t our exp]im5ts ) dehydrat$ typhus vacc9e :i* ,i promis$ y sev]al days ago4 ,z ,i int5d to publi% ! f9d+s1 ,i h already writt5 ! report 9 manuscript =m4 ,aft] x has be5 review$1 ,i w\ld l x to be submitt$ to ! compet5t au?orities = _! approval ( its publication 9 ! #8,z5tralblatt fur ,bakt]iologie' ,c5tral ,p]iodical = ,bact]iology4 8,"o hundr$ p]sons f a local conc5tration camp 7 put at my disposal = immunization & subsequ5t infection4 ,un=tunately1 ^! p 7 9 su* a poor physical condition t eighte5 ( !m already di$ dur+ transport2 ! rema9d] 7 likewise 9 su* bad physical %ape t !y c\ld n be us$ = inoculation purposes4 ,9 ! meantime ,i h reque/$ #ajj additional p]sons f ! ,,ss ,ma9 ,(fice1 :o %\ld1 h[ev]1 be 9 a normal physical & nutritional condition1 s t ! exp]im5ts c be c>ri$ out on mat]ial :i* at lea/ approa*es ! physical condition ( our soldi]s4 8,= ! "t be+1 we w conc5trate on an epidemic culture 9 ! =m ( a virus1 :i* we h receiv$ f ,gir\d 9 ! meantime4 ,?is seems to be a v good culture4 8,) be/ reg>ds1 8,heil ,hitl]6 8,y\rs-- 8,enclosure3 "o report40 ,& no signature4 ,?is is ! matt] :i* ,i discuss$ ye/]day4 ,haag5's plan to te/ ! inoculation reactions to 8 live & virul5t dry vacc9e by prevacc9ation ) dead vacc9e to weak5 ! reaction4 ,t is ! same matt]4 ,q4 ,i ?\ght y said ab\t two m9utes ago t y didn't "k ( ! incid5t :]e eighte5 ( ! inmates put at ,haag5's disposal _h di$ dur+ transport4 ,a4 ,yes1 t's true4 ,t's :at ,i said4 ,i _h =gott5 ab\t x4 ,i ?\ght t ,i _h le>n$ x = ! fir/ "t f ! records4 ,if ,i _h rememb]$ x1 ,i w\ld1 ( c\rse1 n h expos$ myself by d5y+ x4 ,b n[ ,i see ?is lett]4 ,x is obvi\sly a c>bon copy4 ,i mu/ assume t on #bi ,novemb] #aidc ! mail 0 /ill fairly normal1 & t ,i receiv$ ! lett]1 s9ce a report is m5tion$ :i* ,i 0 to deal )4 ,x 0 app>5tly "o ( ,haag5's pap]s on 8 dry vacc9e1 on :i* my k is bas$ & on acc\nt ( :i* ,i c give any in=mation "h at all z to ,haag5's exp]im5ts4 ,?is k ( m9e goes back to ^! pap]s ( 8 :i* he want$ to publi%4 ,q4 ,x w\ld appe> t 9 spite ( y\r fi]y temp]am5t y\r reaction 0 ev5 less significant ?an ,haag5's himself1 w\ldn't x8 ,a4 ,s9ce ,i 0 n conc]n$ 9 ! matt]1 z x 0 some?+ betwe5 ,haag5 & ! conc5tration camp1 !re 0 no reaction 9 ?is case4 ,if somebody else tells me t he has _h direct contact ) abuses1 !n !re is no occasion = me to int]f]e1 s9ce t is settl$ betwe5 ! p]sons conc]n$4 ,i _h no?+ to d ) ! conc5tration camps4 ,i did n h to c>ry out any inoculations !re4 ,q4 ,& y insi/ t ! words1 8"o hundr$ p]sons f a local conc5tration camp 7 put at my disposal = immunization & subsequ5t infection0 really don't mean subsequ5t infection at all1 b a subsequ5t immunization8 ,a4 ,) ! live & virul5t dry vacc9e1 yes4 ,q4 ,well1 t is c]ta9ly an in>ticulate way ( say+ t1 isn't x8 ,a4 ,?is is correspond5ce betwe5 exp]ts1 & !y "k :at x's ab\t4 ,q4 ,y /ate y\rself t y are /ill n sure exactly :at ,haag5 did1 al?\gh y 7 d[n !re 9 ! middle ( #aidc & got him back on ! pay roll ( ! ,luftwaffe1 & y knew he 0 /ay+ at ! laboratory & y knew he 0 go+ to "w on typhus vacc9es1 b y n[ sit "h & say y don't "k exactly :at he 0 do+4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is true4 ,i h giv5 consid]able in=mation "h ab\t ,haag5's "w1 & ,i h gone to consid]able pa9s to get x all toge!r2 b ( c\rse ,i c't give y complete in=mation1 simply because all ^! exp]im5ts 7 n "u our direction & sup]vision4 ,q4 ,h]r ,pr(essor1 ! fir/ "t ! "q ( subsequ5t infection came up 0 9 a lett] dat$ #aidd1 & y sp5t ! be/ "p ( a day rationaliz+ 8subsequ5t infection0 z mean+ some?+ entirely diff]5t--t x 0 simply a subsequ5t vacc9ation1 aft] ! man _h already be5 vacc9at$ by ! dead vacc9e4 ,n[1 if y 7 told on #bi ,novemb] #aidc t he 0 go+ to c>ry out immunization & subsequ5t infection exp]im5ts1 y c]ta9ly w\ld h kn[n z a matt] ( fact :at he 0 do+1 & y w\ld n ne$ to speculate on ?is /& z y did ye/]day4 ,^! words are entirely susceptible to ! mean+ t !y mean exactly :at !y say4 ,a4 ,at ?is /age ( 8 exp]im5ts ,haag5 did n yet h a fully develop$ vacc9e4 ,he 0 work+ exclusively on ! problem ( weak5+ ! reaction to ?is live virul5t vacc9e4 ,t 0 ! problem he 0 deal+ ) at ! end ( #aidc & ! beg9n+ ( #aidd4 ,he 0 look+ = v>i\s me?ods ( a*iev+ ?is aim4 ,q4 ,:at does he mean 9 ! la/ p>agraph :5 he says1 8,= ! "t be+1 we w conc5trate on an epidemic culture 9 ! =m ( a virus1 :i* we h receiv$ f ,gir\d 9 ! meantime08 ,a4 ,t means t up to t "t he _h work$ ) a mur9e /ra91 & t n[ = ! developm5t ( ! dry vacc9e he want$ 9 addition to use a /ra9 ( ,rickettsia-,pr[azeki4 ,q4 ,well1 ,i n[ want to po9t out to y aga9 t ,i am hav+ consid]able difficulty 9 con/ru+ ! ^w 8infection0 to mean vacc9ation4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i admit t _m ( ^! docum5ts are writt5 9 a confus+ way1 b ,i believe t ,i c rememb] ! :ole matt] adequately en\gh to "k :at ! problem is4 ,! vacc9e 0 n develop$ en\gh to be us$ 9 vacc9ation )\t reaction & !n to det]m9e ! effect4 ,!re 7 /rong fev] reactions1 & ! problem 0 h[ to avoid ?is fev] reaction4 ,q4 ,well1 :y call t infection8 ,a4 ,t is a simil> condition biologically4 ,an injection ( a live1 a virul5t vacc9e1 f ! biological po9t ( view1 is an infection4 ,?is expression is us$ (t5 en\gh1 b x is an infection :i* "o c absolutely control4 ,q4 ,& aft] receipt ( ?is lett]1 y !n wrote him on ! #ac? ( ,decemb]--& ?is is ,docum5t ,,no-#abb1 ,exhibit #bih--y s5t him ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e1 didn't y1 & ask$ him to te/ x 9 8 exp]im5ts on 8 conc5tration camp inmates1 didn't y1 j z !y did 9 ,bu*5wald1 z y put x8 ,a4 ,i beg y\r p>don8 ,q4 ,y s5t him ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e aft] receiv+ ?is lett] ( #bi ,novemb]1 & ask$ him to te/ t 9 8 exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates4 ,a4 ,:5 ?is discussion ( ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e took place1 ,haag5 0 specially int]e/$ 9 x1 because x 0 a mur9e vacc9e2 & s9ce he c\ld n yet control fev] reaction ) mur9e vacc9e--he only succe$$ 9 do+ t at ! beg9n+ ( #aidd by /or+ ! vacc9e = a consid]able "t--he 0 no long] int]e/$ 9 ?is ,cop5hag5 vacc9e4 ,b at ! end ( #aidc1 :5 he /ill _h ! same difficulties z ,blanc ) ! reactions ) ! live mur9e vacc9e1 he 0 consid]ably int]e/$ 9 ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e4 ,= x 0 ! only vacc9e f mur9e virus available 9 ,europe at ! "t4 ,q4 ,y s5t x to him1 told him to te/ x j l !y did 9 a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald1 didn't y8 ,a4 ,i don't rememb] t4 ,q4 ,well1 y rememb] m5tion+ ,bu*5wald to ,haag5 9 y\r lett] ( #ac ,decemb] #aidc8 ,a4 ,oh1 t's :at y mean4 ,yes1 ,i po9t$ x out z a p>allel1 because sev]al vacc9es 7 te/$ 9 ,bu*5wald = _! effect aga9/ infection1 & ,haag5 9 ,/rasb\rg want$ to te/ v>i\s vacc9e = _! reaction effect4 ,q4 ,y s5t t ,cop5hag5 vacc9e to ,bu*5wald also to be te/$8 ,a4 ,no4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,h]r ,pr(essor1 did ,mrug[sky ev] reque/ y to give him vacc9es = use 9 typhus exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,did y ev] discuss ! "q z to :e!r ! l\se c\ld be infect$ by a vacc9at$ typhus pati5t ) ! def5dant ,mrug[sky8 ,a4 ,t c\ld be possible4 ,?is "q play$ an important role = a "t 9 ! discussion ab\t ! vacc9es & _! effectiv5ess4 ,we _h "s old ,poli% obs]vations available to ! effect t if vacc9at$ p]sons receiv$ typhus 9 spite ( ! vacc9ation1 no fur!r illnesses c\ld be transf]r$ by su* p]sons4 ,x is possible ?r\gh\t1 s9ce ?is "q 0 ( consid]able importance t some?+ l t c\ld well h be5 discuss$ by ,mrug[sky & myself4 ,we talk$ a lot ab\t t "q4 ,q4 ,did y ev] negotiate ) ,mrug[sky conc]n+ vacc9es to be te/$ 9 ,bu*5wald8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,let's look at ,docum5t ,,no-#aged4 7,docum5t submitt$ to ! witness47 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,i w ask t docum5t ,,no-#aged be m>k$ z ,prosecution ,exhibit #dia = id5tification4 ,q4 7,cont9u+7 ,h]r ,pr(essor1 w y read ?is docum5t al\d8 ,a4 8,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss2 ,j\rnal ,no4 #gie_/db 8,b]l9 ,w #ae1 ,knesebeck/rasse #dc_/dd2 #af ,may #aidb 8,to ,ob]feld>zt ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,rose2 ,b]l9 ,n4 ,w41 ,foehr]/rasse #b 8,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 8,de> ,pr(essor3 8,! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police has cons5t$ to ! execution ( exp]im5ts to te/ typhus vacc9es4 ,may ,i !re=e ask y to let me h ! vacc9es8 8,! o!r "q :i* y rais$1 z to :e!r ! l\se c be infect$ by a typhus pati5t vacc9at$ = protection1 w also be dealt )4 ,9 pr9ciple1 ?is has also be5 approv$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 /ill "s difficulties at ! mom5t ab\t ! practical execution1 s9ce we h at pres5t no facilities = bre$+ lice4 8,y\r sugge/ion to use ,olzs*a has be5 pass$ on to ! p]sonnel dep>tm5t ( ! ,,ss ,m$ical ,(fice4 ,x w be giv5 consid]ation 9 due c\rse4 8,) k9d reg>ds1 & 8,heil ,hitl]6 8,y\rs 8,dr4 ,,mrug[sky1 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr]40 ,!re is a footnote to ?is lett]1 & ,i quote3 8,accord+ to telephone inquiry1 ,dr4 ,mrug[sky asks to be call$ by telephone aft] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,rose's return4 ,dr4 ,mrug[sky w n be 9 ,b]l9 9 ,june4 ,8 deputy1 ,dr4 ,d+1 is in=m$4 #bj ,may #aidb40 ,?is lett] %[s t ,dr4 ,mrug[sky once in=m$ me t ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police _h cons5t$ to ! te/+ ( typhus vacc9es4 ,he !n asks me to s5d him ^! vacc9es4 ,i _c recall :at vacc9es he is speak+ (4 ,!n ! "q is discuss$ ab\t lice be+ infect$ by typhus pati5ts vacc9at$ = protection4 ,i admitt$ t a possibility exi/s1 & ,i said t ?is "q 0 at "o "t discuss$ ) me4 ,! f9al p>agraph says t "o ( my assi/ants _h be5 draft$ into ! ,waff5 ,,ss & t ,i endeavor$ to h him us$ 9 ! hygi5e s]vice4 ,q4 ,h]r ,pr(essor1 let's g to ! footnote fir/4 ,:at are ! initials 8,b4 ,l40 at ! end ( t footnote =8 ,isn't t ,frau ,block8 ,a4 ,yes1 t w\ld be ,frau ,block1 yes4 ,q4 ,& ,frau ,block has be5 9 t\* ) ,dr4 ,mrug[sky4 ,%e notes t ,dr4 ,d+1 :o ,i suppose y w admit is ,dr4 ,d+1 has be5 in=m$4 ,9 view ( ?is note we c pretty well disreg>d ! te/imony ( y\r witness ,frau ,block be=e ?is ,tribunal1 c't we8 ,%e te/ifi$ t y _h n correspond$ ) ,mrug[sky1 didn't %e8 ,a4 ,%e said t %e c\ld n recollect any correspond5ce ) ,mrug[sky1 b y w see f my docum5ts :i* y h be=e y1 t ?is correspond5ce 9 effect 0 s small t x is q und]/&able if %e does n rememb] x 9 detail4 ,x is a result ( my express ord] t y h ^! docum5ts available4 ,i ord]$ t 9 my in/itute at ,pfaff5rode no docum5ts %\ld be de/roy$ "u any circum/ances4 ,!re is a writt5 docum5t available to %[ t ,i gave su* an ord]4 ,q4 ,h]r ,pr(essor1 ?is lett] is 9 response to "o :i* y wrote to ,mrug[sky1 isn't x8 ,a4 ,t's possible4 ,q4 ,& 9 ! lett] t y wrote to ,mrug[sky y ask$ him to h ! ,bu*>e/ vacc9e te/$ 9 ,bu*5wald1 didn't y8 ,a4 ,i told y be=e 9 great detail t ,i c\ld n rememb] ?is matt] ab\t ! ,bu*>e/ vacc9e4 ,if y h a lett] be=e y ab\t ?is matt]1 x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 give me a possibility to refre% my memory4 ,q4 ,i %\ld ?9k ?is lett] w\ld refre% y\r memory1 ,h]r ,pr(essor1 p>ticul>ly 9 view ( ! ,d+ di>y1 :i* has an entry %ortly foll[+ ! date on ?is lett] :]e ,d+ c>ries out 8 exp]im5ts ) ! ,bu*>e/ vacc9e among o!rs1 & says 9 ! di>y t ! vacc9e 0 obta9$ f y2 & ,mrug[sky 9 ?is lett] ask$ y to s5d him ! vacc9es :i* y h m5tion$ 9 y\r previ\s lett]4 ,!re's really no d\bt ab\t x1 is !re1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,?is possibly becomes app>5t4 ,q4 ,& 0 ?is p]son ,olzs*a m5tion$ 9 ! lett]8 ,0 he to assi/ 9 ,bu*5wald8 ,a4 ,he 0 to be us$ 9 ! hygi5e s]vice4 ,s9ce he p>ticul>ly dealt ) entomological que/ions1 ,i ask$ t he %\ld "w on ^! que/ions !re4 ,q4 ,y got a report f ,d+1 too1 on ^! exp]im5ts te/+ ! ,bu*>e/ vacc9e1 didn't y1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,i _c rememb] t1 & ,i already told y once t _h ,i receiv$ any su* report1 ,i w\ld h drawn ! conclusions f x2 & s9ce ,i did n d t1 ,i ?9k x is improbable t ,i receiv$ su* a report4 ,q4 ,9 view ( ?is lett]1 ,doctor1 d y want to g back & *ange y\r te/imony ab\t ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e8 ,didn't y also sugge/ ^? exp]im5ts1 & didn't y also supply ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e = ! exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i h no int5tion ( do+ t4 ,q4 ,well1 9 t ev5t ,i w ask t ,docum5t ,,no-#aahf be pass$ up to y1 & ?is w be m>k$ z ,prosecution ,exhibit #dib = id5tification4 ,w y read ?is lett] al\d please8 ,a4 8,ob]/>zt ,pr(essor ,rose 8,o4 ,u41 #b ,decemb] #aidc 8,to ,/&>t5fuehr] ,dr4 ,mrug[sky1 8,head ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 8,b]l9-,zehl5dorf #f 8,spanis*e ,allee #aj 8,de> ,h]r ,mrug[sky3 8,at pres5t ,i h at my disposal a numb] ( samples ( a new mur9e virus typhus vacc9e :i* 0 prep>$ f mice liv]s & prov$ 9 animal exp]im5ts to be quantitatively a ?\s& times m effective ?an ! vacc9e prep>$ f mice lungs4 ,9 ord] to decide :e!r ?is fir/-rate mur9e vacc9e %\ld be us$ = protective vacc9ation ( human be+s aga9/ lice typhus1 x w\ld be desirable to "k if ?is vacc9e %[$ 9 y\rs & ,d+'s exp]im5tal arrangem5t at ,bu*5wald an effect simil> to t ( ! classic virus vacc9es4 ,w\ld y be able to h su* an exp]im5tal s]ies c>ri$ out8 ,un=tunately1 ,i c\ld n rea* y ov] ! phone4 ,consid]+ ! sl[ness ( po/al communications ,i w\ld be grateful = an answ] by telephone4 ,my numb]s1 all ( :i* g ?r\gh ! same swit*bo>d1 are3 ,b]l9 #bghcac2 ,rapid ,ex*ange ,b]l9 #ij1 ,zoss5 #eei2 ,luftwaffe ,ex*ange #gb1 !re y ask = ,,rlm1 ,l ,9 #ad4 8,) be/ reg>ds 8,heil ,hitl]6 8,y\rs 8,rose0 ,! signature :i* y see on ?is photo/atic copy is1 9 effect1 my signature4 ,?is lett] %[s t ,i also in=m$ ,mrug[sky ab\t ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e1 :i* ,i did n rememb] up to ?is po9t4 ,q4 ,& y ask$ him to te/ ! vacc9e 9 ,bu*5wald didn't y8 ,a4 ,! "q ( :e!r ?is vacc9e c be te/$ 9 ,bu*5wald is dealt ) "h4 ,q4 ,d y see ! "n 8,d+0 writt5 at ! bottom ( ! lett]8 ,a4 ,yes1 x is at ! bottom ( ! page4 ,q4 ,& x appe>s t ! te/imony ( ,kogon 0 v precise1 wasn't x1 because ,d+ got a copy ( ?is lett]1 didn't he8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,d+'s utt]ances d n only ref] to my memor&um b also to ! correspond5ce betwe5 ,mrug[sky & myself4 ,app>5tly x 0 !n transf]r$ to ! ,rei*s>zt ,,ss4 ,q4 ,is ! date on ?is lett] #b ,decemb] #aidc or #ab ,febru>y #aidc--;& ,i direct y\r att5tion to ! receipt /amp on ! lett] :i* is #ba ,febru>y #aidd8 ,a4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two dates c be expla9$ by ! fact t a consid]able "t _h elaps$ betwe5 ! s5d+ ( my lett] & :5 ?is lett] f9ally rea*$ ,d+4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! compet5t ag5cy dealt ) ! matt] ( ! approval & execution ( ! exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,q4 ,s y ma9ta9 t #b ,decemb] #aidc is ! correct date on ! lett]8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,t is c]ta9ly ! correct date4 ,q4 ,on ! basis ( ! two lett]s :i* ,i h exhibit$ to y1 y w conc$e t ! ,d+ di>y 0 precisely accurate 9 :at x said1 won't y8 ,a4 ,no1 "o c't conclude t j l t4 ,! ord] to c>ry out exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald c\ld n be issu$ by me 9 any way4 ,q4 ,t's v cle>-- ,a4 ,t vacc9es 7 reque/$ f me seems to be evid5t f "o lett]4 ,i didn't rememb] x & ,i /ill don't rememb] x n[1 b on ! basis ( ?is lett] "o has to consid] t fact prov$4 ,!n x also becomes evid5t t 9 ?is case ,i drew ! att5tion ( ,h]r ,mrug[sky to ?is vacc9e1 & t ,i m5tion$ a discussion deal+ ) human exp]im5ts reg>d+ ^! vacc9es4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 #f p]sons di$ 9 ?is exp]im5t ) ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e1 didn't !y8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,^! 7 #f p]sons :o 7 furni%$ by ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police ,(fice ?r\gh ! regul> *annels aft] !y 7 *os5 by ! compet5t ag5cies4 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky#fe ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,flem+3 ,w y please draw ! necess>y conclusions f :at we h discov]$ ab\t ,d+'s di>y8 ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky3 ,! v>i\s errone\s entries 9 ?is docum5t & ! facts :i* ! h&writ+ exp]ts h discov]$ prove t ?is docum5t is n a di>y 9 :i* entries 7 made f "t to "t4 ,r !re are long p]iods ( "t t are miss+1 sometimes p]iods ( m ?an "o ye> be=e ! entries 7 made4 ,pages #a to #c1 ,i believe1 7 all writt5 at ! same "t1 & also ! subsequ5t pages4 ,! docum5t has #bg pages1 :i* 7 writt5 d[n on only a few occasions4 ,t is te/ifi$ to by ! h&writ+ exp]t4 ,?is expla9s ! v>i\s discrepancies betwe5 ! entries & ! actual facts2 = in/ance1 call+ ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute a ,rei* ,in/itute1 :5 x wasn't1 etc4 ,! te/imony ( a prosecution witness1 ,bala*[sky1 corroborates ?is affidavit4 ,q4 ,?is affidavit is ,docum5t ,,no-#dhd1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bia4 ,bala*[sky said1 "u numb] #bi3 8,! file notes :i* 7 copi$ into ! di>y %ortly be=e ! collapse1 give ! precise numb] ( ! pages & ! numb] ( ! exp]im5ts40 ,n[ please cont9ue4 ,a4 ,9 ^! words ,bala*[sky corroborates ! fact t ?is di>y1 namely1 ?is di>y ( ,block #df1 0 drawn up %ortly be=e ! collapse1 app>5tly on sev]al days1 consequ5tly ! diff]5ce 9 ! typewrit]s us$4 ,n[1 z to :y he did ?is ,i c only conjecture--,i d n "k4 ,t !re 0 "s reason = mak+ ! entries 9 ?is =m w\ld appe> to be obvi\s4 ,q4 ,= ! explanation ( :y ,d+ wrote ?is di>y on ,block #df let me rem9d y ( ,kogon's te/imony1 namely1 t aft] #aidc ,d+ 0 sure t ! w> w\ld be lo/4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is true4 ,dur+ 8 te/imony ,kogon (t5 /at$ t f ! beg9n+ ( #aidc on1 ,d+ made ef=ts to cov] himself4 ,he also said t f t mom5t on1 ! oral assignm5ts t he receiv$ 7 n suffici5t1 b t he mu/ insi/ on receiv+ writt5 ord]s4 ,all ! m rem>kable is x !n t ! s-call$ di>y1 ?is ,,no-#bfe1 says only v infrequ5tly :o initiat$ ! v>i\s l9es ( exp]im5tation4 ,&1 if ,i recall correctly1 he does n once say :o ord]$ !m4 ,q4 ,!n d ! cont5ts ( ?is di>y meet ! normal requirem5ts ( a sci5ti/'s di>y8 ,a4 ,! di>y ( a sci5ti/ has ! purpose ( sett+ d[n ! precise c\rse ( ! "w und]tak54 ,consequ5tly1 all ef=ts reg>d+ ! initiation & c\rse ( exp]im5ts %\ld be set d[n4 ,t is a p]fectly compreh5sible cu/om 9 all in/itutes because subsequ5tly ! evaluation ( ! exp]im5ts is bas$ on entries 9 ! sci5tific in/itute's di>y4 ,9 ?is ,docum5t ,,no-#bfe1 h[ev]1 :i* is alleg$ly su* a di>y ( ,block #df1 !re is n "o entry reg>d+ ! actual c\rse ( ! exp]im5ts2 n ev5 ! results ( ! exp]im5ts are set d[n !re4 ,t is really ! lea/ t y c\ld ask ( su* a di>y4 ,dr4 ,kogon ?\ght t ! numb] ( fatalities :i* are set d[n ) cle> precision 7 a result1 to be sure1 an unhappy result1 ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,t ^! ev5ts are f\nd lam5table c h>dly be disput$1 b x is a false po9t ( view if "o ori5ts oneself on ! basis ( ?is result t[>d some?+1 ! purpose ( :i* 0 entirely diff]5t4 ,! real exp]im5tal result c be se5 9 ! foll[+3 z a consequ5ce ( ! protective vacc9ation1 :at happ5s dur+ a subsequ5t case ( infection is t fir/ly1 ! p]iod ( incubation is prolong$1 namely1 t p]iod ( "t :i* lapses betwe5 ! actual infection & ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! disease4 ,secondly1 ! p]iod ( fev] is %ort5$1 :]eas usually ! p]iod ( fev] 9 typhus is #ag days4 ,?is protective vacc9ation r$uces x to #ab1 #aj1 & ev5 #f days1 dep5d+ on ! /r5g? ( ! protective vacc9e4 ,at ! same "t1 ! height ( ! temp]ature is r$uc$4 ,9 o!r words1 ! symptoms t are associat$ ) fev]1 :i* effect ! blood circulation & ! he>t1 z well z ^? :i* effect ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em1 are less pron\nc$ or altoge!r abs5t aft] ! protective vacc9e4 ,!re are v>i\s o!r small cl9ical indications :i* a doctor readily recognizes z a result ( ! protective vacc9e1 & x mu/ be said t z ! result ( less s]i\s cl9ical manife/ations1 ! numb] ( fatalities f typhus is small]4 ,t is n a direct b an indirect consequ5ce ( vacc9ation4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,d+ ass]ts 9 ?is block di>y ( ,block #df t ! mo/ important result ( ! exp]im5ts 0 ! numb] ( fatalities1 !n e doctor w recognize ?is z su* an errone\s & di/ort$ /atem5t t ev5 if x is made by a doctor s reliable z ,d+1 x is completely unwor?y ( cr$5ce4 ,q4 ,i n[ %[ y ,mrug[sky #i & ,i put x 9 z ,mrug[sky ,exhibit #bc4 ,x is a photo/at ( a pap] by ,dr4 ,d+ on ! protective action ( v>i\s vacc9es on human be+s & ! c\rse ( typhus aft] immunization4 ,i d n wi% to read ! docum5t b simply desire to br+ x to ! att5tion ( ! ,tribunal4 ,w\ld y c>e to make any /atem5t ab\t ! inadequate way 9 :i* ?is di>y 0 work$ on8 ,w\ld y l to say t p]haps ,d+ 0 n 9 a position to c>ry on su* "w8 ,a4 ,?is pap] is #ac pages long4 ,fir/1 !re is ! mann] ( ! pati5t's tol]ance = ! vacc9e1 !n ! individual po9ts :i* ,i j m5tion$ z ! consequ5ces ( ! protective vacc9ation are gone into4 ,tables are pres5t$ :i* give /ati/ics 9 ^! matt]s4 ,!re are eight sket*es giv+ graphs %[+ ! results2 & at ! v bottom on ! next to ! la/ page1 9 ! next to ! la/ p>agraph1 !re are ?ree l9es :i* say t ! fatalities 9 ! cases ( ^? vacc9at$ 7 few] 9 numb] ?an among ^? n vacc9at$4 ,t is all m5tion$ 9 ! summ>y--!re is a f9al summ>y4 ,?is is also an indication t he 0 p]fectly capable ( c>ry+ on sci5tific "w4 ,i %\ld l to po9t out t at ! top ( ?is pap] x is m5tion$ t ?is "w 0 done 9 my in/itute 9 ,b]l94 ,i say t z an indication t ,i laid no /ress on keep+ ^! matt]s secret 9 any way or t x 0 my po9t ( view t ^! exp]im5tal results :i* _h be5 a*iev$ on ! mo/ exp5sive ( all mat]ial1 namely1 human be+s1 %\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh to conclusion & t results %\ld be made available to all :o are int]e/$4 ,q4 ,! prosecution also *>ges y ) ! fact t ,d+ infect$ p]sons 9 ,bu*5wald :o _h n previ\sly receiv$ ! protective vacc9ation4 ,w\ld y l to make a /atem5t on t subject8 ,a4 ,! foll[+ cases come into "q "h on ! basis ( ,d+'s di>y entries4 ,fir/ ( all1 !re are ! s-call$ 8prelim9>y exp]im5ts04 ,9 ,docum5t ,,no-#bfe1 f\r su* prep>atory exp]im5ts are m5tion$ on nonvacc9at$ p]sons4 ,^! 7 done 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :at me?od 0 possible 9 ord] to artificially infect human be+s ) typhus4 ,i always f\nd t ! lay p]son :o _h nev] conc]n$ himself ) ^! matt]s assumes x to be a matt] ( c\rse t x is always possible to infect a human be+ ) a disease4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is by no means ! case4 ,ev5 9 ! case ( su* a toxic mat]ial z ! typhus g]m1 successful infection c only occur if x is n direct$ directly into ! blood /ream4 ,unless ano!r way is *os51 x is usually impossible to br+ ab\t infection ) su* a disease4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 su* exp]im5ts are to be c>ri$ out on human be+s--& ?is is a po9t ( view :i* ,i express )\t any ref]5ce to my own p]son--!n su* prelim9>y exp]im5ts _c be disp5s$ )4 ,! second case is ! s-call$ 8controll$ cases04 ,q4 ,did y "k any?+ ( ^! prelim9>y exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i f\nd out ab\t !m only ?r\gh ! di>y4 ,q4 ,d+ says 9 8 di>y "u ! #bj? ( ,febru>y #aidb3 8,case hi/ories & curves on ! prelim9>y exp]im5ts 7 s5t to ,b]l940 ,did y receive ?is report8 ,a4 ,no4 ,nor d ,i believe ,d+ s5t x to me1 because he 0 n subord9ate to me 9 ^! exp]im5ts & x seems1 !re=e1 m probable to me t he s5t !m to ,grawitz4 ,i1 at any rate1 did n see !m4 ,q4 ,h[ c ?is be reconcil$ ) y\r lett] ( #e ,may #aidb to ,conti & o!rs :i* ,i put into evid5ce ?is morn+ z ,mrug[sky #aj1 ,mrug[sky ,exhibit #bj8 ,a4 ,?is lett] corroborates :at ,i h j te/ifi$ to1 because ! report on ?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 s5t to ,grawitz1 & ,i receiv$ ,d+'s report to ,grawitz f ,grawitz himself ) ! ord] to rewrite x 9 a suitable =m1 s9ce ,grawitz did n wi% outside p]sons to be able to see1 )\t any fur!r tr\ble to !mselves1 t ^! 7 really exp]im5ts on human be+s ) artificial infection4 ,he knew t1 to "s ext5t1 ,i c\ld ma/] ! /yle :i* he us$ 9 8 (ficial communications1 :]eas he did n "k :e!r ,d+ c\ld or n4 ,consequ5tly1 he commission$ me to take ,d+'s orig9al report & to ca/ x 9 a suitable =m = ! purpose ( mak+ communications to ! manufactur+ firm4 ,?is ,i did1 & ! result is ?is docum5t dat$ #e ,may #aidb4 ,q4 ,y\r lett]head "h is 8,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police1 ,*ief ,hygi5i/04 ,9 o!r words1 ?is is "o ( ! cases 9 :i* ,grawitz made use ( y :5 y /ill belong$ to ! m$ical /aff ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:y didn't ,grawitz rephrase ! lett] himself8 ,a4 ,!re may h be5 two reasons = t4 ,fir/ly1 ,grawitz 0 n a hygi5i/ b an int]ni/ & s9ce ! lett] 0 be+ s5t to speciali/s1 namely1 to ^? p :o manufactur$ ! vacc9es1 he want$ to be sure t ! lett] conta9$ ev]y?+ !y ne$$ to "k &1 on ! o!r h&1 no m ?an !y ne$$ to "k2 secondly1 ?is is q 9 l9e ) 8 cu/om>y mann] ( work+1 namely1 to let 8 collaborators write lett]s :i* dealt ) _! p>ticul> sph]e ( "w1 & = ?is reason1 he commission$ me to indite ?is lett]4 ,q4 ,on ?is occasion did y n once aga9 express objections to ,grawitz reg>d+ exp]im5ts on human be+s8 ,a4 ,t ,i did n d because ?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts _h be5 conclud$ & because ,i knew t !y _h be5 c>ri$ out on ,himml]'s specific ord]s4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ s]ies ( exp]im5ts :i* _h ev] be5 c>ri$ out & x 0 ! reason = my v viol5t %[-d[n ) ,grawitz at t "t4 ,i assum$ t ?is job 0 n[ complet$ & ,i _h no reason to raise fur!r objections4 ,q4 ,7 ! vacc9es ( ! ,behr+ ,works 9 an exp]im5tal /age :5 ,dr4 ,d+ us$ !m 9 8 exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no2 ^! vacc9es _h already be5 te/$ 9 ! plant z to a p]son's tol]ance = !m4 ,all su* prep>ations ( ! ,behr+ ,works 7 work$ on 9 _! own laboratories be=e !y 7 s5t out into ! _w4 ,q4 ,i submit to ! ,tribunal ,mrug[sky #dd1 & ,i put x 9 z ,mrug[sky ,exhibit #bd4 ,?is is an affidavit by ,dr4 ,demnitz1 ! manag] ( ! ,behr+ ,works1 reg>d+ ! way 9 :i* ! vacc9es ( ! ,behr+ ,works 7 develop$ & h[ !y 7 te/$ 9 ! in/itute itself4 ,on ! f\r? page1 x reads3 8,naturally1 ! ,behr+ ,works also c>ri$ out te/s to e/abli% :e!r ! vacc9es agre$ ) human be+s = 7a7 x 0 necess>y to vacc9ate ^? p work+ 9 ! typhus laboratories 9 ord] to protect !m aga9/ typhus2 7b7 x 0 necess>y to protect ^? p :o att5d$ ! exp]im5tal animals2 & 7c7 ! und]sign$ himself 0 vacc9at$ aga9/ typhus on sev]al occasions ) vacc9es ( ! ,behr+ ,works4 ,^! vacc9ations _h to be repeat$ f "t to "t4 ,?is conc]n$ bo? ,g]man & ,russian assi/ants4 ,ab\t #bj to #be p]sons 7 employ$ 9 our typhus dep>tm5t40 ,& ,numb] #f3 8,! animal exp]im5ts accord+ to ,otto prov$3 7a7 ! h>mlessness & 7b7 ! effectiv5ess or insuffici5t effectiv5ess40 ,x /at$ previ\sly1 8! "q ( :e!r ! animals %[$ a positive reaction is incompreh5sible40 ,x /at$ also t animal exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! ,behr+ ,works4 ,i submit ?is docum5t to prove ^! 7 n vacc9es :i* _h n be5 previ\sly te/$1 b 7 vacc9es :i* _h gone ?r\gh ! necess>y prelim9>y & effective te/+4 ,d y rememb] ,kogon's te/imony t volunte]s 7 us$ 9 ! fir/ two s]ies ( exp]im5ts8 ,?is te/imony is on page #a1afb ( ! ,engli% transcript & on page #a1aig ( ! ,g]man transcript4 ,if we base our assumptions on ,d+'s di>y1 :at two s]ies ( exp]im5ts mu/ ^! h be5 = :i* volunte]s 7 us$8 ,a4 ,if we base our /atem5ts on ,d+'s di>y we c only consid] t ^! two s]ies 71 fir/ ( all1 ! prelim9>y s]ies ,a :i* began on #e ,janu>y1 & ! fir/ s]ies ( vacc9e exp]im5ts ) #ade p]sons reg>d+ :i* ! lett] ( #e ,may #aidb t 0 previ\sly read conc]ns itself4 7,mrug[sky #aj1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #bj47 ,?is s]ies began on ! next day1 namely1 on #f ,janu>y #aidb4 ,any o!r exp]im5ts took place at a lat] date4 ,?us1 :5 ,kogon says t two s]ies ( exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out ) volunte]s1 x c only be ^! two s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,! exp]im5ts ) :i* ! lett] ( #e ,may conc]n$ itself 7 c>ri$ out on volunte]s8 ,a4 ,app>5tly !y 74 ,q4 ,c y rememb] ! communication ( #aa ,april #aidc to ! effect t ! ,mateska s]um c\ld no long] be us$ = exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i don't rememb] t & ,i consid] x out ( ! "q t ,i ev] receiv$ any su* communication4 ,9 all bact]iology1 p>ticul>ly 9 virology1 !re h be5 ef=ts = c5turies to bre$ live g]ms :i* are no long] pa?og5ic 7:i* d n infect human be+s71 9 ord] to use ^! live g]ms = ! manufacture ( vacc9e1 namely vacc9es ) live att5uat$ /ra9s1 because ^! are a complete protection aga9/ ! disease4 ,q4 ,9 o!r words1 y want to say t if y _h receiv$ ?is communication1 y w\ld h se5 to x t fur!r exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out ) ?is s]um :i* 0 no long] s virul5t8 ,a4 ,i %\ld n l to put x q t way1 b ,i %\ld c]ta9ly h contact$ ! p]son ^: in/itute _h develop$ ?is /ra91 t 0 ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute1 ,pr(essor ,gildemei/]4 ,h[ev]1 ,i nev] spoke to him ab\t ?is matt]1 & ,i %\ld l to believe t he f\nd no?+ out ab\t ?is matt] because ,gildemei/] 0 "o ( our be/ virus rese>*]s & 0 v famili> ) ! value su* a really unique occurr5ce w\ld h _h4 ,q4 ,did y see reports on ! ,c & ,d s]ies ( exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! discov]y ( a safe me?od ( infection1 :i* 7 said to h tak5 place on ! #aa? & #ac? ( ,april8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i only f\nd out ab\t !m "h :ile look+ ?r\gh ?is docum5t & ,i also saw t ,d+ does n ass]t t he s5t a report on ?is to ,b]l94 ,q4 ,on :at fur!r typhus exp]im5t s]ies did y !n see reports8 ,a4 ,9 ! di>y ( ,block #df1 ,docum5t ,,no-#bfe1 ,d+ says t only 9 ! case ( a few exp]im5tal s]ies did he s5d reports to ,b]l91 namely ! new exp]im5tal s]ies1 s]ies ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,vii1 & ,,viii4 ,i saw ! report on s]ies ,i1 hav+ receiv$ x f ,grawitz1 & z ,i said be=e1 ,i rephras$ x 9 ano!r =m1 & x con/itutes ! docum5t "h submitt$4 ,s]ies ,,ii 0 c>ri$ out ) ! vacc9e ( ,dur&-,gir\d ( ! ,p>isian ,in/itute4 ,t 0 ! vacc9e we int5d$ to produce 9 our own in/itute4 ,i really _c recall ev] hav+ se5 ?is report1 b x is possible t ,i 0 in=m$ ( x by ,grawitz1 because ,i rememb] t ,grawitz "o day told me t he 0 conv9c$ ( ! effectiv5ess ( ?is vacc9e & _h no fur!r objection to my sugge/ion t we manufacture ! vacc9e accord+ to t process4 ,! immunization 9 ! c\rse ( ?is s]ies 0 c>ri$ on by ,d+ betwe5 #ai ,augu/ & #d ,septemb] #aidb4 ,f #aj ,septemb] to #i ,octob] he 0 9 ,p>is ) ,pr(essor ,gir\d to le>n 8 me?od1 & :5 he return$1 he infect$ p]sons & s5t ! *>ts to ,b]l9 on #bj ,novemb]4 ,x 0 probably !n1 t[>d ! end ( #aidb1 t ,grawitz spoke to me ab\t ?is matt]4 ,q4 ,d+ 0 ord]$ to report to ,gir\d 9 ,p>is 9 ! autumn ( #aidb1 al?\gh1 z y h /at$1 x 0 already decid$ at ! end ( #aida to manufacture y\r own vacc9es accord+ to ,gir\d's process4 ,n[ h[ d y expla9 ?is delay8 ,a4 ,9 ! infections c>ri$ out 9 s]ies ,i on #c ,m>* #aidb1 ,d+ infect$ himself & fell s]i\sly ill ( typhus1 despite 8 protective vacc9ation4 ,subsequ5tly1 he w5t on leave to recov]1 & :5 8 heal? 0 some:at re/or$1 ! bus9ess ( go+ to ,p>is 0 discuss$1 :i* 0 only possible 9 ! autumn4 ,q4 ,!re 7 #d specific fatalities 9 ! control cases4 ,n[ y say t ,grawitz probably discuss$ ?is matt] ) y4 ,did y d no?+ ab\t ! fact t !re _h be5 fatalities8 ,a4 ,:5 ,grawitz spoke to me ab\t ?is matt]1 ,i c\ld d no?+ because ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts _h already be5 conclud$4 ,b ,i d rememb] pretty cle>ly ! situation 9 8 (fice !re4 ,i rememb] t ,i br\ght up ! matt] ( ^! #d fatalities & told him t t w\ld probably be ! la/ s]ies t he in/igat$4 ,he answ]$ t ,himml] _h ord]$ ^! exp]im5ts & t ,i _h specifically object$ to be+ includ$ 9 ! matt]1 & consequ5tly no long] _h any "r to int]f]e 9 8 bus9ess4 ,q4 ,! report on ! typhus exp]im5tal s]ies ,,vii 0 conclud$ on #g ,septemb] #aidc1 & :5 f9i%$ a report 0 s5t to ,b]l9 on #i ,septemb]1 accord+ to ,d+'s di>y4 ,did y see ?is report8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,b accord+ to ,d+'s "w report1 on ! ?ird ( ,septemb]1 at a "t :5 ?is s]ies 0 complet$ b ! report n yet writt51 y 7 9 ,bu*5wald1 accord+ to ?is di>y1 visit+ ,d+4 ,did y talk ab\t ?is matt] !n8 ,a4 ,?is entry is app>5tly correct4 ,?is 0 ! p]iod 9 :i* ,block #ej 0 be+ prep>$ = ! production ( ! vacc9es4 ,d+ writes 9 "o ( 8 docum5ts t on ! #aj? ( ,augu/ ?is block 0 occupi$ & t "w 9 produc+ ! vacc9e 0 begun4 ,kogon corroborat$ t 9 8 te/imony4 ,!n #c weeks aft] ! beg9n+ ( ?is "w1 ,i w5t to ,bu*5wald to look ov] ! laboratory & to see h[ 8 "w 0 gett+ along4 ,kogon also describ$ at "s l5g? h[ ,i inspect$ ! in/itute1 h[ ,i w5t into e room4 ,x 0 a r ext5sive inspection4 ,i ask$ _m que/ions1 _h _m conv]sations ) ! inmates !re2 he fur!r te/ifi$ t ,i 0 ) ,d+ 9 8 room = only a v brief p]iod ( "t1 & t is also correct4 ,9 o!r words1 at t "t he did n submit any mat]ial to me4 ,q4 ,did y "k any?+ else ab\t ?is exp]im5tal s]ies ,,vii8 ,a4 ,?is s]ies 0 c>ri$ out ) a vacc9e simil> to ! ,behr+ vacc9e1 manufactur$ by a diff]5t firm4 ,i knew no?+ ( ?is exp]im5tal s]ies4 ,q4 ,i submit to ! ,tribunal z ! next docum5t1 ,mrug[sky #ab1 & ,i put x 9 evid5ce z ,mrug[sky ,exhibit #be4 ,?is is an affidavit by ,dr4 ,k>l ,ludwig ,wolt]s ( ,hamburg1 f ! ,asid ,works4 ,aft] ! cu/om>y introduction ! /atem5t reads3 8,! above p]son reque/$ ! not>y to draw up an affidavit & decl>$ & depos$ ! foll[+ "u oa? & aft] hav+ be5 duly in=m$ ( ! mean+ ( an affidavit3 8#a4 ,! production ( typhus vacc9es bas$ on ! egg culture process began z e>ly z #aida4 ,lat] on1 ! prescrib$ process accord+ to ,gildemei/] & ,haag5 0 introduc$4 8#b4 ,exp]im5ts on animals = ! purpose ( te/+ ! manufactur$ vacc9es 7 tak5 up simultane\sly ) ! beg9n+ ( ! production & 7 c>ri$ out cont9u\sly4 ,! results ( ! animal exp]im5ts 7 n always cle>4 ,! vacc9e tol]ance 0 te/$ by protective vacc9ations ( employees2 all employees connect$ ) ! typhus dep>tm5t or :o came 9 contact ) employees work+ !re91 7 vacc9at$4 ,9 addition1 all o!r employees _h ! privilege ( receiv+ protective vacc9ation aga9/ typhus on dem& & )\t *>ge4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ab\t "o ?\s& employees 7 vacc9at$ aga9/ typhus40 ,to figures #c & #d ,i simply draw ! att5tion ( ! ,tribunal4 ,figure #e reads3 8#e4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 !re 0 no correspond5ce betwe5 ! firm ( ,asid1 ,s]um ,in/itute ,g4m4b4,h41 ,dessau1 on ! "o h&1 & ! =m] ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 or ! ,in/itute = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* at ,bu*5wald1 or its *ief1 ,dr4 ,d+1 or ! ,grawitz ,ag5cy1 on ! o!r h&4 8#f4 ,i made ! acqua9tance ( ,dr4 ,d+ dur+ a trip f ,b]l9 to ,krak[4 8#g4 ,i c\ld n say h[ ! te/ ( ! typhus vacc9es 9 "q mat]ializ$4 ,9 any case1 z f> z ,i "k1 ,i nev] discuss$ t "q ) ,pr(essor ,mrug[sky1 nor did ,i =w>d ! vacc9es to him = te/+4 ,x is q possible t ! vacc9es rea*$ ,dr4 ,d+ ?r\gh ,pr(essor ,gildemei/] ( ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 9 ,b]l91 :o receiv$ !m 9 8 capacity z exp]t consultant ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior = ! fight aga9/ epidemics4 8#h4 ,dur+ a discussion ) ,pr(essor ,mrug[sky 9 ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 9 ,b]l91 ,i only talk$ ab\t g5]al que/ions ( hygi5e conc]n+ ! occupi$ ea/]n t]ritories1 & ,i ask$ = assi/ance 9 ! "w ( develop+ ! s]um in/itute at ,kiev4 ,at ! same "t1 ! organization ( del\s+ by ! ,asid ,s]um ,in/itute ,ko5igsb]g 0 discuss$4 ,!re also may h be5 discussion ( g5]al que/ions 9 connection ) active immunization1 especially aga9/ sc>let fev]1 diph!ria1 & tetanus40 ,!n !re is ! usual conclusion & signature4 ,x c be se5 f ?is t ! vacc9es = ?is s]ies did n g via y f ,d+2 is t true8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,d+'s "w report1 :i* is ,docum5t ,,no-#ega1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bhe1 y 7 pres5t ) him on ! #c;d ( ,septemb] 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,did y visit ,block #df8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,d+ invit$ me to take a look at ,block #df4 ,i w5t ov] !re ) him2 & ,i rememb] q well t ,i 0 l$ to ! l[] floor ( a /one build+1 :]e !re 7 a numb] ( room-l p>titions4 ,9 ! fir/ room !re 7 a few m5 play+ c>ds2 ,d+ told me t ^! 7 typhus convalesc5ts :o _h surviv$ typhus & :o 7 to be releas$4 ,i talk$ to !m & f\nd t _! /ate ( heal? 0 good & t ! usual aft]-effects ( typhus 7 no long] 9 exi/5ce4 ,!re 7 ab\t five or six p]sons4 ,9 ! second room ,i saw ab\t ?ree pati5ts ly+ 9 b$4 ,i exam9$ !m & spoke to !m4 ,!y _h be5 transf]r$ to ,bu*5wald a %ort "t be=e f o!r camps4 ,i ?9k "o ( !m 0 ill ev5 :5 he arriv$ & ! o!rs _h fall5 ill %ortly aft] _! arrival 9 ,bu*5wald1 & !n 7 transf]r$ to ! typhus /ation4 ,we are "h conc]n$ ) p :o fell ill spontane\sly4 ,accord+ to ,d+'s entry1 !re 0 no s]ies ( exp]im5ts c>ri$ on at t "t4 ,q4 ,:5 visit+ ,bu*5wald1 didn't y talk to ,dr4 ,d+ ab\t 8 v>i\s s]ies ( typhus exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,at t "t he _h conclud$ ! exp]im5tal s]ies numb] ,,vii ) ,asid vacc9es z ,i c see f ?is docum5t4 ,?is 0 a s]ies :i* _h a numb] ( fatalities z its result4 ,x is 9 l9e ) ,d+'s "* t he did n speak to me ab\t su* a s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 s9ce he knew :at my basic attitude t[>ds ?is "q 04 ,q4 ,didn't y discuss ! typhus exp]im5ts ) ,d+ on ! occasion ( y\r visit8 ,a4 ,no4 ,we didn't discuss t matt]4 ,our conv]sation m]ely dealt ) ! "w c>ri$ on 9 ,block #ej = ! production ( vacc9e1 :i* 0 really ! purpose ( my visit4 ,i ?9k we discuss$ a numb] ( o!r hygi5ic que/ions conc]n+ ! vic9ity ( ,bu*5wald4 ,i knew t !re 0 a lack ( wat] !re f my previ\s activity2 & ,i am sure t ?is 0 a subject :i* 0 discuss$4 ,i sp5t ! ev5+ ) ,d+ 9 8 flat :]e ,i met ,dr4 ,hov51 ! camp physician ( ,bu*5wald1 & 8 wife4 ,mrs4 ,d+ 0 !re1 too4 ,x is a matt] ( c\rse t we didn't discuss any te*nical que/ions 9 t circle4 ,we c]ta9ly did n speak ab\t any exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,9 ?is connection ,i may p]haps say t ?is 0 ! only "t t ,i saw ,hov51 :o 0 alleg$ly ,d+'s repres5tative4 ,?is 0 t5 days be=e ,hov5 _h to end 8 activity z a camp physician 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,q4 ,7 y ( ! op9ion t ! typhus exp]im5tal s]ies _h be5 conclud$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i held t op9ion1 s9ce x becomes evid5t f ! docum5ts "h t ! exp]im5tal s]ies ( t "t _h n l$ to any disease4 ,! reason 0 t ! /ra9 com+ f ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute 0 n pa?og5ic4 ,d+ did n say t he s5t any reports to ,b]l9 ab\t x2 & ,i1 !re=e1 did n "k any?+ ab\t ! way he work$ 9 ,bu*5wald z f> z x did n conc]n ,block #ej4 ,i 0 ( ! op9ion t aft] ! second s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 :i* 0 conclud$ at ! end ( #aidb1 no fur!r exp]im5ts 7 plann$4 ,q4 ,well1 if y believ$ t ! typhus exp]im5ts _h be5 conclud$1 ! ma9 activity ( ,dr4 ,d+ w\ld also h _h to come to a conclusion8 ,a4 ,no4 ,t is n ! case4 ,se5 f my po9t ( view1 he 0 a bact]iologi/2 & ,i 0 anxi\sly await+ ! end ( ?is special mission by ,grawitz :5 ,d+ w\ld aga9 be fully at my disposal4 ,at t "t1 9 #aidc1 he _h to c>ry out ! prep>ations = vacc9e production at ,bu*5wald4 ,!re=e1 ! build+ "w _h to be sup]vis$4 ,block #ej 0 a bact]iological in/itute furni%$ 9 a v mod]n /yle ) a numb] ( special pieces ( equipm5t4 ,animals _h to be obta9$ & accommodation made ready = !m4 ,!re 0 n only "o k9d ( animal b f\r diff]5t k9ds4 ,x 0 necess>y to obta9 fodd] = !m4 ,!n a numb] ( o!r organizational activities 7 necess>y1 :i* made ,d+'s /ay 9 ,bu*5wald absolutely necess>y4 ,q4 ,d+ ma9ta9s t he s5t a report ab\t ! s]ies numb] ,,viii ( ! typhus exp]im5ts4 ,did y see t 9 ,b]l98 ,x 0 to h be5 s5t on ! #ac? ( ,june #aidd4 ,a4 ,well1 ,i he>d ab\t ?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts only by look+ at ! docum5t "h4 ,i hadn't se5 or he>d ( x be=e4 ,q4 ,9 ! la/ entry ( 8 di>y1 ,d+ says3 8,by ord] ( ! ,*ief ,hygi5i/ ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 dat$ ! #ab? ( ,augu/ #aidd1 x 0 to be e/abli%$ :e!r ! c\rse ( a typhus illness c be mitigat$ by a typhus vacc9e ?r\gh intrav5\s or intramuscul> injections40 ,did y ev] issue su* an ord]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i repeat$ly po9t$ out t on ! basis ( ! entire organizational set-up ( ! ,m$ical ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 nei!r z ! ,*ief ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 nor z ! consult+ hygi5i/ ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police1 c\ld ,i ord] any exp]im5ts to be c>ri$ out on inmates because ,i _h j z little influ5ce on ! m$ical s]vice ( ! conc5tration camp z any o!r memb] ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,! matt] ) :i* we dealt 0 completely diff]5t4 ,9 ! ,crimea1 9 "o ( ! hospitals 9 ! ,ea/1 ,i saw t ! int]ni/ !re 0 treat+ typhoid illnesses ) injections ( dead typhoid vacc9es2 & ?is proc$ure result$ 9 fev] 9 _m ( ! cases4 ,at t "t ,i rememb]$ t lit]ature dat+ back to ! la/ ,_w ,w>1 :5 a numb] ( pap]s 7 writt5 on ! v same subject1 %[$ t !re 7 simil> me?ods 9 ! treatm5t ( typhus & typhoid entail+ ! injection ( vacc9es4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ^! ye>s :5 ,i _h to deal closely )1 typhus1 ,i _h develop$ a v def9ite op9ion ab\t ! orig9 & developm5t ( typhus4 ,i 01 !re=e1 ( ! op9ion t 9 ! case ( ?is illness1 :i* cl9ically is v close to p>a-typhus1 x w\ld be q feasible to make an exp]im5t ) t k9d ( treatm5t4 ,! cl9ical symptoms ( typhus & typhoid & /oma* typhus are v simil>4 ,if a cure c be a*iev$ ) "o me?od1 x is to be assum$ t all o!r types ( illnesses ( t nature c\ld also be treat$ ) success us+ t me?od4 ,aft] my return1 !re=e1 ,i e/abli%$ contact ) a numb] ( int]nes belong+ to ! hospitals :i* ,i knew1 & wrote !m t ,i _h ga!r$1 l exp]i5ces4 ,i quot$ passages f lit]ature on t subject1 & ,i said t our new exp]i5ces 7 ! same z our old4 ,i made ! sugge/ion t ! same me?od be us$ 9 ! case ( typhus by inject+ ) a protective typhus vacc9e4 ,"o might consid] t at t "t we _h j z little means ( combat+ ! sev]e disease z we h today4 ,we1 !re=e1 7 m$ically ju/ifi$ 9 se>*+ = new me?ods ( treatm5t4 ,q4 ,7 ^! to be a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,d+ c>ri$ !m out8 ,a4 ,t is completely out ( ! "q4 ,!re 0 no reason to d t at all4 ,9 ord] to p]=m su* an exp]im5t1 "o c\ld make te/s on a typhus inflict$ p]son us+ ?is me?od1 & ! wor/ t c\ld happ5 w\ld be t x w\ld n help2 b x c]ta9ly w\ld n be necess>y to make a c]ta9 s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 & ,i c]ta9ly nev] gave any su* ord]4 ,q4 ,did y write to ,d+ 9 t s5se8 ,a4 ,at t "t ,i in=m$ my assi/ants ab\t ?is !rapy 9 ! case ( contagi\s diseases1 & ,i am sure t x 0 a matt] ( c\rse t1 z epidemic speciali/s1 we _h to be in=m$ ab\t su* a possibility1 & 9 ?is mann] we also receiv$ k ( x4 ,q4 ,y 7 say+ t !re w\ld n h be5 ju/ification = ! exp]im5tal !ory8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,well1 did y or did y n ord] su* a s]ies ( exp]im5ts f ,dr4 ,d+8 ,a4 ,nev]1 at no "t4 ,q4 ,are y ( ! op9ion t ,d+ />t$ ^! exp]im5ts on 8 own initiative8 ,a4 ,t is possible4 ,at any rate he did n receive ord]s f me1 & ,i don't "k :]e else he c\ld h receiv$ an ord]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5se ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,eug5 ,,haag5#ff ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,tipp3 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 we are com+ to ! la/ & p]haps ! mo/ decisive c\nt ( ! indictm5t--namely1 ! typhus exp]im5ts1 z ! prosecution calls !m4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] & ,pr(essor ,beck]-,freys5g are *>g$ ) responsibility = su* typhus exp]im5ts4 ,!re are two gr\ps ( !m1 accord+ to ! prosecution4 ,on ! "o h&1 ^? p]=m$ 9 ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp by ,dr4 ,d+-,s*ul] & to a less] ext5t by ! def5dant ,dr4 ,hov54 ,! second gr\p is alleg$ typhus exp]im5ts t y c>ri$ out 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,be=e we turn to ! individual exp]im5ts1 ,pr(essor1 please tell ! ,tribunal :at ! haz>ds ( typhus 7 dur+ ! w>1 especially 9 ! ye>s #aidc1 #aidd1 & #aide :5 ?is problem became acute8 ,describe x only to ! ext5t necess>y 9 ord] to make y\r "w und]/&able4 ,,witness ,,haag53 ,i %all try to be brief1 b 9 ord] to und]/& ?is :ole problem1 "o mu/ be giv5 "s g5]al in=mation4 ,typhus is a v s]i\s infecti\s disease :i*1 9 int]national m$ical circles1 is includ$ among ! diseases :i* are ( g5]al dang]1 & x is consequ5tly subject to int]national control4 ,9 cases ( su* haz>d\s & dang]\s diseases1 e /ate felt ! moral obligation to d ev]y?+ to prev5t ! outbreak ( an epidemic because x is v difficult to combat & to elim9ate ! epidemic once x has brok5 out4 ,?is po9t ( view 0 embrac$1 ( c\rse1 n only by ! gov]nm5t (ficials1 b also by ! responsible & int]e/$ sci5ti/s & physicians2 because we all1 ( c\rse1 knew h[ prodigi\s ! dang] ( typhus is1 n only = ! wag+ ( ! w> b also = ! civilian population ( ! entire _w4 ,typhus is n only a w> epidemic1 b x has tak5 root 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x is also a peacetime epidemic :i* is enorm\sly difficult to combat4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,c\nsel1 ! ,tribunal is q aw>e t typhus is a v dang]\s disease1 t x is a great m5ace to humans1 & t x 0 a m5ace to ,g]many dur+ ! la/ w>1 a great dang]4 ,i don't ?9k x is necess>y to elaborate t aga94 ,we h he>d x f sev]al witnesses4 ,x's n d5i$4 ,,dr4 ,,tipp3 ,witness1 y he>d ! ,tribunal's wi%4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! ,tribunal1 ! typhus dang] = ,g]many has already be5 suffici5tly prov$4 ,please g on to ! subject itself n[4 ,p]haps y c\ld speak ( ! usual prev5tive measures :i* are us$ aga9/ typhus1 p>ticul>ly vacc9es4 ,,witness ,,haag53 ,!re are1 9 g5]al1 two proc$ures to prev5t typhus4 ,"o is :at ,i might call ! me*anical proc$ure1 & ! o!r ! biological proc$ure4 ,9 ! me*anical proc$ure we are conc]n$ ) combat+ ! lice--,i %all n g into t--b 9 ! biological proc$ure we are int]e/$ 9 a protective vacc9e4 ,!re are v>i\s vacc9es available4 ,n[1 to get d[n to ! crux ( ! matt]1 ,i mu/ say t ! typhus vacc9es :i* are made f dead typhus virus d n provide absolute protection aga9/ ! disease4 ,!y may lead to a mild] =m ( ! disease1 b ! infection itself is n prev5t$4 ,dead typhus vacc9e1 9 o!r words1 has no absolute anti-infecti\s effect1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is ! ma9 po9t ( any vacc9e4 ,we develop$ a live vacc9e1 n on ! basis ( our own exp]i5ces & rese>*1 b we made use ( ! exp]i5ces ( o!rs4 ,i %\ld l to m5tion prim>ily ! "w ( ! ,fr5* typhus rese>* sci5ti/s1 ,blanc1 ,baltas>1 & assi/ants ,legr] & ,lecolle4 ,:5 vacc9at+1 a vacc9e mu/ be us$ :i* gives anti-infecti\s protection1 & 9 g5]al1 9 ! case ( virus diseases1 successful vacc9ation is also a*iev$ only ) live virus4 ,let me m5tion ! examples ( smallpox1 influ5za1 & yell[ fev]4 ,9 all ^! cases ! vacc9es are made f a live virus1 b x is true t ?is virus is mutat$1 t is1 x is no long] pa?og5ic to human be+s4 ,its pa?og5ic *>act]i/ics h be5 suppress$ & h disappe>$1 b ! virus reta9s its anti-infecti\s efficacy4 ,?is *ange is accompli%$ 9 two ways1 ei!r by pass+ ! virus ?r\gh an animal--?is is frequ5tly done--& sometimes effects mutation 9 ! virus & sometimes weak5s ! virus4 ,i ne$ n g into t2 x w\ld take up too mu* "t4 ,q4 ,if ,i und]/& y correctly1 ,witness1 y\r aim z a sci5ti/ 0 to develop a vacc9e f live virus2 9 o!r words f a nonpa?og5ic virus :i* c\ld n cause ! disease1 b :i*1 nev]!less1 _h ! antig5ic effect1 namely ! effect ( protect+ ! vacc9at$ p]son aga9/ contract+ ! disease lat] by infection4 ,is t s8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is correct4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 nobody is reproa*+ y = hav+ produc$ vacc9es1 b x is said t y te/$ ! effectiv5ess ( y\r vacc9es 9 a conc5tration camp4 ,! prosecution call$ ^! virul5t & y say !y 7 nonpa?og5ic4 ,at any rate1 t is ! way ,i und]/ood ! reproa* ( ! prosecution2 b fir/ be=e y g into ?is1 ,witness1 w y please tell ! ,c\rt h[ x happ5$ t y came into contact ) ! conc5tration camp ,natzweil] 9 ?is matt]8 ,a4 ,! developm5t ( typhus ?r\gh\t ! w> 0 su* t typhus no long] became purely a w> epidemic1 b because ( ! _m refugee camps1 ,,pw transports1 & milit>y transports1 typhus 0 br\ght into ,g]many itself4 ,9 ! ov]cr[d$ camps1 especially ) lack ( sanit>y in/allations1 !re 0 consid]able dang] f typhus1 p>ticul>ly :]e p assembl$ :o came f ! ,ea/4 ,i h only to say t 9 ! ,aus*witz camp1 = example 7b also 9 _m o!r prison] camps 9 ! ea/71 !re _h already be5 ext5sive epidemics4 ,typhus press$ fur!r & fur!r into ,g]many4 ,e clos$ community su* z a camp is1 9 itself1 a great s\rce ( dang] ( typhus1 n only ! dang] ( an epidemic )9 ! camp1 b also an epidemic t spreads to ! surr\nd+ civilian population4 ,mo/ ( ! conc5tration camp inmates work$ outside ! camp 9 factories & !y came into contact ) ! civilian population1 s y c easily see ! dang] ( contagion4 ,n[1 9 brief1 ! camp comm&ant & ! camp doctor 9 ! c\rse ( ! spr+ ( #aidc ask$ me :e!r !y c\ld h my assi/ance 9 combat+ ?is dang]4 ,q4 ,witness1 a prep>atory "q fir/4 ,did y h any connection ) ! ,,ss1 ) ! conc5tration camp1 z su*8 ,a4 ,i _h no connection ) ! ,,ss or ) ! conc5tration camps1 or ) any (fice 9 *>ge ( !m4 ,q4 ,:y did ! camp comm&ant & ! camp physician ( ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp turn specifically to y8 ,a4 ,z director ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ,i _h a r l>ge sph]e ( activity 9 ,alsace1 &1 ( c\rse1 x 0 kn[n 9 ! conc5tration camps1 too1 t my (fices 7 9 ,/rasb\rg4 ,= ?is reason ! camp turn$ to me = help 9 _m matt]s1 includ+ ! obta9+ ( vacc9es & help 9 ! dis9fection ( ! camp1 & s =?1 matt]s :i* p]haps we %all deal ) lat]4 ,q4 ,y say !n t ! camp turn$ to y because y 7 ! hygi5i/ 9 ! ,alsatian di/rict ar\nd ,/rasb\rg8 ,a4 ,t is correct4 ,q4 ,y said also t ! camp comm&ant or doctor ask$ = y\r assi/ance8 ,a4 ,yes1 t 0 an obvi\s ?+ = him to d1 because ,i 0 "r !re 9 ,/rasb\rg4 ,q4 ,y said fur!r t x 0 r\ghly 9 ! spr+ ( #aidc t ^! reque/s = assi/ance 7 made to y2 0 !re an epidemic 9 ! camp already at t "t1 or :y did !y ?9k !y ne$$ y\r help8 ,a4 ,at t "t !re 0 no epidemic 9 ! camp1 b ! g5]al epidemiological situation 0 su* t an outbreak ( typhus 0 expect$ at any mom5t1 especially s9ce transports 7 cont9ually com+ f ! ,ea/4 ,^! transports 7 infect$ ) lice & conta9$ p :o 7 already infect$ ) typhus1 & o!r camps 9 ! neighborhood _h already _h _! fir/ cases ( typhus4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 :at means did y h available to help ^! camp physicians8 ,please limit y\rself1 fir/ ( all y\r vacc9es8 ,a4 ,i h already said t !re are v>i\s vacc9es available made f dead virus1 & also ^? made f live & att5uat$ virus4 ,x 0 v difficult to procure virus at t "t4 ,! sup]ior (fic]s simply c\ld n make ! effective vacc9es available1 & 9 ord] to c>ry out any plans1 all sorts ( decrees & ord]s exi/$ 9 ,g]many = ! plann+ ( sy/ematic vacc9ation %\ld ! dang] ( typhus arise4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 y h describ$ y\r "w 9 ! field ( vacc9e production1 namely1 t ( produc+ a live pa?og5ic virus2 did y beg9 ?is develop+ & work+ on y\r own initiative1 or did "s o!r ag5cy ref] ! problem to y8 ,a4 ,live typhus virus 0 be+ manufactur$ 9 =eign c\ntries at t "t 9 great quantities1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,france :]e !y _h _h a great deal ( exp]i5ce ) su* live virus4 ,i h already m5tion$ ,blanc1 ,baltas>1 ,lecolle1 & ,legr]4 ,dur+ ! w>1 protective vacc9es 7 also made ) su* live virus 9 ,nor? ,africa4 ,!re _h already be5 millions ( su* vacc9ations &1 ( c\rse1 ?is p]mitt$ exp]i5ce to be ga!r$4 ,! fact is t ! ,fr5*1 :o saw ?is great dang]1 also saw ! necessity ( su* l>ge-scale vacc9es1 & !y _h also _h a few fatalities4 ,z ,i said1 we _h to use a virus /ra9 = ^! vacc9ations :i*1 x is true1 0 alive & /ill pa?og5ic to animals4 ,9 o!r words1 a virul5t virus1 ! pa?og5ic effect ( :i* on human be+s 0 suppress$ to a l>ge ext5t2 & t is ! ess5ce ( all live vacc9e manufacture1 & x mu/ occupy ! c5tral position 9 our consid]ations "h4 ,y br+ ab\t su* mutation only by pass+ ! virus ?r\gh animals4 ,e speciali/ kn[s t :5 ! virus is pass$ ?r\gh animals x is att5uat$ !re m ?an by be+ cultur$ or br$1 = in/ance1 9 *ick5 yolks or by be+ pres]v$ 9 a vacuum1 or at v l[ temp]atures & only some:at att5uat$ 9 /ra94 ,q4 ,witness1 y /ill hav5't answ]$ my "q fully1 t is1 :e!r y c>ri$ out ?is "w on y\r own initiative or on ! basis ( an ord]1 directive1 or assignm5t :i* came to y f else:]e8 ,a4 ,9 develop+ ?is live typhus vacc9e-- ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,witness1 y c answ] t "q 9 a v few words4 ,j answ] ! "q prop\nd$ to y by y\r c\nsel4 ,a4 ,?is 0 a rese>* assignm5t1 z ,i j said1 !re 0 no milit>y or o!r directive4 ,,dr4 ,,tipp3 ,witness1 y h already describ$ ?is morn+ h[ rese>* assignm5ts 7 di/ribut$1 & y told u t1 9 g5]al1 ! assignm5t 0 made on ! application ( a sci5ti/ = su* an assignm5t2 n[ :at 0 ! case "h1 did y "w on ?is problem fir/ & !n receive an assignm5t or 0 !re already an assignm5t 9 exi/5ce & did y !n beg9 to "w8 ,a4 ,all ?is "w 0 done entirely on my own initiative4 ,i also saw to x t ,i got ! necess>y rese>* assignm5t s t ,i c\ld h ! necess>y funds = ! "w f ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 & !n f ! ,m$ical ,*ief ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,t is :]e ,i obta9$ my assignm5t4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,y\r ,honor1 be=e we adj\rn may ,i inquire f c\nsel h[ long ! exam9ation w cont9ue1 & h[ long o!r def5se c\nsels w take 9 _! exam9ation ( ! witness ,haag58 ,,dr4 ,,tipp3 ,i h already said ,i w ne$ r\ghly a day & a half4 ,we h already elim9at$ "s ( ! que/ions2 ,i don't "k if ,i c f9i% ?is aft]noon1 b ,i %all n ne$ s mu* "t tomorr[ morn+4 ,i _c tell y h[ mu* "t my o!r colleagues w ne$4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,d ,i und]/& ,dr4 ,tipp is go+ to take ! re/ ( ! day1 9 spite ( ! fact t we sit until #e o'clock8 ,,dr4 ,,tipp3 ,i %all use all ( today4 ,yes4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,does any o!r def5se c\nsel desire to exam9e ?is witness :ile he is on ! /&8 ,,dr4 ,,tipp3 ,dr4 ,nelte j tells me t he w ne$ a qu>t] ( an h\r1 & my colleague ,krauss = ,ro/ock1 fifte5 m9utes4 ,,dr4 ,,fritz3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i _c say def9itely n[ h[ long ,i %all ne$ because ,i d n "k h[ _m ( ! que/ions ,i int5d to put to ! witness w be made unnecess>y by ,dr4 ,tipp's exam9ation4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,! ,tribunal is only ask+ = an e/imate4 ,,dr4 ,,fritz3 ,"o h\r4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,c\nsel1 dur+ ! noon recess w y in/ruct y\r witness to answ] y\r que/ions directly & simply )\t expo/ulat+ on matt]s ab\t :i*1 :ile sci5tific & important1 ! ,tribunal has already be5 advis$4 ,k9dly in/ruct him & expla9 to him h[ to answ] ^! que/ions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,tipp3 ,pr(essor1 be=e ! recess y said t y began y\r "w 9 ! field ( typhus on y\r own initiative1 & t 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w y obta9$ rese>* assignm5ts f ! ,m$ical ,inspector ( ! ,luftwaffe z well z ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\nsel2 n[ ,i ask y1 9 y\r applications made be=e ! v>i\s assignm5ts 7 issu$1 7 any details giv5 ab\t ! "w :i* y plann$ to c>ry out or ! "w :i* y _h already c>ri$ out8 ,,witness ,,haag53 ,no details 7 giv51 ( c\rse1 m]ely ! problem z su* 0 dealt )4 ,q4 ,y h already describ$ to ! ,tribunal y\r "w on ?is problem2 x 0 to f9d a vacc9e produc$ f live virus1 a virus no long] pa?og5ic to human be+s :i*1 h[ev]1 conta9$ ! qualities ( ! virus4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is true4 ,our "w 0 limit$ to ! developm5t ( a live vacc9e1 & ?is "w 0 bas$ on ! great exp]i5ces ( =eign sci5ti/s1 especially ! ,fr5* sci5ti/ ,blanc2 ! te*nical side 0 always c>ri$ out 9 animal exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 did y succe$ 9 f9d+ a vacc9e ( ! type describ$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,we did succe$ 9 develop+ su* a vacc9e f a s-call$ mur9e typhus virus /ra91 t is1 f rat typhus4 ,! weak5+ 0 br\ght ab\t ?r\gh animal exp]im5ts1 ?r\gh cultivation 9 *ick5 eggs1 & ?irdly ?r\gh a cons]vation process4 ,q4 ,0 ?is vacc9e !n te/$ = its effectiv5ess & if s1 h[8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! vacc9e 0 te/$ = its effectiv5ess4 ,fir/1 ( c\rse1 by animal exp]im5ts = its immuniz+ qualities4 ,aft] ?is quality _h be5 prov$1 ! fir/ vacc9ations 7 und]tak5 9 ord] to te/ ! effectiv5ess & ! tol]ance on human be+s4 ,?is 0 done on volunte]s4 ,q4 ,:]e did y get ^! volunte]s1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,fir/ ( all ,i s]v$ myself1 !n ! memb]s ( my in/itute & a numb] ( /ud5ts f ! univ]sity4 ,q4 ,n[1 w y please tell u ! purpose ( ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,:5 "o has produc$ a new vacc9e "o mu/ te/ n only its effectiv5ess1 b also its tol]ability4 ,?is c only be done on human be+s2 animal exp]im5ts are n suffici5t4 ,at a c]ta9 /age x always becomes necess>y to te/ x on human be+s4 ,q4 ,9 ^! vacc9ations on memb]s ( ! in/itute & /ud5ts1 y te/$ ! tol]ability ( ! vacc9e2 ! immuniz+ effect ( ! vacc9e1 if ,i und]/ood y correctly1 c\ld n be prov$ by ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! immuniz+ effect c also be det]m9$4 ,"o m]ely ne$s to make ! ,weil-,felix reaction1 :i* has be5 m5tion$ 9 ?is trial4 ,t is1 to asc]ta9 :e!r ! blood s]um already conta9s protective bodies aga9/ ! typhus g]m4 ,?is te/ 7,i m5tion ?is because mi/akes h be5 made "h7 is us$ n only to diagnose ! disease1 b also1 s9ce x is a def9ite immunity reaction1 to f9d ! protective bodies aft] vacc9ation4 ,q4 ,we w come back to t lat]1 ,witness4 ,n[ :5 did y a*ieve y\r aim1 :5 did y h a vacc9e ( ! type describ$1 & :5 did y develop x f> en\gh to be us$8 ,a4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aidc4 ,q4 ,& :5 0 ?is vacc9e fir/ actually us$ on a l>ge scale1 or :5 0 x fir/ us$ at all8 ,a4 ,! fir/ vacc9ations 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,may #aidc 9 ! ,s*irmeck int]nm5t camp1 :i* belong$ to ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp4 ,! vacc9ations 7 p]=m$ on p]sons 9 special dang]4 ,q4 ,?is morn+1 ,witness1 y m5tion$ ! reque/ ( a camp doctor ( ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp1 & ,s*irmeck 0 no d\bt "u him2 may ,i ask :e!r ^! ,s*irmeck vacc9ations g back to ! reque/ ( ! camp physician8 ,a4 ,i d n q und]/& y\r "q4 ,q4 ,please tell me :e!r ! vacc9ations p]=m$ 9 ,s*irmeck orig9at$ ) ! reque/ ( ! camp physician8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,s*irmeck & ,natzweil] belong toge!r4 ,my vacc9ations !re 7 9 connection ) all ! "w ( ! camp4 ,q4 ,!n y us$ ?is vacc9e = ! fir/ "t 9 ,may #aidc 9 ,s*irmeck4 ,h[ _m p]sons did y vacc9ate8 ,a4 ,tw5ty-eight p]sons 7 vacc9at$ altoge!r4 ,q4 ,did y h any influ5ce on ! selection ( ^! p]sons2 t is1 did y select ^! p]sons1 or :o select$ !m8 ,a4 ,i did n h any direct influ5ce on ! selection ( ^! p]sons1 only to ! ext5t t ,i told ! camp adm9i/rator & ! camp doctor t we c\ld only vacc9ate p :o 7 9 a m or less good /ate ( heal?1 s9ce if ?is 7 n ! case x w\ld n correspond to our ,g]man vacc9ation laws4 ,to t ext5t ,i did h "s influ5ce4 ,! selection 0 made accord+ to ! po9t ( view t p]sons 7 select$ :o 7 9 special dang] ( typhus1 p]sons :o 7 9 ! s-call$ 8ea/ block0 ( ! camp4 ,new transports 7 always com+ f ! ,ea/1 lice infect$1 = ! mo/ "p1 s t "o c\ld c\nt on a consid]able typhus dang]4 ,9 ?is "p ( ! camp ! dang] 0 great] ?an 9 ^? p>ts ( ! camp1 h\s+ ,g]mans & ,alsatians :o did n come f ! ,ea/4 ,q4 ,y said1 ,witness1 ! p]sons 7 select$ f ! gr\p ( prison]s 9 special dang] ( contract+ typhus4 ,y j m5tion$ ! ea/ block4 ,c y tell u :at nationality ^! p]sons 78 ,a4 ,z f> z ,i c rememb] !y 7 ( v>i\s nationalities4 ,!re 7 q a numb] ( !m :o spoke ,g]man & "o c\ld conv]se ) !m easily4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,witness1 ,i %\ld l to ask y to describe h[ ^! vacc9ations 7 c>ri$ out4 ,p]haps a prelim9>y "q fir/4 ,:y did y vacc9ate only #bh p]sons8 ,:y did y n vacc9ate all ! inmates ( ! camp !re8 ,a4 ,at fir/ ,i c\ld only produce ! vacc9e 9 v small quantities4 ,my laboratory facilities 7 v limit$4 ,if ,i _h want$ to vacc9ate a :ole camp ,i w\ld h _h to h a production work%op4 ,t is :y we only vacc9at$ a small numb] ( p4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 please describe h[ ! vacc9ations 7 p]=m$4 ,a4 ,vacc9ations 7 p]=m$ on #bh p]sons altoge!r1 9 sev]al gr\ps4 ,! fir/ vacc9ation 0 ( eight p]sons4 ,!y 7 giv5 "o injection ( #j4e cc4 ( ! vacc9e into ! brea/ muscle 9 ! cu/om>y mann]4 ,! second gr\p consi/$ ( #bj p]sons1 divid$ into two subgr\ps ( t5 ea*4 ,! fir/ gr\p--let's call ?is gr\p ,a--0 also giv5 #j4e cc4 ( ! vacc9e intramuscul>ly4 ,subgr\p ,b1 ! la/ t5 p]sons1 7 fir/ giv5 a vacc9ation ( #j4e cc4 ( a dead typhus vacc9e produc$ 9 ! ,rob]t ,ko* ,in/itute4 ,!n1 eight days lat]1 !re 0 a second vacc9ation ) a live vacc9e1 aga9 #j4e cc4 intramuscul>ly4 ,i %\ld l to say t ! fir/ vacc9ation ) ! dead vacc9e1 :i* ,i h j m5tion$1 0 p]=m$ = two reasons3 ,fir/ ( all1 9 ord] to be able to see :e!r ?is prelim9>y exam9ation produc$ m protective bodies2 &1 9 ! second place1 to see :e!r ?is prelim9>y exam9ation ) dead vacc9e might r$uce ! reactions ( ! liv+ vacc9e4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i c>ri$ out protective vacc9ations on p]sons outside ! camp1 on volunte]s4 ,!y 7 aga9 p]=m$ 9 su* a way t !re 7 ?ree injections ?is "t3 ! fir/1 #j4be cc41 ! second1 #j4be cc41 & ! ?ird injection #j4e cc4 ( ! live vacc9e4 ,q4 ,! ,c\rt w be especially int]e/$1 ,witness1 9 ! reactions ( ! p]sons aft] ?is vacc9ation4 ,c y tell u t8 ,a4 ,9 ! fir/ gr\p ( eight p]sons :o 7 giv5 #j4e cc4 ( ! liv+ vacc9e only once1 ?ree _h a reaction consi/+ ( a %ort fev] ( ov] #ci degrees4 ,! re/ ( ! p]sons1 h[ev]1 _h no reaction4 ,9 ! second gr\p1 among ! t5 p]sons 9 gr\p ,a1 !re 7 no noticeable reactions4 ,9 ! o!r gr\p !re 7 v negligible symptoms1 9 "s cases only a heada*e & depression4 ,typical symptoms ( typhus1 bra9 symptoms or vessel symptoms1 & o!r symptoms1 did n appe> 9 any case4 ,! same 0 true ( ! ?ird gr\p4 ,"h aga9 !re 0 no reaction4 ,i mu/ say 9 ?is connection t ,i us$ a vacc9e produc$ f dead typhus virus4 ,i mu/ po9t t out because lat]1 9 ,natzweil]1 ,i us$ ! classic epidemic or l\se typhus virus vacc9e4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 aft] ! vacc9ation did y wat* ! well-be+ ( ! p]sons vacc9at$8 ,a4 ,yes1 ( c\rse4 ,aft] ! vacc9ation ,i 0 frequ5tly 9 ! camp4 ,i look$ at ! p]sons :o _h be5 vacc9at$ & 0 %[n _! temp]ature *>ts4 ,aft] f\r weeks a f9al blood sample 0 tak5 to p]=m ! ,weil-,felix reaction 9 ord] to see :at degree ( immunity !y _h develop$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 99 99 99 ,7 !re any dea?s 9 ! c\rse ( ^! vacc9ations at ,s*irmeck8 ,a4 ,no4 ,!re 7 no dea?s f ! vacc9ations at ,s*irmeck4 ,q4 ,witness1 y\r te/imony is 9 contradiction to ! te/imony ( a prosecution witness :om we he>d "h4 ,?is 0 ,george ,hirtz1 :o te/ifi$ "h on ! #h? ( ,janu>y4 ,8 te/imony is on page #acaj ( ! ,g]man & page #abic ( ! ,engli% record4 ,hirtz said t at ,s*irmeck y inject$ #bj to #be p]sons & dur+ ! foll[+ days ^! p develop$ a high temp]ature4 ,! temp]ature is said to h />t$ aft] #cf to #dh h\rs1 & two ( ^! p di$4 ,! witness also said y _h vacc9at$ him1 ! head ( ! camp1 & ! ,kapo 9 ! sick bay4 ,w y expla9 ! diff]5ces betwe5 y\r te/imony & ! te/imony ( ,hirtz8 ,a4 ,x is true t ^! ?ree p1 ! camp head1 ! ,kapo inmate tru/y1 & ! nurse1 t 0 ,hirtz1 7 vacc9at$ ) ! cu/om>y vacc9e on ! basis ( an ord] to ! effect t if !re 0 any dang] ( typhus1 ! camp p]sonnel _h to be vacc9at$ regul>ly aga9/ ?is disease4 ,n[1 ! p]sonnel 0 9 mu* less dang] ?an ! inmates !mselves2 s 9 ord] to help ! camp doctor1 ,i suppli$ ! vacc9e & vacc9at$ ^! ?ree p]sons1 b ,i res]v$ ! live vacc9e = ! p]sons :o 7 9 real dang]4 ,^? 7 ! reasons :y ^! seem+ di/9ctions 7 made4 ,q4 ,! witness ,hirtz also te/ifi$ t he did n m$ically exam9e ^! #bj p be=e !y 7 vacc9at$4 ,is t correct8 ,a4 ,:5 ! prison]s came to ! camp !y 7 c>efully exam9$ by ! camp doctor4 ,?is 0 necess>y 9 ! int]e/ ( prev5t+ disease 9 ! camp4 ,!re=e1 "h ,i m]ely _h to obs]ve :e!r !y 7 free f ext]nal symptoms ( disease & to det]m9e h[ /rong !y 74 ,q4 ,!n if ,i und]/& y correctly1 y say t ! m$ical exam9ation 0 p]=m$ by ! camp doctor1 :o made !m available to y = vacc9ation8 ,a4 ,yes1 ! camp doctor & ! head ( ! camp1 toge!r4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 is ! /atem5t ( ! witness ,hirtz correct to ! effect t aft] #cf to #dh h\rs ^! p]sons _h a temp]ature ( up to #dj ,c5tigrade1 #ajd ,fahr5heit8 ,a4 ,i h already said t aside f ! fir/ gr\p !re 0 no special reaction4 ,hirtz himself did n "k ! fir/ gr\p1 he says s himself4 ,9 ! second gr\p1 ,i h j te/ifi$ t !re 7 no temp]ature reactions or any o!r reaction4 ,q4 ,b y said1 ,witness--oh1 t 0 ! fir/ gr\p4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,& ev5 "h ! reactions 7 q ! usual ones :i* occur 9 o!r vacc9ations1 too4 ,q4 ,b ,hirtz also says t aft] ! temp]ature--sev5 to eight days1 ! p]sons develop$ "s k9d ( di/urbance & !y _h "s imp$im5t 9 _! spee* & 9 ?ree or f\r cases !y /utt]$4 ,d y "k any?+ ab\t t8 ,a4 ,:5 ,i visit$ ^! p]sons ,i did n obs]ve any su* symptoms4 ,none ( !m compla9$1 & ,i am sure t if any "o f\nd t he _h develop$ su* symptoms he w\ld imm$iately h gone to ! doctor4 ,ev]yone 0 int]e/$ 9 gett+ rid ( ^! symptoms4 ,i did n obs]ve any di/urbances or /utt]+4 ,if ,hirtz _h se5 !m at ! "t1 ,i am conv9c$ he w\ld h report$ !m to me4 ,he 0 ! nurse = ^! p]sons & 0 responsible = !m2 ,i _c imag9e t he w\ld h s]v$ ! int]e/s ( ^! prison]s by keep+ ^! ?+s secret4 ,q4 ,y say t y did n obs]ve su* symptoms nor did ,hirtz report !m to y4 ,n[1 ,witness1 ,hirtz also said t aft] two days two ( ^! exp]im5tal subjects1 z he calls !m1 or vacc9at$ p]sons1 z y call !m1 di$4 ,did y obs]ve ?is1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,i h already said t 9 ! small] exp]im5tal gr\p no "o di$1 because ,i am sure ,i w\ld h notic$ x :5 ,i visit$ ^! p]sons :o _h be5 vacc9at$4 ,i w\ld c]ta9ly h ord]$ an autopsy 9 ! case ( su* dea?s to det]m9e :5 ! p]son di$4 ,n only w\ld ,i h ord]$ or c>ri$ out ?is autopsy1 b ! camp adm9i/ration w\ld h ord]$ x4 ,p might ?9k t ^! p]sons p]haps di$ ( typhus4 ,i mu/ say t aft] a two-day incubation p]iod--t 0 ! p]iod betwe5 inoculation & dea?--no "o ev] di$ ( typhus4 ,! %orte/ "t = typhus dea?s1 t is ! incubation p]iod plus l5g? ( disease1 is t5 days to f\rte5 days4 ,& ^! e>ly dea?s are suppos$ to be cases ) a high pa?og5ic virus orig9at+ directly f human be+s4 ,= ?is reason alone x is q impossible4 ,q4 ,witness1 y said t 9 su* cases y w\ld d\btless h _h an autopsy p]=m$4 ,y said y he>d no?+ ab\t ! dea?s1 & t1 !re=e1 !re 0 no autopsy2 is t "r8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is correct4 ,q4 ,i %\ld l to rem9d ! ,tribunal ( ! te/imony ( ,hirtz4 7,tr4 p4 #abih47 ,he said t he imm$iately wrapp$ ! bodies 9 pap] & _h !m burn$ 9 ! crematorium at ,natzweil]4 ,n ev5 ! prosecution witness 0 able to say1 or p]haps did n want to say1 h[ ,pr(essor ,haag5 react$ to ^! dea?s4 ,n[ "o m "q ab\t ?is witness ,hirtz4 ,"h on ! witness /& ,hirtz 0 ask$1 8,n[ ,witness1 y realiz$ t ^! exp]im5ts p]=m$ on ! #bj to #be p]sons 7 exp]im5ts = ! det]m9ation ( typhus 9 connection ) typhus disease80 ,a4 8,yes1 ,i _h n ! slighte/ d\bt ab\t x4 ,i h fifte5 ye>s ( practice beh9d me40 ,i d n "k1 ,witness1 :at ?is te/imony means4 ,p]haps ,i am n en\gh ( a speciali/ to judge1 b ,i may assume t y c expla9 :at ! cont5t ( ^! /atem5ts is4 ,a4 ,i c only say t ,i _c und]/& ,mr4 ,hirtz' /atem5t at all4 ,i h no idea :at exp]im5ts to det]m9e typhus 9 connection ) ?is disease are suppos$ to be4 ,fir/ ( all1 !re 7 no exp]im5ts to det]m9e typhus s9ce !re 0 no typhus4 ,& ,i don't "k any me?od = p]=m+ exp]im5ts on human be+s to det]m9e typhus4 ,if by exp]im5ts1 "o means ! removal ( blood 9 ! ,weil-,felix reaction1 t is some?+ else1 b t is n :at he is talk+ ab\t "h4 ,z reason = 8 exp]t k ! witness /ates t he has be5 a ph>maci/ = #ae ye>s4 ,t he has su* a long practice beh9d him & s consid]s himself an exp]t 9 ! field ( contagi\s diseases4 ,i c't q und]/& t ei!r4 ,b ,i ?9k "o c expect t f a ph>maci/--aft] all1 ph>maci/s d sell vacc9es = public diseases 9 ph>macies--"o w\ld really expect him to "k :at vacc9e reactions are & :at a real disease is4 ,& !n 9 ! fir/ gr\p :]e a reaction did appe>1 he didn't "k t gr\p at all4 ,q4 ,y h already said1 ,witness1 some?+ ab\t ,mr4 ,hirtz' te/imony t ! prison] ,atl(f told him ab\t :at ,mr4 ,hirtz describ$ 0 ! second exp]im5t4 ,x seems to me t supports y\r /atem5t t ,mr4 ,hirtz knew no?+ ab\t ! fir/ gr\p1 t is ! eight p]sons4 ,c y tell u any?+ else1 ,pr(essor1 to expla9 ! contradiction betwe5 y\r te/imony & t ( ,mr4 ,hirtz8 ,a4 ,hirtz speaks only ( "o injection1 n ( two4 ,! vacc9at$ p]sons :om he took c>e ( all _h two injections at int]vals ( sev]al days4 ,if he _h really be5 int]e/$ 9 ! vacc9ation1 he mu/ h kn[n t two injections 7 p]=m$4 ,t is "o po9t4 ,!n he says t ! ne$les 7 n *ang$4 ,he seems to h ov]look$ some?+ !re aga92 t = e injection a new injection ne$le 0 us$ :i* 0 br\ght f ,/rasb\rg already /]iliz$1 & t ! te*nical assi/ant *ang$ !m4 ,anybody :o kn[s any?+ ab\t sci5tific "w kn[s t 9 su* important "w1 "o does n use ! same ne$le = sev]al p]sons1 q aside f ! fact t ?is w\ld n be 9 accordance ) "o ( ! mo/ elem5t>y dem&s ( asepsis4 ,"h aga9 he probably didn't obs]ve v c>efully4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 we are int]e/$ 9 ! "q ( :e!r 9 ! camp ( ,s*irmeck1 y want$ to produce typhus ?r\gh artificial injection ( pa?og5ic virus4 ,did y p]=m su* exp]im5ts at ,s*irmeck8 ,a4 ,no4 ,no su* exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$4 ,i don't "k :at ! purpose w\ld h be54 ,q4 ,!n if ,i may sum up1 ,pr(essor1 y 7 introduc+ a vacc9e into practice aft] x _h already be5 te/$ 9 animal exp]im5ts1 9 self-exp]im5ts1 & 9 exp]im5ts on volunte]s4 ,b exp]im5ts su* z ,i h j describ$ 7 n p]=m$ at ,s*irmeck1 is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is correct4 ,we 7 m]ely introduc+ a vacc9e :i* 0 already be+ us$ on a l>ge scale 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,p]haps ,i may add t at fir/ ,i int5d$ to p]=m fur!r vacc9ations 9 ! ,s*irmeck camp 9 ord] to protect ?is camp z f> z possible1 b t 9 ! c\rse ( ! next mon?1 ,i realiz$ t ! ,natzweil] camp 0 entirely diff]5t 9 its :ole /ructure & t !re 0 mu* great] dang] ( typhus 9 ?is camp4 ,!re=e1 ,i %ift$ my int]e/ f ,s*irmeck to ,natzweil]4 ,q4 ,n[ be=e we g on to ! "w at ,natzweil]1 ,witness1 ,i %\ld l to cl>ify ! foll[+ po9t ) y4 ,mr4 ,hirtz te/ifi$ "h t ! prison]s us$ = vacc9ation 7 n volunte]s2 b y say1 ,pr(essor1 t y\r po9t ( view is t exp]im5tal subjects %\ld be volunte]s4 ,c y please cle>ly answ] ?is "q & expla9 ! po9ts ( view :i* are important 9 y\r op9ion 9 vacc9ations p>ticul>ly8 ,a4 ,! prison]s :om we vacc9at$ 7 n volunte]s4 ,i w\ld l to say ! foll[+ on t po9t3 ,z ,i h already said1 ,i %>e ) mo/ sci5ti/s ! po9t ( view t ! pr]equisite = any exp]im5t is ! self-exp]im5t4 ,?is 0 n m]ely a !ory 9 my case4 ,ev]yone :o kn[s my "w or saw my "w kn[s t ,i p]=m$ a numb] ( self-exp]im5ts & contract$ a numb] ( infections4 ,i ne$ n g into t n[1 b ( c\rse ,i te/$ all vacc9es on myself4 ,if we disp5s$ ) ! elem5t ( volunt>9ess 9 ?is pres5t case1 ,i mu/ /ate t accord+ to our rules & laws 9 ,g]many1 vacc9ations are ord]$ :]ev] !re is dang] ( an epidemic4 ,?is situation exi/$ 9 ,s*irmeck & ,natzweil]4 ,!re 0 a decree = ?is camp f ! ,,ss-,,wvha1 & decrees 7 s5t out by ! *ief doctor ( conc5tration camps4 ,our vacc9ations 7 p]=m$ )9 ^! legal regulations4 ,9 ! records ( trial1 ,i f9d aga9 & aga9 ! po9t ( view t ,i _h tak5 poor1 helpless prison]s & treat$ !m ) murd]\s g]ms4 ,b if "o kn[s my "w well1 "o c see t1 on ! contr>y1 ,i 0 combat+ ^! diseases4 ,!re c be no "q ( any crim9al exp]im5ts "h4 ,i want to object v def9itely to be+ call$ a crim9al :5 ,i 0 m]ely fight+ diseases4 ,q4 ,well1 ,pr(essor1 y say t 9 ?is case y disp5s$ ) volunte]s because x 0 n an exp]im5t1 b r a vacc9ation1 & because x is y\r po9t ( view t = vacc9ations x is legally p]missible to make !m compulsory--t y 7 m]ely c>ry+ out a legal measure "u int]national law8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,?is 0 a vacc9ation ) a vacc9e :i* 0 already be+ us$ else:]e 9 ! _w )9 ! framework ( g5]al vacc9ations c>ri$ out on ! basis ( ! exi/+ regulations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,:5 did y beg9 y\r "w 9 ,natzweil] prop]8 ,a4 ,x 0 my int5tion to beg9 vacc9ation 9 ! ,natzweil] camp 9 ! summ] ( #aidc1 b !n unexpect$ difficulties arose :i* ,i mu/ g into--,i ?9k !y are ( significance = ?is trial4 ,pr(essor ,hirt1 ^: "n ,i believe has be5 m5tion$ "h repeat$ly1 ! director ( ! ,anatomical ,in/itute 9 ,/rasb\rg1 0 a memb] ( ! ,,ss & a rese>* work] ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,z an ,,ss (fic] he _h discov]$ ?r\gh ! camp t ,i want$ to p]=m vacc9ations !re4 ,he !n int]v5$ because he ?\ght t if p]sons outside ! ,,ss or ! ,,wvha want$ to "w 9 ! camp 9 "s =m or o!r we _h to h approval = ?is1 q aside f ! fact t ,i _h be5 ask$ to p]=m ^! vacc9ations1 etc4 ,pr(essor ,hirt told ! camp doctor & myself t he 0 ready to get ?is approval & ask$ me to make a reque/ to ?is effect to ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>*4 ,i _h no connection ) ! ,,ss or any suborganization ( ! ,,ss1 nor did ,i "k ! inn] organization ( ! ,,ss4 ,! application 0 made 9 ! summ] ( #aidc4 ,i _c rememb] ! word+ ( ! application exactly1 b ,hirt s5t x on to ! ag5cy 9 "q4 ,i only "k t ! application said t ,i _h ask$ = p]mission to vacc9ate a c]ta9 numb] ( camp inmates4 ,"o _h to make a limitation because ,i c\ld only produce ! vacc9e 9 small quantities s9ce ! te*nical conditions did n yet exi/ at ! in/itute = l>ge-scale production4 ,9 ?is lett] to ,hirt1 ,i po9t$ out t !re 0 no dang] 9 vacc9ation ) ! new vacc9e1 b t we _h to expect a m or less /rong reaction1 especially a temp]ature reaction 9 accordance ) ! v>iances 9 ! individuals4 ,i also po9t$ out t ! p to be vacc9at$ _h to be 9 good physical condition1 s t !y %\ld be 9 m or less ! same physical condition z our soldi]s4 ,i said ?is 9 ord] to con=m ) ! g5]al vacc9ation regulations4 ,aft] "s "t ,i receiv$ an ann\ncem5t f ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* to ! effect t my reque/ w\ld be grant$4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 w y please look at ,docum5t ,,no-#abj1 :i* is ,prosecution ,exhibit #big4 ,x is a lett] f ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,p]sonal ,/aff1 ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>*1 dat$ #cj ,septemb] #aidc4 ,x is sign$ by ,siev]s1 & x is address$ to ! ,director ( ! ,in/itute = ,hygi5e ( ! ,rei* ,univ]sity1 ,/rasb\rg4 ,h]r ,siev]s writes3 8,i confirm receipt ( y\r reque/ ( #af ,augu/ #aidc4 ,i %all be glad to help y & h accord+ly contact$ ! prop] s\rce to h ! desir$ p]sonnel plac$ at y\r disposal40 ,is ?is ! lett] y meant1 ,witness1 :5 y said t y 7 giv5 approval 9 pr9ciple to c>ry out ^! vacc9ations8 ,a4 ,yes1 ?is lett] creat$ ! basic pr]equisities = p]=m+ ! vacc9ations4 ,if we disreg>d ! fact t = epidemiological reasons ! vacc9ations 7 ju/ifi$ & ev5 necess>y1 ?is lett]1 ,i believe1 gives u a ju/ification to p]=m !m4 ,q4 ,n[1 7 y able to c>ry out ! vacc9ations8 ,a4 ,no4 ,x wasn't z simple z t un=tunately--,i say 8un=tunately0 because preci\s "t 0 lo/ & ,i 0 int]e/$ 9 protect+ ! camp z soon z possible1 at lea/ ins(> z !re 0 no long] any dang] ( typhus4 ,i in=m$ ! camp doctor ( ! cont5ts ( ?is lett] & ask$ to be all[$ to comm5ce ! vacc9ations4 ,a consid]able "t pass$1 h[ev]1 & n until ,novemb] did ,i receive notice t we c\ld beg9 ) ! vacc9ations4 ,! :ole affair _h n be5 help$ by ,hirt's int]v5tion1 !re=e1 b _h ev5 be5 delay$4 ,!n :5 ,i receiv$ ! fir/ hundr$ prison]s1 ,i look$ at !m & f\nd t !y 7 9 no condition at all to be vacc9at$4 ,!y 7 9 v poor %ape4 ,i mu/ say t !y 7 prison]s :o came f ,aus*witz on ! transport2 ,i ?9k eighte5 ( ! p _h already di$4 ,"o really _h no "r to p]=m a vacc9ation on su* a gr\p4 ,i did n d s & refus$ = m$ical reasons4 ,q4 ,& :at did y d !n1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,i in=m$ ,hirt ( ?is4 ,i wrote to him frankly t ^! p 7 out ( ! "q = vacc9ation & ,i ask$ = m5 9 good physical condition4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 w y please look at ,docum5t ,,no-#aba1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bic8 ,x is a lett] f y to ,pr(essor ,hirt1 dat$ #ae #ac ,novemb] #aidc4 ,did y mean ?is lett] :5 y say t y wrote to ,hirt8 ,i %all read briefly3 8,on ! #ac? ( ,novemb] #aidc1 an inspection 0 made ( ! prison]s :o 7 furni%$ to me by ! ,,ss-,,wvha1 9 ord] to det]m9e _! suitability = ! te/s :i* h be5 plann$ = typhus vacc9es40 ,is ?is ! lett]8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,?is is ! lett] ( #ac ,novemb] #aidc4 ,i may po9t out 9 ?is lett] t ,i ask$ = a hundr$ prison]s 9 good physical condition4 ,only 9 ?is way c\ld ,i expect results :i* c\ld be us$ = purposes ( comp>ison4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 ,i h some?+ to put to y f ?is docum5t :i* is p]haps a contradiction--or :i* may be int]pret$ z a contradiction--( y\r te/imony4 ,y say t y want$ to vacc9ate ^! p & ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! docum5t seems to indicate t4 ,y write1 8_! suitability = ! typhus vacc9ations40 ,fur!r d[n1 h[ev]1 9 ! docum5t y speak ( te/+ a new vacc9e4 ,aga91 fur!r d[n1 8mat]ial :i* c be comp>$40 ,"o might conclude t ^! are n vacc9ations b exp]im5ts4 ,is ?is n 9 contradiction ( y\r te/imony8 ,a4 ,no4 ,t is n 9 contradiction ( my /atem5ts4 ,x is app>5tly necess>y = me to supplem5t my /atem5ts by say+ ! foll[+3 z ,i said1 9 ! ,natzweil] camp ,i want$ to vacc9ate a fairly l>ge numb] ( prison]s4 ,! vacc9e 0 ready z f> z ! laboratory 0 conc]n$2 x _h be5 te/$ 9 animal exp]im5ts2 x _h be5 te/$ 9 self-exp]im5ts1 & on a small gr\p ( volunte]s4 ,i1 !re=e1 knew t x no long] involv$ any dang] = ! p]sons vacc9at$ & t ! use ( ?is liv+ vacc9e did n br+ ab\t any manife/ disease4 ,b :5 a new vacc9e is us$ = ! fir/ "t 9 practice x is to a c]ta9 degree an exp]im5t1 s9ce ! tol]ance /ill has to be det]m9$ & t c only be det]m9$ on a l>ge numb] ( p4 ,! dose /ill has to be det]m9$ & ! result ( ! vacc9ation /ill has to be *eck$ on a l>ge numb] ( p4 ,s ,i admit x is no d\bt true t ! use ( a new vacc9e = ! fir/ "t 9 practice on a l>ge numb] ( p c\ld /ill be consid]$ an exp]im5t4 ,i %\ld l to add t 9 ! fir/ l>ge-scale application ! tit] values & blood 7 exam9$4 ,( c\rse1 temp]ature 0 tak5 & all o!r obs]vations 7 c>efully made 9 ord] to get a def9ite f9al impression ( ! effectiv5ess & tol]ance ( ! vacc9e4 ,we _h to d ?is2 x 0 our duty4 ,x 0 a big responsibility to introduce a new vacc9e l ?is1 ev5 if "o _h already ga9$ exp]i5ce 9 a small exp]im5t on oneself & volunte]s4 ,b 9 ?is trial ! ^w1 8exp]im5t10 has be5 grossly misus$4 ,9 ?is s5se our vacc9ations 7 n 8exp]im5ts01 !y 7 te/s & n exp]im5ts ) any unc]ta9 goal or purpose4 ,"o c h>dly speak ( crim9al exp]im5ts "h4 ,& 9 e m$ical j\rnal 9 ! _w1 on almo/ e page1 we f9d exp]im5ts at ! sick b$1 & ,i don't ?9k anyone has any objection to ?is ^w4 ,& z f> z human exp]im5ts are conc]n$1 ,i %\ld l to ref] to adv]tisem5ts :i* %[ ! public attitude ( an ,am]ican firm--9 picture magaz9es :i* ,i h se5 myself4 ,antiseptics su* z ,li/]9e1 :]e !y speak ( human be+s on :om te/s h be5 made1 :o 7 us$ z gu9ea pigs4 ,= ?is reason alone ,i ?9k ! ^w2 8exp]im5t01 is us$ 9 diff]5t s5ses4 ,q4 ,"o t]m has n yet be5 cle>$ 9 ?is docum5t1 ! la/ words1 8comp>able mat]ial40 ,c y please expla9 :at t means8 ,:at did y mean by 8comp>able mat]ial08 ,a4 ,t means t ! inve/igations indicat$ _h already be5 made & t ! results 7 to be comp>$ ) "o ano!r1 s t "o c\ld h really useful results4 ,! individual values ( e immunologi/ v>y consid]ably accord+ to ! con/itution & g5]al physical condition4 ,t 0 "o ( ! reasons :y ,i 0 v c>eful to obta9 only ^? p]sons 9 good physical condition = vacc9ation1 s9ce p]sons 9 a poor condition react q diff]5tly4 ,besides1 ,i mu/ po9t out t accord+ to ! g5]al vacc9ation regulations1 vacc9ations ( any type c only be p]=m$ on heal?y p1 & ,i want$ to obs]ve ?is rule /rictly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,tipp3 ,n[1 ,witness1 ,i turn to ! next docum5t1 ,,no-#abb1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bih4 ,x is a lett] f ,rose to y dat$ #ac ,decemb] #aidc4 ,9 ?is lett] ! frequ5tly m5tion$ ,cop5hag5 vacc9e is aga9 m5tion$4 ,h]r ,rose writes "h t ! te/+ ( _m vacc9es simultane\sly gives a cle>] picture ( bett] or worse results ( a me?od ?an ! te/+ ( "o vacc9e alone4 ,fur!rmore1 !re is m5tion ( ! exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,let me ask y fir/ ( all1 ,pr(essor1 :5 y receiv$ ?is lett] 9 ,decemb] #aidc1 :at did y "k ab\t ^! ,bu*5wald exp]im5ts8 ,,witness ,,haag53 ,i only he>d ! details ab\t ^! ,bu*5wald exp]im5ts f ! docum5ts 9 ?is trial4 ,moreov]1 ,dr4 ,d+'s report at ! consult+ conf]5ce 9 #aidc mu/ be m5tion$4 ,i he>d ( ,pr(essor ,rose's prote/ aga9/ ^! human exp]im5ts at t "t4 ,q4 ,y _h no connection !n ) ^! ,d+ exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,i nev] work$ ) ,d+ & knew ( 8 "w only f ! report at ?is consult+ conf]5ce4 ,q4 ,! prosecution has d$uc$ reg>d+ ^! ,bu*5wald exp]im5ts t ! efficacy ( ! vacc9e 0 te/$ by subsequ5t infection ) pa?og5ic virus4 ,w y please say :at y h to ab\t t8 ,a4 ,?is attitude on ! "p ( ! prosecution ignores ! fact1 z ,i said sev]al times1 t ,i nev] _h a /ra9 ( virus :i* is pa?og5ic to human be+s1 consequ5tly1 ,i c\ld n c>ry out an infection su* z ! prosecution seems to assume4 ,i nev] ?\ght ( c>ry+ out su* subsequ5t infection ) a virus pa?og5ic to human be+s1 because ,i 0 work+ z a sci5ti/ ) my own mat]ial1 & wasn't te/+ mixture = o!r vacc9es at all4 ,z ,i h already said1 on ! occasion ( ,ah]9esliev1 ,i vacc9at$ "s ( ! inmates !re1 ) an att5uat$ virus 9 ord] to m9imize ! reactions to ! vacc9e4 ,i ?\ght t 9 ! next vacc9ation ,i w\ld c>ry out ^! prim>y vacc9ations ) dead vacc9e & ,i want$ to use su* a vacc9e t us$ a dead virus4 ,9 ! meantime1 betwe5 ,s*irmeck vacc9es & ! new vacc9ations 9 ,natzweil]1 ,i _h c>ri$ my "w to ! po9t :]e ,i no long] ne$$ a dead vacc9e4 ,b ! previ\s hi/ory 0 ?is3 ,pr(essor ,rose1 by s5d+ me ?is ,cop5hag5 vacc9e1 ?\ght he 0 support+ & help+ me4 ,& he sugge/$ t ,i include ?is dead vacc9e 9 my s]ies ( vacc9es4 ,let me say reg>d+ ?is ,cop5hag5 vacc9e t x 0 a liv] vacc9e :i* is said to be mu* m effective ?an ! o!r dead vacc9es1 p>ticul>ly m s ?an ! lung vacc9e2 & f x1 9 dead =m1 a bett] protection c\ld be expect$4 ,n[1 x 0 my po9t ( view t if we di/ribut$ x ov] #ajj p]sons aga9 & did n get o!r p]sons1 !re w\ld n be en\gh vacc9ations to be ( value = comp>isons4 ,s1 ,i didn't see any reason = introduc+ ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e4 ,i told ?is to ,pr(essor ,rose & ,pr(essor ,rose answ]$ 9 ! =m we h se5 9 ! lett] :i* con/itutes ?is docum5t4 ,?is w\ld h giv5 "s basis = comp>ison betwe5 ! two vacc9es4 ,h[ev]1 ,i didn't use x because ,i 0 no long] int]e/$ 9 x s9ce1 9 ! meantime1 we _h succe$$ some:at 9 att5uat+ our own virus s t we c\ld d )\t x4 ,i he>d no m f ,pr(essor ,rose ab\t ?is vacc9e & nev] receiv$ ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e4 ,q4 ,!n y say1 ,pr(essor1 t ?is 0 a dead vacc9e1 namely ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e1 & !re 0 also y\r own dead vacc9e :i* 0 to be us$ = a prelim9>y vacc9ation to r$uce ! reaction to ! live vacc9e4 ,h[ev]1 ?is plan al?\gh orig9ally int5d$1 0 nev] c>ri$ out8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is s4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 we 7 talk+ ab\t y\r lett] to ,pr(essor ,hirt ( #ae #ac ,novemb] #aidc1 9 :i* y ask him to make o!r prison]s available4 ,0 ?is reque/ met lat] & 7 y able to c>ry out vacc9ations 9 ,natzweil] lat] ) y\r new vacc9e8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i receiv$ ! p]sons ,i _h reque/$1 & 9 ,decemb] ( #aidc & ,janu>y ( #aidd we 7 able to c>ry out ^! vacc9ations4 ,i p]=m$ !m 9 two gr\ps ( #dj p]sons ea* ) my live att5uat$ virus :i* is no long] pa?og5ic to human be+s1 & ?is ,i want to /ate explicitly4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 please describe ^! vacc9ations briefly to ! ,tribunal4 ,a4 ,fir/1 a gr\p ( #dj p]sons 0 vacc9at$4 ,! fir/ vacc9ation 0 done ) "o cc4 intramuscul>ly4 ,"o 0 a vacc9e made ( mur9e typhus virus vacc9e4 ,9 no case did local reactions ( temp]ature or o!r symptoms occur4 ,! second vacc9ation took place a week lat]4 ,?is 0 aga9 "o cc4 ( vacc9e introduc$ intramuscul>ly4 ,?is 0 no long] pa?og5ic to human be+s4 ,to complete ! /ory ,i h to say t betwe5 ! ,s*irmeck vacc9ations 9 ,may & ^! vacc9ations1 ,i _h turn$ to ! production ( a l\se typhus vacc9e2 ?is vacc9e conta9$ live virus4 ,be=e x 0 us$ 9 ,natzweil] z a vacc9e1 we te/$ x on ourselves1 t is1 ) "s collaborators1 to asc]ta9 ! tol]ability & effects4 ,we 7 r\ghly t5 p]sons1 memb]s ( ! in/itute & also /ud5ts4 ,only !n did we use ! vacc9e on ! prison]s 9 ,natzweil]4 ,f\r weeks aft] ! la/ vacc9ation !re 7 ! usual s]ological exam9ations4 ,! ,weil-,felix reaction 0 us$4 ,! av]age tit] value1 let me say1 0 bett] ?an 9 ! vacc9ations ) ! rat virus4 ,x 01 namely #b1jjj4 ,i ne$ n g into ^! details4 ,! g5]al reactions 7 normal reactions to inoculation1 temp]ature1 & heada*es2 b !re 7 no manife/ations ( actual typhus z a result ( inoculations4 ,q4 ,y are speak+ ( a fir/ gr\p1 s ,i assume !re mu/ h be5 a second gr\p4 ,h[ did y c>ry out ! vacc9ation ( ! second gr\p8 ,a4 ,x occurr$ to me t in/ead ( inject+ ! vacc9e1 ! vacc9ation c\ld be p]=m$ by sc>ify+ ! sk9 9 ! same way z y scrape ! sk9 to make a smallpox vacc9ation4 ,!re=e1 z ) ! fir/ gr\p1 ) ! same liv+ virus vacc9e1 ,i vacc9at$ #dj additional p]sons ) sc>ification ( ! sk94 ,let me po9t out t ! exp]im5ts on myself & on my assi/ants 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! same way1 ) sc>ification ( ! sk94 ,! reactions 7 comp>atively mild1 correspond+ r\ghly to ! reactions to vascul> typhus vacc9e1 s t we _h no misgiv+s ab\t und]tak+ ?is k9d ( vacc9ation4 ,q4 ,y describ$ ! reactions ( y\rself & ! volunte]s z v slight4 ,n[1 ! reactions ( ! prison]s 7 /rong]1 7 !y n8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,!y 7 /rong] aga94 ,& ?is we c only expla9 by believ+ t ! g5]al /ate ( heal? among ! prison]s 0 l[] ?an among my associates2 b !re 0 no su* ?+ z a natural manife/ation ( typhus or any fatalities4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,b1 ,pr(essor1 to ?is /atem5t ,i %all h to put to y some?+ :i* 0 said be=e ?is ,tribunal & :i* is q diff]5t f :at y h j said4 ,i am ref]r+ to ! te/imony ( ! witness1 ,edi? ,s*midt4 ,on #i ,janu>y #aidg 7,tr4 p4 #acga71 %e said t y _h c>ri$ out vacc9ation exp]im5ts on #ajj to #aej p]sons 9 ,natzweil]1 & out ( ^! exp]im5ts r\ghly #ej are said to h di$ f ! control gr\p4 ,fraeule9 ,s*midt /at$ t %e knew ?is f notes :i* y\r te*nical assi/ant1 ,miss ,crodel1 _h made ab\t ! typhus exp]im5ts at ,natzweil]4 ,c y please tell ! ,tribunal to :i* notes ,fraeule9 ,s*midt 0 ref]r+--9 o!r words1 h[ d y expla9 h] te/imony8 ,a4 ,x is utt]ly impossible = ,fraeule9 ,s*midt to h se5 records ( notes ( my vacc9ations 9 ,natzweil] 9 :i* fatalities occurr$ because z ,i h already said no "o di$ foll[+ ! vacc9ations4 ,^! notes ( ,fraeule9 ,crodel's :i* ,fraeule9 ,s*midt saw d n ref] to ! vacc9ations4 ,t c be se5 f ! numb]s m5tion$1 by ,fraeule9 ,s*midt1 because ,i only vacc9at$ #hj p]sons at ,natzweil]1 n #aej to #bjj z ! witness /at$4 ,! witness app>5tly took ?is numb] & ! concept ( a control gr\p f lat] writ+s1 :i* are to be discuss$ h]eaft]2 b ,i c imag9e to :i* note %e c\ld h be5 ref]r+4 ,q4 ,please cont9ue1 ,witness4 ,a4 ,! witness /ates correctly :5 ^! notes 7 made1 because %e says ! sun 0 %9+ on ! pages4 ,t mu/ h be5 9 ! spr+ or summ] ( #aidd4 ,?is corresponds ) ! "t :5 ! typhus epidemic 0 rag+ 9 ! camp4 ,?us ,i assume t ,fraeule9 ,s*midt really did see g5u9e notes ( "s sort4 ,q4 ,!n1 ,witness1 y are say+ t ^! 7 notes :i* 7 made 9 ! c\rse ( an epidemic t took place 9 ,natzweil]1 c y tell u :5 ?is epidemic broke out8 ,a4 ,s f> z ,i c /ate f memory1 ! epidemic broke out 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* ( #aidd4 ,gradually ! numb] ( cases became v l>ge1 & 9 ! summ] ! v consid]able figure ( r\ghly #a1bjj 0 rea*$4 ,q4 ,let me po9t out 9 ?is connection t ?is epidemic is confirm$ by two prosecution witnesses3 ,gr&jean on #f ,janu>y 7,tr4 p4 #ajii7 & ! witness ,holl on #c ,janu>y #aidg 7,tr4 p4 #ajeh74 ,bo? witnesses /at$ t 9 ! spr+ ( #aidd & also 9 ! summ] foll[+1 !re 0 a sev]e typhus epidemic 9 ,natzweil]4 ,! witness ,gr&jean gave ! numb] z #a1bjj to #a1djj cases1 z ,i rememb]1 ?us ?is w\ld agree ) :at y h j said1 ,witness4 ,n[1 ! mo/ important "q 9 ?is connection is1 did ! outbreak ( ?is epidemic h any connection ) y\r vacc9ations--:at ,i mean is1 7 y\r vacc9ations ! cause ( ?is epidemic8 ,a4 ,no4 ,!re 0 no connection betwe5 ! epidemic & our vacc9ations4 ,our vacc9ations _h already be5 conclud$ 9 ,janu>y #aidd1 & ! fir/ typhus cases occurr$ 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 & !y 7 br\ght into ! camp f outside1 ei!r by transports or f o!r camps4 ,let me repeat t ! sick p 7 tak5 f outside camps to ,s*irmeck :]e !y 7 treat$ 9 a special dep>tm5t1 because !re 0 no way ( isolat+ !m 9 ! outside camps4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cross-,,exam9ation ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,let's pass on to ! notebook4 ,n[1 :at does ! notebook %[8 ,:at is ?is notebook8 ,,witness ,,haag53 ,t is a control book 9 :i* ! exp]im5ts ) ! typhus vacc9e on ! animals 7 record$4 ,q4 ,does t notebook conc]n y\r typhus exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,z f> z ,i c see n[1 x looks z if t 0 ! curr5t laboratory "w :i* we 7 c>ry+ out4 ,t is :at x looks l1 b ,i'd h to see all ( x fir/4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 y mu/ be able to tell ! ,tribunal :o wrote ?is book4 ,a4 ,! te*nical assi/ant kept x1 & f ! h&writ+1 x looks z if %e made ^! entries2 b ,i c't int]pret e record aft] su* a long "t4 ,i h to /udy x fir/4 ,we did n only h vacc9ations1 b also sci5tific "w4 ,q4 ,b to ! be/ ( y\r memory1 y c /ate t ?is notebook 0 writt5 by ,fraeule9 ,crodel1 & x conc]ns ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by y8 ,a4 ,! laboratory "w1 z f> z ,i c see at ! mom5t4 ,i w\ld l to make t re/riction4 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,! prosecution asks t ,docum5t ,,no-#cheb be m>k$ z ,prosecution ,exhibit #eba = id5tification4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 we h cov]$ ! *>t ( ! te/ on ! two mice4 ,let's g to ! notebook itself4 ,& 9 ord] to foll[ my que/ions1 ,i w ask y to obs]ve ! p5cil numb]s :i* ,i h writt5 on ?is photo/atic copy d[n at ! bottom "r-h& corn] ( ea* page4 ,d y f9d t8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,w y turn to page #c8 ,if ! ,tribunal1 please1 x w be necess>y to r5umb] ! pages appe>+ on y\r translations4 ,?is applies equally to ! def5se c\nsel4 ,:5 ! translation 0 made1 !y took "s pages (f ! rev]se side ( ! photo/atic copy1 & because ( ! two pages appe>+ = "o photo/atic copy1 !y _h to be r5umb]$4 ,page #e on ! translations %\ld be m>k$ page #c4 ,d y f9d ! entry = #cj ,april #aidc1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 #cj ,april '#dc1 yes4 ,q4 ,& t says1 8,s1 plus1 plus1 #i1 ,s*40 ,t is ,s*irmeck1 isn't x1 ,pr(essor8 8,s*408 ,a4 ,no4 ,t means n9? passage4 ,x is suppos$ to be 8pas401 n9? passage4 ,q4 ,x says 8,s*401 :at does 8,s*40 mean8 ,a4 ,x doesn't look l 8,s*40 to me4 ,q4 ,:at does x look l to y8 ,a4 ,9 ,g]man1 ,i ?9k x looks l a 8p01 a ,g]man 8p04 ,q4 ,& y ?9k x %\ld read :at8 ,a4 ,fir/1 ,i said x is probably 8passage--n9? passage04 ,q4 ,all "r4 ,let's g d[n to ! entry1 ! next "o = #ad ,may4 ,9 p>5!sis 8two weeks10 does t mean ! vacc9e _h be5 /or$ = two weeks8 ,a4 ,:]e is t8 ,i c't f9d x4 ,q4 #ad ,may1 imm$iately-- ,a4 ,x probably means t x 0 /or$ = two weeks1 yes4 ,q4 ,& !n y g on1 & x reads1 8#a plus two po9t two = six mice1 po9t five1 ,i4 ,p4 ,all inject$ aga91 six po9t six immune1 only two out ( f\r ( ! controll$ di$10 "r8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is "r4 ,q4 ,!n1 ! next is #bf ,may1 8f\r weeks1 ?ree da% six10 :at does 8?ree da% six0 mean1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 8,f\r weeks1 ?ree to six10 only ,i c't tell y at ! mom5t4 ,i'd h to recon/ruct :at ! assi/ant wrote4 ,q4 ,well1 pass+ t = ! mom5t4 ,x cont9ues to read1 8po9t #e p] p]son & six mice po9t five ,i4 ,p41 five dead aft] t51 f\rte5 days4 ,! re/ aft] f\r weeks40 ,:at does 8! re/0 ref] to1 ! "o m\se8 ,does t ref] to ^? unid5tifi$ p]sons8 ,a4 ,no4 ,t ref]s to ! mice4 ,x 0 simply a m\se exp]im5t4 ,x says 8five dead40 ,we %\ld h all ! in=mation on ! mice4 ,?is is only an extract4 ,q4 ,b ?is is ,may #aidc1 :5 y 7 vacc9at+ p 9 ,s*irmeck1 & ?is entry says 8?ree da% six1 po9t five p] p]sons04 ,n[ y are n sugge/+ to ! ,tribunal t ! 8p]sons0 are ref]r+ to ! mice8 ,x cont9ues to say-- ,a4 ,b :5 x says 8six mice0 ) 8po9t five01 t 0 ! s]um1 ,i suppose1 because we 7 also te/+ ! immuniz+ effect on mice4 ,i c't int]pret x diff]5tly at ! mom5t4 8,f\r weeks01 t means ! vacc9e _h be5 /or$ = f\r weeks4 8,po9t five p] p]sons0 7 vacc9at$4 ,t might mean t x 0 a comp>ison exp]im5t1 t ! effectiv5ess 0 to be te/$ on mice4 ,at ! mom5t ,i c't give any exact int]pretation4 ,i'd h to /udy ! docum5t v c>efully4 ,q4 ,:at does ?is 8p] p]son0 ref] to8 ,talk+ ab\t human be+s1 ar5't !y8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,x is v possible t t 0 ! vacc9e :i* we _h inject$ into ! p]sons 9 ,s*irmeck 9 ,may ( '#dc2 & !n 9 p>allel exp]im5ts1 we te/$ x on mice4 ,x 0 /ill pa?og5ic to mice4 ,x 0 ! mur9e typhus virus4 ,q4 ,b n pa?og5ic to human be+s4 ,x kill$ ! mice1 b y 7 sure x w\ldn't kill any human be+s1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! vacc9ation %[$ t4 ,q4 ,let's see :at x %[$4 ,let's look at ! entry = #f ,july1 & y w recall t ?is is "r ab\t ! "t t our witness1 ,hirtz1 0 te/ify+4 ,on #f ,july1 8draw+s ( blood1 ,s*irmeck1 #aj p]sons1 #c _h fev]1 ,weil-,felix10 & !n "u numb] #a to #h1 indicat+ p]sons #a to #h1 y give ! s]um tit] c\nt1 & !n comes a little phrase1 8! o!r two 7 n "h anymore40 ,pr(essor1 :at ab\t ^! o!r two p]sons out ( ! t58 ,y rememb] t ! witness ,hirtz te/ifi$ t he p]sonally sew$ two bodies up 9 a pap] bag1 :i* 7 deliv]$ to ! crematorium aft] y _h inject$ y\r vacc9e4 ,doesn't ?is1 8! o!r two are n "h anymore01 r sub/antiate :at ! witness ,hirtz te/ifi$ to8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i w\ldn't say t4 ,9 my direct exam9ation1 ,i said t on *eck+ ^! vacc9at$ p]sons1 no "o 0 miss+4 ,:e!r lat] p]haps--^! s]ological exam9ations 7 9 ,may1 two mon?s be=e--:e!r "s ( ! prison]s w5t 9 ! meantime1 ,i don't "k4 ,if anyone _h di$ !re w\ld h be5 an entry some:]e 9 ! record1 ,i %\ld ?9k4 ,q4 ,doesn't t entry say1 8! two w]5't "h anymore08 ,:]e 7 ^! s]ological exam9ations 9 ,may8 ,i don't see t 9 y\r records4 ,does x %[ any s]ological exam9ations 9 ,may8 ,a4 ,9 ! in/itute4 ,& ?is is a lat] *eck on ! immunity ?r\gh ! ,weil-,felix exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,we w proce$1 ,pr(essor4 ,n[ y te/ifi$ y did n conduct any vacc9ations aft] ,may #aidc 9 ,s*irmeck1 & ,i mu/ h giv5 y an opportunity at lea/ five times to make t p]fectly cle>4 ,& ev5 on ! la/ docum5t ,i put to y1 y /ill insi/ y did n make any4 ,! next entry reads1 8#d ,octob] #aidc1 six mon?s1 inoculat$ #bj p]sons 9 ,s*irmeck1 tube plus #b cc4 di/ill$ wat]1 #j4e p] p]son04 ,d y want to *ange y\r te/imony n[1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,fir/ ,i h to read x c>efully4 ,!re is a figure "h1 8six mon?s04 ,i h to int]pret t 8#bj p]sons inoculat$ 9 ,s*irmeck04 ,^? are probably ! #bj p we vacc9at$ 9 ,may1 :om ! witness "h m5tion$4 8,two cc4 di/ill$ wat]1 !n #j4e cc4 p] p]son40 ,i d n "k ev5 today t we c>ri$ out vacc9ations 9 ,s*irmeck 9 ! fall ( #aidc4 ,!n !re is an entry on ! #bg? ( ,janu>y1 #aidd1 8n9e mon?s04 ,q4 ,t is "r4 ,t gives y ! l5g? ( "t y _h ?is vacc9e /or$1 does x n1 ,pr(essor8 ,on #d ,octob] #aidc y _h x /or$ six mon?s8 ,y inoculat$ #bj p]sons 9 ,s*irmeck on #d ,octob]1 did y n1 z y /at$ 9 y\r lett] to ,rose on ! same date3 8! inoculations are n[ progress+10 or words to t effect8 ,y rememb] y said to ,rose 9 a lett] ( #d ,octob] #aidc1 :i* ,i put to y1 t 0 j a plan t y w\ld d t4 ,?is entry indicates y did d x1 does x n1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,i mu/ /ress :at ,i said be=e4 ,aft]w>ds x sudd5ly says 8,janu>y #aidc04 ,t is a "t mu* f>!r back4 ,q4 ,yes1 x is fur!r back4 ,x is obvi\sly a mi/ake1 ,pr(essor1 z y well "k4 ,sometimes p runn+ f ,decemb] ov] into ,janu>y make a mi/ake & put ! la/ ye>1 y "k1 & t is obvi\sly :at happ5$ 9 ?is case because he c\ld n write a contemporane\s entry = ,janu>y #aidc & !n h x appe> up above t entry1 entries = ,octob]1 ,july1 & ,may & ,april #aidc1 c\ld he1 ,pr(essor8 ,y w agree ) me t ! date %\ld read #bg ,janu>y #aidd1 :5 ! vacc9e _h be5 /or$ n9e mon?s dat+ f #cj ,april #aidc1 is t n "r1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,i _c rememb] t we vacc9at$ anybody 9 ,s*irmeck lat]2 ,i am v sorry4 ,q4 ,y rememb] t y did n vacc9ate anybody aft] ,may1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is "r4 ,q4 ,on #bg ,janu>y #aidd1 :i* is ! next entry1 8n9e mon?s1 mix$ ) ! same am\nt z #ba ,may di/ill$ wat] plus tube1 #bj p]sons #aj cc4 ea*04 ,^? 7 9 ,s*irmeck1 too1 7 !y n1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,x says #a cc41 #a po9t #j cc4 ,x does n say any?+ ab\t ,s*irmeck4 ,i _c say4 ,i mu/ assure y once m t ,i actually "k no?+ ab\t ^! vacc9ations4 ,i am v sorry4 ,q4 ,let u proce$ to page #d1 ,pr(essor4 ,x is app>5tly ano!r s]ies on ,s*irmeck4 ,d y f9d ! entry on page #d8 ,y\r ,honors %\ld *ange page #f to page #d4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,our pages are numb]$ #a & #b4 ,y are ref]r+ to ! numb]s on ! orig9al docum5t8 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,yes1 y\r ,honor1 page #f on our translation4 ,page #f ( ! orig9al1 %\ld be *ang$ to read page #d ( ! orig9al4 ,n[1 ,pr(essor1 d y f9d an entry on page #d be=e y1 ( #aj ,octob]1 8five mon?s1 inoculat$ t5 p]sons 9 ,s*irmeck08 ,d y f9d t1 ,pr(essor8 ,,witness ,,haag53 ,yes4 ,q4 ,t indicates y inoculat$ "s aft] #d ,octob] #aidc1 vacc9ations :i* y m5tion$ 9 y\r lett] to ,rose1 & :i* are confirm$ by ?is notebook4 ,& !n1 "u ! entry = #aj ,octob]1 y f9d #bg ,janu>y #aidd4 ,does x appe> #aidd on ! orig9al8 ,a4 #bg ,janu>y #aidd1 yes4 ,q4 ,eight mon?s8 ,a4 ,eight mon?s1 yes4 ,q4 ,y speak ( inoculat+ #bj p]sons !re1 d y n1 ,pr(essor8 ,c y tell ! ,tribunal t ^? 7 done 9 ,s*irmeck8 ,a4 ,i d n "k t vacc9ations 7 p]=m$ 9 ,s*irmeck at ?is "t4 ,we 7 only vacc9at+ 9 ,natzweil] at ?is "t1 & ,i did n he> t su* vacc9ations 7 c>ri$ out4 ,i am sorry4 ,q4 ,all "r4 ,a4 ,i am try+ to int]pret ! docum5t4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 let u g on to page #e4 ,d y f9d page #e1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,?is m5tions ano!r s]ies ( inoculations 9 ,s*irmeck1 8#ac ,july #aidc1 approximately sev5 weeks1 ,s*irmeck1 #j4e cc4 p] p]son & six mice be=e ! inoculation04 ,let u drop d[n l[] on ! page4 ,d y f9d ! entry = #ad ,octob]8 ,pr(essor1 d y f9d t8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 8,t5 p]sons inoculat$ = ! ?ird "t ) #a cc40 ,pr(essor1 ,i ?\ght y told u t y did n c>ry out multiple vacc9ations ) y\r mur9e vacc9e 9 ,s*irmeck4 ,a4 ,i h already te/ifi$ t ! only vacc9ations 9 ,s*irmeck 7 9 ,may #aidc4 ,i d n "k f :]e ?is record came4 ,9 ! fall ( #aidc we 7 only work+ 9 ,natzweil]4 ,i am sorry1 ,i _c give any explanation4 ,q4 ,?is entry1 ?\gh1 ,pr(essor1 indicates an inoculation = ! ?ird "t on a s]ies ( t5 p]sons4 ,t 0 y\r 8,infektions-,v]su*e10 0 x n1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i "k no?+ ab\t x2 ,i am sorry4 ,q4 ,b y\r s]ies ( ?ree vacc9ations 0 :at y ref]r$ to z ! 8,infektions-,v]su*e10 0 x n1 ,pr(essor8 ,a4 ,b ^! 7 vacc9ations :i* 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,natzweil]1 ,mr4 ,prosecutor4 ,q4 ,! book says !y 7 c>ri$ out 9 ,s*irmeck1 & ab\t f\r days be=e1 on ! #d? ( ,octob] #aidc1 y wrote to ,rose & said1 8,we h to c>ry out infection exp]im5ts40 ,pr(essor1 is x possible t y really meant by 8infection exp]im5ts0 some?+ o!r ?an y\r ?ree-times vacc9ation :i* y _h conclud$ on #ad ,octob] #aidc8 ,a4 ,let me see exactly :at x says "h1 page #e1 8#aj ,octob]-#ad ,octob]1 t5 p]sons1 ?ree times po9t five10 x says aga94 ,x only says x is a vacc9ation1 if ?is docum5t is "r4 ,q4 ,does ! docum5t say1 8,vacc9at$ t5 p]sons1 inoculat$ = ! ?ird "t08 ,is t :at x said8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,x says s4 ,9 ,may at ,s*irmeck 9 ! control gr\p we vacc9at$ ?ree times4 ,t is n impossible2 b :at ,i notice on ?is docum5t1 if y want to connect x ) ! ,ips5 vacc9e1 is t x does n say any?+ ab\t ! ,ips5 vacc9e2 ,i h n f\nd t yet1 b x does say ,gildemei/]4 ,q4 ,i h n m5tion$ any?+ ab\t ,ips5 vacc9e4 ,let u proce$1 ,pr(essor1 s t we get ?r\gh be=e ! noon recess4 ,rememb]1 y te/ifi$ y _h n c>ri$ out any vacc9ations 9 ,natzweil] aft] ,janu>y #aidd4 ,pr(essor1 w y turn to page #g ( ?is little notebook on y\r exp]im5ts1 & :ile ?is is n ! only entry :i* %[s t y c>ri$ out vacc9ation exp]im5ts 9 ,natzweil] aft] ,janu>y #aidd1 ,i ?9k x w be suffici5t = our purposes4 ,d y h page #g8 ,w y f9d ! entry8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i h page #g4 ,q4 ,w y f9d ! entry = #be ,may #aidd8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,does t read1 8,toge!r ) ,s inoculat$1 us$ up five tubes ( ,,mi 9 ,natzweil]2 two ampules di/ill$ wat]1 ?ree to f\r cubic c5timet]s p] ampule vacc9e1 #j4e cc4 ,! inoculation took place dur+ ! incubation p]iod1 a transport also conta9+ sick p1 #ac became sick 9 ! p]iod f #bi ,may to #i ,june2 ( ^?1 two di$40 ,!n x cont9ues to give ! tit] value ( "s ( ! o!rs4 ,pr(essor1 don't y h to *ange y\r te/imony ab\t vacc9ation 9 ,natzweil]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i _c *ange x4 ,i "k no?+ ab\t ?is4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 let u look at words 8toge!r ) ,s04 ,:at d y und]/& 8toge!r ) ,s0 to mean8 ,x is #be ,may #aidd8 ,a4 ,i h no idea :at 8,s0 means4 ,q4 ,y te/ifi$ t ! def5dant ,s*ro$] visit$ y & y fix$ ! date1 #be ,may #aidd4 ,is !re any possibility t t 8,s0 c\ld mean ,s*ro$]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,t is q impossible4 ,impossible4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] nev] c>ri$ out any exp]im5ts ) me nor did any "w 9 my laboratory4 ,he 0 n ) me 9 ,s*irmeck or ,natzweil]4 ,q4 ,he 0 n ) y 9 ,natzweil]8 ,a4 ,no4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #eg ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,oswald ,pohl1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,v4 #eh ,n introduc$ 9 evid5ce4 #ei ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ag ,july #aidg1 pp4 #aajdi-aajgd4 #fj ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,fri$ri* ,flick1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,,vi4 #fa ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,oswald ,pohl1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,v4 #fb ,passage is ! pass+ ( a disease c>ri] ?r\gh a human be+ or ?r\gh an animal4 #fc ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i ,jan4 #aidg1 pp4 #aaea-ahhc4 #fd ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ah1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #be ,april #aidg1 pp4 #fjha-fdhd4 #fe ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #bf1 #bg1 #bh1 #ca ,m>* #aidg1 pp4 #ejjj-ebdd4 #ff ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj ,june #aidg1 pp4 #idji-igac4 #aj4 ,,exp]im5ts ,,) ,,poison a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,g5zk51 ,gebh>dt1 ,mrug[sky1 & ,popp5dick 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ exp]im5ts ) poison 7p>4 #f 7,k7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,only ! def5dant ,mrug[sky 0 convict$ on ?is *>ge4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! exp]im5ts ) poison is conta9$ 9 its clos+ brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,mrug[sky4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on pages #fca to #fcb4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! f9al plea = ! def5dant ,mrug[sky4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #fcc to #fcd4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #fcd to #fci4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky 99 99 99 99 99 ,poison ,exp]im5ts ,poison exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! ,bu*5wald & ,sa*s5haus5 conc5tration camps by ord] ( ! def5dant ,mrug[sky 7,tr4 pp4 #aahc-f74 ,! fir/ s]ies ( ! exp]im5ts 0 c>ri$ out 9 ,decemb] #aidc 9 ord] to det]m9e ! fatal dosage ( poisons ( ! alkaloid gr\p4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 reque/$ by ! ,,ss judge1 ,morg51 :o inve/igat$ ! crim9al case aga9/ ,ko*1 camp comm&] ( ,bu*5wald1 & ! def5dant ,hov54 ,hov5 0 suspect$ ( hav+ kill$ a witness aga9/ ,ko* & himself by means ( poison4 ,f\r ,russian prison]s ( w> 7 exp]im5t$ ^u by ,d+4 ,! poison 0 adm9i/]$ to ! exp]im5tal subjects 9 _! food )\t _! k4 ,all f\r surviv$1 b 7 /rangl$ 9 a crematorium ( ! conc5tration camp 9 ord] t autopsies c\ld be p]=m$4 7,tr4 pp4 #aahc-f2 ,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg47 ,s9ce ,d+ 0 subord9at$ to ,mrug[sky1 ?is exp]im5t c\ld n h be5 p]=m$ by ,d+ )\t ,mrug[sky's approval4 ,on #aa ,septemb] #aidd ,mrug[sky & ,d+ c>ri$ out an exp]im5t ) aconit9e nitrate projectiles 9 ! ,sa*s5haus5 conc5tration camp4 ,! projectiles 7 fill$ ) cry/alliz$ poison & five exp]im5tal subjects 7 %ot 9 ! upp] "p ( ! left ?igh ) ^! projectiles4 ,9 two cases1 no effect ( ! poison c\ld be obs]v$4 ,9 ! o!r ?ree cases1 ! suff]+ ( ! exp]im5tal subjects 0 t]rible4 ,all ?ree di$ aft] approximately two h\rs ( agony4 ,! poison bullets us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts 7 alleg$ly ( ,russian orig94 7,,no-#bja1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bij47 ,! exp]im5tal subjects 7 ,russian prison]s ( w>4 7,tr4 p4 #aahf2 see also ,kogon's te/imony 9 ,case #d4fg7 ,mrug[sky admitt$ 8 p>ticipation 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,he def5d$ himself on ! gr\nd t he 0 ! legally appo9t$ execution] 9 ?is case4 ,assum+ ! tru? ( ?is absurd /atem5t1 x _c be held legal to torture to dea? prison]s ( w> ev5 if !y _h be5 validly s5t5c$ to dea?4 ,on #bf ,octob] #aidd /ill ano!r poison exp]im5t 0 c>ri$ out by ,d+ 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,! entry 9 ! ,d+ di>y = t date /ates3 8,special exp]im5t on #f p]sons accord+ to in/ructions ( ,,ss ,ob]fuehr] ,lectur] ,dr4 ,mrug[sky & ,,rkpa4 7,report on ?is orally470 ,kogon te/ifi$ t ,d+ told him ! ,russian prison]s ( w> us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts di$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,!y 7 lat] dissect$ & burn$4 ,d+ report$ to ,mrug[sky orally4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 connect$ ) ! poison bullet exp]im5ts 9 ! ,sa*s5haus5 conc5tration camp4 7,tr4 pp4 #aahe-aahf47 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky#fh 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 respect to ! poison exp]im5ts1 ,i prov$ 9 my writt5 /atem5t t ,d+'s ass]tion t ,mrug[sky _h ord]$ him to be pres5t at a eu?anasia kill+ by ph5ol is n correct4 ,pr(essor ,killian1 :o accord+ to ,d+'s /atem5t1 0 pres5t :5 ! ord] 0 giv51 said t ?is /atem5t ( ,d+'s 0 incorrect4 ,x %[$ t ! exam9ation ( ! "q ( :e!r ! noxi\s effect ( s]ums conta9+ ph5ol c be prov$ by ! comp>ative use ( s]ums ) & )\t ph5ol1 & also a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ) s]ums conta9+ ph5ol 0 nev] c>ri$ out4 ,! exp]im5ts ) p]vit9 7 c>ri$ out on ! initiative ( ,dr4 ,morg5 & ,dr4 ,wehn]1 accord+ to ! ,d+ di>y4 ,i prov$ t no h>m 0 caus$ to ! heal? ( ! exp]im5tal subjects by ^! exp]im5ts4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ ) p]vit9 :i* c be obta9$ 9 any *emi/'s %op )\t a prescription & consequ5tly is n a poison4 ,9 ! exp]im5ts x 0 us$ toge!r ) a n>cotic because ! au?ority want$ to det]m9e :e!r1 z a result ( ?is treatm5t1 ! effect 0 increas$ "o way or ! o!r4 ,! only effect 0 t ! exp]im5tal subjects fell into a di/urb$ sleep = up to #bj h\rs4 ,?is p]vit9 exp]im5t 0 n ord]$ by ,mrug[sky2 he did n p>ticipate !re9 9 any way1 & ! prosecution did n ev5 cont5d t he knew ( x4 ,no responsibility "u crim9al law may be d$uc$ aga9/ him f ?is exp]im5t4 ,) reg>d to ! special exp]im5t on #f p]sons m5tion$ 9 ,d+'s di>y1 x is aga9 solely ! witness ,kogon :o gave details4 ,9 my clos+ brief ,i po9t$ out t1 9 ?is case too1 ,kogon gave contradictory te/imony 9 ! ,pohl trial#fi & ! doctors' trial ab\t ! orig9 ( ?is exp]im5t4 ,?us 8 evid5ce has no probative value4 ,moreov]1 ,kogon's description ( ?is exp]im5t1 except = ! seal+ & ! burn+ ( ! prescription1 is only bas$ on ,d+'s /atem5ts4 ,9 respect to ?is special exp]im5t1 !re is no evid5ce :atsoev] to %[ ! type ( poison us$1 ! mann] 9 :i* ! special exp]im5t 0 p]=m$1 & ! aim ( ! exp]im5t4 ,aft] ! collapse1 ,d+ told ! def5dant ,siev]s t t[>ds ! end ( #aidd 9 ,bu*5wald he _h fill$ #hj phials ) prussic acid 9 ord] to commit suicide1 b he un=tunately took none ( !m ) him4 ,no "o c prove :e!r ,d+ c>ri$ out 8 8special exp]im5t0 ) ^! prussic acid capsules because ,d+ left no report ab\t ! c\rse ( ! special exp]im5t4 ,! ,d+ di>y /ates t ! exp]im5t 0 p]=m$ by ord] ( ,mrug[sky & ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police ,(fice4 ,because ! di>y has su* little probative value1 ! tru? ( ?is cont5tion _c be prov$ by ?is docum5t alone4 ,no o!r evid5ce has be5 submitt$ to %[ t ,d+ poison$ #f prison]s by ord] ( ,mrug[sky4 ,!re=e !re is no conclusive evid5ce to prove t ,mrug[sky ord]$ ?is exp]im5t or t he ev5 knew ab\t x4 ,! prosecution fur!r indict$ ,mrug[sky because ( an execution p]=m$ at ,sa*s5haus5 9 :i* t5 b&its s5t5c$ to dea? 7 execut$ ) bullets poison$ ) aconit9e4 ,i h prov$ t ,mrug[sky att5d$ ?is execution only z ! usual doctor pres5t at an execution4 ,i fur!r demon/rat$ t ! execution took place because1 9 an attempt on ! life ( a high-rank+ civil s]vant 9 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 ,russian revolv] ammunition _h be5 us$ 9 :i* holl[ bullets _h be5 fill$ ) aconit9e poison4 ,?is use ( poison$ ,russian bullets1 & ,h5d]son's book :i* describ$ ! prep>ation = ! use ( poison$ bullets 9 ! ,fir/ ,_w ,w>1 _h increas$ ! conc]n t poison$ bullets w\ld %ortly be us$ at ! front4 ,i prov$ t poison$ ammunition 0 us$ at ! execution to det]m9e :e!r pure aconit9e or a poison mixture _h be5 us$ 9 ! bullets1 & h[ mu* "t w\ld be available 9 case ( ne$ to adm9i/] antidotes4 ,i prov$ t all executions 9 ! conc5tration camps 7 ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police ,(fice1 & t ! pres5ce ( a doctor at su* executions 0 prescrib$4 ,! execution at ,sa*s5haus5 0 ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police ,(fice4 ,no *>ge "u crim9al law c be d$uc$ aga9/ ,mrug[sky f 8 att5dance z a doctor at ! execution4 ,i h expla9$ ?is 9 detail 9 my clos+ brief4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,pros4 ,ex4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#bja #bij ,report f ,mrug[sky to ! ,crim9ological #fce ,in/itute1 #ab ,septemb] #aidd1 conc]n+ exp]im5ts ) aconit9e nitrate projectiles4 ,te/imony ,extract f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,dr4 ,eug5 ,kogon #fcg ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bja ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bij ,,report ,,f ,,mrug[sky ,,to ,,! ,,crim9ological ,,in/itute1 #ab ,,septemb] #aidd1 ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,) ,,aconit9e ,,nitrate ,,projectiles ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police ,b]l9-,zehl5dorf #f1 ,! ,*ief ,hygi5i/ #ab ,septemb] #aidd ,j\rnal ,no43 ,secret #cfd_/dd ,dr4 ,mru4_/,eb4 ,spanis*e ,allee #aj-ab ,top ,secret ,subject3 ,exp]im5ts ) aconit9e nitrate projectiles ,to ! ,crim9ological ,in/itute ,/amp attn3 ,dr4 ,widmann ,b]l9 ,crim9ological ,in/itute ,dep>tm5t3 ,*emi/ry receiv$3 #ac ,sep #aidd ,j\rnal ,no4 g #ec_/dd 9 *>ge3 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,d+1 ,dr4 ,widmann1 & ! und]sign$1 exp]im5ts ) aconit9e nitrate projectiles 7 conduct$ on #aa ,septemb] #aidd on #e p]sons :o _h be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,! projectiles 9 "q 7 ( a #g4fe mm4 calib]1 fill$ ) cry/alliz$ poison4 ,! exp]im5tal subjects1 9 a ly+ position1 7 ea* %ot 9 ! upp] "p ( ! left ?igh4 ,! ?ighs ( two ( !m 7 cleanly %ot ?r\gh4 ,ev5 aft]w>ds1 no effect ( ! poison 0 to be obs]v$4 ,^! two exp]im5tal subjects 7 !re=e exempt$4 ,! entrance ( ! projectile did n %[ any peculi>ities4 ,evid5tly ! art]ia femoralis ( "o ( ! subjects 7 injur$4 ,a slight /ream ( blood issu$ f ! w\nd4 ,b ! ble$+ /opp$ aft] a %ort "t4 ,! loss ( blood 0 e/imat$ z hav+ be5 at ! mo/ ( a lit]1 & consequ5tly 0 on no acc\nt fatal4 ,! symptoms ( ! condemn$ ?ree %[$ a surpris+ simil>ity4 ,at fir/ no peculi>ities appe>$4 ,aft] #bj to #be m9utes a motor agitation & a slight ptyalism set 91 b /opp$ aga94 ,aft] #dj to #de m9utes a /rong] salivation set 94 ,! poison$ p]sons swall[$ repeat$ly1 b lat] ! fl[ ( saliva became s /rong t x c\ld n ev5 be ov]come by swall[+4 ,foamy saliva fl[$ f _! m\?s4 ,!n *ok+ & vomit+ set 94 ,aft] #eh m9utes ! pulse ( two ( !m c\ld no long] be felt4 ,! ?ird _h a pulse rate ( #gf4 ,aft] #fe m9utes 8 blood pressure 0 #ij_/fj4 ,! s\nds 7 extremely l[4 ,a r$uction ( blood pressure 0 evid5t4 ,dur+ ! fir/ h\r ( ! exp]im5t ! pupils did n %[ any *anges4 ,aft] #gh m9utes ! pupils ( all ?ree %[$ a m$ium dilation toge!r ) a ret>d$ light reaction4 ,simultane\sly1 maximum respiration ) heavy brea?+ inhalations set 94 ,?is subsid$ aft] a few m9utes4 ,! pupils contract$ aga9 & _! reaction improv$4 ,aft] #fe m9utes ! patell> & a*illes t5don reflexes ( ! poison$ subjects 7 negative4 ,! abdom9al reflexes ( two ( !m 7 also negative4 ,! upp] abdom9al reflexes ( ! ?ird 7 /ill positive1 :ile ! l[] 7 negative4 ,aft] approximately #ij m9utes1 "o ( ! subjects aga9 />t$ brea?+ heavily4 ,?is 0 accompani$ by an increas+ motor unre/4 ,!n ! heavy brea?+ *ang$ into a flat1 accel]at$ respiration1 accompani$ by extreme nausea4 ,"o ( ! poison$ p]sons tri$ 9 va9 to vomit4 ,to d s he introduc$ f\r f+]s ( 8 h& up to ! knuckles into 8 ?roat1 b nev]!less c\ld n vomit4 ,8 face 0 flu%$4 ,! o!r two exp]im5tal subjects _h already e>ly %[n a pale face4 ,! o!r symptoms 7 ! same4 ,! motor unre/ increas$ s mu* t ! p]sons flung !mselves up1 & d[n1 roll$ _! eyes & made mean+less motions ) _! h&s & arms4 ,f9ally ! agitation subsid$1 ! pupils dilat$ to ! maximum1 & ! condemn$ lay motionless4 ,masset] spasms & ur9ation 7 obs]v$ 9 "o case4 ,dea? occurr$ #aba1 #abc1 & #abi m9utes aft] entry ( ! projectile4 ,summ>y4 ,! projectiles fill$ ) approximately #ch mg4 ( aconit9e nitrate 9 solid =m _h1 9 spite ( only insignificant injuries1 a deadly effect aft] two h\rs4 ,poison+ %[$ #bj to #be m9utes aft] injury4 ,! ma9 reactions 7 salivation1 alt]ation ( ! pupils1 negative t5don reflexes1 motor unre/1 & extreme nausea4 ,signature ,,mrug[sky ,,ss ,lectur] ,ob]fuehr] & ,(fice ,*ief4 99 99 99 99 99 ,poison ,projectile ( a ,russian #g4fe ,calib] ,pi/ol ,c>tridge 7,p]spective view1 scale #aj3a7 ,illu/ration ,! projectile is cut op5 & ( ! lead core 7#a segm5t7 is remov$4 ,! lead seal at ! bottom ( ! projectile is n %[n 9 ?is illu/ration4 ,! section is cle>ly visible on ! "r half ( ! jacket ( ! projectile4 ,crim9ological ,in/itute ( ! ,security ,police ,dep>tm5t3 ,*emi/ry ,j\rnal ,no4 g #ae_/dd ,russian #g4fe mm4 ,calib] ,pi/ol ,c>tridge ) ,poison ,projectile 7,/amp on bottom ( c>tridge case3 ,geco7 ,illu/ration ,crim9ological ,in/itute ( ! ,security ,police ,dep>tm5t3 ,*emi/ry ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,eug5 ,,kogon#gj ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,d y "k any?+ ab\t exp]im5ts ) poisons 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp8 ,,witness ,,kogon3 ,i "k ( two su* cases4 ,! "o case 0 ab\t ! turn ( ! ye> #aidc-dd or 9 ! late fall ( #aidc1 & ! second case 0 probably 9 ! summ] ( #aidd4 ,9 ea* case ,russian prison]s ( w> 7 us$ = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,9 ! fir/ case v>i\s prep>ations ( ! s-call$ alkaloid s]ies 7 put into noodle s\p & adm9i/]$ to #dj ( ^! prison]s ( w> :o 7 9 ,block #df4 ,!y1 ( c\rse1 _h no idea :at 0 go+ on4 ,two ( ^! prison]s became s sick t !y vomit$1 "o 0 unconsci\s1 ! f\r? %[$ no symptoms at all4 ,!reupon1 all f\r 7 /rangl$ 9 ! crematorium4 ,!y 7 dissect$ & ! cont5ts ( _! /oma*s & o!r effects 7 det]m9$4 ,! exp]im5t 0 ord]$ by ! ,,ss c\rt1 by ! ,,ss inve/igat+ judge1 ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,morg54 ,x 0 c>ri$ out 9 ! pres5ce ( ,dr4 ,d+1 ,dr4 ,morg51 ,dr4 ,wehn]1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] & ,,ss judges1 & "o ( ! ?ree camp lead]s1 ,i d n "k :e!r x 0 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,s*ub]t or ,,ss lead] ,flor/$t4 ,! second exp]im5ts-- ,q4 ,witness1 be=e cont9u+ ) ! second exp]im5t1 ,i wond] if y c\ld tell ! ,tribunal ! reason :y ?is poison exp]im5t :i* y h j m5tion$ 0 c>ri$ out8 ,a4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aidc ! ,,ss c\rt 9 ,b]l9 0 try+ ! =m] comm&] ( ,bu*5wald & lat] comm&] ( ! ,lubl9 conc5tration camp 9 ,pol&1 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,ko*4 ,! trial 0 rea*+ its climax4 ,! inve/igation _h l$ to v s]i\s *>ges aga9/ ,ko*4 ,"h ,i mu/ m5tion t ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pr9ce ,waldeck1 !n head ( ! ,,ss ma9 di/rict ,ob]abs*nitt ,fulda-,w]ra1 0 p]sonally oppos+ ,ko*1 & x 0 m]ely ?is p]sonal antagonism ( ! two m5 :i* _h br\ght ab\t ! trial4 ,a man by ! "n ( ,koehl]1 a ,haupts*>fuehr] 9 ,bu*5wald1 0 arre/$ by ,dr4 ,morg5 & kept 9 cu/ody 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 ,?is ,haupts*>fuehr] seem$ to h te/ifi$ aga9/ ,ko*4 ,two or ?ree days lat] ?is ,haupts*>fuehr] ,koehl] 0 f\nd dead 9 8 cell4 ,a few h\rs be=e he _h be5 q heal?y4 ,he seem$ to h tak5 /rong poison4 ,dr4 ,morg5 cont5d$ t ,dr4 ,hov51 toge!r ) ! gu>d1 ,haupts*>fuehr] ,somm]1 _h kill$ ,koehl]4 ,koehl] 0 dissect$ 9 ! dissect+ room 9 ! pres5ce ( a sci5ti/ f ,j5a & two ( my comrades4 ,! head ( ! pa?ology section 0 also pres5t4 ,drugs ( ! alkaloid s]ies 7 f\nd 9 ! /oma* ( ! dead man4 ,! am\nt & ! specific type 0 n kn[n4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e ! fatal dosage ( poisons ( ?is type1 ! ,,ss c\rt ord]$ an exp]im5t on f\r ,russian prison]s ( w>4 ,?is is ! exp]im5t :i* ,i h j describ$ 9 ,block #df4 ,on #bj ,septemb] #aidc1 ,dr4 ,hov5 0 arre/$ on ,dr4 ,morg5's ord]s & rema9$ 9 ! cu/ody ( ! ,,ss c\rt until ! end ( ,m>* #aide4 ,i "k ! date exactly because on t ,saturday aft]noon ,dr4 ,hov5 came to ,block #ej on 8 motorcycle1 ask$ me ab\t ,dr4 ,d+-,s*ul]1 :o 0 n !re1 & w5t away aga9 q depress$4 ,half an h\r lat] ,i le>n$ f ! hospital1 ! prison]s' hospital1 t ,dr4 ,hov5 expect$ to be arre/$ himself4 ,q4 ,9 o!r words1 ,hov5 0 suspect$ by ,morg5 ( hav+ done away ) ! witness aga9/ ,ko*1 is t "r8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 w y expla9 to ! ,tribunal ab\t 8 second poison exp]im5t8 ,a4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aidd--;,i am n q sure ( ! exact date--,dr4 ,d+1 :o 0 already call$ ,s*ul]1 came f ,b]l9 at ! "t & told me t he _h a v unpleasant task to p]=m4 ,he said x 0 extremely secret & a few h\rs lat]1 )\t my hav+ ask$1 he told me details ab\t x 9 8 room4 ,i mu/ po9t out t at ?is "t !re 0 really no?+ at all private or (ficial1 t ,dr4 ,s*ul] w\ld n h told me 9 ord] to get my advice4 ,he realiz$ q cle>ly t ! cause ( ,national ,socialism 0 lo/4 ,he 0 only look+ = safety4 ,he said1 8,kogon1 c y see any way ( gett+ me out ( ?is affair8 ,i am suppos$ to te/ a poison "h on ,russian prison]s ( w>4 ,i h to report on x imm$iately4 ,x is a direct ord] f ,mrug[sky4 ,i don't "k h[ ,i c get out ( x40 ,he gave me ! prescription1 ! *emical =mula ( ?is poison1 & ,i 0 to put ?is prescription 9 an envelope & seal x 9 8 pres5ce4 ,9 my ha/e ,i 0 n able to read x4 ,x _h "s code "n4 ,i put ! prescription 9 ! envelope & only said to him1 because we 7 int]rupt$1 8,y "k my po9t ( view40 ,i mu/ add "h t 9 long conv]sations at night ,i _h tri$ to expla9 to him t 8 only way out 0 to d z mu* z possible = ! political prison]s1 b t 9 s]i\s cases he mu/1 z a human be+1 refuse to c>ry out ord]s :i* violat$ ! moral laws4 ,he laugh$ :5 ,i said t & repli$1 8,i "k y\r religi\s & moral ideas4 ,y "k ,i don't believe 9 any?+4 ,?is way is out ( ! "q = me2 all ,i c d is comply ) ! fir/ sugge/ion & collaborate ) ! political prison]s40 ,9 ?is poison case1 he w5t 9 great ha/e & excitem5t to ! camp lead]1 ,/urmbannfuehr] ,s*ub]t1 :om he _h in=m$ be=eh& by telephone1 & ! comm&]1 ,ob]fuehr] ,pi/]1 :o also knew ab\t x & !y all w5t--,i don't "k :e!r ! camp physician 0 also pres5t--at any rate1 !y w5t to ! crematorium1 n to ,block #df4 ,! ,russian prison]s ( w>1 aga91 f\r ( !m1 _h be5 tak5 !re into ! cell> ) ! #df hooks on ! walls on :i* ! p 7 /rangl$4 ,^! f\r ,russians 7 giv5 ?is poison4 ,i d n "k h[ x 0 adm9i/]$4 ,z ,d+-,s*ul] told me lat]1 !y di$ 9 a v %ort "t4 ,!n !y 7 dissect$ & cremat$4 ,dr4 ,d+ did n s5d a writt5 report on ?is matt] to ,b]l94 ,he told me he _h to report on x to ,mrug[sky orally4 ,d+ 0 n only excit$ ab\t ?is matt]1 b aft]w>ds he 0 also v secretive ab\t x4 ,he did n want me to talk ab\t x any m4 ,f indications 9 8 conv]sation ,i le>n$ t !re 0 "s connection ) exp]im5ts 9 ! ,sa*s5haus5 conc5tration camp ne> ,orani5burg :i* ,mrug[sky _h p]=m$ 9 ,d+'s pres5ce4 ,prison]s mu/ h be5 %ot !re ) poison$ bullets1 because ,d+ said t a ,russian prison] ( w> _h succe$$ 9 gett+ hold ( a knife & attack+ ,mrug[sky1 b t ! prison] _h be5 imm$iately ov]p[]$4 ,9 any case1 ,d+ did n want to h any?+ m to d ) ! matt]1 ev5 9 my pres5ce4 ,a %ort "t lat] ! prescription & ! seal$ envelope 7 burn$ by ,d+ 9 my pres5ce4 ,he held x ov] a c&le 9 my pres5ce & burn$ x4 ,i c\ld n f9d out :at ! cont5ts 74 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #fg ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,oswald ,pohl1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,v4 #fh ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ag ,july #aidg1 pp4 #aajdi-aajgd4 #fi ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,oswald ,pohl1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,v4 #gj ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #f1 #g1 #h ,jan #aidg1 pp4 #aaej-acjj4 ,see also te/imony ( def5dant ,mrug[sky1 sec4 ,,viii ,g1 vol4 ,,ii4 #aa4 ,,inc5di>y ,,bomb ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,g5zk51 ,gebh>dt1 ,mrug[sky1 & ,popp5dick 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ inc5di>y bomb exp]im5ts 7p>4 #f 7,l7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,! def5dants 7 acquitt$ on ?is *>ge4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! inc5di>y bomb exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its clos+ brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,popp5dick4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on page #fdj4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! clos+ brief = ! def5dant ,popp5dick4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #fda to #fdc4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #fdc to #fec4 b4 ,selection ,f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,popp5dick 99 99 99 99 99 ,inc5di>y ,bomb ,exp]im5ts ,/urmbannfuehr] ,d+-,s*ul] 7h]e9aft] ref]r$ to z ,d+7 c>ri$ out inc5di>y bomb exp]im5ts 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp betwe5 #ai & #be ,novemb] #aidc4 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg47 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! effectiv5ess ( ! drug ,r #ag & e*9ac9e o9tm5t & liquid = ! treatm5t ( phosphorus burns1 five exp]im5tal p]sons 7 delib]ately burn$ ) ignit$ phosphorus :i* 0 tak5 f an inc5di>y bomb4 ,! result+ burns 7 v sev]e1 ! victims suff]$ excruciat+ pa9 & p]man5t injury4 ,! drugs to be te/$ 7 manufactur$ at ! ,dr4 ,madaus ,works 9 ,dresd5-,radebeul4 7,tr4 pp4 #aahg-ij47 ,! report on ^! exp]im5ts 7,,no-#egi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhh7 0 =w>d$ by ,d+ to ! def5dants ,popp5dick & ,mrug[sky4 7,tr4 pp4 #aaeh1 #aahh47 ,! ,rese>* ,dep>tm5t 8,v0 7= ,vonk5nel7 9 ,leipzig 0 also int]e/$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts4 ,correspond5ce by ,d+ ) ?is dep>tm5t w5t ?r\gh ,popp5dick4 7,tr4 pp4 #aaeh1 #aage1 #abdg1 #abfg47 ,rese>* ,dep>tm5t 8,v0 0 a laboratory run by ,/urmbannfuehr] ,vonk5nel1 ) funds & mat]ial furni%$ by ,grawitz4 7,popp5dick #i1 ,popp5dick ,ex4 #h2 ,tr4 pp4 #eehi-eeib47 ,popp5dick 0 ! exp]t 9 ,grawitz' (fice responsible = ! "w ( t laboratory4 7,tr4 p4 #abfg47 ,?is te/imony ( ,kogon is corroborat$ by lett]s f ,vonk5nel to ,popp5dick & ,d+ to ,popp5dick conc]n+ typhus exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#aahb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dgg2 ,,no-#aahd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dgf2 ,,no-#aahe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dgh47 ,! latt] 0 actually typ$ by ,kogon = ,d+1 z c be se5 f ! file notation4 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,popp5dick 99 99 99 99 99 ,exp]im5ts ) ,inc5di>ies 99 99 99 99 99 ,evaluation ( ,evid5ce ,! prosecution que/ion$ ! witness ,kogon ab\t ! dispat* ( reports on exp]im5ts ) inc5di>ies4 ,he /at$3 8,! photos 7 plac$ opposite ea* o!r1 m\nt$ 9 an album1 describ$ 9 detail2 ! result s5t 9 two copies to ,b]l91 "o to ,pr(essor ,mrug[sky1 ! o!r--"h ,i am n q sure--to ,ob]fuehr] ,popp5dick4 ,i believe t ,ob]fuehr] ,popp5dick c]ta9ly receiv$ "o report conc]n+ ?is matt] because ,dr4 ,d+ int5d$ to publi% a diss]tation on ?is 9 a m$ical j\rnal40 ,! prosecution !n ref]r$ 9 ?is connection1 to ! entry 9 ! s-call$ ,d+ di>y "u #e ,janu>y #aidd 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg73 8,records dispat*$ to ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ) ! reque/ t !y be =w>d$ to ! ,dr4 ,madaus ,works40 ,! prosecution n[ ?\ght !y w\ld be able to connect ^! two pieces ( evid5ce ) "o ano!r & wants to prove f ?is t ,popp5dick receiv$ a regul> report1 ) photos1 on exp]im5ts ) inc5di>ies1 & ?us le>n$ ab\t crim9al exp]im5ts ) inc5di>ies 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,! def5se fir/ que/ion$ ! p]sons conc]n$ 9 ,leipzig1 9 ! =m ( affidavits1 ab\t ! previ\s hi/ory ( ! exp]im5ts ) inc5di>ies--! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,ko* f ! ,madaus ,works 7,mrug[sky #ajc1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #ig71 ! affidavit ( ,kir*]t 7,popp5dick #g1 ,popp5dick ,ex4 #i71 & ! affidavit ( von ,woyrs* 7,mrug[sky #aae1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #ajh71 all ( ^! make simil> reports on ^! ev5ts4 ,ea* "o ( ^! ?ree witnesses1 view+ ?is matt] f diff]5t angles1 0 able to te/ify "u oa? t ! correspond5ce betwe5 ,dr4 ,d+ & ! firm ( ,madaus did n pass ?r\gh ,popp5dick p]sonally1 & t ! rese>* section ( ,pr(essor ,vonk5nel also _h no?+ to d ) ! :ole matt] z f> z x took place 9 ,leipzig1 b t ! connections 7 some:at diff]5t 9 _m respects f :at might be conclud$ f ! /atem5t ( ,kogon4 ,= a p]son l ,kogon1 x 01 ( c\rse1 difficult to take 9 ! connections z a :ole1 z he only occasionally receiv$ lett]s :i* _h any?+ to d ) ! que/ions dealt ) "h4 ,on ! basis ( lett]s /ill available1 he c only draw c]ta9 retrospective conclusions today4 ,!re=e1 9 ! =mulation ( 8 /atem5ts1 he ex]cises a c]ta9 caution1 qualify+ 9 advance ?+s z !y happ5$ by rem>ks su* z 8,i believe10 8c]ta9ly10 & s on4 7,see also te/imony1 ,pohl trial1 #bb ,april #aidg2ga ,popp5dick #ba1 ,popp5dick ,ex4 #bj47 ,= ^! reasons ! phrase 89 ?is case ,i am n q sure10 relat+ to ,popp5dick's k ( illu/rat$ reports on inc5di>ies1 c only be tak5 z an indication ( ! fact t ,kogon did n want ,popp5dick to be *>g$1 ?r\gh 8 sworn te/imony1 ) ! k ( ^! reports1 ) photographs conc]n+ inc5di>ies4 ,popp5dick has def9itely decl>$ t he w\ld c]ta9ly h rememb]$ su* a report ) photographs if he _h receiv$ x4 ,9 ?is way !n1 ! unc]ta9 /atem5t ( ,kogon is confront$ by ! def9ite /atem5t ( ! def5dant1 :o c\ld n be accus$ ( any unreliability 9 ! c\rse ( 8 exam9ation4 ,! cont5tion ( ! def5dant is support$ by ! ?ree above-m5tion$ affidavits :i* fully confirm ?is4 ,kogon !n said1 h[ev]3 8,a report1 ,i ?9k 99 99 990--!n aga9 ) a c]ta9 limitation--8:i* ,ob]fuehr] ,popp5dick c]ta9ly receiv$ because ,dr4 ,d+ int5d$ to publi% a diss]tation on ?is 9 a m$ical j\rnal40 ,al?\gh ?is la/ /atem5t 0 made ) some:at m emphasis1 b /ill n ) complete c]ta9ty1 ! foll[+ comm5t c be made on x3 ,x is c]ta9 t ,kogon _h access to ! entire docum5t>y evid5ce z introduc$ 9 ?is trial be=e mak+ 8 /atem5t4 ,)\t d\bt he saw ! manuscript ( ! ,d+ publication on typhus 7,,no-#ehb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhf7 ) ! /amp ( approval 8by ord] ( ,popp5dick10 ev5 if he did n see x :ile /ill 9 ,bu*5wald dur+ 8 /ay 9 ! camp4 ,f ?is he ?\ght he c\ld d$uce t ,popp5dick mu/ be ! p]son responsible--9 spite ( ! words 8by ord]0--= ! approval ( sci5tific publications4 ,kogon knew f 8 "w 9 ,bu*5wald t ,d+ meant to publi% a pamphlet on ! treatm5t ( burns4 ,he !re=e took x = grant$ t ! only way ( gett+ (ficial p]mission 0 via ,popp5dick1 :]eas actually ,popp5dick au?oriz$ ^! reque/s & sign$ !m 8by ord] (0 9 e case only :5 giv5 special p]mission by ,grawitz4 ,nei!r ,kogon nor we "k :e!r su* a manuscript 0 ev] actually s5t 9 = publication4 ,ev5 if x 0 actually s5t 91 x is n c]ta9 t ,popp5dick _h to grant p]mission = its publication4 ,if ,popp5dick actually au?oriz$ ! publication ( su* a pamphlet 8by ord] (0--a fact :i* _c be prov$--!re is a #ajj p]c5t probability1 tak+ ! typhus manuscript 7,,no-#ehb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhf7 z an example1 t 9 su* a publication ! "q ( artificially inflict+ w\nds on human bodies w\ld n h be5 op5ly m5tion$ b w\ld h be5 j z c>efully veil$ z 0 done 9 ! manuscript conc]n+ typhus treatm5t4 ,x is q obvi\s1 ?\gh1 & ev5 ! prosecution w n dispute ?is1 t ,popp5dick o!rwise play$ no "p :atev] 9 ! inc5di>y bomb exp]im5ts1 & _h no contact ) ! au?orities responsible = !m1 su* z ! ,madaus ,works1 ,dr4 ,d+1 etc41 :]eby he might h be5 in=m$ ( :at 0 go+ on 9 ,bu*5wald also 9 reg>d to ^? inc5di>y bomb exp]im5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,pros4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#egi #bhh ,extracts f a report on ! f9d+s #fdd ( #b ,janu>y #aidd1 on a sk9 o9tm5t--,r #ag--;= phosphorus burns4 ,,no-#ajhj ,a1 #bai ,a1 ,e1 ,f ,exposures ( ! witness ,m>ia #ija ,e1 ,f ,kusmi]czuk :o und]w5t sulfanilamide & bone exp]im5ts :ile an inmate ( ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp4 7,see ,selections f ! ,photographic ,evid5ce ( ! ,prosecution47 ,,no-#ajhb ,a1 #bad ,a1 ,c ,exposures ( ! witness ,jadwiga ,dzido #ijc ,c :o und]w5t sulfanilamide & bone exp]im5ts :ile an inmate ( ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp4 7,see ,selections f ! ,photographic ,evid5ce ( ! ,prosecution47 ,def5se ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,def4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,mrug[sky ,mrug[sky ,ex4 ,extracts f ! affidavit ( ,udo von #fdg #aae #ajh ,woyrs*1 #c ,may #aidg1 conc]n+ exp]im5ts on combat+ injuries due to phosphorus inc5di>y bombs4 ,te/imony ,extract f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,eug5 ,kogon #fdh ,extract f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,mrug[sky #fea ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#egi ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bhh ,,extracts ,,f ,a ,,report ,,on ,,! ,,f9d+s ,,( #b ,,janu>y #aidd1 ,,on ,a ,,sk9 ,,o9tm5t--,r #ag--;,,= ,,phosphorus ,,burns ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,animals 99 99 99 99 99 ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,human ,,be+s ,i4 ,application ( ! phosphorus-ca\t*\c mixture & imm$iate removal-- #a4 ,) ,r #ag4 #ai ,novemb]4 ,! mixture 0 dropp$ on a smoo? spot ( sk9 on ! =e>m & imm$iately !reaft] wip$ (f ) a tampon dipp$ 9 ,r #ag4 ,r #ag quickly dissolv$ ! phosphorus & ! ca\t*\c4 ,subsequ5t *ecks %[$ a complete cessation ( phosphoresc5ce4 ,! spot ( sk9 %[$ an increas$ temp]ature until #ad ,decemb]1 z ! te/]s asc]ta9$ by plac+ ! backs ( _! h&s aga9/ x4 #b4 ,) ,cu,s,o#d4 #ai ,novemb]4 ,! mixture1 :i* _h be5 appli$ to a smoo? spot ( sk9 on ! =e>m1 0 remov$ ) a #b p]c5t solution ( copp]-sulphate4 ,!re appe>$ a blacki%-br[ni%1 /rongly visc\s mass ) a metallic %e5 :i*1 :5 rubb$ (f1 spread ov] ! entire exp]im5tation area4 ,aft] an initial =mation ( black smoke 7phosphorus fumes7 & a /rong gl[1 ! phosphoresc5ce1 because ( ! =mation ( a copp]-phosphate coat+1 ceas$ almo/ imm$iately4 ,x seems to be possible t phosphorus1 if x comes 9 contact ) small sk9 w\nds1 is assimilat$ into ! body by resorption4 ,?is spot ( sk9 likewise %[$ an increase 9 temp]ature until #ad ,decemb]4 #c4 ,) wat]4 #ai ,novemb]4 ,x 0 always possible to remove ! mixture f ! sk9 by wat]4 ,h[ev]1 9 ?is case pron\nc$ phosphoresc5ce la/+ sev]al m9utes & phosphorus fumes 7 to be obs]v$4 ,,ii4 ,light+ ( ! phosphorus-ca\t*\c mixture & treatm5t3 #a4 ,) ,r #ag4 a4 ,imm$iate ignition4 #be ,novemb]4 ,! mixture 0 appli$ to a sk9 area ( #f #c cm4 & imm$iately ignit$4 ,aft] burn+ = #bj seconds1 x 0 ext+ui%$ ) wat] & !n wip$ (f ) ,r #ag4 ,a burn appe>$1 ) a yell[i% induration ( ! sk94 ,lat] a ?9 scab =m$4 ,aft] #c days1 ! w\nd 0 treat$ ) liquid e*9ac9e4 ,on #aa ,decemb] ! scab fell (f2 ! surface ( ! w\nd 0 dry & rosy r$4 ,epi!lium =m$ v rapidly2 on #ba ,decemb] only #a_/e ( ! surface rema9$ )\t epi!lium4 ,on #bi ,decemb] ?is spot too 0 almo/ heal$4 #be ,novemb]4 ,! mixture 0 appli$ to a sk9 area ( ! same size 7#f #c cm47 & imm$iately ignit$4 ,x burn$ = #ee seconds until x w5t out by itself4 ,! burn$ spot 0 wip$ (f ) ,r #ag4 ,!re appe>$ a yell[i%-br[n burn :i* exhibit$ a cavity at ! proximal end & a bli/] at ! di/al end4 ,an ela/ic scab =m$4 ,on ! f\r? day ! w\nd 0 treat$ ) e*9ac9e o9tm5t4 ,!reupon1 on #c ,decemb]1 ! scab began to sl\gh (f2 on #aj ,decemb] ! w\nd 0 dry & clos$2 on #ac ,decemb] only ! edge ( ! w\nd /ill %[$ a scab & ! ma9 "p ( ! w\nd 0 cov]$ ) f9e granulation4 ,! w\nd cont9u$ to become small] until #bi ,decemb] )\t heal+ ov]4 b4 ,ignition aft] #cj seconds4 #ai ,novemb]4 ,! mixture 0 appli$ to #b sq4 cm4 ( sk94 ,aft] #cj seconds x 0 ignit$ & aft] burn+ = #dj seconds x 0 wip$ (f ) ,r #ag4 ,a dry burn appe>$4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ days a small o$emat\s swell+ develop$4 ,! w\nd 0 treat$ ) liquid e*9ac9e4 ,!reaft]1 ! swell+ subsid$ rapidly1 s t on #a ,decemb] !re rema9$ a cle>1 dry w\nd )\t necrosis4 ,subsequ5tly to ?is a broad zone ( epi!lization =m$ & by #bi ,decemb] ! w\nd _h heal$ ) ! exception ( #j4e sq4 cm4 /ill lack+ epi!lium4 #ai ,novemb]4 ,! mixture 0 aga9 appli$ to #b sq4 cm4 ( sk91 ignit$ aft] #cj seconds1 b treat$ ) ,r #ag only aft] burn+ #fj seconds4 ,"h too a dry burn appe>$1 h[ev] ) sev]e r$d5+ & pa9 9 ! surr\nd+ area4 ,! w\nd =m$ a necrotic coat+4 ,on ! ?ird day x 0 treat$ ) a #aj p]c5t solution ( cod-liv]-oil o9tm5t4 ,on #ai ,decemb] x 0 circumscrib$ & dry4 ,a sl[ epi!lization began4 ,lat] ! w\nd$ sk9 area became simil> to ! smoo? surr\nd+ area4 ,on #bi ,decemb] ! w\nd _h n yet heal$ ov]4 c4 ,application to a piece ( clo? cov]+ ! sk94 #be ,novemb]4 ,! phosphorus-ca\t*\c mixture1 appli$ to a piece ( clo? cov]+ ! sk9 0 ignit$4 ,sixty-sev5 seconds elaps$ be=e x _h burn$ itself out4 ,! piece ( clo?1 except = a small rema9d]1 0 c>boniz$4 ,aft] x 0 wip$ (f ) ,r #ag !re appe>$ on sk9 a burn ) a c5tral bli/] :i* lat] develop$ to a ?91 ela/ic scab4 ,aft] #c days ! w\nd 0 treat$ ) e*9ac9e o9tm5t4 ,until #c ,decemb] clean+ ( ! w\nd took place2 at ?is date x 0 dry1 rosy r$1 & clos$2 a f9e granulation cov]$ x4 ,!reupon rapid epi!lization began4 ,on #bi ,decemb] x 0 n yet heal$ ov]4 #b4 ,) ,cu,s,o#d4 a4 ,imm$iate ignition4 #be ,novemb]4 ,! mixture 0 appli$ to a sk9 area ( #f #c cm41 & imm$iately ignit$4 ,aft] burn+ #bj seconds x 0 ext+ui%$ ) wat]1 & !n wip$ (f ) copp]-sulphate solution4 ,dur+ ?is op]ation ! entire epid]mis sep>at$ f ! area ( ! w\nd4 ,an o$emat\s swell+ ( ! surr\nd+ area1 #ab #ac cm4 9 ext5t & a ?ick scab =m$4 ,treatm5t took place ) liquid e*9ac9e4 ,on #g ,decemb] ! necrosis began to sl\gh (f1 & gradual epi!lization took place4 ,on #ba ,decemb] "o-?ird ( ! area ( ! w\nd 0 /ill )\t epi!lium 7cf4 ,,ii_/#a_/;a_/aa74 ,on #bi ,decemb] ! w\nd 0 heal$ ov]4 #be ,novemb]4 ,! mixture 0 aga9 appli$ to a sk9 area ( #f #c cm4 & imm$iately ignit$4 ,aft] x _h burn$ itself out 9 #fj seconds1 ! burn$ area 0 wip$ (f ) copp]-sulphate solution4 ,a br[ni%-grey burn ) ?ick5+ ( ! sk9 appe>$4 ,! ?ick5+ develop$ to a /rong scab4 ,x 0 treat$ ) a #aj-p]c5t solution ( cod-liv] oil o9tm5t4 ,! surr\nd+ area rema9$ v r$ & pa9ful4 ,on #aj ,decemb] a subcutane\s suppuration appe>$ at ! edge ( ! w\nd4 ,consequ5tly ! treatm5t ) cod-liv] oil 0 replac$ by liquid e*9ac9e4 ,on #ac ,decemb] ! scab sep>at$ f ! great] "p ( ! w\nd1 b ! surr\nd+ area rema9$ m inflam$ ?an 9 ! correspond+ exp]im5t ) ,r #ag 7cf4 ,,ii_/#a_/;a_/bb74 ,! granulation 0 co>se & unev54 ,on #bi ,decemb] ! w\nd 0 n yet heal$ ov]2 epi!lization advanc$ only sl[ly4 b4 ,ignition aft] #cj seconds4 #ai ,novemb]4 ,! phosphorus-ca\t*\c mixture 0 appli$ to #b sq4 cm4 ( sk9 & left !re = #cj seconds2 !n x 0 ignit$ & aft] burn+ = #fj seconds wip$ (f ) copp]-sulphate solution4 ,a br[ni%-black visc\s mass =m$2 ! dry w\nd discolor$ to a blacki%-grey4 ,!reupon a ?ick cru/ =m$ & a consid]able o$emat\s swell+ ( ! area surr\nd+ ! w\nd develop$4 ,treatm5t took place ) e*9ac9e o9tm5t4 ,! swell+ subsid$ m sl[ly ?an 9 ! treatm5t ) ,r #ag 7cf4 ,,ii_/#a_/;b_/aa74 ,on #e ,decemb] ! w\nd 0 )\t necrosis1 ) a wide zone ( epi!lization4 ,on #bi ,decemb] x _h heal$ ov] except = #a sq4 cm4 lack+ 9 epi!lium 7cf4 ,,ii_/#a_/;bb_/aa74 c4 ,application to a piece ( clo? cov]+ ! sk94 #be ,novemb]4 ,! sk9 0 cov]$ ) a piece ( clo? #f #c cm4 to :i* ! mixture 0 appli$ & !n ignit$4 ,aft] x _h burn$ itself out 9 #eg seconds !re rema9$ ( ! piece ( clo? only small c>boniz$ remnants4 ,aft] be+ wip$ (f ) copp]-sulphate solution a yell[i%1 r /rong ?ick5+ ( ! sk9 appe>$4 ,! w\nd 0 treat$ ) a #aj-p]c5t solution ( cod-liv] oil4 ,a few days lat] little bli/]s appe>$1 :i* !n dri$ up on #e ,decemb]4 ,on #i ,decemb]1 ?ick5$1 %r$-l necroses began to peel (f1 & a d>k r$ surface ) r\gh1 unev5 granulations develop$4 ,! epi!lization progress$ only sl[ly4 ,on #bi ,decemb] ! w\nd 0 n yet heal$ ov]4 #c4 ,) wat]4 #ai ,novemb]4 ,! mixture 0 appli$ to a #b sq4 cm4 ( sk9 & ignit$ #cj seconds lat]4 ,aft] #de seconds ! fire 0 ext+ui%$ ) a damp clo? & ! burn$ spot wa%$ (f ) wat]4 ,a burn ( p>*m5t-l1 dry1 gre5i%-br[ni% appe>ance appe>$4 ,! w\nd 0 treat$ ) e*9ac9e o9tm5t4 ,on #c ,decemb] x 0 clean1 dry1 & )\t necrosis4 ,on #e ,decemb] ! epi!lization began1 :i* !n made rapid /rides1 s t on #bc ,decemb] ! w\nd1 9 contra/ to ! treatm5t ) a #aj-p]c5t solution ( cod-liv] oil1 0 consid]ably small]4 ,on #bi ,decemb] x 0 n yet heal$ ov]1 b 0 only half z l>ge z ! w\nd treat$ ) a #aj-p]c5t solution ( cod-liv] oil4 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,mrug[sky ,,docum5t #aae ,,mrug[sky ,,def5se ,,exhibit #ajh ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,udo ,,von ,,woyrs*1 #c ,,may #aidg1 ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,on ,,combat+ ,,injuries ,,due ,,to ,,phosphorus ,,inc5di>y ,,bombs 99 99 99 99 99 ,f #bj ,april #aidj to #ab ,febru>y #aidg ,i 0 ,high] ,,ss & ,police ,lead] 9 ,milit>y ,di/rict ,,iv & ma9 di/rict lead] ,ob]abs*nittsfuehr] 9 ,dresd54 ,9 ?is capacity ,i 0 responsible = measures c\nt]act+ ! damage caus$ by ! air w>4 ,i knew ,dr4 ,hans ,madaus1 co-p>tn] ( ! firm ,dr4 ,madaus ,co41 9 ,dresd54 ,he told me t exp]im5ts on ! combat+ ( injuries caus$ by phosphorus inc5di>y bombs 7 be+ c>ri$ on 9 8 laboratory ) rabbits4 ,on ! occasion ( an inspection ( ! :ole ph>maceutical lay-out ( ! firm1 ,i inspect$1 at 8 sugge/ion1 9 p>ticul> num]\s ho?\ses & also ! above-m5tion$ exp]im5ts4 ,z f> z ,i rememb] ,i inspect$ ! exp]im5ts once aga9 at a lat] date--at t "t ,i call$ 9 ,dr4 ,kir*]t z m$ical exp]t1 :o 0 ! physician ( ! ,high] ,,ss & ,police ,lead]4 ,! exp]im5ts seem$ to me to be s successful t ,i report$ ab\t !m to ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police ,dr4 ,grawitz2 t is1 ,i call$ 8 att5tion to ^! exp]im5ts on ! combat+ ( injuries caus$ by phosphorus inc5di>y bombs1 :i* 9 my op9ion 7 p>ticul>ly successful4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i d n rememb] ,dr4 ,d+1 :o1 z ,i h le>n$ only n[1 is suppos$ to h c>ri$ on exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald ) ! prep>ation ( ! ,madaus firm4 ,x is possible t :5 visit+ ,dresd5 he paid a brief visit to me ) ,kir*]t4 ,b ,i d n recall su* a visit4 ,i want to emphasize t ! exp]im5ts at ! ,madaus firm made a big impression ^u me1 because ,i saw t ! rabbits us$ 9 ^? exp]im5ts 7 treat$ v well4 ,! cont5t ( ! phosphorus inc5di>y bombs :i* 0 rubb$ onto _! sk9s & !n wip$ (f ) prep>ation ,r #ag did n seem to cause any k9d ( pa9 to ! animals1 because aft] !y 7 return$ to _! cage1 imm$iately aft] ! exp]im5ts1 !y imm$iately ate aga9 & did n %[ any signs ( discom=t4 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,joa*im ,mrug[sky is p]sonally kn[n to me4 ,he 0 n m5tion$ 9 any way nor did he p>ticipate 9 ! matt] ( inc5di>y bombs4 ,s9ce ,i "k him1 ,i w\ld c]ta9ly rememb] if he _h p>ticipat$ 9 any way at all or if 8 "n _h be5 m5tion$4 ,dr4 ,helmut ,popp5dick has also nev] be5 m5tion$ 9 any way 9 connection ) ?is matt]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,eug5 ,,kogon#gb ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,witness1 ,i _h j ask$ y :e!r or n y "k any?+ ab\t exp]im5ts conduct$ at ,bu*5wald ) ! phosphor\s cont5t ( inc5di>y bombs4 ,,witness ,,kogon3 99 99 99 ,z f> z ,i c recall1 ,i 0 told by ,dr4 ,d+ 9 ! spr+ ( #aidd t he _h be5 giv5 ord]s by ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,mrug[sky 9 collaboration ) ! firm ( ,madaus ,co4 at ,dresd5-,radebeul to c>ry out exp]im5ts on human be+s ) reg>d to ! effect ( a drug aga9/ ! cont5ts ( phosphor\s-ca\t*\c inc5di>y bombs4 ,i _h ! impression t ! idea = ?is exp]im5t _h come f ,dr4 ,d+ & _h be5 giv5 to ,dr4 ,mrug[sky by him1 & !n he _h obta9$ p]mission to c>ry out ?is exp]im5t4 ,on ! "p ( ! firm ,madaus1 negotiations 7 l$ by a c]ta9 ,dr4 ,ko*4 ,he _h a drug :i* he call$ ,r #ag & :i* 0 us$ by ! ,g]man population aft] attacks 9 :i* inc5di>y bombs 7 dropp$4 ,by way ( ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,ko* & ! high] police lead] ( ! ,dresd5 sector1 ! cont5ts ( phosphorus inc5di>y bombs 7 s5t to ,bu*5wald1 & f\r exp]im5tal subjects f ,block #df1 :o _h surviv$ o!r exp]im5ts1 _h ?is phosphorus liquid appli$ to _! =e>ms4 ,! :ole mass 0 !n ignit$ & 0 !n treat$ 9 v>i\s mann]s4 ,9 ! case ( "o exp]im5tal subject1 wat] 0 us$ 9 ord] to wipe (f ! liquid1 & 9 o!r cases a damp rag 0 appli$1 & 9 ! la/ case ,r #ag 0 appli$4 ,sev]al exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out on ^! f\r subjects4 ,9 "o in/ance ! drug ,r #ag 0 appli$ imm$iately aft] ! mass _h be5 ignit$2 9 ano!r in/ance1 aft] approximately five m9utes1 & 9 yet ano!r case1 aft] ?irty m9utes4 ,aft] ! mass _h burn$ ! arm1 s]i\s burns develop$ :i* 7 obs]v$ = two weeks aft]w>ds4 ,! exp]im5t 0 conduct$ by ! ,special ,section #e at ,leipzig1 & photographs 7 tak5 ( ! w\nds4 ,previ\sly exp]im5ts on animals _h be5 c>ri$ out 9 ,block #dj on rabbits4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ 9 ! same mann]1 & ! v>i\s results 7 also photograph$1 & ! photographs 7 comp>$ ) ea* o!r4 ,!n !y 7 put into an album ) exact descriptions & ! results 7 s5t to ,b]l9--two copies4 ,"o 0 s5t to ,pr(essor ,mrug[sky1 & ! o!r 0 s5t to ,ob]fuehr] ,popp5dick1 b ,i am n q sure ab\t t4 ,i believe t ,ob]fuehr] ,popp5dick mu/ surely h receiv$ a report on ?is matt] because ,dr4 ,d+ int5d$ to write an article ab\t ?is 9 a ,g]man m$ical j\rnal4 ,q4 ,n[1 y h m5tion$ an album report4 ,did y see ?is report8 ,a4 ,i p]sonally made ! report aft] hav+ x dictat$ to me by ,dr4 ,d+4 ,q4 ,i w ask y if ! docum5t :i* ,i w n[ h h&$ to y1 & :i* is ,docum5t ,,no-#egi1 is ! report on ^! inc5di>y bomb exp]im5ts :i* y h describ$4 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,i w ask t ! orig9al ( ?is docum5t be pass$ up to ! ,tribunal4 ,i didn't he> any answ] to ! "q4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,x is a c>bon copy ( ! report ) ! orig9al photographs4 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,i (f] ,docum5t ,,no-#egi z ,prosecution ,exhibit #bhh1 & ,i w ask t ! orig9al be pass$ up to ! ,tribunal = inspection4 ,i w ask t ! ,tribunal turn p>ticul>ly to page #ae & foll[+ ( ! exhibit itself4 ,y\r ,honor1 ,i ?9k y w\ld f9d ! pictures m easy to disc]n 9 ! orig9al docum5t4 ,page #ae & foll[+ are pictures ( burns on ! arms ( human be+s4 ,witness1 did y see any ( ! exp]im5tal subjects :o 7 burn$ ) ?is phosphorus8 ,,witness ,,kogon3 ,i p]sonally saw all ! exp]im5tal subjects because ?is exp]im5t 0 c>ri$ out 9 ! private room ( ,dr4 ,d+ 9 ,block #ej & 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute 9 ,block #ej4 ,! reason = ?is 0 t ! exp]im5t 9 ,block #df among ! exp]im5tal subjects t 7 locat$ !re1 & :o 7 de/9$ = o!r purposes1 w\ld h caus$ f> too mu* excitem5t4 ,q4 ,7 ^! burns v sev]e8 ,a4 ,z f> z ,i c recall !y 7 v sev]e 9 ?ree out ( ! f\r cases4 ,q4 ,did ! exp]im5tal subjects suff] any pa98 ,a4 ,kapo ,ar?ur ,dietzs* _h sugge/$ t ! subjects %\ld be giv5 an ane/hetic z soon z !y came into ,block #ej1 s t viol5t sc5es c\ld be avoid$1 & 9 ,block #ej1 :i* 0 completely diff]5t f ,block #df1 hav+ p]sons h&cuff$1 z 0 ! common practice 9 ,block #df1 0 to be avoid$4 ,x 0 l t at lea/ 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t1 b ,i only saw ! subjects4 ,i did n p]sonally witness ! exp]im5ts1 & ,i saw ! subjects be=e z well z aft]w>ds4 ,dur+ ! fir/ exp]im5t at lea/1 ! subjects 7 giv5 an ane/hetic1 & aft] ab\t half an h\r !y rega9$ consci\sness & compla9$ ( v sev]e pa9s4 ,y c\ld see t !y 7 really suff]+ v badly4 ,i mu/ confess t ,i p]sonally1 aft] hav+ look$ at ! photographs1 almo/ became sick4 ,q4 ,d y "k :e!r ! injuries :i* !y receiv$ are p]man5t8 ,a4 ,9 ! case ( "s ( ! w\nds1 x is completely impossible t !y w ev] become completely heal$2 v deep sc>s mu/ h rema9$ because ! w\nds 7 big & 7 z deep z two or two & a half c5timet]s4 ,q4 ,d y "k :e!r any ( ! exp]im5tal subjects di$8 ,a4 ,f\r p]sons 7 return$ to ,block #df1 & ,i d n "k any?+ ab\t ! future fate :i* await$ !m !re4 ,i especially d n "k if !y 7 us$ = fur!r exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,d y "k ! nationality ( ! exp]im5tal p]sons us$8 ,a4 ,no4 ,h[ev]1 all f\r wore ! gre5 triangle to signify t !y 7 habitual crim9als1 & !y 7 ,g]mans4 ,q4 ,& y /ate t ! purpose ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 to te/ c]ta9 *emical prep>ations ( ! ,madaus ,company 9 treat+ ! burns4 ,a4 ,yes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky#gc ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,flemm+3 ,n[1 ,i come to ! inc5di>y bomb exp]im5ts4 ,dr4 ,kogon dur+ 8 te/imony frequ5tly spoke ( an exp]im5t by ,dr4 ,d+ ) a phosphorus-ca\t*\c inc5di>y bomb1 & he said t y ord]$ ?is exp]im5t4 ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky3 ,i did n "k :o ord]$ ?is exp]im5t4 ,i f\nd out ab\t x only f ! report :i* 0 drawn up aft] ! exp]im5t _h be5 t]m9at$4 ,?is report has be5 put 9 evid5ce "h z a docum5t4 ,f ?is x c be se5 t animal exp]im5ts 7 also c>ri$ out4 ,i assume t ^! 7 n p]=m$ 9 ,block #df1 b 9 ,block #ej1 :i* 0 "u my sup]vision4 ,i w5t ) ! report to ,grawitz & ask$ him if he knew any m ab\t ?is matt]4 ,i ask$ him if ,i 0 correct 9 my assumption t "s ( ! exp]im5ts took place 9 ,block #ej & if s1 to tell ,dr4 ,d+ 9 future to conf9e himself to 8 ,block #df 9 su* matt]s1 :i* 0 directly "u ,grawitz4 ,grawitz answ]$ !reupon t x did n make any diff]5ce "o way or ! o!r1 & ,i %\ld n be s fussy4 ,i also "k t aft] a few weeks ,d+ 0 look+ = ?is report & call$ me up & ask$ me if ,i _h x4 ,i no long] _h x at t "t z ,i _h giv5 x to ,grawitz1 & x 0 9 8 files :]e x belong$4 ,q4 ,kogon also te/ifi$ t ! exp]im5tal subjects _h suff]$ s]i\s pa9 & _h incurr$ w\nds f #b to #b4e c5timet]s deep1 :i* l$ to ! =mation ( ext5sive sc>s4 ,i %[ y n[ ,docum5t ,,no-#egi1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bhh & ask y to comm5t on ?is docum5t & ,dr4 ,kogon's te/imony8 7,! docum5t is h&$ to ! witness47 ,a4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is docum5t deals ) ! rabbit exp]im5ts4 ,9 ! second "p1 h[ev]1 !re are pictures ( exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,^! pictures %[ ! place on ! arm :]e ! exp]im5t 0 made4 ,kogon said t ?is burn+ 0 done 9 su* a way t ! mass ( phosphorus 0 burn+ = q a:ile4 ,! docum5t1 h[ev]1 proves exactly ! contr>y4 ,! l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* ! matt] 0 burn+ 0 n long1 b ! p]iod betwe5 ! "t :5 ! mixture 0 appli$ & ! "t x 0 ignit$ 0 long2 t is possibly ! reason = ?is misund]/&+4 ,moreov] 9 ! description ( ! individual cases1 x c be se5 t already on #bi ,decemb]1 9 o!r words f\r days aft] ! exp]im5t1 ! burn 0 almo/ heal$1 or _h greatly r$uc$ 9 size4 ,9 "o case !re 0 /ill an op5 w\nd ( #j4e c5timet] b !re is no m5tion any:]e ( any deep] w\nds1 b only ( purely sup]ficial epid]mal w\nds4 ,!re is con/ant m5tion ( ! fact t ! w\nds heal$ ov] nicely & 9 "s cases ! w\nd 0 completely heal$ f\r days aft] ! exp]im5ts4 ,w\nds #b c5timet]s deep1 or l>ge sc>s c\ld n h occurr$ & t te/imony ( ,kogon is false4 ,9 ?is case let me po9t out t he 0 n speak+ f 8 own k4 ,dur+ ! fir/ discussion ( ^! inc5di>y bomb exp]im5ts1 he said he _h se5 ! exp]im5tal subjects1 & !n 9 ! same int]rogation he lat] says ?is 0 n ! case4 ,9 o!r words1 he is report+ :at he has he>d & n :at he kn[s at fir/ h&4 ,q4 ,i am submitt+ to ! ,tribunal ,mrug[sky #ef1 & x w be ,mrug[sky ,exhibit #ej4 ,i %\ld l to read f page two3 8,treatm5t ( phosphorus burns ) #8,r #ag4' 8,! dropp+ ( phosphorus inc5di>y bombs made x necess>y to f9d an adequate me?od ( treatm5t4 ,z ! copp]-sulphate solution hi!rto 9 use did n give satisfactory results1 ! firm ( ,dr4 ,madaus 9 ,dresd5 look$ = a diff]5t solv5t & produc$ a liquid c>bon tetra*loride :i* 0 call$ #8,r #ag4' ,! efficacy ( ,r #ag _h be5 prov$ by means ( exp]im5ts on rabbits c>ri$ out by ! firm ( ,dr4 ,madaus4 8,aft] ! completion ( ^! rabbit te/s1 ,dr4 ,madaus ask$ ! ,high] ,,ss & ,police ,lead] von ,woyrs*1 ,dresd51 to come & see ! te/s4 ,z my em]g5cy (fice 0 9 ! build+ ( ,grupp5fuehr] von ,woyrs*1 he ask$ me to accompany him to ! firm ( ,madaus 9 my capacity z a doctor & to wat* ^! te/s4 ,t 0 9 ! autumn ( #aidc4 ,at ! reque/ ( ,grupp5fuehr] von ,woyrs* & ! firm ( ,madaus1 ,i report$ to ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police ! results a*iev$ by ! firm ( ,madaus 9 ! treatm5t ( phosphorus burns & sugge/$ t ! drug ,r #ag be made kn[n to ! air-raid precaution disp5s>ies4 ,grawitz promis$ to h ano!r te/ made4 8,"s "t aft]w>d he s5t ,dr4 ,d+ to ,dresd5 = ?is purpose 9 8 capacity z heal? exp]t1 & in/ruct$ me to make arrangem5ts = ,d+ to see ! results a*iev$ !re1 by ! firm ( ,madaus1 ) ,r #ag4 ,i arrang$ ?is4 ,d+ came to ,dresd5 & saw ! above-m5tion$ te/s 9 my pres5ce1 on ! premises ( ! ,madaus firm4 ,aft]w>d he decl>$ t1 on ! ord]s ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss 9 ,bu*5wald1 he w\ld also te/ ! efficacy ( ! drug on rabbits4 ,he reque/$ ! firm ( ,madaus to put ! drug ,r #ag at 8 disposal4 ,imm$iately aft] inspect+ ! firm ( ,madaus he left ,dresd54 8,i also "k t ,dr4 ,d+ ask$ ! (fice ( ! ,high] ,,ss & ,police ,lead] to procure = him ! fill+ ( an ,engli% inc5di>y bomb1 :i* z f> z ,i "k 0 done ?r\gh ! ,commission] ( ! ,police ( ,leipzig4 ,dr4 ,d+ _h ! drug ,r #ag & ! inc5di>y bomb collect$4 8,i also "k t ,d+ made a report on 8 exp]im5ts4 ,i "k ?is because ,dr4 ,d+ ask$ my (fice 9 ,dresd5 sev]al times1 9 writ+ & by telephone1 if !y _h ?is report1 z he c\ld n f9d x4 ,x 0 suppos$ to be a report ) photographs4 ,i d n "k if ! report w5t ?r\gh my (fice1 z ,i 0 9 ,dresd5 only "o day a week4 ,at ! "t :5 ,d+ 0 look+ = ! report x 0 n 9 my (fice4 ,i assume1 !re=e1 t he s5t x direct to ! firm ( ,madaus1 z !y 7 int]e/$ 9 ! results ( 8 te/4 8,:51 aft] a consid]able "t1 ,i /ill _h n he>d f ! ,rei* ,physician :e!r ! drug ,r #ag 0 to be made kn[n to ! air-raid precaution disp5s>ies1 ,i ask$ ! ,rei* ,physician ab\t x at a meet+4 ,he !n decl>$ t ! drug w\ld n be introduc$1 z x only possess$ phosphorus-dissolv+ prop]ties1 b did n directly contribute to ! heal+ ( ! burns4 ,h[ev]1 a drug 0 9 prep>ation else:]e t comb9$ bo? qualities & ?is w\ld be introduc$40 ,i submit fur!r ! la/ p>agraph ( ,dr4 ,morg5's affidavit4 7,mrug[sky #bc1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #bf47 ,dr4 ,morg5 says "h3 8,:ile ,i 0 mak+ obs]vations 9 ,block #df ,i paid repeat$ surprise visits 9 ord] to inspect ! runn+ ( ! ,block4 ,once1 :5 ,i paid a surprise visit to ,block #df1 exam9ations on ! treatm5t ( w\nds caus$ by phosphorus inc5di>ies 7 be+ c>ri$ out4 8,z ,i arriv$ a big /rong prison] came into ! room laugh+4 ,on ea* ( 8 two upp] arms !re 7 appli$ on a space ab\t #a c5timet] wide & #e c5timet]s long1 "s p>ts ( ! cont5ts ( a phosphorus inc5di>y bomb4 ,^! spots on bo? upp] arms 7 treat$ ) v>i\s o9tm5ts4 ,dur+ ! discussion ) ,dr4 ,d+ ,i 0 in=m$ t ! exp]im5tal p]sons volunte]$ = ! exp]im5t4 ,!y receiv$ ! diet = sick p]sons1 a packet ( cig>ettes1 & = "o mon? !y did n h to "w4 ,9 ! case ( ! inmate ^: treatm5t ,i witness$ by *ance1 ,i _h ! def9ite impression t he 0 a volunte]40 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #ga ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,oswald ,pohl1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,v4 #gb ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #f1 #g1 #h ,jan #aidg1 pp4 #aaej-abij4 #gc ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #bg1 #bh1 #ca ,m>* & #b1 #c ,april #aidg1 pp4 #ejjj-ebdd1 #eccd-edfd4 #ab4 ,,phlegmon ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! prosecution introduc$ evid5ce calculat$ to %[ t inhumane acts & atrocities1 z g5]ally alleg$ 9 p>agraph #f ( ! indictm5t1 7 committ$ 9 ! c\rse ( phlegmon exp]im5ts4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 n specifically describ$ 9 ! subp>agraphs ( p>agraph #f ( ! indictm5t :i* p>ticul>iz$ #ab specific types ( exp]im5tation4 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,popp5dick1 ,ob]heus]1 & ,fis*] 7 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! phlegmon exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its clos+ brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on pages #fed to #fee4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! f9al plea = def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #fee to #feg4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #feg to #ffi4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt 99 99 99 99 99 ,sepsis 7,phlegmon7 ,exp]im5ts ,sepsis exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp beg9n+ 9 ! autumn ( #aidb4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 ord] to te/ ! effectiv5ess ( bio*emical treatm5t ( sepsis & relat$ diseases4 ,! witness ,/oehr te/ifi$ conc]n+ ^! exp]im5ts4 ,he /at$ t sepsis 0 artificially provok$ by infect+ ) pus ! conc5tration camp inmates :o 7 us$ z subjects4 7,tr4 pp4 #egh1 #egi47 ,he knew ( at lea/ two s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,9 ea* ( ^! s]ies approximately half ( ! exp]im5tal inmates 7 treat$ by bio*emical means & ! o!r half ) sulfanilamide4 ,! fir/ s]ies consi/$ ( #bj ,g]man conc5tration camp inmates ( :om sev5 di$ z a result4 ,= ! second s]ies1 #dj cl]gym5 ( v>i\s nationalities 7 select$ & #ab di$ z a result ( ! exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 pp4 #eha1 #ehb47 ,! exp]im5tal subjects did n volunte]4 7,tr4 p4 #eij47 ,see also ! ,review ( ,proce$+s ( ! ,g5]al ,milit>y ,c\rt 9 ! case ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,weiss1 et al4 7,,no-#hef1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abe47 ,x is q cle> t ! bio*emical exp]im5ts p]=m$ 9 ,da*au 7 complem5t>y to ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts by ,gebh>dt 9 ,rav5sbrueck4 ,?is is %[n by ! fact t 9 ,septemb] #aidb1 :ile ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts 7 /ill 9 progress1 ,gebh>dt receiv$ a copy ( a report on ! bio*emical exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au f ,grawitz4 7,,no-#dji1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bdi47 ,?is report %[s on its face t approximately eight cases ( sepsis 7 artificially provok$4 ,! report dealt ) ! results obta9$ f exp]im5ts c>ri$ out on #dj conc5tration camp inmates 9 treat+ sepsis1 phlegmon1 furuncles1 abcesses1 & nephrosis1 among o!rs4 ,t5 ( ! exp]im5tal subjects di$4 ,! report also cov]$ ?ree sepsis cases 9 ,aus*witz1 all ( :om di$4 ,x conclud$ ) ! /atem5t t ! exp]im5ts 7 be+ cont9u$4 ,! case hi/ory ( "o ( ! exp]im5tal subjects artificially infect$ ) pus 9 ,novemb] #aidb %[s ! horrible pa9 :i* ^! victims suff]$4 7,,no-#iid1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bea47 ,t ! def5dants ,gebh>dt & ,fis*] _h m ?an a casual connection ) ! sepsis exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au is prov$ by a h&writt5 notation by ,gebh>dt on a lett] writt5 by ,grawitz to ,himml] on #g ,septemb] #aidb1 atta*+ copies ( ! prelim9>y report by ,gebh>dt on 8 sulfanilamide exp]im5ts1 toge!r ) ! report on ! sepsis exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au4 7,,no-#bgcd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dgc47 ,?is note reads z foll[s3 8#af ,septemb] #aidb4 ,settl$1 aft] conv]sation ) ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,f4 ,fis*] has be5 giv5 new in/ructions = ,rav5sbrueck & ,da*au4 ,gebh>dt40 ,emphasis suppli$4 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt#gd 99 99 99 99 99 ,phlegmon ,exp]im5ts ,9 ! c\rse ( ! he>+ ( ! evid5ce1 ! prosecution submitt$ docum5ts & int]rogat$ witnesses ) ! int5tion ( prov+ t ap>t f o!r m$ical exp]im5ts1 exp]im5ts 7 also c>ri$ out on ! treatm5t ( phlegmon4 ,9 ! indictm5t itself ^! exp]im5ts1 :i* 7 c>ri$ out at ,da*au1 are n m5tion$4 ,9 view ( ,article ,,iv ( ! ,ord9ance ( ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t = ,g]many1 :i* expressly /ates t ! indictm5t %\ld li/ ! c\nts 9 suffici5t detail1 x mu/ be assum$ t 9 ?is case a prop]ly made *>ge does n exi/4 ,z f> z ! p>ticipation ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt is conc]n$1 ! docum5ts submitt$ by ! prosecution %[ by !mselves t he _h no?+ to d ) ! execution ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,x 0 only lat] t he le>n$ ( ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out at ,da*au1 z unequivocally prov$ by ! lett] ( ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,dr4 ,grawitz to ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] ( #bi ,augu/ #aidb1 ref]r+ to ! bio*emical treatm5t ( sepsis1 :i* 0 submitt$ by ! prosecution z ,,no-#dji1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bdi4 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt le>n$ ( ^! exp]im5ts on #c ,septemb] #aidb1 on ! occasion ( ! visit ( ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,dr4 ,grawitz to ,rav5sbrueck 9 connection ) ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts 9 ?is camp4 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt wrote on ! m>g9 ( ?is docum5t ! rem>k 8se5 & read04 ,?is rem>k alone %[s t he c\ld only h le>n$ subsequ5tly ( ^! exp]im5ts1 & especially t he did n approve ( !m4 ,if x _h be5 ! contr>y1 he c]ta9ly w\ld h made "s o!r notation on ! docum5t1 z = in/ance1 8agre$01 or else he w\ld h %[n 8 approval 9 a simil> way4 ,on ! witness /& ! def5dant ,gebh>dt expla9$ 9 detail to ! ,tribunal :at 8 op9ion ( ^! exp]im5ts 04 ,^! exp]im5ts demon/rate unequivocally t !y 7 delib]ately initiat$ 9 ignorance (1 & 9 contradiction to1 ! recogniz$ rules ( or?odox m$ic9e4 ,z also demon/rat$ by ! evid5ce ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] did n con=m to or?odox m$ic9e b want$ to promote indep5d5tly "o pat5t solution out ( a v>iety ( sugge/ions & op9ions4 ,ne>e/ to 8 conception1 beside 8 incl9ation t[>ds !ories ( biological selection1 7 bio*emi/ry1 homeopa?y1 & mesm]ism1 i4 e41 ^? s*ools ( m$ic9e :i*1 contr>y to ! !ories ( or?odox m$ic9e d n combat c]ta9 symptoms ( a disease b by means ( ! s-call$ /imulation !ory want to br+ ab\t a *ange ( ! g5]al physical disposition4 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt1 :5 on ! witness /&1 cle>ly expla9$ ?is attitude ( ,himml]1 :i* among o!r ?+s result$ 9 rejection ( any criticism by or?odox m$ic9e1 rely+ exclusively on 8 bio*emical exp]ts4 ,! evid5ce1 h[ev]1 has fur!r %[n t aft] hav+ le>n$ ( ! lett] ( ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,grawitz ( #bi ,augu/ #aidb 7,,no-#dji1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bdi7 & ) ! object ( conv9c+ ,himml] ( ! futility ( ^! exp]im5ts1 ! def5dant ,gebh>dt himself p]=m$ exp]im5ts on pati5ts ) ^! bio*emical rem$ies 9 8 cl9ic at ,hoh5ly*51 & t he succe$$ 9 conv9c+ ,himml] ( ! inefficacy ( ^! rem$ies4 ,9 ?is connection ,i ref] to ! /atem5ts ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt himself & to ! affidavits ( ,dr4 ,ja$icke & ,dr4 ,brunn]1 :i* ,i submitt$ to ! ,tribunal4 ,:5 exam9+ ! legal conclusions :i* c be drawn f ! facts pres5t$ above1 we may arrive at ! foll[+ results3 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt did n commit any act :i* _h any causative connection ) ^! exp]im5ts4 ,he le>n$ ab\t ^! exp]im5ts only aft] ! ev5t1 & !n he did ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to prev5t fur!r exp]im5ts ( ?is k9d4 ,! prosecution 0 n able to produce evid5ce t su* exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out at all aft] #c ,septemb] #aidb4 ,all ?is proves t 9 view ( ! miss+ causal connection & abs5ce ( prem$itation !re _c be any "q ( crim9al action on ! "p ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,x is ackn[l$g$ 9 ! crim9al law ( all civiliz$ nations t k acquir$ aft] ev5ts is n suffici5t to prove ! exi/5ce ( a crim9al action4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,pros4 ,ex4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,no4 ,,no-#dji #bdi ,report f ,grawitz to ,himml]1 #bi ,augu/ #feg #aidb1 conc]n+ exp]im5ts ) bio*emical rem$ies conduct$ at ! ,da*au & ,aus*witz conc5tration camps4 ,,no-#bgcd #dgc ,extracts ( lett] f ,grawitz to ,himml]1 #g #ffj ,septemb] #aidb1 & report on gas gangr5e exp]im5ts4 ,te/imony ,extract f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,he9ri* ,w4 ,/oehr #ffd ,extract f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,gebh>dt #ffg ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dji ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bdi ,,report ,,f ,,grawitz ,,to ,,himml]1 #bi ,,augu/ #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,) ,,bio*emical ,,rem$ies ,,conduct$ ,,at ,,! ,,da*au ,,& ,,aus*witz ,,conc5tration ,,camps ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,b]l9 ,w #ae1 #bi ,augu/ #aidb ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police ,knesebeck/r4 #ej_/ea ,telephone3 #ibdbdi4ibdcea4ibdcgc4 ,/amp #ibddjf ,p]sonal ,/aff ,az43 #gch_/;,,iv_/#db ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,g #bac ,subject3 ,bio*emical treatm5t ( sepsis1 etc41 ) bio*emical rem$ies4 ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,h4 ,himml] ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa ,pr9z ,albre*t/rasse #h ,rei* ,lead]1 ,) reg>d to previ\s results ( bio*emical treatm5t ( sepsis & o!r cases ( illness1 ,i beg to submit ! foll[+ provisional report4 #a4 ,! foll[+ #dj cases 7 treat$ ) bio*emical rem$ies 9 ! ,,ss hospital ,da*au 9 ! "t m5tion$ 9 ! report4 ,besides septic processes1 su* diseases 7 treat$ :]e a decisive *ange = ! bett] %\ld be a*iev$ by means ( bio*emi/ry4 ,phlegmon\s-purul5t processes #ag ,sepsis #h ,furuncles & abscesses #b ,infect$ op]ational incisions #a ,mal>ia #e ,pleural empyema #c ,septic endoc>ditis #a ,nephrosis #a ,*ronic sciatica #a ,gall /ones #a ,accord+ to ! indications ( ! bio*emi/ry appli$ to ! diff]5t cases1 we us$ ! foll[+ rem$ies3 ,potassium phosphoricum ,d#f ,f]rum phosphoricum ,d#f & ,d#ab ,silicea ,d#f ,sodium muraticum ,d#f ,calcium phosphoricum ,d#f ,sodium sulfuricum ,d#f ,magnesium phosphoricum ,d#f ,sodium phosphoricum ,d#f ,calcium fluoratum ,d#f ,! cases ( sepsis 7 mo/ly artificially provok$4 ,up to n[ we f\nd t ! unfavorable c\rse ( ! sev]e cases c\ld sc>cely be /opp$ by means ( bio*emical rem$ies4 ,all sepsis cases di$4 ,! mal>ia cases 7 n influ5c$ by x4 ,! cases ( ext5d$ purul5t processes1 ) developm5t ( abscesses1 ! pleuralempyeata1 ! septic endoc>ditis1 ! nephrosis1 ! *ronic sciatica & ! gall /ones %[$ no def9ite influ5ce f bio*emical treatm5t4 ,ins(> z !y 7 conduct$ ) positive results1 !y did n %[ a diff]5t result f ! ones :]e1 accord+ to m$ical exp]i5ce1 pati5ts 7 re/rict$ to /ay+ 9 b$ )\t receiv+ any special treatm5t4 ,! impression ( a favorable effect on morbid cases ( sickness by bio*emical means prov$ to be satisfactory 9 five cases only1 f\r ( :i* 7 comp>atively slight4 ,! fif? case involv$ a #ag-;day-old *ild ) sev]e furunculosis4 ,9 ?is case an improvem5t set 9 only a few days aft] treatm5t _h be5 appli$4 ,h[ev]1 an error occurr$ 9 ! exp]im5tal proc$ure1 = at ! beg9n+ ( ! treatm5t a sulfanilamide prep>ation 0 us$4 ,! /rong =mation ( pus1 cle>ly noticeable 9 a few cases1 is p]haps due to ! bio*emical rem$ies appli$4 ,! doses ( sug>1 :i* 7 frequ5tly giv5 & ma9ly consi/$ ( pure milk sug> 9 ! =m ( bio*emical tablets1 probably promot$ ! effect4 ,exp]im5ts = ori5tation are to be made4 ,9 a case ( a jo9t m\ld ! antiseptic potassium phosphoricum ,d #f 0 giv5 z a prophylactic because ! incision ( ! op]ation 0 greatly endang]$ by infection4 ,9 spite ( t1 ! temp]ature rose to #ci on ! foll[+ day4 ,consequ5tly1 ! bio*emical treatm5t c\ld n prev5t appe>ance or break+-out ( an infection1 al?\gh potassium phosphoricum ,d #f 0 giv5 imm$iately & int5sively4 ,x is also to be not$ t v soon all ! s]i\sly ill cases flatly refus$ to take bio*emical tablets1 because x meant torture to !m to take ! tablets e #e m9utes1 ev5 at night4 ,f9ally x mu/ be said t f a total numb] ( #dj cases !re are #a positive case & #d positive cases ) c]ta9 res]vations1 aga9/ #ce failures1 ( :i* #aj end$ fatally4 ,! exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au are be+ cont9u$4 ,besides ! hi!rto exi/+ program1 special att5tion is direct$ to rese>* ( tw9 cases 9 simil> conditions1 ( :i* "o w receive an allopa?ical1 ! second a bio*emical treatm5t4 ,m>g9al note4 ,se5 at ,rav5sbrueck #c-i-aidb1 ,signature ,k4 ,,gebh>dt #b4 ,9 ! conc5tration camp ( ,aus*witz1 ?ree typical cases ( sepsis1 :i* develop$ f phlegmons1 7 treat$--accord+ to prescription--) potassium phosphoricum ,d #d4 ,9 none ( ^! cases a !rapeutical influ5ce on ! progress ( ! disease c\ld be obs]v$4 ,all #c cases end$ fatally4 ,! exp]im5ts are be+ cont9u$4 ,signature ,,grawitz ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bgcd ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #dgc ,,extracts ,,( ,,lett] ,,f ,,grawitz ,,to ,,himml]1 #g ,,septemb] #aidb1 ,,& ,,report ,,on ,,gas ,,gangr5e ,,exp]im5ts ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,b]l91 ,w #ae1 #g ,septemb] #aidb ,rei*s>zt ,,ss & ,police ,knesebeck/rasse #ej_/ea ,telephone3 #ibdbdi4 #ibdcea4 ,rubb] /amp #ibdcgc4 #ibddjf 7,p]sonal ,/aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,file ,no4 #gdh_/;,,iv_/#db ,ar*ives7 7,file ,no4 ,,ar_/#ca_/ac7 ,signature ,,gebh>dt ,subject3 #a4 ,exp]im5ts by ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gebh>dt on ! ,combat+ ( ,gas ,gangr5e4 #b4 ,exp]im5ts on ! ,treatm5t ( ,sepsis by ,bio*emi/ry4 ,enclosures3 -#b-,x ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,h4 ,himml] ,b]l9 ,rei* ,lead]3 ,atta*$ please f9d a provisional report by ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,gebh>dt on 8 cl9ical-surgical exp]im5ts at ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp1 fur!rmore a conclud+ provisional report on exp]im5ts on ! bio*emical treatm5t ( sepsis z p]=m$ at ,da*au conc5tration camp4 ,signature ,,grawitz ,rubb] /amp ,h&writt5 #af ,septemb] #aidb ,p]sonal ,/aff ,,rf-,,ss ,enclosures ,settl$1 aft] conv]sation ) ,93 #i ,septemb] #aidb ,,rf-,,ss4 ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,f4 ,j\rnal ,no4 ,,ar_/#dj_/g_/db #b ,fis*] has be5 giv5 new 8 ,,rf in/ructions = ,rav5sbrueck & ,da*au4 ,signature ,,gebh>dt ,copy6 ,rubb] /amp 7,p]sonal ,/aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,ar*ives7 7,file ,no4 ,,ar_/#ca_/ac7 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k4 ,gebh>dt ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] & ,brigadi] ,g5]al ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss ,to ! ,rei*s>zt ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,grawitz ,provisional ,report on ,cl9ical ,exp]im5ts at ,rav5sbrueck ,conc5tration ,camp = ,wom5 ,by ord] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,i />t$ on #bj ,july #aidb at ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp = wom5 on a s]ies ( cl9ical exp]im5ts ) ! aim ( analyz+ ! sickness kn[n z gas gangr5e1 :i* does n take a uni=m c\rse1 & ( te/+ ! efficacy ( ! kn[n !rapeutic m$icam5ts4 ,9 addition1 ! simple infections ( injuries :i* occur z symptoms ( w> surg]y _h also to be te/$1 & a new *emo-!rapeutic treatm5t ap>t f ! kn[n surgical measures _h to be tri$ out4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i appo9t$ ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,fis*] z co-work]4 ,,ss ,ob]fuehr] ,dr4 ,blum5r5t put ! complete surgical in/rum5ts & m$icam5ts at my disposal4 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,mrug[sky put 8 laboratory & co-work]s at my disposal4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,loll+1 ,*ief ( ,(fice ,,iiid at ,orani5burg1 assign$ z co-work]s3 ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,s*i$lausky1 g>rison-physician at ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp = wom51 & ,fraeule9 ,dr4 ,ob]heus]1 camp physician at ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp = wom54 99 99 99 99 99 ,! "q 0 to def9e fir/ly1 by way ( a prelim9>y exp]im5t1 ! mode ( infection1 mak+ use ( ! kn[n results f exp]im5ts ^u animals4 ,9 ^! que/ions ,i 0 advis$ by ,,ss lead]s ( ! ,hygi5ic ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss :o _h tak5 ov] ! culture & dosage ( ! inoculation mat]ial4 ,! po9t 0 to implant ! lymph cultures on ! damag$ muscle tissue1 to isolate ! latt] f atmosph]ic & humoral oxyg5 supply1 & to subject x to int]nal tissue pressure4 ,! inoculation proc$ure 0 z foll[s3 a longitud9al cut ( #aj c5timet]s ov] ! musculus p]oneus longus2 aft] incision into ! fascia ! muscle 0 ti$ up ) ! =ceps 9 an area ! size ( a five m>k piece2 an anaemic p]iph]al zone 0 creat$ by injection ( #c cc4 adr5al9 & 9 ! area ( ! damag$ muscle ! inoculation mat]ial 7a gauze /rip saturat$ ) bact]ii7 0 imb$d$ "u ! fascia1 subcutane\s adipose tissue1 & sk9 sutur$ 9 lay]s4 ,9 ! fir/ s]ies ( exp]im5ts 7prelim9>y exp]im5ts71 ?ree select$ prison]s ( z mu* ! same con/itution z possible 7 us$4 ,!y 7 inoculat$ z foll[s3 ,! fir/3 ,a]obic mixculture 7/aphylococci1 /reptococci1 bact4 comm4 try4 a #e ,mil74 ,! second3 ,p>a ,o$ema ,malignum1 s>c1 flav4 #d4e mg4 ,! ?ird3 ,bact4 ,fra5kel & e>?4 ,/imulus #d4e mg4 ,! exp]im5t 0 conclud$ aft] #aj days4 ,aft] an initial local swell+ 9 ! inoculation area & an increase 9 temp]ature up to #ci degrees1 ! inflammation di$ d[n1 ! w\nd hav+ brok5 op5 on ! f\r? day4 ,!re 0 no dang] to ! life ( any ( ! prison]s4 ,we succe$$ 9 produc+ locally ! symptoms ( gas gangr5e 9 ! ?ird prison]4 ,aft] #bj days ! prison]s 7 releas$ aga9 to _! work+ blocks4 ,! c\rse ( ! prelim9>y s]ies ( exp]im5ts _h prov$ t we 7 n successful 9 produc+ ! same symptoms z ( cl9ical gas gangr5e4 ,9 a conf]5ce ) ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss ! nature ( ! infection & ! conditions = ! g]ms 7 n consid]$ to be equival5t to ! natural conditions 9 w> surg]y & consequ5tly ! exp]im5tal arrangem5ts 7 v>i$4 ,bact]ium coli 7 add$ to ! acrobe culture & ! g]m numb] 0 increas$ to #bj millions4 ,bact]ium coli & dextrose 7 add$ to ! mixture ( p>a o$ema malignum4 ,bact]ium coli 7 add$ to ! gas gangr5e culture by ,fra5kel1 & :ile d\bl+ ! numb] ( g]ms1 e>? 0 adm9i/]$ to produce a simil> environm5t4 ,six select$ y\?ful prison]s 7 inoculat$ two by two ) ! above mixture ( bact]ia 9 ! subsequ5t fir/ exp]im5tal s]ies4 ,"o ( !m rema9$ untreat$ = control purposes1 ! o!r "o 0 p[d]$ ) cataxyn w\nd p[d] imm$iately aft] ! inoculation4 ,! fir/ *ange ( dress+ took place #c days aft]w>ds1 ! foll[+ ea* second day4 ,^? :o rema9$ )\t treatm5t 7 cov]$ ) /]ile lay]s1 ^? treat$ ) cataxyn 7indicat$ 9 ! graphs z ,,tk-cases7 7 cont9u\sly p[d]$ ) cataxyn4 ,! a]obe cultures 9 bo? cases %[$ local abscesses :i* c\ld be easily treat$ surgically4 ,! p>a o$ema malignum inoculation produc$ a local inflammation ) c5tral suppuration1 small =mation ( necrosis 9 ! dep? & mod]ate emphysem ( ! sk94 ,! regional lymphatic gl&s 7 n affect$4 ,^? prison]s :o 7 infect$ ) ,fra5kel's gas gangr5e1 & :o imm$iately receiv$ tetanus-antitox9 = ! adm9i/]$ e>?1 produc$ by f> ! /ronge/ inflammatory reaction3 abscesses ) deep necrosis 9 ! area ( ! inoculation1 emphysem ( ! sk9 ) =mation ( bli/]s1 & beg9n+ necrosis collat]al o$ema ext5d+ f above ! jo9t ( ! knee to ! l[] ?ird ( ! ?igh z f> z ! back ( ! foot4 ,! inflammatory appe>ances rec$$ consid]ably aft] ! op5+ ( ! injury on ! fir/ dress+ day4 ,! effect ( ! op5+ ( ! w\nd 0 p>ticul>ly significant 9 ! ,,tk-cases :i* />t$ inflammations 9 spite ( simultane\s !rapy4 ,great] pressure ( ! tissue due to oxyg51 lib]at$ by ! m$icam5t1 0 consid]$ to be ! reason = ! acc5tuat$ local inflammation4 ,comp>+ nontreat$ cases ) ! ,,tk-cases1 ! f9al critical obs]vation %[s3 #a4 ,imm$iate !rapy does n prev5t ! occurr5ce ei!r ( an ord9>y suppuration or ( a 8gangr5e04 #b4 ,! clean+ ( ! w\nd is fa/] 9 ,,tk-cases ?an 9 control cases4 #c4 ,! =mation ( fre% w\nd granulations occurs e>li] ) cataxyn4 #d4 ,! "p play$ by ! p>an*ymatic organs 7liv]1 kidneys7 is less important "u ! influ5ce ( cataxyn4 ,s9ce 9 ?is exp]im5t too def9ite gangr5e c\ld be produc$ cl9ically speak+1 yet its picture did n 9 any way correspond to ! "o kn[n 9 w> surg]y2 aft] fur!r consultation ) ! collaborators 9 ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ! vacc9e 0 *ang$ by add+ wood %av+s4 ,x is kn[n 9 bact]iological lit]ature t ! virul5ce ( ! bact]ia 9 ! exp]im5tal animal c !reby be consid]ably increas$4 ,! triple di/ribution 0 res]v$ = ! second s]ies ( exp]im5ts n[ 9 progress4 ,?ree prison]s 9 ea* gr\p 7 inoculat$4 ,"o p]son 0 left )\t treatm5t z control1 ! second 0 treat$ ) cataxyn z be=e1 & ) ! ?ird ! ,m>fanilprontalb9 p[d] manufactur$ by ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b5 0 employ$1 s9ce ?is 0 /rongly recomm5d$ by ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 ,! p[d] 0 appli$ accord+ to ! ,s*mick proc$ure4 ,?is exp]im5t is /ill 9 progress4 ,ev5 if z yet no?+ def9ite c be said ab\t ?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts x c already be /at$ t-- #a4 !re is no decisive diff]5ce betwe5 cases :i* are treat$ & ^? :i* are n treat$1 #b4 t op5+ ! w\nd1 9 addition to immobilization1 has prov$ ! mo/ effective means ( controll+ ! inflammation1 #c4 ! effect ( ! ,,mp p[d] seems at lea/ d\btful1 s9ce 9 ! ,,iii ,,tm case ! mo/ def9ite gangr5e obs]v$ up to n[ has develop$4 ,we are n[ inve/igat+ ! problem z to :y ! gangr5e 9 ! pres5t case did n fully develop4 ,!re=e1 ! injur+ ( ! tissue & ! exclusion ( a muscle f ! circulation ( ! blood 7 und]tak5 dur+ a sep>ate op]at+ session1 & ! l>ge-scale necrosis result+ !refrom 0 to be inoculat$ ) bact]ia /ra9 :i* _h already _h "o human passage4 ,= x is only :5 ! really def9ite cl9ical picture ( ! gangr5e has appe>$ t conclusions may be drawn on !rapy ) *emo-!rapeutics 9 connection ) surgical op]ations4 ,signature ,,gebh>dt ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,copy c]tifi$ correct ,b]l91 #g ,septemb] #aidb ,signature ,,popp5dick ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,he9ri* ,w4 ,,/oehr#ge ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,witness1 did y ev] he> ( ! sepsis or phlegmon exp]im5ts at ! ,da*au conc5tration camp8 ,,witness ,,/oehr3 ,yes1 ^! exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ at my /ation4 ,q4 ,h[ did y ga9 y\r k ( ^! phlegmon exp]im5ts8 ,7 y an obs]v]8 ,7 y an assi/+ nurse1 or by :at way did y ga9 ! k y h ( ^! phlegmon exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,i 0 ! nurse at t /ation4 ,"o day1 ,i ?9k x 0 9 ! late summ] & fall ( #aidc1 a c]ta9 ,/urmbannfuehr] ,s*uetz came to me1 ) a ,/&>t5fuehr] by ! "n ( ,laue or ,lau]--,i am n q sure :i*--& inspect$ ! surgical dep>tm5t4 ,he 0 %[n a numb] ( pati5ts4 ,we _h to take _! b&ages (f1 & he exam9$ _! w\nds--or r1 he j look$ at !m v sup]ficially4 ,aft] t1 ! *ief physician ( ! conc5tration camp ,da*au1 ,dr4 ,walda1 0 call$ 91 & he receiv$ ! ord] to see to x t ! pati5ts receiv$ bio*emical treatm5t = "s "t4 ,q4 ,witness1 w y k9dly expla9 to ! ,tribunal 9 :at mann] ^! phlegmon exp]im5ts 7 conduct$2 t is1 ! details ( ! exp]im5ts8 ,:at did !y d to ! victim8 ,a4 ,ma9ly1 phlegmon 0 treat$4 ,x 0 v g5]al 9 ! camp4 ,t is to say1 phlegmon 0 ! typical camp disease4 ,! bio*emical treatm5t 0 c>ri$ out 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,?ree simil> cases 7 obs]v$4 ,"o ( ^! cases 0 giv5 allopa?ic treatm5t2 ano!r bio*emical1 & ! ?ird "o receiv$ only ord9>y surgical treatm5t4 ,t is1 ! ?ird "o receiv$ no drugs :atsoev]1 & ! w\nd 0 treat$ 9 an ord9>y way ) b&ages & s on4 ,^! 7 ! directives ( ! physicians :o 7 !re4 ,we saw on _m occasions t ! pati5t 0 cur$ mu* fa/] :o receiv$ no drugs or injections4 ,exp]im5ts ( t k9d 7 conduct$ = _m weeks1 & if ,i may z a layman make a judgm5t1 ,i mu/ say t ! physicians1 accord+ to my obs]vations1 7 n satisfi$ ) ^! exp]im5ts4 ,9 addition1 ,i h to emphasize t n only w\nds 7 treat$ accord+ to ^! me?ods1 b int]nal diseases1 too4 ,!y tri$ to f9d out :e!r bio*emical treatm5t 0 suitable = treat+ ! ?ir/ = wat]1 :i* 0 s frequ5t 9 ! camp4 ,we saw t ! bio*emical drugs _h no influ5ce :atsoev] z to ! cause ( ?is illness4 ,i emphasize t ,i am speak+ z a layman & t all ^! are my obs]vations4 ,dur+ ! fall1 ?is ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,s*uetz told ! camp doctor1 :o 0 nam$ ,babo1 to infect a numb] ( p ) pus4 ,we nurses 7 told no?+ ab\t t1 & we did n "k ! purpose4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ on a gr\p ( m51 & !y ext5d$ ov] a p]iod ( approximately six to sev5 weeks4 ,fir/ a gr\p ( ,g]mans 7 infect$ ) pus4 ,we nurses _h no idea ( ! cause ( ! illness1 & we gave ! pati5ts ! drugs t 7 ord]$ by ! physicians4 ,i emphasize aga9 t half ( ^! p receiv$ allopa?ic & ! o!r half bio*emical treatm5t4 ,z nurses1 we c\ld obs]ve ! foll[+ facts3 ,! pati5ts :o receiv$ allopa?ic treatm5t 7 cur$ mu* quick]1 t is1 if !y _h any p[] ( resi/ance to _! illness1 b ! pati5ts :o _h to take ^? pa?ological tablets1 if ,i rememb] correctly1 di$ ) ! exception ( "o p]son4 ,!re 7 approximately #bj p]sons :o1 at t "t1 7 infect$4 ,! second gr\p consi/$ ( #dj cl]gym5 ( all nationalities & bro!rs ( religi\s frat]nities4 ,^! pati5ts 7 select$ f ! block :]e ! cl]gym5 7 h\s$4 ,!y 7 select$ by ! ,*ief ,physician ,dr4 ,walda & 7 s5t to ! op]ational room ( ! conc5tration camp ,da*au4 ,!y 7 op]at$ on by ,dr4 ,s*uetz & ,dr4 ,kieselwett] ,kieselweck] 787 ,i ?9k t 0 8 "n--& ^! exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ on !m4 ,a numb] ( nurses1 & also ! p]sonnel ( ! op]at+ room1 & ,i myself1 saw h[ ! injections 7 made4 ,we 7 /&+ 9 ! ant]oom ( ! op]at+ room4 ,q4 ,witness1 w y expla9 to ! ,tribunal :at ! ^w 8phlegmon0 means8 ,a4 ,phlegmon1 z f> z a layman c answ] t "q--means an inflammation ( ! tissues1 & 9 ! camp ( ,da*au phlegmons 7 v num]\s because ! p !re 7 mo/ly s5t to ! hospital too late4 ,typical camp phlegmons1 z f> z ,i "k1 are caus$ by g]ms4 ,p]sons got phlegmons :o suff]$ f lack ( wat]4 ,q4 ,witness1 did y say t inmates 7 us$ = exp]im5ts 9 :i* !y 7 inject$ ) pus8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,did y see ^! injections ( pus be+ adm9i/]$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,h[ 7 ! inmates to be us$ = ^! exp]im5ts select$8 ,a4 ,i didn't und]/& y\r "q4 ,q4 ,9 :at mann] did !y select ! inmates to be us$ = ^! exp]im5ts :i* dealt ) ! injection ( pus8 ,9 o!r words1 h[ 7 !y select$8 ,:at type ( prison]s8 ,:at 7 _! nationalities1 etc48 ,a4 ,!y 7 #dj p]sons com+ f ! s-call$ cl]gym5 block4 ,q4 ,7 ^! inmates us$ = ^! exp]im5ts ) injection ( pus heal?y inmates8 ,a4 ,completely heal?y & /rong m54 ,q4 ,y h told u t !y _h "o gr\p1 ! fir/ gr\p1 ( t5 ,g]mans4 ,h[ _m di$ 9 t gr\p8 ,a4 ,i believe t ! fir/ gr\p consi/$ ( t5 p ( :om1 z f> z ,i rememb]1 sev5 di$4 ,q4 ,n[1 y h told u ( a second gr\p ( #dj cl]gym54 ,h[ _m di$ 9 t gr\p8 ,a4 ,i h se5 a li/ ( ! survivors1 & accord+ to t li/1 #ab cl]gym51 or r bro!rs1 mu/ h di$4 ,q4 ,7 any prison]s ( w> us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,i don't "k :e!r !y 7 prison]s ( w> or n4 ,we c\ld n tell ! diff]5ce 9 ! camp ( ,da*au1 :e!r !y 7 prison]s ( w> or n2 at lea/ ,i c\ld n4 ,q4 ,7 ! victims us$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts treat$ by m$ical doctors aft] !y _h be5 inject$ ) pus8 ,a4 ,! op]ation 0 done by physicians4 ,q4 ,well1 aft] !y _h be5 infect$ ) pus :at k9d ( treatm5t 0 giv5 to !m8 ,a4 ,aft] ! injection1 ,/urmbannfuehr] ,s*uetz gave in/ructions to ! nurses t "o-half ( !m %\ld receive allopa?ic & ! o!r half biological treatm5t4 ,i emphasize t ! gr\p :i* receiv$ allopa?ic treatm5t _h special drugs1 ! s-call$ sulfanilamide drugs4 ,we _h ! impression t ! physicians want$ to prove t ! biological drugs 7 n suitable to cure su* a sev]e disease4 ,q4 ,!n y say1 ,witness1 t #ej p]c5t 7 treat$ ) sulfanilamide & ! o!r #ej p]c5t ) biological m$icants8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 aft] ^! injections ) pus1 did abscesses develop on ! inmate8 ,a4 ,! great] "p ( ^? :o 7 treat$ biologically1 or r1 all ( !m1 develop$ abscesses & v deep abscesses4 ,"s ( ! p]sons :o receiv$ allopa?ic & prophylactic treatm5t ) sulfanilamide _h no abscesses4 ,q4 ,did ! inmates :o endur$ ?is treatm5t suff] pa98 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,sev]e pa98 ,a4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 ! pa9 0 v sev]e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt#gf ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,seidl3 ,! next docum5t :i* ,i int5d to submit to ! witness is ,,no-#dji :i* has be5 submitt$ by ! prosecution z ,exhibit #bdi4 ,x is a lett] f ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,dr4 ,grawitz to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] dat$ #bi ,augu/ #aidb4 ,x ref]s to ! bio*emical treatm5t ( sepsis4 ,?is docum5t came to y\r k1 didn't x8 ,& ?is is %[n by a comm5t y wrote3 8,se5 at ,rav5sbrueck on #c ,septemb] #aidb4 7,sign$7 ,,k>l ,,gebh>dt40 ,did y "k be=eh& ab\t ! p]=mance ( ^! exp]im5ts & did y agree ) !m8 ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt3 ,i did n h any previ\s k ( ^! exp]im5ts1 & ) reg>d to ?is docum5t may ,i /ate some:at m 9 detail :at x %[s8 ,?is is a lett] to ,himml]1 dat$ ! end ( ,augu/1 & sign$ by ,grawitz4 ,x 0 nev] m5tion$ t ,i 0 to receive ?is lett] or t ?is lett] 0 to be r\t$ ?r\gh me4 ,x does n h any note f me to ! effect t ,i c\nt]sign$ x1 or 0 9 agreem5t ) x1 9 ?is =m4 ,x 0 also n discuss$ 9 ,b]l9 or ,hoh5ly*5 or 9 ! headqu>t]s1 b 9 ,rav5sbrueck1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 on #c ,septemb] :5 ?is discussion took place betwe5 ,grawitz & me1 because ( ! second gr\p ( our sulfanilamide exp]im5ts4 ,grawitz1 :o at t "t came 9 ord] to %[ u t he 0 n 9 agreem5t1 z f> z ,i c recall1 br\ght ?is lett] & ?is description along f ,da*au4 ,we !n discuss$ x 9 detail1 because on my "p !re 7 _m reasons = rais+ ! %>pe/ prote/ aga9/ x4 ,&1 may ,i po9t out h[ mu* c be se5 f ?is docum5t ab\t h[ ,grawitz plann$ to publi% exp]im5ts or to describe !m1 9 contra/ to my proc$ure at ! "t4 ,"u po9t 7#a7 x /ates1 8,,ss ,hospital1 ,da*au0 & x actually looks 9 g5]al z ?\gh ?is 7 a hospital report4 ,& mo/ ( ! case hi/ories also speak 9 favor ( t1 too4 ,= example1 ! ref]5ce on page #c to a jo9t pla/ic1 c]ta9ly is a big op]ation :i* c only be p]=m$ 9 a hospital4 ,on ! foll[+ page !re is 8artificially induc$ sepsis40 ,on ! second page1 8! cases ( sepsis 7 ma9ly artificially induc$40 ,!n on ! o!r side x is /at$ t 9 ! fatalities !re is no m5tion ( ! #h cases ( sepsis t 7 artificially induc$1 b ( #aj4 ,i prov$ to ,grawitz1 especially on ?is page1 t ! description he want$ to make ( a cam\flag$ mixture ( exp]im5ts & cl9ical results might lat] on be read by somebody sup]ficially1 & he w\ld come to ! ^w 8artificially induc$0 & w\ld n be able to decide4 ,!n !re 0 a fundam5tal po9t ) reg>d to all p]sons conc]n$4 ,?is 0 ! impracticability ( p]=m+ an exp]im5t 9 ?is e/abli%m5t4 ,!n on page #c x /ates t ! drugs 7 to be tak5 e five m9utes1 ev5 at night4 ,at ! "t ,i didn't ev5 ?9k ( giv+ ! report to ,grawitz1 aft] ,i _h f\nd out ab\t x by *ance4 ,i wrote 8read0 9 ! m>g9 & drew a logical conclusion ) reg>d to ,himml] & ,grawitz4 ,9 ?is connection ,i n only conclud$ ,grawitz' influ5ce on our exp]im5ts1 b ,i also ask$ ,himml] h[ ^! bio*emical exp]im5ts 7 br\ght ab\t4 ,i reque/ p]mission ( ! ,tribunal to p]mit me "h to describe :at ,himml] ?\ght ) reg>d to su* exp]im5ts1 & to %[1 !re=e1 h[ impossible x 0 9 c]ta9 cases1 9 spite ( obta9+ k1 to effect any *ange4 ,= a p]son :o has /udi$ s*ool m$ic9e x is impossible to believe t ?r\gh ! homeopa?ic adm9i/ration ( sulphur & phosphorus1 surgical case hi/ories1 z well z int]nal case hi/ories1 & metaboli/ic diseases c be influ5c$4 ,h[ev]1 9 m$ic9e "o c1 ( c\rse1 take a completely diff]5t po9t ( view1 & t is ! basic conception ( bio*emi/ry up to homeopa?y1 to :i* ,himml] completely adh]$4 ,& "h 9 two s5t5ces we h describ$ h[ all ! elem5ts :i* appe> 9 nature also h traces 9 ! human body4 ,n[1 if "o small trace ( an elem5t is lack+1 !n ! human be+ is susceptible to & suff]+ f "s disease or o!r4 ,! !rapy & me?od ( treatm5t by ! bio*emi/ is ! exact contra/ ( m$ic9e z practic$ by a p]son :o has /udi$ x at s*ool4 ,!y make te/ exp]im5ts on human be+s & discov] :at elem5t is lack+ 9 t human be+1 & no matt] f :at disease he is suff]+1 ! pati5t is treat$ ) m9imum doses ( ! elem5t :i* he lacks4 ,nev] 9 ! _w has x be5 possible = a typical s*ool practition] & a bio*emi/ to agree1 because !y want to treat ! human be+ completely 9 contra/ to ea* o!r4 ,f ?is example y c see n[ t :5 ,i w5t to ,himml] & said t x 0 madness = n only an exp]im5t to be p]=m$ on out-pati5ts1 b t also simultane\sly t5 or twelve diff]5t cases %\ld be treat$ ) ! same m$ic9e1 :5 ,i told ,himml] ?is1 he said t he _h "o ( ! mo/ exp]i5c$ bio*emi/s1 & a layman1 ,h]r ,laue ) him1 & t he 0 absolutely conv9c$ t ?is me?od ( treatm5t 0 correct4 ,himml] always attempt$ to discov] old-fa%ion$ popul> rem$ies4 ,9 spite ( my objection & 9 spite ( my pro( t my own surgical pati5ts w\ld suff] f x1 ^! exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ until ,i succe$$ 9 br++ ?is ,dr4 ,laue & ,dr4 ,kieselweck] f ,m>burg 7:o enjoy$ ,himml]'s complete confid5ce on ?is "q7 to ,hoh5ly*54 ,!re we p]=m$ a simil> exp]im5t toge!r on my pati5ts 9 ord] to %[ t ?is me?od ( treatm5t 0 impossible4 ,b ev5 9 ?is way ,i 0 n able to a*ieve my purpose ) ,himml]1 because aft]w>ds x 0 said we _h n appli$ ! drugs prop]ly1 & s on4 ,!re=e1 "o c conclude f ?is t x 0 n ! case t ,himml] adh]$ to "o c]ta9 m$ical concept1 & if "o accid5tally he>d ( an exp]im5t1 "o c\ld conv9ce him4 ,himml] ma9ta9$ a ho/ile attitude t[>d s*ool m$ic9e1 & f nature cures to bio*emi/ry he 0 accessible to e ?\ght1 & :5 ,laue conv9c$ him ( ! fact t ?is drug 0 ( decisive importance1 !n ! exp]im5t 0 p]=m$4 ,may ,i /ate 9 ?is connection1 t ! k ( ?is docum5t _h ! foll[+ ?ree results ) me3 t ,grawitz1 :o 0 ready to make compromises z is %[n "h1 did n all[ anyone to tell him any?+ at all ab\t ! sulfanilamide "q2 t ,i gave ,himml] cle> k ( ! false idea )\t be+ able to conv9ce him because ( 8 favorable attitude t[>d bio*emi/ry2 & t ! exp]im5t w\ld p]haps be discont9u$1 ma9ly on acc\nt ( subsequ5t exam9ations at ,hoh5ly*54 ,i %all give evid5ce ( ?is z soon z ,i receive ! appropriate te/imony ( witnesses4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #gd ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ae ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajhgd-ajiaj4 #ge ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ag ,decemb] #aidf1 pp4 #egd-eid4 #gf ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #aj ,m>* #aidg1 pp4 #ciha-dbef4 #ac4 ,,polygal ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! prosecution introduc$ evid5ce calculat$ to %[ t inhumane acts & atrocities1 z g5]ally alleg$ 9 p>agraph #f ( ! indictm5t1 7 committ$ 9 ! c\rse ( polygal exp]im5ts4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 n specifically describ$ 9 ! subp>agraphs ( p>agraph #f ( ! indictm5t :i* p>ticul>iz$ #ab specific types ( exp]im5tation4 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,h&los]1 ,blome1 & ,popp5dick 7 acquitt$ & only ! def5dant ,siev]s 0 convict$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! polygal exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its clos+ brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,blome4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on pages #fgj to #fgb4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! clos+ brief = ! def5dant ,blome4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #fgb to #fge4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #fge to #fhc4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,blome 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ord] to te/ ! effectiv5ess ( a blood coagulant 8polygal10 ,ras*] c>ri$ out exp]im5ts 9 :i* inmates ( ! ,da*au conc5tration camp 7 %ot4 ,ras*]'s uncle1 9 8 affidavit1 describes ! murd]\s exp]im5ts :i* 7 c>ri$ out by 8 nephew4 ,9 ,augu/ #aidc1 he visit$ ,ras*] 9 ,da*au &1 :ile ,ras*] 0 away f 8 (fice1 he saw a report :i* he describes z foll[s3 8,x ref]s to a report ab\t ! %oot+ 7execution7 ( f\r p = ! purpose ( exp]im5t+ ) ! hemo/atic prep>ation #8,polygal #aj4' ,z f> z ,i rememb] !y 7 a ,russian ,commiss> & a cret91 ,i d n rememb] :o ! o!r two 74 ,! ,russian 0 %ot 9 ! "r %\ld] f above by an ,,ss man :o /ood on a *air4 ,! bullet em]g$ ne> ! sple54 ,x 0 describ$ h[ ! ,russian twit*$ convulsively1 !n sat d[n on a *air & di$ aft] ab\t #bj m9utes4 ,9 ! dissection protocol ! rupture ( ! pulmon>y vessels & ! aorta 0 describ$4 ,x 0 fur!r describ$ t ! ruptures 7 tampon$ by h>d blood clots4 ,t c\ld h be5 ! only explanation = ! comp>atively long span ( life aft] ! %ot40 7,,no-#adbd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dfb47 ,?is evid5ce is corroborat$ by ! te/imony ( ! witness ,/oehr 7,tr4 p4 #ehg7 & ! affidavit ( ,pohl 7,,no-#jfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bba74 ,ev5 ! def5dant ,gebh>dt admitt$1 dur+ 8 te/imony1 t he knew t ,ras*] _h c>ri$ out blood coagulation exp]im5ts on conc5tration camp inmates :o _h be5 %ot = ! purpose4 7,tr4 pp4 #dbdj-a47 ,! evid5ce proves t ,blome collaborat$ ) ,ras*] 9 ! polygal rese>*4 ,?is collaboration began at lea/ z e>ly z ! middle ( #aidc 9 connection ) canc] rese>*4 7,,no-#dgc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bcg2 see also ,,no-#ech1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abb1 entries = #ah ,febru>y1 #g ,april1 #ad ,april1 & #bf ,june #aidc47 ,! def5dant ,siev]s /at$ 9 8 affidavit t3 8,blome also _h full k ( ! blood coagulation exp]im5ts at ,da*au4 ,he receiv$ reports f ,ras*] & %\ld h a complete k ( ^! matt]s40 7,,no-#dgc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bcg47 ,blome admitt$ t ,ras*] _h be5 commission$ by ,himml] to "w ) him 9 ! field ( blood coagulation4 7,tr4 p4 #dfdb47 ,"o ( ! collaborators ( ,ras*] 9 ! polygal rese>* 0 an inmate ( ! ,da*au conc5tration camp by ! "n ( ,rob]t ,feix4 ,by lett] ( #ae ,septemb] #aidc1 ,ras*] reque/$ ,siev]s to approa* ,blome1 s t ! latt] might arrange = ! release ( ,feix & = 8 re9/atem5t 9 8 =m] category z half-,aryan4 ,ras*] /at$ 9 8 lett] t 8,blome has giv5 me great hopes 9 ?is respect40 7,,no-#faa1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bci47 ,?is proves t ,blome 0 already collaborat+ ) ,ras*] on polygal rese>* 9 ! summ] ( #aidc4 ,obvi\sly1 ,blome w\ld n h put himself out to assi/ 9 ?is "w )\t kn[+ precisely :at _h be5 done to te/ polygal4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( #aidc1 ,ras*] & ,dr4 ,haf]kamp wrote a pap] on polygal4 ,?is pap] draws a cle> di/9ction betwe5 exp]im5ts on human be+s to te/ ! effect ( polygal & cl9ical te/s4 ,x /ates t3 8,be=e we tri$ ! cl9ical use ( ! drug & _h x prob$1 x 0 te/$ on human be+s by ?or\gh exp]im5ts z to its influ5ce on ! p]iod ( clott+ & ble$+40 ,curves 7 includ$ to %[ ! reaction ( polygal on clott+ & ble$+4 ,lat] on1 ! pap] discusses cl9ical obs]vations dur+ op]ations4 7,,no-#dch1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bdj47 ,! exp]im5ts m5tion$ 9 ?is pap] obvi\sly are ! ones dur+ :i* inmates 7 %ot4 ,!y 7 n s describ$ 9 ! pap] because x 0 writt5 = publication4 ,blome te/ifi$ t ! only exp]im5ts he knew ab\t 7 ones :]e "o cubic c5timet] ( blood 0 )drawn to see h[ fa/ x w\ld coagulate 9 a te/ tube4 7,tr4 p4 #dfdc47 ,su* te/s _c be describ$ z exp]im5ts4 ,x is impossible to conceive ( ,ras*]'s te/+ a blood coagulant to be us$ on soldi]s w\nd$ on ! battlefield 9 su* a mann]4 ,& ?is 0 bett] kn[n to ,blome at ! "t ?an x is n[ to ! ,tribunal4 ,he knew t ,ras*] _h conduct$ ! freez+ exp]im5ts ) resultant loss ( life4 ,he _h be5 in=m$ ab\t ! ,bu*5wald typhus exp]im5ts4 7,tr4 p4 #dfdj47 ,moreov]1 ?is devi\s explanation ( ,blome does n cov] exp]im5ts to te/ ! effect ( polygal on ble$+2 to te/ blood 9 a te/ tube cov]s only coagulation reaction1 n ble$+ reaction4 ,s he _h to add to ! implausible by say+ t ,ras*] once told him t he or ano!r doctor _h rubb$ ! upp] ?igh ( a p]son "u ane/hetic until x became bloody & !n te/$ ! efficacy ( polygal4 ,b ,blome said1 8,i didn't take ?is /atem5t ( 8 s]i\sly40 7,tr4 p4 #dfce47 ,! ?+ :i* _c be tak5 s]i\sly is ,blome's display ( ignorance ab\t exp]im5ts 9 :i* ! docum5ts prove he _h a direct p]sonal int]e/4 ,blome approv$ ! publication ( ! pap] m5tion$ above 9 ! ,muni* ,m$ical ,weekly ,mu5*5] ,m$iz9is*e ,wo*5s*rift4 7,tr4 p4 #dfci2 ,,no-#faf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bdd47 ,bo? ,grawitz & ,pohl rais$ objections to ! publication ( ! article because !y _h n be5 consult$ & because ,da*au #c ,k & human exp]im5tal subjects 7 m5tion$4 7,,no-#fad1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bde2 ,,no-#fae1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bdf47 ,bo? ^! m5 knew ( ! murd]\s exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ,ras*] to te/ polygal4 ,gebh>dt knew4 ,yet ,blome asks ! ,tribunal to assume t he 0 too naive to h kn[n2 t he didn't ev5 believe ,ras*] :5 he 0 told t he _h delib]ately rubb$ ! hide (f ( an inmate's leg to te/ polygal4 ,on #bc ,febru>y #aidd ,ras*] receiv$ a rese>* assignm5t on polygal f ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 7,,no-#fef1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bdg47 ,blome admitt$ t he issu$ ?is assignm5t4 7,tr4 p4 #dfcd47 ,siev]'s di>y reveals t on #a ,febru>y #aidd1 polygal production by ,ras*] 0 li/$ z a w> economy indu/ry by ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,on #bb ,febru>y ,siev]s _h a conf]5ce ) ,ras*] 9 :i* supply que/ions = ! production ( ?is drug1 exp]im5ts ( ,blome1 & ! polygal report = ! def5dant ,gebh>dt 7 discuss$4 ,on #bd ,febru>y ,siev]s _h a telephone conv]sation ) ,blome 9 :i* ,blome in=m$ him t ,himml] _h issu$ an ord] conc]n+ ,blome's "w 9 ,da*au 9 collaboration ) ,ras*]1 7#cedf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abc47 ,blome admitt$ t ,himml] reque/$ him to coop]ate ) ,ras*] on polygal rese>*4 7,tr4 p4 #deaj47 ,:5 ,ploetn] took ov] ,ras*]'s "w on #ca ,m>* 7,tr4 p4 #igc71 ,blome cont9u$ 8 int]e/ 9 polygal z %[n by a telephone conv]sation ) ,siev]s on ?is matt] on #bd ,july4 7,tr4 p4 #igf47 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,blome 99 99 99 99 99 ,! "q ( polygal 0 f ! beg9n+ "o ( ! weake/ c\nts ( ! indictm5t aga9/ ,dr4 ,blome4 ,x is a rem$y to make ! blood clot & to prev5t p f ble$+ to dea? z a result ( w\nds inflict$ 9 battle or by op]ation1 or f injury due to excessive loss ( blood4 ,?is equally innocu\s & b5eficial rem$y 0 app>5tly made ! object ( a *>ge only because ,dr4 ,ras*] once ma9ta9$ t he _h kill$ f\r conc5tration camp inmates ) pi/ol %ots 9 ord] to try out polygal on !m4 7,,no-#adbd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dfb2 ,,no-#jfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bba47 ,b ,i believe t e intellig5t p]son mu/ h approa*$ ?is cont5tion ( ,ras*]'s ) ! /ronge/ di/ru/1 because "o _c try out a /yptic on a dead p]son1 & ,dr4 ,blome1 l o!r physicians1 has repeat$ly assur$ me t !y did n und]/& :at ,dr4 ,ras*] _h 9 m9d ) su* actions1 :i* ( c\rse _h no?+ to d ) 8exp]im5ts04 ,b ev5 on ! assumption t ^! /ories ( ,dr4 ,ras*] 7 true--t he _h actually kill$ "s conc5tration camp prison]s 9 ord] to 8exp]im5t0 on !m ) 8polygal0--by :at "r c ,dr4 ,blome be held responsible = ?is1 a man :o knew no?+ at all ab\t ^! crimes ( ,dr4 ,ras*]8 ,dr4 ,blome has be5 wait+ 9 va9 = evid5ce to be submitt$ by ! prosecution to prove t he 7,dr4 ,blome7 _h _h any?+ to d ) ^? actions ( ,dr4 ,ras*]1 t he _h at lea/ approv$ or at any rate _h "s k ( !m4 ,! docum5t pres5t$ by ! prosecution proves t ,dr4 ,blome c c]ta9ly n be held responsible = ! alleg$ %oot+ ( f\r conc5tration camp inmates by ,dr4 ,ras*]4 7,,no-#adbd ,pros4 ,ex4 #dfb47 ,?is murd] committ$ by ,dr4 ,ras*]1 if x 0 committ$ at all1 happ5$ be=e ,augu/ #aidc1 accord+ to ,docum5t ,,no-#adbd4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is mon? t ! witness ,fri$ri* ,k>l ,ras*] f\nd 9 ! writ+ table ( 8 nephew1 ,dr4 ,ras*]1 ! report on ! %oot+ ( ! f\r conc5tration camp inmates4 ,dr4 ,blome1 h[ev]1 he>d ab\t polygal = ! fir/ "t only dur+ 8 second visit to ,himml] 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb] #aidc2 be=e t "t ! matt] 0 unkn[n to him4 ,?is /atem5t by ,dr4 ,blome conc]n+ ! date is 9 agreem5t ) ! te/imony ( ,siev]s ( #aj ,april #aidg1 accord+ to :i* ! jo9t visit ( ,dr4 ,blome1 ,siev]s1 & ,ras*] to ,himml] took place 9 ! autumn ( #aidc4 ,f ?is x is evid5t t ! murd] ( ! f\r conc5tration camp inmates by ,dr4 ,ras*]1 if x has really any connection ) polygal1 happ5$ )\t d\bt at a "t :5 ,dr4 ,blome /ill _h no k ( ?is /yptic4 ,dr4 ,blome has rightly po9t$ out t x w\ld h be5 a completely incompreh5sible insanity to kill p only = ! purpose ( te/+ a /yptic at a "t :5 e day (f]$ an abundance ( mat]ial = ! obs]vation & /udy ( ! effect ( polygal 9 ! ?\s&s ( w\nd$ soldi]s & ( pati5ts op]at$ on at ! front z well z among ! civilian population4 ,9 ?is connection x is1 incid5tally1 q int]e/+ to le>n f ! int]rogation ( ! witness ,neff t he nev] saw or obs]v$ any su* 8exp]im5ts0 by ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,nei!r did ,dr4 ,ras*] tell ,neff any?+ ab\t !m1 al?\gh ,neff held a p>ticul>ly confid5tial position ) ,ras*] & o!rwise le>n$ mu* ab\t ,ras*] & 8 8exp]im5ts04 ,ev5 9 ! camp no?+ 0 said at ! "t ab\t ^! alleg$ 8exp]im5ts0 ( ,dr4 ,ras*] ) polygal1 al?\gh x c\ld c]ta9ly n h be5 & also did n h to be kept secret 9 ! camp if ,ras*] _h actually %ot f\r conc5tration camp inmates 9 ord] to c>ry out 8exp]im5ts0 on !m ) polygal4 ,^! facts ju/ify s]i\s d\bts z to :e!r ^? 8exp]im5ts0 ev] took place at all & especially :e!r !y h any?+ to d ) ! hemo/atic polygal4 ,9 reality1 polygal is an absolutely h>mless drug1 :e!r x is inject$ or tak5 9 tablet =m1 & ! use ( su* a drug 9 ?is =m c 9 no case be consid]$ a crim9al exp]im5t aga9/ humanity z specifi$ by ! indictm5t be=e ?is ,tribunal4 ,ev5 :5 adm9i/]$ by injection ) ! subsequ5t draw+ ( a few drops ( blood f ! exp]im5tal subject1 x is completely h>mless4 ,x does n cause any m 8pa90 ?an any o!r injection1 & ! :ole te/ ( ?is drug consi/s solely ( tak+ "o cc4 ( blood f ! ve9 ( ! s-call$ exp]im5tal subject4 ,?us we are n deal+ ) any exp]im5t ( ! k9d t c\ld be consid]$ crim9al because x causes sev]e pa9s or because x is dang]\s or = any o!r reasons4 ,besides1 ! concept ( 8crim9al exp]im5ts on human be+s0 has already be5 expla9$ at ! trial ( ,field ,m>%al ,mil*#gg by ! v]dict ( #af ,april #aidg2 ?is v]dict expressly limits ! range ( su* exp]im5ts to exp]im5ts 8:i* c\ld cause torture or dea? to ! exp]im5tal subjects40 ,?us "o _c1 9 ! pres5t proce$+s1 object to ^? exp]im5ts :i* _c ord9>ily be assum$ to cause dea? to ! exp]im5tal subject or be accompani$ by sev]e pa94 ,nei!r took place :5 polygal 0 adm9i/]$4 ,= ei!r x s]ves z a hemo/atic :i* c only be ( advantage to ! pati5t or1 9 ! rev]se case1 x simply has no effect4 ,polygal c nev] h any h>mful consequ5ces1 lea/ ( all cause any damage to heal?2 nor c\ld ?is be claim$ by ! prosecution1 = polygal is g5]ally us$ 9 surg]y n[adays4 ,& f9ally1 all ! p]sons :o submitt$ to polygal te/s 7 volunte]s4 ,dr4 ,blome1 h[ev]1 c\ld n prove ?is "h by int]rogat+ ! inv5tor ( ! drug1 ,feix1 because ! prosecution prev5t$ def5se c\nsel f exam9+ ,feix by transf]r+ ! latt] to ,da*au1 :5ce he lat] escap$4 ,! transcript ( ! int]rogation ( ,feix by ! prosecution 0 n submitt$ "h1 ev5 ?\gh ,feix _h told me p]sonally t he c\ld n und]/& h[ any blame 9 connection ) polygal c\ld be put on ,dr4 ,blome4 ,b ano!r witness1 namely ,walt] ,neff1 te/ifi$ "h on ! witness /& t ! exp]im5tal subjects on :om ! exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out _h volunte]$1 j z he himself _h done4 ,s9ce ,neff 0 produc$ z witness by ! prosecution1#gh ! latt] w h>dly want to decl>e ! te/imony1 sworn to by ,neff1 to be untrue4 ,! v]dict ( #af ,april #aidg aga9/ ,field ,m>%al ,mil* quot$ above1 /ates explicitly t m$ical exp]im5ts are puni%able only :5 c>ri$ out )\t ! cons5t ( ! subjects4 ,fur!rmore1 puni%ability presumes t ! exp]im5ts 7 a 8torture0 = ! exp]im5tal subject or jeop>diz$ 8 life4 ,bo? conditions obvi\sly d n apply to polygal4 ,?us "o comes to ! conclusion t x w\ld h be5 bett] n to m5tion )9 ! limits ( ?is trial subjects :]e ev5 ! close/ obs]v] has to look v c>efully to see :e!r he c\ld n possibly f9d any?+ to object to4 ,?is applies especially to ! report ( ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* 7,dep>tm5t ,ras*]71 on coagulation ( blood4 7,,no-#dch1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bdj47 ,9 ?is report1 ! au?or1 ,dr4 ,ras*]1 emphasizes ! importance ( 8,polygal #aj0 = combat troops & 9 op]ations & describes five op]ations :]e polygal 0 us$ ) good results4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ^? 7 five bona fide op]ations :i* 7 p]=m$ on pati5ts 9 an entirely legitimate way & :i* te/$ polygal's effectiv5ess 9 /opp+ ble$+s 9 an absolutely prop] mann]1 z x is usually done1 ) simil> drugs4 ,x is inconceivable h[ a conclusion ( illegal 8exp]im5ts0 c\ld h be5 drawn f t report4 ,"o ( ^! five legitimate op]ations1 by ! way1 is describ$ 9 a report by ! camp physician ,dr4 ,kahr1 dat$ #ab ,octob] #aidc #aj ,decemb] #aidc 7,,no-#fef1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bdg72 x does n (f] any basis = assum+ an 8exp]im5t04 ,9 ?is connection x is wor?:ile to note t ,dr4 ,blome himself1 9 8 affidavit ( #be ,octob] #aidf 7,,no-#dga1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bch71 "u section #h describes ! use ( polygal 9 cases ( 8battle w\nds & op]ations01 b deals ) 8exp]im5ts on human be+s0 only 9 ! next section1 #i4 ,!re=e1 ,dr4 ,blome knew f ! beg9n+ t polygal _h no?+ to d ) 8exp]im5ts on human be+s04 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,pros4 ,ex4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#adbd #dfb ,affidavit ( ,fritz ,fri$ri* ,k>l ,ras*]1 ,m4 #fgf ,d41 #ca ,decemb] #aidf1 conc]n+ ! life & activities ( ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*]4 ,,no-#dch #bdj ,report f ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y #fgf ,sci5tific ,rese>*1 7,dep>tm5t ,dr4 ,ras*]7 on 8,polygal #aj40 ,,no-#fef #bdg ,memor&um by ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,wolff1 #fhj #h ,may #aidd2 lett]s f ,dr4 ,kahr to ,ras*]1 #aj & #af ,decemb] #aidc4 ,te/imony ,page ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,siev]s #fhb ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#adbd ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #dfb ,,affidavit ,,( ,,fritz ,,fri$ri* ,,k>l ,,ras*]1 ,m4 ,d41 #ca ,,decemb] #aidf1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,activities ,,( ,,dr4 ,,sigmund ,,ras*] ,,affidavit ,i1 ,fritz ,fri$ri* ,k>l ,ras*]1 be+ duly sworn1 depose & /ate3 #a4 ,i 0 born on #ac ,augu/ #ahhh at ,kellmu5z_/,s*wab5-,neuburg4 ,i am a ,g]man citiz54 ,my pres5t civilian address is3 ,hamburg1 ,p>kallee #gh4 ,i att5d$ ! foll[+ s*ools3 #d ye>s public s*ool at ,augsburg1 #d ye>s ,/4 ,anna ,gymnasium at ,augsburg1 #b ye>s ,real-,gymnasium at ,augsburg1 & #d ye>s ( s5ior high s*ool at ,rav5sburg4 ,i graduat$ f junior college at ,rav5sburg 9 #aiji4 ,i /udi$ m$ic9e = #e ye>s at ,muni*4 ,i pass$ my /ate bo>d exam9ation 9 #aiad at ,muni*4 ,f #aiad to #aiag ,i work$ z g5]al practition]4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aiag ,i 0 draft$ into ! arm$ =ces1 rema9$ h[ev] at fir/ 9 ,hamburg 9 ! home gu>d res]ve & work$ at ! same "t z g5]al practition] until ,may #aiah4 ,f ,may #aiah until ,novemb] #aiah ,i 0 a m$ical (fic]4 ,s9ce ! end ( #aiah until n[ ,i h be5 a g5]al practition] 9 ,hamburg4 #b4 ,i am ! uncle ( ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*] & h always ma9ta9$ a pleasant family relation%ip ) my nephew4 ,i also 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! wife ( ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*]1 ,n9i ,ras*] nee ,diehl4 ,i also ma9ta9$ contact ) ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*] & 8 wife dur+ ! w> until ! arre/ at ! end ( #aidc or beg9n+ ( #aidd4 ,= ! reasons /at$ above1 ,i am 9 ! position to make ! foll[+ /atem5t3 #c4 ,:ile att5d+ ! w$d+ ( my nephew 9 ,muni* he told me t he _h be5 ask$ to take ov] a laboratory 9 ! conc5tration camp ,da*au by ord] ( ! ,luftwaffe & 9 connection ) ! ,ahn5]be4 ,?is (f] 0 made to him ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 wife & ,himml]4 ,he told me t ?is w\ld be a big *ance to "w free & undi/urb$4 ,at ! same "t he saw 9 x a *ance ( cont9u+ 8 exp]im5ts on blood cry/allization4 ,9 ^! exp]im5ts he 0 support$ by a relative ( 8 wife by ! "n ( ,fraeule9 ,lulu1 :o lat] committ$ suicide4 ,at t "t ,i advis$ my nephew aga9/ accept+ su* a job4 #d4 ,9 ,augu/ #aidb ,i he>d f my nephew 9 ,muni* t he _h tak5 ov] ! laboratory at ,da*au & t he w\ld "w !re ext5sively4 ,kn[+ ! great dilig5ce & ! ambition ( my nephew ,i 0 n surpris$ t he accept$ ?is job4 ,at t "t ,i drove ) my nephew by c> up to ! entrance ( ! conc5tration camp1 b did n ent]4 ,! only ?+ ,i he>d f my nephew at t "t 0 t he _h c>ri$ out high-altitude te/s on himself4 #e4 ,9 ,augu/ #aidc ,i 0 ) my nephew twice 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp4 ,! fir/ "t ,i w5t only to 8 private qu>t]s & did n see ! laboratory4 ,! second "t he %[$ me 8 laboratory & introduc$ me to 8 colleagues4 ,i /ill rememb] ! foll[+ names3 ,dr4 ,punz5grub] & ,dr4 ,feix4 ,i inspect$ ! *emical exploitation ( blood coagulation4 ,at t "t he also told me ( freez+ exp]im5ts4 ,he said t he _h c>ri$ ^! out on himself at fir/ & !n he introduc$ to me "o ( 8 colleagues :o _h volunte]$ ?ree times = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,if ,i rememb] rightly1 ,himml] is suppos$ to h be5 pres5t at "o ( ^! exp]im5ts & to h p>don$ ! man :o 0 condemn$ to dea?4 ,dur+ ! abs5ce ( my nephew1 ,i accid5tally f\nd ! foll[+ docum5t 9 8 desk3 ,x ref]s to a report ab\t ! %oot+ 7execution7 ( f\r p = ! purpose ( exp]im5t+ ) ! hemo/atic prep>ation 8,polygal #aj04 ,z f> z ,i rememb] !y 7 a ,russian ,commiss> & a cret91 ,i d n rememb] :o ! o!r two 74 ,! ,russian 0 %ot 9 ! "r %\ld] f above by an ,,ss man :o /ood on a *air4 ,! bullet em]g$ ne> ! sple54 ,x 0 describ$ h[ ! ,russian twit*$ convulsively1 !n sat d[n on a *air & di$ aft] ab\t #bj m9utes4 ,9 ! dissection protocol ! rupture ( ! pulmon>y vessels & ! aorta 0 describ$4 ,x 0 fur!r describ$ t ! ruptures 7 tampon$ by h>d blood clots4 ,t c\ld h be5 ! only explanation = ! comp>atively long span ( life aft] ! %ot4 ,aft] read+ ?is fir/ protocol ,i 0 s %ock$ t ,i did n read ! o!rs4 ,at ! "t ,i took a sample ( ! hemo/atic prep>ation f ! desk :i* ,i submit h]e) to ! files4 #f4 ,on ! way to ,muni* aft] ?is visit to ,da*au1 :i* 0 my la/1 ,i call$ my nephew to acc\nt4 ,he rav$ :5 he le>n$ t ,i knew ( ?is matt]4 ,aft] appeal+ to 8 consci5ce1 f ! sci5tific z well z f ! humane po9t ( view1 he broke d[n & cri$3 8,i d>e n ?9k1 ,i d>e n ?9k40 ,9 ,muni* my nephew & ,i cont9u$ ?is conv]sation dur+ ! :ole night4 ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*] admitt$ at ! "t t he 0 on ! wrong pa? b t he didn't see any possibility ( resign+ f x4 #g4 ,at ! end ( #aidc or beg9n+ ( #aidd ,i receiv$ a lett] f my nephew1 9 :i* he in=m$ me t he & 8 wife _h be5 arre/$ because ( illegal adoption 7& regi/ration7 ( a *ild4 ,?is lett] 0 accompani$ by a note by ,krim9alrat ,s*midt f ,muni* 9 :i* he in=m$ me t ,i %\ld contact him if ,i knew any?+ ab\t ?is matt]4 ,i wrote at ! "t to ,muni* t ,i consid]$ ?is to be impossible because ,i myself _h once se5 ,frau ,ras*] 9 a pregnant /ate4 ,i am a doctor & exam9$ h] myself4 ,t 0 be=e ! bir? ( ! second *ild2 %e 0 !n 9 ! #f? or #g? mon? ( pregnancy4 ,i wi% to add t ! fir/ son look$ v mu* l 8 fa!r & also _h simil> habits4 #h4 ,s9ce ?is occurr5ce 9 #aidc or #aidd ,i h n he>d f ei!r ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*] or 8 wife4 ,only 9 #aidf ,i le>n$ f v>i\s p t my nephew _h be5 %ot 9 ,da*au be=e ! arrival ( ! ,am]icans & t 8 wife _h be5 hang$ at ,rav5sbrueck or ,b]l9 on ord]s ( ,himml]4 ,i also submit to ! files ?ree pictures tak5 dur+ ! y\? ( ,dr4 ,sigmund ,ras*]4 ,all my nephew's docum5ts :i* ,i _h 9 my possession ,i burn$ 9 #aidd because ,i 0 afraid ( ! ,ge/apo4 ,i h read ! above affidavit 9 ! ,g]man language consi/+ ( #b pages & decl>e t x is true & correct to ! be/ ( my k & belief4 ,i 0 giv5 ! opportunity ( mak+ alt]ations & corrections 9 ! above affidavit4 ,?is affidavit 0 made by me volunt>ily1 )\t any promise or rew>d & ,i 0 subject$ to no compulsion or duress ( any k9d4 ,signature ,,ras*] ,hamburg1 #ca ,decemb] #aidf4 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dch ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bdj ,,report ,,f ,,! ,,in/itute ,,= ,,milit>y ,,sci5tific ,,rese>*1 7,,dep>tm5t ,,dr4 ,,ras*]7 ,,on 8,,polygal #aj0 ,h&writt5 ,mue4 m$4 ,wo4 ,s*ri4 deliv]$ #bj ,dec4 #aidc4 ,f ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* 7,dep>tm5t ,dr4 ,ras*]7 8,polygal #aj01 a hemo/at to be adm9i/]$ orally by ,dr4 m$4 ,s4 ,ras*]1 ,muni*1 & ,dr4 m$4 ,h4 ,haf]kamp1 ,walt]%aus5 7,?ur+ia74 ,a good hemo/at has to h ! foll[+ qualifications3 #a4 ,x mu/ be h>mless4 #b4 ,x mu/ be adm9i/]$ easily 7orally74 #c4 ,x mu/ n h an unpleasant ta/e4 #d4 ,x mu/ h a deep & long-la/+ effect on ble$+ & clott+ "t4 #e4 ,aft] ! effect we>s (f x mu/ be possible to adm9i/] ano!r dose )\t any dang]4 ,hemo/ats n[ on sale comm]cially meet ^! dem&s only p>tially4 ,no unobjectionable hemo/at is kn[n s f> :i* is 9 tablet =m1 durable1 unimpair$ by cold temp]atures & !re=e easily transportable4 ,b x w\ld be wor?:ile to produce su* a prep>ation ^: application w\ld h ! foll[+ important advantages3 #a4 ,x c\ld be giv5 prophylactically to ! combat troops be=e an attack & to air crews be=e action4 ,too great a loss ( blood c\ld be avoid$ t way :5 t5d+ to w\nds is delay$2 simil>ly x w\ld prev5t ! w\nd$ f becom+ incapacitat$ by delay+ ! loss ( blood4 #b4 ,be=e op]ations 9 :i* great] areal ble$+ is to be expect$1 x c\ld be us$ to keep ! op]ational region cle> ( int]f]+ ble$+4 #c4 ,p]sons hav+ a long blood clott+ "t c\ld b5efit ine/imably f su* a rem$y 9 cases ( tee? extractions1 etc4 #d4 ,9 sev]e cases ( lung or /oma* hemorrhage :i* _c be treat$ surgically at once1 su* a rem$y c\ld be life sav+4 ,we believe we h su* a rem$y 9 8,polygal #aj10 a prep>ation compos$ & te/$ 9 our in/itute1 :i* does fulfill ! above requirem5ts4 8,polygal #aj0 is a drug compos$ on a 8pect90 base2 its new me?od1 diff]5tiat+ x f o!r hemo/ats on a pect9 base is to be f\nd 9 ! activation ( pect9 be=e compos+ x into ! hemo/at4 ,be=e we tri$ ! cl9ical use ( ! drug & _h x prob$1 x 0 te/$ on human be+s by ?or\gh exp]im5ts z to its influ5ce on ! p]iod ( clott+ & ble$+4 ,! p]iod ( clott+ 0 occasionally e/abli%$ 9 %ort int]vals by #aj p>allel def9itions ( free fl[+ v5\s blood accord+ to ! me?od ( ,bu]ck]4 ,! p]iod ( ble$+ 0 measur$ by a /op wat* aft] a w\nd at ! e> _h be5 inflict$ by a 8,frankes*5 ,s*nepp]40 ,on ! enclos$ graphic *>t 7n reproduc$7 ! curves ( two exp]im5tal subjects are display$ 7exp]im5tal subjects ,nos4 #bjj & #bjg74 ,! dep? ( decl9e & ! duration ( effect correspond to ! av]age4 ,x is to be m5tion$ ) ref]5ce to ! curves t v>i\s p]sons 7 always us$ = ! exp]im5ts 9 ord] to avoid a possible accumulation ( effect by ! drug4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#fef ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bdg ,,memor&um ,,by ,,ss ,,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,,wolff1 #h ,,may #aidd2 ,,lett]s ,,f ,,dr4 ,,kahr ,,to ,,ras*]1 #aj ,,& #af ,,decemb] #aidc ,h&writt5 ,! ,prep>ation ( ,polygal ,wais*5feld_/,ob]frank5 #h ,may #aidd ,no4 #ace ,telephone ,no4 #b ,j\rnal ,no4 ,wo_/,he4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,p]sonal ,/aff ,(fice ,ahn5]be ,,summ>y ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,s4 ,ras*] ,,md4 0 assign$ ! foll[+ rese>* tasks by ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil3 99 99 99 99 99 #b4 ,on #bc ,febru>y #aidd ,j\rnal ,no4 ,rf #cgag_/dd;g ,code ^w3 8,polygal40 ,rese>* task = ! developm5t ( production me?ods = ! prep>ation ( ! hemo/at polygal4 ,priority ,,ss_/#dd ,wehrma*t ord] numb]3 ,,ss #daah-jcia_/dd ,rf #bhbi4 ,po9t #aa z an addition to ! task4 ,procurem5t ( supplies1 etc41 has a priority rat+ ,,ss #diej 7,gr\p ,i74 ,signature ,,wolff ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] 99 99 99 99 99 ,copy ,conc5tration ,camp ,da*au ,! ,camp ,physician ,da*au1 #aj ,decemb] #aidc ,subject3 ,adm9i/]+ 8polygal0 aft] amputation ( ! ?igh ( a #dj-ye>-old male pati5t4 ,to3 ,/abs>zt ,dr4 ,ras*] ,da*au ,on #aj ,decemb] #aidc ! effectiv5ess ( 8polygal0 9 ! case ( ! amputation ( ! ?igh 0 te/$4 ,! drug 0 adm9i/]$ p] os #de m9utes be=e ! op]ation & 0 plac$ 9 ! pati5t's m\? to be dissolv$4 ,a blood transfusion ( #ejj cc4 _h be5 made ! previ\s day 9 prep>ation = ! op]ation4 ,blood pressure on ! day ( ! op]ation 0 #ahj_/hj4 ,z reg>ds ! effectiv5ess ( 8polygal0 "o c say t x 0 absolutely evid5t h[ little ! tissues bl$4 ,aft] ! fir/ ru% ( blood f ! vessels :i* _h be5 cut1 :5 completely empti$ ( blood no m ble$+ occurr$ aft] ?is fir/ fl[ ( accumulat$ blood1 s t x 0 n necess>y to apply any ligatures to ! surface ( ! muscles & ! fatty tissues1 or ! subcutane\s tissues1 z _h always be5 ! case ) o!r amputations4 ,! effectiv5ess ( 8polygal0 mu/ 9 ?is case be describ$ z complete4 ,by ord]3 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,kahr ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,! ,fir/ ,camp ,physician1 ,conc5tration ,camp ,da*au 99 99 99 99 99 ,copy ,conc5tration ,camp ,da*au ,! ,camp ,physician ,da*au #af ,decemb] #aidc ,to3 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,ras*] ,da*au 8,polygal #aj0 0 us$ = #b h]niotomies4 ,! pati5ts 7 m5 ( #ce & #db ye>s ( age1 respectively4 ,9 bo? cases ! tablets 7 adm9i/]$ to ! pati5ts #dj m9utes be=e ! op]ation4 ,blood pressure be=e ! op]ation 0 #ace_/hj 9 ! case ( ! #ce-ye>-old pati5t & #ade_/hj 9 ! case ( ! #db-ye>-old pati5t4 ,bo? pati5ts tol]at$ 8polygal #aj0 )\t compla9t1 nor 7 !re any unpleasant accompany+ symptoms 9 ! /oma*4 ,x is to be said ( ! op]ation itself t ! loss ( blood 0 conspicu\sly slight 9 bo? cases4 ,z 9 ! case ( all prec$+ op]ations :]e 8polygal #aj0 _h be5 adm9i/]$1 x 0 only necess>y 9 ?is case1 to cut (f ! ble$+ f ! vessels4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 t ( ! #ce-ye>-old pati5t1 /rong] ble$+ f ! subcutane\s tissues occurr$ aft] ! sk9 _h be5 cut1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 /opp$ by m]e wip+1 s t 9 ?is case ! application ( clips to ! subcutane\s tissues 0 unnecess>y4 ,only aft] cutt+ ! crema/] 0 x necess>y to apply "s ligatures1 because !n "s small] vessels 7 pi]c$4 ,dur+ ! fur!r c\rse ( ! op]ation1 i4 e41 ! sep>ation ( ! h]nial sac f ! funiculus sp]maticus 7x 0 an indirect +u9al h]nia71 sev]al spots bl$ 9 ! beg9n+1 b ble$+ came to a /&/ill at once & ! use ( ligatures 0 sup]flu\s4 ,! same obs]vations 7 made 9 ! second case1 ! case ( ! #db-ye>-old pati5t4 ,hemo/asis by application ( ligatures 0 necess>y 9 only a few spots1 & ?is 0 always 9 ^? places :]e vessels _h be5 injur$ dur+ ! op]ation4 ,! favorable effect ( 8polygal #aj0 9 surgical op]ations consi/s n only 9 its caus+ slight ble$+ & prev5t+ great loss ( blood1 b also 9 t x makes possible consid]ably fa/] op]ations1 because ! applications ( clips & lat] ligatures always takes up a c]ta9 "t1 :i* c be sav$ by ! use ( 8polygal #aj40 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,kahr ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,siev]s#gi ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,weisg]b]3 ,! prosecution has submitt$ a s+le ,docum5t1 ,,no-#adbd1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #dfb4 ,?is is an affidavit ( ,dr4 ,fritz ,fri$ri* ,k>l ,ras*]1 :o is an uncle ( ,dr4 ,ras*]4 ,x becomes evid5t f ?is docum5t t ,ras*] 0 c>ry+ out fatal exp]im5ts on human be+s 9 connection ) ! developm5t ( polygal4 ,did y "k ab\t t at any "t8 ,,def5dant ,,siev]s3 ,no1 ,i he>d no?+ ab\t x4 ,aft] ,ras*]'s arre/1 h[ev]1 9 #aidd1 ! ,police ,presid5t ( ,muni*1 von ,eb]/e91 gave me a r excit$ description ( ?is crim9al ,ras*]4 ,he said t ,ras*] _h ev5 %ot at a human be+ 9 ord] to te/ 8 coagulat+ drug4 ,a confirmation ( ?is /atem5t c\ld n be obta9$ at t "t4 ,i didn't believe x at fir/ because s _m rumors 7 fly+ ar\nd ab\t him & 8 wife aft] 8 arre/--"o ( !m 0 t he remov$ 8 collaborator ,mus*l] by murd]+ h]4 ,ras*]1 incid5tally1 succe$$ 9 cle>+ himself ( ?is suspicion ( murd]4 ,aft] ev]y?+ has become kn[n ?r\gh ?is trial--ev]y?+ t ,ras*] has on 8 consci5ce--,i am r incl9$ to believe x4 ,uncle ,ras*]'s /atem5ts also reveal h[ secret ,ras*] kept 8 misde$s4 ,only by int]f]+ ) 8 nephew's desk did ,uncle ,ras*] ga9 k ( :atev] he is te/ify+ "h4 ,at ! same "t1 he confirms 9 8 /atem5t t 8 nephew 0 furi\s :5 he f\nd out ab\t 8 int]f]5ce4 ,q4 ,conclud+ ^! que/ions1 ,i put to y ,pohl's affidavit :i* is ,docum5t ,,no-#jfe1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bba4 ,i quote 7?is is on top ( page #c73 8,siev]s told me ! foll[+3 ,ahn5]be1 ( :i* ,siev]s 0 manag]1 0 develop+ a drug 9 ,da*au1 by ord] ( ,himml]1 :i* _h z its result ! quick coagulation ( blood4 ,he said t x 0 v important = fight+ units because x prev5t$ _! ble$+ to dea?4 ,! exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au1 dur+ :i* "o inmate 0 %ot at1 h prov$ ^! results40 ,did y tell ,pohl any?+ to t effect8 99 99 99 99 99 ,a4 ,i told ,pohl exactly :at ,i _h f\nd out f ,eb]/e94 ,z ,i already said1 ! developm5t /age ( polygal 0 already conclud$ :5 he receiv$ ,himml]'s ord] to take c>e ( ! production4 ,if ,ras*] %ot at an inmate 9 connection ) polygal rese>* !n ?is1 at any rate1 occurr$ at a "t :5 he _h no?+ to d ) t matt]4 ,i only he>d ( ?is alleg$ %oot+ aft] ,ras*]'s arre/1 z ,i h already te/ifi$4 ,q4 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 9 ?is connection ,i (f] ,docum5t ,siev]s #aj z ,siev]s ,exhibit #h4 ,i beg y\r p>don1 ,siev]s ,exhibit #i4 ,?is is an affidavit ( ,oswald ,pohl4 ,! ess5tial po9ts to be f\nd on page "o ( ?is docum5t are1 & ,i quote3 8#a4 ,my affidavit ( #bc ,july #aidf conc]n+ m$ical exp]im5ts 0 submitt$ to me ) ref]5ce to my /atem5ts 9 p>agraph #d1 ,siev]s 7,ahn5]be74 8#b4 ,siev]s' di>y ( #aidd 7#cedf-,,ps7 0 submitt$ to me ) ref]5ce to ! entry ( #ae ,june #aidd1 #i o'clock 7page #afg73 8,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl4 8#a4 ,production ( polygal & settlem5t ,felix40 ,p>agraphs two to six are n int]e/+ "h & ,i %all skip !m4 ,i quote aga93 8,aft] hav+ read ?is entry 9 ! di>y1 ,i c rememb] ,siev]s' visit v well & ,i c /ate accord+ to ! be/ ( my k & consci5ce3 8,:5 all ! relevant po9ts conc]n+ ! possibility ( produc+ 7in/allation = manufacture7 ! blood-/an*+ rem$y #8polygal'1 z well z ! o!r items _h be5 discuss$1 ,siev]s told me a few ?+s ab\t ! ,ras*] case be=e ,i call$ 9 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,maur] to discuss ! employm5t ( sci5ti/ prison]s 9 ma!matical calculat+ problems4 ,he in=m$ me t ,ras*] & 8 wife _h be5 arre/$ = jo9tly committ+ *ild sub/itution & abduction4 ,?r\gh ,ras*]'s arre/1 sev]al unbelievable ?+s _h app>5tly come to light :i* 7 n[ be+ inve/igat$4 ,x 0 also ma9ta9$ t ,ras*] 0 suppos$ to h fir$ at a prison] 9 ord] to te/ ! #8polygal'4 ,siev]s !re=e expresses an assumption :i* he himself _h only he>d1 & n a fact bas$ on 8 own k40 ,& !n foll[s ! c]tification4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #gg ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,erh>d ,mil*4 ,see ,vol4 ,,ii4 #gh ,neff 0 call$ z witness by ! ,tribunal4 #gi ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ad ,apr #aidg1 pp4 #efef-ehfi4 #ad4 ,,gas ,,o$ema 7,,ph5ol7 ,,exp]im5ts a4 ,introduction ,! prosecution introduc$ evid5ce calculat$ to %[ t inhuman acts & atrocities 7z g5]ally alleg$ 9 p>agraph #f ( ! indictm5t7 7 committ$ 9 ! c\rse ( gas o$ema exp]im5ts4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 n specifically describ$ 9 ! subp>agraphs ( p>agraph #f ( ! indictm5t1 :i* p>ticul>iz$ #ab specific types ( exp]im5tation4 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,mrug[sky & ,hov5 7 convict$ & ! def5dant ,h&los] 0 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! gas o$ema exp]im5ts is conta9$ 9 its clos+ brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,mrug[sky4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on pages #fhd to #fhe4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #fhe to #fid4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky 99 99 99 99 99 ,gas ,o$ema ,s]um ,exp]im5ts ,! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,erw9 ,s*ul]1 alias ,d+1 /ates t at a conf]5ce 9 ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy 9 ,b]l91 at ! end ( #aidb1 9 :i* he took "p1 "o ( ! topics ( discussion 0 ! fatality ( gas o$ema s]um on w\nd$ soldi]s4 ,! affidavit goes on to /ate t among ! p>ticipants 9 ! discussion 7 ,killian1 ,g5]al ,s*reib]1 ,mrug[sky1 & a m$ical (fic] :o 0 unkn[n to him4 ,killian & ,mrug[sky gave reports on soldi]s :o _h receiv$ ! s]um 9 high quantities & h\rs lat]1 aft] app>5tly hav+ recov]$1 di$ sudd5ly )\t visible reason4 ,x 0 suspect$ t ! ph5ol cont5t ( ! s]um br\ght ab\t ! fatal result4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ,killian & ,s*reib]1 ,mrug[sky ord]$ ,d+ to take "p 9 ! p]=mance ( eu?anasia ) ph5ol on a conc5tration camp inmate & to describe ! results 9 detail4 ,d+ lat] witness$ ! execution ( f\r or five p]sons ) ph5ol injections by ! def5dant ,hov5 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 ,accord+ to ord]s1 ,d+ report$ 8 f9d+s to ,b]l94 7,,no-#beg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhc47 ,mrug[sky d5i$ hav+ giv5 any su* ord] to ,d+4 ,x is q app>5t1 h[ev]1 t ,d+-,s*ul]1 :o 0 "u arre/ at ! "t he execut$ ?is affidavit1 w\ld n h implicat$ himself 9 a crime :i* did n occur4 ,mrug[sky's cont9u$ int]e/ 9 ! effect ( ! ph5ol conta9$ 9 s]um is evid5c$ by a lett] ( #bd ,augu/ #aidd f ,grawitz to him4 ,grawitz /at$ t ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss _h approv$ exp]im5ts propos$ by ,mrug[sky on ! tol]ance ( s]um conta9+ ph5ol4 7,,no-#aaih1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dff47 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,pros4 ,ex4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#dbi #bha ,extracts f ! affidavit ( ,waldem> ,hov51 #fhe #bd ,octob] #aidf1 conc]n+ ! kill+ ( inmates by ph5ol & o!r means4 ,,no-#beg #bhc ,extract f a sworn /atem5t by ,dr4 ,erw9 #fhf ,s*ul] 7,d+71 #bj ,july #aide1 conc]n+ eu?anasia ) ph5ol injection4 ,te/imony ,extracts f te/imony ( ! def5dant ,mrug[sky #fhh ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dbi ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bha ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,waldem> ,,hov51 #bd ,,octob] #aidf1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,kill+ ,,( ,,inmates ,,by ,,ph5ol ,,& ,,o!r ,,means ,i1 ,waldem> ,hov51 be+ duly sworn1 depose & /ate3 #a4 ,i 0 born 9 ,freiburg1 ,breisgau1 on ! #aj? ( ,febru>y #aijc4 ,i att5d$ high s*ool b did n complete my education until _m ye>s lat]4 ,betwe5 ! ye>s #aiai & #aicc ,i visit$ ,d5m>k1 ,sw$51 ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,france4 ,9 #aicc ,i return$ to ,freiburg & complet$ my high s*ool c\rse & !n att5d$ ! ,univ]sities ( ,freiburg & ,muni*4 ,9 #aici ,i conclud$ my m$ical /udies & jo9$ ! ,waff5 ,,ss z a physician4 ,! la/ rank ,i held 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss 0 ,haupt/urmfuehr] 7capta974 ,9 #aicd ,i _h jo9$ ! ,allgeme9e ,,ss4 #b4 ,9 ,octob] #aici ,i 0 assign$ z an assi/ant m$ical (fic] 9 ! ,,ss hospital 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp & held t position until #aida :5 ,i 0 appo9t$ ! m$ical (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! ,,ss troops /ation$ 9 ! camp4 ,at ! end ( #aida ,i 0 transf]r$ to ! camp hospital & became ! assi/ant m$ical (fic] !re94 ,?is hospital 0 = ! inmates ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 ,9 ,july #aidb ,i 0 elevat$ to ! position ( *ief physician & !reby _h ! full responsibility = ! inmate pati5ts 9 ! hospital4 ,i held ?is position until ,septemb] #aidc :5 ,i 0 arre/$ by ! ,,ss police c\rt ( ,kassel & rema9$ "u arre/ until #ae? ( ,m>* #aide4 #c4 ,due to my v>i\s positions 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp dur+ ?is p]iod ( ne>ly f\r ye>s ,i became acqua9t$ ) all phases ( ! m$ical activities !re9 & am h]eby able to make ! foll[+ /atem5t3 99 99 99 99 99 #aj4 ,9 ! camp we _h a great _m prison]s :o 7 jeal\s ( ! positions held by a c]ta9 few ( ! inmates1 t is1 "s ( ! political prison]s held key positions & 7 able to get bett] liv+ conditions ?an ! av]age4 ,h5ce1 _m ( ! prison]s envi$ ^! positions & made e ef=t to discr$it ! m5 :o held ! key positions4 ,su* traitor\s actions became kn[n ?r\gh ! 8grapev9e0 to ! m5 9 ! key positions & !n su* traitors 7 imm$iately kill$4 ,9 ea* case ,i 0 lat] notifi$ 9 ord] to make out ! dea? /atem5ts ( ! prison]s kill$4 ,^! /atem5ts did n indicate ! actual cause ( dea? b 7 made out to indicate t ! prison] di$ ( natural causes4 #aa4 ,9 "s in/ances ,i sup]vis$ ! kill+ ( ^! unwor?y inmates by injections ( ph5ol at ! reque/ ( ! inmates4 ,^! kill+s took place 9 ! camp hospital & ,i 0 assi/$ by sev]al inmates4 ,on "o occasion ,dr4 ,d+ came to ! hospital to witness su* kill+s ) ph5ol & said t ,i 0 n do+ x correctly1 !re=e he p]=m$ "s ( ! injections himself4 ,at t "t ?ree inmates 7 kill$ ) ph5ol injections & !y di$ )9 a m9ute4 #ab4 ,! total numb] ( traitors kill$ 0 ab\t #aej1 ( :om #fj 7 kill$ by ph5ol injections1 ei!r by myself or "u my sup]vision 9 ! camp hospital1 & ! re/ 7 kill$ by v>i\s means1 su* z beat+s1 by ! inmates4 ,! above affidavit writt5 9 ! ,engli% language1 consi/+ ( five 7#e7 pages1 is true & correct to ! be/ ( my k & belief4 ,?is affidavit 0 giv5 by me freely & volunt>ily1 )\t promise ( rew>d & ,i 0 subject$ to no duress or ?reat ( any ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,waldem> ,,hov5 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#beg ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bhc ,,extract ,,f ,a ,,sworn ,,/atem5t ,,by ,,dr4 ,,erw9 ,,s*ul] 7,,d+71 #bj ,,july #aide1 ,,conc]n+ ,,eu?anasia ,,) ,,ph5ol ,,injection ,freis+1 #bj ,july #aide ,erw9 ,s*ul]1 ,m4 ,d4 ,case #ejh ,z ord]$ ,i am briefly answ]+ two que/ions3 #a4 ,witness ( ,eu?anasia ) ,ph5ol at ,bu*5wald4 ,at ! end ( #aidb ,i took "p at a conf]5ce 9 ! ,milit>y ,academy ( ,m$ic9e 9 ,b]l94 ,! topic ( discussion 0 ! fatal effect ( gas gangr5e s]um on w\nd$ m54 ,pres5t3 ,g5]al>zt ,pr(essor ,s*reib]1 hygi5i/ ( ! ,milit>y ,academy ( ,m$ic9e2 ,,ss ,ob]fuehr] ,pr(essor ,mrug[sky1 hygi5i/2 ,ob]/abs>zt ,pr(essor ,killian1 pr(essor 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,breslau1 surgeon2 a m$ical (fic] 7surgeon7 ^: "n ,i did n "k2 & myself1 z dep>tm5t *ief ( ! ,c5tral ,in/itute = ! ,combat+ ( ,epidemics1 ,b]l94 ,killian & ,mrug[sky gave reports on soldi]s :o _h be5 giv5 gas gangr5e s]um 9 high quantities 7up to #a1ejj cc47 & h\rs aft]w>ds1 :ile feel+ p]fectly well1 _h di$ sudd5ly )\t any visible reason4 ,mrug[sky suspect$ t ! cumulative effect ( ! ph5ol cont5t ( ! injections 0 responsible = ! dea?s4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ! o!r g5tlem51 ,mrug[sky ord]$ me to take "p 9 eu?anasia ) ph5ol 9 a conc5tration camp & to describe ! result 9 detail1 s9ce nei!r ,i nor ,mrug[sky _h ev] se5 a case ( dea? by ph5ol4 ,mrug[sky himself c\ld n take "p 9 ! eu?anasia because ( an urg5t trip to ! ,ea/1 on ! o!r h& ! affair 0 urg5t = ! fight+ troops1 & ! publication ( a new circul> = ! troop doctors4 ,a few days lat] ,i ask$ ,dr4 ,hov5 9 ,bu*5wald to notify me :5 he p]=m$ eu?anasia ) ph5ol4 ,! next ev5+ he ask$ me to come to ! op]at+ !at] 9 ! inmates' hospital4 ,besides himself & ano!r doctor--probably ,dr4 ,plaza--only two o!r prison male nurses1 :om ,i _c rememb]1 7 pres5t4 ,i talk$ to ! doctor ab\t ! composition ( ! ph5ol injection &1 z f> z ,i c rememb]1 x consi/$ ( undilut$ raw ph5ol1 :i* 0 to be adm9i/]$ 9 doses ( #bj cc4 ,"o by "o1 f\r or five prison]s 7 l$ 94 ,! upp] "p ( ! body 0 nak$ s t _! nationality pat* on _! clo?+ c\ld n be di/+ui%$4 ,! condition ( _! bodies 0 bad & _! age 0 advanc$4 ,i d n rememb] a diagnosis z to :y eu?anasia 0 to take place1 b probably ,i did n ask ab\t x ei!r4 ,!y sat d[n quietly on a *air1 t is )\t any sign ( excitem5t1 ne> a light4 ,a male nurse block$ ! ve9 9 ! arm & ,dr4 ,hov5 quickly inject$ ! ph5ol4 ,!y di$ 9 an imm$iate total convulsion dur+ ! actual injection )\t any sign ( o!r pa94 ,! "t betwe5 ! beg9n+ ( ! injection & dea? ,i e/imate at ab\t second4 ,! re/ ( ! dose 0 inject$ z a precaution>y measure1 al?\gh "p ( ! injection w\ld h be5 en\gh = ! fatal result 7,i e/imate #e cc474 ,! dead 7 c>ri$ into an adjo9+ room by ! nurses--,i e/imate ! "t ( my pres5ce at #aj m9utes4 ,i report$ 9 ,b]l9 accord+ to ord]s4 ,i "k no?+ fur!r to say4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky#hj ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,flemm+3 ,i n[ turn to ! gas gangr5e exp]im5ts4 ,:5 exam9+ ! def5dants ,h&los]1 ,ro/ock1 ,s*ro$]1 ,g5zk51 & ! witness ,b]nh>d ,s*midt1 we he>d to :at ext5t gas gangr5e became preval5t at ! front4 ,i ref] y to ! ,docum5t ,,no-#egh1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #bhd4 ,i %all h x submitt$ to y4 ,w\ld y please tell ! ,tribunal :e!r1 9 connection ) gas gangr5e1 !re 0 an extreme necessity 9 conc5tration camps & 9 ! army to discov] protective means to combat ?is disease8 ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky3 ,x 0 po9t$ out frequ5tly t no infection c be tak5 s s]i\sly 9 ! surgical field z ! infection by gas gangr5e1 s9ce ! mortality cases ( ^! injuries 7 v high4 ,9 conc5tration camps1 z ,noel+ told me1 we (t5 _h cases ( gas gangr5e4 ,!re=e1 ! ,asid ,works sugge/$ t vacc9e %\ld be us$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! case ( diph!ria4 ,?is 0 done 9 ^! works sometimes 9 cases ( tetanus4 ,su* vacc9e aga9/ gas gangr5e 0 produc$ by ! ,behr+ ,works & 0 te/$ on /ud5ts at ,m>burg ,univ]sity at fir/1 ab\t :i* a publication is available4 ,i receiv$ a small "p ( ?is gas gangr5e tox9 9 ord] to protect p 9 dang]4 ,?is gas gangr5e tox9 ,i gave to ,noel+ & he us$ x at ,bu*5wald4 ,! *>t is available conc]n+ p]sons on :om ?is vacc9e 0 us$4 ,x becomes evid5t f t t !re is ev5 an increase 9 temp]ature foll[+ t vacc9ation1 & t we are "h conc]n$ ) a completely h>mless project :i* has no?+ at all to d ) an infection4 ,q4 ,dr4 ,d+ 9 an affidavit 7,,no-#beg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhc7 /at$ t at ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy a conf]5ce took place on ! "q ( gas gangr5e s]um4 ,:at d y "k ab\t t8 ,a4 ,x is correct t su* a conf]5ce actually took place4 ,:5ev] gas gangr5e occurr$ a l>ge am\nt ( gas gangr5e s]um _h to be us$ = treatm5t 9 ord] to insure success4 ,x 0 n a m]e t5 or fifte5 cubic c5timet]s1 b #djj to #hjj cubic c5timet]s :i* 0 giv5 to ! pati5t 9 ! c\rse ( a few days4 ,9 ,g]many all s]ums :i* are obta9$ f animals1 mo/ly horses1 are mix$ ) #j4e p]c5t ( ph5ol & c>bolic acid--9 ord] to pres]ve !m--i4 e41 to #djj cubic c5timet]s ,i add$ a conc5tration ( two cubic c5timet]s ( ph5ol acid4 ,?is am\nt is1 ( c\rse1 f> above ! tol]ance ( human be+s4 ,c>bolic acid is "o ( ! /ronge/ acids we possess4 ,:5 treat+ p ) gas gangr5e s]ums a numb] ( dea?s occurr$4 ,we discuss$ :e!r we 7 deal+ ) cases ( s]um dea?1 result+ f ! s]um1 or :e!r dea? 0 caus$ by ! ph5ol add$4 ,d+ & ,i p>ticipat$ 9 t conf]5ce ) o!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,did y give ,dr4 ,d+ an assignm5t on ! basis ( ?is discussion to te/ ?is ph5ol "q8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i told him to /udy ! lit]ature & to make use ( ! libr>ies ( ! ph>macological & =5sic m$ic9e in/itute 9 ,j5a4 ,he 0 9 t\* ) ^? in/itutes4 ,q4 ,did y give him ! assignm5t to p>ticipate 9 eu?anasia ) ph5ol8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i nev] he>d any?+ ab\t 8 hav+ c>ri$ out su* eu?anasia1 or ( su* kill+s hav+ be5 c>ri$ out4 ,i c\ld n1 !re=e1 h giv5 him any su* ord]4 ,q4 ,y are aw>e t 9 an affidavit ( y\r codef5dant ,hov5 x is /at$ t ,d+ himself c>ri$ out kill+s 9 ,bu*5wald ) ph5ol4 ,_h y giv5 him in/ructions to t effect8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i did n give him any su* in/ructions1 & !re 0 no occasion to d s because dea? by ph5ol is well kn[n 9 lit]ature2 simply read+ works on ! subject w\ld h suffic$4 ,,dr4 ,,flemm+3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i submit ,docum5t ,mrug[sky #bh4 ,i %\ld l to submit x z ,mrug[sky ,exhibit #df4 ,x is an affidavit ( ,pr(essor ,killian1 :o is a univ]sity pr(essor at ,halle_/,saale4 ,he says3 8,9 #aida-aidc ,i 0 consult+ surgeon ) ! #af? ,army 9 ! ,ea/4 ,we _h exp]i5c$ num]\s cases ( dea? & injury to ! circulatory sy/em due to ! effects ( gas gangr5e s]um4 ,9 my op9ion1 ^! bad effects _c only be attribut$ to ! inoculation ( great quantities ( unrelat$ s]ums1 b also to ! addition ( "o-half p]c5t ph5ol1 z is prescrib$ by law4 ,s9ce up to #aej cc4 ( gas gangr5e s]um--sometimes ev5 m ?an t--0 giv5 intrav5\sly to w\nd$ 9 ! field1 9 my op9ion ! total quantity ( ph5ol add$ !n approa*$ becom+ a dang]4 ,?is became obvi\s aft] f\r ( my collaborators _h _h !mselves inject$ intrav5\sly ) a ph5ol common salt solution ( #j4e p]c5t d5sity4 ,all ( !m %[$ typical signs ( ph5ol poison+ to a diff]5t degree4 ,9 a lett] to ! m$ical inspectorate ,i call$ _! att5tion to ! disappo9t+ effects ( ! gas gangr5e s]um & to ! detrim5tal effect ( ph5ol1 & made proposals = a *ange4 ,consequ5tly1 ,i 0 (ficially ord]$ to report dur+ my /ay 9 ,b]l9 to ,ob]/>zt ,pr(essor ,s*reib]1 :o 0 a speciali/ on ?is matt]4 ,pres5t at ?is conf]5ce 7 ,pr(essor ,mrug[sky & a junior physician ^: "n ,i no long] rememb]4 ,i did n "k any ( ! ?ree g5tlem52 ,i saw & spoke to !m !n = ! fir/ "t4 ,ap>t f a few g5]al que/ions conc]n+ bact]iology1 we discuss$ ma9ly ! gas gangr5e s]um problem4 ,i _h to give an exact report on :at took place at ! front & on ! symptoms ( poison+4 ,! discussion !n took two directions4 ,fir/1 ! "q :e!r x 0 possible = indu/ry to sub/itute a h>mless dis9fectant = ! dang]\s ph5ol1 & :i* "o ( ! _m sub/ances w\ld be suitable = ?is purpose40 ,numb] two is n important4 ,& ,i c skip ! next p>agraph too4 ,i come to ! la/ p>agraph3 8,i well rememb] ! sub/ance ( ! discussions & decl>e t no m5tion 0 made ( any exp]im5ts 9 a conc5tration camp1 or ( effect+ eu?anasia by inject+ ph5ol4 ,su* consid]ations nev] ev5 came up = discussion1 let alone an ord] 9 my pres5ce by "o ( ! m$ical (fic]s4 ,?is w\ld c]ta9ly h rema9$ 9 my memory4 ,i may add t a reason = su* exp]im5ts did n exi/ s9ce ! symptoms ( ph5ol poison+ are well kn[n & may be f\nd 9 any book on ph>macology4 ,ap>t f ?is1 ! "q _h be5 suffici5tly settl$ by ! above-m5tion$ exp]im5ts :i* ! physicians _h c>ri$ out on !mselves4 ,i am conv9c$ t ,dr4 ,d+'s /atem5ts are n true40 ,sign$ by ,pr(essor ,killian1 & c]tifi$4 ,on ! basis ( in/ructions t he 0 to in=m himself f lit]ature ab\t ph5ol poison+--in/ructions :i* y gave to him--:at did ,d+ report8 ,0 ! "q ( gangr5e s]um1 & ! dea?s result+ f x1 settl$8 ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky3 ,d+ made a report4 ,i wait$ = x = "s "t & :5 x did n come ,i myself read up on ?is "q4 ,!n ,i 0 no long] int]e/$ 9 8 report4 ,q4 ,on page #bj ( ! ,d+ di>y 7,,no-#bfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhg7 x says t a special exp]im5t on f\r p]sons 0 c>ri$ out on behalf ( ,grupp5fuehr] ,nebe4 ,:at d y "k ab\t t8 ,a4 ,i h already m5tion$ ! case ( ,haupts*>fuehr] ,koehl]1 :o 0 at ! hospital at ,weim>1 :o di$ f poison+4 ,inaccurate /atem5ts 7 giv5 ab\t 8 dea? & autopsy4 ,x 0 said t !y occurr$ 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp--:i* is n true4 ,at ! discussion ( ! autopsy f9d+s 9 ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police ,(fice1 ! op9ion _h be5 express$ t ?is dea? might h result$ f p]vit9 toge!r ) a n>cotic drug4 ,i p>ticipat$ 9 ?is discussion4 ,,dr4 ,,flemm+3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i h already submitt$ ! affidavit by ,dr4 ,konrad ,morg54 7,mrug[sky #bi1 ,mrug[sky ,ex4 #cf47 ,:5 ,i submitt$ x ,i read ! fir/ "o & "o-half pages4 ,i %\ld n[ l to read ! foll[+ portion3 8,pr(essor ,dr4 ,timm0--t is1 ! =5sic m$ical exp]t f ,vi5na :o p]=m$ ! autopsy on ,koehl]--8came to ! op9ion t !re 7 two possibilities3 fir/1 t a ,s\? ,am]ican poison _h be5 us$ :i* 0 totally unkn[n to u & :i* dissolves completely 9 ! human body2 second1 t a comb9ation ( drugs _h be5 us$4 ,"o drug _h excit$ ! circulation to ! po9t ( exhau/ion1 ! o!r drug _h act$ z an antidote4 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,timm spoke ( ! possibility t p]vit9 _h be5 us$ toge!r ) a soporific4 ,! idea t a ,s\? ,am]ican poison _h be5 us$ 0 reject$ f a crim9ological po9t ( view4 ,f a te*nical po9t ( view ! second possibility w\ld h be5 q possible4 8,i _h to report ! case to ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice4 ,subsequ5tly1 a conf]5ce took place 9 ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice at :i* q a numb] ( p]sons 7 pres5t4 ,! *ief ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice sic1 ,grupp5fuehr] ,muell]1 presid$4 ,grupp5fuehr] ,nebe ( ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police 0 also pres5t1 z well z ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,mrug[sky4 ,at ! conf]5ce v>i\s p]sons1 among o!rs also ,dr4 ,mrug[sky1 po9t$ out t p]vit9 0 n a poison1 t x c\ld be obta9$ )\t a prescription4 ,"o ( ! g5tlem5 pres5t po9t$ out t 9 ,am]ica exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out :]e up to #ajj tablets ( p]vit9 7 adm9i/]$ & ! effects 7 n fatal4 ,b no "o pres5t c\ld answ] ! "q ( :e!r a comb9ation ( p]vit9 & a soporific w\ld be h>mless1 or :e!r x w\ld lead to an increas$ reaction to any "o direction4 ,! latt] appe>$ improbable to ! exp]ts4 ,9 ord] to settle ?is "q ,grupp5fuehr] ,muell] ord]$ t an exp]im5t be conduct$4 ,he ord]$ t ,dr4 ,d+1 :om he knew1 %\ld conduct ?is exp]im5t 9 ,bu*5wald4 8,x 0 rul$ t 9 ?is exp]im5t1 :i* 0 to settle ! purely crim9al side ( ! "q1 only m9ute quantities ( p]vit9 & soporific %\ld be us$1 s9ce x w\ld be impossible to give l>ge quantities ( p]vit9 & a soporific unobtrusively to ! prospective victim4 ,moreov]1 l>g] quantities ( ^! drugs w\ld h be5 f\nd 9 any case by means ( a *emical analysis4 ,! sci5tific !oretical problem conc]n+ ! h>mfulness or ev5 deadl9ess ( maximum doses did n int]e/ anyone4 8,i 0 pres5t at ! exp]im5ts at ,bu*5wald4 8,five p]sons 7 pres5t$ to u = te/+1 because ,grupp5fuehr] ,muell] _h ord]$ exp]im5ts to be conduct$ on five p]sons4 ,i *eck$ ! pap]s ( ! p]sons to be exp]im5t$ on prior to ! exp]im5t4 ,!y 7 ,russians :o _h des]t$1 or work]s1 :o _h =m$ a gang1 /ol51 & plund]$1 & _h ev5 be5 *>g$ ) murd]4 ,!y _h all be5 s5t5c$ to dea? be=e a special c\rt 9 ,pom]ania4 ,grupp5fuehr] ,muell] _h already previ\sly be5 giv5 ! ord] = _! execution4 8,i _h agre$ ) ,dr4 ,d+ t a prelim9>y exp]im5t %\ld be made on ?ree p]sons to see ! k9d ( reaction ?is comb9ation _h 9 ! organism4 ,"s ( ! condemn$ c\ld speak ,g]man4 ,!y 7 told t ! exp]im5ts 7 nei!r dang]\s nor pa9ful1 & t by tak+ "p !y w\ld at lea/ put (f _! execution4 ,!reupon !y all volunte]$4 ,dr4 ,d+ *ose ?ree ( !m4 ,!y 7 transf]r$ to ,block #df4 ,!re !y 7 giv5 a dose ( p]vit9 & a subcutane\s injection ( a soporific4 ,!n !y _h to g to b$4 ,!y fell asleep4 ,_! sleep 0 v re/less4 ,"o ( !m slept = #bj h\rs4 ,! o!rs awoke a little e>li] 99 99 9940 ,!n he says t none ( !m %[$ ! symptoms :i* ,koehl] _h %[n1 & t ! exp]im5t 0 consid]$ complet$4 ,9 ! la/ s5t5ce ( ! next p>agraph he says1 8,!re=e1 ,i told ,dr4 ,d+ t he %\ld n make any m exp]im5ts1 & ,i report$ ?is to ,grupp5fuehr] ,muell]40 ,i %all read ! la/ p>agraph 9 ano!r connection4 ,accord+ to ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,morg51 ,muell] ord]$ ,d+ to c>ry out ! exp]im5t at ,bu*5wald4 ,did y receive a report on ?is exp]im5t8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i did n receive a report on x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cross-,,exam9ation ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,prior to ! aft]noon recess1 ,doctor1 we 7 discuss+ ! ph5ol problem4 ,n[1 9 ?is connection1 did y at any "t propose exp]im5ts to be conduct$ at ,bu*5wald conc]n+ ! tol]ance ( s]um or s]a conta9+ ph5ol8 ,t is1 did y propose t 9 #aidb or #aidc at any "t8 ,,def5dant ,,mrug[sky3 ,no4 ,no su* sugge/ions 7 made & !y 7 n necess>y1 because 9 ,g]many e s]um conta9s ph5ol4 ,9 ! ,g]man s]um indu/ry !re is no s]um produc$ )\t ph5ol4 ,i am speak+ ( ! s]a = !rapeutic purposes1 n vacc9es4 ,q4 ,!n at no "t did y ev5 propose t exp]im5ts be conduct$ to det]m9e ! tol]ance ( s]a conta9+ ph5ol2 is t :at y say8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i nev] sugge/$ t4 ,q4 ,are y sure1 ,doctor8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,at ?is "t1 y\r ,honor1 ,i (f] ,docum5t ,,no-#aaih z ,prosecution ,exhibit #dff1 = id5tification4 ,?is is a lett] dat$ ,b]l91 #bd ,augu/ #aidd4 ,subject3 ,s]vice ( exp]im5ts4 ,x has ref]5ce-file indexes1 address$ to ! *ief hygi5i/ on ! /aff ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police1 ,b]l9-,zehl5dorf3 8,de> ,mrug[sky1 8,i am able to in=m y t ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss has approv$ today ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts propos$ by y4 8#a4 ,specific !rapy ) typhus4 8#b4 ,tol]ance ( s]a conta9+ ph5ol4 8,i agree t bo? s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ! dep>tm5t = typhus & virus rese>* ( ! ,hygi5ic ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 9 ,weim>-,bu*5wald %\ld be c>ri$ out1 & reque/ t ,i be in=m$ ( ! c\rse ( ! f9d+s1 p]haps ?r\gh int]m$i>y reports40 8,by ord] ( ,grawitz40 ,! signature is 8,,nicolai04 ,q4 ,n[ ?is /ates t ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss has approv$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts propos$ by y & ! exp]im5ts may be c>ri$ out 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,y /at$ t y nev] propos$ exp]im5ts to det]m9e ! tol]ance ( s]a conta9+ ph5ol4 ,n[ d y ma9ta91 ,doctor1 t y nev] initiat$ any exp]im5tation to det]m9e ! tol]ance ( s]a conta9+ ph5ol8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! connection "h is some?+ q diff]5t4 ,i %all discuss po9t two fir/4 ,i h already said t 9 ,g]many !re 7 no s]a )\t ph5ol4 ,9 connection ) ?is ph5ol "q 9 ,g]man s]um1 ,i in=m$ ,grawitz ab\t ! "q :i* is be+ discuss$ "h--,killian & ,s*reib] 7 pres5t--& ,i told him t indu/ry %\ld try to produce s]a )\t ph5ol1 z ! ,fr5* s]um indu/ry _h be5 do+ = "s "t4 ,i knew t sugge/ions to t effect _h be5 s5t to ! indu/ry1 b t ! ,g]man s]um indu/ry _h refus$1 dur+ ! w>1 to effect any su* basic *ange 9 its production because x 0 n 9 a position to obta9 ! necess>y special app>atus1 filt]s1 etc4 ,i !re=e told ,grawitz t 9 s]um !rapy = ord9>y diseases--,i 0 ?9k+ prim>ily ( diph!ria1 :]e l>ge quantities ( s]um 7 us$ at ! "t 9 ! !rapy aga9/ diph!ria once x _h brok5 out1 because ! highly conc5trat$ s]um 0 no long] available 9 necess>y quantities--,i told him t 9 ! case ( su* diseases "o %\ld wat* to see :e!r injury f ph5ol might result4 ,i told him also t x w\ld be desirable to "k :e!r s]um )\t ph5ol w\ld def9itely prev5t su* %ock4 ,i also rememb] t ?is po9t too _h connection ) ! fact t we _h negotiat$ ) ! ,behr+ ,works = ! production ( s]um frequ5tly 9 small quantities 9 ord] to use x1 & to comp>e x ) o!r s]um4 ,if ,i rememb] correctly ?is involv$ diph!ria s]um1 t is ! s]um :i* is us$ mo/ 9 ,g]many4 ,! comp>ison 0 to be made ( symptoms foll[+ ! adm9i/ration ( ! usual antidiph!ria s]um conta9+ ph5ol on *ildr51 & x 0 to be not$ :e!r ! symptoms w\ld appe>2 & ! symptoms foll[+ ! adm9i/ration ( s]um free ( ph5ol 7 also to be not$4 ,?is 0 :at ,grawitz meant "h1 & he call$ t a s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,i might po9t out t ?is express$ s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ?is case _c ref] to artificial infection1 because x is n possible to h a human be+ artificially infect$ ) diph!ria s]um4 ,q4 ,doctor1 aft] receiv+ ?is confirmation ( y\r proposals to p]=m exp]im5ts z outl9$ 9 ?is lett]1 y mu/ h issu$ ord]s 9 t reg>d4 ,n[ to :om did y issue ^? ord]s8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i did n issue any ord]s4 ,9 my op9ion ?is conc]ns activities ( "s civilian hospitals2 = among ! troops1 & 9 conc5tration camps1 we did n h any diph!ria pati5ts4 ,q4 ,j a mom5t1 ,doctor4 ,b x is said 9 ?is lett] t ,grawitz agrees t ^! exp]im5ts c be c>ri$ out 9 ! ,dep>tm5t = ,typhus & ,virus ,rese>* ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 9 ,weim>-,bu*5wald4 ,did y or did y n c>ry out ^! exp]im5ts 9 ,weim>-,bu*5wald8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,nev] issu$ any ord]s to c>ry out su* exp]im5ts to ,d+1 = in/ance8 ,a4 ,i h already expla9$ :at ?is s]ies ( exp]im5ts means4 ,x is possible t ,i sugge/$1 = example1 t he 0 to vacc9ate "o *ild ) "o k9d ( s]um & ano!r *ild ) ano!r s]um4 ,t is possible2 ,i don't rememb] ab\t t4 ,b to try out s]um conta9+ ph5ol on human be+s1 t ,i did n ord]4 99 99 99 ----- #hj ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #bg1 #bh1 #ca ,m> & #b1 #c ,apr #aidg1 pp4 #ejjj-ebdd1 #eccd-edfd4 #ae4 ,,exp]im5ts ,,= ,,mass ,,/]ilization a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,mrug[sky1 ,popp5dick1 ,brack1 ,pokorny1 & ,ob]heus] 7 *>g$ ) special responsibility = & p>ticipation 9 crim9al conduct involv+ /]ilization exp]im5ts 7p>4 #f 7,i7 ( ! indictm5t74 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! trial ! prosecution )drew ?is *>ge 9 ! case ( ! def5dants ,mrug[sky & ,ob]heus]4 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,gebh>dt1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 & ,brack 7 convict$1 & ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,popp5dick1 & ,pokorny 7 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on ! exp]im5ts = mass /]ilization is conta9$ 9 its clos+ brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on pages #fie to #gjb4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ^! exp]im5ts has be5 select$ f ! f9al plea = ! def5dant ,gebh>dt & clos+ brief = ! def5dant ,pokorny4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #gjb to #gjh4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #gaj to #gch4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,/]ilization ,exp]im5ts ,by #aida x 0 ! accept$ policy ( ! ,?ird ,rei* to ext]m9ate ! ,jewi% population ( ,g]many & ! occupi$ c\ntries4#ha ,because ( ! press+ ne$ = labor]s1 /]ilization ( ,jews able to "w 0 consid]$ z an alt]native to outright ext]m9ation4 7,,no-#bje1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afc47 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 *eap & fa/ work+ me?ods = /]ilization1 exp]im5tation on conc5tration camp inmates by means ( drugs 7,,no-#jcf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adc71 injection ( an irritat+ solution 7,,no-#bab1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agc7 & ,x-rays & surgical op]ation 7,tr4 pp4 #eef-i7 7 c>ri$ out on a l>ge scale4 ,br&t n only _h full k ( ^! exp]im5ts1 b collaborat$ actively 9 all ( !m4 ,! purpose ( ! /]ilization exp]im5ts is well describ$ by ,br&t 9 8 own affidavit3 8,himml] 0 extremely int]e/$ 9 ! developm5t ( a *eap & rapid /]ilization me?od :i* c\ld be us$ aga9/ enemies ( ,g]many1 su* z ! ,russians1 ,poles1 & ,jews4 ,"o hop$ !reby n only to defeat ! enemy b to ext]m9ate him4 ,! capacity = "w ( ! /]iliz$ p]sons c\ld be exploit$ by ,g]many1 :ile ! dang] ( propagation w\ld be elim9at$4 ,z ?is mass /]ilization 0 "p ( ,himml]'s racial !ory1 p>ticul> "t & c>e 7 devot$ to ^! /]ilization exp]im5ts4 ,surgical /]ilization 0 ( c\rse kn[n 9 ,g]many & appli$2 ?is includ$ ca/ration4 ,= mass application1 h[ev]1 ?is proc$ure 0 consid]$ z too sl[ & too exp5sive4 ,x 0 fur!r desir$ t a proc$ure be f\nd :i* w\ld result 9 /]ilization t 0 n imm$iately noticeable40 7,,no-#ddj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ada47 ,/]ilization exp]im5ts 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! efficacy ( a drug kn[n z caladium segu9um 7,s*weigrohr7 7 sugge/$ to ,himml] by ! def5dant ,pokorny 9 ,octob] #aida4 ,pokorny report$ t ,dr4 ,madaus _h f\nd1 z a result ( 8 rese>* on m$ical /]ilization ( animals1 t caladium segu9um produc$ /]ility 9 animals :5 adm9i/]$ orally or by injection4 ,pokorny fur!r /at$ 9 8 lett] t3 899 99 99 ! imm5se importance ( ?is drug 9 ! pres5t fight ( our p occurr$ to me4 ,if1 on ! basis1 ( ?is rese>*1 x 7 possible to produce a drug :i* aft] a relatively %ort "t effects an imp]ceptible /]ilization on human be+s1 !n we w\ld h a new p[]ful weapon at our disposal4 ,! ?\ght alone t ! #c million ,bol%eviks1 at pres5t ,g]man prison]s1 c\ld be /]iliz$ s t !y c\ld be us$ z labor]s b be prev5t$ f reproduction1 op5s ! mo/ f> rea*+ p]spectives40 ,he !re=e advocat$ imm$iate rese>* on human be+s 9 ord] to det]m9e ! dose & l5g? ( treatm5t1 ! cultivation ( ! plant caladium segu9um 9 ho?\ses1 & *emical rese>* 9 ord] to produce ! drug syn!tically on a l>ge scale4 7,,no-#jce1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adb47 ,himml] agre$ to ,pokorny's sugge/ions & reque/$ ,pohl1 on #aj ,m>* #aidb1 to contact ,dr4 ,madaus & to 8(f] him possibilities = do+ rese>* 9 coop]ation ) ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss 7,grawitz7 on crim9als :o w\ld h to be /]iliz$ 9 any case40 ,he fur!r ord]$ t ! int5d$ plan ( rese>* %\ld be submitt$ to him4 ,x 0 ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t :o =w>d$ a copy ( ?is lett] to ,grawitz 7,,no-#jcf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adc7 & furni%$ him1 on #bj ,april1 ) a copy ( ,pokorny's report & in=mation on ! publications ( ,madaus conc]n+ m$ic9al /]ilization ( animals4 7,,no-#jcg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adf47 ,br&t's (fice submitt$ ,madaus' report on ! /udies ( exp]im5ts on animals to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,heydri*1 ,*ief ( ! ,security ,police & ,,sd4 ,! lett] ( transmittal1 dat$ #bc ,april #aidb1 be>s ! same file numb] z ,himml]'s lett] to ,pohl 7#geb_/e7 & ref]s expressly to 8! "q ( /]ilization by m$ic9e40 7,,no-#jdg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ade47 ,9 ,june #aidb ,br&t reque/$ a report f ,pohl1 ,*ief ( ! ,,wvha1 z to ! progress ( ! prep>ation = exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#jch1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adg47 ,pohl report$ on #c ,june #aidb t s9ce 8,s*weigrohr10 f :i* caladium segu9um 0 d]iv$1 grew only 9 ,nor? ,am]ica & c\ld n be export$ 9 adequate quantities1 attempts to gr[ ! plant f se$ cultivat$ 9 ho?\ses _h be5 made by ,dr4 ,ko* ( ! ,biological ,in/itute ( ! ,madaus ,works4 ,^! attempts _h be5 successful1 b ! process ( gr[+ ! plant & develop+ ! drug 0 n spe$y en\gh & ! yield n suffici5t to p]mit exp]im5tation on a l>ge scale4 ,9 ord] to remove ^! difficulties1 he said t x w\ld be necess>y to build a l>g] ho?\se4 7,,no-#jdf;a1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adh47 ,on #aa ,june1 ,br&t advis$ ,pohl t he _h in=m$ ,himml] ( 8 lett] & t ,himml] want$ ,pohl to see to x t a l>ge ho?\se 0 plac$ at ,dr4 ,ko*'s disposal z soon z possible z ,himml] consid]$ ! exp]im5ts extremely important4 ,br&t also ask$ ,pohl = fur!r reports 9 ! matt]4 7,,no-#jdf;b1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adi47 ,only eight days lat] ,br&t himself _h a conf]5ce ) ,pohl 9 :i*1 among o!r ?+s1 he in=m$ ,pohl ( ,himml]'s reque/ to h ! +r$i5ts ( caladium segu9um ?or\ghly inve/igat$ to det]m9e :e!r equally effective +r$i5ts c\ld be f\nd 9 plants m easily accessible4 ,br&t reque/$ t ! "w ( ,dr4 ,ko* %\ld be c>ri$ out to ! fulle/ ext5t4 ,he in=m$ ,pohl t exp]im5ts %\ld be conduct$ 9 conc5tration camps ) ! am\nt ( ! drug !n available4 ,pohl agre$ to take ! necess>y /eps at once4 7,,no-#jdd1 ,pros1 ,ex4 #aej47 ,dep>tm5t ,,iv-,b-#d ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice1 ! ag5cy :i* 0 9 *>ge ( ! solution ( ! ,jewi% "q#hb 0 in=m$ by a subord9ate ( ,br&t ab\t ,madaus' rese>* "w & reque/$ to collaborate closely ) ,pohl 9 ?is matt]4 7,,no-#jej1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aea47 ,a copy ( ?is lett] 0 =w>d$ to ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t4 7,,no-#jea1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aeb47 ,! ,deputy ,gauleit] ( ,gau ,l[] ,danube 7,l[] ,au/ria71 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,g]l&1 in=m$ ,himml] on #bd ,augu/ #aidb t ! ,director ( ! ,(fice = ,racial ,policy 9 t prov9ce1 ,dr4 ,fehr+]1 _h exam9$ ! "q ( mass /]ilization &1 9 ?is connection1 _h come across ,dr4 ,madaus' /udies on m$ic9al /]ilization ) caladium segu9um4 ,= reasons simil> to ^? sugge/$ by ! def5dant ,pokorny 7,,no-#jce1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adb71 ,g]l& advocat$ exp]im5tation on inmates ( ! gypsy camp ( ,lack5ba* 9 ,gau ,l[] ,danube4 ,g]l& po9t$ out t if ^! exp]im5ts 7 successful1 z 0 expect$1 x w\ld be possible to /]ilize practically unlimit$ numb]s ( p 9 ! %orte/ "t & 9 ! simple/ way conceivable4 7,,no-#jci1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aec47 ,x 0 ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t :o took ! matt] up & in=m$ ,g]l& on #bi ,augu/ ( ! /eps :i* _h already be5 tak5 9 respect to exp]im5ts ) caladium segu9um4 ,f ,br&t's lett]1 x is app>5t t ,himml] 0 n pres5t at t "t4 ,br&t took c>e ( ?is matt] on 8 own initiative & in=m$ ,g]l& t ,pohl & ,grawitz 7 9 *>ge ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,he reque/$ in=mation f ,g]l& :e!r ,dr4 ,fehr+] _h caladium segu9um available & :at means = ! procurem5t ( ?is plant ! latt] w\ld sugge/4 7,,no-#jdj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aed47 ,copies ( ,g]l&'s lett] 7 =w>d$ by ,br&t to ,pohl & ,grawitz4 ,on #g ,septemb] #aidb1 ,pohl gave ,g]l& fur!r details & in=m$ him t he & ,dr4 ,loll+ 7 p]sonally sup]vis+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,pohl1 9 turn1 s5t copies ( ?is lett] to ,rudolf ,br&t & ,grawitz4 ,9 ! cov]+ lett] to ,br&t1 ,pohl in=m$ him t he _h be5 to ! ,madaus ,works to conv9ce himself ( ! progress ( ! exp]im5ts & t ,dr4 ,loll+ w\ld coop]ate 9 !m4 ,an agreem5t _h be5 rea*$ ) ,madaus 8to transf] ! exp]im5ts to our conc5tration camps z soon z possible40 7,,no-#jda1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aef47 ,on #ad ,octob] #aidb1 ,g]l& wrote to ,rudolf ,br&t & in=m$ him ( ! lett] he _h receiv$ f ,pohl4 ,he /at$ t he consid]$ ,dr4 ,fehr+]'s sugge/ion to use inmates ( ! gypsy camp ( ,lack5ba* z obsolete1 z ,pohl _h in=m$ him t ,loll+ 0 already collaborat+ ) ! ,biological ,in/itute ( ,madaus4 ,he fur!r advis$ ,br&t t ,fehr+] 0 ( ! op9ion t x 0 q possible to produce caladium segu9um *emically or h ! plant cultivat$ 9 ho?\ses to an ext5t :i* w\ld be suffici5t = exp]im5tal purposes4 ,he also sugge/$ collaboration betwe5 ,loll+ & ,fehr+]4 7,,no-#jdc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aeg47 ,br&t's reply ( #be ,octob] reveals t he1 on 8 own initiative 9 ,himml]'s abs5ce1 agre$ to ! collaboration betwe5 ,fehr+] & ,loll+4 7,,no-#jdi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aei47 ,br&t s5t copies ( ,g]l&'s lett] ( #ad ,octob] 7,,no-#jdc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aeg7 & 8 reply 7,,no-#jdi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aei7 to ,pohl4 ,9 8 cov]+ lett] to ,pohl he express$ ! conviction t 9 spite ( ! fact t he c\ld n consult ,himml]1 he 0 conv9c$ t ! latt] w\ld c]ta9ly welcome exp]im5ts to produce caladium segu9um syn!tically4 ,he ask$ ,pohl to arrange = a contact betwe5 ,loll+ & ,fehr+]4 7,,no-#jdh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aeh47 ,!re is no reasonable d\bt t ! /]ilization exp]im5ts ) caladium segu9um 71 9 fact1 c>ri$ out on conc5tration camp inmates4 ,himml]1 :o 0 ! highe/ au?ority to decide su* que/ions1 n only gave 8 cons5t to ^! exp]im5ts 7,,no-#jcf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adc7 b consid]$ !m 8extremely important0 7,,no-#jdf;b1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adi7 & reque/$ t !y %\ld be c>ri$ out 9 ! conc5tration camps 9 any case4 7,,no-#jdd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aej47 ,pohl1 :o 0 9 *>ge ( ! adm9i/ration ( ! conc5tration camps1 agre$ ^u ! reque/ ( ,br&t to take ! necess>y /eps imm$iately4 7,,no-#jdd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aej47 ,!re c be no d\bt t ,dep>tm5t ,,iv-,b-#d ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice1 :i* 0 *>g$ ) ! solution ( ! ,jewi% "q1 0 in=m$ ab\t ,madaus' rese>* "w = ! purpose ( furni%+ ! necess>y ,jewi% victims = ! exp]im5ts4 ,! collaboration ( ,dr4 ,loll+1 :o 0 ! doctor 9 *>ge ( all conc5tration camps1 c only be expla9$ 9 connection ) exp]im5tation 9 ^! camps4 ,?is is also cle> f ,g]l&'s lett] to ,br&t3 8,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl has in=m$ me t ! doctor ( 8 ,ma9 ,(fice is already collaborat+ ) ! ,madaus ,biological ,in/itute = rese>* on ! effects ( caladium segu9um1 s t ! sugge/ion ( my ,di/rict ,ma9 ,(fice ,lead]1 ,dr4 ,fehr+]1 becomes obsolete40 ,emphasis add$4 7,,no-#jdc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aeg47 ,x c only be conclud$ t ,pohl & ,loll+ c>ri$ out ! exp]im5ts 9 conc5tration camps z 0 agre$ ^u betwe5 !m1 ,himml]1 ,br&t1 & ,madaus4 7,,no-#jdc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aeg47 ,moreov]1 ,br&t himself admitt$ 9 8 affidavit t exp]im5ts ) caladium segu9um on human be+s 7 p]=m$ 9 conc5tration camps3 8,z result ( ,pokorny's sugge/ion exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ ^u conc5tration camp prison]s 9 ord] to te/ ! effect ( ! drug4 ,simultane\sly all ef=ts 7 made to cultivate ! plant 9 l>ge quantities4 ,oswald ,pohl1 ,*ief ( ! ,economic & ,adm9i/rative ,ma9 ,(fice1 took a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ?is matt]4 ,ho?\ses 7 us$1 ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( success1 to cultivate ?is plant1 & ! exp]im5ts 7 cont9u$40 7,,no-#ddj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ada47 ,on #cj ,may #aidb1 ,dr4 ,claub]g wrote to ,himml] ask+ 8 support on /]ilization exp]im5ts on female conc5tration camp inmates4 7,,no-#baa1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afi47 ,on #d ,june ! def5dant ,popp5dick =w>d$ to ,rudolf ,br&t a li/ ( doctors :o 7 au?oriz$ to c>ry out /]ilization4 ,claub]g is li/$ among ^! doctors4 7,,no-#bad1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afh47 ,on #g & #h ,july1 a conf]5ce took place betwe5 ,himml]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,gluecks1 & ,claub]g4 ,! topic ( discussion 0 ! /]ilization ( ,jewesses4 ,claub]g 0 promis$ by ,himml] t ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp w\ld be plac$ at 8 disposal = exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,he 0 assign$ ! task ( p]=m+ exp]im5ts to te/ a me?od ( /]iliz+ p]sons )\t _! k4 ,he 0 ord]$ to report on ?is matt] z soon z possible s t measures c\ld be tak5 8= ! practical realization ( ! /]ilizations on a l>g] scale04 ,x 0 sugge/$ t ,hohlfeld] be consult$ on ! /]ilization ( m5 by ,x-rays4 ,! p>ticipants 9 ! conf]5ce 7 admoni%$ t ^! exp]im5ts 7 a matt] ( utmo/ secrecy4 ,rudolf ,br&t d5i$ hav+ be5 pres5t at ?is conf]5ce4 ,be t z x may1 "o ( ! two file memor&a :i* reveal complete k ( all details discuss$ 9 ?is conf]5ce 0 dictat$ by ,br&t 7,,no-#bae1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agb71 & ! o!r 0 sign$ by him4 7,,no-#baf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agj47 ,on #aj ,july #aidb1 ,rudolf ,br&t wrote a lett] to ,claub]g 9 :i* he in=m$ him ( ! details ( 8 assignm5t & ! plans = ! execution ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,claub]g 0 ord]$ to report to ,himml] on h[ long x w\ld take to /]ilize1 a ?\s& ,jewesses by 8 me?od4 ,x 0 sugge/$ t ,claub]g %\ld contact ,pohl & a camp physician ( ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp 9 ord] to p]=m !re 8 /]ilization exp]im5ts4 ,br&t /at$ fur!r3 8,?or\gh exp]im5ts %\ld be conduct$ to inve/igate ! effect ( ! /]ilization1 l>gely 9 a way t y c\ld f9d out aft] a c]ta9 "t1 :i* w\ld h to be fix$1 p]haps by ,x-rays1 :at k9d ( *anges h tak5 place4 ,9 "s cases a practical exp]im5t might be arrang$ by lock+ up a ,jewess & a ,jew toge!r = a c]ta9 p]iod & !n see+ :at results are a*iev$4 8,i ask y to let me "k y\r op9ion ab\t my lett] = ! in=mation ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss40 ,emphasis add$4 7,,no-#bac1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aga47 ,copies ( ?is lett] 7 s5t by ,br&t to ,pohl1 ,grawitz1 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,koegel ( ! ,economic & ,adm9i/rative ,ma9 ,(fice1 & to ,grupp5fuehr] ,muell] ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice4 ,on #g ,june #aidc1 ,claub]g 0 able to report1 on ! basis ( 8 exp]im5ts1 t x w\ld be possible to /]ilize sev]al hundr$1 if n a ?\s&1 p] day by 8 me?ods4 ,he /at$ t /]ilization c\ld be 8p]=m$ by a s+le injection made f ! entrance ( ! ut]us 9 ! c\rse ( ! usual cu/om>y gynecological exam9ation04 7,,no-#bab1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agc47 ,! /]ilization exp]im5ts ( ,claub]g 71 9 fact1 c>ri$ out 9 ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp4 ,br&t communicat$ ) ,claub]g on ?is matt] aga9 on #ai ,june & #bb ,july #aidc4 ,:ile ^! two lett]s are n available1 x is cle> f ,claub]g's reply to ,br&t1 dat$ #f ,augu/1 t ^! communications 7 rem9d]s to ,claub]g to exp$ite 8 exp]im5tation4 ,9 8 reply1 ,claub]g /at$3 8,i really d ne$ ! second ,x-ray in/allation--,i c give y ! explanation only by ^w ( m\?--at any rate ! probability exi/s t ev5 m ( ! in/allations w be ne$$ lat] on 7x dep5ds on1 ! application ( my results ! mom5t ^! are det]m9$74 ,= ,i c get ! in/allation )\t fur!r difficulties1 t is1 x is #8wait+' = me--really ,i h got x already6 8,i _h an opportunity to acquire "o myself & ,i quickly laid h&s on x1 & ! in/allation has be5 set up = "s weeks4 ,b :at ,i c>e = is ! foll[+3 8,i urg5tly ne$ ?is in/allation "h 9 ,ko5ig%uette = my contr>y 7positive7 rese>*4 ,b ,i _c sp>e x 9 ,aus*witz until ,i get a second in/allation f ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,if ,i may tell y some?+ betwe5 ourselves--! fact is t ,i w be able to replace my own exi/+ in/allation provid$ ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss w give me 8 approval4 ,i w\ld n bo!r ei!r him or y ) ?is unless x 7 really necess>y40 7,,no-#baj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agd47 ,br&t himself admitt$ 9 8 affidavit t ,claub]g did c>ry out /]ilization exp]im5ts 9 ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp on a l>ge scale4 ,he /at$3 8,dr4 ,claub]g develop$ fur!r a me?od = ! /]ilization ( wom54 ,?is me?od 0 bas$ ^u ! injection ( an irritat+ solution into ! ut]us4 ,claub]g conduct$ widespread exp]im5ts on ,jewi% wom5 & gypsies 9 ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp4 ,sev]al ?\s& wom5 7 /]iliz$ by ,claub]g 9 ,aus*witz40 7,,no-#ddj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ada47 ,/]ilization ( ,jews by means ( ,x-rays 0 sugge/$ to ,himml] by ! def5dant ,brack 9 ! spr+ ( #aida4 7,,no-#dbf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afj47 ,himml] reque/$ ,brack to inve/igate ) "s ( ! physicians :o 7 active 9 ! eu?anasia program1 ! possibility ( /]ilization :i* w\ld keep ! victims unaw>e ( _! t]rible fate4 7,tr4 p4 #gdhd47 ,on #bh ,m>* #aida1 ,brack =w>d$ to ,himml] a report ( ! results ( exp]im5ts conc]n+ ,x-ray ca/rations 9 :i* he /at$ t mass /]ilization by means ( ,x-rays c\ld be c>ri$ out )\t difficulty4 ,brack e/imat$ t ) tw5ty ,x-ray in/allations1 /]ilization ( #c1jjj to #d1jjj victims c\ld be c>ri$ out daily4 7,,no-#bjc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afa47 ,on #ab ,may #aida a subord9ate ( ,br&t1 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,tief5ba*]1 ackn[l$g$ receipt ( ,brack's report & s5t a copy to ! ,*ief ( ! ,security ,police & ,,sd1 ,heydri*4 7,,no-#bjd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afb47 ,! invasion ( ,russia began 9 ! summ] ( #aida & ,brack's proposal 0 n act$ on imm$iately1 b on #bc ,june #aidb1 :5 ,g]many appe>$ to be on ! v]ge ( victory1 ,brack aga9 wrote to ,himml] sugge/+ ! /]ilization ( ,jews :o 7 able to "w4 ,jews unable to "w 7 be+ ext]m9at$4 7,,no-#bje1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afc47 ,himml] wrote to ,brack on #aa ,augu/ #aidb t fur!r exp]im5ts to asc]ta9 ! effectiv5ess ( ,x-ray /]ilization %\ld be c>ri$ out on conc5tration camp inmates by exp]t physicians :o 7 to be furni%$ by ,brack's *ief1 ,b\hl]4 ,rudolf ,br&t s5t copies ( ?is lett] to ,pohl & ,grawitz 9 ord] to put ,himml]'s decision into effect4 7,,no-#bjf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afd47 ,brack ord]$ 8 deputy1 ,blank5burg1 to contact ! *iefs ( ! conc5tration camps = ?is purpose4 ,blank5burg's lett]1 :i* communicat$ ?is fact to ,himml]1 0 receiv$ by ,br&t's (fice on #ae ,augu/ #aidb4 7,,no-#bjg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afe47 ,z a result1 exp]im5ts on inmates 9 ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp 7 c>ri$ out by ,dr4 ,s*umann4 7,,no-#bjh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aff47 ,"o ( ! victims ( ^! atroci\s exp]im5ts :o1 aft] hav+ be5 subject$ to sev]e doses ( ,x-ray 9 ! g5ital area1 0 ca/rat$ by op]ation 9 ord] to det]m9e ! effects ( ! ,x-ray4 7,tr4 p4 #eda47 ,at lea/ #ajj involunt>y exp]im5tal subjects--,poles1 ,russians1 ,fr5*1 & prison]s ( w>--7 us$ = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,only "y1 well-built inmates1 9 ! be/ ( heal?1 7 select$ = !m4 7,tr4 pp4 #eef-g47 ,ne>ly all ! victims ( ^! exp]im5ts 7 ext]m9at$ z ! sev]e ,x-ray burns made !m incapable ( work+4 7,tr4 p4 #eeg2 ,tr4 p4 #edc47 ,br&t admitt$ 9 8 pretrial affidavit t 8/]ilization exp]im5ts 7 likewise conduct$ ) ,x-rays4 ,dr4 ,s*umann appli$ ?is proc$ure 9 ,aus*witz & /]iliz$ a numb] ( m540 7,,no-#ddj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ada47 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt#hc 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,/]ilization ,exp]im5ts ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt is also accus$ ( special responsibility = ^! exp]im5ts & ( p>ticipation 9 !m4 ,! evid5ce1 h[ev]1 prov$ t ?is cont5tion ( ! indictm5t is n true4 ,fir/ ( all x %\ld be po9t$ out t ! life "w ( ! def5dant ,gebh>dt z a physician 0 bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( help+ ! physically & m5tally affect$ & to f9d cures = re/or+ !m z fully qualifi$ memb]s ( human society4 ,t 0 ! reason = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! tra9+ camp ,hoh5as*au 9 ! l[] ,alps ( ,bav>ia1 :i* 0 repeat$ly m5tion$ 9 ! evid5ce4 ,he also made ?is pr9ciple ! f9d+ pr9ciple ( 8 "w z *ief physician ( ! hospital at ,hoh5ly*54 ,! def5dant ,gebh>dt did n hold ! op9ion t a s\nd population policy c\ld be realiz$ by negative measures only2 on ! contr>y1 he 0 conv9c$ t ! faculties ( physically & m5tally h&icapp$ pati5ts ought to be improv$ by new me?ods ( treatm5t & _! effici5cy ?us increas$4 ,he appli$ ^! pr9ciples n only 9 8 rehabilitation surg]y deal+ ) injuries b also 9 ! cure ( h]$it>y physical defects4 ,i am "h ref]r+ to ! affidavits ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,isel+1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,bu]kle de la ,camp1 & ( ! ,g5]al>zt1 ,dr4 von ,heuss4 7,gebh>dt #g1 ,gebh>dt ,ex4 #a2 ,gebh>dt #h1 ,gebh>dt ,ex4 #b2 ,gebh>dt #i1 ,gebh>dt ,ex4 #c47 ,i fur!r ref] to ! affidavits pres5t$ 9 c\rt z exhibits 9 volume ,,ii ( my docum5t books4 ,all ^! witnesses' affidavits 9 connection ) ! def5dant's own /atem5ts make x obvi\s t 8 m$ical attitude 0 n bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( negative selection & ! de/ruction ( unwor?y lives or ! prev5tion ( propagation ( su* human be+s b1 on ! contr>y1 t he 0 l$ by ! conviction t ^! human be+s mu/ be help$ ins(> z m$ical sci5ce 0 able to help !m at all4 ,9 _! pres5tation ( evid5ce1 ! prosecution pres5t$ docum5ts conc]n$ ) ! /]ilization exp]im5ts4 ,x is obvi\s f ^! docum5ts t ?ree diff]5t me?ods ( quick & simple /]ilization _h be5 consid]$4 ,! fir/ exp]im5ts 7 suppos$ to be c>ri$ out ) caladium segu9um4 ,! docum5ts pres5t$ 9 ?is connection prov$ cle>ly t ! def5dant ,gebh>dt _h no?+ to d ) ?is matt] & t he app>5tly _h no k ( x4 ,may ,i1 z a matt] ( precaution1 po9t out ! foll[+3 to />t )1 ,i wi% to ref] to ! lett] ( ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl ( #aj ,m>* #aidb1 :i* proves t ! exp]im5ts ) caladium segu9um 7 suppos$ to be c>ri$ out on crim9als ^: /]ilization _h be5 ord]$ be=e t anyway4 7,,no-#jcf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #adc47 ,9 ?is connection ,i %\ld l to po9t out t ! ,g]man ,p5al ,code expressly provides 9 c]ta9 cases = compulsory /]ilization & ca/ration ( c]ta9 types ( crim9als4 ,! exp]im5ts 9 !mselves1 !re=e1 ne$ n be contr>y to ! law4 ,f ! o!r docum5ts pres5t$ by ! prosecution x is1 h[ev]1 to be se5 t ! plans to c>ry out /]ilizations ) caladium segu9um 7 dropp$4 ,x turn$ out t a cultivation ( ?is plant1 or at lea/ ( a quantity adequate = exp]im5tal purposes 0 impossible4 ,f ! evid5ce pres5t$ by ! prosecution x is obvi\s t x only came to prep>atory measures :i*1 accord+ to g5]ally ackn[l$g$ pr9ciples1 _c be consid]$ puni%able4 ,! second "p ( ! docum5ts deals ) /]ilization by ,x-rays4 ,! prosecution pres5t$ no evid5ce f :i* x c be conclud$ t ! def5dant ,gebh>dt _h k ( ?is matt]4 ,f9ally1 ! ?ird "p ( ! docum5ts deals ) /]ilization exp]im5ts con=m+ ) ! me?ods ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,claub]g4 ,f ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,claub]g's lett] to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] dat$ #cj ,may #aidb pres5t$ by ! prosecution z evid5ce1 x is obvi\s t ! initiative = ^! exp]im5ts & ! me?ods us$ orig9at$ exclusively ) ,pr(essor ,claub]g himself4 ,9 ?is connection1 x mu/ be po9t$ out t x 0 q obvi\s t ,pr(essor ,claub]g's int5tion 0 n only to develop ! simple/ possible me?od ( /]ilization1 b t he aim$ at ! e/abli%m5t ( an all-inclusive 8,rese>* ,in/itute = ,propagation ,biology0 ) due consid]ation = ! dem&s ( a positive population policy4 ,?is is demon/rat$ among o!r ?+s by ! cont5t ( ,docum5t ,,no-#baa1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #afi1 & ! plan = ?is rese>* in/itute atta*$ to t docum5t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( evid5ce & ref]r+ to ! /]ilization exp]im5ts1 ! prosecution has submitt$ two file notes ( ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t 7,,no-#baf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agj2 ,,no-#bae1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agb7 :i* ref] to a discussion ) ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss on #g ,july #aidb & #h ,july #aidb1 9 :i* ! def5dant ,gebh>dt _h p>ticipat$4 ,! evid5ce has %[n t ^! are two file notes :i* ref] to ! same discussion4 ,! evid5ce1 h[ev]1 has fur!r demon/rat$ t ?is 0 ! v discussion dur+ :i* ! conditions 7 e/abli%$ "u :i* ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts 7 to be c>ri$ out4 ,?is 0 ! reason :y ! def5dant ,gebh>dt took "p 9 ?is discussion at all4 ,! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t :o _h writt5 ^! file notes did n p>ticipate 9 ! discussion1 & obvi\sly ! file notes 7 made due to "s rem>ks made by ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] to ! def5dant ,br&t foll[+ ! discussion4 ,! fact t ! def5dant ,gebh>dt _h no?+ :atsoev] to d ) ^! /]ilization exp]im5ts is also demon/rat$ by ano!r docum5t :i* 0 also introduc$ z evid5ce by ! prosecution4 ,i ref] 9 ?is connection to ! lett] :i* ! def5dant ,br&t by ord] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss s5t to ,pr(essor ,claub]g on #aj ,july #aidb1 t is1 a few days aft] ! discussion m5tion$4 ,?is lett] has be5 submitt$ to ! ,tribunal by ! prosecution4 7,,no-#bac1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aga47 ,copies ( ?is lett] 7 s5t to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl1 to ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,grawitz 9 8 capacity z ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & to two o!r (fices1 b n to ! def5dant ,gebh>dt4 ,!re c be no d\bt t a copy ( ?is lett] w\ld h be5 s5t to ?is def5dant1 too1 if 8 p>ticipation 9 ,claub]g's exp]im5ts w\ld h be5 decid$ ^u or ev5 consid]$ 9 any =m4 ,?is seems to be ! m impossible1 ap>t f ! reasons already giv51 s9ce ! def5dant ,gebh>dt at no "t conc]n$ himself ) /]ilization problems4 ,9 ?is connection x is necess>y to ref] briefly to ! affidavit ( ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 ( #ai ,octob] #aidf1 :i* has be5 introduc$ by ! prosecution & 9 :i* x is ass]t$ among o!r ?+s t 8,dr4 ,k>l ,gebh>dt app>5tly p]=m$ surgical /]ilization at ! ,rav5sbrueck camp40 7,,no-#ddj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ada47 ,by ! word+ ( ?is affidavit x is already demon/rat$ t "h only an assumption is /at$4 ,! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t c\ld n /ate any facts on :i* he c\ld base ?is assumption4 ,9 view ( ! o!r result ( ! evid5ce1 & above all because ( ,rudolf ,br&t's own /atem5ts1 no sub/antial value c be atta*$ to ?is affidavit4 ,9 ^! circum/ances x w be useless to discuss ?is "q any fur!r1 especially also 9 view ( ! fact t surgical /]ilization (f]s no problems & t x is difficult to und]/& :at reasons ! def5dant ,gebh>dt c\ld h _h to "w on ?is field :i* 0 q =eign to him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,pokorny 99 99 99 99 99 ,/]ilization ) caladium segu9um is impossible z is %[n by ! foll[+ op9ions3 #a4 ,op9ion ( ,dr4 ,augu/ ,wilhelm ,=/ ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,muni*4 7,pokorny #bj1 ,pokorny ,ex4 #bh47 ,?is op9ion /ates3 8,ap>t f all ^! re/rictions x appe>s to me t ! :ole idea _c claim to h any actual significance1 s9ce x w\ld h>dly h be5 possible to import tropical plants 9 l>ge numb]s to ,europe dur+ ! w> & to "w out a rational me?od = production ( ! effective sub/ance z well z ! initiation ( animal exp]im5ts on a broad basis4 ,?is w\ld h requir$ disproportionally m "t ?an 0 available up to ! "t :5 ! w> 0 lo/40 #b4 ,op9ion ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,helmu? ,weese1 ,director ( ! ,ph>macological ,in/itute ( ! ,m$ical ,academy 9 ,duesseldorf4 7,pokorny #ai1 ,pokorny ,ex4 #bg47 ,?is op9ion /ates3 8,ask$ :e!r x c be assum$ t aft] /udy+ ! "w ( ,g4 ,madaus & ,dr4 ,e4 ,ko*1 #8,/udies 9 ,animal ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ,m$ical ,/]ilization by ,caladium ,segu9um' 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,exp]im5tal ,m$ic9e1 page #fh1 #aida1 a doctor c come to ! conclusion t he c /]ilize human be+s ) caladium segu9um1 ,i h ! foll[+ comm5t3 8,9 ! rese>* m5tion$ x 0 prov$ t ! au?ors manag$ to /]ilize rats by fe$+ !m ) ! juice ( caladium segu9um4 ,! pro( is n only giv5 by pair+ exp]im5ts b by anatomical exam9ations4 ,9 ord] to a*ieve ?is /]ilization ( female z well z ( male rats weigh+ #aej-ahj grams1 daily doses ( cubic c5timet] = ea* rat _h to be adm9i/]$ #cj-ej times & #dj-ij times1 respectively1 )\t assur+ a c]ta9 result4 ,appli$ to a human be+ weigh+ #gj kilograms ?is w\ld mean t #bjj grams ( juice w\ld h to be adm9i/]$ daily4 8,x is also prov$ 9 ^! exam9ations t a l>ge numb] ( ! animals treat$ di$ f ! poison\s effects ( ! caladium juice4 ,! juice has !re=e no specific action on ! reproductive sy/em4 ,x is /ill completely unkn[n if ^! injuri\s complications are caus$ by ! ma9 sub/ance ( ! juice or any o!r +r$i5ts4 8,su* nonspecific damage to ! reproductive sy/em 9 simil> ways b ) diff]5t sub/ances is also obs]v$ 9 human be+s1 = example z result ( s]i\s abuse ( nicot9e1 morph9e1 etc41 :]e x also occurs only toge!r ) mo/ sev]e h>m to o!r functions4 8,! "q arises = e doctor if ^! exp]im5ts on rats c be appli$ to human be+s at all4 ,madaus & ,ko* reject !m on pr9ciple because !y m]ely want to det]m9e if ! layman's belief ab\t /]iliz+ m5 ) l>ge am\nts ( ! caladium extract c be prov$ 9 animal exp]im5ts4 8,a pr]equisite = ! use ( ! caladium extract on human be+s 9 our c\ntries w\ld be ! cultivation 9 c5tral ,europe ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican caladium4 ,?is appe>s extremely improbable to any /ud5t ( natural sci5ce ) ! lea/ exp]i5ce4 ,ev5 if x c\ld be cultivat$1 ?is w\ld n prove t x w\ld produce ! same effective sub/ances 9 suffici5t quantities 9 our mod]ate climate4 8,because ( ! unc]ta9 effect ( ! caladium extract1 its high toxicity1 ! d\bts z to its successful cultivation & use 9 our mod]ate climate1 ,i consid] x extremely improbable t ev5 a doctor ) only av]age intellig5ce c\ld 9 s]i\sness emb>k on an exp]im5t to /]ilize human be+s ) caladium extract4 ,no o!r conv9c+ f\ndation on :i* ! problem "u discussion might be bas$ besides ! "w ( ,madaus & ,ko* is kn[n to me40 #c4 ,op9ion ( ,dr4 ,fri$ri* ,jung1 lectur] at ! ,ph>macological ,in/itute ( ,wu]zburg ,univ]sity4 7,pokorny #cj1 ,pokorny ,ex4 #cj47 ,?is op9ion /ates3 8,summ>y3 ,! f9d+s ( ,madaus & ,ko* 9 _! "w #8,/udies 9 ,animal ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ,m$ical ,/]ilization by ,caladium ,segu9um' are c]ta9ly valid1 b !y d n prove any?+ ) reg>d to a specific /]iliz+ effect ( caladium segu9um2 !y are r to be accept$ z "p ( ! g5]al poison\s effect ( ! caladium extract4 ,"o c !re=e /]ilize ) caladium or a*ieve ! effect ( ca/ration1 b n m & n less ?an "o c /]ilize by hung]1 vitam9 defici5cy1 infections1 psy*ic insults1 etc4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,madaus & ,ko* are 9 no way conclusive ) reg>d to human be+s4 ,! symptoms on ! sexual gl&s ( ! exp]im5tal animals are only a rev]sible p>tial symptom ( a long la/+1 almo/ fatal1 s]i\s injury to ! entire organism1 & h no connection ) an actual /]ilization or ca/ration4 ,dr4 ,pokorny's proposals bas$ ^u c]ta9 completely unf\nd$ conclusions drawn f ,madaus' "w c be recogniz$ ev5 by slightly educat$ m5 z q app>5tly utopian40 #d4 ,! exp]t witness ( ! prosecution1 ,dr4 ,fri$ri* ,s*eiff>t1 writes 7,,no-#ccdg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #edf73 8,! exp]im5tal /]ilization by caladium segu9um is a sci5tifically int]e/+ b1 9 practice1 an unimportant addition to ! gr\p ( ph>macological me?ods ( /]ilization1 :i* )\t exception 9 _! totality h n gone beyond a c]ta9 !oretical int]e/40 ,! prosecution itself /ates 7,tr4 p4 #ebe73 8,! prosecution admits op5ly t x _c prove t /]ilization 0 actually br\ght ab\t ?r\gh ?is drug4 ,we h n be5 able to f9d anybody :o has be5 actually /]iliz$ by x4 ,b we ma9ta9 t x is nev]!less a crime4 ,we /rongly hope t no p]man5t /]ilization has be5 caus$ 9 any case ) ?is drug4 ,h[ev] x is =tunate t ! plants f :i* ?is sub/ance 0 receiv$ c\ld n be cultivat$ to a great] ext5t40 ,f9al ,summ>y ( ! ,def5se3 ,no?+ c\ld or did occur ) ! caladium plant z ! prosecution admits & z has completely be5 prov$ by ! exp]t op9ions4 ,9 an affidavit by ,k>l ,tauboeck 7,,no-#cifc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ebh7 ! prosecution ref]r$ to ! idea t /]ilization ) caladium segu9um is n an ideal "o1 b a matt] :i* lies well )9 ! b\nds ( possibility4 ,! def5se on ! o!r h& cont5ds t ?is affidavit is lack+ 9 cr$ibility because ( ! exp]t op9ions4 ,! exp]t witness ( ! def5se1 univ]sity lectur] ,dr4 ,fri$ri* ,jung1 9 8 enclosure to ! exp]t op9ion 7,pokorny #cj1 ,pokorny ,ex4 #cj7 comm5ts z foll[s on ,k>l ,tauboeck's affidavit3 8,conc]n+ ! p]son-- 8,dr4 ,tauboeck is1 accord+ to 8 education1 a natural sci5ti/ ) additional specializ$ /udies 9 plant *emi/ry4 ,8 m$ical education is conf9$ to hi/ology1 physiology1 physiological *emi/ry1 immunology1 & ph>macology4 ,by virtue ( 8 education1 he calls himself #8a speciali/ 9 ?is field'1 i4 e41 9 ! field ( m$icam5tal /]ilization4 ,i %\ld l to /ress ! fact t ! title #8speciali/' 9 ! field ( /]ilization presupposes consid]able m$ical & 9 p>ticul> gynecological k1 :i* g5]ally may be acquir$ only 9 a complete /udy ( m$ic9e or a p5etrat+ /udy ov] sev]al ye>s 9 ! mat]ia m$ica4 8,! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,tauboeck 9 sev]al places lacks t critical attitude :i* is s necess>y 9 sci5tific que/ions1 especially if !y are discuss$ "u oa?4 ,dr4 ,tauboeck /ates1 = example1 "u po9t #e1 t caladium segu9um 0 us$ z a means ( /]ilization by ! natives ( ,brazil4 ,he calls ?is ass]tion ( ! ,indians1 :i* has be5 report$ 9 lit]ature1 a fact4 ,"u po9t #f he calls ! reports f ,brazil vague1 only to ass]t lit]ally sev]al l9es fur!r on t #8! ,brazilian natives h already rea*$ ca/ration effects ) an arr[ w\nd1 i4 e41 ) an intramuscul> injection'4 ,?is ass]tion is n prov$1 & is !re=e1 9 my op9ion1 out ( place 9 an affidavit4 ,fur!rmore ,dr4 ,tauboeck makes a l>ge numb] ( apodictic ass]tions1 = :i* he br+s no direct pro( :atev] & :i* he tries to /r5g!n ) ! help ( absolutely imp]missible g5]alizations ( ! examples li/$ "u po9ts #g a-d4 ,su* analogical conclusions are n p]missible 9 a s]i\s sci5tific explanation1 ! m s s9ce also ! examples br\ght by him are by no means unobjectionable4 ,moreov]1 ,dr4 ,tauboeck1 "u po9t #h1 draws a conclusion f ! exp]im5ts by ,madaus & ,ko*1 :i* c only be bas$ on an insuffici5t k ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,he writes lit]ally3 #8,?is bitt] sub/ance 0 lack+ 9 ! plants ( ! firm ,madaus1 ! use ( ! press$ juice = fe$+ 0 accompli%$ !re )\t any irritation ( ! ph>yngeal muc\s membranes or ! tongue4' ,accord+ to ! evid5ce on h&1 ,madaus & ,ko* adm9i/]$ ! press$ juice ?r\gh prob+1 no d\bt 9 ord] to avoid ?is v irritation4 8,^! f9d+s may be fur!r enl>g$ ^u by att5tive read+ ( ,dr4 ,tauboeck's /atem5t4 ,i1 !re=e1 d n consid] ,dr4 ,tauboeck to be qualifi$ z a sci5tific exp]t 9 ?is "q40 99 99 99 99 99 ,conclusion ( ! ,def5se3 ,! affidavit ( ,k>l ,tauboeck produc$ at ! end ( ! case-9-*ief _c alt] ! fact t x is impossible to /]ilize or ca/rate human be+s ) caladium segu9um4 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,pros4 ,ex4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#cifc #ebh ,extracts f affidavit ( ,k>l ,wilhelm #gaj ,fri$ri* ,tauboeck1 #ah ,june #aidg1 conc]n+ ! developm5t (1 & exp]im5ts ) /]ilization drugs4 ,,no-#jce #adb ,lett] f ,pokorny to ,himml]1 ,octob] #aida1 #gac conc]n+ a /]ilization drug to be us$ aga9/ ,g]many's enemies4 ,,no-#jcf #adc ,lett] f ,himml]1 #aj ,m>* #aidb1 to ,pohl #gad 7initiat$ by ,rudolf ,br&t7 conc]n+ a /]ilization drug & sugge/+ fur!r rese>* on crim9als4 ,,no-#jch #adg ,lett] f ,rudolf ,br&t to ,pohl1 ,june #aidb1 #gae transmitt+ an inquiry by ,himml] z to ! progress made ) exp]im5ts = m$ical /]ilization4 ,,no-#jdf;a #adh ,lett] f ,pohl to ,himml]1 #c ,june #aidb1 #gaf conc]n+ ! developm5t ( a /]ilization drug by ! firm ( ,dr4 ,madaus & ,co4 ,,no-#jdf;b #adi ,lett] f ,rudolf ,br&t to ,pohl1 #aa ,june #gag #aidb1 ask+ him on behalf ( ,himml] to set up a l>ge ho?\se = ! developm5t ( a /]ilization drug4 ,,no-#jci #aec ,lett] f ,gund to ,himml]1 #bd ,augu/ #aidb1 #gag conc]n+ rese>* 9 m$ical /]ilization & developm5t ( /]ilization drugs4 ,,no-#bjc #afa ,cov]+ lett] f ,brack to ,himml]1 #bh #gai ,m>* #aida1 ) report on exp]im5ts conc]n+ /]ilization & ca/ration by ,x-rays4 ,,no-#bje #afc ,lett] f ,brack to ,himml]1 #bc ,june #aidb1 #gba propos+ /]ilization ( two to ?ree million ,jews4 ,,no-#bjf #afd ,lett] f ,himml] 7c\nt]sign$ by ,rudolf #gbb ,br&t71 #aa ,augu/ #aidb1 address$ to ,brack1 conc]n+ ,himml]'s int]e/ 9 /]ilization exp]im5ts4 ,,no-#bjh #aff ,lett] f ,blank5burg to ,himml]1 #bi ,april #gbc #aidd1 reg>d+ employm5t ( ,dr4 ,hor/ ,s*umann on exp]im5ts conc]n+ ! influ5ce ( ,x-rays on human g5ital gl&s 9 connection ) simil> exp]im5ts conduct$ at conc5tration camp ,aus*witz4 ,,no-#baa #afi ,lett] f ,pr(essor ,claub]g to ,himml]1 #cj #gbd ,may #aidb 7ref]r+ to a lett] f ,rudolf ,br&t71 conc]n+ ! urg5cy ( rese>* into biological propagation & /]ilization )\t op]ation1 & draft ( a 8,rese>* ,in/itute = ,biological ,propagation40 ,,no-#baf #agj ,memor&um ( ,rudolf ,br&t1 ,july #aidb1 on a #gbh discussion betwe5 ,himml]1 ,gebh>dt1 ,gluecks1 & ,claub]g conc]n+ /]ilization exp]im5ts conduct$ on ,jewesses4 ,,no-#bac #aga ,lett] f ,rudolf ,br&t to ,claub]g1 #aj ,july #gbi #aidb1 transmitt+ in/ructions ( ,himml] to p]=m /]ilizations on ,jewesses at conc5tration camp ,rav5sbrueck4 ,,no-#bab #agc ,lett] f ,pr(essor ,claub]g to ,himml]1 #g #gcj ,june #aidc1 report+ on rese>* 9 connection ) ! /]ilization ( wom54 ,te/imony ,extract f ! te/imony ( ! def5dant ,viktor ,brack #gcb ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#cifc ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ebh ,,extracts ,,f ,,affidavit ,,( ,,k>l ,,wilhelm ,,fri$ri* ,,tauboeck1 #ah ,,june #aidg1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,developm5t ,,(1 ,,& ,,exp]im5ts ,,) ,,/]ilization ,,drugs ,i1 ,k>l ,wilhelm ,fri$ri* ,tauboeck1 swe>1 depose1 & /ate3 #a4 ,i 0 born on #ba ,septemb] #aijd 9 ,josef/adt1 ,cze*oslovakia4 ,i h be5 an ,au/rian citiz5 all my life4 ,f #aiaj to #aiae ,i att5d$ ! elem5t>y s*ool 9 ,leitm]itz & ,pils51 ,cze*oslovakia4 ,f #aiae to #aibc ,i att5d$ ! gymnasium 7high s*ool7 9 ,pils5 7,cze*oslovakia71 ,ljubljana 7,yugoslavia7 & ,klo/]neuburg 7,au/ria74 ,9 ,june #aibc ,i graduat$ f ! ,klo/]neuburg high s*ool4 ,f #aibc to #aibe ,i /udi$ natural sci5ce at ! ,univ]sity ( ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 specializ+ 9 plant physiology & *emi/ry4 ,9 #aibe ,i /udi$ at ,kiel 7,g]many71 :]e ,i devot$ myself ma9ly to problems ( m>9e biology & bact]iology4 ,f #aibf to #aibg ,i aga9 /udi$ ! above-m5tion$ natural sci5ce subjects 9 ,vi5na 7,au/ria74 ,9 ,decemb] #aibg ,i 0 made ,doctor ( ,philosophy ) special di/9ction4 ,my !sis dealt ) a problem conc]n+ vegetable *emi/ry--urea 9 ! plant _w4 #b4 ,f #aibh to #aibi ,i 0 assi/ant 9 ! ,in/itute ( ,plant ,physiology ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,vi5na1 ,au/ria4 ,9 ?is capacity ,i _h to direct ! practical /udies ( ! /ud5ts & 0 able to c>ry out my own rese>* 9 ! field ( vegetable *emi/ry4 ,i also cont9u$ my /udies !re 9 ! m$ical faculty ( t ,univ]sity1 9 sev]al m$ical subjects1 especially 9 hi/ology1 physiology1 physiological *emi/ry1 immunology1 & ph>macology4 ,^! above-m5tion$ /udies made x possible = me to be able to c>ry out indep5d5tly te/s on ! efficacy ( drugs 9 animal exp]im5ts4 #c4 ,f #aicj to #aide ,i 0 employ$ z a bio*emi/ & botani/ 9 ! biological laboratory ( ! ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b59du/rie ,a4 ,g4 at ,ludwig%af5_/,rh9e4 ,i specializ$ !re 9 drugs ) p>ticul> effects on ! animal & human organisms1 respectively4 ,?r\gh ?is "w ,i inv5t$ v>i\s new rem$ies bas$ on biology4 ,9 p>ticul> ,i /udi$ ! "q ( animal poisons = _m ye>s & ?us produc$ a new rem$y = rheumatism4 ,i also work$ on ! "q ( ! /imulant f ! s5sitive plant 7,mimosa pudica7 & simil> sub/ances effective 9 m9imum quantities4 ,dur+ ! w> ye>s ,i work$ on bio*emical problems conc]n+ agriculture & z a result ( my "w produc$ an improv$ f]tiliz]4 ,! ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b59du/rie ,a4 ,g4 at ,ludwig%af5 at ,rh9e employ$ sev]al hundr$ natural sci5ti/s & te*nicians4 ,s9ce #aicg ,i 0 ! s5ior speciali/ 9 vegetable *emi/ry !re4 #d4 ,9 ! fall ( #aidb1 ,i 0 in/ruct$ by ! director ( my laboratory1 ,dr4 ,muell]-,cunradi1 to devote my "t to rese>* on ! effective sub/ance f ! plant caladium segu9um 7,s*weigrohr74 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb] #aidb1 ,i 0 s5t to ,dr4 ,s*amb]g] ( ! ,rese>* ,in/itute ,grunewald-,b]l9 = ! purpose ( obta9+ fur!r in=mation4 ,! ,rese>* ,in/itute ,grunewald 0 a cov] "n = a cam\flag$ ,,ss (fice4 ,! address 0 ,grunewald-,b]l91 ,delbrueck/rasse #f4 ,!re ,i 0 told t ?is plant 0 to be us$ = /]iliz+ m5tal pati5ts4 ,9 ord] to obta9 fur!r in=mation ab\t ! progress ( exp]im5ts ) caladium segu9um :i* _h already tak5 place1 ,i _h to visit ! firm ,madaus 9 ,dresd5-,radebeul1 toge!r ) ,dr4 ,s*amb]g] & ano!r ,,ss man4 ,?is firm _h already made animal exp]im5ts ) ?is plant & publi%$ ! results 9 a m$ical j\rnal 9 #aida4 ,i 0 introduc$ to ! firm ,madaus z ,dr4 ,weiss1 s t nobody %\ld "k t ,i 0 an employee ( ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b54 ,! s5ior ph>macologi/ ( ! firm ,madaus ask$ u3 ,y mu/ be a commission f ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl1 to :i* ! ,,ss m5 repli$ 8yes04 ,! ph>macologi/ w5t on to tell u t a few days previ\sly ,pohl himself _h visit$ ! firm ,madaus toge!r ) sev]al o!r p & _h m5tion$ ! especial urg5cy ( ?is "w4 ,fur!rmore1 :ile visit+ ! firm ,madaus1 ,i *eck$ all ! equipm5t & exp]im5ts 9 ! c\rse ( "o day4 ,by c>eful exam9ation ( sections ( mice & rats & ( ! hi/ological prep>ations1 ,i 0 conv9c$ t ! publications ( ! firm ,madaus 7 p]fectly true4 ,by ?is exam9ation ,i1 z a speciali/ 9 ?is field1 ga9$ ! conviction t /]ilization ) caladium segu9um is no ,utopia1 b some?+ :i* is q )9 ! b\nds ( possibility4 ,on ! return j\rney f ,dresd5 to ,b]l91 ! ,,ss m5 reveal$ to me t ?is rese>* 0 be+ c>ri$ out on ! express ord] ( ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] 9 ord] to suppress bir?s among ! ea/]n nations4 ,aft] ?is fact _h be5 reveal$ to me ,i 0 sworn to secrecy4 ,i 0 fur!rmore in=m$ at ! ,rese>* ,in/itute ,grunewald-,b]l9 t ! fir/ prep>ations 7 to be suppli$ z soon z possible1 z ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss _h ord]$ ! te/+ ( ! new me?od on inmates ( conc5tration camps to take place at once4 #e4 ,9 ord] to po9t out ! effectiv5ess & practical possibility ( us+ caladium segu9um z a /]ilization drug1 ,i w\ld l fir/ ( all to g into ! subject ( ! hi/ory ( ?is plant4 ,be=e do+ s1 h[ev]1 ,i w\ld l to add t caladium segu9um is n consid]$ a /]ilization drug 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! ^w1 b a ca/ration drug4 ,?is is evid5t f ! fact t ! exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by ! firm ,madaus h cle>ly %[n t a de/ruction ( ! sexual gl&s ( ! exp]im5tal animals occurr$ :i* is equival5t to ! surgical removal ( su* gl&s4 ,caladium segu9um is a plant :i* comes f ,brazil4 ,z ,i "k f ! lit]ature & ! publications made by ! firm ,madaus1 ?is plant has already be5 us$ by ! ,brazilian natives z a means ( /]ilization ( _! enemies4 ,x 0 adm9i/]$ to ! enemies ei!r 9 food or 9 arr[ w\nds4 ,by ?is me?od ( injection by arr[s1 only relatively small portions ( poison ga9$ f caladium segu9um c\ld h be5 adm9i/]$1 z ! w\nd produc$ by arr[s may be comp>$ ) a l>ge intramuscul> injection4 ,f ?is fact1 z le>n$ f lit]ature1 results ! conclusion t ?is poison1 if obta9$ by ! correct process1 is effective ev5 9 v small doses4 ,?is drug is describ$ 9 lit]ature z secret1 :i* %[s t ! enemy did n "k t he 0 be+ /]iliz$4 #f4 ,inspir$ by ?is exp]i5ce ( ! ,brazilian natives1 ! firm ,madaus c>ri$ out _! exp]im5ts on animals4 ,! results obta9$ by ! firm ,madaus :i* ,i h se5 ) my own eyes confirm ! effectiv5ess ( caladium segu9um z a means ( /]ilization = human be+s4 ,x 0 possible to d\bt :e!r ! caladium segu9um 0 actually effective accord+ to ! fir/ r vague reports com+ f ,brazil be=e ! exp]im5ts ( ! firm ,madaus _h be5 c>ri$ out4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,madaus1 h[ev]1 h elim9at$ all d\bts 9 ?is direction4 99 99 99 99 99 #aa4 ,z a result ( all examples & explanations m5tion$1 ,i am ( ! op9ion t mass production ( a ca/rat+ prep>ation f caladium segu9um 9 ,g]many or 9 ! ,g]man occupi$ c\ntries is no dream1 b c\ld easily h be5 put into practice4 ,ano!r pro( ( ! h>mfulness ( ! caladium poison is ! fact t ! ,madaus exam9ations confirm$ beyond d\bt ! ca/rative effect ( caladium despite all ! %ortcom+s already describ$4 ,all ?is made me realize at once ! crim9al "* ( su* rese>* & = ?is reason did n c>ry x out z f> z my specific ord] 0 conc]n$4 ,! ,,ss1 h[ev]1 took a great int]e/ 9 ?is matt]4 ,i receiv$ my ord]s z an employee ( ! ,i4 ,g4 ,f>b59du/rie f ! ,*ief ( ! ,security ,police1 fir/ ?r\gh ! cam\flag$ (fice ( ! ,rese>* ,in/itute ,grunewald-,b]l9 & lat] direct4 ,i "k1 h[ev]1 t ! firm ,madaus plac$ _! ord]s ?r\gh ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl sep>ately & ,i am n acqua9t$ ) ! developm5t ( ?is matt]4 ,i h read ! above /atem5t consi/+ ( sev5 pages1 9 ,g]man1 & decl>e x to be ! :ole tru? to my be/ k & belief4 ,i 0 giv5 an opportunity ( mak+ alt]ations & am5dm5ts 9 ! above /atem5t4 ,i h made ?is /atem5t ( my own free w1 "u no duress1 )\t promise ( rew>d4 ,nu]nb]g1 #ah ,june #aidg4 ,signature ,,dr4 ,,k>l ,,tauboeck ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jce ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #adb ,,lett] ,,f ,,pokorny ,,to ,,himml]1 ,,octob] #aida1 ,,conc]n+ ,a ,,/]ilization ,,drug ,,to ,,be ,,us$ ,,aga9/ ,,g]many',s ,,enemies ,to ! ,rei* ,commission] = ! ,consolidation ( ,g]man ,folkdom1 ,,ss ,h4 ,himml]1 ,*ief ( ,police1 ,b]l94 ,i beg y to turn y\r att5tion to ! foll[+ argum5ts4 ,i h reque/$ ,pr(essor ,hoehn to =w>d ?is lett] to y4 ,i h *os5 ?is direct way to y 9 ord] to avoid ! sl[] process ?r\gh *annels & ! possibility ( an indiscretion 9 reg>d to ! ev5tually enorm\s importance ( ! ideas pres5t$4 ,l$ by ! idea t ! enemy mu/ n only be conqu]$ b de/roy$1 ,i feel oblig$ to pres5t to y1 z ! ,rei* ,commission] = ! ,consolidation ( ,g]man ,folkdom1 ! foll[+3 ,dr4 ,madaus publi%$ ! result ( 8 rese>* on a m$ic9al /]ilization 7bo? articles are enclos$74 ,read+ ^! articles1 ! imm5se importance ( ?is drug 9 ! pres5t fight ( our p occurr$ to me4 ,if1 on ! basis ( ?is rese>*1 x 7 possible to produce a drug :i*1 aft] a relatively %ort "t1 effects an imp]ceptible /]ilization on human be+s1 !n we w\ld h a new p[]ful weapon at our disposal4 ,! ?\ght alone t ! #c million ,bol%eviks1 at pres5t ,g]man prison]s1 c\ld be /]iliz$ s t !y c\ld be us$ z labor]s b be prev5t$ f reproduction1 op5s ! mo/ f>-rea*+ p]spectives4 ,madaus f\nd t ! sap ( ! ,s*weigrohr 7caladium segu9um7 :5 tak5 by m\? or giv5 z injection to male & also to female animals1 aft] a c]ta9 "t1 produces p]man5t /]ility4 ,! illu/rations accompany+ ! sci5tific article are conv9c+4 ,if my ideas meet y\r approval1 ! foll[+ c\rse %\ld be tak53 #a4 ,dr4 ,madaus mu/ n publi% any m su* articles4 7,! enemy li/5s67 #b4 ,multiply+ ! plant4 7,easily cultivat$ 9 gre5h\ses67 ,writt5 notation ,da*au #c4 ,imm$iate rese>* on human be+s 7crim9als67 9 ord] to det]m9e ! dose & l5g? ( ! treatm5t4 #d4 ,quick rese>* ( ! con/itutional =mula ( ! effective *emical sub/ance 9 ord] to #e4 ,produce x syn!tically if possible4 ,z ,g]man physician & *ief physician ( ! res]ves ( ! ,g]man ,wehrma*t1 retir$ d4 ,r4 a4 ,d41 ,i und]take to keep secret ! purpose z sugge/$ by me 9 ?is lett]4 /amp ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,pokorny ,speciali/ = sk9 & v5]eal diseases1 ,m4 ,u4 ,dr4 ,ad4 ,pokorny ,komotau ,grab5 #cc ,komotau1 ,octob] #aida ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jcf ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #adc ,,lett] ,,f ,,himml]1 #aj ,,m>* #aidb1 ,,to ,,pohl 7,,initial$ ,,by ,,rudolf ,,br&t7 ,,conc]n+ ,a ,,/]ilization ,,drug ,,& ,,sugge/+ ,,fur!r ,,rese>* ,,on ,,crim9als ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,j\rnal ,no4 #geb_/e1 ,,rf_/,h4 ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #aj ,m>* #aidb #b ,w #a4e4 ,de> ,pohl1 ,i read ,dr4 ,pokorny's v int]e/+ memor&um & ,dr4 ,madaus' publications on m$ic9al /]ilization4 ,i w\ld ask y to get 9 t\* ) ,dr4 ,madaus & to in=m him1 on my behalf1 t he %\ld n publi% any?+ else on ^! que/ions ( m$ic9al /]ilization1 & (f] him possibilities ( do+ rese>*1 9 coop]ation ) ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss1 on crim9als :o w\ld h to be /]iliz$ 9 any case4 ,! int5d$ plan ( rese>* is1 h[ev]1 to be submitt$ to me by ! (fice engag$ on ! subject4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs1 ,sign$ ,h4 ,,himml] ,a copy is =w>d$ to ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss1 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,dr4 ,grawitz ) reque/ to take cognizance4 ,by ,ord]3 ,initial ,,br4 ,,br&t ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jch ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #adg ,,lett] ,,f ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,,to ,,pohl1 ,,june #aidb1 ,,transmitt+ ,,an ,,inquiry ,,by ,,himml] ,,z ,,to ,,! ,,progress ,,made ,,) ,,exp]im5ts ,,= ,,m$ical ,,/]ilization ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,p]sonal ,/aff ,j\rnal ,no4 ,,ar_/#geb_/e1 ,bra_/,bn4 ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 ,june #aidb ,top ,secret ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl ,b]l9 ,de> ,ob]grupp5fuehr]1 ,on #aj ,m>* #aidb1 ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss s5t y a memor&um writt5 by ,dr4 ,pokorny & ! publication ( ,dr4 ,madaus on m$ic9al /]ilization4 ,9 coop]ation ) ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss1 exp]im5ts 7 to be made accord+ly4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss inquir$ today z to h[ ?+s 7 progress+4 ,i w\ld appreciate x if ,i might h "s in=mation soon4 ,heil ,hitl] ,y\rs1 ,sign$ ,r4 ,,br&t ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jdf;a ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #adh ,,lett] ,,f ,,pohl ,,to ,,himml]1 #c ,,june #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,a ,,/]ilization ,,drug ,,by ,,! ,,firm ,,( ,,dr4 ,,madaus ,,& ,,co4 ,*ief ( ,,ss1 ,economics & ,adm9i/rative ,ma9 ,(fice ,*4 ,po_/,ha ,b]l91 #c ,june #aidb ,subject3 ,/]ilization by means ( drugs4 ,re3 ,y\r lett] ( #c ,octob] #aidb4 ,j\rnal ,no4 ,,ar4 #geb_/eb1 ,,rf_/,h ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/rasse #h ,de> ,rei* ,lead]3 ,9 ref]5ce to ! above matt]1 ,i _h a conv]sation today ) ,e4 ,ko*1 ,ph4 ,d4 & ,m4 ,d41 director ( ! ,biological ,in/itute ( ,dr4 ,madaus & ,co41 at ,dresd5-,radebeul4 ,i advis$ him ( y\r desire to h publications on ?is subject discont9u$ = ! "t be+4 ,dr4 ,ko* w comply ) y\r reque/4 ,fur!rmore1 exp]im5ts h rea*$ a dead po9t because ! caladium segu9um gr[s only 9 ,nor? ,am]ica & dur+ ! w> _c be import$ 9 adequate quantities4 ,dr4 ,ko*'s attempts to gr[ ?is plant f se$ cultivat$ 9 ho?\ses h be5 successful1 x is true2 b ! process is v sl[ & ! yield is n suffici5t to p]mit c>ry+ on exp]im5ts on a l>ge scale4 ,dr4 ,ko* is hopeful t ?is w be rem$i$ if x is possible = u to obta9 p]mission = him to build a l>g] ho?\se4 ,i promis$ him ?is4 ,= ! "t be+ ?is is ! fir/ & only practical /ep to promote ! project4 ,i %all cont9ue reports p]iodically4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,pohl ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] & ,g5]al ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jdf;b ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #adi ,,lett] ,,f ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,,to ,,pohl1 #aa ,,june #aidb1 ,,ask+ ,,him ,,on ,,behalf ,,( ,,himml] ,,to ,,set ,,up ,a ,,l>ge ,,ho?\se ,,= ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,a ,,/]ilization ,,drug ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,p]sonal ,/aff1 ,di>y ,no4 #abcj_/db1 ,bra_/,bu ,fuehr]'s ,headqu>t]s1 #aa ,june #aidb ,re3 ,m$ical /]ilization4 ,to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl ,b]l9 ,de> ,ob]grupp5fuehr]1 ,i h in=m$ ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ( y\r lett] ( #c ,june #aidb4 ,he asks y to see to x )\t fail t a l>ge ho?\se is set up z soon z possible = ,dr4 ,ko*4 ,he consid]s ! exp]im5ts extremely important4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss asks y to cont9ue to s5d 9 fur!r reports4 ,heil ,hitl] ,sign$ ,b4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jci ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aec ,,lett] ,,f ,,gund ,,to ,,himml]1 #bd ,,augu/ #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,rese>* ,,9 ,,m$ical ,,/]ilization ,,& ,,developm5t ,,( ,,/]ilization ,,drugs ,secret ,! ,deputy ,gauleit] ( ,l[] ,danube ,l[] ,au/ria ,vi5na1 #i1 ,wasagasse #aj1 #bd ,augu/ #aidb ,ge_/,s*d--#caj_/db g ,to3 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,pg4 ,he9ri* ,himml] ,b]l9 ,,sw #a1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/rasse #h ,sir1 ,at ! ord]s ( ,gauleit] ,dr4 ,jury1 8 /aff h hi!rto busi$ !mselves especially ) ! problems ( population1 racial policy1 & antisocial elem5ts4 ,s9ce ! prev5tion ( reproduction by ! cong5itally unfit & racially inf]ior belongs to ! duties ( our ,national ,sociali/ racial & demographic policy1 ! pres5t ,director ( ! ,di/rict ,(fice = ,racial ,policy1 ,gauhaupt/ell5leit] ,dr4 ,fehr+]1 has exam9$ ! "q ( /]ilization & f\nd t ! me?ods s f> available1 ca/ration & /]ilization1 are n suffici5t 9 !mselves to meet expectations4 ,consequ5tly1 ! obvi\s "q occurr$ to him :e!r impot5ce & /]ility c\ld n be produc$ 9 bo? m5 & wom5 by ! adm9i/ration ( m$ic9e or injections4 ,s he came to ! /udies ( ! ,biological ,in/itute ( ,dr4 ,madaus1 9 ,dresd5-,radebeul1 on animal exp]im5ts = m$ical /]ilization1 :i* became accessible to him ?r\gh ! ,madaus ,annual ,report1 ,i,vth ye>1 #aidj1 & are ( ! greate/ int]e/ = our demographic policy4 ,madaus & ,ko* f\nd t caladium sequ9um us$ 9 homeopa?ic doses1 t is1 adm9i/]$ 9 inf9itesimal quantities1 favorably affects impot5ce1 /]ility1 & frigidity 7sexual indiff]5ce71 s t cl9ical & m$ical rese>* %\ld n proce$ )\t reg>d to ?is fact4 ,x 0 e/abli%$ by an ext5sive s]ies ( exp]im5ts on rats1 rabbits1 & dogs t1 z ! result ( ! adm9i/ration or injection ( caladium extract1 male animals became impot5t & females b>r51 & ! diff]5ces 9 effect ( ! v>i\s me?ods ( apply+ ! drug c\ld be se54 ,f ! animal exp]im5ts1 x seems t a p]man5t /]ility is liable to result 9 male animals & a m tempor>y "o 9 females4 ,x is cle> t ^! obs]vations c\ld be ( trem5d\s importance if alt]ations ( pot5cy or fecundity c\ld also be successfully br\ght ab\t 9 human be+s by ! adm9i/ration ( a caladium extract4 ,rese>* on human be+s !mselves w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be necess>y = ?is4 ,! director ( my race policy (fice po9ts out t ! necess>y rese>* & human exp]im5ts c\ld be und]tak5 by an appropriately select$ m$ical /aff1 bas+ _! "w on ! ,madaus animal exp]im5ts 9 coop]ation ) ! ph>macological in/itute ( ! ,faculty ( ,m$ic9e ( ,vi5na1 on ! p]sons ( ! inmates ( ! gypsy camp ( ,lack5ba* 9 ,l[] ,danube4 ,x is q cle> t su* rese>* mu/ be h&l$ z a nationally important secret matt] ( ! mo/ dang]\s "*1 because enemy propag&a c\ld "w trem5d\s h>m all ov] ! _w by ! k ( su* rese>*1 %\ld x come by su* k4 ,s9ce ^! consid]ations are only a !ory1 ! fundam5tal accuracy ( :i* has already be5 e/abli%$ by animal exp]im5ts & ! possibility ( ! application ( :i* to human be+s is highly probable1 a m]e indication only c be giv5 ( ! prospects ( ! possibility ( ! /]ilization ( practically unlimit$ numb]s ( p 9 ! %orte/ "t & 9 ! simple/ way conceivable4 ,9 ?is connection1 ,i may p]haps po9t out t x w\ld surely be wor? :ile to /udy ! old cults & ! k ( _! prie/s conc]n+ ! promotion & prev5tion ( human pot5cy & fecundity4 ,primitive1 primeval populations :i* are close to nature _h1 & /ill h1 a v ext5sive k ( ?is subject )\t ^! ?+s be+ kn[n to sci5ce4 ,x is kn[n1 = in/ance1 t ! natives ( ,s\? ,am]ica attempt$ to de/roy ! pot5cy ( _! enemies by adm9i/]+ caladium segu9um to !m4 ,i %\ld be p>ticul>ly grateful to y if y w\ld give me y\r op9ion 9 ?is respect :5 ! occasion arises1 or ev5 ord] a concrete work+ plan to be submitt$ to y4 ,gauleit] ,dr4 ,jury w\ld p]sonally h approa*$ y ) ?is plan 7 he n at pres5t away on a vacation4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs fai?fully1 ,sign$ ,k4 ,,gund ,,ss ,ob]fuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bjc ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #afa ,,cov]+ ,,lett] ,,f ,,brack ,,to ,,himml]1 #bh ,,m>* #aida1 ,,) ,,report ,,on ,,exp]im5ts ,,conc]n+ ,,/]ilization ,,& ,,ca/ration ,,by ,x-,,rays ,viktor ,brack ,ob]di5/leit] ,b]l91 #bh ,m>* #aida ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,police ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/r4 #h ,h4 ,h4 ,h&writt5 initials ,top ,secret ,h&writt53 #a read #b #e ,may #da ,de> ,rei* ,lead]3 ,enclos$ h]e) = y\r in=mation is ! result ( ! inve/igations into ! possibility ( /]ilization or ca/ration1 respectively1 by means ( ,x-rays4 ,i reque/ y\r in/ructions z to :at fur!r !oretical or practical /eps1 if any1 are to be tak5 9 ?is matt]4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,,sign$ ,,brack ,enclosure ,! exp]im5ts 9 ?is field are conclud$4 ,! foll[+ result c be consid]$ z e/abli%$ & adequately bas$ on sci5tific rese>*3 ,if any p]sons are to be /]iliz$ p]man5tly1 ?is result c only be atta9$ by apply+ ,x-rays 9 a dosage high en\gh to produce ca/ration ) all its consequ5ces1 s9ce high ,x-ray dosages de/roy ! int]nal secretion ( ! ov>y1 or ( ! te/icles1 respectively4 ,l[] dosages w\ld only tempor>ily p>alyze ! procreative capacity4 ,! consequ5ces 9 "q are = example ! disappe>ance ( m5/ruation1 climact]ic ph5om5a1 *anges 9 capill>y gr[?1 modification ( metabolism1 etc4 ,9 any case1 att5tion mu/ be drawn to ^! disadvantages4 ,! actual dosage c be giv5 9 v>i\s ways1 & ! irradiation c take place q imp]ceptibly4 ,! necess>y local dosage = m5 is #ejj-fjj r1 = wom5 #cjj-cej r4 ,9 g5]al1 an irradiation p]iod ( #b m9utes = m51 #c m9utes = wom51 ) ! highe/ voltage1 a ?9 filt] & at a %ort di/ance1 ought to be suffici5t4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a disadvantage t has to be put up )3 z x is impossible unnoticeably to cov] ! re/ ( ! body ) lead1 ! o!r tissues ( ! body w be injur$1 & radiologic malaise1 ! s-call$ 8,ro5tg5kat]01 w ensue4 ,if ! ,x-ray int5sity is too high1 ^? p>ts ( ! sk9 :i* ! rays h rea*$ w exhibit symptoms ( burns--v>y+ 9 sev]ity 9 individual cases--9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ days or weeks4 ,"o practical way ( proce$+ w\ld be1 = in/ance1 to let ! p]sons to be treat$ approa* a c\nt]1 :]e !y c\ld be ask$ to answ] "s que/ions or to fill 9 =ms1 :i* w\ld take !m #b or #c m9utes4 ,! (ficial sitt+ beh9d ! c\nt] c\ld op]ate ! in/allation 9 su* a way z to turn a swit* :i* w\ld activate ! two valves simultane\sly 7s9ce ! irradiation has to op]ate f bo? sides74 ,) a two-valve in/allation ab\t #aej-bjj p]sons c\ld !n be /]iliz$ p] day1 & !re=e1 ) #bj su* in/allations z _m z #c1jjj-d1jjj p]sons p] day4 ,9 my e/imation a l>g] daily numb] c\ld n 9 any case be s5t away = ?is purpose4 ,z to ! exp5ses = su* a two-valve sy/em1 ,i c only give a r\gh e/imate ( approximately #bj1jjj-cj1jjj ,,rm4 ,additionally1 h[ev]1 !re w\ld be ! co/ ( ! con/ruction ( a new build+1 because adequately ext5sive protective in/allations w\ld h to be provid$ = ! (ficials on duty4 ,9 summ>y1 x may be said t1 hav+ reg>d to ! pres5t /ate ( radiological te*nique & rese>*1 mass /]ilization by means ( ,x-rays c be c>ri$ out )\t difficulty4 ,h[ev]1 x seems to be impossible to d ?is 9 su* a way t ! p]sons conc]n$ d n soon] or lat] realize ) c]ta9ty t !y h be5 /]iliz$ or ca/rat$ by ,x-rays4 ,sign$ ,,brack ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bje ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #afc ,,lett] ,,f ,,brack ,,to ,,himml]1 #bc ,,june #aidb1 ,,propos+ ,,/]ilization ,,( ,,two ,,to ,,?ree ,,million ,,jews ,viktor ,brack ,,ss ,ob]fuehr] ,b]l91 ,w #h1 ,voss-,/rasse #d1 #bc ,june #aidb ,initial ,,hh ,top ,secret ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,police ,he9ri* ,himml]1 ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/r4 #h ,de> ,rei* ,lead]1 ,on ! in/ructions ( ,rei* ,lead] ,rei*sleit] ,b\hl] ,i plac$ "s ( my m5--already "s "t ago--at ! disposal ( ,brigadefuehr] ,globocnik to execute 8 special mission4 ,on 8 r5ew$ reque/ ,i h n[ transf]r$ additional p]sonnel4 ,on ?is occasion ,brigadefuehr] ,globocnik /at$ 8 op9ion t ! :ole ,jewi% action %\ld be complet$ z quickly z possible s t "o w\ld n get caught 9 ! middle ( x "o day if "s difficulties %\ld make a /oppage ( ! action necess>y4 ,y1 y\rself1 ,rei* ,lead]1 h already express$ y\r view1 t "w %\ld progress quickly = reasons ( cam\flage alone4 ,bo? po9ts :i* 9 pr9ciple arrive at ! same result are m ?an ju/ifi$ z f> z my own exp]i5ce goes2 nev]!less w\ld y k9dly all[ me to submit ! foll[+ argum5t3 ,among #aj millions ( ,jews 9 ,europe !re are1 ,i figure1 at lea/ #b-c millions ( m5 & wom5 :o are fit en\gh to "w4 ,consid]+ ! extraord9>y difficulties ! labor problem pres5ts u )1 ,i hold ! view t ^? #b-c millions %\ld be specially select$ & pres]v$4 ,?is c1 h[ev]1 only be done if at ! same "t !y are r5d]$ incapable to propagate4 ,ab\t a ye> ago ,i report$ to y t ag5ts ( m9e _h complet$ ! exp]im5ts necess>y = ?is purpose4 ,i w\ld l to recall ^! facts once m4 ,/]ilization1 z normally p]=m$ on p]sons ) h]$it>y diseases1 is "h out ( ! "q1 because x takes too long & is too exp5sive4 ,ca/ration by ,x-ray h[ev] is n only relatively *eap1 b c also be p]=m$ on _m ?\s&s 9 ! %orte/ "t4 ,i ?9k1 t at ?is "t x is already irrelevant :e!r ! p 9 "q become aw>e ( hav+ be5 ca/rat$ aft] "s weeks or mon?s once !y feel ! effects4 ,%\ld y1 ,rei* ,fuehr]1 decide to *oose ?is way 9 ! int]e/ ( ! pres]vation ( labor1 !n ,rei*sleit] ,b\hl] w\ld be prep>$ to place all physicians & o!r p]sonnel ne$$ = ?is "w at y\r disposal4 ,likewise he reque/$ me to in=m y t !n ,i w\ld h to ord] ! app>atus s urg5tly ne$$ ) ! greate/ spe$4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs1 ,sign$ ,,viktor ,,brack ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bjf ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #afd ,,lett] ,,f ,,himml] 7,,c\nt]sign$ ,,by ,,rudolf ,,br&t71 #aa ,,augu/ #aidb1 ,,address$ ,,to ,,brack1 ,,conc]n+ ,,himml]',s ,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,/]ilization ,,exp]im5ts ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss #acad_/db ,h&writt5 ,x,ia_/#abf ,h&writt5 #aa ,augu/ #aidb ,figure #aa--;,h&writt5 ,,ss ,s5ior ,col4 7,,ss ,ob]fuehr]7 ,brack ,field ,headqu>t]s ,b]l9 ,w #h ,voss-,/rasse #d ,top ,secret #d copies #d? copy ,de> ,brack3 ,x is only today t ,i h ! opportunity ( ackn[l$g+ ! receipt ( y\r lett] ( #bc ,june4 ,i am positively int]e/$ 9 see+ t /]ilization by ,x-rays is tri$ out at lea/ once 9 "o camp 9 a s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,i w be v mu* oblig$ to ,rei*sleit] ,b\hl] if1 to beg9 )1 he w\ld place ! exp]t physicians = ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts at our disposal4 ,i w mail a copy ( ?is lett] to ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & to ! compet5t ,*ief ( ! ,ma9 ,(fice = conc5tration camps4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs1 ,sign$ ,h4 ,,himml] ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,dr4 ,grawitz ,= in=mation4 ,by ord] ,h&writt5 ,,br4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,/amp #aa ,augu/ #aidb ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bjh ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aff ,,lett] ,,f ,,blank5burg ,,to ,,himml]1 #bi ,,april #aidd1 ,,reg>d+ ,,employm5t ,,( ,,dr4 ,,hor/ ,,s*umann ,,on ,,exp]im5ts ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,x-,,rays ,,on ,,human ,,g5ital ,,gl&s ,,9 ,,connection ,,) ,,simil> ,,exp]im5ts ,,conduct$ ,,at ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,aus*witz ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr] ( ! ,,nsdap ,file ,no3 ,i,ia_/,kt4 ,b]l9 ,w #h1 ,vos/rasse #d1 #bi ,april #aidd ,telephone ,no43 local #abjjed ,long di/ance #abffba ,top ,secret ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,police1 ,he9ri* ,himml] ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/rasse #i ,de> ,rei* ,lead]6 ,by ord] ( ,rei* ,lead] 7,rei*sleit]7 ,b\hl] ,i submit to y z an enclosure a "w ( ,dr4 ,hor/ ,s*umann on ! influ5ce ( ,x-rays on human g5ital gl&s4 ,previ\sly y h ask$ ,s5ior ,colonel ,ob]fuehr] ,brack to p]=m ?is "w1 & y support$ x by provid+ ! adequate mat]ial 9 ! conc5tration camp ,aus*witz4 ,i po9t especially to ! #b;d "p ( ?is "w1 :i* %[s t by ^? means a ca/ration ( males is almo/ impossible or requires an ef=t :i* does n pay4 ,z ,i h conv9c$ myself1 op]ative ca/ration requires n m ?an #f to #g m9utes1 & !re=e c be p]=m$ m reliably & quick] ?an ca/ration by ,x-rays4 ,soon ,i %all be able to submit a cont9uation ( ?is "w to y4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,h&writt5 ,y\r devot$1 ,sign$ ,,blank5burg ,enclosure ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#baa ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #afi ,,lett] ,,f ,,pr(essor ,,claub]g ,,to ,,himml]1 #cj ,,may #aidb 7,,ref]r+ ,,to ,a ,,lett] ,,f ,,rudolf ,,br&t71 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,urg5cy ,,( ,,rese>* ,,into ,,biological ,,propagation ,,& ,,/]ilization ,,)\t ,,op]ation1 ,,& ,,draft ,,( ,a 8,,rese>* ,,in/itute ,,= ,,biological ,,propagation0 ,pr(essor ,c4 ,claub]g1 ,m4 ,d4 ,*ief ,physician ( ! ,gynecological ,cl9ics ( ! ,m9]s' 7,knapps*aft7 ,hospital & ( ! ,/4 ,h$wig ,hospital4 ,ko5ig%uette1 ,upp] ,silesia1 #cj ,may #aidb ,telephone #dji-ca ,h&writt5 ,w$nesday #h ,july ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,he9ri* ,himml] ,?r\gh ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] & ,g5]al ( ! ,police ,s*maus] ,h&writt5 discuss$ ,h4 ,h4 ,he9ri* ,himml] ,de> ,rei* ,lead]6 ,9 answ] to my lett] ( #e ,june #aida 8conc]n+ ! ,rese>* ,in/itute = ,biological ,propagation0 ,i receiv$ at t "t by return mail ! answ] ( y\r p]sonal adjutant1 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,br&t1 dat$ #ai ,june #aida say+ t y1 ,rei* ,lead]1 w\ld come back to my expose z soon z possible4 ,)\t any d\bt ! f> m important ev5ts ( ! w> :i* happ5$ %ortly aft]w>ds prev5t$ ?is4 ,if ,i may rem9d y briefly1 ! cont9uation ( my "w _h be5 r5d]$ impossible because ( ! problem ( c>ry+ out ! procurem5t ( female conc5tration camp inmates4 ,on ! occasion ( a sci5tific discussion ) ! ,/absfuehr] ( y\r (fice "h1 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,arlt1 ,i also happ5$ to speak ab\t my rese>* activities 9 ! field ( biological propagation4 ,dr4 ,arlt told me !n t ! "o p]son 9 ,g]many today :o w\ld be p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ^! matt]s & :o w\ld be able to help me w\ld be y1 mo/ honorable ,rei* ,lead]4 ,9 8 capacity z a memb] ( ! ,,ss & ,/absfuehr] ( y\r (fice "h1 ,i !n told him briefly t ,i _h already submitt$ ?is matt] to y4 ,aft] ?is discussion1 ,i mo/ ob$i5tly take ! lib]ty ( ask+ y to make x possible = me to c>ry out ^! tasks "h 9 ,upp] ,silesia4 ,9 ord] to expla9 :at w\ld be necess>y at ! mom5t--t is1 at lea/ = ! "t be+--! two mo/ urg5t que/ions & fundam5tal problems %\ld be /at$ briefly once m4 ,a4 ,9 ! "q ( ! positive population policy1 ! ev5tual or mo/ probable importance ( agriculture = ! female capacity = propagation dem&s cl>ification4 ,?is is to be ?or\ghly prob$ & te/$ by exp]im5ts on animals1 namely1 on ! exp]im5tal animal :i* is prov]bially mo/ f]tile & at ! same "t v>iable 9 its f]tility--! rabbit4 ,! "q is :e!r good g5]al nutrition ) food obta9$ ?r\gh int5sive f>m+ c r$uce f]tility1 & if ?is %\ld be ! case1 :at factor 7positive or negative7 is responsible4 ,b4 ,9 ! "q ( ! negative population policy ! situation n[ is su* t f animal exp]im5ts 79 :i* ,i h demon/rat$ ! possibility ( /]ilization )\t op]ation7 we mu/ proce$ to ! fir/ exp]im5ts on human be+s4 ,= t purpose ! foll[+ is necess>y3 ,) ref4 to ,a4 ,problem ( f]tility & agriculture4 #a4 ,l&--t is1 z mu* 8unt\*$01 8wild0 or hi!rto 8badly0 f>m$ l& z possible4 ,= ! fir/ animal exp]im5ts to be conduct$ at lea/ #aj ,morg5 ,morg5 #b_/c ( an acre w\ld be ne$$4 #b4 ,p]sonnel to till ! l&4 #c4 ,animal mat]ial--t is1 a few hundr$ female rabbits & ! correspond+ numb] ( males necess>y4 #d4 ,animal hut*es & %elt]s4 #e4 ,p]sons to att5d & gu>d ! animals4 ,) ref4 to ,b4 ,/]ilization )\t op]ation4 #a4 ,occasional special billet+ = #e to #aj wom5 7s+le rooms or rooms = two p]sons7 correspond+ to ! conditions ( sick rooms4 #b4 ,special ,x-ray app>atus ) in/allation & accessories4 #c4 ,small] outfit ( in/rum5ts & mat]ial4 ,rei* ,lead]6 ,)\t wi%+ to anticipate y\r decision1 ,i am tak+ ! lib]ty ( propos+ t ! exp]im5ts necess>y = ,a & ,b be c>ri$ out at ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp & t ! facilities !re be us$4 ,z ,i already told y 9 ! c\rse ( our conv]sation1 ,i w\ld be v mu* pleas$ to "w "u y z head ( an exp]im5tal in/itute1 direct$ exclusively by y4 ,i believe t 9 view ( ! procurem5t ( ! l&1 ! necess>y animals1 ! att5d+ p]sonnel1 & ! human mat]ial to be provid$1 an annex to y\r camp 9 ,upp] ,silesia w\ld (f] ! be/ facilities4 ,ca% w\ld be ne$$ only = ! procurem5t (-- ,) ref4 to ,a4 #a4 ,animal mat]ial4 #b4 ,mat]ial = ! animals' /ables & %elt]s4 #c4 ,a consci5ti\s work+ p]son to att5d !m4 ,) ref4 to ,b4 #d4 ,special accommodations = #e to #aj female camp inmates und]go+ exp]im5ts4 #e4 ,ev5tually a special ,x-ray in/allation4 #f4 ,small] outfit ( in/rum5ts & mat]ial4 ,rei* ,lead]6 ,! explanations & dispositions made "h are relat$ to ! fact t ! mo/ necess>y & mo/ urg5t means = solution ( ?is problem %\ld at once be creat$ & set 9 motion4 ,my sugge/ions are absolutely adapt$ to ! pres5t times & attempt to meet ! circum/ances4 ,z "o problem arises f ! o!r or--,i %\ld r say--z _m fur!r problems w arise1 ! ideal patt]n ( su* a 8,rese>* ,in/itution ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss = ,biological ,propagation0 ! e/abli%m5t ( :i* is to be consid]$1 w\ld pres5t itself z an entity1 on ! "o h& f> great] 9 scope1 & on ! o!r h& m conc5trat$ & closely knit 9 %ape4 ,a %ort sket* is enclos$ z a sugge/ion = t purpose4 ,?is sugge/ion is to demon/rate ! possibility ( realization ( all ! ?\ghts discuss$ & submitt$ to y4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs mo/ ob$i5tly1 ,sign$ ,,pr(4 ,,claub]g4 99 99 99 99 99 ,draft ( a 8,rese>* ,in/itute = ,biological ,propagation0 ,! c5t] f :i* all ideas />t1 all problems are rais$ & _! execution direct$1 & f9ally turn$ ov] into practical use1 is & rema9s ! cl9ic4 ,x mu/ be an ob/etric cl9ic at ! same "t4 ,= ! problems 7:i* are mo/ly ( a hormonal nature7 d n m]ely ext5d into practical gynecology & ob/etrics b also rea* deeply into !m & rema9 mo/ closely connect$ ) pregnancy & ob/etrics z well4 ,^! problems are j z unlimit$ & !re=e mu/ necess>ily be solv$ /ep by /ep1 z !y are prov+ to be successful = ob/etrics also 9 ! future4 ,9 ?is cl9ic ! possibility mu/ be provid$-- a4 = mo/ int5sive treatm5t ( wom5 hi!rto /]ile b desir\s ( be>+ *ildr5 & = apply+ & te/+ ( newly ga9$ exp]i5ces 9 cases hi!rto seem+ly hopeless4 b4 to evaluate ! me?od ( /]ilization )\t op]ation 7bloodless /]ilization7 on wom5 unwor?y ( propagation & to use ?is me?od cont9ually aft] x is f9ally prov$ effici5t4 ,atta*$ to ?is cl9ic !re is to be-- c4 a laboratory = ext5sive animal exp]im5ts1 :i* w always s]ve z a basis = fur!r rese>*4 ,!re %\ld also be incorporat$ 9 ?is rese>* /ation-- d4 an exp]im5tal f>m z a basis = ! solution ( ! que/ions ( 8agriculture & f]tility10 t is-- #a4 f> rea*+ nutrition exp]im5ts on animals1 & #b4 f> rea*+ nutrition exp]im5ts on human be+s 7female camp inmates74 ,sket* enclos$4 ,h&writt5 #cj ,may #aidb4 ,,claub]g 8,rese>* ,in/itute = ,biological ,propagation0 ,exp]im5tal ,f>m-- a4 ,= f> rea*+ nutrition exp]im5ts on ! animal4 ,laboratory = fur!r exp]im5tal rese>* on animals4 b4 ,= f> rea*+ nutrition exp]im5ts on human be+s4 7,special production ( food = female camp inmates47 ,cl9ic = gynecology & ob/etrics ,cl9ical & ,polycl9ical ,dep>tm5t-- a4 ,treatm5t ( /]ile wom5 desir$ to propagate4 b4 ,fur!r cl9ical rese>* on cases ( /]ility hi!rto seem+ly hopeless4 ,cl9ical dep>tm5t-- ,= /]ilization )\t op]ation 7bloodless /]ilization7 on wom5 7wom5 unwor?y ( propagation or wom5 ^: propagation is n desirable--at fir/ to te/ me?od )\t op]ation1 lat] = curr5t use74 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#baf ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #agj ,,memor&um ,,( ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 ,,july #aidb1 ,,on ,a ,,discussion ,,betwe5 ,,himml]1 ,,gebh>dt1 ,,gluecks1 ,,& ,,claub]g ,,conc]n+ ,,/]ilization ,,exp]im5ts ,,conduct$ ,,on ,,jewesses ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 ,july #aidb ,top ,secret #a copy ,on #g ,july #aidb a discussion took place betwe5 ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,gebh>dt1 ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,gluecks1 & ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,claub]g1 ,ko5ig%uette4 ,! topic ( ! discussion 0 ! /]ilization ( ,jewesses4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss has promis$ ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,pr(essor ,claub]g t ,aus*witz conc5tration camp w be at 8 disposal = 8 exp]im5ts on human be+s & animals4 ,by means ( "s fundam5tal exp]im5ts1 a me?od %\ld be f\nd :i* w\ld lead to /]ilization ( p]sons )\t _! k4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss want$ to get ano!r report z soon z ! result ( ^! exp]im5ts 0 kn[n1 s t ! /]ilization ( ,jewesses c\ld !n be c>ri$ out 9 actuality4 ,x %\ld also be exam9$1 pref]ably 9 coop]ation ) ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hohlfeld]1 an ,x-ray speciali/ 9 ,g]many1 :at way /]ilization ( m5 c\ld be a*iev$ by ,x-ray treatm5t4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss call$ ! special att5tion ( all g5tlem5 pres5t to ! fact t ! matt] involv$ 0 mo/ secret & %\ld be discuss$ only ) ! (fic]s 9 *>ge & t ! p]sons pres5t at ! exp]im5ts or discussions _h to pl$ge secrecy4 ,sign$ ,,br&t ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr]4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bac ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aga ,,lett] ,,f ,,rudolf ,,br&t ,,to ,,claub]g1 #aj ,,july #aidb1 ,,transmitt+ ,,in/ructions ,,( ,,himml] ,,to ,,p]=m ,,/]ilizations ,,on ,,jewesses ,,at ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,rav5sbrueck ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,p]sonal ,/aff ,j\rnal ,numb] #abff_/db1 ,bra_/,dr4 ,h&writt5 ,return$ #ca ,octob] #aidb by ,pol4 ,adm9i/ration ,k4 ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #aj ,july #aidb ,top ,secret ,h&writt5 ,orig9al h&$ to ,g4 #f copies--#f? copy #a4 ,pr(essor ,claub]g ,ko5ig%uette4 ,h&writt5 ,w #a-aj #a-e-dc ,de> ,pr(essor6 ,today ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss *>g$ me ) transmitt+ to y 8 wi% t y g to ,rav5sbrueck aft] y h _h ano!r talk ) ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl & ! camp physician ( ! wom5's conc5tration camp ,rav5sbrueck1 9 ord] to p]=m ! /]ilization ( ,jewesses accord+ to y\r me?od4 ,be=e y />t y\r job1 ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss w\ld be int]e/$ to le>n f y h[ long x w\ld take to /]ilize a ?\s& ,jewesses4 ,! ,jewesses !mselves %\ld n "k any?+ ab\t x4 ,z ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss und]/&s x1 y c\ld give ! appropriate injections dur+ a g5]al exam9ation4 ,?or\gh exp]im5ts %\ld be conduct$ to inve/igate ! effect ( ! /]ilization l>gely 9 a way t y f9d out aft] a c]ta9 "t1 :i* y w\ld h to fix1 p]haps by ,x-rays1 :at k9d ( *anges h tak5 place4 ,9 "s cases a practical exp]im5t might be arrang$ by lock+ up a ,jewess & a ,jew toge!r = a c]ta9 p]iod & !n see+ :at results are a*iev$4 ,i ask y to let me "k y\r op9ion ab\t my lett] = ! in=mation ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,br&t ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] #b4 ,to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl1 ,b]l94 ,h&writt5 deliv]$ to ,boem] ,please ackn[l$ge4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,koegel also receiv$ a copy = ! in=mation ( ! camp physician4 ,moreov] ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice 7,,r%a7 receiv$ a copy4 ,sign$ ,,br&t ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] #c4 ,to ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,grawitz1 ,rei* ,physician ,,ss4 ,please ackn[l$ge4 ,sign$ ,,br&t ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] #d4 ,to ,,ss4 ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,koegel1 ,,wvha4 ,please ackn[l$ge & in=m ! camp physician4 ,sign$ ,,br&t ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] #e4 ,to ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice 7,,r%a71 ,b]l94 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,gu5!r1 ,,iv ,b #d 7,dep>tm5t = ,jews74 ,h&writt5 ,,ss ,,gruf4 ,,muell] ,please ackn[l$ge4 ,initial$ ,,br4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bab ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #agc ,,lett] ,,f ,,pr(essor ,,claub]g ,,to ,,himml]1 #g ,,june #aidc1 ,,report+ ,,on ,,rese>* ,,9 ,,connection ,,) ,,! ,,/]ilization ,,( ,,wom5 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,c4 ,claub]g1 ,*ief ,physician ( ! ,cl9ics = ,wom5 ( ! ,m9]s' 7,knapps*aft7 ,hospital & ! ,/4 ,h$wig ,hospital ,ko5ig%uette ,o4 ,s41 #g ,june #aidc ,telephone3 #dji-ca ,secret ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,he9ri* ,himml] ,b]l9 ,de> ,rei* ,lead]1 ,today ,i am fulfill+ my obligation to report to y f "t to "t ab\t ! /ate ( my rese>* "w4 ,9 do+ ?is ,i am1 z be=e1 adh]+ to ! proc$ure to report only if ! matt] is ess5tial4 ,! fact t1 aft] my mo/ rec5t int]view 9 ,july #aidb1 ,i c\ld n d s be=e today is due to tempor>y difficulties aga9/ :i* ,i myself 0 p[]less & ) :i* ,i c\ld n bo!r y1 ,rei* ,lead]4 ,i m5tion z an example t only s9ce ,febru>y #aidc am ,i 9 possession ( an ,x-ray in/allation1 :i* is ( great value to my special rese>*4 ,9 spite ( ! %ort p]iod ( actually only #d mon?s1 x is already today possible to report to y ! foll[+3 ,! me?od ,i contriv$ to a*ieve ! /]ilization ( ! female organism )\t op]ation is z good z p]fect$4 ,x c be p]=m$ by a s+le injection made ?r\gh ! entrance ( ! ut]us 9 ! c\rse ( ! cu/om>y gynecological exam9ation kn[n to e physician4--,if ,i say t ! me?od is 8z good z p]fect$10 ?is means3 #a4 ,/ill to be work$ out are only m9or improvem5ts ( ! me?od4 #b4 ,already today x c\ld be put to practical use 9 ! c\rse ( our regul> eug5ic /]ilization & c\ld ?us replace ! op]ation4 ,z to ! "q :i* y1 ,rei* ,lead]1 ask$ me almo/ "o ye> ago1 i4 e41 h[ mu* "t w\ld probably be requir$ to /]ilize #a1jjj wom5 by us+ ?is me?od4 ,today ,i c answ] y ) reg>d to ! future z foll[s3 ,if my rese>*es cont9ue to h ! same results z up to n[--& !re is no reason to d\bt t--!n ! mom5t is n f> (f :5 ,i c say3 8,"o adequately tra9$ physician 9 "o adequately equipp$ place1 ) p]haps #aj assi/ants 7! numb] ( assi/ants 9 con=mity ) ! spe$ desir$7 w mo/ likely be able to deal ) sev]al hundr$1 if n ev5 #a1jjj p] day40 ,please p]mit me to po/pone my report ab\t ! o!r "p ( my rese>*es 7positive population policy7 because x w take "s "t until some?+ decisive c be said 9 ?is field4 ,rei* ,lead]6 ,! ma9 reason = my report+ to y today1 %ortly be=e ! possibility ( ev5 m f9al results1 is ! foll[+3 ,i "k t ! settlem5t ( ! la/ "p ( ?is p>ticul> complex ( problems--9 contra/ to ! ext]nal =ces :i* det]m9$ ! progress s f>--dep5ds n[ almo/ entirely on me4 ,9 ?is connection1 sev]al m9or b nev]!less fundam5tal *anges w\ld be necess>y :i* only y1 my de> ,rei* ,lead]1 c p]sonally direct & ord]4 ,i _h hop$ t ,i w\ld be able to give y p]sonally a %ort description ( ^! requirem5ts 9 ! ev5t ( a visit to ,upp] ,silesia4 ,s9ce ,i h n _h ?is opportunity1 ,i am ask+ y = y\r decision today4 ,9 addition ,i %\ld l to make a fur!r reque/4 ,x 0 ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,dr4 ,blum5reut] :o f9ally manag$ to get me ! "o suitable ,x-ray in/allation4 ,i am 9 urg5t ne$ ( ano!r in/allation ( ! same k9d1 & he in=m$ me 9 ,febru>y t he _h ano!r "o /or$ 9 ,b]l94 ,he 0 ready to deliv] x to me if ,i w\ld secure y\r approval4 ,may ,i ask y1 ,rei* ,lead]1 = ?is approval8 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,claub]g ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,def5dant ,,viktor ,,brack#hd ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,froes*mann3 ,:at plans are y talk+ ab\t8 ,,def5dant ,,brack3 ,! plans to ext]m9ate ! ,jews :i* ,i told y ab\t be=e4 ,hav+ kn[n !m & hav+ be5 9 ! ,p>ty ,*ancell]y 9 ! c\rse ( ?is conv]sation :5 ,i told ,himml] t ,graf5eck 0 to be ab&on$1 ,himml] also told me ( communications he _h receiv$ f ,pol&1 accord+ to :i* ! ,jews !re 7 us+ ! tempor>y impot5ce ( ! ,poli% gov]nm5t to /r5g!n _! own position & ,himml] said some?+ _h to be done ab\t ?is4 ,he said some?+ _h to be und]tak5 to /op ?is because ?r\gh ! mix+ ( blood 9 ! ,poli% ,jews ) t ( ! ,jews f ,we/]n ,europe a mu* great] dang] = ,g]many 0 aris+ ?an ev5 be=e ! w>1 & he said x 0 8 int5tion to /]ilize ! ,jews accord+ to reliable me?ods1 accord+ to a proc$ure :i* w\ld p]mit mass /]ilization4 ,op]ative /]ilization 0 out ( ! "q = "o ?+ because y c\ldn't d t )\t leav+ "s sc>4 ,!n he br\ght up ! "q1 c\ld n ?is be done ) ,x-ray treatm5t8 ,h[ev]1 ,i didn't "k ab\t ?is = sure1 & 9 fact nobody knew ab\t x1 & especially didn't "k :e!r ! p]son 9 "q c\ld be treat$ )\t notic+ some?+4 ,himml] !n said t ,b\hl] _h ga!r$ toge!r s _m sci5ti/s & doctors 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 consequ5tly ,i %\ld try to f9d out f him :at he c\ld tell me ab\t /]ilization1 & tell him to report to me aga94 ,q4 ,well1 :at 0 ! effect ( ?is communication f ,himml] on y8 ,a4 ,?is made a great impression on me4 ,i believ$ t ,heydri* c\ld really h be5 ! in/igator ( all ( ?is4 ,9 my int]rogation ,i told ! int]rogator t ,i reg>d$ su* a plan to ext]m9ate ! ,jews z unwor?y ( ,g]many & its lead]s4 ,f :at ,i knew ( ,himml] x w\ld nev] h occurr$ to me t su* a de/ructive idea c\ld h orig9at$ 9 8 m9d4 ,be t1 h[ev]1 z x may1 :e!r ! idea orig9at$ ) ,heydri* or ,bormann1 my attitude 0 oppos$ to ?is2 & ,i felt t ,i 0 "u ! obligation to d any?+ ,i c\ld to prev5t ?is4 ,if ,i _h rais$ ! lea/ objection to x op5ly1 ,i w\ld h ar\s$ great suspicion ( myself & w\ld h ar\s$ a false reaction 9 ,himml]4 ,!re=e1 ,i _h to make ! be/ ( a bad job & _h to pret5d t ,i agre$ ) ,himml]4 ,i pret5d$ to be will+ to cl>ify ! "q ( mass /]ilization ?r\gh ,x-ray me?ods4 ,_m ye>s ago ,i _h be5 subject$ to ,x-ray treatm5t = q a p]iod ( "t & _h discuss$ ) ! doctor ! effect ( ,x-rays on ! human body4 ,n[ ,i rememb]$ f ^? discussions t ! effect ( ,x-rays on ! sexual organs is only ( slight importance & n la/+4 ,moreov]1 ,i knew t "o ( my associates 0 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) an ,x-ray speciali/ & he told me t ?is speciali/ 0 conduct+ exp]im5ts on ! effects ( ,x-rays on ! f]tility ( animals4 ,h[ev]1 !re seem$ to be no result4 ,q4 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i pres5t an affidavit ( #be ,febru>y #aidg1 by ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,zell]1 a speciali/1 born #c ,decemb] #ahhj1 liv+ 9 ,muni*1 sign$ by him on ?is same date & c]tifi$ by myself4 7,brack #bf1 ,brack ,ex4 #ca47 ,?is affidavit contributes to ! und]/&+ ( ?is matt] n[ "u discussion & ,i quote3 8,i rememb] di/9ctly t #aj to #ae ye>s ago ,i spoke to ,viktor ,brack ab\t ,x-ray injuries4 ,brack 0 worri$ t he might develop an ,x-ray injury2 at t "t 8 knee _h be5 ,x-ray$4 ,:5 "s "t aft]w>ds he _h r\gh h&s he ?\ght t might be an ,x-ray burn4 ,i expla9$ to him t no injuries c\ld result f our ,x-ray exam9ations s9ce ! quantities ( radiation us$ = diagnosis 7 small & besides1 ! m di/ant p>ts ( ! body 7t is1 9 ! case ( a picture ( ! knee be+ tak51 ! h&s & g5itals7 7 n 9 ! dang] zone "u mod]n te*nical conditions4 8,i also made ! rem>k t ev5 an int5tional /]ilization by ,x-ray treatm5t w\ld1 especially 9 ! case ( "y p]sons1 be difficult to a*ieve & ev5 !n only ) a /rong dose ( prolong$ radiation40 ,& !n 9 p>agraph #b ! witness cont9ues3 8,x is q possible t ,brack 9 ?is way develop$ ! views he br\ght =w>d1 i4 e41 t ! effect ( ,x-rays ^u ! sexual organs is negligible1 & t ! dang] ( /]ilization does n exi/ at all4 ,! layman w n diff]5tiate betwe5 ,x-ray diagno/ics & ,x-ray !rapy40 ,a4 ,i took ?is associate into my confid5ce & told him ( my int5tion to deceive ,himml]1 if only to ga9 "t4 ,we agre$ to deceive ,himml] by giv+ him a c]tificate t seem$ to say t /]ilization by ,x-ray me?ods 0 possible & we w\ld ?us get him to pursue a false pa?4 ,j :at 0 said 9 ?is c]tificate ,i d n "k any long]4 ,at any rate !re 7 no positive results 9 x s t we c\ldn't put x to ,himml] 9 ?is =m4 ,,dr4 ,,froes*mann3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 let me rem>k 9 ?is connection1 t aft] great ef=ts ,i h succe$$ 9 f9d+ ! man :o drew up ?is c]tificate ( :i* ! witness has j be5 speak+4 ,i h f\nd out 8 "n & address4 ,he lives 9 ! ,russian zone & = t reason x 0 n possible = me to get a copy ( t c]tificate t he drew up at t "t4 ,h[ev]1 ,i h contact$ ?is doctor & he has decl>$ 8 read9ess to come to ,nu]nb]g & to give me an affidavit1 because z he said x1 x w\ld be a matt] ( c\rse t he %\ld help an innoc5t man if 8 te/imony c\ld d s4 ,he does rememb] hav+ giv5 ?is c]tificate to ,brack or to 8 associates & ,i ask p]mission to res]ve ! "r to put ?is affidavit 9 evid5ce z soon z ,i h x1 & :5 p]haps ! doctor has _h a *ance to speak to ! def5dant4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,c\nsel = def5dant ,brack may (f] ! affidavit z soon z x is receiv$ s long z x complies ) ! evid5ce 9 ! case4 ,,dr4 ,,froes*mann3 ,?ank y1 y\r ,honor4 ,witness1 please cont9ue4 ,,def5dant ,,brack3 ,naturally1 ?is factor ( unc]ta9ty _h to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,q4 ,:at exactly are y speak+ (8 ,a4 ,i am talk+ ab\t ! report we receiv$4 ,q4 ,y mean ! man :o drew up ! c]tificate1 ! exp]t8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,n[1 c\nsel1 ,i don't want y to misund]/& me4 ,i said c\nsel may (f] ! affidavit2 t means x is (f]$ subject to any objection rais$ by ! prosecution z to ! =m ( ! affidavit or its relevancy4 ,ye/]day1 ! affidavits f ,brazil 7 possibly (f]$ by y because ! ,tribunal _h said t !y might be (f]$4 ,! "r to (f] simply means (f]$1 subject to objection1 & t is n equival5t to say+ t ! affidavit w be receiv$ 9 evid5ce b x may be (f]$4 ,t is ! s5se 9 :i* ,i h us$ ! ^w 8(f]0 t[>ds ?is affidavit4 ,,dr4 ,,froes*mann3 ,yes1 y\r ,honor1 ,i und]/ood ! ,presid5t & ,i %all only submit an affidavit :i* is 9 compliance ) ! regulation ( ?is ,tribunal4 ,w\ld y please cont9ue1 ,witness8 ,,def5dant ,,brack3 ,my collaborator *ang$ ! cont5ts ( ?is c]tificate 9 su* a mann] t /]ilization becomes app>5t z some?+ possible f a m$ical po9t ( view4 ,t is exactly :at is conta9$ 9 my affidavit4 ,?us1 ?is lett] dat$ #bh ,m>* #aida1 orig9at$ ) ,docum5t ,,no-#bjc1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #afa4 ,q4 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 let u recon/ruct ?is lett] q %ortly4 ,i %all quote4 ,x is address$ by ,brack to ,himml]1 m>k$ 8,top ,secret40 8,de> ,rei* ,lead]3 8,enclos$ ,i s5d to y = y\r in=mation ! report ( ! exam9ation reg>d+ ! possibility ( an ,x-ray /]ilization or ca/ration4 ,i ask y to tell me :e!r any?+ c be done 9 ! matt] ei!r !oretically or practically40 ,t is ! cov]+ lett]4 ,?is cov]+ lett]1 ,witness1 9 connection ) ! report :i* is atta*$ 0 consid]$ by ! prosecution z be+ a s]i\s sugge/ion = /]ilization & ! prosecution 9 t connection has /at$ t ?is ne$$ no comm5t4 ,:at is y\r attitude t[>d x8 ,a4 ,nei!r ! =m] nor ! latt] is correct4 ,i admit t if "o reads ?is lett] or report )\t kn[+ ! connections t impression c be creat$4 ,i !re=e h to attempt to analyze ?is report 9 ord] to expla9 to ! ,tribunal :at we tri$ to a*ieve ) ?is lett]4 ,i h to emphasize once m t ! entire ?+ 0 a maneuv] ( deceit4 ,q4 ,) ref]5ce to ! report :i* y atta*$ to ?is lett] 7,,no-#bjc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afa7 ,i %\ld l to quote f x a v brief passage3 8,report on exp]im5ts conc]n+ ,x-ray ca/ration4 8,! exp]im5ts 9 ?is field are conclud$4 ,! foll[+ result c be consid]$ z e/abli%$ & adequately bas$ on sci5tific rese>*4 8,if any p]sons are to be /]iliz$ p]man5tly1 ?is result c only be atta9$ by apply+ ,x-rays 9 a dosage high en\gh to produce ca/ration ) all its consequ5ces1 s9ce high ,x-ray dosages de/roy ! int]nal secretion ( ! ov>y or ( ! te/icles1 respectively4 ,l[] dosages w\ld only tempor>ily p>alyze ! procreative capacity4 ,! consequ5ces 9 "q are1 = example1 ! disappe>ance ( m5/ruation1 climact]ic ph5om5a1 *anges 9 capill>y gr[?1 modification ( metabolism1 etc4 ,9 any case1 att5tion mu/ be drawn to ^! disadvantages4 8,! actual dosage c be giv5 9 v>i\s ways1 & irradiation c take place q imp]ceptibly4 ,! necess>y local dosage = m5 is #ejj-fjj r1 = wom5 #cjj-cej r4 ,9 g5]al1 an irradiation p]iod ( #b m9utes = m51 #c m9utes = wom51 ) ! highe/ voltage1 a ?9 filt]1 & at a %ort di/ance ought to be suffici5t4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a disadvantage t has to be put up )4 ,x is impossible unnoticeably to cov] ! re/ ( ! body ) lead1 ! o!r tissues ( ! body w be injur$1 & radiologic malaise1 ! s-call$ #8,ro5tg5kat]1' w ensue40 ,witness1 w\ld y def9e y\r attitude t[>d ?is lett] :i* ,i p>tly read8 ,a4 ,i 0 speak+ 9 connection ) ! talk ,i _h ) ,himml] 9 ! ye> ( #aida4 ,?is becomes app>5t f ! p>agraph 8,i h]e) submit ! result ( an ,x-ray exam9ation40 ,x looks n[ z ?\gh 9 effect exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out by sci5ti/s1 :i* 0 n ! case4 ,himml] _h to be reassur$ & t is :y we _h to emphasize t ! exp]im5ts _h be5 conclud$ & ! result c\ld be bas$ on sci5tific "w4 ,( c\rse1 we c\ldn't /ate ! result z be+ absolutely positive4 ,we _h to leave x to ,himml] himself to judge x4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance x 0 our int5tion to get ,himml] (f ! idea4 ,t is :y we *ose ! =mulation :i* c be se5 9 t lett]--8,if any p]sons are to be /]iliz$ p]man5tly40 ,x meant 9 effect t ?is 0 !oretically possible4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 we po9t$ out t ?is success _c be conceal$ & t ph5om5a w arise4 ,t obvi\sly 0 %[n by ! cont5ts ( ! c]tificate itself1 & x is emphasiz$ t p]man5t /]ilization makes a high dosage ( ,x-rays necess>y4 ,^! high dosages w\ld !n br+ ab\t ! effects ( ca/ration ) all ( ! accompany+ symptoms :i* w\ld be notic$ imm$iately4 ,if1 h[ev]1 l[] dosages 7 us$1 y w\ld only h /opp$ procreative capacity = a %ort "t4 ,we actually said t at ! end ( ! report1 namely1 t ! result ( /]ilization c\ld be asc]ta9$ aft] a comp>atively %ort "t b t x 0 impossible to a*ieve ! results ( br++ ab\t /]ilization )\t be+ notic$1 & 9 ?is way we ?\ght we c\ld get ,himml] to give up t idea4 ,q4 ,n[1 ?is 0 ! fir/ "p ( ! lett]4 ,n[1 let u discuss ! second "p4 ,i am aga9 ref]r+ to ! me?od :i* y sugge/$ to ,himml]4 ,y ?\ght at t "t 8,"o practical way ( proce$+ w\ld be1 = in/ance1 to let ! p]sons to be treat$ approa* a c\nt]1 :]e !y c\ld be ask$ to answ] "s que/ions or to fill 9 =ms1 :i* take !m #b or #c m9utes4 ,! (ficial sitt+ beh9d ! c\nt] c\ld op]ate ! in/allation 9 su* a way z to turn a swit* :i* w\ld activate ! two valves simultane\sly 7s9ce ! irradiation is to op]ate f bo? sides74 ,) a two-valve in/allation ab\t #aej-bjj p]sons c\ld !n be /]iliz$ p] day &1 !re=e1 ) #bj su* in/allations z _m z #c1jjj-d1jjj p]sons p] day4 ,9 my e/imation a l>g] daily numb] c\ld n 9 any case be s5t away = ?is purpose40 ,h]r ,brack1 h[ c\ld y arrive at ?is idea ( turn+ swit*es8 ,?is is completely nonund]/&able = a layman4 ,a4 ,himml] want$ ?is proc$ure to be c>ri$ out z simply z possible4 ,!re=e1 we _h to sugge/ z simple a me?od z we c\ld ?9k (4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is me?od increas$ ! unc]ta9ty ( direct+ ! rays to ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! body4 ,t is :at 0 discuss$ by my collaborator ) 8 acqua9tance4 ,we sugge/$ ?is swit* me?od to ,himml] ) ! idea ( mak+ ?is matt] z simple z possible & at ! same "t prev5t+ any active ,x-ray rea*+ ! body4 ,fur!rmore1 only #b-c m9utes 7 sugge/$ z ! l5g? ( "t = ^! p to be subject$ to ^! ,x-rays4 ,h[ we arriv$ at ^! #ejj-fjj figures--or #cej r4--,i don't "k :e!r !y 7 j inv5t$ or :e!r !y 7 bas$ ^u some?+4 ,i don't "k4 ,b look+ at x z a :ole x conta9$ a numb] ( po9ts t 7 to demon/rate to ,himml] t ! :ole ?+ c\ld n be c>ri$ out4 ,!re is a sci5tific basis = ^! sugge/ions4 ,,dr4 ,,froes*mann3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 9 connection ) ?is po9t ,i h tri$ to get an unobjectionable irreproa*able c]tificate = ! correctness ( :at ! def5dant j /at$4 ,i %all get a c]tificate f a speciali/4 ,! man conc]n$ says t ?is sugge/ion is absolutely s5seless4 ,i _h1 h[ev]1 to wait = ?is c]tificate because ,i _h to wait = an affidavit f ano!r exp]t physician4 ,) ! p]mission ( ! ,tribunal1 ,i %all obta9 a correspond+ c]tificate f a radiologi/ :o c %[ t x is cr$ible t ?is entire sugge/ion 0 really sci5tific nons5se4 ,a4 ,we _h to take into acc\nt ! possibility t ,himml] might accept ?is proposal 9 spite ( all ^! difficulties4 ,we knew1 h[ev]1 t ! prep>ation ( any su* in/allation w\ld take a long "t1 = ! build+1 etc4 ,we ?\ght t ! w> w\ld end v quickly1 & z ,i said be=e ,i didn't "k !re 0 any ?reat f ! ,we/4 ,&1 9 case ( peace1 ! ,madagasc> plan1 :i* _h already be5 reject$1 c\ld once m be plac$ 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,if on ! o!r h& ?is sugge/ion 0 to be accept$ & if at t "t ! w> _h n yet end$1 ! c>ry+ out ( ?is exp]im5t on ! #ajj-bjj ,jews 0 mu* less ( an evil ?an ,himml] tak+ ! ,jews & /]iliz+ !m en masse or do+ some?+ worse to !m4 ,q4 ,mr4 ,brack1 if ,i und]/& y correctly1 y're say+ t1 at t "t1 y _h to make a decision betwe5 ei!r kill+ millions ( ,jews or *oos+ ! small] evil by only sugge/+ ?is small numb] :i* y h m5tion$ ^u :om exp]im5ts might be c>ri$ out4 ,is my op9ion correct8 ,a4 ,dur+ my int]rogations ,i designat$ ?is dilemma 9 a way by say+ t ?is 0 our la/ way out4 ,b1 naturally1 :5 judg+ ^! two possibilities "o mu/ take into consid]ation t "o decides ^u "o possibility &1 at ! same "t1 feels an inn] ju/ification = do+ s4 ,! same way z a troop comm&] sacrifices a few ?\s& p some:]e if he c save a hundr$ ?\s& some:]e else4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,mr4 ,brack1 9 ord] to f9i% ) ?is lett] ,i want to say t y h /at$ ! foll[+ at ! end ( t lett]1 & ,i quote3 8,9 summ>y x may be said t1 hav+ reg>d to ! pres5t /ate ( radiological te*nique & rese>*1 mass /]ilization by means ( ,x-rays c be c>ri$ out )\t difficulty4 ,h[ev]1 x seems to be impossible to d ?is 9 su* a way t ! p]sons conc]n$ d n1 soon] or lat]1 realize ) c]ta9ty t !y h be5 /]iliz$ or ca/rat$ by ,x-rays40 ,9 y\r cov]+ lett] y app>5tly m5tion$ y\r second lett]1 & ,i quote3 8,i reque/ y\r in/ructions z to fur!r !oretical or practical /eps if any are to be tak5 9 ?is matt]40 ,:at is ! significance ( ?is latt] /atem5t8 ,a4 ,by us+ ?is =mulation ,i endeavor$ to keep control ( ! developm5t ( t matt]4 ,i nev] really c\nt$ on ! realization ( ^! exp]im5ts & ,i nev] _h any int5tion ( submitt+ a s]i\s proposal to ,himml] :i* w\ld cause ! /]ilization ( millions ( ,jews1 b if ,himml] 0 to accept ?is nons5sical proposal ,i want$ to h 8 idea delay$ z long z possible4 ,if ?is sugge/ion _h be5 s]i\s on my "p ,i w\ld h _h to be a fanatical ,jew hat]1 & ,i ?9k ,i h already prov$ t ,i 0 n su* a p]son4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #ha ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bdg-bec4 #hb ,judgm5t ( ! ,,imt4 ,ibid4 #hc ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ae ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajhgd-ajiaj4 #hd ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ai ,may #aidg1 pp4 #gdac-gggb4 ,b4 ,jewi% ,skeleton ,collection a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,rudolf ,br&t & ,siev]s 7 *>g$ ) crim9al responsibility & p>ticipation 9 plans & ent]prises1 involv+ ! murd] ( civilians & memb]s ( ! arm$ =ces ( nations at w> ) ! ,g]man ,rei*1 & specifically ) ! murd] ( #aab ,jews = ! purpose ( complet+ a skeleton collection = ! ,rei* ,univ]sity at ,/rasb\rg 7p>4 #g ( ! indictm5t74 ,on ?is *>ge bo? def5dants 7 convict$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce & argum5tation on ! ,jewi% skeleton collection is conta9$ 9 its clos+ brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,siev]s4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on pages #gci to #gda4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se has be5 select$ f ! clos+ brief = ! def5dant ,siev]s4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #gda to #gdg4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #gdh to #gei4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,siev]s 99 99 99 99 99 ,skeleton ,collection ,9 response to a reque/ by ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 on #i ,febru>y #aidb1 ,siev]s submitt$ to him a report by ,dr4 ,hirt ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg on ! desirability ( secur+ a collection ( ,jewi% skeletons4 7,,no-#jhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #age47 ,9 ?is report1 ,hirt advocat$ outright murd] ( 8,jewi% ,bol%evik ,commiss>s0 = ! procurem5t ( su* a collection4 ,he /at$3 8,by procur+ ! skulls ( ! ,jewi% ,bol%evik ,commiss>s1 :o p]sonify a repulsive1 yet *>act]i/ic subhumanity1 we h ! opportunity ( obta9+ tangible sci5tific evid5ce4 ,! actual obta9+ & collect+ ( ^! skulls )\t difficulty c\ld be be/ accompli%$ by a directive issu$ to ! ,wehrma*t 9 ! future to imm$iately turn ov] alive all ,jewi% ,bol%evik ,commiss>s to ! field police40 ,^! units 7 to report to a special (fice :i* w\ld s5d out speciali/s to h photographs & an?ropological measurem5ts tak5 & asc]ta9 ! orig91 bir? date1 & o!r p]sonal data ( ! victims4 ,hirt fur!r /at$3 8,foll[+ ! subsequ5tly induc$ dea? ( ! ,jew1 ^: head mu/ n be damag$1 he w sep>ate ! head f ! torso & w =w>d x to its po9t ( de/9ation 9 a pres]v+ fluid 9 a well-seal$ t9 conta9] especially made = ?is purpose4 ,on ! basis ( ! photos1 ! measurem5ts1 & o!r data on ! head &1 f9ally1 ! skull itself1 comp>ative anatomical rese>*1 rese>* on racial classification1 pa?ological features ( ! skull =mation1 =m & size ( ! bra91 & _m o!r ?+s c beg94 ,9 accordance ) its scope & tasks1 ! new ,rei* ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg w\ld be ! mo/ appropriate place = ! collection ( & rese>* ^u ^! skulls ?us acquir$40 ,emphasis suppli$4 ,on #bg ,febru>y #aidb1 ,br&t in=m$ ,siev]s t ,himml] w\ld support ,hirt's "w & w\ld place ev]y?+ necess>y at 8 disposal4 ,br&t reque/$ ,siev]s to in=m ,hirt accord+ly & to report aga9 on ,hirt's "w4 7,,no-#jij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agf47 ,hirt's murd]\s & inhuman plan 0 c>ri$ out 9 a way :i* diff]$ b slightly f ! sugge/ion made 9 8 prelim9>y report4 7,,no-#jhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #age47 ,! pro( has %[n t x 0 decid$ to pres]ve ! :ole skeletons ( ! victims r ?an m]ely ! skulls4 ,on #b ,novemb] #aidb ,siev]s reque/$ ,br&t to make ! necess>y arrangem5ts ) ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice = provid+ #aej ,jewi% inmates f ,aus*witz to c>ry out ?is plan4 7,,no-#jhf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agg47 ,on #f ,novemb] ,br&t in=m$ ,adolf ,ei*mann1 ! ,*ief ( ,(fice ,,iv-,b-#d 7,jewi% affairs7 ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice to put ev]y?+ at ,hirt's disposal :i* 0 necess>y = ! completion ( ! skeleton collection4 7,,no-#jhi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agi47 ,f ,siev]s' lett] to ,ei*mann ( #ba ,june #aidc1 x is app>5t t ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,beg]1 a collaborator ( ! ,ahn5]be ,society1 c>ri$ out ! prelim9>y "w = ! assembl+ ( ! skeleton collection 9 ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp on #gi ,jews1 #cj ,jewesses1 #b ,poles1 & #d ,asiatics4 ,9 ?is lett]1 ,siev]s /at$ t ,beg] _h to int]rupt 8 "w because ( ! dang] ( infecti\s diseases 9 ! camp4 ,siev]s reque/$ t ! inmates on :om ,beg] _h c>ri$ out ?is "w be transf]r$ to ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp because fur!r activities 9 ,aus*witz 7 impossible due to ! dang] ( infection4 ,special accommodation = ! ?irty wom5 0 to be provid$ 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp 8= a %ort p]iod04 ,emphasis add$4 7,,no-#jhg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aha47 ,! /atem5t ( ! camp comm&ant ( ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,josef ,kram]1 reveals t approximately #hj inmates ( ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp1 among !m females1 7 transf]r$ to ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp & kill$ !re by gas at ! reque/ ( ,hirt 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,augu/ #aidc4 ,a special gas *amb] _h be5 built = ?is purpose4 ,! corpses ( ! victims 7 s5t 9 ?ree %ipm5ts to ! ,anatomical ,in/itute ( ,hirt 9 ,/rasb\rg ,univ]sity4 7,,no-#hjg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahe47 ,?is evid5ce is corroborat$ by ! te/imony ( ! witness ,h5ripi]re4 ,he te/ifi$ t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,augu/ #aidc1 ! pr9cipal autopsy te*nician ( ! ,anatomical ,in/itute1 ,bong1 receiv$ ! ord] f ,hirt to prep>e ! tanks 9 ! cell> ( ! ,in/itute = approximately #abj corpses4 ,at int]vals ( a few days1 ?ree %ipm5ts ( corpses1 #cj female1 #cj male1 & #bf male1 arriv$ by truck f an unkn[n place4 ,all ( ^! victims 7 ,jewi%4 ,^! corpses 7 pres]v$ 9 ! cell> ( ! ,anatomical ,in/itute 9 ! tanks prep>$ by ,bong4 7,tr4 pp4 #gab-d47 ,see also ! affidavit ( ,wagn]4 7,,no-#hha1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhj47 ,z prov$ by ! ,siev]s' di>y1 ,beg] 0 ord]$ to prep>e pla/] ca/s ( ! victims4 7#cedf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #abc47 ,e>ly 9 ,septemb] #aidd1 :5 ! ,alli$ armies 7 ?reat5+ ,/rasb\rg1 ,siev]s approa*$ ! def5dant ,br&t ) ! reque/ = in/ructions z to :at %\ld be done ) ! ,jewi% bodies :i* 7 /ill /or$ 9 ! tanks 9 ! cell> ( ! ,anatomical ,in/itute4 ,he in=m$ ,br&t t ,hirt w\ld be able to 8de-fle%0 ! corpses & ?us r5d] !m unrecognizable1 b 9 ?is case "p ( ! "w w\ld h be5 done 9 va9 8& x w\ld be a great sci5tific loss = ?is unique collection because ca/s c\ld n be made aft]w>ds4 ,! skeleton collection is n conspicu\s4 ,visc]a c\ld be decl>$ z remnants ( corpses1 app>5tly left 9 ! ,anatomical ,in/itute by ! ,fr5* & ord]$ to be cremat$40 ,siev]s reque/$ a directive f ,br&t :e!r ! collection %\ld be pres]v$1 p>tly dissolv$1 or completely dissolv$4 7,,no-#jhh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahb47 ,f ! memor&um ( ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,b]g1 & 8 telephone conv]sation ) ,siev]s on #ae ,octob] #aidd1 x is app>5t t x 0 fir/ decid$ to de/roy ! evid5ce ( ^! brutal crimes1 b ) a tempor>y improvem5t 9 ! milit>y situation1 ?is decision 0 resc9d$4 ,siev]s in=m$ ,b]g on #ba ,octob] #aidd t1 9 compliance ) ! ord]s he _h receiv$ previ\sly1 ! dissolution ( ! collection _h be5 complet$4 7,,no-#jia1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahc47 ,b su* 0 n ! case4 ,hirt _h ord]$ ,bong & 8 assi/ant1 ,mey]1 to cut up ! #hf corpses & h !m cremat$ 9 ! ,/rasb\rg crematorium1 b ^! two m5 alone 7 unable to c>ry out ?is enorm\s task4 ,a numb] ( corpses rema9$ un-dissect$ & 7 left 9 ! tanks1 toge!r ) p>tially dissect$ corpses1 9 ord] to create ! impression t !y 7 us$ = normal anatomical rese>*4 7,tr4 p4 #gae2 ,,no-#hha1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bhj47 ,! pictures ( ^! corpses & ( ! gas *amb]s 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp1 :]e ! victims ( ! ,jewi% skeleton collection 7 murd]$1 tak5 by ! ,fr5* au?orities aft] ! lib]ation ( ,/rasb\rg1 tell ! grim /ory ( ?is mass murd] m vividly ?an witnesses & docum5ts ev] c\ld4 7,,no-#dhc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahd2 ,,no-#hjg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahe47 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,siev]s 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 #aidc a collection ( ,jewi% skeletons 0 set up 9 ! ,anatomy ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,rei* ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg accord+ to plans :i* _h be5 prep>$ 9 #aida by ,himml] & ! ,director ( ?is ,anatomy ,dep>tm5t1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt4 ,! skeletons 7 to be obta9$ by select+ ! requir$ numb] ( p]sons 9 ! conc5tration camp at ,aus*witz f among ! ,bol%evi/ commiss>s :o _h be5 tak5 prison] 9 ! campaign aga9/ ! ,soviet ,union4 ,! liquidation ( ! p]sons *os5 took place 9 ! conc5tration camp at ,natzweil]4 ,:e!r ! liquidation entail$ a dea? :i* 0 des]v$ or undes]v$ on ! "p ( ! p]sons *os5 dep5ds ^u :e!r ! 8,commiss> ,ord]10 :i* 0 ! basis ( ! liquidation1 c be reg>d$ z legal & p]missible or n4 ,a detail$ exam9ation ( ?is "q c be exclud$ "h1 s9ce subjective gr\nds are ( decisive significance 9 ?is connection4 ,siev]s did n take "p p]sonally ei!r 9 ! selection or 9 ! liquidation ( ^? p]sons designat$ = ! skeleton collection4 ,! *oos+ 0 und]tak5 by a c]ta9 ,dr4 ,beg] 9 ! conc5tration camp at ,aus*witz4 7,,no-#jhg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aha47 ,siev]s himself 0 nev] 9 ,aus*witz4 ,! liquidation took place 9 ! conc5tration camp at ,natzweil]4 ,! e>lie/ date at :i* ! liquidation c\ld h tak5 place is %[n by ! date ( ! a=em5tion$ docum5t :i* is dat$ #ba ,june #aidc4 ,aft] #bc ,janu>y #aidc1 ,siev]s 0 no long] 9 ,natzweil]4 ,!re=e1 any p]sonal p>ticipation ( ,siev]s 9 ! selection z well z ! liquidation is out ( ! "q4 ,we mu/ n[ exam9e :e!r ! sett+ up ( ! skeleton collection & ! associat$ liquidation ( ^? p]sons select$ took place on ,siev]s' ord]s or in/ructions-- ,! prosecution has submitt$ & read3 ,lett] ( ! ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ! ,ahn5]be to ,br&t1 dat$ #i ,febru>y #aidb1 ) a report f ,dr4 ,hirt 9 :i* ! latt] sugge/s a collection ( skulls = ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg :i* 0 to be obta9$ f ,jewi%-,bol%evi/ ,commiss>s4 7,,no-#jhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #age47 ,lett] ( ,br&t to ,siev]s1 dat$ #bg ,febru>y #aidb1 ) ! report t ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss is q int]e/$ 9 ! "w ( ,pr(essor ,hirt & w place at 8 disposal ev]y?+ :i* he requires = 8 exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#jij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agf47 ,lett] ( ! ,rei*sges*aeftsfuehr] ( ! ,ahn5]be to ,dr4 ,br&t1 dat$ #b ,novemb] #aidb1 reg>d+ ! requisition ( #aej skeletons ( prison]s = c]ta9 an?ropological exam9ations4 7,,no-#jhf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agg47 ,p]sonal /aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to ,rei*ssi*]heit%auptamt 7,ma9 ,(fice = ! ,security ( ! ,rei*71 dat$ #f ,novemb] #aidb1 reg>d+ transmission ( ! ord] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to make possible ! con/ruction ( ! skeleton collection z plann$4 7,,no-#jhi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agi47 ,lett] ( ! p]sonal /aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to ! ,ahn5]be1 dat$ #c ,decemb] #aidb1 reg>d+ rem$y+ ( defici5cies ?r\gh ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,pohl4 7,,no-#jib1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahj47 ,lett] ( ! ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ( ! ,rei*ssi*]heit%auptamt 7,ma9 ,(fice = ! ,security ( ! ,rei*71 dat$ #ba ,june #aidc1 reg>d+ ! transf] ( ! #aae p]sons select$ by ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,beg] 9 ! conc5tration camp at ,aus*witz4 7,,no-#jhg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aha47 ,telegram ( ! p]sonal /aff1 (fice 8,a01 to ,dr4 ,br&t1 dat$ #e ,septemb] #aidd1 reg>d+ ! procurem5t ( in/ructions z to :at %\ld happ5 to ! collection 9 ! ev5t ,/rasb\rg %\ld be endang]$4 7,,no-#jhh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahb47 ,two memor&a ( ,b]g1 dat$ #ae & #bf ,octob] #aidd1 reg>d+ ! break+ up ( ! collection4 7,,no-#jia1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahc47 ,sev]al entries 9 ! di>y ( ,siev]s1 #aidc-dd4 ,a lett] ( ,siev]s to ,dr4 ,hirt1 dat$ #c ,janu>y #aidb1 has be5 (f]$ by ! prosecution4 7,,no-#cfbi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #edg47 ,?is lett] conta9s ! reque/ ( ,himml] to ,hirt to make available to him a detail$ report reg>d+ 8 exp]im5ts :i* !n c\ld s]ve z basis = a conf]5ce4 ,lett] ( ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] to ,dr4 ,hirt1 dat$ #bi ,octob] #aidb1 reg>d+ ! grant+ ( subsidies = rese>* activities4 7,,no-#chai1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eej47 ,9 ?is respect1 c\nsel = ! def5se decl>es3 ,! idea ( sett+ up a skull collection ( ,jewi%-,bol%evi/ ,commiss>s initiat$ ) ,dr4 ,hirt1 director ( ! ,anatomy ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg4 ,dr4 ,hirt himself submitt$ to ,himml] ! sugge/ion = sett+ up su* a collection4 7,tr4 p4 #egjd47 ,! sugge/ion receiv$ ,himml]'s complete assi/ance4 ,himml] issu$ in/ructions to place ev]y?+ at ,hirt's disposal :i* he requir$ = 8 exp]im5ts4 7,,no-#jij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agf47 ,9 addition to ?is1 ,himml] issu$ an ord] ?r\gh 8 p]sonal /aff on #f ,novemb] #aidb t ev]y?+ necess>y w be plac$ at ! disposal ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt4 7,,no-#jhi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agi47 ,x c be se5 f ! lett] ( ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss to ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ( ! ,ahn5]be1 dat$ #be ,m>* #aidb1 h[ en]getically ,himml] favor$ ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,hirt4 ,?is lett] /ates3 8,9 ?is connection1 please get 9 t\* ) ,hirt z soon z possible & consid] fur!r h[ ,hirt c be/ be br\ght clos] to u40 7,siev]s #ec1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #di47 ,x c be se5 fur!r f ! direct exam9ation ( ,siev]s t ,dr4 ,hirt 0 a confidant ( ,himml]1 = ,siev]s 0 able to e/abli% ?is fact z e>ly z #aicf & 9 ! subsequ5t ye>s _h an opportunity to repeat ?is obs]vation4 7,tr4 pp4 #egjf-g47 ,?is c also be e/abli%$ by means ( ! conf]5ce :i* took place at ,ea/] #aidb reg>d+ ! c\rse ( :i* ,siev]s has giv5 a detail$ description4 ,among o!r ?+s1 ,siev]s call$ att5tion to ! fact t ,hirt & 8 anatomical collection1 :i* 0 a ,univ]sity matt]1 did n conc]n ! ,ahn5]be 9 any way4 ,himml] became q active aft] ?is aggressive action ( ,siev]s1 foll[+ :i* ! latt] reque/$ an ord] 9 writ+4 7,tr4 p4 #egae47 ,9 ?is connection1 ! ord] ( ,himml]1 dat$ #g ,july #aidb1 mu/ also be m5tion$4 ,figure #b reads z foll[s 7,,no-#dbb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cc73 8,i ord] ! ,ahn5]be 8#a4 99 99 99 8#b4 ,to aid 9 e possible mann] ! rese>* activities ( ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt & 9 ! same way promote all ! exp]im5ts & "w p]t95t to same40 ,^! facts 7 necess>y 9 ord] to cl>ify matt]s = ! *ief in/igators1 ,himml] & ,hirt4 ,ev]yone cognizant ( ! conditions kn[s t x 0 also impossible 9 ?is case to act 9 any way contr>y to ! ord]s issu$ by ,himml]4 ,until ! ,ea/] conf]5ce ( #aidb1 ,siev]s knew no?+ ( ! ,commiss> ,ord]2 ,himml] at t "t %[$ him pictures ( ,bol%evi/ ,commiss>s1 m5 & wom5 :o _h be5 arre/$1 z well z pictures ( ,g]man soldi]s & civilians :o _h be5 kill$ & mutilat$ 9 ! mo/ horrible mann] by ^! male & female mon/]s4 ,?is influ5c$ ,siev]s' attitude t[>d ! 8,commiss> ,ord]10 ! cont5ts ( :i* he le>n$ 9 outl9e at t "t4 ,! orig9al text ( ! 8,commiss> ,ord]0 c\ld n be produc$ dur+ ! ,go]+#he trial4 ,= a cl>ification ( ! cont5ts ( ?is ord]1 c\nsel = ! def5se ref]s to !-- 8,directives = ! comm&s ( ! ,*iefs ( ! ,security ,police & ( ! ,security ,s]vice 7,,sd7 to be transf]r$ to ! ,/alags40 7,siev]s #ed1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #ej47 ,z 9 ! o!r cases1 ,siev]s' activity consi/$ 9 =w>d+ correspond5ce1 :e!r x came f 8above10 t is1 ,himml]1 ,rudolf ,br&t1 or f ,hirt or o!r ?ird p>ties4 ,x c be %[n conclusively t he himself issu$ no in/ructions & ord]s & !reby ex]cis$ no decisive activity4 ,! sugge/ion to set up a ,jewi%-,bol%evi/ skull collection did n orig9ate ) ,siev]s b ) ,dr4 ,hirt4 ,! ord] = ?is 0 issu$ by ,himml]1 :o also ord]$ t ,hirt %\ld be grant$ all possible assi/ance4 ,himml] reque/$ in=mation ab\t ! an?ropological exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,hirt f ,siev]s & ord]$ ! pres5tation ( a report f ,dr4 ,hirt4 ,!reaft]1 ,siev]s submitt$1 on #i ,febru>y #aidb1 ! report reque/$ aga9 by ,dr4 ,br&t on #bi ,decemb] #aida4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] 8 meet+ ) ,hirt 9 ,may #aida & 8 brief report to ,himml]1 ,siev]s obvi\sly did n conc]n himself fur!r ) ! entire matt]1 until ,himml]1 9 8 lett] dat$ #bi ,decemb] #aida1 reque/$ a detail$ report f ,hirt ?r\gh ,dr4 ,br&t4 ,?is c be se5 f ! ref]5ce memor&um ( ,siev]s dat$ #i ,febru>y #aidb 9 8 lett] ( #i ,febru>y #aidb to ,r4 ,br&t 7,,no-#jhe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #age7 & 0 also /at$ by ,siev]s on direct exam9ation4 7,tr4 p4 #egjd47 ,at t "t1 ,himml] imp>t$ ! in=mation :i* ,siev]s pass$ on to ,hirt 9 8 lett] ( #c ,janu>y #aidb4 ,9 ?is lett]1 ! "q ( a ,jewi%-,bol%evi/ skull collection 0 nev] m5tion$ b simply ! matt] ( an?ropological exp]im5ts4 ,x is g5]ally kn[n t ! c>ry+ out ( an?ropological exp]im5ts =ms a "p ( ! *ief duties ( e anatomical in/itute1 & also t su* exp]im5ts are conduct$ on designat$ gr\ps ( p]sons1 & t p]sons :o h be5 execut$ are turn$ ov] to anatomical in/itutes = rese>* purposes4 ,^u ! reque/ ( ,hirt = assi/ance 9 8 an?ropological exp]im5ts1 ,himml] imm$iately made a correspond+ (f]2 z ! compet5t *ief ( ! ,g]man police1 he 0 9 a position to d s4 ,& ,siev]s1 at t "t1 ne$ n h assum$1 by any /ret* ( ! imag9ation t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 to be kill$ = ?is purpose4 ,on ! basis ( ! g5]al practice1 he c\ld p]haps m easily assume t only ! corpses ( ^? legally condemn$ to dea? & legally execut$ w\ld be consid]$ = ! exp]im5ts ( ,hirt4 ,today we "k t x 0 compatible ) 8 crim9al m5tality ins(> z human exp]im5ts & ! l 7 conc]n$4 ,at t "t1 ! latt] "p ( #aida1 no "o :o1 l ,siev]s1 _h n up to ?is "t come 9 contact ) exp]im5ts on human be+s c\ld h suspect$ 9 advance t 9 ?is case x w\ld be a "q ( crim9al acts4 ,9 addition1 !re 0 no provision made at all at ?is "t = ,hirt's work+ 9 connection ) ! ,ahn5]be4 ,9 8 lett] ( #c ,janu>y #aidb to ,hirt1 ,siev]s writes3 8,9 ord] to effect y\r transf] to ! ,ahn5]be1 t is1 to ! ,p]sonal ,/aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,i w\ld l "s in=mation f y40 ,naturally1 ,himml] want$ ,hirt to be z close to him z possible1 b 9 ref]5ce to ! transf] ,siev]s adds3 899 99 99 t is1 to ! ,p]sonal ,/aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss01 = nei!r ,siev]s nor ,hirt assum$ t ,hirt w\ld receive ! support ( ,himml] ?r\gh ! ,in/itute = ,humani/ic ,/udies ( ! ,ahn5]be ( all ?+s4 ,?is 0 also te/ifi$ to by ,siev]s on direct exam9ation4 7,tr4 pp4 #egae #f47 ,n until lat] did ,hirt's connection ) ! ,ahn5]be develop z a result ( ! p]sonal & extraord9>y urg+ ( ,himml]1 z c be prov$ by ! two lett]s1 dat$ #bg ,febru>y #aidb 7,,no-#jij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #agf71 & #be ,m>* #aidb 7,siev]s #cc1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #di74 ,on ! basis ( ^! lett]s & ! ef=ts ( ,himml]1 ,siev]s !n lodg$ a prote/ ) ,himml] at ,ea/]1 #aidb--e ,april--z he set =? 9 detail on direct exam9ation4 7,tr4 pp4 #egad-ae47 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,hirt did n become a memb] ( ! ,ahn5]be until ! fall ( #aidb1 z c be se5 f ! prosecution rebuttal ,docum5t ,,no-#chai1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #eej4 ,! rebuttal docum5ts submitt$ by ! prosecution 9 ?is matt] d n1 !re=e1 refute ! te/imony ( ,siev]s on 8 direct exam9ation1 b confirm !m1 :i* is also %[n by ! affidavits ( ,frau ,dr4 ,s*mitz 7,siev]s #de1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #df2 ,siev]s #ee1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #ea71 & is %[n 9 a fur!r summ>y 9 ! affidavit ( ,siev]s4 7,siev]s #fd1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #ei47 ,lett] ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,security ,police 7,,sipo7 & ( ! ,security ,s]vice 7,,sd7 dat$ #i ,novemb] #aida1 reg>d+ ! transportation ( ! ,soviet-,russian prison]s ( w>1 :o 7 to be execut$1 to ! conc5tration camps 7#abcd-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eee73 ,x c be se5 f ?is docum5t t ,soviet-,russian prison]s ( w> :o 7 to be execut$ 7 tak5 to ! conc5tration camps4 ,al?\gh ! ,commiss> ,ord] 0 n kn[n to ,siev]s 9 detail1 x foll[s f ! context ( ! ,ea/] conf]5ce ( #aidb1 :i* ,siev]s _h ) ,himml]1 t ,soviet-,russian ,commiss>s 7 affect$ by ?is ord]4 ,at t "t1 x 0 g5]ally kn[n 9 ! ,g]man ,wehrma*t & also among ! ,g]man civilian population t !re 7 female commiss>s 9 ! ,soviet-,russian ,army :o evid5c$ an unusual degree ( fanaticism4 ,x 0 also kn[n t /rong gangs ( insurg5ts 7 be+ =m$ beh9d ! ,g]man front l9e1 :o 7 conduct+ a ru?less & brutal w> aga9/ memb]s ( ! ,g]man ,wehrma*t ( bo? sexes contr>y to all ! rules ( int]national law4 ,9 ! ranks ( ^! gangs !re 7 _m riflewom5 :o1 9 complete accordance ) ! provisions ( int]national law1 7 condemn$ to dea?4 ,9 ?is respect1 x mu/ be /at$ t all or ! great majority ( ! ,soviet-,russian ,commiss>s did n commit crimes aga9/ int]national law4 ,h[ev]1 !re c be no d\bt t )9 _! great numb]s1 a c]ta9 numb] c\ld h also be5 f\nd :o c\ld h committ$ su* crimes4 ,s9ce ! numb] ( skeletons reque/$ by ,hirt 0 small1 ,siev]s c\ld assume t only su* crim9als c\ld be consid]$ = ! collection4 ,!re=e1 x _c be argu$ t ,siev]s mu/ 9 any case h assum$ f ! lett] dictat$ by ,dr4 ,beg] to ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice1 dat$ #ba ,june #aidc1 t ! p]sons :o _h be5 *os5 by ,dr4 ,beg] 9 ! conc5tration camp at ,aus*witz 7 to be liquidat$ )\t trial or )\t any legal basis4 ,x 0 n ! duty ( ,siev]s to *eck ?is matt]4 ,"h we mu/ exam9e only :e!r ,siev]s 9 any case is b\nd to h recogniz$ t ! proce$+s 7 illegal or :e!r he c\ld rely on ! fact t !re exi/$ a legal basis = ! liquidation ord]$ by ,himml]4 ,consid]+ ! w> conditions 9 ! ,ea/1 ,siev]s c\ld assume ! latt] fact )\t fur!r ado4 ,^! /atem5ts are only made 9 case x %\ld be assum$ t ,siev]s _h ! obligation to exam9e ?is indep5d5tly4 ,we ?9k1 h[ev]1 t someone :o 0 only engag$ 9 a subord9ate position 0 entitl$ to rely on ! legality ( ! decisions ( 8 sup]ior4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,pros4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#jhe #age ,lett] f ,siev]s to ,rudolf ,br&t1 #i #gdh ,febru>y #aidb1 & report by ,hirt conc]n+ ! acquisition ( skulls ( ,jewi%-,bol%evik ,commiss>s4 ,,no-#jhf #agg ,lett] f ,siev]s to ,rudolf ,br&t1 #b #gej ,novemb] #aidb1 reque/+ ) ,himml]'s approval1 #aej skeletons4 ,,no-#jhg #aha ,lett] f ,siev]s to ,ei*mann 7copy to #gea ,rudolf ,br&t71 #ba ,june #aidc1 conc]n+ selection ( subjects = a skeleton collection4 ,,no-#hjg #ahe ,tank conta9+ =maldehyde = ! #ije pres]vation ( corpses2 corpses assembl$ 9 tanks prior to dissection2 corpse %[+ incisions 9 prep>ation = dissection4 7,see ,selections f ,photographic ,evid5ce ( ! ,prosecution47 ,def5se ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,def4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,siev]s #de ,siev]s ,ex4 #df ,extract f ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,gisela #geb ,s*mitz1 #bg ,m>* #aidg1 on ,siev]s' position 9 ! ,ahn5]be ,society & 8 connection ) ! skeleton collection4 ,siev]s #ed ,siev]s ,ex4 #ej ,regulations = ! ,comm&os #ged 7,e9satzkomm&os7 ( ! ,security ,police & ! ,security ,s]vice to be activat$ 9 ,/alags4 ,te/imony ,extract f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t #geg ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jhe ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #age ,,lett] ,,f ,,siev]s ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #i ,,febru>y #aidb1 ,,& ,,report ,,by ,,hirt ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,acquisition ,,( ,,skulls ,,( ,,jewi%-,,bol%evik ,,commiss>s ,! ,ahn5]be ,! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ,b]l91 #i ,febru>y #aidb ,g_/,r_/#b page #a ,to3 ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,br&t ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/rasse #h ,secret ,de> ,comrade ,br&t3 ,= ! reason t ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hirt has 9 ! meantime become s]i\sly ill1 ,i regret t ,i h be5 unable to submit any soon] ,dr4 ,hirt's report :i* y reque/$ 9 y\r lett] ( #bi ,decemb] #aida1 ,j\rnal ,no4 ,,ar_/#dic_/cg4 ,he 0 /rick5 ) pulmon>y hemorrhages1 ! diagnosis 0 8cy/lung01 s at lea/ x is n ,,tb4 ,9 addition to t he suff]$ f circulatory a/h5ia4 ,at pres5t he is /ill 9 ! hospital1 b hopes t ! doctor w release him soon s t he c1 at lea/ to a limit$ degree1 resume 8 "w4 ,due to ^? circum/ances ,pr(essor ,hirt 0 able to furni% only a prelim9>y report :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i /ill %\ld l to submit to y\r att5tion4 ,! report conc]ns-- #a4 ,8 rese>* 9 ! field ( microscopy ( liv+ tissues1 ! discov]y ( a new me?od ( exam9ation1 & ! con/ruction ( a new rese>* microscope1 & #b4 a proposal = secur+ skulls ( ,jewi%-,bol%evik ,commiss>s4 ,z a supplem5t to report #a1 "s special publications are atta*$2 ( :i* ! two p>ties f ! 8,zeiss ,na*ri*t50 #aj 7,vol4 ,,ii7 & #a-e 7,vol4 ,,iii7 facilitate mo/ rapid g5]al ori5tation1 :]eas o!r publications deal ) difficult1 individual sci5tific /udies4 ,s9c]ely y\rs ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,siev]s ,enclosures 99 99 99 99 99 ,enclosure ,subject3 ,secur+ skulls ( ,jewi%-,bol%evik ,commiss>s = ! purpose ( sci5tific rese>* at ! ,rei* ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg4 ,!re exi/ ext5sive collections ( skulls ( almo/ all races & peoples4 ,( ! ,jewi% race1 h[ev]1 only s v few specim5s ( skulls are at ! disposal ( sci5ce t a /udy ( !m does n p]mit precise conclusions4 ,! w> 9 ! ,ea/ n[ pres5ts u ) ! opportunity to rem$y ?is %ortage4 ,by procur+ ! skulls ( ! ,jewi%-,bol%evik ,commiss>s1 :o p]sonify a repulsive yet *>act]i/ic subhumanity1 we h ! opportunity ( obta9+ tangible sci5tific evid5ce4 ,! actual obta9+ & collect+ ( ^! skulls )\t difficulty c\ld be be/ accompli%$ by a directive issu$ to ! ,wehrma*t 9 ! future to imm$iately turn ov] alive all ,jewi%-,bol%evik ,commiss>s to ! field police ,feldpolizei4 ,! field police 9 turn is to be issu$ special directives to cont9ually in=m a c]ta9 (fice ( ! numb] & place ( det5tion ( ^! captur$ ,jews & to gu>d !m well until ! arrival ( a special deputy4 ,?is special deputy1 commission$ ) ! collection ( ! mat]ial 7a junior physician atta*$ to ! ,wehrma*t or ev5 ! field police1 or a m$ical /ud5t equipp$ ) c> & driv]71 is to take a prescrib$ s]ies ( photographs & an?ropological measurem5ts1 & is to asc]ta91 ins(> z is possible1 ! orig91 date ( bir?1 & o!r p]sonal data ( ! prison]4 ,foll[+ ! subsequ5tly induc$ dea? ( ! ,jew1 ^: head mu/ n be damag$1 he w sep>ate ! head f ! torso & w =w>d x to its po9t ( de/9ation 9 a pres]v+ fluid 9 a well-seal$ t9 conta9] especially made = ?is purpose4 ,on ! basis ( ! photos1 ! measurem5ts & o!r data on ! head &1 f9ally1 ! skull itself1 comp>ative anatomical rese>*1 rese>* on racial classification1 pa?ological features ( ! skull =mation1 =m & size ( ! bra91 & _m o!r ?+s c beg94 ,9 accordance ) its scope & tasks1 ! new ,rei* ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg w\ld be ! mo/ appropriate place = ! collection ( & rese>* on ! skulls ?us acquir$4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jhf ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #agg ,,lett] ,,f ,,siev]s ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #b ,,novemb] #aidb1 ,,reque/+ ,,) ,,himml]',s ,,approval1 #aej ,,skeletons ,! ,ahn5]be ,! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] ,b]l91 #b ,novemb] #aidb ,/amp ,p]sonal ,/aff ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,regi/ration ( ,files ,secret #e_/aaf ,secret ,to3 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,br&t ,b]l9 ,de> ,comrade ,br&t6 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss once ord]$1 z y "k1 t ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hirt %\ld be provid$ ) all necess>y mat]ial = 8 rese>* "w4 ,i h already report$ to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss t = "s an?ropological /udies #aej skeletons ( inmates or ,jews are ne$$ & %\ld be provid$ by ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp4 ,x is only necess>y = ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice to be furni%$ n[ ) an (ficial directive by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss2 by ord] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 h[ev]1 y c\ld issue x y\rself4 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,siev]s #a enclosure3 ,draft ( a lett] to ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jhg ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aha ,,lett] ,,f ,,siev]s ,,to ,,ei*mann 7,,copy ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t71 #ba ,,june #aidc1 ,,conc]n+ ,,selection ,,( ,,subjects ,,= ,a ,,skeleton ,,collection ,h&writt5 ,,xi a #ef ,ahn5]be ,(fice ,in/itute = ,milit>y ,sci5tific ,rese>* ,g_/,h_/#f1 ,s#b_/;,he4 ,b]l9-,dahlem1 ,pueckl]/rasse #af1 #ba ,june #aidc ,top ,secret ,g4,r4,z4,i4 ,a4,h4 ,sk4 ,no4 #aj #e copies--#b;d copy no enclosures ,to ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice ,(fice ,,iv ,b #d ,att5tion3 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,ei*mann1 ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/rasse #h ,subject3 ,assembl+ ( a skeleton collection4 ,) ref]5ce to y\r lett] ( #be ,septemb] #aidb1 ,,iv ,b #d #cegf_/db g #adhh1 & ! p]sonal talks :i* h tak5 place 9 ! meantime on ! above matt]1 y are in=m$ t ! c[ork] 9 ?is (fice :o 0 *>g$ ) ! execution ( ! above-m5tion$ special task1 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,bruno ,beg]1 end$ 8 "w 9 ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp on #ae ,june #aidc because ( ! exi/+ dang] ( infecti\s diseases4 ,a total ( #aae p]sons 7 work$ on1 #gi ( :om 7 ,jews1 #b ,poles1 #d ,asiatics1 & #cj ,jewesses4 ,at pres5t1 ^! prison]s are sep>at$ accord+ to sex & ea* gr\p is accommodat$ 9 a hospital build+ ( ! ,aus*witz conc5tration camp & are 9 qu>ant9e4 ,= fur!r process+ ( ! select$ p]sons an imm$iate transf] to ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp is n[ imp]ative2 ?is mu/ be accel]at$ 9 view ( ! dang] ( infecti\s diseases 9 ,aus*witz4 ,enclos$ is a li/ conta9+ ! names ( ! select$ p]sons4 ,x is reque/$ t ! necess>y directives be issu$4 ,s9ce ) ! transf] ( ! prison]s to ,natzweil] ! dang] ( spread+ diseases exi/s1 x is reque/$ t an imm$iate %ipm5t ( disease-free & clean prison]s' clo?+ = #hj m5 & #cj wom5 be ord]$ s5t f ,natzweil] to ,aus*witz4 ,at ! same "t "o mu/ provide = ! accommodation ( ! #cj wom5 9 ! ,natzweil] conc5tration camp = a %ort p]iod4 ,signature ,,siev]s ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,c>bon copies to-- a4 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,beg] b4 ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,pr(4 ,hr4 ,hirt c4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,dr4 ,br&t ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,siev]s #de ,,siev]s ,,def5se ,,exhibit #df ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,gisela ,,s*mitz1 #bg ,,m>* #aidg1 ,,on ,,siev]s' ,,position ,,9 ,,! ,,ahn5]be ,,society ,,& ,,8 ,,connection ,,) ,,! ,,skeleton ,,collection 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 #aicg ,i 0 appo9t$ ,secret>y 9 ! ,rese>* & ,in/ruction ,society1 ! ,ahn5]be1 ,regi/]$ ,association1 :]e ,i rema9$ until ! end ( ! w> 9 #aide4 ,dur+ all ^! ye>s ,i work$ = ,wolfram ,siev]s1 :o 0 ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag]1 & ,i ga9$ !reby a fairly compreh5sive insight into ! organization ( ! ,ahn5]be & into ,siev]s activity4 ,! organization ( ! ,ahn5]be dur+ ! "t :5 ,i 0 atta*$ to x 0 z foll[s3 ,himml] 0 ! presid5t2 ,pr(essor ,wue/1 ,rector ( ,muni* ,univ]sity1 0 8 curator2 ,siev]s 0 responsible to ! latt] z ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag]4 ,an int]nal code ( proc$ure laid d[n z a regulation = ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] /ipulat$ t all decisive functions 7 ! conc]n ( ! dep>tm5t *ief & curator ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,accord+ to ?is all decisions _h to be obta9$ by ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag] f ! dep>tm5t *ief if !y 7 n dealt ) by ! presid5t4 ,pr(essor ,wue/ _h ! "r to report direct to ,himml] z presid5t on all que/ions2 ,siev]s c\ld only d s on adm9i/rative conc]ns1 & !n only :5 ,himml] consult$ him on special matt]s & reque/$ a report ( him4 ,siev]s' own sph]e 0 f9ancial & /aff adm9i/ration & ! sup]vision ( ! bus9ess deal+s ( ! ,ahn5]be4 ,9 sci5tific matt]s ,siev]s 0 d5i$ ! "r to issue any ord]s4 ,he 0 also =bidd5 p]sonally to sign lett]s conc]n+ sci5tific matt]s4 ,h[ev]1 z x 0 n always possible 9 practice to s5d all lett]s f ,b]l9 to ,muni*1 ! domicile & p]man5t resid5ce ( ! curator1 = signature1 ,siev]s (t5 sign$2 ,wue/ !n c\nt]sign$ ! copy4 ,:5 9 #aidb ! ,ahn5]be became a dep>tm5t ( ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,pr(essor ,wue/ became dep>tm5t *ief4 ,he 0 ?us made responsible = all matt]s ( adm9i/ration & p]sonnel1 :i* _h hi!rto be5 ! responsibility ( ! ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag]4 ,himml] p]sonally made x q cle> to ,siev]s t he 0 n to int]f]e 9 sci5tific affairs4 ,9 ?is connection ,i m5tion briefly ! ,ahn5]be di>y :i* x 0 ,siev]s' duty1 z ,rei* ,bus9ess ,manag]1 to write up4 ,by express ord] ( ,himml]1 all dep>tm5ts ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss _h to keep di>ies4 ,!y 7 a hobby-horse ( ,himml]'s1 & failure to comply ) ?is ord] w\ld h _h v unpleasant consequ5ces = ! p]son responsible4 ,siev]s :o 0 frequ5tly away f ,b]l9 us$ to dictate ! di>y entries on 8 return4 ,i "k t ! entries w\ld n always h be5 able to /& close exam9ation--!y 7 inaccurate 9 p>ts & sometimes fabricat$4 ,siev]s insi/$ ^u keep+ ! di>y o/5sibly correct1 s z n to (f5d ,himml]4 ,! reasons = ?is w be expla9$ by a lat] "p ( my /atem5t4 ,siev]s also m5tion$ to me ! collection ( ,jewi%-,bol%evik skulls1 :i* 0 plann$ by ,pr(essor ,hirt ( ,/rasb\rg4 ,docum5t ,,no-#jhe1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #age1 reg>d+ ! collection ( ,jewi% skeletons has be5 submitt$ to me4 ,) ! exception ( ! la/ p>agraph :i* beg9s ) ! words 8,= ! pres]vation 99 99 9901 ! report 0--z f> z ,i rememb]--draft$ by ,dr4 ,bruno ,beg] :o _h come f ! ,,ss ,race & ,settlem5t ,ma9 ,(fice 7,ru,s,h,a74#hf ,i fir/ saw ! report 9 ! autumn ( #aida4 ,! report _h already be5 circulat$ 9 all possible (fices & "o copy _h also be5 s5t to ! ,ahn5]be4 ,! reasons :y ! report _h also be5 s5t to ! ,ahn5]be are unkn[n to me2 9 any case1 ,siev]s %[$ me ?is proposal ) all signs ( horror & def9$ x z a hybrid outgr[? ( ! propag&a :i* at t "t us$ to describe ! ea/]n nations z 8subhuman40 ,! report itself 0 fil$ away1 z x did n conc]n u1 or pass$ on to ! *ief ( ! ,ahn5]be1 ,pr(essor ,wue/1 z x 0 really a 8sci5tific0 matt]4 ,"o day ,siev]s told me t ,himml] _h m5tion$ ?is matt] 9 a private conv]sation--,i believe x 0 9 connection ) ,pr(essor ,hirt--& ord]$ ! docum5t to be submitt$ aft] obta9+ an op9ion f ,pr(essor ,hirt4 ,hirt !n add$ ! la/ p>agraph4 ,) ?is addition ! report 0 =w>d$ to ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & to ,dr4 ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,) reg>d to ! ,docum5t ,,no-#jhg1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #aha1 z %[n to me1 ,i c /ate3 ! lett] to ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice be>s ! dictation ref]5ce ,s #b_/;,ha4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! lett] 0 n dictat$ by ,siev]s himself1 b--z ,i rememb]--by ,dr4 ,beg] :o dictat$ ! lett] 9 ! (fice ( subdep>tm5t ,*ief ,wolff1 ^: ref]5ce numb] 0 ,s #b4 ,) reg>d to ,docum5t ,,no-#jhh1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ahb1 ,i c say t ,pr(essor ,hirt _h ask$ by telephone = a decision on ! sugge/ions :i* appe> at ! end ( ?is docum5t4 ,siev]s only pass$ ?is reque/ ( ,hirt on to ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 ,siev]s spoke to me repeat$ly ab\t ! exp]im5ts on humans & also ab\t ! collection ( skeletons & always said t ^! ?+s 7 v mu* aga9/ 8 inn] feel+s4 ,repeat$ly1 ,i _h an opportunity to see h[ mu* ,siev]s suff]$ 9 ?is connection4 ,he sometimes _h pron\nc$ p]iods ( depression4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,siev]s #ed ,,siev]s ,,def5se ,,exhibit #ej ,,regulations ,,= ,,! ,,comm&os 7,,e9satzkomm&os7#hg ,,( ,,! ,,security ,,police ,,& ,,! ,,security ,,s]vice ,,to ,,be ,,activat$ ,,9 ,,/alags ,b #aja ,enclosures #b ,(fice ,,iv ,b]l91 #ag ,july #aida ,top ,secret ,! activation ( comm&os w take place 9 accordance ) ! agreem5t ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,security ,police & ,security ,s]vice & ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces z ( #af ,july #aida4 ,! comm&os w "w indep5d5tly accord+ to special au?orization & 9 consequ5ce ( ! g5]al regulations giv5 to !m 9 ! limits ( ! camp organizations4 ,naturally1 ! comm&os w keep close contact ) ! camp comm&] & ! def5se (fic]s assign$ to him4 ,! mission ( ! comm&os is ! political inve/igat+ ( all camp inmates1 ! elim9ation & fur!r treatm5t-- a4 ( all political1 crim9al1 or 9 "s o!r way unbe>able elem5ts among !m4 b4 ( ^? p]sons :o c\ld be us$ = ! recon/ruction ( ! occupi$ t]ritories4 ,= ! execution ( _! mission1 no additional means c be put at ! disposal ( ! comm&os4 ,! ,deuts*e ,fahndungsbu* ,g]man ,want$ ,li/ ! ,auf5?alts]mittlungsli/e ,resid5ce ,locator ,li/ & ! ,sond]fahndungsbu* ,ud,s,s,r ,special ,want$ ,li/1 ,union ( ! ,soviet ,sociali/ ,republic w prove to be useful 9 only a small numb] ( cases2 ! ,sond]fahndungsbu* ,ud,s,s,r is n suffici5t1 because x conta9s only a small "p ( ,soviet ,russians consid]$ to be dang]\s4 ,!re=e1 ! comm&os mu/ use _! special k & ability & rely on _! own f9d+s & self-acquir$ k4 ,!re=e1 !y w be able to />t c>ry+ out _! mission only :5 !y h ga!r$ toge!r appropriate mat]ial4 ,! comm&os mu/ use = _! "w z f> z possible1 at pres5t & ev5 lat]1 ! exp]i5ces ( ! camp comm&]s :i* ! latt] h collect$ mean:ile f obs]vation ( ! prison]s & exam9ations ( camp inmates4 ,fur!r1 ! comm&os mu/ make ef=ts f ! beg9n+ to seek out among ! prison]s elem5ts :i* appe> reliable1 reg>dless if !re are ,communi/s conc]n$ or n1 9 ord] to use !m = intellig5ce purposes inside ( ! camp &1 if advisable1 lat] 9 ! occupi$ t]ritories also4 ,by use ( su* in=m]s & by use ( all o!r exi/+ possibilities1 ! discov]y ( all elem5ts to be elim9at$ among ! prison]s mu/ succe$ /ep by /ep at once4 ,! comm&os mu/ le>n = !mselves1 9 e case1 by means ( %ort que/ion+ ( ! in=m]s & ev5tual que/ion+ ( o!r prison]s4 ,! in=mation ( "o in=m] is n suffici5t to designate a camp inmate to be a suspect )\t fur!r pro(2 x mu/ be confirm$ 9 "s way if possible4 ,above all1 ! foll[+ mu/ be discov]$2 all important function>ies ( /ate & p>ty1 especially-- ,pr(essional revolution>ies4 ,function>ies ( ! ,com9t]n4 ,all policy =m+ p>ty function>ies ( ! ,communi/ ,p>ty ( ! ,soviet ,union & its subsidi>y organizations 9 ! c5tral committees1 9 ! regional & di/rict committees4 ,all ,peoples ,commiss>s & _! deputies4 ,all =m] ,political ,commiss>s 9 ! ,r$ ,army4 ,lead+ p]sonalities ( ! ,ma9 & int]m$iate (fices ( ! /ate au?orities4 ,memb]s ( ! ,soviet ,russian intellig5tsia4 ,all ,jews4 ,all p]sons :o are f\nd to be agitators or fanatical ,communi/s4 ,x is n less important1 z m5tion$ already1 to discov] all ^? p]sons :o c\ld be us$ = ! recon/ruction1 adm9i/ration1 & managem5t ( ! conqu]$ ,russian t]ritories4 ,f9ally1 all su* p]sons mu/ be secur$ :o are /ill ne$$ = ! completion ( fur!r inve/igation1 reg>dless if !y are police inve/igations or o!r inve/igations1 & = settl+ que/ions ( g5]al int]e/4 ,among !m are all ^? especially :o1 because ( _! position & _! k1 are able to give in=mation ab\t measures & work+ me?ods ( ! ,soviet-,russian ,/ate1 ( ! ,communi/ ,p>ty1 or ( ! ,com9t]n4 ,9 ! f9al analysis1 consid]ation mu/ be giv5 to orig9 9 all decisions to be made4 ,! lead] ( ! ,e9satzkomm&o w give a %ort report e week by telephone or an express lett] to ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice1 conta9+3 #a4 ,%ort description ( _! activities 9 ! pa/ week4 #b4 ,numb] ( all def9itely suspici\s p]sons 7report ( numb] suffici5t74 #c4 ,individual names ( all p]sons f\nd to be function>ies ( ! ,com9t]n1 lead+ function>ies ( ! p>ty1 ,peoples ,commiss>s1 lead+ p]sonalities1 & political commiss>s4 #d4 ,numb] ( all p]sons f\nd n to be suspici\s in=m]s1 ) a %ort description ( _! position4 ,a4 ,prison]s ( w>4 ,b4 ,civilians4 ,on ! basis ( ^? activity reports ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice w issue imm$iately ! fur!r measures to be appli$4 ,= ! measures to be appli$ on ! basis ( ?is successive directive1 ! comm&os are to dem& ! surr5d] ( ! prison]s involv$ f ! camp comm&4 ,! camp comm&ants h receiv$ ord]s f ! ,supreme ,comm&] ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces to approve su* reque/s4 ,executions are n to be held 9 ! camp or 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! camp4 ,if ! camps 9 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t are 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! bord]1 !n ! prison]s are to be tak5 = special treatm5t1 if possible1 into =m] ,soviet-,russian t]ritory4 ,%\ld executions be necess>y = reasons ( camp discipl9e1 !n ! lead] ( ! ,e9satzkomm&o mu/ apply to ! camp comm&] = x4 ,! comm&os h to keep li/s ab\t ! special treatm5ts c>ri$ out & mu/ conta9-- ,curr5t numb]4 ,family "n & fir/ "n4 ,date & place ( bir?4 ,milit>y rank4 ,pr(ession4 ,la/ resid5ce4 ,reason = special treatm5t4 ,day & place ( special treatm5t 7c>d file74 ,9 reg>d to executions to be c>ri$ out & to ! possible removal ( reliable civilians & ! removal ( in=m]s = ! ,e9satz gr\p 9 ! occupi$ t]ritories1 ! lead] ( ! ,e9satzkomm&o mu/ make an agreem5t ) ! ne>e/ /ate police (fice1 z well z ) ! comm&ant ( ! security police unit & security s]vice & beyond ^! ) ! *ief ( ! ,e9satz gr\p conc]n$ 9 ! occupi$ t]ritories4 ,reports ( t k9d are to be transmitt$ = in=mation to ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice1 ,,iv ,a #a4 ,excell5t behavior dur+ & aft] duty1 ! be/ coop]ation ) ! camp comm&]s1 & c>eful exam9ations are ! duty ( all lead]s & memb]s ( ! ,e9satzkomm&o4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,e9satzkomm&o mu/ be con/antly aw>e ( ! special importance ( ! missions entru/$ to !m4 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,rudolf ,,br&t#hh ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,kauffmann3 ,witness1 ,i n[ put to y docum5ts conc]n+1 among o!r ?+s1 procur+ skulls ( ,jewi%-,bol%evi/ ,commiss>s4 ,please look at page #a ( ,docum5t ,,no-#jhe1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #age4 ,?is is a lett] f ! ,ahn5]be1 ( #i ,febru>y #aidb1 address$ to y4 ,x is a secret communication1 & x be>s ,siev]s' signature4 ,!re are two annexes to ?is docum5t4 ,"o ( !m conc]ns rese>* into microscopy1 & ! o!r "o conc]ns ! sugge/ion = procur+ ! a=e-m5tion$ skeletons = ! purpose ( sci5tific rese>*4 ,n[1 ,i ask y :e!r y receiv$ ?is docum5t1 :e!r y are famili> ) ! cont5ts ( ?is lett]1 & :e!r y /ill rememb] x today8 ,,def5dant ,,rudolf ,,br&t3 ,i receiv$ ! lett] ) ! inclosures1 b ,i recall z little ab\t ?is z ,i recall ab\t ! o!r matt]s4 ,q4 ,d y wi% to say !n t y did n read ! two inclosures to ?is lett]8 ,a4 ,t is :at ,i really %\ld l to say because1 z ,i h already said1 reports :i* 7 de/9$ = ! ,rei* ,lead] 7 put ) ! mail t he 0 to read p]sonally1 & x w\ld h be5 ! same 9 ! case ( ,pr(essor ,hirt's report1 :i* is really incompreh5sible to a lay read]4 ,q4 ,p]haps ,i might po9t out to ! ,tribunal t ! two inclosures are wrongly b\nd 9 ! docum5t4 ,! fir/ inclosure ref]s to ! microscopic rese>* & ! second inclosure to ! procur+ ( skeletons4 ,is t also y\r op9ion1 ,h]r ,br&t8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is h[ ! lett] /ates x4 ,fir/1 comes ! microscopic /udy & !n ! o!r4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,i ask y1 ) p>ticul> reg>d to ! fact t y are te/ify+ "u oa?1 did y "k 9 detail t1 z c be se5 f ?is report1 human be+s 7 to be kill$ & t ! skulls or skeletons 7 !n to be s5t to ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasb\rg8 ,did y "k ^! details8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i did n "k ^! details4 ,q4 ,w\ld y tell u j :at y did "k1 9 broad t]ms8 ,a4 ,i knew ! cont5ts ( ! lett] :i* ,i s5t on to ,ei*mann4 ,q4 ,?is is ,docum5t ,,no-#aaf1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #agh4 ,9 ?is lett] y in=m ,ei*mann t ev]y?+ necess>y w\ld be done = ,pr(essor ,hirt to build up ?is collection ( skeletons1 & y say fur!r t ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,siev]s w communicate ) ,ei*mann z to ! details ( ?is4 ,i n[ ask y1 :o is ,ei*mann8 ,a4 ,i d n ?9k t ,i _h any idea :o ,ei*mann 0 at t "t4 ,siev]s s5t me ! draft ( ?is lett]1 :i* ,i c]ta9ly did n s5d on 9 ?is =m z x appe>s "h4 ,z 0 always ! case1 ,i %[$ x to ,himml]1 & only !n did ,i s5d x on4 ,i am q sure t ,i he>d ,ei*mann's "n !n = ! fir/ "t4 ,i did n "k him o!rwise1 nor did ,i "k him lat]4 ,q4 ,c y n tell u :e!r y did n h "s idea z to :at 0 go+ on "h 9 ?is :ole bus9ess8 ,:51 = in/ance1 "o he>d t a collection ( skeletons 0 to be made1 !n "o w\ld surely ask oneself :at 0 really go+ on8 ,a4 ,i c]ta9ly _h no o!r ideas conc]n+ ?is matt] ?an ^? t w\ld normally arise 9 connection ) a collection ( skeletons = anatomical purposes2 & x w\ld nev] h occurr$ to me t any prison]s w\ld be us$ = ?is except ^? :o _h di$ a normal dea?4 ,q4 ,did y "w on ?is affair indep5d5tly !reaft]1 or did y submit ! matt] to ,himml] = him to decide & arrange8 ,a4 ,x 0 submitt$ to ,himml]1 l all o!r que/ions4 ,to beg9 ) ,i 0 n ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 su* matt]s1 & secondly1 ow+ to my lack ( te*nical k1 ,i c\ld n give ord]s or in/ructions = x to be c>ri$ out4 ,q4 ,i draw y\r att5tion n[ to ,docum5t ,,no-#jhg1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #aha1 aga9 a lett] to ,ei*mann m>k$ 8secret01 dat$ #ba ,june #aidc4 ,! lett] 0 app>5tly s5t by ,siev]s ) copies = two o!r p]sons & also ) a copy to be s5t to y4 ,?is lett] says t altoge!r #aae p]sons w\ld be affect$ & t ! select$ p]sons %\ld be s5t to ! conc5tration camp at ,natzweil]4 ,h[ w\ld su* a lett] be h&l$ by y 9 y\r regi/ry (fice--,i ref] n[ to ! copy :i* 0 s5t to y8 ,did y aga9 submit x to ,himml]1 & did y or someone else lay ! lett] aside8 ,a4 ,i d n rememb] ev] hav+ se5 ?is lett]4 ,! file note on x be>s an initial t is n m9e1 b t ( my collaborator ,b]g4 ,he also initial$ = fil+ sev]al ( ! docum5ts t are 9 ! docum5t book4 ,q4 ,n[1 please look at ! file note ( ,b]g4 7,,no-#jia1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ahc47 ,w\ld y say t t is ! same ,b]g :o initial$ ! =ego+ docum5t8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is ! same ,b]g4 ,q4 ,n[1 please look at ,docum5t ,,no-#jia4 ,"h x says1 8,note--= ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,dr4 ,br&t01 & x is sign$ by ,b]g4 ,?is reproduces a talk t ,b]g _h ) ,siev]s2 d y rememb] see+ ?is notation8 ,a4 ,i d n rememb] hav+ se5 x4 ,q4 ,let me po9t out ! date1 #bf ,octob] #aidd4 ,a4 ,t 0 ! la/ day ( our /ay at our ,ea/ ,prussian qu>t]s4 ,! ,russians 7 only ab\t #cj to #dj kilomet]s away4 ,b]g w\ld h made ! note s t ,i c\ld get a f9al report to ,himml]4 ,z1 h[ev]1 we _h to cle> out by t ev5+1 !re 7 m important ?+s to d ?an to submit su* a memor&um1 s t possibly he did n %[ x to me at all4 ----- #he ,trial be=e ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,see ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vols4 ,i-,,xlii1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #hf ,see ,case #h1 ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,ulri* ,greifelt1 et al4 9 vols4 ,,iv & ,v4 #hg ,see ,case #i1 ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,otto ,ohl5dorf1 et al4 9 vol4 ,,iv4 #hh ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #bd1 #be1 #bf ,m>* #aidg1 pp4 #dhfi-diid4 ,c4 ,project ,to ,kill ,tub]cul> ,poli% ,nationals a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,blome & ,rudolf ,br&t 7 *>g$ ) p>ticipation 9 & responsibility = ! murd] & mi/reatm5t ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,poli% ,nationals alleg$ly infect$ ) incurable tub]culosis 7p>4 #h ( ! indictm5t74 ,on ?is *>ge bo? def5dants 7 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce & argum5tation on ?is *>ge is conta9$ 9 its clos+ brief aga9/ ! def5dant ,blome4 ,an extract f ?is brief is set =? bel[ on pages #gfj to #gfc4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se has be5 select$ f ! f9al plea = ! def5dant ,blome4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #gfc to #gfh4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #gfi to #gid4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,blome 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]sonal ,p>ticipation 9 ,crim9al ,activities--,murd] & ,mi/reatm5t ( ,poli% ,nationals ,by #aida x 0 ! accept$ policy ( ! ,?ird ,rei* to ext]m9ate ! ,jewi% population ( ,g]many & ! occupi$ c\ntries4 7,,imt judgm5t4#hi7 ,9 pursuance ( ?is policy ! ,rei* ,gov]nor ( ! ,w>!gau1 ,greis]1 obta9$ p]mission f ,himml] to ext]m9ate ! ,jewi% population 9 ?is prov9ce4 ,9 a lett] ( #a ,may #aidb1 he in=m$ ,himml] t ! 8special treatm5t0 ( ab\t #ajj1jjj ,jews w\ld be complet$ )9 #b to #c mon?s4 ,he /at$ t z soon z ?is task 0 complet$1 ! 8exi/+ & effici5t special comm&os0 c\ld be us$ = ! ext]m9ation ( approximately #ce1jjj ,poli% ,nationals :o suff]$ f op5 tub]culosis4 ,^! ,poles alleg$ly 7 a dang] to ! ,g]man (ficials & _! families because !y 7 a possible s\rce ( tub]cul> infection4 ,greis] w5t on to say3 8,! ev]-increas+ risks 7 also recogniz$ & appreciat$ by ! deputy ( ! ,rei* ,heal? ,lead] = ,public ,heal? ,rei*sgesundheitsfuehr] ,comrade ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,blome z well z by ! lead] ( y\r ,x-ray battalion1 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hohlfeld]4 8,?\gh 9 ,g]many prop] x is n possible to take appropriate draconic /eps aga9/ ?is public plague1 ,i ?9k ,i c\ld take responsibility = my sugge/ion to h cases ( op5 tub]culosis ext]m9at$ among ! ,poli% race "h 9 ! ,w>!gau4 ,( c\rse1 only a ,pole %\ld be h&$ ov] to su* an action :o is n only suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis1 b ^: incurability is prov$ & c]tifi$ by a public heal? (fic]4 8,consid]+ ! urg5cy ( ?is project ,i ask = y\r approval 9 pr9ciple z soon z possible4 ,?is w\ld enable u to make ! prep>ations ) all necess>y precautions n[ to get ! action aga9/ ! ,poles suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis "u way1 :ile ! action aga9/ ! ,jews is 9 its clos+ /ages40 7,,no-#bdf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aif47 ,9 a lett] ( #bg ,june #aidb ,himml] gave cons5t 9 pr9ciple to ?is plan & in/ruct$ ,greis] to discuss ! individual measures 9 detail ) ! security police fir/1 9 ord] to assure an inconspicu\s accompli%m5t ( ! task4 7,,no-#bdd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bja47 ,on #ba ,novemb] #aidb ,greis] in=m$ ,himml] t ! exam9ations :i* 7 to be c>ri$ out 9 ord] to sep>ate ! curable & incurable w\ld be execut$ by ,pr(essor ,hohlfeld] & 8 ,x-ray battalion4 ,he e/imat$ t ! fir/ utilization ( ! me?od w\ld be 9 approximately six mon?s4 ,he fur!r /at$3 8,9 ?is /age ( ! proce$+s1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,blome1 9 8 capacity z ,deputy ,*ief ( ! ,public ,heal? ,(fice ,hauptamt fu] ,volksgesundheit ( ! ,,nsdap is rais+ "s objections z to its execution1 z he /ates 9 a lett] ( #ah ,novemb]4 ,^! objections are express$ only n[1 al?\gh ,dr4 ,blome & ,dr4 ,hohlfeld] & myself h sp5t mon?s ( prelim9>y "w on exam9ation1 cl>ification1 & /raight5+ out ! :ole proc$ure4 8,i enclose a copy ( ,blome's lett] ( #ah ,novemb] = y\r in=mation 99 99 9940 7,,no-#bdi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjb47 ,9 ?is lett]1 ,blome /at$ t among ! ,poli% population ( ! prov9ce1 at lea/ #ce1jjj p]sons 7 suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis1 & besides ?is numb]1 ab\t #abj1jjj consumptives 7 9 ne$ ( treatm5t4 ,?is con/itut$ an enorm\s dang] to ! ,g]man settl]s 9 all p>ts ( ! prov9ce4 ,9 ord] to make fur!r ,g]man immigration possible1 c\nt] measures 7 to be tak5 soon4 ,blome !n outl9$ ! ?ree ways = ! practical elim9ation ( ! dang] ( infection3 8#a4 ,special treatm5t ,sond]beh&lung ( ! s]i\sly ill p]sons4 8#b4 ,mo/ rigor\s isolation ( ! s]i\sly ill p]sons4 8#c4 ,creation ( a res]vation = all tub]cul> pati5ts40 ,z to ! fir/ proposal he /at$3 8,! approximately #ce1jjj ,poles :o are incurable & infecti\s w be #8specially treat$'4 ,all o!r ,poli% consumptives w be subject$ to an appropriate cure 9 ord] to save !m = "w & to avoid _! caus+ contagion40 7,,no-#bdi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjb47 ,blome po9t$ out t "o ( ! practical difficulties ( outright ext]m9ation ( all tub]cul> ,poles 0 t x might provide excell5t propag&a mat]ial = ! enemies ( ,g]many1 especially ) reg>d to ! /rong ,ca?olic feel+s ( ! ,italian nation & 8all ! physicians ( ! _w40 ,he !re=e consid]$ x necess>y t ,hitl] himself p]sonally decide on ?is /ep4 ,%\ld ,hitl] consid] ?is radical solution z unsuitable1 prep>ations = ! execution ( ! plan z outl9$ 9 po9ts #b & #c %\ld be made4 ,! exclusive settlem5t ( all tub]cul> ,poles1 irrespective ( :e!r !y 7 curable or incurable1 w\ld remove ! dang] ( infection = ! ,g]man settl]s4 ,^! ,poles %\ld be us$ = labor4 ,n only ! tub]cul> ,poles ( ! ,w>!gau1 b also ^? 9 ,danzig-,we/ ,prussia1 ^? ( ! adm9i/rative di/rict ( ,zi*5au1 & ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,upp] ,silesia %\ld be isolat$ 9 ! same settlem5t4 ,he /at$3 8,ano!r solution to be tak5 into consid]ation w\ld be a /rict isolation ( all ! infecti\s & incurable consumptives1 )\t exception1 9 nurs+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,?is solution w\ld lead to ! comp>atively rapid dea? ( ! sick4 ,) ! necess>y addition ( ,poli% doctors & nurs+ p]sonnel1 ! "* ( a pure dea? camp w\ld be some:at mitigat$40 7,,no-#bdi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjb47 ,f9ally ,blome advocat$ z ! mo/ practicable solution ! creation ( a res]vation simil> to ! res]vation = lep]s4 ,)9 ! res]vation1 ! /rict isolation ( ! /rongly contagi\s c\ld easily be a*iev$4 ,9 ?is way ! dang] ( infection w\ld be remov$ & ! problem ( ! ,g]man consumptives 9 ! prov9ce w\ld be ov]come4 7,,no-#bej1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjc47 ,blome admitt$ t ! expression 8special treatm5t0 :i* he us$ 9 ! lett] meant ! kill+ ( ! tub]cul> ,poles4 7,tr4 p4 #dgia47 ,himml] approv$ ,blome's plan to create a res]vation = tub]cul> ,poles1 incurable & curable alike1 9 a lett] to ,greis] dat$ #c ,decemb] #aidb4 ,x w\ld be possible to exploit ?is action = propag&a purposes1 :]eas on ! o!r h&1 outright ext]m9ation ( ^? inflict$ ) op5 tub]culosis w\ld take too long1 z ! ,x-ray exam9ations ( ! ,poli% population w\ld require at lea/ six mon?s4 7,,no-#bea1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjd47 ,t at lea/ "s ( ! tub]cul> ,poles 7 ext]m9at$1 :ile ! o!rs 7 tak5 to dea? camps :]e !y 7 left to die1 is prov$ by ! affidavit ( ! def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t4 7,,no-#dda1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bje47 ,br&t tri$ to expla91 n to say repudiate1 ?is affidavit by te/ify+ t he made ! /atem5ts on ! basis ( docum5ts %[n to him 9 pretrial int]rogations4 ,he /ress$ ! po9t1 h[ev]1 t he insi/$ ! word+ ( "o s5t5ce be *ang$4 ,?is s5t5ce orig9ally read3 8,z a result ( ! sugge/ions made by ,blome & ,greis]1 #h-aj1jjj ,poles 7 ext]m9at$06 ,he *ang$ ! expression 8#h-aj1jjj0 to 8num]\s40 7,tr4 pp4 #dhij1 #diec47 ,?is proves 9 itself t ,br&t did n make 8 /atem5t 9 exclusive reliance on ! cont5ts ( ! docum5ts %[n to him 9 pretrial int]rogations 7,tr4 p4 #dhia7 b also on ! basis ( ! k he obta9$ z collaborator ( ,himml]4 ,! docum5ts d n %[ ! execution ( 8num]\s0 ,poles4 ,moreov]1 ,br&t /ates 9 ^! docum5ts t ,dr4 ,blome visit$ ,himml] f "t to "t & support$ ,greis]'s sugge/ions4 ,!re is no docum5t 9 evid5ce or 9 ! possession ( ! prosecution :i* w\ld give ! basis = ?is /atem5t4 ,x is1 !re=e1 cle> t ,br&t's /atem5ts are f\nd$ ^u k :i* he obta9$ f ,himml]4 ,)\t a d\bt1 ,rudolf ,br&t is z well advis$ on ! crimes :i* are ! subject ( ?is trial z any man 9 ,g]many4 ,!re is no reason :atev] = refus+ to give full weight to ! pretrial /atem5ts ( ,br&t4 ,!re has be5 no pro( t ^! /atem5ts 7 obta9$ by fraud or duress4 ,br&t's te/imony be=e ! ,tribunal c be summ$ up 9 "o s5t5ce3 8,i rememb] no?+40 ,aside f a description ( ,himml]'s p]sonality1 he cont5t$ himself ) giv+ answ]s to lead+ que/ions by 8 attorney :i* 7 calculat$ to reveal him z a disembodi$ /5ographic automaton--some?+ 9 ! nature ( a pr(ici5t half-wit4 ,surely 8 pretrial affidavits are entitl$ to m weight ?an ! blatant nons5se :i* 0 8 te/imony4 ,blome d5i$ t he ev] plann$ or sugge/$ t ,poles suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis %\ld be ext]m9at$ & t ! rema9d] %\ld be put 9 res]vations & left !re to die 7,tr4 pp4 #degh1 #dgij-a7 b he is contradict$ by ! pro( ( 8 own mak+4 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,! ,,def5dant ,,blome#ij 99 99 99 99 99 ,probably ! mo/ s]i\s accusation aga9/ ,dr4 ,blome seem$ to be ! allegation t he _h propos$ ! murd] ( #be1jjj-cj1jjj tub]cul> ,poles & _h tak5 "p 9 c>ry+ out ?is plan4 ,! evid5ce cle>ly %[s1 h[ev]1 t ?is accusation is q unf\nd$4 ,i ma9ta9 on ! contr>y 7a7 x is n true t ,dr4 ,blome approv$ or support$ ?is murd]\s plan1 & 7b7 x is also untrue t ?is plan 0 ev] c>ri$ out4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t x 0 ,dr4 ,blome himself :o prev5t$ ?is devili% plan4 ,x 0 ,dr4 ,blome :o1 by 8 clev] int]v5tion sav$ ! lives ( ! #be1jjj-cj1jjj tub]cul> ,poles :o 7 to be 8liquidat$40 ,! docum5ts %[ t ?is plan orig9at$ ) ,gauleit] ,greis] & ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml]4 ,blome 0 !n assign$ to ?is matt] because x 0 kn[n t he _h = _m ye>s made ! fight aga9/ tub]culosis ! aim ( 8 life1 & because he built 8 canc] in/itute 9 ! same ,gau :i* ,gauleit] ,greis] gov]n$4 ,blome /at$ 8 attitude to ?is plan cle>ly at ! "t 9 ! well-kn[n lett] ( #ah ,novemb] #aidb4 7,,no-#bej1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjc47 ,he discuss$ ! ?ree possibilities :i* exi/$ & expla9$ ! pro's & con's ( ea* ( ^! ?ree possibilities 9 detail4 ,^! ?ree possibilities 7 ei!r 8,liquidation10 i4 e41 ! murd] ( ^? ,poles suff]+ f incurable tub]culosis1 _! int]nm5t 9 isolat$ in/itutions1 or la/ly1 _! settlem5t 9 a res]vation4 ,9 8 lett] ( #ah ,novemb] #aidb 7,app5dix #be7 he def9itely reject$ ! fir/ possibility & advocat$ ! latt]4 ,9 ?is1 ,blome 0 completely successful4 ,greis] 0 s mu* impress$ by ,blome's argum5ts t he no long] d>$ to c>ry out ! liquidation ( ! ,poles :i* _h be5 decid$ ^u4 ,9 fact1 he submitt$ ,dr4 ,blome's memor&um to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml]1 s t he %\ld obta9 a decision f ,hitl] himself4 7,,no-#bdi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjb47 ,?is 0 already a rem>kable success = ,blome1 because ,himml] _h already ord]$ ! liquidation ( ! ,poles4 ,blome's argum5ts made su* an impression ev5 on ! bloodh\nd ,himml] t1 contr>y to ,greis]'s expectations1 he cauti\sly put ! matt] be=e ,hitl] aga9 & obta9$ 8 def9ite rul+4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ?is 9 itself w\ld no long] h be5 necess>y1 because n only _h ,conti agre$ to ! murd]1 b f ,greis]'s cov]+ note ( #ba ,novemb] #aidb x is obvi\s t ,hitl] _h also giv5 8 approval to ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,poles be=e4 ,!reupon1 aft] a subsequ5t exam9ation ( ! matt]1 ,hitl] )drew ! ext]m9ation ord] & ?us ,himml] _h no alt]native b to d ! same4 ,?is is cle>ly prov$ by ,himml]'s lett] ( #c ,decemb] #aidb4 7,,no-#bea1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjd47 ,! ext]m9ation ( ! ,poles did n take place2 ?is is due to ,blome4 ,al?\gh ^! facts are inconte/ably prov$ by ! docum5ts pres5t$1 ! prosecution nev]!less upheld ! *>ge aga9/ ,blome4 ,?is evid5tly 0 due to ! peculi> word+ ( ,blome's lett] to ,greis] ( #ah ,novemb] #aidb4 ,! prosecution 9 _! spee* ( #ai ,decemb] #aidf describ$ ?is lett] a 8devili% ma/]piece ( murd]\s int5t40 ,9 consid]+ ?is case1 ! prevail+ conditions %\ld be borne 9 m9d4 ,dr4 ,blome knew t ! tub]cul\s ,poles 7 lo/1 t _! murd] _h be5 decid$ ^u1 unless x 0 possible on "s gr\nds to *ange ,hitl]'s m9d at ! la/ mom5t4 ,! /atem5t ( ! witness ,dr4 ,gund]mann 7,blome #a1 ,blome ,ex4 #h7 prov$ t ,blome at t "t1 z is confirm$ by ,blome's own te/imony 7,tr4 pp4 #degd-gh71 /rove = days = a successful word+ ( 8 lett]2 he repeat$ly draft$ ! lett]1 !n reject$ ! word+ aga91 & f9ally introduc$ argum5ts 9 ! lett] :i* he hop$ w\ld be successful4 ,f ! v beg9n+ he 0 aw>e1 ( c\rse1 t 8 int]v5tion 0 b\nd to fail & h no success if he describ$ ,hitl]'s plann$ ext]m9ation ( ! ,poles z a crime & d[nright murd] & solemnly prote/$ aga9/ x4 ,9 ?is way ,blome w\ld h a*iev$ no?+ = ! ,poles1 b w\ld h _h to expect to be br\ght be=e a c\rt himself & s5t5c$ = sabotag+ an ord] ( ! ,fuehr]1 or to h disappe>$ 9 a conc5tration camp )\t any legal s5t5ce4 ,) su* simple me?od z ent]+ a solemn prote/ by call+ on ! laws ( humanity or ( ju/ice no?+ w\ld h be5 a*iev$ ) ,hitl]1 especially :5 he _h already made up 8 m9d & _h decid$ on a c]ta9 matt] & _h already giv5 ! necess>y ord]s = execution2 9 su* cases ,hitl] 0 usually inaccessible & w\ld n li/5 to any c\nt]proposals4 ,dr4 ,blome knew ?is1 ( c\rse1 j z well z1 = in/ance1 ! ,gauleit] ( ! ,l[] ,danube1 :o 9 connection ) a simil> problem 7/]ilization71 9 8 lett] ( #bd ,augu/ #aidb 7,,no-#jci1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aec7 po9t$ out ! importance ( 8enemy propag&a10 z he consid]$ ?is mo/ likely to be successful4 ,dr4 ,blome !re=e look$ = reasons :i* w\ld p]haps h a decisive influ5ce on ,hitl] & ^! 7 ei!r ! ,*ur* or o!r nations4 ,x is und]/&able t ,hitl]1 9 view ( ! t5se situation at t "t1 9 ! middle ( ! ,second ,_w ,w>1 did n want to break completely ) ! ,*ur*1 & he also _h to consid] ! op9ion ( =eign c\ntries s z n to antagonize neutral /ates4 ,dr4 ,blome speculat$ on ^! two po9ts4 ,9 8 lett] ( #ah ,novemb] #aidb he emphasiz$ 9 a skillful mann]1 & ) full det]m9ation1 ^! two po9ts ( view1 & ) ^? two ref]5ces he a*iev$ full success4 7,,no-#bej1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjc47 ,x may n[ be realiz$ :y ,blome1 9 ! e>ly "p ( 8 lett]1 tri$ to give ,hitl] ! impression t he 7,blome7 fully agre$ ) ! plan z su* = ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,poles1 & :y he ev5 pret5d$ t ev]y?+ 0 already prep>$ = ! execution ( ?is plan4 ,hitl] _h1 s to speak1 only to press ! button & #be1jjj-cj1jjj ,poles w\ld be done away )4 ,?is 0 m]ely a trick :i* ,blome us$ 9 ord] to ensure a favorable consid]ation ( 8 second & ?ird proposals 7int]nm5t or res]vation74 ,if ,dr4 ,blome _h writt5 t he decl9$ to approve su* an ord] ( ! ,fuehr]1 t1 9 consequ5ce1 no prep>ations = its execution _h be5 made1 & t he w\ld r resign ?an become a p>ty to a mass murd]1 !n ,hitl] w\ld h _h 8 cu/om>y outbur/1 & ,blome w\ld h be5 f9i%$ z f> z he 0 conc]n$2 he w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h entirely disreg>d$ ! prote/ ( su* a 8saboteur10 & 9 ! int]e/s ( s-call$ 8reasons ( ,/ate10 ! ,fuehr]'s ord]s w\ld h be5 /rictly c>ri$ out4 ,to prev5t ?is1 ,dr4 ,blome _h to pret5d = ! "t be+1 t he 0 ready to ackn[l$ge ! ,fuehr]'s ord]s z a matt] ( c\rse &1 :]e possible1 to p>ticipate p]sonally 9 _! execution1 if ,hitl]1 z ,head ( ! ,/ate1 s desir$4 ,h[ev]1 :5 weigh+ ! pro's & con's1 ,dr4 ,blome 0 able to br+ to ! =egr\nd po9ts ( view aga9/ ! plan ( ext]m9ation :i* conceivably might greatly impress ,hitl]4 ,blome's lett] ( #ah ,novemb] #aidb c only be expla9$ ?us1 & 0 int5d$ 9 ?is way4 7,blome #a1 ,blome ,ex4 #h47 ,s ,dr4 ,blome1 on ! /r5g? ( ?is lett]1 _c be convict$4 ,= x is c]ta9 t ,hitl] !reupon dropp$ 8 plan & completely resc9d$ 8 ord]s = ! murd]4 ,?is success1 :i* c\ld h>dly h be5 anticipat$ because ( ,hitl]'s ob/9acy & va+lory1 completely ju/ifies ! def5dant ,blome4 ,x proves t ,blome's conception 0 ! "r "o & t 8 manipulations sav$ ! lives ( ! ,poles4 ,ano!r matt] help$ ,blome consid]ably1 :i* mu/ n be ov]look$ "h4 ,%ortly be=e1 ,hitl] _h cancell$ ! cont9uation ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,app>5tly he did ?is "u ! influ5ce ( num]\s prote/s :i* _h be5 made by ! two ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es4 ,! reaction abroad also play$ a consid]able "p 9 ?is because mass de/ruction ( ! insane _h be5 tak5 up repeat$ly by ! =eign press ) p>ticul> reproa*es aga9/ ! ,nazi regime4 ,dr4 ,blome made use ( ^! po9ts ( view :i* _h prov$ effective 9 ! case ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 & !y also produc$ tell+ effects 9 ! case ( ! tub]cul> ,poles4 ,:y did ! prosecut+ au?orities ma9ta9 ! accusation aga9/4 ,dr4 ,blome 9 spite ( all ?is8 ,app>5tly ?is 0 solely on acc\nt ( an affidavit by ! codef5dant ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,9 8 affidavit ( #bd ,octob] #aidf ,rudolf ,br&t completely suppresses ! lett]s :i* cause ! complete resc9d+ ( ! plan = murd]4 7,,no-#dda1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bje47 ,he is sil5t ab\t ^! lett]s1 al?\gh x c be prov$ t !y pass$ ?r\gh 8 h&s1 7 initial$1 & h&$ d[n to l[] (fices by him4 ,dur+ 8 exam9ation by ! def5se1 ,rudolf ,br&t 0 *>g$ ) untru?fulness4 ,he 0 unable to (f] an explanation1 fail$ to answ]1 & 0 =c$ to submit to ! *>ge ( untru?fulness1 ( delib]ate untru?fulness4 ,altoge!r1 ,rudolf ,br&t has made an amaz+ numb] ( affidavits2 he has1 )\t scruples1 suppli$ ! prosecution ) practically e affidavit desir$ = ! incrim9ation ( codef5dants1 & ) equal read9ess1 he has giv5 affidavits = ^! same codef5dants :i* directly contradict$ 8 =m] ass]tions4 ,:at he confirms "u oa? today1 he d5ies "u oa? tomorr[1 & vice v]sa4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ be /at$ t ! affidavit :i* ,rudolf ,br&t made aga9/ ,dr4 ,blome1 dat$ #bd ,octob] #aidf1 0 ! climax ( 8 m5dacity4 ,aft] ! exp]i5ces 9 ?is trial1 & aft] hav+ become acqua9t$1 z we h1 ) a man l ,rudolf ,br&t1 x w\ld be ridicul\s ev5 to consid] atta*+ any weight to ! affidavit ( a man su* z we h got to "k 9 ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,8 affidavit ( #bd ,octob] #aidf has be5 entirely refut$ by docum5ts introduc$ by ! prosecution4 ,x is unnecess>y1 !re=e1 to exam9e to :at ext5t ,rudolf ,br&t's untru?fulness c be trac$ to 8 /ate ( m5tal heal?4 ,dur+ ! session ( #i ,decemb] #aidf ! prosecut+ au?orities ann\nc$3 8,! prosecution w introduce evid5ce to %[ t ! program 0 9 fact c>ri$ out at ! end ( #aidb & ! beg9n+ ( #aidc1 & t z a result ( ! sugge/ions made by ,blome & ,greis]1 _m ,poles 7 ru?lessly ext]m9at$ & t o!rs 7 tak5 to isolat$ camps1 utt]ly lack+ 9 m$ical facilities1 :]e ?\s&s ( !m di$40 ,?is evid5ce has n be5 produc$ s f> by ! prosecut+ au?orities1 al?\gh ! def5se1 dur+ ! session ( #ag ,m>* #aidg1 ref]r$ 9 p>ticul> to ?is lack ( evid5ce4 ,! ass]tions ( a ,rudolf ,br&t 9 ?is respect _c be evaluat$ z 8evid5ce10 ev5 if x _h n be5 completely retract$ & ev5 if x _h n already be5 completely refut$ by additional docum5ts submitt$ by ! prosecution4 ,if ! prosecut+ au?orities _h succe$$ 9 produc+ ! witness ,p]wits*ky1 :o _h already be5 propos$ 9 #aidf1 & :o _h be5 approv$ by ! ,tribunal1 !n 8 te/imony w\ld h produc$ additional cle> pro( t ,blome actually prev5t$ ! propos$ mass murd]4 ,we "k t lat] fate ( ^! ,poles :o suff]$ f incurable op5 tub]culosis f ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,gund]mann1 ! highe/ m$ical (fic] ( ! ,w>!gau 7! t]ritory 9 :i* ! tub]cul> ,poles 7 to be liquidat$74 7,blome #a1 ,blome ,ex4 #h47 ,! fight aga9/ tub]culosis 0 a legal task ( ! ,public ,heal? ,(fices :i* 7 subord9at$ 9 ! ,w>!gau to ! witness ,dr4 ,gund]mann4 ,z a result ( difficulties caus$ by ! w>1 x 0 n possible to accommodate dur+ ! w>1 ei!r 9 re/rict$ in/itutions or 9 a segregat$ area1 ^? suff]+ f tub]culosis2 ^! two possibilities1 :i* _h be5 exam9$ 9 a lett] dat$ #ah ,novemb] #aidb f ,blome to ,greis] 7 !re=e out ( ! "q = ! "t be+4 7,,no-#bej1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjc47 ,!re=e1 ! tub]cul> ,poles 7 provid$ = accord+ to ! same legal regulations :i* appli$ to tub]cul> ,g]mans 9 ,g]many prop]4 ,legal regulations not)/&+1 a sep>ate ,tub]culosis ,welf>e ,(fice1 ) ,poli% physicians & nurses1 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! v>i\s heal? (fices ( ! ,w>!gau4 7,blome #a1 ,blome ,ex4 #h47 ,!re=e1 ! cont5tion ( ! prosecution 8t ! accommodation ( sick ,poles 9 re/rict$ in/itutions result$ 9 ! comp>atively rapid dea? ( ! sick0 or1 t ! transportation ( ! sick into a res]v$ area meant t1 8!y 7 left to _! fate1 provid$ ) few physicians & ) few or no nurs+ p]sonnel10 is devoid ( application4 7,tr4 pp4 #geg-ei47 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ^! proposals by ,blome 7= int]nm5t or res]v$ areas7 did n orig9ate f him1 b _h already be5 discuss$ dur+ ! meet+ ( ! ,g]man ,tub]culosis ,society 9 #aicg1 & w5t back to proposals :i* _h already be5 work$ out ye>s be=e by ,engli% rese>* work]s 9 tub]culosis on in/ructions f ! ,int]national ,tub]culosis ,commission1 & :i* _h be5 g5]ally approv$4 7,blome #ad1 ,blome ,ex4 #f47 ,!re=e1 ev5 if ! exi/5ce ( ^! proposals _h be5 kn[n1 x _c be said t !y contradict$ 9 any way ! laws ( humanity4 ,accord+ to widespread views held by ! responsible circles1 su* measures are necess>y if tub]culosis1 f :i* millions die ye>ly1 is to be f\ght effectively1 & if ! heal?y portion ( ! population is to be protect$ effectively aga9/ ! dang]s ( infection ?r\gh incurable tub]cul> pati5ts4 ,9 ?is case1 ! protection ( ! heal?y population aga9/ infection appe>s m important ?an consid]ation = ! unre/rict$ lib]ty ( incurable pati5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,pros4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#bdg #aig ,lett] f ,koppe to ,rudolf ,br&t1 #c ,may #gfi #aidb1 conc]n+ ! kill+ ( tub]cul> ,poles4 ,,no-#bdd #bja ,lett] f ,himml] 7sign$ by ,rudolf #ggj ,br&t7 to ,greis]1 #bg ,june #aidb1 conc]n+ ! ext]m9ation ( tub]cul> ,poles4 ,,no-#bej #bjc ,lett] f ,blome to ,greis]1 #ah ,novemb] #gga #aidb1 conc]n+ ! mass ext]m9ation ( tub]cul> ,poles4 ,,no-#dda #bje ,affidavit ( def5dant ,rudolf ,br&t1 #bd #gge ,octob] #aidf1 conc]n+ ! plan to ext]m9ate tub]cul> ,poli% ,nationals4 ,,no-#bdf #aif ,lett] f ,greis] to ,himml]1 #a ,may #ggf #aidb1 conc]n+ ! plan = mass ext]m9ation ( tub]cul> ,poles4 ,def5se ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,def4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,blome #ad ,blome ,ex4 #f ,extracts f a report on ! ,g]man #ggg ,tub]culosis ,conf]5ce ( #ah to #bj ,m>* #aicg1 at ,wiesbad54 ,blome #a ,blome ,ex4 #h ,extracts f ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,osk> #ggh ,gund]mann1 #bh ,decemb] #aidf1 /at+ t ,blome oppos$ ! plan to ext]m9ate tub]cul> ,poles & t ! plan 0 nev] c>ri$ out4 ,te/imony ,extract f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,blome4 #ghj ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bdg ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aig ,,lett] ,,f ,,koppe ,,to ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #c ,,may #aidb1 ,,conc]n+! ,,kill+ ,,( ,,tub]cul> ,,poles ,! ,high] ,,ss & ,police ,lead] on ! ,/aff ( ! ,rei* ,gov]nor 9 ,poznan1 ,9 ,milit>y ,di/rict ,,xxi ,wehrkreis ,,xxi1 ,j\rnal ,no4 #acb_/db g ,poznan1 #c ,may #aidb ,fritz-,reut] ,/reet1 #b;a ,tel3 #feja-je ,secret ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss1 ,p]sonal ,/aff1 ,att5tion3 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,br&t1 ,b]l9 ,,sw #aa1 ,pr9z ,albre*t ,/reet #h4 ,subject3 ,poles afflict$ ) ,,tb4 ,de> ,comrade ,br&t1 ,may ,i ask t y submit ! foll[+ matt] to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss3 ,! ,gauleit] w %ortly ask ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss = p]mission to h ,poles :o h be5 %[n to be afflict$ ) op5 ,,tb admitt$ to ! deta*m5t ,lange = special treatm5t4 ,?is reque/ is motivat$ by ! ,gauleit]'s s]i\s & und]/&able conc]n = ! physical welf>e ( ! ,g]man p "h4 ,= !re are ab\t #bj-be1jjj ,poles 9 ! ,gau :o1 accord+ to ! doctors' op9ion1 are afflict$ ) incurable ,,tb & :o w n be fit = assignm5t to "w aga94 ,9 view ( ! fact t ^! ,poles live v closely cr[d$ toge!r1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! cities1 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 !y come 9 con/ant contact ) ! ,g]man population1 !y con/itute a trem5d\s s\rce ( infection :i* mu/ be *eck$ z quickly z possible4 ,if ?is is n done1 ! infection ( l>ge numb]s ( ,g]mans & mo/ s]i\s damage to ! heal? ( ! ,g]man population mu/ be expect$4 ,today already ! numb] ( cases ( ,g]mans1 among !m also memb]s ( ! police =ce1 becom+ infect$ by ,poles ) ,,tb is increas+4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ,i consid] ! solution desir$ by ! ,gauleit] z ! only possible "o & ask t y in=m ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss accord+ly4 ,) comradely greet+s1 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs1 ,signature ,w4 ,,koppe ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bdd ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bja ,,lett] ,,f ,,himml] 7,,sign$ ,,by ,,rudolf ,,br&t7 ,,to ,,greis]1 #bg ,,june #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,ext]m9ation ,,( ,,tub]cul> ,,poles ,top ,secret ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,j\rnal ,no4 #abdg_/db ,ref]5ce3 ,y\rs ( #a ,may #aidb1 ,p #hjb_/db4 ,bra_/,v4 ,h&writt5 ,,xi #b_/ig ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s1 #bg ,june #aidb ,secret ,rei*s/at?alt] ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,greis]1 ,poznan #a4 ,de> ,comrade ,greis]6 ,i am sorry t ,i 0 n able until today to give a def9ite answ] to y\r lett] ( #a ,may #aidb4 ,i h no objection to hav+ protectorate p & /ateless p]sons ( ,poli% orig91 :o live )9 ! t]ritory ( ! ,w>!gau & are infect$ ) tub]culosis1 h&$ ov] = special treatm5t z y sugge/2 z long z _! disease is incurable accord+ to ! diagnosis ( an (ficial physician4 ,i w\ld l to reque/1 h[ev]1 to discuss ! individual measures 9 detail ) ! security police fir/1 9 ord] to assure inconspicu\s accompli%m5t ( ! task4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs1 ,sign$ ,h4 ,,himml] #b4 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,koppe #c4 ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice ,copies = in=mation4 ,by ord]3 ,signature ,,br4 ,,ss ,ob]/urmbannfuehr]4 ,initial$ ,m #be_/f4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bej ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bjc ,,lett] ,,f ,,blome ,,to ,,greis]1 #ah ,,novemb] #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,mass ,,ext]m9ation ,,( ,,tub]cul> ,,poles ,dr4 m$4 ,kurt ,blome ,deputy ,head ,,nsdap ,ma9 ,(fice = ,public ,heal? #ah ,novemb] #aidb ,b]l91 ,,sw #fh1 ,l9d5/rasse #db ,to ! ,rei*s/at?alt] & ,gauleit]1 ,p>ty ,memb] ,greis]1 ,poznan ,ref]5ce3 ,tub]culosis action 9 ! ,w>!gau4 ,de> ,p>ty ,memb] ,greis]1 ,today ,i return to our v>i\s conv]sations conc]n+ ! fight aga9/ tub]culosis 9 y\r ,gau1 & ,i w give y--z agre$ on ! #i? ( ?is mon? 9 ,muni*--a detail$ picture ( ! situation z x appe>s to me4 ,conditions = quickly gett+ hold ( all consumptives 9 y\r ,gau exi/4 ,! total population ( y\r ,gau am\nts to ab\t #d4e million p1 ( :i* ab\t #hce1jjj are ,g]mans4 ,accord+ to previ\s obs]vations1 ! numb] ( consumptives 9 ! ,w>!gau is f> great] ?an ! av]age numb] 9 ! old ,rei*4 ,x 0 calculat$ t 9 #aici !re 7 among ! ,poles ab\t #ce1jjj p]sons suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis1 & besides ?is numb] ab\t #abj1jjj o!r consumptives 9 ne$ ( treatm5t4 ,9 ?is connection x mu/ be m5tion$ t1 9 spite ( ! evacuation ( "p ( ! ,poles fur!r to ! ea/1 ! numb] ( sick p]sons is at lea/ z great z 9 #aici4 ,z1 9 consequ5ce ( ! w>1 liv+ & food conditions h det]iorat$ /eadily1 "o mu/ expect an ev5 high] numb]4 ,) ! settlem5t ( ,g]mans 9 all p>ts ( ! ,gau an enorm\s dang] has aris5 = !m4 ,a numb] ( cases ( infection ( *ildr5 & adults occur daily4 ,:at goes = ! ,w>!gau mu/ to a c]ta9 degree also hold true = ! o!r annex$ t]ritories1 su* z ,danzig-,we/ ,prussia1 ! adm9i/rative di/ricts ( ,zi*5au & ,kat[ice4 ,!re are cases ( ,g]mans settl$ 9 ! ,w>!gau :o refuse to h _! families foll[ because ( ! dang] ( infection4 ,if su* behavior is imitat$1 & if our compatriots see t necess>y measures = combat+ tub]culosis among ! ,poles are n c>ri$ out1 x is to be expect$ t ! necess>y fur!r immigration w come to a halt4 ,9 su* a way ! settlem5t program = ! ,ea/ might rea* an undesir$ /ate4 ,!re=e1 some?+ basic mu/ be done soon4 ,"o mu/ decide ! mo/ effici5t way 9 :i* ?is c be done4 ,!re are ?ree ways to be tak5 into consid]ation3 #a4 ,special treatm5t ( ! s]i\sly ill p]sons4 #b4 ,mo/ rigor\s isolation ( ! s]i\sly ill p]sons4 #c4 ,creation ( a res]vation = all ,,tb pati5ts4 ,= ! plann+1 att5tion mu/ be paid to diff]5t po9ts ( view ( a practical1 political1 & psy*ological nature4 ,consid]+ x mo/ sob]ly1 ! simple/ way w\ld be ! foll[+3 ,aid$ by ! ,x-ray battalion we c\ld rea* ! entire population1 ,g]man & ,poli%1 ( ! ,gau dur+ ! fir/ half ( #aidc4 ,z to ! ,g]mans1 ! treatm5t & isolation are to be prep>$ & c>ri$ out accord+ to ! regulations ( tub]culosis relief4 ,! approximately #ce1jjj ,poles :o are incurable & infecti\s w be 8specially treat$40 ,all o!r ,poli% consumptives w be subject$ to an appropriate cure 9 ord] to save !m = "w & to avoid _! caus+ contagion4 ,accord+ to y\r reque/ ,i made arrangem5ts ) ! (fices 9 "q1 9 ord] to />t & c>ry out ?is radical proc$ure )9 half a ye>4 ,y told me t ! compet5t (fice agre$ ) y z to ?is 8special treatm5t0 & promis$ support4 ,be=e we def9itely />t ! program1 ,i ?9k x w\ld be correct if y w\ld make sure once m t ! ,fuehr] w really agree to su* a solution4 ,i c\ld imag9e t ! ,fuehr]1 hav+ "s "t ago /opp$ ! program 9 ! insane asylums1 might at ?is mom5t consid] a 8special treatm5t0 ( ! incurably sick z unsuitable1 & irresponsible f a political po9t ( view4 ,z reg>ds ! ,eu?anasia ,program x 0 a "q ( p ( ,g]man nationality afflict$ ) h]$it>y diseases4 ,n[ x is a "q ( infect$ sick p ( a subjugat$ nation4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! int5d$ program is ! mo/ simple & mo/ radical solution4 ,if absolute secrecy c\ld be gu>ante$1 all scruples--reg>dless ( :at nature--c\ld be ov]come4 ,b ,i consid] ma9ta9+ secrecy impossible4 ,exp]i5ce has taught t ?is assumption is true4 ,%\ld ^! sick p]sons1 hav+ be5 br\ght1 z plann$1 to ! old ,rei* suppos$ly to be treat$ or heal$1 actually nev] return1 ! relatives ( ^! sick p]sons 9 spite ( ! greate/ secrecy w\ld "s day notice 8t some?+ 0 n q "r04 ,"o mu/ take into consid]ation t !re are _m ,poli% work]s 9 ! old ,rei* :o w inquire z to ! :]eab\ts ( _! relatives2 t !re are a c]ta9 numb] ( ,g]mans relat$ to or alli$ by m>riage ) ,poles :o c\ld 9 ?is way le>n ( ! transports ( ! sick4 ,v soon m def9ite news ( ?is program w\ld leak out :i* w\ld be tak5 up by enemy propag&a4 ,! ,eu?anasia ,program taught 9 :i* mann] ?is 0 done & :i* me?ods 7 us$4 ,?is new program c\ld be us$ bett] politically1 z x conc]ns p]sons ( a subjugat$ nation4 ,! ,*ur* w n rema9 sil5t ei!r4 ,nor w p /op at discuss+ ?is program4 ,c]ta9 int]e/$ circles w spread ! rumor among ! p t simil> me?ods are also to be us$ 9 ! future = ,g]man consumptives--ev51 t "o c c\nt on m or less all incurably ill be+ done away ) 9 ! future4 ,9 connection ) ?is ,i recall ! recurr+ rec5t =eign broadca/ 9 connection ) ! appo9tm5t ( ,pr(essor ,br&t z commission] g5]al spread+ ! news t he 0 ord]$ to att5d z little z possible to ! heal+ ( ! s]i\sly sick1 b all ! m to heal+ ! less sick4 ,& !re are m ?an en\gh p :o li/5 to illegal broadca/s4 ,fur!rmore1 x is to be tak5 into consid]ation t ! plann$ proce$+ w provide excell5t propag&a mat]ial = our enemies1 n only z reg>ds ! ,italian physicians & sci5ti/s1 b also z reg>ds all ! ,italian p 9 consequ5ce ( _! /rong ,ca?olic ties4 ,x is also beyond all d\bt t ! enemy w mobilize all ! physicians ( ! _w4 ,& ?is w be all ! m easy z ! g5]al age-old conception ( m$ical duty practice is 8to keep alive ! poor & guiltless pati5t z long z possible & to allay 8 suff]+40 ,!re=e1 ,i ?9k x necess>y to expla9 all ^! po9ts ( view to ! ,fuehr] be=e und]tak+ ! program1 z1 9 my op9ion1 he is ! only "o able to view ! entire complex & to come to a decision4 ,%\ld ! ,fuehr] decl9e ! radical solution1 prep>ations = ano!r way mu/ be made4 ,an exclusive settlem5t ( all ,poli% consumptives1 bo? incurable & curable1 w\ld be "o possibility ( assur+ an isolation ( ! infect$4 ,"o c\ld settle ) !m _! imm$iate relatives1 if !y s desire1 s t nurs+ & livelihood w\ld be assur$4 ,z reg>ds labor commitm5t1 besides agriculture & =e/ry c]ta9 bran*es ( indu/ry c\ld be develop$ 9 su* t]ritories4 ,i _c judge :e!r y c conceive su* a possibility )9 y\r ,gau4 ,i also c\ld imag9e ! creation ( a common area = ! settlem5t ( ! consumptives n only ( y\r ,gau1 b also ( ! di/ricts ( ,danzig-,we/ ,prussia1 ( ! adm9i/rative di/rict ( ,zi*5au & ( ! prov9ce ( ,upp] ,silesia4 ,9 ord] to avoid unnecess>y ov]tax+ ( public means ( transport1 ! transf] c\ld be accompli%$ by walk+4 ,?is w\ld be a solution t _w propag&a c\ld h>dly use aga9/ u1 & "o1 on ! o!r h&1 t w\ld n ar\se any ( ^? /upid rumors 9 our own c\ntry4 ,ano!r solution to be tak5 into consid]ation w\ld be a /rict isolation ( all ! infecti\s & incurable consumptives1 )\t exception1 9 nurs+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,?is solution w\ld lead to ! comp>atively rapid dea? ( ! sick4 ,) ! necess>y addition ( ,poli% doctors & nurs+ p]sonnel1 ! "* ( a pure dea? camp w\ld be some:at mitigat$4 ,! foll[+ ,poli% accommodation possibilities are at pres5t available 9 y\r ,gau3 ,nurs+ ,home ,walrode #djj b$s ,nurs+ ,home 8,grote ,wiese0 #cjj b$s ,small] e/abli%m5ts #bjj b$s ,lieb/adt b>racks1 di/rict ( ,leslau z ( #a ,jan #aidc #a1jjj b$s ---------- ,total #a1ijj b$s ,%\ld ! radical solution1 i4 e41 proposal ,no4 #a1 be out ( "q1 ! necess>y conditions = proposals #b or #c mu/ be creat$4 ,we mu/ keep 9 m9d ! conditions ( ! w> deprive u ( ! possibility ( arrang+ = a fairly adequate treatm5t ( ! curable consumptives4 ,to d s w\ld require procur+ at lea/ #aj1jjj m b$s4 ,?is figure1 "u ! condition t ! program is to be c>ri$ out )9 half a ye>1 c\ld n be met4 ,aft] a prop] exam9ation ( all ^! consid]ations & circum/ances1 ! creation ( a res]vation1 su* z ! res]vations = lep]s1 seems to be ! mo/ practicable solution4 ,su* a res]vation %\ld be able to be creat$ 9 ! %orte/ "t by means ( ! necess>y settlem5t4 ,)9 ! res]vation "o c\ld easily set up conditions = ! /rict isolation ( ! /rongly contagi\s4 ,ev5 ! case ( ! ,g]man consumptives repres5ts an extremely difficult problem = ! ,gau4 ,b ?is _c be ov]come1 unless ! problem ( ! ,poli% consumptives is solv$ at ! same "t4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,y\rs1 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,blome ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dda ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bje ,,affidavit ,,( ,,def5dant ,,rudolf ,,br&t1 #bd ,,octob] #aidf1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,plan ,,to ,,ext]m9ate ,,tub]cul> ,,poli% ,,nationals ,i1 ,rudolf ,emil ,h]mann ,br&t1 be+ duly sworn1 depose & /ate3 #a4 ,i am ! same ,rudolf ,br&t :o on #cj ,augu/ #aidf swore an affidavit conc]n+ c]ta9 l[-pressure exp]im5ts :i* 7 also conduct$ ) te/ subjects ( ! ,da*au conc5tration camp )\t _! cons5t4 #b4 ,i am entitl$ by ! same reasons z already /at$ 9 p>agraphs #a1 #b1 & #c ( my affidavit ( #cj ,augu/ #aidf to /ate z foll[s3 #c4 ,9 ! middle ( #aidb ! ,rei* ,gov]nor ( ! ,w>!gau1 ,h]b]t ,ar?ur787 ,greis]1 sugge/$ to ,himml] to annihilate ,poles infect$ ) incurable tub]culosis4 ,9 submitt+ ?is sugge/ion1 ,greis] gave z a reason t ! ,g]mans 9 ,pol& w\ld be expos$ to ?is epidemic4 ,dr4 ,kurt ,blome1 ,deputy ,*ief ( ! ,ma9 ,(fice = ,public ,heal? ( ! ,,nsdap1 & radiologi/ ,dr4 ,hohlfeld] conf]r$ ) ,greis] ab\t ?is matt]4 ,dr4 ,blome 0 f "t to "t ) ,himml] & support$ ,greis]'s sugge/ion4 #d4 ,! ,high] ,,ss & ,police ,lead]1 & ,*ief ( ! ,w>!gau1 ,koppe1 fur!r1 ,muell] ( ,(fice ,,iv ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice 7,,r%a71 & ! ,*ief ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice1 ,heydri*1 7 involv$ 9 ?is op]ation4 ,at ! end ( #aidb & ! beg9n+ ( #aidc ,greis] c>ri$ out ! annihilation ( ! ,jews 9 ! ,w>!gau1 & ! r\nd+ up ( ! tub]cul> ,poles 0 f9i%$ at ! same "t z ! r\nd+ up ( ! ,jews4 ,z a result ( ! sugge/ions made by ,blome & ,greis] num]\s ,poles 7 ext]m9at$4 ,_m ?\s&s ( tub]cul> ,poles 7 tak5 to isolation camps :]e !y _h to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,i h read ! above affidavit 9 ! ,g]man language1 consi/+ ( "o page1 & x is true & correct to ! be/ ( my k & belief4 ,i 0 giv5 ! opportunity to make *anges & corrections 9 ! above affidavit4 ,?is affidavit 0 giv5 by me freely & volunt>ily )\t promise ( rew>d1 & ,i 0 subject$ to no ?reat or duress ( any k9d4 ,nu]nb]g1 #bd ,octob] #aidf ,signature ,r4 ,,br&t ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#bdf ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #aif ,,lett] ,,f ,,greis] ,,to ,,himml]1 #a ,,may #aidb1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,plan ,,= ,,mass ,,ext]m9ation ,,( ,,tub]cul> ,,poles ,rei* ,gov]nor ( ! ,rei*sgau ,w>!l&4 ,poznan1 ,s*lossfreiheit #ac1 #a ,may #aidb ,telephone ,no4 #ahbc #bd ,h&writt5 note ,p #hjb_/db ,top ,secret ,p]sonal4 ,to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,he9ri* ,himml]1 ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s4 ,rei* ,lead]1 ,! special treatm5t ,sond]beh&lung ( ab\t #ajj1jjj ,jews 9 ! t]ritory ( my di/rict ,gau1 approv$ by y 9 agreem5t ) ! ,*ief ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice1 ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,heydri*1 c be complet$ )9 ! next #b-c mon?s4 ,i ask y = p]mission to rescue ! di/rict imm$iately aft] ! measures tak5 aga9/ ! ,jews1 f a m5ace :i* is increas+ week by week1 & use ! exi/+ & effici5t special comm&os = t purpose4 ,!re are ab\t #bcj1jjj p ( ,poli% nationality 9 my di/rict1 :o 7 diagnos$ to suff] f tub]culosis4 ,! numb] ( p]sons infect$ ) op5 tub]culosis is e/imat$ at ab\t #ce1jjj4 ,?is fact has l$ 9 an increas+ly fright5+ measure to ! infection ( ,g]mans :o came to ! ,w>!gau p]fectly heal?y4 ,9 p>ticul>1 reports are receiv$ ) ev]-increas+ effect ( ,g]man *ildr5 9 dang] ( infection4 ,a consid]able numb] ( well-kn[n lead+ m51 especially ( ! police1 h be5 infect$ lately & are n available = ! w> ef=t because ( ! necess>y m$ical treatm5t4 ,! ev]-increas+ risks 7 also recogniz$ & appreciat$ by ! deputy ( ! ,rei* ,lead] = ,public ,heal? ,rei*sgesundheitsfuehr]1 ,comrade ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,blome1 z well z by ! lead] ( y\r ,x-ray battalion1 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,hohlfeld]4 ,?\gh 9 ,g]many prop] x is n possible to take appropriate draconic /eps aga9/ ?is public plague1 ,i ?9k ,i c\ld take responsibility = my sugge/ion to h cases ( op5 tub]culosis ext]m9at$ among ! ,poli% race "h 9 ! ,w>!gau4 ,( c\rse only a ,pole %\ld be h&$ ov] to su* an action :o is n only suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis1 b ^: incurability is prov$ & c]tifi$ by a public heal? (fic]4 ,consid]+ ! urg5cy ( ?is project ,i ask = y\r approval 9 pr9ciple z soon z possible4 ,?is w\ld enable u to make ! prep>ations ) all necess>y precautions n[ to get ! action aga9/ ! ,poles suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis "u way1 :ile ! action aga9/ ! ,jews is 9 its clos+ /ages4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,signature ,,greis] ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,blome #ad ,,blome ,,def5se ,,exhibit #f ,,extracts ,,f ,a ,,report ,,on ,,! ,,g]man ,,tub]culosis ,,conf]5ce ,,( #ah ,,to #bj ,,m>* #aicg1 ,,at ,,wiesbad5 7,publi%$ 9 ,b]l91 ,publi%]s3 ,julius ,spr+]1 #aicg7 ,extract f ! report by ,dr4 ,erw9 ,dorn1 *ief physician ( ! ,*>lott5hoehe ,sanatorium1 *ief physician ( ! ,tub]culosis ,welf>e ,c5t] ( ! ,ob]amt ,neu5bu]g1 ,calmba* 7,wu]ttemb]g7 conc]n+ ,task & ,aims ( ! ,me?od ( ,treatm5t & its ,application 9 ,consid]ation ( ! ,await$ ,special ,laws = ! ,tub]cul> ,pati5ts 99 99 99 99 99 ,page #ggj ,9 =m] ye>s1 p>ticul>ly at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury1 e attempt at a labor treatm5t ( tub]cul> pati5ts 0 condemn$ z useless1 z only a limit$ treatm5t 0 kn[n4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 c\ntries su* z ,holl&1 ,engl&1 & ,switz]l&1 :]e treatm5t la/+ _m mon?s is possible1 labor treatm5t 0 firmly e/abli%$4 ,we all "k t sev]al mon?s are frequ5tly ne$$ 9 ord] to effect a *ange by ! cons]vative or radical treatm5t4 ,our surgical pati5ts 7pla/ics1 plugg+1 bilat]al pneumo?orax1 premicectory7 also require a long "t until ! sev]e /age ( tub]culosis has be5 alleviat$1 & until !y !mselves aga9 rea* full work+ capacity4 ,9 a simil> mann] to ^? treat$ cons]vatively1 ^! pati5ts frequ5tly rema9 contagi\s = ! re/ ( _! lives4 ,9 ! sanatorium !y are sup]flu\s1 9 e day life1 useless4 ,b !y %\ld n be reg>d$ z :olly incapacitat$ = ye>s4 ,! aim ( ! labor treatm5t = active tub]cul> p is to fill ?is gap betwe5 ! rem$ial treatm5t & full work+ capacity4 ,x %\ld be c>ri$ out 9 a "w-sanatorium or a settlem5t4 ,v>i\s conditions are necess>y to enable tub]cul> p]sons ) only a limit$ work+ capacity to d]ive satisfaction f _! "w4 ,! "r type ( "w mu/ be provid$ = !m2 ! "w p]iods mu/ be graduat$ accord+ to ! am\nt ( "w !y c h&le1 & x mu/ be suit$ to _! capabilities & to :at !y did 9 _! =m] life4 ,! place ( "w & ! tools %\ld be satisfactory4 ,at a "w-sanatorium1 9 favorable climatic surr\nd+s1 ^! requirem5ts are be/ met if ! pati5ts are assign$ to factory "w4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,page #ggb ,9 my la/ ye>'s report on ! =c$ treatm5t ( tub]culosis pati5ts1 ,i %[$ t a pati5t suff]+ f op5 tub]culosis %\ld rema9 9 a "w-sanatorium or settlem5t until ! disease no long] pres5ts a p]il to himself & to 8 fell[ m54 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,blome #a ,,blome ,,def5se ,,exhibit #h ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,osk> ,,gund]mann1 #bh ,,decemb] #aidf1 ,,/at+ ,,t ,,blome ,,oppos$ ,,! ,,plan ,,to ,,ext]m9ate ,,tub]cul> ,,poles ,,& ,,t ,,! ,,plan ,,0 ,,nev] ,,c>ri$ ,,out 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ! summ] ( #aidj on ,i 0 *ief m$ical (fic] 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,rei* ,gov]nor 9 ,poznan4 ,! frequ5cy ( tub]culosis 9 ! region ( ! ,w>!l&1 at "o "t incorporat$ into ! ,rei*1 01 accord+ to /ati/ics record$ be=e #aici--;at ! "t ( ! ,poli% ,heal? ,adm9i/ration--consid]ably high] ?an 9 ! ,g]man ,rei*4 ,:5 ! adm9i/ration 0 tak5 ov]1 no mod]n welf>e s]vice = tub]culosis = ! :ole region exi/$4 ,among o!r ?+s1 !re 7 insuffici5t b$s to effect a successful treatm5t & ! isolation ( tub]culosis pati5ts4 ,! e/imates made f ! /ati/ical mat]ial ( infecti\s tub]culosis cases am\nt$ to a r\nd figure ( #bj1jjj to #be1jjj p ( ! ,poli% population4 ,to *eck ?is tub]culosis epidemic1 ! au?orities imm$iately began build+ #dj heal? (fices ) mod]n welf>e c5t]s1 z well z sanatoria & isolation homes ) approximately #b1ejj b$s = ,g]mans & ,poles 7! latt] "u ,poli% m$ical direction ) ,poli% doctors & ,poli% nurs+ /aff71 & ^! 7 spe$ily f9i%$4 ,^! measures by ! (fice ( ! ,rei* ,gov]nor 7 support$ by ! sup]ior ,rei* au?ority 7,heal? ,section ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior74 ,s9ce ! above in/itutions 7 able to *eck ! spread+ ( ! tub]culosis epidemic to a c]ta9 degree1 b p>ticul>ly ow+ to ! increas+ difficulties aris+ f ! w>1 !y 7 n able to get ! urg5tly ne$$ sanit>y measures runn+ effectively1 all ! m$ical (fic]s ( ! ,w>!l& untir+ly cont9u$ to w>n _! sup]iors & heads ( dep>tm5ts urg5tly ( ! dang]4 ,! :ole affair took an unexpect$ turn 9 ! autumn ( #aidb1 because ! ,gauleit] & ,rei* ,gov]nor ,greis] suppos$ly said t 9 case ( necessity he w\ld /op at no?+ to *eck ! tub]culosis epidemic effectively 9 ! ,w>!l& 9 ! int]e/ ( ! entire population4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ?\ght x my duty to talk p]sonally to ! head ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior & ! ,rei* ,heal? ,lead]1 ,dr4 ,conti1 9 ,b]l91 ab\t ?is matt] & ! entire tub]culosis problem4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z ,i 0 unable to get a cle> answ] f ,dr4 ,conti & c\ld n be satisfi$ ) su* in=mation z ,i receiv$1 ,i imm$iately call$ on ! ,deputy ,rei* ,heal? ,lead]1 ,dr4 ,blome4 ,i knew t he dealt ) special que/ions conc]n+ tub]culosis 9 ! ,rei* ,heal? ,lead]'s (fice4 ,f ! beg9n+ ,blome %[$ a cle>ly negative attitude t[>d any possible solution contr>y to humanity or m$ical e?ics4 ,he %[$ me ! draft ( a lett] address$ to ,greis]2 ,i ask$ him to make a few additions & alt]ations4 ,we discuss$ ! =mulation ( ! lett] 9 detail f ! po9t ( view ( conv9c+ ,greis] t an int5sive cont9uation ( ! heal? & welf>e measures s f> tak51 & a fur!r ext5sion ( ! heal? program set up = ! fight aga9/ tub]culosis c\ld effectively av]t ! acute dang]s4 ,! sugge/ion = a l>ge tub]culosis settlem5t 0 p>ticul>ly discuss$4 ,?is plan 0 bas$ on small] examples1 & its f9al aim 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( a widely spread1 b nev]!less clos$ settlem5t = tub]culosis pati5ts & _! families4 ,9 ?is settlem5t1 all mod]n exam9ation1 treatm5t1 isolation1 & welf>e facilities %\ld be provid$ = ! pati5ts & memb]s ( _! families :o might be 9 dang]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,blome & ,i hav+ agre$ on ! tactics to be tak5 t[>d ,greis] & on ! cont5ts ( ! said lett]1 ,dr4 ,blome began1 9 my pres5ce1 to dictate ! draft ( a new lett]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i conclud$ t ! lett] f ,dr4 ,blome to ,gauleit] ,greis] 0 successful1 ma9ly f ! developm5t 9 ! fight aga9/ tub]culosis 9 ! ,w>!l&4 ,! regulation ab\t tub]culosis relief hav+ become effective = ! :ole ,rei* t]ritory on #a ,april #aidc1 a simil> regulation = protection aga9/ tub]culosis c\ld be decre$ 9 ! ,w>!l& 9 favor ( ! ,poli% population4 ,a c5tral (fice = ! fight aga9/ tub]culosis 0 e/abli%$ "u ! managem5t ( a speciali/4 ,?is (fice gave ! same treatm5t to ,g]man & to ,poli% cases4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dur+ my p]iod 9 (fice z *ief m$ical (fic] 9 ,poznan1 until ,janu>y #aide1 no tub]culosis pati5ts 7 8liquidat$0 9 ! ,w>!l& z f> z ,i "k4 ,i nev] receiv$ an ord] = su* a measure1 mu* less br\ght "o ab\t ei!r directly or indirectly4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! (fice always tri$ to give all tub]culosis pati5ts prop] treatm5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,blome#ia ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,n[1 ,witness1 ,i come to a diff]5t problem4 ,x is ! sugge/ion made at t "t t ,poles suff]+ f incurable contagi\s tub]culosis %\ld be liquidat$4 ,y 7 int]rogat$ 9 ,janu>y #aidf at ,ob]ursel conc]n+ y\r p>ticipation 9 ! plan = ! ext]m9ation ( tub]cul> ,poles1 & also on #i & #bb ,octob] #aidf "h 9 ! prison4 ,7 ! /atem5ts y made at t "t true8 ,,def5dant ,,blome3 ,yes4 ,b ,i mu/ add t conc]n+ ?is matt] ( ! tub]cul> ,poles1 z f> z ,i recall1 ,i said x 0 9 #aidc1 :ile 9 reality1 z ! files n[ %[1 x took place 9 #aidb4 ,i mu/ also say t my lett] to ,greis] 9 ,novemb] #aidb has be5 %[n to me "h4 ,i 0 ask$ :e!r ?is 0 my lett]1 :e!r ,i _h writt5 ?is lett]4 ,i said 8,no40 ,i said t because x 0 n a photo/atic copy ( ! orig9al1 b a photo/atic copy ( a copy4 ,i object$ to sev]al ?+s 9 ! lett] & did n ackn[l$ge x at t "t4 ,!y 7 ext]nal matt]s :i* occasion$ me to make t /atem5t4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 9 ,decemb]1 :5 y took ov] my case1 y gave me ?is photo/atic copy1 & ,i _h an opportunity to /udy x c>efully & recon/ruct ! conditions :i* exi/$ at ! "t &1 !re=e1 ,i n[ ackn[l$ge ?is lett] z au!ntic4 ,q4 ,x is true1 ,dr4 ,blome1 t ! prosecution le>n$ = ! fir/ "t ( ?is plan to ext]m9ate ! ,poles ?r\gh y8 ,dr4 ,blome1 :at c y say ab\t t8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! prosecution le>n$ f me = ! fir/ "t ( ?is plan4 ,9 #aidb ,i told my int]rogator ,capta9 ,urba* at ,ob]ursel ab\t x1 aft] he _h describ$ ! details ( ! atrocities :i* ,i _h n kn[n up to t "t4 ,q4 ,y j said #aidb4 ,a4 ,i meant #aide4 ,i meant ,decemb] #aide4 ,i beg y\r p>don4 ,i d n believe t ! prosecution _h any k ( ?is1 at lea/ n at ,ob]ursel4 ,q4 ,dr4 ,blome1 ?is :ole matt] beg9s ) a lett] f ! ,rei* ,gov]nor ,greis] dat$ #a ,may #aidb4 7,,no-#bdf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aif47 ,tell u briefly :o ,greis] 04 ,a4 ,?is 0 ,ar?ur ,greis]1 ,gauleit] ( ! ,w>!gau1 ! ,rei* ,gov]nor ( ! ,w>!l&1 & ! ,rei* ,def5se ,commission] ( ! ,w>!l&4 ,q4 ,?is ,gauleit] ,greis]1 :o 0 a ,gauleit] 9 a di/rict :i* n[ belongs to ,pol&1 s5t a lett] on ,may #a/ to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss sugge/+ t ,poles suff]+ f tub]culosis 9 ! ,w>!l& %\ld be liquidat$ if ! exi/5ce ( op5 tub]culosis & ! incurability ( ! pati5ts 7 e/abli%$ by (ficial doctors4 ,9 ?is connection ,greis] writes & 7?is is :at ,i want to ask y ab\t7 ,i quote1 8,! increas+ dang]s 7 also recogniz$ & appreciat$ by ,deputy ,rei* ,lead] ( ,public ,heal?1 ,dr4 ,blome1 z well z by ! ,lead] ( y\r ,x-ray unit1 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr]1 ,dr4 ,hohlfeld]40 ,t is ! quotation4 ,:at c y tell u today ab\t ^! app>5tly e>ly discussions betwe5 y & ,gauleit] ,greis]8 ,a4 ,i talk$ to ,gauleit] ,greis] ab\t ?ree times1 conc]n+ ! combat+ ( tub]culosis 9 ,w>!l&1 c]ta9ly once 9 ! pres5ce ( ,pr(essor ,hohlfeld]4 ,^! discussions g back to ! ye> #aida4 ,i c recall ,greis] once say+ t ! simple/ ?+ w\ld be to treat ! incurable tub]cul> ,poles exactly l ! insane by means ( eu?anasia4 ,i po9t$ out t ! comp>ison 0 n valid4 ,! ,poles1 ,i also said1 7 n ,g]man citiz5s4 ,! plan :i* ,greis] 0 consid]+ 0 a radical solution b ,i c\ld n agree to x4 ,:5 sometime lat] ,i le>n$ ( ! s-call$ ,fuehr] ord]1 accord+ to :i* ! eu?anasia action 0 /opp$ & prohibit$1 ,i consid]$ ?is matt] & ,greis]'s /atem5t z settl$4 ,!n ! ye> #aidb 0 fill$ ) purely organizational prep>ation = ! tub]culosis action4 ,= example1 all ! population _h to be regi/]$ 9 c>d index files1 ,g]mans z well z ,poles2 prep>ations _h to be made = a s]ies ( ,x-ray exam9ations4 ,!n ^! exam9ations _h to be evaluat$1 & s on4 ,! latt] 0 a matt] = ! /ate heal? (fices1 t is ! ,national ,sociali/ welf>e organization1 & ! ,x-ray unit :i* 0 to c>ry out ! te*nical side ( ^! exam9ations4 ,f "t to "t ,i _h a report f ,pr(essor ,hohlfeld] ab\t ! prep>ations4 ,only :5 all pr]equisites 7 fulfill$1 did ,i give my approval = su* l>ge scale action4 ,! execution ( ?is action 0 dep5d5t ^u my p]sonal approval4 ,i only took action 9 ?is tub]culosis "q 9 ! ,w>!gau :5 ,i receiv$ al>m+ reports ab\t an alleg$ liquidation ord] f ,himml]4 ,i le>n$ ( x because at ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb] ,/urmbannfuehr] ,p]wits*ky came to my (fice 9 ,b]l9 & report$ to me t ,greis] _h an ord] f ,himml] to ! effect t incurably sick cases ( tub]culosis f\nd dur+ ! plann$ exam9ations 9 ! ,w>!l& 7 to be liquidat$4 ,p]wits*ky belong$ to ! ,x-ray unit & 0 bus9ess manag] = ! society combat+ tub]culosis4 ,!n ,i imm$iately rea*$ an agreem5t ) ,p]wits*ky t ,i w\ld meet ,pr(essor ,hohlfeld] at ,poznan to discuss ! matt] & to prev5t ,himml]'s & ,greis]'s plans f be+ c>ri$ out4 ,i w5t to ,poznan & discuss$ ! matt] ) ,hohlfeld]4 ,we 7 bo? greatly a/oni%$ at ?is ord] f ,himml]4 ,we agre$ t ?is ord] mu/ n be c>ri$ out1 & t we z ,g]man doctors c\ld n l5d our aid to su* an action4 ,we discuss$ ! mann] 9 :i* ?is ,himml]-,greis] plan c\ld be prev5t$4 ,we decid$ t ,i %\ld g to ,greis] fir/ ( all4 ,i telephon$ ,greis] f ?is conf]5ce & said t x 0 v important t ,i %\ld speak to him4 ,!n ,i talk$ to him on ! same day1 or on ! next day4 ,:5 ,i ask$ ,greis] :e!r ,himml]'s ord]s = liquidat+ 7 correct1 he said 8,yes40 ,he said he _h ! ord] 9 8 h&s4 ,i said t ,i 0 will+ to prev5t ?is plan 9 any case & expla9$ :y4 ,i said t 9 ! fir/ place z a doctor ,i c\ld n p>ticipate 9 ?is &1 9 ! second place1 ,i po9t$ out ! political dang] connect$ ) su* a crime4 ,!n ,greis] agre$ t ,i %\ld write a lett] = him :i* he w\ld pass on to ,himml] = a decision4 ,z = ,greis]'s lett] to ,himml] ( ,may #aidb 7,,no-#bdf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aif7 :i* y j m5tion$1 ,dr4 ,saut]1 ,i le>n$ ( x = ! fir/ "t f files "h1 & ,himml]'s op9ion conc]n+ my lett] ( ,novemb] #aidb ,i le>n$ ( "h = ! fir/ "t too4 ,up to t "t ,i did n "k ab\t ,himml]'s lett] to ,greis]4 ,9 ! lett] ( ,may #aidb1 f ,greis] to ,himml]1 ,greis] writes1 ,i quote1 8t ,hohlfeld] & ,blome recogniz$ ! ev]-increas+ risks & appreciat$ !m40 ,b he does n say t ,hohlfeld] & ,i approv$ liquidation4 ,! lett] does n say t4 ,my basic op9ion on ! problem is ! foll[+3 ,let u suppose t we 9 ,g]many _h a valid law = ! liquidation ( incurably sick p]sons4 ,assum+ t su* a law did exi/1 x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be out ( ! "q to apply x to non-,g]mans4 ,application 9 ?is case w\ld be a crime1 especially dur+ w>4 ,g]many _h occupi$ =eign t]ritory &1 z an occupy+ p[]1 _h to obs]ve int]national law 9 ! treatm5t giv5 to ! occupi$ t]ritories4 ,z = ! problem ( tub]culosis1 ,i _h dealt ) x = "s "t1 especially s9ce #aice :5 ,i _h incorporat$ ! tub]culosis "q into ! po/-graduate m$ical tra9+4 ,9 #aicg ,pr(essor ,jank]1 ,bonn1 a well-kn[n ,x-ray speciali/1 call$ ^u me = aid 9 develop+ a new proc$ure :i*1 ) a m9imum ( co/1 w\ld make x possible to exam9e l>ge gr\ps ( ! population4 ,?is 0 ! s-call$ ,x-ray scre5 photography :i* 0 develop$4 ,i %all give y a brief explanation ( ?is4 ,previ\sly = an ,x-ray picture ( ! lungs1 a film _h be5 ne$$ ( #bd by #cj c5timet]s4 ,?is new proc$ure requir$ a film ( ab\t only #d by #d c5timet]s4 ,t is1 ! s-call$ ,leica size4 ,! pictures 7 tak5 ) a ,leica4 ,! ,x-ray scre5 0 photograph$4 ,! successful developm5t ( ?is proc$ure meant t = an ,x-ray photograph1 9 place ( ! price ( f twelve to ?irte5 m>ks1 :i* ! social insurance _h paid1 x n[ c\ld be produc$ = ab\t t5 pf5nigs3 t is1 less ?an "o p]c5t4 ,! fur!r value ( ! developm5t ( ?is process 0 t "o w\ld no long] ne$ sev]al m9utes = an ,x-ray photograph1 b ?is proc$ure 0 develop$ to su* an ext5t t we c\ld take two hundr$ to ?ree hundr$ pictures p] m9ute4 ,i develop$ ?is scre5 picture process toge!r ) ,jank] until we rea*$ ! results :i* ,i h j describ$4 ,at ! ,x-ray ,congress 9 ,may #aich 9 ,muni* ,i made ?is process public & ,i /at$ t ) its aid "o c\ld beg9 a l>ge-scale fight aga9/ tub]culosis4 ,only a few p believ$ my words at ! "t1 & "s smil$ pity+ly4 ,aft] ?is congress1 ,pr(essor ,hohlfeld]1 :o 0 lat] comm&] ( ! ,x-ray unit1 came to me1 & work+ ) ,x-ray sci5ce1 ! optical indu/ry1 ! film indu/ry1 ,x-ray indu/ry1 scre5 indu/ry1 etc41 we develop$ ! process dur+ ! c\rse ( t same ye> to su* an ext5t t 9 a %ort "t we 7 able to ,x-ray practically e inhabitant 9 ! :ole prov9ce ( ,meckl5burg4 ,! proc$ure 0 !n gradually develop$ until we c\ld easily h ,x-ray$ t5 million or m 9 ,g]many p] ye>4 ,!n1 dur+ ! w>1 at my in/igation1 9 #aici & #aidj1 we ,x-ray$ ! population ( ! :ole prov9ce ( ,we/phalia2 !n 9 #aida1 ! :ole prov9ce ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 includ+ ,hoh5zoll]n4 ,n[ !re 0 ! plan to ,x-ray ! p ( ,w>!l&4 ,gauleit] ,greis] _h approa*$ me1 because approval _h to be obta9$ f me1 & ,i gave su* approval only if all pr]equisites 7 giv51 s t ! cases :i* 7 discov]$ c\ld be giv5 "s m$ical & cl9ical att5tion4 ,x _h be5 our exp]i5ce 9 ^! exam9ations t "o p]c5t new tub]culosis cases 7 discov]$ :i* _h hi!rto be5 completely undetect$4 ,= ! ,w>!gau alone1 ) a ,poli% population ( f\r & "o-half millions1 t w\ld h meant =ty-five ?\s& new cases ( tub]culosis1 n c\nt+ ! t5 ?\s& f among ! "o million ,g]man population4 ,i _h )held my approval = su* actions because at t "t1 ) ! developm5t ( ?is inv5tion1 a plan ( irresponsible ,x-ray+ 0 be+ c>ri$ out by v>i\s ,gauleit]s & by l>ge indu/ries4 ,ev]yone want$ to take up ! battle aga9/ tub]culosis b t w\ld h be5 a disa/] unless !re _h be5 "s *eck4 ,:5 :ole gr\ps ( population 7 ,x-ray$1 !re _h to be ! necess>y prep>ation ( m$ical supplies f ! beg9n+1 o!rwise !re w\ld h be5 a cata/rophe4 ,?r\gh ?is action & ?r\gh ^! _m new cases ( tub]culosis :i* 7 discov]$1 ,i consci\sly put ! /ate 9 a difficult situation4 ,i =c$ ! /ate to issue a new law = ! fight aga9/ tub]culosis4 ,?is law :i* 0 issu$ 0 ! ,tub]culosis ,aid ,law4 ,?is law =m$ ! basis = ! lung exam9ation ( ! population ( ! ,w>!l& :i* 0 actually c>ri$ out 9 #aidc-aidd4 ,?is law1 x c be prov$1 0 n only ( b5efit to ! ,g]man population 9 ! ,w>!gau1 b also to ! ,poli% population1 z is cle>ly se5 f ! affidavit ( ,regi]ungsdirektor ,dr4 ,gund]mann4 7,blome #a1 ,blome ,ex4 #h47 ,dr4 ,gund]mann 0 ! *ief m$ical (fic] ( ! ,w>!l&2 t is1 he _h ! ma9 responsibility = ! fight aga9/ tub]culosis 9 ?is ,gau4 ,q4 ,dr4 ,blome1 be=e we g into ! lett] ( #ah ,novemb] #aidb1 ,i %\ld l to return to ! spr+ ( #aidb4 7,,no-#bej1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjc47 ,we j he>d ( a lett] f ,gauleit] ,greis] dat$ ,may #aidb1 9 :i* he sugge/s t ,poles suff]+ f tub]culosis %\ld be liquidat$4 ,he writes 8t ! ev]-increas+ risks 7 also recogniz$ & appreciat$ by ! ,deputy ( ! ,rei* ,lead] = ,public ,heal?1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,blome40 ,y said t ,greis] does n m5tion t y approv$ ! plan = ! liquidation ( ! ,poles4 ,i w\ld be int]e/$ to "k :at y\r attitude 0 at t "t1 9 ! spr+ ( #aidb1 t[>ds ?is plan4 ,did y approve ( ! plan to liquidate tub]cul> ,poles8 ,did y reject x8 ,:at did y say ab\t x8 ,a4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aidb ,i express$ no op9ion at all 9 respect to ?is plan4 ,! discussions ) ,greis]1 z ,i said1 7 9 ! ye> #aida1 at ! "t :5 ! eu?anasia action 0 /ill 9 op]ation4 ,9 #aidb ,i did n talk to ,greis] ab\t su* a plan at all4 ,i did n "k t ,greis] int5d$ to write ?is lett] 9 ,may #aidb to ,himml]1 or t he did actually write x4 ,i he>d ab\t x only "h & aft] ,greis] _h made 8 /atem5ts 9 connection ) ! eu?anasia action4 ,b ! eu?anasia action _h be5 /opp$ by ,hitl]'s ord]1 & ( c\rse ,i assum$ t su* ideas on ! "p ( ,greis] 7 settl$ too4 ,i did n approve ( 8 ideas1 z ,i said be=e4 ,q4 ,!n1 if ,i und]/& y correctly1 y did n deal ) ?is matt] 9 ! fall ( #aidb :5 ?is ,p]wits*ky br\ght y al>m+ news8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is "r4 ,q4 ,c y tell u :y ,gauleit] ,greis] discuss$ ?is tub]culosis problem ) y p>ticul>ly8 ,a4 ,! reason 01 z ,i h already said1 t ! execution ( su* an action dep5d$ on my approval4 ,if ,i _h said ! ,w>!gau 0 n to be ,x-ray$1 !n x w\ld n h be5 ,x-ray$1 no matt] :at ! ,gauleit] did4 ,q4 ,dr4 ,blome1 ,gauleit] ,greis] 0 n ?9k+ app>5tly ( ,x-ray+ b ( liquidat+4 ,! lett] ( #a ,may #aidb1 :]e he makes ! sugge/ion1 speaks only ( liquidation4 ,x says no?+ ab\t ,x-ray+4 ,i w\ld l to f9d out h[ y became involv$ 9 ?is matt]1 & :5 y he>d ( ,greis]'s plan = ! fir/ "t1 ! plan to elim9ate ! tub]cul> ,poles8 ,a4 ,( c\rse ,gauleit] ,greis] 0 ?9k+ ( ,x-ray+2 t is ess5tial = detect+ incurable cases ( tub]culosis4 ,q4 ,!n1 ,witness1 on ! #ah? ( ,novemb] y wrote a lett]4 7,,no-#bej1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjc47 ,?is is ! lett] :i* ! prosecution has describ$ z a 8ma/]piece ( murd]\s int5tion40 ,did y discuss ?is lett] be=eh& ) ! ,rei* ,physician ,lead]1 ,dr4 ,conti8 ,a4 ,no4 ,aft] ,i _h talk$ to ,greis] ,i saw ,conti = a %ort "t 9 ,b]l91 or ,i w5t to see ,conti to report to him ab\t ! plan & ab\t my talk ) ,greis]4 ,dr4 ,conti said1 8,:at d y want8 ,t's an ord] f ! ,rei* ,lead]1 t is1 ,himml]60 ,!n ,i told ,conti :at ,i _h agre$ ^u ) ,greis]1 & t ,i w\ld write a lett] to t effect to be s5t on to ,himml]4 ,?is he agre$ to & also to my writ+ ?is lett]4 ,b ,i did n discuss ! cont5ts ) ,dr4 ,conti4 ,i did n see any po9t 9 do+ s4 ,?is /atem5t ( ,conti's %[$ t he knew ab\t ?is plan ( liquidation4 ,q4 ,witness1 ?is lett] :i* y wrote to ,gauleit] ,greis]1 9 :i* y oppos$ liquidation ( ! ,poles1 did y write x by y\rself or did y discuss ! draft ( ?is lett] ) anyone8 ,a4 ,fir/ ( all ,i wrote ! lett] by myself4 ,aft] ,i _h return$ to ,b]l9 f ,poznan ,i _h to g to ,muni*4 ,:5 ,i came back f ,muni* ,i wrote ?is lett]4 ,i made v>i\s r\gh drafts4 ,x 0 n easy4 ,i _h discuss$ ! g5]al tactics ) ,hohlfeld] accord+ to :i* we w\ld />t "r at ! beg9n+ ( ! lett] by appe>+ to agree to ! ideas1 b !n 9 ! second "p ( ! lett] we w\ld li/ all ! political factors :i* might induce ,himml] & ! o!rs to give up su* an action4 ,x 0 n easy to write su* a lett]4 ,i worri$ ab\t ?is lett] a great deal until ,i ?\ght ,i f9ally _h a "r draft4 ,9 my prelim9>y int]rogation an int]rogator ask$ me some?+ to ?is effect3 8,:y did y n simply give up y\r (fice & resign :5 y he>d ab\t ?is plan80 ,my answ] is z foll[s3 ,x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h be5 ! simple/ ?+ = me to take advantage ( ?is opportunity to give up my position4 ,!n ,i w\ld h _h no?+ m to d ) ! :ole matt]2 at lea/ #dj1jjj ,poles w\ld h be5 murd]$1 & ,i w\ld n be "u indictm5t today on ?is *>ge4 ,please excuse me = say+ ?is1 b ,i mu/ say x1 :5 su* a *>ge is made aga9/ me4 ,i w try to speak z dispassionately z possible4 ,dr4 ,saut] _h j said t ! prosecution consid]s my lett] a 8ma/]piece ( murd]\s int5tion04 ,i n[ /ate ! foll[+3 ,ap>t f ?is que/ionable affidavit ( ,rudolf ,br&t1 ! prosecution has n produc$ a s+le docum5t to prove ! murd] ( tub]cul> ,poles by me4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! prosecution has submitt$ ,himml]'s reply dat$ ! end ( ,novemb] #aidb1 accord+ to :i* ,himml]1 9 answ] to my lett]1 prohibit$ ! liquidation ( ! tub]cul> ,poles1 & ?is lett] expressly says t my sugge/ion 0 to be c>ri$ out & t ?is matt] 0 to be us$ z propag&a4 ,9 spite ( t1 ! prosecution makes su* *>ges z ^! aga9/ me4 ,i am accus$ ( be+ a murd]] #aj1jjj times = a crime :i* ,i did n commit b :i* ,i prev5t$1 z ,i c prove4 ,i %\ld l to say some?+ else4 ,! press1 ( c\rse1 has tak5 up ?is *>ge4 ,i _c hold t aga9/ ! press4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is news1 h[ev]1 0 t my family1 my wife & my little *ildr51 are subject$ to unpleasantness & ev5 ?reats4 ,?r\gh ?is ass]tion ( ! prosecution1 ! "n ( ,blome has be5 defam$ 9 a way :i* x does n des]ve1 especially if x c be prov$ t ,i prev5t$ ! crime ) :i* ,i am *>g$4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,if x please y\r ,honor1 ,i object to any fur!r comm5t ( ?is type f ! witness4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,objection ov]rul$4 ,witness may cont9ue4 ,,def5dant ,,blome3 ,i beg y\r p>don if ,i got r excit$4 ,i %\ld l to conclude my /atem5t by say+ t ,i hope t ?is case w be soon cle>$ up1 & t !n ! press w be *ivalr\s en\gh to /ate t ,i n only did n commit ?is crime1 b t ,i actually prev5t$ x4 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i %\ld l to discuss ) ! witness ! lett] ( #ah ,novemb] #aidb 9 :i* ! def5dant prev5t$ ! murd] ( ! ,poles4 ,x w take "s "t4 ,i believe ?is w\ld be a good "t to take a recess4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,witness1 dur+ ! morn+ session y expla9$ to u among o!r ?+s ! new me?od ( ,x-ray photography1 ! s-call$ scre5 photography2 y /at$ t us+ ?is new me?od "o c\ld take #bjj to #cjj photographs p] m9ute4 ,7 y n wrong1 didn't y mean p]haps p] h\r & n p] m9ute8 ,,def5dant ,,blome3 ,yes1 p] h\r4 ,q4 ,i j want$ to correct t s t x does n appe> errone\sly 9 ! record4 ,we %all cont9ue1 ,witness1 ) ! lett] :i* we h repeat$ly discuss$1 ! lett] ( #ah ,novemb] #aidb1 reg>d+ ! ext]m9ation ( ,poles4 7,,no-#bej1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bjc47 ,x is a lett] 9 :i* y def9e y\r attitude t[>ds ! proposal made by ,greis]1 namely to liquidate ! tub]cul> ,poles4 ,d y "k ! cont5ts ( ?is lett]8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,9 ?is lett] y made c]ta9 proposals4 ,may ,i ask y to tell u :at sugge/ions y actually made 9 t lett]8 ,d y ne$ ! lett] = t purpose8 ,a4 ,?ank y1 ,i h x4 ,! mo/ suitable sugge/ion ,i consid]$ to be my sugge/ion to create an area 9 :i* "o c\ld put ! tub]cul> ,poles1 & ,i recall$ ! lep] colonies well kn[n ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,i mu/ emphasize t !re is a consid]able diff]5ce betwe5 tub]culosis & leprosy4 ,z ,i made ! la/ draft ( my lett]1 ! lead+ m$ical (fic] ( ,w>!gau 0 sudd5ly ann\nc$4 ,x 0 ,dr4 ,gund]mann1 ! highe/ /ate m$ical (fic] ( ,w>!gau4 ,he report$ t he _h j come f ,dr4 ,conti1 & t he _h he>d rumors f ,w>!gau t tub]cul> ,poles 7 to be liquidat$4 ,dr4 ,conti _h ma9ta9$ a v evasive attitude t[>d him1 s he _h left ,dr4 ,conti )\t hav+ a*iev$ any results & !reupon he _h decid$ to come to me4 ,i told him t he _h come at ! mo/ suitable mom5t1 & ,i expla9$ to him ! position z x _h develop$ 9 ! meantime4 ,i told him ( my conv]sation ) ,hohlfeld] & ) ,greis]1 & ( ! lett] :i* _h be5 decid$ ^u4 ,he 0 v pleas$ ab\t x & 0 also pleas$ t ,i %>$ 8 attitude ( rejection4 ,i %[$ him my draft lett] & he made a few sugge/ions4 ,! numb] ( geographical details 9 ! lett] actually orig9at$ f ,gund]mann4 ,9 p>ticul>1 he emphasiz$ ! importance ( a special settlem5t = tub]cul> ,poles & recogniz$ ?is z ! mo/ suitable solution4 ,i _h already he>d ( su* sugge/ions1 especially ^? aris+ f ! tub]culosis meet+ 9 #aicg4 ,dur+ t meet+ two well-kn[n ,g]man tub]culosis exp]ts1 ,dr4 ,dorn & ,dr4 ,he91 _h lectur$ on tub]culosis settlem5ts4 ,v useful exp]i5ce _h be5 obta9$ f su* tub]culosis settlem5ts1 n only 9 ,g]many b also 9 ,engl&4 ,:5 mak+ my sugge/ion to ,himml] ,i expla9$ 9 detail h[ su* a sugge/ion c\ld be realiz$4 ,9 my lett] ,i expla9$ ! tactics t 7 to be us$1 tak+ into consid]ation ! m5tality ( p l ,greis] & ,himml]1 & made x appe> z ?\gh ,i want$ to agree ) _! liquidation program4 ,aft]w>ds ,i cit$ all ! political misgiv+s ,i _h1 nam+ individual examples4 ,!n ,i said t 9 "o exp]im5t ! p :o 7 s]i\sly ill & ^? :o 7 contagi\s w\ld be segregat$1 & t ,poli% physicians & ,poli% nurs+ p]sonnel w\ld be atta*$ to ^! s]i\sly ill pati5ts 9 ord] to avoid ! appe>ance ( a dea? camp4 ,e physician kn[s1 & x is also kn[n 9 lay circles1 t if "o isolates s]i\sly ill p1 su* an isolation soon comes to be consid]$ z an isolation = dea?4 ,t is :y ,i said t ! necess>y ,poli% physicians & nurs+ p]sonnel mu/ be atta*$ to ^! camps4 ,my be/ sugge/ion ,i consid]$ to be ! creation ( a colony = all tub]cul> ,poles4 ,9 p>ticul> ,i wi%$ to po9t out ! foll[+ 9 my lett]1 ,i said1 & ,i quote3 8,i c\ld imag9e t z ! ,fuehr] /opp$ ! program 9 ! insane asylums sometime ago1 he might at ?is mom5t consid] 'special treatm5t' ( ! incurably sick z unsuitable1 & unwise f a political po9t ( view40 ,i m5tion$ t because ,greis]'s sugge/ion 9 ! ye> #aida po9t$ to a comp>ison ) ! eu?anasia action4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to be q sure t ^! political misgiv+s also rea*$ ,hitl] & t ! decision did n re/ ma9ly 9 ,himml]'s h&s1 ,i s5t a copy ( my lett] direct to ,m>t9 ,bormann4#ib ,i fur!rmore want to po9t out ! foll[+ matt]4 ,i said3 8,i consid] any secrecy completely impossible40 ,9 ?is connection1 ,i %\ld l to ref] to a lett] conc]n+ a diff]5t action1 namely ! lett] f ! ,deputy ,gauleit] ( ! ,l[] ,danube1 dat$ #aidb1 :i* sugge/s exp]im5ts on ! /]ilization ( national gr\ps su* z gypsies4 ,9 ?is lett]1 contr>y to my lett]1 completely diff]5t tactics are us$4 ,! ,deputy ,gauleit] ( ! ,l[] ,danube /at$ t "o mu/ keep su* an action v secret1 because o!rwise x w\ld h s]i\s consequ5ces f ! po9t ( view ( ! /ate4 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,is x ! int5tion ( ! def5dant to put ! lett] he is ref]r+ to 9 z evid5ce1 or is he m]ely quot+ f 8 own lett]8 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,c c\nsel = ! def5dant ,blome advise ! ,tribunal on t po9t8 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,?is is a lett] :i* has already be5 us$ by ! prosecution & ?us came to ! k ( ! def5dant4 ,!re=e he c quote x4 ,x is c]ta9ly n necess>y to submit ?is lett] once m4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,w\ld c\nsel please id5tify ! lett]1 ! exhibit numb]1 & :]e x may be f\nd8 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,"o mom5t1 please4 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ?is lett] 0 submitt$ by ! prosecution conc]n+ /]ilization exp]im5ts4 ,x 0 submitt$ z ,docum5t ,,no-#jci--;,i repeat ,,no-#jci--,prosecution ,exhibit #aec4 ,x is a lett] f ! ,deputy ,gauleit] ( ! ,l[] ,danube di/rict address$ to ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml] dat$ #bd ,augu/ #aidb4 ,?is lett] 0 already submitt$ by ! prosecution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,doctor1 w y please f9i% y\r answ]8 ,,def5dant ,,blome3 ,9 ?is lett] ! ,deputy ,gauleit] ( ! ,l[] ,danube di/rict writes to ,himml]1 & ,i quote3 8,we are q cle> ab\t ! fact t su* exam9ation mu/ be consid]$ z an absolute /ate secret40 ,t is exactly contr>y to ! tactics :i* ,i us$4 ,i say 8,i ?9k t any secrecy is q impossible10 & ,i give detail$ reasons = ?is4 ,i w m]ely give y a %ort exc]pt f my lett]4 ,i po9t out h[ _m ,poli% work]s !re are 9 ! ,g]man ,rei*1 & t !re w\ld be que/ions f _! relatives ab\t _! :]eab\ts4 ,!n ,i indicate ! numb] ( ,g]mans :o are relat$ to ^! ,poles4 ,i also m5tion t1 9 ! case ( ! ,poles1 we are conc]n$ ) memb]s ( a conqu]$ nation4 ,i fur!r po9t out t c]ta9 circles w\ld spread rumors among ! population to ! effect t simil> me?ods w\ld be us$ 9 ! case ( ,g]man tub]cul> pati5ts 9 ! future4 ,i fur!r %[ t 9 connection ) ! appo9tm5t ( ,pr(essor ,br&t z ,commission] ,g5]al1 =eign broadca/s spread reports t ,br&t 0 no long] conc]n$ ) ! rehabilitation ( s]i\sly w\nd$ p1 b only ) ^? p :o _h be5 slightly w\nd$4 ,i ref] to ! reaction :i* w\ld result 9 ! case ( su* a crime on ! "p ( ! ,italian physicians & sci5ti/s z well z ! entire ,italian population4 ,i fur!rmore ref] to ! ,*ur*1 & ,i !n say & quote3 8,!re=e1 ,i ?9k x is necess>y to expla9 all ^! po9ts ( view to ! ,fuehr] be=e und]tak+ ! program40 ,) ref]5ce to my sugge/ion = a k9d ( res]vation1 ,i say 9 ! la/ p>agraph ( my lett]1 & ,i quote3 8,aft] a prop] exam9ation ( all ^! consid]ations & circum/ances1 ! creation ( a res]vation su* z ! lep]s colonies seems to be ! mo/ practical solution40 ,be=e t ,i _h sugge/$ t ^! tub]cul> settlem5ts %\ld be arrang$ 9 su* a mann] t relations :o 7 will+ c\ld also be settl$ !re4 ,9 ?is way 9 addition to ! necess>y nurs+ p]sonnel & ! necess>y ,poli% physicians1 ! necess>y m$ical c>e w\ld be safegu>d$4 ,q4 ,witness1 y previ\sly ref]r$ to y\r sugge/ions1 & y spoke ab\t a congress on tub]culosis que/ions 9 :i* y p>ticipat$4 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i h an exc]pt f ! record ( ?is tub]culosis congress4 ,x is a report on ! ,?ird ,int]national ,congress4 ,x is a report on ! proce$+s ( ! ,g]man ,tub]culosis ,conf]5ce dat$ #ah to #bj ,m>* #aicg1 :i* took place at ,wiesbad54 ,two spee*es are reproduc$ "h 9 exc]pt =m4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,c\nsel1 ?is docum5t is f\nd 9 supplem5tal docum5ts8 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,yes1 9 ! supplem5tal volume4 ,9 ?is report a pap] by two well-kn[n ,g]man tub]culosis exp]ts is m5tion$1 a ,dr4 ,erw9 ,dorn1 :o 0 ! *ief physician ( a sanatorium = *e/ diseases at ,*>lott5hoehe1 & a c]ta9 ,dr4 ,joa*im ,he91 :o 0 ! director ( a sanatorium = *e/ diseases 9 ,hol/e94 ,i am n go+ to read ^! pap]s 9 detail1 b ,i beg ! ,tribunal to take judicial notice ( !m4 ,i submitt$ ^! reports ( ! conf]5ce 9 ord] to %[ t ! same sugge/ions :i* ?is def5dant1 ,dr4 ,blome1 made 9 #aidb :5 writ+ to ,gauleit] ,greis]1 are also conta9$ "h 9 ! ye> #aicg1 & 7 made dur+ ! ,g]man ,tub]culosis ,conf]5ce4 ,^! proposals did n conc]n =eign tub]cul> p]sons1 b ,g]man tub]cul> p]sons4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,does c\nsel (f] ?is docum5t into evid5ce8 ,,dr4 ,,saut]3 ,x w become exhibit #f1 ,blome ,exhibit #f4 ,witness1 9 ?is lett] ( #ah ,decemb] #aidb1 ab\t :i* we are speak+ n[1 y really dealt ) ?ree proposals3 7#a7 special treatm5t = ! s]i\sly ill p]sons2 7#b7 mo/ rigor\s isolation ( ! s]i\sly ill p]sons--t is to say1 sep>ation f ! outside _w2 & 7#c7 ! creation ( a res]vation area = all tub]cul> pati5ts 9 ,pol&4 ,n[ :5 read+ y\r lett]1 "o ga9s ! impression--at lea/ "o might ga9 ! impression--t y 7 speak+ 9 favor ( y\r fir/ sugge/ion 9 ! fir/ "p ( y\r lett]1 namely1 ! 8special treatm5t0 ( ! s]i\sly ill1 :i* is to say _! liquidation z 0 sugge/$ & desir$ by ,himml] & ,greis]4 ,my "q is3 ,:y did y n simply /ate v frankly 9 y\r lett] ( #ah ,novemb] #aidb t ?is liquidation ( ! incurably ill tub]cul> ,poles1 z sugge/$ by ,greis] & ,himml]1 0 a crime2 t x c\ld "u no circum/ances be p]mitt$1 & t y1 ,dr4 ,blome1 w\ld h no?+ to d ) any su* proposal8 ,:y did y n write to ,greis] on ^? l9es at t "t8 ,,def5dant ,,blome3 ,i ?9k t ,i already def9$ my attitude t[>ds t "q v briefly ?is morn+1 & ,i /ate aga91 ,i w\ld h pref]r$ m]ely to h po9t$ out ! crim9al aspects ( ?is proposal 9 my lett]1 b ,i knew ! m5tality ( ^! m51 & x 0 q cle> to me t ! expression ( any su* po9t ( view c\ld only h _h a negative result4 ,9 do+ t ,i w\ld n h sav$ myself1 & mu* less #cj1jjj tub]cul> ,poles--!y w\ld actually h !n be5 liquidat$4 ,if ,i _h n want$ to pres5t my true po9t ( view frankly1 ,i w\ld n h _h to ?9k = days ab\t ! lett]2 x w\ld only h be5 a matt] ( five or t5 m9utes4 ,i w\ld j h _h to dictate ! lett] & mail x4 ,i _h1 h[ev]1 realiz$1 & x 0 also ! op9ion ( ,pr(essor ,hohlfeld]1 t ,i w\ld h to make x appe> z if ,i agre$ to ! plan if ,i want$ to h any success ) my c\nt]proposals4 ,i 0 conv9c$ t ! m5tion ( all ! political aspects :i* might involve dang] w\ld be ! only effective weapon4 ,! success ( my proc$ure q cle>ly speaks = ! correctness ( my tactics4 ,yes1 ,himml] really want$ to c>ry out ?is proposal ,i _h made & he want$ to exploit x z propag&a2 t is cle>ly /at$ 9 ,himml]'s lett] to ,greis]1 dat$ ! end ( ,novemb] #aidb4 ,! docum5t>y value ( my lett] c be se5 only 9 ! foll[+3 ,x %[s1 fir/ly1 t dur+ t p]iod ( brutal ?9k+1 m5 l ,himml] _h no "t = any consid]ations ( a humane nature2 secondly1 only by a cle> & def9ite /atem5t on my "p c\ld ! crime ( ! murd] ( #aj1jjj ,poles be prev5t$1 & ,i 0 only conc]n$ ) t result4 ,q4 ,witness1 ! sugge/ion :i* y made 9 y\r lett] 0 t "u ,no4 #b3 ! mo/ rigor\s isolation ( ! s]i\sly ill p]sons4 ,) ref]5ce to ?is sugge/ion1 ! prosecution consid]s t dur+ ! meet+ ( #ai ,decemb] y _h ! idea ( s5d+ ^! tub]cul> pati5ts to in/itutions & ,i quote3 8,t op9ion 0 voic$ because !n ! comp>atively quick dea? ( ^! pati5ts w\ld ensue 9 ^! in/itutions40 ,0 t really y\r int5tion1 & did y ?9k ( any su* possibility at t "t1 t is1 :5 y made ! sugge/ion8 ,a4 ,on ! contr>y ,i _c recognize ! evid5ce ( ! prosecution reg>d+ t po9t z be+ logical4 ,_h x be5 my int5tion to let ! pati5ts die1 ,i w\ld n h dem&$ t !y be giv5 ! necess>y physicians & nurs+ p]sonnel4 ,9 addition1 ,i want to ref] to my =m] te/imony on ?is po9t4 ,q4 ,! o!r sugge/ion y made at t "t & :i* is li/$ "u ,no4 #c ( y\r lett] is ! creation ( a res]vation = all tub]cul> pati5ts4 ,dur+ ! same meet+ ( #ai ,decemb] ! prosecution said ) ref]5ce to t proposal1 & ,i quote3 8,) ?is plan1 t is1 to s5d all pati5ts into a res]vation & !reby isolate !m f ! re/ ( ! population1 y1 ,dr4 ,blome1 want$ to cause ^! sick ,poles to be left to _! fate ) v few doctors & scanty nurs+ p]sonnel4 ,! aim ( liquidat+ ^! ,poles 0 to be realiz$ 9 ?is way40 ,:at d y h to say1 ,dr4 ,blome1 to ?is motive :i* ! prosecution imputes to y8 ,a4 ,?is motive is n correct4 ,! contr>y c cle>ly be se5 f my lett]4 ,9 t connection ,i may ref] to my previ\s explanation reg>d+ my lett]4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i ref] to ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,gund]mann4 7,blome #a1 ,blome ,ex4 #h47 ,my int]e/ 0 exactly ! contr>y to :at ! prosecution tries to impute to me1 = ,i 0 plann+ ! v same ?+ = ,g]many aft] ! w>4 ,if ,i _h be5 able to c>ry ?r\gh su* an action1 & _h be5 able to %[ success 9 t action1 x w\ld h be5 easi] = me lat] on to ref] to ! plans m5tion$ dur+ ! ,tub]culosis ,congress ( #aicg by po9t+ out ! success ,i _h a*iev$ 9 ! ,w>!gau4 ,ev5 today ,i realize t until we are able to br+ ab\t really effective m$ical treatm5t1 or vacc9ation aga9/ ! spread ( tub]culosis1 ! only really practicable & effective solution is ! creation ( su* settlem5t areas or res]vations4 ,q4 ,dr4 ,blome1 f y\r book1 entitl$ 8,physician 9 ,combat01 :i* has be5 submitt$ 9 evid5ce 9 its entirety z ,blome ,exhibit #a1 x c be se5 t = q a long "t y _h wag$ w> aga9/ tub]culosis4 ,c y tell u on ! basis ( y\r exp]i5ces :e!r ^! proposals :i* y made 9 y\r lett] ( #ah ,decemb] #aidb--t is1 ei!r h\s+ ! sick 9 tub]culosis in/itutions1 or plac+ ! consumptives 9 a res]vation area--:e!r ^! sugge/ions 7 completely diff]5t f ! mann] ( combat+ tub]culosis z practic$ 9 v>i\s =eign c\ntries up to t "t1 or1 if n tub]culosis1 o!r infecti\s diseases ( ! same importance z tub]culosis8 ,a4 ,naturally ! plan to set up a tub]culosis settlem5t on a l>ge scale does n repres5t any?+ absolutely new1 because1 z c be se5 f ! docum5ts submitt$ reg>d+ ! ,tub]culosis ,congress1 su* tub]culosis settlem5ts _h exi/$ 9 ,engl& & ,holl& 9 addition to ,g]many1 ) good results2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! realization ( ?is settlem5t idea w\ld make an enorm\s diff]5ce to fight aga9/ tub]culosis g5]ally4 ,! w> difficulties t exi/$ 9 #aidb & #aidc did n p]mit ?is plan to be realiz$ z sugge/$ by me = ! ,w>!gau4 ,! fight aga9/ tub]culosis cont9u$1 h[ev]1 9 ! usual way1 z f> z x 0 possible dur+ ! w>1 & z x 0 dealt ) ?r\gh\t ! ,rei* = ,g]mans z well4 ,9 o!r c\ntries1 o!r exp]im5ts 7 made4 ,= in/ance 9 ! ye> #aice c]ta9 well-kn[n p 9 ! city ( ,detroit1 9 ,am]ica1 made a l>ge-scale exp]im5t = ! combat ( tub]culosis4 ,aft] prep>ations 7 made ! entire population ( ,detroit 0 ask$1 by means ( enorm\s propag&a by press & radio1 to submit to an exam9ation = tub]culosis1 9 ord] to f9d out ! s\rce ( ! infection4 ,! city ( ,detroit _h made ! necess>y facilities available = c>ry+ out ! exam9ation & a c]ta9 success 0 obta9$4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ne>ly ! :ole ( ! color$ population ( ,detroit report$ = ^! exam9ations1 :]eas ! ,am]ican press1 on ! o!r h&1 compla9$ t ?is 0 n fully ! case ) ! :ite population4 ,?is action />t$ 9 #aicf & 0 cont9u$ 9 #aicg4 ,i c\ld n he> any?+ ab\t ! ultimate results because ! w> _h />t$4 ,all actions su* z t action 9 ,detroit1 & small settlem5ts 9 ! =m ( little villages = consumptives1 w n solve ! entire problem unless done on a l>ge scale4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! problem ( tub]culosis has n be5 tackl$ on a l>ge scale 9 ! _w today4 ,! sole reason = t is t tub]culosis _c be comp>$ ) any o!r contagi\s disease su* z diph!ria1 *ol]a1 typhoid4 ,^! epidemics h a %ort] c\rse & quickly claim _! victims4 ,if t _h be5 ! case ) tub]culosis ! fight aga9/ x w\ld h progress$ mu* f>!r ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,! tragic ?+ 9 t problem is ! mann] ( ! disease itself1 ! sl[ tricky c\rse4 ,t is :y1 9 my op9ion1 !re are n[h]e 9 ! _w laws :i* def9itely secure ! isolation ( infecti\s tub]cul> subjects1 al?\gh su* plans are be+ consid]$ at all congresses deal+ ) tub]culosis all ov] ! _w4 ,z f> z ,i "k nobody has made a decisive /ep1 & ,i ?9k ! sole reason lies 9 ! sl[ tricky c\rse ( tub]culosis1 9 spite ( ! fact t tub]culosis is reg>d$ z hav+ ! second highe/ mortality ( all diseases4 ,q4 ,9 addition to t lett] ( #ah ,decemb] #aidb ab\t :i* we are speak+ n[1 did y take any m /eps to fru/rate ! plan ( ,greis]1 namely1 to liquidate all tub]cul> ,poles1 & 9 p>ticul> did y turn to ,hitl] or ,himml] p]sonally 9 t matt]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i did n speak to ,hitl] at all ?r\gh\t ! entire w>4 ,q4 ,h[ ab\t ,himml]8 ,a4 ,i spoke to ,himml] on v>i\s occasions1 b t 0 ab\t "o ye> lat]4 ,at t "t ,i _h z yet no (ficial relations ) ,himml]1 & ,i did n "k him4 ,_h ?is happ5$ "o ye> lat]1 :5 ,i already _h (ficial contact ) ,himml]1 & _h ,i kn[n him bett]1 ,i w\ld n h writt5 a lett]2 ,i w\ld h approa*$ ,himml] p]sonally & w\ld h be5 able to fru/rate ! action )\t hav+ to write a lett]4 ,hav+ writt5 ?is lett] ,i receiv$ a report ?r\gh ,greis] v %ortly aft]w>ds to ! effect t ,himml] _h )drawn 8 ord]1 & t settl$ ! affair z f> z ,i 0 conc]n$4 ,i 0 only in=m$ t ev]y?+ 0 h&l$ 9 an ord]ly & legal mann] 9 ! ,w>!gau z reg>ds ! exam9ation & ! regi/ration ( tub]cul> p]sons4 ,q4 ,:o told y t ?is plan _h be5 )drawn on ! basis ( y\r sugge/ion8 ,a4 ,i he>d x f ,hohlfeld] z well z f ,p]wits*ky4 ,q4 ,^! 7 ! two m5-- ,a4 ,hohlfeld] 0 ! comm&+ (fic] ( ! ,x-ray unit1 & ,p]wits*ky 0 ! bus9ess manag] ( ! association = combat+ tub]culosis4 ,q4 ,did y f9d out h[ ! rejection ( ?is plan really came ab\t1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 d y "k t :5 ,greis]'s lett] 0 %[n to him ,himml] said t ,hitl] himself _h to decide1 & t ,hitl] himself actually did decide t ?is plan 0 to be reject$ = ! reasons :i* y1 ,dr4 ,blome1 /at$ 9 y\r lett] to ,greis]8 ,did y he> ab\t t lat]8 ,a4 ,at t "t ,i only le>n$ f ,pr(essor ,hohlfeld] & ,p]wits*ky t ! reasons /at$ 9 my lett] _h mov$ ,hitl] to )draw 8 ord]4 ,i only he>d ( ,himml]'s lett] "h 9 ?is c\rtroom1 ?r\gh ! docum5ts1 & ,i am1 !re=e1 v grateful to ! prosecution = n hav+ )held ?is lett] f me4 ,q4 ,witness1 :5 y say t ?is plan ( ,greis]'s 0 fru/rat$ because ( y1 ,i mu/ rem9d y ( :at ! prosecution said "h on #i ,decemb] 9 ?is c\rtroom4 ,! prosecution said at t "t1 8,we %all introduce evid5ce to %[ t ! program 0 9 fact c>ri$ out at ! end ( #aidb & ! beg9n+ ( #aidc 99 99 9940 ,& by t1 ! program = ! liquidation ( ! tub]cul> ,poles 0 meant4 ,fur!r1 8t z a result ( ! sugge/ions made by ,blome & ,greis]1 _m ,poles 7 ru?lessly ext]m9at$ & t o!rs 7 tak5 to isolat$ camps1 utt]ly lack+ 9 m$ical facilities :]e ?\s&s ( !m di$40 ,^! 7 /atem5ts made by prosecution4 ,i mu/ aga9 ask y v def9itely1 did y at any "t lat] he> t on ! basis ( ^! proposals tub]cul> ,poles 71 9 effect1 ext]m9at$8 ,a4 ,no4 ,! ass]tions ( ! prosecution are n true4 ,no?+ happ5$ to "o ,pole )9 ! framework ( ?is tub]cul> action 9 ! ,w>!gau4 ,on ! contr>y !y receiv$ dec5t m$ical treatm5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #hi ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bdg-bec1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #ij ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #af ,july #dg1 pp4 #ajigb-ajiid4 #ia ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ac1 #ad1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba ,m>* #aidg1 pp4 #ddej-dhab4 #ib ,def5dant 79 abs5tia7 be=e ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,see ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 ,vols4 ,i-,,xlii1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 ,d4 ,eu?anasia a4 ,introduction ,! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,blome1 ,brack1 & ,hov5 7 *>g$ ) p>ticipation 9 & responsibility = ! execution ( ! s-call$ 8,eu?anasia ,program0 9 ! c\rse ( :i* hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( human be+s1 includ+ nationals ( ,g]man occupi$ c\ntries1 7 murd]$ 7p>s4 #i & #ad ( ! indictm5t74 ,on ?is *>ge ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,brack1 & ,hov5 7 convict$1 & ! def5dant ,blome 0 acquitt$4 ,! prosecution's summation ( ! evid5ce on eu?anasia is conta9$ 9 its clos+ briefs aga9/ ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t & ,brack4 ,extracts f ^! briefs are set =? bel[ on pages #gie to #hac4 ,a correspond+ summation ( ! evid5ce by ! def5se on ?is program has be5 select$ f ! clos+ brief = ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t & f ! f9al plea = ! def5dant ,brack4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #hac to #hci4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by selections f ! evid5ce on pages #hdb to #hif4 b4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,eu?anasia ,program ,a4 ,proc$ure ,on #a ,septemb] #aici ,hitl] *>g$ ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t & ,rei*sleit] ,b\hl] ) ! execution ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,! lett] ( appo9tm5t /at$3 8,rei*sleit] ,b\hl] & ,dr4 ,br&t1 ,m4 ,d41 are *>g$ ) ! responsibility ( enl>g+ ! au?ority ( c]ta9 physicians to be designat$ by "n 9 su* a mann] t p]sons :o1 accord+ to human judgm5t1 are incurable c1 ^u a mo/ c>eful diagnosis ( _! condition ( sickness1 be accord$ a m]cy dea?40 7#fcj-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccj47 ,?is docum5t 9 no way limit$ ! application ( eu?anasia to insane p]sons b includ$ anyone :o might be designat$ z 8incurable40 ,! witness ,m5necke te/ifi$ t ! program 0 c>ri$ out 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,e ,g]man m5tal in/itution receiv$ que/ionnaires f ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior :i* 7 to be complet$ = ea* inmate ( ! in/itution & to be s5t back to ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,exp]ts !n _h to exam9e ! que/ionnaires aft] !y _h be5 photo/at$2 !y _h to express _! m$ical op9ion on !m1 & _h to return !m1 ) _! op9ion1 to ! ,rei*s>beitsgeme9s*aft 7,rei* ,labor ,association74 7,tr4 pp4 #ahgb1 #ahgc47 ,?is ,rei*s>beitsgeme9s*aft coop]at$ ) ! 8,/iftung0 7,*>itable ,f\ndation = ,in/itutional ,c>e71 & ! ,pati5ts ,transport ,corporation4 ,! 8,/iftung0 0 9 *>ge ( ! f9ancial side ( ! program1 :ile ! ,pati5ts ,transport ,corporation 0 us$ :5 pati5ts 7 mov$ f "o in/itution to ano!r 9 ord] to br+ !m clos] to ! eu?anasia in/itutions & f9ally into ! eu?anasia in/itutions !mselves4 ,^! ?ree organizations1 ,rei*s>beitsgeme9s*aft1 8,/iftung10 & ,pati5ts ,transport ,corporation1 7 9 fact cam\flag$ names = ! op]ation ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program & 7 "u ! sup]vision ( "o managem5t4 ,!y did n "w indep5d5tly b toge!r4 7,tr4 p4 #ahgd47 ,z to ! que/ionnaires1 ?ree exp]ts receiv$ photo/at$ copies1 &1 indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 !y express$ _! op9ion on individual cases4 ,!n s-call$ top exp]ts express$ _! op9ion4 ,a li/ 0 made up ( ! pati5ts :o 7 judg$ subject to eu?anasia1 & ! pati5ts 7 remov$ f ! in/itution to s-call$ collect+ po9ts1 & f !re 7 transf]r$ to eu?anasia in/itutes4 7,tr4 pp4 #ahgg1 #ahgh47 ,non-,g]man nationals & ,jews 7 subject$ to eu?anasia z well z ,g]mans4 7,tr4 p4 #ahha47 ,! activities ( ! exp]ts 7 ext5d$ 9 ! e>ly summ] ( #aidj to inmates ( conc5tration camps4 ,a doctors commission1 :i* consi/$ ( doctors & (ficials f ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 fill$ out ! que/ionnaires on inmates f among ^? :o _h be5 prelim9>ily select$ by ! camp doctors4 ,num]\s conc5tration camps 7 visit$1 "s ( !m twice1 9 ! p]iod betwe5 #aidj & ! end ( #aida4 7,tr4 pp4 #ahhb1 #ahhc47 ,dr4 ,m5necke1 :o visit$ a numb] ( conc5tration camps to select inmates1 receiv$ ! ord]s = ^! activities f ! top exp]ts 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program & f ! def5dant ,brack4 7,tr4 p4 #ahhb47 ,ann\ncem5ts ab\t ^! trips 7 made f ! ,b]l9 ag5cy ( ! program to ! individual conc5tration camps4 7,tr4 p4 #ahhe47 ,non-,g]man ,nationals & ,jews :o 7 inmates ( conc5tration camps 7 subject$ to ! ,eu?anasia ,program 9 ext5sive numb]s4 7,tr4 p4 #ahhg47 ,ano!r function ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program 0 ! kill+ ( m5tally & bodily defici5t *ildr54 ,! witness ,walt] ,s*midt te/ifi$ t ! ag5cy :i* h&l$ ?is "p ( ! program 0 call$ ! ,rei* ,committee = ,rese>* on ,h]$it>y & ,con/itutional ,sev]e ,diseases ,rei*sauss*uss zur wiss5s*aftli*5 ,erfassung von erb- und anlageb$+t5 s*w]5 ,leid54 ,! que/ionnaires 7 fill$ out by ! heal? dep>tm5ts1 ! *ief ( *ildr5's cl9ics1 physicians1 doctors1 midwives1 hospitals1 etc41 & reports 7 made to ,dr4 ,l9d5's (fice 9 ,b]l94 ,l9d5 0 a memb] ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,!re a committee ( *ief exp]ts1 on ! /r5g? ( ^! reports1 decre$ eu?anasia ?r\gh s-call$ au?oriz+ ord]s 9 ! =m ( a photo/atic copy ( ! report1 :i* _h be5 approv$ 9 writ+4 ,^! activities cont9u$ until #aidd4 7,tr4 pp4 #ahcc1 #ahcd47 ,s*midt himself 0 9 *>ge ( a special dep>tm5t = ! kill+ ( su* de=m$ *ildr54 7,tr4 p4 #ahcc47 ,work]s f ! occupi$ ea/]n t]ritories :o _h become unfit = labor 7 execut$ pursuant to ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,busses belong+ to ! ,pati5ts ,transport ,corporation1 :i* 7 op]at$ by ! p]sonnel ( ! ,pati5ts ,transport ,corporation1 took ^! victims to ! ext]m9ation c5t] ( ,hadam>1 :]e !y 7 kill$4 7,tr4 pp4 #ahdb-ahde2 ,,no-#aaaf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dae47 ,?is evid5ce on ! me?od ( c>ry+ out ! program is corroborat$ by ! affidavit ( ! def5dant ,brack 7,,no-#dbf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afj71 ! affidavit ( ,paul9e ,kneissl] 7,,no-#dgj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccb71 ! *>t drawn by ,brack 7,,no-#bec1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cca71 z well z num]\s o!r docum5ts 9 ! record4 ,! evid5ce conc]n+ ! activities ( ! top exp]ts & exp]ts ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program 9 ! v>i\s conc5tration camps is corroborat$ by ! affidavit ( ! camp doctor ( ! ,da*au conc5tration camp1 ,dr4 ,mu?ig 7,,no-#bgii1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dig71 :o /ates t 9 ! fall ( #aida1 ,pr(essor ,heyde1 z lead] ( a commission ( f\r psy*iatri/s1 came to ! ,da*au conc5tration camp4 ,?is doctors commission select$ inmates1 unable to "w1 = ext]m9ation by gas4 ,heyde 0 ! fir/ top exp]t ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 7,tr4 p4 #bdie47 ,! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,gorgass reveals t he & ,dr4 ,s*umann1 bo? ( :om 7 active 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 visit$ ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp 9 ,june #aida4 ,gorgass /ates explicitly t ! purpose ( ?is trip 0 to acqua9t himself ) ! assignm5t ( conc5tration camp inmates to eu?anasia in/itutions4 ,?is visit 0 made on ! ord] ( ,br&t1 & 0 transmitt$ by ! def5dant ,brack4 7,,no-#cjaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejc47 ,b4 ,non-,g]man ,nationals & ,jews ,non-,g]man nationals & ,jews1 :o 7 inmates ( ! conc5tration camps1 7 victims ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program :i* op]at$ 9 ^! camps "u ! code "n 8#ad f #ac40 7,,no-#dbi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bha47 ,a few docum5ts submitt$ by ! prosecution on "o 8#ad f #ac0 action 9 ,gross-,ros5 %[ h[ ! ,eu?anasia ,program op]at$ 9 conc5tration camps4 ,! li/ ( conc5tration camp inmates ( ! ,gross-,ros5 conc5tration camp1 :o 7 s5t to ! ,b]nburg eu?anasia /ation = ext]m9ation1 conta9s _m names ( non-,g]man nationals & non-,g]man ,jews4 7,,no-#aeh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daj47 ,jews 9 protective cu/ody1 ,poles 9 protective cu/ody1 ,jews :o 7 habitual crim9als1 ,jews :o 7 8%irk]s10 ,jews :o 8defil$ ! race10 ,cze* 8%irk]s10 & ,cze*s 9 protective cu/ody 7 among ! inmates select$ by ! camp physicians = 8exam9ation0 by ! exp]ts4 7#aaea-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daa47 ,by comp>+ ! names on ! li/s conta9$ on ,docum5ts ,,no-#aeh & #aaea-,,ps1 x is prov$ t1 ( ! #bdj names li/$ = ext]m9ation 9 ! ,b]nburg eu?anasia /ation1 at lea/ #ea 7 ( ,poli% or ,cze* nationality4 ,h[ _m ( ! ,jews li/$ 7 ( non-,g]man nationality _c be asc]ta9$ f ^! docum5ts1 b a sub/antial numb] ( !m 7 born 9 c\ntries o!r ?an ,g]many1 z ! li/ conta9$ 9 ,docum5t ,,no-#aeh %[s1 & x is !re=e app>5t t a fur!r sub/antial numb] ( ! inmates select$ = ext]m9ation 7 ( non-,g]man nationality4 7,,no-#aeh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daj2 #aaea-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daa47 ,on #ag ,m>* #aidb1 #gj inmates 7 transf]r$ to ,b]nburg = ext]m9ation4 7,,no-#ahgc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eef47 ,( ^!1 #bg ( ! non-,jewi% prison]s on ! transport li/ 7 ( ,cze* or ,poli% nationality4 ,comp>e transport li/ ) li/ ( inmates orig9ally select$ 9 ,gross-,ros54 7#aaea-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daa47 ,on #ai ,m>* #aidb an additional #eg inmates arriv$ at ,b]nburg f ,gross-,ros54 7,,no-#aeh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daj47 ,( ^!1 #ae ( ! non-,jewi% prison]s ( ! transport li/ 7 ( ,cze* or ,poli% nationality4 ,?us1 ( ! total ( #abg inmates prov$ to h be5 s5t to ,b]nburg 9 ,m>* #aidb1 at lea/ #db1 or "o-?ird ( ! total1 7 non-,g]man citiz5s =cibly deta9$ 9 an enemy c\ntry4 ,t all ( ^! inmates 7 ext]m9at$ 9 ,b]nburg is conclusively prov$ by ! laconic report f ,gross-,ros5 to ! ,economic & ,adm9i/rative ,ma9 ,(fice t 8special treatm5t ( #abg prison]s 0 conclud$ on #b ,april #aidb40 7#abcd-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eee47 ,?is evid5ce z to ,action #ad f #ac is amplifi$ by ! te/imony ( ! witnesses ,neff 7,tr4 pp4 #fjj-fje71 ,kogon 7,tr4 pp4 #abaj-ac71 ,roemhild 7,tr4 pp4 #afcd-cg1 #afda71 & ,holl 7,tr4 p4 #ajfj74 ,non-,g]man nationals & ,jews o!r ?an ^? 9 conc5tration camps 7 n exempt f ! program1 & _m ( !m 7 kill$4 ,besides ! evid5ce cit$ "u ,a above1 !re is ample pro( t non-,g]man nationals 7 subject$ to ext]m9ation f ! beg9n+ ( #aidj ?r\gh ! w>4 7,,no-#aace1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccd2 ,,no-#hah1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgc47 ,jews ( ,g]man & ,poli% nationality & /ateless ,jews 7 also subject$ to ! program4 7,,no-#acaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccg47 ,poli% & ,russian nationals & o!r non-,g]man nationals 7 subject$ to ! program4 7,,no-#gbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cff47 ,! que/ionnaires _h a space provid$ = 8race01 be+ def9$3 ,g]man or simil> blood 7( ,g]man blood71 ,jew1 ,jewi% mix$ bre$ ,grades #a or #b1 ,negro 7mix$ bre$74 7#afif-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ceg47 ,?is "q w\ld h be5 completely unnecess>y if non-,g]mans 7 exempt$ f ! program4 ,que/ionnaires _h to be fill$ out ab\t all pati5ts :o 7 n ( ,g]man nationality or ,g]man relat$ blood1 indicat+ _! race & nationality4 7,,no-#hbe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ceh47 ,^! que/ionnaires _h to be process$ by ! exp]ts4 7,tr4 p4 #ahha47 ,^? :o 7 active 9 eu?anasia nev] receiv$ an ord] t non-,g]man nationals 7 to be exclud$ f ! program4 7,,no-#hag1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cfh47 ,! witnesses ,m5necke 7,tr4 pp4 #ahgg1 #aibb7 & ,s*midt 7,tr4 pp4 #ahfj-a7 also te/ifi$ to ?is effect4 ,hugo ,su*omel1 ,,ll4 ,d41 ! highe/ (ficial aft] ! ,m9i/] 9 ! ,au/rian ,f$]al ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice1 says 9 8 affidavit t :5 ,brack1 z repres5tative ( ! def5dant ,br&t1 gave a lecture on eu?anasia 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice 9 #aidb1 he enum]at$1 z ! classes ( p]sons :o 7 exempt$ f ! program1 ! w>-w\nd$ & p]sons :o _h become insane z a result ( air attacks4 ,=eign]s & ,jews 7 n m5tion$ among ! gr\ps ( p]sons :o 7 exclud$4 7,,no-#bbec1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eeg47 ,brack admits hav+ held ! lecture4 7,tr4 p4 #gehi47 ,z e>ly z #aici inmates ( insane asylums 9 occupi$ ,pol& 7 kill$4 7#chaf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgj47 ,9 ! autumn ( #aidj1 funds = ! evacuation ( #a1eeh inmates ( m5tal in/itutions ( ,ea/ ,prussia & approximately #bej to #cjj insane ,poles 7 made available by ! def5dant ,brack1 :o 0 ! adm9i/rative executive ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,z ^! transf]s 7 c>ri$ out by a special deta*m5t 7,sond]komm&o7 ( ! infam\s ,,sd1 :i* 0 us$ = special tasks1 !re is no d\bt t ^! insane ,poles 7 kill$4 7,,no-#biji1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejj2 ,,no-#biaa1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eja47 ,9 ,septemb] #aida1 an ord] 0 issu$ t ! inmates ( ! insane asylums 9 ,russia1 9 ! occupation zone ( ! ,g]man ,army ,gr\p 8,nord10 7 to be kill$4 7,,no-#ageh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ddd47 ,ea/]n work]s 7 also dealt )4 7,,no-#adcj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dbi2 ,,no-#adcf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dcj47 ,ea/]n work]s1 :o _h be5 =cibly br\ght into ,g]many1 :o 7 no long] able to "w1 & :o 7 consid]$ a burd5 on ! m5tal in/itutions ( ,g]many1 7 br\ght toge!r 9 a collect+ in/itution &1 unless !y c\ld be dis*>g$ 9 a matt] ( six weeks1 !y 7 ext]m9at$ "u ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 7,,no-#hia1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dad2 ,,no-#aaaf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dae47 ,half-,jewi% heal?y *ildr5 7,,no-#adbg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dca7 & adult gypsies 7#chhb-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cga7 7 also kill$4 ,c4 ,inadequate ,exam9ation & ,lack ( ,sup]vision ,! selection & exam9ation ( ! p]sons :o 7 subject$ to eu?anasia 7 crim9ally neglig5t & inadequate4 ,! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t te/ifi$ t ! doctors 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program 7 giv5 enorm\s responsibility4 7,tr4 p4 #bdbe47 ,he1 toge!r ) ,b\hl]1 _h au?ority ov] ! physicians :o 7 p>ticipat+ 9 ! program4 7,tr4 p4 #bdjh47 ,he admitt$1 h[ev]1 t he did n make obs]vation 91 or visits to1 insane asylums4 ,he 0 only once 9 ! ,be!l insane asylum & visit$ a special cl9ic 9 ,kassel4 ,he admitt$ hav+ no exp]t k 9 ! field ( psy*iatry4 7,tr4 p4 #bdgj47 ,he1 ! doctor ( ! two p]sons :o 7 *>g$ by ,hitl] ) ! execution ( eu?anasia 7,b\hl] 0 n a doctor71 au?oriz$ ! doctors to adm9i/] eu?anasia4 ,he did n make inve/igations z to ! m$ical abilities ( ^! m54 7,tr4 p4 #bdgf47 ,he does n "k "o s+le "n ( ! total ( t5 to fifte5 doctors :o1 accord+ to 8 te/imony1 7 *>g$ ) ! execution ( eu?anasia4 7,tr4 pp4 #bdgh-i47 ,br&t te/ifi$ t he only visit$ "o ( ! ext]m9ation /ations1 ,graf5eck1 9 #aidj1 "o "t 7,tr4 p4 #bdhj71 & nev] w5t to an obs]vation /ation4 7,tr4 p4 #bdha47 ,9 w9t] #aici-aidj1 h[ev]1 he visit$1 toge!r ) ! def5dant ,brack1 ,b\hl]1 & ,conti1 ! eu?anasia /ation ( ,br&5burg1 :]e ! fir/ gas *amb] 0 set up4 ,! purpose ( ?is visit 0 to obs]ve a te/ exp]im5t 9 :i* f\r insane p]sons 7 gass$4 7,tr4 pp4 #gfde-f47 ,victims ( eu?anasia 7 condemn$ to dea? by s-call$ top exp]ts :o _h nev] s mu* z se5 ! pati5t4 ,! victims 7 only sup]ficially exam9$ on ! basis ( que/ionnaires4 7,,no-#dgj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccb47 ,pfannmuell]1 an exp]t1 receiv$ no less ?an #aei %ipm5ts ( que/ionnaires1 av]ag+ betwe5 #bjj & #cjj que/ionnaires ea*1 prior to #ae ,april #aida1 = judgm5t z to life & dea?4 7,,no-#aabi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ced2 ,,no-#aacj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cee47 ,s9ce 8 ma9 occupation 0 t ( manag] ( an insane asylum1 8 judgm5t ( ! que/ionnaires 0 only a second>y activity4 ,9 a p]iod ( #ah days1 ?is same exp]t pass$ judgm5t on no less ?an #b1jeh que/ionnaires4 7,,no-#aabi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ced2 ,tr4 p4 #gchd47 ,que/ionnaires on pati5ts :o 7 9 an asylum = z %ort a "t z "o mon? 7 fill$ out & =m$ ! basis = judgm5t z to :e!r ! p>ticul> inmate %\ld be kill$4 7,,no-#hbe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ceh47 ,_m ( ^! que/ionnaires 7 inadequately complet$ s t x 0 impossible 9 any ev5t to =m a cle> m$ical op9ion4 ,exp]ts 7 also expos$ to pressure to induce !m to give positive op9ions4 7,tr4 p4 #ahha47 ,unanim\s op9ion ( ! exp]ts 0 n necess>y to br+ ab\t a positive judgm5t :i* w\ld condemn ! pati5t to be kill$4 ,! diss5t+ op9ion ( "o exp]t did n suffice to save ! life ( ! pati5t4 7,tr4 pp4 #aijg-h47 ,9 a conc5tration camp #aje ,aryans 7 8exam9$0 by ! exp]t ,m5necke 9 an aft]noon4 ,! 8exam9ation0 ( #a1bjj ,jews1 :i* consi/$ 9 ! transcription ( ! reason = _! arre/ f ! files to ! reports1 took only a few days4 ,9 a lett] to 8 wife1 ,m5necke himself put ! ^w 8exam9ation0 9 quotation m>ks4 ,x is impossible t any k9d ( m5tal exam9ation ( ! pati5ts 0 c>ri$ out4 7,tr4 p4 #ahib2 ,,no-#ijg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dab47 ,9 fact1 ^! ,jews 7 m5tally & physically heal?y4 7,tr4 p4 #ahic47 ,x 0 impossible = ,dr4 ,heyde & 8 doctors commission1 :i* 0 active 9 ! ,da*au conc5tration camp1 to exam9e ! great numb] ( inmates select$ 9 ! %ort "t !y sp5t !re4 ,! exam9ation consi/$ solely 9 ! cursory /udy ( p]sonal records 9 ! pres5ce ( ! inmate4 7,,no-#bgii1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dig47 ,doctors ,s*umann & ,gorgass scre5$ approximately #ajj conc5tration camp inmates dur+ a "o day's visit 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 7,,no-#cjaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejc47 ,x 0 n ! degree ( insanity :i* 0 ! decisive factor 9 ! decision z to :e!r or n ! inmates %\ld be kill$1 b r _! usefulness = "w4 ,! mann] ( employm5t1 ! value ( "w1 if possible comp>$ ) ! av]age p]=mance ( heal?y p]sons1 _h to be c>efully fill$ out 9 ! que/ionnaires4 7#afif-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ceg47 ,valuable work]s 7 n s5t to eu?anasia /ations4 7#chfe-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cfe47 ,pati5ts :o _h art]ioscl]osis1 tub]culosis1 canc]1 & o!r disabl+ illnesses 7 includ$ 9 ! program4 7#chif-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgb47 8,useless eat]s0 7 />v$ to dea?4 7#chaf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgj2 ,,no-#hbc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cii47 ,p]sons :o no long] _h any value to ! /ate 7 consid]$ 8useless eat]s40 ,x 0 po9t$ out t dur+ ! w> heal?y p _h to give up _! lives :ile ^! sev]ely ill p cont9u$ to live1 & w\ld cont9ue to live unless eu?anasia 0 c>ri$ out4 ,9 addition1 x 0 /at$ ! lack ( food & nurs+ p]sonnel ju/ifi$ ! elim9ation ( ^! p4 7,tr4 p4 #aijf47 ,conc5tration camp inmates 7 exam9$ z to _! capacity = "w & _! political reliability & 7 select$ accord+ly = eu?anasia4 7,,no-#bgii1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dig47 ,que/ionnaires 7 complet$ on conc5tration camp inmates :o 7 n insane4 7,,no-#cjaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejc47 ,prior to #bg ,april #aidc1 ,action #ad f #ac encompass$ ! execution n only ( insane p]sons1 b p]sons suff]+ f tub]culosis1 b$ridd5 individuals1 & o!rs unfit = manual "w4 7,,no-#ajjg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dac47 ,only inmates :o 7 no long] fit = "w 7 to be br\ght be=e ! exam9+ commission4 7#aaea-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daa47 ,9 ! case ( kill+ ( *ildr51 a previ\s consultation ) ! p>5ts or relatives did n take place4 7#chfd-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cfg47 ,! def5se witness ,pfannmuell] te/ifi$ t1 aft] hav+ receiv$ au?orization to kill ! individual *ild1 he invit$ ! relatives to visit ! *ild because x 0 sick4 ,h[ev]1 he nev] notifi$ ! p>5ts or gu>dians t he 0 go+ to kill ! *ild1 z ?is 0 a top secret matt]4 7,tr4 p4 #gcid47 ,f ! docum5ts submitt$ by ! def5dant ,brack1 x is cle> t ! p>5ts 7 deceiv$ ab\t ! purpose ( ! transf] ( ! *ildr5 to in/itutions :]e !y 7 to be kill$4 ,x 0 ! bus9ess ( ! m$ical (fic]s to induce ! p>5ts to s5d _! *ildr5 to su* in/itutions4 ,to accompli% ?is1 ! p>5ts 7 told t 9 ! case ( individual diseases !re 0 a possibility ( a*iev+ c]ta9 successes ) treatm5t4 7,brack #eb1 ,brack ,ex4 #dc2 ,tr4 p4 #ggag47 ,! p>5ts 7 told t ! be/ c>e w\ld be tak5 ( ! *ild 9 su* in/itutions & ev]y?+ possible 9 ! way ( mod]n !rapy w\ld be c>ri$ out4 7,brack #ea1 ,brack ,ex4 #db47 ,f ^! docum5ts x is cle> t ! p>5ts & relatives 7 n only n ask$ = _! cons5t 9 ! case ( kill+ ( *ildr51 b 7 deceiv$ 9 ord] to make ! transf] to a eu?anasia in/itution possible4 ,a lett] f ! ,rei* ,committee = ,rese>* on ,h]$it>y & ,con/itutional ,sev]e ,diseases to ! ,ei*b]g ,sanatorium %[s on its face t1 9 ! case ( eu?anasia ( *ildr51 ! cons5t ( ! p>5ts 0 n s\ght4 7,,no-#hij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ddc47 ,?is evid5ce is corroborat$ by ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,su*omel4 7,,no-#bbec1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eeg47 ,! def5dant ,brack te/ifi$ t ! cons5t ( ! p>5ts to ! kill+ ( *ildr5 0 an absolute pr]equisite4 ,! m$ical (fic]s :o made ! arrangem5ts = ! transf] ( ! *ildr5 to ! kill+ /ations 7 alleg$ly *>g$ ) ! task ( in=m+ ! p>5ts & reque/+ _! cons5t4 ,?is /atem5t is 9 contradiction to ,brack's own docum5ts1 :i* cle>ly %[ :at ! p>5ts really 7 told1 z well z ! top secret "* ( ! program4 ,! pro( has fur!r %[n t ,pfannmuell] himself 0 "o ( ! doctors :o _h1 accord+ to ! decree ( ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior ( #ah ,augu/ #aici1 to report de=m$ & defici5t *ildr54 7,,no-#ccee1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eec47 ,he himself te/ifi$ t he nev] in=m$ ! p>5ts ab\t ! fate _! *ildr5 _h to expect4 ,br&t admitt$ t 9 ! case ( ! kill+ ( insane adults1 ! cons5t ( ! relatives 0 n reque/$ & _! op9ion n he>d4 7,tr4 pp4 #bdbg-h47 ,!re is abundant pro( t ! ,g]man public 0 horrifi$ by eu?anasia & ! mann] ( its execution4 ,a police report /at$3 8,! wilde/ sc5es imag9able are report$ to h tak5 place1 z "s ( ^! p did n bo>d ! bus volunt>ily & 7 !re=e =c$ to d s by ! accompany+ p]sonnel4 ,!re 7 p :o 7 imbeciles & feeble-m9d$1 & 7 said to h o!r epileptic illnesses z well1 & ^: upkeep ! /ate & o!r public bodies up till n[ _h to provide = completely1 or at lea/ = ! great] "p4 ,p w5t s f> z to =mulate & dissem9ate m or less ! foll[+ ass]tion3 #8,! /ate mu/ be 9 a bad way n[ or x c\ld n happ5 t ^! poor p %\ld simply be s5t to _! dea? solely 9 ord] t ! means1 :i* until n[ h be5 us$ = ! upkeep ( ^! p1 are made available = ! prosecution ( ! w>4'0 7,d-#ijf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgf47 ,d4 ,g5]al ,ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews ,p]sonnel active 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program also took "p 9 ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews 9 ! ,ea/ f ab\t #aida until ! lib]ation ( ! ea/]n t]ritories4 ,"s "t 9 ! second half ( #aida "p ( ! p]sonnel1 :o 7 until !n execut+ ! ,eu?anasia ,program 9 ,g]many1 0 s5t to ,lubl9 & put at ! disposal ( ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,globocnik 9 ord] to assi/ 9 ! mass ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews1 :i* 0 !n common k 9 ! high] circles ( ! ,,nsdap4 ,among ! doctors :o assi/$ 9 ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews 7 ,drs4 ,eb]le & ,s*umann1 bo? ( :om _h be5 previ\sly active 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program 9 ,g]many4 ,all ( ?is ,brack admitt$ 9 8 pretrial affidavit3 8,! ord] to s5d ^! m5 to ! ,ea/ c\ld only h be5 giv5 by ,himml] to ,br&t1 possibly ?r\gh ,b\hl]40 7,,no-#dbf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afj47 ,! connection betwe5 ! 8,/iftung0 7,*>itable ,f\ndation = ,in/itutional ,c>e7 & ! ext]m9ation camps 9 ,lubl9 0 also kn[n to ! l[] employees ( ! eu?anasia /ations4 7,,no-#dgj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccb47 ,! witness ,gorgass /at$ 9 8 affidavit t ,police ,capta9 ,wir? told him1 late 9 ! summ] ( #aida1 t he _h be5 transf]r$ by ! ,f\ndation = ,in/itutional ,c>e 7:i* 0 "o ( ! code names "u :i* ! ,eu?anasia ,program op]at$7 to a eu?anasia in/itute 9 ! ,lubl9 area4 7,,no-#cjaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejc47 ,! ,,ss judge1 ,dr4 ,morg51 :o inve/igat$ ! ,jewi% ext]m9ation program 9 ,lubl91 te/ifi$ be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal t ,wir?1 hav+ previ\sly c>ri$ out ! task ( remov+ ! incurably insane1 0 a speciali/ 9 mass de/ruction ( human be+s4 ,! (fice f :i* ,wir? obta9$ 8 ord]s 0 ,b]l91 ,ti]g>t5/rasse1 & among ! p :o 7 connect$ ) ?is op]ation 0 ,blank5burg4 7,,no-#bfad1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejd47 ,brack admitt$ t ,wir? 0 an (ficial ( ! ,br&5burg eu?anasia /ation4 7,tr4 p4 #ggcc47 ,br&t visit$ ,br&5burg 9 ! w9t] ( #aici-dj4 7,tr4 pp4 #gfde-f47 ,! c5tral (fice = ! ,eu?anasia ,program 0 set up 9 ,ti]g>t5/rasse #d1 & ,blank5burg 0 ,brack's deputy 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 7,tr4 pp4 #gefc & #ggjg47 ,! def5dant ,brack report$ to ,himml] ab\t ^! activities on #bc ,june #aidb1 z foll[s3 8,on ! in/ructions ( ,rei* ,lead] ,b\hl] ,i plac$ "s ( my m5--already "s "t ago--at ! disposal ( ,brigadefuehr] ,globocnik to execute 8 special mission4 ,on 8 r5ew$ reque/ ,i h n[ transf]r$ additional p]sonnel4 ,on ?is occasion ,brigadefuehr] ,globocnik /at$ 8 op9ion t ! :ole ,jew action %\ld be complet$ z quickly z possible1 s t "o w\ld n get caught 9 ! middle ( x "o day if "s difficulties %\ld make a /oppage ( ! action necess>y4 ,y y\rself1 ,rei* ,lead]1 h already express$ y\r view t "w %\ld progress quickly = reasons ( cam\flage alone 99 99 9940 7,,no-#bje1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afc47 ,! affidavit ( ,kurt ,g]/e91 :i* also m5tions ,wir?1 gives a vivid description ( ! t]rible way 9 :i* ! victims 7 kill$ by ! ?\s&s by ord] ( ,globocnik4 7#aeec-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dbh47 ,9 ,octob] #aida1 ,brack1 ! adm9i/rative head ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 =w>d$ plans :]eby ,jews :o 7 unable to "w %\ld be ext]m9at$ by gas4 ,he decl>$ 8 read9ess to s5d "s ( 8 assi/ants & especially 8 *emi/1 ,kallmey]1 to ! ,ea/1 :]e ! necess>y gass+ app>atus c\ld be easily manufactur$4 ,ei*mann1 :om ,hitl] _h *>g$ ) ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews1 0 9 agreem5t ) ^! plans4 ,consequ5tly1 !re 7 8no objections to do+ away ) ^? ,jews :o are unable to "w1 by means ( ! ,brack rem$y04 7,,no-#cfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejg47 ,kallmey]1 :o 0 *>g$ ) ! manufacture ( ! gass+ app>atus & equipm5t1 _h be5 tra9$ = ?is task 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,previ\sly he _h be5 responsible = ! prop] op]ation ( ! gas *amb]s ( ! diff]5t eu?anasia in/itutions4 7,tr4 p4 #ggdc47 ,accord+ to ,ei*mann's own e/imate1 f\r million ,jews 7 kill$ 9 ext]m9ation in/itutions4 7,,no-#bgcg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eje47 ,e4 ,legality ,! evid5ce outl9$ above makes x cle> t ! ,eu?anasia ,program c only be describ$ z mass murd]4 ,?is ,tribunal is n call$ ^u to def9e ) juridical nicety :at a /ate may lawfully legislate ) respect to eu?anasia4 ,! prosecution asks only t ?is ,tribunal f9d1 z o!r tribunals h already held1 t !re 0 no valid law 9 ! ,?ird ,rei* p]mitt+ eu?anasia1 & t ! execution ( p]sons "u ! guise ( eu?anasia1 ) ! connivance & assi/ance ( c]ta9 def5dants 9 ?is dock1 con/itut$ ! crime ( murd]--a w> crime & a crime aga9/ humanity4 ,! fir/ & =emo/ au?ority on ! legality ( eu?anasia z practic$ "u ! ,nazis is 9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4#ic ,^! f9d+s draw no di/9ction betwe5 ,g]man nationals execut$ "u ! program & non-,g]man nationals4 ,^! executions are describ$ ) ! ^w 8murd]s0 & con/itute w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity "u ! ,*>t] & ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal crimes :i* l$ to ! judgm5t ( guilty & ! s5t5ce ( dea? aga9/ ,frick4#id ,! ,review ( ! ,deputy ,!at] ,judge ,advocate 9 ! case ( ! ,u4 ,s4 vs4 ,kle91 ,wahlman1 et al41 held at ,weisbad51 ,g]many1 f #h ,octob] ?r\gh #ae ,octob] #aide is a cle> prec$5t t ! execution ( non-,g]man nationals pursuant to ! ,eu?anasia ,program 0 a crime4 7,,no-#aaaf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dae47 ,! def5dants 7 !re *>g$ ) ! execution ( "s #djj p]sons ( ,poli% & ,russian nationality1 alleg$ to be suff]+ f incurable tub]culosis1 at ! ,hadam> eu?anasia /ation betwe5 ,july #aidd & ,april #aide4 ,!y 7 n *>g$ ) murd]+ ,g]man nationals & t issue 0 n consid]$4 ,aft] tak+ judicial notice ( ! fact t =eign labor]s 7 press$ = s]vice 9 ,g]many1 ! review+ au?ority held t ! kill+s 9 issue 7 a violation ( ! int]national laws ( w> & ( ,article #df ( ,! ,hague ,conv5tion4 ,?ree ( ! sev5 def5dants 7 s5t5c$ to dea?4 ,accord+ to ,g]man law1 eu?anasia 0 no?+ o!r ?an murd]4 ,p>agraph #baa ( ! ,g]man ,crim9al ,code1 9 its old =m reads3 8,:oev] kills a p]son willfully w be puni%$ by dea? = murd] if ! kill+ 0 prem$itat$40 ,9 ! new =m1 :i* 0 9 effect f #d ,septemb] #aida on1 ! section /at$3 8,! murd]] w be puni%$ by dea?4 8,a murd]] is "o :o kills a p]son out ( %e] desire to murd]1 = ! satisfaction ( ! sexual in/9cts1 = covet\sness or o!r vile motives2 "o :o kills ano!r malici\sly or cruelly1 or by publicly dang]\s means1 or to create ! preconditions = ano!r puni%able action1 or to conceal su* an action4 8,c]ta9 exceptional cases :]e capital puni%m5t is n appropriate w be puni%$ by life s5t5ce40 7,,no-#gje4ie7 ,= exp]t comm5t>ies on ! legality ( eu?anasia1 see ,,no-#gjh & ,,no-#gjf4if ,! def5se witness ,hans ,lamm]s1 a ,g]man legal exp]t1 te/ifi$ t ! ,hitl] lett] to ,b\hl] & ,br&t 0 n a law1 & t (ficial legislation 0 necess>y to legalize eu?anasia4 7,tr4 pp4 #bfgb-bfgi47 ,! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice1 ,gu]tn]1 on #bd ,july #aidj1 wrote a lett] to ,lamm]s in=m+ him t1 z ! ,fuehr] _h refus$ to issue a law x 0 necess>y to discont9ue imm$iately ! secret ext]m9ation ( insane p]sons4 7,,no-#hcb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cic47 ,a copy ( ?is lett] 0 s5t to ,b\hl] on #bg ,july #aidj4 7,,no-#hcc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cid47 ,dur+ ,brack's lecture 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice1 ref]r$ to 9 ,b above1 ! legal au?orities pres5t 7 completely mis9=m$ ab\t ! ext5t ( ! program4 ,f ! rem>ks ( ! speak]1 ! impression 0 obta9$ t only a v limit$ circle ( p]sons1 at ! utmo/ sev]al hundr$1 ?r\gh\t ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 & ! ,protectorate ,bohemia & ,moravia1 w\ld be affect$4 ,! op9ion creat$ 0 t only v dang]\s pati5ts & deliri\s maniacs :o might injure !mselves w\ld be subject$ to ! program4 7,,no-#bbec1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eeg47 ,?is obvi\sly 0 done to quiet ! misgiv+s ( ! p]sons pres5t4 ,brack1 :5 que/ion$ z to :e!r1 dur+ ! lecture1 he gave an approximate numb] ( p]sons :o w\ld be subject$ to eu?anasia1 c\ld or w\ld n give any answ]4 ,contr>y to ! impression creat$ dur+ ! conf]5ce 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice1 ! def5dants ,br&t & ,brack n[ admit t ab\t #ej1jjj to #fj1jjj p 7 kill$ 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria alone4 7,tr4 p4 #bdfe2 ,tr4 p4 #gfaj47 ,s9ce ! end ( ! w>1 ,g]man & ,au/rian c\rts h repeat$ly held t ! kill+ ( p]sons ( any nationality "u ! guise ( eu?anasia 0 9 violation ( ! ,g]man ,crim9al ,code & puni%able z murd]4 ,! witnesses ,s*midt & ,m5necke :o te/ifi$ be=e ?is ,tribunal _h !mselves be5 convict$ by a ,g]man c\rt = p>ticipation 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program & s5t5c$ to life imprisonm5t & dea?1 respectively4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,c\rt ( ,assizes 9 ,b]l91 at ! session on #be ,m>* #aidf1 f\nd ! def5dants ,hilde ,w]nicke & ,hel5e ,wieczorek guilty ( murd] & s5t5c$ !m to dea?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,c\rt ( ,appeals 9 ! same case reject$ ! appeals ( bo?1 def5dants4 ,! foll[+ quotation f ! f9d+s may be ( int]e/3 99 99 99 99 99 8,x _c be mi/ak5 t ! def5dants ,w]nicke & ,wieczorek are only ! la/ l9ks ( a long *a91 & t !y are prec$$ by p]sons ^: guilt is /ill great]40 ,emphasis add$4 7,,no4 #ddgig74 ,?us x is e/abli%$ t eu?anasia 0 murd] accord+ to ,g]man law4 ,9 connection ) ?is "q1 x is aga9 po9t$ out t ! :ole program 0 kept completely secret4 ,hitl]'s lett] ( #a ,septemb] #aici 7,tr4 p4 #aeaf7 m>k$ 8,top ,secret0 0 nev] publi%$1 & ! ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice receiv$ a copy ( x only "o ye> aft] its issuance4 7#fcj-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccj47 ,transf]s ( inmates ( insane asylums to eu?anasia /ations 7 alleg$ly c>ri$ out by ! ord] ( ! ,rei* ,def5se ,commission]4 7,,no-#aacc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cce47 ,! (ficials active 9 ! program _h to sign a writt5 oa? ( secrecy4 7,,no-#acab1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cch2 ,,no-#acaa1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cci47 ,! doctors :o p]=m$ eu?anasia 7 w>n$ t !y w\ld be sev]ely puni%$ if !y sabotag$ ! "w4 7,tr4 p4 #ahid47 ,! :ole program ( eu?anasia 0 to be kept secret1 z !y 7 told f ! beg9n+ t x 0 a top secret matt]4 ,! reason giv5 0 to avoid unre/ among ! population4 ,brea* ( secrecy 0 consid]$ sabotage4 7,tr4 p4 #aibc47 ,o!rs _h to sign a writt5 oa? b9d+ !m to secrecy4 ,x 0 kn[n t ! result ( brea* ( ?is oa? 0 conf9em5t 9 a conc5tration camp4 7,tr4 p4 #ahbf47 ,f4 ,p]sonal ,responsibility ( ,k>l ,br&t ,br&t 0 put 9 *>ge ( ! program1 toge!r ) ,b\hl]1 by ! above-quot$ lett] ( ,hitl] ( #a ,septemb] #aici4 ,8 position z highe/ au?ority 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program is outl9$ 9 ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,boehm1 "o ( ! olde/ memb]s ( ! ,,nsdap4 ,:51 9 ,novemb] #aidj1 ,boehm approa*$ ,m>t9 ,bormann#ih ) ! reque/ to obta9 an audi5ce ) ,hitl] to compla9 ab\t ! execution ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 ,bormann ref]r$ him to ,br&t z ! responsible au?ority = ! execution ( eu?anasia4 ,z a result1 ,boehm _h a discussion ) ,br&t & :5 he compla9$1 among o!r ?+s1 t ! ,eu?anasia ,program 0 n regulat$ by law & %\ld n be c>ri$ out 9 a secret mann]1 ,br&t admitt$ t ! ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice1 ,gu]tn]1 _h also urg$ legislation4 ,f 8 conv]sation ) ,bormann & ,br&t1 ,boehm 0 sure t ,br&t 0 ! lead+ p]sonality 9 ! program4 7,,no-#cjei1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eeh47 ,br&t admitt$ t x 0 necess>y to set up a special organization to c>ry out eu?anasia4 7,tr4 p4 #bdjg47 ,he1 toge!r ) ,b\hl]1 _h au?ority ov] ! physicians :o 7 p>ticipat+ 9 ?is program1 & fur!rmore he _h to keep ,hitl] in=m$ f ! m$ical po9t ( view 7,engli% translation is g>bl$1 !re=e ref]5ce is made to ,g]man ,tr4 p4 #bdbj7 & _h to ma9ta9 contact ) ,b\hl]4 7,tr4 p4 #bdjh47 ,he fur!r admitt$ t au?orizations = ! kill+ ( *ildr5 7 submitt$ to him & ,b\hl]4 7,tr4 p4 #bedd47 ,he /at$ t he resign$ 8 job "s "t 9 #aidb4 7,tr4 p4 #bdcc47 ,:ile ?is is ( no mat]ial significance1 x is e/abli%$ t he held 8 position z ! lead+ figure 9 ! program until #aidd4 ,dr4 ,ludwig ,sprau]1 9 8 affidavit1 /at$3 8,i he>d ! "n ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t = ! fir/ "t at a conf]5ce 9 ,b]l9 9 ! middle ( #aida4 ,at ?is conf]5ce ,i le>n$ t ,k>l ,br&t & ,philipp ,b\hl] 7 ! lead+ figures 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,! conf]5ce 0 call$ by ,dr4 ,l9d5 on behalf ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 & problems ( in/itutions & asylums 7 submitt$4 ,dr4 ,l9d5 direct$ ! proce$+s4 8,to ! be/ ( my k & belief1 ,philipp ,b\hl] z well z ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t 7 ! lead+ figures 9 ?is s-call$ ,eu?anasia ,program f #aida to ! collapse ( ,g]many4 8,! connection betwe5 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior & ,pr(essor ,k>l ,br&t1 9 ! framework ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 0 t ,k>l ,br&t gave ord]s to ,conti & ,l9d51 :i* 7 pass$ on by ^! p]sons on behalf ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior4 ,br&t 0 ! dom9at+ figure )\t d\bt40 7,,no-#hah1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgc47 ,! witness ,wesse said 9 8 affidavit t ,br&t 0 9 *>ge ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program at lea/ until ,m>* #aidd4 7,,no-#adbh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dcb47 ,! witness ,m5necke te/ifi$ t he le>n$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( #aida t ! def5dant ,br&t 0 active 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 7,tr4 p4 #ahgd47 ,he fur!r te/ifi$3 8,:51 9 #aidd1 ,i 0 treat$ z a pati5t 9 ! army hospital at ,/4 ,blasi51 ,i f\nd out ?r\gh conv]sations ) (fic]s t ,pr(essor ,br&t _h an ess5tial "p 9 ! collection ( insane p]sons 9 ! area ( ,lubl91 ,pol&40 7,tr4 p4 #aijc47 ,he fur!r te/ifi$1 9 connection ) ?is ,lubl9 action1 t x mu/ h cont9u$ up to #aidd & t x 0 said t insane p]sons & ,jews 7 collect$ 9 ,lubl9 9 l>ge numb]s4 7,tr4 p4 #aijd47 ,! witness ,s*midt te/ifi$ t ,pr(essor ,br&t _h ! m$ical direction ( ! program1 & only 9 #aidd 0 he told t ,br&t _h left ! program4 7,tr4 p4 #ahbe47 ,he also knew t ,br&t play$ ! lead+ "p 9 ! task :i* _h to be accompli%$ 7,eu?anasia ,program71 t he 7,br&t7 0 to accompli% ?is task4 7,tr4 p4 #ahdg47 ,bo? witnesses1 ,s*midt & ,m5necke1 also te/ifi$ t ! *>t 7,,no-#bec1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cca71 :i* %[s ,br&t 9 ! c5t] ( ! program1 is correct4 7,tr4 pp4 #ahcc1 #ahgf47 ,! evid5ce %[s fur!r t ,br&t gave ord]s 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program z late z ,july #aidc4 ,9 a lett] f ! ,pati5ts ,transport ,corporation1 dat$ #bj ,july #aidc1 to ! ,m5tal ,in/itution ,hadam>--:i* 01 z docum5ts & te/imony %[1 an ext]m9ation /ation--! foll[+ s5t5ces are f\nd3 8,i ord] transf] ( insane p]sons to y\r in/itution also1 by ord] ( ,pr(essor ,br&t1 ! ,commission] ,g5]al ( ! ,fuehr] = ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vice4 ,y w get1 on #bf ,july #aidc1 #aej insane wom5 f ! ,m5tal ,in/itution ,w>/e9 if ! ,rei*sbahn w furni% ! necess>y c>s z reque/$40 7,,no-#hib1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ddb47 ,br&t 0 ! p]son :o _h to be approa*$ if "o 7 to save a *ild f eu?anasia4 ,9 a lett] f ! ,rei* ,committee = ,rese>* on ,h]$it>y & ,con/itutional ,sev]e ,diseases1 dat$ #af ,novemb] #aidc1 to ,dr4 ,s*midt's sanatorium1 ,ei*b]g 7z ! evid5ce %[s1 a kill+ /ation = defici5t *ildr571 we f9d ! s5t5ce3 8,on ! basis ( a lett] direct$ to ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t conc]n+ ! above m5tion$1 ,i reque/ an elaborat$ diagnosis ab\t ! m5tion$ ,anna ,gasse :o is report$ to be 9 y\r in/itution at pres5t40 ,& fur!r3 8,if f a m$ical po9t ( view su* a release is w>rant$1 "o c\ld take into consid]ation :e!r "o %\ld n p]haps comply ) su* a reque/ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! good reputation ( ! in/itution40 7,,no-#hij1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ddc47 ,t ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t 0 9 a position to issue in/ructions & assign tasks to insane asylums 9 ,g]many is fur!r corroborat$ by ! affidavit ( ! def5dant ,rose1 :o said t 9 #aidc ,br&t put an insane asylum 9 ,?ur+ia at 8 disposal & made arrangem5ts t ?is in/itution w\ld n be conv]t$ into a g5]al hospital2 & fur!r1 t 9 #aidd ,br&t made arrangem5ts = ! bett] fe$+ ( inmates ( ?is asylum 9 ord] to enable ,rose to proce$ ) 8 mal>ia !rapy4 7,tr4 p4 #agag47 ,if ?is /atem5t 9 itself has no?+ to d ) eu?anasia1 x %[s ! scope ( influ5ce & p[] ,br&t /ill comm&$ ov] insane asylums 9 #aidc & #aidd4 7,,no-#hgb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #djh47 ,accord+ to 8 own te/imony1 ,br&t 0 9 *>ge ( eu?anasia until #aidb4 7,tr4 p4 #bdcc2 ,tr4 p4 #becb47 ,!re is no pro(1 o!r ?an 8 own /atem5t1 t he resign$ 8 commission at t "t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! pro( has %[n t he 0 active 9 ?is field until "s "t 9 #aidd4 ,9 any ev5t1 ! program 0 crim9al 9 its inception4 ,! murd] ( conc5tration camp inmates pursuant to eu?anasia began z e>ly z #aidj4 ,non-,g]man nationals 7 includ$ 9 sub/antial numb]s4 ,heal?y ,jews 7 ext]m9at$ )\t exam9ation4 ,tra9$ kill]s f eu?anasia /ations 7 s5t to ! ,ea/ z e>ly z #aida to aid 9 ! mass murd] ( ,jews4 ,p]sons ^: only crime 0 physical inability to "w 7 subject$ to eu?anasia f ! v beg9n+4 ,inde$1 ! elim9ation ( 8useless eat]s0 0 ! pr9cipal rationale ( ! :ole program4 ,br&t /at$ t an ord] exi/$ :i* exempt$ non-,g]man nationals1 b he 0 unable to give any explanation z to h[ ?is ord] op]at$1 :o receiv$ x1 & :y1 if su* an ord] exi/$1 que/ionnaires = =eign nationals 7 fill$ out at all4 7,tr4 pp4 #bdii-bejc47 ,! evid5ce has %[n t non-,g]man nationals 7 nev] exempt$ & 7 kill$ 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,!re is no?+ to be said 9 mitigation = ,br&t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,aga9/ ,,def5dant ,,brack 99 99 99 99 99 ,moral & ,humanit>ian ,ju/ification ,9 ! brief aga9/ ,k>l ,br&t ! prosecution has summ>iz$ ! ov]:elm+ pro( t eu?anasia1 f> f be+ 8an act ( grace01 0 a measure to elim9ate 8useless eat]s0 & o!r 8undesirable0 p]sons4 ,brack himself1 :5 que/ion$ by ! ,tribunal1 0 unable to expla9 :y w> vet]ans ( ! ,fir/ ,_w ,w> 7#aiad-ah7 7 exempt$ f ?is 8act ( grace40 7,tr4 pp4 #gfej1 #gffd47 ,contr>iwise1 he c\ld n expla9 :y ?is grace 0 ext5d$ to insane crim9als1 irrespective ( ! l5g? ( "t !y _h sp5t 9 an insane asylum4 7,,no-#hbe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ceh47 ,brack p]sonally reprim&$ ,m5necke1 :o 0 an exp]t 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 on ! gr\nd t 8 exp]t op9ions 7 f> too s(t & did n recomm5d eu?anasia z (t5 z he desir$4 7,tr4 pp4 #ahha1 #aijg47 ,! s-call$ 8obs]vation /ations0 :]e ! pati5ts1 accord+ to ,brack's /atem5t1 7 exam9$ = sev]al weeks by exp]t doctors 7 no?+ b collect+ po9ts = ! victims4 7,tr4 pp4 #ahbb1 #ahgh1 #ahgi47 ,brack admitt$ t ! "w ( ,b9d+ & ,ho*e is consid]$ ! /&>d "w on eu?anasia4 7,tr4 p4 #gfcc47 ,?is "w leaves no d\bt t ! w to live1 ( ev5 ^? :o are mo/ s]i\sly ill1 suff] mo/ gravely1 & are ( lea/ use1 %\ld be fully respect$1 & t any au?ority = ! annihilation ( life is exclud$ 9 cases :]e ! w to live mu/ be brok54 7,,no-#bhic1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dif47 ,brack himself admitt$ t eu?anasia is inadmissible 9 cases :]e ! pati5t has ! w to live4 7,tr4 p4 #ggja47 ,! witness ,s*midt te/ifi$ t ! victims1 :o obvi\sly knew or suspect$ _! fate1 _h to be =c$ to ent] ! busses :i* took !m to ! ext]m9ation /ations4 7,tr4 pp4 #ahef1 #ahfa47 ,?is evid5ce is corroborat$ by docum5t>y pro(4 7,d-#ijf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgf47 ,:ile _m ( ^? victims may h be5 insane1 !y c]ta9ly did n lack ! w to live4 ,moreov]1 ,brack himself admitt$1 :5 que/ion$ by ! ,tribunal1 t ,b\hl] ord]$ t ! arrangem5ts = ! kill+ _h to be made 9 su* a way t ! pati5ts w\ld n realize :at 0 be+ done to !m4 7,tr4 p4 #gffj47 ,! gas *amb]s :]e ! victims 7 annihilat$ resembl$ %[] rooms4 7,tr4 p4 #gfei47 ,! pati5ts 7 deceiv$ into ?9k+ t !y 7 to take a %[] ba? &1 !re=e1 _h to undress4 7,tr4 pp4 #gfdd1 #gffj47 ,su* precautions w\ld c]ta9ly n h be5 necess>y if ! victims _h desir$ ! 8privilege ( a m]cy dea?40 ,action #ad f #acii 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ! te/imony ( ,brack & ,br&t z to ! numb] ( doctors :o 7 active 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program is correct1 x is cle> f ! record t all doctors active 9 ?is program collaborat$ 9 ,action #ad f #ac4 ,br&t e/imat$ ! numb] ( doctors :o 7 *>g$ ) ! execution ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program z #aj to #ae 7,tr4 p4 #bdgh71 ,brack1 z #ab to #ae4 7,tr4 p4 #gegc47 ,m5necke te/ifi$ t ab\t #ae doctors f ! ,eu?anasia ,program 7 commission$ to c>ry out ! 8exam9ations0 9 ! conc5tration camps4 7,tr4 p4 #ahia47 ,brack 0 unable to expla9 h[ x came ab\t t conc5tration camps inmates select$ 9 ,action #ad f #ac 7 kill$ 9 eu?anasia /ations4 7,tr4 p4 #geda47 99 99 99 99 99 ,legality 99 99 99 99 99 ,ev5 ,brack's own docum5ts reveal t he mis9=m$ ! legal au?orities ab\t ! legal situation 9 respect to ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,! m9i/]ial director 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice1 ,k>l ,eng]t1 /ates 9 8 affidavit 7:i*1 accord+ to ! def5se c\nsel ( ,brack1 is 8( great int]e/ because x %[s ! op9ion ( ! influ5tial juri/s on ?is "q073 8,brack's /atem5ts reassur$ me because1 accord+ to !m1 x 0 to be def9itely assum$ t a ,rei* law w\ld !n be enact$ 9 ! cu/om>y =m1 i4 e41 by publication 9 ! ,rei* ,law ,gazette4 ,i saw no reason :y any difficulties %\ld arise40 7,brack #cg1 ,brack ,ex4 #cg47 ,ne$less to say1 ,brack did n m5tion t ,hitl] _h refus$ to issue su* a law until aft] ! w>4 ,t ,brack 0 well aw>e ( ! fact t ! ,eu?anasia ,program 0 a crim9al "o is prov$ by 8 attempt to de/roy evid5ce prior to ! occupation ( ,g]many by ! ,allies4 ,! affidavit ( ,clauss5 proves t he s5t ! foll[+ teletype to ! comm&ant ( ! conc5tration camp at ,mau?aus5 7,,no-#bdbi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dih73 8,to ! ,conc5tration ,camp ,mau?aus51 ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,zi]eiss4 8,h>!im mu/ be de/roy$ imm$iately4 ,execution mu/ be report$ by ord] ( ! ,fuehr]4 ,sign$ ,,ob]fuehr] ,,brack0 ,brack admitt$ t ,h>!im 0 a eu?anasia /ation :]e ! victims ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program 7 kill$4 7,tr4 p4 #ggad47 ,g5]al ,ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews 99 99 99 99 99 ,t ! def5se ( ,brack is fabricat$ is prov$ by o!r evid5ce 9 ! record4 ,,ss judge1 ,dr4 ,morg51 :o inve/igat$ ! crim9al case ( ,wir?1 te/ifi$ be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal t :5 ,wir? took ov] ! mass ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews1 he 0 already a speciali/ 9 ! ext]m9ation ( human be+s4 ,he _h previ\sly c>ri$ out ! task ( annihilat+ ! insane4 ,he _h receiv$ ?is assignm5t f ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr]1 ,b\hl]'s (fice4 ,a sy/em :i* ,wir? _h devis$ 9 8 activities 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program made x possible to ext]m9ate l>ge numb]s ( p ) ! help ( only a few assi/ants4 ,! same sy/em1 ) a few improvem5ts1 0 employ$ = ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews4 ,wir?'s assignm5t = ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews came f ,b\hl]'s (fice1 f ! v (fice :]e ,brack 0 active4 ,morg5 inve/igat$ ,wir?'s mail & f\nd out t ! c\ri] :o br\ght ?is mail came f ! ,fuehr]'s ,*ancell]y1 ,ti]g>t5/rasse1 ! place :]e ! (fice ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program 0 locat$4 ,among ! p connect$ ) ?is ext]m9ation program1 ,morg5 rememb]s ,blank5burg1 ,brack's deputy4 7,,no-#bfad1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejd47 ,brack admitt$ t ,wir? 0 active 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 7,tr4 p4 #ggcc47 ,x may well be t ,morg5 />t$ 8 inve/igations 9 ,july #aidcajj b by ! affidavit ( ,gorgass1 x is prov$ t ,wir? receiv$ 8 assignm5t f ! 8,f\ndation01 "o ( ! cam\flag$ societies ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 z e>ly z ! summ] ( #aida4 7,,no-#cjaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejc47 ,?is evid5ce is fully corroborat$ by ! affidavit ( ,g]/e94 ,globocnik 0 9 *>ge ( ! ext]m9ation camps ne> ,lubl91 & ,wir? collaborat$ ) him 9 ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews4 ,! gas *amb]s 7 cam\flag$ z 8ba? & inhalation0 rooms & call$ 8,f\ndation0 ,heck5holt4 ,doctors' commissions t\r$ ! t[ns & villages ( ,pol& & ,cze*oslovakia 9 ord] to select p]sons = ext]m9ation4 7#aeec-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dbh47 ,brack :5 que/ion$ by ! ,tribunal1 admitt$ t ! gas *amb]s ( ! eu?anasia /ations :]e ! victims ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program 7 kill$ 7 cam\flag$ z 8%[] rooms04 7,tr4 p4 #gfei47 8,f\ndation0 0 "o ( ! code names "u :i* ! ,eu?anasia ,program op]at$4 7,,no-#cjaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejc47 ,! simil>ity betwe5 ! ext]m9ation arrangem5t 9 ! eu?anasia /ations & t us$ by ,globocnik & ,wir? is n co9cid5tal4 ,! pro( has %[n t ,brack himself advanc$ plans = ! mass ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] #aida ,brack _h a conf]5ce ) ,ei*mann f ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice ( ! ,,ss & ,wetzel ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry = ! ,occupi$ ,t]ritories on ! 8solution ( ! ,jewi% "q04 7,,no-#iig1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejf47 ,brack decl>$ himself ready to collaborate 9 ! manufacture ( ! necess>y gas *amb]s & gass+ app>atus = ! ext]m9ation ( all ,jews :o 7 unfit to "w4 ,s9ce ! manufacture ( ?is app>atus 0 easi] to accompli% 9 ! ,ea/1 ,brack agre$ to s5d "s ( 8 collaborators1 & especially 8 *emi/1 ,kallmey]1 !re = ?is purpose4 ,brack propos$ outright ext]m9ation ( all ,jews :o 7 unable to "w4 ,s9ce ,ei*mann1 :om ,hitl] _h *>g$ ) ! solution ( ! ,jewi% "q1 0 9 agreem5t ) ,brack's proposals1 no objection 0 voic$ aga9/ ! ext]m9ation ( ^? ,jews :o 7 unable to "w ) ! 8,brack rem$y04 7,,no-#cfe1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ejg47 ,kallmey] 0 ! te*nical exp]t on op]ation ( ! gas *amb]s 9 ! eu?anasia /ation4 7,tr4 p4 #ggdc47 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t ,eu?anasia ,position tak5 9 ! indictm5t 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! def5se ,! aim ( eu?anasia 0 to solve an old m$ical problem4 ,/atem5t ( ,k>l ,br&t accord+ to :i* ! subject ( 8useless eat]s0 0 nev] m5tion$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 pp4 #bcig1 #bdcd47 ,/atem5t ( ,s*midt accord+ to :i* ! e?ical po9ts ( view 7 /ress$ dur+ ! conf]5ce ( ! exp]ts 9 ,b]l91 #aida4 7,tr4 p4 #aheb47 ,/atem5t ( ,m5necke accord+ to :i* m$ical motives 7 giv5 at ! in=mative conf]5ce4 7,tr4 p4 #aijf47 ,/atem5t ( ,brack reg>d+ :at 0 involv$ 0 ! solution ( ! old m$ical problem4 7,tr4 p4 #gedd47 ,! e?ical aims ( ! eu?anasia plann$ c also be se5 f ! drafts ( a f9al bill ( law4 ,/atem5t ( ,lamm]s 9 :i* ! witness compil$ a draft accord+ to m$ical & e?ical po9ts ( view4 7,tr4 p4 #bfhc47 ,/atem5t ( ,brack /at+ t ,b\hl] work$ out a draft 9 coop]ation ) ,brack bas$ on sci5tific contributions4 ,! head+ 8,law relat+ to ! grant+ ( ultimate m$ical assi/ance to incurable p]sons0 %[s ! *>act]i/ic features ( ! law4 7,tr4 p4 #geha47 ,! peculi> individual attitude ( ,k>l ,br&t is ( an e?ical nature4 ,affidavit ( ,s*w]9-,krosigk1 accord+ to :i* ,pa/or ,bodels*w+h1 *ief ( ! m5tal in/itutions ( ,be!l1 decl>$ t ,k>l ,br&t _h /at$ 8 po9t ( view z reg>ds eu?anasia 9 a respectful way1 mak+ e all[ance = ! contr>y op9ion ( ,bodels*w+h4 7,k>l ,br&t #bf1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #hc47 ,affidavits ( ,pa/or ,wo]mann4 ,! witness1 successor ( ,pa/or ,bodels*w+h1 said t ,bodels*w+h _h told him ab\t ! ideali/ic attitude ( ,k>l ,br&t & said t ,k>l ,br&t _h support$ eu?anasia = ! fully ext9ct _s4 7,k>l ,br&t #bc1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ai47 ,affidavit ( ,rueggeb]g4 ,! witness report$ on a radio int]view ( ! ,london radio comm5tator ,rob]t ,graham ) ,pa/or ,bodels*w+h 9 ! summ] ( #aide4 ,bodels*w+h himself decl>$ !re t "o %\ld n consid] ,k>l ,br&t z a crim9al b z an ideali/4 7,k>l ,br&t #ai1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #af47 ,affidavit ( ,ra*4 ,accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ?is witness1 ,bodels*w+h visit$ ,k>l ,br&t at 8 h\se 9 ,b]l9 z late z ! summ] ( #aidc & sp5t an aft]noon !re 9 a fri5dly discussion4 7,k>l ,br&t #f1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #g47 ,susp5sion ( eu?anasia 9 ,augu/ #aida4 ,affidavit ( ,kir*]t4 ,accord+ to ?is /atem5t eu?anasia 0 /opp$ 9 ! summ] ( #aida al?\gh at t "t economic reasons _h become r m important ?an be=e4 ,! /atem5t ( ! prosecution admits ) c]ta9 limitations t eu?anasia _h be5 /opp$ 9 ,augu/ #aida4 7,k>l ,br&t #ah1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ae2 ,tr4 p4 #ageb47 ,special responsibility & p>ticipation ( ,k>l ,br&t4 ,! au?orization ( #a ,septemb] #aici 0 f\nd$ on a purely m$ical po9t ( view1 namely eu?anasia = incurable p]sons 8"u mo/ c>eful scrut9y ( _! /ate ( illness40 ,an economic or political motive z ! basis is !re) reject$4 ,! drafts = a law = fur!r implem5tation ( ! eu?anasia idea also %[ m$ical & e?ical motives4 ,! report %eets & memor&um slips 7 s5t to m5tal in/itutions only1 :i* proves t eu?anasia 0 practically re/rict$ to insane p]sons4 ,_h ! elim9ation ( 8useless eat]s0 be5 ! aim1 ?is re/riction w\ld h be5 mean+less = !re 7 8useless eat]s0 9 o!r places too 7nurs]y homes = cripples1 hospitals1 etc474 ,undesirable =eign]s 7 r>ely to be f\nd 9 m5tal in/itutions at ! />t ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program s9ce ali5s ent]$ ! area ( ! ,rei* only ) ! beg9n+ ( ! allocation ( =eign labor4 ,! susp5sion ( eu?anasia 9 ,augu/ #aida argues aga9/ ! int5tion to elim9ate 8useless eat]s01 = only f t "t on economic reasons ( t k9d acquir$ a c]ta9 importance4 ,! transf] ( sick p]sons by ord] ( ! ,rei* ,def5se ,commission] did n po9t to a special w> int]e/ b 0 an adm9i/rative & local measure 9 ord] to evade difficulties z reg>ds compet5ce4 ,! ,rei* ,def5se ,commission] 0 a new regional adm9i/rative (fice :i* made x possible to comb9e ! v>i\s (fices )\t reg>d to _! compet5cies = ! diff]5t tasks4 ,x seems possible t x 0 only a cam\flage4 ,! blank draft conta9s contradictions1 = accord+ to t draft ! director ( a m5tal in/itution gives directives to ! g5]al public prosecutor & ref]s to a decree ( ! ,rei* ,def5se ,commission]4 7,,no-#hda1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cfj47 ,! motive ( elim9ation ( 8useless eat]s0 appe>s only 9 ! subsequ5t /atem5ts ( ! ideological oppon5ts z a propag&a measure ( ! resi/ance movem5t :]e a symptom is pass$ (f z a motive4 ,at ! conf]5ces1 no economic reason 0 giv5 = ! eu?anasia measures2 b ?is 0 m5tion$ only z a second>y ph5om5on4 ,! attitude ( ,k>l ,br&t himself 0 prov$ by ! /atem5ts ( ,bodels*w+h z ! au?oritative lead] 9 matt]s ( m$ical & nurs]y treatm5t among conv9c$ ,*ri/ians4 ,bodels*w+h's attitude t[>ds ,k>l ,br&t w\ld be inconceivable if he _h en=c$ ! liquidation ( all undesirable sick p]sons4 7,k>l ,br&t #aae1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ia47 ,! /atem5t 9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal is subject to revision on ! gr\nds ( ! evid5ce mat]ial ( ?is trial4 ,legal ,f\ndation ( ,m$ical ,eu?anasia ,position tak5 9 ! indictm5t 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! def5se ,! au?orization ( #a ,septemb] #aici 0 a suffici5t legal basis4 7#fcj-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccj47 ,! =m ( ! au?orization 0 suffici5t4 ,! %eet ) ! gold5 eagle *os5 = t purpose %[s ! special importance ( ! au?orization4 ,no recipi5t 0 m5tion$ to :om ! au?orization 9 ! =m ( a lett] may h be5 address$4 7,tr4 p4 #bcif47 ,k>l ,br&t took "p 9 work+ out ! text by ins]t+ ! words 8"u ! mo/ c>eful scrut9y ( _! /ate ( illness40 ,/atem5t ( ,lamm]s1 exp]t 9 con/itutional law4 7,tr4 p4 #bfgh-i47 ,accord+ to t docum5t ! =m *os5 0 n usual1 b su* violation did occur & flaws 7 adju/$4 ,hitl] did n c>e ab\t ! =m4 ,/atem5t ( ,lamm]s1 /at+ t ,hitl] z ! ,fuehr] 0 au?oriz$ to alt] ! =m3 8,i ?\ght him au?oriz$ to d su* ?+s40 ,ap>t f ! =m ( ! au?orization :i* is on h& "h1 !re exi/$ /ill ano!r v]sion4 7,tr4 p4 #bfhf47 ,/atem5t ( ,pfannmuell]4 ,accord+ to ?is docum5t1 ! au?orization conta9$ ! passage3 8,to ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior40 ,! docum5t 0 ( a diff]5t =m f ! au?orization 9 "q4 7,tr4 p4 #gcfb47 ,affidavit ( ,kir*]t4 ,grawitz told ! witness t !re exi/$ an au?orization ) ! additional signature ( ,go]+ z ! ,*airman ( ! ,rei* ,def5se ,c\ncil4 7,k>l ,br&t #ah1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ae47 ,/atem5t ( ,m5necke4 ,at ! conf]5ce 9 #aidj ! law 0 read ^w by ^w4 7,tr4 p4 #aiba47 ,file note ( ! ,gauleitung ( ,franconia dat$ #a ,april #aidj1 8,! ,fuehr] gave ! ord]1 ! law is made40 7,d-#ijf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgf47 ,publication ( ! au?orization 0 n necess>y = its com+ into =ce4 ,/atem5t ( ,lamm]s says t !re exi/$ legal provisions :i* _h n be5 publi%$4 7,tr4 p4 #bfhi47 ,affidavit ( ! ,regional ,bi%op ,wurm4 ,conti told ! witness t !re exi/$ a law t _h n be5 publi%$ = political reasons4 7,k>l ,br&t #be1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #hb47 ,! obligation ( secrecy does n prove ! illegality ( eu?anasia4 ,/atem5t ( ,brack4 ,! (fices 7 in=m$4 ,! decree ( #a ,septemb] #aici 0 transmitt$ to ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice on #bg ,augu/ #aidj1 accord+ to 8 special wi%1 b he _h be5 in=m$ ( x e>li]4 7,tr4 p4 #gfhi47 ,/atem5t ( ,pfannmuell]4 ,! witness /ates t ! obligation ( secrecy 0 usual4 8,i 0 b\nd to keep ,rei* matt]s secret4 ,i 0 b\nd ) reg>d to ! ,rei* ,p5al ,code40 7,tr4 pp4 #gcdc1 #gcig47 ,/atem5t ( ,s*midt4 ,! witness says t an ord9>y obligation ( secrecy =m 0 sign$ )\t a special ?reat ( puni%m5t4 ,cam\flage4 ,files ( ! ,gauleitung ( ,franconia conc]n+ correspond5ce ) ,m>ie ,kehr4 ,accord+ to ?is1 in/ructions 7 giv5 aft] !y 7 conv9c$ ( h] good s5se4 7,d-#ijf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgf47 ,book ( ,meltz]3 8,! ,problem ( ,abbreviation ( ,wor?less ,lives40 ,accord+ to a /ati/ical summ>y1 on ! :ole1 relatives ( ! m5tally diseas$ d n wi% to be in=m$4 7,k>l ,br&t #he1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #id47 ,recognition ( ! ,decree4 ,! po9t ( view ( ,g]man lit]ature & ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice does n consid] ! pres5t /ate ( con/itutional law4 ,aft] tak+ cognizance ( ! decree1 all au?orities ackn[l$g$ x z ! legal basis4 ,te/imony ( ,lamm]s4 8,! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice ,gu]tn] consid]$ ?is regulation legal & /opp$ ! p5d+ actions40 7,tr4 p4 #bfhf47 ,te/imony ( ,brack4 ,gu]tn]1 ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice1 decl>$ t ! decree 0 n to be d\bt$4 7,tr4 p4 #geij47 ,extract f ! p]iodical 8,g]man ,law0 ,deuts*e ,ju/iz #aida4 ,transf] ( ! supreme (ficials ( ! ,ju/ice ,dep>tm5t 9 ,b]l9 on #bc & #bd ,april #aida4 ,accord+ to ?is1 photo/atic copies ( ! decree ( #a ,septemb] #aici 7 deliv]$ to all p>ticipators & its legality ackn[l$g$ by !m4 7,brack #cf1 ,brack ,ex4 #cf47 ,affidavit ( ,su*omel4 ,?is witness errone\sly places ! date ( ! conf]5ce 9 ! #b;d half ( ! ye> #aidb4 ,t means "s "t aft] ! /oppage4 7,,no-#bbec1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eeg47 ,lett] ( #ae ,july #aidj ( ! ,g5]al ,prosecutor ( ,/uttg>t to ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice conta9+ a report conc]n+ illegal eu?anasia4 ,! foll[+ rem>k is made on ! lett] by ! dep>tm5t *ief ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice3 8,!re is no?+ to be ord]$40 7,,no-#aef1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #d47 ,s*lai* to ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice on #f ,septemb] #aidj--,no?+ has be5 attempt$4 7,,no-#ebj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgd47 ,te/imony ( ,s*midt4 ,! witness /ates t dur+ a conf]5ce ( juri/s 9 ,b]l9 #aida ! action 0 decl>$ legal4 ,?is ref]s to ! conf]5ce m5tion$ above1 z x 0 m5tion$ 9 ,docum5t ,brack #cf1 ,brack ,exhibit #cf4 7,tr4 p4 #aheb47 ,prelim9>y ,conf]5ce4 ,k>l ,br&t did n take "p 9 ! prelim9>y conf]5ce4 ,te/imony ( ,k>l ,br&t4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,k>l ,br&t 0 invit$ unexpect$ly1 because he 0 available z an att5dant-physician1 :5 ! conf]5ce ) ,b\hl] took place4 ,he 0 un9=m$ be=e ?is4 ,prelim9>y conf]5ces conc]n+ eu?anasia took place betwe5 ,hitl] & ,b\hl]1 ,hitl] & ,conti4 ,te/imony ( ,lamm]s4 ,accord+ to ?is1 dur+ a conf]5ce 9 ! autumn ( #aici 9 ! pres5ce ( ,lamm]s1 a commission 0 giv5 to ,conti to />t eu?anasia4 7,tr4 p4 #bffh47 ,te/imony ( ,lamm]s4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,b\hl] decl>$ t ,hitl] want$ to give him ! commission to c>ry out eu?anasia4 7,tr4 p4 #bffi47 ,te/imony ( ,brack4 ,accord+ to ?is a rivalry exi/$ betwe5 ,b\hl] & ,frick1 ,conti & ,bormann1 conc]n+ ! commission4 ,b\hl] w5t to ,hitl] & said he w\ld cons5t to accept ! commission4 ,b\hl] receiv$ ! commission4 7,tr4 p4 #geef47 ,p>ticul> responsibility & p>ticipation ( ,k>l ,br&t4 ,accord+ to ! exi/+ conditions ( con/itutional law1 ! decree ( #a ,septemb] #aici 0 to be look$ ^u z a legal ord]1 & ,k>l ,br&t1 9 8 capacity z a physician1 c\ld rely on ! organizations ( ! /ate & ! op9ions ( ! juri/s4 ,! belat$ objection to ! decree today is n made because ( its ext]nal =m1 b 9 reality because ( its cont5ts4 ,! circum/ance t no publication ( ! decree took place 0 expla9$ ) politically intelligible reasons1 correspond+ to simil> regulations issu$ = o!r measures4 ,! obligation ( secrecy corresponds ) ! g5]al regulations ( ! adm9i/ration2 a w>n+ ) ref]5ce to ! regulations ( p5al law 0 usual4 ,! s-call$ 8dea? ?reat0 is an exagg]ation )\t any s5se2 accord+ to practice1 a ref]5ce to p5al regulations conc]n+ ! revelation ( secret matt]s _h to be made :]e capital puni%m5t 0 provid$ z ! sev]e/ puni%m5t 9 ! ,rei* ,p5al ,code4 ,! opposition ( all ! p]sons int]e/$ 9 ! proc$ure 0 direct$ aga9/ ! cam\flage ( measures1 ) its inevitable consequ5ces1 ! e/abli%m5t ( %am (fices1 ! draw+-up ( false dea? c]tificates1 false in=mation = ! relations4 ,k>l ,br&t accept$ ^! regulations because !y 7 ! necess>y consequ5ce ( ! consid]ation n to di/urb ! "p ( ! population involv$4 ,nei!r ! pati5t nor 8 relatives 7 to be al>m$1 & ! relatives _h to be releas$ f _! feel+ ( responsibility4 ,?is motive is express$ 9 ! correspond5ce conc]n+ ,m>ie ,kehr1 :]e ! prop] in=mation 0 giv5 & s]v$ z reassurance & w>rant$ an expectation ( und]/&+4 ,k>l ,br&t did n p>take 9 ! organization ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,8 connection ) x1 z an exp]t advis] = ,hitl]1 is due only to ! accid5t t he 0 9 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,fuehr]4 ,he receiv$ only a limit$ commission comp>$ ) ,rei*sleit] ,b\hl]1 :o1 accord+ to 8 own (f]1 0 *>g$ ) ! execution ( ?is task4 ,organization ,position tak5 9 ! indictm5t 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! def5se ,k>l ,br&t 0 n ! lead+ p]son1 ,b\hl] 0 ! head ( ! organization4 ,9 ! decree ( #a ,septemb] #aici ,k>l ,br&t is li/$ 9 second place1 aft] ,b\hl] :o _h ! rank ( a ,rei* ,m9i/]4 ,! indictm5t d5otes ,b\hl] z ! *ief ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #aeca47 ,b\hl]'s lett] to ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice ( #e ,septemb] #aidj4 8,on ! au?ority ( ! ,fuehr] & z ! only responsible p]son = all measures to be c>ri$ into effect1 ,i h giv5 ! ord]s :i* seem$ necess>y to me to my collaborators40 7,,no-#aef1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #d;a & #d;b47 ,affidavit ( ,lamm]s 7supplem5t74 ,! witness c]tifies z ,b\hl]'s ! signature on ! docum5ts m5tion$ above4 7,k>l ,br&t #ib1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #hf47 ,lett] f ,bormann s5t to ! ,gauleitung ( ,franconia4 ,"h1 too1 ,b\hl] is quot$ z ! ,*ief ( ! ,committee ( ,physicians4 7,d-#ijf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgf47 ,te/imony ( ,lamm]s1 accord+ to :i* ,k>l ,br&t nev] appe>$ be=e ,lamm]s2 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice also2 ,b\hl] 0 ! only p]son :o made an appe>ance4 7,tr4 p4 #bfgb-c47 ,affidavit ( ,kir*]t4 ,! witness _h a conf]5ce ) ,grawitz1 :o want$ to int]e/ him 9 ! use ( eu?anasia4 ,grawitz decl>$ to ! witness t ,b\hl] 0 *>g$ ) eu?anasia4 ,to him ,k>l ,br&t _h nev] be5 m5tion$4 7,k>l ,br&t #ah1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ae47 ,affidavit ( ,pr9ce ( ,hesse 7supplem5t74 ,! witness decl>es t he prote/$ to ,hitl] & ,b\hl] because ( ! eu?anasia project4 ,k>l ,br&t _h n be5 call$ 9 at t "t1 ?\gh he c\ld h be5 rea*$ at once 9 ! ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s4 ,! witness is conv9c$ t ,k>l ,br&t 0 n connect$ ) ! matt] 9 a decisive way4 7,k>l ,br&t #aae1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ia47 ,/atem5t ( ,m5necke4 ,! witness has nev] se5 ,k>l ,br&t1 nor did he receive any ord] f him2 he only kn[s ! position ( ,k>l ,br&t )9 ! framework ( ! eu?anasia project f he>say4 7,tr4 pp4 #aijc-e47 ,/atem5t ( ,s*midt4 ,! witness did n "k ,k>l ,br&t & did n see any ord] sign$ by him4 ,he only kn[s by he>say f ,heg5] t ,k>l ,br&t 80 suppos$ to be ! m$ical *ief0 9 #aida4 ,9 #aidd ! witness le>n$ t ,k>l ,br&t 0 no long] involv$1 b c\ld n /ate if he _h /ill any influ5ce 9 #aidb & #aidc4 7,tr4 pp4 #aheg-h47 ,k>l ,br&t _h no adm9i/rative organization ( 8 own4 ,g5]al items ,new plan ( organization by ,brack4 7,k>l ,br&t #h1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #c2 ,k>l ,br&t #ae1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #c47 ,te/imony ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #bdjc47 ,affidavit ( ,brack4 7,tr4 p4 #geej47 ,judgm5t ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal#aja accord+ to :i* ,frick1 z ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 is made responsible = ! c>ry+ out ( ! eu?anasia project4 ,direct correspond5ce ( ! ,b\hl] (fice ) ! compet5t au?orities prove t ,k>l ,br&t 0 n involv$3 ,lett] f ,brack to ,s*legelb]g]4 7,,no-#hdb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dje47 ,lett] f ,brack to ,freisl]4 7,,no-#hdc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #djf47 ,lett] f ,himml] to ,brack4 7,,no-#jah1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #djd47 ,compla9ts ( ! national & ecclesia/ical au?orities & ( civilians did n rea* ,k>l ,br&t4 ,compla9t by ,s*lai*1 ,*ief ( ! ,m5tal ,in/itution ( ,/ett54 ,?is director :o work$ 9 ?is specializ$ field does n "k any?+ ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,,no-#ebj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgd47 ,affidavit ( ,sprau] ( #bc ,april #aidf4 ,! witness does n m5tion ,k>l ,br&t 9 ?is affidavit4 7#chif-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgb47 7,only 9 a lat] affidavit ( #ai ,novemb] #aidf1 does he add a p]t95t1 g5]al /atem5t47 ,actual compla9ts are transf]r$ by ! m9i/ries to ! ,b\hl] (fice1 n to ,k>l ,br&t4 7#faf-,,ps1 ,pros1 ,ex4 #djc47 ,specific examples4 ,/atem5t ( ,pfannmuell]1 accord+ to :i* ! invitation = ! exp]ts' conf]5ce 0 made by ,b\hl]4 7,tr4 p4 #gcaf47 ,/atem5t ( ,pfannmuell]4 ,b\hl] took ! *air 9 ! second conf]5ce 9 ,b]l92 ,k>l ,br&t 0 n pres5t4 7,tr4 p4 #gcei47 ,/atem5t ( ,brack1 accord+ to :i* ,k>l ,br&t made no spee*es on problems ( eu?anasia1 & he 0 n expect$ to d s4 7,tr4 p4 #gehh47 ,?is is confirm$ by ! te/imony ( ,blome4 ,/atem5t ( ,m5necke1 accord+ to :i* ,brack 0 *airman ( ! conf]5ce 9 ,febru>y #aidj4 7,tr4 p4 #ahfi47 ,/atem5t ( ,s*midt4 ,k>l ,br&t also 0 n pres5t at ! conf]5ce 9 ,febru>y #aida1 b !re 7 pres5t repres5tatives ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior & ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice4 7,tr4 p4 #ahai47 ,/atem5t ( ,pfannmuell]1 accord+ to :i* ! exp]ts 7 appo9t$ by ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 7,tr4 p4 #gcgg47 ,/atem5t ( ,brack1 accord+ to :i* ! physicians 7 *os5 by ,l9d5 & ,grawitz4 7,tr4 pp4 #ggjc1 #ggje47 ,affidavit ( ,kneissl]1 accord+ to :i* ! p]sons 9 *>ge ( eu?anasia 7 in/ruct$ by ,blank5burg ( ! ,b\hl] (fice4 7,,no-#dgj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccb47 ,k>l ,br&t 0 n m5tion$4 ,affidavit ( ,sprau]1 accord+ to :i* ! m5tal in/itutions 7 "u ! control ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 7#chif-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgb47 ,answ]+ a compla9t ( ,sprau]1 ,conti /at$3 8,t is ! bus9ess ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior40 ,affidavit ( ,jordans4 7#chhb-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cga47 ,also confirms t ! m5tal in/itutions 7 "u ! control ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,! ord] = evacuation f ,w>/e9 to ,hadam> 0 n giv5 at ! sugge/ion ( ! ,rei* ,def5se ,commission] or = 8sy/ematic regi/ration01 b ) reg>d to ! air raid dang]4 7,,no-#hib1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ddb47 ,k>l ,br&t 0 a memb] ( ! committee = air raid damage1 & x 0 8 special task )9 ?is committee to allot ! space available 9 hospitals fairly4 ,! ord] 0 giv5 9 #aidb1 aft] ! great air raids 9 ! area ( ,cologne & ! indu/rial areas4 ,x ref]s to an in/itution 9 ! int]ior ( ,we/phalia :i* 0 consid]$ z a reception di/rict at t "t2 ! eu?anasia facilities at ,hadam> 7 remov$ & ! in/itution 0 return$ to ! =m] own]4 7,see indictm5t 9 ! ,hadam> ,trial4#ajb7 ,affidavit ( ,/e9bre*]4 7,k>l ,br&t #hd1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #hg47 ,! activity ( ,k>l ,br&t on occasion ( ! removal ( ! m5tal in/itution f ,du]5 %[s t ,k>l ,br&t 0 n engag$ z *ief ( ! m5tal in/itutions1 b 9 advisory capacity beside ! compet5t au?ority1 because he _h influ5ce & 0 *>g$ ) a special task 9 ! field ( air raid protection1 9 view ( 8 g5]al allocation tasks4 ,"h ,k>l ,br&t 0 able to help directly on acc\nt ( 8 special tasks connect$ ) ! ,committee = ,air ,raid ,damage4 ,/atem5t ( ,rose4 7,tr4 p4 #fcfb47 ,op9ion ( ! witness z to affidavit1 ,,no-#hgb1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #djh4 ,f ?is x is se5 t ,k>l ,br&t "h did n h *>ge ( ! pati5ts1 b 0 to endeavor ) ! o!r au?orities to h ! in/itution plac$ at 8 disposal4 ,real ,position ( ,k>l ,br&t4 ,! position ( ,k>l ,br&t )9 ! framework ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program 0 limit$4 ,/atem5t ( ,k>l ,br&t1 accord+ to :i* x 0 8 task to in=m ,hitl] & to lic5se physicians ( ! eu?anasia in/itutions accord+ to ! decree on ! basis ( p]sonal responsibility ( ! physicians4 7,tr4 p4 #bdjh47 ,/atem5t ( ,brack4 ,! witness says t ,k>l ,br&t _h no?+ to d ) ! c>ry+ out ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 8= he 0 ! delegate ( ,hitl]04 7,tr4 p4 #gega47 ,he _h no (fice at ,ti]g>t5/rasse #d1 & to ! k ( ,brack1 he 0 nev] 9 ! (fice 8,t #d04 ,affidavit ( ,re9h>dt4 7,k>l ,br&t #e1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #f47 ,! witness 0 occupi$ z an auditor 9 ! (fice ( ,k>l ,br&t1 & he /ates t 9 ?is capacity he did n f9d 9 ! (fice ( ,k>l ,br&t any acc\nts or items ) entries ref]r+ to eu?anasia4 ,affidavit ( ,s*aub1 accord+ to :i* ,k>l ,br&t 0 b\nd to ! ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s & to ,hitl] & ?us 0 n able to make any inspections4 7,k>l ,br&t #hj1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ih47 ,affidavit ( ,ra*4 7,k>l ,br&t #f1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #g47 ,! witness confirms ! connection ( ,k>l ,br&t ) ! ,fuehr] ,headqu>t]s & ) ! cl9ic 9 ,b]l94 ,execution ,position tak5 9 ! indictm5t 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! def5se ,"t4 ,! practice 7( eu?anasia7 by virtue ( ! au?orization />t$ at ! beg9n+ ( #aidj & la/$ until ,augu/ #aida1 :5 x 0 /opp$4 ,/atem5t ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #bdca47 ,/atem5t ( ,brack4 7,tr4 p4 #gedc47 ,accord+ to bo? /atem5ts1 ! practice 0 susp5d$ because ( an oral ord] by ,hitl] to ,k>l ,br&t4 7,oral ord] ( susp5sion 0 suffici5t1 s9ce ! legal ord9ance itself 0 n revok$1 because 9 pr9ciple eu?anasia 0 suppos$ to be cont9u$ aft] ! w>4 ,cont9uation ( ! ,rei* ,committee = ,*ildr547 ,susp5sion ( eu?anasia is confirm$ ?r\gh ! foll[+ depositions3 ,/atem5t by ,blome4 7,tr4 p4 #dfec47 ,/atem5t by ,pfannmuell]4 7,tr4 p4 #gcdh47 ,/atem5t by ,dr4 ,s*midt4 7,tr4 p4 #ahbc47 ,/atem5t by ,dr4 ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #ahgi47 ,accord+ to ^! te/imonies1 eu?anasia 0 discont9u$ 9 ,hadam> 9 ,augu/ #aida & ! gas *amb]s remov$4 7,see record ( ,hadam> ,trial1 especially indictm5t#ajc47 ,! witnesses say fur!r t eu?anasia 0 no long] practic$ at ,ei*b]g ei!r4 ,affidavit ( ,ir5e ,asam-,bruckmuell]4 ,! witness confirms susp5sion 9 ,ansba*2 %e places ?is 9 ! ye> #aidb4 7#chfe-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cfe47 ,affidavit ( ,jordans4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! witness le>n$ 9 ,m>* #aidb t !re _h be5 a eu?anasia program 9 o!r in/itutions1 too1 :i* n[ _h be5 discont9u$4 7#chhb-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cga47 ,kir*]t affidavit4 ,accord+ to ?is1 susp5sion occurr$ 9 ! summ] ( #aida4 7,k>l ,br&t #ah1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ae47 ,m5necke correspond5ce4 ,! witness writes on #ae ,june #aidb ( 8re-comm5cem5t0 ( eu?anasia4 7,,no-#ijg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dab47 ,numb] ( dead4 ,/atem5t by ,k>l ,br&t on ! numb] ( insane fall+ "u ! au?orization ( #a ,septemb] #aici4 7,tr4 p4 #bdfe47 ,brack e/imates !m at #ej1jjj to #fj1jjj4 7,tr4 p4 #gfaj47 ,pfannmuell] /atem5t4 ,! numb] ( report =ms :i* 7 made out does n equal ! numb] ( p]sons m>k$ = eu?anasia4 ,?is numb] conta9s only a fairly small p]c5tage ( p]sons1 :o 7 judg$ eligible = eu?anasia4 7,tr4 p4 #gchd47 ,regi/ration by report =ms4 ,9 g5]al4 ,/atem5t by ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #bdja47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,k>l ,br&t did n assi/ 9 draw+ up ! report =ms4 ,!y 7 draft$ by ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior 7,l9d574 ,pfannmuell] /atem5t4 7,tr4 p4 #gcbb47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! directives 7 work$ out z a result ( ! conf]5ce ( exp]ts at :i* ,k>l ,br&t 0 n pres5t4 ,9 detail4 ,pfannmuell] /atem5t4 7,tr4 p4 #gcbd47 ,accord+ to ?is1 no p]sons incapable ( "w 7 suppos$ to be regi/]$1 b only ! insane1 ) :om ! inability to "w 0 a special *>act]i/ic ( _! diseas$ /ate4 ,wesse ,affidavit 79 lieu ( cross-exam9ation74 7,,no-#abi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aje47 ,/atem5t ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #bdfe47 ,accord+ to ,k>l ,br&t1 ! regi/ration ( ,jews1 =eign]s1 & w> w\nd$ 0 presumably c>ri$ out = /ati/ical reasons4 ,/atem5t ( ,brack4 7,tr4 pp4 #geif-h47 ,accord+ to ,brack ! op9ion ( ,k>l ,br&t ab\t ! reasons = ! inclusion ( ! above-m5tion$ "q is false & is bas$ on 8lack ( pr(essional k0 by ,k>l ,br&t4 ,brack says t ! que/ions 7 includ$ only = ! purpose ( conceal+ ! practice ( eu?anasia 9 ! sanatoriums & nurs+ homes1 f _! p]sonnel & _! pati5ts1 & to veil ! true purpose ( ! que/ionnaire4 7,= ! same reason ! purpose ( ! transf] 0 giv5 out z 8plann$ economic regi/ration407 ,ros5au affidavit ab\t cam\flag+ purpose ( ! report =ms4 7,k>l ,br&t #acj1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ajf47 ,lett] conc]n+ ! regi/ration ( workh\ses4 7,,no-#gha1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgi47 ,n ! old & disabl$ are regi/]$1 b only ^? cases ( insanity t c no long] be treat$4 ,brack /atem5t4 7,tr4 p4 #geii47 ,=eign]s 7 sort$ out 9 ,t #d4 ,brack /atem5t4 7,tr4 p4 #geic47 ,accord+ to ?is1 =eign]s 7 exempt f eu?anasia4 ,!y 7 scre5$ 9 ! c5tral (fice ,t #d4 ,if s+le %eets = appraisal possibly w5t fur!r1 !n ?is 0 because ( incorrect transmission4 ,w\nd$ vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,i1 j l ,jews1 7 scre5$ at ! c5tral (fice ,t #d4 ,report =ms 7 made out = ,jews1 b !y 7 n regi/]$ = ! eu?anasia proc$ure4 ,classification proc$ure4 ,! accompli%m5t ( ! classification proc$ure 0 gu>ante$ by ! *oice ( ! apprais]s4 ,/atem5t by ,pfannmuell]4 7,tr4 p4 #gcgg47 ,accord+ to ?is1 pr(essional p]sons ( prov5 ability 7 designat$ by ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior4 ,/atem5t by ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #abid47 ,accord+ to ?is1 univ]sity pr(essors lectur+ on psy*iatry at colleges 7 appo9t$ z apprais]s4 ,! appraisal 0 prec$$ by an exam9ation ( ! pati5t4 ,aft] ! appraisal a re-exam9ation 0 made 9 obs]vation in/itutions & 9 ! eu?anasia in/itutions4 ,accord+ to ! s*$ul$ proc$ure special commissions 7 appo9t$ to exam9e ! insane 9 nurs+ homes4 ,affidavit ( ,ir5e ,asam-,bruckmuell]4 ,!n came a commission :i* /udi$ ! case hi/ories2 among !m 7 two physicians2 ! commission 0 9 ! in/itution = ?ree days2 aft] ?ree mon?s ! transf] 0 effect$4 7#chfe-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cfe47 ,granz] affidavit4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aidj !re 0 a commission ( #dj p]sons2 all case hi/ories 7 ask$ = & a conf]5ce ) ! local /aff physicians foll[$4 ,an inspection ( ! pati5ts 0 held4 7#chfg-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cfi47 ,sellm] report ( #f ,decemb] #aidj1 ,gauleit]'s (fice1 ,franconia4 ,accord+ to ?is a commission came & exam9$ ! files & inspect$ ! pati5ts4 7,d-#ijf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgf47 ,decision ( ! commission 0 bas$ on ! docum5ts ( ! in/itution4 7,,no-#ffj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgg47 ,pfannmuell] /atem5t4 ,he recalls t a commission came 9 #aidj4 7,tr4 p4 #gcbe47 ,fur!r re-exam9ation took place 9 ! obs]vation & eu?anasia in/itutions4 ,! physicians 7 au?oriz$ & oblig$ to judge ! pati5ts on _! own responsibility4 ,on an av]age #d p]c5t to #f p]c5t 7 reject$4 ,kneissl] affidavit4 ,witness says t individual p]sons 7 reject$4 7,,no-#dgj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccb47 ,x appe>s f ! reports t individual pati5ts 7 s5t back4 7,d-#ijf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgf47 ,transf] ( pati5ts4 ,ord] ( transf]4 ,/atem5t by ,k>l ,br&t4 8,op]ation ,br&t0 has no?+ to d ) ! transf]4 ,?r\gh inquiries at sanatoriums & nurs+ homes1 special ,k>l ,br&t project conc]n+ eu?anasia ord]4 ,accord+ to ?is inquiry ! hospitals ( ! special ,br&t project accept$ pati5ts f areas endang]$ by air raids z evacuation hospitals4 ,! transf] :i* became necess>y _h no connection ) eu?anasia4 7,k>l ,br&t #hf1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #hh47 ,s*nelle affidavit4 ,accord+ to ?is 8,op]ation ,br&t0 meant ! removal ( pati5ts & *ronic suff]]s to m$ic9al ba?s4 7,k>l ,br&t #ba1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ag47 ,mies5 affidavit4 ,accord+ to ?is ,k>l ,br&t *>g$ !m ) ! manufacture ( ambulances :i* 7 !n lack+4 7,f ?is x appe>s t up to t "t o!r means ( transportation _h to be us$1 among o!rs ! ,r$ ,cross1 etc41 & also ! ,g5]al ,sick ,transport ,company1 :i* _h likewise be5 us$ = transport purposes 9 ! battle zones ( ! ,ea/47 ,comp>e also ! widely popul> expression 8,op]ation ,br&t0 9 purely economic fields4 7,k>l ,br&t #bh4ajd7 ,s*ieb] affidavit4 7,k>l ,br&t #bb1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ah47 ,grabe affidavit4 7,k>l ,br&t #hf1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #hh47 ,kehrl affidavit4 7,k>l ,br&t #ij1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #hi47 ,ord] ( transf] ?r\gh o!r ag5cies4 ,collective transport ( ,jews takes place "u ! ref]5ce ( 8,initial ,decree ( ! ,/ate ,bav>ian ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior 9 ,muni*40 7,,no-#aada1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cdh47 ,collective transport ( ,ea/]n work]s ord]$ by ! ,ob]praesid5t ?r\gh ,b]notat4 7,,no-#hia1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dad47 ,transf] ?r\gh ,muni* ,bav>ian ,/ate ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior4 7,,no-#aacb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cda47 ,transf] ?r\gh ! ,prov9ce ,gov]nor ( ,milit>y ,di/rict ,,iii4 7,,no-#aacc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cce47 ,transf] ?r\gh ,milit>y ,di/rict ,,iii4 7,,no-#hbf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cef47 ,transf] ?r\gh ,muni* ,m9i/ry4 7,d-#ijf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgf47 ,motives = ! transf]4 ,! transf] f in/itutions 0 effect$ = v>i\s reasons z a result ( w>time conditions1 su* z evacuation ( di/ricts endang]$ by air raids1 evacuation on acc\nt ( proximity to ! front & evacuation "u consid]ation ( inn] displacem5ts4 ,ganz] affidavit4 7#chbg-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cfi47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! evacuations became frequ5t on acc\nt ( w>time conditions & x 0 n easily app>5t to ! outsid] :y !y 7 effect$4 ,! evacuation f ,w>/e9 to ,hadam>1 :]e ref]5ce is made to an ord] by ,k>l ,br&t1 c\ld n h tak5 place on acc\nt ( eu?anasia1 z ,hadam> at ?is "t _h discont9u$ eu?anasia4 ,! *ange 0 made = reasons ( air raid precaution4 ,c>ry+ out ( ! evacuation4 ,/atem5t ( ,k>l ,br&t4 ,! evacuation 0 c>ri$ out by ! ,coop]ative ,ambulance ,company ?r\gh ,(fice ,t #d1 :i* 0 n subord9ate to ,k>l ,br&t4 ,! ,coop]ative ,ambulance ,company 0 n employ$ = eu?anasia transports alone4 ,:5ev] x 0 us$1 ! acc\nt 0 r5d]$ ?r\gh ! cle>+ (fice :i* settl$ ! matt] c5trally4 ,affidavit by ,s*ieb] on procurem5t ( lack+ ambulance space ?r\gh ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 7,k>l ,br&t #bb1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ah47 ,affidavit by ,mies54 7,k>l ,br&t #bh4aje7 ,/atem5t ( ,m5necke on ! assignm5t ( ! ,coop]ative ,ambulance ,company1 #aida-db1 9 ! ,ea/4 ,deportation ( ,jews4 ,"h a sep>ation ( ! ,jews accord+ to nationality is c>ri$ out4 ,poles & ,jews f ,bohemia & ,moravia %all n be transf]r$ because !y d n belong to ! area ( ! transport4 ,?is %[s t ! aim ( ! deportation 0 n eu?anasia1 because sep>ation accord+ to nationality w\ld h be5 s5seless4 7,,no-#acaj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccg47 ,affidavit by ,s*nidtmann4 ,he expresses 8 op9ion on ! transf] ( work]s f ! ,ea/ on #ah ,septemb] #aidd2 !y are to be return$ to _! home in/itutions4 ,?is w\ld h be5 sup]flu\s 9 ! case ( int5d$ eu?anasia4 7,,no-#gbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cff47 ,affidavit by ,ros5au4 7,k>l ,br&t #acj1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ajf47 ,reasons = eu?anasia4 ,eu?anasia 0 br\ght ab\t on ! basis ( an au?orization giv5 to ! directors ( ! eu?anasia in/itutions on #a ,septemb] #aici4 ,?is au?orization 0 no ord] to c>ry out eu?anasia b m]ely gave p]mission to arrange = eu?anasia aft] exam9ation bas$ on a critical judgm5t ( ! condition ( ! illness4 ,consequ5tly1 doctors act$ on _! own responsibility4 ,! means = ! execution ( eu?anasia4 ,/atem5t ( ,brack4 ,accord+ to ?is /atem5t1 c>bon monoxide 7,,co7 0 us$ z a means4 ,?is is sci5tifically prov$ to be ! lea/ pa9ful mann] ( dea?4 ,! use ( o!r me?ods proves t su* an execution ( eu?anasia does n con=m ) ! int5d$ proc$ure1 b is c>ri$ out on p]sonal initiative4 7,tr4 p4 #ggdc47 ,/atem5t ( ,rose4 7,tr4 p4 #fcfc47 ,op9ion on ! r$uction ( food 9 m$ical in/itutions4 7,,no-#hgb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #djc47 ,rose decl>es t ?is did n result 9 any p>ticul> r$uction or neglect ( ! pati5ts4 ,exp]im5tal kill+ ( insane p]sons4 ,! h&+-ov] ( pati5ts f ! in/itution ( ,eglf+-,ha> is "u consid]ation4 7,no eu?anasia74 7#afif-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ceg47 ,issue ( false dea? c]tificates & notices4 ,meltz] op9ion4 7,k>l ,br&t #he1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #id47 ,?is docum5t conta9s an inquiry s5t to #bjj relatives reg>d+ _! attitude t[>ds eu?anasia4 ,mo/ ( ! relatives agree to x2 x is *>act]i/ic t _m disagree b decl>e t !y d n wi% to be ask$ & t ! matt] _h be/ be kept secret & cov]$ up 7dea? %\ld come unexpect$ly n influ5c$ by ! wi%es & int]e/s ( o!rs & %\ld n burd5 ! relatives74 ,pr(essor ,meltz]1 an oppon5t ( eu?anasia1 arrang$ = ! exam9ation z ! director ( an insane asylum 9 ord] to obta9 an argum5t aga9/ ! ma9 advocates ( eu?anasia 9 ,g]many1 ,b9d+ & ,ho*e1 & he decl>$ t he 0 surpris$ at ! result %[n by ! que/ionnaire4 ,eu?anasia comp>$ ) ,m$ical ,eu?anasia ,position tak5 9 ! indictm5t 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! def5se ,9 addition to ! prescrib$ eu?anasia bas$ on au?orization a s-call$ 8wild eu?anasia0 took place1 ^u :i* ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t _h no influ5ce1 & ( :i* he _h no k4 ,eu?anasia on ,poli% ,nationals4 ,! au?orization by ,k>l ,br&t 0 limit$ to ! occupi$ t]ritories1 :i* 7 subord9ate to special adm9i/ration1 l ! adm9i/ration = ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,pol& & ! ,protectorate z well z ! ,communication ,zone4 ,k>l ,br&t !re=e _c be held responsible = ! ev5ts :i* took place 9 ! insane asylums 9 ,pol&4 ,! removal ( ,eglf+-,ha> to ! occupi$ t]ritories 0 c>ri$ out by ! ,coop]ative ,ambulance ,company1 b ! fact ( ! transport %[s obvi\sly t dea? 0 n int5d$1 z su* a deportation w\ld h be5 s5seless4 ,! seizure ( ,poles 9 ! ,poli% di/rict ,zi*5au by ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice proves t q ano!r organization is at "w ?an ! organization = eu?anasia 9 ,g]many1 :i* 0 ,appo9t$ by ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior z sup]visory au?ority4 ,eu?anasia 9 ! ,communication ,zone4 ,affidavit by ,hald]4 7,k>l ,br&t #aaf1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ib47 ,rumors t inmates ( ! insane asylum ( ,novgorod & o!rs _h be5 kill$ rea*$ ,hald]4 ,he kn[s t ,k>l ,br&t 0 n m5tion$ 9 ?is connection z he held no au?ority 9 ?is field & t 8 appe>ance w\ld be p>ticul>ly noticeable4 ,ext]m9ation 9 ,aus*witz4 ,lett] f ,brack to ,himml]4 7,,no-#bje1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afc47 ,! lett] %[s t ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t _h no?+ to d ) ! deportation ( p]sons to ,aus*witz4 ,brack designates ! 8m50 z 8 8p]sonnel0 & on 8 own initiative (f]s fur!r p]sonnel 9 8 direct correspond5ce ) ,himml]4 ,/atem5t ( ,brack4 7,tr4 p4 #gecj47 ,he po9ts out t he _h n accus$ ,br&t himself ( hav+ any k ( or "p 9 ?is1 b m]ely t ! possibility 0 pres5t$ to him dur+ ! int]rogation by ! prosecution4 ,he _h attempt$ to ma9ta9 8 op9ion ?r\gh *anges 9 ! text ( ! affidavit compos$ = him4 ,! text pres5t$ to him def9itely m5tion$ ,br&t z a confidant4 ,x 0 /at$ !re3 8,x 0 impossible = ^! p to p>ticipate )\t ! k ( ,k>l ,br&t0 fur!r 8t ?is ord] c\ld h be5 issu$ by ,k>l ,br&t only40 ,brack has *ang$ ! text 9 ! be/ possible way & has re>rang$ ! s5t5ce z foll[s3 8,x w\ld h be5 impossible = ^! p to p>ticipate40 ,to ! phrase 8only by ord] ( ,k>l ,br&t0 0 add$ 8possibly ,b\hl]40 ,/atem5t ( ,hiels*]4 7,tr4 p4 #eihb ff47 ,on cross-exam9ation1 ! witness te/ifi$ to ! tru/wor?9ess ( ! witness ,g]/e91 :o s9ce submitt+ ! affidavit c no long] be trac$ & is presum$ to be hid+4 ,/atem5t ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #aiab47 ,! witness has n le>n$ any m 9 reg>d to ! rumors ( eu?anasia 9 ,lubl9 & ! p>ticipation ( ,k>l ,br&t 9 ^! matt]s 9 spite ( 8 p>ticul> int]e/4 ,! ,work]s f ! ,ea/4 ,/atem5t ( ,s*nidtmann4 7,,no-#gbj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cff47 ,subsequ5tly ! transf] ( ! insane ,ea/]n work]s to a home in/itution took place4 ,no eu?anasia 0 !re=e c>ri$ out2 a transf] = ?is purpose w\ld h be5 s5seless4 ,eu?anasia aft] ,cessation 9 #aida ,position tak5 9 ! indictm5t 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! def5se ,) ! cessation ( eu?anasia 9 ,augu/ #aida1 a new proc$ure appe>$ 9 :i* ,k>l ,br&t no long] p>ticipat$4 ,k>l ,br&t p]sonally 0 fully occupi$ ) special commissions 9 o!r fields 7build+ ( hospitals2 s9ce #aidb ,commission] ,g5]al2 s9ce #aidd ,rei* ,commission] = ,heal? & ,m$ical ,c>e74 ,! cessation 0 ord]$ dur+ ,augu/ #aida4 ,subsequ5tly eu?anasia 0 discont9u$4 ,/atem5t ( ,s*midt4 7,tr4 p4 #ahgi47 ,hadam> 9 ,augu/ #aida4 7,comp>e also ! docum5ts ( ! ,hadam> ,trial1#ajf p>ticul>ly indictm5t47 ,! same applies to ,ei*b]g 9 ,augu/ #aida4 7,tr4 p4 #ahgi47 ,affidavit by ,kir*]t4 ,accord+ to ?is !re 0 g5]al cessation 9 ! summ] ( #aida4 7,k>l ,br&t #ah1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ae47 ,affidavit by ,asam-,bruckmuell]4 7#chfe-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cfe47 ,accord+ to ?is eu?anasia 0 also discont9u$ 9 ,ansba*4 ,affidavit by ,jordans4 7#chhb-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cga47 ,h]eby eu?anasia 0 also discont9u$ 9 o!r in/itutions 9 #aidb4 7,! /atem5ts reg>d+ date ( cessation may be errone\s inasmu* z !y 7 made long aft] ! end ( #aida4 ,x is also possible t 9 spite ( ! ord] to cease1 "s places /ill c>ri$ on ^u ! in/ruction ( ! local au?orities47 ,a new purpose = eu?anasia is pres5t$1 :i* beg9s aft] ! cessation4 ,! motive is no long] m$ical & also has no m connection ) ! au?orization4 ,lett] f ,liebeh5s*el to ! conc5tration camp ( ,gross-,ros5 ( #ab ,decemb] #aida on ! dis*>ge ( prison]s4 7#aaea-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daa47 ,correspond5ce ( ,m5necke4 7,,no-#ijg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dab47 ,!re9 a report is made ab\t ! coop]ation ( a new gr\p1 conc]n$ ) ext]m9ation4 ,"u ! date ( #ae ,june #aidb ,m5necke speaks ab\t ! 8re-comm5cem5t0 ( eu?anasia4 ,/atem5t ( ,brack4 ,! witness reports ( ,b\hl]'s worry t be=e reque/+ ! eu?anasia commission on #a ,septemb] #aici1 ,bormann & o!r p[]s might wi% to use ! opportunity & he fe>$ !y might abuse x 7wild eu?anasia74 ,legal f\ndations4 ,k>l ,br&t is n acqua9t$ ) ! legal f\ndation = su* proce$+s aft] expiration ( ! au?orization ( #a ,septemb] #aici4 ,aft] ! cessation ( eu?anasia 9 ,augu/ #aida1 ! p[]s held on ! basis ( ! au?orization ( #a ,septemb] #aici c\ld no long] be ex]cis$4 ,/atem5t ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #bdba47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,k>l ,br&t1 9 #aidd le>n$ ( two cases 9 ,saxony & ( "o 9 ,pom]ania :]e eu?anasia 0 c>ri$ out4 ,he =w>d$ ?is report to ,hitl]1 ,bormann1 & ,b\hl] because he felt t )9 ,bormann's sph]e extremi/s 7 at "w4 ,organization4 ,! old organization 0 ab&on$ or consid]ably r$uc$4 7,comp>e ! indictm5t ( ! ,hadam> ,case#ajg reg>d+ ! liquidation (fice47 ,! physicians 7 dismiss$ 9 ,augu/ #aida f ! ,(fice1 ,ti]g>t5/rasse #d4 ,lett] f ,brack to ,himml] ( #bc ,june #aidb4 7,,no-#bje1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afc47 ,"h he ref]s to ! =m] transf] ( p]sonnel & once m (f]s p f ! rema9+ p]sonnel4 ,x seems t ! organization 0 n[ "u ! influ5ce ( ,himml]4 ,k>l ,br&t 0 elim9at$ by ! cessation 9 #aida4 ,affidavit ( ,b]+]4 7,,no-#hjh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dbe47 ,! witness says1 8x 0 an op5 secret 9 ! ,gau t ,m5necke 0 *>g$ by ,himml] to se>* ! m5tal in/itutions ( ,g]many = insane p]sons40 ,activity ( ! =m] organization4 ,regi/ration %eet4 ,lett] ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior ( #a ,augu/ #aidj4 7#chga-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cei47 ,accord+ to ?is all sick p]sons are n[ to be report$4 ,! lett] is address$ to ! private cl9ic ( ,h]tz at ,bonn4 ,te/imony ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #aijb47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! program 0 n resum$ aga9 9 its orig9al =m4 ,"s ( ! exp]ts _h retir$4 ,! kill+ no long] took place by c>bon monoxide b by o!r means & by o!r me?ods4 ,9 "p ! dead 7 n burn$ anymore b buri$ 7z at ,hadam>74 ,elim9ation 9 ! ,conc5tration ,camps ,position tak5 9 ! indictm5t 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! def5se ,motive is n reconcilable ) m$ical au?orization2 ?is does n all[ eu?anasia = political or economic reasons4 ,te/imony ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #aiac47 ,! witness expla9s t ! execution 0 a complete brea* ( ! directive at ! />t ( eu?anasia4 8,at lea/ x _h no?+ to d ) ! eu?anasia ( lunatics40 ,te/imony ( ,k>l ,br&t4 ,"t4 ,te/imony ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #aicc47 ,accord+ to ?is ,brack spoke ( und]tak+ an exam9ation 9 ! ,,kl conc5tration camp ,orani5burg = ! fir/ "t 9 ! summ] ( #aidj4 ,te/imony ( ,roemhild4 7,tr4 p4 #afei47 ,! witness says t a second action #ad f #ac />t$ 9 #aidc 7!re=e an indep5d5t action aft] ! susp5sion ( #aida74 ,f t ! indep5d5t "* ( ! 8fir/ action #ad f #ac0 mu/ be conclud$1 & x is to be assum$ t x 0 ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police ,(fice1 ,b]l91 z 0 ! second action #ad f #ac4 ,accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,m5necke 7,tr4 p4 #aiad71 ,action #ad f #ac did n />t ) ! fir/ visit 9 #aidj1 b at fir/ x 0 only an exp]t op9ion accord+ to m$ical po9ts ( view4 ,9 #aidj prison]s 7 exam9$ by him 9 ! conc5tration camp ,bu*5wald & regi/ration =ms fill$ out4 ,at t "t ! exam9ation ext5d$ to phy*oses & psy*opa?y4 ,affidavit ( ,mu?ig4 ,accord+ to ?is a transport w5t f ,da*au to ,mau?aus5 9 ,decemb] #aida aft] exam9ation by ,heyde4 7,,no-#bgii1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dig47 ,ord]4 ,!re 7 two p>allel ord]s3 ,! ord] ( ! (fice ( ,b\hl] 9 accordance ) ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 accord+ to :i* f #aidj on ! lunatics 9 ! conc5tration camps 7 exam9$ accord+ to ! directions4 ,te/imony ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #aice47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! ord] to visit ! conc5tration camps 0 issu$ 9 ! summ] ( #aidj4 ,! ord] ( ,himml] to submit to ! special treatm5t ( action #ad f #ac1 or to kill undesirable prison]s1 reg>dless ( ^! exam9ations4 ,lett] ( #aj ,decemb] #aida reg>d+ ! special action #ad f #ac4 7#aaea-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daa47 ,affidavit ( ,hov54 ,ord] by ,himml] 0 at h& = ! execution ( ^! actions4 7,,no-#dbi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #bha47 ,fur!r te/imony ( ,hov54 ,report ( ,dr4 ,morg5 9 ! proce$+s aga9/ ,hov53 8,! "r to decide ab\t ! life or dea? ( prison]s 9 ! conc5tration camps is assign$ to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml]40 7,,no-#bcff1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ebf47 ,organization4 ,two organizations work+ side by side h to be di/+ui%$3 7#a7 ,organization = ! selection ( real lunatics accord+ to ! au?orization ( #a ,decemb] #aici4 ,"h ! organization ( ,b\hl] is active up to summ] #aida )9 ! framework ( ! =m] directives4 7#b7 ,organization = ext]m9ation contr>y to ! =m] directives1 exclusively by ,himml] & ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice4 ,te/imony ( ,roemhild1 ab\t ,action #ad f #ac4 7,tr4 p4 #afda47 ,te/imony ( ,roemhild4 7,tr4 p4 #afdd47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,dr4 ,loll+ p>ticipat$1 & 0 correspond+ ab\t x ) ,himml]4 ,te/imony ( ,roemhild4 7,tr4 p4 #afei47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! second ,action #ad f #ac />t$ on ! ord]s ( ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police ,(fice1 ,b]l94 ,x 0 ! indep5d5t "w ( ,loll+ 9 ! conc5tration camp ,orani5burg4 7#aaea-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daa47 ,lett] f conc5tration camp ,gross-,ros5 to ! in/itution ,b]nburg4 7,,no-#ahgc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eef47 ,report on special treatm5t to ,ma9 ,economic & ,adm9i/rative ,(fice4 7#abcd-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eee47 ,execution4 ,no?+ 0 done be=e ! susp5sion 9 ,augu/ #aida4 ,te/imony ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #aicc47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! fir/ visit 9 #aidj 0 n ! />t4 ,until autumn #aida !re 0 only a g5]al exam9ation ( ! insane p]sons4 ,te/imony ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #aidj47 ,!re 7 no objections reg>d+ ! exam9ation ( insane p]sons 9 ! fir/ action4 ,te/imony ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #ahij47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,m5necke himself fill$ out ! regi/ration =ms1 & !y 7 treat$ 9 ! same way z ! regi/ration =ms ( m5tal in/itutions4 ,?is 0 only s dur+ ! fir/ visits ( ,m5necke1 :ile ! exam9ations 7 /ill tak+ place accord+ to ! prescrib$ m$ical po9ts ( view4 ,aft] autumn #aida ano!r proc$ure 0 adopt$4 ,! regi/ration =ms 7 no long] suppli$ by ,ti]g>t5/rasse #d1 b produc$ & fill$ out by ! inspectorate ( ! conc5tration camp4 ,! fill+ out ( ! regi/ration =ms is re/rict$ to a few po9ts accord+ to an ord] ( ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice4 7#aaea-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daa47 ,x 0 suffici5t to fill out ! p>ticul>s ( ! =m und]l9$ 9 r$4 ,^! 7 "n1 date ( bir?1 religion1 race1 s9ce :5 9 in/itution1 physical incurable compla9ts1 disabl$ soldi]1 (f5se1 =m] crim9al (f5ses4 ,te/imony ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #aiad47 ,he does n "k :at a physician is expect$ to tell f regi/ration =ms fill$ out 9 su* a way4 ,no exp]t 0 pres5t4 7,,no-#ijg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dab47 ,9 ! proce$+s #ad f #ac1 ! consid]ation ( ! disease 0 n ! ma9 ?+4 ,"h !re is talk ab\t 8special treatm5t #ad f #ac02 x has no?+ to d ) eu?anasia b is ext]m9ation4 7,,no-#aeh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daj47 ,correspond5ce ( ! ,ma9 ,economic & ,adm9i/ration ,(fice ) ! conc5tration camp ,gross-,ros54 7#abcd-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #eee47 ,only special treatm5t is m5tion$4 ,! ^w 8eu?anasia0 n[h]e appe>s4 ,exam9ation4 ,! fact t ! ,mau?aus5 conc5tration camp is m5tion$ z a place ( execution1 :i* 0 n emp[]$ to c>ry out ! eu?anasia )9 ! framework ( ! ord] ( #a ,septemb] #aici1 %[s ! arbitr>9ess ( ! 8action40 ,x mu/ be assum$ t ,himml] includ$ ,b]nburg1 favorably situat$ to him1 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 own full p[]s4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! exam9ation accord+ to ! directions & accord+ to ! proce$+s appli$ 9 ! conc5tration camp is %[n 9 ! correspond5ce ( ,m5necke4 ,correspond5ce ( ,m5necke4 7,,no-#ijg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dab47 ,te/imony ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #ahhb47 ,accord+ to ?is1 x lat] on dep5d$ only on asc]ta9+ reasons = ! arre/1 & n on ! m$ical exam9ation4 ,lett] f ! conc5tration camp ,gross-,ros5 to ,liebeh5s*el ( #be ,m>* #aidb4 7#aaea-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daa47 ,accord+ to ?is1 a "p ( ! 8elim9at$ prison]s0 became 8fit = "w0 aga94 ,communication ( ! conc5tration camp ,gross-,ros5 ( #af ,novemb] #aida ab\t ! elim9ation ( prison]s4 7,,no-#aeh1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #daj47 ,! kill+ 0 done at ! in/itutions ( ,b]nburg & 9 ! conc5tration camp ,mau?aus54 ,connection ( ,k>l ,br&t ) ! ,conc5tration ,camps4 ,affidavit ( ,dietzs*4 7,,no-#acad1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dcc47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,k>l ,br&t 0 said to h be5 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,app5dix--,affidavit ( ,dietzs*4 7,k>l ,br&t #ih1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ci47 ,dietzs* corrects 8 supposition & expla9s he did n see ,k>l ,br&t 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,te/imony ( ,hov54 7,tr4 p4 #iiaa47 ,! correspond5ce submitt$ 0 conduct$ exclusively by (fices ( conc5tration camps4 ,app5dix--,report ( ,dr4 ,morg5 %[s t ! "r ov] life & dea? is assign$ to ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss ,himml]4 7,,no-#bcff1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ebf47 ,! "n ( ,k>l ,br&t is n m5tion$ 9 ! correspond5ce4 ,! witness ,m5necke _c give any in=mation ab\t ! activity ( ,k>l ,br&t )9 ! framework ( ! special treatm5t #ad f #ac attribut$ to him by ! indictm5t4 ,eu?anasia ,practice on ,*ildr5 7,rei* ,committee7 ,position tak5 9 ! indictm5t 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! def5se ,motive4 ,f a m$ical /&po9t1 x is a humane motive to %ort5 ! lives ( *ildr5 n fit to live4 ,te/imony ( ,s*midt4 7,tr4 p4 #ahed47 ,at ! discussion 9 #aida only m$ical viewpo9ts 7 dealt )4 ,! ,rei* ,committee 0 already be+ prep>$ be=e ! au?orization ( #a ,septemb] #aici 7,leipzig case74 ,"t4 ,execution 0 9 =ce f #aidj to #aidd4 ,te/imony ( ,pfannmuell]4 7,tr4 p4 #gcaj47 ,execution at ,eglf+-,ha> did n />t be=e #a ,june #aidj4 ,pfannmuell] lett] to ,rei* ,committee ( #ag ,janu>y #aida4 7,,no-#aaci1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cdf47 ,x ref]s to agreem5t ( #aj ,decemb] #aidj 9 connection ) decision ( #ah ,augu/ #aici4 ,kaufbeur5 docum5ts4 7#afif-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ceg47 ,accord+ to ?is1 eu?anasia 0 c>ri$ on 9 ! ,irrsee ,in/itute1 ev5 aft] ! occupation 9 #aide4 ,supplem5t1 ,affidavit ( ,weese4 7,k>l ,br&t #abi1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #aje47 ,op9ion on ! /ate ( disease 0 arriv$ at objectively by m$ical exam9ation4 ,legal basis4 ,legal basis 0 ! au?orization ( #a ,septemb] #aici1 :i* _h n be5 susp5d$ or annull$ = ! activity ( ! ,rei* ,committee4 ,decree reg>d+ treatm5t ( mal=m$ *ildr54 7,brack #eb1 ,brack ,ex4 #dc47 ,circul> ( #a ,july #aidj1 publi%$ 9 ! ,m9i/]ial ,gazette4 ,!re1 compulsory report+ ( mal=m$ & insane *ildr5 is provid$ =4 ,organization4 ,affidavit ( ,sprau]1 accord+ to :i* ! direction ( ! ,rei* ,committee 0 9 ! h&s ( von ,l9d5 at ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry & n "u ,k>l ,br&t4 7#chif-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgb47 ,te/imony ( ,k>l ,br&t1 accord+ to :i* ! direction 0 ) ,l9d5 ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 7,tr4 p4 #bdcc47 ,affidavits ( ,engel & ,s*aub4 ,k>l ,br&t 0 atta*$ to ! ,fuehr]'s ,g5]al ,headqu>t]s4 7,k>l ,br&t #ha1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #he2 ,k>l ,br&t #hj1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ih47 ,te/imony ( ,m5necke4 7,tr4 p4 #aijc47 ,m5necke nev] saw a docum5t sign$ by ,k>l ,br&t4 ,he nev] saw him & nev] he>d him speak4 ,k>l ,br&t 0 only available to give advice4 ,9 a few cases1 he 0 consult$ :5 !re 7 d\bts ab\t ! f9al exp]t op9ion4 ,te/imony ( ,brack4 7,tr4 p4 #gfab47 ,accord+ to ?is ,b\hl] & ,br&t voic$ _! op9ion on ! judgm5t ( exp]ts only 9 que/ionable cases4 ,fur!r obs]vation 0 indicat$ if !re 7 d\bts at all4 ,te/imony ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #becb47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,k>l ,br&t resign$ f ! ,rei* ,committee 9 ! summ] ( #aidb4 ,he 0 n us$ z an exp]t4 ,lett] ( ! ,rei* ,committee ( #af ,novemb] #aidc reg>d+ ! *ild ,anna ,gasse4 7,,no-#hij1 ,pros ,ex4 #ddc47 ,te/imony ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #beda47 ,by virtue ( ?is lett]1 address$ to ,k>l ,br&t1 an inquiry by ! ,rei* ,committee is address$ to ! ,ei*b]g ,in/itution4 ,?is incid5t is ! outcome ( ! claim ( an incompet5t p]son4 ,! lett] %[s precisely t ,k>l ,br&t did n h an (fice ( 8 own1 b t he remitt$ ! lett] to ! compet5t (ficial au?ority4 ,execution4 ,regi/ration 0 h&l$ by ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 7,,no-#aacb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cda47 ,! notification ab\t ! *ildr5 0 made1 z requir$ by law1 by physicians1 midwives1 & cl9ics4 ,te/imony ( ,pfannmuell]4 7,tr4 p4 #gcab47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! regi/ration %eets 7 publi%$ 9 ! gazette ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry4 ,sick records _h to be atta*$ to ! report4 7,,no-#aacc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cce47 ,directive issu$ by ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior to ! effect t p]sonnel & sick records are to be atta*$4 7,,no-#aacb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cda47 ,lett] ( #cj ,april #aida1 ) reg>d to ! *ild ,?almey]4 7,,no-#aach1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cdi47 ,9 t case a m$ical report on ! *ild 0 especially requir$4 ,te/imony ( ,s*midt4 7,tr4 p4 #ahbh47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! regi/ration foll[$ ^u in=mation obta9$ f heal? (fices1 midwives1 & cl9ics = *ildr54 ,m$ical op9ion 0 giv5 by special advis]s :o coop]at$ ) (ficial physicians4 ,affidavit ( ,weese4 7,k>l ,br&t #abi1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #aje47 ,! transf] ( p>tly ,jewi% *ildr5 has no connection ) ! ,rei* ,committee4 ,directive issu$ by ! ,prov9cial ,presid5t ,b]notat ( #ae ,may #aidc conc]n+ ! collection ( "p ,jews4 7,,no-#hic1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dbf47 ,cons5t ( ! p>5ts4 ,lett] ( ! ,rei* ,committee ( #i ,janu>y #aidc to ! heal? (fice at ,tuttl+54 7,k>l ,br&t #dj1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #hd47 ,!re ! compet5t au?ority decl>es t a transf] ( a *ild is n p]missible 9 pr9ciple if ! cons5t ( ! p>5ts is n giv54 ,te/imony ( ,brack4 7,tr4 p4 #gfab47 ,! cons5t ( ! p>5ts 0 secur$ by ! (ficial physician or by ! physician 9 *>ge1 9 o!r words1 be=e ! *ild 0 tak5 to ! cl9ic4 ,x 0 up to ! practic+ physicians to in=m ! p>5ts ( ! type ( treatm5t :i* ! *ild w\ld und]go & ( ! prospects ( success4 7,brack #eb1 ,brack ,ex4 #dc47 ,! probability ( dea? 0 /ress$4 ,te/imony ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #bcii47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! p>5ts 7 treat$ ) c>e :ile be+ que/ion$1 9 ord] t _! consci5ce %\ld n bo!r !m lat]4 ,te/imony ( ,k>l ,br&t4 7,tr4 p4 #bedd47 ,accord+ to ?is ! cons5t ( ! p>5ts 0 n put into writ+ b 0 giv5 orally & !n a note made ( x 9 ! files4 ,no *ild 0 remov$ aga9/ ! express wi%es ( ! p>5ts4 ,h[ ! kill+ 0 done4 ,te/imony ( ,pfannmuell] 7,tr4 p4 #gcca7 rebuts affidavit ( ,jordans 7#chhb-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cga74 ,accord+ to ?is1 :]e treatm5t 0 n possible any m1 putt+ to sleep by n>cotics 0 effect$ by ! physician ( ! in/itution4 ,!re 0 no ,national ,sociali/ nurs+ /aff to c>ry out ! kill+4 ,te/imony ( ,pfannmuell]4 7,tr4 p4 #gcjd47 ,comm5t on ! /atem5t 9 ! affidavit ( ,lehn] accord+ to :i* eu?anasia 0 n practic$ on *ildr5 be=e ! w>4 ,te/imony ( ,pfannmuell]4 7,tr4 p4 #gcbi47 ,comm5t on ! conf]5ce ( ! ,bav>ian ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior 9 #aidb4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! />vation process _h n be5 ord]$ b on acc\nt ( ! g5]al food situation no additional food supplies 7 p]mitt$ :i* exce$$ ! rations ( ! civilian population4 ,affidavit ( ,weese4 7,k>l ,br&t #abi1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #aje47 ,graph indicat+ cases ( dea? ( insane p]sons 9 ! ,kaufbeur5 ,cl9ic f #aiaj till #aidd4 7,k>l ,br&t #abc1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ic47 ,! graph %[s t dur+ ! memb]%ip ( ,k>l ,br&t 9 ! ,rei* ,committee ! numb] ( cases ( dea? did n really exce$ ^? ( ,_w ,w> ,i4 ,only aft] 8 retirem5t does ! curve rise sudd5ly4 ,p]=mance ( exp]im5ts by ,pr(essor ,mc,cance on *ildr5 n fit to live 9 ! ,milit>y ,hospital1 ,wupp]tal1 9 #aidf4 7,k>l ,br&t #ic1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #bi47 ,te/imony ( ,brack4 7,tr4 p4 #ggaf47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! cons5t ( ! p>5ts 0 secur$ 9 "s =m or o!r4 ,au?orization4 ,! au?orization 0 giv5 = ea* case sep>ately on ! basis ( ! files4 ,te/imony ( ,pfannmuell]4 7,tr4 p4 #gcjd47 ,ab\t ! types ( *ildr5 9 "q4 ,affidavit ( ,leuss]4 7#chfd-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cfg47 ,!re x is po9t$ out t ! *ildr5 /ood at ! l[e/ level ( idiocy4 ,te/imony ( ,s*midt4 7,tr4 p4 #ahba47 ,! witness names ! type ( diseases 9 "q4 ,he says t ! consultants & *ief consultants gave ! au?orization4 ,te/imony ( ,pfannmuell]4 7,tr4 p4 #gcad47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! au?orization ord]s did n read t ! life ( ! *ildr5 0 to be %ort5$1 b x 0 only an au?orization = treatm5t4 ,affidavit ( ,s*midt4 7#chaf-,,ps1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #cgj47 ,! witness has se5 _m c]tificates ( au?orization1 all ( :i* 7 sign$ by ,heg5]4 ,special au?orization4 ,! ,rei* ,committee c\ld n issue special au?orizations = adults4 ,! signature ( ,heg5] 9 individual cases is 9 contradiction to issu$ directives4 ,x 0 an arbitr>y evasion ( ! decre$ cessation ( eu?anasia4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,! ,,def5dant ,,brack#ajh 99 99 99 99 99 ,! def5dants 9 ?is trial1 :o are doctors1 7 accus$ 9 ,g5]al ,taylor's op5+ spee* ( hav+ committ$ atrocities "u ! guise ( m$ical sci5ce4 ,! def5dant ,brack is n "o ( ^! doctors4 ,brack w\ld probably n ev5 h appe>$ be=e y z a w> crim9al _h 8 sup]ior ,b\hl] be5 /ill alive4 ,brack work$ z an exp]t 9 ! ,fuehr]'s ,*ancell]y & 9 8 field ( "w _h no?+ to d ) m$ical problems4 ,nor is ,brack accus$ by ! prosecution ( hav+ p>ticipat$ 9 m$ical exp]im5ts4 ,h[ev]1 ,brack is accus$ ( p>ticipation 9 ! g5ocide policy ( ! ,?ird ,rei* ins(> z he p>ticipat$ 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program & ! /]ilization exp]im5ts1 & 0 consci\s ( _! de/ructive purpose4 ,9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,,imt ! ^w 8eu?anasia0 or 8,eu?anasia ,program0 is n us$ at all4 ,x only m5tions measures t 7 tak5 = ! purpose ( kill+ all ! old1 m5tally ill1 & all ^? :o _h incurable diseases1 9 special in/itutions2 ?is includ$ ,g]man nationals & =eign work]s :o 7 unable to "w4 ,9 ! sep>ate judgm5t ( ! def5dant ,frick1#aji too1 only ^! measures are m5tion$4 ,any connection1 or ev5 ! possibility ( su* a connection betwe5 ^! measures & p]secution ( ! ,jews1 dealt ) 9 a sep>ate *apt]1 9 p>ticul> ) ! plans drawn up 9 ! summ] ( #aida = a 8f9al solution0 ( ! ,jewi% "q 9 ,europe1 0 nev] e/abli%$ by ! ,,imt nor ev5 h9t$ at4 ,until #aici ! ^w 8eu?anasia0 0 unkn[n to ,brack z well z to l>ge circles ( ! ,g]man population4 ,t ?is ^w orig9ally meant ! 8art0 ( dy+1 or to meet dea? ) s]5e calm1 _h rema9$ ! secret ( ^? sci5ti/s :o 7 int]e/$ 9 ! ,greek language4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( c5turies ! mean+ ( ?is ^w *ang$4 ,x fir/ became ! expression = ! attempt ( ! physician--orig9at+ 9 human compassion1 develop$ by m$ical sci5ce--to alleviate ! end ( a dy+ p]son by soo?+ 8 pa94 ,b !n ! mean+ ( ! ^w1 & ) x ! concept ( eu?anasia1 0 exp&$1 & t[>ds ! end ( ! #ai? c5tury x meant assi/ance 9 dy+ ?r\gh an abbreviation ( life if ! life ( ! suff]+ p]son _h lo/ its value 9 view ( imm$iate & pa9ful dea?1 or z a result ( an incurable disease4 ,x is a fact t ?is k9d ( eu?anasia has be5 appli$ ?r\gh\t ! _w s9ce "t began & c be trac$ back to ! ,twelve ,tables ( ,anci5t ,rome & to ! epo* ( /ate socialism 9 antiquity4 ,! ass]tion ( ! prosecution t eu?anasia 0 ! product ( ,national ,socialism & its racial !ories c be indisputably refut$ by hi/ory4 ,ev5 if ! prosecution is ( a diff]5t op9ion1 ! ,tribunal _c ov]look ! fact t ! te/imony ( ,k>l ,br&t1 ,brack1 ,pfannmuell]1 ,h$]i*1 ,s*ultze1 ,grabe1 ,g]trud ,kallmey]1 & ,walt] ,eug5 ,s*midt1 all /at$ indep5d5tly t ! measures />t$ accord+ to ,hitl]'s w 9 ! autumn ( #aici only appli$ to incurable1 m5tally ill p]sons1 & 7 susp5d$ 9 #aida4 ,= ^! measures1 ! p>ticipants us$ ! ^w & ! concept ( 8eu?anasia0 9 ! mean+ ( ! f9al m$ical assi/ance1 :e!r ju/ly or inju/ly1 w be discuss$ lat]4 ,x is n un9t]e/+ to note t ! ^w 8,eu?anasia ,program0 appe>s = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,brack affidavit 7,,no-#dbf1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #afj71 :i* 0 drawn up by ! prosecution aft] sev]al int]rogations2 ,brack at t "t 0 9 a /ate ( physical & m5tal exhau/ion &1 !re=e1 n 9 a position to realize cle>ly :at he said4 ,! def5se1 9 agreem5t ) ! prosecution1 refra9$ f pres5t+ an exp]t m$ical op9ion1 b did n1 z ! prosecution n[ ass]ts1 refuse to pres5t x4 ,i regret v deeply t ! prosecution1 :5 us+ ! ^w 8,eu?anasia ,program0 co9$ by !m1 *>act]izes )\t suffici5t pro( ! eu?anasia appli$ 9 #aici-aida = ! incurably sick z ! consci\s & delib]ate precursor ( ! diff]5t actions ( annihilation :i* m>k ! mile/ones ( ! m5tal & moral ru9s left to ! ,g]man p by m5 :o _h become insane4 ,if ! prosecution _h be5 sure ( _! assumption1 !y w\ld n h _h to submit ^? extremely d\btful docum5ts ) :i* !y tri$ to prove 9 cross-exam9ation t ! def5dant ,brack p>ticipat$ 9 plann+ ! mass ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews4 99 99 99 99 99 ,h[1 9 ! face ( su* insuffici5t evid5ce :i* is oppos$ by num]\s cases ( int]v5tion = ,jews 9 t p]iod ( "t--,i only recall ! cases ,w>burg & ,georgii--& 9 ! face ( ,brack's sworn /atem5ts ab\t 8 attitude t[>ds ,jewry1 c ! prosecution ass]t t ,brack p>ticipat$ 9 plann+ ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews8 ,9 ?is way1 ! prosecution clos$ ! circle incrim9at+ ,brack1 :i* !y drew r\nd ! eu?anasia ( incurable m5tal pati5ts1 ! ,action #ad f #ac1 & ! f9al measures to ext]m9ate ! ,jews4 ,i wi% to /ress aga9 t ev]y?+ t happ5$ aft] ! /op 9 ,augu/ #aida 9 ! way ( abuse by ! eu?anasia in/itutions _h no?+ to d ) ! eu?anasia ( ! incurably insane :i* 0 support$ by ,brack4 ,an oppos+ view w\ld only be suitable to make a hi/orical record :i* is n support$ by ! weight ( ! judgm5t ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 b m]ely corresponds to a conjecture :i* 9 ! decisive po9ts !mselves is void ( e sub/antiat$ basis4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,prosecution ,docum5ts ,pros4 ,ex4 ,doc4 ,no4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5t ,page ,,no-#dbf #afj ,extract f ! affidavit ( #hdb def5dant ,brack1 #ad ,octob] #aidf1 describ+ adm9i/rative details & proc$ure ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 #fae-,,ps #bdf ,lett] f ,dr4 ,hilfri*1 ,bi%op ( #hde ,limburg1 to ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice1 #ac ,augu/ #aida1 prote/+ aga9/ ! kill+ ( m5tally ill p4 ,,no-#dbi #bha ,extract f ! affidavit ( #hdg def5dant ,hov51 #bd ,octob] #aidf1 conc]n+ ! transf] ( conc5tration camp inmates to eu?anasia /ations = ext]m9ation4 #fcj-,,ps #ccj ,lett] f ,hitl] to ,k>l ,br&t #hdh & ,b\hl]1 #a ,septemb] #aici1 *>g+ !m ) ! execution ( eu?anasia4 ,,no-#aace #ccd ,confirmation1 #cj ,augu/ #aidj1 ( ! #hdh transf] ( m5tal pati5ts ) li/ ( transf]r$ pati5ts atta*$4 #afif-,,ps #ceg ,lett] f ,dr4 ,conti to ! ,m5tal #hdi ,hospital 9 ,kaufbeur51 #af ,novemb] #aici1 reque/+ t que/ionnaires 7atta*$7 be fill$ out = individual pati5ts2 lett] f ! ,g5]al ,sick ,transport ,company to ! ,m5tal ,hospital 9 ,kaufbeur51 #ab ,may #aida1 /at+ t ! company w\ld remove m5tal pati5ts2 report f ! ,prov9cial ,association = ,social ,welf>e 9 ,swabia1 #f ,may #aida1 t all transf]r$ pati5ts _h di$2 lett] f ,gaum1 #bd ,novemb] #aidb1 to ,dr4 ,le9is* /at+ t epileptics w\ld be made available = rese>*4 #chif-,,ps #cgb ,extract f ! affidavit ( ,dr4 #hec ,ludwig ,sprau]1 #bc ,april #aidf1 conc]n+ ! organization ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,,no-#ebj #cgd ,lett] f ! *ief ( ! #hed in/itution = feeble-m9d$ 9 ,/ett5 to ,dr4 ,frank1 #f ,septemb] #aidj1 reque/+ t eu?anasia be c>ri$ out only aft] legal basis 0 creat$4 ,,no-#ffj #cgg ,note by ,sellm]1 #f ,decemb] #aidj1 #hee describ+ ! me?od ( selection = eu?anasia4 ,,no-#jah #djd ,lett] f ,himml] to ,brack1 #ai #hef ,decemb] #aidj1 reque/+ t ,eu?anasia ,/ation ,graf5eck be discont9u$ & t motion pictures be %[n to dispel rumors4 ,,no-#hdb #dje ,lett] f ,brack to ,dr4 #heg ,s*legelb]g]1 #ah ,april #aida1 =w>d+ =ms = eu?anasia & sugge/+ t dea? notifications %\ld n foll[ a /]eotyp$ =m4 ,,no-#aeh #daj ,lett] f ,hir*e1 adm9i/rator ( #heh ! ,m5tal ,in/itution ,b]nburg1 to camp comm&ant ( ! ,gross-,ros5 conc5tration camp1 #ai ,m>* #aidb1 ) li/ ( inmates transf]r$ f ! conc5tration camp to ,b]nburg4 ,,no-#ijg #dab ,extract f lett] f ,dr4 ,fritz #hfa ,m5necke to 8 wife1 #be ,novemb] #aida1 conc]n+ 8 activities z physician select+ inmates ( conc5tration camp ,bu*5wald = eu?anasia4 ,,no-#ajjg #dac ,circul> f ,gluecks to #hfb conc5tration camp comm&ants1 #bg ,april #aidc1 /at+ t 9 ! future only insane prison]s %\ld be us$ = ,action 8#ad f #ac0 7eu?anasia74 ,,no-#hia #dad ,directive ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( #hfc ! ,int]ior1 #f ,septemb] #aidd1 ord]+ eu?anasia ext5d$ to insane ,ea/]n work]s4 #aeec-,,ps #dbh ,extract f ! field int]rogation #hfe ( ,kurt ,g]/e91 #bf ,april #aide1 describ+ ! mass gass+ ( ,jews & o!r 8undesirables40 ,,no-#cfe #ejg ,unsign$ draft lett] f ,dr4 #hgj ,wetzel to ,ros5b]g1 #be ,octob] #aida1 deal+ ) ,brack's collaboration 9 ! con/ruction ( gas *amb]s = ! ext]m9ation ( ,jews4 ,def5se ,docum5ts ,doc4 ,no4 ,def4 ,ex4 ,no4 ,description ( ,docum5ts ,k>l ,br&t #ah ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 ,extracts f ! affidavit ( ,dr4 #hga #ae ,w]n] ,kir*]t1 #bi ,janu>y #aidg1 /at+ t ,k>l ,br&t 0 n involv$ 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,k>l ,br&t #ai ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 ,affidavit ( ,alfr$ ,rueggeb]g1 #bc #hgb #af ,janu>y #aidg1 conc]n+ radio discussions on eu?anasia4 ,k>l ,br&t #bc ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 ,affidavit ( ,edu>d ,wo]mann1 #ah #hgc #ai ,janu>y #aidg1 conc]n+ discussion ( ,k>l ,br&t & ,pa/or ,bodels*w+h on eu?anasia4 ,pokorny #ai ,pokorny ,ex4 #bg ,affidavit ( ,dr4 ,helmu? ,weese1 #ai #hgd ,m>* #aidg1 conc]n+ use ( caladium segu9um = /]ilization4 ,te/imony ,page ,extracts f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,dr4 ,m5necke #hge ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,brack #hgf ,extract f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,walt] ,e4 ,s*midt #hij ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,k>l ,br&t #hib ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dbf ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #afj ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,def5dant ,,brack1 #ad ,,octob] #aidf1 ,,describ+ ,,adm9i/rative ,,details ,,& ,,proc$ure ,,( ,,! ,,eu?anasia ,,program 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,eu?anasia ,program #d4 ,! ,eu?anasia ,program 0 initiat$ 9 ! summ] ( #aici4 ,hitl] issu$ a secret ord] to ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t1 ,rei* ,commission] = ,m$ical & ,heal? ,matt]s1 & at t "t p]sonal physician to ! ,fuehr]1 & to ,philipp ,b\hl]1 *>g+ !m ) responsibility = ! kill+ ( human be+s :o 7 unable to live1 t is1 ! accord+ ( a m]cy dea? to incurably insane p]sons4 ,prior to ! issuance ( ?is secret ord]1 ,b\hl] _h a conf]5ce ) ,dr4 ,br&t & ,dr4 ,leon>do ,conti1 ! ,rei* ,*ief = ,public ,heal? & ,/ate ,secret>y 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior4 ,on ! basis ( ?is ord] ( ,hitl]1 ,b\hl] & ,br&t 7 to select doctors to c>ry out ?is program4 ,inasmu* z ! insane asylums & o!r in/itutions 7 functions ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior1 ,dr4 ,h]b]t ,l9d5 became ! repres5tative ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior4 ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t & ,philipp ,b\hl] appo9t$ ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,heyde & ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,niets*e along ) sev]al o!r m$ical m5 to aid 9 ! execution ( ?is ,eu?anasia ,program4 #e4 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t 0 9 *>ge ( ! m$ical section ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,9 ?is capacity1 z %[n 9 ! *>t ,i h drawn1 dat$ #ab ,septemb] #aidf1 ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t appo9t$ z 8 deputies ,pr(essor ,heyde & ,pr(essor ,niets*e4 ,9 *>ge ( ! adm9i/rative (fice "u ,br&t 0 fir/ ,h]r ,bohne & lat] ,h]r ,all]s4 ,?ree diff]5t names 7 us$ by ,br&t's section 9 ord] to disguise ! activities ( ! organization4 ,! names ( ! organization are z foll[s3 ,rei* ,association--,m5tal ,in/itutions4 ,*>itable ,f\ndation = ,in/itutional ,c>e4 ,g5]al ,pati5t ,transport ,company4 #f4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( ?is program1 ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t visit$ ,philipp ,b\hl] & discuss$ ) him _m details ( ?is program4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 aft] su* meet+s betwe5 ,br&t & ,b\hl]1 ,i receiv$ _m ord]s1 m (t5 f ,b\hl] ?an f ,br&t directly4 #g4 ,9 my capacity z ,*ief ( ,(fice ,,ii ( ,b\hl]'s ,*ancell]y1 ,i 0 ord]$ to c>ry out ! adm9i/rative details ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,my deputy 0 ,w]n] ,blank5burg1 :o ev5tually became my successor1 t is1 9 ! beg9n+ ( #aidb :5 ,i jo9$ ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,von ,heg5]1 ,re9h1 ,vorb]g1 & ,dr4 ,hevelmann 7 memb]s ( my /aff4 #h4 ,9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior1 ,dr4 ,l9d5 0 9 *>ge ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program & 8 deputy 0 ,m9i/]ialrat ,franke4 ,! ,dep>tm5t = ,public ,heal? 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior _h au?ority ov] all insane asylums ( ! ,rei*1 & 9 ?is position1 my dep>tm5t z well z ! (fice ( ,dr4 ,br&t ma9ta9$ close liaison 9 ord] to op]ate ?is ,eu?anasia ,program effici5tly4 ,! ,proc$ure #i4 ,by ord] ( ,dr4 ,l9d51 ! directors ( all insane asylums 9 ! ,rei* _h to complete que/ionnaires = ea* pati5t 9 _! in/itutions4 ,^! que/ionnaires 7 draft$ by ,b\hl]1 ,heyde1 ,niets*e1 & o!rs 9 sev]al ( _! _m conf]5ces4 ,! que/ionnaires 7 !n =w>d$ to ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior to be di/ribut$ to ! v>i\s insane asylums & simil> in/itutions4 ,!oretically1 ,dr4 ,l9d5's (fice _h ! que/ionnaires return$ & !n =w>d$ !m to ! adm9i/rative section ( ! (fice ( ,dr4 ,br&t4 ,! program 0 s arrang$ t photo/ats ( ea* que/ionnaire 7 to be s5t to f\r exp]ts consi/+ ( ab\t #aj to #ae doctors4 ,i d n rememb] ! names ( all ! memb]s ( ?is panel1 b ,dr4 ,pfannmuell]1 ,dr4 ,s*umann1 ,dr4 ,faltlhaus]1 & ,dr4 ,r5naux are fre% 9 my memory 9 ?is connection4 ,ea* ( ^! exp]ts indicat$ by mak+ a c]ta9 comm5t on ! que/ionnaire :e!r or n ! pati5t c\ld be transf]r$ to an obs]vation in/itution & ev5tually kill$4 ,! que/ionnaire 0 !n =w>d$ to a s5ior exp]t4 ,accord+ to ! regulation1 ! s5ior exp]t 0 only entitl$ to ord] ! transf] ( ! pati5t :5 all f\r exp]ts vot$ = ! transf]4 ,?is s5ior exp]t also m>k$ ! que/ionnaire & !n submitt$ x to ,dr4 ,l9d5 :o ord]$ ! insane asylum to transf] ! pati5t to "o ( ! obs]vation in/itutions4 ,(fh& ,i c rememb]1 among o!rs1 ! names ( ! foll[+ obs]vation in/itutions3 ,eglf+-,ha>1 ,kempt51 ,j5a1 ,bu*1 ,arnsb]g4 #aj4 ,at ^! in/itutions ! pati5ts 7 "u ! obs]vation ( ! doctor 9 *>ge = a p]iod ( #a to #c mon?s4 ,! physician _h ! "r to exempt ! pati5t f ! program if he decid$ t ! pati5t 0 n incurable4 ,if he agre$ ) ! op9ion ( ! s5ior exp]t1 ! pati5t 0 transf]r$ to a s-call$ ,eu?anasia ,in/itution4 ,i c recall ! names ( ! ,eu?anasia ,in/itutions-- ,graf5eck--"u ,dr4 ,s*uman4 ,br&5burg--"u ,dr4 ,h5necke4 ,h>!im--"u ,dr4 ,r5naux4 ,sonn5/e9--"u ,dr4 ,s*mal5ba*4 ,hadam>--7,i d n rememb] "u ^: lead]%ip74 ,b]nburg--"u ,dr4 ,behnke or ,dr4 ,beck]4 ,9 ^! in/itutions ! pati5t 0 kill$ by means ( gas by ! doctor 9 *>ge4 ,to ! be/ ( my k1 ab\t fifty to sixty ?\s& p]sons 7 kill$ 9 ?is way f autumn #aici to ! summ] ( #aida4 #aa4 ,! ord] issu$ by ! ,fuehr] to ,br&t & ,b\hl] 0 secret & nev] publi%$4 ,! ,eu?anasia ,program itself 0 kept z secret z possible1 & = ?is reason1 relatives ( p]sons kill$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! program 7 nev] told ! real cause ( dea?4 ,! dea? c]tificates issu$ to ! relatives c>ri$ fictiti\s causes ( dea? su* z he>t failure4 ,all p]sons subject$ to ! ,eu?anasia ,program did n h an opportunity to decide :e!r !y want$ a m]cy dea?1 nor 7 _! relatives contact$ = approval or disapproval4 ,! decision 0 purely )9 ! discretion ( ! doctors4 ,! program 0 n re/rict$ to ^? cases 9 :i* ! p]son 0 89 extremis04 #ab4 ,hitl]'s ultimate reason = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program 9 ,g]many 0 to elim9ate ^? p conf9$ to insane asylums & simil> in/itutions :o c\ld no long] be ( any use to ! ,rei*4 ,!y 7 consid]$ useless objects & ,hitl] felt t by ext]m9at+ ^! s-call$ useless eat]s1 x w\ld be possible to relieve m doctors1 male & female nurses1 & o!r p]sonnel1 hospital b$s & o!r facilities = ! arm$ =ces4 ,rei* ,committee = ,rese>* on ,h]$it>y ,diseases & ,con/itutional ,susceptibility to ,sev]e ,diseases #ac4 ,?is committee1 :i* 0 also a function ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 0 an organization = ! kill+ ( *ildr5 :o 7 born m5tally defici5t or physically de=m$4 ,all physicians assi/+ at bir?s1 midwives1 & mat]nity hospitals 7 ord]$ by ! ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior to report su* cases to ! (fice ( ,dr4 ,l9d5 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior4 ,exp]ts 9 ! m$ical section ( ,dr4 ,br&t's (fice 7 !n ord]$ to give _! op9ion 9 ea* case4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! complete file on ea* case 0 s5t to ! (fices ( ,b\hl] & ,dr4 ,br&t 9 ord] to obta9 _! op9ions & to decide ! fate ( ea* *ild involv$4 ,9 _m cases ^! *ildr5 7 to be op]at$ ^u 9 su* a mann] t ! result 0 ei!r complete recov]y or dea?4 ,dea? result$ 9 a majority ( ^! cases4 ,! program 0 inaugurat$ 9 ! summ] ( #aici4 ,b\hl] told me t ,dr4 ,l9d5 _h ord]s to obta9 ! cons5t ( ! p>5ts ( ea* *ild conc]n$4 ,i d n "k h[ long ?is program cont9u$1 s9ce ,i jo9$ ! ,waff5 ,,ss 9 #aidb4 ,! ,connection betwe5 ! ,eu?anasia ,program & ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,globocnik #ad4 ,9 #aida ,i receiv$ an oral ord] to discont9ue ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,i receiv$ ?is ord] ei!r f ,b\hl] or f ,dr4 ,br&t4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve ! p]sonnel reliev$ ( ^! duties & to h ! opportunity ( />t+ a new ,eu?anasia ,program aft] ! w>1 ,b\hl] reque/$1 ,i ?9k aft] a conf]5ce ) ,himml]1 t ,i s5d ?is p]sonnel to ,lubl9 & put x at ! disposal ( ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] ,globocnik4 ,i !n _h ! impression t ^! p 7 to be us$ 9 ! ext5sive ,jewi% labor camps run by ,globocnik4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 at ! end ( #aidb or ! beg9n+ ( #aidc1 ,i f\nd out t !y 7 us$ to assi/ 9 ! mass ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews1 :i* 0 !n already common k 9 high] ,p>ty circles4 #ae4 ,among ! doctors :o assi/$ 9 ! ,jewi% ext]m9ation program 7 ,eb]le & ,s*umann2 ,s*umann p]=m$ m$ical exp]im5ts on prison]s 9 ,aus*witz4 ,x w\ld h be5 impossible = ^! m5 to p>ticipate 9 su* ?+s )\t ! p]sonal k & cons5t ( ,k>l ,br&t4 ,! ord] to s5d ^! m5 to ! ,ea/ c\ld h be5 giv5 only by ,himml] to ,br&t1 possibly ?r\gh ,b\hl]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #fae-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bdf ,,lett] ,,f ,,dr4 ,,hilfri*1 ,,bi%op ,,( ,,limburg1 ,,to ,,! ,,rei* ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,ju/ice1 #ac ,,augu/ #aida1 ,,prote/+ ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,kill+ ,,( ,,m5tally ,,ill ,,p ,! ,bi%op ( ,limburg ,limburg_/,lahm1 #ac ,augu/ #aida ,to ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice ,b]l9 ,reg>d+ ! report submitt$ on ,july #af 7sub4 ,,iv1 pp4 #f-g7 by ! ,*airman ( ! ,fulda ,bi%ops' ,conf]5ce1 ,c>d9al ,dr4 ,b]tram1 ,i consid] x my duty to pres5t ! foll[+ z a concrete illu/ration ( de/ruction ( s-call$ 8useless life04 ,ab\t #h kilomet]s f ,limburg 9 ! little t[n ( ,hadam>1 on a hill ov]look+ ! t[n1 !re is an in/itution :i* _h =m]ly s]v$ v>i\s purposes & ( late _h be5 us$ z a nurs+ home4 ,?is in/itution 0 r5ovat$ & furni%$ z a place 9 :i*1 by conc5sus ( op9ion1 ! above-m5tion$ eu?anasia has be5 sy/ematically practic$ = mon?s--approximately s9ce ,febru>y #aida4 ,! fact is1 ( c\rse1 kn[n beyond ! adm9i/rative di/rict ( ,wiesbad5 because dea? c]tificates f ! ,hadam>-,mo5*b]g ,regi/ry are s5t to ! home communities4 7,mo5*b]g is ! "n ( ?is in/itution because x 0 a ,franciscan mona/]y prior to its secul>ization 9 #ahjc47 ,sev]al times a week busses arrive 9 ,hadam> ) a consid]able numb] ( su* victims4 ,s*ool *ildr5 ( ! vic9ity "k ?is vehicle & say3 8,!re comes ! murd]-box aga940 ,aft] ! arrival ( ! vehicle1 ! citiz5s ( ,hadam> wat* ! smoke rise out ( ! *imney & are tortur$ ) ! ev]-pres5t ?\ght ( dep5d+ on ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,! effect ( ! pr9ciples at "w "h are t *ildr5 call ea* o!r names & say1 8,y're crazy2 y'll be s5t to ! bak+ ov5 9 ,hadam>40 ,^? :o d n want to m>ry1 or f9d no opportunity1 say1 8,m>ry1 nev]6 ,br+ *ildr5 into ! _w s !y c be put into ! bottl+ ma*9e60 ,y he> old folks say1 8,don't s5d me to a /ate hospital6 ,:5 ! feeble-m9d$ h be5 f9i%$ (f1 ! next useless eat]s ^: turn w come are ! old p40 ,all ,god-fe>+ m5 consid] ?is de/ruction ( helpless be+s a crass inju/ice4 ,& if anybody says t ,g]many _c w9 ! w>1 if !re is yet a j ,god1 ^! expressions are n ! result ( a lack ( love = ! ,fa!rl& b ( a deep conc]n = our p4 ,! population _c grasp ! fact t sy/ematic actions are c>ri$ out :i* 9 accordance ) p>agraph #baa ( ! ,g]man ,p5al ,code are puni%able ) dea?4 ,high au?ority z a moral concept has suff]$ a sev]e %ock z a result ( ^! happ5+s4 ,! (ficial notice t ,n4 ,n4 di$ ( a contagi\s disease &1 !re=e1 8 body _h to be burn$1 no long] f9ds cr$5ce1 & (ficial notices ( ?is k9d :i* are no long] believ$ h fur!r und]m9$ ! e?ical value ( ! concept ( au?ority4 ,(ficials ( ! ,secret ,/ate ,police1 x is said1 are try+ to suppress discussion ( ! ,hadam> occurr5ces by means ( sev]e ?reats4 ,9 ! int]e/ ( public peace1 ?is may be well int5d$4 ,b ! k1 & ! conviction1 & ! indignation ( ! population1 _c be *ang$ by x2 ! conviction w be increas$ ) ! bitt] realization t discussion is prohibit$ by ?reats1 b t ! actions !mselves are n prosecut$ "u p5al law4 ,facta loquuntur4 ,i beg y mo/ humbly1 ,h]r ,rei* ,m9i/]1 9 ! s5se ( ! report ( ! ,episcopate ( #af ,july ( ?is ye>1 to prev5t fur!r transgressions ( ! ,fif? ,comm&m5t ( ,god4 ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,hilfri* ,i am submitt+ copies ( ?is lett] to ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior & to ! ,rei* ,m9i/] = ,*ur* ,affairs4 ,initial$ by ! above ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#dbi ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bha ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,def5dant ,,hov51 #bd ,,octob] #aidf1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,transf] ,,( ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,inmates ,,to ,,eu?anasia ,,/ations ,,= ,,ext]m9ation ,,affidavit ,i1 ,waldem> ,hov51 be+ duly sworn1 depose & /ate3 99 99 99 99 99 ,transf] ( ,inmates to ! ,b]nburg ,eu?anasia ,/ation = ,ext]m9ation ,i became aw>e 9 #aida t ! s-call$ ,eu?anasia ,program = ! ext]m9ation ( ! m5tally & physically defici5t 0 be+ c>ri$ out 9 ,g]many4 ,at t "t1 ! camp comm&ant ,ko* call$ all ! important ,,ss (ficials ( ! camp toge!r & in=m$ !m t he _h receiv$ a secret ord] f ,himml] to ! effect t all m5tally & physically defici5t inmates ( ! camp %\ld be kill$4 ,! camp comm&ant /at$ t high] au?orities f ,b]l9 _h ord]$ t all ! ,jewi% inmates ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp be includ$ 9 ?is ext]m9ation program4 ,9 accordance ) ^! ord]s #cjj to #djj ,jewi% prison]s ( diff]5t nationalities 7 s5t to ! eu?anasia /ation at ,b]nburg = ext]m9ation4 ,a few days lat] ,i receiv$ a li/ ( ! names ( ^? ,jews :o 7 ext]m9at$ at ,b]nburg f ! camp comm&ant & ,i 0 ord]$ to issue falsifi$ dea? c]tificates4 ,i obey$ ?is ord]4 ,?is p>ticul> action 0 execut$ "u ! code "n 8#ad f #ac04 ,i visit$ ,b]nburg on "o occasion to arrange = ! cremation ( two inmates :o di$ 9 ! ,w]nig]ode bran* 7,auss5komm&o ,w]nig]ode7 ( ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #fcj-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ccj ,,lett] ,,f ,,hitl] ,,to ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,& ,,b\hl]1 #a ,,septemb] #aici1 ,,*>g+ ,,!m ,,) ,,! ,,execution ,,( ,,eu?anasia ,lett]head3 ,a4 ,,hitl] ,b]l91 #a ,septemb] #aici ,rei*sleit] ,b\hl] & ,dr4 ,br&t1 ,m4 ,d41 are *>g$ ) ! responsibility ( enl>g+ ! au?ority ( c]ta9 physicians to be designat$ by "n 9 su* a mann] t p]sons :o1 accord+ to human judgm5t1 are incurable c1 ^u a mo/ c>eful diagnosis ( _! condition ( sickness1 be accord$ a m]cy dea?4 ,sign$ ,a4 ,,hitl] ,h&writt5 note ,giv5 to me by ,b\hl] on #bg ,augu/ #aidj ,sign$ ,,dr4 ,,gu]tn] ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#aace ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ccd ,,confirmation1 #cj ,,augu/ #aidj1 ,,( ,,! ,,transf] ,,( ,,m5tal ,,pati5ts ,,) ,,li/ ,,( ,,transf]r$ ,,pati5ts ,,atta*$ ,,confirmation ,9 accordance ) ! decision ( ! ,/ate ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior 7,public ,heal? ,division71 dat$ #h ,janu>y #aidj1 on ord]s f ! ,rei* ,association ( ,m5tal ,in/itutions ,rei*s>beitsgeme9s*aft d] ,heil und ,pflegean/alt5 & z responsible *ief ( ! ,g5]al ,sick ,transport ,company ,g4m4b4,h4 ,geme9nuetzige ,krank5transport ,g4m4b4,h41 ,i h tak5 *>ge ( ! transf] to a ,rei* in/itution ( ! pati5ts enum]at$ 9 ! li/ bel[4 ,eglf+1 #cj ,augu/ #aidj ,signature illegible ,commission] ( ,g5]al ,sick ,transport ,company ,g4m4b4,h4#aaj 99 99 99 99 99 ,,transf] ,,memor&um ,,= ,,ni$]nh>t ,h&$ ov] 7-- #a4 #adi pati5ts ) _! own clo?+1 und]we>1 money1 & belong+s4 #b4 #adi files ) p]sonal records 7case hi/ories74 #c4 ,a li/ ( ! am\nt ( money ( ea* pati5t4 ,a receipt 0 made out = ?is purpose4 #d4 ,a li/ ( ! names4 ,eglf+-,ha>1 #cj-h-dj ,sign$ ,head ,nurse ,,lotte ,,zell ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #afif-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ceg ,,lett] ,,f ,,dr4 ,,conti ,,to ,,! ,,m5tal ,,hospital ,,9 ,,kaufbeur51 #af ,,novemb] #aici1 ,,reque/+ ,,t ,,que/ionnaires 7,,atta*$7 ,,be ,,fill$ ,,out ,,= ,,individual ,,pati5ts2 ,,lett] ,,f ,,! ,,g5]al ,,sick ,,transport ,,company ,,to ,,! ,,m5tal ,,hospital ,,9 ,,kaufbeur51 #ab ,,may #aida1 ,,/at+ ,,t ,,! ,,company ,,w\ld ,,remove ,,m5tal ,,pati5ts2 ,,report ,,f ,,! ,,prov9cial ,,association ,,= ,,social ,,welf>e ,,9 ,,swabia1 #f ,,may #aida1 ,,t ,,all ,,transf]r$ ,,pati5ts ,,_h ,,di$2 ,,lett] ,,f ,,gaum1 #bd ,,novemb] #aidb1 ,,to ,,dr4 ,,le9is* ,,/at+ ,,t ,,epileptics ,,w\ld ,,be ,,made ,,available ,,= ,,rese>* ,! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior ,b]l91 ,,nw #dj1 ,ko5igsplatz #f1 #af ,novemb] #aici ,,iv g #dagh _/#ci-eajj ,telephone3 ,dept4 ,z1 ,i1 ,,ii1 ,v1 ,,viii #aa #jj #bg ,dept4 ,,ii1 ,,iv1 ,,vi 7,unt] d5 ,l9d5 #gb72 #ab #jj #cd ,tel4 ,address3 ,rei*s9n5m9i/]4 ,to ! ,head ( ! ,hospital = ,m5tal ,cases ,kaufbeur5 or 8 deputy 9 ,kaufbeur54 ,) reg>d to ! necessity = a sy/emiz$ economic plan = hospitals & nurs+ in/itutions1 ,i reque/ y to complete ! atta*$ regi/ration =ms imm$iately 9 accordance ) ! atta*$ in/ruction leaflet & to return !m to me4 ,if y y\rself are n a doctor1 ! regi/ration =ms = ! individual pati5ts are to be complet$ by ! sup]vis+ doctor4 ,! completion ( ! que/ionnaires is1 if possible1 to be done on a typewrit]4 ,9 ! column 8,diagnosis0 ,i reque/ a /atem5t z exact z possible1 z well z a %ort description ( ! condition1 if feasible4 ,9 ord] to exp$ite ! "w1 ! regi/ration =ms = ! individual pati5ts c be dispat*$ "h 9 sev]al p>ts4 ,! la/ consignm5t1 h[ev]1 mu/ arrive 9 any case at ?is ,m9i/ry at ! late/ by #a ,janu>y #aidj4 ,i res]ve = myself ! "r1 %\ld occasion arise1 to in/itute fur!r (ficial inquiries on ! spot ?r\gh my repres5tative4 p] proxi3 ,,dr4 ,,conti ,c]tifi$3 7,sd47 ,illegible ,adm9i/rative ,secret>y4 ,regi/ration ,=m #a ,to be typewritt5 ,curr5t ,no4 ,"n ( ! ,in/itution3 ,at3 ,surname & ,*ri/ian "n ( ! pati5t3 ,at bir? ,date ( bir?3 ,place3 ,di/rict3 ,la/ place ( resid5ce ,di/rict3 ,unm>ri$1 m>ri$1 wid[1 wid[]1 divorc$3 ,religion3 ,race#aaa3 ,previ\s pr(ession3 ,nationality3 ,army s]vice :58 #aiad-ah or f #a-i-ci4 ,w> injury 7ev5 if no connection ) m5tal disord]7 ,yes_/,no ,h[ does w> injury %[ itself & ( :at does x consi/8 ,address ( next ( k93 ,regul> visits & by :om 7address73 ,gu>dian or nurse 7"n1 address73 ,responsible = paym5t3 ,s9ce :5 9 ,in/itution ,:5ce & :5 h&$ ov]3 ,s9ce :5 ill3 ,if has be5 9 o!r in/itutions1 :]e & h[ long3 ,tw98 ,yes_/,no ,blood relations ( uns\nd m9d3 ,diagnosis3 ,cl9ical description 7previ\s hi/ory1 c\rse1 condition2 9 any case ample data reg>d+ m5tal condition73 ,v re/less8 ,yes_/,no ,b$ridd58 ,yes_/,no ,incurable physical illness3 ,yes_/,no 7:i*7 ,s*izophr5ia3 ,fre% attack ,f9al condition ,good recov]y ,m5tal debility3 ,weak ,imbecile ,idiot ,epilepsy3 ,psy*ological ,av]age frequ5cy ( ! attacks alt]ation ,!rapeutics 7insul91 c>diazol1 mal>ia1 p]man5t result3 ,salv>san1 etc4 :587 ,yes_/,no ,admitt$ by reason ( p>4 #ea1 p>4 #db;b ,g]man ,p5al ,code1 etc4 ?r\gh ,crime3 ,=m] puni%able (f5ses3 ,mann] ( employm5t 7detail$ description ( "w73 ,p]man5t_/,tempor>y employm5t1 indep5d5t ,work]8 ,yes_/,no ,value ( "w 7if possible comp>$ ) av]age p]=mance ( heal?y p]son7 ,?is space to be left blank4 ,place1 ,date ,signature ( ! head doctor or 8 repres5tative 7doctors :o are n psy*iatri/s or neurologi/s1 please /ate same74 ,g5]al ,sick ,transport ,company1 ,g4m4b4,h4 ,dept4 ,,ii_/d1 ,h_/,k ,b]l91 ,w4 #i1 #ab ,may #aida ,potsdam] ,platz #a4 ,to ! ,director ( ! ,hospital ( ! ,di/rict ,association ( ,swabia1 ,kaufbeur5_/,bav>ia4 ,de> ,director1 ,by ord] ( ! ,rei* ,def5se ,commission]1 ,i mu/ remove m5tal cases f y\r in/itution & f ! bran* at ,irrsee to ano!r in/itution4 ,a total ( #adj p]sons are to be transport$1 #gj on #d ,june & #gj on #e ,june4 ,i =w>d y h]e) ,transport ,li/s ,nos4 #h1 #i1 #aj1 & #aa 9 triplicate4 ,! additional names on ! li/s are int5d$ = possible deficits 7dis*>g$ mean:ile1 di$1 etc474 ,! m>k+ ( ! pati5ts is mo/ suitably done by means ( a /rip ( adhesive tape1 on :i* ! "n is writt5 9 indelible p5cil1 to be pa/$ betwe5 ! %\ld] blades4 ,at ! same "t ! "n is to be put on an article ( clo?+4 ,! hospital reports & p]sonal hi/ories are to be prep>$ = ! transportation & to be h&$ to our director ( transport1 ,h]r ,kuepp]2 9 ! same way1 ! p]sonal possessions ( ! pati5ts1 z well z money & articles ( value4 ,i enclose prop]ty in=mation c>ds & in=mation c>ds z to ! defray] ( ! exp5ses1 :i* mu/ be complet$ accurately & h&$ 9 at ! "t ( transportation4 ,money & articles ( value1 besides be+ not$ on ! prop]ty in=mation c>ds1 mu/ also be not$ on sep>ate special li/s 79 duplicate74 ,transportation takes place3 ,on #d ,june1 #h3df a4 m4 f ,kaufbeur5--#gj pati5ts ,on #e ,june1 #h3df a4 m4 f ,kaufbeur5--#gj pati5ts ,our director ( transport1 ,h]r ,kuepp]1 w visit y ! previ\s day 9 ord] to discuss fur!r details ) y4 ,i fur!r reque/ y to provide ! pati5ts ) food 7#b-c slices ( bread & butt] ea* & "s cans ( c(fee74 ,heil ,hitl]6 7sd7 ,illegible ,g5]al ,sick ,transport ,company1 ,g4m4b4,h4 ,,prov9cial ,,association ,,= ,,social ,,welf>e ,,swabia ,address3 ,augsburg #a1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box ,regi]ungspraesid5t ,tel4 ,no4 #ehdb ,ca%i]'s ,(fice3 ,pr9cipal ,govt4 ,ca%i]'s ,(fice ,augsburg4 ,po/ ,(fice *eck acc\nt3 ,muni* ,no4 #afbd ,director ,dr4 ,faltlhaus]1 ( ! ,hospital1 ,kaufbeur54 ,y\r ref]5ce3 #bjhj4 ,y\r lett] ( #ac ,novemb] #aidj4 ,our ref]5ce3 7mu/ always be ref]r$ to74 ,,ii-,b-#g-b4 ,augsburg1 #f ,may #aida ,conc]n+ ! transf] ( pati5ts4 ,i h ! honor to in=m y t ! female pati5ts transf]r$ f y\r in/itution on #h ,novemb] #aidj to ! in/itutions 9 ,graf5eck1 ,b]nburg1 ,sonn5/e91 & ,h>!im all di$ 9 ,novemb] ( la/ ye>4 ,sign$ ,illegible ,enclosures3 99 99 99 99 99 ,copy ,no4 #ebee c #ci ,/ate ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior ,muni*1 #bd ,novemb] #aidb to ! ,director ( ! ,hospital1 ,kaufbeur51 ,ob]m$4 ,rat ,dr4 ,faltlhaus]4 ,to3 ,*ief ,physician1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,le9is* ,gu5zburg4 ,re lett] ( #ac-aa-aidb4 ,de> ,doctor1 ,9 y\r lett] ( #ac-aa-aidb y reque/$ me to s5d suitable epileptics = ! c>ry+ out ( y\r rese>* "w4 ,i _h an opportunity to discuss ?is ) ! ,ob]m$iz9alraete ,dr4 ,faltlhaus] & ,dr4 ,pfannmuell]4 ,bo? w will+ly deliv] suitable pati5ts to y4 ,= v>i\s reasons pati5ts f ! ,in/itution at ,kaufbeur5 are prim>ily to be *os54 ,if ?is in/itution has no suitable mat]ial1 ,i agree to ! transf] ( pati5ts f ,eglf+-,ha> to ,gu5zburg = y\r rese>* "w4 ,i reque/ t y get 9 t\* ) ,dr4 ,faltlhaus]4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,gaum ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #chif-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #cgb ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,ludwig ,,sprau]1 #bc ,,april #aidf1 ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,eu?anasia ,,program ,,affidavit ,i1 ,dr4 ,ludwig ,sprau]1 born on #ai ,octob] #ahhd1 n[ liv+ at ,kon/anz1 ,bad51 ,salmannsweil]gasse #b1 make ! foll[+ /atem5t "u oa?3 ,i pass$ my /ate exam9ation = m$ic9e 9 ,freiburg 9 #aijg1 & s9ce #aiai 0 active 9 ! civil s]vice4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ #ad ye>s ,i 0 active z ,bezirks>zt 9 ,/ocka*1 ,ob]kir*1 ,kon/anz4 ,i jo9$ ! ,,nsdap 9 #aicc4 ,f #aicd until #aidd ,i 0 ! highe/ m$ical (fic] ( ,bad5 & held ! title ,m9i/]ialrat4 ,my highe/ sup]ior 0 ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 ,dr4 ,frick4 ,z ,frick's subord9ate ,i travel$ sev]al times1 p]haps e #b to #c mon?s to ,b]l91 to take "p 9 discussions1 conf]5ces1 etc41 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,^! took place 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior1 ,b]l91 ,unt] d5 ,l9d5 #gb-gd2 lat] 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior (fice on ,voss-,/rasse4 ,on "o su* occasion 9 ,b]l91 ,dr4 ,l9d51 ,m9i/]ialdirig5t 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior1 /at$ t x 0 plann$ to introduce a eu?anasia law4 ,= milit>y-political reasons to create m space1 ! incurably insane 7 to be done away )4 ,! asylums ?us vacat$ 7 9 "p ask$ = by ! ,,ss to be us$ = national political educational in/itutions4 ,a transportation company 0 f\nd$ = ! execution ( all ^! measures4 ,?is company work$ h& 9 h& ) ! s-call$ ,rei* ,committee = ,rese>* into ,h]$it>y ,ailm5ts4 ,?is ,rei* conc]n 0 manag$ by ,frick's ,m9i/]ialdirig5t ,dr4 ,l9d54 ,9 ! c\rse ( ^! measures f #aida ?r\gh #aidd1 ?\s&s ( p]sons 7 transf]r$ f ,bad5's asylums to places l ,hadam>1 ,graf5eck1 etc41 & 7 kill$ !re4 ,! kill+s1 h[ev]1 7 n solely conf9$ to ! m5tally sick4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! same campaign1 /eps 7 tak5 by ord] ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior to elim9ate p>ticul>ly old b also "y p :o 7 ill4 ,! p]sons kill$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is program includ$ n only ^? :o 7 m5tally sick1 b also ^? :o suff]$ f art]ioscl]osis1 tub]culosis1 canc]1 & o!r ailm5ts4 ,mo/ ( ^? 7 old] p :o 7 inmates ( public in/itutions at ! /ate's exp5se1 & :o 9 a respectable society w\ld h be5 tak5 c>e ( f public funds4 ,^! p 7 br\ght f public asylums 9 ,bad5 to ,hadam>1 ,graf5eck1 & o!r asylums & kill$ !re4 ,9 :at mann] !y 7 kill$1 ,i d n "k4 ,9 ?is way space 0 made available 9 ! in/itutions = ! arm$ =ces & = ! ,national ,sociali/ educational in/itutions4 ,! :ole program 0 cam\flag$ on ! outside & falsifi$ dea? c]tificates 7 made out4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#ebj ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #cgd ,,lett] ,,f ,,! ,,*ief ,,( ,,! ,,in/itution ,,= ,,feeble-,,m9d$ ,,9 ,,/ett5 ,,to ,,dr4 ,,frank1 #f ,,septemb] #aidj1 ,,reque/+ ,,t ,,eu?anasia ,,be ,,c>ri$ ,,out ,,only ,,aft] ,,legal ,,basis ,,0 ,,creat$ ,l4 ,s*lai*1 ,/ett5 i4 ,r4 ,*ief ( ! ,in/itution = ,feeble-,m9d$ & ,epileptics4 ,/ett51 i4 ,r41 #f ,septemb] #aidj ,to ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice1 ,dr4 ,frank ,b]l9 ,de> ,rei* ,m9i/]1 ,! measures at pres5t be+ tak5 ) m5tal pati5ts ( all k9ds h caus$ a complete lack ( confid5ce 9 ju/ice among l>ge gr\ps ( ! p4 ,)\t ! cons5t ( relatives or gu>dians1 su* pati5ts are be+ transf]r$ to diff]5t in/itutions4 ,aft] a %ort "t !y are notifi$ t ! p]son conc]n$ has di$ ( "s disease4 ,9 view ( ! abundance ( dea? notices p are conv9c$ t ^! sick p are be+ done away )4 ,s9ce f ! in/itution "u my direction altoge!r #aej ( ! pati5ts entru/$ to me are to be transf]r$ to su* an in/itution 7#ge on ! #aj? & #ge on ! #ac? ( ,septemb]7 ,i take ! privilege ( ask+3 ,is x possible = su* a measure to be c>ri$ out )\t a p]t95t law hav+ be5 promulgat$8 ,is x n ! duty ( e citiz5 to resi/ "u all circum/ances an act n ju/ifi$ by law1 ev5 =bidd5 by law1 ev5 if su* acts are c>ri$ out by /ate ag5cies8 ,on acc\nt ( ! complete secrecy & cam\flage "u :i* ! measures are c>ri$ out1 n only are ! wilde/ rumors circulat+ among ! p 7= example1 t p unable to "w on acc\nt ( age or injuries receiv$ dur+ ! ,_w ,w> h also be5 done away ) or are to be done away )71 b x seems z if ! selection ( ! p]sons conc]n$ is p]=m$ 9 a :olly arbitr>y mann]4 ,if ! /ate really wants to c>ry out ! ext]m9ation ( ^! or at lea/ ( "s m5tal pati5ts1 %\ldn't a law be promulgat$1 :i* c be ju/ifi$ be=e ! p--a law :i* w\ld give ev]yone ! assurance ( c>eful exam9ation z to :e!r he is due to die or entitl$ to live & :i* w\ld also give ! relatives a *ance to be he>d1 9 a simil> way1 z provid$ by ! law = ! ,prev5tion ( ,h]$it>ily ,affect$ ,prog5y8 ,) reg>d to ! pati5ts entru/$ to ! c>e ( our in/itutions 9 ! future1 ,i urg5tly pray t ev]y?+ possible be done to susp5d ! execution ( ?is measure until a cle> legal situation has be5 e/abli%$4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,s*lai* ,i h =w>d$ a copy ( ?is lett] by ! same mail to ! *ief ( ! ,rei* ,*ancell]y1 ,rei*sm9i/] ,dr4 ,lamm]s4 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#ffj ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #cgg ,,note ,,by ,,sellm]1 #f ,,decemb] #aidj1 ,,describ+ ,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,selection ,,= ,,eu?anasia ,subject3 ,m5tal ,in/itutions ,! foll[+ is = y\r p]sonal in=mation4 ,please de/roy ?is %eet aft]w>ds4 ,= "s "t ! inmates ( m5tal in/itutions h be5 visit$ by a commission :i* functions on ord]s f "s v high (fice4 ,! commission's task is to f9d out :i* inmates %\ld be select$ = transport to c]ta9 o!r in/itutions4 ,! commission bases its decision on ! records ( ! in/itution4 ,! pati5ts :o are !n transf]r$ are exam9$ aga9 9 ! in/itution designat$ by ! commission & !n ! decision is made :e!r !y %\ld be releas$ f _! suff]+s4 ,! body itself is cremat$ & ! a%es are plac$ at ! disposal ( ! relatives4 ,small mi/akes 9 notify+ are naturally always liable to occur1 & 9 ! future x w n be possible to avoid !m4 ,! commission itself is anxi\s to avoid all mi/akes4 ,i c\ld give y fur!r in=mation b ,i w\ld l to ab/a9 f x & beg y to look me up :5 y visit ! ,gauleitung4 ,i believe t we ,national ,sociali/s c welcome ?is action :i* is extraord9>ily s]i\s = ! affect$ individual4 ,i beg y1 !re=e1 to oppose all rumors & grumbl+s ) ! necess>y emphasis by repres5t+ our po9t ( view 9 reg>d to ^! matt]s4 ,nu]nb]g1 #f ,decemb] #aidj ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,sellm] ,gau/absamtsleit] ,/amp ,national ,sociali/ ,g]man ,labor ,p>ty ,gau ,franconia ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#jah ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #djd ,,lett] ,,f ,,himml] ,,to ,,brack1 #ai ,,decemb] #aidj1 ,,reque/+ ,,t ,,eu?anasia ,,/ation ,,graf5eck ,,be ,,discont9u$ ,,& ,,t ,,motion ,,pictures ,,be ,,%[n ,,to ,,dispel ,,rumors ,top ,secret #ai ,decemb] #aidj ,,ss ,/&>t5fuehr] ,viktor ,brack ,/aff ,lead] at ,rei*sleit] ,b\hl]'s ,(fice ,b]l9 ,w #h ,de> ,brack1 ,i he> !re is great excitem5t on ! ,alb because ( ! ,graf5eck ,in/itution4 ,! population recognizes ! gray automobile ( ! ,,ss & ?9k !y "k :at is go+ on at ! con/antly smok+ crematory4 ,:at happ5s !re is a secret & yet is no long] "o4 ,?us ! wor/ feel+ has aris5 !re1 & 9 my op9ion !re rema9s only "o ?+1 to discont9ue ! use ( ! in/itution 9 ?is place & 9 any ev5t dissem9ate in=mation 9 a clev] & s5sible mann] by %[+ motion pictures on ! subject ( inh]it$ & m5tal diseases 9 j t locality4 ,may ,i ask = a report z to h[ ! difficult problem is solv$8 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,initiall$ ,h,,e9ri* ,h,,imml] ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#hdb ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #dje ,,lett] ,,f ,,brack ,,to ,,dr4 ,,s*legelb]g]#aab1 #ah ,,april #aida1 ,,=w>d+ ,,=ms ,,= ,,eu?anasia ,,& ,,sugge/+ ,,t ,,dea? ,,notifications ,,%\ld ,,n ,,foll[ ,a ,,/]eotyp$ ,,=m ,viktor ,brack ,ob]di5/leit] ,b]l91 #ah ,april #aida ,/amp #ba ,p5cil$ #bf ,april #aida ,dept3 ,illegible ,h&writt5 ,gg4 ,/rictly ,confid5tial ,my de> ,p>ty comrade ,dr4 ,s*legelb]g]1 ,h&writt5 ,top ,secret ,accord+ to agreem5t ,i s5d y h]e) a fold] ) =ms ne$$ = y\r asc]ta9m5t & p>tial m$ical prep>ation2 also ano!r fold] ) =ms = fur!r cl]ical elaboration result+ f ! dea? ( ! pati5t4#aac ,! records are secret1 h[ev]1 & ,i w\ld appreciate if y w\ld keep !m "u lock & key4 ,"s m ?+s are1 ( c\rse1 necess>y = prop] record+ & adm9i/rative r\t9e1 b ,i d n believe t !y are ( any int]e/ to y4 ,!reto belong1 = in/ance1 ! dea? notifications to ! relatives ( ! pati5t4 ,^! are to be kept someh[ diff]5t accord+ to ! di/rict & k9d ( relatives2 !y mu/ be alt]$ frequ5tly to avoid /]eotype texts & !re=e a sample lett] w\ld only irritate4 ,i w\ld l to call y\r att5tion especially to ! c>d files ,nos4 #ac & #ad4 ,on _! rev]se sides y w f9d a li/ ( au?orities to be in=m$4 ,:5 aga9 review+ ! files :i* y put at my disposal1 ,i f\nd "s details :i* ought to be cl>ifi$ & settl$2 ,i w\ld be grateful to y = do+ s4 ,!re=e1 ,i %all =w>d !m to y sep>ately on ,monday or ,tuesday next week4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,respectfully y\rs ,sign$ ,,brack ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#aeh ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #daj ,,lett] ,,f ,,hir*e1 ,,adm9i/rator ,,( ,,! ,,m5tal ,,in/itution ,,b]nburg1 ,,to ,,camp ,,comm&ant ,,( ,,! ,,gross-,,ros5 ,,conc5tration ,,camp1 #ai ,,m>* #aidb1 ,,) ,,li/ ,,( ,,inmates ,,transf]r$ ,,f ,,! ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,to ,,b]nburg ,m5tal ,in/itution1 ,b]nburg ,b]nburg1 #ai ,m>* #aidb ,ref]5ce3 ,b e4 v,h4 ,box #bff ,consultation only by appo9tm5t ,to ,/amp ,camp ,comm&ant ,conc5tration ,camp ,gross-,ros5 ,conc5tration ,camp ,adm9i/ration ,gross-,ros5 ,receiv$3 #bc ,m>* #aidb ,initials ,illegible ,regi/]$ ,subject3 ,transport ( #ai ,m>* #aidb ,enclos$ y w f9d a li/ ( ! camp inmates :o arriv$ "h on #ai ,m>* #aidb f y\r conc5tration camp4 ,heil ,hitl]6 ,sign$ ,,hir*e #a ,enclosure 99 99 99 99 99 ,li/ ( ! camp inmates transf]r$ on #ai ,m>* #aidb f ! ,gross-,ros5 conc5tration camp to ,b]nburg #aci_/,k#a4 #ai-c-aidb ,b]nburg 7,gross-,ros57 ,sign$ ,sign$ ,sign$ ,sign$ #aidb #bfgdf #ajdbc ,,bi]1 ,rudolf ,koeln #b4aa4aija divorc$ #ai4c4 #bfgdg #ajdbd ,,beck]s1 ,h]m ,hamburg #ah4i4aibc s+le #ai4c4 #bfgdh #ajddd ,,bajgelmann1 ,isaak ,cz5/o*au #d4h4aiji s+le #ai4c4 #bfgdi #ajdab ,,coh51 ,ar?ur ,isr ,dellwig-,we/f4 #ae4h4aijh s+le #ai4c4 #bfgej #ajdfh ,,eckhaus1 ,h]m ,b]l9 ,c #b1 #a4ab4aibb s+le #ai4c4 #bfgea #ajcie ,,edel1 ,g]h4 ,isr ,nakel1 #cj4e4aiad s+le #ai4c4 #bfgeb #ajddj ,,eisn]1 ,otto ,bo*titz #bf4d4aiaj4 divorc$ #ai4c4 #bfgec #ajdci ,,fleis*n]1 ,ri* ,kol9_/,elbe #bj4ab4aijb m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfged #ajdch ,,fri$1 ,hans1 ,isr ,budweis #h4c4aiai s+le #ai4c4 #bfgee #ajdej ,,haase1 ,siegfri$ ,s*o5lanke #c4h4aibj s+le #ai4c4 #bfgef #ajdcf ,,haus]1 ,max ,ka/el #ae4ab4aijh s+le #ai4c4 #bfgeg #ajcid ,,he*t1 ,jacob1 ,isr ,hamburg-,altona #ah4aj4ahif s+le #ai4c4 #bfgeh #ajdaj ,,lubnicki1 ,jacob ,wupp]tal_/,elb]f4 #bh4f4aiah s+le #ai4c4 #bfgei #ajdji ,,m>kuse1 ,esriel ,w>s*au #ad4c4ahig wid[] #ai4c4 #bfgfj #ajdgj ,,na*mann1 ,eri* ,ulm_/,d4 #f4aj4aijg m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfgfa #ajdjf ,,pollak1 ,he9r ,lemb]g #cj4i4aijd m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfgfb #ajeag ,,pufe1 ,otto ,o/]nburg #af4c4aiag s+le #ai4c4 #bfgfc #ajdba ,,ros5baum1 ,otto ,isr ,muehlheim_/,ruhr #b4f4ahid m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfgfd #ajdhf ,,robalewski1 ,leo ,kl4 ,t>p5 #ae4ab4aiae s+le #ai4c4 #bfgfe #ajeie ,,rose1 ,re9hold ,co*elna #d4e4aijg s+le #ai4c4 #bfgff #ajegi ,,rekel1 ,josef ,t>n[ #aj4a4aiji s+le #ai4c4 #bfgfg #ajdje ,,r\bicek1 ,k>l ,horovice_/,boehm5 #af4f4aijf s+le #ai4c4 #bfgfh #ajegg ,,rwaski1 ,wladislaus ,kszywy/ock #ai4f4aiai s+le #ai4c4 #bfgfi #ajeji ,,ro/1 ,hans ,willi ,apolda_/,weim> #ae4g4aibj s+le #ai4c4 #bfggj #ajfjf ,,s*u5smann1 ,wilh ,witt5b]ge #bc4h4ahib wid[] #ai4c4 #bfgga #ajegf ,,skratak1 ,viktor ,/az[ #e4c4aiji m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfggb #ajege ,,smigielski1 ,/anislaus ,coloneg #be4aj4aiah s+le #ai4c4 #bfggc #ajdbe ,,somm]1 ,ar?ur ,isr4 ,frankfurt_/,m4 #d4ab4aijj s+le #ai4c4 #bfggd #ajegh ,,sikorski1 ,/anislaw ,lubl9 #bg4a4aib s+le #ai4c4 #bfgge #ajdhh ,,somm]1 ,w5zel ,litzmann/adt #g4h4aijg m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfggf #ajdjd ,,seitmann1 ,simon ,w>s*au #ag4ab4ahif wid[] #ai4c4 #bfggg #ajeid ,,s>ba*1 ,he9z ,erfurt #bh4d4aiba s+le #ai4c4 #bfggh #ajdhc ,,s*r(f1 ,k>l ,reil+5_/ ,bad5 #aa4f4aiaj s+le #ai4c4 #bfggi #ajdhd ,,s*ill+1 ,aug ,rake_/,wohlau #i4c4ahif s+le #ai4c4 #bfghj #ajeaf ,,s*uel]1 ,manfr$ ,sonneb]g_/ ,?u]4 ,ri*>d #ag4i4ba s+le #ai4c4 #bfgha #ajdhg ,,s*midt1 ,johann ,nu]nb]g #h4d4aijj divorc$ #ai4c4 #bfghb #ajdbf ,,s*9dl]1 ,ern/ ,isr4 ,s&h(5_/,mannh4 #g4f4aijf s+le #ai4c4 #bfghc #ajdbg ,,spira1 ,alfr$ ,wi51 #bj4aa4aijh s+le #ai4c4 #bfghd #ajded ,,/]n1 ,zudik ,rozniat[ #bh4i4aijh m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfghe #ajdhe ,,/uka1 ,wladimir ,maehr4 ,/]nb]g #h4b4aijg m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfghf #ajdec ,,we9b]g]1 ,eri*1 ,isr4 ,wi5 #af4f4aiaf s+le #ai4c4 #bfghg #ajdeb ,,weisz1 ,ignaz ,munkate%_/,ung>n #cj4f4aiad s+le #ai4c4 #bfghh #ajejc ,,wallzak1 ,!ophil ,hoh5salza #ai4d4aijg s+le #ai4c4 #bfghi #ajeab ,,wels]1 ,k>l ,pilgram_/,prot4 #aj4aa4aiah s+le #ai4c4 #bfgij #ajeje ,,walczyk1 ,josef ,bok[ #bd4b4aijh m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfgia #ajdfa ,,wutk[ski1 ,willi ,max ,graud5z #af4d4aijb divorc$ #ai4c4 #begib #ajejf ,,wozniczka1 ,ignac ,kadziak #h4g4aiaf s+le #ai4c4 #bfgic #ajejd ,,wasol[ski1 ,m>ian ,m>k/a$t #bi4aa4aiji s+le #ai4c4 #bfgid #ajejg ,,w5dol[ski1 ,josef ,w>s*au #g4a4aiab s+le #ai4c4 #bfgie #ajfjd ,,wolf1 ,k>l ,g$ #aj4e4aijc s+le #ai4c4 #bfgif #ajeie ,,zbytniewski1 ,zymunt ,czek>z[ice #a4a4aije s+le #ai4c4 #bfgig #ajeib ,,zbytniewski1 ,zdzislaw ,czek>z[ice #b4c4aiaj m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfgih #ajejb ,,zu*[ski1 ,felike ,lietz5dorf_/,w4 #b4h4ah4 m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfgii #ajefe ,,zimm]mann1 ,willi ,dortmund #aj4b4aiag s+le #ai4c4 #bfhjj #ajeba ,,zdybik1 ,wladislaus ,bor[nica #e4d4aiae s+le #ai4c4 #bfhja #ajdhj ,,zielke1 ,k>l ,but[ #d4b4aijd m>ri$ #ai4c4 #bfhjb #ajdbb ,,birnb]g1 ,m>kus ,kolomea #e4aj4jc divorc$ #ai4c4 ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#ijg ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #dab ,,extract ,,f ,,lett] ,,f ,,dr4 ,,fritz ,,m5necke ,,to ,,8 ,,wife1 #be ,,novemb] #aida1 ,,conc]n+ ,,8 ,,activities ,,z ,,physician ,,select+ ,,inmates ,,( ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,bu*5wald ,,= ,,eu?anasia ,lett] ,no4 #h ,weim>1 #be ,novemb] #aida1 ,hotel ,elephant #bjeh h\rs ,at #g o'clock tomorr[ morn+ we w be awak5$4 ,at ab\t #h o'clock we w h our c(fee & !n we w drive out 9 ,s*mal5ba*'s c>1 b he himself w soon leave = ,dresd5 aga94 ,on ,?ursday & ,friday a meet+ w be held 9 ,pirna 9 connection ) ! action 9 :i* problems ( ! future w be discuss$ & 9 :i* ,s*mal5ba* w take "p z ! m$ical adjutant ( ,h]r ,brack 7,j5n]we974 ,no exp]ts w be pres5t 99 99 994 ,! fir/ work+ day at ,bu*5wald is ov]4 ,at #h3cj ?is morn+ we 7 out !re4 ,at fir/ ,i introduc$ myself to ! au?oritative lead]s4 ,! deputy ( ! camp comm&ant is ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,flor/a$t2 camp physician is ,,ss ,ob]/urmfuehr] ,dr4 ,hov54 ,at fir/ ano!r #dj reports ( a fir/ portion ( ,aryans _h to be complet$4 ,! two o!r colleagues work$ on ^! ye/]day already4 ,out ( ^! #dj ,i work$ up ab\t #ae4 ,aft] ?is :ole portion _h be5 work$ up1 ,s*mal5ba* left = ,dresd54 ,he w n return until our "w "h is done4 ,foll[+ ?is1 ! 8exam9ation0 ( ! pati5ts 0 c>ri$ out1 i4 e41 a pres5tation ( ! individuals & a comp>ison ) ! entries tak5 f ! files4 ,we did n f9i% ?is "w until noon1 because ! o!r two colleagues work$ only 9 !ory ye/]day1 s t ,i _h to 8re-exam9e0 ^? :om ,s*mal5ba* 7& ,i myself ?is morn+7 _h prep>$ & ,muell] did 8 p4 ,at #ab o'clock we /opp$ = lun* 99 99 994 ,aft]w>ds we cont9u$ our exam9ation until ab\t #d o'clock4 ,i myself exam9$ #aje pati5ts1 ,muell] #gh pati5ts1 s t f9ally a total ( #ahc reports 7 ready z a fir/ gr\p4 ,z a second gr\p a total ( #a1bjj ,jews foll[$1 all ( :om d n ne$ to be 8exam9$01 b :]e x is suffici5t to take ! reasons = _! arre/ f ! files 7(t5 v volum9\s67 & to transf] !m to ! reports4 ,!re=e1 x is m]ely !oretical "w :i* w c]ta9ly keep u busy until next ,monday inclusive1 p]haps ev5 long]4 ,( ?is second gr\p 7,jews71 we complet$ today4 ,i myself did #ag1 & ,muell] #ae4 ,at #e o'clock %>p1 8we ?rew away ! tr[el0 & w5t = supp] 99 99 994 ,exactly z ! day ,i describ$ above1 ! foll[+ days w pass--) exactly ! same program & ! same "w4 ,aft] ! ,jews1 ano!r #cjj ,aryans foll[ z a ?ird gr\p :o w aga9 h to be 8exam9$04 ,!re=e1 we are busy "h until ! end ( next week4 ,!n on ,saturday1 #f ,decemb]1 we %all g home4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#ajjg ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #dac ,,circul> ,,f ,,gluecks ,,to ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,comm&ants1 #bg ,,april #aidc1 ,,/at+ ,,t ,,9 ,,! ,,future ,,only ,,insane ,,prison]s ,,%\ld ,,be ,,us$ ,,= ,,action 8#ad ,f #ac0 7,,eu?anasia7 ,,ss ,economic & ,adm9i/rative ,ma9 ,(fice ,division ,*ief ,d ,conc5tration ,camps ,d ,i_/#a_/;,file ,no43 #ad f #ac_/,l_/,s4-- ,secret ,j\rnal ,no4 #fab_/dc ,orani5burg1 #bg ,april #aidc4 ,subject3 ,action #ad f #ac 9 ,conc5tration ,camps4 ,re3 ,our ,ord]--,d ,i_/#a_/;,file ,no4 #ad f #ac_/,ot_/,s4--,secret ,di>y ,no4 #cb_/dc ( #ae ,janu>y '#dc4 ,enclosures3 ,none4 ,/amp ,top ,secret ----? copy ,to ! ,camp ,comm&]s ( ! ,conc5tration ,camps ,da*au1 ,sa*s5haus51 ,bu*5wald1 ,mau?aus51 ,floss5bu]g1 ,neu5gamme1 ,aus*witz1 ,gross-,ros51 ,natzweil]1 ,/ut?(1 ,rav5sbrueck1 ,riga1 ,h]tog5bos*1 ,lubl91 & ,b]g5-,bels54 ,copy to3 ,*ief ( ,amt ,,dii1 ,,iii 9 ! build+4 ,! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,police has decre$ t 9 future only insane prison]s c be select$ = ! ,action #ad f #ac by ! m$ical commissions appo9t$ = ?is purpose4 ,all o!r prison]s unfit = "w 7p]sons suff]+ f tub]culosis1 b$ridd5 invalids1 etc47 are def9itely to be exclud$ f ?is action4 ,b$ridd5 prison]s are to be giv5 suitable "w :i* c be p]=m$ 9 b$4 ,! ord] ( ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss mu/ be /rictly obs]v$ 9 ! future4 ,reque/s = gasol9e = ?is purpose w !re=e be discont9u$4 ,sign$ ,,gluecks ,,ss ,brigadefuehr] & ,g5]almajor ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#hia ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #dad ,,directive ,,( ,,! ,,rei* ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior1 #f ,,septemb] #aidd1 ,,ord]+ ,,eu?anasia ,,ext5d$ ,,to ,,insane ,,ea/]n ,,work]s ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior ,b]l91 #f ,septemb] #aidd g #ibee_/dd ,to3 a4 ,! ,rei* ,gov]nor ,rei*s/at?alt] 7,/ate gov]nm5t7 b4 ,! ,ob]praesid5t5 7adm9i/ration ( ! prov9cial association7 c4 ,! ,c\nty ,presid5ts d4 ,! ,police ,presid5t 9 ,b]l9 e4 ,! ,"l ,mayor ,ob]bu]g]mei/] ( ! ,rei* capital ,b]l94 ,re3 ,m5tally insane ,ea/]n work]s & ,poles--,circul> decrees ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior (--,a g #ibee_/dd-eajj--4 #a4 ,due to ! consid]able numb] ( ,ea/]n work]s & ,poles br\ght into ! ,g]man ,rei* = employm5t1 ! assignm5t ( m5tal cases among !m to ,g]man asylums is con/antly increas+4 ,! purpose ( su* assignm5ts mu/ be 9 any case ! spe$ie/ possible recov]y to work+ ability4 ,?us e means ( mod]n !rapy mu/ also be appli$ to ^? m5tally insane p4 ,b due to lack ( space 9 ,g]man in/itutions !re c be no ju/ification = pati5ts :o are consid]$ incurable &1 !re=e1 unable to "w aga9 9 a reasonably %ort "t to rema9 p]man5tly or = a long "t 9 ,g]man in/itutions4 ,9 ord] to avoid ?is1 ! foll[+ is ord]$3 #b4 ,9 ! foll[+ li/ ,i h e/abli%$ = ea* di/rict 9 ! ,rei* a collective li/ = incurable m5tally insane ,ea/]n work]s & ,poles4 ,!y %\ld be assign$ to ^? in/itutions imm$iately if possible4 ,if ?is is impossible due to urg5cy or to transportation difficulties1 ! in/itution 9 "q %\ld deliv] _! ,ea/]n or ,poli% pati5ts to ! collect+ in/itution 9 _! respective di/rict )9 "o mon? at ! mo/4 ,x is n necess>y to c>ry out ! removal if ! pati5t is consid]$ able to leave ! in/itution )9 #f weeks at ! late/4 #c4 ,x is ! task ( ! collect+ in/itution to decide :e!r ! re/oration ( work+ ability might be consid]$ )9 a reasonable p]iod ( "t4 #d4 ,! exp5ses f ! date ( regi/ration 9 ! collect+ in/itution are to be tak5 ov] by ! head ( ! ,c5tral ,f9ancial ,cle>+ ,(fice ( ! sanatorium 9 ,l9z_/,upp] ,danube1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #cbd1 :i* has to be in=m$ imm$iately ( su* assignm5ts4 ,! fix$ rate = pati5ts ( ! g5]al class w be paid to ! in/itutions4 ,! ,ea/]n work]s & ,poles already assembl$ 9 collect+ in/itutions are to be report$ on a li/ imm$iately to ! ,c5tral ,f9ancial ,cle>+ ,(fice4 ,! exp5ses = ^? pati5t are transf]r$ z f #a ,octob] #aidd to ! ,c5tral ,acc\nts ,(fice4 #e4 ,aft] #d weeks1 at ! late/1 ( ! regi/ration 9 ! collect+ in/itution a %ort report on ! prognosis ( ! case & on ! "q ( work+ ability has to be s5t to ! head ( ! ,c5tral ,f9ancial ,cle>+ ,(fice4 ,x is ! task ( t (fice to direct ! transportation ( pati5ts f ! collect+ in/itutions to ne>by special asylums 9 _! home di/rict4 #f4 ,only ^? p are to be consid]$ z ,poles :o 7 br\ght into ! ,rei* = employm5t4 ,?is decree does n apply to ! local ,poli% population4 #g4 ,! lead]s ( m5tal in/itutions 9 ! di/ricts1 etc41 are to be in=m$ by _! sup]ior (ficials1 & ! lead]s ( welf>e & private in/itutions by _! compet5t high] adm9i/rative au?orities4 ,! requir$ copies are enclos$ h]e)4 ,li/ ( ! collect+ in/itutions #a4 ,= ,ea/ ,prussia1 ,danzig1 & ,we/ ,prussia & ,w>!l&3 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,tieg5h(4 #b4 ,= ,upp] & ,l[] ,silesia & ! ,sudet5gau3 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,lueb54 #c4 ,= ,pom]ania1 ,meckl5burg1 ,kurm>k1 & ,b]l93 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,l&sb]g-,w>!4 #d4 ,= ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 & ,hamburg3 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,s*leswig4 #e4 ,= ,brem51 ,wes]-,ems1 ,hanov]-,ea/1 ,hanov]-,s\?1 & ,brunswick3 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,lu5eburg4 #f4 ,= ! ,rh9e prov9ce1 ,we/phalia1 & ,lippe3 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,bonn4 #g4 ,= ,bad51 ,we/m>k1 ,wu]ttemb]g1 & ,hoh5zoll]n3 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,s*uss5ri$4 #h4 ,= ,bav>ia3 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,kaufbeur54 #i4 ,= ,kurhesse1 ,nassau1 & ,l& ,hesse3 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,hadam>4 #aj4 ,= ,?ur+ia-,l& & ,prov9ce ,saxony1 ,anhalt3 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,pfaff5rode4 #aa4 ,= ! ,alps ,alp5 & ,danube di/ricts3 ,m5tal ,in/itution ,mau]-,oehl+4 ,,by ,,ord]3 ,wiesbad51 #aa ,septemb] #aidd ,l&e%aus #aa;a ,"o copy to ! ,c\nty ,m5tal ,in/itution1 ,ei*b]g4 ,) ! reque/ to ackn[l$ge & to take fur!r /eps4 ,,by ,,ord]3 ,,l&esrat ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t #aeec-,,ps ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #dbh ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,field ,,int]rogation ,,( ,,kurt ,,g]/e91 #bf ,,april #aide1 ,,describ+ ,,! ,,mass ,,gass+ ,,( ,,jews ,,& ,,o!r 8,,undesirables0 ,deposition ( ,kurt ,g]/e9 99 99 99 99 99 ,he>+ ( ! massacres ( idiots & insane p at ,graf5eck1 ,hadam>1 etc41 %ock$ & greatly affect$ me1 hav+ su* a case 9 my family4 ,i _h b "o desire--to ga9 an insight into ?is :ole ma*9]y & !n to %\t x to ! :ole _w6 ,) ! help ( two ref]5ces writt5 by ! two ,ge/apo employees :o _h dealt ) my case1 x 0 n difficult = me to ent] ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,f ,m>* #aj to ,june #b1 #aida1 ,i 0 giv5 elem5t>y in/ruction z a soldi] at ,hamburg-,langehorn1 ,arnhem1 & ,orani5burg1 toge!r ) #dj doctors4 ,because ( my tw9 /udies--te*nology & m$ic9e--,i 0 ord]$ to ent] ! m$ical-te*nology bran* ( ! ,,ss ,fuehrung%auptamt 7,,ss ,op]ational ,ma9 ,(fice7--,m$ical ,bran* ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss--,amtsgruppe ,d 7,division ,d71 ,hygi5e ,dep>tm5t4 ,)9 ?is bran*1 ,i *ose = myself ! job ( imm$iately con/ruct+ dis9fect+ app>atus & filt]s = dr9k+ wat] = ! troops1 ! prison camps1 & ! conc5tration camps4 ,my close k ( ! indu/ry caus$ me to succe$ quickly :]e my pr$ecessors _h fail$4 ,?us1 x 0 possible to decrease consid]ably ! dea? toll ( prison]s4 ,on acc\nt ( my successes1 ,i v soon became lieut5ant4 ,9 ,decemb] #aida ! tribunal :i* _h decre$ my exclusion f ! ,,nsdap obta9$ k ( my hav+ ent]$ ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,consid]able ef=ts 7 made to remove & to p]secute me b1 due to my successes1 ,i 0 decl>$ s9c]e & indisp5sable4 ,9 ,janu>y #aidb ,i 0 appo9t$ *ief ( ! te*nical bran* ( dis9fection1 :i* also includ$ ! bran* deal+ ) /rong poison gases = dis9fection4 ,on #h ,june #aidb ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,gu5!r ( ! ,,r%a ent]$ my (fice4 ,he 0 9 pla9 clo!s & ,i did n "k him4 ,he ord]$ me to get a hundr$ kilograms ( prussic acid & to accompany him to a place :i* 0 only kn[n to ! driv] ( ! truck4 ,we left = ! potassium factory ne> ,coll9 7,prague74 ,once ! truck 0 load$1 we left = ,lubl9 7,pol&74 ,we took ) u ,pr(essor ,pfann5/iel1 ,pr(essor = ,hygi5e at ! ,univ]sity ( ,m>burg on ! ,lahn4 ,at ,lubl91 we 7 receiv$ by ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,globocnik4 ,he told u1 8,?is is "o ( ! mo/ secret matt]s !re are1 ev5 ! mo/ secret4 ,:oev] talks ( ?is %all be %ot imm$iately4 ,ye/]day1 two talkative m5 di$40 ,!n he expla9$ to u t at ! pres5t mom5t--#ag ,augu/ #aidb--!re 7 ?ree in/allations3 #a4 ,belcec1 on ! ,lubl9-,lvov road1 9 ! sector ( ! ,russian dem>cation l9e4 ,maximum #ae1jjj p]sons a day4 ,se56 #b4 ,sobib]1 ,i d n "k exactly :]e x is locat$4 ,n se54 #bj1jjj p]sons p] day4 #c4 ,trebl9ka1 #abj kilomet]s ,,nne ( ,w>saw4 #be1jjj p]sons p] day4 ,se56 #d4 ,maidanek1 ne> ,lubl94 ,se5--9 ! /ate ( prep>ation4 ,globocnik !n said3 8,y w h to h&le ! /]ilization ( v l>ge quantities ( clo!s1 #aj or #bj times ! am\nt ( ! clo?+ & textile collection1 :i* is only arrang$ 9 ord] to conceal ! s\rce ( ^! ,jewi%1 ,poli%1 ,cze*1 & o!r clo!s4 ,y\r o!r duties w be to *ange ! me?od ( our gas *amb]s 7:i* are run at ! pres5t "t ) ! exhau/ gases ( an old ,diesel eng9e71 us+ m poison\s mat]ial1 hav+ a quick] effect3 prussic acid4 ,b ! ,fuehr] & ,himml]1 :o 7 "h on ,augu/ #ae1 ! day be=e ye/]day1 ord]$ t ,i p]sonally %\ld accompany all ^? :o are to see ! in/allations40 ,!n ,pr(essor ,pfann5/iel ask$3 8,:at does ! ,fuehr] say80 ,!n ,globocnik1 n[ ,*ief ( ,police & ,,ss1 f ! ,adriatic ,rivi]a to ,trie/e1 answ]$3 8,quick]1 quick]6 ,c>ry out ! :ole program60 ,& !n ,dr4 ,h]b]t ,l9d51 ,m9i/]ialdirektor 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior said3 8,b w\ld x n be bett] to burn ! bodies in/ead ( bury+ !m8 ,a future g5]ation might ?9k diff]5tly ( ^! matt]s60 99 99 99 ,globocnik repli$3 8,b1 g5tlem51 if aft] u su* a c[>dly & rott5 g5]ation %\ld arise t x does n und]/& our "w :i* is s good & s necess>y1 !n1 g5tlem51 all ,national ,socialism w h be5 = no?+4 ,on ! contr>y1 bronze plaques %\ld be put up ) ! inscription t x 0 we1 we :o _h ! c\rage to a*ieve ?is gigantic task4 ,& ,hitl] said3 #8,yes1 my good ,globocnik1 t is ! ^w1 t is my op9ion1 too4'0 ,! next day we left = ,belcec1 a small special /ation ( two plat=ms aga9/ a hill ( yell[ s&1 imm$iately to ! nor? ( ! ,lubl9-,lvov road & railway4 ,to ! s\?1 ne> ! road 7 "s s]vice h\ses ) a signbo>d3 8,belcec1 ,s]vice ,c5t] ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss40 ,globocnik introduc$ me to ,,ss ,haupt/urmfuehr] ,ob]mey] f ,pirmas5s1 :o ) great re/ra9t %[$ me ! in/allations4 ,no dead 7 to be se5 t day b ! smell ( ! :ole region1 ev5 f ! ma9 road1 0 pe/il5tial4 ,next to ! small /ation !re 0 a l>ge b>rack m>k$ 8,cloakroom10 & a door m>k$ 8,valuables40 ,next to t1 a *amb] ) a hundr$ 8b>b]'s0 *airs4 ,!n came a corridor1 #aej met]s long1 9 ! op5 air & ) b>b$ wire on bo? sides4 ,!re 0 a signbo>d3 8,to ! ba?s & inhalations06 ,be=e u we saw a h\se1 l a ba?h\se1 ) concrete tr\ghs to ! "r & left conta9+ g]aniums or o!r fl[]s4 ,aft] climb+ a small /aircase1 we came to #c g>age-l rooms on ea* side1 #d #e met]s 9 size & #a4ij met]s high4 ,at ! back 7 invisible wood5 doors4 ,on ! ro( 0 a ,/> ( ,david made out ( copp]4 ,at ! entrance to ! build+ 0 ! inscription1 8,heck5holt ,f\ndation40 ,t 0 all ,i notic$ on t p>ticul> aft]noon4 ,next morn+1 a few m9utes be=e #g1 ,i 0 in=m$ t 9 #aj m9utes ! fir/ tra9 w\ld arrive4 ,& inde$1 a few m9utes lat] ! fir/ tra9 came 9 f ,lemb]g ,lvov2 #de c>s1 conta9+ #f1gjj p]sons1 #a1dej ( :om 7 already dead on arrival4 ,beh9d ! little b>b$-wire op5+s 7 *ildr51 yell[1 half sc>$ to dea?1 wom51 & m54 ,! tra9 /opp$2 #bjj ,ukra9ians1 =c$ to d ?is "w1 op5$ ! doors & drove all ! p out ( ! coa*es ) lea!r :ips4 ,!n1 ?r\gh a huge l\d-speak]1 in/ructions 7 giv5 to !m to undress completely & to h& ov] false tee? & glasses--"s 9 ! b>racks1 o!rs "r 9 ! op5 air4 ,%oes 7 to be ti$ toge!r ) a little piece ( /r+ h&$ to ev]yone by a small ,jewi% boy ( #d ye>s ( age2 all valuables & money 7 to be h&$ 9 at ! w9d[ m>k$ 8,valuables01 )\t receipt4 ,!n ! wom5 & girls 7 to g to ! hairdress] :o cut (f _! hair 9 "o or two /rokes1 aft] :i* x vani%$ into huge potato bags 8to be us$ = special subm>9e equipm5t1 door mats1 etc401 z ! ,,ss ,unt]s*>fuehr] on duty told me4 ,!n ! m>* began4 ,to ! "r & left1 b>b$ wire2 beh9d1 two doz5 ,ukra9ians ) guns4 ,l$ by a "y girl ( /rik+ beauty !y approa*$4 ,) ,police ,capta9 ,wir?1 ,i /ood "r 9 front ( ! dea? *amb]s4 ,completely nak$1 !y m>*$ by1 m51 wom51 girls1 *ildr51 babies1 ev5 "o-legg$ p]sons1 all ( !m nak$4 ,9 "o corn]1 a /rong ,,ss man told ! poor devils 9 a /rong deep voice3 8,no?+ :atev] w happ5 to y4 ,all y h to d is to brea! deeply2 x /r5g!ns ! lungs4 ,?is inhalation is a necess>y measure aga9/ contagi\s diseases2 x is a v good dis9fectant60 ,ask$ :at 0 to become ( !m1 he answ]$3 8,well1 ( c\rse ! m5 w h to "w1 build+ /reets & h\ses4 ,b ! wom5 d n h to4 ,if !y wi% !y c help 9 ! h\se or ! kit*540 ,once m1 a little bit ( hope = "s ( ^! poor p1 en\gh to make !m m>* on )\t resi/ance to ! dea? *amb]s4 ,mo/ ( !m1 ?\gh1 knew ev]y?+1 ! smell _h giv5 !m a cle> indication ( _! fate4 ,& !n !y walk$ up ! little /aircase--& behold ! picture3 ,mo!rs ) babies at _! brea/s1 nak$1 lots ( *ildr5 ( all ages1 nak$ too2 !y hesitate1 b !y ent] ! gas *amb]s1 mo/ ( !m1 )\t a ^w1 pu%$ by ! o!rs beh9d !m1 *as$ by ! :ips ( ! ,,ss m54 ,a ,jewess ( ab\t #dj ye>s ( age1 ) eyes l tor*es1 calls d[n ! blood ( h] *ildr5 on ! heads ( _! murd]]s4 ,five la%es 9 h] face1 dealt by ! :ip ( ,police ,capta9 ,wir? himself1 drive h] into ! gas *amb]4 ,_m ( !m say _! pray]s2 o!rs ask1 8,:o w give u ! wat] = our dea?80 ,)9 ! *amb]s1 ! ,,ss press ! p closely toge!r2 ,capta9 ,wir? _h ord]$ 8,fill !m up full40 ,nak$ m5 /& on ! feet ( ! o!rs4 #gjj-hjj cru%$ toge!r on #be squ>e met]s1 9 #de cubic met]s6 ,! doors are clos$6 ,mean:ile ! re/ ( ! transport1 all nak$1 wait$4 ,somebody said to me3 8,nak$1 9 w9t]6 ,en\gh to kill !m60 ,! answ] 03 8,well1 t's j :at !y are "h =60 ,& at t mom5t ,i und]/ood :y x 0 call$ ! ,heck5holt ,f\ndation4 ,heck5holt 0 ! man 9 *>ge ( ! ,diesel eng9e1 ! exhau/ gases ( :i* 7 to kill ^! poor devils4 ,,ss ,unt]s*>fuehr] ,heck5holt tri$ to set ! ,diesel eng9e go+1 b x w\ld n />t6 ,capta9 ,wir? came along4 ,x 0 obvi\s t he 0 afraid because ,i 0 a witness ( ?is breakd[n4 ,yes1 inde$1 ,i saw ev]y?+ & wait$4 ,ev]y?+ 0 regi/]$ by my /op wat*4 #ej m9utes--#gj m9utes--! ,diesel eng9e did n />t6 ,! p wait$ 9 _! gas *amb]s--9 va94 ,"o c\ld he> !m cry4 8,j z 9 a synagogue10 says ,,ss ,/urmbannfuehr] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,pfann5/iel1 ,pr(essor = ,public ,heal? at ! ,univ]sity ( ,m>burg_/,lahn1 hold+ 8 e> close to ! wood5 door6 ,capta9 ,wir?1 furi\s1 dealt ! ,ukra9ian :o 0 help+ ,heck5holt #aa or #ab la%es 9 ! face ) 8 :ip4 ,aft] #b h\rs & #di m9utes--z regi/]$ by my /op wat*--! ,diesel eng9e />t$4 ,up to t mom5t ! p 9 ! f\r *amb]s already fill$ 7 /ill alive--#d times #gej p]sons 9 #d times #de cubic met]s6 ,ano!r #be m9utes w5t by4 ,_m ( ! p1 x is true1 7 dead by t "t4 ,"o c\ld see t ?r\gh ! little w9d[ z ! electric lamp reveal$ = a mom5t ! inside ( ! *amb]4 ,aft] #bh m9utes only a few 7 alive4 ,aft] #cb m9utes all 7 dead6 ,f ! o!r side1 ,jewi% work]s op5$ ! wood5 doors4 ,9 return = _! t]rible job1 !y _h be5 promis$ _! fre$om & a small p]c5tage ( ! valuables & ! money f\nd4 ,! dead 7 /ill /&+ l /one /atues1 !re hav+ be5 no room = !m to fall or b5d ov]4 ,?\gh dead1 ! families c\ld /ill be recogniz$1 _! h&s /ill clasp$4 ,x 0 difficult to sep>ate !m 9 ord] to cle> ! *amb] = ! next load4 ,! bodies 7 ?r[n out blue1 wet ) sweat & ur9e1 ! legs cov]$ ) excrem5t & m5/rual blood4 ,ev]y:]e among ! o!rs 7 ! bodies ( babies & *ildr54 ,b !re is no "t6--,two doz5 work]s 7 busy *eck+ ! m\?s1 op5+ !m ) iron hooks--8,gold on ! left1 no gold on ! "r60 ,o!rs *eck$ anus & g5itals to look = money1 diamonds1 gold1 etc4 ,d5ti/s ) *isels tore out gold tee?1 bridges1 or caps4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ev]y?+ 0 ,capta9 ,wir?4 ,he 0 on famili> gr\nd "h4 ,he h&$ me a l>ge t9 full ( tee? & said3 8,e/imate = y\rself ! weight ( gold6 ,?is is only f ye/]day & ! day be=e6 ,& y w\ld n believe :at we f9d "h e day6 ,doll>s1 diamonds1 gold6 ,b look = y\rself60 ,!n he l$ me to a jewel] :o 0 9 *>ge ( all ^! valuables4 ,aft] t !y took me to "o ( ! manag]s ( ! big /ore1 ,kaufhaus des ,we/5s1 9 ,b]l91 & to a little man :om !y made play ! viol94 ,bo? 7 *iefs ( ! ,jewi% work] units4 8,he is a capta9 ( ! ,royal & ,imp]ial ,au/rian ,army1 & has ! ,g]man ,iron ,cross #a/ ,class10 ,i 0 told by ,haupt/urmbannfuehr] ,ob]mey]4 ,! bodies 7 !n ?r[n into l>ge dit*es ab\t #ajj #bj #ab met]s locat$ ne> ! gas *amb]s4 ,aft] a few days ! bodies w\ld swell up & ! :ole cont5ts ( ! dit* w\ld rise #b-c met]s high because ( ! gases :i* develop$ inside ! bodies4 ,aft] a few m days ! swell+ w\ld /op & ! bodies w\ld collapse4 ,! next day ! dit*es 7 fill$ aga91 & cov]$ ) #aj c5timet]s ( s&4 ,a little lat]1 ,i he>d1 !y con/ruct$ grills out ( rails & burn$ ! bodies on !m ) ,diesel oil & gasol9e 9 ord] to make !m disappe>4 ,at ,belcec & ,trebl9ka nobody bo!r$ to take any?+ approa*+ an exact c\nt ( ! p]sons kill$4 ,actually1 n only ,jews1 b _m ,poles & ,cze*s1 :o1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,nazis1 7 ( bad /ock1 7 kill$4 ,mo/ ( !m di$ anonym\sly4 ,commissions ( s-call$ doctors1 :o 7 actually no?+ b "y ,,ss m5 9 :ite coats1 rode 9 lim\s9es ?r\gh ! t[ns & villages ( ,pol& & ,cze*oslovakia to select ! old1 tub]cul>1 & sick p & h !m done away ) %ortly aft]w>ds 9 ! gas *amb]s4 ,!y 7 ! ,poles & ,cze*s ( category ,no4 ,,iii1 :o did n des]ve to live because !y 7 unable to "w4 ,police ,capta9 ,wir? ask$ me n to propose any o!r k9d ( gas *amb] 9 ,b]l91 b to leave ev]y?+ ! way x 04 ,i li$--z ,i did 9 ea* case all ! "t--& said t ! prussic acid _h already det]iorat$ 9 %ipp+ & _h become v dang]\s1 t ,i 0 !re=e oblig$ to bury x4 ,?is 0 done "r away4 ,! next day1 ,capta9 ,wir?'s c> took u to ,trebl9ka1 ab\t #ge miles ,,nne ( ,w>saw4 ,! in/allations ( ?is dea? c5t] sc>cely diff]$ f ^? at ,belcec1 b !y 7 ev5 l>g]4 ,!re 7 eight gas *amb]s & :ole m\nta9s ( clo!s & und]we> ab\t #ce-dj met]s high4 ,!n a banquet 0 giv5 9 our 8honor10 att5d$ by all ! employees ( ! in/itution4 ,! ,ob]/urmbannfuehr]1 ,pr(essor ,pfann5/iel1 ,hygi5e ,pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity ( ,m>burg_/,lahn1 made a spee*3 8,y\r task is a great duty1 a duty useful & necess>y40 ,to me alone he talk$ ( ?is in/itution 9 t]ms ( 8beauty ( ! task02 8humane cause02 & speak+ to all ( !m he said3 8,look+ at ! bodies ( ^! ,jews1 "o und]/&s ! greatness ( y\r good "w60 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,no-#cfe ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ejg ,,unsign$ ,,draft ,,lett] ,,f ,,dr4 ,,wetzel ,,to ,,ros5b]g1 #be ,,octob] #aida1 ,,deal+ ,,) ,,brack',s ,,collaboration ,,9 ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,gas ,,*amb]s ,,= ,,! ,,ext]m9ation ,,( ,,jews 8,draft0 p5cil$ notation ,rei* ,m9i/ry = ! ,occupi$ ,t]ritories ,ref]5t ,,agr4 ,dr4 ,wetzel ,b]l91 #be ,octob] #aida ,secret ,re3 ,solution ( ! ,jewi% ,"q4 ,to ! ,rei* ,commission] = ! ,ea/4 ,re3 ,y\r ,report ( #d ,octob] #aida ,conc]n+ ,solution ( ! ,jewi% ,"q4 ,ref]r+ to my lett] ( #ah ,octob] #aida1 y are in=m$ t ,ob]di5/leit] ,brack ( ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr] has decl>$ himself ready to collaborate 9 ! manufacture ( ! necess>y %elt]s z well z ! gass+ app>atus4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ! app>atus 9 "q are n on h& 9 ! ,rei* 9 suffici5t numb]2 !y w fir/ h to be manufactur$4 ,s9ce 9 ,brack's op9ion ! manufacture ( ! app>atus 9 ! ,rei* w cause m difficulty ?an if manufactur$ on ! spot1 ,brack deems x mo/ exp$i5t to s5d 8 p directly to ,riga1 especially 8 *emi/ ,dr4 ,kallmey]1 :o w h ev]y?+ fur!r done !re4 ,ob]di5/leit] ,brack po9ts out t ! process 9 "q is n )\t dang]1 s special protective measures are necess>y4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ,i beg y to turn to ,ob]di5/leit] ,brack1 9 ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr]1 ?r\gh y\r ,high] ,,ss & ,police ,lead]1 & to reque/ ! dispat* ( ! *emi/ ,dr4 ,kallmey]1 z well z ( fur!r aides4 ,i draw att5tion to ! fact t ,/urmbannfuehr] ,ei*mann1 ! ,ref]5t = ,jewi% que/ions 9 ! ,,r%a1 is 9 agreem5t ) ?is process4 ,on in=mation f ,/urmbannfuehr] ,ei*mann1 camps = ,jews are to be set up 9 ,riga & ,m9sk to :i* ,jews f ! old ,rei* t]ritory may possibly be s5t4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ,jews be+ deport$ f ! old ,rei* are to be s5t to ,litzmann/adt ,lodz1 b also to o!r camps1 to be lat] us$ z labor 9 ! ,ea/1 s f> z !y are able to "w4 ,z affairs n[ /&1 !re are no objections aga9/ do+ away ) ^? ,jews :o are n able to "w--) ! ,brack rem$y4 ,9 ?is way occurr5ces w\ld no long] be possible su* z ^? :i*1 accord+ to a report pres5tly be=e me1 took place at ! %oot+ ( ,jews 9 ,vilna ,vilnyus & :i*1 consid]+ t ! %oot+s 7 public1 7 h>dly excusable4 ,^? able to "w1 on ! o!r h&1 w be transport$ to ! ,ea/ = labor s]vice4 ,x is self-und]/ood t among ! ,jews capable ( "w1 m5 & wom5 are to be kept sep>ate4 ,i beg y to advise me reg>d+ y\r fur!r /eps4 8,n4 d4 ,h4 ,m40 ,lightly p5cil$ notation1 mean+ copy = ! ,m9i/]4 8,wet #be_/aj0 9 ink ,,p>tial ,,translation ,,( ,,docum5t ,,k>l ,,br&t #ah ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,def5se ,,exhibit #ae ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,w]n] ,,kir*]t1 #bi ,,janu>y #aidg1 ,,/at+ ,,t ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,0 ,,n ,,involv$ ,,9 ,,! ,,eu?anasia ,,program 99 99 99 99 99 ,z a =m] m$ical (fic] ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,i _h 9 #aici a cl9ical assignm5t z m$ical assi/ant 9 ! ,univ]sity ,cl9ic ( ! ,*>it 9 ,b]l94 ,9 ,septemb] #aici ,rei* ,physician ,,ss ,dr4 ,grawitz summon$ me & ask$ me to make a li/ ( ! ,g]man lunatic asylums & ! numb] ( _! inmates1 bas$ on ! data 9 ! ,rei* m$ical cal5d>4 ,! reason1 ,i 0 told1 0 ! fact t1 due to ! evacuation ( ! ,we/ ,wall zone1 ! inmates _h to be transf]r$ to o!r asylums4 ,aft] ,i _h f9i%$ compil+ ! li/ & _h h&$ x 91 ,grawitz s5t me to ,dr4 ,hevelmann at ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr]4 ,!re ,i le>n$ t x 0 actually a matt] ( eu?anasia ( ! insane1 & t ! transf] 0 only a pretext4 ,x 0 po9t$ out to me t x 0 on direct ord]s f ! ,fuehr] & t ,rei*sleit] ,b\hl] _h be5 in/ruct$ to c>ry x out4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at fir/1 ?ree in/itutions 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,g]many 7 m5tion$4 ,! insane p :o 7 to come "u ! program 7 to be select$1 & ,heyde1 z *ief exp]t1 res]v$ ! f9al decision = himself4 ,ev]y?+ 0 to be bas$ on /rictly m$ical views & only su* p]sons 7 to be select$ :o 9 a psy*iatric s5se c\ld be call$ 8sie*0 7incurably ill74 99 99 99 99 99 ,dur+ all ! negotiations ! names :i* 7 m5tion$ ( ! p]sons :o took "p 7 ,grawitz1 ,hevelmann1 ,heyde1 ,blank5burg1 ,brack1 & ,b\hl]4 ,n a s+le ^w 0 said ab\t ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t4 ,ev]y?+ at t "t 0 /ill 9 ! e>ly /ages4 ,lat] ! problem arose aga91 :5 ,i 0 dep>tm5t head ) ,rei* ,heal? ,lead] ,dr4 ,conti2 t 0 at ! end ( ! summ] ( #aida :5 ! ,fuehr]'s ord] came t eu?anasia %\ld be /opp$4 ,b "h too ! "n ( ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t 0 nev] m5tion$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translation ,,( ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,docum5t #ai ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,def5se ,,exhibit #af ,,affidavit ,,( ,,alfr$ ,,rueggeb]g1 #bc ,,janu>y #aidg1 ,,conc]n+ ,,radio ,,discussions ,,on ,,eu?anasia ,i1 ,alfr$ ,rueggeb]g1 factory own] 9 ,m>i5heide1 h be5 told by ! c]tify+ not>y t ,i am liable to puni%m5t if ,i make a false /atem5t "u oa?4 ,i decl>e "u oa? t my /atem5t is true & is be+ made to be pres5t$ z evid5ce to ! ,milit>y ,tribunal ,i1 at ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice 9 ,nu]nb]g1 ,g]many3 ,9 summ] #aide ,i li/5$ to a ,,bbc broadca/ f ,engl&1 :i* 0 an int]view betwe5 ! ,engli% radio comm5tator 7z f> z ,i rememb] x 0 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,graham7 & ,pa/or von ,bodels*w+h ( ,be!l4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is int]view ,pa/or von ,bodels*w+h po9t$ out t a numb] ( ye>s ago ! place n[ occupi$ by ! radio comm5tator _h be5 occupi$ by ,pr(essor ,br&t & ,h]r ,b\hl] :o1 "u ,hitl]'s ord]s1 7 discuss+ que/ions on eu?anasia4 ,que/ion$ by ! comm5tator1 ,pa/or von ,bodels*w+h said almo/ lit]ally--9 any case 9 effect--! foll[+3 8,y mu/ n picture ,pr(essor ,br&t z a crim9al1 b r z an ideali/40 ,?is radio talk left me "u ! impression t ,pa/or ,bodels*w+h did n agree ) ! nature ( ,pr(essor ,br&t's activities1 yet he _h a favorable op9ion ( 8 human qualities4 ,gumm]sba*1 #bc ,janu>y #aidg4 ,sign$ ,,alfr$ ,,rueggeb]g ,,translation ,,( ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,docum5t #bc ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,def5se ,,exhibit #ai ,,affidavit ,,( ,,edu>d ,,wo]mann1 #ah ,,janu>y #aidg4 ,,conc]n+ ,,discussions ,,( ,,k>l ,,br&t ,,& ,,pa/or ,,bodels*w+h ,,on ,,eu?anasia ,! ,director ( ! ,in/itution ,be!l ,dpt4 ,be!l-(fice ,be!l1 ne> ,bielefeld1 #ah ,janu>y #aidg ,,affidavit ,i1 ! und]sign$ ,pa/or ,edu>d ,wo]mann 9 ,be!l ne> ,bielefeld1 h be5 in=m$ t ,i am liable to puni%m5t if ,i %\ld give a false /atem5t "u oa?4 ,i h]eby affirm ! foll[+3 ,! director ( ! ,bodels*w+h in/itutions 9 ,be!l ne> ,bielefeld1 ,pa/or ,d4 ,fri$ri* von ,bodels*w+h1 :o di$ #d ,janu>y #aidf1 _h sev]al discussions ) ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t on ! "q ( 8! extirpation ( life n wor? liv+01 9 ,febru>y #aida & dur+ ! foll[+ mon?s4 ,pa/or ,d4 ,bodels*w+h report$ ab\t ?is only v discreetly )9 a v close circle ( c[ork]s1 to :i* ,i belong$4 ,he emphasiz$ !n t-- #a4 ,?\gh !y held fundam5tally diff]5t views ( ^! measures1 he _h met a will+ness on ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t's "p to he> ! objections4 #b4 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t _h talk$ ab\t 8completely ext+ui%$ life01 :ile o!r expon5ts ( ^! measures bas$ !m ^u ! =mula 8incurable0 or 8hopeless04 #c4 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,br&t 0 aw>e ( ! fallibility ( ^! measures1 & he 0 prompt$ to act1 n by brutality1 b by a c]ta9 idealism :i* 0 inh]5t 9 8 conception ( life4 ,i give my p]mission = ?is /atem5t to be pres5t$ z evid5ce to ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal ,i 9 ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice 9 ,nu]nb]g4 ,sign$ ,,edu>d ,,wo]mann ,,translation ,,( ,,pokorny ,,docum5t #ai ,,pokorny ,,def5se ,,exhibit #bg ,,affidavit ,,( ,,dr4 ,,helmu? ,,weese1 #ai ,,m>* #aidg1 ,,conc]n+ ,,use ,,( ,,caladium ,,segu9um ,,= ,,/]ilization ,i1 ! und]sign$1 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,helmu? ,weese1 resid5t ( ,wupp]tal-,elb]feld1 h fir/ be5 duly w>n$ t ,i %all be subject to puni%m5t if ,i give a false affidavit4 ,i decl>e "u oa? t my /atem5t is true & 0 made to be introduc$ z evid5ce be=e ! ,milit>y ,tribunal ,i 9 ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice ( ,nu]nb]g1 ,g]many4 ,:5 ! "q is put to me :e!r x is to be assum$ t a doctor1 aft] /udy+ ! monograph by ,g4 ,madaus & ,fr4 ,e4 ,ko*3 8,/udies ( ,animal ,exp]im5ts10 p]ta9+ to ! "q ( /]ilization by m$ication 7by means ( caladium segu9um 7dieff5ba*ia segu9a771 ,j\rnal = ! ,entire ,exp]im5tal ,m$ic9e1 vol4 #aji1 p4 #fh1 #aida1 c\ld become conv9c$ t human be+s c be /]iliz$ ) caladium segu9um1 ,i h ! foll[+ to say ab\t x3 ,x is po9t$ out 9 ! inve/igation ref]r$ to above t ! au?ors succe$$ 9 /]iliz+ rats by fe$+ !m ) extract ( caladium segu9um4 ,?is is prov$ by mat+ exp]im5ts z well z by anatomical inve/igations4 ,9 ord] to effect ?is /]ilization ( bo? female & male rats1 daily doses ( cc4 = ea* rat weigh+ f #aej-ahj grams _h to be adm9i/]$ #cj-ej times & #dj-ij times daily1 respectively1 )\t be+ c]ta9 ( successful results4 ,to apply ?is to a man weigh+ #gj kilograms1 x w\ld mean adm9i/]+ #bjj grams ( extract daily4 ,! inve/igations %[ abundantly t a consid]able numb] ( animals treat$ p]i%$ f ! poison\s effects ( ! caladium extract4 ,! extract !re=e has no specific effect on ! reproductive sy/em4 ,x is /ill completely unkn[n :e!r ^! h>mful second>y effects are due to an elem5t 9 ! extract or "s k9d ( accompany+ +r$i5ts4 ,su* types ( unspecific injuries ( ! reproductive sy/em are kn[n to be caus$ 9 man 9 a simil> mann] also by o!r ag5ts1 = example1 by ! excessive misuse ( nicot9e1 morph9e1 & ! l1 9 :i* case1 h[ev]1 !y too appe> only along ) mo/ sev]e impairm5t ( o!r functions4 ,fir/ ( all e doctor faces ! "q z to :e!r ^! exp]im5ts on rats are at all applicable to m54 ,madaus & ,ko* reject ?is f ! />t1 because = !m x is m]ely a "q ( det]m9+ :e!r ! popul> m$ical practice ( mak+ m5 impot5t by adm9i/]+ sizable quantities ( caladium extract c be corroborat$ by animal exp]im5ts4 ,! pr]equisite = adm9i/]+ caladium extract to human be+s 9 our c\ntries w\ld be ! plant+ 9 ,c5tral ,europe ( caladium segu9um1 ! habitat ( :i* is 9 tropical ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,?is seems extremely improbable ev5 to an only mod]ately exp]i5c$ natural sci5ti/4 ,ev5 if ! plant+ 7 successful1 ?is w\ld n necess>ily mean t x produces1 9 our mod]ate zone1 ! same effective ag5ts 9 a suffici5t quantity4 ,because ( ! unspecific effect ( ! caladium extract1 its virul5tly poison\s quality1 ! d\bt z to :e!r x c be plant$ & us$ 9 our mod]ate zone1 ,i consid] x extremely improbable t ev5 a doctor ( only av]age education w attempt ) conviction ! exp]im5t ( /]iliz+ human be+s ) caladium extract on ! basis ( ! "w ( ,madaus & ,ko*4 ,conv9c+ pap]s = ! problem ref]r$ to o!r ?an ! "w ( ,madaus & ,ko* are n kn[n to me4 ,wupp]tal-,elb]feld #ai ,m>* #aidg ,sign$ ,,pr(4 ,,dr4 ,,helmu? ,,weese ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,m5necke#aad ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,doctor1 7 all ! conc5tration camp inmates select$ actually insane8 ,,witness ,,m5necke3 ,no4 ,q4 ,w y expla9 y\r answ] please8 ,a4 ,by insanity we mean a disease :i* %[s *>act]i/ic int]f]5ces ) m5tal activity4 ,i w n describe !m b m]ely call !m *>act]i/ics4 ,t is :at we mean by insanity4 ,?is condition 0 n preval5t 9 ! majority ( cases among inmates 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,q4 ,7 any inmates select$ only = ! reason t !y 7 unable to "w8 ,a4 ,t is possible4 ,q4 ,7 p select$ :o _h diseases o!r ?an ^? ( ! m9d1 su* z tub]culosis8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,su* p 7 also includ$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,r$irect ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,! la/ "q1 ,dr4 ,m5necke4 ,w\ld y be will+ to tell ! ,tribunal h[ y n[ feel ab\t y\r p>ticipation 9 ! 8eu?anasia0 program8 ,,witness ,,m5necke3 ,yes4 ,i am will+ to say some?+ on t subject4 ,i deeply regret ! fact t ,i 0 drawn into ?is program 9 #aidj4 ,aft] ! collapse1 :5 ! total ext5t ( ! ext]m9ation ( human be+s became kn[n to ! public--& to me = ! fir/ "t--,i 0 a%am$ t ,i _h ev] _h any "p 9 ?is program 7ev5 ?\gh 9 a subord9at$ position71 & ,i am /ill a%am$ today4 ,t is :at ,i h to say4 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,?ank y1 ,dr4 ,m5necke4 ,i h no fur!r que/ions4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,brack#aae ,,exam9ation ,,judge ,,sebr+3 ,witness1 :5 adult p]sons 7 select$ = eu?anasia & s5t by ! transport to eu?anasia /ations = t purpose1 by :at me?ods 7 ! m]cy dea?s giv58 ,,def5dant ,,brack3 ,! pati5ts w5t to a eu?anasia in/itution aft] ! writt5 =malities 7 conclud$--,i ne$ n repeat ^! =malities "h1 !y 7 physical exam9ation1 comp>ison ( ! files1 etc4 ,!n ! pati5ts 7 l$ to a gas *amb] & 7 !re kill$ by ! doctors ) c>bon monoxide gas 7,,co74 ,q4 ,:]e 0 t c>bon monoxide obta9$1 by :at process8 ,a4 ,x 0 9 a compress$ gas conta9]1 l a /eel oxyg5 conta9]1 su* z is us$ = weld+--a holl[ /eel conta9]4 ,q4 ,& ^! p 7 plac$ 9 ?is *amb] 9 gr\ps1 ,i suppose1 & !n ! monoxide 0 turn$ into ! *amb]s8 ,a4 ,p]haps ,i _h bett] describe ?is 9 "s detail4 ,b\hl]'s basic requirem5t 0 t ! kill+ %\ld n only be pa9less1 b also imp]ceptible4 ,= ?is reason1 ! photograph+ ( ! pati5ts1 :i* 0 only done = sci5tific reasons1 took place be=e !y ent]$ ! *amb]1 & ! pati5ts 7 completely div]t$ !reby4 ,!n !y 7 l$ into ! gas *amb] :i* !y 7 told 0 a %[] room4 ,!y 7 !n 9 gr\ps ( p]haps #bj or #cj4 ,!y 7 gass$ by ! doctor 9 *>ge4 ,q4 ,h y ev] be5 pres5t :5 a m]cy dea? 0 accord$ to ^! p by t process8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i _h to be pres5t because ,b\hl] want$ a report on :e!r ?+s 7 be+ done accord+ to 8 ord]s1 & 9 a dignifi$ & n a brutal fa%ion4 ,q4 ,& y f\nd f y\r inspection & witness+ ^! c]emonies t !y 7 be+ done 9 accordance ) ,b\hl]'s ord]s1 9 a dignifi$ & pa9less sort ( way8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,b let me say ,i 0 already conv9c$ t ! me?od 0 pa9less4 ,& ,i also saw t by ?is me?od ! pati5t did n realize t he 0 ab\t to be kill$4 ,!re 7 b5*es & *airs 9 ! *amb]4 ,a few m9utes aft] ! gas 0 let 91 ! pati5t became sleepy & tir$ & di$ aft] a few m9utes4 ,!y simply w5t to sleep )\t ev5 kn[+ t !y 7 go+ to sleep1 & t 0 "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial requirem5ts4 ,q4 ,:5 0 ! fir/ "t t y witness$ "o ( ^! proc$ures8 ,a4 ,! fir/ "t 0 on ! occasion ( an exp]im5t ) f\r su* pati5ts4 ,i ?9k x mu/ h be5 ,decemb] #aici or ,janu>y #aidj4 ,i "k !re 0 sn[ on ! gr\nd at ! "t4 ,t is :y ,i rememb] ^! mon?s4 ,b\hl]1 ,conti1 & ,i don't "k :o else 0 !re1 !re 7 a few o!r doctors witness+ x = ! fir/ "t4 ,on ! basis ( ?is exp]im5t ,hitl] decid$ t only c>bon monoxide 0 to be us$ = kill+ ! pati5ts4 ,q4 ,well n[1 be=e or aft] t "t _h y tri$ any o!r gases or any o!r means ( adm9i/]+ eu?anasia to ^! p8 ,a4 ,no1 we--& by ?is ,i mean ,b\hl]'s organization--nev] us$ any o!r gas or any o!r means4 ,q4 ,y f\nd ! c>bon monoxide q satisfactory1 s y nev] _h to resort to any o!r means8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,y c put x t way4 ,q4 ,n[1 :]e 0 x t ^! f\r p 7 accord$ ! privilege ( a m]cy dea? 9 ,decemb]1 #aici or #aidj8 ,a4 ,t 0 9 ! fir/ eu?anasia /ation 9 ,br&5burg4 ,q4 ,& :o 7 ! subjects t 7 us$ = t exp]im5t8 ,a4 ,!y 7 f\r m5tally incurable p]sons4 ,q4 ,d y "k :at in/itution !y came f8 ,a4 ,no4 ,t ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,7 !y m5 or wom58 ,a4 ,m54 ,q4 ,all m54 ,:at 7 _! ages1 7 !y "y m51 middle-ag$ m51 or eld]ly m52 h[ w\ld y classify !m8 ,a4 ,i really don't rememb] t4 ,q4 ,:at c y say 9 reg>d to _! nationality2 d y "k any?+ ab\t t8 ,a4 ,!y mu/ h be5 ,g]mans1 !y c\ld n h be5 any?+ b ,g]mans1 because accord+ to regulations only ,g]man m5tally defective p]sons 7 us$ = eu?anasia4 ,q4 ,& y say ,hitl] 0 !re8 ,a4 ,no4 ,hitl] 0 n !re1 ,b\hl] 0 !re4 ,q4 ,b\hl]8 ,a4 ,b\hl] 0 !re1 ,conti 0 !re1 & ,i believe ,br&t4 ,q4 ,k>l ,br&t8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,k>l ,br&t4 ,q4 ,d y rememb] any ( ! o!r def5dants :o 7 !re8 ,a4 ,none ( ! def5dants "h 0 pres5t except myself4 ,q4 ,well1 !n y rememb] t y1 ,b\hl]1 ,conti1 & ,k>l ,br&t 7 !re2 n[ d y rememb] any ( ! o!r g5tlem5 !re at ! "t8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i said !re 7 "s m doctors !re1 b none ( ! def5dants "h4 ,q4 ,dr4 ,pfannmuell]1 p]haps8 ,a4 ,no4 ,dr4 ,pfannmuell] 0 c]ta9ly n !re4 ,!y mu/ h be5 ,b]l9 doctors4 ,q4 ,:5 aft] ,decemb] ( #aici or ,janu>y ( #aidj 0 x t y aga9 witness$ a eu?anasia proc$ure8 ,a4 ,i %\ld say t dur+ #aidj 9 all ! eu?anasia in/itutions exi/+ at t "t ,i p]sonally assur$ myself once or twice t ! eu?anasia 0 be+ correctly c>ri$ out4 ,b ,i ?9k ,i recollect t ! ,hadam> ,in/itute 0 only set up 9 #aida & 9 t ye> ,i did n witness eu?anasia be+ c>ri$ out1 s t ?is w\ld elim9ate ! ,hadam> ,in/itute4 ,q4 ,! ,in/itute at ,hadam>1 ,i ?9k y said !re 7 five o!r /ations8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,!re 7 six altoge!r4 ,q4 ,s t dur+ ! ye> #aidj1 y assur$ y\rself t ea* ( ! five /ations on p]haps "o1 two or p]haps m visits t ! proc$ure insi/$ ^u by ,b\hl] 0 be+ c>ri$ out 9 a humane mann]1 9 a pa9less mann] by c>bon monoxide8 ,a4 ,completely imp]ceptible4 ,q4 ,& n[ :o 7 ! p--let me put x ?is way--! fir/ "t at ,br&5burg !re 7 f\r p1 all m58 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 c y rememb] on y\r subsequ5t visits 9 #aidj to ! o!r eu?anasia /ations :o ! p 71 m5 or wom58 ,a4 ,bo?1 sometimes m5 & sometimes wom54 ,q4 ,& :at c y say 9 reg>d to _! nationality8 ,a4 ,i c only say t !y 7 only ,g]mans1 because ,i am p]fectly conv9c$ t ,b\hl]'s regulations1 :i* re/$ on an ord] f ,hitl]1 namely t no =eign]s 7 to be giv5 eu?anasia1 7 obs]v$ /rictly by all ! eu?anasia in/itutions4 ,q4 ,:]e 7 ^! /ations locat$1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,i don't und]/& :at y mean1 :]e !y 78 ,q4 ,9 :at "p ( ,g]many or 9 :at "p ( ,pol&1 or 9 :at "p ( ,cze*oslovakia1 9 :at "p ( ! ,protectorate ( ,bohemia-,moravia1 9 :at "p ( ,d5m>k1 9 :at "p ( ,holl&1 9 :at "p ( ,france1 & 9 :at "p ( ,europe 7 ^! /ations locat$8 ,a4 ,n[ ,i und]/& y correctly4 ,! fir/ "o 0 9 ,br&5burg on ! ,havel 9 ! neighborhood ( ,b]l9 ab\t #gj or #hj kilomet]s away4 ,! next 0 ! ,graf5eck ,in/itute1 t 0 9 ,wu]ttemb]g4 ,ano!r in/itution 0 ,sonn5/e9 & t is ne> ,pirna ne> ,dresd54 ,!re 0 ! ,h>!im ,in/itute :i* 0 ne> ,l9z on ! ,danube 9 ,au/ria4 ,!n !re 0 ! ,b]nburg ,in/itute on ! ,saale ,riv] ne> ,dessau4 ,! ,hadam> ,in/itute is 9 ,hesse4 ,q4 ,7 any ( ^! /ations locat$ 9 t portion ( ,pol& :i* 0 occupi$ by ! ,g]mans 9 milit>y occupation8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,& ! six /ations y h j nam$ 7 all ! /ations kn[n to y t exi/$2 !re 7 j six8 ,a4 ,^? 7 ! only ones1 yes4 ,q4 ,witness1 c y approximate ! population ( ,g]many z x exi/$ 9 ! ye> ( #aici or ! ye> ( #aidj8 ,7 !re "s fifty or sixty million p8 ,a4 ,no1 r\ghly eighty to eighty-five million4 ,q4 ,n[ by t1 :5 y say eighty to eighty-five million1 y include ! entire ,g]man ,rei*1 includ+ ,au/ria1 ! ,sudet5l&1 & ! occupi$ t]ritory8 ,a4 ,au/ria & ! ,sudet5l&1 b n ! occupi$ t]ritory4 ,q4 ,& y e/imate r\ghly !re 7 eighty-five million p8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,( t eighty-five million1 h[ _m ,jews w\ld y say 7 liv+ 9 ,g]many at ! "t :o 7 ,g]man nationals8 ,a4 ,maybe two or ?ree million4 ,q4 ,y are talk+ n[ ab\t ! ,great] ,g]man ,rei*1 includ+ ,au/ria & ! ,sudet5l&8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,y e/imate !re 7 betwe5 two or ?ree million :o 7 ,g]man nationals8 ,a4 ,r\ghly1 yes4 ,q4 ,n[ ) two or ?ree million ,g]man ,jews amalgamat$ into ! ,g]man population ( eighty-five million p :o 7 ,g]man nationals1 expla91 if y w1 to ! ,tribunal :y x 0 t ! ,g]man ,jews 7 exclud$ f ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 if z y say x 0 a salut>y program accord+ to p ! privilege ( a m]cy dea? = tak+ !m out ( _! mis]y2 :y 0 x t ! ,g]man ,jews 7 n includ$ 9 t program8 ,a4 ,i h already /at$ t4 ,z ,b\hl] expla9$ x1 ! bless+ ( eu?anasia %\ld be grant$ only to ,g]mans4 ,q4 ,i und]/& t1 b ,i ?\ght y said at t "t !re 7 betwe5 two & ?ree million ,g]mans 9 ,g]many1 ,g]man citiz5s :o 7 ,jews8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is s4 ,q4 ,:y 7 !y n includ$ 9 ! program1 if ! privilege ( ! program 0 go+ to be accord$ to all ,g]mans8 ,a4 ,! reason possibly lies 9 ! fact t ! gov]nm5t did n want to grant ?is philan?ropic act to ! ,jews4 ,q4 ,!y want$ to grant ?is philan?ropic act to all ,aryan ,g]mans1 b did n want to grant x to ,g]man ,jews1 & !y did n want to grant ?is philan?ropic act to ,g]man soldi]s ( ! fir/ w>1 :o _h receiv$ m5tal injuries gr[+ out ( _! w> w\nds4 ,is t correct8 ,a4 ,z ,i h already said1 t 0 a great inconsi/5cy 9 ?is proc$ure & we (t5 prote/$4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 det]m9$ by consid]ations ( a milit>y & psy*ological nature4 ,q4 ,?ank y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,witness1 ,i ?9k y said ye/]day aft]noon t ^! six eu?anasia /ations 7 locat$ at ,b]nburg1 ,br&5burg1 ,hadam>1 ,h>!im1 ,graf5eck1 & ,sonn5/e91 is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is correct4 ,q4 ,:5 7 ! gas *amb]s at ^! eu?anasia /ations built8 ,a4 ,:5 ! in/itutions 7 set up z eu?anasia in/itutions4 ,q4 ,c y rememb] ! approximate dates8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i _c rememb] ! dates4 ,i j "k ! ye>s :5 ! in/itutions became eu?anasia in/itutions--approximately4 ,i "k t ,graf5eck & ,br&5burg 7 ! fir/ in/itutions to become eu?anasia in/itutions4 ,x began at ! end ( #aici at ! e>lie/1 ! beg9n+ ( #aidj at ! late/4 ,sonn5/e9 & ,h>!im 7 set up 9 ! e>ly summ] #aidj4 ,9 ! e>ly summ] or spr+4 ,! in/itution at ,b]nburg 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! fall or w9t] ( #aidj1 ,hadam>1 9 ! w9t] or spr+ ( #aida4 ,?is is z accurate z ,i c give x4 ,q4 ,y said ! w9t] or spr+ ( #aida4 ,d y mean ! w9t] ( #aidj or ! spr+ ( #aida8 ,y said ! w9t] or spr+ ( #aida4 ,a4 ,if ,i say w9t] '#da1 ,i mean ,janu>y '#da1 b x might h be5 ,m>* too1 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,& y ?9k t ,hadam> 0 ! la/ "o t 0 set up8 ,a4 ,i am q c]ta9 t ,hadam> 0 ! la/ "o4 ,q4 ,n[1 ( :at mat]ials 7 ^! gas *amb]s built8 ,7 !y movable gas *amb]s1 v mu* l ! l[-pressure *amb]s t ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,ruff talk$ ab\t1 or 7 !y some?+ t 0 built p]man5tly into ! camp or in/allation8 ,a4 ,no special gas *amb] 0 built4 ,a room suitable 9 ! hospital 0 us$1 a room ( necessity atta*$ to ! reception w>d & to ! room :]e ! insane p]sons 7 kept4 ,?is room 0 made into a gas *amb]4 ,x 0 seal$1 giv5 special doors & w9d[s1 & !n a few met]s ( gas pip+ 7 laid1 or "s k9d ( pip+ ) holes 9 x4 ,outside ?is room !re 0 a conta9]1 a compress$ gas conta9] ) ! necess>y app>atus1 t is a pressure gauge1 etc4 ,q4 ,n[ :at dep>tm5t _h ! responsibility = con/ruct+ or build+ ^! gas *amb]s1 :at dep>tm5t ( ! ,p>ty or ( ! gov]nm5t8 ,a4 ,no (fice ( ! ,p>ty4 ,i don't und]/& ! "q4 ,q4 ,somebody _h to build ^! *amb]s4 ,:o gave ! ord]s & :o _h ! responsibility ( build+ !m1 0 t y\r dep>tm5t8 ,a4 ,i assume ! ord]s 7 giv5 by ! head ( ! in/itution1 b ,i don't "k :o actually did give ! ord]s4 ,q4 ,9 o!r words1 7 ^! *amb]s n built accord+ to "s specifications1 plans & specifications8 ,a4 ,i c't imag9e t1 e *amb] 0 diff]5t4 ,i saw sev]al ( !m4 ,q4 ,d y "k :at dep>tm5t gave ! ord] = hav+ ! *amb]s built8 ,0 t y\r dep>tm5t "u ,b\hl]8 ,a4 ,no4 ,x 0 ,b\hl] himself4 ,q4 ,& he gave ! ord] to ! v>i\s heads ( in/itutions to in/all ?is *amb]1 is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 h[ w\ld ! heads ( ea* ( ^! in/itutions "k h[ to in/all a gas *amb] unless !re 7 c]ta9 plans & specifications giv5 to !m8 ,a4 ,i nev] saw any su* plan4 ,i don't "k ( any4 ,q4 ,w\ld y "k h[ to g out & build a gas *amb] unless "s eng9e] or plann] _h told y8 ,c]ta9ly ,i w\ldn't4 ,a4 ,i don't "k :e!r ,i w\ld ei!r4 ,presumably he call$ 9 an eng9e]4 ,q4 ,t's :at ,i'm try+ to say4 ,:at eng9e] or gr\p ( eng9e]s 0 responsible = see+ t ^! gas *amb]s 7 built s t !y w\ld d ! job !y 7 suppos$ to d8 ,a4 ,!re 0 c]ta9ly no gr\p ( eng9e]s4 ,i presume !re 0 somebody at ! in/itutions :o _h en\gh te*nical ability to d x4 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,!n1 s f> z y "k1 someone at "o ( ^! in/itutions w\ld be told by ,b\hl] to con/ruct a gas *amb] & he w\ld call--! head ( ! in/itution !n w\ld call on someone1 y don't "k :om1 to g out & build ! *amb]8 ,is t correct8 ,a4 ,t is h[ ,i imag9e x4 ,q4 ,well1 w\ldn't x make a consid]able diff]5ce :e!r ! *amb] 0 to be con/ruct$ = eu?anasia by c>bon monoxide or by "s o!r means8 ,w\ldn't !re h to be "s te*nical in=mation available to ! head ( ! in/itution s t he c\ld give directions to 8 me*anic to build ! ?+ to d ! ?+ x 0 suppos$ to d8 ,a4 ,i mu/ say hone/ly ,i really don't "k any?+ ab\t t4 ,i c't judge4 ,q4 ,d y "k :e!r or n any dep>tm5t ( ! gov]nm5t1 "u ,b\hl]1 or "u ,br&t1 or "u anybody else1 0 responsible = see+ t ! gas app>atus 0 in/all$ prop]ly8 ,a4 ,i don't "k1 b ,i don't believe s because ,i w\ld probably h he>d ( x4 ,q4 ,h[ l>ge 7 ^! gas *amb]s8 ,a4 ,!y 7 ( diff]5t sizes4 ,x 0 simply an adjo9+ room4 ,i c't rememb] :e!r !y 7 #d #e met]s1 or #e #f met]s4 ,simply normal siz$ rooms1 b ,i c't tell y ! exact size4 ,x 0 too long ago4 ,i c't rememb]4 ,q4 ,7 !y z l>ge z ?is c\rtroom8 ,a4 ,no4 ,!y 7 j normal rooms4 ,q4 ,well1 a man ( y\r intellig5ce mu/ h "s idea ab\t ! size ( ^! rooms4 ,! ass]tion 8normal size0 doesn't mean any?+ 9 p>ticul>4 ,a4 ,by t ,i mean ! size ( ! normal room 9 a normal h\se4 ,i didn't mean an assembly room or a cell ei!r4 ,i meant a room1 b ,i c't tell y ! exact size because ,i really don't "k x4 ,x might h be5 #d #e met]s1 or #e #f met]s1 or #c #d1 b ,i really don't "k4 ,i didn't pay mu* att5tion to x4 ,q4 ,h y ev] visit$ a conc5tration camp or a milit>y camp ( any k9d8 ,a4 ,i visit$ a conc5tration camp1 & ,i 0 once 9 a milit>y camp z a soldi]4 ,q4 ,h y ev] se5 a %[] room or %[] ba? built into a camp ( t k9d :]e ! inmates ( conc5tration camps1 or :]e soldi]s 9 a milit>y b>racks1 c take %[]s8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i h4 ,9 my own b>racks4 ,q4 ,& w\ld y say t ?is eu?anasia room at ! v>i\s in/itutions 0 ab\t t dim5sion8 ,a4 ,i ?9k x 0 mu* small]4 ,q4 ,well1 p]haps we c get at x ?is way4 ,i ?\ght p]haps y knew some?+ ab\t ! me*anical con/ruction t ,i suppos$ ev]ybody knew some?+ ab\t4 ,?is room ( y\rs t y talk ab\t1 h[ _m p w\ld x accommodate8 ,a4 ,ye/]day ,i said t accord+ to my e/imate x might h be5 tw5ty-five or ?irty p4 ,q4 ,& t is /ill y\r e/imate today8 ,i rememb] ye/]day t y said t1 & t is /ill y\r e/imate today1 x c\ld com=tably take c>e ( tw5ty-five or ?irty p8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t's my e/imate4 ,q4 ,n[1 ! c>bon monoxide gas t 0 us$ = ! purpose ( eu?anasia1 :]e did x come f8 ,i "k y said ye/]day t x came out ( tubes v mu* l oxyg5 came 91 b :]e did ! tubes come f8 ,d y "k8 ,a4 ,i don't "k4 ,!y 7 ! normal /eel conta9]s :i* c be se5 ev]y:]e4 ,q4 ,d y "k h[ !y rea*$ ! camp8 ,a4 ,t ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,d y "k :e!r any dep>tm5t ( ! gov]nm5t 0 responsible = furni%+ ! gas to ! camp8 ,a4 ,no4 ,!y 7 probably b\ght4 ,q4 ,y ?9k !n t p]haps ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! in/itution1 if he want$ "s c>bon monoxide gas1 w\ld j walk d[n-t[n & walk into a /ore & buy a /eel tube ( x & put x "u 8 arm & c>ry x on back to ! camp2 pay = x out ( 8 pocket8 ,a4 ,no1 n out ( 8 own pocket b ?r\gh ! in/itution4 ,! in/itutions b\ght !m1 ,i mean4 ,q4 ,d y "k f :at s\rces ! in/itution b\ght x8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,all ! funds came f ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,!y 7 advanc$ by ! ,p>ty treasur]4 ,q4 ,well1 n[1 at t "t1 wasn't virtually ev]y?+ 9 ,g]many ( a critical nature on "s sort ( priority8 ,d y und]/& :at ,i mean8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,w\ld n ! div]sion ( ?is c>bon monoxide 9 tubes to ! v>i\s in/itutions h to be giv5 a priority rat+ & approv$ by someone or by "s dep>tm5t 9 ! gov]nm5t & ?us be made available to ! hospitals8 ,don't y und]/& :at ,i mean8 ,a4 ,yes1 ,i und]/&4 ,i h no idea1 b ,i don't believe s4 ,:y8 ,q4 ,:at 0 done ) ! bodies ( ^! p aft] m]cy dea?s 7 giv58 ,a4 ,:5 ! room _h be5 cle>$ ( gas aga91 /ret*]s 7 br\ght 9 & ! bodies 7 c>ri$ into an adjo9+ room4 ,!re ! doctor exam9$ !m to det]m9e :e!r !y 7 dead4 ,q4 ,!n :at happ5$ to ! bodies8 ,a4 ,:5 ! doctor _h det]m9$ dea?1 he fre$ ! bodies = cremation & !n !y 7 cremat$4 ,q4 ,aft] he _h fre$ ! bodies1 _h det]m9$ t !y 7 dead1 !y 7 !n cremat$8 ,is t correct8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,!re 0 a crematory built = e "o ( ^! in/itutions8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,crematoriums 7 built 9 ! in/itutions4 ,q4 ,d y "k :e!r or n--:at dep>tm5t or ag5cy1 ei!r "u ! gov]nm5t1 t is1 ! ,rei* gov]nm5t1 or "u ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! v>i\s in/itutions1 0 responsible = ?is detail ( cremation8 ,a4 ,i don't und]/&4 ,b\hl] ord]$ ! cremation4 ,b\hl] ord]$1 on pr9ciple1 t ! bodies 7 to be cremat$ aft] dea?4 ,!re 0 no (fice = t4 ,q4 ,0 !re any report made to anyone ( ! fact t c]ta9 p1 :o _h be5 select$ = eu?anasia _h f9ally arriv$ at ^! in/itutions1 _h actually be5 accord$ ! privilege ( m]cy dea?s & !n _h be5 cremat$8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i "k no?+ ab\t t4 ,q4 ,no records 7 kept at all8 ,a4 ,oh1 ,i ?\ght y said reports4 ,n[ y mean records8 ,q4 ,i don't c>e :at y call x4 ,!re mu/ h be5 a report or record ( "s k9d kept ( ^! p4 ,0 !re8 ,a4 ,yes1 ( c\rse4 ,n only ! case hi/ories1 b ! p]sonal data ( ! individual pati5ts 7 collect$ at ! eu?anasia in/itution & !re ! dea? records 7 add$ & :atev] else 0 available4 ,9 my direct exam9ation ,i po9t$ out t !re 7 ann\ncem5ts to ! ag5cies conc]n$1 = example1 ! gu>dian%ip c\rt4 ,all ^! files 7 s5t to ,ti]g>t5/rasse #d4 ,q4 ,!y 7 f9ally s5t to ,ti]g>t5/rasse #d8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,isn't x true t only 9 t way c\ld an accurate record or report ( ?is program be made8 ,a4 ,i didn't und]/&4 ,:e!r ?is fact creat$ accurate records ab\t ! p1 or :e!r records 7 kept8 ,q4 ,records 7 kept1 7 !y n1 ( ?is entire transaction ( ea* individual f ! "t he 0 exp]tiz$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,until f9ally he 0 cremat$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,& ^? records 7 fil$ ) ,t-#d8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,!y 7 kept !re4 ,q4 ,n[1 ,i believe y said t ^! eu?anasia *amb]s 7 built to resemble %[] rooms8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t's h[ ,i rememb] x4 ,q4 ,& ! only p t 7 accord$ eu?anasia 7 p :o 7 incurably insane1 ,i ?9k y said8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,^! 7 p :o1 z y put x1 on e?ical gr\nds did n h ! m5tal capacity ei!r to cons5t or to resi/ ! decision to grant !m eu?anasia1 & t consequ5tly z y view$ x1 x 0 a humane proc$ure to accord !m a m]cy dea?2 is t correct1 did ,i und]/& y correctly8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,n[1 7 ^! p1 ! ones :om y saw1 s insane z n to und]/& :]e !y 7 or :at 0 go+ on ar\nd !m8 ,a4 ,i c only say t ( c\rse ,i am n a doctor & !re=e n 9 a position to judge ! condition ( su* pati5ts1 b :5 ,i 0 at su* in/itutions ,i myself saw t ! pati5ts1 9 z f> z !y 7 able to walk1 w5t into ^! *amb]s or rooms :]e !y 7 told to g )\t any objection & sat d[n on ! b5*es or lay d[n & 7 q quiet4 ,i don't "k to :at ext5t !y realiz$ :]e !y 74 ,i d "k1 h[ev]1 t !y 7 n 9 any way worri$1 b p]fectly calm4 ,b\hl] _h ord]$ t ! doctors 7 to arrange ?+s s t ! pati5ts w\ld n realize :at 0 be+ done to !m4 ,q4 ,& t 0 ! reason t ! gas *amb]s 7 con/ruct$ to resemble %[] rooms1 ,i suppose8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,& ^! p ?\ght t !y 7 go+ 9 to take a %[] ba?8 ,a4 ,if any ( !m _h any p[] ( reason+1 !y no d\bt ?\ght t4 ,q4 ,well n[1 7 !y tak5 into ! %[] rooms ) _! clo!s on1 or 7 !y nude8 ,a4 ,no4 ,!y 7 nude4 ,q4 ,9 e case8 ,a4 ,:5ev] ,i saw !m1 yes4 ,q4 ,& y said1 ,i believe1 ye/]day t y witness$ p]haps "s #aj to #ab1 or #ae1 or #bj occasions :5 gr\ps 7 accord$ m]cy dea?s8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i said t ,i visit$ ea* ( ! in/itutions1 ) ! exception ( ,hadam>1 at lea/ once1 p]haps twice4 ,q4 ,& on ea* occasion did y witness ! accord+ ( a m]cy dea? to a gr\p8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,& ,i believe y said ye/]day t "s ( ^! gr\ps 7 adults1 t "s gr\ps 7 m51 o!r gr\ps 7 wom51 & t on "s occasions ! gr\ps 7 made up ( bo? m5 & wom51 is t correct8 ,a4 ,no4 ,app>5tly ,i did n express myself cle>ly4 ,!y 7 ei!r m5 or wom51 b ,i saw bo?4 ,q4 ,& y ?9k p]haps y saw z _m z #bj to #cj com=tably accommodat$ 9 ! *amb]8 ,a4 ,yes1 q com=tably4 ,!re 0 pl5ty ( room4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,ho*wald3 ,y nev] coop]at$ 9 ! program ( ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews1 is t correct8 ,,def5dant ,,brack3 ,no4 ,i p]sonally nev] did4 ,q4 ,is ! "n ,ei*mann1 ,ob]/urmbannfuehr] ,adolf ,ei*mann1 famili> to y8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i "k ! "n n[4 ,q4 ,y did n "k him be=e8 ,t is1 dur+ ! w>8 ,a4 ,no1 n to my k4 ,q4 ,did y "k any?+ ab\t 8 activities dur+ ! w> f y\r own k1 n :at y he>d n[8 ,a4 ,i _c rememb] ev] hav+ he>d ! "n ,ei*mann be=e4 ,q4 ,9 ord] to keep ! record /raight ,i w\ld l to (f] ,docum5t ,,no-#bgcg4 ,?is is an exc]pt f ! judgm5t ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal ab\t ! activities ( ,ei*mann1 & ,i w\ld l to ask ! ,tribunal :e!r ,i %\ld give an id5tification numb] to ?is docum5t or :e!r ! ,tribunal w take judicial notice ( ! docum5t4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,:ile ! ,tribunal w take judicial notice ( ! docum5t m5tion$1 x w\ld be conv5i5t to h an id5tification numb] = ! purpose ( id5tification only4 ,,dr4 ,,ho*wald3 ,s x w be ,prosecution ,exhibit #eje = id5tification2 extract f ! judgm5t ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal3#aaf 8,9 ! summ] ( #aida1 h[ev]1 plans 7 made = ! #8f9al solution' ( ! ,jewi% "q 9 ,europe4 ,?is #8f9al solution' meant ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews1 :i* e>ly 9 #aici ,hitl] _h ?reat5$ w\ld be "o ( ! consequ5ces ( an outbreak ( w>1 & a special section 9 ! ,ge/apo "u ,adolf ,ei*mann1 z head ( ,section ,b-#d ( ! ,ge/apo1 0 =m$ to c>ry out ! policy 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 899 99 99 ,adolf ,ei*mann1 :o _h be5 put 9 *>ge ( ?is program by ,hitl]1 has e/imat$ t ! policy pursu$ result$ 9 ! kill+ ( #f1jjj1jjj ,jews1 ( :i* #d1jjj1jjj 7 kill$ 9 ! ext]m9ation in/itutions40 ,did y ev] h any conf]5ces or discussions ) ,ei*mann conc]n+ ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,jews & ! solution ( ! ,jewi% problem8 ,,def5dant ,,brack3 ,i already said t ,i did n rememb] hav+ he>d ! "n ,ei*mann at all4 ,q4 ,i want to put to y ,,no-#iig1 :i* is ,prosecution ,exhibit #ejf = id5tification1 y\r ,honors4 ,?is is a draft ( a lett] f ! ,rei* ,m9i/] = ! ,occupi$ ,ea/]n ,t]ritories to ! ,rei* ,commission] = ! ,ea/3 8,solution ( ! ,jewi% ,problem4 8,ref]5ce3 ,y\r report ( #d ,octob] #aida1 conc]n+ ! solution ( ! ,jewi% problem4 8,i h no objection aga9/ y\r sugge/ion = ! solution ( ! ,jewi% problem4 ,atta*$ please f9d a memor&um conc]n+ ! conv]sation betwe5 my exp]t consultant1 ,amtsg]i*tsrat ,dr4 ,wetzel1 ,ob]di5/leit] ,brack ( ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr]1 & ,/urmbannfuehr] ,ei*mann1 exp]t consultant to ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice4 ,please note ! details ( ! matt] f ?is memo4 ,w y please take ! necess>y /eps at ! ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice & ) ,ob]di5/leit] ,brack f ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr] via y\r ,high] ,,ss & ,police ,lead]4 ,please keep me in=m$4 ,h&writt5 ,f4 d4 ,h4 ,m4 ,= ! ,m9i/] 8#b;d ,copy 87a7 ,rei* ,security ,ma9 ,(fice 87b7 ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr] ,att5tion3 ,ob]di5/leit] ,brack1 ,copy ( 7#a71 includ+ enclosure = in=mation40 ,did y receive a copy ( ?is lett]8 ,a4 ,may ,i fir/ ask y :at ! date ( ?is lett] is8 ,q4 ,only #aida is m5tion$ "h4 ,b t is ! date ,i told y4 ,did y receive a copy ( ?is lett]1 ,h]r ,brack8 ,a4 ,i did n receive a copy ( x nor did ,i ev5 see a copy ( t lett]1 nor d ,i "k ?is ,amtsg]i*tsrat ,wetzel4 ,q4 ,did y h a conf]5ce ) ,ei*mann on ?is problem1 on ! solution ( ! ,jewi% "q8 ,a4 ,i already said ,i _c ev5 rememb] ! "n ,ei*mann1 nor c ,i rememb] ! "n ,wetzel4 ,q4 ,d y "k any?+ ab\t ! matt]s discuss$ at ?is conf]5ce conc]n+ ! solution ( ! ,jewi% problem8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i "k no?+4 ,q4 ,y h no idea4 ,y nev] made any sugge/ions z to :at k9d ( treatm5t or :at k9d ( gas *amb]s %\ld be us$ = ! solution ( ! ,jewi% problem8 ,y nev] did t8 ,a4 ,i c rememb] no?+ 9 ?is connection4 ,q4 ,y 7 que/ion$ by ! ,tribunal la/ ,friday z to :e!r plans 7 made = ! con/ruction ( ! gas *amb]s 9 ! eu?anasia /ations or :e!r an eng9e] or speciali/ 0 ord]$ to assi/ ! directors ( ! /ations 9 sett+ up su* gas *amb]s1 7 y n8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,y 7 n able to give any in=mation to ! ,tribunal on t fact1 7 y8 ,a4 ,no4 ,i said ,i didn't conc]n myself ) ^! matt]s4 ,q4 ,is ! "n ,kallmey]1 ,k-a-l-l-m-e-y-e-r1 famili> to y8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,b ,i c't rememb] 9 :i* connection4 ,q4 ,8 wife execut$ an affidavit = y "h4 7,brack #ci1 ,brack ,ex4 #bc47 ,d y rememb] him n[8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,yes1 ,i rememb] him n[4 ,q4 ,0 ,kallmey] ! eng9e]1 or 0 he a *emi/1 :o made ^! plans = gas *amb]s & assi/$ ! directors 9 eu?anasia /ations 9 sett+ up ^! gas *amb]s8 ,a4 ,no4 ,kallmey] _h to *eck t ! gas *amb]s 7 op]at+ prop]ly1 b ,i don't believe he made any plans = t purpose4 ,q4 ,kallmey] 0 ! man :o sup]vis$ ^! gas *amb]s1 0 he n8 ,a4 ,i believe s1 yes1 b n = long1 only = a %ort "t4 ,q4 ,all "r4 ,& does ! "n ,kallmey] refre% y\r memory z to ev5tual plans y made toge!r ) ,ei*mann ab\t ! solution ( ! ,jewi% problem1 ,h]r ,brack8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,i want to put to y ,docum5t ,,no-#cfe1 :i* w be ,prosecution ,exhibit #ejg = id5tification1 y\r ,honors4 ,?is is a draft f ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry = ! ,occupi$ ,t]ritories dat$ ,b]l91 #be ,octob] #aida4 8,ref]5t ,,agr4 ,dr4 ,wetzel 8,re3 ,solution ( ! ,jewi% ,"q 8#a4 ,to ! ,rei* ,commission] = ! ,ea/ 8,re3 ,y\r ,report ( #d ,octob] #aida ,conc]n+ ,solution ( ! ,jewi% "q 8,ref]r+ to my lett] ( #ah ,octob] #aida1 y are in=m$ t ,ob]di5/leit] ,brack ( ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr] has decl>$ himself ready to collaborate 9 ! manufacture ( ! necess>y %elt]s1 z well z ! gass+ app>atus4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! app>atus 9 "q are n on h& 9 ! ,rei* 9 suffici5t numb]2 !y w fir/ h to be manufactur$4 ,s9ce 9 ,brack's op9ion ! manufacture ( ! app>atus 9 ! ,rei* w cause m difficulty ?an if manufactur$ on ! spot1 ,brack deems x mo/ exp$i5t to s5d 8 p direct to ,riga1 especially 8 *emi/ ,dr4 ,kallmey]1 :o w h ev]y?+ fur!r done !re4 ,ob]di5/leit] ,brack po9ts out t ! process 9 "q is n )\t dang]1 s t special protective measures are necess>y4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,i beg y to turn to ,ob]di5/leit] ,brack1 9 ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr]1 ?r\gh y\r ,high] ,,ss & ,police ,lead] & to reque/ ! dispat* ( ! *emi/ ,dr4 ,kallmey] z well z ( fur!r aides4 ,i draw att5tion to ! fact t ,/urmbannfuehr] ,ei*mann1 ! ref]5t = ,jewi% que/ions 9 ! ,,r%a1 is 9 agreem5t ) ?is process4 ,on in=mation f ,/urmbannfuehr] ,ei*mann1 camps = ,jews are to be set up 9 ,riga & ,m9sk to :i* ,jews f ! old ,rei* t]ritory may possibly be s5t4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ,jews be+ deport$ f ! old ,rei* are to be s5t to ,litzmann/adt1 ,lodz b also to o!r camps1 to be lat] us$ z labor 9 ! ,ea/ s f> z !y are able to "w4 8,z affairs n[ /&1 !re are no objections aga9/ do+ away ) ^? ,jews :o are unable to "w ) ! ,brack rem$y4 ,9 ?is way occurr5ces w\ld no long] be possible su* z ^? :i*1 accord+ to a report pres5tly be=e me1 took place at ! %oot+ ( ,jews 9 ,vilna & :i*1 consid]+ t ! %oot+s 7 public1 7 h>dly excusable4 ,^? able to "w1 on ! o!r h&1 w be transport$ to ! ,ea/ = labor s]vice4 ,x is self-und]/ood t among ! ,jews capable ( "w1 m5 & wom5 are to be kept sep>ate4 8,i beg y to advise me reg>d+ y\r fur!r /eps40 ,h]r ,brack1 are y /ill go+ to ma9ta9 :at y said "h 9 direct exam9ation1 namely1 t y tri$ to protect ! ,jews & to save ! ,jews f _! t]rible fate & t y 7 nev] a *ampion ( ! ext]m9ation program8 ,a4 ,i %\ld ev5 l to ma9ta9 t misuse1 t]rible misuse1 0 made ( my "n4 ,i see f ?is lett] & f ! date ( ?is lett] t all ^! negotiations 7 c>ri$ out at a "t :5 ,i 0 f> away f ,b]l91 :5 ,i 0 on sick leave4 ,if ,i h ! possibility ,i hope ,i %all be able to br+ witnesses :o w te/ify to t effect4 ,i mu/ frankly admit t at ?is p]iod some?+ 0 go+ on :i* entirely contradict$ my op9ion1 b ?is c\ld only h be5 done "u misuse ( my "n & my ag5cy4 ,i 0 n will+ to p>ticipate 9 ^! ?+s4 ,q4 ,c y tell me1 ,h]r ,brack1 :]e ,riga & ,m9sk are locat$8 ,a4 ,riga is on ! ,baltic 9 ,latvia1 & ,m9sk is 9 ,russia4 ,q4 ,^! two places 7 outside ,g]many1 7 !y n8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,prosecution has no fur!r que/ions at ?is "t4 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,walt] ,e4 ,,s*midt#aag ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius3 ,:at k9d ( directives 7 giv5 at t "t ab\t ! execution ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program8 ,,witness ,,s*midt3 ,well1 ! same directives z 7 f9ally c>ri$ out--to move ! invalids f lunatic asylum to ! eu?anasia in/itution4 ,i p]sonally receiv$ subsequ5tly ! ord]s f ! ,rei* committee :i* _h already be5 discuss$ dur+ t meet+4 ,q4 ,did y at t "t consid] t an ord] = murd]8 ,a4 ,9 no way at all4 ,! juri/s 9 ,b]l9 told u t ?is 0 a legal matt]1 t x 0 a ,hitl] decree or a law :i* _h be5 duly approv$2 also t ! juri/s _h discuss$ :e!r ,hitl] 0 au?oriz$ to issue su* a decree & decid$ 9 ! affirmative1 & we 7 told t ?is 0 a matt] :i* 0 a q legal-- ,q4 ,witness1 a little sl[]4 ,a4 ,t x 0 a legal task ( ! ,/ate :i* _h already be5 plann$ 9 #aicb & :i* 0 also be+ plann$ 9 o!r c\ntries & t we w\ld n incrim9ate ourselves 9 any way1 on ! contr>y1 a sabotage ( ?is ord] w\ld be a crim9al (f5se4 ,! "q ( secrecy 0 also discuss$ 9 detail & x 0 /at$ t ?is 0 a k9d ( law n[2 t ! pati5ts 7 n to h k ( su* a measure be=eh& because o!rwise !y w\ld be excit$1 & t 0 probably ! ma9 reason :y ?is law c\ld n be publi%$4 ,9 addition at t "t we 7 at w> & ^? k9ds ( measures %\ld be kept secret 9 ! int]ior4 ,q4 ,:o 7 ! p to be conc]n$ by ! ,eu?anasia ,program8 ,a4 ,! incurably sick4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 n q cle> to me :]e ! limit 0 to be drawn4 ,= me p]sonally1 su* a measure c\ld only be consid]$ 9 ! cases ( p]sons :o 7 dy+ anyh[4 ,q4 ,0 !re any m5tion made at t "t ( 8useless eat]s0 & o!r economic po9ts ( view8 ,a4 ,i nev] actually he>d ! words 8useless eat]s0 at all dur+ ! w>4 ,q4 ,0 x m5tion$ at ! "t t ! in/itution _h to be kept free = o!r purposes1 & t t 0 ! reason8 ,a4 ,! reason = ?is measure 0 only t\*$ ^u briefly4 ,we 7 told t ^! 7 tasks ( ! /ate :i* _h become urg5t because ( ! w> &1 yes1 ( a eug5ic nature4 ,q4 ,h[ ab\t ! *ildr58 ,a4 ,at ! "t !re 0 always talk ab\t ! la/ m$ical aid4 ,q4 ,well1 if ,i und]/ood y correctly1 ! decisive viewpo9t 0 ! m$ical "o8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i only obs]v$ x f ! m$ical po9t ( view4 ,q4 ,n[ 0 ! proc$ure actually c>ri$ out f ?is po9t ( view8 ,or didn't ?is s-call$ program actually g f> beyond its limits 9 its execution8 ,a4 ,! limits ( ! program 7 c]ta9ly exce$$ to a great ext5t4 ,i p]sonally did n see x myself1 b on ! basis ( ! reports ,i receiv$1 ,i mu/ say t excesses c]ta9ly took place4 ,q4 ,witness1 h[ 0 x 9 y\r in/itution ) ref]5ce to excesses8 ,a4 ,9 my in/itution proc$ure 0 tak5 only on ! basis au?oriz$ by law4 ,we also _h a !rapy /ation4 ,( c\rse1 ,i mu/ say1 x 0 n v nice to wat* ^! transports4 ,q4 ,n[1 y said t lat] on ,ea/]n work]s 7 pick$ up8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,wasn't t 9 excess ( ! orig9al ord] :i* y receiv$8 ,a4 ,i _c say t4 ,i don't "k4 ,q4 ,d y "k :]e ! ord] came f to transport ^! p away8 ,a4 ,f ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,x 0 giv5 to u by ! sup]ior (fice ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,q4 ,y mean ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,y fur!r m5tion$ t ! action 0 conclud$ 9 ,augu/ #aida1 t x 0 /opp$4 ,d y "k ! reason = ?is8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i d n "k ! (ficial reason1 b ,i he>d ( x un(ficially4 ,i he>d t ,h]r von ,gal5 prote/$1 & t 0 probably :y ! :ole proc$ure 0 /opp$4 ,i emphasize t ,i don't "k = c]ta91 b anyway = me x 0 a reason4 ,q4 ,well 0 ?is proc$ure actually /opp$ ev]y:]e 9 ! end8 ,a4 ,no4 ,:5 ,hadam> 0 clos$ ,i imm$iately assum$ t "s o!r in/itution w\ld cont9ue ?is task or t ! proc$ure w\ld be foll[$ up 9 "s o!r way4 ,t is also :at ,mr4 von ,heg5] said :5 he 0 !re4 ,q4 ,y said t ^! ,ea/]n work]s 7 collect$ by ! same busses z be=e8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! busses 7 ! same4 ,!y 7 big black busses1 & we knew ! driv]s because !y came frequ5tly4 ,q4 ,to :om did ! busses belong8 ,to ! ,gauleit]'s (fice8 ,a4 ,^! busses 7 own$ by ! transport company4 ,! ,sick ,transport ,company 9 ,b]l94 ,"s ( ! p]sonnel rema9$ 9 ,hadam>4 ,q4 ,0 !re no m$ical p]sonnel8 ,a4 ,no4 ,!re 0 no m$ical p]sonnel4 ,q4 ,y said some?+ ab\t ! excesses ) ref]5ce to ! program4 ,a4 ,"o mu/ diff]5tiate betwe5 h[ ?+s 7 until ! action 0 /opp$ 9 #aida1 & h[ x 0 lat] on4 ,q4 ,:at excesses d y "k ( be=e ! action 0 /opp$ 9 #aida8 ,a4 ,y mean individually8 ,q4 ,yes1 9 y\r in/itution4 ,a4 ,!re 7 none at all 9 our in/itution4 ,! p 7 transport$ away4 ,q4 ,y act$ accord+ to directives8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i p]sonally 0 n 9 *>ge ( ?is action4 ,my *ief 0 9 *>ge4 ,b z f> z ,i "k no excesses 7 committ$ by ! nurs+ p]sonnel4 ,( c\rse1 "s ( ! ob/9ate pati5ts refus$ to ent] ! busses4 ,t is natural4 ,q4 ,7 ^! all extreme cases :i* 7 s5t = "u ?is ,eu?anasia ,program8 ,a4 ,( c\rse1 x dep5ds :]e ! limit is drawn4 ,"o c ma9ta9 ! view t a l>ge "p ( ! pati5ts1 p]haps1 might h und]gone a c]ta9 *ange ?r\gh mod]n %ock treatm5t or "s o!r mod]n me?od ( treatm5t4 ,b ) ^? cases !re 9 :i* ! m5tal disease 0 9 a v advanc$ /age1 9 my op9ion1 mo/ ( ! pati5ts no long] _h any *ance to enjoy life4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t#aah ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius3 ,witness1 y are *>g$ ) p>ticipation 9 ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,i %all %[ y ! decree ( #a ,decemb] #a ,septemb] #aici4 7,,no-#fcj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ccj47 ,please describe h[ ?is decree came ab\t4 ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t3 ,aft] ! end ( ! ,poli% campaign 9 ab\t ,octob] sic1 ! ,fuehr] 0 at ,ob]salzb]g4 ,i 0 call$ to him = "s reason :i* ,i c no long] rememb] & he told me t because ( a docum5t :i* he _h receiv$ f ,rei*sleit] ,b\hl]1 he want$ to br+ ab\t a def9ite solution 9 ! eu?anasia "q4 ,he gave me g5]al directives on h[ he imag9$ x1 & ! fundam5tals 7 t insane p]sons :o 7 9 su* a condition t !y c\ld no long] take any consci\s "p 9 life 7 to be giv5 relief ?r\gh dea?4 ,g5]al in/ructions foll[$ ab\t petitions :i* he himself _h receiv$1 & he told me to contact ,b\hl] himself ab\t ! matt]4 ,i did s by telephone on ! same day1 & ,i !n in=m$ ,hitl] ab\t my conv]sation ) ,b\hl]4 ,!reupon he draft$ a =mulation ( ?is decree1 n 9 ! =m we h "h1 b 9 a simil> =m1 & c]ta9 *anges 7 made4 ,my reque/ 0 t a precaution be introduc$ because ( ! m$ical p>ticipation1 & ,i us$ an expression = ?is :i* 0 famili> to me f exp]t op9ions4 ,x /at$ t eu?anasia c\ld be c>ri$ out on p]sons & !n comes ! =mulation 8:o are incurable ) a probability bord]+ on c]ta9ty40 ,s9ce ?is =mulation 0 /range to him1 8on ! mo/ c>eful diagnosis ( _! condition ( sickness0 0 add$4 ,!re=e1 :5 ?is decree 0 sign$ ab\t ! end ( ,octob]1 ! text read z foll[s3 8,rei*sleit] ,b\hl] & ,dr4 ,br&t are *>g$ ) ! responsibility ( ext5d+ ! au?ority ( c]ta9 doctors1 to be designat$ by "n 9 su* a mann] t p]sons :o1 accord+ to human judgm5t1 are incurably sick1 c1 on ! mo/ c>eful diagnosis ( _! condition ( sickness1 be accord$ a m]cy dea?40 ,q4 ,did y talk to ,b\hl]8 ,a4 ,at fir/ ,i only talk$ to ,b\hl] on ! telephone & ev5 aft] ! decree 0 sign$ ,i did n talk to him imm$iately b s5t ! sign$ decree to him 9 ,b]l94 ,q4 ,& :at 0 ,hitl]'s idea ( eu?anasia8 ,:at did he und]/& by x8 ,a4 ,! decisive ?+ = him 0 also express$ "h 9 ! decree1 namely1 t incurably sick p]sons--actually x %\ld h read insane p]sons--o!r p]sons 7 absolute exceptions--c\ld be accord$ a m]cy dea?4 ,t is1 !re=e1 a measure dictat$ by purely humane consid]ations1 & no?+ else c\ld be ?\ght "u any circum/ances1 & no?+ else 0 ev] said to me4 ,q4 ,y said t ! ,fuehr] gave y ! assignm5t on ! basis ( a telephone call f ,b\hl]8 ,! call f ,b\hl] c\ld n h be5 ! only reason4 ,!re mu/ h be5 o!rs4 ,a4 ,x 0 n a telephone call4 ,!re 0 "s k9d ( a docum5t>y incid5t :i* 0 decisive4 ,x may be t ! ,fuehr] already _h ^! docum5ts or t ,b\hl] spoke to him aga9 ab\t !m4 ,i don't "k exactly4 ,b ?is 0 n ! cause ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program be+ />t$4 ,9 8 book1 8,me9 ,kampf10 ,hitl] _h already ref]r$ to x 9 c]ta9 *apt]s1 & ! law = ! 8prev5tion ( ! bir? ( *ildr5 suff]+ f h]$it>y diseases0 is a pro( t ,hitl] _h def9itely conc]n$ himself ) su* problems e>li]4 ,! law = ! 8prev5tion ( ! bir? ( *ildr5 suff]+ f h]$it>y diseases0 is actually a law :i* foll[$ ! ev5ts4 ,x c]ta9ly arose because *ildr5 ) cong5ital diseases exi/$4 ,pro( t ?is is a problem :i* affects ! :ole _w lies 9 ! fact t simil> laws ) simil> =mulation & cont5ts h be5 pass$ 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,dr4 ,g]h>dt ,wagn]1 :o 0 ,dr4 ,conti's pr$ecessor1 discuss$ ^! que/ions at ! ,p>ty rally 9 ,nu]nb]g4 ,i did n talk to ,g]h>dt ,wagn] at t "t & _h no?+ to d ) ^! ?+s4 ,h[ev]1 ,i he> n[ t 9 #aice ,g]h>dt ,wagn] _h a film made pres5t+ ! problem ( ! insane4 ,app>5tly ! film 0 made 9 asylums ) insane p]sons4 ,q4 ,witness1 did n ! reque/s receiv$ by ,b\hl] & ! ,fuehr] play a c]ta9 "p8 ,a4 ,reque/s to ?is effect 7 c]ta9ly con/antly receiv$ by ,b\hl]1 & ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr] always receiv$ su* ?+s4 ,i only "k t ^! reque/s 7 aft]w>ds pass$ on to ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,i myself "k ( "o reque/ :i* 0 s5t to ! ,fuehr] himself ?r\gh 8 adjutant's (fice 9 ! spr+ ( #aici4 ,! fa!r ( a de=m$ *ild approa*$ ! ,fuehr] & ask$ t ?is *ild or ?is creature %\ld be kill$4 ,hitl] turn$ ?is matt] ov] to me & told me to g to ,leipzig imm$iately--x 0 9 ,leipzig--to confirm ! fact on ! spot4 ,x 0 a *ild :o 0 born bl9d1 an idiot--at lea/ x seem$ to be an idiot--& x lack$ "o leg & "p ( "o arm4 ,q4 ,witness1 y 7 speak+ ab\t ! ,leipzig affair1 ab\t ?is de=m$ *ild4 ,:at did ,hitl] ord] y to d8 ,a4 ,he ord]$ me to talk to ! physicians :o 7 look+ aft] ! *ild to f9d out :e!r ! /atem5ts ( ! fa!r 7 true4 ,if !y 7 correct1 !n ,i 0 to in=m ! physicians 9 8 "n t !y c\ld c>ry out eu?anasia4 ,! important ?+ 0 t ! p>5ts %\ld n feel !mselves incrim9at$ at "s lat] date z a result ( ?is eu?anasia--t ! p>5ts %\ld n h ! impression t !y !mselves 7 responsible = ! dea? ( ?is *ild4 ,i 0 fur!r ord]$ to /ate t if ^! physicians %\ld become involv$ 9 "s legal proce$+s because ( ?is measure1 ^! proce$+s w\ld be qua%$ by ord] ( ,hitl]4 ,m>t9 ,bormann 0 ord]$ at ! "t to in=m ,gu]tn]1 ! ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice1 accord+ly ab\t ?is case4 ,q4 ,:at did ! doctors :o 7 involv$ say8 ,a4 ,! doctors 7 ( ! op9ion t !re 0 no ju/ification = keep+ su* a *ild alive4 ,x 0 po9t$ out t 9 mat]nity w>ds "u c]ta9 circum/ances x is q natural = ! doctors !mselves to p]=m eu?anasia 9 su* a case )\t any?+ fur!r be+ said ab\t x4 ,no precise in/ructions 7 giv5 9 t respect4 ,q4 ,0 ?is problem ( de=mities dealt ) any:]e else8 ,a4 ,! problem ( de=mities 0 probably discuss$ be=e ?is ,leipzig case4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! c\rse ( ! summ] x 0 work$ on 9 a m concrete =m1 fir/ ( all by ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,9 ?is case1 ,dr4 ,l9d5 p>ticipat$ z a special consultant1 probably z repres5tative ( ,dr4 ,conti--:o became ,rei* ,m9i/] = ,heal? aft] ! dea? ( 8 pr$ecessor ,wagn]1 & !n aft]w>ds ,/ate ,secret>y 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,q4 ,:o 0 ,dr4 ,l9d58 ,a4 ,dr4 ,l9d5 0 ,m9i/]ialrat 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior4 ,he 0 a doctor & 0 ! compet5t (ficial :o 0 lat] 9 *>ge ( ?is (fice = ! m5tal in/itutions1 p]haps he already 0 at ! "t1 ,i don't "k exactly4 ,lat] on1 dur+ ! treatm5t ( ! eu?anasia "q he 0 appo9t$ expon5t ( all ^! matt]s4 ,q4 ,:at 0 ! proc$ure at ! "t8 ,0 ,hitl] in=m$ ab\t all ^! matt]s8 ,a4 ,9 ,augu/ #aidd he ord]$ me to p>ticipate 9 a conf]5ce :i* took place betwe5 ,dr4 ,l9d51 ,mr4 ,b\hl]1 & "s o!r p4 ,! "q ( ! regi/ration ( ^! de=mities 0 discuss$1 & also h[ to set ab\t ?is regi/ration4 ,dr4 ,l9d51 on behalf ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior1 submitt$ p]t95t docum5ts1 que/ionnaires1 etc41 :i* 7 !n discuss$ once m 9 detail4 ,x 0 ! prep>atory "w = ! ,rei* ,committee = ! ,regi/ration ( ,s]i\s ,h]$it>y & ,con/itutional ,diseases1 :i* 0 subsequ5tly e/abli%$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,n[1 ,witness1 ?is is ! fir/ "t t ,i h ev] he>d m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! ,eu?anasia ,program t anybody's cons5t _h to be obta9$1 & ,i take x t x is a r fundam5tal matt]4 ,are y ready to swe> to ?is ,tribunal t ! ,rei* committee nev] p]=m$ eu?anasia on *ildr5 )\t obta9+ ! cons5t ( ! p>5ts ( ! *ild8 ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t3 ,i said ye/]day t ! approval ( ! p>5ts 0 necess>y = ! eu?anasia ( *ildr51 & ,i am ( ! op9ion t su* approval 0 actually giv54 ,q4 ,0 ! approval writt5 approval or v]bal approval8 ,a4 ,t ,i don't "k4 ,i _c say4 ,q4 ,h y ev] se5 any writt5 approval8 ,a4 ,i believe t dur+ ! fir/ p]iod :5 ?is au?orization 0 submitt$ = signature to ,b\hl] & to me1 all ! o!r pap]s 7 toge!r ) x1 su* z approvals1 etc4 ,x may be t dur+ ! lat] p]iod we 7 only conc]n$ ) ! au?orization pap]s & t ! o!r pap]s 7 left ) ! ,rei* committee4 ,h[ev]1 ,i did see su* lett]s ( approval b ,i don't believe t !y 7 9 writ+ 9 e case4 ,i ?9k !y 7 p>tly giv5 orally ?r\gh ! local physician or "s o!r ag5cy :i* dealt ) ! case4 ,q4 ,well1 ,witness1 let's look at ?is lett] aga94 ,i f9d "s difficulty 9 reconcil+ y\r te/imony ab\t ! necessity ( cons5t by ! relatives ( ! *ild ) :at's writt5 "h 9 ?is lett]4 ,= example1 ! ?ird l9e reads3 8,x seems t ! relatives ( ,anna ,gasse tri$ to obta9 h] release by e possible means40 ,if1 ,witness1 x 0 necess>y to obta9 cons5t1 :y 0 !re any "q ab\t releas+ ,anna ,gasse8 ,a4 ,i _c say t ei!r4 ,accord+ to my op9ion1 ! *ild c\ld n be kept 9 an in/itution if ! p>5ts want$ x at home4 ,q4 ,& ! la/ s5t5ce :i* reads1 8,if f a m$ical po9t ( view su* release is w>rant$1 "o c\ld p]haps take into consid]ation :e!r "o %\ld n p]haps comply ) su* reque/ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! good reputation ( ! in/itution40 ,don't y f9d t language j a bit re/ra9$1 ,witness8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i ?9k x is v re/ra9$4 ----- #ic ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bdg1 #cja1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #id ,def5dant 9 case be=e ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,see ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 ,vols4 ,i-,,xlii1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #ie ,objection to admission 9 evid5ce su/a9$4 #if ,ibid4 #ig ,objection to admission 9 evid5ce su/a9$4 #ih ,def5dant 79 abs5tia7 be=e ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,see ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vols4 ,i-,,xlii1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #ii ,code "n = ! kill+ ( non-,g]man nationals & ,jews :o 7 inmates ( ! conc5tration camps4 #ajj ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,,xx1 pp4 #dij-a1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidh4 #aja ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bdg1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #ajb ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,alfons ,kle91 et al4 ,see ,law ,reports ( ,trials ( ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #df-ed1 ,london1 #aidg4 #ajc ,ibid4 #ajd ,n introduc$ 9 evid5ce4 #aje ,n introduc$ 9 evid5ce4 #ajf ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,alfons ,kle91 et al4 ,see ,law ,reports ( ,trials ( ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #df-ed1 ,london1 #aidg4 #ajg ,ibid4 #ajh ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ah ,july #aidg1 pp4 #aabbj-aabdd4 #aji ,def5dant be=e ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,see ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bih-cja1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #aaj ,lit]ally3 ,nonpr(it ,sick ,transport ,company4 #aaa ,g]man or ( simil> blood 7( ,g]man blood71 ,jew1 ,jewi% mix$ bre$ ,grades ,i or ,,ii1 ,negro 7mix$ bre$74 #aab ,def5dant 9 case ( ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,josef ,altsetoett]1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,,iii4 #aac ,enclosures 7 n available4 #aad ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #af1 #ag ,jan4 #aidg1 pp4 #ahff-aidf4 #aae ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ai ,may #aidg1 pp4 #gdac-gggb4 #aaf ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bej1 #beb-bec1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #aag ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #af ,jan #aidg1 pp4 #ahaf-ahfc4 #aah ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g ,feb #aidg1 pp4 #bcja-bffa4 ,e4 ,selections ,f ,photographic ,evid5ce ( ! ,prosecution ,illu/ration3 ,,inmates ,,( ,,! ,,da*au ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,/ages ,,( ,,simulat$ ,,altitude ,,9 ,,! ,,l[ ,,pressure ,,*amb] ,,docum5t ,,no-#faj1 ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #da ,illu/ration3 ,,docum5t ,,no-#faj1 ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #da ,illu/ration3 ,,docum5t ,,no-#faj1 ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #da ,,po/-,,mortem ,,dissection ,,( ,,high-,,altitude ,,exp]im5tal ,,subjects ,,%[+ ,,air ,,bubbles ,,9 ,,blood ,,vessels ,,9 ,,sub>a*noid ,,space ,,( ,,bra9 ,,& ,,"u ,,pleura ,,( ,,ant]ior ,,*e/ ,,wall ,illu/ration3 ,,docum5t ,,no-#ajhj ,a1 ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bai ,a ,,exposures ,,( ,,! ,,witness ,,m>ia ,,kusmi]czuk ,,:o ,,und]w5t ,,sulfanilamide ,,& ,,bone ,,exp]im5ts ,,:ile ,,an ,,inmate ,,( ,,! ,,rav5sbrueck ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,illu/ration3 ,,exposures ,,( ,,! ,,witness ,,m>ia ,,kusmi]czuk ,,:o ,,und]w5t ,,sulfanilamide ,,& ,,bone ,,exp]im5ts ,,:ile ,,an ,,inmate ,,( ,,! ,,rav5sbrueck ,,conc5tration ,,camp--,cont9u$ ,,docum5t ,,no-#ajhj ,e ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bai ,e ,,docum5t ,,no-#ajhj ,f ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bai ,f ,illu/ration3 ,,exposures ,,( ,,! ,,witness ,,jadwiga ,,dzido ,,:o ,,und]w5t ,,sulfanilamide ,,& ,,bone ,,exp]im5ts ,,:ile ,,an ,,inmate ,,( ,,! ,,rav5sbrueck ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,docum5t ,,no-#ajhb ,a ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bad ,a ,,docum5t ,,no-#ajhb ,c ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bad ,c ,illu/ration3 ,,phosphorus ,,burns ,,artificially ,,inflict$ ,,on ,,inmates ,,( ,,! ,,bu*5wald ,,conc5tration ,,camp ,,docum5t ,,no-#egi1 ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #bhh ,illu/ration3 ,,tank ,,conta9+ ,,=maldehyde ,,= ,,! ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,corpses ,,docum5t ,,no-#hjg1 ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ahe ,illu/ration3 ,,corpses ,,assembl$ ,,9 ,,tanks ,,prior ,,to ,,dissection ,,docum5t ,,no-#hjg1 ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ahe ,illu/ration3 ,,corpses ,,assembl$ ,,9 ,,tanks ,,prior ,,to ,,dissection--,cont9u$ ,,docum5t ,,no-#hjg1 ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ahe ,illu/ration3 ,,corpse ,,%[+ ,,incisions ,,9 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,dissection ,,docum5t ,,no-#hjg1 ,,prosecution ,,exhibit #ahe ,,viii4 ,,evid5ce ,,& ,,argum5ts ,,on ,,important ,,aspects ,,( ,,! ,,case ,a4 ,applicability ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj to ,(f5ses ,aga9/ ,g]mans ,dur+ ! ,w> a4 ,introduction ,"u c\nt ,,iii ( ! indictm5t1 8,crimes aga9/ ,humanity01 ! prosecution alleg$ t ! def5dants _h engag$ 9 m$ical exp]im5ts 8^u ,g]man civilians & nationals ( o!r c\ntries0 & t ! def5dants _h p>ticipat$ 9 execut+ 8! s-call$ #8eu?anasia program' ( ! ,g]man ,rei*1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! def5dants h]e9 murd]$ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( human be+s1 includ+ ,g]man civilians1 z well z civilians ( o!r nations04 ,emphasis add$4 ,ins(> z ^! (f5ses involv$ ,g]man nationals1 ! def5se argu$ t int]national law 0 n applicable4 ,! def5se argu$ t "u1 ! ,*>t] annex$ to ! ,london ,agreem5t1 crimes aga9/ humanity )9 ! mean+ ( ! ,*>t] d n exi/ unless (f5ses are committ$ 89 ! execution (1 or 9 connection )1 any crime )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal04 ,al?\gh ! analog\s provision ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj does n include ! words ( limitation 89 ! execution (1 or 9 connection ) any crime )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal01 ! def5se argu$ t ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj 0 only 8an implem5tation law0 ( ! ,london ,agreem5t & ,*>t]1 & h5ce c\ld n increase ! scope ( ! (f5ses def9$ by ! ,london ,*>t]4 ,po9t+ to ! section ( ! judgm5t ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal entitl$ 8,! law relat+ to w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity01#aai ! def5se not$ t ! ,,imt /at$3 8to con/itute crimes aga9/ humanity1 ! acts reli$ on be=e ! outbreak ( w> mu/ h be5 9 execution (1 or 9 connection )1 any crime )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal01#abj t is1 crimes aga9/ peace or w> crimes4 ,al?\gh ! indictm5t 9 ! ,m$ical ,case did n allege t crimes 7 committ$ aga9/ ,g]man nationals be=e ! outbreak ( ! w> on #a ,septemb] #aici1 ! def5se fur!r argu$ t any (f5ses aga9/ ,g]man nationals committ$ aft] #aici _h n be5 %[n to be 89 execution (1 or 9 connection )0 crimes aga9/ peace & w> crimes & h5ce 7 n cognizable z crimes )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal4 ,extracts f ! clos+ /atem5t ( ! prosecution appe> bel[ on pages #iaj to #iae4 ,a summation ( ! evid5ce on ?is "q by ! def5se has be5 tak5 f ! clos+ brief = def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #iae to #ibe4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,prosecution#aba 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,law ( ! ,case ,be=e proce$+ to outl9e ! prosecution's case1 x may p]haps be desirable to anticipate sev]al legal que/ions :i* w und\bt$ly be rais$ ) respect to w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity1 z def9$ 9 ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,law ,no4 #aj is1 ( c\rse1 ! law ( ?is case & its t]ms are conclusive ^u e p>ty to ?is proce$+4 ,?is ,tribunal is1 we respectfully submit1 b\nd by ! def9itions 9 ,law ,no4 #aj1 j z ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal 0 b\nd by ! def9itions 9 ! ,london ,*>t]4 ,x 0 /at$ 9 ! ,,imt judgm5t t3#abb 8,! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal is def9$ 9 ! ,agreem5t & ,*>t]1 & ! crimes com+ )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal1 = :i* !re %all be individual responsibility1 are set out 9 ,article #f4 ,! law ( ! ,*>t] is decisive & b9d+ ^u ! ,tribunal 99 99 9940 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 outl9+ briefly ! prosecution's conception ( "s ( ! legal pr9ciples und]ly+ w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity1 ,i %all1 ) ! ,tribunal's p]mission1 adopt "s ( ! language f ! op5+ /atem5t ( ! prosecution 9 ! case aga9/ ,fri$ri* ,flick1 et al41 n[ p5d+ be=e ,tribunal ,,iv4 ,see ,vol4 ,,vi4 ,g5]al ,taylor !re said-- 99 99 99 99 99 8,law ,no4 #aj is 99 99 99 a legislative enactm5t by ! ,control ,c\ncil & is !re=e "p ( ! law ( & )9 ,g]many4 ,"o ( ! infirmities ( dictator%ip is t1 :5 x suff]s irretrievable & f9al milit>y disa/]1 x usually crumbles into no?+ & leaves ! victims ( its tyranny lead]less amid/ political *aos4 ,! ,?ird ,rei* _h ru?lessly hunt$ d[n e man & woman 9 ,g]many :o s\ght to express political ideas or develop political lead]%ip outside ( ! be/ial ideology ( nazism4 ,:5 ! ,?ird ,rei* collaps$1 ,g]many tumbl$ into a political vacuum4 ,! decl>ation by ! ,alli$ ,p[]s ( #e ,june #aide ann\nc$ ! #8assumption ( supreme au?ority' 9 ,g]many #8= ! ma9t5ance ( ord]' & #8= ! adm9i/ration ( ! c\ntry'1 & recit$ t-- #8,!re is no c5tral gov]nm5t or au?ority 9 ,g]many capable ( accept+ responsibility = ! ma9t5ance ( ord]1 ! adm9i/ration ( ! c\ntry1 & compliance ) ! requirem5ts ( ! victori\s p[]s4' 8,foll[+ ?is decl>ation1 ! ,control ,c\ncil 0 con/itut$ z ! repository ( c5traliz$ au?ority 9 ,g]many4 ,law ,no4 #aj is an enactm5t ( t body & is ! law ( ,g]many1 al?\gh its sub/antive provisions d]ive f & embody ! law ( nations4 ,! ,nu]nb]g ,milit>y ,tribunals are e/abli%$ "u ! au?ority ( ,law ,no4 #aj1abc & !y r5d] judgm5t n only "u int]national law z decl>$ 9 ,law ,no4 #aj1 b "u ! law ( ,g]many z enact$ 9 ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,! ,tribunals1 9 %ort1 en=ce bo? int]national law & ,g]man law1 & 9 int]pret+ & apply+ ,law ,no4 #aj1 !y mu/ view ,law ,no4 #aj n only z a decl>ation ( int]national law1 b z an enactm5t ( ! occupy+ p[]s = ! gov]nance ( & adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9 ,g]many4 ,! enactm5t ( ,law ,no4 #aj 0 an ex]cise ( legislative p[] by ! f\r c\ntries to :i* ! ,?ird ,rei* surr5d]$1 &1 z 0 held by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal3#abd #899 99 99 ! und\bt$ "r ( ^! c\ntries to legislate = ! occupi$ t]ritories has be5 recogniz$ by ! civiliz$ _w4'0 ,w> crimes are def9$ 9 ,law ,no4 #aj z atrocities or (f5ses 9 violation ( ! laws or cu/oms ( w>4 ,?is def9ition is bas$ prim>ily ^u ! ,hague ,conv5tion ( #aijg & ! ,g5eva ,conv5tion ( #aibi1 :i* decl>e ! law ( nations at ^? times ) respect to l& w>f>e1 ! treatm5t ( prison]s ( w>1 ! rights & duties ( a bellig]5t p[] :5 occupy+ t]ritory ( a ho/ile /ate1 & o!r matt]s4 ,! laws & cu/oms ( w> apply betwe5 bellig]5ts1 b n dome/ically or among allies4 ,crimes by ,g]man nationals aga9/ o!r ,g]man nationals are n w> crimes1 nor are acts by ,g]man nationals aga9/ ,hung>ians or ,romanians4 ,! w> crimes *>g$ 9 ?is indictm5t all occurr$ aft] #a ,septemb] #aici1 & x is !re=e unnecess>y to consid] ! some:at n>r[ limitation ( ! scope ( w> crimes by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal to acts committ$ aft] ! outbreak ( w>4 ,"o might argue t ! occupations ( ,au/ria & ! ,sudet5l& 9 #aich1 & ( ,bohemia & ,moravia 9 ,m>* #aici1 7 suffici5tly simil> to a /ate ( bellig]5cy to br+ ! laws ( w> into effect1 b su* que/ions are academic = purposes ( ?is case4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 connection ) ! *>ge ( crimes aga9/ humanity1 x is also anticipat$ t an argum5t w be made by ! def5se to ! effect t crimes committ$ by ,g]man nationals aga9/ o!r ,g]man nationals _c con/itute crimes aga9/ humanity z def9$ by ,article ,,ii ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj & h5ce are n )9 ! jurisdiction ( ?is ,tribunal4 ,! evid5ce ( ! prosecution has prov$ t 9 sub/antially all ( ! exp]im5ts prison]s ( w> or civilians f ,g]man-occupi$ t]ritories 7 us$ z subjects4 ,?is pro( /&s uncontradict$ save by g5]al /atem5ts ( ! def5dants t !y 7 told by ,himml] or "s unid5tifi$ p]son t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 all ,g]man crim9als or t ! subjects all spoke flu5t ,g]man4 ,?us1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! acts "h 9 issue con/itute w> crimes & h5ce1 at ! same "t1 crimes aga9/ humanity4 ,c]ta9ly !re has be5 no pro( :atev] t an ord] 0 ev] issu$ re/rict+ ! exp]im5tal subjects to ,g]man crim9als z di/+ui%$ f non-,g]man nationals4 ,if1 9 ?is or t m9or in/ance1 ! pro( has n disclos$ ! precise nationality ( ! un=tunate victims or has ev5 %[n !m to be ,g]mans1 we may re/ assur$ t x 0 m]ely a *ance occurr5ce4 ,be t z x may1 ! prosecution does n wi% to ignore a *all5ge to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal ev5 ?\gh x is ( m9or importance to ?is case4 ,"o ?+ %\ld be made cle> at ! outset3 ,we are n "h conc]n$ ) any "q z to jurisdiction ov] crimes committ$ be=e #a ,septemb] #aici1 :e!r aga9/ ,g]man nationals or o!rwise4 ,t subject has be5 moot$ & is 9 issue 9 ano!r case n[ on trial1 b ! crimes 9 ?is case all occurr$ aft] ! w> began4 ,moreov]1 we are n conc]n$ ) ! "q :e!r crimes aga9/ humanity mu/ h be5 committ$ 89 execution ( or 9 connection ) any crimes )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal40 ,! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal con/ru$ its ,*>t] z requir+ t crimes aga9/ humanity be committ$ 9 execution (1 or 9 connection )1 ! crime ( aggressive w>4 ,:atev] ! m]it ( t hold+1 ! language ( ! ,*>t] ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal :i* l$ to x is n includ$ 9 ! def9ition ( crimes aga9/ humanity 9 ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,!re c be no d\bt t crimes aga9/ humanity z def9$ 9 ,law ,no4 #aj /& on an indep5d5t foot+ & con/itute crimes p] se4 ,9 any ev5t1 ! crimes ) :i* ?is case is conc]n$ 7 9 fact all 8committ$ 9 execution (1 or 9 connection )1 ! aggressive w>40 ,?is is true n only ( ! m$ical exp]im5ts1 b also ( ! ,eu?anasia ,program1 pursuant to :i* a l>ge numb] ( non-,g]man nationals 7 kill$4 ,! judgm5t ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal expressly s holds4#abe ,?us1 x is cle> t ! only issue :i* is rais$ 9 ?is case z to crimes aga9/ humanity is :e!r ! ,tribunal has jurisdiction ov] crimes committ$ by ,g]mans aga9/ ,g]mans4 ,does ! def9ition ( crimes aga9/ humanity 9 ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj compreh5d crimes by ,g]mans aga9/ ,g]mans ( ! type ) :i* ?is case is conc]n$8 ,! provisions ( ,law ,no4 #aj are b9d+ ^u ! ,tribunal z ! law to be appli$ to ! case4#abf ,! provisions ( ,section #a7;c7 ( ,article ,,ii are cle> & unambigu\s4 ,crimes aga9/ humanity are !re def9$ z-- 8,atrocities & (f5ses1 includ+ b n limit$ to murd]1 ext]m9ation1 enslavem5t1 deportation1 imprisonm5t1 torture1 rape1 or o!r inhumane acts committ$ aga9/ any civilian population1 or p]secutions on political1 racial1 or religi\s gr\nds :e!r or n 9 violation ( ! dome/ic laws ( ! c\ntry :]e p]petrat$40 ,emphasis suppli$4 ,! words 8any civilian population0 _c possibly be con/ru$ to exclude ,g]man civilians4 ,if ,g]mans are deem$ to be exclud$1 !re is little or no?+ left to give purpose to ! concept ( crimes aga9/ humanity4 ,w> crimes include all acts li/$ 9 ! def9ition ( crimes aga9/ humanity :5 committ$ aga9/ prison]s ( w> & ! civilian population ( occupi$ t]ritory4 ,! only rema9+ significant gr\ps are ,g]mans & nationals ( ! satellite c\ntries1 su* z ,hung>y or ,romania4 ,x is "o ( ! v purposes ( ! concept ( crimes aga9/ humanity1 n only z set =? 9 ,law ,no4 #aj b also z long recogniz$ by int]national law1 to rea* ! sy/ematic commission ( atrocities & (f5ses by a /ate aga9/ its own p4 ,! conclud+ phrase ( ! def9ition ( crimes aga9/ humanity1 :i* is 9 ! alt]native1 makes x q cle> t crimes by ,g]mans aga9/ ,g]mans are )9 ! jurisdiction ( ?is ,tribunal4 ,x reads 8or p]secutions on political1 racial1 or religi\s gr\nds :e!r or n 9 violation ( ! dome/ic laws ( ! c\ntry :]e p]petrat$40 ,?is ref]5ce to 8dome/ic laws0 c only mean discrim9atory & oppressive legislation direct$ aga9/ a /ate's own p1 z = example1 ! ,nu]nb]g ,laws aga9/ ,g]man ,jews4 ,emphasis suppli$4 ,! matt] is put q beyond d\bt by ,article ,,iii ( ,law ,no4 #aj :i* au?orizes ea* ( ! occupy+ p[]s to arre/ p]sons suspect$ ( hav+ committ$ crimes def9$ 9 ,law ,no4 #aj1 & to br+ !m to trial 8be=e an appropriate tribunal40 ,p>agraph #a7;d7 ( ,article ,,iii fur!r provides t-- 8,su* ,tribunal may1 9 ! case ( crimes committ$ by p]sons ( ,g]man citiz5%ip or nationality aga9/ o!r p]sons ( ,g]man citiz5%ip or nationality1 or /ateless p]sons1 be a ,g]man c\rt1 if au?oriz$ by ! occupy+ au?orities40 ,?is con/itutes an explicit recognition t acts committ$ by ,g]mans aga9/ o!r ,g]mans are puni%able z crimes "u ,law ,no4 #aj accord+ to ! def9itions conta9$ !re9 9 ! discretion ( ! occupy+ p[]4 ,?is has p>ticul> ref]5ce to crimes aga9/ humanity1 s9ce ! application ( crimes aga9/ peace & w> crimes1 :ile possible1 is almo/ entirely !oretical4 ,if ! occupy+ p[] fails to au?orize ,g]man c\rts to try crimes committ$ by ,g]mans aga9/ o!r ,g]mans 7& 9 ! ,am]ican zone ( occupation no su* au?orization has be5 giv571 !n ^! cases are tri$ only be=e non-,g]man tribunals1 su* z ^! ,milit>y ,tribunals4 ,:at w\ld be ! effect ( a hold+ t crimes by ,g]mans aga9/ ,g]mans c "u no circum/ances be )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal8 ,is ?is ,tribunal to ignore ! pro( t t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,g]mans 7 ext]m9at$ pursuant to a secret decree1 because a gr\p ( crim9als 9 control ( a police /ate ?\ght !m 8useless eat]s0 & an unnecess>y burd51 or t ,g]man prison]s 7 murd]$ & mi/reat$ by ?\s&s 9 conc5tration camps1 9 "p by m$ical exp]im5tation8 ,milit>y ,tribunal ,,ii 9 ! ,mil* case held t crimes aga9/ nationals ( ,hung>y & ,romania 7 crimes aga9/ humanity4 ,!re is c]ta9ly no reason 9 say+ t !re is jurisdiction ov] crimes by ,g]mans aga9/ ,hung>ians b n aga9/ ,g]mans4 ,! judgm5t ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal %[s a cle> recognition ( its jurisdiction ov] crimes by ,g]mans aga9/ ,g]mans4 ,aft] review+ a l>ge numb] ( inhumane acts 9 connection ) w> crimes & crimes aga9/ humanity1 ! ,tribunal conclud$ by say+ t-- 899 99 99 f ! beg9n+ ( ! w> 9 #aici w> crimes 7 committ$ on a va/ scale1 :i* 7 also crimes aga9/ humanity2 & ins(> z ! inhumane acts *>g$ 9 ! indictm5t1 & committ$ aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! w>1 did n con/itute w> crimes1 !y 7 all committ$ 9 execution (1 or 9 connection ) ! aggressive w>1 & !re=e con/itut$ crimes aga9/ humanity40#abg ,s9ce w> crimes are necess>ily also crimes aga9/ humanity1 ! broad] def9ition ( ! latt] c only ref] to crimes n cov]$ by ! =m]1 namely1 crimes aga9/ ,g]mans & nationals ( c\ntries o!r ?an ^? occupi$ by ,g]many4 ,moreov]1 ! prosecution 9 t case ma9ta9$ t ! inhumane treatm5t ( ,jews & political oppon5ts 9 ,g]many be=e ! w> con/itut$ crimes aga9/ humanity4 ,! ,tribunal said 9 ?is connection-- 8,) reg>d to crimes aga9/ humanity !re is no d\bt :atev] t political oppon5ts 7 murd]$ 9 ,g]many be=e ! w>1 & t _m ( !m 7 kept 9 conc5tration camps 9 circum/ances ( great horror & cruelty4 ,! policy ( t]ror 0 c]ta9ly c>ri$ out on a va/ scale1 & 9 _m cases 0 organiz$ & sy/ematic4 ,! policy ( p]secution1 repression1 & murd] ( civilians 9 ,g]many be=e ! w> ( #aici1 :o 7 likely to be ho/ile to ! gov]nm5t1 0 mo/ ru?lessly c>ri$ out4 ,! p]secution ( ,jews dur+ ! same p]iod is e/abli%$ beyond all d\bt40#abh ,! ,tribunal 0 !re speak+ exclusively ( crimes by ,g]mans aga9/ ,g]mans4 ,x held t su* acts 7 n crimes aga9/ humanity1 z def9$ by ! ,*>t]1 n because !y 7 crimes aga9/ ,g]mans1 b because !y 7 n committ$ 9 execution (1 or 9 connection )1 aggressive w>4 ,inde$1 ! ,tribunal w5t on to hold t ! v same acts committ$ aft] ! w> began 7 crimes aga9/ humanity4 ,no di/9ction 0 drawn betwe5 ! murd] ( ,g]man ,jews & ,poli% or ,russian ,jews4 ,&1 moreov]1 no di/9ction 0 drawn betwe5 crim9al m$ical exp]im5tation on ,g]man & non-,g]man conc5tration camp inmates or ! murd] ( ,g]man & non-,g]man civilians "u ! ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,! ,tribunal held !m all to be w> crimes &_/or crimes aga9/ humanity4 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,puni%able ,crime ,aga9/ ,humanity ,! crim9ality ( ! crime aga9/ humanity is bas$ on ,law ,no4 #aj ( ! ,control ,c\ncil = ,g]many4 ,article ,,ii ( ?is law /ates-- 8#a4 ,ea* ( ! foll[+ acts is recogniz$ z a crime3 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,crime aga9/ humanity 99 99 9940 ,! concept ( ! crime aga9/ humanity has n be5 e/abli%$ & x is que/ionable :e!r crimes aga9/ humanity accord+ to ,law ,no4 #aj also ref] to su* acts z h be5 committ$ on ,g]man nationals by ,g]man nationals4 ,! decision ( ?is "q is ( p>ticul> significance s9ce ! m$ical exp]im5ts ) :i* ! def5dants are *>g$ & ! m]cy kill+s execut$ 71 9 ! fir/ place1 c>ri$ out on ,g]man nationals4 ,! "q "h is n to e/abli% :e!r su* acts are aga9/ humanity b :e!r !y are crimes aga9/ humanity puni%able accord+ to ,law ,no4 #aj :i* 7 committ$ kn[+ly & willfully4 ,if measures tak5 aga9/ ,g]man nationals d n come "u ! law1 ! evid5ce ( ! prosecution to be exam9$ is re/rict$ ma9ly to ^? cases 9 :i* c]ta9 =eign]s 7 affect$1 & 9 addition1 evid5ce mu/ be produc$ prov+ t ! def5dant 0 aw>e ( ! fact t =eign]s too _h actually be5 involv$ by ^! measures4 ,x is to be und]/ood f ,law ,no4 #aj t x is m]ely an implem5tation law to ! ,london ,agreem5t ( #h ,augu/ #aide & ! /atute belong+ to x4 ,?is has be5 expressly /ress$ 9 ! introduction1 & beyond t ! ,london ,/atute & ! ,mosc[ ,decl>ation ( #cj ,octob] #aidc h be5 decl>$ insep>able compon5ts ( ! law accord+ to ,article ,i4 ,! legally pre-em95t ,london ,/atute !re=e is decisive = ! int]pretation ( ! sub/antive law4 ,article #f7;c7 ( ?is /atute provides t crimes aga9/ humanity c be consid]$ puni%able only if !y 7 committ$ 89 execution ( or 9 connection ) any crime )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal 99 99 9904 ,?is jurisdiction1 h[ev]1 ext5ds only to crimes aga9/ peace & to w> crimes4 ,! puni%able crime aga9/ humanity1 !re=e1 is re/rict$ to ! latt]4 ,! prosecution1 h[ev]1 has only rec5tly *ampion$ a diff]5t op9ion4 ,9 ,case #e be=e ,tribunal ,,iv1 ! case aga9/ ,flick & o!rs1#abi ! prosecution decl>$ 9 its op5+ /atem5t on #ai ,april #aidg t ! clause3 89 connection ) a crime )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! tribunal0 has a diff]5t mean+ f :at x expresses4 ,! clause is to signify t ! ,tribunal is n to deal ) individual crimes b only ) su* crimes z h be5 committ$ on a l>ge scale & are !re=e )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! trial4 ,?is mean+ ( ! clause 0 n app>5t to ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 ! prosecutors ( ! signatory p[]s at t "t1 nor to ^? :o lat] comm5t$ on ! v]dict1 & ,i d n believe t "o c agree ) ! newly e/abli%$ int]pretation ( ! prosecution4 ,! decision ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal is au?oritative = ! int]pretation s9ce x 0 pron\nc$ by ! judges ( ! signatory p[]s :o 7 expressly appo9t$ = application ( ! new law4 ,! high au?ority ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal is emphasiz$ by ,ord9ance #g1 ,article ,x1 accord+ to :i* its actual f9d+s are b9d+ = ! lat] c\rts4 ,?is ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 h[ev]1 has rul$ t ! puni%able crime aga9/ humanity is a dep5d5t1 subsidi>y crime & t x c only be consid]$ a crime if x has be5 committ$ 9 connection ) a w> crime or a crime aga9/ peace4 ,! v]dict ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal#acj 9 reject+ ! crim9ality ( crimes aga9/ humanity committ$ prior to ! w> /ates ! foll[+3 8,! ,tribunal is ( ! op9ion t revolt+ & horrible z _m ( ^! crimes 71 x has n be5 satisfactorily prov$ t !y 7 done 9 execution (1 or 9 connection )1 any su* crime40 ,! prosecution be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal has on its "p endeavor$ to prove su* a connection2 ?is w\ld n h be5 necess>y if x _h n consid]$ ?is connection a "p ( ! specification ( ! crime aga9/ humanity4 ,pr(essor ,donn$ieu de ,vabres1 ! ,fr5* judge ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 express$ 8 attitude to ?is limitation ( ! puni%able crime aga9/ humanity aft] ! pron\ncem5t ( ! v]dict 9 a lecture quot$ by ! prosecution 9 ! ,flick case2#aca 8 op9ion c be consid]$ important4 ,! ,fr5* judge deplores ! limitation ( ! crime aga9/ humanity1 b he confirms x4 ,?is limitation is no figm5t ( ! imag9ation b ! necess>y result ( ! prevail+ int]national law2 x has its orig9 9 ! concept ( sov]eignty4 ,x is ! purport ( ! ,mosc[ ,decl>ation & ! ,london ,/atute1 bo? ( :i* h be5 incorporat$ into ,law ,no4 #aj1 to deal only ) ! crimes t affect ! relations betwe5 nations4 ,^! relations are to be safegu>d$ & = t reason crimes are to be puni%$ :i* are significant accord+ to int]national law & :i* are connect$ ) w> crimes & crimes aga9/ peace4 ,! 8int]national0 crimes are to be puni%$4 ,?is significance ( ! int]national crime to be und]/ood f ! po9t ( view ( int]national law is especially cle>ly exp\nd$ 9 a book writt5 by ,pr(essor ,tra99 :o 0 ! (ficial advisor on judicial matt]s = ! ,soviet ,union 9 ! proce$+s 9 ,case ,i1 ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,?is is a book entitl$ 8,! ,crim9al ,responsibility ( ! ,hitl]ites0 publi%$ by ! ,law ,in/itute1 ,academy ( ,sci5ce 9 ! ,soviet ,union1 ?r\gh edit$ by ! academician ,vi%9sky4 ,! book 0 writt5 at ! "t ! /atute orig9at$4 ,accord+ to ?is1 x is n ! mean+ & purpose ( 8int]national crim9al law0 to impose puni%m5t = crimes :i* h no effect beyond ! bord]s ( _! own c\ntry & :i* d n involve ! sph]e ( int]national law4 ,! fact t no ?\ght 0 giv5 to puni%m5t ( crimes committ$ )9 ! bord]s ( ,g]many is evid5t f ! ,mosc[ ,decl>ation ( #cj ,octob] #aidc4 ,9 ?is decl>ation crimes are m5tion$ exclusively :i* h be5 committ$ 9 o!r c\ntries to :i* ! accus$ are to be return$4 ,if !re c\ld /ill be d\bts ) reg>d to ! int]pretation ( ! subsidi>y nature ( ! crime aga9/ humanity1 ^! d\bts are elim9at$ by ! ,b]l9 ,add5dum ,m9utes ,zusatzprotokoll add$ to ! /atute1 dat$ #f ,octob] #aide4 ,9 ^! m9utes ! subsidi>y nature ( ! crime aga9/ humanity is elucidat$ by means ( a correction1 ! app>5t insignificance ( :i* is ! v ?+ t s]ves to emphasize its importance4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! f\r ,alli$ ,ma9 ,p[]s1 z ! signatories ( ! /atute1 meet aga9 only = ! purpose ( trans=m+ a semicolon into a comma & x appe>s 9 ! m9utes t ?is 0 done because ! mean+ & int5tions ( ! agreem5ts & ! /atute require x4 ,article #f 7c7 ( ! /atute 0 orig9ally word$ z foll[s & ev5 at pres5t is reproduc$ 9 _m copies 9 ! same =m z f> z punctuation is conc]n$3 87c7 ,,crimes ,,aga9/ ,,humanity3 namely1 murd]1 ext]m9ation1 enslavem5t1 deportation1 & o!r inhumane acts committ$ aga9/ any civilian population1 be=e or dur+ ! w> #82' or p]secutions on political1 racial or religi\s gr\nds 9 execution ( or 9 connection ) any crime )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,tribunal1 :e!r or n 9 violation ( ! dome/ic law ( ! c\ntry :]e p]petrat$40 ,! word+ ( ! ,b]l9 ,add5dum ,m9utes ,protocol dat$ #f ,octob] #aide 9 ?is context reads z foll[s3#acb 8,:]eas an ,agreem5t & ,*>t] reg>d+ ! ,prosecution ( ,w> ,crim9als 0 sign$ 9 ,london on ! #h? ,augu/ #aide1 9 ! ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,russian languages1 8,& :]eas a discrepancy has be5 f\nd to exi/ betwe5 ! orig9als ( ,article #f1 p>agraph 7c71 ( ! ,*>t] 9 ! ,russian language1 on ! "o h&1 & ! orig9als 9 ! ,engli% & ,fr5* languages1 on ! o!r1 to wit1 ! semicolon 9 ,article #f1 p>agraph 7c71 ( ! ,*>t] betwe5 ! words #8w>' & #8or'1 z c>ri$ 9 ! ,engli% & ,fr5* texts1 is a comma 9 ! ,russian text1 8,& :]eas x is desir$ to rectify ?is discrepancy3 8,,n[1 ,,!re=e1 ! und]sign$1 signatories ( ! said ,agreem5t on behalf ( _! respective ,gov]nm5ts1 duly au?oriz$ !reto1 h agre$ t ,article #f1 p>agraph 7c71 ( ! ,*>t] 9 ! ,russian text is correct1 & t ! mean+ & int5tion ( ! ,agreem5t & ,*>t] require t ! said semi-colon 9 ! ,engli% text %\ld be *ang$ to a comma1 & t ! ,fr5* text %\ld be am5d$ to read z foll[s3 87c7 ,,les ,,crimes ,,contre ,l',,humanite3 c'e/ dire l'assass9at1 l'ext]m9ation1 la rduction en esclavage1 la dportation1 et t\t autre acte inhuma9 commis contre t\tes populations civiles1 avant on p5dant la gu]re1 ou bi5 les p]scutions p\r des motifs politiques1 raciaux1 ou rligieux1 lorsque ces actes ou p]scutions1 qu'ils ai5t con/itu ou non une violation du droit int]ne du pays o ils ont t p]ptrs ont t commis la suite de t\t crime r5trant dans la compt5ce du ,tribunal1 ou en liaison avec ce crime4 8,9 witness :]e( ! ,und]sign$ h sign$ ! pres5t ,protocol4 8,done 9 quadruplicate 9 ,b]l9 ?is #f? day ( ,octob] #aide1 ea* 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,russian1 & ea* text to h equal au!nticity4 ,= ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica3 ,signature ,,rob]t ,h4 ,,jackson ,= ! ,provisional ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,fr5* ,republic3 ,signature ,,fran,,ois ,,de ,,m5?on ,= ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,nor!rn ,irel&3 ,signature ,,h>tley ,,%awcross ,= ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,union ( ,soviet ,sociali/ ,republics3 ,signature ,r4 ,,rud5ko0 ,obvi\sly x 0 no pr9t+ error :i* simply w\ld h be5 correct$4 ,?is is r a c>efully ?\ght out limitation on ! "p ( ! ,signatory ,p[]s :i* 0 cl>ifi$ unmi/akably4 ,)\t ?is limitation1 a prec$5t ( decisive significance w\ld h be5 creat$ = int]national law = ! possibility w\ld h exi/$ to prosecute at any "t alleg$ crimes aga9/ humanity 9 a diff]5t c\ntry4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! sociali/ /ates w\ld h assail$ ! social conditions 9 capitali/ic c\ntries z crimes aga9/ humanity1 & vice v]sa ! capitali/ic /ates c\ld h repli$ to ! measures ( ! sociali/ c\ntries ) an int]v5tion z exp]i5c$ by ! "y ,bol%evi/ ,revolution 9 #aiai4 ,precisely t h[ev] 0 to be prev5t$ by n recogniz+ an indep5d5t crime aga9/ humanity = ! protection ( sov]eign /ates4 ,pr(essor ,donn$ieu de ,vabres has p>ticul>ly m5tion$ ?is po9t ( view 9 8 lecture z a decisive po9t ( view ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,! same re/rictive view ( ?is "q is tak5 9 ! late/ ,int]national ,law ( ! ,unit$ ,nations ,organization 7,,uno71 ,*apt] ,i1 ,article #b1 p>agraph #g ( ! resolution ( ,san ,francisco1 conc]n+ ! e/abli%m5t ( ,,uno1 dat$ #bf ,june #aide1 reads t an int]f]5ce 9 matt]s :i* are )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! c\ntry is inadmissible4 ,accord+ly x is a fix$ pr9ciple ( int]national law ev5 today t proce$+s )9 a /ate _c entail sanction2 spok5 9 ! words ( ! /atute1 !re are no indep5d5t crimes aga9/ humanity1 :i* might be puni%$ z int]national crimes4 ,! op9ion ( ,hugo ,grotius & 8 num]\s adh]5ts is reject$ & is no long] valid z int]national law today4 ,int]v5tions f po9ts ( view ( humanity are decl9$1 z _! motive seems suspici\s to ! /ates4#acc ,decisive alone is ! practice ( ! memb]s ( ! body ( ! nations :o h agre$ on int]national law 7,voelk]re*tsgeme9s*aft7 & ! exi/+ agreem5ts on int]national law4 ,^! legal realities mu/ be contra/$ ) ! extravagant op9ion1 :i* believes t ! protection ( humanity c only be safegu>d$ by a k9d ( int]national sov]eignty limit$ by ! sov]eignty ( ! individual /ates4 ,?is w\ld be an aim :i* we w\ld mo/ s9c]ely desire to atta91 b practice %[s t !re are pl5ty ( crimes aga9/ humanity ev5 today1 b no in/itution :i* has ! p[] to puni% !m4 ,!re w nev] be su* an in/itution1 except ins(> z x conc]ns ! totally vanqui%$ aft] a total w>1 to :i* 9 ! future e w> mu/ lead4 ,ano!r po9t ( view is quot$ too :i*1 9 face ( ! decision ( ! ,,imt & :ile avoid+ a prec$5t1 w make crimes aga9/ humanity indep5d5t1 at lea/ ins(> z application 9 ,g]many is conc]n$1 ) ! effect t crimes ( ,g]mans aga9/ ,g]mans c\ld be puni%$ by ! milit>y tribunals ( ! occupy+ p[]4 ,x is ma9ta9$ t ! au?ority ( ! ,control ,commission = ,g]many ) reg>d to national law gave !m ! p[] to ext5d ! scope ( puni%m5t = crimes aga9/ humanity1 indep5d5t ( ! /atute4 ,?is is oppos$ by ! elem5t>y pr9ciple ( int]national law t ! legislative au?ority ( an occupy+ p[] only beg9s ) ! mom5t ( occupation & !re=e c h no retrospective =ce4 ,?is pr9ciple is n 9 opposition to ! !ory t int]national law ackn[l$g$ a s-call$ 8retrospectiv5ess0 = w> crimes 9 a wid] s5se1 = ?is retrospectiv5ess only ref]s to ! 8int]national crimes0 :i* are effective outside ( "o's own c\ntry & h an imm$iate influ5ce f ! po9t ( view ( int]national law4 ,!re x s]ves to c>ry ?r\gh int]national p5al law1 ! realization ( :i* w\ld o!rwise be impossible4 ,"h ! s-call$ retrospectiv5ess means no?+ else b t int]national law takes prec$5ce ov] national law4 ,?is int]national po9t ( view c h no value = national law4 ,if a diff]5t rule 7 9 op]ation1 all p]sons :o support$ ! political oppon5t1 i4 e41 ! s-call$ 8patriots0 might be puni%$ aft] ! occupation ( a c\ntry1 & ,hitl]'s ,commiss> ,ord] ,kommiss>-,befehl accord+ to :i* all active ,communi/s 7 to be %ot1 w\ld be sanction$1 because !y 7 ,communi/s & because ( t 7 decl>$ enemies ( mank9d1 i4 e4 8crim9als aga9/ humanity40 ,su* a *eck+ ( ! 8morals0 ( ! enemy seems inadmissible2 ! *eck+ ( ! conditions 9 "o's own c\ntry is a matt] = ! p itself2 ! latt] may1 on acc\nt ( its laws1 or 9 a revolution1 prosecute its compatriots itself1 on ! gr\nds ( _! behavior4 ,! ,,imt kept j to ?is fundam5tal idea ( ! /atute & "o _c pu% ?is law aside arbitr>ily by decl>+ on political gr\nds t 9 ord] to secure peace & democracy all actions committ$ =m]ly 9 ! c\ntry mu/ be puni%$ z crimes aga9/ humanity4 ,by su* an int]pretation ( ! au?ority 9 national law y w\ld place y\rself 9 /rong opposition to ! proclamation ( ,g5]al ,eis5h[] on ! occasion ( ! occupation ( ,g]many2 ?is 0 incorporat$ 9 ,law ,no4 #a ( ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t1 & ! foll[+ 0 decre$ "u ?reat ( dea? 9 case ( violation3 8,accusation may only be br\ght 91 s5t5ce only be pass$ & puni%m5t be inflict$1 if a law :i* 0 9 =ce at ! "t :5 ! act 0 committ$ expressly decl>es ?is action puni%able4 ,puni%m5t ( acts z a result ( application ( analogy or accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! #8s\nd popul> feel+' is prohibit$40 ,!n attempts 7 made to support ! unlimit$ legislative "r ( ! occupy+ p[] by o!r means1 & !y ref]r$ to a 8debellatio0 or 8quasi-debellatio0 or to ! fact t ,g]many _h capitulat$ unconditionally4 ,disreg>d+ ! fact t no debellatio is 9 h& & t only ! ,allies pron\nce !mselves occupy+ p[]s1 &1 )\t m5tion+ t ,grossadmiral ,do5itz#acd _h no valid au?ority to r5\nce ! protective int]national law = ! ,g]man p1 ! valid law is cle>ly laid d[n 9 ! ,hague ,conv5tion4 ,! regulations conta9$ !re 9 ,*apt] ,,iii h be5 creat$ j = a capitulation situation & regulate ! "r ( occupation4 ,unconditional capitulation does n mean r5unciation ( ! protection ( int]national law nor submission to arbitr>9ess & illegality2 b capitulation )9 ! framework ( ! w> conv5tions1 i4 e41 )9 ! framework ( ! ,hague ,conv5tion4 ,^! provisions ( ! ,hague ,conv5tion are n only valid = ! "t ( actual fight+1 b mu/ be valid also = ! "t aft] cessation ( ! actual ho/ilities until ! peace treaty4 ,! fundam5tal idea ( ! ,hague ,conv5tion is ! protection ( ! population aga9/ ! arbitr>9ess ( ! enemy1 & x _c be p]mitt$ t aft] cessation ( ho/ilities /rict] rules may be appli$ to ! inhabitants ( an occupi$ t]ritory ?an dur+ ! "t ( actual fight+4 ,9 ! "t :5 ! occupy+ p[] h>dly seems endang]$ any m ! arbitr>9ess ( a belat$ puni%m5t ( political oppon5ts = actions1 :i* !y did 9 _! own c\ntry accord+ to ! laws ( _! own c\ntry1 mu/ n rule4 ,law ,no4 #aj _c disreg>d ?is int]national law1 :i* 0 ackn[l$g$ by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal aft] x _h be5 issu$ & ?is ,tribunal w h to *eck ! au?ority ( ! ,control ,commission & wat* t no measures are tak5 ( :i* ! p>ticipat+ peoples ( ! ,signatory ,/ates are n in=m$ (ficially1 z ! decisive laws 7 submitt$ to no special ratification4 ,?us we come to ! conclusion t ! crime aga9/ humanity ( ,law ,no4 #aj mu/ be ! same z t ( ! /atute4 ,b\nd to a w> crime x _c be appli$ to actions ( ,g]mans aga9/ ,g]mans4 ,connect$ ) a crime aga9/ peace y c imag9e su* crimes aga9/ ,g]mans1 b ^! crimes mu/ be 9 ! execution ( or 9 connection ) a crime aga9/ peace4 ,s at lea/ !re mu/ be a close connection ) a c]ta9 crime4 ,c]ta9ly x _c be suffici5t1 !re=e1 t an act aga9/ a ,g]man is committ$ dur+ a w> & objectively fur!r$ ! w>1 b ! p]petrator mu/ h kn[n t 8 action 0 9 connection ) a c]ta9 crime aga9/ peace1 ev5 if he himself 7 n guilty ( x4 ,)\t ?is limit1 all h>d measures1 :i* are tak5 dur+ a w> ev5 aga9/ "o's own population1 z = example aga9/ consci5ti\s objectors & saboteurs1 ought to be puni%$ z crimes aga9/ humanity 9 connection ) a crime aga9/ peace1 if ?is w> is decl>$ to be an aggressive "o by ! enemy1 aft] x has be5 lo/4 ,!re=e c]ta9 ?+s mu/ be 9 h& :i* make ! crime obvi\s & prove ! connection4 ,if y 7 to decide o!rwise ! well-=mulat$ specifications ( ! /atute w\ld be sup]flu\s1 & likewise ! protection ( ! population by ! ,hague ,conv5tion w\ld be set aside 9 an inadmissible way1 z ! execution ( e ord]$ w> measure c be decl>$ 8inhuman04 ,?is int]pretation ( ! subsidi>y nature ( ! crime aga9/ humanity is confirm$1 if "o asc]ta9s :at ! real crime aga9/ humanity itself is prim>ily suppos$ to be4 ,9 ! ,flick#ace case ! prosecution tri$ to make a def9ition f ,article #f 7c7 ( ! /atute4 ,!y ref]r$ to ! clause 89 connection ) a crime )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! c\rt01 & int]pret$ ?is z foll[s3 ,t crimes ( especially l>ge proportions mu/ be 9 "q1 s9ce ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal %\ld only deal ) su*4 ,su* an int]pretation _c be ma9ta9$1 z ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal is compet5t = ! mo/ insignificant w> crime too1 & = e crime aga9/ peace1 reg>dless ( its dim5sions4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ! /atute does n conta9 a def9ition at all & t *>act]i/ics ( a crime aga9/ humanity are n /ipulat$4 ,if y want to f9d su* a specification = an indep5d5t crime aga9/ humanity1 :i* is deta*$ f crimes aga9/ peace & w> crimes1 y c only fall back on ! notori\s 8s\nd feel+0 & y w get lo/ 9 ! void1 because its limits are n fix$1 b %ift accord+ to ! political wi%4 ,"h y c po9t to ! fact t ,g]many's unre/ra9$ ,u-boat w> dur+ ! ,fir/ ,_w ,w> 0 !n pillori$ z a crime aga9/ humanity & caus$ ,am]ica to ent] ! w>4 ,dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 h[ev]1 ! same mann] ( w>f>e 0 us$ by ! ,,usa aga9/ ,japan2 ?is 0 cle>$ up be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal by an affidavit ( ,admiral ,nimitz4#acf ,! answ] to ! "q z to :at ! crime aga9/ humanity itself consi/s ( c only be giv5 f ! examples ( ! /atute & c be support$ by ! int]pretation :i* ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal has giv54 ,accord+ to ?is ! crime aga9/ humanity is ! aggravation ( a w> crime or a crime aga9/ peace4 ,x diff]s f ^! crimes by its dim5sion1 its sy/em1 & ! mann] ( execution4 ,?is c be d$uc$ f ! word+ ( ! text ( ! /atute :]e z typical examples are quot$3 8extirpation1 enslavem5t1 deportation04 ,9 cases ( crimes aga9/ humanity1 accord+ to ?is1 actions mu/ be 9 "q :i* are puni%able 9 !mselves already1 b 9 addition to ?is g fur!r & are ext5d$1 s t !y are 8qualifi$0 crimes4 ,! dim5sion ( ! crimes is confirm$ by ! word+ ( ! ,russian text1 :i* does n m5tion 8homicide0 b 8homicides0 9 ! plural1 & n 8p]secution0 b 8p]secutions0 9 ! plural4 ,! ,russian text ( ,law ,no4 #aj is word$ simil>ly4 ,?is op9ion is confirm$ 9 two places by ! decision ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,! "q ( crimes aga9/ humanity is specially dealt ) !re 9 ! section 8,w> ,crimes & ,crimes aga9/ ,humanity01#acg & 9 ! section 8,! ,law ,relat+ to ,w> ,crimes & ,crimes aga9/ ,humanity04#ach ,"h ! actions :i* are pron\nc$ z crimes aga9/ humanity are *>act]iz$ z p]petrat$ 8on a l>ge scale0 & z 8me?odically0 & 8sy/ematically0 execut$4 ,!y are call$ 8t]ror politics0 & are call$ 8t]rible & brutal0 z well z 8utt]ly ru?less01 8det]r5t & horrible04 ,n isolat$ murd] nor isolat$ imprisonm5t nor ! isolat$ boycott+ ( a ,jew is meant1 b only a g5]al measure :i* violates 8! mo/ elem5t>y laws ( humanity04 ,^! are n actions :i* an individual c execute alone2 he ne$s organiz$ help = t4 ,!re=e ! p]petrator c only be a comm&]2 he :o obeys is 8 tool & c only become a puni%able assi/ant4 ,"h ! individual does n act f 8 own crim9al motive1 b he acts accord+ to ord] & high] in/ruction4 ,!re=e ! motive ( ! action is basically political4 ,above all1 ! ,hague ,conv5tion _h 9 m9d common crimes ( individuals1 :i* are reject$ by ! /ates !mselves & :i* !y !mselves prosecute by p5al law 9 ! int]e/ ( humanity4 ,= ?is purpose ! /ates _h issu$ correspond+ national laws4 ,9 ! developm5t ( ?is idea1 x is f n[ on a "q ( prev5t+ political measures1 :i* are me?odically c>ri$ ?r\gh by ! /ate1 by int]national p5al law1 i4 e41 measures :i* are reject$ by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal z 8b>b>ic me?ods0 & z 8me?ods = break+ e resi/ance40 ,! rejection ( su* me?ods z crimes aga9/ humanity 0 express$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,hague ,conv5tion ,annex 9 ,article #bb1 accord+ to :i* ! bellig]5t nations h no unlimit$ "r 9 ! *oice ( means = do+ damage to ! enemy4 ,n[ ! p]petrators ( ^! actions are to be puni%able4 ,:i* means are /ill p]mitt$ 9 battle1 h[ev]1 & :i* me?ods are /ill admissible1 c only be ga!r$ f ! practice ( ! /ates4 ,if y look = an indep5d5t measur+ rod = humanity1 y mu/ e/abli% t ?+s seem /ill admissible :i* =ce u to /op a mom5t4 ,! de/ruction ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( inhabitants ( an unprotect$ city by bomb c>pets & ! use ( ! atomic bomb makes a discussion r s5seless1 z humanity did n object to ^! horrors1 :i* 9 future w ev5 be surpass$4 ,?is measur+ rod mu/ n be =gott5 if y proce$ to ! judgm5t ( ! crimes aga9/ humanity ( :i* p are accus$ "h4 ,if su* mon/rosities are deem$ admissible on "o side1 :ile simil> actions on ! "p ( ! enemy are condemn$1 ! judgm5t ( humanity c only dep5d on ! approval or disapproval ( ! purpose & aim1 & !reby loses ! "n ( ju/ice4 ,! firm gr\nd on :i* ! puni%able crime aga9/ humanity re/s1 c only be ! prov$ w> crime or a def9ite crime aga9/ peace4 ----- #aai ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bec-bee1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #abj ,ibid41 p4 #bed4 #aba ,clos+ /atem5t is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ad ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajgah-ajgif4 #abb ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bah1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #abc ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj1 ,article ,,iii1 p>4 #a7;d7 & #b1 ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t ,ord9ance ,no4 #g1 ,article ,,ii4 #abd ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bah1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #abe ,ibid41 pp4 #bca1 #bdg1 #beb1 #bed1 #cja4 #abf ,ibid41 pp4 #agd1 #bec4 #abg ,ibid41 pp4 #bed1 #bee4 #abh ,ibid4 #abi ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,fri$ri* ,flick1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,,vi4 #acj ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bed1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #aca ,lecture ( ,pr(essor ,donn$ieu de ,vabres1 ,association des ,etudes ,int]nationales 8,le ,procs de ,nuremb]g40 ,libr>y ( ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal ,,xii #bei4 #acb ,translation ( ,protocol 9 ?is brief diff]$ f orig9al ,engli% copy4 ,au!ntic ,engli% v]sion has be5 ins]t$ "h4 #acc ,comp>e lit]ature ( ! ,soviet ,union4 7,k>l ,br&t #ahh n introduc$ 9 evid5ce47 #a4 ,hi/ory ( ! all-,soviet ,communi/ ,p>ty 7,bol%evi/s74 ,"u ! editorial managem5t ( ! commission ( ! ,c5tral ,committee ( ! ,communi/ ,p>ty #aich 7,bol%evi/s7 approv$ by ! ,c5tral ,committee ( ! ,communi/ ,p>ty ,,ogis ,/ate ,publi%+ ,(fice = ,political ,lit]ature #aide1 *apt] #h3 8,! p>ty ( ! ,bol%evi/s dur+ =eign milit>y int]v5tion & ! ,civil ,w> #aiah-aibj1 page #bae4 #b4 8,int]v5tion10 play 9 #d acts by ,salaw9 ,slav9 #aidj1 ,moskau ,mosc[-,l5+rad 7,k>l ,br&t #abg n introduc$ 9 evid5ce74 #acd ,def5dant be=e ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,see ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 ,vols4 ,i-,,xlii1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #ace ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,fri$ri* ,flick1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,,vi4 #acf ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,,xvii1 pp4 #cgg-cha1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidh4 #acg ,ibid41 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bbf-bbh4 #ach ,ibid41 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bec-bee4 ,b4 ,responsibility ( ,sup]iors = ,acts ( ,subord9ates a4 ,introduction ,def5dants :o 7 9 high positions 9 ! ,g]man m$ical s]vice reject$ responsibility = ! alleg$ crim9al conduct ( _! subord9ates4 ,! prosecution argu$ t x 8w\ld be an un=givable misc>riage ( ju/ice to puni% ! doctors :o work$ on ! victims 9 ! conc5tration camps :ile _! sup]iors1 ! lead]s1 in/igators1 & organiz]s g free40 ,! prosecution1 = example1 argu$ t ,k>l ,br&t held supreme au?ority ov] all m$ical s]vices 9 ,g]many1 bo? milit>y & civilian2 t ,h&los] 0 ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices 9 ! ,wehrma*t2 t ,ro/ock 0 ,k>l ,br&t's deputy *>g$ ) ! task ( 8c5trally coord9at+ & direct+ ! problems & activities ( ! entire m$ical & heal? s]vice0 9 ! field ( sci5ce & rese>*2 t ,s*ro$] 0 ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe2 t ,g5zk5 0 ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss2 t ,blome 0 ! ,deputy ,rei* ,heal? ,lead]2 & t ^! m5 7 cle>ly responsible = ! acts ( _! subord9ates 9 _! respective sectors4 ,! prosecution's summation ( evid5ce on ?is "q has be5 tak5 f ! clos+ /atem5t :i* appe>s bel[ on pages #ibf to #icf4 ,extracts f ! f9al pleas = ! def5dants ,k>l ,br&t1 ,s*ro$]1 ,ro/ock1 & ! clos+ briefs = ,h&los]1 ,g5zk51 & ,blome appe> on pages #icf to #ieg4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,prosecution#aci 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,responsible ,lead]s ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ,9 view ( ! cle> & ov]:elm+ pro(1 x c only be conclud$ t ! practice ( exp]im5tation on conc5tration camp inmates )\t _! cons5t 0 an organiz$ & sy/ematic program4 ,x is1 !re=e1 appropriate to consid] :e!r we h 9 ?is dock ! lead]s ( ! ,g]man m$ical s]vices )\t :om ^! crimes w\ld n h be5 possible4 ,x w\ld be an un=givable misc>riage ( ju/ice to puni% ! doctors :o work$ on ! victims 9 ! conc5tration camps :ile _! sup]iors1 ! lead]s1 organiz]s1 & in/igators g free4 ,x has be5 e/abli%$ beyond controv]sy t ^! ?+s c\ld n h happ5$ )\t cov] f ! top4 ,:o1 !n1 7 ^! m5 on ! top8 ,_! survivors1 ) "o exception1 are all 9 ?is dock4 ,9 ! numb] "o seat we h ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t4 ,he held supreme au?ority ov] all ! m$ical s]vices 9 ,g]many1 bo? milit>y & civilian4 ,he jo9$ ! ,nazi ,p>ty 9 ,janu>y #aicb & ! ,,ss 9 #aicd1 9 :i* he rose to ! rank ( ,grupp5fuehr] ,major ,g5]al4 ,9 ! latt] ye>1 at ! age ( #cj1 he became ! att5d+ physician to ,adolf ,hitl] & reta9$ ?is position until #aide4 ,8 close p]sonal relation%ip to ! ,fuehr] expla9s 8 rapid rise to p[]4 ,on ! day ,pol& 0 invad$ 9 #aici1 ,hitl] ord]$ ,br&t & ,philipp ,b\hl]1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,*ancell]y ( ! ,fuehr]1 to c>ry out ! s-call$ ,eu?anasia ,program4 ,aside f 8 p]sonal influ5ce & intimate connection ) ,hitl]1 ,br&t's greate/ p[] 9 ! m$ical s]vices came f 8 position z ,g5]al ,commission] & lat] ,rei* ,commission] ( ! ,heal? & ,m$ical ,s]vices4 ,z a result ( ! disa/r\s w9t] campaign 9 ! ,ea/ 9 #aida1 ,hitl] e/abli%$ = ! fir/ "t a m$ical & heal? (ficial "u 8 direct control by decree ( #bh ,july #aidb4 ,?is decree made ,br&t ! supreme au?ority ov] all m$ical s]vices 9 ,g]many4 ,x /at$ 9 "p z foll[s3 8,i emp[] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,k>l ,br&t1 subord9ate only to me p]sonally & receiv+ 8 in/ructions directly f me1 to c>ry out special tasks & negotiations1 to readju/ ! requirem5ts = doctors1 hospitals1 m$ical supplies1 etc41 betwe5 ! milit>y & ! civilian sectors ( ! ,heal? & ,m$ical ,s]vices4 ,my pl5ipot5ti>y = ,heal? & ,m$ical ,s]vices is to be kept in=m$ ab\t ! fundam5tal ev5ts 9 ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t & 9 ! ,civilian ,heal? ,s]vice4 ,he is au?oriz$ to int]v5e 9 a responsible mann]40 7,,no-#jhj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #e47 ,by ! same decree *iefs 7 also commission$ = ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t & ! ,civilian ,heal? ,s]vice4 ,! def5dant ,h&los] became ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t1 :ile ,dr4 ,leon>do ,conti1 ,/ate ,secret>y = ,heal? & ! ,rei* ,heal? ,lead]1 0 made ,*ief ( ! ,civilian ,heal? ,s]vices4 ,br&t 0 ! sup]ior ( bo? ,h&los] & ,conti1 & ?r\gh !m _h ext5sive p[]s ov] ! ,army1 ,navy1 ,luftwaffe1 ,waff5 ,,ss1 & ,civilian ,m$ical ,s]vices4 ,br&t /ood at ! apex ( p[]4 ,he 0 subord9at$ to no "o save ! ,fuehr]4 ,he 0 ! man to act = ! ,fuehr] 9 m$ical matt]s4 ,! decree au?oriz$ ,br&t 8to int]v5e 9 a responsible mann]0 & direct$ t he be kept in=m$ ( 8fundam5tal ev5ts04 ,c]ta9ly no?+ c\ld be m fundam5tal ?an a policy ( p]=m+ m$ical exp]im5ts involv+ ! torture & dea? ( involunt>y human subjects4 ,on #e ,septemb] #aidc ,hitl] issu$ a second decree emp[]+ ,br&t 8) c5trally coord9at+ & direct+ ! problems & activities ( ! entire m$ical & heal? s]vices 99 99 9904 7,,no-#jha1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #f47 ,! ord] expressly /at$ t ,br&t's au?ority cov]$ ! field ( m$ical sci5ce & rese>*4 ,%ortly foll[+ ! issuance ( ?is decree1 ! def5dant ,ro/ock 0 appo9t$ by ,br&t z ,*ief ( ! ,(fice = ,sci5ce & ,rese>*1 ) pl5>y p[]s 9 t field4 ,f9ally1 on #be ,augu/ #aidd1 ! ,fuehr] elevat$ ,br&t to ,rei* ,commission] = ! ,heal? & ,m$ical ,s]vices & /at$ t 9 ?is capacity 88 (fice ranks z highe/ ,rei* au?ority40 ,br&t's position 0 ?us equival5t to t ( a ,rei* ,m9i/]4 ,he 0 au?oriz$ 8to issue in/ructions to ! (fices & organizations ( ! ,/ate1 ,p>ty1 & ,wehrma*t1 :i* are conc]n$ ) ! problems ( ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices04 7,,no-#jhb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #g47 ,x is cle> t ?is decree 0 issu$ to resolve a /ruggle = p[] betwe5 ,br&t & ,conti4 ,c]ta9ly ! decree does no m ?an give ,br&t a m augu/ title & re/ate 8 p[]s1 p[]s :i* he _h already receiv$ z e>ly z ,july #aidb4 ,br&t te/ifi$ t x m]ely 8/r5g!n$0 8 position4 ,a s]vice regulation issu$ by ,keitel = ,h&los]1 z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t1 at a "t :5 ,br&t 0 /ill ,g5]al ,commission]1 provid$ t ,h&los] 0 subject to ! 8g5]al rules ( ! ,fuehr]'s ,commission] ,g5]al = ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices0 & t ,br&t _h to be in=m$ ( ! 8basic ev5ts0 9 ! field ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,9 a pretrial affidavit ! def5dant ,h&los] /at$ t aft] he became ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t on #bh ,july #aidb 8,br&t 0 my imm$iate sup]ior 9 m$ical affairs40 7,,no-#ddc1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aj47 ,s*ro$] /at$ t 8,k>l ,br&t1 ,h&los]1 & ,ro/ock 7 in=m$ ( ! m$ical rese>* "w conduct$ by ! ,luftwaffe40 7,,no-#ddi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #acj47 ,9 addition to 8 position z ,g5]al & ,rei* ,commission] ( ! ,heal? & ,m$ical ,s]vices1 ,br&t 0 also a memb] ( ! ,presid5tial ,c\ncil ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 an organization :i* gave f9ancial support = crim9al exp]im5ts4 ,9 ! numb] two seat is ! def5dant ,h&los] :o held supreme p[] ov] ! m$ical s]vices ( all bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,e>ly 9 #aida he 0 appo9t$ ,army ,m$ical ,inspector & ,army ,physician ,army ,m$ical ,*ief 7,he]es>zt74 ,he held ^! positions until ,septemb] #aidd & z su* _h complete comm& ov] ! entire ,army ,m$ical ,s]vices :i* 0 by f> ! l>ge/ ( ! m$ical bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,9 8 capacity z ,army ,m$ical ,inspector1 ,h&los] _h subord9at$ to him ! ,consult+ ,physicians ( ! ,army1 ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy1 ! ,typhus & ,virus ,in/itutes ( ! ,,okh at ,krak[ & ,lemb]g ,lvov1 & ! ,m$ical ,s*ool = ,m\nta9 ,troops at ,/4 ,johann4 ,he atta9$ ! rank ( ,g5]alob]/abs>zt1 ! highe/ milit>y m$ical rank4 ,on #bh ,july #aidb1 ,h&los] 0 elevat$ to ! newly creat$ position ( ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,?is 0 ! same decree :i* appo9t$ ,br&t ,g5]al ,commission]1 to :om ,h&los]1 on ! milit>y side1 & ,conti1 on ! civilian side1 7 subord9at$4 ,h&los] 0 *>g$ ) ! coord9ation ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t & all organizations & units subord9at$ or atta*$ to ! ,wehrma*t1 includ+ ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,prior to ?is decree !re 7 f\r sep>ate m$ical bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t1 ! ,army1 ,luftwaffe1 ,navy1 & ,waff5 ,,ss1 ea* op]at+ indep5d5tly ( ! o!r4 ,pursuant to ?is decree1 ,h&los] 0 appo9t$ to coord9ate & unify _! op]ations & 0 directly responsible to ,keitel z ,*ief ( ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,wehrma*t 7,,okw74 ,he _h au?ority ov] ! ,*iefs ( ! ,army1 ,navy1 ,luftwaffe1 & ,waff5 ,,ss ,m$ical ,s]vices1 & all organizations & s]vices employ$ )9 ! framework ( ! ,wehrma*t1 & ov] 8all sci5tific m$ical in/itutes1 academies1 & o!r m$ical in/itutions ( ! s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t & ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss40 ,emphasis add$4 7,,no-#bbg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aa47 ,he 0 ! advis] ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,supreme ,comm& & ( ! ,wehrma*t 9 all que/ions conc]n+ ! m$ical s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t & ( its heal? guidance4 ,9 ! field ( m$ical sci5ce1 8 duties 7 to c>ry out uni=m measures 9 ! field ( heal? guidance1 rese>* & combat+ ( epidemics1 & all m$ical matt]s :i* requir$ a uni=m rul+ among ! ,wehrma*t1 & fur!r1 9 ! evaluation ( m$ical exp]i5ces4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal means us$ by ! def5dant ,h&los] 9 coord9at+ sci5tific rese>* 0 ! jo9t meet+ ( consult+ physicians ( ! f\r bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t4 ,at ! ,second ,meet+ ,ea/ ( ,consult+ ,physicians 9 ,decemb] #aidb at ! ,milit>y ,m$ical ,academy1 ,h&los] himself po9t$ out q cle>ly ! task ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t 9 unify+ m$ical sci5tific rese>*4 ,9 address+ ! full meet+ he said3 8,! dem&s & ext5t ( ?is total w>1 z well z ! relation%ip betwe5 ne$s & availability ( p]sonnel & mat]ial1 require measures1 also 9 milit>y & m$ical fields1 :i* w s]ve ! unification & unifi$ lead]%ip4 ,x is n a "q ( #8m>*+ sep>ately & battl+ toge!r'1 b m>*+ & battl+ mu/ be done 9 unison f ! beg9n+ 9 all fields4 8,z a result1 ) respect to ! milit>y sector1 ! ,wehrma*t ,m$ical ,s]vice & ) x ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t came into be+4 ,n only 9 matt]s ( p]sonnel & mat]ial--ev5 z f> z ?is is possible 9 view ( special fields & special tasks :i* mu/ be consid]$--b also ) a view to m$ical sci5tific education & rese>*1 our pa? 9 ! ,wehrma*t ,m$ical ,s]vice mu/ & w be a unifi$ "o4 ,accord+ly1 ! gr\p ( p>ticipants 9 ?is ,second ,"w ,conf]5ce ,ea/1 :i* ,i h n[ op5$1 is diff]5tly compos$ f ! ,fir/ ,"w ,conf]5ce 9 ,may ( ?is ye>4 ,!n x 0 a conf]5ce ( ! army2 today ! ?ree bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t1 ! ,waff5 ,,ss & ,police1 ! ,labor ,s]vice & ! ,organization ,todt are p>ticipat+ & unifi$4 8,y w surely p]mit t ,i greet y ) a g5]al welcome & ) ! s9c]e wi% t our common "w may be bless$ ) ! hop$ = jo9t success4 8,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 l to ext5d a special greet+ to ! ,rei* ,*ief ( ,heal? ,s]vices1 ,"u ,secret>y ,conti1 :o holds ! c5tral lead]%ip ( m$ical s]vices 9 ! civilian sector4 ,i see 9 8 pres5ce n only an int]e/ 9 our "w !mes1 b ! expression ( 8 connection ) ! ,wehrma*t ,m$ical ,s]vice & 8 und]/&+ ( ! special importance ( ! ,wehrma*t 9 ! field z well z at home4 ,i ne$ n emphasize t we are z "o 9 ! recognition ( ! necessity to assure & ease ! m9d ( ! soldi]1 t he ne$ n worry ab\t ! physical well-be+ ( ! homel& z f> z ?is is )9 ! realm ( possibility 9 w>time40 7,,no-#ibb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dce47 ,aga91 at ! ,f\r? ,meet+ ( ,consult+ ,physicians 9 ,may #aidd ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t /ress$ ! importance ( ,h&los]'s position1 say+-- 8,g5]alob]/abs>zt ,h&los]1 y1 a soldi] & a physician at ! same "t1 are responsible = ! use & ! p]=mance ( our m$ical (fic]s4 99 99 99 99 99 8,i believe1 & ?is probably is ! sole expectation ( all conc]n$1 t ?is meet+ :i* today />ts 9 ,hoh5ly*5 w be held = ! b5efit ( our soldi]s4 ,! a*ievem5ts to date ( y\r physicians1 ,h]r ,g5]alob]/abs>zt1 confirm ?is unequivocally1 & _! read9ess to d _! %>e makes all ( u pr\d &--,i may also say--confid5t4 99 99 99 99 99 8,x is good simply to call ^! ?+s by _! names & to look at !m z !y are4 ,?is meet+ is ! visible expression ( x--x is1 x %all be1 & x mu/ be s 9 e respect2 ! consult+ physicians are ga!r$ ar\nd _! m$ical *ief4 ,:5 ,i look at ^! ranks1 y ,g5]alob]/abs>zt ,h&los]1 are to be envi$2 m$ical exp]ts1 ) ! be/ & mo/ highly tra9$ special k1 are at y\r disposal = c>e ( ! soldi]s4 ,9 reciprocal action betwe5 y\rself & y\r m$ical (fic]s1 ! problem ( our m$ical k & capacity are kept alive40 7,,no-#ibd1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dcg47 ,?is 0 no accolade paid to a man )\t p[] & influ5ce4 ,if ,h&los] is n responsible = ! crimes committ$ by ! m$ical s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t1 & especially ( ! ,army & ,luftwaffe1 !n no "o is responsible4 ,9 ! numb] ?ree seat we h ! def5dant ,ro/ock :o1 z ,br&t's special deputy1 0 *>g$ ) ! task ( 8c5trally coord9at+ & direct+ ! problems & activities ( ! entire ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices0 9 ! field ( sci5ce & rese>*4 ,ev5 prior to 8 appo9tm5t to t position 9 ! fall ( #aidc1 ,ro/ock 0 "o ( ! responsible lead]s ( ! ,g]man m$ical pr(ession4 ,9 #aidb he 0 appo9t$ ,dean ( ! ,m$ical ,faculty ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,b]l94 ,9 ! same ye> he became consult+ surgeon to ,h&los] z ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspector4 ,he atta9$ ! rank ( ,g5]al>zt4 ,z ,*ief ( ! ,(fice = ,sci5ce & ,rese>* "u ,br&t1 x 0 ,ro/ock's task to coord9ate sci5tific rese>* 9 ,g]many4 ,he receiv$ reports z to ! issuance ( rese>* assignm5ts by ! v>i\s ag5cies 9 ,g]many & det]m9$ :i* ( su* assignm5ts %\ld be consid]$ 8urg5t04 ,he also s]v$ z ,br&t's alt]nate on ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,9 ! numb] f\r seat we h ! def5dant ,s*ro$]1 :o f #a ,janu>y #aidd until ! end 0 ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,f #aice until ,febru>y #aidj ,s*ro$] 0 ,*ief ( ,/aff to 8 pr$ecessor1 ,eri* ,hippke z ,luftwaffe ,m$ical ,inspector4 ,f ,febru>y #aidj until ,janu>y #aidd he s]v$ z ,air ,fleet ,physician ( ,air ,fleet #b1 :5 he replac$ ,hippke z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,simultane\sly he 0 promot$ to ! rank ( ,g5]alob]/abs>zt4 ,z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe1 all m$ical (fic]s ( ! ,g]man ,air ,=ce 7 subord9at$ to him4 ,8 position & responsibility are cle> & unequivocal4 ,9 seat numb] five is ! def5dant ,g5zk51 :o1 z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 0 "o ( ! highe/ rank+ m$ical (fic]s 9 ! ,,ss4 ,he jo9$ ! ,nazi ,p>ty 9 #aibf & 9 #aicf he w5t on active duty ) ! ,,ss 9 ! ,m$ical ,(fice ( ! ,,ss ,special ,s]vice disposal ,troops ,,ss ,v]fuegung/ruppe1 :i* subsequ5tly became ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aicg ! ,m$ical ,(fice ( ! ,,ss 0 enl>g$ & split into two dep>tm5ts4 ,g5zk5 0 made director ( ! dep>tm5t *>g$ ) ! supply ( m$ical equipm5t to & ! sup]vision ( m$ical p]sonnel 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,9 ?is capacity he 0 ! m$ical advis] to ! notori\s ,eicke1 pr$ecessor ( ,pohl z ! comm&] ( all conc5tration camps4 ,sa*s5haus51 ,da*au1 ,bu*5wald1 ,mau?aus51 ,floss5bu]g1 & ,neu5gamme1 among o!rs1 7 "u ! m$ical sup]vision ( ,g5zk54 ,few m5 c\ld h be5 bett] advis$ z to ! sy/ematic oppression & p]secution ( ! hapless prison]s ( ^! in/itutions4 ,9 ,may #aidj1 ,g5zk5 became ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,(fice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 9 ! ,,ss ,op]ational ,headqu>t]s1 ) ! rank ( ,ob]fuehr]4 ,! ,,ss ,op]ational ,headqu>t]s 0 subord9at$ to ,grupp5fuehr] ,hans ,juettn] & 0 "o ( ! twelve ma9 (fices ( ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,,ss4 ,:ile ,juettn] 0 ,g5zk5's milit>y sup]ior1 8 te*nical or m$ical sup]ior 0 ,rei*s>zt ,,ss ,grawitz = :om he s]v$ z deputy on _m occasions4 ,9 #aidb 8 position became kn[n z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ,division ,d ( ! ,,ss ,op]ational ,headqu>t]s4 ,he atta9$ ! rank ( ,grupp5fuehr] 9 ! ,,ss & ,g5]alleutnant ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss major g5]al4 ,among ! (fices subord9at$ to ,g5zk5 0 t ( ! ,*emical & ,ph>maceutical ,s]vice "u ,blum5reut] & ,hygi5e "u ! def5dant ,mrug[sky4 ,mrug[sky 0 atta*$ to ,g5zk5's (fice z a hygi5i/ 9 #aidj & 0 at ! same "t ,*ief ( ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss :i*1 9 turn1 0 subord9at$ to ,g5zk54 ,on #a ,septemb] #aidc1 ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,,ss 0 reorganiz$ &1 among o!r ?+s1 ,blum5reut]1 ,mrug[sky1 & ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 7 transf]r$ to ! ,(fice ( ! ,rei*s>zt ,,ss1 ,grawitz4 ,!reaft] ! direct subord9ation 0 to ,grawitz r ?an to ,g5zk54 ,& !n !re is ! def5dant ,blome1 ,grupp5fuehr] ,major ,g5]al 9 ! ,,sa1 ,deputy ,rei* ,heal? ,lead]1 ,deputy ,lead] ( ! ,rei* ,*amb] ( ,physicians & ! ,national ,sociali/ ,physicians ,association1 ,repres5tative = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,m$ical ,/udy1 ,pl5ipot5ti>y 9 ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 & ,*ief ( ,rese>* on ,bact]iological ,w>f>e4 ,z ! close/ associate ( ,conti1 he _c be omitt$ f ! li/ ( ! p[]ful4 ,conti 0 ! highe/ au?ority 9 ! field ( civilian heal? adm9i/ration4 ,! decree ( #bh ,july #aidb1 sign$ by ,hitl]1 conc]n+ ! reorganization ( ! m$ical s]vices1 def9es ! position ( ,conti z foll[s3 8,9 ! field ( civilian heal? adm9i/ration ! ,/ate ,secret>y 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior1 & ! ,*ief ( ! ,heal? ,adm9i/ration ( ! ,rei* ,rei*sgesundheitsfuehr]1 ,dr4 ,conti1 is responsible = coord9at$ measures4 ,= ?is purpose he has at 8 disposal ! compet5t dep>tm5ts ( ! highe/ ,rei* au?orities & _! subord9ate (fices40 7,,no-#jhj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #e47 ,!re 0 n a s+le m$ical "q :i* did n rea* ! ,rei* ,heal? ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,nazi ,p>ty & ! ,rei* ,*amb] ( ,physicians1 subord9at$ to :i* 7 all physicians 9 ,g]many1 ) ! exception ( ^? on active ,s]vice ) ! arm$ =ces & 9 ! ,,ss4 ,z a memb] ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 ,blome 0 p]sonally connect$ ) plans & ent]prises involv+ crim9al m$ical exp]im5tation4 ,^! 7 ! responsible lead]s ( ! m$ical s]vices ( ,g]many4 ,:o1 !n1 is miss+ f ?is illu/ri\s ga!r+8 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! trial1 we h frequ5tly he>d m5tion$ ! names ( ,conti & ,grawitz4 ,inde$1 ! def5dants w\ld h u believe t 9 ^! two m51 toge!r ) ,hitl] & ,himml]1 resid$ ! exclusive responsibility = ! manifold crimes ) :i* we are "h conc]n$4 ,i h>dly ne$ call att5tion to ! fact t all are dead4 ,all ( !m took _! own lives r ?an face ! b> ( ju/ice4 ,no "o c d5y t ^? m5 71 inde$1 guilty4 ,b ?is 9 no way s]ves to exon]ate ^! def5dants1 :o all play$ important roles 9 ! mad s*eme4 ,x is a curi\s ?+ t n "o ( ! def5dants has po9t$ an accus+ f+] at a liv+ man4 ,if !y are to be believ$1 all ! guilty p>ties to ^! crimes are dead4 ,accord+ to !m1 ju/ice mu/ seek retribution only f ! cadav]s4 ,! ,luftwaffe def5dants h be5 /rangely sil5t z to ,hippke1 :o1 b = a belat$ capture1 w\ld h a prom95t seat 9 ! dock4 ,^? def5dants :o work$ ) ! dead crim9als--su* z ,gebh>dt1 ,mrug[sky1 & ,popp5dick ) ,grawitz1 & ,blome ) ,conti--ask ! ,tribunal to say t _! association 0 honorable & pure1 t _! "w 0 9 ano!r field1 t _! ma/]s' crimes come z a great surprise & 7 nev] kn[n to !m4 ,! evid5ce proves1 h[ev]1 t !y n only knew ( & support$ ^! crimes1 b also took a p]sonal "p 9 !m4 ,9 connection ) ! responsible positions ( ^! def5dants & mo/ p>ticul>ly ( ,k>l ,br&t & 8 assi/ant ,ro/ock1 ,h&los]1 ,s*ro$]1 ,g5zk51 & ,blome1 ,i wi% to call ! ,tribunal's att5tion to ! decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! case ( ,9 re ,yama%ita4#adj ,on #be ,septemb] #aide1 ,yama%ita1 ! ,comm&+ ,g5]al ( ! ,f\rte5? ,army ,gr\p ( ! ,imp]ial ,japanese ,army 9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s 0 *>g$ ) violation ( ! laws ( w>4#ada ,he !reaft] plead$ n guilty1 0 tri$1 f\nd guilty z *>g$1 & s5t5c$ to dea? by hang+4 ,a petition = a writ ( habeas corpus 0 fil$ ) ! ,supreme ,c\rt purport+ to %[ t ,yama%ita's det5tion 0 unlawful = ! reason1 among o!rs1 t ! *>ge pref]r$ aga9/ him fail$ to *>ge him ) a violation ( ! laws ( w>4 ,! *>ge /at$ t ,yama%ita1 betwe5 #i ,octob] #aidd & #b ,septemb] #aide1 9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 8:ile comm&] ( arm$ =ces ( ,japan at w> ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica & its ,allies1 unlawfully disreg>d$ & fail$ to dis*>ge 8 duty z comm&] to control ! op]ations ( ! memb]s ( 8 comm&1 p]mitt+ !m to commit brutal atrocities & o!r high crimes aga9/ p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( its ,allies & dep5d5cies1 p>ticul>ly ! ,philipp9es2 & he 99 99 99 !reby violat$ ! laws ( w>40 ,! milit>y commission#adb :i* tri$ ,yama%ita f\nd t atrocities & o!r high crimes _h be5 committ$ by memb]s ( ! ,japanese ,arm$ ,=ces "u 8 comm&1 t !y 7 n sporadic 9 nature b 9 _m cases 7 me?odically sup]vis$ by ,japanese (fic]s1 & t dur+ ! p]iod 9 "q ,yama%ita fail$ to provide effective control ( 8 troops z 0 requir$ by ! circum/ances4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt /at$ ! "q = _! decision 9 ! foll[+ language3 8,x is n d5i$ t su* acts direct$ aga9/ ! civilian population ( an occupi$ c\ntry & aga9/ prison]s ( w> are recogniz$ 9 int]national law z violations ( ! law ( w> 99 99 994 ,b x is urg$ t ! *>ge does n allege t petition] has ei!r committ$ or direct$ ! commission ( su* acts1 & consequ5tly t no violation is *>g$ aga9/ him4 ,b ?is ov]looks ! fact t ! gi/ ( ! *>ge is an unlawful brea* ( duty by ! petition] z an army comm&] to control ! op]ations ( ! memb]s ( 8 comm& by #8p]mitt+ !m to commit' ! ext5sive & widespread atrocities specifi$4 ,! "q !n is :e!r ! law ( w> imposes on an army comm&] a duty to take su* appropriate measures z are )9 8 p[] to control ! troops "u 8 comm& = ! prev5tion ( ! specifi$ acts :i* are violations ( ! law ( w> & :i* are likely to att5d ! occupation ( ho/ile t]ritory by an uncontroll$ soldi]y1 & :e!r he may be *>g$ ) p]sonal responsibility = 8 failure to take su* measures :5 violations result40 ,! ,c\rt held t ! *>ge 0 suffici5t & t ! law ( w> 8pla9ly impos$ on petition]1 :o at ! "t specifi$ 0 milit>y gov]nor ( ! ,philipp9es1 z well z comm&] ( ! ,japanese =ces1 an affirmative duty to take su* measures z 7 )9 8 p[] & appropriate 9 ! circum/ances to protect prison]s ( w> & ! civilian population4 ,?is duty ( a comm&+ (fic] has h]et(ore be5 recogniz$1 & its brea* p5aliz$ by our own milit>y tribunals40 ,?is decision is squ>ely 9 po9t z to ! crim9al responsibility ( ^? def5dants 9 ?is dock :o _h ! p[] & au?ority to control ! ag5ts ?r\gh :om ^! crimes 7 committ$4 ,x is n incumb5t ^u ! prosecution to %[ t ?is or t def5dant 0 famili> ) all ( ! details ( all ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,inde$1 9 ! ,yama%ita case1 !re 0 no *>ge or pro( t he _h k ( ! crimes4 ,9 ! case be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal1 pro( 0 submitt$ t ! ,rei*sbank1 ( :i* ! def5dant ,funk 0 presid5t1 _h receiv$ f ! ,,ss ! p]sonal belong+s ( victims :o _h be5 ext]m9at$ 9 conc5tration camps4 ,9 t connection ! ,tribunal said 9 its judgm5t3 8,funk has prote/$ t he did n "k t ! ,rei*sbank 0 receiv+ articles ( ?is k9d4 ,! ,tribunal is ( ! op9ion t he ei!r knew :at 0 be+ receiv$ or 0 delib]ately clos+ 8 eyes to :at 0 be+ done40#adc ,b we ne$ n discuss ! requirem5t ( k on ! facts ( ?is case4 ,x has be5 repeat$ly prov$ t ^? responsible lead]s ( ! ,g]man m$ical s]vices 9 ?is dock n only knew ( ! sy/ematic & crim9al use ( conc5tration camp inmates = murd]\s m$ical exp]im5ts1 b also actively p>ticipat$ 9 su* crimes4 ,c x be held t ,k>l ,br&t _h no k ( ^! crimes :5 he p]sonally initiat$ ! jaundice exp]im5ts by ,dohm5 9 ! ,sa*s5haus5 conc5tration camp & ! phosg5e exp]im5ts ( ,bick5ba*8 ,c x be f\nd t he knew no?+ ( ! crim9al ,eu?anasia ,program :5 he 0 *>g$ by ,hitl] ) its execution8 ,c x be said t ,h&los] _h no k :5 he p>ticipat$ 9 ! conf]5ce ( #bi ,decemb] #aida :]e x 0 decid$ to p]=m ! ,bu*5wald typhus crimes1 :5 reports 7 giv5 on crim9al exp]im5ts at meet+s call$ & presid$ ov] by him8 ,0 ,ro/ock an isl& ( ignorance :5 he arrang$ ! program = & presid$ ov] ! meet+s at :i* ,gebh>dt & ,fis*] lectur$ on _! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts1 :5 he classifi$ z 8urg5t0 ! crim9al rese>* ( ,hirt1 ,haag51 & ,bick5ba*8 ,did ,s*ro$] lack k :5 he p]sonally reque/$ ,himml] to supply him ) inmates = ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts8 ,c x be f\nd t ,g5zk5 _h no k ( ^! crimes :5 ! mis]able ,dr4 ,d+ 0 subord9at$ to & receiv$ ord]s f him 9 connection ) ! typhus exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald1 :5 8 (fice suppli$ ,ras*] ) equipm5t = ! freez+ exp]im5ts8 ,0 ,blome insuffici5tly in=m$ 9 ! face ( pro( t he collaborat$ ) ,ras*] 9 ! blood coagulation exp]im5ts1 issu$ a rese>* assignm5t to him on freez+ exp]im5ts & to ,hirt on ! gas exp]im5ts1 z well z p]=m$ bact]iological w>f>e & poison exp]im5ts himself8 ,no1 x 0 n lack ( in=mation z to ! crim9al program :i* expla9s ! culpable failure ( ^! m5 to de/roy ?is ,frank5/e9's mon/]4 ,nor 0 x lack ( p[]4 ,c anyone d\bt t ,k>l ,br&t c\ld h issu$ in/ructions to ,h&los] & ,conti t doctors subord9at$ to !m 7 n to exp]im5t on conc5tration camp inmates8 ,x is no excuse to say t ,hitl] & ,himml] approv$ ! policy & t 8 ef=ts may h fail$4 ,c]ta9ly !y approv$ x4 ,b ! fact is t ,br&t also approv$ ( & p]sonally p>ticipat$ 9 ! program4 ,he 0 ! 8highe/ ,rei* au?ority0 9 ! m$ical s]vices1 n ,himml]4 ,! m$ical s]vices 7 ,br&t's prim>y function1 :ile ,himml] _h a few o!r tasks to keep him busy1 su* z runn+ ! ,,ss1 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior1 ! ,g]man ,police1 & ! ,home ,army1 to m5tion a few4 ,no?+ c\ld h be5 easi] = ,h&los] ?an to issue a g5]al directive t (fic]s ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,wehrma*t 7 to keep out ( conc5tration camps4 ,if he c\ld n h done s1 !n we mu/ conclude t no "o c\ld h4 ,h&los] _h no pe] 9 ! milit>y m$ical s]vices4 ,& :at ,h&los] c\ld h done = all ! bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t1 ,s*ro$]1 ,g5zk51 & ,blome c\ld h done ) respect to ! ,luftwaffe1 ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 & ! ,rei* ,heal? ,dep>tm5t4 ,! conclusion is inescapable t ! crimes ( ^! responsible lead]s is a hundr$fold great] ?an t ( ! wret*es :o execut$ ! murd]\s exp]im5ts 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,!irs 0 ! p[]1 ! opportunity1 & ! duty to control & _! failure is _! ev]la/+ guilt4 c4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t#add 99 99 99 99 99 ,to :at ext5t is ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t implicat$ 9 ! m$ical exp]im5ts8 ,! prosecution says he is implicat$ 9 almo/ all ( !m & ref]s to 8 position & 8 connections4 ,!y /ate t he 0 ! highe/ ,rei* au?ority 9 ! m$ical sph]e2 !re1 h[ev]1 !y are misl$ by an error ( ! translator1 = ,k>l ,br&t only _h ! p[]s1 regulat$ 9 a g5]al way1 ( an 8,ob]/e ,rei*sbeho]de0 highe/ ,rei* ag5cy1 b ! execution ( ^! p[]s 0 re/rict$ to special cases4 ,?is appe>s f ! ?ree kn[n decrees & f ! explanation !re( giv5 by ! witnesses4 ,moreov] ,k>l ,br&t 0 n giv5 ^! functions until #aidd1 :5 ^! exp]im5ts 7 practically f9i%$1 z is %[n by ! "t s*$ule submitt$ to ! ,tribunal = comp>ison4 ,x has be5 prov$ t ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t himself 9 a broadca/ publicly call$ 8 position z ,rei* ,commission] t ( a 8diff]5tial0 7coord9ator74 ,9 fact1 ,k>l ,br&t's task 0 n to ord] b to adju/2 x 0 a task design$ to fit 8 "*4 ,we h also le>n$ f ! pres5tation ( evid5ce t ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t did n h ! ma*9]y at 8 disposal = issu+ ord]s :i* 0 necess>y = a supreme ,rei* au?ority2 he lack$ ! /aff & ! means4 ,no "o :o is acqua9t$ ) a gov]nm5t adm9i/ration w ?9k x possible "u ^! circum/ances t ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t might h be5 able to en=ce 8 po9t ( view aga9/ ! resi/ance ( ! old ag5cies2 no "o w ev5 ?9k x probable t any?+ w\ld h be5 done to facilitate su* an attempt ( ! 8new ma/]40 ,consequ5tly1 ,k>l ,br&t's position 0 n su* z to ju/ify ! conclusion drawn by ! prosecution ab\t 8 g5]al k4 ,!re 0 no (ficial *annel by :i* ev]y?+ _h to come to 8 k1 = he 0 n ! sup]ior ( o!r au?orities4 ,x is true t ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t 0 suppos$ to be in=m$ ab\t fundam5tal matt]s1 t he _h ! "r to int]v5e1 etc4 ,b ^! 7 only possibilities1 n 9 con=mity ) conditions 9 practice4 ,we h se5 t ,conti oppos$ him & t ,himml] prohibit$ direct contact ) ,k>l ,br&t )9 8 sph]e4 ,!re=e1 ,k>l ,br&t c be br\ght into connection only ) ! ev5ts 9 :i* he p>ticipat$ directly4 ,"h x is /rik+ fir/ ( all t ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t1 :o is suppos$ to h be5 ! highe/ au?ority1 appe>s only v r>ely4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[ ! prosecution endeavors to e/abli% a connection ( ,k>l ,br&t ) ! o!r exp]im5ts via ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,x is true t "o c e/abli% su* a connection !oretically on pap]1 b ! l9ks ( ! *a9 break :5 "o exam9es !m closely4 ,only ! head ( ! specializ$ dep>tm5t ,fa*sp>t5leit] judg$ ! s-call$ rese>* assignm5ts1 & he only inve/igat$ :e!r ! aim 0 necess>y = w>1 n h[ ! exp]im5t 0 to be c>ri$ out4 ,he c\ld n in=m o!rs ( matt]s :i* he did n get to "k himself4 ,! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t is *>g$ fur!r ) n hav+ prote/$ 9 "o case :5 he he>d ab\t dea?s caus$ by exp]im5ts on p]sons s5t5c$ to capital puni%m5t 9 ! well-kn[n lecture on sulfanilamide4 ,i mu/ po9t out t ev5 if ?is exp]im5t _h be5 inadmissible1 sil5ce w\ld n be a crime = ass5t aft] ! act is )\t importance 9 crim9al law & "o c be connect$ ) plans & ent]prises only z long z !y h n come to an end4 ,n[ ! prosecution has introduc$ 9 its clos+ brief ! new *>ge by :i* x holds ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t responsible = neglig5ce4 ,9 ?is respect ,i %\ld l to po9t out t no indictm5t = neglig5ce has be5 br\ght 9 & t ! concept ( a crime aga9/ humanity committ$ by neglig5ce _c exi/4 ,x w1 !re=e1 be suffici5t to emphasize t ! alleg$ neglig5ce dep5ds on ! exi/5ce ( an obligation ( sup]vision & ! "r to give ord]s ?r\gh o!r ag5cies4 ,9 e /ate ! sph]es ( compet5cy are sep>at$ & x is n possible = ev]yone to int]f]e 9 ev]y?+ because ev]yone is responsible = ev]y?+4 ,! prosecution says t ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t ought to h us$ 8 influ5ce & h avail$ himself ( 8 intimate relation%ip to ,hitl] to /op ! exp]im5ts4 ,ev5 presum+ t he 0 aw>e ( ! facts z crimes1 8 guilt w\ld n be ( a legal b only ( a political or moral nature4 ,till n[ nobody has be5 held crim9ally responsible = ! conduct ( a sup]ior or a fri5d2 h[ev]1 ! ,tribunal only has to consid] ! "q ( crim9al law4 ,b 9 fact ^! close relations did n exi/2 ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t 0 ! surgeon :o _h to be 9 att5dance on ,hitl]2 ,dr4 ,morell1 ! latt]'s p]sonal physician1 soon tri$ to und]m9e ! confid5ce plac$ 9 ,k>l ,br&t s t he 0 *>g$ ) commissions :i* remov$ him f>!r & f>!r f ! sph]e ( 8 m$ical activity4 ,! alleg$ intimate relations 7 ev5tually cr[n$ by ! dictation ( a dea? s5t5ce aga9/ ,k>l ,br&t )\t 8 hav+ be5 grant$ ev5 a consultation on ! *>ges advanc$ aga9/ him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,s*ro$]#ade 99 99 99 99 99 ,y\r ,honors1 a cle> di/9ction mu/ be made betwe5 ! p]iods :5 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] 0 n yet ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe & ! "t :5 he held t (fice4 ,we are conc]n$ "h ) ! p]iod f ! beg9n+ ( #aidj to ! end ( #aidc4 ,dur+ t p]iod ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*ro$] 0 ! lead+ m$ical (fic] ( ,airfleet #b1 & z su* cont9ually on s]vice outside ,g]many4 ,x 0 only f #a ,janu>y #aidd onw>ds t he held ! position ( ,*ief ( ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,?is %[s cle>ly t ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*ro$] _c be held responsible = all exp]im5ts 9 conc5tration camps :i* 7 c>ri$ out prior to #a ,janu>y #aidd4 ,8 sph]e ( duties 0 conf9$ to ! m$ical c>e ( ! airfleet units "u him & he 0 )\t any (ficial po9ts ( contact ) ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate unless ! latt] 0 compet5t = 8 position z an airfleet doctor4 ,to give a picture ( ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]'s duties at t "t1 ,i draw att5tion to ! fact t ! p]sonnel /r5g? ( ,airfleet #b am\nt$ to #bjj1jjj to #cjj1jjj m54 ,:5 deal+ ) ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]'s responsibility = ! high-altitude exp]im5ts 9 ,da*au1 ! prosecution _h ov]look$ ! fact t at ! "t 9 "q1 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] 0 airfleet doctor & ma9ta9$ t dur+ t "t he 01 aft] ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hippke1 ! ,m$ical ,*ief1 ! second highe/ m$ical (fic] ( ! ,luftwaffe4 ,f t circum/ance1 ! prosecution draws ! inf]5ce t ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]1 z ! second highe/ m$ical (fic]1 0 ! obvi\s deputy = ,hippke &1 !re=e1 _h to "k ab\t ! mo/ important ev5ts conc]n+ ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 ,! def5dant ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] has 9 8 def5se prov$ beyond d\bt t he 0 n ! mo/ s5ior m$ical (fic] aft] ,hippke &1 !re=e1 n ,hippke's deputy4 ,z ,g5]al>zt & ,g5]al/abs>zt he simply _h ! rank next to t ( ! ,m$ical ,*ief1 z did ! o!r five airfleet doctors4 ,above him 9 rank 7 two ,g5]al/absa]zte1 namely ,g5]al/abs>zt ,dr4 ,neumuell] & ,dr4 ,blaul4 ,! =m] _h 8 (fice 9 ,b]l9 & 0 9 fact ,hippke's deputy if & :5 necess>y4 ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*ro$] has also refut$ ! fur!r assumption ( ! prosecution t 8 relations ) ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,hippke _h be5 p>ticul>ly close1 = :i* reason ,hippke _h in=m$ him ab\t ! high-altitude exp]im5ts4 ,9 p>ticul> ! witness ,dr4 ,augu/9ick1 ,s*ro$]'s p]sonal adjutant dur+ 8 s]vice z an airfleet doctor1 confirm$ t relations betwe5 ,hippke & ,s*ro$] 7 extremely t5se & unpleasant & t !y conf9$ !mselves to discuss+ only ! necess>y ?+s on ! occasion ( _! highly infrequ5t (ficial meet+s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y\r ,honors1 if "o surveys ! conduct ( ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] dur+ ! entire p]iod f #aidj until ! end ( ! w>1 "o w n be able to f9d "o s+le piece ( evid5ce to %[ t ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] at any "t or 9 any mann] violat$ ! duties :i* ! call+ ( a physician or m$ical e?ics prescrib$ = him4 ,9 no in/ance did he act 9 a mann] :i* c\ld n /& exam9ation by a c\rt4 ,"o may well claim t he nev] disreg>d$ ! maxim ( ,hippocrates 8primum nil noc]e10 b pres]v$ x z a guid+ pr9ciple ( 8 actions z a doctor & (fic] ( ! m$ical s]vices ( ! ,g]man ,luftwaffe4 ,! prosecution has fail$ to prove t ,s*ro$] ev] ord]$ su* an exp]im5t dur+ ! p]iod ( "t cov]$ by ! *>ges ( ! prosecution1 or t he p>ticipat$ or _h k ( any su* exp]im5t4 ,x has n ev5 be5 prov$ t x 0 possible or necess>y = him to ga9 k ( su* exp]im5ts4 ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] has cle>ly expla9$ :y he c\ld n ga9 su* k4 ,= ! :ole p]iod ( "t f #aidb to ! end ( #aidc ! responsibility mu/ re/ on ,pr(essor ,hippke1 b n on ,pr(essor ,s*ro$]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,ro/ock#adf 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! op5+ /atem5t ,g5]al ,taylor said t ! ,rei* ,commission] = ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,sy/em 0 to be reg>d$ z ! supreme ,rei* au?ority4 7,tr4 p4 #ai47 ,! emphasis on ?is ^w is confus+ & contradicts ! au!ntic ,docum5t ,,no-#jhb1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #g :i* /ates1 8,9 ?is capacity 8 ag5cy is a supreme ,rei* au?ority40 ,9 ?is decree1 !n1 ! ^w 8!0 is miss+4 ,b ?is is mo/ ess5tial4 ,= ! decree signifies t x is "o ( _m 8supreme ,rei* au?orities10 :]eas ! type ( expression *os5 by ,g5]al ,taylor mu/ lead "o to conclude t x 0 ! only 8supreme ,rei* au?ority0 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?4 ,b1 z ! evid5ce has %[n1 ?is 0 n true4 ,9 8 op5+ /atem5t on #i ,decemb] #aidf 7,tr4 p4 #ai7 ,g5]al ,taylor said3 8,ro/ock's position compris$ ! activities ( ! m$ical societies1 ! m$ical univ]sities1 & ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil40 ,dur+ ?is trial none ( ! num]\s ,g]man m$ical societies1 ) ! exception ( ,ahn5]be1 h be5 attack$4 ,i want to po9t out "h t1 fir/ ( all1 ! ,ahn5]be _c be consid]$ z a m$ical society1 z is prov$ beyond d\bt by ! plan ( organization submitt$ to ?is ,tribunal4 7,siev]s #b1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #d2 ,siev]s #c1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #f47 ,& let me po9t out t ,ro/ock te/ifi$ 7,tr4 p4 #cbif7 t dur+ ! w> he did n "k ?is society or ev5 its "n1 & t on #aa ,april #aidg ! witness ,siev]s /at$ 7,tr4 p4 #eghh7 t ,ahn5]be's m$ical in/itutes = sci5tific rese>* ( milit>y value 7 n subord9ate to ! ,commission] ,g5]al = ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,sy/em1 t means1 7 n subord9ate to ! (fice direct$ by ,ro/ock4 ,nei!r 7 ! m$ical univ]sities subject to 8 sup]vision4 ,!y 7 subord9ate to ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ,education4 ,i %all deal ) ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil lat] on4 ,fir/1 ,i w\ld l to deal ) ! ,(fice = ,sci5ce & ,rese>*4 ,z f> z ! incorporation into ! ,g]man /ate ma*9]y ( ! ,(fice ( ! ,commission] ,g5]al or ! ,rei* ,commission] = ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,s]vices is conc]n$1 ,i ref] to ,dr4 ,s]vatius' /atem5ts4 ,)\t a d\bt1 ! prosecution has ga9$ ! wrong impression ( ! ext5t1 actual activity1 & influ5ce on o!r ag5cies ( ! ,(fice = ,sci5ce & ,rese>*4 ,ro/ock has dealt ) ?is "q 9 detail dur+ direct exam9ation4 ,! ,tribunal w c]ta9ly /ill h a recollection ( 8 /atem5t4 ,ro/ock actually _h no sup]visory au?ority ov] rese>* "w ( ! bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t & ! ,,ss4 ,br&t's1 & ?us also ,ro/ock's1 commission did n comprise all m$ical affairs b only special tasks z 0 te/ifi$ q cle>ly "h by ! witness ,lamm]s on #g ,febru>y #aidg4 7,tr4 p4 #bffg47 ,& ! assignm5t giv5 ,ro/ock did n include sup]vision ( practical rese>*4 7,tr4 p4 #bddi47 ,on #bc ,april #aidg ,pr(essor ,rose q correctly describ$ ! situation 9 ,g]many 7,tr4 p4 #fcjj7 :5 he said t ! c5tral plann+ ( m$ical rese>* 9 ,g]many is a phantom born #a ye>s aft] ! end ( ! w>4 ,true1 attempts 7 made to correct ! impossible situation creat$ by ! lack ( a c5tral direction ( sci5ce 9 ,g]many4 ,attempts 7 made b ! lead+ ,g]man politicians recogniz$ ! importance ( sci5ce too late4 ,g]many did n h an in/itution ) ! compet5cy & ! f9ancial means ( ! ,am]ican 8,(fice ( ,sci5tific ,rese>* & ,developm5t0 "u ,dr4 ,vannev> ,bu% :i*1 "u ! direction ( ! same man1 0 tak5 ov] into ! ,unit$ ,/ates' peace organization "u ! "n ( 8,jo9t ,rese>* & ,developm5t ,bo>d40 ,! relation%ip ( ,ro/ock's ag5cy to ! ,,ss mu/ be discuss$ briefly1 = all exp]im5ts :i* play a "p 9 ^! proce$+s 71 aft] all1 c>ri$ out 9 conc5tration camps :i* came "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,,ss4 ,ro/ock himself 0 nev] a memb] ( ! ,,ss4 ,ap>t f t1 he _h no o!r relations ( any k9d ) ! ,,ss4 ,:5 ! ag5cy ( ! ,commission] ,g5]al = ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,sy/em 0 creat$1 ,hitl]1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,himml]1 made x q cle> to ,k>l ,br&t t 9 8 7,k>l ,br&t's7 capacity ( ,commission] ,g5]al ! ,,ss 0 n 8 affair4 7,tr4 p4 #bcbd47 ,! practical execution ( ?is directive has be5 expressly confirm$ by ,g5zk54 7,tr4 p4 #cghj47 ,fur!rmore1 ! decree ( #be ,augu/ #aidd 7,,no-#jhb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #g71 :i* li/s ! ag5cies to :i* ! ,rei* ,commission] = ! ,m$ical & ,heal? ,sy/em c\ld give directives1 does n m5tion ! ,,ss4 ,g5zk5 also te/ifi$ t no direct connections exi/$ betwe5 ,g5zk5's & ,br&t's (fices4 ,accord+ to ! num]\s affidavits submitt$ by ,g5zk5 7,g5zk5 #a1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #c2 ,g5zk5 #i1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #i2 ,g5zk5 #f1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #aj2 ,g5zk5 #h1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #aa2 ,g5zk5 #c1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #ab2 ,g5zk5 #e1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #ac2 ,g5zk5 #af1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #ad2 ,g5zk5 #ag1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #ae2 ,g5zk5 #ae1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #af7 only ,grawitz 0 compet5t = sci5tific rese>* )9 ! ,,ss4 ,g5zk5 also te/ifi$ t ,ro/ock nev] gave in/ructions 9 rese>* affairs to ! ,,ss4 7,tr4 p4 #cghj47 ,gebh>dt te/ifi$ on #d ,m>* t ,grawitz 0 nev] subord9ate to ,k>l ,br&t & t ,br&t nev] ev5 _h ! "r to give directives to ,grawitz4 7,tr4 p4 #cigg47 ,he te/ifi$ fur!r t ,himml] want$ to create a 8sci5ce exclusively = ! ,,ss0 & t ! univ]sity p _h resi/$ t attempt4 ,h[ev]1 ,ro/ock mu/ q def9itely be consid]$ an expon5t ( univ]sity sci5ti/s4 ,! pro( = ! correctness ( ,himml]'s int5tion ( a 8sci5ce exclusively = ! ,,ss0 is conta9$ 9 a lett]1 dat$ #bb ,septemb] #aidb1 f ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,b]g] to ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss4 7,k>l ,br&t #abj1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ce47 ,:5 9 ! in/ruction ( #ae ,may #aidd 7,,no-#iai1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #dfj7 ,himml] fix$ ! =malities = ! c>ry+ out ( exp]im5ts on prison]s1 x 0 natural t ! names ( ,ro/ock or ,k>l ,br&t 7 n m5tion$ 9 x4 ,?is in/ruction 0 n s5t to ,k>l ,br&t ev5 = in=mation purposes z is reveal$ by ! docum5t itself4 ,?is %\ld be suffici5t pro( t ,ro/ock _h no influ5ce on rese>* activities )9 ! ,,ss or ! conc5tration camps4 ,dur+ discussion ( ! individual exp]im5ts x has already be5 po9t$ out t he did n ev5 "k ( !m4 ,9 reg>d to rese>* commissions giv5 to ! m$ical *iefs ( ! ,luftwaffe1 ,s*ro$] _h claim$ 7,,no-#ddi1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #acj7--;& dur+ cross-exam9ation he 0 aga9 reproa*$ = ?is docum5t 7,tr4 p4 #cfie7--t all rese>* assignm5ts _h to g ?r\gh ,ro/ock's (fice4 ,9 8 affidavit ,s*ro$] te/ifi$ t ?is 0 an errone\s description4 7,ro/ock #aa1 ,ro/ock ,ex4 #aj47 ,9 ano!r int]rogation on #bg ,febru>y #aidg by ,dr4 ,krauss 7,tr4 p4 #cfie7 ,s*ro$] expressly confirm$ ! correctness ( ?is affidavit4 ,= x _h only be5 agre$ t a c>bon copy ( ! rese>* commission giv5 out w\ld be s5t to ,ro/ock4 ,8 approval ( ! assignm5t ( commissions 0 n requir$4 ,! witness ,wu]fl]1 too1 confirm$ ?is dur+ 8 cross-exam9ation by ,dr4 ,krauss on #ai ,febru>y #aidg4 7,tr4 p4 #cadb47 ,& 9 8 affidavit1 ,beck]-,freys5g te/ifi$ t ! ,luftwaffe did n commission ,ro/ock's (fice to c>ry out rese>* by way ( exp]im5ts on human be+s4 7,ro/ock #aj1 ,ro/ock ,ex4 #i47 ,dur+ ! he>+ ( evid5ce on #b ,june #aidg 9 ! case ( ,beck]-,freys5g1 x 0 discuss$ 9 detail h[ rese>* commissions happ5$ to come ab\t1 h[ reports 7 made on !m & t ! means by :i* results 7 obta9$ 7 n prescrib$2 & t a real control by ! ag5cy giv+ out ! commissions 0 nei!r ex]cis$ nor possible4 ,i ref] to ! transcript :i* conta9s significant te/imony 9 ?is connection4 7,tr4 pp4 #hcag1 #hcbj1 #hcba1 #hcbd-hcbf47 ,& n[ ,i w\ld l to turn to ! problems connect$ ) ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil4 ,"h ! prosecution has *>g$ ,ro/ock ) responsibility because f ! beg9n+ ( #aidd on he 0 ,br&t's deputy 9 8 capacity z a memb] ( ! presid+ c\ncil ( ?is body4 ,! fact itself is n1 b ! responsibility1 especially 9 ! s5se ( p5al law or morals1 mu/ be d5i$4 ,i d5y ! prosecution's ass]tion1 lead+ up to ,mr4 ,mc,haney's /atem5t ( #aj ,decemb] #aidf 7,tr4 pp4 #if & #add71 t ,ro/ock ex]cis$ a 8sup]visory control0 ov] ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil or--on ! occasion ( submitt+ a lett] f ,ras*] ab\t freez+ exp]im5ts 7,,no-#dcb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aai7--t ! 8,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil z a :ole is implicat$ 9 a crim9al mann]40 ,! "q ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil has be5 cle>$ up suffici5tly dur+ ! exam9ations ( ,k>l ,br&t1 ,ro/ock1 ,blome1 ,siev]s1 z well z by ! affidavits ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,manag+ ,committee ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 ,m5tzel4 7,ro/ock #ac1 ,ro/ock ,ex4 #ab2 ,siev]s #db1 ,siev]s ,ex4 #dc47 ,z ! crux em]ges 9 ?is connection ! fact t ^? responsible = ! assignm5t ( rese>* commissions 71 exclusively1 ! manag]s ( ! special sections & _! au?oriz$ ag5ts & pl5ipot5ti>ies :o 9 turn 7 directly responsible to ,h]mann ,go]+4#adg ,ro/ock 0 n among !m4 ,! memb]s ( ! presid+ bo>d _h no sup]visory duty ov] & no "r to issue directives to ! manag]s ( ! special sections4 ,! memb]s ( ! presid+ bo>d 7 in=m$ ab\t rese>* c>ri$ out ?r\gh ! pr9t$ reports1 ! s-call$ 8,r$ ,booklets40 ,x c be assum$ 8t ! prosecution is 9 possession ( ^! booklets4 ,! entire files ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil 7 h&$ ov] to ! ,am]ican au?orities by ,pr(essor ,os5b]g & "s docum5ts f ^! files h be5 submitt$ dur+ ?is trial40 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ! 8,r$ ,booklets0 conta9$ a s+le p>agraph :i* c\ld be us$ to prove ! prosecution's claims1 x c be assum$ ) c]ta9ty t ^! booklets w\ld h be5 submitt$ "h4 ,b ?is 0 n done4 ,f ?is ! conclusion c be drawn ) c]ta9ty t ! memb]s ( ! ,presid+ ,c\ncil ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil did n receive any in=mation ab\t crim9al exp]im5ts4 ,&1 z quot$ be=e 9 ?is connection1 ,mr4 ,mc,haney himself admitt$ dur+ ! cross-exam9ation ( ,ro/ock t he did n believe t1 = example1 ,haag5 in=m$ ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil ab\t 8 exp]im5ts 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,haag5 made detail$ /atem5ts on ! com+ into be+ ( rese>* commissions 9 g5]al &1 also 9 p>ticul>1 on t ( ! commissions he gave out1 & on ! "r & ! duty ( control held by ! ag5cy giv+ ! commission4 7,tr4 pp4 #idag-idai47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,h&los] 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is ! duty ( ! ,inspector ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,s]vice1 z ,*ief ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,s]vice1 to insure )9 ! scope ( 8 (ficial sup]vision t ! int]m$iate sup]iors are able to p]=m _! duties4 ,he also has to see to x t ! milit>y in=mation & report *annels are well organiz$ 9 ord] to gu>antee ! requir$ survey ( ! :ole complex & ! report+ & imm$iate inve/igation ( unusual individual cases4 ,?is requires ! greate/ possible c>e 9 ! selection ( ! subord9ate lead+ m$ical (fic]s1 z well z p]iodic inspections to be c>ri$ out by ! (fic]s select$4 ,pr(essor ,h&los] has submitt$ an affidavit to ?is ,tribunal conc]n+ ! report+ sy/ems p]ta9+ to milit>y m$ical matt]s ( ! ,w]ma*t bran*es4 7,h&los] #fe1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #fb47 ,?is docum5t reveals ! exempl>y organization ( ! ,message & ,report ,organization1 includ+ ! sph]e ( ! consult+ exp]t physicians4 ,! h&l+ ( ! reports on 8special occurr5ces0 seems to me to be ( special importance = ! problem "u discussion "h4 ,x 0 a /&+ ord] = ! :ole ,wehrma*t t e (fice1 includ+ ! (fices ( ! m$ical s]vice1 _h to report to ! sup]ior (fice imm$iately & by ! quicke/ me?od ea* occurr5ce ( ea* circum/ance outside ! b\nds ( normal ev5ts4 7,h&los] #fe1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #fb47 ,pr(essor ,h&los] z ,inspector ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,s]vice & ,surgeon ,g5]al ,army ,m$ical ,*ief 7,he]es>zt7 0 ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice = all fronts & ! zone ( ! int]ior & 0 responsible to ! ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,army & to ! ,comm&] ( ! ,replacem5t ,army4 ,! #bf1ejj m$ical (fic]s ( ! army 7 subord9at$ to him4 ,8 field ( (fice & ! ext5t ( 8 "w 71 !re=e1 extremely wide4 ,to h&le su* a l>ge field ( "w prop]ly--9 ,h&los]'s case x also includ$ ! (fice ( ! ,*ief ( ,army ,m$ical ,s]vice--a division ( labor _h to be made into "t1 space1 & facts4 ,! organization & ! progress ( "w 9 ! sph]e ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspector & ! ,*ief ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,s]vice 0 expla9$ by ,pr(essor ,h&los] 9 8 affidavit4 7,h&los] #bi1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #d47 ,accord+ to ?is ! basic & mo/ important que/ions 7 dealt ) & decid$ ^u 9 any case by ,pr(essor ,h&los] z ! *ief ( ! highe/ (fice4 ,9 ?is connection ,i ref] to ! te/imony ( ,dr4 ,wu]fl] 7,tr4 p4 #cace7 & affidavit ( ,s*midt-,brueck54 7,h&los] #fb1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #eh47 ,special att5tion has to be paid "h to incom+ mail 7messages1 reports1 lett]s74 ,9 ! ,h&los] affidavit 7,h&los] #bi1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #d71 ! foll[+ is /at$3 8,all lett]s & packages1 unless !y 7 m>k$ #8secret' or #8top secret' 7,mil47 w5t to ! regi/ry4 ,"h !y 7 op5$1 ! date /amp 0 affix$ by ! regi/r> :o simultane\sly m>k$ ! lett] = deliv]y to ! ,*ief ( ,/aff1 or to ! v>i\s section *iefs direct4 ,! ,*ief ( ,/aff 9 turn m>k$ ^? communications :i* 7 to be submitt$ to ! m$ical *ief ) a cross 9 color$ p5cil4 8,secret & top secret 7,mil47 mat]ial 0 h&l$ 9 a special mann]4 ,?is mat]ial 0 ent]$ 9 a j\rnal1 & !n direct$ to ! att5tion ( ! ,*ief ( ,/aff :o 9 turn det]m9$ :i* docum5ts 7 to be submitt$ to1 or br\ght to ! att5tion (1 ! m$ical inspector imm$iately or aft] !y _h be5 dealt )40 ,?is arrangem5t c\ld be made )\t prejudic+ a regul> settlem5t s9ce ! au?orities 9 "q 7 "u ! comm& ( specially qualifi$ p 7dep>tm5t *iefs7 head$ by ! ,*ief ( ,/aff :o sup]vis$ ! daily bus9ess r\t9e & 0 responsible = all bus9ess matt]s4 ,) reg>d to ,h&los] x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t dur+ ! w> he 0 v r>ely pres5t 9 ! head (fice 7,b]l974 ,ow+ to ,h&los]'s d\ble function z an army doctor & ,army ,m$ical ,*ief1 & fur!rmore z a result ( ! division ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate into two p>ts = ! front & ! zone ( ! int]ior1 ,h&los] necess>ily _h to sp5d mo/ ( 8 "t at army headqu>t]s & at ! front4 ,he c\ld only be pres5t 9 ,b]l9 = ab\t "o-t5? ( ! "t4 7,tr4 p4 #cace47 ,fur!rmore1 x became necess>y to /aff ! (fices at home ) specially qualifi$ m$ical (fic]s s9ce !y _h to act ma9ly on _! own initiative 9 p]=m+ _! tasks4 ,! ,*ief ( ,/aff ( ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspectorate1 = in/ance1 0 a ,g5]al>zt2 ! *iefs ( ! individual dep>tm5ts 7 ,ob]/a]zte4 ,9 ord] to d ju/ice to ! burd5 & ! responsibility :i* ,h&los] _h be5 %\ld]+1 "o mu/ visualize ! tasks & scope ( "w connect$ ) ! ,m$ical ,inspectorate4 ,ow+ to ! w> ^! tasks _h be5 int5sifi$ to ! utmo/ limits1 !re 0 ! expansion ( ! !at]s ( op]ation & ! p]sonal problems ( #bf1ejj m$ical (fic]s4 ,"o w also realize t ,h&los] c\ld only att5d to ! mo/ important & ! mo/ basic problems4 ,! ,*ief ( ,/aff & ! dep>tm5tal *iefs1 z 0 _! duty1 det]m9$ :i* matt]s 7 ( suffici5t basic & vital importance to be ref]r$ = decision to ! ,army ,m$ical ,*ief4 ,x mu/ be consid]$ mo/ unlikely = ! highe/ au?ority 7i4 e41 ! *ief7 ( a l>ge sph]e ( activity to h k ( all happ5+s )9 ?is sph]e4 ,fur!rmore1 actual facts d n confirm t ! p]son ex]cis+ ! highe/ p[]s ( comm& )9 ! milit>y hi]>*y ( ! army is 9 "s degree ! orig9ator ( all ord]s execut$ by a subord9ate 9 8 hi]>*y4 ,if an ord] has be5 issu$1 "o mu/ det]m9e :o ( all ! sup]vis+ *iefs ( ! (fices 9 ?is hi]>*y is ! orig9ator responsible1 "u crim9al law1 = ?is ord]4 ,if no special ord] 0 issu$ "o mu/ exam9e :e!r ! incrim9at+ behavior on ! "p ( ! def5dant p]sonally 0 prompt$ by circum/ances )9 ! scope ( responsibility1 "u crim9al law 7su* z ord]s & regulations :i* r5d]$ possible ! crim9al behavior ( a subord9ate or appropriate cons5t to commit ! crim9al (f5se1 be=e its initiation or its completion74 ,only if ! prosecution ma9ta9s & proves 7a7 t ! behavior ( a subord9ate con/itutes a puni%able (f5se1 & 7b7 t ?is action 9 p>ticul> 0 ! result ( an ord] issu$ by ! sup]ior1 or ( 8 cons5t giv5 prior to ! (f5se1 c ! def5dant be *>g$ z an abettor1 (f5d]1 accomplice1 or p>ticipator4 ,?is exhau/s all possible modes ( behavior prior to ! crim9al (f5se4 ,:atev] happ5$ aft]w>ds _c h any relevant be>+ on ?is legal evid5ce4 ,?is is impossible s9ce all causality is lack+4 ,) reg>d to ! "q ( a possible (f5se aga9/ ! duties ( a sup]visor1 ! foll[+ mu/ be said3 ,accord+ to ,art4 #adg ( ! ,g]man ,milit>y ,p5al ,code 8,:oev] neglects to c>ry out ! task incumb5t ^u him ( sup]vis+ 8 subord9ates ei!r int5tionally or ?r\gh neglig5ce0 is liable to puni%m5t4 ,accord+ to ,g]man !ory & judicial practice1 ! application ( ?is law presupposes ! exi/5ce ( a direct relation%ip betwe5 sup]ior & subord9ate4 ,if any?+ inadmissible or puni%able happ5s 9 ! sph]e ( duty ?is might be attribut$ to ! fact t ! sup]vis+ (ficial neglect$ 8 duty1 b x is also possible t x occurr$ ?r\gh no fault ( ! sup]vis+ (ficial4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! sup]vis+ (ficial is liable to puni%m5t accord+ to ,art4 #adg ( ! ,milit>y ,p5al ,code2 ?is1 h[ev]1 does n apply 9 ! latt] case4 ,! "q only arises ( :e!r 9 ! =m] case ! sup]vis+ (ficial has to answ] be=e crim9al law = ! action ( 8 subord9ate4 ,?is mu/ be answ]$ 9 ! negative4 ,an (f5se aga9/ ! duties ( s]vice sup]vision con/itutes 9 itself an (f5se4 ,x does n automatically dem& t ! sup]vis+ (ficial %\ld be puni%$ = ! crim9al (f5se committ$ by ! subord9ate1 = accord+ to ! crim9al laws ( all civiliz$ c\ntries1 a p]son c only be made responsible be=e crim9al law = an (f5se committ$ by himself1 i4 e41 if ! sup]vis+ (ficial c be consid]$ an accomplice or p>ticipant 9 ! crime ( a subord9ate4 ,only ?us c ! passage ( c\nt "o1 #c ( ! indictm5t be und]/ood4 ,?is provides = a responsibility be=e crim9al law = o!rs1 8= ^: actions ! def5dants are responsible40 ,! pr]equisites = ?is case h be5 set =? above4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! position ( ,pr(essor ,h&los] z ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vice 99 99 99 99 99 ,! prosecution ass]ts t ,h&los] z ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vice _h ! supreme sup]vision & comm& ( ! m$ical s]vices ( ! ?ree bran*es ( ! arm$ =ces z well z ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,?is is a fundam5tal error :i* is bas$ on ! incompreh5sible /atem5t ( ! *ief prosecutor 9 8 op5+ /atem5t3 8,"u ! ,,okw came ! ,high ,comm&s ( ! ?ree bran*es ( ! ,wehrma*t--! ,navy 7,,okm71 ! ,army 7,,okh71 & ! ,air ,=ce 7,,okl740 ,f ! v]dict ( ! ,,imt1 ,i quote ! foll[+ 9 reg>d to ! ,*ief ( ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces 7,,okw7 :o 0 ! sup]ior ( ! def5dant ,h&los]3 8,keitel z ,*ief ( ! ,supreme ,comm& ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces did n h comm& au?ority ov] ! ?ree ,wehrma*t bran*es 99 99 9940#adh ,f ?is ! prosecution %\ld h drawn ! logical conclusion t1 if ! sup]ior ( ,h&los]1 ,keitel1 _h no p[]s ( comm& ov] ! ?ree bran*es ( ! arm$ =ces & _! supreme comm&]s1 !n ,pr(essor ,h&los]1 z 8 subord9ate1 also c\ld h _h no p[]s ( comm& ov] ! m$ical *iefs atta*$ to ! /aff ( ! supreme comm&]s4 ,! evid5ce has corroborat$ ?is4 7,tr4 pp4 #bhfj-c1 #cabi-cj1 #cbai1 #ceeg47 ,! prosecution ref]s = pro( ( ! contr>y only to ! /atem5t ( ! =m] ,air ,=ce ,*ief ,hippke 9 ano!r trial4 ,accord+ to t ,hippke is suppos$ to h te/ifi$ t ,pr(essor ,h&los] _h be5 8 pr(essional sup]ior4 ,! incorrectness ( ?is /atem5t is prov$ by ! oppos+ te/imonies giv5 "u oa? by ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,s*ro$] :o succe$$ ,hippke & ( ,g5]al>zt ,dr4 ,h>tleb5 7,tr4 pp4 #cbai-bj1 #cbbe71 z well z ( ,g5]al>zt ,dr4 ,wu]fl] 7,tr4 pp4 #cabi-cj74 ,! evid5ce submitt$1 comb9$ ) ! cont5ts ( ! decree ( #aidb1 has %[n t x 0 ! duty ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vice to direct ! adju/m5t ( p]sonnel & mat]ial affairs )9 ! bran* ( ! arm$ =ces z is evid5c$ by ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! decree4 ,)9 ! scope ( ?is sph]e ( duties1 ,pr(essor ,h&los] 0 *>g$ ) ! comb9ation or--z x 0 g5]ally call$--! coord9ation ( all common problems 9 ! field ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vice4 ,! task ( coord9ation giv5 ,pr(essor ,h&los] did n mean t !reby all common problems automatically came "u 8 jurisdiction4 ,x 0 r 8 duty to exam9e :i* "p ( ! imm5se m$ical s]vice 0 suitable = coord9ation4 ,g5]al>zt ,dr4 ,wu]fl] has aptly call$ ?is a 8program ( future fields ( endeavor04 ,9 ?is connection see also ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] 7,tr4 pp4 #ceeg1 #ceeh74 ,:5ev] ,h&los] ?\ght t a c]ta9 dep>tm5t 0 suitable = coord9ation1 he tri$ to rea* an agreem5t ) ! m$ical *iefs ( ! bran*es ( ! arm$ =ces2 = s9ce he _h no p[]s ( comm&1 ! coord9ation c\ld only take place 9 conjunction ) ! m$ical *iefs4 ,aft] coord9ation _h be5 accompli%$1 he 0 emp[]$ to issue 8directives0 9 ?is field :i* did n h ! "* ( an ord]4 ,h>tleb5 replies to ! "q ( my colleague ,dr4 ,/e9bau]3 8,directives give g5]al guid+ pr9ciples1 an ord] mu/ be c>ri$ out to ! lett]40 ,wu]fl] expresses ! same 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 8,a sup]ior has ! au?ority to give ord]s4 ,"o c only speak ( a "r to issue directives :]e !re exi/s no au?ority to give ord]s & no relation%ip ( sup]iority40 ,rese>* is a field :i* by its nature is unsuitable = coord9ation4 ,=1 :ile x is possible to alleviate p]sonnel & mat]ial defici5cies 9 ! p]sonnel & mat]ial fields ( ! m$ical s]vice by coord9ation1 or 9 o!r words to a*ieve a practical useful effect1 su* is n ! case ) respect to rese>*4 ,! prosecution also que/ion$ ,pr(essor ,ro/ock reg>d+ ! problem ( coord9ation 9 ! field ( rese>* & argu$ t ?r\gh su* a coord9ation1 t is to say1 su* a conc5tration ( rese>* activities :i* 7 c>ri$ on 9 v>i\s places1 p]sonnel & mat]ial c\ld be allocat$ m effectively4 ,pr(essor ,ro/ock has made "s rem>ks on ?is acc\nt :i* are ( fundam5tal importance because !y disprove ! !sis ( ! prosecution ) objectively conv9c+ reasons4 ,accord+ to him1 _m conditions 9 ! milit>y & m$ical fields are suitable = coord9ation1 :ile rese>* _c be coord9at$4 ,x is bett] = ! aim 9 view :5 sev]al sci5ti/s "w on ! same rese>* subject1 ?an if only "o (fice 7 engag$ 9 ?is activity4 ,pr(essor ,ro/ock says q rightly3 8,if someone 7 to say to me1 give ?is matt] all y\r att5tion1 & ! same ?+ is be+ work$ on at ?is place & t1 !n1 9 all probability1 ,i %\ld h look$ = reasons :y x 0 necess>y = bo? places to be do+ ! same ?+40 ,& aga93 8,i w\ld reg>d x z an absolute mi/ake to say to "o sci5ti/3 ,y are n all[$ to "w on t any long]1 ! o!r "o is work+ on t 99 99 9940 7,tr4 p4 #cceb47 ,witness ,h>tleb51 too1 took ! same po9t ( view dur+ cross-exam9ation4 7,tr4 p4 #cbag47 ,to ! "q ( ! prosecutor3 8,w\ld x n h be5 ! task ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vice to coord9ate ! sep>ate rese>* activities 9 ! same field 9 ord] to make ! mo/ advantage\s use ( available p]sonnel & mat]ial08 he repli$3 8,9 my op9ion ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vices mu/ 9 su* a case make an inve/igation2 because x is aft] all ! case 9 sci5ce & rese>* t v (t5 x becomes necess>y to pursue _m diff]5t ways 9 ord] to arrive at "s aspir$ goal1 & ! case may occur--& ,i c imag9e x v well--:]e x is desirable to h sev]al sci5ti/s engag$ on ! same problem 99 99 9940 ,!re) ,ro/ock confirms ! def5se argum5t ( ,h&los] on ?is c\nt4 ,summ+ up3 ,! end aspir$ to by coord9ation--sav+ ( p]sonnel & mat]ial--is incompatible ) ! v nature ( successful rese>*4 ,! ord] = ! coord9at+ ( p]sonnel & mat]ial c1 !re=e1 nev] be appli$ to ! field ( rese>*4 ,q ano!r ?+ is ! creation ( work+ gr\ps )9 ! same field ( rese>*4 ,! purpose ( ! creation ( su* a work+ gr\p 0 n to be a sav+ ( p]sonnel & mat]ial b mutual in=mation & discussion 9 ord] to *eck h[ f> ! individual rese>*]s _h advanc$ by diff]5t r\tes4 ,su* a measure proposes to c\nt]act ! exagg]at$ secrecy & egoti/ical )hold+ ( in=mation (t5 notic$ 9 ! field ( rese>*4 ,inv5tors & s*ol>s reg>d _! discov]ies z revolution>y4 ,z prototypes ( individualism !y are int5t on keep+ ! details ( _! rese>* secret ev51 or precisely1 f o!r s*ol>s :o "w 9 ! same field4 ,?is fact is aptly *>act]iz$ 9 ! docum5t submitt$ by ! prosecution4 7,,no-#bfb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajh47 ,i quote f ?is lett] ( ! =m] ,*ief ( ! ,air ,=ce ,m$ical ,s]vice1 ,dr4 ,hippke3 8,! difficulties exi/ 9 q ano!r field4 ,!y are que/ions involv+ ! vanity ( ! individual sci5ti/s1 ea* & e "o ( :om wants to obta9 all ! results ( ! rese>* individually1 & :o (t5 c only be br\ght to altrui/ic coop]ative "w ) ! greate/ difficulties40 ,! ,c\rt w see f ?is t ! creation ( work+ gr\ps 9 ! field ( hepatitis rese>* 9 accordance ) ! sugge/ion ( ,dr4 ,s*reib] at ! ,breslau ,hepatitis ,conf]5ce 9 ,june #aidd _h no?+ to d ) coord9ation1 b t x left ! numb] & ! activity ( ! diff]5t s*ol>s engag$ 9 hepatitis rese>* unt\*$4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vice also _h 9 8 v limit$ (fice /aff no dep>tm5t = rese>*4 7,tr4 pp4 #cbah1 #cbbd47 ,only 9 ! s]vice regulations :i* became effective on #a ,septemb] #aidd 7,,no-#bbg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aa71 :i* h[ev] practically nev] w5t into effect4 7,tr4 p4 #cadj2 ,h&los] #bi1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #d47 ,"u #ad;a "o ( ! tasks ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vices 0 m5tion$ z be+ ! tak+ ( uni=m measures 9 ! field ( m$ical sci5ce1 includ+ ! field ( rese>* & ! fight aga9/ disease4 ,h[ev]1 "h1 too1 x 0 n a matt] ( ! subord9ation ( ! rese>* in/itutions ( ! bran*es ( ! arm$ =ces b ( exam9+ a 8problem0 :e!r coop]ative "w 9 c]ta9 fields ( rese>* 0 feasible4 ,actually1 due to developm5ts s9ce ,septemb] #aidd1 coord9ation 9 ! field ( rese>* nev] took place4 ,! rese>* activities ( ! diff]5t bran*es ( ! arm$ =ces z well z ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 7 & rema9$ indep5d5t4 ,:at is important 9 ?is trial 9 reg>d to ,h&los]'s responsibility is ! "q :e!r he z ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vices _h any functions 9 ! field ( rese>* & if s :at !y 74 ,he himself has /at$ & ,g5]al>zt ,dr4 ,h>tleb51 :o _h an au?oritative "p 9 ! draft+ ( ! decree ( #aidb 7,,no-#jhj1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #e7 & ( its supplem5t>y s]vice regulations1 has decl>$ t ! rese>* activities ( ! bran*es ( ! arm$ =ces & ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss did n belong to ! (ficial dep>tm5t ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vices4 ,= ! dep>tm5t ( rese>* ( ! ,air ,=ce ,m$ical ,inspection ,s]vice ! a=em5tion$ ,air ,=ce ,m$ical ,inspector ,hippke has furni%$ conv9c+ pro(4 ,! prosecution submitt$ a lett] f ,hippke ( #f ,m>* #aidc to ,,ss ,ob]grupp5fuehr] ,wolff 7,,no-#bfb1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #ajh7 f :i* ,i quote-- 8,y\r op9ion t ,i z responsible head ( all rese>* activities 9 m$ical sci5ce _h object$ to freez+ exp]im5ts on human be+s & _h !reby ob/ruct$ ! developm5t is errone\s40 ,fur!rmore ,i call att5tion to ,docum5t ,,no-#bhi1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #gb & ,docum5t #afab-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #gi1 :i* confirm ! indep5d5ce ( ! air =ce rese>* "w1 also to ! affidavits ( ,pr(essor ,s*ro$] & ,dr4 ,beck]-,freys5g4 7,h&los] #bb1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #cc2 ,h&los] #bc1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #cd47 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is undisput$ t "o connection exi/$ betwe5 ! two m$ical s]vices1 viz1 ! "o ) t "p ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss :i* 0 connect$ ) ! ,waff5 ,,ss divisions dur+ mobilization at ! front4 ,x 0 "u ^? m$ical (fices ( ! army :i* correspond$ to ! respective sup]ior milit>y (fices4 ,! divisions ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss came "u ! corps comm&] ( ! army2 correspond+ly1 ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss divisions came "u ! corps doctor2 ! m$ical s]vice l$ via ! army m$ical (fic] ,armee>zt1 ! army gr\p m$ical (fic]1 & ! army m$ical *ief ,he]es>zt to ! army m$ical inspector & above him1 to ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vice4 ,none ( ^! (fices1 nei!r milit>y nor m$ical1 c\ld int]f]e ) ! ess5tial 8"*10 ! appo9tm5t ( p]sonnel equipm5t make up1 organization1 etc41 ( ! division4 ,! ord] p]ta9$ only to mobilization at ! front 7tactical subord9ation74 ,beyond t1 all au?ority rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( ! sup]ior (fice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 ! ,op]ational ,ma9 ,(fice ,fuehrung%auptamt1 ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss 7,himml]-,grawitz74 ,! mobilization ( ! m$ical units1 ( ! field hospital ambulances & hospital tra9s1 i4 e41 ( ! v>i\s units ( ! division m$ical (fic] ,,ss1 7 h&l$ by him 9 accordance ) in/ructions f ! division4 ,high] ord]s 9 reg>d to ! c>e ( ,,ss w\nd$ & sick 7 giv5 to ! ,,ss division m$ical (fic] via ! army corps m$ical (fic] by ! army m$ical *ief4 ,9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( m$ical matt]s1 ev5 ! army m$ical (fic] 0 n includ$ ) ! exception ( casualty report s]vice4 ,! ,army ,m$ical ,inspector & ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vice _h practically no occasion to int]f]e4 ,t only happ5$ :5 "s special ev5t 0 report$ to ! high] (fices4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vice _h ! p[] only = ! l5g? ( "t ( subord9ation to ! arm$ =ces to delegate au?ority1 by reque/ ( ! army m$ical *ief ?r\gh ! ,army ,m$ical ,inspector1 to ! army or corps m$ical (fic] to make p]sonnel or mat]ial adju/m5ts )9 8 dep>tm5t4 ,) ! exception ( ! fight+ divisions1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vices _h no au?ority ov] any o!r unit or e/abli%m5t ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 any m ?an ov] ,dr4 ,g5zk5 z ,*ief ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss ,m$ical ,s]vice beyond ! limit ( ! front divisions4 ,9 summ+ up1 !n1 x is to be not$ t ! relation%ip betwe5 ! arm$ =ces m$ical (fices & ^? ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 0 limit$ 9 "t & practice to ! m$ically necess>y tactical subord9ation & to ! m$ical s]vice dur+ combat op]ations4 ,?is goes to prove t ,pr(essor ,h&los] did n h any influ5ce on ! m$ical organization ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 t is to say1 on ! entire range ( affairs & prov9ces ( ! m$ical s]vice & ! heal? s]vice4 ,?is applies especially to m$ical rese>* & ! in/itutions creat$ = t purpose4 ,?is has be5 prov$ 7a7 by ! affidavit ( ,pr(essor ,h&los] on ! diagram ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces2 7b7 by ! affidavit ( ,pr(essor ,mrug[sky 7,h&los] #ag1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #e72 7c7 by ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,g5zk5 7,h&los] #af1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #f72 7d7 by ! (ficial footnote 9 ! s]vice in/ructions ( #aidd 7,,no-#bbg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aa72 7e7 by ! affidavit ( ,pr(essor ,gebh>dt 7,tr4 p4 #daia72 7f7 by ! exp]t te/imony ( ,h>tleb51 & 7g7 by ! te/imony ( ,wu]fl] 7,tr4 pp4 #cacb1 #cadj1 #cadb74 ,! cont5tion ( ! prosecution t ,pr(essor ,h&los] z ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vice _h ! sup]vision ( ! m$ical s]vice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss is !reby refut$4 ,?is also invalidates ! basic !sis ( ! prosecution on :i* is f\nd$ ! indictm5t ( ,pr(essor ,h&los]1 s9ce x has be5 prov$ t ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vices _h1 9 ! field ( m$ical rese>*1 nei!r comm&+ au?ority nor sup]visory p[]s outside ( ! scope ( milit>y m$ical inspection4 ,:at has be5 /at$ "h = ! "t ( ! decree ( #aidb--a ,augu/ #aidb until #ca ,augu/ #aidd--;applies equally to ! "t beg9n+ #a ,septemb] #aidd4 ,! decree ( #g ,augu/ #aidd 7,,no-#bbg1 ,pros4 ,ex4 #aa7 repres5t$ an ext5sion ( ! orig9al developm5t t[>d coord9ation1 )\t accompli%+ ! subord9ation ( ! m$ical *iefs ( ! bran*es ( ! arm$ =ces z reque/$ by ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vices4 ,:at actually 0 accompli%$ 0 a *ange 9 ! advisory au?ority he _h held up to !n1 into comm&+ au?ority 9 ! sph]e ( ! te*nical duties to ! ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vices4 ,pr(essor ,h&los] has te/ifi$ "u oa? 7,h&los] #bi1 ,h&los] ,ex4 #d7 & witness ,h>tleb5 confirm$ ! same 9 8 /atem5ts t1 z has already be5 po9t$ out above1 no?+ 0 *ang$ z f> z ! field ( rese>* ( ! bran*es ( ! arm$ =ces & ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 0 conc]n$4 ,! aim ( c5traliz+ ! widely sep>at$ in/itutions 0 wreck$1 except 9 ^? cases :i* 7 solely condition$ by ! w> aft] #a ,septemb] #aidd1 p>ticul>ly also ow+ to ! fact :i* 0 br\ght out 9 ! te/imony t 9 ! meantime o!r (fices _h tak5 ov] ! managem5t ( ! rese>* "w 9 ! v>i\s fields 7#a7 ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 7#b7 ,(fice = ,sci5ce & ,rese>*1 & 7#c7 ,society = ,milit>y ,rese>*4 ,9 conclusion & by way ( precaution1 ,i also wi% to m5tion ! foll[+ = ! consid]ation ( ! ,tribunal 9 connection ) ! problem ( ! comm&+ au?ority ( ,h&los] z ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vices3 ,suppos+ = a mom5t t ,pr(essor ,h&los] _h _h ! p[] ( comm&1 !re is no?+ t speaks m conv9c+ly = 8 exon]ation ?an ! fact t ! prosecution has n produc$ "o s+le docum5t 7no ord]1 no regulation1 no lett]7 f :i* c\ld be d$uc$ t he _h made use ( 8 comm&+ au?ority 9 ! s5se ( ord]+ ! p]=mance ( an illegal exp]im5t4 ,9 view ( ! l5g? ( "t = :i* he _h held ! position z ,*ief ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ,m$ical ,s]vices f ,augu/ #aidb until ,may #aidd1 ?is fact is ( decisive importance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,g5zk5 99 99 99 99 99 ,position & activities ,! witness ,juettn] /ates ! foll[+ ab\t 8 position & 8 activities 7,g5zk5 #ae1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #af73 8,dr4 ,g5zk5's position z ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,(fice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 0 ! position ( a sup]ior (fic] ( ! m$ical units ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,he 0 exclusively responsible = _! tra9+1 ! =mation ( new units & _! equipm5t4 ,he _h to f9d sub/itutes = casualties 9 ! fight+ units40 ,! ,waff5 ,,ss itself 0 newly creat$ 9 ! summ] ( #aidj4 ,at t "t x 0 compos$ ( approximately #ehj1jjj m54 7,tr4 p4 #cgib ff47 ,9 addition to t !re 7 ab\t #cbj1jjj casualties1 s t !re 0 a total /r5g? ( approximately #ijj1jjj m54 ,! (ficial m$ical c>e ( ! :ole ,waff5 ,,ss 0 9 ! h&s ( ! def5dant ,dr4 ,g5zk54 ,at ! beg9n+1 ! m$ical p]sonnel ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 0 ab\t #hjj m5 & at ! end approximately #cj1jjj m54 ,at ! beg9n+1 two hospitals 7 available to ! ,waff5 ,,ss & at ! end ( ! w>1 sixty4 ,six hygi5e in/itutes grew out ( a s+le "o 9 ,b]l91 etc4 ,ap>t f t1 ! :ole ext5sive m$ical organization dur+ ! w> _h to be built up by ,dr4 ,g5zk5 f no?+ & "u ! p>ticul>ly difficult circum/ances caus$ by w> :i* are suffici5tly well kn[n to ! high ,tribunal4 ,! m$ical inspectorates ( ! ?ree ,wehrma*t bran*es c\ld ref] back to long ye>s ( exp]i5ce1 9 ! case ( army & navy ev5 t5s ( ye>s4 ,?is 0 n ! case 9 ! "y arm ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss4 ,= ?is reason alone x is obvi\s t ! sci5tific rese>* & plann+ 0 n includ$ 9 ,dr4 ,g5zk5's sph]e ( "w1 z he repeat$ly emphasiz$ dur+ 8 pres5tation ( evid5ce & z he und]l9$ by ! pres5tation ( affidavits4 7,g5zk5 #c1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #ab2 ,g5zk5 #e1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #ac2 ,g5zk5 #f1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #aj2 ,g5zk5 #h1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #aa2 ,g5zk5 #i1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #i2 ,g5zk5 #ae1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #af47 ,b ,dr4 ,g5zk5 did n ev5 h ! "t to conc]n himself s]i\sly ) sci5tific matt]s4 ,t 0 only natural4 ,8 mo/ press+ worries 7 to organize newly ! m$ical s]vices ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss z reg>ds p]sonnel & mat]ial & to look aft] x cont9u\sly4 ,8 position br\ght ) x a consid]able responsibility 9 ! :ole prov9ce ( m$ical s]vices ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss by e/abli%+ new m$ical units1 equipp+ ( new hospitals s t he _h no "t left = any o!r "w4 ,x has become absolutely cle> dur+ ?is trial t sci5tific rese>* & plann+ 0 ! task ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss4 ,may ,i po9t out 9 ?is connection t all ! exp]im5ts :i* 7 discuss$ 9 ?is trial c be trac$ back almo/ )\t exception to ,himml]'s & ,grawitz' own initiative4 ,:e!r !y 7 high altitude & cool+ exp]im5ts or typhus & sulfanilamide exp]im5ts1 all ( !m 7 />t$ by "o ( ,himml]'s or ,grawitz' ord]s4 ,?is fact is /ill m und]l9$ by ,docum5t #jjb-,,ps1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #ci4 ,x is1 z x says !re lit]ally1 conc]n$ ) ! tak+ ov] ( rese>* "w by ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss1 ,grawitz4 ,! latt] _h ask$ at ! end ( #aidb t #ec (fic]s be allott$ to him = sci5tific rese>* "w4 ,9 ! :ole docum5t1 :i* consi/s ( sev]al reports ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ,f9ance & ! ,rei* ,physician1 ! sci5tific rese>* "w 9 ! :ole ( ! m$ical sph]e is m5tion$ aga9 & aga9 z direct$ & ord]$ by ! ,rei* ,physician4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! application 0 reject$1 lat] on ! lack ( typhus vacc9e gave1 = example1 ,dr4 ,grawitz ! opportunity to e/abli%1 ) ,himml]'s au?orization1 an exp]im5tal /ation = typhus rese>* 9 ! ,bu*5wald conc5tration camp z 8 fir/ own sci5tific in/itute4 ,grawitz has also frequ5tly emphasiz$ to ! def5dant ,mrug[sky t he alone 0 compet5t = ! rese>* & plann+ tasks 9 ! m$ical bran* )9 ! ,,ss1 & t ,dr4 ,g5zk5 _h no?+ to d ) x4 7,g5zk5 #a1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #c47 ,t ,dr4 ,g5zk5 0 nev] int]e/$ 9 ! activity & ! sph]e ( "w ( ! ,rei* ,physician1 nor ev5 tri$ to be giv5 ^! tasks1 foll[s f ! fact t 9 #aida ,himml] *ose ,dr4 ,g5zk5 to became ,grawitz' successor4 ,:5 ,g5zk5's sup]ior (fic]1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,,ss ,op]ational ,ma9 ,(fice ,fuehrung%auptamt ,juettn]1 in=m$ him ab\t ?is reque/1 he at once reject$ x en]getically1 z he pref]r$ to rema9 9 ! m$ical s]vice ( ! troops & z he ?\ght himself n suitable = sci5tific rese>*4 7,g5zk5 #ae1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #af47 ,dr4 ,g5zk5 dur+ 8 int]rogation gave ! ,c\rt a detail$ description ( ! entire /aff available to him = ! completion ( 8 duties4 ,he expressly po9t$ out t 9 ! entire organization ( 8 m$ical (fice1 no (fice = sci5tific rese>* & plann+ 0 s*$ul$1 & t !re=e1 9 fact no su* (fice actually exi/$4 7,tr4 p4 #cgif47 ,?is fact is also emphasiz$ by ! fact t 9 ! ,m$ical ,(fice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss no gr\p ( 8consult+ physicians0 exi/$ z speciali/s = ! v>i\s specializ$ bran*es ( m$ical sci5ce4 7,g5zk5 #ah1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #ag47 ,fur!r1 at ! end ( ,augu/ #aidc1 important *anges 9 ! =m ( ! organization 7 effect$ by ord] ( ,himml]1 s t by way ( a cl9ical & organizational conc5tration ( ! entire m$ical s]vices ( ! ,,ss1 ,dr4 ,g5zk5 _h to turn ov] 8 entire ph>maceutical equipm5t & hygi5e in/itutes1 z well z f\r (fice *iefs to ! (fice ( ! ,rei* ,physician ,,ss & ,police4 ,!reby ^! in/itutes 7 "u ! sole sup]vision & responsibility ( ! ,rei* ,physician f ?is "t onw>ds4 ,x mu/ be emphasiz$ t ,dr4 ,g5zk5 himself nev] 0 9 ! =egr\nd z a sci5ti/4 ,dur+ ! ,fir/ ,_w ,w> he 0 9 ! navy & conc]n$ ) ! organization ( ! m$ical s]vices = subm>9es1 !n he 0 = #ae ye>s a g5]al practition] 9 a small t[n1 0 !n occupi$ ) organizational duties 9 ! ,rei*swehr ,m9i/ry1 & !n ) simil> duties 9 ! ,waff5 ,,ss2 he nev] held a *air or a pr(essor%ip & did n h ! honor>y title ( 8,pr(essor04 ,z 9 ! c\rse ( ! trial ! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 0 (t5 connect$ ) ! exp]im5ts1 may ,i be all[$ to po9t out ! foll[+3 ,! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 0 ! only "o 9 ! home c\ntry4 ,x 0 n only available = ! hygi5ic problems ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 b also = all o!r organizations ( ! ,,ss & !re) also = ! ,rei* ,physician = 8 sci5tific rese>*es4 ,dur+ ! dispute betwe5 ,grawitz & ,dr4 ,g5zk5 be=e ! ,*ief ( ! ,,ss ,op]ational ,ma9 ,(fice1 ! fields ( au?ority betwe5 ! two 7 aga9 cle>ly def9$ & x 0 expressly po9t$ out t ! in/itutes & ! rese>* equipm5t 7 to rema9 available to ! ,rei* ,physician = 8 rese>* "w 7,tr4 p4 #cghi2 ,g5zk5 #c1 ,g5zk5 ,ex4 #ab474 ,! ,hygi5e ,in/itute ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss 01 = budget>y reasons1 subord9ate organizationally to ! ,m$ical ,(fice ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss & !re) to ! def5dant ,dr4 ,g5zk54 ,despite ?is1 h[ev]1 ,g5zk5 did n h complete & sole au?ority ov] ! ,in/itute4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,blome 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at connection h all ^! facts 7conc]n+ det]ioration ( ! /&>d ( ! ,g]man m$ical pr(ession7 ) ! def5dant ,dr4 ,blome8 ,he 0 nev] ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,m$ical ,s]vice nor 0 he 9 *>ge ( high] education4 ,he 0 m]ely ! deputy ( ! ,rei* ,*ief ,physician1 & z su* 8 only legitimate task 0 to direct ! m$ical pr(essional associations4 ,!n aga9 he only s]v$ 9 ?is capacity z ! deputy ( ,dr4 ,conti 7:o has be5 frequ5tly m5tion$ "h71 & he _h to "w )9 ! limits impos$ by ,dr4 ,conti4 ,if ! prosecution int5ds to be fair1 x may hold ,dr4 ,conti responsible = ! abuses & mismanagem5t :i* occurr$4 ,x 0 he :o1 z ,"u ,secret>y 9 ! ,rei* ,m9i/ry ( ! ,int]ior1 0 9 *>ge ( ! :ole f$]al public heal? sy/em4 ,he1 !re=e1 0 ! actual ,rei* ,*ief ,physician1 n ,dr4 ,blome :o w\ld nev] h be5 indict$ at all if ,dr4 ,conti _h n committ$ suicide & a deputy _h n be5 ne$$1 ev5 aft] 8 dea?1 to repres5t him 9 ! dock4 ,f ! v beg9n+ ,dr4 ,blome _h no?+ to d ) m$ical /udies4 ,he 0 only conc]n$ ) ! doctors aft] !y _h complet$ _! /udies & tra9+ & 7 subject$ to ! discipl9>y au?ority ( ! ,rei* ,*amb] ( ,physicians z lic5s$ physicians4 ,if ! m$ical tra9+ 0 no good1 if m$ical (fic]s 7 releas$ ) insuffici5t sci5tific k or ) bad or wrong pr(essional e?ics1 !n ! pr(essor may be consid]$ responsible = ?is if _! tea*+ did n rea* ! requir$ goal4 ,on ! o!r h& p]haps ! heads ( ! cl9ics 7 responsible4 ,p]haps !y did n imbue _! practition]s & assi/ants ) ! prop] pr(essional e?ics4 ,:atev] ! case may h be51 "o %\ld n m]ely look ar\nd = a scapegoat to %\ld] ! moral responsibility4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] all ,blome 0 n consult$ 9 #aice :5 ! ,nuremb]g laws aga9/ ,jewi% citiz5s 7 enact$1 nor 9 #aich & ! ye>s foll[+ :5 ,jewi% doctors 7 gradually prev5t$ f practic+4 ,blome is 9 no way responsible = ?is4 ,^! laws 7 promulgat$ by ! ,rei*1 t is1 by ! supreme national au?ority4 ,!y 7 ord]$ by ,rei* law & !y n only affect$ ! m$ical pr(ession b also appli$ to all indep5d5t pr(essions & to ! entire economic life4 ,!y de/roy$ ! economic exi/5ce ( ! ,jewi% doctor z well z t ( ! ,jewi% attorney1 au?or1 & bus9essman4 ,! m$ical pr(essional organization 0 n ask$ at ! "t :e!r x agre$ to ^! measures--z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 only subsequ5tly in=m$ ( ! ,rei* laws enact$ & consequ5tly 0 confront$ ) accompli%$ facts4 ,if ^! laws & gov]nm5t ord]s 7 crimes aga9/ humanity1 v well1 !n ! /atesm5 & ! m9i/]s :o introduc$ su* laws c be held responsible = !m1 also ! ,rei*/ag deputies :o enact$ su* laws1 & ! gov]nm5t ag5cies :i* publi%$ ^! laws & reg>d$ !m z g5]ally b9d+4 ,b x w\ld be unfair today to try to impose ! moral guilt = ?is developm5t ^u a man :o 0 always a m]e subord9ate executive ag5t ) no indep5d5t au?ority to give ord]s2 a man :o always f\ght aga9/ ! manife/ations ( radicalism & tri$ :]ev] possible to h ! f$]al laws en=c$ )\t h>%ness4 ,?is1 = in/ance1 is prov$ by ! affidavit ( ,dr4 ,/rakos* 7,blome #bb1 ,blome ,ex4 #ba7 :o himself _h two ,jewi% gr&p>5ts & :o ow$ ! def5dant ,blome ! pres]vation ( 8 economic exi/5ce & :o c confirm f 8 own exp]i5ce t ,blome 0 nev] "o ( ! fanatical & ru?less types ( ! ,hitl] regime4 ,dr4 ,/rakos* confirm$ t ,blome always int5d$ to act z a mitigat+ influ5ce & t ,blome 0 purely an ideali/ & n an opportuni/ 9 8 political convictions4 ----- #aci ,clos+ /atem5t is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ad ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajgah-ajgif4 #adj #ff ,supreme ,c\rt #cdj 7#aidf74 #ada ,law ,reports ( ,trials ( ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,,iv1 pp4 #c-d1 ,london1 #aidh4 #adb ,law ,reports ( ,trials ( ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #b1 ,london1 #aidh4 #adc ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #cjf1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #add ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ad ,july2 #aidg1 pp4 #ajgig-ajhag4 #ade ,f9al ,plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #af ,july #aidf1 pp4 #ajidb-ajiga4 #adf ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ae ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajhej-ajhgc4 #adg ,def5dant be=e ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,see ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 ,vols4 ,i-,,xlii1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #adh ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bhh1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 ,c4 ,responsibility ( ,subord9ates = ,acts ,c>ri$ ,out ,"u ,sup]ior ,ord]s a4 ,introduction ,article ,,ii #d 7b7 ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj /ates t--8,! fact t any p]son act$ pursuant to ! ord] ( 8 gov]nm5t or ( a sup]ior does n free him f responsibility = a crime1 b may be consid]$ 9 mitigation40 ,! def5dants argu$1 h[ev]1 t sup]ior ord]s fre$ !m f crim9al responsibility entirely4 ,!y also argu$ t sup]ior ord]s to engage 9 ! conduct alleg$ z crim9al con/itute a mitigat+ circum/ance4 ,extracts f ! clos+ /atem5t ( ! prosecution on ! same po9t appe>s on pages #ieg to #ieh4 ,a summation ( ! evid5ce on ?is po9t by ! def5se has be5 tak5 f ! f9al pleas on behalf ( ! def5dants ,brack & ,fis*]4 ,x appe>s bel[ on pages #iei to #igj4 ,?is argum5tation is foll[$ by two sections f ! te/imony ( def5dants on pages #igj to #igd1 extracts f ! exam9ation ( def5dant ,k>l ,br&t by ,judge ,sebr+1 & an extract f ! cross-exam9ation ( def5dant ,rose4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,prosecution#adi 99 99 99 99 99 ,! def5se ( ,h&los] is a g5]al d5ial4 ,he says 9 effect t3 ,i 0 a soldi]4 ,i 0 9 *>ge ( ! m$ical adm9i/ration ( ! ,wehrma*t1 b _h no p[] & no "r to issue ord]s1 & t :atev] may h happ5$1 ,i am n responsible = x4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ?is def5se is v simil> to t put =w>d by ,field ,m>%al ,keitel#aej 9 ?is c\rtroom approximately a ye> ago4 ,he 0 repres5t$ by ! same def5se c\nsel4 ,keitel also said t he c\ld n issue ord]s4 ,we h already discuss$ 9 "s detail ! position ( ,h&los]1 & x has be5 e/abli%$ beyond a %ad[ ( a d\bt t he 0 ! supreme au?ority 9 ! milit>y m$ical s]vices4 ,we ne$ n /op to consid] ! practical diff]5ce betwe5 an ord] & a directive4 ,we h po9t$ out t ! opportunity & p[] to control ! p>ticipation ( ! milit>y m$ical s]vices 9 ^! crimes 0 84 ,! evid5ce %[s t ,h&los] 0 connect$ ) a numb] ( crim9al m$ical exp]im5ts includ+ ! typhus & o!r vacc9e exp]im5ts bo? 9 ,bu*5wald & ,natzweil]1 & ! freez+1 sulfanilamide1 jaundice1 gas1 & ! gas o$ema exp]im5ts1 among o!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,rudolf ,br&t also pleads sup]ior ord]s 9 mitigation4 ,!re is no evid5ce t ,himml] ord]$ ,br&t to p>ticipate 9 any crime4 ,br&t did s willfully4 ,!re is no evid5ce t ,br&t reta9$ 8 position out ( fe>4 ,he fl\ri%$ 9 x4 ,no?+ w\ld h be5 easi] = him ?an to be replac$ by reque/ or feign$ ineffici5cy4 ,br&t 0 n a soldi] on ! field ( battle4 ,8 activities 7 f> remov$ f ! confusion ( ! front l9es4 ,he did n act 9 ! spontane\s heat ( passion2 he _h full "t to consid] & reflect ^u 8 c\rse ( action4 ,he cont9u$ 9 8 position f #aicc until 8 arre/ by ! ,allies 9 #aide1 no less ?an #ab ye>s4 ,?is fact alone removes any basis = mitigation4 ,moreov]1 assum+ t ,br&t 0 ord]$ to commit ! crim9al acts :i* are ! subject ( ?is trial1 :5 !re is no fe> ( reprisal = disob$i5ce1 ob$i5ce repres5ts a volunt>y p>ticipation 9 ! crime4 ,su* is ! case ) ,rudolf ,br&t4 ,f9ally ! doctr9e ( sup]ior ord]s _c be consid]$ 9 mitigation :]e su* malignant & num]\s crimes h be5 cont9u\sly & ru?lessly committ$ ov] a p]iod ( _m ye>s4 ,:at has be5 said ) respect to ,br&t applies equally to ! def5dant ,fis*] :o also pleads sup]ior ord]s4 ,he knew at ! "t he p]=m$ ^! exp]im5ts t he 0 committ+ a crime4 ,he knew ! pa91 disfigurem5t1 disability1 & risk ( dea? to :i* 8 exp]im5tal victims w\ld be subject$4 ,he c\ld h refus$ to p>ticipate 9 ! exp]im5ts )\t any fe> ( consequ5ces4 ,?is he admitt$ 9 say+1 8,x 0 n fe> ( a dea? s5t5ce or any?+ l t1 b ! *oice confront+ me 0 to be ob$i5t or disob$i5t dur+ w>1 & !reby set an example1 an example ( disob$i5ce40 7,tr4 p4 #dcgd47 ,su* an admission removes any basis = mitigation4 ,a soldi] is always fac$ ) ! alt]native ( obey+ or disobey+ an ord]4 ,if he kn[s ! ord] is crim9al1 x is surely a holl[ excuse to say x mu/ be obey$ = ! sake ( ob$i5ce alone4 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,brack#aea 99 99 99 99 99 ,! treatm5t ( ! "q ( responsibility = eu?anasia 9 ?is room enc\nt]s great difficulties ins(> z !re is n only consid]able ignorance ( c]ta9 peculi>ities ( ! ,g]man position 9 con/itutional matt]s1 b above all a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! ?9k+ ( cont95tal ,european & ( transatlantic juri/s on matt]s ( con/itutional /atutory law4 ,law & morals h = c5turies be5 %>ply diff]5tiat$ on ! ,european cont95t 9 juri/ic & above all 9 legislative ?9k+ 9 contra/ to ! /ates across ! ocean4 ,?is hi/orical fact mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation1 = only !n c ! realization be rea*$ t 9 a "q ( ,g]man con/itutional law only t developm5t c be decisive :i* legal tra9+ has _h 9 ,g]many 9 deviations f ! con/itutional law ( ! ,weim> ,republic1 s9ce ! ,enabl+ ,act ( #bd ,m>* #aicc & ! ,head ( ! ,/ate ,law ( #a ,augu/ #aicd4 ,) ^! laws ,hitl] 0 giv5 all au?ority z head ( ! /ate & *ief ( ! gov]nm5t1 9 full recognition ( ! ,fuehr] pr9ciple :i* _h be5 9 op]ation = ov] a ye>1 ) approval by ! plebiscite ( #ai ,augu/ #aicd4 ,f ?is "t on ,hitl] incorporat$ ! w ( ! p1 & ! result+ functions4 ,he _h ?us become ! ,supreme ,legislator ( ! ,rei*4 ,a conclud+ resolution ( ! ,rei*/ag 0 only ! confirmation ( 8 prim>y decl>ation ( 8 w4 ,among ! indep5d5t promulgations ( laws1 :i* 7 repres5t$ z direct emanations ( 8 au?ority1 ! decl>ations ( ,hitl]'s w :i* 7 at fir/ call$ 8decrees0 & lat] uni=mly 8,fuehr] decrees0 assum$ ! mo/ important role4 ,9 !m ! di/9ction1 /ill cu/om>y "u ! ,weim> con/itution1 betwe5 legislative & executive is ov]come1 z ,hitl] proclaim$ 9 8 ,rei*/ag spee* ( #cj ,janu>y #aicg 9 ! words3 8,!re is only "o legislative p[] & "o executive40 ,!re=e ! decrees unit$ mat]ial law ) organizational measures & adm9i/rative directives1 especially ins(> z !y 7 address$ only to a gr\p ( p]sons ga!r$ toge!r 9 a c]ta9 community4 ,proclamation 9 ! ,rei* ,law ,gazette ,rei*sgesetzblatt1 c\nt]sign$ by ! compet5t dep>tm5tal m9i/]1 & lat] ! compet5t *ancell]y *ief1 no long] play$ a decisive role 9 #aicg4 ,! ,fuehr] pr9ciple 0 already 9 full op]ation at ?is "t4 ,x no long] tol]at$ ! dep5d5ce ( ! au?ority to promulgate orig9al laws :i* 0 grant$ to ! ,fuehr] by ! plebiscite ( #aicd on ! obs]vance ( =mal regulations4 ,! only decisive ?+ t rema9$ 0 ! fact ( ! proclamation ( ! w ( ! ,fuehr]1 n its =m4 ,hitl]'s ,decree ( #a ,septemb] #aici conc]n+ eu?anasia1 address$ to ,br&t & ,b\hl]1 0 !re=e 9 =m a legally q acceptable act ( gov]nm5t ( ! head ( ! /ate4 ,my conclusions f ! exam9ation ( ! developm5t 9 legal hi/ory ( ! ,fuehr] pr9ciple 9 ! ,?ird ,rei* agrees ) ! te/imony ( ! witnesses ,lamm]s1#aeb ,eng]t1 & ,be/4 ,?is te/imony is und]l9$ by ! /&po9t ( ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice ,gu]tn] & by ,s*legelb]g] z repres5tatives ( supreme ,rei* au?orities1 z transmitt$ to u by ,lamm]s & ,eng]t4 ,f9ally1 x is affirm$ by ,univ]sity ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,h]mann ,jahrreiss1 :o a few days ago dealt ) ! que/ions aris+ 9 ?is connection 9 great detail & exhau/ively 9 ! ,ju/ice ,case be=e ,milit>y ,tribunal ,,iii4#aec ,i may ask ! ,tribunal 9 judg+ ?is legal "q to consid] ^! /atem5ts4 ,brack 0 conv9c$ ( ! legality ( ?is decree on ! basis n only ( juridical b also o!r effective indications ( mu* m significant indep5d5t /eps tak5 by ,hitl] 9 dome/ic & =eign policy4 ,brack's conviction1 t ( a nonjuri/1 ( ! legality ( ! ,fuehr] ,decree1 bas$ on ! explanations & in=mation ( 8 juri/ic associates & ! concurr+ or at lea/ nondiss5t+ /atem5ts ( ! highe/ repres5tatives ( ! ,rei* ju/ice au?orities at ! meet+ ( ,g5]al ,public ,prosecutors on #bc ,april #aida1 c !re=e n be d\bt$4 7,brack #cf1 ,brack ,ex4 #cf47 ,ev5 if "o d5ies ! legal validity to ! ,hitl] ,decree1 ?\gh ,i reg>d x z valid1 ,brack committ$ a legal error at lea/ z f> z ! p>ticul> legal position ( ,hitl] )9 ! /ate is conc]n$1 "u :i* decree o!rwise illegal activities are to be excus$4 ,?is legal error is suffici5t to aboli% 8 guilt or at lea/ ! grave guilt ( delib]ate int5t4 ,accord+ to ! ,g]man law valid at ! "t1 at any rate1 ?is is ! case4 ,accord+ to t1 a s-call$ error outside ( crim9al law--:i* is inde$ ! error ab\t ! legal validity ( ! decree ( #a ,septemb] #aici--;excludes ! unlawful "* :i* is an ess5tial ( ! t]m 8delib]ate int5t04 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,fis*]#aed 99 99 99 99 99 ,acts committ$ "u ord]s & 9 relation to a specific milit>y position ,! def5dant ,fis*] p>ticipat$ 9 ! exp]im5ts = te/+ ! effect ( sulfanilamide ^u ord]s ( 8 m$ical & milit>y sup]ior ,k>l ,gebh>dt4 ,x is recogniz$ 9 ! p5al code ( all civiliz$ nations t action ^u ord]s repres5ts a reason ( exemption f guilt1 ev5 if ! ord] itself is contr>y to law1 b b9d+ = ! subord9ate4 ,9 exam9+ ?is legal "q1 "o proce$s f ! pr9ciple t ! c\rt disreg>ds ! reasons ( ju/ification & exemption f guilt put =w>d by me 9 ! case ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt & consid]s t bo? ! ord] giv5 to ! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt himself1 z also ! pass+ on ( ?is ord] to ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*]1 are contr>y to law4 ,! adh]5ce to a b9d+ ord]1 ev5 ?\gh x be contr>y to law1 on ! "p ( ! subord9ate creates = him a reason ( exemption f guilt &1 !re=e1 r5d]s him also exempt f puni%m5t4 ,?is "q is disput$ only ins(> z "s consid] ! action ( ! subord9ate n only excus$ b ev5 8ju/ifi$40 ,fur!r exam9ation ( ?is "q at issue seems1 h[ev]1 n necess>y 9 ^! proce$+s1 s9ce ! result is ! same 9 bo? cases1 namely1 ! p]petrator's exemption f puni%m5t4 ,! decisive "q 9 ! case on h& !re=e is :e!r & to :at ext5t ! 8ord]0 = ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts 0 b9d+ = ! p]sons c>ry+ x out4 ,9 view ( ! fact t1 9 pr9ciple1 ! law 9 =ce at ! "t is applicable1 z ! def5dants liv$ "u ?is law & x 0 b9d+ = !m1 ! "q is1 !re=e1 to be exam9$ )9 ! framework ( ,article #dg ( ! ,g]man ,milit>y ,p5al ,code4 ,accord+ to ?is provision1 a subord9ate :o obeys is liable to be 8puni%$ z an accessory if x is kn[n to him t ! ord] giv5 by ! sup]ior conc]n$ an act :i* has = its purpose to commit a g5]al or milit>y crime or (f5se40 ,h[ev]1 x is n correct1 z is sometimes accept$1 t ,article #dg ( ! ,g]man ,milit>y ,code itself settles ! "q 9 h[ f> milit>y ord]s are ei!r b9d+ or n b9d+4 ,?is is a "q ( public & adm9i/rative law4 ,b x mu/ always conc]n an 8ord] reg>d+ s]vice matt]s10 ! same z 9 o!r milit>y conditions1 t is to say1 some?+ :i* 8p]ta9s to milit>y s]vice40 ,^! assumptions are imm$iately pres5t bo? 9 ! case ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt & 9 t ( ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*]4 ,bo? 7 m$ical (fic]s ( ! ,waff5 ,,ss1 !re=e a unit ( ! ,g]man ,wehrma*t 9 :i* especially ! pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce 0 /rongly pron\nc$4 ,k>l ,gebh>dt 0 ,fritz ,fis*]'s imm$iate sup]ior2 9 matt]s ( duty1 8 ord] to assi/ ) ! m$ical exp]im5ts to be und]tak5 0 a b9d+ ord] = ! "y m$ical (fic] ,fis*]4 ,9 ! inve/igation ( ! legal que/ions result+ f ^! circum/ances1 we w sep>ate ! case ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt1 :]e ! 8ord]0 0 issu$ f a v high au?ority1 namely1 f ! ,head ( ! ,/ate & ! ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,wehrma*t1 f ! case ( ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*]1 9 :i* !re is a "q ( an especially close relation%ip to 8 imm$iate milit>y sup]ior4 ,lat]1 ,i w return especially to ! g5]al que/ions ( public law conc]n+ ! comm& ( ! ,fuehr]4 ,! evid5ce has %[n t ! ord] = te/+ ! effectiv5ess ( sulfanilamide emanat$ f ! highe/ au?ority1 namely1 f ! ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,wehrma*t p]sonally4 ,! reasons ( ju/ification ( ! probable acceptance ( ! w>time /ate ( em]g5cy & ! balanc+ ( int]e/s1 z discuss$ fully already 9 ! inve/igation ( ! case ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt1 ga9 importance indep5d5tly fir/ 9 ! p]son ( ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*]4 ,b !y h influ5ce1 ( c\rse1 on ! legality or illegality ( ! ord]4 ,! inve/igation ( ?is "q has %[n t ! giv5 ord] z su* 0 legal4 ,ev5 if "o w\ld n want to take ?is = grant$1 h[ev]1 = a subord9ate ev5 an illegal ord] ( a b9d+ nature is ( mom5t4 ,article #dg ( ! ,g]man ,milit>y ,p5al ,code1 z already obs]v$1 lets ! puni%m5t ( ! subord9ate /&1 if 8x 0 kn[n0 to ! latt] t ! ord] ( ! sup]ior 8conc]n$ an act :i* _h = its purpose to commit a g5]al or milit>y crime or (f5se40 ,9 all o!r cases ! puni%m5t t\*es only ! comm&+ sup]ior4 ,j z 9 mo/ milit>y c\rts ( o!r armies1 ! judicial practice conc]n+ ,article #dg ( ! ,g]man ,milit>y ,p5al ,code also %[s ! t5d5cy to a va/ limitation ( ! p5al responsibility ( ! subord9ate4 ,t ?is t5d5cy has gr[n f ! purpose 8( gu>antee+ ! p]=mance ( ! duty ( ob$i5ce obligatory to ! subord9ate1 9 ! int]e/ ( milit>y discipl9e & ! ,wehrma*t's con/ant read9ess = battle10 *anges no?+ 9 ! fact z su*4 ,"h x is a matt] ( evaluat+ ! legal position at ! "t ! act 0 committ$4 ,article #dg ( ! ,g]man ,milit>y ,p5al ,code e/abli%es a p5al responsibility on ! "p ( ! subord9ate only if x 0 kn[n to him t ! ord] conc]n$ an act ! purpose ( :i* 0 a crime or an (f5se4 ,g]man judicial practice dem&s 9 addition a def9ite k on ! "p ( ! act+ subord9ate2 accord+ly1 cases ( m]e d\bt 7conditional int5t7 or m]e obligation to "k 7neglig5ce7 are expressly exclud$4 ,nei!r is ! idea satisfactory t ! p]=mance ( ! ord] result$ objectively 9 ! committ+ ( a crime or an (f5se4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! sup]ior mu/ h int5d$ ?is & ?is fact mu/ h be5 kn[n to ! subord9ate4 ,9 apply+ ^! pr9ciples1 !re _c be any d\bt t ^! suppositions 7 n fulfill$ ei!r 9 ! case ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt1 or 9 ! case ( ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*]--to say no?+ at all ( ! def5dant ,h]ta ,ob]heus]4 ,bo? ( ^! def5dants reg>d$ ! ord] giv5 !m by ! ,head ( ! ,/ate z a measure ( w> :i* 0 condition$ by special circum/ances caus$ by ! w> itself1 & by means ( :i* a "q %\ld be answ]$ :i* 0 ( decisive importance n only = ! w\nd$1 b beyond t1 %\ld furni% a contribution 9 ! /ruggle = ! f\ndations ( life ( ! ,g]man p & = ! exi/5ce ( ! ,rei*4 ,bo? def5dants 7 conv9c$ at t "t t ! ord] giv5 !m %\ld h any o!r purpose b ! committ+ ( a puni%able act4 ,!n1 9 reg>d to ! p>ticul> position ( ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*]1 ! mean+ ( an ord] ( ! imm$iate milit>y sup]ior is to be inve/igat$4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! exp]im5ts1 ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*] _h ! rank ( a fir/ lieut5ant4 ,he took "p 9 ! exp]im5ts at ! direct comm& ( 8 milit>y & m$ical sup]ior :o held ! rank ( g5]al4 ,9 view ( ! surpass+ au?ority ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt1 z surgeon & ,*ief ( ! ,hoh5ly*5 ,cl9ic & 9 view ( 8 high milit>y position1 a refusal 0 completely out ( ! "q4 ,on pr9ciple1 no o!r po9ts ( view b ^? already discuss$ apply "h ei!r4 ,:e!r ! ord] is a direct or an indirect "o (f]s no reason = diff]5ce4 ,9 ! case ( ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*]1 h[ev]1 ! foll[+ is /ill to be consid]$3 :e!r x 0 kn[n1 etc41 to ! subord9ate is always to be especially exam9$ accord+ to ! special circum/ances ( ! mom5t4 ,at ! same "t1 ( c\rse1 a decisive "p is play$ by ! fact t ! ord] = ^! exp]im5ts 0 giv5 to ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*]1 n by a milit>y sup]ior :o w\ld n h be5 9 a position or duly qualifi$ to give an exp]t decision ( ?is "q1 b by a p]son :o n only occupi$ a high milit>y rank1 b beyond t _h j t p>ticul> exp]i5ce 9 ! sph]e 9 :i* ! exp]im5ts 7 to be c>ri$ out4 ,! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt 0 n only a recogniz$ & lead+ ,g]man surgeon1 b he _h also z consult+ surgeon to ! ,waff5 ,,ss & z *ief ( a surgical res]ve combat unit acquir$ special exp]i5ce 9 ! sph]e ( combat surg]y & 9 ! treatm5t ( ! bact]iological infection ( w\nds4 ,! reason = ?is ord] giv5 to ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*] by 8 *ief mu/ h affect$ him all ! m conv9c+ly1 z x co9cid$ exactly ) ! exp]i5ce :i* ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*] himself _h ga9$ z m$ical (fic] ) ! ,fir/ ,,ss ,armor$ ,division 9 ,russia4 ,9 addition1 !re 0 ! special framework 9 :i* all ?is took place4 ,fritz ,fis*] _h be5 releas$ f ! combat unit on acc\nt ( s]i\s illness & _h be5 ord]$ to ! ,hoh5ly*5 ,cl9ic4 ,he 0 "u ! imm$iate impression ( h>d exp]i5ce at ! front4 ,9 ,hoh5ly*5 he f\nd himself 9 a cl9ic :i* op]at$ 9 peacetime conditions "u ! en]getic direction ( a man extraord9>ily gift$ 9 organizational & sci5tific matt]s4 ,e build+1 e in/allation ( ?is recogniz$ model in/itute1 ! num]\s cl9ical innovations & mod]n me?ods ( treatm5t1 e "o ( ! _m successful treatm5ts ( ,hoh5ly*5 0 insep>ably b\nd up ) ! "n ( ! *ief physician ,k>l ,gebh>dt & gave unconditional & unlimit$ value to 8 ^w & 8 au?ority 9 8 entire environm5t4 ,= all ^! reasons1 ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*] c\ld h _h no d\bt at all b t ! p]=mance ( ! ord] giv5 him 0 f ! m$ical /&po9t a requisite & p]missible w> measure4 ,precisely ! op5 c>ry+-out ( ! individual exp]im5tal measures1 ) ! exclusion ( e duty ( secrecy1 z well z ! report ( ! results :i* 0 provid$ = 9 advance & also execut$ be=e a critical =um ( ! highe/ milit>y physicians1 7 especially suit$ to nip 9 ! bud any di/ru/ ( ! ju/ification ( ^! exp]im5ts 9 ! m9d ( ! def5dant ,fritz ,fis*]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z ,fritz ,fis*] /rictly adh]$ to ! "p-ord]s giv5 to him & did n %[ any initiative ( 8 own1 x excludes him moreov] f any responsibility conc]n+ que/ions :i* 7 outside 8 sph]e ( action4 ,x is impossible to make ,fritz ,fis*] responsible = que/ions connect$ ) ! legal & m$ical prep>ation ( ! directives = ! exp]im5ts & ! cosmetic aft]-treatm5t4 ,ap>t f ?is viewpo9t1 ! special conditions ( public law :i* exi/$ 9 ,g]many at ! "t ( ! action ought to be m5tion$4 ,!y 7 expla9$ by ,pr(essor ,jahrreiss 9 8 op5+ spee* be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal 9 ! proce$+s aga9/ ,h]mann ,go]+ & o!rs4#aee ,pr(essor ,jahrreiss !reby repres5t$ ! foll[+ po9t ( view3 8,/ate ord]s1 :e!r !y lay d[n rules or decide individual cases1 c always be measur$ aga9/ ! exi/+ writt5 & unwritt5 law1 b also aga9/ ! rules ( int]national law1 morals1 & religion4 ,someone1 ev5 if only ! consci5ce ( ! p]son giv+ ! ord]s1 is always ask+3 ,has ! p]son giv+ ! ord] ord]$ some?+ :i* he _h no "r to ord]8 ,or has he =m$ & publi%$ 8 ord] by an inadmissible proc$ure8 ,b an unavoidable problem = all gov]nm5tal sy/ems lies 9 ?is3 ,%\ld or c x grant ! memb]s ( its hi]>*y1 its (ficials & (fic]s1 ! "r--or ev5 impose on !m ! duty--to exam9e at any "t any ord] :i* dem&s ob$i5ce f !m1 to det]m9e :e!r x is lawful1 & to decide accord+ly :e!r to obey or refuse8 ,no gov]nm5tal sy/em :i* has appe>$ 9 hi/ory to date has giv5 an affirmative answ] to ?is "q4 ,only c]ta9 memb]s ( ! hi]>*y 7 ev] grant$ ?is "r2 & !y 7 n grant$ x )\t limits4 ,?is 0 also ! case1 = in/ance1 "u ! extremely democratic con/itution ( ! ,g]man ,rei* dur+ ! ,weim> ,republic & is s today "u ! occupation rule ( ! f\r great p[]s ov] ,g]many4 8,9 z f> z su* a "r ( exam9ations is n grant$ to memb]s ( ! hi]>*y1 ! ord] has legal =ce = !m4 8,all con/itutional law1 t ( mod]n /ates z well1 kn[s acts ( /ate :i* mu/ be respect$ by ! au?orities ev5 :5 !y are defective4 ,c]ta9 acts ( lay+ d[n rules1 c]ta9 decisions on individual cases :i* h receiv$ legal =ce1 are valid ev5 :5 ! p]son giv+ ! ord] has exce$$ 8 compet5ce or has made a mi/ake 9 =m4 8,if only because ! process ( go+ back to a /ill high] ord] mu/ f9ally come to an end1 ord]s mu/ exi/ "u e gov]nm5t t are b9d+ on ! memb]s ( ! hi]>*y "u all circum/ances & are !re=e law :]e ! (ficials are conc]n$1 ev5 if outsid]s may see t !y are defective z reg>d cont5t or =m 99 99 994 899 99 99 ,! result ( ! developm5t 9 ! ,rei* ( ,hitl] 0 at any rate t ,hitl] became ! supreme legislator z well z ! supreme au?or ( individual ord]s4 ,x 0 n lea/ ( all "u ! impression ( ! surpris+ successes1 or :at 7 consid]$ successes 9 ,g]many & abroad1 above all dur+ ! c\rse ( ?is w>1 t he became ?is4 ,p]haps ! ,g]man p are--ev5 ?\gh ) great diff]5ces betwe5 nor? & s\?1 we/ & ea/--p>ticul>ly easily subject$ to actual p[]1 p>ticul>ly easily l$ by ord]s1 p>ticul>ly us$ to ! idea ( a sup]ior4 ,?us ! :ole process may h be5 made easi]4 8,f9ally ! only ?+ t 0 n q cle> 0 ,hitl]'s relation%ip to ! judici>y4 ,=1 ev5 9 ,hitl]-,g]many1 x 0 n possible to kill ! idea t x 0 ess5tial to all[ ju/ice to be ex]cis$ by indep5d5t c\rts1 at lea/ 9 matt]s :i* conc]n ! wide masses 9 _! ev]yday life4 ,up to ! highe/ gr\p ( ,p>ty (ficials--?is has be5 %[n by "s ( ! spee*es ( ! ,rei* ,ju/ice ,lead]1 ! def5dant ,dr4 ,frank1 :i* 7 submitt$ "h--!re 0 resi/ance1 :i* 0 actually n v successful1 :5 ju/ice 9 civil & ord9>y crim9al cases 0 also to be =c$ into ! 8sic jubeo0 ( ! "o man4 ,b1 ap>t f ! judici>y1 :i* 0 actually also tott]+1 absolute monocracy 0 complete4 ,! ,rei*/ag's pomp\s decl>ation ab\t ,hitl]'s legal position1 dat$ #bf ,april #aidb1 0 actually only ! /atem5t ( :at _h become practice long be=e4 8,! ,fuehr]'s ord]s 7 law already a consid]able "t be=e ?is ,second ,_w ,w>4 8,9 ?is /ate ord] ( 81 ! ,g]man ,rei* 0 treat$ z a p>tn] by ! o!r /ates1 & ?is 9 ! :ole field ( politics4 ,9 ?is connection ,i d n wi% to /ress ! way 7s impressive to ! ,g]man p & s fatal to all opposition7 9 :i* ?is took place 9 #aicf at ! ,olympic ,games1 a %[ :i* ,hitl] c\ld n ord] ! delegations ( =eign nations to att5d1 z he ord]$ ,g]mans to ! ,nu]nb]g ,p>ty ,rally 9 ! case ( 8 /ate-%[s4 ,i %\ld l r only to po9t out t ! gov]nm5ts ( ! greate/ nations 9 ! _w consid]$ ! ^w ( ?is 8almighty0 man ! f9al decision1 inconte/ably valid = e ,g]man1 & bas$ _! decisions on major que/ions on ! fact t ,hitl]'s ord] 0 inconte/ably valid4 ,to m5tion only ! mo/ /rik+ cases1 ?is fact 0 reli$ ^u :5 ! ,briti% ,prime ,m9i/]1 ,neville ,*amb]la91 aft] ! ,muni* ,conf]5ce1 display$ ! fam\s peace pap] :5 he l&$ at ,croydon4 ,?is fact 0 adh]$ to :5 p w5t to w> aga9/ ! ,rei* z ! b>b>\s despotism ( ?is "o man4 8,no political sy/em has yet pleas$ all p :o live "u x or :o feel its effects abroad4 ,! ,g]man political sy/em 9 ! ,hitl] era displeas$ a p>ticul>ly l>ge & ev]-increas+ numb] ( p at home & abroad4 8,b t does n 9 any way alt] ! fact t x exi/$1 n la/ly because ( ! recognition f abroad & because ( its effectiv5ess1 :i* caus$ a ,briti% ,prime ,m9i/] to make ! n[ _w-fam\s /atem5t at a critical p]iod1 t democracies ne$ two ye>s long] ?an ! totalit>ian gov]nm5ts to atta9 a c]ta9 goal4 ,only "o :o has liv$ z if expell$ f among 8 own p1 amid/ bl9dly believ+ masses :o idoliz$ ?is man z infallible1 kn[s h[ firmly ,hitl]'s p[] 0 an*or$ 9 ! anonym\s & innum]able foll[+ :o believ$ him capable only ( do+ :at 0 good & "r4 ,!y did n "k him p]sonally1 he 0 = !m :at propag&a made ( him1 b ?is he 0 s uncompromis+ly t ev]ybody :o saw him f close-to & saw o!rwise1 knew cle>ly t resi/ance 0 absolutely useless &1 9 ! eyes ( o!r p1 0 n ev5 m>tyrdom4 8,w\ld x !re=e n be a self-contradictory proce$+ if bo? ! foll[+ ass]tions 7 to be realiz$ at ! same "t 9 ! rules ( ?is trial8 99 99 99 899 99 99 ,! function>ies _h nei!r ! "r nor ! duty to exam9e ! ord]s ( ! monocrat to det]m9e _! legality4 ,= !m ^! ord]s c\ld n be illegal at all1 ) "o exception :i* w be discuss$ lat]--an exception :i*1 if c>efully exam9$1 is se5 to be only an app>5t "o--namely ) ! exception ( cases 9 :i* ! monocrat plac$ himself1 accord+ to ! indisputable values ( our times1 outside e human ord]1 & 9 :i* a real "q ( "r or wrong 0 n put at all & ?us a real exam9ation 0 n dem&$4 8,hitl]'s w 0 ! ultimate au?ority = _! consid]ations on :at to d & :at n to d4 ,! ,fuehr]'s ord] cut (f e discussion4 ,!re=e1 a p]son :o1 z a function>y ( ! hi]>*y ref]s to an ord] ( ! ,fuehr]'s1 is n try+ to provide a gr\nd = be+ exempt$ f puni%m5t = an illegal action1 b he d5ies ! ass]tion t 8 conduct is illegal2 = ! ord] :i* he compli$ ) 0 legally unassailable4 8,only a p]son :o has und]/ood ?is c h a conception ( ! difficult inn] /ruggles :i* s _m ,g]man (ficials _h to fight out 9 ^! ye>s 9 face ( _m a decree or resolution ( ,hitl]'s4 ,= !m su* cases 7 n a "q ( a conflict betwe5 "r & wrong3 ,disputes ab\t legality sank into insignificance4 ,= !m ! problem 0 "o ( legitimacy2 z "t w5t on1 human & div9e law oppos$ ea* o!r ev] m /rongly & m frequ5tly4 8,!re=e1 :atev] ! ,*>t] und]/&s by ! ord]s :i* x sets aside z a gr\nd = exemption f puni%m5t1 c ! ,fuehr]'s ord] be meant by ?is8 ,c x come )9 ! mean+ ( ?is rule8 ,mu/ "o n accept ?is ord] = :at x 0 accord+ to ! int]ior ,g]man con/itution z x _h develop$1 a con/itution :i* _h be5 explicitly or implicitly recogniz$ by ! community ( /ates8 99 99 99 899 99 99 ,! "o supreme w became1 q simply1 te*nically indisp5sable4 ,x became ! me*anical connect+ l9k = ! :ole4 ,a function>y :o met ) objections or ev5 resi/ance to "o ( 8 ord]s f o!r function>ies only ne$$ to ref] to an ord] ( ! ,fuehr]'s to get 8 way4 ,= ?is reason _m1 v _m1 among ^? ,g]mans :o felt ,hitl]'s regime to be intol]able1 :o inde$ hat$ him l ! devil1 look$ ahead only ) ! greate/ anxiety to ! "t :5 ?is man w\ld disappe> f ! sc5e2 = :at w\ld happ5 :5 ?is connect+ l9k disappe>$8 ,x 0 a vici\s circle4 8,i repeat3 ,an ord] ( ! ,fuehr]'s 0 b9d+--& inde$ legally b9d+--on ! p]son to :om x 0 giv51 ev5 if ! directive 0 contr>y to int]national law or to o!r traditional values40 ,s mu* = ! /atem5ts ( ,pr(essor ,jahrreiss be=e ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,! developm5t pres5t$ "h seems to be p>ticul>ly relevant = ! case ( ! def5dant ,fis*]1 s9ce he himself 9 ! witness box describ$ 8 attitude t[>ds ! ,fuehr]'s comm& 9 a way :i*1 because ( 8 v y\?1 8 ideali/ic conception ( life & duty & 8 manly confession1 0 p>ticul>ly conv9c+4 ,x is true t 9 ! face ( all ?is1 ref]5ce w be made to ,article #h ( ! ,*>t] = ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal :i* reads3 8,! fact t ! def5dant act$ pursuant to ord] ( 8 ,gov]nm5t or ( a sup]ior %all n free him f responsibility1 b may be consid]$ 9 mitigation ( puni%m5t if ! ,tribunal det]m9es t ju/ice s requires40 ,accord+ly1 ,law ,no4 #aj ( ! ,control ,c\ncil1 ,article ,,ii1 p>agraph #d reads-- 87b7 ,! fact t any p]son act$ pursuant to ! ord]s ( 8 gov]nm5t or ( a sup]ior does n free him f responsibility = a crime1 b may be consid]$ 9 mitigation40 ,9 ! face ( ?is objection ! foll[+ is to be po9t$ out3 ,at ! "t ( _! actions ! def5dants 7 subject to ,g]man law accord+ to :i* ! degree ( _! responsibility 0 det]m9$ &1 ev5 today1 mu/ ju/ly be ref]r$ back to t mom5t4 ,! foll[+ %\ld be emphasiz$1 h[ev]1 9 case ! ,tribunal %\ld n apply ! legal provisions 9 =ce at ! "t ( ! act1 b %\ld base its judgm5t on ,law ,no4 #aj ( ! ,control ,c\ncil1 ?\gh x repres5ts a manife/ violation ( ! prohibition ( retroactive application ( p5al laws4 ,ev5 f ! above-nam$ provision ( ! ,law ( ! ,control ,c\ncil1 ! pr9ciple _c be d]iv$ t e comm& ( a sup]ior %\ld1 "u ! aspect ( ,p5al ,law1 be irrelevant "u all circum/ances4 ,?is also applies to ! problem ( ! exemption f responsibility & exemption f p5alty4 ,! provision only /ates t ! exi/5ce ( su* a comm& 9 itself does n exempt "o f ! responsibility = a crime2 x does n1 h[ev]1 preclude by any means t 9 connection ) o!r facts x may be relevant = ?is problem z well4 ,! guid+ legal aspect und]ly+ ^! delib]ations is conta9$ 9 ! concept ( ! s-call$ conflict ( duties :i* has be5 repeat$ly m5tion$ be=e4 ,?is aspect does n co9cide eo ipso ) ! 8objective0 pr9ciple ( balanc+ int]e/s1 z discuss$ 9 exam9+ ! case ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,gebh>dt4 ,9 addition "o mu/ insi/ on consid]ation ( ! 8subjective0 position ( ! p]son committ+ ! act4 ,9 o!r words1 9 ord] to arrive at a j appreciation ( ! case1 ! p]sonal situation ( ! p]son committ+ ! act at ! mom5t ( its be+ committ$ w h to be weigh$ up z well4 ,?is applies p>ticul>ly to ! p]sonal situation into :i* ! p]son committ+ ! act has be5 put by reason ( a high] comm& :i* is b9d+ = him & influ5ces him4 ,besides ! g5]al 8objective0 pr9ciples ( balanc+ int]e/s1 su* a special 8subjective0 /ate ( co]cion c & mu/ !re=e be consid]$ 9 8 favor also4 ,a 8comm&0 c1 !re=e1 accord+ to ! concrete situation1 %ift ! b\nd>ies ( culpability fur!r 9 8 favor4 ,re9h>dt ,frank1 ! great ,g]man crim9ologi/1 has ) reg>d to ! problem ( ! s-call$ conflict ( duties e/abli%$ ! maxim1 8,9 z f> z ! conflict ( duties has n be5 expressly regulat$ ! maxim %\ld prevail t ! high]1 ! m significant1 ! m important duty is to be fulfill$ at ! exp5se ( ! less high "o & t1 !re=e1 omission to fulfill ! latt] "o is n contr>y to law40 ,) good reason x has always be5 emphasiz$ t 9 su* a situation ( conflict ( div]sifi$ duties ! decision is1 9 ! end1 n to be f\nd 9 positive law1 b x is ( an e?ical nature4 ,t is :y1 9 su* a situation1 a c]ta9 leeway mu/ be left to ! p]sonal consci5ce2 x is n possible "h to arrive at ev]y?+ ?r\gh ! co>se means ( an outw>d p5al provision4 ,?is completely 8p]sonal0 "* ( g5u9e e?ical conflicts has also be5 fully recogniz$ & emphasiz$ 9 ! au?oritative philosophical lit]ature4 ,ni*olai ,h>tmann1 ,e?ics 7#b;d ,edition1 #aice1 pp4 #dba-dbb7 says = in/ance1 ) reg>d to g5u9e conflicts ( values3 8,x is a fateful error to believe t su* problems c be solv$ on pr9ciple 9 !ory4 ,!re are bord]-l9e cases 9 :i* ! conflict 9 consci5ce is grave en\gh to require a diff]5t solution accord+ to ! p>ticul> e?os ( ! p]son4 ,= x lies 9 ! v nature ( su* conflicts t values are balanc$1 & t x is n possible to em]ge f !m )\t becom+ guilty4 ,accord+ly1 a man 9 ?is situation _c help mak+ a decision4 ,a p]son fac$ ) ?is s]i\s conflict1 incurr+ su* a measure ( responsibility1 ought to decide ?is-- 8,to foll[ ! dictates ( 8 consci5ce to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 t is1 accord+ to 8 own live s5se ( ! level ( values & accept ! consequ5ces40 ,no fur!r argum5t %\ld be ne$$ = demon/rat+ t j f an e?ical po9t ( view measur+ ( su* p]sonal decisions by /&>ds ( p5al law is out ( ! "q4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,te/imony ,page ,extracts f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,k>l ,br&t #igj ,extract f ! te/imony ( def5dant ,rose #igc ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t#aef ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,judge ,,sebr+3 99 99 99 ,witness1 = ! sake ( cl>ification1 let u assume t x w\ld h be5 highly important to ! ,wehrma*t to asc]ta91 z a matt] ( fact1 h[ long a human be+ c\ld )/& exposure to cold be=e succumb+ to ! effects ( x4 ,d y und]/& t8 ,let's assume secondly t human subjects 7 select$ = su* freez+ exp]im5ts )\t _! cons5t4 ,let's assume ?irdly t su* involunt>y human subjects 7 subject$ to ! exp]im5ts & di$ z a direct or indirect result !re(4 ,n[1 w\ld y be good en\gh to in=m ! ,tribunal :at y\r view ( su* an exp]im5t is--ei!r f ! legal or f ! e?ical po9t ( view8 ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t3 ,i mu/ repeat once m1 9 ord] to make sure t ,i und]/ood y correctly4 ,:5 assign+ ! exp]im5t ! foll[+ ?+s are assum$3 highe/ milit>y necessity1 involunt>y nature ( ! exp]im5t1 & ! dang] ( ! exp]im5t ) ev5tual fatality4 ,9 ?is case ,i am ( ! op9ion t1 :5 consid]+ ! circum/ances ( ! situation ( ! w>1 ?is /ate in/itution :i* has laid d[n ! importance 9 ! int]e/ ( ! /ate at ! same "t takes ! responsibility away f ! physician if su* an exp]im5t ends fatally & su* a responsibility has to be tak5 by ! /ate4 ,q4 ,n[1 does x take away t responsibility f ! physician1 9 y\r view1 or does x %>e t responsibility jo9tly ) ! physician1 9 y\r view8 ,a4 ,9 my view1 ?is responsibility is tak5 away f ! physician because1 f t mom5t on1 ! physician is m]ely an in/rum5t maybe 9 ! same s5se z 9 ! case ( an (fic] :o receives an ord] at ! front & leads a gr\p ( ?ree or f\r soldi]s into a position :]e !y are c]ta9 to meet dea?4 ,t position1 if ,i apply x to ,g]man conditions dur+ ! w>1 is 9 pr9ciple ! same4 ,i don't believe t ! physician z su*1 f 8 e?ical & moral feel+s1 w\ld c>ry out su* an exp]im5t )\t ?is assurance ( ! au?orit>ian /ate :i* gives him a =mal & legal assurance on "o side &1 on ! o!r side1 gives him ! ord] = ! execution4 ,naturally1 9 ?is case1 x is a !oretical "q s9ce ,i _c survey ! position 9 ! case ( ! freez+ exp]im5t4 ,i don't "k h[ ?is assurance 0 giv5 & h[ ! ord] 0 giv54 ,basically1 ,i want to diff]5tiate betwe5 ! ord] = an exp]im5t :i* arises f m$ical ne$s z su* & :]e1 "u ! circum/ances1 ! /ate only has a second>y int]e/ on ! basis ( m$ical initiatives1 & ,i w\ld diff]5tiate betwe5 ! rev]se /ate ( affairs :]e ! /ate uses m$ical activities4 ,q4 ,! ,tribunal has "o fur!r "q ( int]e/4 ,9 y\r view1 w\ld an ord] :i* au?oriz$ or direct$ a subord9ate m$ical (fic] or subord9ate m$ical gr\p to c>ry on a c]ta9 m$ical exp]im5t--let u assume = ! mom5t ?is freez+ exp]im5t--we h !n a g5]al ord]1 let u assume1 direct+ a c]ta9 in/itute to c>ry on freez+ exp]im5ts )\t del9eat+ or specify+ 9 detail ! exact c\rse ( ^? exp]im5ts4 ,w\ld y conceive t su* an ord] w\ld au?orize ! m$ical (fic] to :om ! ord] 0 address$ to select subjects involunt>ily & subject !m to exp]im5ts1 ! execution ( :i* t (fic] absolutely knew or %\ld h kn[n w\ld likely result 9 dea? to ! subject8 ,a4 ,may ,i h y\r la/ s5t5ce repeat$1 please8 ,?is "q is extremely difficult to answ]4 ,! ord] giv5 9 su* a case has to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,may ,i1 p]haps1 answ] ) an example ( su* an ord]4 ,if ,himml] gives an ord] to a ,dr4 8,x0 & tells him to c>ry out a c]ta9 exp]im5t1 !n x is possible t ,dr4 8,x0 did n wi% to comply ) ?is ord]4 ,9 su* a case1 h[ev]1 ,dr4 8,x0 w n h ov]look$ ! importance ( ! exp]im5t itself1 ! same way z ! lieut5ant :o receiv$ a c]ta9 milit>y ord]--& we are "h conc]n$ ) a milit>y ord]--does n ov]look t he w\ld h to hold out ) a gr\p ( eight m5 at a bridgehead & t ?is w\ld end 9 8 dea?4 ,9 spite ( t1 ?is (fic] ) 8 eight m5 to :om he pass$ ?is ord] on w\ld meet _! dea? at t position4 ,s ?is physician 8,x0 :o receiv$ ?is ord] f ,himml] w\ld "u ! circum/ances h to c>ry out an exp]im5t )\t be+ able to judge ! validity ( ! reasons :i* prompt$ a c5tral ag5cy4 ,if a physician _h n c>ri$ out t exp]im5t1 he w\ld h got into a position :]e he w\ld be call$ to acc\nt if he _h n c>ri$ out t exp]im5t4 ,9 ?is case1 & !re we h to consid] ! au?orit>ian nature ( our /ate1 ! p]sonal feel+ & ! feel+ ( a special pr(essional1 e?ical obligation has to subord9ate itself to ! totalit>ian nature ( ! w>4 ,i mu/ say once m1 ^! are !oretical assumptions :i* ,i am express+ "h4 ,at ! same "t ,i c\ld express h[ difficult su* decisions are if ,i ref] to an example :i* rec5tly 0 quot$ "h1 & ,i mean ! eight hundr$ inmates 9 a prison 9 ,am]ica :o 7 infect$ ) mal>ia4 ,i don't want to ref] to ?is example 9 ord] to ju/ify ! exp]im5ts :i* are "u indictm5t "h1 b ,i want to express t ! "q ( ! importance ( an exp]im5t is1 & rema9s1 basically ( decisive importance4 ,ev5 !re a c]ta9 numb] ( fatalities _h to be expect$ f ! />t :5 infect+ eight hundr$ p ) mal>ia4 ,! volunt>y attitude :i* an inmate adopts & ) :i* an inmate makes himself available is a relatively volunt>y agreem5t4 ,i don't ?9k x w\ld be ! same if "o 7 to receive a volunt>y agreem5t f p :o are pres5t "h4 ,"o has to consid] ! nature ( ! volunt>y agreem5t4 ,9 my op9ion1 ?is r\nd figure ( eight hundr$ speaks aga9/ ! volunt>y agreem5t ( all4 ,i w\ld assume t if x 0 sev5 hundr$ & ?irty-five or sev5 hundr$ & =ty1 x w\ld be diff]5t1 b ! r\nd figure ( eight hundr$ seems to indicate t !re 0 a c]ta9 ord] = ! exp]im5t be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! exp]im5t1 & ^! exp]im5ts1 too1 7 direct$ f ! po9t ( view ( a sup]ior /ate int]e/1 & ?is sup]ior /ate int]e/1 at ! same "t1 takes ov] ! responsibility = ! result ( ! exp]im5t ) ref]5ce to ! exp]im5tal subject4 ,= responsibility 9 a m$ical s5se _c be assum$ at all s9ce ev5 a negative s]ies ( exp]im5ts speaks aga9/ ! urg5cy & necessity ( ^! exp]im5ts2 & p>ticul>ly :5 answ]+ ! "q ab\t volunt>y or involunt>y1 dang]\s or nondang]\s natures1 x is v difficult & almo/ impossible to say basically ) ref]5ce to exp]im5ts t exp]im5ts on human be+s1 tak+ all ^! ?+s into consid]ation1 are a crime or are n a crime4 ,! "q c only be judg$ :5 ov] & above ! expect$ result exp]im5ts are /ill cont9u$4 ,if a result has be5 e/abli%$ & fur!r exp]im5ts on human be+s are !n c>ri$ out1 !y are n important1 & ! exp]im5t :i* is n important is only a dilettante exp]im5t4 ,9 t case ,i w\ld f ! />t assume ! ^w 8crim9al10 b :5 deal+ ) important exp]im5ts1 x is necess>y to take into consid]ation all ! circum/ances :i* play$ a "p at t "t2 t is to say1 ! important exp]im5ts1 f ! mom5t a result is a*iev$1 become unimportant4 ,f t mom5t on1 9 my op9ion1 ! exp]im5t is crim9al4 ,!re=e1 t :5 speak+ ab\t human exp]im5ts at all1 "o mu/ put ! results at ! disposal ( ! /ate--n only to "o /ate b int]nationally--s t exp]im5ts :i* are c>ri$ out 9 ,russia & :i* _h %[n results w\ld n be cont9u$ 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,) ref]5ce to freez+ exp]im5ts1 ,i c only say t 9 a c]ta9 =m1 )\t say+ 8crim9al0 or 8n crim9al10 !y %[$ _! value4 ,! indication = t is t ! results 9 ! ,am]ican ,air ,=ce 7 consid]$ z some?+ extraord9>y & help$ ! ,am]ican ,air ,=ce to ga9 ye>s1 & ,i ?9k t ^! exp]im5ts w\ld also be ( use 9 m9es1 :]e a numb] ( fatalities occur because ( freez+4 ,if y consid] ! freez+ exp]im5ts 9 t light1 ! victims 9 effect are tragic & are to be regrett$1 b ) ref]5ce to subsequ5t p]iods ^! victims are a real sacrifice1 = hundr$s1 or maybe ?\s&s ( p might save or prolong _! lives because ( x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,dr4 ,br&t1 is x n true t 9 any milit>y organization1 ev5 "o ( an au?orit>ian /ate1 !re comes a po9t beyond :i* ! (fic] receiv+ an ord] subjects himself to individual responsibility1 at lea/ 9 ! eyes ( civiliz$ society1 = c>ry+ out any milit>y ord]s1 p>ticul>ly if ! ord] is unlawful or transc5ds ! limit ( extreme milit>y necessity8 ,a4 ,!re 0 a g5]al law /at+ t an (fic] does n h to c>ry out an ord] :i* he realizes is a crime1 b ! "q ) ref]5ce to ^! v>i\s exp]im5ts is :e!r ! man conc]n$ c realize t :at he is do+ is a crime4 ,if he c realize x1 !n1 9 my op9ion1 he _c comply ) ! ord]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,def5dant ,,rose#aeg ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,& y sugge/$ & ask$ him def5dant ,mrug[sky to c>ry out exp]im5ts ) ,cop5hag5 vacc9e 9 ! typhus exp]im5ts 9 ,bu*5wald1 didn't y8 ,,def5dant ,,rose3 ,i 0 ask+ :e!r !re 0 /ill a possibility ( c>ry+ out su* a s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,t is q und]/&able1 consid]+ ! situation1 because "o c see f my report ( #bi ,may #aidc1 t ?is seem$ to con/itute a consid]able advance on ! exp]im5ts already made on animals4 ,i knew t su* exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ out e>li]1 al?\gh ,i basically object$ to ^! exp]im5ts4 ,?is in/itution _h be5 set up 9 ,g]many & 0 approv$ by ! /ate & cov]$ by ! /ate4 ,at t mom5t ,i 0 9 a position :i* might correspond to t ( a lawy] :o is1 p]haps1 a basic oppon5t ( capital puni%m5t4 ,on occasions :5 he is deal+ ) lead+ memb]s ( ! gov]nm5t or ) lawy]s dur+ public congresses or meet+s1 he w d ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to ma9ta9 8 op9ion on ! subject & h x put into effect4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he does n succe$1 he /ays 9 8 pr(ession & 9 8 environm5t 9 spite ( ?is4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances he may p]haps ev5 be =c$ to pron\nce su* a dea? s5t5ce himself1 al?\gh he is basically an oppon5t ( ! pr9ciple4 ,( c\rse1 x does n g z f> z ?is 9 my case4 ,i am only 9 t\* ) p ( :om ,i assume t !y someh[ are includ$ 9 ! (ficial *annels ( su* an in/itution1 :i* ,i disapprove ( basically1 & :i* ,i want to see remov$4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 six p]sons di$ 9 ?is exp]im5t ) ! ,cop5hag5 vacc9e1 didn't !y8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,!y 7 six p :o 7 furni%$ by ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police ,(fice ?r\gh ord9>y *annels z det]m9$ by compet5t ag5cies4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #adi ,clos+ /atem5t is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ad ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajgah-ajgif4 #aej ,def5dant be=e ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,see ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 ,vols4 ,i-,,xlii1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #aea ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ah ,july #aidg1 pp4 #aabbj-aabdd4 #aeb ,def5dant 9 case ( ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,ern/ von ,weizsaeck]1 et al4 ,see ,vols4 ,,xii1 ,,xiii1 ,,xiv4 #aec ,unit$ ,/ates vs4 ,josef ,alt/oett]1 et al4 ,see ,vol4 ,,iii4 #aed ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #af ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajibb-ajida4 #aee ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,,xvii1 pp4 #deh-did1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidh4 #aef ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g ,feb4 #aidg1 pp4 #bcja-bffa4 #aeg ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ah1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #be ,apr4 #aidg1 pp4 #fjha-fdhd4 ,d4 ,/atus ( ,occupi$ ,pol& ,"u ,int]national ,law a4 ,introduction ,! def5se argu$ t ,pol& lo/ its sov]eignty z a result ( ! complete occupation ( ,poli% t]ritory & ! cessation ( ,poli% milit>y resi/ance 9 ,septemb] #aici & held t 9 consequ5ce ,g]many c\ld treat ,poli% nationals accord+ to ,g]man law4 ,an extract f ! clos+ /atem5t ( ! prosecution on ?is po9t appe>s on page #ige4 ,! argum5t1 t int]national law conc]n+ bellig]5t occupation 0 ?us n applicable to ! treatm5t ( ,poli% nationals1 appe>s 9 ! extracts f ! f9al plea = def5dant ,gebh>dt on pages #igf to #igi4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,prosecution#aeh 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! case ( "s ( ! def5dants1 & ?is is especially true ) respect to ,gebh>dt1 ,fis*]1 & ,ob]heus] 9 connection ) ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts1 x is to be expect$ t ! argum5t w be made t crimes aga9/ ,poli%1 & p]haps also ,cze* nationals1 d n con/itute w> crimes )9 ! mean+ ( ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj4 ,?is argum5t is bas$ ^u ! proposition t ,g]many 0 no long] b\nd by ! rules ( l& w>f>e 9 _m ( ! t]ritories occupi$ dur+ ! w> because ,g]many _h completely subjugat$ ^? c\ntries & incorporat$ !m into ! ,g]man ,rei*1 & !re=e ,g]many _h ! au?ority to deal ) ! occupi$ c\ntries z ?\gh !y 7 "p ( ,g]many4 ,?us1 ! def5se plac$ 9 evid5ce ! ,russo-,g]man ,b\nd>y & ,fri5d%ip ,treaty ( #bh ,septemb] #aici z well z c]ta9 ,g]man decrees conc]n+ ! adm9i/ration ( occupi$ ,pol&4 7,gebh>dt #ad1 ,gebh>dt ,ex4 #ac2 ,gebh>dt #ae1 ,gebh>dt ,ex4 #ad2 ,gebh>dt #af1 ,gebh>dt ,ex4 #ae47 ,)\t /opp+ to argue ! po9t t t "p ( ,pol& adm9i/]$ by ! s-call$ ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 f :i* ! ,poli% subjects = ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts came1 0 nev] incorporat$ into ! ,rei*1 x w be suffici5t to po9t out t ?is argum5t 0 dispos$ ( by ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,9 its judgm5t1 ! foll[+ 0 said3#aei 8,9 ! view ( ! ,tribunal1 x is unnecess>y 9 ?is case to decide :e!r ?is doctr9e ( subjugation1 dep5d5t z x is ^u milit>y conque/1 has any application :]e ! subjugation is ! result ( ! crime ( aggressive w>4 ,! doctr9e 0 nev] consid]$ to be applicable s long z !re 0 an army 9 ! field attempt+ to re/ore ! occupi$ c\ntries to _! true own]s1 & 9 ?is case1 !re=e1 ! doctr9e c\ld n apply to any t]ritories occupi$ aft] #a ,septemb] #aici40 ,! argum5t also has no validity ) respect to ,cze* nationals4 ,! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal said t3 8,z to w> crimes committ$ 9 ,bohemia & ,moravia1 x is a suffici5t answ] t ^! t]ritories 7 nev] add$ to ! ,rei*1 b a m]e protectorate 0 e/abli%$ ov] !m40#afj 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,gebh>dt#afa 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,legal ,/atus ( ! ,exp]im5tal ,subjects 8,inmates ( ! ,rav5sbrueck conc5tration camp :o _h be5 s5t5c$ to dea? by ,g]man c\rts m>tial 9 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t z memb]s ( ! ,poli% ,resi/ance ,movem5t 7 employ$ z exp]im5tal subjects 79 ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts740 ,! witnesses que/ion$ 9 ,c\rt & all exp]im5tal subjects f :om ! prosecution has submitt$ affidavits h op5ly pr(ess$ _! memb]%ip ( ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t & x mu/ be add$ t "s ( !m ex]cis$ relatively important functions 9 ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t4 ,if ! legal /atus ( ! exp]im5tal subjects at ! "t ( _! activity 9 ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t is exam9$1 ! result w be z foll[s3 ,,legal ,,/atus ,,( ,,pol& ,! =m] ,poli% ,/ate ceas$ to exi/ z an indep5d5t subject f ! po9t ( view ( int]national law at ! late/ on #bh ,septemb] #aici4 ,aft] ! entire area ( ! =m] ,poli% ,/ate _h be5 occupi$ by ! ,g]man armies & ! troops ( ! ,soviet ,union1 & ! ,poli% ,gov]nm5t _h gone into ,romanian t]ritory "u pressure ( ! invasion ( ! ,r$ ,army on #ag ,septemb] #aici1 ! two occupational p[]s decid$ to c>ry out a plan previ\sly agre$ ^u :i* 0 to settle all matt]s conc]n+ ! t]ritory ( ! =m] ,poli% ,/ate )\t int]f]5ce by any o!r p[]s4 ,?is 0 br\ght ab\t by ! ,g]man-,soviet ,b\nd>y & ,fri5d%ip ,pact ( #bh ,septemb] #aici4 7,gebh>dt #ad1 ,gebh>dt ,ex4 #ac47 ,i ref] to ! cont5ts ( ! pact = p>ticul>s4 ,x 0 on ?is day1 at ! v late/1 t ,pol& ceas$ to exi/ z a sov]eign /ate & z be>] ( rights & duties4 ,due to w>1 ! =m] ,poli% ,/ate ceas$ to exi/ z a /ate & !re) z a subject f ! po9t ( view ( int]national law4 ,! t]ritory ( ! =m] ,poli% ,/ate1 ins(> z x fell )9 ! sph]e ( ,soviet int]e/s1 became "p ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,s4 ,r41 to :i* x /ill belongs today4 ,! ,poli% t]ritory1 :i* fell into ! ,g]man sph]e ( int]e/s & :i* is designat$ 9 detail 9 ! ,supplem5t>y ,protocol to ! ,g]man-,soviet ,b\nd>y & ,fri5d%ip ,pact1 became ei!r "p ( ! ,g]man ,rei* or--& ?is conc]n$ ! l>g] "p ( ! area--0 made into an indep5d5t bord]l& ( ! ,g]man ,rei* "u ! designation ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,! con/itutional laws gov]n+ ?is t]ritory 7 bas$ on ! ,decree = ! ,adm9i/ration ( ! ,occupi$ ,poli% ,t]ritory issu$ on #ab ,octob] #aici by ! ,fuehr] & ,rei* ,*ancellor4 ,i h pres5t$ ! decree to ! ,tribunal z ,docum5t ,gebh>dt #ae1 ,gebh>dt ,exhibit #ad4 ,article #d ( ?is decree /ates t ,poli% law 0 to cont9ue to be valid ins(> z x 0 n at v>iance ) ! tak+ ov] ( ! adm9i/ration by ! ,g]man ,rei*4 ,article #e gives ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al ! "r to issue laws by ord9ance = ! t]ritory "u 8 adm9i/ration4 ,correspond+ to ! g5]ally ackn[l$g$ pr9ciples ( int]national law ! ord9ances issu$ by ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al 7 b9d+ = ! population ( ?is t]ritory4 ,?is is especially true ( ! ,ord9ance = ,combat+ ,de$s ( ,viol5ce 9 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 :i* 0 issu$ on #ca ,octob] #aici 7,ord9ance ,gazette = ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 page #aj71 & :i* also laid ! f\ndation = ! compet5ce ( ! c\rts m>tial4 ,?is ord9ance _h become necess>y because ! milit>y gov]nm5t1 :i* _h be5 active until #bf ,octob] #aici1 ceas$ to exi/ :5 ! ,fuehr] ,decree ( #ab ,octob] #aici became valid4 ,9 ?is connection1 ! foll[+ reply mu/ be made to ! objection ( ! prosecution 9 _! f9al plea on ! morn+ ( ! #ad?4 ,fir/3 ,no ,poli% ,gov]nm5t 0 9 exi/5ce :5 ^! exp]im5tal subjects 7 work+ = ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t 9 #aidj & #aida4 ,! ,poli% ,gov]nm5t _h ceas$ to exi/ z an indep5d5t subject "u int]national law4 ,! gov]nm5t 9 exile 9 ,london "u ,g5]al ,sikorski & ! gov]nm5t 9 ,lubl9 7 only subsequ5tly recogniz$ by ! ,we/]n ,allies4 ,second3 ,:5 ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 work+ = ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t 9 #aidj1 no ,poli% ,army 9 combat exi/$4 ,?ird3 ,! prosecution seems to h endeavor$ to express t ?is ,milit>y ,tribunal %\ld n prim>ily apply t]ritorial p5al law b ! pr9ciples ( int]national law4 ,= ?is v reason ! prosecution po9t$ out t ! jurisdiction & ! judicial au?ority )9 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t 7 ! consequ5ce ( an aggressive w> & c\ld n1 !re=e1 be legally recogniz$4 ,?is concept does n apply4 ,x mu/ fir/ be po9t$ out t ! pr9ciples ( int]national law1 :i* h ! function to regulate legal issues dur+ w>1 make no di/9ction betwe5 an aggressive w>1 a def5sive w>1 or a ju/ifi$ w>4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly /at$ 9 ! ,f\r? ,hague ,conv5tion ( #aijg1 ! s-call$ ,hague ,l& ,w>f>e ,conv5tion4 ,! objection ( ! prosecution is n ju/ifi$ = ano!r reason4 ,! evid5ce be=e ! ,,imt %[$ t ! attack on ,pol& 0 c>ri$ out by ,g]many 9 at lea/ ! same mann] z x 0 c>ri$ out by ! ,u4,s4,s4,r41 & t ?is becomes q evid5t f ! cont5ts ( ! ,g]man-,soviet secret treaty ( #bc ,augu/ #aici4 ,nev]!less ! ,u4,s4,a4 did n hesitate to recognize ! t]ritorial claims made by ! ,u4,s4,s4,r4 9 ! area ( ! =m] ,poli% ,/ate4 ,?is recognition took place de facto z well z de jure dur+ ! ,yalta ,conf]5ce 9 ,febru>y #aide & ! ,potsdam ,conf]5ce on #b ,augu/ #aide4 ,! prosecution _c !re=e object today to ?is /ate ( affairs z f> z ! legal issues aris+ f ?is attack are conc]n$4 ,! ,ord9ance = ,combat+ ,acts ( ,viol5ce 9 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t & ! introduction ( ! c\rts m>tial connect$ ) x w\ld1 by ! way1 h be5 p]missible1 ev5 if ?\gh ! =m] ,poli% ,/ate _h n ceas$ to exi/ z a subject 9 ! realm ( int]national law4 ,milit>y occupation ( =eign /ates 7occupatio bellica71 too1 gives ! occupy+ p[] ! "r to take all ! measures necess>y = ! ma9t5ance ( ord] & safety4 ,x is a g5]ally ackn[l$g$ legal conception t 9 ?is case ! occupy+ p[] takes ov] ! p[] ( ! conqu]$ /ate1 n z its deputy1 b r by au?ority ( its own laws gu>ante$ by int]national law4 ,! "r is expressly ackn[l$g$ 9 ! ?ird section ( ! ,hague ,conv5tion = ,l& ,w>f>e ,section ,,iii1 ,annex to ! ,conv5tion4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! introduction ( c\rts m>tial is "o ( ^! rights ( ! occupy+ p[]4 ,9 fact x seems inconceivable t an occupy+ p[] %\ld n be all[$ to take measures = ! effective combat+ ( a resi/ance movem5t1 ^: sole & op5ly admitt$ purpose x 0 to und]m9e & de/roy ! au?ority ( ! occupy+ p[] & ! safety ( ! occupation troops4 ,! "r to d ?is c be conte/$ ev5 less 9 our case1 s9ce ) ! outbreak ( ! ,g]man-,soviet w>1 ! t]ritory ( ! =m] ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t became ! l>ge/ milit>y transit area :i* has ev] exi/$ 9 ! hi/ory ( w>4 ,! me?ods by :i* ! ,poli% ,resi/ance ,movem5t tri$ to atta9 its goals d n ne$ to be exam9$ "h 9 detail4 ,x is suffici5t to po9t out t ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t 0 9 a position to int]f]e to a consid]able ext5t ) ,g]man ,army re9=cem5ts aga9/ ! ,r$ ,army2 ?is int]f]5ce took ! =m ( bla/+ ( bridges1 transmission ( important milit>y in=mation1 etc4 ,! ,poli% wom5 us$ = ! sulfanilamide exp]im5ts 7 memb]s ( ?is ,resi/ance ,movem5t & !y support$ x :]ev] !y c\ld4 ,h[ev] mu* we respect ! c\rage & patriotism ( ^! wom51 we _c refra9 f emphasiz+ ! fact t !y violat$ laws :i* at t "t 7 b9d+ = !m4 ,?is violation gave ! occupation p[] ! "r to impose adequate puni%m5t ^u !m4 ,x seems un?9kable t ! memb]s ( a resi/ance movem5t su* z ! ,poli% "o w\ld n h be5 s5t5c$ to dea? dur+ ! w> = _! resi/ance activities by any o!r /ate :i* f\nd itself 9 a position simil> to t ( ,g]many at t "t4 ,late/ developm5ts %[ t ! occupation p[]s 9 ,g]many n[ d n hesitate to impose ! mo/ sev]e p5alties 9 simil> cases4 ,= example1 ! ,am]ican ,milit>y ,gov]nm5t = ,g]many 9 its ,ord9ance ,no4 #a1 :i* 0 issu$ to insure ! safety ( ! ,alli$ ,arm$ ,=ces & to ree/abli% public ord] 9 ! t]ritory occupi$ by !m1 li/s1 among o!rs1 ! foll[+ acts z crimes puni%able by dea?3 ,communication ( in=mation :i* may be dang]\s to ! security or prop]ty ( ! ,alli$ ,=ces1 or unau?oriz$ possession ( su* in=mation )\t promptly report+ x2 & unau?oriz$ communication by code or ciph]2 ,int]f]5ce ) transportation or communication or ! op]ation ( any public s]vice or utility2 ,any o!r violation ( ! laws ( w> or act 9 aid ( ! enemy or endang]+ ! security ( ! ,alli$ ,=ces4 ,a comp>ison ( ^! regulations ) ! cont5ts ( ! c\rt m>tial regulations ( ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al = ! ,occupi$ ,poli% ,t]ritories1 pres5t$ 9 ,docum5t ,book ,,ii = ! def5dant ,gebh>dt1 %[s cle>ly t "h g5]ally ! same facts 7 decl>$ to be puni%able ) ! dea? s5t5ce4 ,9 ord] to exclude any d\bts ) reg>d to ! legal /atus ( ! exp]im5tal subjects1 x may be po9t$ out 9 conclusion t ! memb]s ( ! ,poli% ,resi/ance ,movem5ts1 at lea/ :5 ! prison]s belong$ to ^! movem5ts1 did n fulfill ! conditions ( ,article ,i ( ! ,hague ,conv5tion = ,l& ,w>f>e ( #aijg ,section ,i1 ,*apt] ,i1 ,annex to ! ,conv5tion conc]n+ militia & volunt>y corps n affiliat$ ) ! army & hav+ a c]ta9 milit>y organization4 ,! ,poli% ,resi/ance ,movem5t at t "t 7#a7 _h no lead] :o 0 o/5sibly at its head & responsible = ! conduct ( ! memb]s2 7#b7 x wore no p>ticul> badge recognizable f a di/ance2 7#c7 x did n we> its arms op5ly2 & f9ally1 7#d7 9 its conduct ( w> x disreg>d$ ! laws & practices ( w>4 ,9 view ( ^! facts ! memb]s ( ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t c\ld n h be5 treat$ z prison]s ( w> ev5 if at t "t a ,poli% ,army _h /ill be5 9 ! field4 ,9 view ( ! fact t ! prison]s 9 "q 7 wom5 s]v+ 9 ! communications & espionage bran*es ( ! ,resi/ance ,movem5t1 ?is possibility 0 elim9at$ f ! v beg9n+4 99 99 99 99 99 ----- #aeh ,clos+ /atem5t is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ad ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajgah-ajgif4 #aei ,trial ( ! ,major ,w> ,crim9als1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bed1 ,nuremb]g1 #aidg4 #afj ,ibid4 #afa ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ae ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajhgd-ajiaa4 ,e4 ,volunt>y ,p>ticipation ( ,exp]im5tal ,subjects a4 ,introduction ,!re 0 consid]able cont5tion 9 ! case z to :e!r an inmate ( a ,g]man conc5tration camp c\ld give 8 volunt>y cons5t to p>ticipate 9 m$ical exp]im5ts4 ,! prosecution argum5tation on ?is po9t appe>s 9 ! op5+ /atem5t on pages #bg-gd & 9 ! clos+ /atem5t4 ,! applicable extract f ! clos+ /atem5t ( ! prosecution appe>s bel[ on pages #ihj to #ihc4 ,selections f ! def5se argum5tation on ?is po9t h be5 tak5 f ! clos+ brief = ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t & f ! f9al plea = ! def5dant ,ruff4 ,^! appe> bel[ on pages #ihc to #iib4 ,! foll[+ selections f ! te/imony h be5 tak5 f ! evid5ce on ?is po9t3 ,extracts f ! direct exam9ation ( ! prosecution witness ,dr4 ,eug5 ,kogon1 & extracts f ! cross-exam9ation & r$irect exam9ation ( ! prosecution's exp]t witness ,dr4 ,&rew ,c4 ,ivy4 ,^! extracts appe> bel[ on pages #iic to #ajjd4 b4 ,selection f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,prosecution ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,prosecution#afb 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is ! mo/ fundam5tal t5et ( m$ical e?ics & human dec5cy t ! subjects volunte] = ! exp]im5t aft] be+ in=m$ ( its nature & haz>ds4 ,?is is a cle> divid+ l9e betwe5 ! crim9al & :at may be noncrim9al4 ,if ! exp]im5tal subjects _c be said to h volunte]$1 !n ! inquiry ne$ proce$ no fur!r4 ,su* is ! simplicity ( ?is case4 ,:at !n is a volunte]8 ,if "o has a f]tile imag9ation1 suppositi\s cases might be put :i* w\ld require a some:at ref9$ judgm5t4 ,no su* problem faces ?is ,tribunal4 ,! pro( is ov]:elm+ t !re 0 nev] ! slighte/ pretext ( us+ volunte]s4 ,x 0 = ! v reason t volunte]s c\ld n be expect$ to und]go ! murd]\s exp]im5ts :i* are ! subject ( ?is trial t ^! def5dants turn$ to ! inexhau/ible pool ( mis]able & oppress$ prison]s 9 ! conc5tration camps4 ,c anyone s]i\sly believe t ,poles1 ,jews1 & ,russians1 or ev5 ,g]mans1 volunt>ily submitt$ !mselves to ! tortures ( ! decompression *amb] & freez+ bas9 9 ,da*au1 ! poison gas *amb] 9 ,natzweil]1 or ! /]ilization ,x-ray ma*9es ( ,aus*witz8 ,is x to be held t ! ,poli% girls 9 ,rav5sbrueck gave _! unfett]$ cons5t to be mutilat$ & kill$ = ! glory ( ! ,?ird ,rei*8 ,0 ! mis]able gypsy :o assault$ ! def5dant ,beiglboeck 9 ?is v c\rtroom a volunt>y p>ticipant 9 ! sea-wat] exp]im5ts8 ,did ! hundr$s ( victims ( ! murd]\s typhus /ations 9 ,bu*5wald & ,natzweil] by any /ret* ( ! imag9ation cons5t to ^? exp]im5ts8 ,! prepond]ance ( ! pro( leaves no d\bt :atev] z to ! answ] to ^! que/ions4 ,! te/imony ( exp]im5tal subjects1 eyewitnesses1 & ! docum5ts ( ! def5dant's own mak+1 e/abli% beyond a %ad[ ( a d\bt t ^! exp]im5tal subjects 7 nonvolunte]s 9 e s5se ( ! ^w4 ,?is fact is n s]i\sly d5i$ by ! def5dants4 ,mo/ ( !m :o p]=m$ ! exp]im5ts !mselves h admitt$ t !y nev] s mu* z ask$ ! subjects :e!r !y 7 volunte]+ = ! exp]im5ts4 ,z to ! legal & moral necessity = cons5t1 ! def5dants pay !oretical lip s]vice1 :ile at ! same "t leav+ ! back door aj> = a ha/y retreat4 ,?us1 x is said t ! totalit>ian 8,/ate0 assum$ ! responsibility = ! designation ( ! exp]im5tal subjects1 & "u su* circum/ances ! m5 :o plann$1 ord]$1 p]=m$1 or o!rwise p>ticipat$ 9 ! exp]im5t _c be held crim9ally responsible ev5 ?\gh nonvolunte]s 7 tortur$ & kill$ z a result4 ,?is 0 p]haps br\ght out mo/ cle>ly z a result ( que/ions put to ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t by ! ,tribunal4 ,:5 ask$ 8 view ( an exp]im5t1 :i* 0 assum$ to h be5 ( highe/ milit>y necessity & ( an involunt>y "* ) resultant dea?s1 ,br&t repli$3 8,9 ?is case ,i am ( ! op9ion t1 consid]+ ! circum/ances ( ! situation ( ! w>1 ?is /ate in/itution1 :i* has laid d[n ! importance ( ! int]e/ ( ! /ate1 at ! same "t takes ! responsibility away f ! physician if su* an exp]im5t ends fatally1 & su* responsibility mu/ !n be borne by ! /ate40 7,tr4 p4 #befg47 ,fur!r que/ion+ elicit$ ! op9ion t ! only man possibly responsible 9 ?is suppositi\s case 0 ,himml]1 :o _h ! p[] ( life & dea? ov] conc5tration camp inmates1 ev5 ?\gh ! exp]im5t may h be5 ord]$1 = example1 by ! ,*ief ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice ( ! ,luftwaffe & execut$ by doctors subord9at$ to him4 ,mo/ ( ! o!r def5dants took a simil> position1 t !y _h no responsibility 9 ! selection ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,?is def5se is1 9 ! view ( ! prosecution1 completely spuri\s4 ,! use ( involunt>y subjects 9 a m$ical exp]im5t is a crime1 & if x results 9 dea? x is ! crime ( murd]4 ,any p>ty to ! exp]im5t is guilty ( murd] & t guilt _c be escap$ by hav+ a ?ird p]son supply ! victims4 ,! p]son plann+1 ord]+1 support+1 or execut+ ! exp]im5t is "u a duty1 bo? moral & legal1 to see to x t ! exp]im5t is prop]ly p]=m$4 ,?is duty _c be delegat$4 ,x is surely incumb5t on ! doctor p]=m+ ! exp]im5t to satisfy himself t ! subjects volunte]$ aft] hav+ be5 in=m$ ( ! nature & haz>ds ( ! exp]im5t4 ,if !y are n volunte]s1 x is 8 duty to report to 8 sup]iors & discont9ue ! exp]im5t4 ,^! def5dants h compet$ ) ea* o!r 9 feign+ complete ignorance ab\t ! cons5t ( ! exp]im5tal victims4 ,!y knew1 z ! evid5ce proves1 t ! mis]able inmates did n volunte] to be tortur$ & kill$4 ,b ev5 assum+ ! impossible1 t !y did n "k1 x is _! damnation n _! exon]ation4 ,k c\ld h be5 obta9$ by ! simple exp$i5t ( ask+ ! subjects4 ,! duty ( inquiry c\ld n be cle>] & _c be avoid$ by su* lame excuses z 8,i und]/ood !y 7 volunte]s10 or1 8,himml] assur$ me !y 7 volunte]s40 ,9 ?is connection1 x %\ld nev] be lo/ sight ( t ^! exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ 9 conc5tration camps on conc5tration camp inmates4 ,h[ev] little1 "s ( ^! def5dants say !y knew ( ! lawless jungles :i* 7 conc5tration camps1 :]e viol5t dea?1 torture1 & />vation made up ! daily life ( ! inmates1 !y at lea/ knew t !y 7 places ( t]ror :]e all p]sons oppos$ to ! ,nazi gov]nm5t 7 imprison$ )\t trial1 :]e ,jews & ,poles & o!r s-call$ 8racial inf]iors0 7 inc>c]at$ = no crime :atev]1 unless _! race or religion be a crime4 ,^! simple facts 7 kn[n dur+ ! w> to p all ov] ! _w4 ,h[ mu* great] !n 0 ! duty ( ^! def5dants to det]m9e v c>efully ! volunt>y "* ( ^! exp]im5tal subjects :o 7 s conv5i5tly available4 ,true x is t ^! def5dants are n *>g$ ) responsibility = ! manifold complex ( crimes :i* made up ! conc5tration camp sy/em4 ,b x _c be held t !y c\ld ent] ! gates ( ! ,inf]no & say 9 effect3 8,br+ =w>d ! subjects4 ,i see no evil2 ,i he> no evil2 ,i speak no evil40 ,!y ask$ no que/ions4 ,!y did n inquire ( ! inmates z to su* details z cons5t1 nationality1 :e!r a trial _h be5 held1 :at crime _h be5 committ$1 & ! l4 ,!y did n because !y knew t ! wret*$ inmates did n volunte] = _! exp]im5ts & 7 n expect$ to volunte]4 ,!y embrac$ ! ,nazi doctr9es & ! ,nazi way ( life4 ,! ?+s ^! def5dants did 7 ! result ( ! noxi\s m]g] ( ,g]man milit>ism & ,nazi racial objectives4 ,:51 9 ! face ( a critical %ortage ( typhus vacc9es to protect ! ,wehrma*t 9 its ,ea/]n invasions1 ,h&los] & 8 cohorts decid$ t animal exp]im5tation 0 too sl[1 ! inmates ( ,bu*5wald 7 sacrific$ by ! hundr$s to te/ new vacc9es4 ,:5 ,s*ro$] want$ to det]m9e ! limit ( human tol]ance ( sea-wat]1 he trod ! pa? well-worn by ! ,luftwaffe to ,da*au & got =ty gypsies4 ,^! def5dants ) _! eyes op5 us$ ! oppress$ & p]secut$ victims ( ! ,nazi regime to wr+ f _! wret*$ & unwill+ bodies a drop ( sci5tific in=mation at a co/ ( dea?1 torture1 mutilation1 & p]man5t disability4 ,= ^! palpable crimes ju/ice dem&s /]n retribution4 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,selections f ! ,argum5tation ( ! ,def5se ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,clos+ ,,brief ,,= ,,def5dant ,,k>l ,,br&t 99 99 99 99 99 ,volunt>y ,p>ticipation ,exp]im5ts on p]sons :o (f] !mselves volunt>ily h always be5 consid]$ admissible4 ,9 lit]>y works c>e is always tak5 to note ?is volunt>9ess2 :]e x is n m5tion$1 "o may conclude t x 0 nonexi/5t4 ,! int]e/ tak5 9 ! volunt>9ess ( ! p]son exp]im5t$ ^u has v>i\s reasons4 ,fir/ ( all ! compulsory exp]im5t--9 contra/ to ! volunt>y exp]im5t--means an additional1 v heavy m5tal /ra91 = ! exp]im5t] s9ce ! heal? & life ( a human be+ may be at /ake & ! future exi/5ce ( ! p]son exp]im5t$ ^u may be imp]il$4 ,b ! exp]im5t] has n only a purely human int]e/ 9 hav+ ! p]son to be exp]im5t$ ^u (f] himself ) a c]ta9 volunt>9ess2 9 _m cases he mu/ absolutely dep5d on ! coop]ation ( ! p]son exp]im5t$ on2 he ne$s tru?ful in=mation ab\t obs]vations made dur+ ! exp]im5t1 :i* _c o!rwise be c>ri$ out prop]ly4 ,comp>e = in/ance ! high-altitude & sea-wat] exp]im5ts4 ,f9ally !re may exi/ ! wi% to be protect$ aga9/ claims = damages & to prev5t ! uncov]+ ( legal provisions1 z well z to gu>d aga9/ ! possible political odium t might result f hav+ giv5 ord]s = a =c$ exp]im5t4 ,h[ev]1 "o look at ! lit]ature %[s t ! notion ( volunt>9ess is /rongly suspect1 & e critical read] w 9 mo/ cases associate himself ) su* suspicions4 ,! subjection to an exp]im5t :i* is dang]\s or ev5 only pa9ful or tempor>ily on]\s mu/ be bas$ on a special motive4 ,e?ical reasons alone c give rise to volunt>9ess /rictly speak+ only 9 ! case ( ! rese>*] himself1 t is 9 self-exp]im5ts1 & 9 ! case ( p]sons :o = e?ical reasons consci\sly wi% to support by _! coop]ation ! aims ( ! rese>*]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,h[ev]1 if a decl>ation ( volunt>9ess is made = reasons ( inexp]i5ce1 ?\ghtlessness1 or di/ress1 !n x is une?ical4 ,into ?is category fall cases :]e p]sons are induc$ to und]go exp]im5ts ?r\gh promise ( money or o!r advantages1 :ile !y d n =esee ! mean+ ( ! exp]im5ts4 ,^! are ! weak1 :o1 unprotect$1 are made to s]ve ! int]e/s ( humanity4 ,comp>e ) ?is ! case ( ! use ( immigrants = exp]im5ts4 7,beck]-,freys5g #fj;a1 ,beck]-,freys5g ,ex4 #ei47 ,! category "h ( p>ticul> int]e/ is t ( prison]s :o (f] !mselves volunt>ily4 ,fir/ ( all1 "o _c assume t ! e?ical level 9 a p5it5ti>y is s high above t ( free m5 t "h a great numb] ( prison]s w\ld (f] !mselves = p>ticipation 9 an exp]im5t volunt>ily only = purely e?ical reasons4 ,on ! contr>y1 "o c say t all prison]s are liv+ "u a c]ta9 compulsion4 ,!y expect f _! p>ticipation 9 ! exp]im5t an improvem5t ( _! position or fe> a wors5+ 9 case ( refusal4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! regulations ab\t ! treatm5t ( prison]s may be fix$1 9 practice !re rema9s 9 ?is p>ticul> _w a v wide scope = ! puni%m5t ( prison]s ) measures :i*1 z exp]i5ce %[s1 may hit ! prison] mu* m sev]ely & m griev\sly ?an ! s5t5ce ( ! judge itself4 ,if ! motive ( ! prison] = 8 8volunt>y (f]0 is m]ely a g5]al & vague hope1 9 any direction1 !n !re is no g5u9e decl>ation ( volunt>9ess1 b ! cons5t is m]ely ! (f-%oot ( 8 condition ( con/ra9t4 ,two ?+s h to be consid]$ ) reg>d to ! prison]'s decl>ation ( volunt>y cons5t2 ! risk :i* he und]goes & ! advantage t is (f]$ him4 ,"o c only give "o's cons5t to some?+ ( :i* "o kn[s ! full mean+ & importance4 ,! prison] mu/ !re=e h be5 fully in=m$ ( ! possible consequ5ces4 ,"h only lies ! real problem ( 8volunt>9ess40 ,x is n en\gh t ! p]son to be exp]im5t$ ^u kn[s t1 = in/ance1 a mal>ia exp]im5t is to be made2 he mu/ also "k j h[ ! p>ticul> p]son is to be us$4 ,! fir/ easy s]ies ( exp]im5ts _c be comp>$ ) ! d>+ f9al exp]im5ts4 ,:o is go+ to (f] himself = ! ultimate exp]im5t necess>y if ! o!r p]sons to be exp]im5t$ on get (f m lightly8 ,:at 0 ! nature ( ! cons5t8 ,pr(essor ,ivy z exp]t witness has said no?+ ab\t ?is problem4 ,z a matt] ( fact a p]son to be exp]im5t$ on c h>dly e/imate ! risk1 & ! recruit+ (fic] w n be incl9$ to give a frightful description ( :at may happ54 ,pr(essor ,ivy1 :o has recruit$ volunte]s himself1 does n consid] exp]im5ts to be an evil4 ,if y add t ! 8volunte] prison]0 has to =ego all claims 9 case ( injury to 8 heal?1 !n ! cons5t ( ! prison] _c be consid]$ z valid4 ,on ! o!r h& ! prison] mu/ "k ! advantage promis$ him z 8 comp5sation mu/ be 9 suitable relation to ! sev]ity ( ! exp]im5t & ! rew>d mu/ be assur$ to ! prison]4 ,if ! advantage is /rik+ly disproportionate to ! risk & giv5 z an act ( grace )\t claim aft] ! conclusion ( ! exp]im5t1 !n !re is no volunt>y exp]im5t2 x rema9s a =c$ exp]im5t4 ,only if bo? basic conditions are fully met w x be possible = ! prison] to make a free decision4 ,he may !n all[ 8 possible dea? to be includ$ 9 ! b>ga9 9 ord] to ga9 ! *ance ( %ort5+ ! "t ( 8 imprisonm5t by ye>s4 ,su* a case is depict$ 9 ! well kn[n pellagra exp]im5ts1 :]e ) ! collaboration ( attorneys z def5se c\nsellors1 ! conditions 7 agre$ ^u by ! prison adm9i/ration4 7,k>l ,br&t #dg1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ed2 ,beck]-,freys5g #fj;a1 ,beck]-,freys5g ,ex4 #ei47 ,?is is ! classical case ( a volunt>y exp]im5t 9 prison4 ,x w n always be possible or necess>y to fix ! advantage 9 ! same mann]2 ! (ficial promise ( ! prison in/itute may be suffici5t to exclude an arbitr>y d5ial ( ! promise4 ,examples = t are ! leprosy exp]im5ts on a p]son condemn$ to dea?1 & ! cont9u\s exp]im5ts 9 ! p5it5ti>y ,bilibid4 7,beck]-,freys5g #fj;a1 ,beck]-,freys5g ,ex4 #ei47 ,^! exp]im5ts mu/1 be consid]$ admissible z exp]im5ts :]e a *ance is giv54 ,! examples f m$ical lit]ature1 h[ev]1 %[ t ^! g5]al conditions = volunt>9ess 7 n always fulfill$4 ,s we ref] only to ! exp]im5ts 9 ! p5it5ti>y ,san ,qu5t9 ) /reptococci on #be convicts 9 #aidf4 7,beck]-,freys5g #fj;a1 ,beck]-,freys5g ,ex4 #ei47 ,accord+ly1 ev5 exp]im5ts c>ri$ out on p]sons )\t _! cons5t mu/ be consid]$ admissible4 ,involunt>9ess ,!re are "s examples ( exp]im5ts c>ri$ out abroad :i* 7 c>ri$ out z compulsory exp]im5ts on prison]s )\t _! cons5t4 ,z an example may be m5tion$ ! poison+ exp]im5t c>ri$ out 9 ,manila on #aa prison]s s5t5c$ to dea?4 7,beck]-,freys5g #fj;a1 ,beck]-,freys5g ,ex4 #ei47 ,! p]sons subject$ to exp]im5ts 7 execut$ imm$iately aft] z "p ( ! exp]im5t4 ,! mal>ia exp]im5t c>ri$ out on #hjj prison]s has to be m5tion$ too4 ,accord+ to an explicit /atem5t 9 ! press1 no advantages 7 grant$ !m 9 return4 7,k>l ,br&t #a1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #a47 ,! me?od describ$ by ! witness ,ivy 0 introduc$ lat] on z a practice ( ! adm9i/ration4 ,x is evid5t t 9 ^! cases no decl>ations ( volunt>9ess c\ld h be5 made because no crim9al :o is s5t5c$ to dea? w make himself available fir/ = exp]im5ts :]e he has no *ance1 unless !re is "s hope ( a favor %[n to him4 ,b 9 ! case ( poison+ exp]im5ts !re 0 no "q ( commutation ( ! s5t5ce because ! purpose ( ! exp]im5t 0 ! /udy ( ! effect ( poison on corpses4 ,?us1 execution 0 includ$ z "p ( ! exp]im5t4 ,conc]n+ ! mal>ia exp]im5ts ! press notice explicitly said t no privileges ( any k9d 7 grant$1 !reby ref]r+ to ! task ( ! prison]s1 z 8social p>asites01 to help fight ! mosquitoes z equal social p>asites4 ,"o mu/ conclude t compulsory exp]im5ts are admissible1 b "o _c draw ! conclusion t ! /ate is au?oriz$ to use ! prison]s at r&om = any exp]im5t :atev] by way ( puni%m5t4 ,! gravity ( ! exp]im5t mu/ /& 9 a c]ta9 proportion to ! gravity ( ! crime4 ,! expiation mu/ be su* z c be expect$4 ,?is v idea ( ! reasonabl5ess ( ! dem& is express$ 9 ! mal>ia exp]im5t m5tion$ :]e ref]5ce is made to ! socially negative attitude ( ! p]sons subject$ to exp]im5ts1 ?us apply+ ! idea ( expiation4 ,! same fundam5tal idea might h l$ to ! resolution to use consci5ti\s objectors = ! exp]im5ts4 ,x seems t "h expiation has be5 dem&$ f ! same po9t ( view ( a socially inimical attitude4 ,x does n seem unfair if a consci5ti\s objector1 z a des]t]1 is subject$ to exp]im5ts if he adopts ?is attitude only 9 w>time & if ?is attitude helps him to escape beh9d prison walls1 ?us )draw+ f dang]s :i* ! soldi] at ! front has to be> = ! sake ( ! community4 ,= ! soldi]1 ?is dang] may consi/ 9 a dang]\s epidemic disease1 to :i* he is expos$ 9 w>time especially4 ,! idea ( compulsory exp]im5ts 9 ! s5se ( an exp]im5t ( expiation has be5 propos$ z an expiation measure ) reg>d to prison]s ( w> & political prison]s & has n be5 object$ to ev5 by ! public4 ,s ! less e?ically ori5tat$ op9ion ( ! day frequ5tly expresses ! view t exp]im5ts on crim9als %\ld be c>ri$ out = ! purpose ( expiation4 ,ev5 9 ! press ^! op9ions h _! repres5tatives4 ,s among o!rs a ref]5ce appe>$ 9 ! ,london pap] 8,! ,p0 ( #c ,m>* #aidf 7,k>l ,br&t #aadafc7 ,!re ! foll[+ is said3 8,p believe t all ^! m5 7! def5dants at ! ,int]national ,milit>y ,tribunal7 w die4 ,x is ! op9ion ( _m t !y ought to h di$ mon?s ago & ought to h be5 %ot ?ree days aft] arre/ by c\rt-m>tial s5t5ce4 ,o!rs are ( ! op9ion t !y %\ld expiate _! crimes by be+ subject$ to canc]1 leprosy1 & tub]culosis exp]im5ts40 ,x is significant 9 ?is exc]pt t x is a well-kn[n ,engli% au?or1 ,llewellyn :o passes x on1 & he does n adopt a disapprov+ attitude to x4 ,accord+ly1 x c be asc]ta9$ t su* exp]im5ts ( expiation on political oppon5ts1 prison]s ( w>1 & civilians c be look$ ^u z reasonable & admissible1 if ^! p]sons1 z convict$ crim9als1 are subject to puni%m5t & if ! law relat+ to ! s]v+ ( s5t5ces p]mits exp]im5ts ( t k9d4 ,! ,g5eva ,conv5tion 9 ,article #df provides = a re/riction only ins(> z no puni%m5ts may be inflict$ on prison]s ( w> ap>t f ^? t are admissible = memb]s ( ! army ( "o's own c\ntry2 ! same mu/ be appli$ to civilians4 ,9 comp>ison ) ?is1 no re/rictions exi/ ) reg>d to ! execution ( puni%m5t 9 cases ( crim9al (f5ses4 ,!re=e ! p5al execution law1 admissible 9 ea* /ate1 c be appli$4 ,if !re=e compulsory exp]im5ts = expiation c be c>ri$ out on an ,am]ican citiz51 !y c\ld be appli$ 9 ! same way to a ,g]man prison] ( w>1 assum+ t ! latt] has be5 s5t5c$ "u p5al law4 ,9 accordance ) ?is1 ! same mu/ be admissible 9 ! execution ( ,g]man p5al law if ! =eign prison] has be5 legally s5t5c$ to puni%m5t4 ,! =eign crim9al is n 9 a bett] position ?an ! subject ( "o's own c\ntry4 ,! compulsory exp]im5t mu/ h its limits4 ,"h "o mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 responsibility = ! arrangem5t ( ! exp]im5t & = its conduct4 ,9 bo? cases ! physician c h a %>e 9 x4 ,! decision = ! conduct ( exp]im5ts on human be+s c come f two sides1 diff]5t 9 "*4 ,! dem& c result f urg5cy 9 ! int]e/s ( ! community & c be v9dicat$ by ! /ate4 ,dur+ ! w>1 exp]im5ts c be dem&$ by ! arm$ =ces 9 case ( epidemics to be expect$1 su* z mal>ia1 typhus1 & ! l4 ,on ! o!r h& ! sugge/ion c come f ! rese>* side itself1 :i* p]ceives a possibility ( combat+ an evid5t /ate ( di/ress1 ?r\gh ! progress ( m$ical sci5ce1 & also dem&s exp]im5ts = ! sake ( ! community4 ,! decision conc]n+ ! necessity = su* exp]im5ts is a decision ( usefulness tak5 by ! /ate1 consequ5tly a political decision1 signify+ a balanc+ ( exp5diture & ( success to be expect$ or hop$ =4 ,!re are diff]5t k9ds ( que/ions :i* h to be decid$2 fir/ ( all !re are economic que/ions to be solv$ by ! compet5t au?orities2 i4 e41 f9ancial que/ions1 supply ( speciali/s1 laboratories & s on4 ,responsible = x are (fices ) means & possibilities available1 :i* c dispose ( !m accord+ to _! own judgm5t4 ,^! (fices are divid$ fur!r accord+ to _! special int]e/ 9 individual special sph]es1 su* z air navigation1 ,wehrma*t1 & ! l4 ,no decisions c be made by an au?ority )\t any means at its disposal2 ?is is valid = in/ance = ! (fice 8,sci5ce & ,rese>*0 ( ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t1 :i* fulfill$ only a record+ & coord9at+ function )9 c]ta9 m$ical sph]es4 ,evid5tly ! activity ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil 0 *iefly t ( an organ ( control & _h to elim9ate sup]flu\s rese>* dur+ ! w> by refusal ( subsidies 9 ord] to help ! small numb] ( speciali/s & mat]ial by allotm5t ( priority rat+s & f9ancial means4 ,?is 0 ! task ( ! ,rei* ,rese>* ,c\ncil & 9 ! m$ical sph]e ?is "p ( its g5]al regulat+ activity 0 v small4 ,^! (fices _h no p[] ( decision z to :e!r exp]im5ts on human be+s c\ld be made or n1 & !y c\ld n h x4 ,! (fice :i* regulat$ ! infliction ( puni%m5t & dispos$ ( human be+s subject$ to exp]im5ts 0 ! only (fice to take decisions4 ,?is corresponds to :at is kn[n ab\t ! conduct ( exp]im5ts on human be+s abroad1 :]e ! decision 0 also tak5 by adm9i/rative (fices4 ,! au?ority = ! infliction ( puni%m5ts1 z ! au?oritative (fice ( ! /ate1 makes its indep5d5t decision :ile politically balanc+ ! necessity = arrang+ exp]im5ts 9 ! int]e/s ( ! community aga9/ :at c be expect$ ( ! condemn$4 ,appli$ to ,g]man conditions dur+ ! w> x means ! foll[+3 ,if ! condemn$ are "u ! control ( ! au?orities ( ju/ice compet5t = ! execution ( s5t5ces1 ! responsibility re/s ^u ! ,rei* ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice2 if ! execution ( s5t5ces is c>ri$ out by ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss & ! ,*ief ( ,police 9 ! conc5tration camps1 ! latt] has to be responsible = x4 ,9 ?is situation ! responsibility ( a physician c be ( value = a decision only s f> z he gives a false exp]t op9ion ab\t ! prospects ( ! exp]im5t4 ,! gov]nm5t has to make ! f9al decision ab\t ! admissibility ( exp]im5ts on human be+s2 ! gov]nm5t only has to decide :e!r exp]im5ts on human be+s are necess>y 9 ord] to combat dang]s & injury to heal?1 z x is responsible = ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to heal?4 ,9 connection ) ?is comp>e ! regulation ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t 9 #aheh = ! purpose ( cle>+ up ! "q conc]n+ ! treatm5t ( second>y syphilis & ! exp]im5ts made on human be+s4 7,k>l ,br&t #dh1 ,k>l ,br&t ,ex4 #ee47 ,9 w> "t1 ! decision is also condition$ by consid]ations conc]n+ ! pres]vation ( ! /ate1 :i* are dep5d5t on w> conditions4 ,epidemic diseases c h a decisive influ5ce on ! result ( ! w> & might 9 ! end be ( a great] importance ?an battles1 z = in/ance ! plague dur+ ! siege ( ,a!ns1 or typhus dur+ ! advance ( ,napoleon into ,russia4 ,biological w>f>e is ! result & 0 prep>$ int5sively by ! enemies ( ,g]many1 z ! =eign press op5ly in=m$ u4 ,9 ! same way z ! /ate dem&s ! dea? ( its be/ m5 z soldi]s1 x is entitl$ to ord] ! dea? ( ! condemn$ 9 its battle aga9/ epidemics & diseases4 ,no antique sacrifices to gods & demons are dem&$ any long]1 only a well consid]$ expiation z a help = ! community & inde$ exclusively 9 its int]e/4 ,! actual responsibility ( ! physician lies 9 ! conduct ( ! exp]im5t itself4 ,! exp]im5t has to be conduct$ by ! physician1 b ! political responsibility = x re/s ^u ! /ate1 :ile ! physician is responsible = its conduct4 ,if ! physician consid]s t an exp]im5t is n feasible x c become a crime & ! physician has to refuse to c>ry x out4 ,9 c>ry+ out ! exp]im5t e att5tion mu/ be paid to all regulations ( m$ical practice conc]n+ m$ical rese>* at ! "t4 ,all possible prelim9>y exp]im5ts conduct$ on models h to be made be=e exp]im5ts on human be+s are />t$4 ,t means t prelim9>y exp]im5ts 9 laboratories1 exp]im5ts on animals & s on1 h to be conduct$4 ,9 case ( ne$ ev5 exp]im5ts c>ri$ out on ! rese>*]'s own p]son belong to ! prelim9>y exp]im5ts4 ,g5]ally1 responsibility = ! ext5t ( ! exp]im5ts re/s ^u ! physician4 ,9 ! arrangem5t ( ! exp]im5ts ! numb] ( ! p]sons select$ = exp]im5ts mu/ be z great z necess>y 9 ! int]e/s ( ! result ( ! exp]im5t1 b 9 ! int]e/s ( ! p]sons select$ = ! exp]im5t ! numb] mu/ be z small z possible4 ,! conduct ( ! exp]im5t mu/ be correct & excesses :i* c\ld increase its dang] h to be avoid$4 ,f9ally1 ! exp]im5t mu/ be /opp$ by ! physician if x is evid5t t ! expect$ result is atta9$ or mo/ probably w n be atta9$4 ,! assignm5t ( p]sons ne$$ = an exp]im5t 9 ! c\rse ( infliction ( puni%m5t c take place only at ! in/igation ( ! executory (fice 9 ^: cu/ody ! prison] is held4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t _m p]sons us$ = exp]im5ts 7 =eign]s1 & t ?is fact %\ld h prev5t$ exp]im5ts on !m4 ,9 ?is connection ! foll[+ ref]5ce is made3 ,x is a fact t /rong resi/ance movem5ts 9 ! ,we/1 & especially 9 ! ,ea/1 wag$ a total p>tisan w> aga9/ ! ,g]man troops & caus$ bloody sacrifices4 ,int]national law does n object to capital puni%m5t = p>ticipants 9 illegal combat & illicit sudd5 attacks aga9/ memb]s ( ! occupation army4 ,if1 !re=e1 in/ead ( ! p]missible execution ( capital puni%m5t1 mitigation ?r\gh an attempt at expiation occurs1 special consid]ation %\ld be giv5 to ?is fact4 ,! reproa* t no exp]im5ts %\ld h be5 made on political prison]s contradicts ! fact t ! political oppon5t1 9 all c\ntries & at all times1 has 9 mo/ cases be5 puni%$ m sev]ely ?an ! crim9al1 namely on ! basis ( crim9al law gov]n+ treason1 espionage1 & contrav5tion ( w> measures1 i4 e41 political ord]s4 ,ref]5ce is h]eby made to ! fact t e occupation army ?reat5s capital puni%m5t = _m1 o!rwise insignificant1 (f5ses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,f9al ,,plea ,,= ,,def5dant ,,ruff#afd 99 99 99 99 99 ,prison]s z volunt>y exp]im5t$ subjects ,! "q has repeat$ly come up 9 ?is trial :e!r or n ! exp]im5tal subjects 9 ! ,da*au high-altitude exp]im5ts by ,ruff-,romb]g 7 volunte]s1 al?\gh ! p 7 9 det5tion1 t is to say1 indisputably "u duress4 ,! exp]t ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,leibbr&t has held to 8 "o-sid$ op9ion 9 ?is respect too1 & has advocat$ ! !ory t prison]s c nev] be reg>d$ z volunte]s4 ,?is op9ion is d\btlessly false2 9 o!r times1 ! exp]t p]haps w\ld n h support$ x4 ,= ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9 o!r cases also accepts legally b9d+ /atem5ts ( prison]s1 & does n ?9k ( decl>+ !m legally ineffective1 only = ! reason t ! prison] 9 consequ5ce ( 8 imprisonm5t f9ds himself 9 an emb>rass+ situation1 & !re=e n completely ma/] ( 8 own free w4 ,"o surely is n mi/ak5 9 suppos+ t none ( ! def5dants1 ev5 if he has ev] su* great exp]i5ce z a m$ical man1 at t "t ?\ght )\t exception ( all ! possibilities :i* we h to consid] n[1 :5 = _m mon?s we h _h to se>* = ! legal basis ( ! :ole problem ( human exp]im5ts1 & h _h to ?9k ( all ev5tualities4 ,accord+ to 8 s5tim5t1 at t "t ea* physician & rese>* man said to himself3 ,if ! exp]im5tal subject agrees to ! exp]im5t1 ev]y?+ is all "r4 ,= ?is always appe>$ to ! physicians to be ! highe/ pr9ciple3 ,an exp]im5t is legal if ! exp]im5tal subject agrees to x1 provid$ t ! physician obs]ves ! necess>y c>e :5 p]=m+ ! exp]im5t4 ,z prov$ "h by ?is trial1 !re exi/s 9 no c\ntry a writt5 law regulat+ ! legal conditions ( exp]im5ts on humans4 ,on ! o!r side1 h[ev]1 ! human exp]im5t is su* a f>-rea*+ & (t5 su* an indisp5sable matt] t "o might speak ( an unwritt5 law1 :i* g5]ally & tacitly is accept$ & ackn[l$g$ by ! :ole _w4 ,c\nsel = "s ( ! def5dants h demon/rat$ to ! ,tribunal 9 _! docum5t books ! op9ion ( ! :ole _w on ?is unwritt5 law1 9 ! mo/ v>y+ degrees1 f ! absolutely h>mless to ! absolutely deadly exp]im5t1 & has c]ta9ly !reby compil$ valuable mat]ial :i* is suitable = =m+ ! basis ( a codification ( ?is unwritt5 m$ical law & to %[ safe future roads = ! developm5t ( ju/ice 9 ?is sph]e4 ,lack+ a writt5 law1 ! physician & rese>* man ev5 today c only recognize ! conv5tional legal concept z a rule = 8 conduct z express$ 9 int]national m$ical lit]ature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 read+ ?is int]national lit]ature1 h[ev]1 !re _c be any d\bt t ! volunte]+ ( ! exp]im5tal subjects w>rants 9 e case ! legality ( human exp]im5ts1 & t1 !re=e1 ! m s5tim5tal attitude ( our rese>* work]s 0 "r :51 because ( _! k ( int]national lit]ature1 !y made ! "q ( ! legality ( human exp]im5ts dep5d 9 ! fir/ place on ! volunt>9ess ( ! exp]im5tal subjects4 ,z f> z "o c see1 int]national m$ical lit]ature up to date n[h]e repres5ts ! op9ion t ! cons5t ( a prison] is ineffective because1 by reason ( 8 imprisonm5t1 he _h no free w4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 _m cases x has tak5 an important /ep =w>d1 & _h frequ5tly1 )\t meet+ any opposition1 report$ on exp]im5ts p]=m$ on prison]s ^: cons5t 0 n reg>d$ z ess5tial4 ,_m exp]im5ts1 "s ( :i* 7 report$ on "h 9 ,c\rt1 & "s ( :i* are describ$ 9 ! docum5ts submitt$ by ! def5se1 demon/rate cle>ly t obvi\sly ! op9ion prevails ev]y:]e t 9 ! case ( prison]s1 9 p>ticul> ^? :o h be5 s5t5c$ to dea?1 ! cons5t ( ! prison] to ! exp]im5t c be replac$ by ! p]mission ( ! au?orities1 ev5 9 ! case ( exp]im5ts :i* 7 v dang]\s & :]e fatalities occurr$ 9 m or less l>ge numb]s4 ,! publi%$ reports also talk ab\t ! numb] ( dea?s 9 ! exp]im5ts describ$1 "s slightly cam\flag$ b to a l>ge ext5t op5ly1 )\t ! rese>* work] or ! read] realiz+ t murd]\s actions 7 be+ report$1 because o!rwise ! reaction w\ld h be5 a completely diff]5t "o4 ,! "q becomes p>ticul>ly acute if ^! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out 9 a totalit>ian /ate or dur+ a total w>4 ,x is n ! po9t 9 ?is connection :e!r a dictatorial regime is desirable or %\ld be reject$1 nor :e!r a w> z su* appe>s to be crim9al 7= example because x w be judg$ z an aggressive w> lat] on72 ! attitude t1 "u su* exceptional conditions z exi/ 9 a dictator%ip or total w>1 ev5 life-endang]+ exp]im5ts on human be+s may p]haps be m ju/ifi$ ?an "u normal conditions is obvi\sly bas$ on ! ?\ght t ! /ate gov]n$ by dictator%ip c & w ask = great] sacrifices1 f crim9als too1 especially dur+ total w>4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! foll[+ ?\ght appe>s to h occurr$ to _m a def5dant dur+ ?is trial3 ,dur+ a total w> ! /ate asks ev]ybody to be ready at any "t to s]ve at ! front1 & dur+ ! a]ial w> e woman & e *ild at home is expos$ daily & e h\r to mortal dang]2 _m a citiz5 w\ld !re=e ?9k x unsatisfactory if a crim9al1 :o is burd5$ ) heavy guilt or may ev5 h committ$ a crime puni%able ) dea?1 rema9s free f all dang]1 9 o!r words is 9 a bett] position ?an ! upright citiz54 ,x appe>s n[ t _m an exp]im5tal subject :o 0 us$ at t "t = exp]im5ts 0 ( ! same op9ion1 because ! witness ,k>l ,wolff /at$ on oa? t ! prison]s to :om he spoke 9 ,da*au said1 t 8!y w\ld contribute volunt>ily to ,g]many's w> ef=t & %[ a sign ( _! actual good w40 7,ruff #ba1 ,ruff ,ex4 #bj47 ,! same ideas 7 also /at$ by v>i\s def5dants dur+ _! int]rogation4 99 99 99 99 99 d4 ,evid5ce ,te/imony ,page ,extracts f ! te/imony ( prosecution witness ,eug5 ,kogon #iic ,extracts f ! te/imony ( prosecution exp]t witness ,dr4 #iid ,&rew ,c4 ,ivy ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,witness ,,eug5 ,,kogon#afe ,,direct ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,m*aney3 ,be=e we g into ! details ( ! typhus exp]im5ts1 ,i w\ld l to ask y if y "k any?+ ab\t ! mann] 9 :i* subjects 7 select$ = ! exp]im5ts :i* y h m5tion$ & :i* took place 9 ,bu*5wald8 ,,witness ,,kogon3 ,! selection ( exp]im5tal subjects 0 n ! same at diff]5t times4 ,9 ! v fir/ p]iod ! inmates ( ! camp 7 call$ ^u to volunte]4 ,!y 7 told t x 0 a h>mless affair2 t ! p w\ld get additional food4 ,aft] "o or two exp]im5ts x became impossible to get any volunte]s :atev]4 ,f !n on1 ,doctor ,d+ ask$ ! camp physician or ! ,,ss camp comm&ant to select ! suitable p]sons = ! exp]im5ts4 ,he _h no special directives = ?is4 ,! camp adm9i/ration *ose p arbitr>ily f among ! prison]s1 :e!r !y 7 crim9als1 or political prison]s1 or homosexuals4 ,intrigue among ! prison]s !mselves also play$ a role 9 ! selection1 & occasionally p came = :om !re 0 no special reason1 b !y came into ! exp]im5ts4 ,f ! fall ( #aidc1 approximately1 ! camp lead]s did n want to keep ! responsibility = ! selection ( exp]im5tal subjects4 ,doctor ,d+ himself no long] wi%$ to h v]bal in/ructions f ,mrug[sky to c>ry out ! exp]im5ts1 b he dem&$ writt5 ord]s4 ,= ?is purpose he approa*$ ,mrug[sky ) ! reque/ t ! ,rei* ,lead] ,,ss %\ld appo9t 8 own p = ! exp]im5ts4 ,,ss ,grupp5fuehr] ,nebe ( ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police ,(fice 9 ,b]l9 !n1 accord+ to a directive f ,himml] :i* ,i saw1 ord]$ t only ^? p 7 to be us$ :o _h at lea/ a t5-ye> s5t5ce to "w out4 ,!n1 ! (ficials ( ! ,rei* ,crim9al ,police ,(fice 9 ,b]l9 twice select$ #aaj & #ii p 9 ,bu*5wald1 :o 7 made available = ! exp]im5ts4 ,!y 7 exclusively crim9als ) a previ\s record4 ,9 ! la/ p]iod1 p 7 select$ f v>i\s conc5tration camps & prisons 9 ,g]many4 ,transports came to ,bu*5wald ) ^! p4 ,9 addition to ?is1 political prison]s f ! camp itself 7 almo/ always includ$ 9 ^! s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 ei!r because !y 7 inconv5i5t to ! ,,ss 9 "s way or because !y 7 victims ( camp intrigues4 ,q4 ,7 all ( ^! exp]im5tal subjects condemn$ to dea?1 :o 7 exp]im5t$ on 9 ,block #df8 ,a4 ,i d n "k ( a s+le case 9 :i* anyone came to ! exp]im5tal /ation 9 ,block #df because he _h be5 condemn$ to dea?4 ,once 9 ! case ( f\r ,russian prison]s ( w>1 x 0 claim$ t !y 7 to be %ot1 b !re 0 no judgm5t1 no s5t5ce4 ,!y belong$ to ! category ( ,russian prison]s ( w>1 ( :om ab\t #i1ejj 7 %ot1 hang$1 or /rangl$ 9 ,bu*5wald4 ,q4 ,7 any special consid]ations or favors grant$ to ! exp]im5tal subjects :o surviv$ ^! exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,dur+ ! fir/ two or ?ree weeks be=e ! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out1 ! exp]im5tal subjects receiv$ bett] food 9 ord] to get !m into ! condition ( a normal ,g]man soldi]4 ,ap>t f t1 none ( ! prison]s :o surviv$ receiv$ any advantages1 & !y 7 nev] promis$ any su* ?+4 ,q4 ,0 an ef=t made to pick exp]im5tal subjects :o 7 9 good physical heal?1 t is1 comp>able to a ,wehrma*t soldi]8 ,a4 ,! condition did exi/1 & z f> z 0 compatible ) ! o!r conditions ( selection1 x 0 fulfill$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,mr4 ,kogon1 at ! conclusion ( ye/]day's session y _h expla9$ to u ! mann] 9 :i* exp]im5tal subjects 7 select$ = ! m$ical exp]im5ts 9 ! ,bu*5wald camp4 ,w y tell ! ,tribunal :e!r any non-,g]man nationals 7 exp]im5t$ on8 ,a4 ,among ! exp]im5tal subjects :o _h be5 select$ = ,block #df1 !re 7 n only ,g]mans b also ,poles1 ,russians1 & ,fr5*m51 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! la/ ye>s4 ,q4 ,7 !re any prison]s ( w> exp]im5t$ on 9 ,block #df to y\r k8 ,a4 ,yes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,te/imony ,,( ,,prosecution ,,exp]t ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,&rew ,c4 ,,ivy#aff ,,cross-,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius 7,attorney = def5dant ,k>l ,br&t73 ,witness1 ye/]day y te/ifi$ t volunt>y cons5t is ! fir/ pr]equisite = human exp]im5tation4 ,previ\sly y _h said t y y\rself _h be5 reluctant to apply = volunte]s4 ,is t s8 ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,ivy3 ,no4 ,q4 ,didn't y say j n[ t y didn't want to ask y\r /ud5ts to volunte] b left t to o!r ag5cies s t y\r au?ority might n con/itute "s =m ( co]cion8 ,a4 ,yes1 t is ins(> z my p]sonal direct reque/ to ! individual is conc]n$1 ,i ?\ght1 because ( my position z a pr(essor1 x might unduly influ5ce ! /ud5t to say yes4 ,q4 ,y 7 probably ( ! op9ion t y\r au?ority might p]suade him to d some?+ t he o!rwise w\ld n d4 ,a4 ,yes--?r\gh individual contact4 ,q4 ,i say1 ,pr(essor1 don't y "k t 9 g5]al ! volunte] aspect ( ! p]son's cons5t has be5 "u suspicion8 ,a4 ,i don't und]/& t "q4 ,w y repeat x8 ,q4 ,is x n s t 9 m$ical circles & also 9 public circles ^! decl>ations ( volunt>y cons5t are reg>d$ ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( suspicion2 t x is d\bt$ :e!r ! p]son actually did volunte]8 ,a4 ,c y be m specific8 ,q4 ,9 y\r commission y probably debat$ h[ ! volunte]s %\ld be contact$2 is t n s8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,on ?is occasion 0 !re no discussion ( ! "q t y %\ld assure y\rself t no co]cion 0 be+ ex]cis$1 or t ! p>ticul> situation 9 :i* ! p]son f\nd himself :o appli$ 0 be+ exploit$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,i 0 conc]n$ ) t "q4 ,q4 ,!re 7 discussions ab\t t8 ,a4 ,n necess>ily ) o!rs1 b !re 0 always consid]ation ( t 9 my own m9d4 ,q4 ,witness1 a numb] ( docum5ts 7 submitt$ ye/]day1 ,friday1 f :i* x 0 to be se5 t volunte]s did volunte]1 = in/ance eight hundr$ or m prison]s appli$ = a mal>ia exp]im5t#afg2 & !re 0 a radio report2 all ( ^! p]sons _h a motive = volunte]+4 ,:at are ! motives ( a prison] t p]suade him to volunte]8 ,a4 ,^! prison]s said !y volunte]$ 9 ord] to help p :o might h mal>ia4 ,q4 ,9 ?is report ! individual p]sons 7 ask$1 five or six ( !m 7--"o says t he volunte]$ because he is condemn$ to life imprisonm5t1 & he has appli$ to oblige ! army4 ,ano!r says t he is do+ x because 8 bro!r is a soldi] at ! front & has mal>ia4 ,& ano!r "o says--two ( my bro!rs 9 ! army _h mal>ia2 & a ?ird "o says 9 ! la/ w>-- ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,dr4 ,s]vatius ref]s to ,docum5t ,,no-#cdej1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #eai = id5tification1 & ,i reque/ t he supply ! passages s t ,dr4 ,ivy c prop]ly te/ify4 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius3 ,witness1 f ?is radio report ,i %all read ! answ]s ( ! exp]im5tal subjects to y4 ,"o ,mr4 ,quail says3 8,i expect1 ,capta9 ,jones1 t ^! m5 h _m reasons = _! volunte]+ = ?is w>40 ,,capta9 ,,jones3 8,yes1 !y h4 ,_m h sons & bro!rs 9 ! arm$ s]vices1 o!rs h o!r patriotic motives1 b ,i am n ! "o to tell ab\t !m40 ,,quall3 8,i get ! po9t40 ,,capta9 ,,jones3 8,) ! p]mission ( ,w>d5 ,rang5 we are go+ to talk to sev]al ( ^! volunte]s "r n[4 ,"h is a man :o is old] ?an "s ( ! o!rs4 ,:at is y\r "n80 ,,johnson3 8,i am ,george ,johnson1 numb] s & s40 ,,quall3 8,johnson1 ,i h he>d y h a pretty high fev] z a result ( ^! te/s40 ,,johnson3 8,t is "r2 at "o "t my temp]ature 0 #ajh degrees40 ,,quall3 8#ajh degrees1 & y are "h to tell ! /ory40 ,,jones3 8,:at 0 y\r ma9 reason = volunte]+ = ^! te/s80 ,,johnson3 8,i s]v$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,army dur+ ! ,fir/ ,_w ,w>1 & "h1 by go+ ?r\gh ) ^! te/s1 ,i help$ "s ( my buddies 9 ! w> j end$40 ,,quall3 8,?anks1 ,johnson4 ,n[1 "h is ,*>les ,eirtz1 numb] s & s40 ,,eirtz3 8,my bro!r 0 kill$ 9 ! cross+ ( ! ,sa> ,s>re ,riv]2 t made up my m9d = me2 we w]5't be+ %ot at "h2 x 0 ! lea/ we c\ld d40 ,,quall3 8,& "h is ,george ,/orm2 ,george ,/orm1 numb] s & s40 ,,/orm3 8,two ( my bro!rs 9 ! s]vice caught mal>ia4 ,if ,i c help ! ,army1 ,i c help my bro!rs40 ,,quall3 8,"h is a man :o is "o ( ! _m inmate nurses help+ out 9 ! w>4 ,:at is y\r "n80 ,,leopold3 8,na?an ,leopold1 numb] s & s4 ,i 0 a mal>ia volunte]1 & n[ ,i am act+ z a nurse40 ,,quall3 8,h[ d mo/ ( ! pati5ts react "u ^! te/s80 ,,leopold3 8,all ! m5 are good soldi]s2 _! morale is high40 ,,quall3 8,n[1 two inmates :o are no /rang]s to mal>ia40 ,,walk]3 8,my "n is ,george ,walk]1 numb] s & s1 & my nephew is a mal>ia pati5t 9 an ,army hospital40 ,,mccormack3 8,i am ,james ,mc,cormack1 numb] s & s4 ,my bro!r is 9 ! ,army1 too4 ,if ^! te/s w help cure him ( mal>ia1 x w all be wor? :ile40 ,,quall3 8,m$ical (fic]s are p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ?is next case4 ,y\r "n80 ,,norman3 8,al ,norman1 numb] s & s40 ,,quall3 8,:y is y\r case unusual1 ,norman80 ,,norman3 8,because ,i h _h five relapses s9ce ,i fir/ contract$ mal>ia2 t is ! highe/ numb] any pati5t _h40 ,i %all /op read+4 ,i believe ?is gives ! g5]al impression4 ,is x correct t all ( !m are giv+ ideali/ic reasons z ! motive8 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,prior to ! "q ,i sugge/ t ! docum5t be h&$ to ,dr4 ,ivy1 if he wi%es to ref] to o!r sections ( x 9 8 answ]4 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius3 ,i %all d s imm$iately2 h[ev]1 ,i h "o "q fir/4 ,are ^! n all ideali/ic po9ts ( view z ! p]son's motive8 ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,ivy3 ,yes4 ,on ! basis ( my discussions ) p :o obs]v$ ^! exp]im5ts at ,/ateville1 ,ill9ois1 ! ideali/ic motivation ( ?is gr\p 0 v high4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! effect ( ?is public s]vice r5d]$ by ^! prison]s is be+ foll[$ up to see :e!r or n x has special re=mative value1 & up to ! pres5t "t ?is "q indicates t ?is public s]vice has be5 ( great re=mative value1 9 t ! incid5ce ( return to crim9ality "u p>ole is m>k$ly decreas$4 ,q4 ,d y "k ,na?an ,leopold1 or d y "k :o he is8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,is x true t he 0 condemn$ to fifte5 ye>s 9 ! p5it5ti>y = murd]8 ,a4 ,to mu* m ?an t4 ,q4 ,d y ?9k he is ! "r p]son to give an op9ion reg>d+ ! high morale /atus ( ! inmates ( a p5it5ti>y8 ,a4 ,he c nev] expect to get out ( ! p5it5ti>y1 & ,i see no reason :y he %\ld n express himself1 )\t any duress or co]cion1 accurately & z he feels4 ,q4 ,i w %[ y ?is report1 & please asc]ta9 if y h any rem>ks to make ab\t x4 ,a4 ,no1 ,i h none4 ,q4 ,! ideali/ic po9ts ( view are associat$ ) ! /ate ( w>1 are !y n1 aside f ! la/ "o8 ,a4 ,no1 ,i d n agree1 because if any co]cion 7 br\ght to be> ^u ^! prison]s to s]ve 9 m$ical exp]im5ts1 t w\ld soon--)9 a week--come to ! att5tion ( ! newspap] report]s & w\ld appe> on ! front page ( e pap]--mo/ e pap] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,q4 ,i %\ld l to tell y aga9 :at ,jones says "h4 ,he says3 8,o!rs h patriotic motives 99 99 99 _m h sons & bro!rs 9 ! arm$ s]vices40 ,capta9 ,jones gives t z ! ma9 reason4 ,& !n o!r individuals are br\ght up :o make /atem5ts 9 ! same s5se to ! same effect4 ,is t n s8 ,a4 ,i believe t is entirely reasonable2 because an individual is a prison] 9 a p5it5ti>y is no reason :y he %\ld n be patriotic or love 8 c\ntry4 ,q4 ,p]haps y w admit t no "o w\ld give t z 8 motive = help+ be=e a ,g]man de-,nazification c\rt1 namely1 t he want$ to help ! army4 ,a4 ,i did n get ! "q4 ,w y please repeat x8 ,q4 ,nev] m9d4 ,n[1 ,witness1 ( ! exp]im5ts we h "h1 none ( ^! volunte]s 7 outside ! p5it5ti>y2 n[1 :y did n p]sons outside ! p5it5ti>y volunte] 9 ! mal>ia exp]im5ts3 bus9essm5 or tea*]s1 = example8 ,because we mu/ assume t n only inmates ( p5it5ti>ies h ideals4 ,a4 ,z ,i expla9$ ye/]day1 consci5ti\s objectors 7 us$1 & prison]s 7 us$1 in/ead ( tea*]s & bus9essm5 because ^? individuals _h no o!r duties to p]=m4 ,_! "t 0 fully available = purposes ( exp]im5tation4 ,q4 ,is x n an evil to c>ry out exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,y don't ?9k s8 ,a4 ,x is n an evil to c>ry out exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,b isn't x an evil to h to g ?r\gh an exp]im5t z an exp]im5tal subject8 ,a4 ,i %\ld say n4 ,i h s]v$ myself z an exp]im5tal subject _m times1 & ,i d n consid] x an evil4 ,q4 ,don't y ?9k x is v unpleasant to become infect$ ) mal>ia1 to h fev]s1 & o!r undesirable symptoms ( t sort8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,x is unpleasant1 b n an evil4 ,q4 ,p]haps we don't und]/& ea* o!r4 ,y don't want to say x is a pleasure to h mal>ia8 ,a4 ,no4 ,x is n a pleasure4 ,q4 ,is x n a v unpleasant & s]i\s disease t la/s = _m ye>s8 ,a4 ,x is unpleasant1 yes4 ,q4 ,if all ^! p]sons apply = ideali/ic reasons1 :y are !y (f]$ recomp5se8 ,a4 ,i suppose x is to s]ve z a small rew>d = ! unpleasantness ( ! exp]i5ce4 ,q4 ,don't y believe t ! money 0 ! motive = _m ( !m--a hundr$ doll>s8 ,a4 ,t is r small4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( prison]s 9 ! p5it5ti>y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a hundr$ doll>s isn't mu* money4 ,q4 ,= a prison] t w\ld be q a lot ( money1 x seems to me1 = someone at lib]ty x is n s mu*4 ,a4 ,no4 ,our prison]s 9 ! p5it5ti>y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :5 !y "w 9 factories 9 ! prisons1 receive pecuni>y comp5sation = t "w4 ,q4 ,i believe t is s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,a4 ,t is put 9 a tru/ fund = !m to use :5 !y get out4 ,q4 ,d y ?9k t ! money is suffici5t recomp5se or comp5sation = :at ! exp]im5tal subject has to g ?r\gh8 ,a4 ,i %\ld n consid] x s1 & ,i don't believe t any ( ! prison]s did4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,i 0 told t "s ( !m w\ld n accept ! money4 ,q4 ,if "o decl>es oneself to be a volunte]1 mu/ "o n weigh ! advantages aga9/ ! disadvantages8 ,a4 ,i believe s4 ,q4 ,! disadvantage "h is ! risk ( a s]i\s disease1 ! advantage is fifty or a hundr$ doll>s4 ,a4 ,i %\ld say ! advantage is be+ able to s]ve = ! good ( humanity4 ,q4 ,= :at reason 0 ! money n paid imm$iately1 b 9 two paym5ts8 ,s f> z ,i rememb] f a docum5t ye/]day1 ! hundr$ doll>s 0 paid z foll[s3 fifty doll>s aft] ! fir/ mon?1 & ! o!r fifty aft] "o ye>4 ,9 o!r words1 a prison] has to d 8 job fir/4 ,n[1 :y 0 t s8 ,a4 ,i presume t t is j ! common way ( do+ bus9ess 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :5 an agreem5t is involv$4 ,i presume ! lawy]s _h some?+ to d ) t4 ,q4 ,0 ! reason n ?is3 t ! prison] w\ld lose 8 en?usiasm = ! exp]im5t & w\ld cease to coop]ate8 ,c\ld t h be5 ! reason = be+ a little circumspect 9 ! paym5t8 ,a4 ,i d\bt t4 ,q4 ,d y "k ( a case :]e ! exp]im5tal subject did n wi% to cont9ue ! exp]im5t8 ,a4 ,t has n be5 my exp]i5ce4 ,& accord+ to ! response t ,i got to t "q :5 ,i put x to ,dr4 ,irv+1 he said t no "o express$ a desire to )draw at any "t4 ,q4 ,pr(essor1 ,i h se5 a docum5t on exp]im5ts 9 hung] t 7 c>ri$ out on consci5ti\s objectors4 ,t appe>$ 9 a p]iodical4 ,x is describ$ h[ ^! consci5ti\s objectors w5t ?r\gh consid]able unpleasantness & did n want to cont9ue ! exp]im5t4 ,!y kept _! promise only at great ef=t4 ,is t kn[n to y8 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,i sugge/ t c\nsel ref] to ! docum5t t he is talk+ ab\t at ?is "t & make x available = ,dr4 ,ivy1 or make ! facts available1 ! p>ticul> data1 s t ,dr4 ,ivy w be fully aw>e ( ! circum/ances4 ,,presid+ ,,judge ,,beals3 ,does c\nsel h a docum5t :i* he c make available8 ,!n he w use x4 ,,dr4 ,,s]vatius3 ,i h only "o copy 9 ,engli% "h4 7,pres5t$ to witness47 ,i %all h to f9d ! passage ,i am ref]r+ to4 ,i c't seem to f9d x4 ,?is is a long docum5t & some:]e !re is ! /atem5t t ! exp]im5tal subjects h to summon all _! =ces to rema9 9 ! exp]im5t4 ,h[ev]1 ,i %all drop ! subject = ! mom5t4 ,witness1 is !re n ano!r inducem5t t p]suades prison]s to volunte] = exp]im5ts8 ,is n ! prospect ( p>don or o!r advantages ! reason = apply+8 ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,ivy3 ,:5 ^! mal>ia exp]im5ts />t$1 t prospect 0 n held out to ! prison]s1 h5ce ! possibility ( a r$uction 9 s5t5ce1 9 be+ plac$ on p>ole soon] ?an o!rwise1 0 n a prospect4 ,h[ev]1 s9ce "s ( ^! mal>ia exp]im5ts h be5 t]m9at$1 a r$uction ( s5t5ces 9 addition to t all[$ = ord9>y 8good behavior0 has be5 grant$ by ! p>ole bo>d4 ,= t reason ,gov]nor ,gre5 ( ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois appo9t$ a committee ) me z *airman to consid] ?is "q :i* y h 9 m9d3 ,h[ mu* r$uction ( s5t5ce c be all[$ 9 su* in/ances s t ! r$uction 9 s5t5ce w n be great en\gh to ex]t undue influ5ce or con/itute duress 9 obta9+ volunte]s8 ,i h my conclusions ready & c read !m to y1 if y desire to he> !m4 ,q4 ,please d s4 ,may ,i ask :5 ?is committee 0 =m$8 ,a4 ,! =mation ( ! committee1 accord+ to ! be/ ( my recollection1 occurr$ 9 ,decemb] #aidf1 :5 ! prison]s ) indet]m9ate s5t5ces 7 up = consid]ation = p>ole4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ "t ! "q ( r$uction 9 s5t5ce came up4 ,q4 ,"o m "q1 ,witness4 ,did ! =mation ( ?is committee h any?+ to d ) ! fact t ?is trial is go+ on1 or ) ! fact t ?is mal>ia case 0 publi%$ 9 ,life magaz9e & t x 0 explicitly /at$ t ! exp]im5tal subjects 7 receiv+ no comp5sation1 no p>don1 r$uction ( s5t5ce8 ,is !re any connection betwe5 ^? ?+s8 ,a4 ,!re is no connection betwe5 ! appo9tm5t ( ?is committee & ?is trial1 = ?is reason1 t !re is a division ( op9ion reg>d+ ! "w t ! p>ole bo>ds d4 ,"s believe t ! p>ole bo>ds are too s(t2 o!rs believe t !y are too h>d4 ,if a r$uction 9 s5t5ce 7 too great1 p>ole bo>ds w\ld be criticiz$ 9 ! newspap]s4 ,obvi\sly ! p>ole bo>d wants to act on ! basis ( ! be/ op9ion on m$ical e?ics t !y c obta94 ,accord+ly1 ?is committee 0 appo9t$4 ,q4 ,w\ld y please be s good z to read :at y int5d$ be=e8 ,a4 ,!re are two conclusions3 8,conclusion #a3 ,! s]vice ( prison]s z subjects 9 m$ical exp]im5ts %\ld be rew>d$ 9 addition to ! ord9>y "t all[$ = good conduct1 indu/ry1 fidelity1 & c\rage1 b ! excess "t rew>d$ %\ld n be s great z to ex]t undue influ5ce 9 obta9+ ! cons5t ( ! prison]s4 ,to give an excessive rew>d w\ld be contr>y to ! e?ics ( m$ic9e & w\ld debase & jeop>dize a me?od = do+ good4 ,?us ! am\nt ( r$uction ( s5t5ce 9 prison %\ld be det]m9$ by ! =be>ance requir$ by ! exp]im5t & ! "* ( ! prison]4 ,x is believ$ t a #ajj p]c5t increase 9 ord9>y good "t dur+ ! duration ( ! exp]im5ts w\ld n be excessive 9 ^? exp]im5ts requir+ ! maximum =be>ance4 8,conclusion #b3 ,a prison] incapable ( becom+ a law-abid+ citiz5 %\ld be told 9 advance1 if he desires to s]ve z a subject 9 a m$ical exp]im5t1 n to expect any r$uction 9 s5t5ce4 ,a prison] :o p]petrat$ an atroci\s crime1 ev5 ?\gh capable ( becom+ a law-abid+ citiz51 %\ld be told 9 advance1 if he desires to s]ve z a subject 9 a m$ical exp]im5t1 n to expect any dra/ic r$uction 9 s5t5ce40 ,i might expla91 :5 ,i us$ ! expression 8r$uction 9 s5t5ce 9 prison10 t t implies t :5 ! prison] is releas$ on p>ole1 he is /ill "u sup]vision1 obs]vation1 or s5t5ce outside ( prison4 ,he is subject to arre/ & return to prison at any "t2 s :5 we say r$uction ( s5t5ce 9 prison1 we d n mean t !re is an actual r$uction ( s5t5ce prescrib$ by ! c\rt4 ,t is ! law 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois4 ,q4 ,witness1 if ! exp]im5tal subjects are prison]s1 are !y told ab\t ?is policy ahead ( "t8 ,a4 ,!y w obvi\sly h to be told ( ?is policy f n[ on1 s9ce ! matt] has come up = ! fir/ "t4 ,q4 ,ye/]day a prosecution docum5t 0 %[n to y4 ,t 0 ,docum5t ,,no-#cifh1 ,prosecution ,exhibit #eag1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 ,bureau ( ,prisons1 a docum5t f ,texas4 ,?is 0 9 no docum5t book b 0 put 9 only ye/]day4 ,i %all h ?is %[n to y imm$iately4 ,?is is a =m f ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 ,bureau ( ,prisons1 a /atem5t ( volunt>y cons5t & x says "h ! foll[+3 8,i agree to coop]ate to ! fulle/ ext5t ) ! physicians conduct+ ! /udy dur+ an ov]-all obs]vation p]iod ( approximately #ah mon?s4 ,i und]/& t at ! conclusion ( ! obs]vation p]iod1 ,i am to be furni%$ ) an appropriate ,c]tificate ( ,m]it & a /atem5t ( my volunt>y coop]ation 9 ! /udy & ! fact t ,i h ?us r5d]$ volunt>ily an out/&+ s]vice to humanity w be plac$ 9 my (ficial record40 ,is t n a r ext5sive promise :i* might induce a prison] to apply )\t hav+ a purely ideali/ic motive8 ,a4 ,a ,c]tificate ( ,m]it is an attractive little c]tificate t ! prison] c\ld h fram$ & he c\ld hang on ! wall ( 8 prison cell4 ,aft] he 0 releas$1 he c\ld take x home & %[ x to 8 fri5ds1 & ,i ?9k x might s]ve z an inc5tive to prev5t ! previ\s wrongdo] f go+ into ! ways ( wrongdo+ aga94 ,q4 ,d y n ?9k t x has a v practical usefulness8 ,d y n ?9k t x w\ld lead ! police to treat "o a little m l5i5tly8 ,a4 ,i d\bt x1 al?\gh ,i c't te/ify reg>d+ :at ! police might d4 ,q4 ,don't y ?9k t x w\ld be ( "s aid :5 look+ = a job aft] 8 release8 ,a4 ,:5 a prison] is releas$ on p>ole1 be=e he is releas$1 a job is f\nd = him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,r$irect ,,exam9ation 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,h>dy3 ,n[1 ,doctor1 conc]n+ y\r te/imony reg>d+ ! consci5ti\s objectors1 ,i h a few po9ts :i* may t5d to cl>ify ?is situation 9 ! m9ds ( def5se c\nsel4 ,w\ld y tell u h[ a p]son is classifi$ z a consci5ti\s objector8 ,,witness ,,dr4 ,,ivy3 ,well1 fir/1 ev]yone )9 a c]ta9 age gr\p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h to regi/]4 ,q4 ,regi/] = ! draft8 ,a4 ,= ! draft or selective s]vice4 ,q4 ,t is1 conscription into ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,!n at "s "t lat] ! actual draft occurr$4 ,! consci5ti\s objector c\ld ann\nce t he 0 a consci5ti\s objector to s]v+ 9 battle or s]v+ ) ! milit>y organization at ! "t ( regi/ration or at ! "t ( induction or be+ draft$4 ,q4 ,& aft] he regi/]$ 8 objections to p>ticipat+ 9 any mann] 9 ! ,army1 0 he !n all[$ to return to 8 home1 or 0 he ask$ to coop]ate 9 matt]s :i* did n involve ?+s ( a milit>y nature8 ,a4 ,no4 ,he 0 assign$ to ! ,civilian ,public ,s]vice ,ag5cy & ask$ if he want$ to coop]ate by r5d]+ public s]vice4 ,q4 ,& t public s]vice 0 "w z ord]ly 9 a hospital & "w 9 v>i\s libr>ies1 p]haps1 & o!r public in/itutions8 ,a4 ,yes1 or =e/ fire prev5tion1 & clean+ up ! woods4 ,q4 ,0 ?is man1 ?is consci5ti\s objector1 9 conf9em5t8 ,a4 ,!y 7 only plac$ "u conf9em5t :5 !y w\ld n coop]ate 9 any way4 ,q4 ,0 !re a national committee to take c>e ( ! int]e/s ( ! objectors8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,z a g5]al rule ! consci5ti\s objectors 7 sup]vis$ by a civilian religi\s gr\p1 su* z ! ,quak]s or ! ,m5nonites4 ,q4 ,0 ! consci5ti\s objector "u any duty to volunte] = m$ical exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,none :atsoev]4 ,q4 ,h[ev]1 he 0 "u obligation to "w 9 v>i\s libr>ies or =e/ fire prev5tion1 etc41 if reque/$ to by ! committee8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,x 0 necess>y = him to r5d] "s sort ( public s]vice4 ,q4 ,!n y det]m9$ t y ne$$ exp]im5tal subjects4 ,h[ did x happ5 t y decid$ t consci5ti\s objectors might be made available to y8 ,a4 ,z ,i recall1 ! ,national ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 9 view ( ! fact t ! m$ical /ud5ts & d5tal /ud5ts 7 mu/]$ into ! ,army & c\ld no long] s]ve z subjects 9 exp]im5ts 9 univ]sities & m$ical s*ool laboratories1 took ! matt] up ) ! ,director ( ! ,civilian ,public ,s]vice1 :o !n decid$ t ! consci5ti\s objectors might be all[$ to volunte] = su* "w 9 connection ) m$ical s*ools & rese>* in/itutes4 ,q4 ,& by t tok5 y 7 p]mitt$ to approa* consci5ti\s objectors to ask !m :e!r or n !y w\ld volunte] = m$ical exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,i or ! inve/igator did n approa* ! consci5ti\s objectors directly4 ,we reque/$ t a c]ta9 numb] ( volunte]s be all[$ or s5t to u ?r\gh ! ,director ( ! ,civilian ,public ,s]vice ,ag5cy4 ,q4 ,& ^? consci5ti\s objectors 7 s5t to y\r univ]sity laboratories8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,t is correct4 ,q4 ,:ile !y 7 at y\r laboratory 7 !y liv+ 9 ! dormitories at ! univ]sity8 ,a4 ,yes1 9 ! dormitories or 9 ! hospitals4 ,q4 ,7 !y "u any surveillance at all8 ,a4 ,"o p]son 9 ! gr\p 0 appo9t$ z a lead]1 sup]visor ( ! gr\p1 & x 0 8 duty to see t ! m5 c>ri$ out _! in/ructions prop]ly & on "t4 ,q4 ,0 x possible = any "o ( ^! objectors to receive leave or to h week end lib]ty8 ,a4 ,x 0 n 9 mo/ exp]im5ts4 ,q4 ,well1 assume = ! mom5t t y 7 n go+ to use ! exp]im5tal subject = a p]iod ( two or ?ree weeks4 ,0 he 9 su* a position t he c\ld n g on leave or g to ! city or 0 he suppos$ to rema9 at y\r univ]sity at all times8 ,a4 ,no4 ,he c\ld leave = c]ta9 p]iods ( "t1 v>y+ 9 l5g? f a few h\rs to a few days1 dep5d+ ^u ! nature ( ! exp]im5t4 ,if x 7 a diet>y exp]im5t1 !n he _h to eat at ! diet table all ! "t4 ,q4 ,!n he actually _h fre$om ( locomotion1 9 contradi/9ction to a prison] 9 an in/itution or p5it5ti>y8 ,a4 ,yes4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,fur!r mat]ials f ! record 9 ! ,m$ical ,case appe> 9 ,volume ,,ii4 ,see ,cont5ts1 p4 ,,vi1 ?is volume4 ----- #afb ,clos+ /atem5t is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ad ,july #aidg1 pp4 #ajgah-ajgif4 #afc ,docum5t reject$ by ! ,tribunal4 #afd ,f9al plea is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ag ,july #aidg1 pp4 #aaaed-aaagf4 #afe ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #f1 #g1 #h ,jan4 #aidg1 pp4 #aaej-abij4 #aff ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois 9 *>ge ( ! ,college ( ,m$ic9e1 ,d5ti/ry1 ,ph>macy1 & ,nurs+1 & di/+ui%$ pr(essor ( physiology at ! ,graduate ,s*ool ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois4 ,complete te/imony is record$ 9 mimeograph$ transcript1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #af ,june #aidg1 pp4 #ijbi-icbd4 #afg ,c\nsel = ! def5dant ,k>l ,br&t ref]s to exp]im5ts c>ri$ out 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 ,,transcrib] ,,notes ,punctuation & spell+ has be5 ma9ta9$ except :]e obvi\s pr9t] errors h occurr$ su* z miss+ p]iods or commas = p]iods4 ,am]ican spell+ occurs ?r\gh\t ! docum5t4 ,multiple occurr5ces ( ! foll[+ spell+s :i* diff] & are f\nd ?r\gh\t ?is volume are z foll[s3 c\rt m>tial c\rt-m>tial blood lett+ blood-lett+ bord] l9e bord]-l9e front l9e front-l9e cross exam9ation cross-exam9ation long cont9u$ long-cont9u$ ,jewi% ,bol%evik ,jewi%-,bol%evik conc5tration camp conc5tration-camp peace "t peacetime ,fraeule9 ,frau ,frankfurt_/,ma9 ,frankfurt-on-,ma9 ,al?\gh "s s5t5ces may appe> to h incorrect spell+s or v]b t5ses1 ! orig9al text has be5 ma9ta9$ z x repres5ts :at ! tribunal read into ! record & reflects ! actual translations betwe5 ! ,g]man1 ,engli%1 ,russian & ,fr5* docum5ts pres5t$ 9 ! trial7s74 ,?is volume _h no ,g]man1 ,poli%1 ,russian or o!r ea/]n ,european diacritics1 only ,fr5* diacritics4 ,z a result1 ,go]+ & ,fuehr] are spell$ )\t umlauts ?r\gh\t4 ,an attempt has be5 made to produce ?is ebook 9 a =mat z close z possible to ! orig9al docum5t's pres5tation & lay\t4 ,"s illu/rations 7 mov$ to facilitate page lay\t4 ,! end ( ,trials ( ,w> ,crim9als be=e ! ,nu]nb]g ,milit>y ,tribunals "u ,control ,c\ncil ,law ,no4 #aj 7,oct #aidf-;,apr #aidi7 7,vol4 #a71 by ,anonym\s4