,,! ,,practical ,,sci5ce ,,s]ies ,! foll[+ ,vols4 are n[ ready or 9 ! ,press3-- ,,balloons1 ,,air%ips1 ,,& ,,fly+ ,,ma*9es4 ,by ,,g]trude ,,bacon4 ,,motors ,,& ,,motor+4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,h>ry ,,spoon]4 ,,radium4 ,by ,dr4 ,,hampson4 ,,meteorology2 or1 ,,wea!r ,,expla9$4 ,by ,j4 ,,gordon ,m#8,,ph]son1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,o!rs 9 ,prep>ation ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,au?oress1 ,,h] ,,fa!r1 ,,& ,,mr4 ,,sp5c] ,,mak+ ,,an ,,asc5t4 ,frontispiece4 ,,balloons ,,air%ips ,,& ,,fly+ ,,ma*9es ,,by ,,g]trude ,,bacon ,,new ,,york ,,dodd1 ,,mead ,,company ,,london3 ,t4 ,c4 ,e4 ,c4 ,,jack #aije ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,balloon+ #i ,,ii4 ,,! ,,com+ ,,( ,,! ,,gas ,,balloon #bc ,,iii4 ,,fam\s ,,balloon ,,voyages ,,( ,,! ,,pa/ #ch ,,iv4 ,,! ,,balloon ,,z ,a ,,sci5tific ,,in/rum5t #eg ,v4 ,,! ,,balloon ,,9 ,,w>f>e #fi ,,vi4 ,,! ,,air%ip #hd ,,vii4 ,,! ,,fly+ ,,ma*9e #aje ,,viii4 ,,conclusion #aai ,,balloons1 ,,air%ips1 ,,& ,,fly+ ,,ma*9es ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,balloon+ ,"o ,novemb] night 9 ! ye> #aghb1 s ! /ory runs1 two bro!rs sat ov] _! w9t] fire 9 ! little ,fr5* t[n ( ,annonay1 wat*+ ! grey smoke-wrea?s f ! he>? curl up ! wide *imney4 ,_! names 7 ,/eph5 & ,joseph ,montgolfi]1 !y 7 pap]mak]s by trade1 & 7 not$ z possess+ ?\ghtful m9ds & a deep int]e/ 9 all sci5tific k & new discov]y4 ,be=e t night--a memorable night1 z x 0 to prove--hundr$s ( millions ( p _h wat*$ ! ris+ smoke-wrea?s ( _! fires )\t draw+ any special inspiration f ! fact2 b on ?is p>ticul> occasion1 z ,/eph51 ! y\ng] ( ! bro!rs1 sat & gaz$ at ! famili> sight1 ! "q fla%$ across 8 m9d1 8,:at is ! hidd5 p[] t makes ^? curl+ smoke-wrea?s rise upw>ds1 & c\ld ,i n employ x to make o!r ?+s rise also80 ,illu/ration3 ,,m$allion ,,%[+ ,,bro!rs ,,montgolfi]4 ,!n & !re ! bro!rs resolv$ on an exp]im5t4 ,!y made !mselves a small fire ( "s light fuel 9 a little t9 tray or *af+-di%1 & ov] ! smoke ( x !y held a l>ge pap]-bag4 ,& to _! delight !y saw ! bag fill out & make a feeble attempt to rise4 ,!y 7 surely on ! eve ( "s great inv5tion2 & yet1 try z !y w\ld1 _! exp]im5t w\ld n q succe$1 because ! smoke 9 ! bag always became too cool be=e !re 0 en\gh 9 x to raise x f ! table4 ,b pres5tly1 :ile !y 7 ?us engag$1 a neighb\r ( !irs1 a wid[ lady1 al>m$ by see+ smoke issu+ f _! w9d[1 ent]$ ! room1 & aft] wat*+ _! fruitless ef=ts = "s :ile1 sugge/$ t !y %\ld fa/5 ! tray on to ! bottom ( ! bag4 ,?is 0 done1 ) ! happy result t ! bag imm$iately rose up to ! ceil+2 & 9 ?is humble fa%ion ! fir/ ( all balloons sail$ al(t4 ,t night ( #aghb1 !re=e1 m>ks ! fir/ great /ep ev] made t[>ds ! conque/ ( ! sky4 ,b to bett] und]/& ! hi/ory ( 8,a]onautics0--a ^w t means 8! sail+ ( ! air0--we mu/ g back f> beyond ! days ( ! ,montgolfi] bro!rs4 ,= 9 all times & 9 all ages m5 h want$ to fly4 ,david wi%$ = ! w+s ( a dove to fly away & be at re/1 & s9ce 8 "t1 & be=e x1 h[ _m h n long$ to take flight & sail away 9 ! b\ndless1 glori\s realms above1 to explore ! fleecy cl\ds1 & to float free 9 ! blue vault ( heav54 ,& s9ce birds a*ieve ?is feat by means ( w+s1 man's fir/ idea 0 to provide himself ) w+s also4 ,b "h he 0 at once doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,x is v c]ta9 t by 8 own natural /r5g? alone a man w nev] propel himself ?r\gh ! air ) w+s l a bird1 because he is made q diff]5tly4 ,a bird's body is v light comp>$ ) its size4 ,! l>ge/ birds 9 exi/5ce weigh "u ?irty p\nds4 ,a man's body1 on ! contr>y1 is v heavy & solid4 ,! muscles t "w a bird's w+ are wond]fully p[]ful & /rong1 f> /rong] 9 proportion ?an ! muscles ( a man's arm4 ,to su/a9 8 great weight 9 ! air1 a man ( elev5 /one w\ld require a pair ( w+s ne>ly tw5ty feet 9 span4 ,b ! possession ( su* mighty w+s alone is n en\gh4 ,he mu/ also possess bodily /r5g? to keep !m 9 suffici5t motion to prev5t him f fall+1 & = ?is he w\ld require at lea/ ! /r5g? ( a horse4 ,su* /r5g? a man has nev] possess$1 or c ev] hope to2 b ev5 z x is1 by long practice & great ef=t1 m5 h succe$$ at diff]5t times1 n exactly 9 fly+1 b 9 help+ !mselves along consid]ably by means ( w+s4 ,a man is said to h fl[n 9 ?is way 9 ,rome 9 ! days ( ,n]o4 ,a monk 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 nam$ ,elm]us1 x is /at$1 flew ab\t a furlong f ! top ( a t[] 9 ,spa91 ano!r f ,/4 ,m>k's /eeple 9 ,v5ice1 & ano!r f ,nuremburg4 ,b ! mo/ successful attempt ev] made 9 ?is direction 0 accompli%$ ab\t #bjj ye>s ago by a ,fr5* locksmi? ( ! "n ( ,besni]4 ,he _h made = himself a pair ( light wood5 o>s1 %ap$ l ! d\ble paddle ( a canoe1 ) cup-l blades at ei!r end4 ,^! he plac$ ov] 8 %\ld]s1 & atta*$ also to 8 feet1 & !n ca/+ himself (f f "s high place1 & viol5tly work+ 8 arms & legs s z to buffet ! air d[nw>ds ) 8 paddles1 he 0 able to raise himself by %ort /ages f "o height to ano!r1 or skim lightly ov] a field or riv]4 ,x is said t subsequ5tly ,besni] sold 8 o>s to a m\ntebank1 :o p]=m$ mo/ successfully ) !m at fairs & fe/ivals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,besni] ,,& ,,8 ,,o>s4 ,b x 0 soon cle> t ! art ( human flight 0 n to be a*iev$ by su* means2 & :5 m5 f\nd t !y 7 unable to so> upw>ds by _! own bodily /r5g? alone1 !y set ab\t devis+ "s app>atus or ma*9e :i* %\ld c>ry !m al(t4 ,_m anci5t philosoph]s b5t _! m9ds to ! inv5t+ ( a ma*9e = ?is purpose4 ,"o sugge/$ t /rong fly+ birds1 su* z eagles or vultures1 might be h>ness$ to a c>1 & tra9$ to c>ry x into ! sky4 ,ano!r gravely propos$ ! employm5t ( 8a little imp0--= 9 ^? days ! exi/5ce ( imps & demons 0 mo/ firmly believ$ 94 ,a ?ird ev5 w5t s f> z to give an actual recipe = fly+1 decl>+ t 8if ! eggs ( ! l>g] description ( swans1 or lea!r balls /it*$ ) f9e ?ongs1 be fill$ ) nitre1 ! pure/ sulphur1 quicksilv]1 or k9dr$ mat]ials :i* r>efy by _! caloric en]gy1 & if !y ext]nally resemble pigeons1 !y w easily be mi/ak5 = fly+ animals40 767 ,! fir/ man :o appe>$ to h any inkl+ ( ! real way ( solv+ ! problem ( a 8fly+ *>iot10 & :o 9 dim fa%ion seems to h =e%ad[$ ! inv5tion ( ! balloon1 0 t wond]ful g5ius1 ,rog] ,bacon1 ! ,le>n$ ,fri> ( ,il*e/]1 ! inv5tor or re-inv5tor ( gunp[d]1 :o liv$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,he _h an idea--an idea :i* 0 f> ahead ( 8 times1 & only prov$ to be true hundr$s ( ye>s aft]--t ! e>?'s atmosph]e 0 an actual sub/ance or 8true fluid10 & z su* he suppos$ x to h an upp] surface z ! sea has1 & on ?is upp] surface he ?\ght an air%ip might float1 ev5 z a boat floats on ! top ( ! wat]4 ,& to make 8 air%ip rise upw>ds to rea* ?is upp] sea1 he said "o mu/ employ 8a l>ge holl[ globe ( copp] or o!r simil> metal wr\ght extremely ?91 to h x z light z possible1 & fill$ ) e!real air or liquid fire40 ,x is d\btful :e!r ,bacon _h v cle> ideas ( :at he meant by 8e!real air40 ,b1 :e!r by accid5t or insight1 he _h 9 ^! words hit ^u ! true pr9ciple ( ! balloon--a pr9ciple only put into practice five c5turies lat]4 ,he saw t a body w\ld rise upw>ds ?r\gh ! air if x 7 fill$ ) some?+ light] ?an air1 ev5 z a body w rise upw>ds ?r\gh ! wat] if x is made (1 or fill$ )1 some?+ light] ?an wat]4 ,we "k t if we ?r[ an empty bottle tightly cork$ into ! sea x does n s9k1 b rises upw>ds1 because x is fill$ ) air1 :i* is light] ?an wat]4 ,9 ! same way exactly a light bag or balloon :i* is fill$ ) "s gas :i* is light] ?an air w n /ay on ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 b w rise upw>ds into ! sky to a height :i* dep5ds ^u its weight & buoyancy4 ,lat] philosoph]s ?an ,bacon came to ! same conclusion1 ?\gh !y d n seem to h se5 matt]s m cle>ly4 ,z rec5tly z #agee a c]ta9 le>n$ ,fr5* prie/ actually sugge/$ t s9ce ! air on ! top ( high m\nta9s is kn[n to be light] ?an t at an ord9>y level1 m5 might asc5d to ^! great heights & br+ d[n ! light air 89 con/ructions ( canvas or cotton40 ,by means ( ?is air he !n propos$ to fly a great ma*9e1 :i* he describes1 & :i* seems to h be5 z l>ge & cumb]some z ,noah's ,ark4 ,ne$less to say1 ! wor?y ,fa!r's proposal has nev] yet be5 put into practice4 ,b x is "t n[ t we return to ! two bro!rs ,montgolfi] & _! pap]-bag ( smoke4 ,_! exp]im5ts prov$ at once t 9 smoke !y _h f\nd some?+ :i* 0 light] ?an air1 & :i* w\ld1 !re=e1 c>ry a light weight upw>ds4 ,b ( :at ?is some?+ 0 !y _h1 at ! "t1 b a confus$ idea4 ,!y imag9$ t ! burn+ fuel !y _h us$ _h giv5 (f "s special light gas1 ) ! exact nature ( :i* !y 7 unacqua9t$4 ,! v ^w gas1 be x "h said1 0 9 ^? days almo/ unkn[n1 & ( diff]5t gases1 _! nature & prop]ties1 mo/ p _h b ! v vague/ notions4 ,& s = "s "t ! ,montgolfi]s & _! foll[]s suppos$ t ! pres5ce ( ?is my/]i\s gas 0 necess>y to ! success ( _! exp]im5ts1 & !y 7 v c>eful ab\t always us+ special k9ds ( fuel1 :i* !y suppos$ gave (f ?is gas1 to inflate _! bags4 ,lat] exp]im5ts prov$1 h[ev]1 :at e "o n[ kn[s1 t ! pap]-bag rose1 n because ( ! gases giv5 (f by ! fire1 b by reason ( ! hot air ) :i* x became fill$4 ,ne>ly all sub/ances1 no matt] h[ solid1 exp& m or less "u ! influ5ce ( heat1 & air exp&s v greatly inde$4 ,by ?us exp&+ heat$ air becomes light] ?an ! surr\nd+ air1 &1 because x is light]1 rises upw>ds 9 ! atmosph]e1 & cont9ues to rise until x has once m rega9$ ! av]age temp]ature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,montgolfi]',s ,,balloon4 ,enc\rag$ by ! success ( _! fir/ humble exp]im5t1 ! ,montgolfi]s next tri$ _! pap]-bag 9 ! op5 air1 :5 to _! delight x sail$ upw>ds to a height ( #gj feet4 ,! next /ep 0 to make a mu* l>g] craft ( #fjj cubic feet capacity & sph]ical 9 %ape1 :i* !y call$ a 8,balloon10 because x 0 9 appe>ance l a l>ge1 r\nd1 %ort-neck$ vessel us$ 9 *emi/ry :i* 0 te*nically kn[n by t "n4 ,?is great bag1 aft] be+ inflat$1 became s p[]ful t x broke loose f its moor+s1 & float$ pr\dly upw>ds #fjj feet & m1 & came d[n 9 an adjo9+ field4 ,aft] a few m successful trials ! bro!rs ?\ght t ! "t _h come to make kn[n _! new inv5tion4 ,accord+ly !y con/ruct$ a great balloon ( #ce feet 9 diamet]1 & issu$ invitations to ! public to come & see ! inflation4 ,?is 0 successfully made ov] a fire ( *opp$ /raw & wool1 & ! giant rose up into ! sky amid ! deaf5+ applause ( a huge multitude1 & aft] atta9+ a height ( #gjjj feet1 fell to ! gr\nd a mile & a half away4 ,! news ( ?is m>vell\s ev5t spread l wild-fire ?r\gh\t ! k+dom1 & soon n only all ,france1 b all ,europe also1 0 r++ ) ! tid+s4 ,! ,fr5* ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces imm$iately invit$ ,/eph5 ,montgolfi] to ,p>is1 & provid$ him ) money to repeat 8 exp]im5t4 ,he accord+ly con/ruct$ a yet l>g] ma*9e1 :i* /ood no less ?an #gb feet high1 _h x mo/ magnific5tly pa9t$ & decorat$ & hung ) flags1 & s5t x up at ,v]sailles 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,k+ & all 8 c\rt4 ,?is p>ticul> balloon is notewor?y z hav+ be5 ! fir/ ( all balloons to c>ry liv+ pass5g]s into ! air4 ,!y 7 ?ree 9 numb]1 a %eep1 a cock1 & a duck4 ,brea?lessly ! assembl$ multitude wat*$ ^! innoc5t victims plac$ 9 ! basket & so> calmly & maje/ically above _! heads2 & eag]ly !y foll[$ ! balloon to :]e x fell half a mile away to le>n _! fate4 ,w\ld !y h be5 suffocat$ 9 ^? upp] regions ( ! air :i* no human be+ _h yet explor$1 or w\ld !y be da%$ to pieces 9 ! desc5t8 ,b !y f\nd ! trio q un9jur$2 ! unimag9ative %eep graz+ quietly1 & ! duck *e]fully quack+4 ,=?) ! cry !n arose t x 0 "t = a man to haz>d ! asc5t1 & ,k+ ,l\is1 :o1 l e "o else1 0 va/ly excit$ ov] ! wond]1 sugge/$ t two crim9als !n ly+ "u s5t5ce ( dea? %\ld be s5t al(t4 ,b n[ a brave ,fr5* g5tleman--,m4 ,piltre de ,rozi]1 a "n ev] to be rememb]$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! conque/ ( ! air--uprose 9 indignation4 8,%all vile crim9als h ! fir/ glory ( ris+ into ! sky60 he cri$1 & !n & !re he pr\dly claim$ = himself ! hon\r ( be+ fir/ among mortals 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w to sail ! air4 ,8 c\rage\s resolve 0 wildly applaud$1 & =?) prep>ations 7 comm5c$ = ! new v5ture4 ,a yet l>g] balloon 0 made1 9 height z tall z a *ur* t[]1 ) a m\? #ae feet across4 ,ar\nd ! m\? 0 fa/5$ a gall]y ( wick]-"w1 ?ree feet wide1 to hold ! pass5g]s1 & bel[ all 0 slung ) *a9s an iron brazi] ( burn+ fuel4 ,by way ( precaution1 :5 all 0 complete ,de ,rozi] made a few %ort captive excursions1 ! balloon be+ fa/5$ to e>? by a rope4 ,b all prov+ satisfactory1 he decid$ to haz>d a 8"r away0 trip on ! #ba/ ( ,novemb] #aghc1 :5 he 0 also to be accompani$ by an equally c\rage\s fell[-c\ntryman1 ! ,m>quis d',arl&es4 ,x w\ld be difficult to conceive a m d>+ & p]il\s ent]prise ?an ^! two brave ,fr5*m5 set !mselves4 ,!y 7 to v5ture1 by an untri$ way1 into unkn[n realms :]e no mortal _h be5 be=e2 !y 7 to entru/ _! lives to a frail craft ^: capabilities _h nev] yet be5 te/$1 & at a giddy height !y 7 to so> al(t ) an op5 fire1 :i* at any mom5t might set light to ! inflammable balloon & hurl !m to de/ruction4 ,wild inde$ 0 ! applause ( ! cr[d z ! mighty craft1 aft] due inflation1 rose maje/ically into ! sky1 c>ry+ ) x its two brave voyag]s-- ! fir/ t ev] bur/ ,into t sil5t sea2 & ) :at anxiety 0 its c\rse foll[$ z1 ris+ rapidly to a height ( #cjjj feet1 x drift$ away on an upp] curr5t :i* bore x "r ov] ! city ( ,p>is4 ,! travell]s !mselves exp]i5c$ v>i\s excitem5ts dur+ _! adv5tur\s trip4 ,!y _h con/antly to /ir ! fire & fe$ x ) fre% fuel2 !y _h also ) wet sponges cont9ually to ext+ui% ! flames :5 ! light fabric f "t to "t ignit$4 ,at "o p]iod !y fe>$ desc5d+ into ! riv] or on ! h\se-tops1 at ano!r a %>p %ock gave !m ! impression t _! balloon _h bur/4 ,b !y came safely 9 ! end ?r\gh all p]ils & al>ms1 desc5d+ quietly1 aft] a voyage ( tw5ty-five m9utes' duration1 five miles f _! />t+-place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,e>ly ,,hydrog5 ,,balloon4 ,?us 0 inv5t$ & p]fect$ 9 ! c\rse ( less ?an a ye> ! fir/ ( all craft :i* c>ri$ man into ! sky--! ,hot-,air or ,montgolfi] ,balloon4 ,to ?is day l>ge hot-air balloons inflat$ by ! same me?ods employ$ a hundr$ ye>s ago occasionally take pass5g]s al(t4 ,inde$1 !re n[ seems a likelihood t ! use ( ! ,montgolfi] balloon w be l>gely reviv$ = milit>y purposes1 s9ce1 ) mod]n improvem5ts1 x w\ld appe> to be m quickly & easily inflat$ ?an a gas balloon 9 "t ( w>f>e4 ,) m9iature hot-air balloons we are all famili>1 = e s*oolboy has made !m = himself ( col\r$ pap]s1 & wat*$ !m float away on ! breeze ) z mu* admiration & delight z ! two bro!rs ( ,annonay wat*$ _! bag fir/ float upw>ds to ! ceil+4 ,b almo/ be=e ! inv5tion ( ! hot-air balloon _h be5 complet$1 & be=e ,piltre de ,rozi] _h made 8 asc5t1 a rival craft _h appe>$ ^u ! sc5e1 to :i* we mu/ m specially ref] 9 ! next *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,com+ ,,( ,,! ,,gas ,,balloon ,dur+ ! "t ( :i* we are speak+ !re 0 liv+ 9 ,london a fam\s *emi/ nam$ ,h5ry ,cav5di%4 ,he 0 ! son ( a nobleman1 & a v ri* man2 b he %ut himself up entirely f ! _w1 & devot$ 8 :ole "t & en]gies to ! /udy ( sci5ce4 ,s afraid 0 he ( be+ int]rupt$ 9 8 "w t he liv$ ! life ( a h]mit1 comm&+ 8 s]vants to keep out ( 8 sight on pa9 ( dismissal1 & ord]+ 8 d9n] daily by means ( a note plac$ on ! hall table4 ,9 ! ye> #agfj--tw5ty-two ye>s be=e ! ,montgolfi] bro!rs began _! exp]im5ts--?is ecc5tric man _h discov]$ :at 0 !n kn[n z 8inflammable air10 b :at we n[ call hydrog5 gas4 ,cav5di%'s exp]im5ts prov$ t hydrog5 is ! lighte/ ( all kn[n sub/ances1 be+ ab\t f\rte5 times light] ?an atmosph]ic air2 & soon aft] he _h made kn[n 8 rese>*es1 x occurr$ to a c]ta9 ,dr4 ,black ( ,ed9burgh t if a suffici5tly ?9 & light bladd] 7 fill$ ) ?is 8inflammable air0 x w\ld rise upw>ds4 ,dr4 ,black ev5 w5t s f> z to ord] a special bladd] to be prep>$ = ! purpose2 b by ! "t x 0 ready he 0 busy ) o!r "w1 & ! exp]im5t 0 nev] made2 o!rwise x is extremely probable t ! hon\r ( inv5t+ ! balloon w\ld h be5 won = ?is c\ntry1 & n = ,france4 ,a little lat] ,tib]ius ,cavallo1 an ,italian *emi/ liv+ 9 ,engl&1 came yet ne>] to ! great inv5tion1 = he fill$ a numb] ( soap-bubbles ) ! newly discov]$ gas1 & saw !m float high into ! air4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 ?9k at ! "t t 8 exp]im5ts w\ld lead to any practical result1 & s ! matt] dropp$ entirely1 until ! _w 0 sudd5ly electrifi$ by ! tid+s ( ! wond]ful hot-air balloon inv5t$ by ! bro!rs ,montgolfi] at ,annonay4 ,! news ( ?is discov]y recall$ to ! m9ds ( _m ! almo/ =gott5 exp]im5ts ( ! pa/1 & x 0 =?) sugge/$ t balloons might be inflat$ ) hydrog5 gas m successfully ?an ) hot air4 ,x 0 resolv$ imm$iately to put ?is !ory to ! te/4 ,a l>ge subscription to defray exp5ses 0 rais$ 9 ,p>is )\t difficulty1 = m5's m9ds 7 ke5 on ! new-f\nd art ( sail+ ! sky2 & ,m4 ,*>les1 ,pr(essor ( ,exp]im5tal ,philosophy1 & two bro!rs1 ! ,messrs4 ,rob]ts1 well-kn[n me*anicians1 7 appo9t$ to con/ruct a suitable balloon & inflate x by ! new me?od4 ,b !y 7 imm$iately confront$ ) a difficulty4 ,hydrog5 be+ ! lighte/ & mo/ subtle ( gases1 !y 7 at a loss to "k ( :at mat]ial to make _! balloon1 to prev5t ! gas escap+4 ,aft] sev]al failures !y ev5tually con/ruct$ a bag ( a special k9d ( silk1 & coat$ x all ov] ) a v>ni% made ( indi>ubb] dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e4 ,z !y f\nd great difficulty 9 manufactur+ l>ge quantities ( hydrog51 !y 7 =c$ to make _! bag a comp>atively small "o1 ab\t ?irte5 feet 9 diamet]4 ,on ! #be? ( ,augu/ #aghc ! bag 0 successfully fill$1 & ! asc5t 0 made 9 ,p>is 9 ! pres5ce ( an enorm\s cr[d4 ,! little balloon rose upw>ds ) imm5se rapidity1 until x 0 lo/ to sight 9 ! cl\ds4 ,asc5d+ yet high]1 x pres5tly bur/1 & came to ! e>? 9 a village1 fifte5 miles away1 aft] a voyage ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,attack ,,on ,,! ,,fir/ ,,*>li] ,,balloon4 ,9 ! field :]e ! balloon fell a p>ty ( peasants 7 at "w2 at its approa* !y fl$ 9 abject t]ror4 ,f a safe di/ance !y wat*$ ! /range new mon/] settle to e>? & lie prone1 & !n !y cauti\sly drew ne>] to inspect x4 ,! silk /ill heav$ ) ! escap+ gas1 & ! c\ntrym5 7 fully conv9c$ t an actual liv+ creature ( my/]i\s nature lay be=e !m4 ,"o man seiz$ 8 gun & fir$ full at x1 & !n suppos+ x to be mortally w\nd$1 !y all ru%$ 9 ) flails & pit*=ks to complete its de/ruction1 f9ally ty+ x to ! tail ( a horse1 :o gallop$ ) x all ov] ! c\ntry1 te>+ x to %r$s4 ,x 0 small wond] t aft] su* an occurr5ce ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t issu$ a proclamation to ! p1 tell+ !m t ^! a]onautical exp]im5ts 7 to be repeat$1 & w>n+ !m n to be al>m$ if !y saw a balloon 9 ! air1 s9ce x 0 a p]fectly h>mless ma*9e fill$ ) gas1 & incapable ( injur+ any "o4 ,?is ev5t took place ab\t ?ree mon?s aft] ! fir/ public asc5t ( ! hot-air balloon4 ,! new craft 0 imm$iately call$ a 8,*>li]10 aft] its inv5tor1 & to di/+ui% x f ! 8,montgolfi]40 ,!re foll[$ v>i\s exhibitions ( ! rival air%ips1 & aft] ! voyage ( ,piltre de ,rozi] & ! ,m>quis ,d',arl&es1 ,messrs4 ,*>les & ,rob]ts resolv$ also to haz>d an asc5t 9 a balloon inflat$ ) hydrog54 ,a new ma*9e 0 !re=e con/ruct$1 :i* diff]$ 9 _m important details f all o!rs :i* _h previ\sly be5 made4 ,x 0 tw5ty-sev5 feet 9 diamet]1 ( v>ni%$ silk1 & ov] x 0 spread a net ( cordage4 ,in/ead ( a gall]y to c>ry ! pass5g]s1 z 9 ! 8,montgolfi]10 a c> %ap$ l a boat 0 susp5d$ f ! net ) ropes & hung a few feet bel[ ! balloon4 ,a valve to let out ! gas 0 also provid$1 & ! voyag]s c>ri$ 9 _! c> balla/ & a b>omet] to indicate _! height4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ?is new balloon 0 9 all practical details ! same z ! balloon ( ! pres5t day4 ,! asc5t took place on ! #ag? ( ,decemb] 9 ,p>is4 ,/eph5 ,montgolfi] 0 pres5t1 & laun*$ a small hot-air balloon1 :i* amus$ ! onlook]s & indicat$ ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,!n ,,mm4 ,*>les & ,rob]ts /epp$ into ! c>1 & ! balloon be+ lib]at$1 !y 7 imm$iately c>ri$ up to a height ( #fjjj feet1 :]e a glori\s panorama ( ,p>is & ! adjac5t c\ntry 0 spread out be=e _! delight$ vision4 ,aft] /ay+ al(t ab\t a c\ple ( h\rs !y desc5d$ to e>? aga91 & ,rob]ts got out ( ! c>4 ,*>les decid$ to cont9ue ! voyage a:ile by himself1 &1 light5$ ( 8 companion's weight1 ! balloon ?is "t rose to #aj1ejj feet4 ,! sun _h by ?is "t set ^u ! e>?1 b at ?is height ,*>les saw x rise once m & set a second "t4 ,! !rmomet] fell f> bel[ freez+-po9t1 & he 0 b5umb$ ) cold & felt viol5t pa9s 9 8 e>s4 ,:5 at 8 greate/ elevation he 0 oblig$ to pull ! valve to prev5t ! balloon f bur/+1 & ev5tually desc5d$ )\t mis*ance ab\t sev5 miles f :]e ,rob]ts _h left him4 ,x w\ld be well n[ to describe a little m fully ! way 9 :i* ! 8,montgolfi]0 & 8,*>li]0 balloons 7 inflat$4 ,ea* ( ! rival me?ods _h its advantages & also its disadvantages4 ,9 ! case ( ! hot-air balloon a %all[ pit 0 dug1 9 :i* a quick-burn+ fire ( *opp$ wool & /raw 0 light$1 & ! bag simply susp5d$ ov] x4 ,! inflation 0 ?us rapid1 & its co/ comp>atively small2 ! great drawback be+ t z ! bag 0 ( v light mat]ial1 x ran consid]able risk ( be+ ignit$ by ! fire2 & all ! :ile x 0 fill+ x 0 ! uncom=table duty ( an un=tunate att5dant to /& actually inside1 roa/$ ) ! heat & *ok$ ) ! smoke1 arm$ ) a paddle ) :i* to beat out ! flames :5ev] ! bag caught alight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fill+ ,a ,,hot-,,air ,,balloon4 ,?is dang] ( fire 0 done away ) 9 ! me?od ( fill+ ) hydrog5 gas4 ,! balloon1 susp5d$ f al(t z be=e1 0 connect$ by hose-pipes ) a numb] ( casks conta9+ iron or z9c fil+s ^u :i* dilute sulphuric acid 0 p\r$4 ,! effect ( mix+ ^! sub/ances toge!r is to set up a brisk *emical action1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* hydrog5 gas is giv5 (f4 ,9 ?is case ! hydrog5 ?us lib]at$ came ?r\gh ! pipes & fill$ ! balloon4 ,! great disadvantages ( ?is me?od ( fill+--:i*1 x may "h be m5tion$1 is occasionally employ$ at ! pres5t day--are ! long "t x occupies1 ! great lab\r entail$1 & ! enorm\s exp5se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fill+ ,a ,,hydrog5 ,,gas ,,balloon4 ,x is said t :5 ,rob]ts & ,*>les return$ f _! adv5tur\s voyage !y 7 imm$iately arre/$ & ?r[n into prison by ord] ( ! ,k+1 :o consid]$ x 8 duty to put a /op to 8 subjects risk+ _! lives 9 su* dang]\s ent]prises4 ,public op9ion 0 too /rong = him1 h[ev]1 & ! two h]oes 7 quickly releas$1 & ,*>les 0 rew>d$ by a p5sion ( #bjj a ye> = life4 ,?is newly discov]$ art ( sail+ ! heav5s _h inde$ fir$ popul> imag9ation to an extraord9>y degree4 ,probably no inv5tion has ev] ar\s$ great] en?usiasm4 ,n only all ,france b all ! civilis$ _w w5t wild ) excitem5t = ! "t4 ,mo/ extravagant /atem5ts 7 made & writt54 ,a new k+dom1 x 0 decl>$1 _h be5 giv5 to mank9d to conqu]2 voyages might be made to ! moon & />s1 & n[ x w\ld ev5 be possible to take ,heav5 itself by /orm6 ,asc5t aft] asc5t took place ) ! 8,montgolfi]0 & ! 8,*>li]10 bo? 9 ,france & 9 o!r c\ntries2 nor 0 x long be=e ! balloon made its appe>ance 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ,augu/ ( ! next summ] 7#aghd7 a ,mr ,tytl] ( ,ed9burgh made "s %ort voyages 9 a hot-air balloon ( 8 own manufacture1 & 9 ! foll[+ mon? a mu* m adv5tur\s attempt 0 successfully c>ri$ out 9 ,london by a "y ,italian ( ! "n ( ,v9c5t ,lun>di4 ,lun>di 0 at ?is "t secret>y to ! ,neapolitan ,ambassador4 ,he 0 ke5ly int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( balloon+1 & pres5tly became fir$ ) a desire to repeat 9 ,engl& ^? a]ial exp]im5ts :i* 7 creat+ su* a s5sation on ! ,cont95t4 ,he 0 only a poor man1 & great difficulties /ood 9 ! way ( accompli%+ 8 object4 ,he _h to excite public int]e/ 9 8 v5ture1 to collect subscriptions to defray ! co/ ( 8 balloon1 :i* 0 to be a 8,*>li]10 & to f9d a suitable site 9 ,london = ! inflation & asc5t4 ,he met ) disappo9tm5ts & disa/]s en\gh to disc\rage a less en?usia/ic man1 b at l5g?1 aft] _m tr\bles1 on ! #ae? ( ,septemb] 8 balloon 0 ready & 9 process ( fill+ 9 ! gr\nds ( ! ,hon\rable ,artill]y ,company1 9 ! city1 :]e #aej1jjj p _h assembl$ to witness ! new wond]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v9c5t ,,lun>di4 ,/ill ,lun>di's trials 7 n at an end4 ,! balloon 0 adv]tis$ to asc5d at a c]ta9 h\r2 b ! supply ( gas 0 insuffici5t1 s t :5 ! "t came x 0 only p>tially fill$1 & a long delay ensu$4 ,! va/ cr[d--m ?an half incl9$ to believe ! :ole ?+ an impo/ure--began to gr[ v impati5t & unruly1 & x 0 only ! pres5ce ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 aft]w>ds ,george ! ,f\r?1 :i* kept !m 9 re/ra9t = ano!r h\r :ile ! fill+ cont9u$4 ,ev5 !n ! balloon 0 n full2 b ,lun>di felt he c\ld wait no long]4 ,he left beh9d him ! companion :o 0 to h accompani$ him1 sub/itut$ a small] & light] c>1 jump$ inside & sev]$ ! ropes4 ,in/antly ! balloon rose high ov] ! delight$ city1 z ! cr[d1 l$ by ! ,pr9ce himself1 r5t ! air ) _! *e]s4 ,wild 0 ! excitem5t 9 e qu>t]4 ,at ,we/m9/] ,k+ ,george ! ,?ird 0 9 conf]5ce ) ,mr4 ,pitt & 8 o!r *ief ,m9i/]s ( ,/ate1 b :5 x 0 kn[n t ,lun>di 0 9 ! sky ! ,k+ exclaim$1 8,g5tlem51 we may resume our delib]ations at pleasure1 b we may nev] see poor ,lun>di aga960 & ) "o accord !y adj\rn$ to wat* 8 progress ?r\gh telescopes4 ,tradesm5 ru%$ out ( _! %ops1 bus9ess m5 f _! (fices1 ev5 judge & jury f _! c\rts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lun>di',s ,,balloon4 ,lun>di cont9u$ 8 voyage ov] ! t[n into ! c\ntry beyond4 ,8 balloon app>5tly atta9$ a consid]able height1 = he f\nd t ! cond5s$ moi/ure r\nd ! neck _h froz51 & ! gas1 :i* to beg9 ) _h only two-?irds fill$ ! balloon1 pres5tly exp&$ s mu* t he 0 oblig$ to untie ! m\? to relieve ! /ra94 ,he _h tak5 up ) him z companions a dog & a cat4 ,! cat 0 v ill at ease 9 ! cold ( ! upp] regions1 & he resolv$ to put h] out2 s1 com+ d[n to ! gr\nd1 he h&$ h] to a c\ntry woman /&+ 9 a field4 ,?r[+ out balla/1 he !n rose aga9 & cont9u$ 8 voyage = "s di/ance1 ev5tually desc5d+ 9 a mead[ ne> ,w>e4 ,"s lab\r]s 7 at "w on ! spot1 b !y at fir/ refus$ to come ne> him1 & a "y woman 0 ! fir/ :om he c\ld induce to help him out ( 8 c>4 ,a /one ) a long inscription1 set up 9 a mead[ 9 ! p>i% ( ,/&on1 ne> ,w>e1 m>ks to ?is day ! place :]e ! fir/ ( all ,engli% balloons t\*$ gr\nd4 ,! foll[+ ye> witness$ a yet bold] ent]prise4 ,blan*>d1 a ,fr5* a]onaut1 & ,dr4 ,jeffries1 an ,am]ican1 det]m9$ on an attempt to cross ! ,*annel4 ,on a w9t]'s day1 e>ly 9 #aghe1 !y _h _! balloon inflat$ ) hydrog5 at ,dov] & boldly ca/ (f to sea4 ,! cold air appe>$ to *ill ! gas m ?an !y _h =ese51 & long be=e !y 7 across ! ,*annel _! balloon began settl+ d[n ^u ! wat]4 ,!y ?rew out all _! balla/1 !n a numb] ( books !y 7 c>ry+1 !n _! an*or1 extra ropes1 & o!r ge>4 ,/ill x seem$ v d\btful :e!r !y w\ld rea* ! ,fr5* coa/1 & z a la/ resort !y began ev5 to ?r[ away _! clo!s to light5 ! balloon4 ,=tunately at ?is mom5t ! balloon %ot up into ! air aga91 & ev5tually br\ght !m d[n 9 safety ne> ! =e/ ( ,gui5nes4 ,s f>1 al?\gh sev]al hundr$ asc5ts _h be5 made1 & 9 spite ( ! _m & great dang]s ( ! new-f\nd art & ! inexp]i5ce ( ! e>ly voyag]s1 no fatal accid5t _h m>r$ ! delight ( sail+ ! skies4 ,disa/]s1 h[ev]1 7 soon to come4 ,x is sad to relate t ! e>lie/ to fall a victim 0 ! brave ,piltre de ,rozi] himself1 ! fir/ ( all m5 to g al(t 9 a balloon4 ,fir$ ) a desire to emulate ,blan*>d & ,jeffries1 he decid$ t he himself w\ld cross ! ,*annel1 ?is "t f ,france to ,engl&2 & to avoid1 z he imag9$1 ! cool+ ( ! gas1 :i* _h s ne>ly prov$ disa/r\s on ! previ\s occasion1 he hit on ! extraord9>y idea ( comb9+ ! pr9ciples ( bo? ! 8,montgolfi]0 & 8,*>li]0 balloons1 & susp5d+ a fire balloon b5ea? ano!r fill$ ) hydrog5 gas4 ,x seems a rem>kable ?+ to u n[ t no "o 9 ^? days saw ! awful dang] ( su* a comb9ation4 ,! inevitable happ5$4 ,:5 ! balloon 0 high 9 ! air ! furnace ( ! hot-air ma*9e set fire to ! highly inflammable hydrog51 a fe>ful explosion foll[$1 & ,de ,rozi] & 8 companion 7 da%$ to pieces4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,fam\s ,,balloon ,,voyages ,,( ,,! ,,pa/ ,un=tunately ! dea? ( ,piltre de ,rozi] 0 b ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( fatal accid5ts :i* m>r$ ! e>ly ye>s ( ! hi/ory ( balloon+4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ano!r ,fr5* a]onaut1 go+ up 9 too %all[ a c>1 fell ov]bo>d :5 at a great height & 0 kill$4 ,a little lat] ,c\nt ,zambecc>i1 an ,italian1 asc5d$ 9 a hot-air balloon1 :i*1 on com+ ne> ! e>?1 became entangl$ 9 a tree4 ,! furnace x c>ri$ set fire to ! silk4 ,to escape f ! flames1 ! ,c\nt leapt to ! gr\nd & 0 kill$ on ! spot4 ,a few ye>s aft]1 ,madame ,blan*>d1 wife ( ! man :o fir/ cross$ ! ,engli% ,*annel1 made a night asc5t f ,p>is ) a numb] ( fireworks hung f ! c>4 ,^!1 9 "s way1 ignit$ ! balloon1 :i* fell to ! gr\nd1 kill+ ! un=tunate lady 9 its fall4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m miracul\s escapes are on record4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ ballooni/s sp5t ! night alone al(t 9 ! mid/ ( a t]rific ?und]-/orm1 ) ! lightn+ fla%+ all ar\nd him1 & yet desc5d$ 9 safety :5 morn+ broke4 ,m4 ,g>n]91 a fam\s ,fr5* a]onaut ( ?is date1 also 0 lo/ 9 a /orm4 ,8 balloon became unmanageable1 & borne to e>? 0 da%$ aga9/ a m\nta9 side1 ! occupant los+ consci\sness1 until ! balloon1 :i* _h asc5d$ aga91 br\ght him safely d[n once m _m miles away4 ,a m>vell\s escape took place 9 #ahjh1 :5 two ,italians asc5d$ 9 a gas balloon f ,padua & atta9$ a great height1 e/imat$ z approa*+ #cj1jjj feet4 ,"h ! balloon bur/1 & came precipitately to ! gr\nd2 & yet1 despite ! t]rific fall1 ! a]onauts escap$ ) _! lives4 ,! explanation ( ?is seem+ impossibility 01 no d\bt1 ! t5d5cy :i* a balloon1 empti$ ( its gas1 possesses to =m a natural p>a*ute4 ,dur+ a rapid fall ! l[] "p ( ! silk w1 if loose1 collapse into ! upp] portion to =m a k9d ( op5 umbrella1 & ?us v effectually break ! desc5t4 ,_m ballooni/s h ow$ _! safety 9 simil> accid5ts to ?is =tunate fact4 ,! bur/+ ( balloons :5 at high altitudes has already be5 ref]r$ to z happ5+ on sev]al previ\s occasions4 ,x is a dang] :i* is always pres5t :5 a balloon is al(t1 unless due precautions are tak51 & ! neglect ( ^! precautions has probably l$ to m balloon+ accid5ts ?an any o!r cause4 ,! explanation is simply ! v>y+ pressure ex]t$ ^u ! bag ( gas by ! weight ( ! atmosph]e4 ,:5 an inflat$ balloon is re/+ ^u ! gr\nd1 ! va/ ocean ( air above x is press+ ^u x ) a weight ( approximately fifte5 p\nds to ! squ>e in*1 & x is ?is pressure :i* prev5ts ! enclos$ gas f exp&+ beyond a c]ta9 limit4 ,! balloon !n rises high into ! air1 :]e ! weight ( atmosph]e press+ ^u x is mu* dim9i%$4 ,! high] x rises ! less ! pressure becomes1 & ! gas x holds soon exp&s s mu* t1 unless a v5t is provid$ = x1 ! balloon w bur/4 ,at ! pres5t day ! neck ( a balloon is always left wide op5 :5 ! balloon is 9 ! air1 to all[ ( ! escape ( ! gas dur+ ! asc5t4 ,a p]il\s adv5ture befell ,mr4 ,sadl]1 an ,engli% a]onaut1 9 #ahab1 :il/ attempt+ to cross ! ,iri% ,*annel4 ,he />t$ f ,dubl9 ) a w9d :i* he hop$ w\ld c>ry him to ,liv]pool1 b _h gone only a %ort di/ance :5 he discov]$ a r5t1 :i* seem$ to be increas+1 9 ! silk ( 8 balloon4 ,climb+ ! rigg+ ) difficulty1 he contriv$ to tie up ! hole ) 8 neckclo?4 ,he 0 by ?is "t ov] ! sea1 & hav+ pass$ ne> ! ,isle ( ,man1 f\nd himself1 z ev5+ 0 approa*+1 close to ! coa/ ( ,nor? ,wales4 ,"h he endeav\r$ to seek a l&+1 b j at ! critical mom5t ! w9d %ift$1 z x frequ5tly does 9 ?is trea*]\s ,*annel1 & he 0 quickly bl[n out to sea aga94 ,!re he rema9$ = ano!r h\r va9ly endeav\r+ to make ! l&1 & !n1 despair+ ( ! attempt & see+ five %ips b5ea? him1 he came boldly d[n on ! wat]1 tru/+ !y w\ld come to 8 assi/ance4 ,b he came d[n too f> away f !m1 & "o & all cont9u$ _! c\rse & took no notice4 ,he 0 oblig$1 !re=e1 to ?r[ out balla/ & to rise into ! air once m4 ,! sun 0 n[ set ^u ! level ( ! wat]1 b z ! brave a]onaut rose he beheld x once m above ! horizon1 & 0 *e]$ by its beams4 ,pres5tly he saw b5ea? him ?ree m vessels1 :i* signall$ _! will+ness to help him1 & he imm$iately came d[n on ! sea aga9 z close to !m z he c\ld4 ,b ! w9d1 n[ ris+ fa/1 caught ! half empty silk ( ! balloon z x t\*$ ! waves1 & bore x along ov] ! surface ( ! wat] at a t]rific pace2 & al?\gh ! vessels came aft] 9 full pursuit1 !y 7 unable to ov]take x4 ,mr4 ,sadl] !n dropp$ 8 grappl+-iron to act z a drag1 & ?is n prov+ suffici5t1 took (f 8 clo!s & ti$ !m to ! iron z a fur!r exp$i5t4 ,/ill ! vessels fail$ to ov]haul him z he sp$ ov] ! waves1 & he 0 at l5g? =c$ to let out a quantity ( ! gas /ill rema9+1 & s cripple ! balloon4 ,b ?is 0 a dang]\s move1 = ! c> n[ in/antly sank2 & ! un=tunate man _h to clut* ! hoop & !n ! nett+1 to keep himself above wat]4 ,*ill$ & exhau/$1 & frequ5tly plung$ b5ea? ! waves1 he 0 soon at ! po9t ( dea?2 = ! ne>e/ %ip1 ?\gh n[ close at h&1 fe>ful ( becom+ entangl$ 9 ! nett+1 /ill held (f4 ,fa9t+ z he 01 ,mr4 ,sadl] yet manag$ to summon /r5g? to call to ! sailors to run _! b[sprit ?r\gh ! balloon to /op its c\rse1 & ?is be+ done1 he 0 haul$ on bo>d m dead ?an alive4 ,five ye>s pass$1 & no m attempts 7 made to cross ! trea*]\s ,iri% ,sea1 until ,mr4 ,sadl]'s own son1 ,mr4 ,w9dham ,sadl]1 det]m9$ himself to make ! attempt :i* _h s ne>ly co/ 8 fa!r 8 life4 ,*oos+ ! same />t+-gr\nd = 8 v5ture1 he left ,dubl9 on ! longe/ day ( #ahag1 &1 =tune fav\r+ him1 rea*$ ! ,wel% coa/ n f> f ,holyhead1 aft] a voyage ( #gj miles1 la/+ five h\rs4 ,?is 0 ! la/ attempt to cross ! ,iri% ,*annel1 until ,novemb] #aijb1 :5 ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,bacon & ,mr4 ,p]cival ,sp5c]1 />t+ f ,d\glas1 9 ! ,isle ( ,man1 l&$ 9 a rocky gl5 #ae miles beyond ,dumfries1 aft] a j\rney ( #hj miles1 accompli%$ 9 ?ree h\rs4 ,brave ,mr4 ,w9dham ,sadl] unhappily lo/ 8 life 9 a t]rible balloon accid5t 9 #ahbd4 ,b a m celebrat$ ballooni/1 p]haps ! mo/ fam\s ( all1 _h by ?is "t come to ! =e--,*>les ,gre51 fitly call$ 8,! ,fa!r ( ,engli% ,a]onautics40 ,x 0 he :o fir/ introduc$ a new me?od ( balloon-fill+1 :i* quickly revolutionis$ ! :ole art & practice4 ,?is 0 no?+ m or less ?an ! employm5t ( ord9>y h\sehold or coal gas = inflation1 9 place ( ! co/ly & dang]\s hydrog54 ,:ile balloons 7 inflat$ only ) pure hydrog5--= ! unc]ta9 & dang]\s me?od ( fill+ ) hot air 0 soon almo/ entirely ab&on$--no great /rides c\ld be made 9 ! art ( sail+ ! skies4 ,! fill+ ( a l>ge balloon eighty ye>s ago co/ no less ?an #bej1 & few p c\ld be f\nd will+ to provide s mu* money = su* a purpose4 ,coal gas1 h[ev]1 0 by !n to be f\nd 9 e t[n ( any consequ5ce2 & x 0 ,gre5's sugge/ion t ?\gh ?is gas might be greatly inf]ior to pure hydrog5 9 buoyancy or 8lift+ p[]10 x yet conta9$ a suffici5t quantity ( hydrog5 9 x = all ord9>y a]onautical purposes4 ,! coronation ( ,k+ ,george ! ,f\r? 0 ! occasion *os5 by ,gre5 to put 8 new s*eme to ! te/ & fill a balloon ) coal gas4 ,! exp]im5t 0 entirely successful1 & h5ce=w>d balloon asc5ts became mu* common] ?r\gh\t ! _w1 = ,gre5's discov]y r$uc$ ! co/ ( fill+ t5fold1 & ! tr\ble & anxiety a hundr$fold4 ,gre5 himself became "o ( ! mo/ fam\s m5 ( 8 day1 & liv$ to make a ?\s& asc5ts1 "s ( !m ( ! mo/ d>+ & excit+ description4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,nassau ,,balloon4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ev5t 9 all 8 c>e]1 h[ev]1 0 ! voyage ( ! ,great ,nassau ,balloon1 9 ,novemb] #ahcf4 ,?is voyage creat$ a trem5d\s s5sation at ! "t1 & has always be5 consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ adv5tur\s ent]prises 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( a]onautics4 ,h[ x came ab\t 0 z foll[s3-- ,! manag]s ( ! ,vauxhall ,g>d5s1 ,london1 _h made1 ) ,mr4 ,gre5's assi/ance1 a v l>ge & f9e balloon ( crimson silk1 :i* /ood eighty feet high & held #ij1jjj cubic feet ( gas1 & :i* w\ld c>ry1 if ne$$1 m ?an tw5ty p]sons4 ,aft] x 0 made ! proprietors propos$ exhibit+ x 9 ,p>is1 & !re 0 "s "q ( h[ ?is valuable & fragile prop]ty _h be/ be convey$ s f>4 ,mr4 ,hollond1 a "y g5tleman ( consid]able weal?1 & a great lov] ( adv5ture1 at once came =w>d1 & propos$ to take ! balloon to ! ,cont95t by sky4 ,8 (f] 0 accept$1 & to make ! asc5t m notewor?y1 x 0 decid$ to />t f ,london & cross ! sea by night1 mak+ z long a voyage z possible1 al?\gh x 0 already w9t] "t1 & su* a v5ture _h nev] be=e be5 made4 ,prep>ations 7 at once comm5c$4 ,! pass5g]s 7 limit$ to ?ree--,mr4 ,gre51 :o 0 to manage ! balloon1 ,mr4 ,hollond1 & 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,monck ,mason4 ,a ton ( balla/ 0 to be c>ri$1 provisions = a :ole =tnight 7 laid 91 &1 s9ce none c\ld tell to )9 a ?\s& miles or m :]e !y might be drift$1 passports to e k+dom 9 ,europe 7 obta9$4 ,!y left ,london late "o ,novemb] day1 &1 ris+ "u a nor?-we/ w9d1 skirt$ ! nor? ( ,k5t4 ,pass+ pres5tly ov] ,cant]bury1 !y wrote a c\rte\s message to ! mayor1 & dropp$ x 9 a p>a*ute4 ,"s "t lat]1 :5 ! %ort autumn twilight 0 beg9n+ to wane1 !y saw b5ea? !m ! gleam ( :ite waves1 & knew !y _h rea*$ ! b\nd>y ( ! hi!rto mu*-dread$ sea4 ,imm$iately aft]w>ds !y ent]$ a heavy sea fog1 :i* hid all ?+s f _! sight1 & d>kness & dead sil5ce reign$ ar\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,voyage ,,across ,,! ,,*annel4 ,?is la/$ = fifty m9utes1 :5 !y em]g$ f ! cl\d & f\nd ! bright lights ( ,calais b5ea? !m4 ,x 0 !n q d>k1 & !y sp$ on ?r\gh ! night ov] unkn[n t[ns & villages ^: lights gleam$ fa9t] & few] z ! "t w5t on4 ,!n once aga9 !y ent]$ ! fog-bank1 & = long h\rs no sign or s\nd ( e>? rea*$ !m m4 ,z ! night wore on !y sudd5ly _h a />tl+ & al>m+ exp]i5ce4 ,_! balloon1 :i* _h be5 fly+ ne> ! e>?1 0 pres5tly light5$ by ! dis*>ge ( balla/1 & rose to a height ( #ab1jjj feet into ! air4 ,imm$iately aft]w>ds1 :5 all ar\nd 0 wrapp$ 9 ! deepe/ sil5ce & ! blacke/ d>kness1 !re came ! s\nd ( a %>p explosion f ov] _! heads1 foll[$ by a ru/l+ ( ! silk1 & imm$iately ! c> receiv$ a viol5t j]k4 ,! same ?+ 0 repeat$ aga9 & yet aga91 & x is small wond] t ! awful conviction !n seiz$ ! p>ty t !re1 9 ! d>kness1 9 ! dead ( night1 at t fe>ful height1 _! balloon _h bur/1 & !y 7 fall+ headlong to ! gr\nd4 ,great inde$ mu/ h be5 _! relief :5 !y f\nd ?is 0 n ! case1 & discov]$ ! real reason ( _! al>m4 ,x is ! t5d5cy ( a balloon :5 fly+ ne> ! gr\nd to assume an elongat$ or pe> %ape2 & :ile _! balloon 0 9 ?is position ! nett+1 :i* 0 wet ) dew1 _h froz5 h>d & tight ar\nd x4 ,imm$iately !y rose to great heights ! gas _h exp&$1 & ! balloon _h become globul> 9 %ape1 ) a result t ! /iff5$ ropes sprang to _! new position ) ! crack & j]k :i* _h s />tl$ ! p>ty4 ,:5 day broke next morn+ !y f\nd !mselves ov] long tracts ( desolate =e/ l&1 & fe>+ !y 7 approa*+ ! wild1 inhospitable /eppes ( ,russia1 !y desc5d$ ) all spe$1 & discov]$ !y 7 9 ! ,du*y ( ,nassau1 9 ,g]many1 ne> ,weilburg1 :]e !y 7 receiv$ ) ! wilde/ en?usiasm & delight4 ,f />t to f9i% !y _h accompli%$ a voyage ( #ejj miles 9 eighte5 h\rs4 ,aft] ?is ev5t ,gre5 made _m o!r voyages 9 ! great ,nassau balloon1 & met ) _m excit+ adv5tures4 ,on "o occasion1 asc5d+ 9 a viol5t gale ( w9d1 he & a pass5g] cov]$ tw5ty miles 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r1 &1 on desc5d+ ne> ,ra9ham1 9 ,essex1 7 bl[n along across ! fields at a furi\s pace1 until ! an*or caught1 & br\ght !m up ) su* a wr5* t x broke ! r+ & j]k$ ! c> completely upside d[n4 ,gre5 & 8 fri5d only escap$ f be+ ?r[n out by hold+ on to ! ropes1 & !y 7 aft]w>ds dragg$ wildly ?r\gh f5ces & h$ges until ! balloon collaps$ & came to a /&1 ?\gh n be=e !y _h bo? be5 sev]ely hurt4 ,on ano!r voyage ! fam\s balloon met ) s]i\s injury1 = hav+ be5 "s "t above ! cl\ds1 dur+ an asc5t1 ,gre5 f\nd himself c>ri$ out to sea1 & 0 oblig$ to come d[n 9 ! wat] two miles nor? ( ,%e]ness4 ,z 9 ! accid5t :i* befell ,mr4 ,sadl] 9 8 attempt to cross ! ,iri% ,*annel1 ! w9d caught ! silk & bore x along across ! wat] too rapidly = a pursu+ vessel to ov]take x4 ,gre5 !n l[]$ 8 an*or1 :i* by happy *ance soon became entangl$ 9 a sunk5 wreck1 & s br\ght ! balloon up4 ,a boat imm$iately put out to 8 assi/ance1 & he & a companion 7 spe$ily rescu$2 b ! balloon 0 s re/ive 9 ! w9d t x 0 dang]\s to approa* x4 ,gre5 himself !n sugge/$ t a volley ( musketry %\ld be fir$ into ! silk to expel ! gas1 & ?is 0 accord+ly done & ! balloon secur$1 ?\gh x aft]w>ds took ,gre5 a =tnight's h>d lab\r to repair ! damage done to ! fabric4 ,b ! sadde/ ev5t connect$ ) ! ,nassau balloon 0 ! fatal accid5t :i* befell ,mr4 ,cock+ 9 #ahcg1 ! ye> aft] ! great ,nassau voyage4 ,be=e relat+ ?is1 h[ev]1 x w be necess>y to ref] briefly to ! hi/ory ( a mo/ important accessory ( ! balloon1 hi!rto unm5tion$--! p>a*ute4 ,! "n p>a*ute comes f two ,fr5* words1 p>]1 to p>ry & *ute1 a fall1 & x signifies a contrivance1 made m or less 9 ! =m ( an enorm\s umbrella1 to break ! fall f a balloon or o!r great height4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! p>a*ute 0 und]/ood ev5 be=e ! inv5tion ( ! balloon4 ,9 ,ea/]n c\ntries1 9 p>ticul>1 :]e ! umbrella or p>asol has be5 9 famili> use f e>lie/ ages1 p>a*utes 7 frequ5tly employ$ by acrobats to enable !m to jump safely f great elevations4 ,9 ,france also1 at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 a captive (fic] attempt$ to escape f a l(ty prison by simil> means4 ,! a]onaut ,blan*>d 0 ! fir/ to con/ruct a p>a*ute = use f a balloon1 8 idea be+ t x might prove ( s]vice 9 ! ev5t ( an accid5t :ile al(t4 ,9 #aghe he let d[n f a great height a p>a*ute to :i* 0 atta*$ a dog 9 a basket1 :i* rea*$ ! gr\nd g5tly & safely4 ,aft] ?is ,m4 ,g>n]91 ! fam\s ballooni/ already ref]r$ to1 haz>d$ a p>a*ute desc5t 9 p]son1 & 8 attempt be+ em95tly satisfactory1 p>a*ute desc5ts became fairly common4 ,9 ,augu/ #ahad ,mr4 ,cock+1 an ,engli% g5tleman ( sci5tific ta/es1 read a pap] on p>a*utes1 sugge/+ an am5dm5t 9 _! %ape & con/ruction1 be=e ! ,society ( ,arts1 = :i* he 0 aw>d$ a m$al4 ,8 !ory 0 nev] put into practice1 h[ev]1 till tw5ty-?ree ye>s lat]1 :51 fir$ no d\bt by ! int]e/ ar\s$ by ! fam\s ,nassau voyage1 he resolv$ to put 8 inv5tion to ! te/4 ,he accord+ly con/ruct$ 8 p>a*ute1 :i* 0 ( enorm\s size1 ( unwieldy weight1 & 9 %ape r resembl+ an umbrella turn$ inside out4 ,despite ! w>n+ ( fri5ds t ! untri$ ma*9e 0 unwisely built1 he insi/$ on mak+ a desc5t ) x1 & succe$$ 9 p]suad+ ,mr4 ,gre5 to take him & 8 craft al(t atta*$ to ! ,nassau balloon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cock+',s ,,p>a*ute4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,july #ahcg !y />t$ f ! ,vauxhall ,g>d5s1 ,mr4 ,gre5 9 ! c> accompani$ by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,sp5c] 7gr&fa!r ( ! pres5t well-kn[n firm ( a]onauts71 8 fri5d & frequ5t companion2 ,mr4 ,cock+ seat$ 9 8 ma*9e slung bel[4 ,a height ( #ejjj feet 0 atta9$1 & !n ,mr4 ,cock+1 aft] bidd+ a he>ty f>ewell to ! o!rs1 pull$ ! rope :i* lib]at$ 8 p>a*ute f ! balloon4 ,reliev$ f ! enorm\s weight1 ! latt] ru%$ upw>ds into ! sky ) t]rific velocity1 ! gas p\r+ 9 volumes f ! valves & almo/ suffocat+ ! occupants ( ! c>4 ,_! position1 inde$1 = ! "t 0 "o ( ! greate/ dang]1 & !y 7 ?ankful to rea* ! e>? unh>m$1 :i* !y ev5tually did4 ,b _! fate 0 happi] f> ?an t ( ! luckless ,cock+1 ^: p>a*ute1 aft] sway+ fe>fully f side to side1 at l5g? utt]ly collaps$1 & fall+ headlong1 01 ) its inv5tor1 da%$ to pieces4 ,:ile ,*>les ,gre5 0 mak+ 8 fam\s asc5ts 9 ,engl&1 an equally celebrat$ a]onaut1 ,john ,wise1 0 pursu+ ! same art 9 ,am]ica4 ,dur+ a long & successful c>e]1 unhappily t]m9at$ by an accid5t1 ,wise made _m exp]im5ts 9 ! con/ruction ( balloons1 _! %ape1 size1 v>ni%1 mat]ial1 & s =?4 ,8 results1 :i* he c>efully put toge!r1 h be5 ( ! greate/ value to balloon manufactur]s until ! pres5t "t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 _m voyages he met ) v>i\s excit+ adv5tures4 ,on "o occasion :ile al(t he saw be=e him a huge black cl\d ( p>ticul>ly =bidd+ aspect4 ,ent]+ ?is1 he f\nd himself 9 ! he>t ( a t]rific /orm4 ,8 balloon 0 caught 9 a :irlw9d1 & set s viol5tly sp9n+ & sw++ t he 0 sea-sick ) ! motion1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 he felt himself half-suffocat$ & sc>ce able to brea!4 ,)9 ! cl\d ! cold 0 int5se2 ! ropes ( ! balloon became glaz$ ) ice & sn[ till !y resembl$ glass rods2 hail fell ar\nd1 & ! gloom 0 s great t f ! c> ! silk above became invisible4 8,a noise resembl+ ! ru%+ ( a ?\s& mill-dams1 int]m+l$ ) a dismal moan+ s\nd ( w9d1 surr\nd$ me 9 ?is t]rible flight40 ,wise adds1 8,bright sun%9e 0 j above ! cl\ds20 b ?\gh he endeav\r$ to rea* x by ?r[+ out balla/1 ! balloon _h no soon] begun to rise upw>ds ?an x 0 caught afre% by ! /orm & :irl$ d[n aga94 ,nei!r 0 he able1 by lett+ out gas1 to escape ?is furi\s vortex f b5ea?2 & = tw5ty m9utes he 0 swept to & fro1 & up & d[n 9 ! cl\d1 be=e he c\ld get cle> ( x1 or rega9 any control ov] 8 balloon4 ,on ano!r occasion ,wise made an exce$+ly d>+ & bold exp]im5t4 ,conv9c$ ( ! p[] :i*1 z has be=e be5 said1 an empty balloon has ( turn+ itself into a natural p>a*ute1 he det]m9$ to put ! matt] to ! te/1 & delib]ately to bur/ 8 balloon :5 at a great height4 ,= ?is purpose he made a special balloon ( v ?9 mat]ial1 & fa/5$ up ! neck s t !re 0 no v5t = ! gas4 ,he !n asc5d$ fe>lessly to a height ( #ac1jjj feet1 :]e1 ?r\gh ! expansion ( ! hydrog5 ) :i* x 0 fill$1 8 balloon explod$4 ,! gas escap$ in/antly1 s t 9 t5 seconds n a trace rema9$4 ,! empty balloon at fir/ desc5d$ ) fe>ful rapidity1 ) a /range moan+ s\nd z ! air ru%$ ?r\gh ! network4 ,!n ! silk assum+ p>a*ute %ape1 ! fall became less rapid1 & f9ally ! c>1 com+ d[n 9 zigzags1 turn$ upside d[n :5 close to ! gr\nd1 & toss$ ,wise out into a field unhurt4 ,x 0 ,john ,wise's great desire at "o "t to sail a balloon "r across ! ,atlantic f ,am]ica to ,europe4 ,long /udy ( ! upp] w9ds _h conv9c$ him t a regul> curr5t ( air is always bl[+ /eadily high al(t f we/ to ea/1 & he believ$ t if an a]onaut c\ld only keep 8 balloon 9 ?is upp] curr5t he might be c>ri$ across ! ocean quick]1 & ) m ease & safety1 ?an 9 ! fa/e/ /eam%ip4 ,wise w5t s f> z to "w out all ! details = ?is plan1 ! size ( ! balloon requir$1 ! balla/1 provisions1 & numb] ( pass5g]s2 & only ! want ( suffici5t money prev5t$ him f actually mak+ ! attempt4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ab\t ! same "t1 ,*>les ,gre51 9 ,engl&1 01 q indep5d5tly1 work+ at ! same idea1 :i* he also believ$1 ) prop] equipm5t1 to be q feasible4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,balloon ,,z ,a ,,sci5tific ,,in/rum5t ,s f>1 9 our hi/ory ( a]onautics1 we h ref]r$ to balloon+ only z a sport or pa/ime = ! amusem5t ( spectators1 & = ! gratify+ ( a love ( adv5ture4 ,x is n[ "t to speak ( ! practical uses ( ! balloon1 & h[ x has be5 employ$ z a mo/ valuable sci5tific in/rum5t to tea* u facts ab\t ! upp] atmosph]e1 its nature & ext5t1 ! cl\ds1 ! w9ds & _! ways1 ! travel ( s\nds1 & _m o!r ?+s ( :i* we %\ld o!rwise be ignorant4 ,be=e ! inv5tion ( ! balloon m5 7 q unaw>e ( ! nature ( ! air ev5 a %ort di/ance above _! heads4 ,9 ^? days high m\nta9 climb+ _h n come into fa%ion1 & :5 ,piltre de ,rozi] made ! fir/ asc5t1 x 0 consid]$ v d\btful :e!r he might be able to exi/ 9 ! /range atmosph]e al(t4 ,*>les & ,rob]ts 7 ! fir/ to make sci5tific obs]vations f a balloon1 = !y took up a !rmomet] & b>omet]1 & made c]ta9 r\gh records1 z also did o!r e>ly a]onauts4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ purely sci5tific asc5ts ( e>ly days1 h[ev]1 7 made 9 ! autumn ( #ahjd1 f ,p>is1 by ,gay ,lussac1 a fam\s ,fr5* philosoph]4 ,he took up ) him all mann] ( in/rum5ts1 among !m a compass 7to see if ! ne$le behav$ ! same z on e>?71 an app>atus to te/ ! electricity ( ! air1 !rmomet]s1 b>omet]s1 & hygromet]s1 c>efully exhau/$ flasks 9 :i* to br+ d[n samples ( ! upp] air1 birds1 & ev5 insects & frogs1 to see h[ great heights affect$ !m4 ,9 8 second voyage 8 balloon atta9$ ! enorm\s altitude ( #bc1jjj feet1 or m ?an f\r miles & a qu>t]1 & ne>ly #bjjj feet high] ?an ! highe/ peaks ( ! ,&es4 ,at ?is trem5d\s height ! temp]ature fell to f> bel[ freez+-po9t1 & ! a]onaut became extremely cold1 ?\gh w>mly clad2 he also felt heada*e1 a difficulty 9 brea?+1 & 8 ?roat became s p>*$ t he c\ld h>dly swall[4 ,nev]!less1 undismay$ by ! awfulness ( 8 position1 he cont9u$ mak+ 8 obs]vations1 & ev5tually rea*$ ! gr\nd 9 safety1 & none ! worse = 8 exp]i5ce4 ,gay ,lussac's exp]im5ts at lea/ prov$ t ?\gh ! air becomes less & less d5se z we asc5d into x1 x rema9s ( ! same nature & con/itution4 ,8 second voyage also %[$ t ! limit to :i* man c\ld asc5d al(t into ! sky & yet live _h n yet be5 rea*$4 ,almo/ sixty ye>s lat] o!r sci5tific asc5ts ?rew fre% light on ?is po9t1 & also cont9u$ ! o!r inve/igations t ,gay ,lussac _h comm5c$4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ,*>les ,gre5's fam\s c>e]1 sci5tific m5 9 ,engl& woke up to ! fact t ! use ( a balloon z an important means = obta9+ obs]vations on meteorology & o!r matt]s _h ( late be5 v mu* neglect$4 ,! ,briti% ,association took ! matt] up1 & provid$ ! money = f\r sci5tific asc5ts1 :i* 7 made by ,mr4 ,wel% ( ,kew ,obs]vatory1 a tra9$ obs]v]4 ,gre5 0 ! a]onaut *os5 to accompany him1 & ! balloon us$ 0 none o!r ?an ! great ,nassau balloon1 ( ^: _m & wond]ful adv5tures we h already spok54 ,gre5 0 !n ne>ly sev5ty ye>s ( age1 b 8 skill z an a]onaut 0 z great z ev]1 & ,wel% 0 able to obta9 _m valuable records4 ,dur+ ! la/ voyage a height 0 atta9$ almo/ z great z t rea*$ by ,gay ,lussac1 & bo? m5 f\nd mu* difficulty 9 brea?+4 ,:ile at ?is elevation !y sudd5ly notic$ !y 7 rapidly approa*+ ! sea1 & s 7 =c$ to make a v ha/y desc5t1 9 :i* _m ( ! in/rum5ts 7 brok54 ,! vet]an ,gre5 liv$ to a ripe old age1 dy+ 9 #ahgj1 ag$ eighty-five4 ,:5 a v old man he /ill delight$ 9 tak+ visitors to an ou?\se :]e he kept ! old ,nassau balloon1 n[ worn out & useless1 &1 h&l+ x affectionately1 w\ld talk ( its fam\s adv5tures & 8 own ?\s& asc5ts1 dur+ :i* he _h nev] once met ) s]i\s accid5t or failure4 ,aft] 8 dea? ! old balloon pass$ into ! h&s ( ano!r equally fam\s man1 :o1 aft] ,gre5's retirem5t1 took 8 place z ! mo/ celebrat$ ,engli% a]onaut ( ! day4 ,?is 0 ,h5ry ,coxwell4 ,he 0 ! son ( a naval (fic]1 & 0 br\ght up to ! pr(ession ( a d5ti/4 ,b :5 a boy ( only n9e ye>s old he wat*$1 ?r\gh 8 fa!r's telescope1 a balloon asc5t by ,gre51 :i* s fir$ 8 imag9ation t h5ce=w>d balloons fill$ all 8 ?\ghts4 ,z he grew old] ! fasc9ation increas$ ^u him4 ,he w\ld g long di/ances to see asc5ts or cat* glimpses ( balloons 9 ! air1 & he 0 =tunate en\gh to be pres5t at ! fir/ laun*+ ( ! great ,nassau balloon4 ,he did n get ! *ance ( a voyage al(t1 h[ev]1 till he 0 tw5ty-five2 b aft] ?is no?+ c\ld re/ra9 8 ard\r1 &1 ?r[+ 8 pr(ession to ! w9ds1 he made asc5t aft] asc5t on all possible occasions4 ,9 "o ( 8 e>ly voyages he met ) :at he describes z "o ( ! mo/ p]il\s desc5ts 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( balloon+4 ,! occasion 0 an ev5+ asc5t made f ! ,vauxhall ,g>d5s "o autumn night ( #ahdh4 ,! a]onaut 0 a ,mr4 ,gypson1 & besides ,mr4 ,coxwell !re 7 two o!r pass5g]s1 "o ( :om 0 ! well-kn[n m\nta9e] & lectur]1 ,alb]t ,smi?4 ,a numb] ( fireworks :i* 7 to be display$ :5 al(t 7 slung on a framework =ty feet bel[ ! c>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coxwell4 ,,glai%]4 ,! balloon rose high above ,london1 & ! p>ty 7 amaz$ & delight$ ) ! /range & lovely view ( ! great city by night1 all sight ( ! h\ses be+ lo/ 9 ! d>kness1 & ! ?\s&s ( gas lamps1 outl9+ ! invisible /reets & bridges1 tw9kl+ l />s 9 a blue-black sky4 ,coxwell 0 sitt+1 n 9 ! c>1 b 9 ! r+ ( ! balloon1 & pres5tly1 :5 !y 7 ab\t #gjjj feet above ! t[n1 he notic$ t ! silk1 ! m\? ( :i* appe>s to h be5 fa/5$1 0 gr[+ dang]\sly di/5d$ ) ! exp&+ gas4 ,by 8 advice ! valve 0 imm$iately pull$1 b x 0 already too late2 ! balloon bur/1 ! gas escap$ ) a noise l ! escape ( /eam f an eng9e1 ! silk collaps$1 & ! balloon began to desc5d ) appall+ spe$1 ! imm5se mass ( loose silk surg+ & ru/l+ frightfully ov]head4 ,ev]y?+ 0 imm$iately ?r[n out ( ! c> to break ! fall2 b ! w9d /ill seem$ to be ru%+ pa/ at a fe>ful rate1 &1 to add to ! horror ( ! a]onauts1 !y n[ came d[n ?r\gh ! rema9s ( ! dis*>g$ fireworks float+ 9 ! air4 ,little bits ( burn+ cases & /ill sm\ld]+ t\*-pap] blew ab\t !m1 & 7 caught 9 ! rigg+4 ,^! k9dl$ into sp>ks1 & !re seem$ e *ance ( ! :ole balloon cat*+ alight4 ,!y 7 /ill a :ole mile f ! gr\nd1 & ?is di/ance !y appe> to h cov]$ 9 less ?an two m9utes4 ,! h\se-tops seem$ advanc+ up t[>ds !m ) awful spe$ z !y ne>$ e>?4 ,9 ! end !y 7 toss$ out ( ! c> along ! gr\nd1 & x appe>$ a p]fect m>vel to !m all t !y escap$ ) only a sev]e %ak+4 ,?is adv5ture did n 9 ! lea/ abate ,coxwell's ard\r = balloon+1 & exactly a week lat] he & ,gypson successfully made ! same asc5t f ! same place1 & 9 ! same balloon--& load$ ) twice ! numb] ( fireworks6 ,b ,coxwell's mo/ celebrat$ voyage ( all took place "s ye>s lat]1 on ! occasion ( a sci5tific voyage made 9 company ) ,mr4 ,james ,glai%]4 ,9 #ahfb ! ,briti% ,association det]m9$ to cont9ue ! balloon obs]vations :i* ,mr4 ,wel% _h s successfully comm5c$1 b ?is "t on a l>g] scale4 ,! obs]v] 0 to be ,mr4 ,glai%] ( ,gre5wi* ,obs]vatory1 & ,mr4 ,coxwell1 :o by ?is "t _h become a recognis$ a]onaut1 und]took ! managem5t ( ! balloon4 ,! fir/ asc5ts 7 made 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,mr4 ,glai%] took up a mo/ elaborate & co/ly outfit ( in/rum5ts1 :i*1 h[ev]1 7 badly damag$ at ! outset dur+ a v rapid desc5t1 made p]=ce to avoid fall+ 9 ! 8,wa%40 ,on ea* occasion a height ( ov] f\r miles 0 atta9$2 b on ! ?ird voyage1 :i* 0 9 ,septemb]1 x 0 decid$ to try & rea* yet great] altitudes4 ,! balloon ) its two pass5g]s left ,wolv]hampton at #a ,p4,m4--! temp]ature on ! gr\nd be+ #ei4 ,at ab\t a mile high a d5se cl\d 0 ent]$1 & ! !rmomet] fell to #cf4 ,9 n9ete5 m9utes a height ( two miles 0 rea*$1 & ! air 0 at freez+-po9t4 ,six m9utes lat] !y 7 ?ree miles al(t1 ) ! !rmomet] /ill fall+2 & by ! "t f\r miles high 0 atta9$ ! m]cury regi/]$ only #h4 ,9 =ty-sev5 m9utes f ! />t five miles _h be5 pass$2 & n[ ! temp]ature 0 #b bel[ z]o4 ,mr4 ,coxwell1 :o 0 up 9 ! r+ ( ! balloon & ex]t+ himself ov] ! managem5t ( x1 f\nd he 0 beg9n+ to brea! ) great difficulty4 ,mr4 ,glai%]1 sitt+ quietly 9 ! c> wat*+ 8 in/rum5ts1 felt no inconv5i5ce4 ,m balla/ 0 ?r[n out1 & ! balloon cont9u$ to rise apace2 & soon ,mr4 ,glai%] f\nd 8 eyes gr[+ /rangely dim4 ,he c\ld n see to read 8 !rmomet]1 or di/+ui% ! h&s ( 8 wat*4 ,he notic$ ! m]cury ( ! b>omet]1 h[ev]1 & saw t a height ( #bi1jjj feet _h be5 rea*$1 & ! balloon 0 /ill ris+4 ,:at foll[$ next _h be/ be told 9 ,mr4 ,glai%]'s own words3-- 8,%ortly aft] ,i laid my arm ^u ! table1 possess$ ( its full vig\r1 b on be+ desir\s ( us+ x1 ,i f\nd x useless4 ,try+ to move ! o!r arm1 ,i f\nd x p[]less also4 ,!n ,i tri$ to %ake myself & succe$$1 b ,i seem$ to h no limbs4 ,9 look+ at ! b>omet] my head fell ov] my left %\ld]4 ,i /ruggl$ & %ook my body aga91 b c\ld n move my arms4 ,gett+ my head upright = an in/ant only1 x fell on my "r %\ld]2 !n ,i fell backw>ds1 my body re/+ aga9/ ! side ( ! c>1 & my head on ! edge4 ,i dimly saw ,mr4 ,coxwell & endeav\r$ to speak1 b c\ld n4 ,9 an in/ant int5se d>kness ov]came me2 b ,i 0 /ill consci\s1 ) z active a bra9 z at ! pres5t mom5t :ile writ+ ?is4 ,i ?\ght ,i _h be5 seiz$ ) asphyxia1 & believ$ ,i %\ld exp]i5ce no?+ m1 z dea? w\ld come unless we spe$ily desc5d$4 ,o!r ?\ghts 7 ent]+ my m9d1 :5 ,i sudd5ly became unconsci\s z on go+ to sleep40 ,mr4 ,glai%] adds3 8,i _c tell any?+ ( ! s5se ( he>+1 z no s\nd rea*es ! e> to break ! p]fect /illness & sil5ce ( ! regions betwe5 six & sev5 miles above ! e>?40 ,mean:ile1 z /at$1 ,mr4 ,coxwell 0 up 9 ! r+1 try+ to secure ! valve-l9e1 :i* _h become twi/$4 ,to d ?is he _h tak5 (f a pair ( ?ick gloves he _h be5 we>+1 & 9 ! trem5d\s cold ( t awful region ! mom5t 8 b>e h&s re/$ on ! metal ( ! r+ !y became fro/-bitt5 & useless4 ,look+ d[n1 he saw ,mr4 ,glai%] 9 a fa9t+ condition1 & call$ out to him1 b receiv$ no answ]4 ,?or\ghly al>m$ by ?is "t1 he tri$ to come d[n to 8 companion's assi/ance2 b n[ 8 h&s also _h become lifeless1 & he felt unconsci\sness rapidly /eal+ ov] him4 ,quickly realis+ t dea? to bo? ( !m w\ld spe$ily foll[ if ! balloon cont9u$ to asc5d1 ,mr4 ,coxwell n[ endeav\r$ to pull ! valve-l9e2 b he f\nd x impossible to d s ) 8 disabl$ h&s4 ,=tunately he 0 a man ( great bodily /r5g?1 z well z ( iron n]ve1 & by a great ef=t he succe$$ 9 cat*+ ! valve-l9e 9 8 tee?4 ,!n1 putt+ 8 :ole weight ^u x1 he manag$ to pull op5 ! valve1 & hold x until ! balloon took a decid$ turn d[nw>ds4 ,?is sav$ !m4 ,z l[] regions 7 rea*$1 :]e ! air 0 d5s]1 ,mr4 ,glai%] began to recov]1 & by ! "t !y came to ! gr\nd nei!r ( ^! two brave m5 7 any ! worse = _! extraord9>y exp]i5ce4 ,nei!r ,mr4 ,glai%] or ,mr4 ,coxwell 7 able to note ! exact elevation :5 !y 7 at _! greate/ height2 b f sev]al circum/ances !y 7 conv9c$ t x mu/ h be5 #cf1jjj or #cg1jjj feet1 or fully sev5 miles high4 ,lat] a]onauts h be5 incl9$ to d\bt if ?is surmise c be q correct2 b :e!r x is s or n is ( no great mom5t1 = ?is great balloon asc5t w always /& unrivall$ 9 ! hi/ory ( balloon+4 ,s9ce t day ne>ly z great1 or p]haps ev5 great]1 heights h be5 rea*$ 9 balloons2 b n[adays ^? :o attempt to asc5d to great elevations always provide !mselves1 be=e !y />t1 ) cyl9d]s ( compress$ oxyg5 gas4 ,!n :5 ! atmosph]e al(t becomes s ?9 & r>e z to make brea?+ difficult1 !y beg9 to fill _! lungs ) ! life-giv+ gas f ! cyl9d]s1 & at once recov]4 ,aft] ?is p]il\s voyage ,glai%] & ,coxwell made sev]al o!r sci5tific balloon asc5ts4 ,!y met ) v>i\s exp]i5ces4 ,on "o occasion1 dur+ a l(ty asc5t1 !y lo/ sight ( ! e>? above ! cl\ds = a :ile1 b1 ! mi/ sudd5ly break+1 !y f\nd !mselves on ! po9t ( drift+ out to sea4 ,n a mom5t 0 to be lo/1 & bo? m5 hung on to ! valve-l9e until x cut _! h&s4 ,! result 0 a trem5d\sly rapid desc5t4 ,! balloon fell f\r & a qu>t] miles 9 less ?an a qu>t] ( an h\r1 cov]+ ! la/ two miles 9 only f\r m9utes4 ,!y rea*$ e>? close to ! %ore1 & 7 =tunate to escape ) only a few bruises1 ?\gh all ! in/rum5ts 7 once m brok5 9 ! %ock4 ,mr4 ,glai%] 0 able to make _m int]e/+ notes ( ! condition ( ! w9ds & cl\ds at high levels4 ,he obs]v$ h[ frequ5tly diff]5t curr5ts ( air are bl[+ al(t 9 diff]5t directions at ! same "t4 ,^! diff]+ w9ds affect ! %ape ( ! cl\ds among :i* !y bl[4 ,high above ! gr\nd he frequ5tly met ) a w>m w9d bl[+ con/antly f ! s\?-we/2 & he believ$ t x is l>gely due to ?is mild air-/ream pass+ always ov]head t ,engl& enjoys su* mu* less rigor\s w9t]s ?an o!r c\ntries t lie z f> nor? ( ! equator4 ,?is mildness ( our climate has long be5 attribut$ to ! ,gulf ,/ream1 t w>m curr5t ( ! sea :i* sweeps up f ! tropics pa/ our %ores4 ,b x may well be t !re is besides an 8,a]ial ,gulf ,/ream10 z ,mr4 ,glai%] calls x1 bl[+ con/antly above our heads1 :i* also s]ves to w>m ! air1 & make our w9t] climate mild & moi/4 ,"o fact ^! exp]im5ts seem$ to e/abli% 01 t :5 ra9 is fall+ f an ov]ca/ sky1 !re is always a high] lay] ( cl\ds ov]hang+ ! l[] /ratum4 ,no?+ surpris$ ,mr4 ,glai%] m ?an ! extreme rapidity ) :i* ! :ole sky1 up to a va/ height1 c\ld fill up entirely ) cl\ds at ! approa* ( a /orm4 ,ano!r po9t not$ 0 t1 :5 a w9d is bl[+1 ! upp] portion ( ! curr5t always travels fa/] ?an t next ! gr\nd4 ,?is is due1 ( c\rse1 to ! ob/acles ! w9d meets z x sweeps ov] ! e>?1 & :i* *eck its onw>d progress4 ,^!1 & v _m o!r facts ( ! greate/ int]e/ to ! meteorologi/1 7 ! outcome ( ,mr4 ,glai%]'s exp]im5ts4 ,lat] voyages ( a simil> k9d h add$ greatly to our k ( ! condition ( ! air1 & x seems c]ta9 t 9 ! future ! balloon w be mu* m us$ by sci5tific m51 & by its means !y w be able to pr$ict ! wea!r m accurately & fur!r ahead ?an at pres5t1 & le>n _m o!r ?+s ( :i* we are n[ 9 ignorance4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,balloon ,,9 ,,w>f>e ,b !re is ano!r practical use = ! balloon to :i* we mu/ n[ ref]1 & t a mo/ important "o--its employm5t 9 w>-"t4 ,x 0 n long aft] ! inv5tion ( ?is %ip ( ! skies t soldi]s began to realise :at a valuable aid x might be to !m 9 times ( battle1 enabl+ !m to see inside a camp1 =t1 or beleagu]$ city1 or wat* ! enemy's movem5ts f af> (f4 ,! opportunity = fir/ putt+ ! matt] to ! te/ v soon arose4 ,)9 a v few ye>s ( ! e>lie/ balloon exp]im5ts 9 ,france !re comm5c$ 9 t v c\ntry ! dreadful ,fr5* ,revolution1 & soon ! nation f\nd itself at w> ) all ! _w1 & =c$ to hold its own1 alone1 aga9/ ! armies ( ,europe4 ,?is dang] quick5$ ! m9ds ( all to ! importance ( mak+ use ( e possible means ( def5ce 9 _! p[]4 ,x 0 sugge/$ t ! newly discov]$ balloon might be turn$ to acc\nt1 & imm$iately a s*ool = milit>y balloon+ 0 e/abli%$ ne> ,p>is4 ,fifty "y milit>y /ud5ts 7 tra9$ 9 ! new art1 & suitable balloons 7 provid$4 ,! value ( _! "w 0 soon app>5t4 ,9 ,june #agid 0 f\ght ! battle ( ,fleurus1 betwe5 ! ,fr5* & ,au/rians4 ,be=e ! fight a balloon p>ty _h c>efully obs]v$ ! position ( ! ,au/rian =ces1 &1 ?r\gh ! in=mation !y gave1 ! ,fr5* 7 able to ga9 a spe$y & decisive victory4 ,9 ?is way1 & at ?is e>ly /age1 ! value ( ! w> balloon 0 at once e/abli%$4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ,napoleon w\ld make no use ( balloons 9 8 campaigns1 & ev5 did away ) ! balloon s*ool at ,p>is4 ,! reason giv5 = 8 prejudice is a curi\s "o4 ,at ! "t ( 8 coronation a l>ge1 unmann$ balloon1 gaily decorat$1 & c>ry+ ?\s&s ( lights1 0 s5t up f ,p>is dur+ ! ev5+'s illum9ations4 ,x 0 a v beautiful object1 & behav$ spl5didly1 sail+ away into ! night1 amid/ great popul> rejoic+1 until x 0 lo/ to sight 9 ! d>kness4 ,b at daybreak next morn+ x 0 se5 approa*+ ! city ( ,rome1 :]e x pres5tly arriv$1 actually hov]+ ov] ,/4 ,pet]'s & ! ,vatican4 ,!n1 z if its mission 7 fulfill$1 x settl$ to e>?1 & f9ally fell 9 ,lake ,bracciano4 ,b z x fell x r5t itself1 & left a portion ( ! cr[n ) :i* x 0 ornam5t$ on ! tomb ( ! ,roman ,emp]or ,n]o4 ,napoleon1 :o 0 always a sup]/iti\s man1 saw 9 ?is extraord9>y voyage "s dreadful =eca/ ( 8 own fate4 ,he 0 mu* di/urb$1 & =ebade ! matt] ev] to be m5tion$ 9 8 pres5ce2 nor w\ld he h5ce=w>d h any m to d ) balloons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,w> ,,balloon4 ,milit>y balloons 7 us$ by ! ,fr5* aga91 h[ev]1 dur+ _! w> 9 ,africa 9 #ahcj4 ,! ,au/rians also us$ !m 9 #ahdi1 & x is said ! ,russians _h !m at ! siege ( ,seba/opol 9 ! ,crimean ,w>4 ,a ,montgolfi] balloon 0 made use ( by ! ,fr5* 9 #ahfb at ! battle ( ,solf]9o2 & ! ,am]icans also employ$ balloons dur+ ! ,civil ,w> a ye> lat]4 ,! ,am]ican w> balloons 7 comp>atively small ones1 inflat$ ) hydrog54 ,! hydrog5 0 manufactur$ 9 ! way already describ$1 by p\r+ dilute sulphuric acid ^u scrap-iron4 ,= mak+ ! gas ^u ! field two l>ge tanks ( wood call$ 8g5]ators0 7 us$4 ,9 ^! ! wat] & scrap-iron 7 plac$ & ! acid p\r$ ^u !m1 ! gas produc$ be+ c>ri$ to ! balloon ?r\gh pipes1 pass+ fir/ ?r\gh vessels fill$ ) lime-wat] to cool & purify x4 ,:5 on ! m>* f\r waggons 7 suffici5t to c>ry ! :ole app>atus4 ,! inflation1 :i* took "s "t1 0 made z close to ! sc5e ( action z 0 consid]$ safe1 & :5 ! balloon 0 once full a p>ty ( m5 c\ld easily t[ x ab\t to :]e x 0 ne$$4 ,b ! "t :5 ! balloon 0 mo/ l>gely & mo/ usefully us$ 9 "t ( w> 0 dur+ ! ,siege ( ,p>is4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,septemb] #ahgj1 dur+ ! ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 ,p>is 0 closely inve/$ by ! ,prussian =ces1 & = eighte5 long weeks lay besieg$ & cut (f f all ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,no communication ) ! city 0 possible ei!r by road1 riv]1 rail1 or telegraph1 nor c\ld ! inhabitants convey tid+s ( _! plight save by "o means alone4 ,only ! passage ( ! air 0 op5 to !m4 ,q at ! beg9n+ ( ! siege x occurr$ to ! ,p>isians t !y might use balloons to escape f ! beleagu]$ t[n1 & pass ov] ! heads ( ! enemy to safety beyond2 & inquiry 0 at once made to discov] :at a]onautical res\rces 7 at _! comm&4 ,x 0 soon f\nd t ) only "o or two exceptions ! balloons actually 9 exi/5ce )9 ! walls 7 uns]viceable or unsuitable = ! "w on h&1 be+ mo/ly old ones :i* _h be5 laid aside z wor?less4 ,"o lucky discov]y 01 h[ev]1 made4 ,two pr(essional a]onauts1 ( well-prov$ exp]i5ce & skill1 7 9 ,p>is at ! "t4 ,^! 7 ,,mm4 ,god>d & ,yon1 bo? ( :om _h be5 9 ,london only a %ort "t be=e 9 connection ) a huge captive balloon :i* 0 !n be+ exhibit$ !re4 ,!y at once receiv$ ord]s to e/abli% two balloon factories1 & beg9 mak+ a l>ge numb] ( balloons z quickly z possible4 ,= _! work%ops !y 7 giv5 ! use ( two great railway /ations1 !n /&+ idle & des]t$4 ,no bett] places = ! purpose c\ld be imag9$1 = "u ! great glass ro(s !re 0 pl5ty ( space1 & ! "w w5t on apace4 ,z ! balloons 7 int5d$ to make only "o j\rney ea*1 pla9 :ite or col\r$ calico 7( :i* !re 0 pl5ty 9 ! city71 cov]$ ) quick-dry+ v>ni%1 0 consid]$ good en\gh = _! mat]ial4 ,hundr$s ( m5 & wom5 7 employ$ at ! two factories2 & altoge!r "s sixty balloons 7 turn$ out dur+ ! siege4 ,_! managem5t 0 entru/$ to sailors1 :o1 ( all m51 seem$ mo/ fitt$ = ! "w4 ,! only previ\s tra9+ t c\ld be giv5 !m 0 to sl+ !m up to ! ro( ( ! railway /ations 9 a balloon c>1 & !re make !m g ?r\gh ! actions ( ?r[+ out balla/1 dropp+ ! an*or1 & pull+ ! valve-l9e4 ,?is 01 ( c\rse1 v l le>n+ to swim on dry l&2 nev]!less1 ^! amateurs made1 on ! :ole1 v fair a]onauts4 ,b be=e ! fir/ ( ! new balloons 0 ready exp]im5ts 7 already be+ made ) ! few old balloons !n 9 ,p>is4 ,two 7 moor$ captive at diff]5t ends ( ! t[n to act z obs]vation /ations f :5ce ! enemy's movem5ts c\ld be wat*$4 ,captive asc5ts 7 made 9 !m e few h\rs4 ,mean:ile ,m4 ,duru(1 a pr(essional a]onaut1 made 8 escape f ! city 9 an old & unskywor?y balloon call$ 8,le ,neptune10 desc5d+ safely outside ! enemy's l9es1 :ile ano!r equally successful voyage 0 made ) two small balloons fa/5$ toge!r4 ,& !n1 z soon z ! possibility ( leav+ ,p>is by ?is means 0 fully prov$1 an important new developm5t arose4 ,s f>1 z 0 %[n1 tid+s ( ! besieg$ city c\ld be convey$ to ! outside _w2 b h[ 0 news f )\t to rea* ^? imprison$ )98 ,! problem 0 pres5tly solv$ 9 a mo/ +5i\s way4 ,!re 0 9 ,p>is1 :5 ! siege comm5c$1 a society or club ( pigeon-fanci]s :o 7 specially int]e/$ 9 ! bre$+ & tra9+ ( 8c>ri]0 or 8hom+0 pigeons4 ,! lead]s ( ?is club n[ came =w>d & sugge/$ to ! au?orities t1 ) ! aid ( ! balloons1 _! birds might be turn$ to practical acc\nt z lett]-c>ri]s4 ,! idea 0 at once tak5 up1 & h5ce=w>d e balloon t sail$ out ( ,p>is conta9$ n only lett]s & despat*es1 b also a numb] ( prop]ly tra9$ pigeons1 :i*1 :5 lib]at$1 w\ld f9d _! way back to _! homes )9 ! walls ( ! besieg$ city4 ,:5 ! pigeons _h be5 safely br\ght out ( ,p>is1 & fall5 into fri5dly h&s beyond ! ,prussian =ces1 !re 7 atta*$ to ! tail fea!rs ( ea* ( !m goose quills1 ab\t two in*es long1 fa/5$ on by a silk5 ?read or ?9 wire4 ,inside ^! 7 t9y scraps ( photographic film1 n mu* l>g] ?an po/age /amps1 ^u :i* a l>ge numb] ( messages _h be5 photograph$ by microscopic photography4 ,s skilfully 0 ?is done t ea* scrap ( film c\ld conta9 #bejj messages ( tw5ty words ea*4 ,a bird might easily c>ry a doz5 ( ^! films1 = ! weight 0 always less ?an "o gramme1 or #ae gra9s4 ,"o bird1 9 fact1 arriv$ 9 ,p>is on ! #crd ( ,febru>y c>ry+ eighte5 films1 conta9+ altoge!r #dj1jjj messages4 ,to avoid accid5ts1 sev]al copies ( ! same film 7 made1 & atta*$ to diff]5t birds4 ,:5 any ( ! pigeons arriv$ 9 ,p>is _! despat*es 7 enl>g$ & ?r[n on a scre5 by a magic-lant]n1 !n copi$ & s5t to ^? = :om !y 7 int5d$4 ,?is sy/em ( balloon & pigeon po/ w5t on dur+ ! :ole siege4 ,betwe5 sixty & sev5ty balloons left ! city1 c>ry+ altoge!r ne>ly #bjj p1 & two & a half million lett]s1 weigh+ 9 all ab\t t5 tons4 ,! great] numb] ( ^! arriv$ 9 safety1 :ile ! return j\rneys1 accompli%$ by ! birds1 7 sc>cely less successful4 ,! wea!r 0 v unfav\rable dur+ mo/ ( ! "t1 & cold & fogs prev5t$ _m pigeons f mak+ _! way back to ,p>is4 ,( #cfj birds br\ght safely out ( ! city by balloon only ab\t #fj return$1 b ^! _h c>ri$ betwe5 !m "s #ajj1jjj messages4 ,( ! balloons !mselves two1 ea* ) its luckless a]onaut1 7 bl[n out to sea & nev] he>d ( m4 ,two sail$ into ,g]many & 7 captur$ by ! enemy1 ?ree m came d[n too soon & fell into ! h&s ( ! besieg+ army ne> ,p>is1 & "o did n ev5 get z f> z ! ,prussian l9es4 ,o!rs exp]i5c$ accid5ts & r\gh l&+s 9 :i* _! pass5g]s 7 m or less injur$4 ,moreov]1 ea* balloon :i* sail$ by day f ! city became at once a m>k = ! enemy's fire2 s mu* s t be=e long x became necess>y to make all ! asc5ts by night1 "u cov] ( d>kness4 ,!y 7 brave m5 inde$ :o d>$ face ! p]ils ( a night voyage 9 an untri$ balloon1 mann$ by an unskill$ pilot1 & expos$ to ! fire ( ! enemy1 into ^: h&s !y ran ! greate/ risk ( fall+4 ,x is small wond] !re 0 mu* excitem5t 9 ,p>is :5 x became kn[n t ! fir/ ( ! new balloons made dur+ ! siege 0 to take away no less a p]sonage ?an ,m4 ,gambetta1 ! great /atesman1 :o 0 at ! "t1 & = long aft]1 ! lead+ man 9 ,france4 ,he made 8 escape by balloon on ! #g? ( ,octob]1 accompani$ by 8 secret>y & an a]onaut1 & manag$ to rea* a safe hav51 ?\gh n be=e !y _h be5 vigor\sly fir$ at by %ot & %ell1 & ,m4 ,gambetta himself _h actually be5 graz$ on ! h& by a bullet4 ,ano!r di/+ui%$ man :o haz>d$ ! same p]il\s feat1 ?\gh = a v diff]5t reason1 0 ,m4 ,janss51 a fam\s a/ronom]4 ,on ! #bbnd ( ,decemb] ( t ye> !re 0 to take place an important total eclipse ( ! sun1 :i* w\ld be visible 9 ,spa9 & ,alg]ia4 ,x _h long be5 ,m4 ,janss5's int5tion to obs]ve ?is eclipse1 & = ?is purpose he _h prep>$ a special telescope & app>atus2 b :5 ! "t drew ne> he f\nd himself & 8 in/rum5ts %ut up 9 besieg$ ,p>is1 ) no possible means ( escape except ! dang]\s & desp]ate haz>d ( a voyage by sky4 ,b s great 0 ! a/ronom]'s en?usiasm = 8 "w1 t he resolv$ to brave ev5 ?is risk4 ,tak+ ! ess5tial p>ts ( 8 telescope ) him1 &1 z a]onaut1 an active "y sailor1 he set sail 9 ! d>kness ( a w9t]'s morn+1 long be=e dawn1 pass$ safely ov] ! enemy's l9es1 & cont9u$ ! voyage till ne>ly mid-day1 :5 !y sight$ ! sea1 & came d[n ne> ! m\? ( ! riv] ,loire1 hav+ travell$ #cjj miles 9 little m ?an five h\rs4 ,nei!r ,janss5 or 8 telescope 7 injur$ 9 ! desc5t1 ?\gh ! w9d 0 high at ! "t2 & bo? rea*$ ,alg]ia 9 "t = ! eclipse4 ,x mu/ h be5 a mo/ bitt] disappo9tm5t to ! ard5t a/ronom]1 aft] all 8 ex]tions1 t :5 ! great day arriv$ ! sun 0 hidd5 by cl\ds1 & he 0 unable to obs]ve ! sight = :i* he _h risk$ s mu*4 ,s9ce ! ,franco-,prussian w>1 milit>y balloon+ has be5 l>gely develop$1 & n[ all great armies possess _! prop]ly equipp$ & tra9$ balloon corps4 ,! balloons 9 use 9 ! ,briti% ,army at ! pres5t day are made1 n ( silk1 b ( gold-beat]'s sk91 a v ?91 b extremely t\gh membrane prep>$ f ! insides ( ox54 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 mu* /rong] & m durable ?an ord9>y balloon fabric1 b mu* m exp5sive4 ,! balloons are comp>atively small ones1 ( #aj1jjj feet capacity1 & are inflat$ ) hydrog54 ,! hydrog5 is n[ no long] made ^u ! field1 b is manufactur$ 9 special factories1 & c>ri$ compress$ 9 l>ge /eel cyl9d]s4 ,by ?is means ! "t occupi$ 9 fill+ ! balloon is mu* r$uc$1 b ! weight ( ! cyl9d]s is v great4 ,z w be rememb]$1 balloons 7 made ( consid]able use dur+ ! late ,bo] ,w>4 ,at ! siege ( ,ladysmi? !y 7 ?\ght ( mu* value 9 direct+ ! fire ( ! ,briti% ,artill]y1 & aga9 at ,spion ,kop & ,mag]sfonte9 are said to h done good s]vice4 ,s f> we h %[n ( :at use balloons may be 9 times ( peace & w>4 ,e ye> sees fre% improvem5ts & developm5ts 9 balloons = milit>y purposes & 9 ^? employ$ = mak+ meteorological & o!r simil> obs]vations2 & !re is no d\bt t great advances may %ortly be expect$ 9 bo? ^! directions4 ,b !re is yet ano!r & totally diff]5t sci5ce to :i* ! balloon may l5d its aid1 & help greatly to add to our k2 & ?is is ! sci5ce ( geography1 or ! /udy ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ ideas sugge/$ by ,montgolfi]'s inv5tion 0 t ! balloon might be turn$ to practical acc\nt 9 ! explor+ ( unkn[n & inaccessible tracts ( ! _w4 ,x 0 sugge/$ t 9 a balloon m5 might sail ov] & survey c\ntry t !y 7 n able to rea* 9 any o!r way4 ,des]ts c\ld be cross$ 9 ?is fa%ion1 =e/s & m\nta9 ranges1 & ev5 ! desolate ice-tracts ( ! ,nor? & ,s\? ,poles4 ,all ?is is1 9 tru?1 p]fectly possible1 & ano!r day may be accompli%$2 b at pres5t great difficulties & dang]s /& 9 ! way ( explor+ by balloon1 & up to ! pres5t "t1 ) "o great exception1 no special attempt has be5 made4 ,x has already be5 m5tion$ t bo? ,wise & ,gre5 wi%$ to cross ! ,atlantic by sky1 & inde$ at ! pres5t mom5t plans are actually be+ made on ! ,cont95t = a simil> voyage4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c sc>cely be call$ explor+4 ,o!r sugge/ions :i* may pres5tly be put to ! te/ are ! cross+ ( ! ,sah>a1 & also ( ano!r great des]t 9 ,c5tral ,arabia1 into :i* no :ite man has ev] succe$$ 9 p5etrat+4 ,rec5t exp$itions bo? to ! ,nor? & ,s\? ,poles h also tak5 ) !m balloons to be us$ captive = ! obs]vation ( ! /ate ( ! ice ahead1 & = obta9+ wide views ar\nd4 ,! "o great attempt at explor+ by balloon :i* has s f> be5 made has1 un=tunately1 met ) hopeless & t]rible disa/]--?is 0 ! ill-fat$ voyage to ! ,nor? ,pole ( ,&re & 8 companions4 ,! idea ( rea*+ ! ,pole by balloon 0 fir/ propos$ _m ye>s ago1 & bo? ,fr5* & ,engli% a]onauts at diff]5t times h made sugge/ions z to ! be/ way 9 :i* x might be accompli%$4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 0 attempt$ until ab\t ! ye> #ahid1 :5 ,m4 ,s4 ,a4 ,&re1 a well-kn[n ,sw$i% ballooni/1 :o _h already met ) excit+ exp]i5ces 9 ! air1 made up 8 m9d actually to risk ! v5ture4 ,8 plan 0 to take a suitable balloon1 & ! app>atus = inflat+ x1 to a place z f> nor? z a %ip c\ld safely g1 !n to fill ! balloon & wait = a fav\rable w9d :i* %\ld c>ry him "r ov] ! ,pole & beyond until inhabit$ c\ntry 0 rea*$4 ,by ! summ] ( #ahif all 8 prep>ations 7 complete4 ,8 balloon 0 an enorm\s "o1 capable ( hold+ #afb1jjj cubic feet ( gas1 & 0 fitt$ ) a rudd] sail & a long trail-rope1 by means ( :i* ,&re hop$ to be able to "s ext5t to /e] 8 c\rse across ! ice4 ,two companions 7 to accompany him on 8 voyage1 & on ,june #g? ! p>ty emb>k$ ) all _! app>atus1 & 7 convey$ to ,spitzb]g54 ,!y l&$ at ,dane's ,isl&1 :]e _! fir/ "w 0 to build !mselves a %$4 ,!y !n got _! gas-mak+ app>atus into ord]1 & fill$ ! balloon1 & by ! #bg? ( ,july 7 all ready = a />t4 ,b ! w9d 0 contr>y1 & day aft] day !y wait$ 9 va9 = a *ange1 until at la/ ! capta9 ( ! %ip :i* _h br\ght !m w>n$ !m !y w\ld be froz5 9 = ! w9t] unless !y return$ )\t delay4 ,v reluctantly1 !re=e1 !y ab&on$ _! v5ture = t ye>1 & w5t home1 leav+ beh9d !m ! %$ & gas-g5]ator = ano!r occasion4 ,! w9t] pass$1 & by ! end ( next ,may !y 7 back aga9 at ,dane's ,isl&4 ,_! %$ & app>atus _h suff]$ damage dur+ _! abs5ce1 & _h to be repair$1 & _! prep>ations 7 n complete until ! end ( ,june4 ,b aga9 ! w9d 0 contr>y1 & = ?ree weeks m !y wait$ impati5tly4 ,all ?is :ile ! balloon rema9$ inflat$1 & by ! long delay mu/ h lo/ a consid]able am\nt ( its buoyancy4 ,at la/ ! w9d *ang$1 & ?\gh x 0 n exactly 9 ! direction !y wi%$1 be+ a little we/ ( s\?1 in/ead ( due s\?1 ,&re felt he c\ld wait no long]1 & at half-pa/ two 9 ! aft]noon ( ,july #aa? set sail1 ) 8 two fri5ds1 on 8 d>+ voyage4 ,:at foll[$ is soon told4 ,elev5 days lat] "o ( ! c>ri] pigeons tak5 by ,&re 9 8 balloon 0 pick$ up by a fi%+-boat (f ,spitzb]g54 ,fa/5$ to x 0 ! foll[+ message3--8,july #ac?1 #ab4cj ,p4,m4 #hb #b nor? lat41 #ae #e ea/ long4 ,good j\rney ea/w>d4 ,all goes well on bo>d4--,,&r,e40 ,?is 0 ! late/ news ev] he>d ( ! ill-fat$ voyag]s4 ,lat] on two ( ,&re's buoys1 ?r[n out f ! balloon1 7 f\nd2 b ! messages ^! conta9$ 7 dat$ on ! ev5+ ( ,july #aa?1 only a few h\rs aft] ! />t4 ,if ! date ( ! fir/ f\nd message c be reli$ on1 x w\ld seem t aft] =ty-eight h\rs ,&re's balloon 0 /ill sail+ well1 & he _h already accompli%$ ! longe/ voyage al(t ev] made4 ,( 8 subsequ5t fate1 & t ( 8 companions1 no?+ is kn[n4 ,se>* exp$itions h fail$ to f9d any trace ( !m or ( ! balloon1 & ! _m rum\rs receiv$ h be5 prov$ to be false4 ,!re c be no possible reason to d\bt t ^! brave m5 p]i%$ 9 _! d>+ attempt1 & t _! bones lie 9 ! ,arctic ,sea or 9 ! wa/e ( ice & sn[ t surr\nds ! ,pole4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,air%ip ,s f> 9 our /ory we h trac$ ! orig9 & progress ( ! balloon1 %[+ h[ f small beg9n+s x has gr[n to be an important inv5tion1 ( great use to ! sci5tific obs]v]1 ! soldi]1 & ! explor]1 & ! means ( tea*+ u mu* fre% k4 ,b 9 spite ( ! high hopes ( e>ly a]onauts1 & ! extravagant prophecies made :5 ! fir/ balloons asc5d$ into ! sky1 x has long be5 evid5t t ! balloon alone has n solv$ ! problem ( human flight or accompli%$ ! conque/ ( ! air4 ,an ord9>y balloon is1 9 fact1 no?+ m ?an a m]e lift+ ma*9e1 no m capable ( sail+ ! sky1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 ?an a cork float+ 9 ! wat] is capable ( sail+ ! sea4 ,x has no movem5t ( its own1 b drifts simply at ! m]cy ( ! w9d1 & q beyond control4 ,by ! dis*>ge ( balla/1 or by ! lett+ out ( gas1 ! a]onaut c inde$ cause x to rise or s9k at pleasure1 & sometimes :5 two curr5ts ( air are bl[+ al(t 9 diff]5t directions at ! same "t he may1 by pass+ f "o to ! o!r1 8tack0 8 balloon to "s ext5t across ! sky4 ,o!rwise he has no p[] ( guid+ or direct+ x 9 ! lea/ degree1 & %\ld he lose sight ( ! e>? above ! cl\ds1 has ev5 no me?od ( tell+ 9 :i* direction he is travell+4 ,e>ly inv5tors ?\ght !y w\ld be able to /e] balloons by means ( sails1 l a boat1 b !y soon f\nd t ?is 0 impossible4 ,! effect ( hoi/+ a sail at ! side ( a balloon 0 m]ely to sw+ ! balloon r\nd until ! sail 0 9 front1 :ile meantime x cont9u$ its c\rse unalt]$4 ,! use ( a rudd] & o!r means 7 also tri$1 b )\t success2 nor c su* me?ods ev] hope to succe$ s long z a balloon floats 9 ! air at ! same pace z ! w9d t c>ries x =w>d4 ,a balloon travell+ ) ! w9d may be comp>$ to a boat drift+ idly ) ! tide4 ,z long z %e drifts %e refuses to answ] h] rudd]1 :i* sw+s idly4 ,b pres5tly ! boatman hoi/s a sail1 & ! w9d c>ries ! boat onw>ds fa/] ?an ! tide1 & !n imm$iately ! rudd] comes into action4 ,or %\ld !re be no w9d1 he may accompli% ! same ?+ by dragg+ an an*or or o!r weight 9 ! wat]1 & s sl[+ 8 boat d[n until x moves sl[] ?an ! curr5t2 he w !n aga9 f9d t 8 boat w answ] h] helm4 ,to /e] 8 c\rse 9 a balloon1 !re=e1 ! a]onaut mu/ s arrange t he is travell+ fa/] or sl[] ?an ! w9d 9 :i* he f9ds himself4 ,to travel fa/]1 he mu/ employ "s sort ( eng9e or motor to drive 8 craft onw>ds4 ,to travel sl[]1 he mu/ trail some?+ along ! gr\nd b5ea? to act z a drag4 ,"p ( ! equipm5t ( e balloon is a long trail-rope1 :i*1 :5 ! balloon is al(t1 hangs "s #cjj feet bel[ ! c>4 ,! object ( ?is rope is to break ! =ce ( ! fall :5 ! balloon comes d[n to ! e>? at ! end ( ! voyage4 ,9 ! great] numb] ( cases a balloon1 9 its f9al swoop to ! gr\nd1 falls ! la/ few hundr$ feet ) consid]able1 & (t5 uncom=table1 spe$4 ,b :5 provid$ ) a trail-rope1 z x desc5ds m & m ( ! heavy rope w lie along ! gr\nd1 & s light5 ! weight ( ! balloon1 & less5 ! %ock ( fall+4 ,if !n a trail-rope 7 us$ ( su* l5g? t x w\ld sweep along ! gr\nd :ile ! balloon 0 fly+ 9 ! air1 ! effect w\ld be to put a drag or brake on ! balloon1 & s r5d] x capable ( be+ /e]$ to "s ext5t ) a sail2 & ?is is :at has actually be5 done 9 all attempts ( ! k9d4 ,b s9ce a long rope dragg+ rapidly across ! c\ntry is a v dang]\s object1 capable ( do+ great damage1 & also liable to cat* 9 trees & o!r ob/acles1 su* exp]im5ts c only be tri$ ) safety ov] ! sea1 or1 z 9 ! case ( ,&re's voyage1 ov] des]t or un9habit$ c\ntry4 ,! be/ way ( /e]+ a balloon1 !re=e1 is to provide x ) "s me*anical p[] :i* %all urge x onw>ds at a great] spe$ ?an ! w9d2 & :5 ?is is done1 x has ceas$ to be a balloon 9 ! popul> s5se ( ! ^w1 & has become an 8air%ip40 ,!re is a great deal ( confusion betwe5 ! t]ms 8air%ip10 & 8fly+ ma*9e10 & ! two words are (t5 consid]$ z mean+ ! same ?+4 ,b :ile1 /rictly speak+1 nei!r ^w 9 itself has any v def9ite mean+1 x is gradually becom+ m g5]al to apply !m to two widely diff]5t objects4 ,accord+ to ?is plan1 al?\gh bo? names /& = an a]ial vessel capable ( travell+ 9 ! sky by its own motion1 an air%ip is a ma*9e support$ 9 ! air by reason ( its buoyancy1 :ile a fly+ ma*9e is kept al(t only by virtue ( its onw>d movem5t4 ,9 o!r words1 "p ( ! con/ruction ( an air%ip consi/s ( a bag or balloon1 fill$ ) gas or hot air1 :i* causes ! :ole to rise & ma9ta9 its position 9 ! air4 ,?is balloon "p is q indep5d5t ( ! ma*9]y :i* drives ! air%ip =w>d1 & inde$ if ! eng9e ceases work+1 ! vessel becomes no?+ m ?an an ord9>y balloon 9 its nature1 & w behave l "o4 ,an air%ip1 !re=e1 is 9 pr9ciple an app>atus light] ?an air4 ,a fly+ ma*9e1 on ! contr>y1 is heavi] ?an air1 & ma9ta9s its position al(t m]ely by ! p[] x obta9s f its eng9es1 assi/$ by its special con/ruction4 ,! inv5tors ( fly+ ma*9es take z _! analogy ! flight ( birds4 ,birds are creatures heavi] ?an air1 :i* yet manage to rise & fly by reason ( ! /r5g? & con/ruction ( _! w+s4 ,9 ! same way ! heavy fly+ ma*9e essays to fly by ! p[] ( its ma*9]y4 ,&1 z a bird al(t1 if its w+s became disabl$1 w\ld in/antly drop t[>ds e>?1 s a fly+ ma*9e w\ld imm$iately comm5ce to fall if its eng9e /opp$ or ceas$ to move ) suffici5t p[]4 ,! air%ip & ! fly+ ma*9e1 !re=e1 may be reg>d$ z rival a]ial vessels1 & _! inv5tors & advocates1 sometimes kn[n z 8light]-?an-air-ites0 & 8heavi]-?an-air-ites10 ?\gh bo? work+ = ! same end1 are endeav\r+ to accompli% _! aim by widely diff]5t me?ods4 ,up to ! pres5t day ! air%ip--to :i* we w fir/ turn our att5tion--has be5 mu* m l>gely & successfully exp]im5t$ ) ?an ! fly+ ma*9e4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! op9ion ( _m1 includ+ ! great au?ority ,sir ,hiram ,maxim1 t 9 ! future ! fly+ ma*9e w become ! m important inv5tion ( ! two4 8,9 all ,nature10 says ,sir ,hiram1 8we d n f9d a s+le balloon4 ,all ,nature's fly+ ma*9es are heavi] ?an air40 ,& f ?is he argues t1 z ,nature is ev] our be/ guide & example1 a fly+ ma*9e heavi] ?an air w be 9 ! end mo/ likely to succe$4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ air%ips :i* a*iev$ any success 0 inv5t$ by a ,fr5*man1 ,m4 ,giff>d1 ab\t ! ye> #aheb4 ,he made 8 balloon ( an elongat$ or cig> %ape1 a =m adopt$ by air%ip inv5tors z (f]+ less resi/ance to ! air ?an ! ord9>y globul> or pe> %ape4 ,to ?is balloon1 :i* 0 #ajd feet long & #ci feet 9 diamet]1 he atta*$ a /eam-eng9e ( ?ree-horse p[]1 weigh+ #dfb lbs4 & work+ a screw-propell]1 :i*1 by its rapid revolutions1 urg$ ! balloon onw>ds ?r\gh ! air1 ev5 z ! screw ( a /eam%ip urges ! vessel ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,) ?is app>atus he succe$$ on "o occasion1 = a v %ort :ile1 9 obta9+ a spe$ ( six & a half miles an h\r4 ,tw5ty ye>s lat] ano!r ,fr5*man1 ,m4 ,dupuy de ,lme1 con/ruct$ ano!r air%ip2 b fe>+ to place an eng9e s ne> ! gas ( 8 balloon1 he us$ ! /r5g? ( eight m5 to "w 8 screw4 ,?is 0 a v wa/eful mode ( supply+ en]gy1 = ! weight ( ! m5 0 v great 9 proportion to _! /r5g?1 & ?is ma*9e1 dur+ its trial1 did n atta9 z great a spe$ z ,giff>d's4 ,twelve ye>s aft] a ?ird ,fr5*man1 ,m4 ,tiss&i]1 took up ! same exp]im5ts4 ,8 elongat$ balloon 0 small] ?an ! two previ\s1 & 8 eng9e 0 an electric motor ( "o & a half horse-p[]4 ,on "o occasion a spe$ ( ne>ly eight miles an h\r 0 atta9$4 ,by ?is "t ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t _h become int]e/$ 9 ! "w1 & provid$ money to cont9ue inve/igations4 ,! result ( ?is 0 t 9 #ahhe two (fic]s ( ! ,fr5* army1 ,capta9s ,r5>d & ,krebs1 br\ght out by f> ! mo/ successful air%ip yet con/ruct$4 ,x 0 #afe feet long1 #bg feet 9 diamet]1 & 0 driv5 by an electric motor ( n9e horse-p[]4 ,t ?is ma*9e prov$ itself p]fectly capable ( be+ guid$ 9 ! air is amply %[n by ! fact t x return$ to its %$ five times out ( ! sev5 on :i* x 0 publicly tak5 out4 ,x also atta9$ a spe$ ( f\rte5 miles an h\r1 & inde$ x w\ld seem t ,r5>d & ,krebs1 al?\gh _! names are n[ almo/ =gott51 accompli%$ ne>ly z great ?+s tw5ty ye>s ago z ! popul> air%ip inv5tors ( ! pres5t day4 ,"o ( ! greate/ difficulties ) :i* e>ly inv5tors _h to cont5d 0 ! enorm\s weight ( _! eng9es4 ,! ma*9]y !y 7 oblig$ to use to drive _! air%ips ?r\gh ! air weigh$ m ?an _! balloons1 unless made ( unwieldy size1 _h p[] to lift4 ,! same difficulty inde$ exi/s at ! pres5t "t1 ?\gh to a mu* less degree4 ,( late ye>s1 & especially s9ce ! introduction ( ! motor-c>1 great progress has be5 made 9 ! con/ruction ( light b p[]ful eng9es1 or motors1 & ! employm5t ( petrol vap\r in/ead ( coal or oil has v greatly less5$ ! weight ( ! fuel :i* has to be c>ri$4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is improvem5t _m air%ips h rec5tly be5 made :i* h met ) v>y+ success1 & _m m are at ! pres5t mom5t 9 process ( con/ruction4 ,among ! ho/ ( inv5tors1 ^: names x w\ld "h be impossible ev5 to m5tion1 ?ree /& out f ! re/ 9 special prom95ce--,zeppel91 ,santos ,dumont1 & ,/anley ,sp5c]--all ?ree ! inv5tors ( air%ips :i* h1 by actual exp]i5ce1 prov$ _! p[] ( /e]+ a c\rse across ! sky4 ,( ^! rival air%ips1 by f> ! l>ge/ & mo/ elaborate 0 t built by ! fir/ nam$1 ,c\nt ,zeppel91 a di/+ui%$ vet]an soldi] ( ! ,g]man army4 ,= _m ye>s he _h sp5t 8 "t & =tune 9 mak+ exp]im5ts 9 a]ial navigation1 & at l5g? 9 #aijj1 hav+ =m$ a company & collect$ a l>ge sum ( money = ! purpose1 he produc$ an enorm\s air%ip1 :i*1 f its size1 has be5 comp>$ to a man-(-w>4 ,9 %ape ,c\nt ,zeppel9's inv5tion resembl$ a gigantic cig>1 #dbj feet 9 l5g?1 po9t$ at bo? ends4 ,! framework 0 made ( ! specially light metal alum9ium1 cov]$ ov] ) silk1 & ?\gh f outside x look$ all 9 "o piece1 )9 x 0 divid$ into sev5te5 comp>tm5ts1 ea* hold+ a sep>ate balloon made ( oil$ silk & absolutely gas-tight4 ,! object ( ?is 0 to prev5t ! t5d5cy ! gas has to collect all at "o end z ! %ip =ces its way ?r\gh ! air4 ,^! balloons 7 fill$ ) pure hydrog51 ! co/ ( ! inflation alone be+ #ejj4 ,b5ea? 0 slung a long gangway1 #cdf feet 9 l5g?1 ) two c>s1 also made ( alum9ium1 atta*$ to x4 ,9 ^! c>s 7 plac$ two motor-eng9es ( sixte5 horse p[] ea*1 driv5 by b5z9e1 & work+ a pair ( screw-propell]s atta*$ to ! balloon4 ,a /e]+ app>atus 0 plac$ at ea* end1 & ! :ole ma*9e1 ) five pass5g]s1 weigh$ ab\t elev5 tons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,zeppel9',s ,,air%ip ,,ov] ,,lake ,,con/ance4 ,to less5 ! effects ( a possible fall1 ! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out ov] wat]1 & ! great air%ip 0 h\s$ 9 a %$ built on ,lake ,con/ance4 ,! co/ ( ?is %$ alone 0 enorm\s1 = x 0 elaborately con/ruct$ on pontoons1 & an*or$ 9 su* a way t x c\ld be turn$ r\nd to all[ ! air%ip to be lib]at$ f x 9 ! be/ direction to suit ! w9d4 ,! trial trip 0 made "o ev5+ 9 ,june #aijj1 :5 a v light w9d 0 bl[+4 ,! great ma*9e rose into ! air1 c>ry+ ,zeppel9 & f\r companions to a height ( #hjj feet4 ,! /e]+ app>atus !n be+ put into action1 x circl$ r\nd & fac$ ! w9d1 rema9$ /ation>y = a %ort :ile1 & !n sank gracefully & g5tly ^u ! wat]4 ,a few days lat] ano!r & m successful trial 0 made4 ,! w9d at ! "t 0 bl[+ at sixte5 miles an h\r1 b 9 spite ( ?is ! air%ip sl[ly /e]$ its c\rse aga9/ ! w9d = ?ree & a half miles1 :51 "o ( ! rudd]s break+1 x 0 oblig$ to come d[n4 ,on "o or two o!r occasions also x made successful voyages1 prov+ itself to be p]fectly manageable & capable ( be+ /e]$ on an absolutely calm day4 ,! exp5se ( ! exp]im5ts 01 h[ev]1 trem5d\s2 money fell %ort1 & ! great ma*9e1 ! result ( _m ye>s' lab\r & ?\ght1 has s9ce be5 ab&on$ & brok5 up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,santos ,,dumont',s ,,air%ip4 ,a f> happi] fate has s f> att5d$ ! ef=ts ( ! brave "y ,brazilian1 ,alb]t ,santos ,dumont4 ,! weal?y son ( a successful c(fee-plant]1 he _h always f 8 boyhood be5 ke5ly int]e/$ 9 a]onautics1 &1 com+ to ,p>is1 he con/ruct$ 9 #ahih an air%ip ( a some:at novel k9d4 ,8 balloon 0 cig>-%ap$1 #hc feet long1 & hold+ #fejj feet ( pure hydrog54 ,atta*$ to ! balloon1 & work+ a propell]1 0 a small motor l ^? us$ = motor cycles1 & a/ride ( ?is ,santos ,dumont rode1 bicycle fa%ion1 /e]+ 8 c\rse ) a rudd]4 ,9 ?is +5i\s ma*9e he asc5d$ f ! ,botanical ,g>d5s 9 ,p>is & circl$ sev]al times r\nd ! l>ge captive balloon !n moor$ !re1 aft] :i* he made a numb] ( bold sweeps 9 ! air1 until an accid5t occurr$ to 8 eng9e & he came precipitately to ! gr\nd4 ,?\gh %ak5 he 0 by no means disc\rag$1 & decl>$ 8 int5tion ( cont9u+ 8 exp]im5ts until he %\ld h inv5t$ an air%ip :i*1 9 8 own words1 %\ld be 8n a m]e play?+1 b a practical inv5tion1 capable ( be+ appli$ 9 a ?or\ghly useful fa%ion40 ,accord+ly he con/ruct$ "o ma*9e aft] ano!r1 ga9+ fre% k by ea* new exp]i5ce1 & pr(it+ by ! accid5ts & failures :i* cont9ually beset him 9 8 dang]\s & d>+ "w4 ,be=e long also he receiv$ an additional inc5tive to 8 lab\rs4 ,e>ly 9 ! ye> ( #aijj x 0 ann\nc$ by ! ,p>is ,a]o ,club1 a society ( ,fr5*m5 int]e/$ 9 a]onautical matt]s1 t "o ( its memb]s1 ,m4 ,deuts*1 _h (f]$ a prize ( #ajj1jjj francs--ab\t #djjj--to ! man :o1 />t+ f ! ,a]o ,club gr\nds at ,long*amps 9 a balloon or fly+ ma*9e1 %\ld /e] 8 c\rse "r r\nd ! ,eiffel ,t[] & back to ! />t+-place--a di/ance ( ?ree & a half miles--)9 half an h\r4 ,if ! prize 7 n won )9 a c]ta9 "t1 8 (f] 0 to be )drawn1 & mean:ile he promis$ a c]ta9 sum ( money e ye> = ! enc\ragem5t ( a]onautical exp]im5ts4 ,! (f] ( ?is rew>d set _m inv5tors to "w ^u ! con/ruction ( v>i\s a]ial vessels ( all k9ds1 b f ! beg9n+ ,santos ,dumont 0 well to ! =e4 ,by ! middle ( #aija he _h complet$ :at 0 8 six? air%ip--a cig>-%ap$ balloon1 #ajj feet long1 its propell] work$ by a motor-c> eng9e ( fifte5 horse-p[]--& ) x1 on ,july #ae?1 he made a spl5did attempt = ! prize4 ,/>t+ f ! ,club gr\nds1 he rea*$ ! ,eiffel ,t[] 9 ?irte5 m9utes1 &1 circl+ r\nd x1 />t$ back on 8 homew>d j\rney4 ,b ?is "t 8 voyage 0 aga9/ ! w9d1 :i* 0 really too /rong = ! success ( 8 exp]im5t2 "p ( 8 eng9e broke d[n1 & ! balance ( ! vessel became upset2 & al?\gh he manag$ to fight 8 way back to ! />t+ po9t1 he arriv$ elev5 m9utes beh9d "t1 & s fail$ to fulfil ,m4 ,deuts*'s conditions4 ,aga91 on ! #i? ( ,augu/1 hav+ 9 ! meantime made fur!r trials ) 8 ma*9e1 he emb>k$ on ano!r attempt to c>ry (f ! prize4 ,he *ose ! e>ly h\rs ( ! morn+1 />t+ %ortly aft] six f ! ,club gr\nds1 :]e only a few fri5ds1 among !m ! ke5ly int]e/$ ,m4 ,deuts*1 7 pres5t4 ,! day 0 app>5tly p]fect1 & :51 aft] ! lapse ( five m9utes only1 he _h rea*$ ! ,t[] & swung gracefully r\nd x1 e "o 0 conv9c$ t ?is "t ! prize 0 c]ta9 to be won4 ,b ! homew>d j\rney 0 all aga9/ ! w9d1 :i* 0 bl[+ m p[]fully al(t ?an on ! gr\nd1 & sudd5ly ! onlook]s 7 horrifi$ to see ! =e "p ( ! balloon d\ble "r back4 ,by s do+ ! silk5 envelope became torn & ! gas began escap+4 ,rapidly ! balloon appe>$ to )] up & %r9k toge!r4 ,! eng9e 0 se5 /ill to be work+1 ?\gh no progress 0 n[ be+ made4 ,!n ! :ole app>atus collaps$ utt]ly1 & fell ) sick5+ spe$ ^u ! h\se-tops4 ,deuts* & 8 companions wat*$ ! fall horror-/ruck1 & jump+ into _! motorc>s hurri$ to ! spot1 conv9c$ t a fatal accid5t mu/ h occurr$4 ,b !y f\nd t1 al?\gh ! air%ip 0 sma%$ to pieces1 its plucky inv5tor _h almo/ miracul\sly escap$ unhurt4 ,! wreck$ ma*9e _h fall5 ^u ! ro( ( a h\se 9 su* a way t ! keel _h caught ^u a corn]1 & ! c>1 :i* 0 fa/5$ to x1 hung at a p]il\s angle d[n ! side ( a wall4 ,=tunately ,dumont 0 secur$ to 8 c> by a lea!r belt1 & he manag$ to hold on1 ?\gh 9 consid]able dang] le/ ! keel %\ld break & let him fall1 until rescu$ by a fireman ) a rope4 ,8 ma*9e 0 hopelessly ru9$2 b :5 ask$ :at he int5d$ to d next he m]ely answ]$3 8,beg9 aga94 ,only a little pati5ce is necess>y40 ,a new ma*9e1 8,santos ,dumont ,,vii410 0 ready 9 less ?an a mon?1 & te/$ on ! #f? ( ,septemb]4 ,x behav$ beautifully1 & all w5t well until ! trail-rope caught 9 a tree4 ,9 lib]at+ x ! framework became b5t1 & ! air%ip 0 be+ t[$ back to its %$ :5 a sudd5 gu/ ( w9d tore x away f ^? :o held x4 ,x imm$iately rose into ! air1 & on ,dumont op5+ ! valve ! :ole collaps$ & fell to e>? ) a great %ock4 ,aga9 ! lucky inv5tor escap$ unhurt1 ?\gh own+ ?is "t t he _h 8felt really fright5$40 ,t5 days lat]1 9 ano!r trial1 ! air%ip came 9 contact ) "s trees1 :i* pi]c$ ! silk & let out ! gas1 s t x fell precipitately tw5ty feet4 ,b ! a]onaut appe>$ to be> a *>m$ life1 = once m he 0 none ! worse = ! fall4 ,sev]al o!r unsuccessful trials foll[$1 & !n1 on ! #ai? ( ,octob]1 ,santos ,dumont made ano!r gr& attempt = ! prize4 ,/>t+ ) ! w9d 9 8 fav\r1 8 ma*9e travell$ at ! rate ( ?irty miles an h\r1 & r\nd$ ! ,eiffel ,t[] 9 n9e m9utes4 ,b 9 ! j\rney homew>ds ! air%ip _h to /ruggle ) a w9d bl[+ at ?irte5 miles an h\r4 ,9 endeav\r+ to 8tack0 ! ma*9]y became upset1 & ,dumont1 leav+ 8 c>1 crawl$ along ! framework to ! motor1 :i* he succe$$ 9 putt+ 9 ord] aga94 ,b ?is naturally occasion$ "s delay1 & ?\gh he accompli%$ ! re/ ( 8 j\rney 9 eight m9utes1 ! ,committee at fir/ decid$ he _h exce$$ ! allott$ "t by =ty seconds1 & s _h lo/ ! prize4 ,great popul> indignation 0 excit$ by ?is decision1 = public sympa?y 0 all ) ! d>+ & p]si/5t "y ,brazilian1 & ,m4 ,deuts* himself 0 mo/ anxi\s he %\ld receive ! aw>d4 ,f9ally1 he 0 consid]$ to h fairly won x1 & ! money1 :i* he aft]w>ds divid$ among ! poor1 0 =mally pres5t$ to him4 ,e>ly 9 ! next ye> ,santos ,dumont cont9u$ 8 exp]im5ts at ,monaco1 & on "o occasion came d[n 9 ! sea1 & _h to be rescu$ 9 ! ,pr9ce ( ,monaco's own /eam ya*t4 ,aft] ?is !re 0 a talk ( fur!r voyages be+ made 9 ,engl&1 b ! project came to no?+1 & al?\gh ,dumont made o!r asc5ts 9 ,p>is 9 ! summ] ( #aijc1 he does n appe> to h eclips$ 8 previ\s record4 ,b al?\gh ,santos ,dumont came ?r\gh all 8 accid5ts & p]ils s happily1 8 example l$ to t]rible disa/] on ! "p ( a luckless imitator4 ,9 #aijb ,m4 ,sev]o1 also a ,brazilian1 0 fir$ ) a desire to %>e 8 fell[-c\ntryman's fame1 & he also con/ruct$ an air%ip ) :i* he propos$ to d great ?+s4 ,b :ile ,dumont 0 a skill$ a]onaut ( l>ge exp]i5ce1 z well z a me*anician1 ,sev]o knew sc>cely any?+ ab\t ! subject1 & _h only be5 al(t once or twice4 ,pro( ( 8 ignorance is %[n by ! fact t 8 motor-eng9e 0 plac$ only a few feet away f ! valve ?r\gh :i* ! gas f ! balloon w\ld escape4 ,! asc5t took place 9 ,p>is e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( ! #ab? ( ,may1 & 0 witness$1 unhappily1 by ,sev]o's wife & son4 ,bidd+ !m good-bye1 he /epp$ into ! c>1 &1 accompani$ by an assi/ant1 rose above ! t[n4 ,! balloon rose /eadily1 & appe>$ to /e] well4 ,!n ,sev]o comm5c$ to ?r[ out balla/1 & :5 ! air%ip _h ris5 #bjjj feet x 0 sudd5ly se5 to bur/ into a %eet ( flame4 ,a t]rible explosion foll[$1 & !n ! :ole fell to ! gr\nd a hopeless wreck1 & ! two m5 7 da%$ to pieces 9 ! fall4 ,x is believ$ t ?is dreadful disa/]1 :i* recalls ! fate ( ,piltre de ,rozi]1 0 caus$ by ! hydrog5 gas1 :i* escap$ f ! valve dur+ ! rapid rise1 becom+ ignit$ by ! eng9e1 :i*1 z has be5 said1 0 plac$ dang]\sly close4 ,nor 0 ?is1 unhappily1 ! only accid5t ( ! k9d 9 ,p>is dur+ ! ye>4 ,only five mon?s lat]1 on ! #ac? ( ,octob]1 ,b>on ,bradsky asc5d$ ) an assi/ant 9 a l>ge air%ip ( 8 own inv5tion4 ,?r\gh faulty con/ruction1 ! /eel wires :i* fa/5$ ! c> to ! balloon broke1 ! two became sep>at$1 ! c> fell1 & its occupants 7 kill$ on ! spot4 ,s f>1 ! cr$it ( ! only ,engli% air%ip :i* has yet fl[n re/s ) ,mr4 ,/anley ,sp5c]1 ! well-kn[n a]onaut4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] comes ( a race ( a]onauts4 ,8 gr&fa!r1 ,edw>d ,sp5c]1 0 ! great fri5d & colleague ( ,*>les ,gre51 & %>$ ) him "s ( 8 *ief balloon+ adv5tures1 notably ! t]rible voyage :5 ,cock+ lo/ 8 life4 ,gre5 /ood godfa!r to ,edw>d ,sp5c]'s son1 :o 0 *ri/5$ ,*>les ,gre5 aft] him4 ,he also grew up to be an a]onaut1 & made sev]al inv5tions & improvem5ts relat+ to balloons & fly+ ma*9es4 ,8 love ( balloon+1 inh]it$ f 8 fa!r1 has be5 pass$ on to 8 *ildr51 & 8 ?ree elde/ sons1 ,p]cival1 ,ar?ur1 & ,/anley1 are *ief among ,briti% a]onauts1 & inde$ h practically ! monopoly ( pr(essional balloon+ & balloon manufacture 9 ,great ,brita94 ,nor h !y conf9$ !mselves to ?is c\ntry4 ,all ?ree h tak5 _! balloons & p>a*utes to di/ant p>ts ( ! _w1 & among _! _m hundr$s ( asc5ts1 bo? abroad & at home1 h met ) all mann] ( excit+ & p]il\s adv5tures1 ?\gh nev] yet ) s]i\s mi%ap4 ,_! k ( practical a]onautics1 !n1 is unrivall$1 & ,mr4 ,/anley ,sp5c] _h ! exp]i5ce ( ?ree g5]ations to guide him :51 9 #aijb1 he set to "w to build an air%ip :i* he _h long be5 devis+4 ,8 fir/ ma*9e 0 a comp>atively small "o1 capable only ( lift+ a light man4 ,x took ! usual =m ( a cig>-%ap$ balloon1 ! framework ( :i* 0 built ( bamboo1 driv5 =w>d by a screw-propell] work$ by a small petrol eng9e4 ,w>n$ by ! fate ( ! un=tunate ,sev]o1 ,mr4 ,sp5c] plac$ 8 eng9e f> away f ! valve4 ,pr(it+ also by ,santos ,dumont's exp]i5ce1 he con/ruct$ 8 balloon 9 su* a mann] t1 %\ld x become torn & ! gas escape1 ! empty silk w\ld collapse into ! =m ( a p>a*ute & break ! fall4 ,fur!rmore1 !re 0 an arrangem5t by :i*1 :ile al(t1 ord9>y air c\ld be =c$ into ! balloon to replace any loss ( gas1 & s keep ! silk always fully inflat$ & 8taut0--a v important factor 9 a ma*9e t has to be driv5 =w>d ?r\gh ! atmosph]e4 ,) ?is air%ip ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 z also 8 equally d>+ wife1 made sev]al highly successful trials at ! ,cry/al ,palace1 :5 x 0 f\nd to /e] well & answ] its helm mo/ satisfactorily4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] also made two long voyages1 f ,london & f ,blackpool1 on bo? ( :i* occasions he f\nd he c\ld manuvre 8 air%ip ) consid]able success1 make circul> flights1 & sail aga9/ ! w9d1 provid$ x 0 bl[+ only at mod]ate spe$4 ,enc\rag$ by 8 success1 he next built a simil> b mu* l>g] ma*9e1 ne>ly a hundr$ feet long1 hold+ #cj1jjj cubic feet ( gas1 & driv5 by a petrol motor ( tw5ty-f\r horse-p[]4 ,9 ?is case ! propell]1 in/ead ( be+ plac$ at ! re>1 z 9 g5]al1 is at ! front ( ! air%ip1 !reby pull+ x =w>d ?r\gh ! air in/ead ( pu%+ x f beh9d4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ,mr4 ,sp5c] ?9ks 8 balloon w\ld h less t5d5cy to d\ble up :5 urg$ aga9/ a /rong w9d4 ,! /e]+ is done by a rudd] sail at ! /]n1 & to cause 8 ma*9e to sail high] or l[]1 ! a]onaut po9ts its head up or d[n by means ( a heavy balance-rope4 ,?is new air%ip 0 ready by ! summ] ( #aijc1 b ! unfav\rable wea!r ( t /ormy season aga9 & aga9 int]f]$ ) ! exp]im5ts4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,septemb] ,mr4 ,sp5c] ann\nc$ 8 int5tion ( sail+ f ! ,cry/al ,palace r\nd ! dome ( ,/4 ,paul's1 & return+ to 8 />t+-place4 ,! ,ca!dral 0 inde$ safely rea*$1 b ! increas+ breeze1 n[ bl[+ half a gale1 baffl$ all 8 attempts to circle r\nd4 ,aga9 & aga91 till 8 h&s 7 cut & ble$+ ) ! /ra9 ( ! ropes1 he br\ght 8 ma*9e up1 quiv]+1 to ! w9d1 b all to no purpose1 until at l5g?1 ab&on+ ! attempt1 he sail$ ) ! curr5t to ,b>net4 ,m fav\rable results may d\btless be look$ = ) bett] wea!r conditions4 ,9 ,france dur+ #aijc ! bro!rs ,lebaudy made "s successful trips ) an air%ip ( _! own con/ruction4 ,_m o!r air%ips are n[ be+ built 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 9 prep>ation = ! a]onautical competitions to take place 9 ,am]ica on ! occasion ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,exhibition ( ?is ye>4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,fly+ ,,ma*9e ,x is n[ "t we turn our att5tion f ! air%ip to its important rival1 ! fly+ ma*9e4 ,at fir/ sight x may p]haps appe> t s f> ! fly+ ma*9e has accompli%$ less ?an ! air%ip1 & gives less promise ( success1 s9ce up to ! pres5t "t no fly+ ma*9e has tak5 a man any di/ance into ! air1 or inde$ done mu* m ?an j lift itself (f ! gr\nd4 ,nev]!less ^? :o h made a /udy ( ! matt] are full ( hope = ! future4 ,_m exp]ts decl>e t already ! limits ( :at c be done ) ! air%ip1 :i* dep5ds ^u ! lift+ p[] ( its gas to raise x & to su/a9 x 9 ! air1 are be+ rea*$4 ,x has inde$ be5 prov$ t on a calm day1 or ) only a light breeze1 ?is =m ( sky vessel c be /e]$ safely ab\t ! heav5s1 & d\btless z eng9es are con/ruct$ yet light] & m p[]ful 9 proportion to _! weight1 m successful voyages /ill w be accompli%$4 ,b x is extremely d\btful :e!r an air%ip c ev] be con/ruct$ :i* %all be able to /& aga9/ a gale ( w9d4 ,s long z a balloon sails only ) ! breeze x (f]s no resi/ance to ! =ce ( ! w9d1 & c be made ( ! lighte/ & ?9ne/ mat]ial4 ,b directly x has to face ! w9d1 & fight its way aga9/ x z an air%ip mu/ d1 !n x has to be made ( suffici5t /r5g? & rigidity to )/& ! w9d's p[]1 or x w be bl[n to pieces4 ,to make s l>ge a ?+ z an air%ip )/& a r\gh w9d1 x mu/ be built ( v /rong & rigid mat]ials4 ,to d ?is means to add to ! weight ( ! ma*9e4 ,to lift ! increas$ weight1 a l>g] ma*9e :i* c hold m gas is ne$$4 ,! l>g] ! ma*9e ! m surface x (f]s to ! w9d1 & ! /rong] !re=e mu/ be its con/ruction4 ,x w n[ be se5 t we are argu+ 9 a circle1 & we c und]/& t a po9t mu/ be rea*$ 9 ! mak+ ( air%ips :51 ) our pres5t mat]ials1 ! advantage ga9$ by increase ( /r5g? w be m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by increas$ weight4 ,on ?is po9t ,sir ,hiram ,maxim says3 8,x is n possible to make a balloon1 /rong en\gh to be driv5 ?r\gh ! air at any consid]able spe$1 at ! same "t light en\gh to rise 9 ! air2 !re=e balloons mu/ always be at ! m]cy ( a w9d no great] ?an t :i* prevails at lea/ #cjj days 9 ! ye>20 add+1 8,^? :o seek to navigate ! air by ma*9es light] ?an air h1 ,i ?9k1 come practically to ! end ( _! te!r40 ,) ! fly+ ma*9e1 on ! contr>y1 ! same difficulty does n arise4 ,s9ce x is at all times heavi] ?an air1 & is kept al(t simply by its motive p[] & me*anism1 its weight is ( no consequ5ce1 provid$ only its eng9e is suffici5tly p[]ful4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be built z rigidly z ne$ be1 :ile1 f its size--:i* is mu* small] 9 proportion to its lift+ p[] ?an 9 ! case ( ! air%ip--& also f its con/ruction1 x is mu* less liable to be affect$ by ! w9d4 ,9 con/ruct+ a fly+ ma*9e :i* is heavi] ?an air ! inv5tor has be=e him two examples ( bodies :i*1 ?\gh heavi] ?an ! atmosph]e1 yet contrive to rise upw>ds into ! sky2 ^! are1 fir/ly1 birds1 & secondly1 ! famili> s*oolboy toys1 kites4 ,to imitate ! fly+ p[]s ( birds & kites1 he mu/ fir/ und]/& ! means by :i* _! flight is accompli%$2 & he w f9d1 on exam9ation1 t to a l>ge ext5t ! same pr9ciple und]lies ea*--! pr9ciple ( :at is t]m$ ! 8a]oplane40 ,illu/ration3 ,,ke/rel4 ,z we wat* birds--especially l>ge birds1 z hawks & gulls--w++ _! way ab\t ! sky1 we may notice t _! flight is accompli%$ 9 two ways2 ei!r !y are mov+ ?r\gh ! air by flapp+ _! w+s up & d[n1 or else ) w+s wide out/ret*$ !y are so>+ or sail+ 9 ! air = long times toge!r )\t app>5tly mov+ _! w+s at all4 ,c]ta9 birds1 su* z vultures & albatrosses1 possess ?is p[] ( so>+ flight to an extraord9>y degree1 & ! exact way 9 :i* !y keep !mselves pois$ al(t is inde$ /ill a my/]y4 ,we _c1 h[ev]1 z we wat*1 say1 a hawk1 hov]+ 9 ! air ) motionless w+1 help be+ /ruck by its resemblance to ! s*oolboy's kite1 kept afloat high 9 ! sky by ! action ( ! w9d prop]ly appli$ to its surface1 & we c at once see t ! bird makes use ( ! same pr9ciple z ! kite 9 its so>+ or hov]+ flight4 ,inde$1 j z a kite s9ks to e>? :5 ! w9d drops1 s 9 a dead calm ev5 an albatross has to flap its w+s to keep afloat4 ,x is to ! pr9ciple ( ! kite1 !re=e1 t ! inv5tor ( ! fly+ ma*9e mu/ turn4 ,he mu/ adapt ! same pr9ciple to 8 app>atus1 & ?is he does 9 8 a]oplane1 :i*1 z w be se51 is an all-important "p ( 8 ma*9e1 & :i*1 9 its simple/ =m1 is no?+ m or less ?an a kite4 ,we "k t if a light flat body1 su* z a kite1 is ly+ ^u ! gr\nd1 & ! w9d gets "u x s z to tilt x1 x w be lift$ by ! w9d into ! air4 ,! /r+ ( a kite is s adju/$ t z ! kite rises x is /ill held at an angle to ! w9d's =ce1 & s long z ! kite rema9s tilt$ at ! necess>y angle s long x w cont9ue to rise or poise itself 9 ! air :ile ! w9d bl[s4 ,:5 s*oolboys fly _! kites !y *oose an expos$ spot1 & a day :5 ! w9d is bl[+ fre%ly & /eadily4 ,"o boy ?r[s ! kite into ! air1 :ile ano!r1 hold+ ! /r+ to :i* x is fa/5$1 draws x tight by runn+ ) x aga9/ ! w9d4 ,by ?is means ! kite1 if rightly adju/$1 is held at ! prop] angle to ! w9d1 & />t$ )\t dragg+ along ! gr\nd to beg9 )4 ,z soon z ! w9d has fairly caught ! kite & c>ri$ x up into ! air1 ! boy :o holds ! /r+ ne$ run no long]1 b if ! breeze sudd5ly fails1 & ! kite beg9s to drop1 he may /ill keep 8 toy al(t by runn+ quickly along & dragg+ ! kite aft] him2 ! artificial w9d he ?us creates mak+ up = ! lack ( ! o!r4 ,n[ let u suppose t !re is no /r+ to hold ! kite 9 prop] position1 & no boy to run ) x2 b t _! places are suppli$ by a motor & propell] to drive x ?r\gh ! air2 :ile at ! same "t x is s balanc$ z to pres]ve a fitt+ angle aga9/ a w9d ( its own mak+4 ,we %\ld !n h a true fly+ ma*9e1 heavi] ?an air1 & yet capable ( sail+ ?r\gh ! sky4 ,?is is ! k9d ( fly+ ma*9e t inv5tors at ! pres5t mom5t are try+ to produce4 ,!y h1 9 _! ma*9es1 to reproduce artificially two ess5tial conditions t cause a kite to fly4 ,!y h to provide a sub/itute = ! /r5g? ( ! w9d1 & also a sub/itute = ! pull ( ! /r+ :i* keeps ! kite at ! be/ angle to pr(it by t /r5g?4 ,! fir/ !y a*ieve by us+ a suitable eng9e or motor1 & ! second by supply+ x ) :at are call$ 8a]oplanes0--l>ge flat surfaces1 light b rigid1 incl9$ at a suitable angle to ! horizon4 ,by ! use ( ^! ! p[] ( ! eng9e is employ$ to be/ advantage 9 caus+ ! ma*9e to sail ?r\gh ! sky4 ,! great advantage ( ! a]oplane ov] any o!r mode ( fly+ is ?us describ$ by ,major ,bad5-,p[ell1 "o ( our greate/ liv+ au?orities on a]onautical matt]s3 8,:5 p realise t 9 ! case ( ! a]oplane a contrivance l ! awn+ ( a small /eam laun* is capable ( support+ ! man & ! eng9es1 & t 9 ! case ( ! balloon a mass l a big %ip is necess>y to lift ! same weight1 "o c readily und]/& ! advantages ( ! a]oplane1 especially :5 to ! drawbacks ( ! bulky balloon are add$ ! great difficulties inh]5t 9 ! ret5tion ( a l>ge volume ( exp5sive1 inflammable1 & subtle gas1 ev] v>y+ 9 its d5sity40 ,! mo/ successful inv5tors ( fly+ ma*9es at ! pres5t day are all ,am]icans1 ?\gh "o ( !m has made 8 exp]im5ts on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,!y are ,sir ,hiram ,maxim1 inv5tor ( ! fam\s gun1 & "o ( ! greate/ me*anicians liv+2 ,pr(essor ,langley1 ,secret>y ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute1 ,wa%+ton2 & ! bro!rs ,wright4 ,mr4 ,maxim1 z he !n 01 comm5c$ 8 exp]im5ts 9 ! e>ly n9eties4 ,z we h already %[n1 he w5t to ,nature = 8 guide1 & 9 con/ruct+ 8 fly+ ma*9e took z 8 analogy ! flight ( birds4 ,birds urge _! way onw>ds 9 ! air by reason ( ! /r5g? ( _! w+s4 ,a fly+ ma*9e mu/ d ! same by ! p[] ( its eng9e2 & z a bird's w+s mu/ be /rong 9 proportion to ! bird's weight1 s ! /r5g? or horse-p[] ( ! eng9e mu/ /& 9 a c]ta9 proportion to ! numb] ( p\nds x weighs4 ,mr4 ,maxim's fir/ task1 !re=e1 0 to discov] :at proportion ?is mu/ be1 & by 8 exp]im5ts he arriv$ at a conclusion :i* ,pr(essor ,langley 9 ,am]ica1 work+ at ! same task at ! same "t1 b q indep5d5tly1 _h also prov$ to be true1 namely1 t ! fa/] a ma*9e travels ?r\gh ! air ! great] weight x may c>ry2 or1 9 o!r words1 ! quick] a body moves ?r\gh ! atmosph]e ! less t5d5cy w x h to fall to ! gr\nd4 ,a quick-fly+ bird l an albatross1 !re=e1 flies ) less ex]tion1 & s c\ld c>ry a great] weight1 ?an a sl[-mov+ bird l a goose4 ,x mu/ !re=e be to ! advantage ( ! fly+ ma*9e t its eng9es %\ld atta9 z great a spe$ z possible4 ,maxim's next task 0 to con/ruct a suitable eng9e4 ,light b p[]ful eng9es _h n !n rea*$ ! pit* ( p]fection !y h n[1 & 8 results prov$ at ! "t a p]fect revelation ( :at c\ld be done 9 ?is direction1 & l$ to great advances be+ made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,maxim ,,air%ip4 ,next came ! design+ ( ! great ma*9e itself4 ,x 0 an enorm\s app>atus1 weigh+ ov] ?ree tons1 capable ( c>ry+ ?ree m51 & support$ by no less ?an #djjj squ>e feet ( a]oplanes1 plac$ "o above ! o!r4 ,its /eam-eng9e 0 ( #cfc horse-p[]1 & work$ two screws ( ne>ly #ah feet 9 diamet]4 ,be=e su* a ma*9e c\ld rise f ! gr\nd x mu/ fir/ h atta9$ a v great =w>d impetus1 & ?is x 0 to receive by runn+ at a great spe$ on :eels along a railway track specially laid d[n = x4 ,to prev5t ! app>atus ris+ unduly1 a rev]s$ rail 0 erect$ a %ort di/ance above1 on :i* ! ma*9e w\ld beg9 to run z soon z x lift$ itself (f ! l[] track4 ,along ?is railway ! fly+ ma*9e 0 te/$1 & x 0 f\nd t z soon z a spe$ ( ?irty-six miles an h\r 0 rea*$ ! :eels 7 lift$ cle> (f ! gr\nd1 & 7 runn+ only ^u ! upp] rail4 ,on ! la/ occasion a spe$ ( =ty-two miles an h\r 0 atta9$1 :5 ! lift+ p[] became s great t ! re/ra9+ rail broke away altoge!r1 & ! great fly+ ma*9e actually float$ 9 ! air = a few mom5ts1 8giv+ ^? on bo>d ! s5sation ( be+ 9 a boat10 until1 /eam be+ %ut (f1 x fell to ! gr\nd & 0 brok54 ,! enorm\s exp5se ( 8 exp]im5ts has n prev5t$ ,sir ,hiram ,maxim f repeat+ !m1 & he hopes soon to h a mu* improv$ ma*9e4 ,nev]!less 8 exp]i5ce & calculations h be5 ( great value to ^? :o w\ld foll[ 9 8 foot/eps1 & h prov$ ! possibility ( con/ruct+ a fly+ ma*9e :i* %all fly by virtue ( its own motion4 ,mean:ile 9 ,am]ica ,pr(essor ,langley 0 exp]im5t+1 indep5d5tly1 almo/ on ! same l9es4 ,he also 0 b5t on produc+ a fly+ ma*9e1 b in/ead ( />t+ to "w ^u a l>ge app>atus l ,maxim1 he began by mak+ models1 & gradually work$ 8 way up to bigg] ?+s4 ,= _m mon?s he /udi$ to und]/& ! pr9ciple ( ^? +5i\s little toys sometimes se51 :i*1 by means ( ! t5sion ( a twi/$ india-rubb] b&1 w keep afloat 9 ! air = a few seconds4 ,next he con/ruct$ small models driv5 by /eam1 9 :i* he f\nd 8 great difficulty 0 9 keep+ d[n ! weight4 ,= ye>s he p]sev]$ 9 8 "w )\t any great success1 until 9 #ahif he produc$ a model ma*9e :i* he call$ an 8a]odrome40 ,x 0 q small1 weigh+ ) its eng9e only #be lbs41 & measur+ b #ad feet f tip to tip ( its a]oplanes4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 made ov] wat]1 & ! necess>y mom5tum 0 giv5 by dropp+ x f a plat=m #bj feet high4 ,on m ?an "o occasion ?is little fly+ ma*9e rose ) great /ead9ess 9 ! face ( ! w9d to a height ( #ajj feet1 mov+ s smoo?ly t x might h c>ri$ a glass ( wat] )\t spill+ a drop2 & !n1 ! /eam ( its eng9e be+ exhau/$1 sank d[n gracefully ^u ! wat]1 hav+ fl[n ab\t half a mile 9 a m9ute & a half4 ,?is success enc\rag$ ,pr(essor ,langley next to con/ruct a full-siz$ fly+ ma*9e on ! same l9es2 b ?is on its fir/ voyage plung$ headlong into ! wat] & 0 hopelessly damag$4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t h s9ce grant$ him a sum ( money to cont9ue 8 exp]im5ts4 ,late/ ( all ! air%ip inv5tors1 & p]haps s f> ! mo/ successful1 are ! bro!rs ,wright4 ,up to ! date ( writ+ ?is ! full details ( _! "w are n yet made public1 b x is kn[n t on ! #ag? ( ,decemb] #aijc1 _! ma*9e1 :i* consi/s ( two l>ge a]oplanes driv5 =w>d by an eng9e ( sixte5 horse-p[]1 aft] be+ />t$ along a %ort track on level gr\nd1 rose into ! air & flew = ab\t half a mile4 ,x rema9s = u n[ to make brief m5tion ( h[ m5 h tri$1 & are /ill try+1 to imitate ! so>+ or glid+ flight ( birds )\t ! use ( ma*9]y to assi/ !m4 ,we h se5 h[ an albatross c1 :5 ! w9d is bl[+1 conv]t itself1 z x 71 into a kite1 & keep al(t 9 ! air = a :ile )\t mov+ its w+s4 ,simil>ly _m p h attempt$1 by atta*+ !mselves to a l>ge support+ surface or a]oplane1 & ca/+ !mselves (f f a height1 to glide ) ! w9d across wide /ret*es ( c\ntry4 ,9 ?is mode ( so>+ flight "s h made consid]able progress4 ,h]r ,lili5?al1 a ,g]man1 0 p]haps = a "t ! mo/ successful4 ,he />t$ f small beg9n+s1 jump+ (f a spr+ bo>d a few feet high1 & gradually increas+ ! height z he became m accu/om$ to 8 app>atus4 ,lat] he _h a l>ge artificial m\nd made specially = him1 & f ! top ( ?is he w\ld ?r[ himself into ! air1 & ) a fav\rable w9d sail a di/ance ( f\r hundr$ y>ds at a consid]able height above ! gr\nd4 ,lili5?al's exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 came to a sad end4 ,on ,augu/ ! #aa?1 #ahif1 aft] he _h glid$ along 9 ! air = ab\t two hundr$ y>ds1 a sudd5 gu/ ( w9d caught ! wide-spread w+s ( 8 app>atus1 & tilt$ x upw>ds4 ,?is caus$ him to lose 8 balance1 & he fell f a height ( sixty feet & broke 8 sp9e4 ,a simil> accid5t also caus$ ! dea?1 a few ye>s lat]1 ( a "y ,engli%man1 ,mr4 ,p]cy ,s4 ,pil*]1 :o _h be5 foll[+ up ,lili5?al's exp]im5ts4 ,! greate/ difficulty n[ to be ov]come 9 solv+ ! problem ( human flight1 :e!r ) so>+ app>atus or fly+ ma*9e1 may be summ$ up 9 "o ^w--8balance40 ,e s*oolboy kn[s t ! great art ( kite-fly+ consi/s 9 s adju/+ ! po9t ( atta*m5t ( ! /r+ & ! l5g? ( ! tail t 8 kite is prop]ly balanc$1 & is n liable to turn ov] or 8dip0 :5 9 ! air4 ,e obs]v] ( birds1 too1 has notic$ h[ l>gely ! "q ( balance ent]s into _! fly+4 ,a bird 9 ! air is cont9ually & in/9ctively adju/+ its w+s to its position1 & to e puff ( w9d1 ev5 z a man on a bicycle is cont9ually1 ?\gh unconsci\sly1 adju/+ 8 h&le-b> to ! inequalities ( ! road2 & z a cycli/ requires practice be=e he c ride 8 ma*9e1 or a skat] be=e he c keep 8 feet on ! ice1 s ev5 a bird has to le>n h[ to balance itself be=e x c use its w+s4 ,dwell]s 9 ! c\ntry are famili> ) ! way 9 :i* ! p>5t birds tea* _! fl$gl+s to fly1 in/ruct+ !m by example1 & enc\rag+ !m 9 _! fir/ %ort flights until !y h become famili> ) _! p[]s & c balance !mselves aright 9 ! air4 ,& if ev5 birds1 ) :om fly+ is an in/9ct1 h to le>n ! art ( balanc+ !mselves 9 ! air by practice1 h[ mu* m s mu/ su* a clumsy creature z a man1 to :om fly+ is entirely unnatural4 ,only by long & pa9ful ef=ts c he ev] hope to succe$ at all1 & un=tunately all su* ef=ts are necess>ily v dang]\s4 ,_m disa/r\s accid5ts h already occurr$1 & al?\gh great progress has be5 made1 & ! "t may n n[ be f> di/ant :51 by means ( improv$ ma*9es1 m5 w actually fly1 x w be at ! co/ ( mu* lab\r1 &1 x is to be fe>$1 at ! sacrifice ( _m m brave lives4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,conclusion ,9 our la/ *apt]s we h1 9 "s measure1 br\ght our a]onautical hi/ory up to ! pres5t day1 ?\gh ( necessity _m important po9ts & notable voyages h be5 pass$ ov] unnotic$4 ,x n[ rema9s to u b to ga!r up ! loose ends ( ! /ory1 & !n briefly to indicate ! direction 9 :i* we may expect new advances 9 ! future4 ,&1 fir/ ( all1 x may be well to m5tion a few balloon+ 8records40 ,! l>ge/ balloon ev] kn[n 0 us$ z a captive at ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #ahgh4 ,x 0 ( #hhc1jjj cubic feet capacity1 & capable ( lift+ m ?an fifty pass5g]s at a "t4 ,o!r mammo? balloons ( almo/ z great dim5sions h also be5 employ$ = captive "w2 b ! l>ge/ balloon int5d$ specially = 8"r away0 asc5ts 0 ! 8,giant10 built 9 ,p>is 9 #ahfc by ,m4 ,nad>4 ,x held #bae1jjj cubic feet ( gas1 & 0 made ( #bb1jjj y>ds ( be/ :ite silk1 at #es4 #d;d4 a y>d4 ,! c> 0 p>ticul>ly elaborate1 almo/ z big z a small cottage1 be+ ( two /ories1 & divid$ into sev]al rooms4 ,x prov$1 h[ev]1 to be a v dang]\s adjunct1 = on ! two occasions x 0 us$ ^? )9 receiv$ v s]i\s injury dur+ r\gh l&+s1 & x 0 soon put aside & replac$ by an ord9>y basket4 ,none ( ^! mon/] sky craft appe> to h be5 v successful1 & at ! pres5t day ! l>ge/ balloons 9 g5]al use d n exce$ #ej1jjj or #fj1jjj cubic feet capacity4 ,! hon\r ( ! longe/ a]ial voyage ev] made re/s ) ! un=tunate ,&re1 :o1 if 8 dates are to be reli$ ^u1 _h be5 =ty-eight h\rs al(t 9 8 balloon :5 he despat*$ 8 la/ f\nd message4 ,n f> beh9d 9 po9t ( "t1 h[ev]1 0 ,c\nt de la ,vaulx1 :o 9 ! summ] ( #aija attempt$ to cross ! ,m$it]ranean by balloon4 ,contr>y w9ds 9 ! end baffl$ 8 v5ture1 & he 0 =c$ to desc5d on ! deck ( a /eam] :i* 0 foll[+ 8 c\rse1 b n be=e he _h sp5t =ty-"o h\rs 9 ! sky4 ,! ye> previ\s ! ,c\nt _h also a*iev$ a record long-di/ance voyage 9 connection ) "s balloon competitions held dur+ ! ,fr5* 8,exposition0 ( #aijj4 ,/>t+ f ,p>is1 he desc5d$ 9 ,russia1 #aaic miles away1 hav+ be5 al(t ?irty-six h\rs all b fifte5 m9utes4 ,= l(ty asc5ts ! palm /ill re/s ) ,glai%] & ,coxwell1 ^: fam\s voyage ( #ahfb1 :51 z relat$1 a height ( #cg1jjj feet 7or sev5 miles7 is said to h be5 rea*$1 has nev] be5 equall$4 ,! exact altitude atta9$ on ?is occasion is1 h[ev]1 z we h expla9$1 only conjectural1 nei!r be+ capable at ! la/ ( tak+ obs]vations1 & no height be+ regi/]$ ov] #bi1jjj feet4 ,on ,july #ca/1 #aija1 two ,g]man sci5ti/s1 ,dr4 ,b]son & ,dr4 ,sur+1 asc5d$ f ,b]l9 to a regi/]$ altitude ( #cd1djj feet1 or well ov] six miles4 ,!y 7 provid$ ) compress$ oxyg5 to brea!1 b ev5 !n became unconsci\s dur+ ! la/ #hjj feet ( ! asc5t4 ,?ree ye>s be=e ,dr4 ,b]son _h made a v l(ty asc5t 9 ,engl&1 accompani$ by ,mr4 ,/anley ,sp5c]1 :5 a height ( #bg1ejj feet 0 rea*$4 ,a t]rible accid5t occurr$ 9 connection ) a l(ty sci5tific asc5t made f ,p>is 9 #ahge by ,tiss&i]1 inv5tor ( ! air%ip already m5tion$1 & two companions4 ,_! object 0 to atta9 a record height1 9 :i* !y inde$ succe$$1 rea*+ #bh1jjj feet4 ,b despite ! artificial air !y took ) !m to brea!1 !y all ?ree became unconsci\s 9 ! extreme upp] regions1 & :51 aft] "o ( ! mo/ awful voyages 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( balloon+1 ,tiss&i] came to himself1 x 0 to f9d ! bodies ( 8 two fri5ds /iff & cold beside him 9 ! c>4 ,com+ to ! a]onautical "w ( ! pres5t day1 x is humiliat+ to h to confess t1 ?r\gh lack ( public support1 ,engl& has some:at fall5 beh9d o!r nations4 ,9 ,am]ica & on ! ,cont95t l>ge sums ( money are subscrib$ = exp]im5ts ) balloons1 air%ips1 & fly+ ma*9es2 b 9 our own c\ntry all ef=ts 9 ^! directions are due to private ent]prise alone4 ,among ^? mo/ ke5ly int]e/$ 9 a]onautical progress may be m5tion$ ,mr4 ,p4 ,alex&]1 ( ,ba?2 ,major ,bad5-,p[ell1 ,presid5t ( ! ,engli% ,a]onautical ,society2 & ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,bacon4 ,! latt] has made _m sci5tific balloon asc5ts = ! /udy ( meteorology1 ac\/ics1 & o!r k9dr$ sci5ces1 & 8 obs]vations h prov$ ( mu* int]e/ & value4 ,dur+ 8 voyages he has met ) sev]al adv5tures1 ?\gh no s]i\s mi%aps4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 ! writ] accompani$ him1 dur+ a night asc5t made to obs]ve ! great %[] ( ,leonid %oot+ />s =etold = ! #af? ( ,novemb] #ahii1 ! balloon became unmanageable :ile lo/ above ! cl\ds4 ,= t5 h\rs x refus$ to come d[n1 dur+ mu* ( :i* "t ! sea 0 he>d b5ea?1 & ! voyag]s believ$ !mselves bl[n out ov] ! ,atlantic4 ,a v /ormy l&+1 9 :i* ! writ] broke h] arm1 0 ev5tually made ne> ! coa/ 9 ,s\? ,wales z be=e m5tion$4 ,9 ,novemb] #aijb1 ,mr4 ,bacon1 accompani$ by ,mr4 ,p]cival ,sp5c]1 cross$ ! ,iri% ,*annel by balloon1 ! second "t only ?is dang]\s passage has be5 made1 ! fir/ occasion be+ ! voyage ( ,mr4 ,w9dham ,sadl]1 eighty-five ye>s be=e4 ,mr4 ,bacon's voyage 0 p>tly und]tak5 = ! ,admiralty1 :o l5t ! s]vices ( a gunboat to foll[ ! balloon's c\rse ov] ! sea4 ,"o ( ! special objects ( inve/igation 0 to te/ a !ory1 long held1 t f a consid]able height al(t ! bottom ( ! sea becomes visible1 ev5 9 r\gh wea!r :5 ! surface is tr\bl$ ) waves4 ,?is po9t 0 v successfully settl$1 = al?\gh ! sea 0 v r\gh1 ,mr4 ,bacon n only saw1 b succe$$ 9 photograph+1 f a height ( #fjj feet1 ! b$s ( s& & rock ly+ 9 t5 fa?oms at ! bottom ( ! ,iri% ,*annel--a feat nev] be=e accompli%$4 ,9 sci5tific obs]vations ( ! upp] atmosph]e a valuable ally to ! balloon has be5 f\nd 9 ! kite4 ,! mak+ ( kites has n[ rea*$ a high pit* ( p]fection1 & by _! means self-record+ sci5tific in/rum5ts c be rais$ to va/ heights 9 ! air1 & ev5 m5 c>ri$ al(t ) safety4 ,a kite :i* latt]ly has excit$ mu* att5tion is ! ,cody kite4 ,) ?is1 dur+ ! autumn ( #aijc1 its inv5tor1 a ,mexican1 haz>d$ a bold v5ture4 ,h>ness+ x to a light boat1 & wait+ = a fav\rable w9d1 he />t$ f ,calais at eight o'clock "o ,novemb] ev5+1 & 0 safely t[$ all night across ! ,*annel1 rea*+ ,dov] at five ! next morn+4 ,! a]onautical competitions at ! ,/4 ,l\is ,exhibition1 9 ,am]ica1 h giv5 a great impetus to "o bran* at lea/ ( a]onautics1 :ile ! lab\r ( _m sci5tific work]s ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w is direct$ to ! improvem5t ( our pres5t modes ( explor+ ! heav5s1 & ! turn+ to be/ acc\nt ( ! means already at our disposal4 ,nev] s9ce ! days :5 ! ,montgolfi] bro!rs float$ _! fir/ frail craft has s mu* int]e/ z n[ be5 manife/$ 9 ! conque/ ( ! sky1 & nev] has progress be5 m rapid & sure4 ,:e!r ! day w ev] come :5 man w rule ! atmosph]e z he n[ does ! sea is1 z yet1 unc]ta91 b !re are _m :o hope & believe n only t he w1 b t ! day is n f> di/ant :5 ! birds w no long] hold undisput$ sway ov] ! empire ( ! air4 ,pr9t$ by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,co4 ,ed9burgh ,london ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ?is book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$2 occasional unbalanc$ quotation m>ks reta9$4 ,ambigu\s hyph5s at ! ends ( l9es 7 reta9$4