file which includes the original illustrations4 ,see #edfjf-;h4htm or #edfjf-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/cache_/epu b_/#edfjf_/pg#edfjf-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/files_/#ed fjf_/edfjf-;h4zip7 ,images of the original pages are available through ,internet ,archive4 ,see https3_/_/archive4org_/details_/flowerga rdenhand#jj;bennrich ,transcriber's note3 ,text enclosed by underscores is in italics 7italics74 ,text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face 7bold74 ,,the ,,flower ,,garden ,illustration3 ,,sweet ,,alyssum ,,and ,,golden ,,saxatile ,,are ,,desirable ,,for ,,rockwork ,the ,country ,home ,library ,,the ,,flower ,,garden by ,,ida ,d4 ,,bennett ,illustration3 ,mc,c ,p ,co4 ,,simplex ,,mvnditiis ,,ny ,new ,york ,mc,clure1 ,phillips ,co4 ,,mcmv ,copyright1 #aijc1 by ,mc,clure1 ,phillips ,co4 ,published1 ,may1 #aijc1 ,n ,second ,impression ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,i4 ,,the ,,location ,,and ,,arrangement ,,of ,,the ,,garden #c ,,ii4 ,,soils #ag ,,iii4 ,,fertilisers #bc ,,iv4 ,,the ,,hotbed1 ,,cold-,,frame ,,and ,,sand-,,box #cj ,v4 ,,purchasing ,,of ,,seeds #da ,,vi4 ,,starting ,,seeds ,,in ,,flats #dh ,,vii4 ,,transplanting ,,and ,,repotting #ec ,,viii4 ,,house-,,plants ,,from ,,seeds #fb ,,ix4 ,,outside ,,window-,,boxes #hh ,x4 ,,various ,,annuals ,,from ,,seed #ih ,,xi4 ,,vines #abh ,,xii4 ,,ornamental ,,foliage ,,plants ,,from ,,seed #ada ,,xiii4 ,,bulbous ,,and ,,tuberous-,,rooted ,,plants #adg ,,xiv4 ,,aquatics #afe ,,xv4 ,,the ,,care ,,of ,,the ,,summer ,,rose-,,bed #agc ,,xvi4 ,,the ,,hardy ,,lily-,,bed #agi ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,care ,,of ,,cannas1 ,,caladiums1 ,,dahlias1 ,,and ,,other ,,bulbs ,,during ,,winter #ahe ,,xviii4 ,,hardy ,,shrubs ,,and ,,plants ,,for ,,fall ,,planting #aif ,,xix4 ,,winter ,,protection #bjc ,,xx4 ,,the ,,care ,,of ,,house-,,plants ,,in ,,winter #bjh ,,xxi4 ,,common ,,and ,,english ,,names ,,of ,,flowers #bag ,,xxii4 ,,blooming ,,season ,,of ,,various ,,trees1 ,,shrubs1 ,,and ,,plants #bcd ,,xxiii4 ,a ,,chapter ,,of ,,odds ,,and ,,ends #bde ,,xxiv4 ,a ,,chapter ,,of ,,don',,ts #bec ,,index #bei ,,illustrations ,sweet ,alyssum and ,golden ,saxatile are ,desirable for ,rockwork ,frontispiece ,,facing ,,page ,ornamental ,grasses and ,foliage ,plants #h ,manure ,water is a good ,way to apply ,animal ,fertiliser #bf ,when ,plants ,appear too ,thickly in ,rows1 ,transplant #cb ,a ,well constructed ,hotbed #cb ,starting ,seeds in ,flats #ej ,sifting ,loam through a ,sieve #ef ,repotting #fj ,when ,two or ,three ,inches ,high--,transplant ,carnations into ,pots #gb ,an ,easily made ,carnation ,support #gb ,injured or ,faded ,leaves should be ,removed at once #hf ,outside ,window-boxes #ij ,boxes in which ,scythes are ,packed make very good ,window-boxes #id ,hanging-baskets for ,windows #id ,small ,water ,gardens #ajd ,cool1 ,moist ,spots between ,stones #ajh ,dusting with ,sulphur #aad ,spraying with ,bordeaux ,mixture #aad ,sow ,poppies in the ,perennial ,border among the late ,flowering ,plants #aaf ,a ,dead ,tree ,draped with ,vines #acb ,furnish ,support for ,vines to ,run on #acd ,vine-covered ,shed #acd ,clematis ,paniculata ,blooms when most ,others have ,ceased #ach ,shift into larger ,pots as ,required #add ,should ,bulb ,outgrow its ,quarters ,shift into ,pot two ,sizes larger #afj ,wild ,water ,flowers for ,edging ,lily-pond #aff ,water-lilies with ,background of ,bamboo and ,native ,grasses #afh ,a ,full blown ,cat-tail #agj ,native ,plants ,edging a ,natural ,water ,garden #agb ,training a ,climbing ,rose #agf ,a ,rose covered ,building #agh ,a ,portion of the ,grounds ,protected by ,shrubbery is the ,place for the ,lily-bed #ahb ,turn out ,ball of ,earth to ,ascertain if ,pot is filled with ,roots #aib ,a ,good ,background for ,low ,shrubs #bjj ,plants for ,late ,winter ,blooming should be brought into the ,house before ,fall #baj ,fences may be ,made ,attractive with ,vines or ,plants #bej ,,plates ,,facing ,,page ,i4 ,height and ,season of ,bloom of the ,different ,perennials #aj ,,ii4 ,plan for a ,hardy ,border #ab ,,iii4 ,plan for ,rose-garden and ,foliage-bed #ad ,,the ,,flower ,,garden ,chapter ,,one ,the ,location and ,arrangement of the ,garden ,a south slope is the ideal situation for a garden1 since it insures good drainage and the greatest amount of sunlight4 ,the garden should also be open to the east and west1 if possible2 that it may have the benefit of the morning and evening sun4 ,shelter on the north is desirable1 as north winds are disastrous to ,roses and tender perennials4 ,partial shelter on the west should be given in localities where the prevailing winds of winter are from that quarter4 ,the south side of a building1 or even of a high fence1 with trees and tall shrubs at a little distance to the west1 is best2 though any site that receives abundant sunshine through the morning and early afternoon may be made satisfactory by planting trees and shrubs on the north and west4 ,the garden should always be at the rear or side of the dwelling1 never in front or along the street4 ,the reasons for this are obvious4 ,the garden proper is intended to furnish cut flowers1 to provide a place of experiment with new varieties1 and to grow hardy perennials which have certain seasons of bloom and cannot be depended upon1 at all times1 for ornamental effect4 ,one should feel free to work there unobserved of the passer-by1 and this is impossible in a garden close to the street4 ,again1 while the permanent garden is beautiful in itself1 it is not suitable for the lawn and greatly mars the effect of the grounds4 ,beds of ornamental foliage plants--,cannas1 ,ricinus1 ,coleus1 and the like--appropriately placed1 add much to the beauty of a well-kept lawn1 but should be carefully considered in relation to its size and the trees and shrubbery already there4 ,on a small city lawn not more than one such bed should be allowed4 ,on a large lawn three will give a better effect than a great number1 especially if care is taken to have them all visible from different points on the lawn and from the house1 never isolating them by so placing that clumps of trees or shrubbery intervene1 but using these rather as a background for the beds4 ,it is from the hammock that the amateur gardener will most enjoy the results of her labour4 ,it is there she will find leisure to watch the growth of plants1 to compare the effect of different varieties1 to note where she may improve the vista by a different arrangement next year1 to observe the effects of locality1 of the afternoon and morning sun and all the peculiarities of plant growth that escape her when busy with trowel and watering-pot1 so that the view from it should be first consideration4 ,a very good arrangement is to put a large bed of ,ricinus on the most remote space of the lawn--four plants in the centre of a twelve-foot bed--surrounded with a row of ,salvia splendens edged with ,little ,gem ,sweet ,alyssum4 ,nearer1 an eight-foot bed of the large-flowered ,cannas may be introduced and edged with ,coleus or the second size of ,caladiums1 while a six-foot bed of ornamental grasses--,arundo ,donax1 ,erianthus ,ravenn1 ,eulalia gracillima univittata--will make a satisfactory third4 ,such beds are rich in tropical effects and give more distinction to a lawn than any other class of plants4 ,where there is an ample water-supply these beds may be elevated a few inches above the lawn to make them more conspicuous2 but where the seasons are hot and dry and water must be carried it is better to set them slightly lower than the lawn1 so that all the available moisture may be utilised4 ,a few inches of margin must be allowed around the edges of beds on the lawn so that the mower may run close to the beds without injuring the plants1 though even then it will be best to use the lawn-shears4 ,such beds call for carefully trimmed lawns4 ,unless the grass can be properly cared for1 it is better to exclude flowers from this part of the grounds entirely1 as it is time thrown away to plant flowers which will presently be hidden by tall grass and weeds4 ,a neglected lawn involves an amount of labour in the semi-annual cleaning of spring and fall out of all proportion to the results1 while a lawn well cut and raked is more easily cared for with each recurring year1 the grass growing clean and straight1 and the rake and mower passing freely and easily through it4 ,the scheme for a permanent garden must be decided by the size and shape of the plot of ground at command1 an irregular plot sometimes lending itself to more graceful arrangement than a symmetrical one4 ,the operation of laying out the beds will be the same1 whatever the shape4 ,having decided the boundaries of the garden it will be best to mark the outlines by a cord attached to pegs driven into the ground4 ,the sod should then be removed from the entire area by cutting just below the crown of the grass4 ,desirable arrangements of beds are shown in accompanying illustrations4 ,two and one-half or three feet should first be allowed for walks4 ,the beds may be placed to advantage by finding the centre of the plot and driving there a stake to which a cord is loosely attached4 ,mark off on this cord half the diameter of the bed desired1 for centre of plot1 four1 five or six feet--fasten to the cord at this point a sharp stick and describe the circle on the ground4 ,in this way the garden walks may be outlined and the inner and outer circles of the round beds4 ,the oval beds must be measured off and defined by stakes driven into the ground4 ,the width of the beds should be not more than can be easily reached across for weeding and cultivating4 ,where the soil has not been previously cultivated it must be spaded at least two feet deep1 and thoroughly pulverised4 ,all roots and stones should be removed4 ,if the soil is clayey or gravelly it will be best to remove it entirely and to fill in with soil better adapted to the growth of flowers4 ,or the surface may be removed for several inches and laid aside4 ,then the poorer subsoil should be dug out and removed and the surface-soil replaced in the bottom of the bed with a liberal quantity of old1 well-rotted manure4 ,the bed should then be filled to its original level with leaf-mould or muck4 ,if all the original soil is to be retained1 remove the top-soil for top-dressing4 ,spade the manure into the subsoil and replace the surface-soil4 ,in ground which has not been cultivated this surface-soil is rich in humus or leaf-mould1 which furnishes food in its most available form for the young plant1 and should1 therefore1 be left where the plant can use it and not be turned under as is usually done4 ,nature never turns the soil upside down2 nor will the wise gardener1 except when a richer and better soil is to be added or when it is necessary to work in manure4 ,in making beds that have been worked before and need no enriching1 excellent results may be secured by pushing a long spade into the ground the whole length of its blade and twisting it around4 ,this breaks up and mellows the ground more effectually than turning it over1 while it leaves the good soil on top where the young plant-roots can get it4 ,later1 when the plant grows sturdier and stretches out its roots in search of food1 the manure-enriched earth in the bottom of the bed will attract and draw them down into its cool1 moist depths1 away from the heat and drought of the surface4 ,but the young plants must have mellow1 nourishing soil from the start1 or they will perish before they reach this store-house provided for the mature plant4 ,never prepare a garden by turning under the sod4 ,i am well aware that this1 together with turning under the surface-soil1 will be the method of the average man who has had some experience of farming1 but the flower-grower cannot always follow farming methods with safety4 ,after spading the beds it will be well to inclose them with some such permanent material as brick1 cement curbing1 or narrow boards4 ,four-inch siding set in the ground an inch or more1 and held in place on each side by pegs of wood 7old waggon spokes1 which can usually be found at the blacksmith's1 are excellent for this71 make the cheapest and most quickly constructed inclosure1 and may be quite covered with such border-plants as ,dusty-miller or ,phlox subulata4 ,the boards may be given a coat of dull-green paint or shingle-stain before being put in place4 ,illustration3 ,,ornamental ,,grasses ,,and ,,foliage ,,plants ,the permanent garden beds should have some such protection1 as it greatly lessens the work of caring for them4 ,sod borders are very attractive1 but involve an amount of care altogether out of proportion to the effect1 as they must be kept closely shaved and the constantly encroaching roots of the plants must be as constantly curbed4 ,this is also the case with grass walks1 attractive to look at1 but a supreme nuisance to the gardener4 ,walks of gravel1 cinders or coal-ashes are preferable1 and should be dug deep enough to smother out all weeds in the soil4 ,if coal-ashes are used the paths should be nearly filled1 the roughest part raked off and the surface gone over with a heavy roller4 ,if left unrolled1 however1 the surface will be found firm and hard after the first heavy rain4 ,very good and inexpensive walks are obtained in this manner4 ,walks1 of whatever kind1 should never be hoed1 and the weeds must be removed from them by hand4 ,hardness and smoothness are the requisites of a good walk4 ,it is well to avoid self-sowing flowers like ,sweet ,alyssum1 or ,petunias1 near the inside walks1 as they come up by thousands in the spring and can only be removed by salting1 scalding or uprooting4 ,the beds should be well above the surface of the walks1 especially those containing hardy perennials like ,peonies and ,lilies4 ,in the case of most plants1 water standing around their roots in winter is absolutely fatal4 ,the location of the beds and their consequent moisture and sunshine must determine the flowers to occupy them4 ,if you are fortunate enough to have a corner low1 damp and shaded in the afternoon1 that is the place to set out the beautiful ,japanese ,iris1 ,cypripedium acaule and other moisture-loving plants1 while the ,gladiolus may be given a prominent place in full sunshine4 ,asters and other flowers that do not bloom until fall should have a less conspicuous place2 they are so showy that they will not fail to attract attention1 wherever they may be planted4 ,pansies and other low-growing plants should be set out in the bed next the lawn4 ,the general effect is finer when only one kind of flower is grown in a bed1 but when two or more varieties of flowers1 harmonising in colour1 are grown together1 the tallest must be placed in the centre and the others grouped according to height4 ,various plants may be used as edgings1 due consideration being given to the plants which are to fill the beds4 ,illustration3 ,,key ,,to ,,plate ,i4 ,,giving ,,the ,,height ,,and ,,season ,,of ,,bloom ,,of ,,the ,,different ,,perennials1 ,,etc4 ,,outer ,,circle4 ,pansies--all summer4 ,,first ,,corner ,,bed4 ,a--,montbretias in corners1 scarlet and orange1 #b to #c feet--all summer4 ,b--,gladioli in centre1 in variety1 #c to #d feet--,september1 ,october4 ,c--,tuberoses1 #c feet--,august1 ,september4 ,border of blooming ,oxalis1 pink and white1 #f inches--all summer ,,centre ,,bed ,,or ,,mound4 #a--;,dark red ,peony1 #b feet--,may4 #b--,white ,peony1 #b feet--,june4 #c--,pink ,peony1 #b feet--,june4 #d--,large flowered perennial ,phlox--,august1 ,september1 ,october4 x ,a--,auratum ,lily1 #b feet--,august4 ,september4 x ,b--,speciosum ,album1 #b feet--,august1 ,september4 x ,c--,melpomene1 #b feet--,august1 ,september4 x ,d--,auratum4 x ,e--,longiflorum1 white1 #b feet--,june4 x ,f--,rubrum1 #b feet--,august4 x ,g--,candidum1 white1 #c feet--,june4 ,border--,phlox ,subulata4 ,,rear ,,corner ,,beds4 ,north ,bed--,anemones1 ,whirlwind and ,queen ,charlotte1 white and pink1 #c feet--,september4 ,border--,wood ,anemones4 ,south ,bed--,asters1 #b feet--,september1 ,october4 ,border--,auricula1 #h inches--,may4 ,a mass of one kind and colour is more effective than a mixed bed4 ,the beginner will find that the percentage of success is greater in growing a large number of one kind1 all requiring the same conditions of soil1 moisture and sunlight1 than in trying to force plants of widely different habits to grow under the same conditions4 ,hardy perennials1 however1 not many of which deserve an entire bed1 do very well with several varieties in the same long bed or border1 and may be so grouped as to give a succession of bloom throughout the season4 ,a raised bed of ,peonies interspersed with the new1 large-blooming ,phlox and bordered with ,japan ,lilies will give a succession of flowers from ,may to ,october2 or a long bed of ,hollyhocks1 or ,hibiscus with a row of large-flowered ,phlox in front and edged with dwarf ,phlox ,drummondii will give months of lovely bloom4 ,this last combination also makes a serviceable screen between the vegetable garden and the lawn1 or to hide a rear fence4 ,in arranging parti-coloured beds of flowers1 due attention must be paid to the harmonising of tints4 ,do not combine magenta and scarlet1 or purple and blue4 ,separate them by the interposition of white--the most valuable colour in the garden1 as it not only harmonises all colours but wonderfully enhances their brilliancy4 ,white with scarlet1 with blue1 or with yellow is always good4 ,lavender and heliotrope are lovely with nearly all shades of scarlet1 rose and pink4 ,blue flowers planted in the rear of the garden increase its apparent size1 while white1 bright yellow and scarlet1 by bringing the background nearer1 decrease it4 ,monkshood and the tall blue ,larkspur are excellent for rear beds4 ,the accompanying diagrams will be of assistance in planning the garden--not so much in supplying plans to be followed literally as in suggesting other plans and variations1 while giving practical information as to number of plants required1 their distance apart and the like4 ,soil and other details will be treated elsewhere4 ,in planning a shrubbery 7see ,plate ,,ii47 it is neither necessary nor desirable to use boards or other curbing for the beds1 but the turf should be kept neatly trimmed and cut4 ,a plot #fj by #dj feet or more1 inclosing a considerable area of turf1 gives room for rustic seats1 a stationary hammock1 and a tree or two4 ,the circle in the border greatly increases the accommodation for plants and furnishes an ideal spot for ,lilies4 ,the lily-pond in the centre will be discussed at length in the chapter devoted to aquatic plants4 ,the rather complicated design in ,plate ,,iii4 is intended for a rose-garden or for foliage-beds on a large lawn4 ,it is not at all difficult to construct1 and a little practice with paper and pencil will remove any apparent obstacle4 ,if you will draw1 on a scale of one inch to a foot with a compass a succession of circles of six1 eight and a half1 twelve and a half1 fifteen and nineteen inches1 respectively1 the foundation of the plan will be laid4 ,now1 divide the fourth circle into fifths and draw a half circle #d by #ad feet or inches on the circle of each fifth by placing the point of the compass midway between the fourth and third circle4 ,this will leave a crescent-shaped bed4 ,mark off from each side of these half circles or crescents1 on the space between the third and fourth circle1 two and one-half feet for paths4 ,making the lines parallel with the crescents1 the remaining spaces will form triangular beds1 that for convenience may be called the third or outer row of beds4 ,illustration3 ,,key ,,to ,,hardy ,,border4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,name of ,plant4 ,color4 ,height4 ,season of ,bloom4 ,feet1 ,inches4 #a4 ,hypericum ,yellow #a #f ,all summer4 #b4 ,deutzia ,gracilis ,white #a #h ,may1 ,june4 #c4 ,lychnis ,roseum ,pink #a #h ,all summer4 #d4 ,spira ,filipendula ,white #a #j ,may1 ,june4 #e4 ,platycodon ,blue #b #j ,all summer4 #f4 ,anemone ,whirlwind ,white #c #j ,september1 ,october4 #g4 ,spira ,anthony ,crimson #b to #d #j ,may1 sometimes all ,waterer summer4 #h4 ,white ,foxglove ,white #c #j ,all summer4 #i4 ,scarlet ,lychnis ,scarlet #c #j ,all summer4 #aj4 ,white ,foxglove ,white #c #j ,all summer4 #aa4 ,lychnis ,splendens ,red #c #j ,june1 ,july4 #ab4 ,white ,veronica ,white #b #j ,august1 ,september4 #ac4 ,blue ,veronica ,blue #b #j ,july1 ,august4 #ad4 ,spira ,van ,houttei ,white #c #j ,may1 ,june4 #ae4 ,monkshood ,fischeri ,pale #d #j ,september1 ,october4 ,blue #af4 ,hollyhocks in ,var4 #d to #e #j ,summer1 fall4 #ag4 ,monkshood1 ,uncinatum ,dark #d #j ,june1 ,august4 ,blue #ah4 ,bocconia ,cream #e to #f #j ,july1 ,august4 #a4 ,tall ,shrubs4 #b4 ,low ,shrubs4 #c4 ,herbaceous ,pereum4 x x ,hardy ,lilies4 ---- -- ,edging ,plants4 ,now if radiating lines be drawn from the corners of the crescents to the centre of the plan the point where they cross the third circle will be the upper corners of the first row of beds--the lower corners being formed by the point where the radii from the centre and left corners of the crescents cross the second circle2 the third and second circles forming the upper and lower sides2 the ends being formed by curved lines drawn from the upper to the lower corners4 ,or1 having completed the row of five crescents and five triangular beds1 mark off with pole or ruler radiating lines from the corners and centre of each crescent to the centre of plan2 the point where these radii from the circle of crescents cross the third circle will be the upper corner of the first row of beds2 the lower corners being formed by the radii from the centre and left-hand corner of crescents2 the ends being formed by curved concave lines from upper to lower corner--the intervening spaces forming paths4 ,for ,laying ,out the ,beds ,use a long pole with a sharp stake passed through a hole at one end and fastened with a nail driven through it horizontally1 so that it can turn easily1 with a number of holes for pegs at the required distances--six1 eight and one-half1 twelve and one-half1 fifteen and nineteen feet4 ,drive the movable stake firmly into the ground1 and do not remove until the work is finished4 ,slip the sharp marking peg into the hole1 which it should fit closely1 and mark out the circles4 ,for the half circles1 or crescents1 a nine-foot stick laid straight across the edge of fourth circle will give an approximate fifth1 the loss in the curve about equalling the fractional loss caused by multiplying by three alone4 ,drive a peg with a stick or string attached into the path a foot inside the third line and mark the circles on it2 mark the paths by lengthening the stick or string two and a half feet and drawing sections of circles on each side of the half circles from the fourth to the fifth circles4 ,now bring the end of the long pole to the left corner of half circle and mark the radiating lines and half lines to the centre1 and mark off the first row of beds as you did on paper4 ,in this way almost any form of flowerbed may be laid out4 ,the following diagrams for foliage-beds on the lawn will be helpful4 ,for a ,twelve-foot ,foliage-bed ,one ,ricinus in centre2 three ,ricini four feet from first1 an equal distance apart--or about eight feet4 ,alternate with these three clumps of tall-growing ,cannas4 ,surround with a row of scarlet ,salvias1 set one foot from edge of bed and twenty inches apart4 ,edge with ,little ,gem ,sweet ,alyssum4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,plan ,,for ,,rose-,,garden ,,and ,,foliage-,,bed4 ,another ,twelve-foot ,bed ,one ,ricinus in centre1 surrounded at three feet distance by six of the largest sized ,caladiums three feet apart4 ,the third row1 three feet outside1 to be composed of low-growing ,cannas--,queen ,charlotte1 ,chicago1 ,florence ,vaughan1 or ,papa--eighteen inches apart4 ,edge with dwarf ,nasturtiums4 ,nine-foot ,bed ,one ,ricinus trimmed in umbrella form--that is1 the lower leaves removed so that the upper may serve as a shade for the ,cannas4 ,first row1 six ,allemannia ,cannas2 second row1 twelve inches outside1 twelve ,burbank ,cannas1 fourteen inches apart2 third row1 twenty-five ,italia ,cannas1 fourteen inches apart4 ,edge with ,coleus1 set fifteen inches apart4 ,nine-foot ,bed ,centre three discolour ,cannas1 grouped in the corner4 ,first row1 twelve ,black ,beauty ,cannas1 eighteen inches apart2 second row1 eighteen inches outside1 twelve large ,caladiums1 twenty-seven inches apart4 ,twelve-foot ,bed ,three ,ricini in group1 equal distance apart4 ,first row1 three feet out1 scarlet ,salvias1 twenty inches apart2 second row1 twelve inches out1 white-flowered ,vincas1 twelve inches apart4 ,edge with scarlet ,phlox ,drummondii or blue ,tom ,thumb ,ageratum1 six inches apart4 ,nine-foot ,bed of ,ornamental ,grasses ,large clump of ,arundo ,donax in centre4 ,first row1 three feet out1 three ,erianthus ,ravenn1 six feet apart2 second row1 twelve ,eulalia gracillima univittata1 two feet apart4 ,eight-foot ,bed ,a large clump of ,setaria magna in the centre4 ,first row1 ,coix lachryma1 eighteen inches apart2 second row1 twenty inches out1 ,pennisetum ,ruppellianum1 eighteen inches apart4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i cannot too highly recommend the planting of ornamental grasses on the lawn4 ,they are extensively used in parks and in other public grounds1 but not nearly so extensively as they should be on private grounds4 ,many of them are perfectly hardy1 and once established grow in beauty from year to year2 others in the ,northern ,states may be easily wintered in the cellar1 while still others may be cheaply and easily raised from seed each year4 ,chapter ,,two ,soils ,in every garden the matter of soil is of first importance4 ,in case of an outdoor garden the existing conditions will largely determine the class of plants to be grown4 ,a good loam--that is a non-coherent mixture of clay and sand with a proportion of such decayed vegetable matter as leaves and the fibrous roots of grasses--is the best garden soil1 being what is termed warm and early4 ,soil containing a good proportion of sand is warm1 while a preponderance of clay makes what is known as cold or wet soil4 ,if there is good drainage1 cold soil can be rendered lighter1 sandier and more friable by the liberal application of manure1 which in two or three years will quite change its character4 ,but this is a long time to wait1 and to get quick results it will be necessary1 after laying out the garden and outlining the beds1 to remove the earth to a depth of twenty inches or more1 filling in with soil suitable for the class of plants to be grown in each bed4 ,in the beds intended for ,roses1 however1 the clay may be left1 as ,roses require this soil4 ,where it is not present it should be supplied and added to each year1 as the heavy manuring which ,roses require constantly reduces the relative proportion of clay4 ,for the ,pansy bed nothing better than leaf-mould from the woods can be procured4 ,for this bed remove six or eight inches of earth1 spade in a good supply of old1 well-rotted manure from the cow-stable1 top-dress with several inches of leaf-mould4 ,you will have a bed that will give magnificent ,pansies and few weeds4 ,for the ,salvia1 ,canna1 ,ricinus1 ,caladium and other strong-growing plants no soil is better than the muck or peat of swamps--soil composed of partly carbonised vegetable matter decomposed by the action of water4 ,leaf-mould consists of vegetable matter which has decayed without being submerged1 and it usually contains a liberal quantity of sharp1 white sand1 to which it owes its friable1 non-adhesive character4 ,leaf-mould is commonly found around decayed stumps and in hollow places in the woods1 where the leaves have drifted and decayed4 ,it is ready for immediate use4 ,muck or peat1 however1 which is found in bogs and swamps1 is unfit for garden use when freshly dug--except for aquatic plants--being tough and fibrous4 ,it should therefore be dug during the summer1 thrown in a heap and left for the winter frost to rot and render tractable4 ,for immediate use the best method is to place it in a deep hole in the bed and cover with several inches of loam1 or old muck4 ,if this is kept worked or mulched to exclude air and retain the moisture in the muck1 excellent results may be secured4 ,the bed may also be partly filled with muck and covered with loam1 the whole object being to prevent the muck drying out into hard lumps1 as it will1 when green1 on exposure to sun and air4 ,the following spring the loam may be spaded into the muck1 giving a warm1 mellow1 exceedingly rich soil that will grow anything4 ,the importance of starting out with good soil cannot be too strongly urged4 ,it seems at first sight to call for a considerable expenditure of time and money--especially where the earth must be purchased and the labour paid for--but in the long run it is a decided saving4 ,with unsuitable soil there must be many failures1 resulting in loss of both plants and seeds1 and this in itself is no small expense4 ,the labour of caring for such a garden is many times greater1 for the top-dressing of manure required produces an incessant crop of weeds1 which must be removed1 not once1 but many times during the summer1 while beds filled with leaf-mould or muck need but one or two weedings4 ,the weeds which grow naturally in these soils do not flourish in the open ground4 ,a few ,smartweeds and ,nettles may be expected in the one case1 and ,violets and ,spring-beauties in the other4 ,in the manured garden soil an endless procession of ,purslane1 ,malice1 ,ragweed and the like must be constantly watched for4 ,the presence of clay and gravel in the soil always renders it hard and given to caking1 necessitating frequent cultivation2 while muck-beds1 after the preliminary spading in the spring1 remain free and mellow throughout the season4 ,replacing soil presents more difficulties to city dwellers than to those living in the country1 or in small towns1 but1 as there are in the vicinity of most of our cities rich peat lands1 it ought not to be difficult to obtain one or two loads of this useful material4 ,near the small towns are always to be found farmers who own or live near marsh-land1 and can supply muck1 especially where they have been ditching4 ,a good waggon-load may be had at prices ranging from fifty cents to two dollars1 according to the distance to be hauled4 ,the cost in the city would1 of course1 be much greater4 ,it is well for the amateur gardener to learn early in her experience to keep her eyes open to all things pertaining to the success of the garden4 ,when driving1 note the marsh-lands easily accessible from the highway1 especially where they have been ditched or partially reclaimed1 and interview the owner or tenant4 ,in the dull season on the farm the owner of such soil may be glad to earn an extra dollar or two1 and it may also be suggested to the farmers' boys1 who have marsh-and wood-lands1 that they may earn pocket-money by calling on people known to be cultivating flowers or building new homes1 to solicit their orders4 ,many people who grow flowers do not know where to apply for earth1 and an advertisement in a local paper would1 doubtless1 prove advantageous to customer and purveyor4 ,on hillsides along the road1 and places which the rain has washed1 one may gather quantities of pure white or grey sand for potting4 ,yellow sand is not suitable for such use1 as it contains much clay and cakes badly after watering1 while the white or grey sand remains line and loose4 ,leaf-mould is not so readily procurable1 as it must be gathered from suitable patches through the woods1 and the farmers do not like to bother with it4 ,besides1 they are likely to dig up much undesirable under-soil4 ,it is better to go one's self for this4 ,a still better way is to make your own leaf-mould4 ,thus3 when sod is removed from the ground for any purpose1 shake out the fine soil that adheres to it for future use2 or slice off the fine roots with a sharp knife just below the crown of the grass4 ,this is known as fibrous loam1 and1 in combination with leaf-mould1 old manure and fine1 sharp sand1 makes the very finest potting soil4 ,throw the tops of the sods in a heap in some out-of-the-way corner and add the rakings of the yard in fall and spring1 all weeds pulled during the summer1 all vegetable refuse1 potato-parings1 apple-peelings1 corn-husks1 and berry-hulls--anything that has vegetable matter and will decay4 ,all dish-water and slops that are not needed on the garden may be thrown on the pile1 which should be turned over occasionally during the winter4 ,by the following spring you will have the finest kind of leaf-mould4 ,not all of the pile will have decayed1 but along the sides and underneath it will be found ready for use4 ,add to it every bit of available vegetable matter during the year1 including the annual flowers pulled up after their season of bloom1 the tops of such root-plants as ,cannas1 ,caladiums1 ,gladioli1 etc41 and you will soon have a supply quite adequate to the needs of an ordinary garden4 ,where there are water-works the hose may be turned on frequently to hasten decomposition4 ,if it is impossible to replace all poor soil in the garden with better1 by the addition of leaf-mould and manure1 much may be accomplished in the way of building up the old and rendering it suitable4 ,if the plot to be used can be ploughed up1 well manured1 and sown to clover1 the clover turned under in the fall1 a good top-dressing of manure given1 and the whole turned again in the spring1 the soil should be in good garden condition4 ,where the soil is a good1 warm loam the addition of fertilisers will always give excellent results1 though there is the disadvantage of weeds and extra cultivation to consider4 ,the first cost of suitable earth is great1 but it pays in the end in the saving of fertilisers1 labour1 expensive seeds and flowers4 ,chapter ,,three ,fertilisers ,fertilisers in the form of animal manures1 chemicals or vegetable matter come next in importance to a good soil4 ,horse1 cow1 sheep1 and poultry droppings are the cheapest and most direct in results4 ,of the four1 cow manure is probably the best for the majority of plants1 especially ,pansies1 ,iris1 ,violets1 ,ferns and others which love a cool soil4 ,cow manure is known as a cool manure1 and is suitable for a warm or sandy soil4 ,horse manure1 which is more heating1 especially when from young stock1 is better on cold or clayey soil1 as it has the effect of breaking up the adhesiveness of the clay and promoting the formation of sand4 ,hen manure is very warm and is therefore most suitable for cold soils4 ,sheep manure is especially desirable for ,roses and house-plants1 about one part manure to six of earth being the proportion4 ,good results may be obtained by the use of any or all of these1 if in the proper condition and judiciously applied4 ,manure is in proper condition when it has passed completely through the heating or fermenting stage4 ,fresh manure should never be placed where it1 or the water that leaches from it1 can possibly come in contact with the plants2 manure should be six months or1 better still1 a year old before being used4 ,old and well-rotted manure has much the appearance of rich1 black earth1 and is readily assimilated by the plants4 ,it should be fine and free from such rough litter as corn-stalks1 cobs1 and long straws1 and should be thoroughly mixed with the soil4 ,as manure is full of the seeds of weeds and grasses1 it is better1 when applying it in the spring1 to remove a portion of the top-soil and work the manure into the subsoil by spading1 and then to return the top-soil4 ,this will prevent their germination and save a great deal of weeding during the summer4 ,manure that retains its original form is too fresh to use and should be thrown in a heap and frequently forked over to hasten decomposition4 ,it will be fit by another season1 but older stuff must be procured for present use4 ,where there is room it is a wise provision to keep a pile of manure from year to year1 in order to avoid the inconvenience of looking for it when you need it4 ,no better expenditure can be made by the gardener than in purchasing several loads of old manure1 when it is discovered in some neighbouring barn-yard4 ,if one has no supply and must purchase1 the matter should be attended to in the fall at latest1 to allow ample time for saving it4 ,farmers usually draw the manure on the land as it accumulates1 so that it is difficult to obtain in the spring4 ,ashes contain a certain amount of phosphates1 which tend to sweeten the soil4 ,they are also beneficial in increasing the strength or stiffness of the stalks1 and for this reason are valuable for ,aster and ,gladiolus beds2 they should never be mixed with manure1 as is frequently done1 but should be strewn over the surface of the soil after the other fertilisers are worked in4 ,ashes mixed with manure release the ammonia of the latter1 depriving it of one of its most valuable properties4 ,ammonia itself is not a fertiliser but a stimulant1 creating in the plant a desire for the food stored up in the manure--in other words1 an appetiser4 ,plants1 like people1 will not eat unless they have an appetite1 and manure mixed with ashes is poorer and much less valuable in every way to the farmer and gardener4 ,soot is another excellent chemical fertiliser1 adding much to the richness of colour in both flower and foliage4 ,apply either dry or mixed with the surface-soil1 or in the form of a tea made by pouring water over the soot in a vessel4 ,draw off the liquid after the mixture has settled and apply it around the roots of the plants1 taking care that it does not touch the foliage4 ,it is especially good for ,pansies and ,roses4 ,manure-water is a good way to apply animal fertiliser1 as it is fairly free from the seeds of weeds1 which constitute the chief drawback to the solid form4 ,to prepare it take a water-tight barrel or half-barrel and put a spigot in the side near the bottom4 ,place three or four inches of clean straw in the barrel1 letting it come well up above the spigot1 then fill half full of manure4 ,it is not necessary that the manure should be so very old2 it needs only to have passed the fermentation period4 ,fill the barrel with water4 ,fit a tight cover over it and it is soon ready to use4 ,as long as the liquid runs the colour of coffee or a strong tea the manure will not need renewing1 and more water may be added from time to time1 but when it shows signs of exhaustion empty the barrel1 put the refuse on the compost heap and fill the barrel as before4 ,if the liquid is to be used on pot-plants it will be better to use boiling water in the barrel to destroy the eggs and chrysalis of the white-worms and other larv that infest the manure2 or add a half teaspoonful of ,paris green to the water4 ,the first drawings from the barrel should be well diluted before using1 especially when applied to dry soil4 ,if hen manure is used1 it should be made much weaker than other manures1 as it is very heating and likely to burn the roots of plants4 ,a convenient way to handle the manure barrel is to carry a watering-pot of water to the barrel each time1 emptying it in at the top and drawing off a corresponding amount at the spigot--in this way the barrel is kept constantly full and extra steps saved4 ,liquid manure may also be prepared by filling a pail half full of manure1 adding boiling water1 and dipping off the liquid when the sediment is settled4 ,illustration3 ,,manure ,,water ,,is ,a ,,good ,,way ,,to ,,apply ,,animal ,,fertiliser ,after a heavy rain there will often be a pool in some corner of the barn-yard where sufficient liquid manure may be dipped up to fill a barrel or hogshead4 ,where the barn-yard is paved with cobble-stones--as all barnyards should be1 for health and cleanliness--a catch-basin may be easily arranged which the natural slope of the land will fill when it rains4 ,this will more than pay for the trifling outlay for its construction1 as it need only be a depression in the soil1 covered with cement4 ,even stiff clay will answer4 ,it is surprising how carelessly farmers let such valuable property go to waste while they buy load after load of manure at the stables in town and haul it long distances4 ,the yield of the strawberry-and asparagus-beds alone would be sufficiently increased to pay for such a catch-basin many times over4 ,soapsuds furnish another excellent fertiliser1 and every drop of water from the wash-room1 bed-room and kitchen should be saved and applied around the roots of plants--especially ,roses1 ,dahlias1 and vines1 which never seem to get enough of either moisture or nourishment4 ,slop-water should not be put on the foliage of plants1 as it leaves a scum that is difficult to get rid of4 ,a very good substitute for commercial bone-meal may be manufactured at home by saving all the bones from the kitchen1 throwing them into a stone jar1 covering them with strong lye1 and allowing them to remain until soft enough to be pulverised and dug into the soil4 ,the lye that remains may also be applied to the soil after being diluted with water4 ,blood obtained at the slaughter-house is an excellent fertiliser1 containing much easily assimilated plant food in a soluble form4 ,feathers contain much valuable material in the way of phosphates1 but are not suitable for the annual beds4 ,they may be applied to shrubs and hardy perennials by digging them into the ground at a little distance from the plants1 where the roots will reach out and find them4 ,hoof-parings from the blacksmith shop are also valuable for the perennial bed4 ,indeed1 with all the forms of plant food available there is no excuse for starving plants4 ,there are1 of course1 many commercial plant foods and fertilisers on the market1 bone-meal and guano being the most reliable among them1 but many of them are expensive and uncertain in their action4 ,being highly concentrated they are likely to do harm in the hands of the inexperienced4 ,the natural manures are the safest4 ,in using liquid manures either on the open ground or on potted plants1 they should only be applied when the soil has been well watered the day before1 never when it is dry4 ,the plant1 being supplied with all it needs to drink1 absorbs only what it requires for nourishment and is less likely to be injured by an overdose4 ,the moisture in the soil serves also to reduce the strength of the manure4 ,in applying old cow or horse manure to new beds a wheel-barrow load to every nine square feet is not too much for strong growing plants such as ,ricinus1 ,cannas1 and ,salvias4 ,half that quantity of hen manure will be sufficient4 ,chapter ,,four ,the ,hotbed1 ,cold-,frame and ,sand-box ,the hotbed is an enclosure1 affording bottom heat and protection from cold1 for the propagation of tender plants unsuited to sowing in the open ground1 and for starting plants too early in the season for open-air operations4 ,the hotbed is usually started in ,february or ,march in the latitude of ,philadelphia1 while ,april is early enough in the latitude of ,detroit and ,chicago4 ,plants are transferred to the open ground when all danger of frost is past4 ,with the exception of a few plants like ,poppies1 which do not bear disturbance1 all seeds yield better results if planted where they have protection in their early stages from drying wind1 burning sun and nipping cold4 ,this protection the cold-frame gives1 while the hotbed affords the additional advantage of artificial heat4 ,plants thus started will be ready to transplant about the time seeds could be started in the open ground--an important gain in northern latitudes1 where1 between the early and late frosts there is hardly time for the maturing of annuals4 ,the hotbed should be situated on the south side of a building1 wall or fence1 where it will have the full benefit of the sun and be protected from cold winds4 ,it is also desirable that the land should slope toward the south1 that all surface water may drain away1 and that the bed may receive the greatest amount of sunshine during the day4 ,in constructing a hotbed dig a pit two feet deep4 ,this may be lined with planks or bricks1 or left with its earthen walls4 ,over this build a frame of rough lumber around four posts of three-or four-inch stuff1 three feet two inches high in the back1 and two feet eight inches high in the front4 ,if the pit is not lined1 this will bring the frame below the surface and allow a sufficient slant for the free shedding of water and the concentration of the greatest amount of sunshine on the bed4 ,regular hotbed sash are three feet by six1 and cost about two dollars and seventy-five cents each1 glazed and painted4 ,these are usually arranged to rest on the frame1 simply sliding up and down1 the size of the bed determining the number of sash4 ,a bed three by six1 however1 is more easily handled than a larger one2 and two or more beds1 set end to end1 or one long1 narrow one divided by partitions into three-by-six beds1 will be more satisfactory in every way than a wider one4 ,the partitions are necessary1 not alone to strengthen the frame and support the sash1 but to insure to each section the special treatment it requires4 ,not all seeds germinate in the same temperature1 or require the same degree of moisture4 ,there is1 also1 a great difference in the period of germination2 some seeds sprout in from three to five days2 others require as many weeks4 ,with separate sections seeds of similar habits and requirements may be planted together4 ,florists' sash makes an expensive hotbed1 and quite as satisfactory results may be obtained by using such old window-sash as may be picked up for about twenty-five cents apiece where buildings are being torn down or from junk or hardware dealers4 ,old sash will probably need some glazing and painting1 and these are among the things the amateur gardener should learn to do for herself1 as sash must be water-tight and in order at all times4 ,a sudden hail-storm1 a mischievous cat or careless handling may leave one with broken glass that must be replaced at once4 ,when old sash is used the back of the frame should be higher than the sides by the thickness of the sash1 so that the sash may be fastened to it with hinges if desired4 ,a cross-piece from the back to the front for the sash to rest on will give greater stability and prevent draughts of cold air on a sudden fall of temperature4 ,illustration3 ,,when ,,plants ,,appear ,,too ,,thickly ,,in ,,the ,,rows1 ,,transplant ,illustration3 ,a ,,well-,,constructed ,,hotbed ,having constructed the pit1 fill it with fresh manure from the horse-stable--that from young1 grain-fed stock being best4 ,it must be perfectly fresh1 gathered from the stalls in the morning1 and should be mixed with a quantity of litter--long straw or leaves4 ,this serves as fuel1 insuring a continuous heat4 ,without it the heat germinated by the manure would quickly die out and the bed become cold4 ,throw the manure loosely into the frame1 close the sash and wait for fermentation or heating4 ,this should take place in from twelve to twenty-four hours2 if longer than that it will be as well to throw out the manure and begin again1 making sure this time that the manure is absolutely fresh4 ,when the thermometer by rising to #ajj or more degrees shows that fermentation is well under way1 the manure should be well tramped down1 as level and smooth as possible4 ,over this place a couple of inches of fine1 old1 well-rotted manure4 ,this will afford nourishment for the young plants should they make sufficient growth to need it1 or on account of stress of weather be detained in the hotbed longer than expected4 ,if this is not supplied the tender roots of the plants are apt to go in search of the crude manure in the bottom of the hotbed1 and be injured by contact with it4 ,when plants that have come up thrifty suddenly turn yellow and look as if they had been scalded1 though sufficiently protected from the sun1 it is probable that their roots have been burned by the manure4 ,this may be determined by digging down to the roots4 ,if they have reached the manure the cause is evident2 other plants in the same beds1 with shallower roots1 it will be observed1 are not affected in the same way4 ,as this is not likely to happen until the plants have made considerable growth the season will probably be enough advanced to permit of planting out1 especially with protection at night1 or they may be transplanted into the cold-frame until the weather is warm4 ,such mishaps seldom occur1 but when they do1 they must be met promptly4 ,few plants will make over four inches of roots before transplanting1 and when they reach the old manure they usually spread out without going deeper4 ,to return to the construction of the hotbed3 ,cover the manure with four inches of rich1 fine loam1 free from rough lumps and stone2 it would better be put through a sand-or coal-sieve if not mellow and fine4 ,make as level as possible1 and place a thermometer in the soil to register the temperature4 ,when it has risen to #ij degrees or above1 and then fallen to #ge or #gj degrees1 the seed may be sown4 ,in planting seed it is best to use narrow strips of wood to separate the different varieties4 ,this prevents mixing and running together when watered4 ,it is impossible to distinguish between different varieties of ,asters1 ,ageratums and ,pansies once they have become mixed4 ,where one lives within reach of a box factory narrow strips of wood--admirable for this purpose--of uniform width and very thin1 may be readily obtained4 ,it is best to begin at the upper right-hand corner with seeds that require the most time to germinate1 labelling each section plainly with name1 date and the period of germination4 ,flowers that make the tallest growth may be placed against the back with advantage--as ,coba scandens1 ,ricinus1 the ,dolichos1 ,cosmos1 and the like2 giving them the advantage of the extra light and keeping them from withholding the light from the plants in front of them4 ,coarse seeds should be planted in drills and covered to twice their depth4 ,a furrow may be scratched with a sharp stick from an eighth to a half-inch deep1 and the seed sown thinly in it1 the earth being replaced and pressed firmly down with a piece of wood4 ,this is important1 as it brings the seed in close contact with the earth1 and the tiny sprout can lay hold of it at once when germination takes place4 ,many seeds of weak germinating power are lost when sown in loose1 coarse soil by failure to obtain immediate contact with the nourishment contained in it4 ,fine seeds like ,petunias1 ,nicotianas and ,ageratums must be sown broadcast in little squares reserved for them4 ,sow on the surface1 press into the soil with a piece of board and merely sift fine sand over4 ,a piece of thin wood eight or ten inches long and four or five inches wide1 with a handle on one side1 will be found very useful to press the soil down quickly and firmly4 ,this should be an adjunct to every well-regulated hotbed4 ,so should a thermometer1 hung on the back wall of the hotbed1 the bulb level with the soil4 ,after the seeds are all sown1 if the soil is at all dry1 sprinkle carefully with a rubber sprinkler1 or a whisk-broom dipped in water and shaken over the bed4 ,do not use the watering-pot1 as it will wash the seed out of the ground4 ,when the plants are up and of some size the watering-pot may be resorted to1 but not before4 ,when all the seeds are sown as directed cover with newspapers and close the sash4 ,the most careful attention must now be given the hotbed4 ,if the temperature rises above #ge degrees in the warmest part of the day the sash must be raised an inch or two4 ,in doing this1 if the wind is cold1 it will be best to slip a strip of wood between the sash and frame on the windward side1 or protect the opening on the windward side with a bit of carpet4 ,when the seeds in any particular plot show a single pair of leaves1 remove the paper over that much of the bed1 still shading from the sun during the hottest part of the day by a bit of paper on the glass directly over the plants4 ,when the plants appear too thickly in the row1 transplant them as soon as they have their second leaves into other rows between the first1 or into another hotbed or cold-frame4 ,encourage vigorous growth by giving room to develop and as much air and light as possible4 ,as soon as the plants are of sufficient size and the weather is warm enough1 remove the sash during the day1 replacing it with screens made of lath4 ,these screens are easily made by nailing strips of lath1 the width of the hotbed1 to strips of wood the length of the bed4 ,the lath should be set its own width apart1 and the nails1 of which there should be two in each end1 clinched on the under side4 ,such screens are a necessary part of the hotbed1 and will last for years4 ,before transplanting to the open ground these screens should be removed entirely and the plants left exposed to the weather for a few days to harden4 ,screens of chicken netting may be substituted1 if protection from cats1 dogs or chickens is needed4 ,if1 in the early stages of the hotbed1 drops of moisture gather on the glass1 the soil is too wet and the sash must be raised to allow the surplus moisture to pass off1 avoiding always a cold draught across the bed4 ,the cold-frame is simply a frame of boards fitted with sash and placed over a prepared bed of earth4 ,as the bed will be raised slightly above the surface of the soil1 the frame should be set over it1 shutting out the cold from the sides as well as the top4 ,a covered bed1 prepared without heating material1 is a cold-frame2 and one in which the heating material is spent is often used as a cold-frame after it has served its purpose as a hotbed earlier in the season1 for growing ,gloxinias and rooting cuttings during the summer1 and in ,august for sowing ,pansy seed for the next summer's blooming4 ,cold-frames are useful to protect beds of such tender perennials as ,tea-roses1 ,pansies1 ,canterbury-bells1 ,foxgloves and ,violets4 ,violets may1 by this means1 be kept in bloom during the winter4 ,they are also useful for bringing forward1 early in spring1 beds of ,hyacinths and ,narcissi4 ,they should be protected by carpets or mattings at night and during the colder days1 and exposed to the heat of the sun on bright days when the soil is not frozen4 ,when it is1 they must remain covered and thaw out in the dark1 to be aired when the weather is above freezing1 but draughts across the bed must be avoided1 as they will certainly blast any buds there may be4 ,the cold-frame in winter must have good drainage1 or much damage will ensue from water standing around the roots of plants4 ,the surface of the bed must be above the level of the land outside and a trifle lower at one corner4 ,from this corner a trench should be dug having an outlet1 or a deep hole may be dug and filled with broken crockery and stones to carry off all surplus water4 ,the sand-box is a receptacle for the summer storage of plants which are not to be bedded out4 ,it is also used to prepare plants for winter blooming1 and for experiments with novelties in house-plants4 ,it is1 finally1 the ideal place for rooting cuttings4 ,i have never known a plant capable of being started from cuttings that would not take root in the sand-box4 ,any shallow box that may be reached across easily is suitable for this purpose2 or a deep box may be cut down to six or eight inches and rendered available1 the length depending on the plants to be accommodated and the room at disposal4 ,the sand-box should be placed1 if possible1 in a convenient place on the east side of the house4 ,elevate on saw-horses1 blocks1 posts or a regular frame to a height easy to reach when sitting in a chair4 ,fill nearly full with clean white sand2 in this bury the pots nearly to the brims and keep the sand constantly wet4 ,plants that can stand full sunshine--as ,geraniums1 ,crotons1 ,heliotropes1 etc4--should be placed in front2 those requiring more shade may be in the second row1 and those needing the most against the wall4 ,vines1 also1 may be trained against the wall1 and over the sides of the box1 if it is desired to make it beautiful as well as useful4 ,a wooden chair should be placed conveniently near1 and the space underneath may be utilised for ferns1 or the storage of tools and pots4 ,once established1 the sand-box will be found one of the most fascinating of spots4 ,cuttings of all kinds may be thrust into the sand between the pots--,geraniums1 ,carnations and ,roses in front4 ,gloxinias and ,begonias--with the leaves laid flat on the sand in the rear--will quickly take root in it4 ,no one who cultivates a garden1 or house-plants1 should try to get along without a work table or bench1 and this should be situated in some cool1 shady spot out of doors4 ,it may be either a large kitchen table or a large packing box1 the latter being preferable1 perhaps1 as affording shelter for the various tools used in working4 ,it should be high enough to work at conveniently when standing up1 and a tall stool should be provided for sitting on when desired1 to be pushed under the top of table when not in use4 ,there should be a shelf underneath1 sufficiently roomy to hold a supply of pots and flats1 and1 below it1 a box of potting soil and one of fine white sand should be kept ready for use4 ,if the potting soil lies on the ground it will keep moist in the dryest weather4 ,a tin pail of pebbles1 broken crockery and charcoal for drainage1 and a supply of sphagnum moss should also be kept handy4 ,a trowel1 knife1 shears1 pencils and a stick--or1 better still1 a piece of a broken carving-steel--for pushing a plant out of the pot by inserting it in the drainage hole when1 for any reason1 it is not readily removed by tapping1 will greatly lessen the labour of repotting and shifting house-plants in summer4 ,a shallow tray1 with a bail of wood1 large enough to hold a number of pots1 will be useful to carry plants from the potting table to the sand-box1 and will save many steps4 ,with a well-equipped table to depend on and no litter around the house1 one is much more likely to give plants necessary attention promptly4 ,the work then becomes a pleasure instead of a labour to be dreaded4 ,there1 too1 may be kept the supply for staking plants4 ,the nicest stakes for house-plants are made of ,cat-tail stems1 any quantity of which may be gathered in the fall and stored away for future use1 each stalk furnishing two or three stakes4 ,being round and smooth they are sightly and just what is needed for ,carnations1 ,freesias and the like4 ,chapter ,,five ,purchasing of ,seeds ,buying seeds is largely a matter of experience4 ,so glowing are the descriptions in the numerous catalogues sent out that one may easily be led into ordering many worthless novelties1 and many desirable ones for which there is neither room nor sufficient knowledge of their wants to grow them successfully4 ,cheap collections1 where one is requested to send ten cents for a catalogue and twelve packages of seeds1 are worst of all4 ,in buying flower-seeds1 as in everything else1 one never gets 8something for nothing0--not even experience1 and cheap seeds usually prove a very poor investment2 the only safeguard is to buy of trustworthy dealers whose seeds are offered at fair prices4 ,take1 for instance1 ,pansy seed3 one ought not to expect to buy a fine mixture in a full-size packet--two hundred and fifty seeds--for less than twenty-five cents1 while such varieties as ,giant ,trimardeau and ,giant ,cassier should be fifteen cents or more1 according to the place of purchase4 ,a few of the old favourites--like the ,snow ,queen--may be bought in packets costing from three to five cents and prove good value4 ,but generally speaking1 packets selling for less than five cents are to be looked upon with suspicion4 ,seeds bought at the grocer's or other local dealer's are likely to be old or inferior stock--the better class of seedsmen selling direct to the consumer only4 ,at the end of every season seedsmen have a large stock left over4 ,the best concerns destroy these1 but the less scrupulous put them up as prizes for advertising purposes1 or sell them to the local dealers4 ,some varieties of seeds retain vitality for years1 like the ,morning-glory1 while others lose vitality in a few months or weeks1 like the perennial ,phlox1 which must be sown as soon as ripe4 ,from this it can be readily seen how worthless some of the seed carried over from year to year must be4 ,as an experiment1 ,i planted under glass in the house1 with more than usual care1 a part of one of these trial packages of twelve for a quarter4 ,from five of the packages ,i got just one plant--a ,lantana1 while from the sixth ,i grew a number of inferior ,petunias4 ,in striking contrast to this ,i planted1 under the same conditions1 a packet of ,bush ,hill ,pioneer ,cyclamen containing twelve seeds1 for which ,i paid fifty cents1 and secured eleven plants1 every one of which lived1 making four and a half cents apiece for a very choice variety of ,cyclamen1 while the one little common ,lantana cost me ten cents4 ,the prices of one firm will frequently be much higher than those of another equally trustworthy1 the difference being caused1 in most cases1 by the number of seeds in the packets4 ,a few firms now state the number of seeds in their price-lists4 ,this should become the general practice4 ,there is manifest injustice in selling packets containing a quantity which is entirely problematical1 and often much below what the purchaser has a right to expect4 ,to advertise seeds much under the usual price and reduce the number accordingly is a common practice4 ,it is better to buy a few good seeds1 and by careful cultivation bring the plants as near perfection as possible1 than to buy a quantity of cheap seeds4 ,one can join with a friend or neighbour and thus secure a larger variety at less cost than would otherwise be possible4 ,generally speaking ,i think it a great mistake to save one's own seed4 ,few choice varieties are fixed and so tend to run out in two or three seasons4 ,from fine strains of ,asters you may save seed that will give good results the first year1 but flowers grown from seed saved from these will show more or less centre1 so that fresh seed should be purchased every other year at least4 ,as the bees do not visit the ,asters so assiduously as other flowers1 they are less given to hybridisation and come quite true from seed2 the trouble with them being deterioration4 ,the first flower on the plant is usually the best1 and should be reserved for seed by tying a string around it and labelling it1 if it is desired to keep the varieties separate4 ,remove all other blooms on the plant1 as they fade1 allowing only the one selected to ripen4 ,pansy seed should never be saved1 as the ripening of it weakens the plant and checks its blooming4 ,pansies growing in a mixed bed never come true from seed and deteriorate rapidly4 ,growing ,pansy seed is work for the ,pansy specialist1 but if it must be saved a few plants should be grown in a bed by themselves and covered with a netting to keep off the bees1 which work incessantly over the ,pansy bed4 ,not more than two or three of the finest flowers on a plant should be allowed to seed1 all other buds being removed as they form1 and the plants kept in a high state of cultivation and supplied with liquid manure at least once a week during the season of seeding4 ,seed may be saved freely from ,poppies1 as they do not deteriorate appreciably1 and the hybridisation constantly going on results in a wonderful variety of form and colouring4 ,the ripening of one or two capsules of seed does not materially affect the period of bloom2 but it is well to mark one blossom on each plant1 giving a preference to the terminal blossom on the main stalk1 as being usually the finest4 ,remove all other blossoms as they fade4 ,perennial ,poppies will do better1 however1 if no seeds are allowed to form4 ,morning-glories1 ,cosmos and ,verbenas sow themselves better than the gardener can1 the plants being much more vigorous than from the hand-sown seeds4 ,verbenas mix badly1 and are apt to hark back to the original purple strain1 or come striped4 ,the seeds of the pink variety come true1 ,i find1 and some of the finest pinks ,i have seen were from self-sown seed4 ,they range in colour through all the shades from pink to deep rose4 ,a fair proportion of white may also be expected1 but scarlet and red with a white eye are shy and rarely appear4 ,nasturtiums rarely come true from seed1 and if one desires a particular colour or shade1 she must either buy fresh seed or grow that particular variety alone4 ,if1 however1 one simply desires an abundance of bright flowers with a preponderance of yellow1 orange and scarlet1 it is worth while to save seed1 as its vitality is remarkable and every seed may be expected to germinate4 ,no variety of ,petunia can be depended upon when grown in a mixed bed4 ,a particularly fine variety may be lifted and planted on the opposite side of the house1 either in the ground or in a window-box1 or in a pot in the house4 ,from one exceedingly fine specimen of the large ruffled variety1 lifted and grown in a window-box on the opposite side of the house from the ,petunia bed1 ,i saved a single pod of seed from which ,i grew1 the following year1 sufficient plants for a large bed4 ,no two of these were alike in colour1 but they retained the immense size1 ruffled edges1 velvety texture and beautifully marked throats of the parent strain2 some were a velvety crimson1 nearly black1 some white with crimson blotches1 and some showed rare shades of grey4 ,sweet ,alyssum sows itself1 and the trouble is usually not to save but to get rid of it4 ,candytuft may be saved1 but the fewer flowers allowed to seed the better for the continuation of bloom4 ,where one does not actually need the seed all flowers should be removed as fast as they fade4 ,no one thing will add so much to the appearance of the garden as this1 as nothing is more untidy than flowers gone to seed4 ,perennials are greatly benefited by having the withered flowers removed2 indeed so noticeable is the advantage that some1 like the ,monkshood1 will give a second crop of flowers1 and those that will not respond in this way will be more robust and bloom more freely the next year4 ,vincas1 too1 and ,hibiscus bloom more freely if not allowed to seed1 while ,coleus should not even be allowed to bloom4 ,sweet-peas must on no account be permitted to seed unless grown for the purpose4 ,seed may be gathered from the ,thunbergia1 ,maurandya1 ,adlumia1 common ,morning-glory and ,hollyhock without risk of deterioration or harm to the vine4 ,antirrhinums suffer severely from seed-bearing1 while the ,ricinus1 ,lantanas and ,salvias may be allowed to seed freely4 ,ageratums look rusty when ripening seed1 and it pays to go over them frequently with the shears2 this will keep them fresh and full of bloom until frost4 ,one flower-head will furnish all the seed one is likely to want4 ,all seeds should be gathered when ripe and the foliage dry4 ,they should be exposed to the air in any convenient receptacle1 except in the case of the ,thunbergias1 ,balsams1 and others having pods which snap open and expel the seeds to a distance4 ,these should be saved in paper bags until perfectly dry1 when they may be freed from their husks by sifting or winnowing1 and stored in paper bags1 envelopes1 or boxes4 ,it pays to save the florists' envelopes for this purpose1 as they are already labelled4 ,never put seeds away unlabelled1 and it is a good idea to add to the label the date1 period of germination1 with the colour of the bloom1 height1 and other data of interest4 ,it is still better to keep a book of such information to which one may refer from year to year4 ,there are frequent doubts concerning some operation--the season of starting the hotbed1 the time it took a certain class of bulbs to bloom after potting1 and the like4 ,in all such cases the note-book offers unimpeachable evidence4 ,chapter ,,six ,starting ,seeds in ,flats ,there are many choice seeds1 especially in the greenhouse varieties1 that cannot be handled successfully in the hotbed--,begonias1 ,gloxinias1 ,cinerarias1 and ,primulas among them4 ,all seeds too fine to be covered do better with house treatment4 ,for starting these the shallow boxes or flats1 as they are called1 are used4 ,shallow cigar-boxes1 or the larger ones sawed in two and the lid nailed on for the extra bottom1 make convenient sizes for the finest seeds4 ,they may be used from year to year if care is taken to store them away1 at the end of the season1 where they will keep dry and ready for use4 ,holes for drainage should be bored in the bottom and covered with bits of glass or broken crockery4 ,fill with finely sifted leaf-mould to within an inch of the top and shake the earth smooth and even4 ,a smooth piece of board1 three inches wide and as long as the inside width of the flat1 with a handle that can be easily grasped1 is indispensable for pressing down the soil1 both before and after sowing the seeds4 ,it should be stored away with the flats at the end of the season4 ,sow very fine seed broadcast1 scattering it thinly and evenly over the surface and pressing it into the soil with the wood4 ,it will be better to sow only part of a packet at a time4 ,this will usually give all the plants of a kind wanted at one time1 and if success does not follow this first trial there will be seed left for another sowing4 ,label plainly with the name and date of sowing1 and1 when known1 the date of germination4 ,give the soil a thorough watering by setting the flat in lukewarm water until the water rises to the surface1 but not above it4 ,when the entire surface is wet1 remove the box1 draining off all surplus water by tipping on one corner1 until the water ceases to run off4 ,cover the flat with a glass and sheet of white paper and place in a warm place--a shelf above a coal-stove or radiator is an excellent location1 as it affords the bottom heat so essential in starting tender seeds4 ,seeds while germinating need but little light1 and a box on a shelf in a living-room may be so screened as not to be unsightly4 ,a shelf under another1 having a light valance1 is an ideal place1 as the heat strikes more on the bottom of the box1 leaving the top cool4 ,coarse seeds may be sown in rows and lightly covered1 or enough fine white sand to merely cover may be sifted over them4 ,large seed1 like the ,asparagus ,sprengeri may be pressed into the soil to twice their depth4 ,or the soil may first be covered with a thin layer of fine white sand1 and the seeds sown on this and covered according to need4 ,sand counteracts the troublesome tendency to damping off caused by the presence of a minute fungus in the form of a fine moss or thread-like filaments covering the ground4 ,since this is the result of too much moisture1 the remedy is to remove the glass1 allowing the surplus moisture to pass off and the dry air to strike the soil for a short time4 ,care must be taken that the dryness does not extend below the surface4 ,drops of water on the glass indicate too much humidity4 ,the glass should be removed1 wiped1 and aired4 ,where the plants are not too close together a crochet-hook or hat-pin may be used to scrape the moss or filament from the earth4 ,this slight disturbance of the soil often serves to destroy the fungus4 ,if the soil threatens to become dry1 water carefully with a rubber sprinkler4 ,if the dryness begins in the bottom1 water as before by setting the flat in a pan of water4 ,when the plants have their second leaves give more air and remove the paper2 in a day or two set in a light1 warm window1 screening from the hot sun by placing a piece of white paper between the box and the window glass4 ,leave the glass partly off the flat to admit air1 and when the plants have their first true leaves remove it entirely for a part of the time4 ,illustration3 ,,starting ,,seeds ,,in ,,flats ,when large enough to handle1 transplant the seedlings into other flats1 setting them one or two inches apart according to their growth4 ,when the leaves again touch prick them out in two-inch pots of leaf-mould1 placing a piece of crockery over the drainage hole and filling with earth to within half an inch of the top4 ,plunge the pots into a box of sand in a sunny window until large enough to go out of doors4 ,as soon as the roots fill the pots shift to a size larger1 using compost of two parts fibrous loam1 four parts leaf-mould1 one part old1 well-rotted manure1 and one part sharp white sand1 all thoroughly sifted together4 ,this is called fine compost1 while soils that have not been sifted are known as rough compost4 ,to remove sticks1 stones1 or hard bits of root put through a sand or coal-ash screen4 ,a piece of wire netting slightly gathered up in the hand makes a convenient screen for a small quantity and a box with a netting bottom for larger quantities of earth4 ,by the time the plants again need shifting it should be warm enough to bed out all those that are to grow in the open ground1 while those intended for the house must be shifted from pot to pot as they outgrow their quarters and be given such special treatment as the individual plants may require1 always aiming at as thrifty a growth as possible4 ,plants intended for winter blooming must have all their buds removed and their branches pinched back according to their summer development4 ,weak liquid manure may be given once a week during summer4 ,keep the sand in the sand-box wet at all times1 but do not over-water4 ,water thoroughly and then allow the earth to become nearly dry before watering again2 this alternate moisture and dryness allows the wood to ripen and make a stockier growth and one that will stand frequent changes of temperature better than the tender growth induced by over-watering4 ,chapter ,,seven ,transplanting and ,repotting ,tender annuals should not be planted out of doors until all danger of frost is past--usually about the twentieth of ,may in the latitude of ,detroit and ,chicago1 and correspondingly earlier in the latitude of ,philadelphia4 ,corn-planting time is safe in all latitudes4 ,even hardy annuals1 if not too crowded1 do better in hotbeds and boxes until the nights are warm4 ,vines especially suffer from cold nights and cold ground1 and often receive a set-back from which they may not recover all summer4 ,it is best to prepare the beds a few days in advance that they may settle1 as freshly dug soil is too loose for the roots of tender seedlings4 ,for solid beds of one flower make straight1 parallel rows about nine inches apart for plants like ,pansies1 and from twelve to eighteen for ,asters and their kind4 ,a most convenient method is to use a board the length of the bed1 or as long as convenient1 with the distance between the plants marked on it4 ,by using a board wide enough to stand or kneel on1 stepping on the bed is avoided4 ,on a round bed the lines may run straight across or they may radiate from the centre1 in which case it will be necessary to skip a part of every other row1 as the rows run together at the top4 ,it is better to transplant on a bright1 warm day when the soil is dry than on a damp or wet one4 ,never transplant when the soil is wet4 ,many people take advantage of an approaching rain to set out plants1 but this is a doubtful practice4 ,if the rain is followed by several days of cloudy weather1 it may do1 but if followed by hot sunshine the plants will suffer more than if first planted in sunshine in hot1 dry weather4 ,only as many plants should be lifted from the hotbed at one time as may be transplanted before they wilt badly4 ,the plants should be well watered the night before1 that they may have a good supply of moisture stored1 and that the soil may be moist and cling closely to their roots4 ,with the trowel make a hole deep enough to receive the roots without crowding1 place the plant1 fill the hole with water1 and when that has partly disappeared press the earth firmly about the roots4 ,work the surface earth fine and smooth about the plant1 taking care that it is perfectly dry4 ,if1 after setting the bed1 wet spots appear1 go over them carefully with dry earth4 ,do not cover or protect in any way2 far more plants are lost by so-called protection than by any other form of mismanagement4 ,if the planting has been done properly the roots will keep cool and damp--the mulch of earth preventing evaporation4 ,this being the case1 the tops will take care of themselves if sun and air have free access and the wind can sweep across them4 ,planting1 as it is usually done--with the surface left wet1 and the air shut away from the top--causes the water to evaporate rapidly in the hot air1 and the plant is literally cooked to death4 ,the water applied to the roots at planting will usually last for several days4 ,the condition of the soil may be ascertained by removing a portion of the surface4 ,if the earth underneath is found to be drying out too much make a hole on one side of the plant and fill it with water as before1 carefully replacing the mulch of dry earth4 ,should it rain before the plants have become established the earth must be worked over as soon as it begins to dry that the moisture may be retained4 ,if these directions are carefully carried out the tenderest plants may be transplanted in the hottest sun without injury4 ,occasionally a plant will wilt from exposure before planting1 but it will be all right the next day--unless it was really injured before being placed in the ground4 ,i repeat the caution to lift no more plants at one time than may be set in the ground before they wilt2 to form a fine mulch of dry earth over the soil2 to cover plants in no way1 and to use no water on the surface for a few days until they have become established1 which they will indicate by spreading out their leaves and making ready to grow4 ,this method of planting should be followed in moving plants from one part of the garden to another1 in resetting clumps of perennials1 in bedding out house-plants and those received by mail4 ,where these last have had part or all of the soil removed it will greatly benefit them to set them in pots until these are filled with roots4 ,it is desirable that young plants should be kept growing vigorously all the time1 and frequent shifting is necessary4 ,whenever the earth becomes full of roots1 or the ball of earth is covered with a network of roots1 the plant should be shifted into a pot a size larger4 8,shifting0 means changing the plant to a pot a size larger without disturbing the ball of earth1 while 8repotting0 properly means an entire renewal of the soil1 the same sized crock being sometimes used4 ,shifting may be done at any time1 even though the plant be in full bloom1 while repotting should be done when the plant is dormant1 as it is likely to cause the buds to blast and the foliage to droop4 ,plants less than a year old are better shifted than repotted--especially such as have neither bloomed nor shown any decided tendency to rest4 ,after blooming and resting1 if they are in as large a pot as you care to handle1 they may be repotted in fresh soil1 care being taken not to injure the roots1 while dead roots should be removed with the shears4 ,when a plant has outgrown its pot and it is inexpedient to give it a larger one--especially if it is not making a very vigorous top growth1 part of the roots may be removed by running a knife down on two sides of the plant1 which should not be disturbed afterward until the roots begin to grow anew1 say1 in three or four weeks1 when it may be repotted with good rich soil4 ,illustration3 ,,sifting ,,loam ,,through ,a ,,sieve ,in shifting plants turn them out of the pot without disturbing the ball of earth4 ,this may be done by placing the hand over the pot1 reversing it and giving it a sharp tap on the edge of the table1 which will loosen it4 ,sometimes1 when a plant has become pot bound1 it will stick to the sides of the pot1 when a stick inserted in the drainage hole against the stone in the bottom will usually loosen it4 ,having removed the plant from the pot1 take out the old drainage material carefully1 place in a pot a size or two larger an inch or two of broken charcoal covered with a little sphagnum moss to prevent the earth working into the drainage and clogging it4 ,fill in as much earth as the difference in the size of pot seems to require1 working it well up around the sides with the trowel2 press the old pot into this to make a hole the proper size and shape2 place the plant1 press the earth around it1 and add more if needed4 ,water well and return to its place on the shelf or in the sand-box4 ,in potting some plants will require to have the soil pressed much more firmly around the roots than others4 ,those which make a soft growth1 such as ,impatiens sultana1 various ,primulas1 ,cinerarias1 and most tuberous plants1 like ,begonias and ,gloxinias1 may be potted rather loosely1 that is1 with the earth pressed down lightly4 ,geraniums should be potted much more firmly1 while such hard-wooded plants as ,roses1 ,hibiscus1 ,otaheite ,orange and ,fuchsias1 should be potted very hard indeed4 ,many failures in plant growing may be traced to neglect of this rule4 ,cuttings of common house-plants are so easily rooted that it seems almost superfluous to give directions for handling them4 ,geraniums1 ,petunias1 ,coleus1 and the like will rarely fail to root if stuck in the ground by the side of the plant2 they will do still better if placed in the sand-box4 ,on the whole ,i prefer to set them in small pots of earth plunged in the sand-box and kept moist1 as by this method they do not suffer the shock of disturbance when ready to pot off4 ,a word about the selection of cuttings will not be amiss1 as failure to choose wisely often results in the loss of the cutting1 or in a poor or straggly plant4 ,quick1 tender growths are not suitable for cuttings1 except in the case of the ,chinese ,hibiscus1 where the extreme tips are used for rooting2 hard or woody growths are equally undesirable4 ,the part where the new wood begins to harden and will break with a snap is best4 ,no cutting should be over two or three inches long4 ,the little1 stubby side branches on ,geraniums are best1 and as soon as growth begins these should be pinched back to within an inch of the ground1 or to the lowest buds on the stalks2 this insures a stocky plant1 branching close to the ground4 ,heliotropes do not root readily and should be started in wet sand in full sunshine and covered with a glass1 which should be lifted occasionally to allow the surplus moisture to pass off1 or in a bottle of water hung in a sunny window4 ,rose cuttings are so easily and so quickly rooted in the sand-box that it seems a waste of time to try any other way4 ,in cutting ,roses for bouquets1 during summer1 one should be generous with stems1 cutting down to a robust leaf-bud in the axil of a leaf4 ,after the ,roses have faded the stems may be used for cuttings1 dividing them into as many lengths as the buds allow1 leaving two or three buds to a cutting4 ,by this method one may have a large number of young ,rose plants with little trouble and no expense4 ,coleus cuttings are quickly rooted by putting them in a glass dish filled with water and set in a warm place4 ,if in the fall it is desired to save choice varieties growing on the lawn1 large cuttings may be taken of the finest plants4 ,grouped together in a bowl1 they are sightly and root readily4 ,as the plants begin to grow they are likely to lose their large leaves--the new growths starting at the axils of these push them off--injuring the appearance of the plant4 ,they should be potted off as soon as possible1 the tops pinched out1 and the plant encouraged to grow vigorously4 ,to this end a warm1 even temperature is necessary1 sudden chills being fatal4 ,gloxinias may be started in the sand-box by laying a leaf flat on the sand1 in partial shade1 covering the stem end with the sand4 ,a callus will soon form1 followed presently by a bulb4 ,this may be as large as a hazel-nut before top growth begins4 ,when tiny leaves appear the plant may be lifted and potted and grown until it blooms4 ,it is not necessary to rest ,gloxinias--either from seeds or cuttings--before they have bloomed4 ,begonias and ,achimenes are rooted in the same way4 ,umbrella-plants are started by placing face down in a dish of water in the sun4 ,rubber and any other hard-wooded plants may be rooted by making an incision in the under side of a branch near a leaf1 at a point where the wood has begun to harden1 and wrapping the wound in a quantity of sphagnum moss1 kept constantly wet4 ,a thread should be tied to the branch on the side farthest from the main stalk and attached to a limb above to hold the cut slightly open that it may quickly become calloused4 ,after a time roots will make their appearance through the moss1 when the branch may be removed and potted4 ,a method sometimes employed1 when it is desired to save the crown of a plant which has a leggy or unshapely undergrowth1 is to partly sever the stem at the point at which it is desired to root the plant1 cutting out a wedge-shaped piece and packing with sphagnum moss4 ,or a small flower-pot1 divided in halves1 may be fitted around the cut1 the bottom of the pot resting on a lower limb or other support1 and filled with earth or sand kept constantly moist4 ,illustration3 ,,repotting ,cuttings liable to decay1 as are some of the ,cacti1 may often be saved by tying them to a bit of wood and inserting that in the ground so that the end of the cutting just rests on the surface4 ,in this way the air will reach and harden it so that a callus can form4 ,without the formation of the callus the sap escapes and the branch withers or decays4 ,when the callus forms the imprisoned sap goes to the formation of roots4 ,some plants form more pronounced calluses than others--particularly the ,gloxinia and ,rose4 ,layering is another form of rooting cuttings1 and is especially valuable for ,carnations1 ,honeysuckles1 and plants whose branches grow near the ground or are supple enough to be bent down below its level4 ,a cut should be made in the under side of a branch just below a joint1 the cut portion brought down below the ground to insure moisture1 and bent sufficiently to spread the cut somewhat1 or it may be laid on the surface and a stone placed at the point of the cut4 ,from a long branch like the ,honeysuckle a number of cuttings may be started at once by notching the branch in several places and pegging it down1 making the ground higher between each notch that there may be sufficient bend to the branch to keep the cut open4 ,chapter ,,eight ,house-plants ,from ,seeds ,raising house-plants from seed is a most fascinating work1 and it is also the most economical way of obtaining a number of choice plants1 as a packet of seeds may be purchased for the price of a single plant4 ,a package of ,geranium seed may give a dozen plants1 while a packet of ,gloxinias or ,cinerarias may give a hundred or more--the fine seed germinating more freely than the large4 ,mixed seeds also give a variety1 no two plants being identical in bloom1 and1 what is most important1 seedlings always bloom--while plants from cuttings are often stubborn in this respect and sometimes refuse to bloom at all1 owing probably to the check received at propagation4 ,a cutting taken from a vigorous plant1 rooting quickly1 and continuing to grow1 is quite certain to bloom--while the reverse is the case with one slow to root and slow to start into growth after rooting4 ,the seedling1 meeting with no check1 blossoms in the natural course1 and it has the advantage of growing from the start in the same atmospheric conditions1 and does not suffer the violent change from the moist1 warm air of the greenhouse into the dryer1 more uneven temperature of the living-room4 ,by sowing seed one obtains a number of plants with the same season of bloom1 making a finer appearance than mixed plants blooming at different times4 ,a half dozen ,cinerarias or ,calceolarias in full bloom is a sight to gladden the heart of the gardener4 ,in giving the following cultural details ,i have selected those seeds which are always carried in stock and may be depended upon to give good results in the hands of the amateur4 ,unless some one particular colour or marking is desired it is better to purchase the mixed seed--selecting always the finest1 or 8extra choice mixed10 which will also be the highest priced4 ,never buy cheap seed for house-plants4 ,exception may1 perhaps1 be made in the case of ,primroses1 which are more inclined to come true1 and it is1 for this reason1 better to purchase any particular colours one may wish in separate packets4 ,some seedsmen now put up expensive seeds in whole and half-sized packets1 and the half packets will usually give all the plants needed of one kind4 ,the mystery of tint and colour1 only to be revealed at blossom time1 is one of the greatest charms of growing mixed seedlings4 ,the ,abutilons1 or ,flowering ,maples1 if set going any time before ,april will flower the same season4 ,start in the house in flats1 and when large enough to handle transplant into tiny pots in a hotbed or sunny window and grow on until time to plant in the open ground1 shifting as required4 ,they may also be started in the hotbed1 or in a protected bed in the open ground when the trees are in bloom4 ,set from one to two feet apart1 according as a close hedge or fine specimen plants are required4 ,the new ,california ,abutilons present a great diversity of form and colour--there are beautiful drooping bells1 gay little parachutes1 flowers crinkled like crape or shining like satin1 some so full as to appear double4 ,they should be cultivated frequently if grown in the open ground and potted before the nights become cold1 as a chill is often as harmful as frost1 and plants so exposed are likely to lose their foliage4 ,plants intended for winter blooming should be lifted while the days and nights are still warm4 ,asparagus plumosus nanus and ,a4 ,sprengeri 7emerald feather7 may be started any time in the late winter or early spring4 ,the seeds are large and should be planted in rows an inch apart each way1 pressing them into the soil a quarter of an inch and covering them over4 ,they germinate in about twenty-one days1 and require no especial care other than to be kept moist and fairly warm4 ,when an inch high transplant to thumb-pots1 using the fine compost4 ,shift as often as necessary2 all ,asparagus--especially the ,sprengeri--are greatly benefited by frequent repotting4 ,spray frequently1 keep moist always1 and give liquid manure once a week while growing4 ,a4 ,sprengeri grows rapidly and is the most easily managed of all varieties4 ,it needs1 however1 abundant root room1 and where that is restricted must be given some kind of plant-food4 ,it is the plant most used for hanging-baskets4 ,a basket of three two-year-old seedlings is a thing of beauty1 throwing off wonderful fronds--even in the dry air of a sitting-room heated with a coal-stove4 ,they should be given a chance to rest during the summer by setting in a cool1 shady place1 watering sparingly4 ,when the plant shows signs of renewed growth repot1 giving a larger pot if necessary1 or1 if two or three plants have been growing in one basket they may be separated and given more room4 ,an elongated tuber is formed on the roots1 which stores nourishment--like the nodules on the ,clematis and ,clover roots4 ,it is useless for propagating purposes1 and should not be disturbed4 ,a basket or a pot on a bracket or pedestal is the only way in which to grow ,a4 ,sprengeri successfully1 while ,a4 plumosus nanus succeeds best in deep pots1 as it sends its roots far down1 often pushing its crown well above the soil in this way4 ,a4 plumosus sends out fronds several feet long1 and is best adapted for growing on strings4 ,a deep pot on a north or east window-sill suits it well1 provided it is not too cool1 and fine spool-wire makes a neat support and is almost invisible4 ,the seeds of ,rex and other ,begonias are so fine as to look like dust4 ,they should be sown on the surface of the soil1 in flats in the house1 in ,february or ,march1 and an even temperature maintained4 ,they germinate in eight or ten days1 and the greatest care is required to keep the tender seedlings from damping off or drying out4 ,the tiny plants appear first as a vague green bloom on the face of the soil1 and a magnifying glass is necessary to show that each infinitesimal green point is possessed of a pair of leaves4 ,from this time on it is a delight to watch the development of character in the leaf--quite tiny plants showing different markings4 ,i have never raised two ,rex ,begonias exactly alike4 ,when the little plants are large enough to handle prick them out into other flats1 setting them an inch apart each way4 ,when an inch high put into two-inch pots of leaf-mould1 and plunge the pots in a pan of wet sand in a cool1 north window where bulbs are growing1 if possible1 as the constant evaporation from these keeps the air moist4 ,this is an important consideration in the culture of ,begonias1 and in winter water should be kept on stove1 radiator or register to supply moisture4 ,among the fine bedding1 fibrous-rooted ,begonias the new ,vulcan1 a fiery scarlet2 ,vernon1 a deep red2 ,erfordii1 a soft pink1 and the dwarf ,bijou are the best4 ,by starting these during ,january and ,february in flats in the house they may be bedded out in early summer4 ,if planted in the house in ,january1 transplanted to flats1 and thence to the hotbed when it is emptied after the #bjth of ,may1 and partly shaded1 they will be fine1 robust plants by ,august1 and may be used to replace the ,pansies when it is not desired to carry these through the summer4 ,if one has a sufficient number of pots1 pot and plunge in the hotbed and they will not be set back by transplanting1 but they must be plunged to the rim4 ,they should be shifted when necessary1 duly mulched1 and not allowed to dry out4 ,nothing finer than the tuberous ,begonias can be desired either for bedding or for pot culture4 ,the single are perhaps showier for bedding1 but the double are handsomer for pot culture4 ,they do admirably bedded out in a shady corner1 or in pots in the sandbox4 ,peat1 or a compost of two parts loam1 two parts leaf-mould1 and one part each of sand and old1 well-rotted manure suits all varieties of ,begonias4 ,in setting out the tuberous ,begonia it is well to mulch the bed with lawn clippings4 ,water thoroughly once a day1 and1 if very dry1 or at all exposed to the sun1 twice a day4 ,so really wonderful are their blossoms1 and so long and freely do they bloom1 that they well repay a little extra care and protection4 ,when frosty nights come the tuberous ,begonias must be lifted1 potted and kept indoors until they have completed their season of growth4 ,then water should be gradually cut off and the pots stored away in a dark1 warm closet until spring1 or if there are too many ,begonias to pot they may be ripened off at once by putting on a tray of damp earth with the roots covered1 and allowing them to dry gradually4 ,when dry the tubers may be removed1 wrapped separately in tissue-paper and stored in a dry1 fairly warm place--a shelf in a closet or a drawer4 ,probably no greenhouse flower is as little known or repays acquaintance as royally as the ,calceolaria4 ,of infinite variety1 its showy purse-shaped flowers range from a rare pure white through all the shades of pale lemon1 orange1 and scarlet to a deep1 rich1 velvety cardinal4 ,it is one of the most easily cultivated of house-plants4 ,the seed is fine like the ,begonia1 is handled in the same way1 and germinates in eight or ten days4 ,shift as often as the pot fills with roots1 using a size larger each time and disturbing the roots as little as possible4 ,rather more loam than leaf-mould is used in potting them4 ,keep in an east window in winter1 where there is good morning sunlight and a temperature of at least #fj degrees4 ,the air should be kept moist1 either from blossoming bulbs or dishes of water on the stove4 ,in a dry atmosphere it is liable to attacks of red spider1 which greatly mar the foliage4 ,the remedy or preventive measure is fresh air and moisture4 ,keep the soil moist but not wet4 ,when the flower-buds appear slightly increase the supply of water and give a little manure once a week4 ,the large felty leaves grow so thick and close that when the buds appear1 to prevent injury from lack of light it may be necessary to remove a few leaves4 ,if kept growing vigorously and shifted frequently1 plants should be in five-inch pots by ,february and coming into bloom4 ,when in full bloom it is well to remove to a cool room1 where the blossoms will last for weeks4 ,cuttings may be taken when they are through blooming1 but ,i think it best to begin afresh each year with seed4 ,cinerarias make fine1 large plants1 as broad as they are high1 their rich1 velvety leaves showing on the under side wonderful colourings of green and lavender1 purple and plum4 ,the large heads of single daisy-like flowers show many shades of white1 lavender1 crimson1 purple1 and maroon4 ,most of the varieties have a dark eye and are sharply margined with some contrasting color4 ,the seed is fine and is simply pressed into the soil4 ,it germinates in from five to seven days1 and requires little heat4 ,as the plants are rather difficult to carry through the hot weather it is better to defer sowing until ,august4 ,their growth is rapid if given a cool1 moist atmosphere1 but a draught is most injurious and care must be taken never to over-water them4 ,they like a moist1 but never wet1 soil1 frequently stirred when there is any sign of damping off4 ,they may be carried through an unusually hot spell in a cool north or east cellar window1 always avoiding draughts4 ,in winter an east window suits them best1 with abundant room to develop their leaves4 ,they are an exceedingly ornamental plant even without the flowers4 ,the shady side of the sand-box is the best place for them in summer4 ,they need frequent shifting1 and by winter should be in five-inch pots4 ,after the buds appear give liquid manure once a week4 ,the utmost care must be taken to guard against aphides or green plant-lice1 which are absolutely fatal if allowed to gain any foothold4 ,the prevention is plenty of fresh air and tobacco-dust sprinkled on the leaves1 which mars their beauty4 ,the remedy--dipping in water heated to about #ace degrees1 or brushing off the lice and killing them4 ,carnations are the most easily grown of all desirable house-plants4 ,if planted in drills in the hotbed in ,april1 or in the open ground when the trees are in leaf1 they will bloom in about four months4 ,for outdoor blooming the ,marguerite ,carnations are usually selected1 and the ,giant of ,california is a new and choice variety of this popular strain4 ,the seed is sown an eighth of an inch deep1 the plants appearing in from five to seven days4 ,when large enough to handle transplant into fresh rows in hotbed or flats1 setting them an inch or two apart each way4 ,when they are two or three inches high prick off into pots filled with three parts good loam and one of leaf-mould and plunge back into the hotbed4 ,when the weather is warm enough set them in well-prepared beds of loam1 enriched with a liberal quantity of well-rotted manure1 planting them a foot apart each way4 ,cultivate frequently during summer to keep them free from weeds4 ,a little soot and ashes added to the soil between the rows will heighten the colour of flowers and foliage and add stiffness to the flower-stems4 ,the ashes will also counteract the tendency to burst the calyx1 so troublesome in the ,carnation4 ,plants intended for winter blooming should have all the buds removed during the summer1 up to the first of ,september4 ,only a few flowers will be obtained in the open ground the first year1 but if the plants are protected during the winter they will bloom freely the second season4 ,while blooming no seed should be allowed to form1 and if size and quality are desired more than profusion of bloom1 all but the terminal buds on each stalk should be removed4 ,this is the method employed by florists to produce their long-stemmed beauties4 ,dig in the second summer a little old manure between the rows and sprinkle ashes there4 ,a mulch of two or three inches of lawn clippings between the plants will hold the moisture so that cultivation will not be necessary4 ,fresh ,carnation seed should be sown each spring1 that there may always be blossoming plants and the bed made perpetual4 ,carnations will not stand the second winter1 hence the need of young plants to renew the bed4 ,if it is desired to perpetuate any variety cuttings may be taken1 or the plants may be increased by layering4 ,branches from each plant may be pegged down between the rows1 equal distances apart1 severed from the old plants when sufficiently established1 and allowed to remain when the old plants are removed in the fall or following spring4 ,the bed will1 in this way1 perpetuate itself2 but cuttings from the same plants deteriorate in two or three years1 and fresh seed should be sown every two years at least4 ,in growing winter ,carnations for the house shift them as often as the growth of the plant requires1 using three parts loam1 one part leaf-mould1 and one part each of sharp sand and old manure4 ,when ready to bloom they should be in five-or six-inch pots4 ,they require an atmosphere cooler than that of the ordinary living-room4 ,a south window away from direct fire1 where the temperature stands at #ej or #ee degrees1 is best4 ,water thoroughly1 but allow the soil to nearly dry out before watering again4 ,if possible sprinkle the foliage every day and watch carefully for green fly and red spider2 though there is less danger of their appearance in a cool room than in the hot1 dry air of the living-room4 ,when the flower-stalks appear they will need support1 which may be supplied by placing three or four sticks or cat-tails at the side of the pot and twisting strings around them1 back and forth1 forming a frame around the plant4 ,there is an excellent ,carnation frame on the market1 costing a few cents1 which is similar but much neater4 ,stakes thrust into the ground near the crown of a plant are apt to injure it1 and must be used carefully if at all2 the finer the point on the stake the less damage done4 ,should green lice or flies appear syringe the plants with tobacco tea1 or fumigate with tobacco1 leaving them in the smoke long enough to insure success4 ,or the plant may be dipped in hot water at about #acj degrees2 this will kill all insects or eggs4 ,illustration3 ,,when ,,two ,,or ,,three ,,inches ,,high1 ,,transplant ,,carnations ,,into ,,pots ,illustration3 ,,an ,,easily ,,made ,,carnation ,,support ,cyperus1 or ,umbrella-plant1 may be easily raised from cuttings1 but it is sometimes desirable to have a number of plants for aquatic gardening1 and growing from seed is an economy4 ,the seeds should be sown in flats and kept warm2 they germinate in about ten days1 coming up very freely4 ,as many as three hundred plants have been secured from one packet4 ,prick the seedlings out into larger flats as soon as they are big enough to handle1 and when two or three inches high pot them off into two-or three-inch pots of muck1 plunging into wet sand and keeping constantly moist4 ,shift them as the pots fill with roots1 and by the time the plants are in four-inch pots the water should be kept standing in the saucer all the time4 ,when they attain proper size they should be grown in a jardinire or other vessel holding water1 or else the pot in which they grow should be plunged in water4 ,the ,cyperus1 being a semi-aquatic plant1 cannot have too much water2 the lack is quickly shown by the leaf-tips turning brown4 ,two plants kept fairly wet in pots1 but plainly suffering1 so were plunged into a lily-tank2 in a few days the roots had pressed to the surface in search of water1 and hung1 a perfect fringe1 over the edge of the pots4 ,the effect on the tops was as pronounced--the crown quickly sending up lush green umbrellas in striking contrast to the discolouration of the original plants4 ,there are two varieties of the ,umbrella-plant--a dwarf1 growing not more than eighteen inches high1 and a tall variety growing three or four feet2 the former is prettier for table decorations1 while the latter is more effective for pedestals in halls and drawing-rooms4 ,remove all weak or spindly umbrellas and all discoloured ones2 it is also well to remove the flowers1 as seeding injures the plant4 ,cyclamen may be started in flats or in a cool hotbed from ,january to ,march1 pressing the seed into the soil about twice their depth4 ,they must be kept moist1 not wet1 all the time4 ,they do not require as much heat as the ,calceolaria1 but the temperature must be kept as even as possible4 ,the seed germinates in from two to four weeks1 according to its vitality4 ,it is best to start them in large flats and let them grow on undisturbed4 ,about the last of ,may remove them to a cold-frame on the east side of the house1 disturbing the roots as little as possible1 and setting the plants about eight inches apart each way4 ,keep the soil moist and mellow by frequent cultivation1 or by mulching it with sphagnum moss or lawn clippings4 ,when the plants have attained some size give weak liquid manure once a week1 pouring it in a shallow trench between the rows1 that it may not touch the bulbs or foliage4 ,treated in this way they should be ready to bloom by winter2 if grown in pots they will not bloom until the second season4 ,when cold weather comes lift the plants and put in four-or five-inch pots1 according to size1 using good garden loam and one-fourth the quantity of old1 well-rotted manure4 ,they should be grown in a cool east room and syringed daily4 ,in the spring after blooming withhold water gradually1 giving no more than will keep the roots from drying out1 and set them in a cool1 shady place during the summer--the rear of the sand-box is best1 where other growths will protect them from the sun4 ,in continuous wet weather they should be turned on their sides or otherwise protected from extreme moisture4 ,when they show an inclination to grow again1 if they are in large enough pots1 remove as much of the top-soil as possible without disturbing the roots1 and replace it with fresh1 rich earth and old manure4 ,if the plants are crowded with roots remove them into pots one or two sizes larger4 ,give them a good watering and set in a somewhat lighter and warmer position4 ,cyclamen bulbs1 like the ,amaryllis1 should not be allowed to dry out entirely1 as this destroys the roots1 and when the top growth starts in advance of the root growth1 as is usual1 the plant will die from insufficient nourishment4 ,florists frequently send out dry bulbs with flower-buds half an inch long and no sign of roots2 such bulbs rarely amount to anything4 ,when obliged to start a dry bulb1 it is better to sink it half way in the soil and cover with sphagnum moss4 ,set it in a dry1 cool place1 and examine it from time to time that it may not be kept back longer than necessary4 ,the starting of leaves is a fair indication of root growth1 as the premature growth is usually of buds4 ,geraniums are as easily raised as ,carnations--indeed1 it seems only necessary to put them in the ground and await results4 ,in the spring sow the seed in drills in hotbeds or flats1 covering with an eighth of an inch of soil4 ,the plants should appear in from ten to fifteen days1 and if they do not stand too closely may be allowed to grow on until they have two or three leaves4 ,if mixed seeds are sown of the fancy-leaved1 the scented1 the zonale and the ,lady ,washington1 the development of the several kinds will afford a fascinating study4 ,care should be taken to save the more delicate-looking seedlings1 as these will give the choicest varieties2 the more robust plants among the zonales indicate a retrogression toward the original type1 which has scarlet blooms4 ,all choice new ,geraniums are produced by seeds from hybridised flowers4 ,pot off the last of ,may in three-inch pots1 using good garden loam and well-rotted manure4 ,pot them rather firmly and plunge into the sand-box in full sunshine4 ,water thoroughly and allow the soil to become dry before watering again2 this tends to harden the new growth and makes the plants stocky4 ,nip out the top of the plants1 forcing them to break or make new branches near the ground4 ,the nearer the ground a ,geranium branches the better plant it will make4 ,pinch off the shoots as they appear1 allowing them to grow only three or four inches long4 ,remove all buds that appear before fall and shift to larger pots if needed1 though ,geraniums do not need as much pot room when blooming as many other flowers4 ,give liquid manure once a week after the buds appear--before that time the use of fertilisers encourages the production of foliage rather than of flowers4 ,zonales should bloom by ,february and ,pelargoniums by ,march or ,april the first year4 ,they should be watered more freely when in bloom4 ,geraniums should be grown close to the glass to give best results4 ,in prolonged cloudy weather the buds will blast and the new growth look sickly in spite of all care4 ,pelargoniums are very satisfactory when raised from seed1 showing great diversity of colour and markings4 ,when they have finished blooming in the spring cut them back freely1 using the cuttings for new plants4 ,the old plants should be set in the shade to rest and watered sparingly4 ,at the end of that time they may be brought into the sunlight or plunged into open ground and encouraged to grow freely4 ,removing a portion of the leaves at this time--every other one1 for instance--will cause new shoots to break at the axils of the leaves1 and every new shoot means new blossom points4 ,by the middle of ,september the plants should be lifted1 cut back to the point where the wood begins to harden1 and given a warm1 sunny window4 ,cuttings started in spring1 if shifted1 kept growing and pinched back occasionally1 should be in splendid condition for early spring blooming4 ,in growing ,geraniums never lose sight of the fact that stocky1 many-branched plants give flowers in abundance2 tall1 spindly plants the reverse4 ,a ,geranium should always be as broad as it is high to be at its best4 ,ivy ,geraniums need extra care to keep them low and stocky4 ,water sparingly and give abundant sunshine if you wish these to bloom4 ,geranium seeds come up very irregularly1 so that it is well not to disturb the ground for some time after the proper season of germination has passed4 ,in this way many extra plants are secured4 ,gloxinias ,like all fine seeds the ,gloxinias often give a surprising number of plants from a single packet4 ,the seed is sown on the surface of small flats in the house and the plants appear in about ten days4 ,they are very tender at first and must be protected from undue heat1 moisture1 cold or draughts4 ,they may be potted when large enough and plunged in the shady side of the sand-box1 in a cold-frame1 on the east side of the house1 or in a shady corner in the open ground1 where they will be protected from the sun during the hottest part of the day4 ,keep the soil constantly moist2 a light mulch of sphagnum moss or lawn clippings will keep it in proper condition4 ,avoid wetting the foliage and as far as possible touching it4 ,the stems of both leaf and blossom are very brittle and the slightest blow may deprive one of a cherished blossom4 ,for this reason ,i like to grow them by themselves and use a mulch instead of cultivation4 ,so much of the beauty of the plant depends upon the perfection of the foliage that every effort should be made to preserve it4 ,in setting or potting ,gloxinias the crown of the bulb should be above the earth1 the soil should slope to the rim of the pot1 that no water may settle about the crown and rot it4 ,the plants may remain in the hotbed or other quarters until the approach of frost1 when they must be shifted into larger pots and given a position in an east window with plenty of light4 ,gloxinias1 if kept growing vigorously and shifted frequently1 should bloom the following season4 ,some florists advise resting the bulb the first winter1 but this1 ,i think1 is a mistake2 the plant has done nothing to require a rest1 nor has the bulb gained sufficient size to live without nourishment for any length of time1 so that drying off is likely to result disastrously4 ,after the ,gloxinia has completed its period of bloom water should be gradually withheld and the foliage allowed to ripen4 ,the bulbs may then be set away in their pots in a warm1 dry place1 until the following spring2 or1 if grown in hotbeds1 they may be dried off by withholding water until the foliage ripens1 when they may be lifted1 wrapped in cotton-wool or tissue-paper1 and stored in a dry1 fairly warm place during the winter4 ,heliotropes ,are more easily raised from seed than from cuttings1 which require special care4 ,several of the new varieties1 like ,lemoine's seedlings1 give exceptionally large and early flowers1 ranging in colour from pure white through all the shades of lavender1 purple1 and blue to deep indigo4 ,if wanted for winter blooming the seed may be sown any time during the spring1 but for bedding out it should be sown in ,february or ,march1 and the plants duly potted off and plunged in a box of sand in a warm1 sunny window1 or a hotbed1 until it is time to bed them out in the open ground4 ,the compost should contain a large proportion of leaf-mould--three-fourths mould and one-fourth loam and sharp sand4 ,the seeds of ,heliotrope must be kept merely moist1 never wet and never allowed to dry out1 or they will not sprout2 keeping the soil just on the verge of drying out1 yet never allowing it to do so1 is the whole secret of starting ,heliotrope from seeds4 ,it is best to sow the seed in moist soil to avoid the necessity of watering afterward1 as is done with other seeds2 if the soil is just wet enough to be crumbly1 neither wet nor sticky1 and can be kept so1 they will prosper4 ,cover the seed lightly with white sand and remove the glass if any appreciable moisture appears--anything more than a fine mist4 ,it germinates in from fifteen to twenty days1 and the plants require no special care beyond good soil1 warmth1 and plenty of sunshine with frequent waterings4 ,when grown as house-plants they should be showered once or twice a day to prevent the inroads of the red spider--their worst enemy4 ,there is no more desirable bedding plant than the ,heliotrope1 and the more freely it is cut by removing generous portions of stem with the blossom the more freely it will bloom4 ,it is admirable for replacing ,pansies and may be grown on in the hotbed until the ,pansy's day is past4 ,where there is not enough ,heliotrope for large bedding operations1 purple ,ageratum may be combined with the ,heliotrope with excellent effect2 this is a method often employed in the city parks1 and when judiciously done one scarcely notices that the beds are not all ,heliotrope4 ,plants may be taken up in the fall and cut back for winter blooming4 ,blossoms always form on the terminals of the branches4 ,lantanas ,are hard-wooded1 shrubby plants1 the leaves more or less rough and prickly4 ,the colours range from pure white through various shades of lemon to orange1 red1 a new bright scarlet1 and the rosy lavender of the ,weeping ,lantana4 ,the seed in its immature state is incased in a green pulp or berry1 changing to blue as it ripens1 and consists of a little nut with several kernels1 so that one is sometimes surprised with two or more plants from what seems to be a single seed4 ,the seed may be started in the house1 or in the hotbed early in the spring2 sowing in drills one-quarter of an inch deep4 ,it germinates in from twelve to fifteen days1 but soaking in warm water1 for a few hours before planting1 will hasten its appearance4 ,they require about the same treatment as ,geraniums1 but should be shifted oftener and given plenty of water4 ,as soon as the plants are four or five inches high transplant them to a tobacco pail1 or some large wooden receptacle containing a compost of muck1 loam1 and old manure1 or muck alone1 and place in full morning sunshine1 out of doors4 ,thus managed ,i have grown1 from seed sown in ,march1 plants that measured nine feet or more in circumference by ,september and were a mass of bloom all summer long1 the blossoms defying all efforts at counting4 ,grown in this way1 with an abundance of roots and top room1 rich soil1 sun1 and water1 no better ornament could be desired for the porch or steps2 but ,i do not think it a desirable plant for the house1 as the hot1 dry air causes it to drop its leaves1 and it is almost sure to be attacked by the red spider4 ,it is better to start fresh plants each spring and let them go when frost comes4 ,lantanas make fine hedgerows between house lots or for defining different portions of the grounds4 ,they should be planted in rich ground two and one-half feet apart4 ,the new ,weeping ,lantana is the most charming member of the family4 ,it is of much more slender growth than the rest and inclined to be pendulous1 or weeping4 ,its delightfully fragrant flowers are produced in round heads the size of a half-dollar at the axil of every leaf and show a lovely rosy-lilac hue4 ,if planted in the open ground the ,weeping ,lantana quickly covers a considerable area1 presenting a solid sheet of bloom throughout the summer4 ,it will bloom freely in the house if given a warm1 sunny window1 abundant room1 and showered daily to keep back the red spider1 or dipped occasionally in hot water for that purpose4 ,it must always have abundant root and top room and plenty of water4 ,petunias ,probably no common flower of the garden has been so improved during the last few years as the ,petunia4 ,the small-flowered variety of a few years ago with its straggly habit and narrow range of colour--chiefly white and faded magenta--is now superseded by magnificently fringed and ruffled beauties in a wealth of colour1 from purest white to glowing crimson1 and a velvety purple that is almost black1 with wonderfully veined and tinted throats and thick1 stocky stems4 ,it is difficult to realise that they are the same plants1 plus a few generations of good living and culture4 ,the double ,petunias are desirable for pots1 vases1 and bedding out1 but ,i do not think they compare with such strains as ,burpee's ,defiance1 the ,giants of ,california1 the ,ruffled ,giants1 and the ,miranda4 ,miranda1 for example1 is a rosy carmine merging into a brilliant scarlet in the throat--the nearest approach to a scarlet ,petunia yet produced4 ,the seed of double ,petunias will yield a fair proportion of double flowers4 ,the young plants of both the single and double varieties require great care at first1 being very sensitive to hot sun or cold air4 ,once established1 however1 they will stand a great deal of both--more1 indeed1 than almost any other flower of this class4 ,plant them in flats in the house in ,march by pressing the seed into the soil without covering2 keeping moist and warm until the seed germinates1 usually from eight to ten days4 ,when large enough to handle1 prick off into larger flats and set them in a warm north or east window4 ,when the leaves touch set them two or three inches apart each way in other flats and let them grow until it is time to place them in the open ground1 hardening them gradually by exposure to more sun and air each day1 and transplant with great care4 ,if intended to replace the ,pansies they may be set in the bed in ,june1 the ,pansies affording them protection until they have attained some size4 ,set each little seedling on the north-east side of a ,pansy plant1 and by the time the ,pansies have passed their zenith they will be ready to stand alone4 ,always remove poor or inferior plants in order that the highest standard may be maintained2 the finer varieties may be readily distinguished from the more common sorts by the stems and foliage2 the latter having thin stems and small leaves1 set rather far apart1 while the stems of the fine varieties are very stocky2 the leaves large1 more or less crinkly1 and set closely on the stem2 the buds thick and compact1 while those of the common type are long and thin4 ,petunias grow so rapidly that vacant places left by culling are soon filled4 ,the finest specimens may be lifted for winter flowering4 ,they will bloom freely in the house and often show a richer colour than when out of doors4 ,they need considerable root room--any crowding of the roots1 or starving of the plants being quickly shown in the deterioration of the flowers4 ,avoid chills and draughts4 ,give liquid manure and water freely1 but do not let the soil get wet or sour4 ,a little charcoal in the potting soil is an excellent corrective of this tendency4 ,always remove the flowers as they fade1 thus prolonging the blooming season and increasing the beauty and size of the blossom4 ,primroses ,require the same general treatment as other house-plants4 ,a good compost of leaf-mould1 loam1 and sand is best for the first few shiftings1 manure being added as the plants attain size4 ,repeated shifting hastens blooming1 while keeping the plants in small pots retards it4 ,when ready to bloom they should be fine1 large plants in five-or six-inch pots4 ,they should blossom in ,november and1 if well cared for1 they will flower from that time on until spring4 ,in potting the ,primrose care must be taken to have the crown of the plant slightly above the surface of the soil and the soil lowest at the edge of the pot1 that no water may settle around the crown and cause it to rot4 ,when the buds appear give the plants diluted liquid manure once a week4 ,as the leaves of ,primroses are easily injured they should be placed where they will be subjected to as little handling as possible4 ,window brackets make an ideal place for them1 as they can be turned and inspected without removal1 and the large velvety leaves1 drooping gracefully over the pot1 will develop perfectly4 ,injured or faded leaves should be removed at once4 ,a receptacle rather broad than deep gives opportunity for the best development4 ,a hanging-basket1 milk-crock with drainage hole1 or jardinire with outlet will answer4 ,sufficient root room is particularly necessary in the case of old plants1 as these have more divisions to the crown and therefore spread more4 ,primula obconica does better when grown in shallow dishes2 a dish four inches deep and eight wide is much better than the usual flower-pot4 ,illustration3 ,,injured ,,or ,,faded ,,leaves ,,should ,,be ,,removed ,,at ,,once ,florists start their ,primroses each year from seed1 but there is no reason why1 if one has a choice plant1 it should not be carried over to the second year1 when1 being larger1 it will give more flowers4 ,chapter ,,nine ,outside ,window-boxes ,the outside window-box is a thing of beauty if well cared for1 a disfigurement if neglected4 ,so greatly does it add to the cheerfulness and apparent size of the rooms under the windows of which it is placed that ,i should advise its use whenever practicable4 ,one of my pleasantest recollections is a window-box full of ,heliotrope under a sitting-room window1 filling the room so full of perfume that going into it in the early morning was like stepping into a garden of fragrance4 ,window-boxes do well in any window not shaded by porches1 and the plants best suited to the light may be selected4 ,many plants too tender to bed out in the open ground may be trusted to the window-box4 ,fuchsias1 ,ferns1 ,asparagus ,sprengeri1 ,a4 tenuissimus1 ,ageratums1 fancy-leaved ,caladiums1 and various tuberous-rooted ,begonias1 like the silver-spotted1 known as ,angel's ,wing1 are all lovely in the window-box4 ,rubra and most of the ,begonias do admirably in a north window4 ,for windows facing the street1 where effect is principally sought1 bright ,geraniums1 ,heliotropes1 ,coleus1 ,crotons1 and similar plants are preferable1 provided there is sufficient sunshine to bring out all their rich colouring4 ,the fancy-leaved ,caladiums may be used where bright effect is sought in a north window4 ,the boxes used for this purpose should be as ample as possible1 the full length of the window-casing outside and at least a foot wide and deep4 ,they should be made of inch boards1 closely fitted together so that the sides shall not warp and allow the water to run through too freely1 washing out and exhausting the soil4 ,a hole may be made in the bottom at one end1 and provided with a plug1 for the escape of surplus water during continued rains4 ,a piece of broken crock or other drainage must be placed over the hole on the inside of the box to prevent the earth working in and obstructing the free passage of water4 ,the hot air of summer will shrink the earth away from the sides of the box1 leaving a channel for the water to escape without properly soaking the soil2 but if the surface of the soil is kept open1 and the centre left a little lower than the sides1 this will be prevented4 ,a little experimenting will show just how much water is needed to wet the soil properly without letting it run away1 and this amount should be used daily during dry weather4 ,only as many plants as will do well in the limited space of four square feet should be planted in the window-boxes4 ,five erect plants and three vines are enough for a box of that size1 and even these may need attention before the season is over1 especially if in south or west windows4 ,north or east boxes will1 usually1 keep their contents fresh until frost2 but a west or south light makes great demands upon the vitality of plants confined within the limited area1 and it is a good plan to leave ,geraniums and similar flowers in their pots1 that they may be easily exchanged for others when they grow shabby1 cutting back and repotting the old ones for winter blooming if removed not later than ,august4 ,a better plan is to have two boxes2 starting one in the house in ,march1 that it may be ready to place as soon as danger of frost is past2 and the second in ,june1 that it may be ready to replace the first when needed4 ,for the latter the vines started in the house1 or hotbed1 in ,april will be available4 ,maurandya1 ,thunbergia1 and the like1 and many flowers from seed will have reached sufficient size to be used for the second box4 ,plants that have been carried over from another season1 or purchased from the florist1 will be necessary for the first boxes4 ,there is no more beautiful vine for a window-box than the ,maurandya2 it drapes more gracefully than any other vine ,i know 7unless it be the ,wild ,cucumber1 which attaches itself to the window-screen in wreaths of exuberant bloom1 drooping far below the window-box1 and making a lovely background for scarlet ,geraniums74 ,its only fault is that it will grow shabby before the season is over1 when it had better be pulled up and replaced by a fresher vine that has been grown in a pot for the purpose and can be slipped into place without checking its growth4 ,illustration3 ,,outside ,,window-,,boxes ,perhaps no plant is more satisfactory for a south or west window-box than a good ,geranium--either the dark1 rich vermilion of the ,s4 ,a4 ,nutt1 or the vivid scarlet of the ,bruant4 ,both of these appear to better advantage when contrasted with white flowers4 ,camphor ,geranium is excellent1 being a freer bloomer than other white ,geraniums1 and the ,giant ,white ,antirrhinum is especially vivid4 ,double white ,petunias and white ,phlox ,drummondi are also good4 ,purple ,ageratums and ,heliotrope are charming with scarlet and white4 ,the large-flowered ,ivy ,geraniums--,souvenir de ,charles ,turner--are the best1 and do finely in east and west window-boxes1 while the variegated variety makes a lovely mass of pendent foliage for an east or north box4 ,trailing ,fuchsia1 ,japanese ,morning-glory1 ,glechoma1 and ,wild ,cucumber all do well on the north side of the house4 ,the following combinations may all be depended upon to give satisfactory results3 ,southern ,exposure4 ,no4 #a4 ,bruant ,geranium ,white ,antirrhinum4 ,s4 ,a4 ,nutt ,geranium 7scarlet74 7cardinal74 ,heliotrope4 ,heliotrope4 ,white ,maurandya4 ,white ,maurandya4 ,no4 #b4 ,jean ,viaud ,geranium ,mrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,garr4 ,jean ,viaud 7pink74 7pink74 ,dwarf blue ,ageratum4 ,dwarf blue ,ageratum4 ,nepeta ,glechoma4 ,souv4 de ,charles ,turner4 ,nepeta ,glechoma4 ,no4 #c4 ,beaute ,poitevine ,ger4 ,white ,verbena4 ,madame ,charlotte ,ger4 7salmon74 7salmon74 ,weeping ,lantana4 ,var4 ,ivy ,ger4 ,joan of ,arc4 ,ivy ,ger4 ,joan of ,arc4 ,no4 #d4 ,dark ,crotons4 ,dark ,crotons4 ,dark ,crotons4 ,light ,crotons4 ,light ,crotons4 ,adlumia4 ,lotus ,peliorhynchus4 ,adlumia4 ,no4 #e4 ,light ,crotons4 ,light ,crotons4 ,light ,crotons4 ,dark ,coleus4 ,dark ,coleus4 ,trailing ,abutilons4 ,trailing ,abutilons4 ,trailing ,abutilons4 ,no4 #f4 ,east ,window-box4 ,scarlet ,tuberous ,begonia4 ,white do4 ,scarlet ,tuberous ,begonia4 ,white ,tuberous ,begonia4 ,white ,tuberous ,begonia4 ,white ,thunbergia4 ,scarlet ,nasturtium4 ,white ,thunbergia4 ,no4 #g4 ,pink ,justicia4 ,pink ,justicia4 ,pink ,justicia4 ,heliotrope4 ,heliotrope4 ,white ,maurandya4 ,solanum ,jasminoides4 ,white ,maurandya4 ,no4 #h4 ,yellow ,tuberous ,begonia4 ,yellow ,tuberous ,begonia4 ,yellow ,tuberous ,begonia4 ,white ,tuberous ,begonia4 ,white ,tuberous ,begonia4 ,yellow ,thunbergia4 ,yellow ,thunbergia4 ,no4 #i4 ,pink ,double ,petunia4 ,white ,antirrhinum4 ,pink ,double ,petunia4 ,wild ,cucumber4 ,no4 #aj4 ,heliotrope4 ,heliotrope4 ,heliotrope4 ,duke ,zeppelin ,begonia4 ,duke ,zeppelin ,begonia4 ,solanum ,jasminoides4 ,solanum ,jasminoides4 ,manettia ,vine4 ,no4 #aa4 ,north ,window-box4 ,fancy ,caladiums ,fancy ,caladiums ,fancy ,caladiums 7dark74 7dark74 7dark74 ,fancy ,caladiums 7light74 ,fancy ,caladiums 7light74 ,vinca ,var4 ,vinca ,var4 ,trailing ,fuchsia4 ,maurandya4 ,trailing ,fuchsia4 ,no4 #ab4 ,fuchsia ,phenomenal4 ,begonia ,angel's ,wing4 ,fuchsia ,phenomenal4 ,dwarf ,ageratum4 ,dwarf ,ageratum4 ,ivy ,geranium4 ,trailing ,fuchsia4 ,ivy ,geranium4 ,no4 #ac4 ,rubra ,begonia4 ,asparagus ,tenuissimus4 ,begonia ,velutina4 ,farfugium4 ,feastii ,begonia4 ,variegated ,vinca4 ,manettia ,vine4 ,variegated ,vinca4 ,no4 #ad4 ,asparagus ,sprengeri4 ,boston ,fern4 ,asparagus ,sprengeri4 ,russellia ,grandis4 ,cissus ,discolour4 ,russellia ,grandis4 ,nasturtiums make an attractive window-box1 but need abundant root room1 and not more than three plants should be put in a box having three other erect plants4 ,morning-glories1 on the contrary1 require but little room1 and one may be put in each end of a north window-box and trained over the window4 ,if strings are provided they will reach the roof by midsummer1 blooming every step of the way2 other vines may be grown in the front of the box4 ,the ,centrosema--when it can be persuaded to grow--is a charming vine for a north or east window1 but it is a very shy plant1 hard to get started1 and refusing to grow in an uncongenial situation1 though quite hardy when once established4 ,illustration3 ,,boxes ,,in ,,which ,,scythes ,,are ,,packed ,,make ,,very ,,good ,,window-,,boxes ,illustration3 ,,hanging-,,baskets ,,for ,,windows ,the best support for the window-box is the wooden bracket made by nailing to the side of the house1 thirteen inches below the window-sill1 a strip of inch stuff the length of the window-frame and three or four inches wide2 on top of this and at right angles to it nail three similar strips of wood one foot long1 the outer ends resting on strips of wood attached to the sill of the house2 these last strips must have the ends bevelled sufficiently to fit snugly against the baseboards and the bottom of the horizontal pieces and be securely nailed together4 ,if the measurements are carefully taken the box will slip into place1 on the supports1 just under the window-sill4 ,paint boxes and supports to match the house4 ,window-boxes may be kept in the cellar through the winter1 or emptied1 dried and stored in a dry place1 according to their contents4 ,always empty and thoroughly scald the boxes before using4 ,in stocking window-boxes never put plants received by mail directly into them2 they should be ordered early enough to pot and become established 7the pots full of roots7 by the time they are needed for the window-boxes1 when they may be slipped into place without disturbing the roots or checking their growth4 ,placed at once in the boxes1 in a sunny position1 they would probably be lost4 ,very fair window-boxes may be obtained at trifling expense by using the boxes in which grass scythes are packed1 which may be purchased at the hardware store for five or ten cents apiece4 ,these are not as wide nor as deep as one could wish1 but have the advantage of cheapness and availability4 ,preference should be given to those having close seams4 ,if warped or open they must be tightened by driving in extra nails1 or nailing thin strips of wood over the cracks on the inside4 ,the longevity of the window-box is greatly lengthened by keeping the windows above them--especially on the south and west sides of the house--open as much of the time as possible4 ,if the sun beats on the glass of the closed window and is reflected on the plants1 it is literally confining them between two fires and they cannot be expected to come through uninjured4 ,let the wind sweep through and over them and they will stand any reasonable amount of heat or moisture4 ,this is the reason plants do better in the open than when placed against the side of a wall or building--the air must not only have free access1 but pass beyond1 carrying off noxious vapours and excess of moisture4 ,when there is garden room for their cultivation ,i do not approve of growing annuals in window-boxes2 it is better to reserve these for choice plants2 but when the window-box must be the only garden1 and economy must be studied1 very pretty boxes may be arranged with ,sweet ,alyssum2 scarlet1 white1 or pink ,phlox ,drummondi2 scarlet1 pink1 or white ,verbenas2 the various coloured ,antirrhinums1 ,petunias1 ,nasturtiums1 the blue ,phacelia and ,ageratums1 ,wild ,cucumber1 the finer foliaged fancy gourds1 as ,bryonopsis ,coccinea ,indica1 and ,abobra viridiflora4 ,by using the scythe boxes1 and starting the plants from seed1 very pretty boxes may be gotten up for from thirty-five to fifty cents a pair that will give as much pleasure as more expensive ones4 ,the more flowers are cut from these boxes of annuals the more freely they will bloom1 and no seeds should be allowed to form4 ,a little liquid manure should be given all window-boxes--except those containing ,begonias--once a week during the summer1 and all withered flowers and leaves promptly removed4 ,nip back weak1 straggly growths and encourage the plants to grow stocky and the vines to branch freely4 ,chapter ,,ten ,various ,annuals from ,seed ,antirrhinums 7,snapdragon71 of late much interest has been shown in the newer forms of this old-time favourite1 and some fine new varieties have become popular for cut flowers4 ,the ,giant ,white and ,queen of the ,north are most desirable for cut flowers1 window-boxes1 and vases2 while ,niobe--a beautiful half-dwarf variety of velvety maroon with white throat1 ,giant ,yellow1 ,giant ,crimson1 and ,firefly--a bright scarlet--are excellent for bedding4 ,seed should be started early in hotbed or flats4 ,merely press it into the soil and cover with a paper until the plants appear1 which should be in from eight to ten days4 ,transplant into rich soil where the plants are to remain1 setting one foot apart each way4 ,they are effective in rows with some taller plant1 or vine1 for a background4 ,the tall1 showy spikes are most striking against a background of green4 ,the ,antirrhinum is a half-hardy perennial1 blooming the first season if seed is started early enough1 and hardy at the ,north with good protection in winter4 ,if a succession of flowers is desired1 no seed should be allowed to form4 ,protect in winter with a mulch of leaves1 evergreen boughs1 or corn-stalks1 as high--or higher--than the plants1 or they may be pegged down and covered with evergreen boughs1 or boards to shed the rain4 ,thus protected they will live through the winter and bloom heavily the following summer4 ,occasionally in favoured locations they will live through the winter unprotected1 but this cannot be depended upon4 ,antirrhinums are not particular as to soil or situation1 provided they have plenty of water2 rich loam or half loam and half leaf-mould suiting them equally well1 and any exposure that affords a fair amount of sunshine4 ,asters have come to be a recognised necessity of the fall garden1 and there has been marked improvement in varieties during the past few years4 ,starting with the old-fashioned ,aster of medium size and inferior colour1 showing a marked yellow centre1 the aim of the ,aster specialist has been to eliminate the centre1 enlarge the flower1 and improve the colour and texture of the petal4 ,results are shown in such varieties as the ,giant ,white ,comet1 the ,bride1 the ,japanese ,tassel ,aster1 ,chrysanthemum ,flowered1 ,peony1 ,perfection1 and the wonderful ,ostrich ,feather4 ,with such an embarrassment of riches it is difficult to declare any one variety the finest1 but for cut flowers and corsage wear nothing can excel the ,chrysanthemum ,flowered in white and pink4 ,the lasting quality of the flowers when cut is quite phenomenal4 ,i have known them to keep fresh and sightly in water for a month1 until the stems had entirely rotted away1 leaving the flower uninjured4 ,in arranging them for vases remove all leaves below the top of the vase1 leaving clean stems1 which should be thoroughly cleansed daily1 and the ends clipped4 ,a teaspoonful of charcoal added to the water in the vase will keep it sweet and retard decay4 ,early planting of ,asters is to be strongly recommended1 as the early plants are not subject to the dreaded ,aster disease or to attacks of the black beetle1 which often destroy all the flowers of a late bed in a single day4 ,a teaspoonful of ,paris green in the watering-pot1 sprinkled on at night or very early in the morning1 will usually rid the plants of their unwelcome guests1 or they may be brushed off into a pan of water containing a small quantity of kerosene--which is fatal to them4 ,they are sluggish1 especially in the early morning1 dropping to the ground when touched1 and easily killed4 ,the point is to take them in time1 and the appearance of the first beetle should be the signal for active operations4 ,for early flowers the seed may be planted in the hotbed1 flats1 or cold-frame in ,march or ,april1 covering an eighth of an inch deep and keeping rather cool4 ,they germinate in from five to seven days1 and when the plants have attained their second pair of true leaves they should be transplanted1 setting an inch or two apart in the flats or bed4 ,transplant again when the leaves close up the gaps between them1 setting three or four inches apart according to their growth4 ,if possible1 transplant a third time1 as this frequent moving serves to produce a great quantity of feeding roots1 at the same time checking the top growth and making a stocky plant with stiff stems4 ,transplant when the weather is favourable into a well-prepared bed of sandy loam enriched with old manure1 or a bed of woods earth4 ,set a foot apart each way1 except in the case of the branching ,asters1 which should be at least two feet apart4 ,sprinkle ashes freely1 and as long as there is room to work between the rows cultivate once or twice a week4 ,they may then be mulched with lawn clippings to keep down the weeds for the rest of the season4 ,if they are planted in woods earth they will need only such cultivation as is necessary to keep down the weeds4 ,do not let them suffer for water at any period of their growth1 and remove all flowers as they fade4 ,ageratums 7,floss ,flower7 are almost indispensable for edgings1 window-boxes1 vases1 and for filling out beds of ,heliotrope4 ,the dwarf or ,tom ,thumb are the most desirable for edgings4 ,princess ,caroline1 ,swanley ,blue1 and ,little ,dorrit are the best of this class in the blue or lavender shades4 ,the white does not show a good1 clear colour under a hot sun1 and is therefore not desirable4 ,for early plants sow in flats or in the hotbed early in spring4 ,later seed may be sown in the open ground when the trees are in bloom1 and transplanted when large enough4 ,sow broadcast1 covering the seed lightly and pressing it into the soil4 ,they germinate in from three to five days1 and may be grown on until time to transplant into permanent quarters4 ,though they may start somewhat spindly1 they quickly regain their dwarf and stocky character in the open ground4 ,set plants from eight to ten inches apart in the row4 ,if the flower heads are removed as fast as they fade plants will bloom from early ,june until cut down by frost4 ,balsams 7,lady ,slipper71 like ,asters1 are greatly benefited by frequent transplanting1 and one at least they must have4 ,start seed early in the hotbed or flats1 or later1 when the trees are in bloom1 in protected beds in the open ground4 ,transplant at least once in the seed-beds2 twice1 if possible4 ,when danger of frost is past remove to beds of muck or marsh earth1 setting from twelve to fifteen inches apart each way4 ,given plenty of room1 the ,balsam branches freely1 and one well-developed specimen will give more and finer flowers than a half-dozen cramped specimens4 ,in purchasing select the camellia-flowered varieties1 as it does not pay to waste time with inferior kinds4 ,really fine ,balsams are well worth cultivating1 and are very effective in rows in front of taller plants4 ,the double white and shell pink are valuable for floral designs for funerals and for other decorative work4 ,probably no flower that has come into vogue of late years has won more popularity than the ,cosmos--certainly for cut flowers nothing can surpass it in graceful beauty4 ,the large pink and white ,hibiscus1 with a generous handful of long-stemmed pink1 crimson1 and white ,cosmos1 makes an ideal bouquet for a high glass vase4 ,placed in front of a large mirror the effect in form and colour is hardly surpassed by the choicest exotics4 ,the graceful1 fern-like foliage adds greatly to the beauty of a well-grown clump in the garden or lawn4 ,they are at their best when seen against a background of darker green1 a shower of crimson1 pink1 and white4 ,only the early flowering varieties should be grown at the ,north1 as the seasons are much too short for the giant or ,california varieties2 though if one has room for both1 the ,california may be grown as a background for the dwarf early flowering1 as the foliage is much superior and the late flowers very fine4 ,if started very early in flats in the house1 pricked1 out into pots1 shifted and grown on until time to set in the open ground1 the season of bloom will be much advanced4 ,set out in rich garden soil and supply abundantly with water4 ,strong stakes must be provided1 as the plants are very brittle at the joints1 and a storm may do great damage if they are unsupported4 ,an excellent way of growing them is to plant them in front of a wire fence or chicken netting on the side toward the prevailing wind1 that they may be blown against1 rather than away from their support1 and the stalks and main branches tied to the wires with raphia1 wool twine1 or strips of cloth2 thus protected there will be little danger of their being injured by rough winds4 ,if an occasional seed is allowed to form and self-sow there will come up very sturdy little plants the following spring1 but fresh seed should be purchased every other year to insure against deterioration in size of blossom and quantity of bloom4 ,columbine 7the ,aquilegia7 seed may be sown in the open ground in the ,north when the trees are in leaf1 or any time after ,may #ajth4 ,cover the seed-bed with a newspaper and keep moist until the plants are up1 in ten to twelve days4 ,transplant when large enough to handle into fresh rows or1 when they have attained sufficient size1 into their permanent quarters4 ,planted in a row where they will have a background of green the effect is beautiful4 ,one of the prettiest beds ,i remember was of mixed ,columbine--pure white1 rose1 and lavender--in front of an old grey building1 on which grew a delicate vine in its first tender spring green4 ,they had been moved the fall before from a bed where they attracted no particular attention1 but in their new quarters they awoke to find themselves famous4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,,small ,,water ,,gardens ,dahlias are so easily raised from seed that it hardly seems worth while to bother with the tubers1 unless one has exceptionally favourable conditions for storing them4 ,plants grown from seed1 started early in the house or hotbed1 will come into bloom quite as soon as those grown from tubers4 ,plant the seed in drills two inches apart1 dropping an inch or more apart in the drills1 and cover with one-eighth to one-fourth inch of earth4 ,the seed germinates in from five to seven days1 and the little plants are quite robust from the start1 though sensitive to cold and drought4 ,when all danger of frost is past and the nights are warm transplant the ,dahlias into beds of mellow soil heavily enriched with manure4 ,set three feet apart each way and cultivate thoroughly as long as there is room to work between the rows4 ,then mulch heavily with rough manure covered with lawn clippings4 ,water copiously during dry weather1 showering the tops at night to counteract the effect of the dry air on the buds4 ,save waste water from kitchen and bath1 and apply to their roots4 ,this affords nourishment as well as moisture4 ,when two feet high tie carefully to tall1 stout stakes1 which1 to avoid injury to the tubers1 would better be placed when the plants are set4 ,sprinkle soot and ashes between the plants and cultivate it in4 ,the finest flowers are produced by protecting with an awning of thin cotton cloth after the buds are fully grown--though this would only be desirable in the case of exhibition flowers4 ,when several buds appear in one place remove all but the largest1 as the difference in size will more than repay for the loss in number1 besides there is danger of all blasting if allowed to remain4 ,if worms or beetles appear on the buds they should be sprayed with ,paris-green solution--one teaspoonful of ,paris green to three gallons of water4 ,should the borer--that pest of the ,dahlia1 ,aster1 and ,cosmos--appear1 pour the ,paris-green mixture around the roots1 soaking the soil to the depth of three or four inches4 ,examine the stock of the plant near the ground for the hole made by the borer4 ,when found run a flexible wire up the stalk to destroy the worm and prevent further damage1 and heap the earth above the wound4 ,if brought up to a point above the wound1 and kept moist1 new roots will start1 thus insuring the recovery of the plant4 ,if one has previously been troubled with this worm it will be well to anticipate matters1 and1 commencing when the plants are a foot high1 apply once a week a weak ,paris-green solution2 continue this until the plant is grown and the wood hardened near the ground4 ,the fine mixed double ,dahlias1 the ,cactus and the magnificent single varieties1 are all desirable for cut flowers and effective in garden rows2 but for corsage wear the last are best4 ,it would be difficult to find a flower more beautiful than a vivid-coloured single ,dahlia4 ,for the rockwork try ,english ,daisies--pink1 white1 crimson1 and striped4 ,they do admirably in such a situation1 digging their toes in between the stones1 finding cool1 moist spots1 and holding their heads up in the hot sunshine4 ,start the seeds where they are to remain1 or in a flat or cold-frame4 ,the little plants appear in from five to seven days1 and will need shade and moisture until they have become established4 ,for beds that lie in partial shade they make beautiful borders1 forming little rosettes of leaves that in the fall may be taken up and divided by pulling apart into as many plants are there are crowns2 in this way one will1 in a short time1 secure a large bed or border4 ,they should be protected in winter by a mulch of rough stable litter1 evergreen boughs1 or corn-stalks1 and the bed raised to shed water4 ,the ,hibiscus 7,marshmallow7 is a perennial deserving much more general cultivation4 ,even to flower lovers it seems quite unknown1 and yet it is cheaply and easily raised from seed1 and one of the hardiest of our garden perennials4 ,there are three varieties hardy in the ,north--an immense pure white blossom with a velvety crimson eye1 a pale pink or flesh colour1 and a lovely bright pink4 ,these three are hardy in the open ground without protection1 but they will be stronger plants and bloom more freely if protected with a little rough litter and hilled to shed water4 ,there are several that may be treated as hardy annuals1 and various tender perennials that must be kept in the house or greenhouse during winter4 ,among the first are ,africanus1 a large cream-coloured1 brown-eyed variety2 it is low-growing and effective in front of the tall1 crimson-eyed sort1 which with age attains a height of six or more feet4 ,giant ,yellow is a beautiful canary yellow with crimson throat1 hardy as far north as ,st4 ,louis1 but safer in the cellar above that latitude1 and ,coccinea1 a tender perennial of a brilliant crimson4 ,if started early all will give flowers the first season from seed1 which may be sown in hotbeds or flats in ,february or ,march in drills one-fourth inch deep4 ,they germinate in from five to seven days4 ,plant out in good garden soil at corn-planting time1 setting the hardy varieties where they are to remain1 as they do not bear transplanting well when they have attained any considerable size4 ,cultivate during the hot weather or mulch4 ,a two-quart tin can1 with holes on one side near the bottom1 may be sunk in the ground and filled with water4 ,this with the mulch will keep the earth cool and moist during the hottest weather4 ,the plant is an herbaceous perennial1 dying down to the ground in winter and coming up from the roots the following spring--rather late in ,may4 ,plants increase in size and beauty each year1 and a five-or six-years clump is superb4 ,illustration3 ,,cool1 ,,moist ,,spots ,,between ,,stones ,cut off the stalks a few inches above the ground when killed by frost1 but do not attempt to break them off or pull them up1 as that will injure the crown of the large1 fleshy roots and cause decay during the winter4 ,the remainder of the stalk serves to mark the location of the plant4 ,when they have grown to blooming size they should be tied to stout stakes4 ,the large clumps have a tendency to spread at the roots1 and a severe rain and wind storm may lay them prostrate4 ,make a support of two or three wooden hoops nailed to two or more stout stakes1 the top hoop standing three feet above the ground4 ,place this over the plants in the spring and train them to grow up through the hoops4 ,for effective grouping1 to fill in a corner1 to serve as a screen to unsightly objects1 to catch the eye and carry it on from point to point1 there is no finer flower than the ,hollyhock4 ,the double flowers1 of course1 are more attractive at close range1 but at a distance the single are rather more effective4 ,everyone who grows plants should find at least one corner for a big clump of this gorgeous flower4 ,the seeds should be sown in the spring1 either where they are to remain or in a cold-frame2 the location matters little so that favourable conditions of the soil are secured4 ,plants started after the seed ripens in the summer1 even when protected by a cold-frame1 do not make sufficient growth to endure a very severe winter4 ,the new ,alleghany ,hollyhocks are hardier1 and a fair proportion of plants from ,august-sown seeds may be expected to survive the winter4 ,when the plants run up their blossom stalks the second season they must be securely staked to prevent injury by high winds4 ,if the borer appears apply the ,paris-green solution about the roots4 ,the ,hollyhock is subject to attack very early in the season by a variety of red spider which feeds on out-of-door plants4 ,the ,paris-green solution may be used for this1 or a kerosene emulsion1 or the plants may simply be showered with hot water at about #ade4 ,the remedy should be applied promptly4 ,the ,hollyhock blight is a fungous disease of a most destructive nature4 ,its ravages almost drove the ,hollyhock out of our gardens some years ago4 ,infected plants should be burned4 ,though hardy the second year1 they should be hilled up sufficiently to shed water and given a shelter of corn fodder or evergreen boughs during the winter4 ,when the trees are in bloom ,nasturtiums may be planted in the open ground where they are to remain4 ,they should have fairly rich soil and a sunny situation1 as they will not bloom well in the shade4 ,the dwarf varieties make very attractive borders for ,canna beds1 the colour and texture of the foliage harmonising better with the ,canna than that of the ,coleus and many other plants commonly employed1 while the brightness of the blossoms makes a very attractive whole4 ,the tall varieties make effective beds when pegged down1 as the plants root wherever they touch the ground and send up flower shoots4 ,usually1 however1 they are grown on strings or trellises4 ,the latter is a troublesome method1 as they must be fastened to their support with strings4 ,they are not climbers1 but trailers1 and have no tendrils or other means of attaching themselves to their support4 ,the finest bed of ,nasturtiums ,i have seen is an elevated one built around a pipe which brings water from a distance4 ,some of the water--not much--reaches them1 and they are given little1 if any1 attention1 but in their elevated bed they grow luxuriantly1 trailing over the sides of the ground and showing a brilliant mass of flowers until cut down by frost4 ,usually the ,nasturtium receives too much water1 and produces quantities of rank1 lush foliage instead of flowers4 ,the new ,nasturtium1 ,sunlight1 is one of the finest varieties brought out in years--a pure1 clear1 golden yellow without any markings and of fine size4 ,its companion1 ,moonlight1 is a pale cream1 almost white1 showing wine-coloured markings in the throat4 ,for mixed varieties the hybrids of ,madame ,gunther are the most desirable1 and the new ,chameleon shows a variety of different coloured flowers on the same stem4 ,the ,pansy ,bed ,to obtain the best results seed should be sown by the middle of ,august1 using fresh seed of the year if procurable4 ,rather than delay planting1 however1 it is better to risk the lessened vitality of last year's seed--sowing somewhat more generously as an offset4 ,sow as thinly as possible in the cold-frame or a spent hotbed1 in drills two inches apart1 drawing the earth from the sides of the drills and pressing it down with the board4 ,the drills should run lengthwise of the bed from east to west1 and each variety should be distinctly labelled with name and date of sowing4 ,after sowing water well with the rubber sprinkler1 cover with newspapers1 and protect the bed with lath screens4 ,pansy seed germinates in from eight to ten days4 ,when the plants have their second leaves thin out by setting some between the rows1 and encourage growth by giving sunshine and water as needed and liquid manure once a month4 ,the aim should be to get a sturdy rather than a quick growth to fit them for the winter4 ,the soil in the frame should stand well above the soil outside1 and a trench or hole1 filled with stone or broken crockery1 should be made in one corner1 corresponding to the lowest level of the earth outside1 to carry off any surplus moisture that may gather in the bed4 ,when cold weather comes place the sash in position and1 if it remains steadily cold--below freezing--leave the bed undisturbed until spring4 ,the best results usually follow such a condition4 ,if the winter is an open one1 and the ground free from frost much of the time1 the ,pansies may be exposed to the sun and1 on mild days1 to the air4 ,in this way considerable winter growth will be secured4 ,should the temperature fall sufficiently to freeze the ground inside the frame1 the sash should remain closed and be protected with mattings1 old carpet1 or the like1 and the plants allowed to thaw out in the dark4 ,never expose to the sun when frozen1 but thaw out under cover4 ,as soon as the ground can be worked in the spring prepare a bed in an open1 sunny situation by removing the soil to a depth of six or eight inches and spading in a generous amount of old1 well-rotted cow manure--a wheel-barrow load to every fifteen square feet is not too much if it is old and thoroughly spaded into the soil4 ,replace the surface soil1 or1 better still1 fill up the beds with leaf-mould or earth from the compost heap4 ,instead of the cow manure1 old1 well-rotted hen manure and chip dirt in equal quantities1 with a liberal sprinkling of soot1 may be substituted4 ,dig it well into the subsoil and cover with fine loam or leaf-mould1 raking this fine and even and free from stones4 ,leave it to settle for a few days and then transplant the ,pansies1 setting them nine inches apart each way4 ,where several strains of ,pansies are grown it is an advantage to plant each variety by itself1 marking the line of separation by two or more rows of some distinct colour2 such as pure white1 clear yellow1 or black4 ,this enables one to compare the varieties at a glance and form a better estimate of their qualities than would be possible in a mixed bed4 ,during hot1 dry weather the ,pansy bed should be watered twice a day--at night and at noon4 ,watering the garden in the middle of the day may seem a reckless innovation to many1 especially to the professional gardener1 but years of experience have taught me the value of giving a plant water when it most needs it--and that is when it is parched with heat4 ,of course all plants will not stand water under a hot sun1 but ,pansies are not injured by it in any way4 ,pansies do not send their roots as deeply into the ground as most plants1 but make many surface roots 7hence we place the fertilisers well below the surface to induce a deeper growth71 which even a temporary drying out of the top-soil will injure4 ,a good soaking of the soil at night will last until ten or eleven o'clock the next day1 according to exposure1 and if another good wetting is then given with water fresh from the hydrant or well it will remain cool and moist throughout the twenty-four hours4 ,the rapid evaporation caused by the hot sun will create a moist atmosphere around the plants1 producing much finer flowers than would be possible in the dry air resulting from withholding water until night4 ,always plant ,pansies in an open1 airy situation1 where the wind can have full sweep over them4 ,there is no more mistaken idea than that ,pansies should be grown in the shade4 ,the aim should be to get stocky1 upright plants with the flowers borne well above the foliage on stiff stems4 ,this is impossible when plants are grown in the shade1 where long1 straggly branches will invariably be produced1 with flowers at the extreme end4 ,then1 too1 plants grown by the side of the house1 or in protected positions1 where the wind cannot sweep over them1 are much more liable to disease than plants grown in the open4 ,illustration3 ,,dusting ,,with ,,sulphur ,illustration3 ,,spraying ,,with ,,bordeaux ,,mixture ,fungoid disease and mildew often attack the ,pansy in hot1 muggy weather4 ,the remedy for the former is to spray with the ,bordeaux mixture1 and for the latter to dust with sulphur4 ,it will be better still--if the disease appear in ,august1 as is usual--to remove all the old growth1 cutting or breaking it off close to the crown1 care being taken not to injure the tender new shoots1 which will have started by this time4 ,burn the old tops4 ,the new growth1 being open to the air1 will probably be free from disease1 and will quickly fill the bed1 giving an abundance of fine flowers throughout the cool days of fall4 ,from a bed so treated ,i gathered five hundred blossoms the day before ,thanksgiving with no apparent diminution of bloom4 ,after removing the old growth the earth between the plants should be thoroughly cleaned and worked over with the trowel4 ,from the blooming of the first ,pansy until frost the bed must be gone over every day and all faded flowers removed4 ,this is absolutely necessary to insure free blooming4 ,the formation of a single pod of seed lessens the blooming capacity of the plant and reduces the size of succeeding flowers4 ,to maintain a high standard it is best to purchase fresh seed each year1 buying the best to be obtained4 ,special mixtures sent out by the leading florists are made up of the best strains of the ,pansy specialists in this country and ,europe4 ,one must not expect to purchase these collections for the price of ordinary seed1 from twenty-five cents to fifty cents being the usual range of price4 ,a packet of such fine strains as ,giant ,cassier and ,giant ,trimardeau should be included2 and such special colours as may be wanted in larger quantities than the mixed packages furnish4 ,snow ,queen is the best pure white1 and the bed should contain a liberal number of these plants4 ,aurora is considerably larger than the ,snow ,queen1 but shows purple markings in the centre1 and is not so fine in shape and texture4 ,with the exception of size1 ,snow ,queen is an ideal ,pansy4 ,if it is desired to carry the ,pansy bed through the winter it may be done by using pieces of board1 half a yard long1 with notches cut in one end and the other end pointed4 ,put these through the centre of the bed a few feet apart1 hammering the sharp end into the ground4 ,place long poles lengthwise of the bed1 resting them on the notches4 ,this forms a support on which the evergreen boughs1 corn fodder1 boards1 bark1 or anything that will shed water and protect from sun and wind4 ,leaves and litter are not suitable protection for ,pansies1 as they settle around the plants1 freezing and causing them to decay4 ,illustration3 ,,sow ,,poppies ,,in ,,the ,,perennial ,,border ,,among ,,the ,,late ,,flowering ,,plants ,when there is a large garden to be cared for it is not always expedient to carry the ,pansy bed through the summer1 as the daily labour of removing the withered flowers is very great4 ,in that case it will be better to let the ,pansies go when hot weather reduces the size and quantity of the flowers1 replacing them with plants grown for the purpose1 ,petunias1 bedding ,begonias1 ,heliotropes1 and the like4 ,sow ,poppy seed freely wherever there is a corner to spare1 especially if it is a corner that would otherwise be neglected and grow up to weeds4 ,it is surprising how many places may be found to sow them4 ,a barren angle of a fence1 a vacant strip behind or at the side of some outbuilding1 an exposed spot among trees where nothing else will grow1 a foot of ground here and there1 in the perennial border and among late flowering plants1 where the ,poppies will have danced through their brief season of bloom and passed on before the former have discovered that they need the room4 ,use all these odds and ends of room1 but1 if possible1 have a long1 narrow bed of them--single and double1 the deep blood red1 the gorgeous scarlet1 the wonderful ,shirleys1 whose delicate cups like crinkled silk seem to flush and pale with the tremulous colour of an opal as you look at them4 ,plant ,eschscholtzias as a border1 but sow ,iceland and the ,oriental ,poppies1 which are hardy perennials1 by themselves2 otherwise they are easily destroyed in the clearing-up time which comes after blossoming4 ,there is a fine yellow ,poppy1 ,hunnemannia fumarifolia1 which should not be overlooked4 ,poppy seed sown in ,august gives richer coloured flowers than spring-sown seed4 ,seeds of ,eschscholtzia and ,hunnemannia should always be sown in ,may4 ,sow broadcast as thinly as possible on soil that has been worked mellow and fine1 pressing it into the ground with a board4 ,as it is difficult to sow the seed thinly enough it is a good plan to mix it with fine sand--a teaspoonful or less of seed to a teacup of sand--and scatter that as thinly as possible4 ,it will1 even then1 be found that the plants will come up too thickly and will need to be thinned to stand a foot apart each way4 ,poppies grown too closely will throw up one or two slender stems with only a few blossoms1 while1 given plenty of room1 they will branch freely1 producing dozens of flowers and remaining in bloom for weeks4 ,mark the finest blossoms on the plant from which you wish to save seed1 removing all others as they fade1 that they may not self-sow or check the bloom4 ,if self-sown they are apt to come up so quickly as to be troublesome4 ,pull up the plants as soon as they have done blooming to add to the compost heap1 and prepare the ground1 if not needed for other plants1 for the fresh seed4 ,when there is sufficient shade to grow them the blue of ,myosotis and of ,anchusa capensis is lovely among the ,poppies4 ,phlox ,drummondi ,try a border of the dwarf ,phlox ,drummondi1 sown to make a colour scheme4 ,set six to eight inches apart1 in the form of scallops1 the point coming between every other plant of the tall1 perennial ,phlox4 ,make the rows two or three plants wide at the centre1 narrowing to a single plant at the point1 using scarlet or pink1 and filling in the space between the scallops and the straight edge of the bed with solid white4 ,or a double scallop1 one beginning in the centre of the other1 may be made of scarlet and buff1 or pink and buff1 filling in the large spaces between with white and the small spaces with ,cope's ,favourite ,ageratum4 ,the dwarf ,ageratums grow very evenly and are admirably adapted for carpet bedding4 ,seed of the dwarf ,phlox germinates very slowly4 ,it should be sown where it will have bottom heat and be given plenty of time1 frequently three weeks or more4 ,the common ,phlox ,drummondi germinates more freely1 and may be sown where it is to remain1 thinning to six inches apart in the rows1 or it may be sown and transplanted1 which insures more even rows4 ,salvias 7,flowering ,sage7 ,it is surprising how seldom one sees the ,salvia grown to any considerable extent outside the public gardens and parks1 though no other flower can compare with it in richness of colour and freedom of bloom1 but there seems to be an impression that it must be purchased from a florist or grown from cuttings4 ,salvia is much more desirable for bedding than for any other purpose4 ,in the house it is subject to attacks of red spider1 which make it more trouble to care for than it is worth1 while in the open ground it is remarkably healthy and free from insect pests4 ,seed should be started early in flats or hotbed1 and plants set out where they are to remain1 when all danger of frost is past1 as they are very sensitive to cold4 ,muck or marsh earth seems the most congenial soil in which to grow the ,salvias1 and if this is supplied they will need little care beyond watering during the summer4 ,i have grown the ,salvia splendens--the usual height of which is about two and a half feet--to a uniform height of five feet in a bed of marsh earth1 with a supply of water from a pipe1 keeping it constantly moist4 ,they will do well in the hottest situation if well supplied with water1 and even better in partial shade--the foliage being a deeper green and the colour of the blossoms richer and more velvety than when exposed to full sunlight4 ,for years ,i have grown them around a twelve-foot bed of ,ricinus and ,cannas1 and notice that the plants are always much finer on the north side4 ,try them as a border to a bed of ,cannas or ,ricinus1 edging them with white ,sweet ,alyssum or dwarf ,ageratum4 ,they root readily in wet sand in a warm situation1 and if a house-plant is available it may be used for cuttings instead of sowing seed4 ,seed may be saved without injury to the plants as it ripens1 and must be gathered before the flowers entirely fade4 ,the corolla or lip of the flower falls out1 leaving four white seeds an eighth of an inch long at the base of the calyx1 which remains fresh until the seeds have ripened1 when they may be shaken out4 ,by going over the plants daily one soon saves a fine lot of seed1 which may be depended upon to germinate4 ,the ,salvia seed germinates in about five days4 ,but less vigorous seed will continue to appear for two or three weeks after sowing1 and the soil should not be disturbed until all have had time to appear4 ,they require considerable heat to germinate freely1 and when this is supplied will give very satisfactory returns4 ,bonfire1 ,clara ,bedman1 and ,s4 splendens are the best of the scarlet-flowered variety4 ,the white-flowered ,salvias would be desirable if the blossoms were more closely massed on the spray2 as it is they are too scattered to have any value4 ,s4 patens1 however1 when brought to perfection is magnificent1 the individual flowers being double the size of the scarlet and of the most wonderful shade of blue4 ,it is seldom seen1 but should have a place in every garden1 as it is a colour rare among flowers1 the nearest approach to it being the ,monkshood4 ,it is a tender perennial1 but may be wintered in a warm1 dry cellar1 dying down to the ground usually1 but starting up from the root in the spring4 ,sweet ,alyssum and ,golden ,saxatile are both desirable for edging or for rockwork1 and may either be sown in the open ground where they are to remain1 or in a seed-bed and transplanted4 ,sweet-peas ,so much has been written on this subject that the culture of ,sweet-peas might1 without much exaggeration1 be called a cult4 ,though blooming with its head in the sun1 the ,sweet-pea loves to plunge its roots deep in the cool1 moist earth1 and the seed should be planted as early in the spring as the ground can be worked1 or1 better yet1 in the fall4 ,this late fall planting has much to recommend it1 as there is more leisure and the work is apt to be better done than in the hurried days of spring when everything seems to call for immediate attention4 ,the seed should be planted deep in two rows a foot apart1 running1 if possible1 north and south1 that the plants may receive the maximum amount of sunshine4 ,placed in this way1 they receive both morning and afternoon sun4 ,a strip of wire netting five feet high should be stretched between the rows and securely fastened to stout posts driven into the ground4 ,six-foot netting is even better than five1 as the ,sweet-pea loves to climb1 and blooms better if not thwarted4 ,dig on each side of the netting1 as close as may be without breaking the space between1 a trench a foot or eighteen inches deep and as wide as is necessary to work conveniently4 ,place in the bottom about six inches1 when trodden down1 of old1 well-rotted cow manure1 fill in about six inches of the removed soil1 making it fine and mellow2 sow the seed and cover with two or three inches of soil and press firmly down4 ,if planted in the fall protect with several inches of rough manure1 removing it in the spring that the soil may get the benefit of the sun's warmth4 ,when the plants are two or three inches high thin to six inches apart in the rows1 and draw up part of the soil removed from the trench4 ,add more as the plants grow until it is all banked up against them1 leaving a slight trench between the ridges and the surface of the ground4 ,the wire should come close to the ground that the plants may have support from the start4 ,do not water until necessary1 then sufficient water should be poured into the trench to thoroughly soak the ground at the bottom of the roots1 but do not turn it on the foliage or stems4 ,thorough and frequent cultivation should be given during the blooming season4 ,should it become necessary to shower the foliage during dusty weather it would better be done early in the morning or sufficiently early in the evening to allow the foliage to dry before the chill of night4 ,this guards against the blight and mildew1 so prevalent in ,sweet-pea culture4 ,when for any reason it is not convenient to cultivate frequently1 a mulch of lawn clippings will keep the ground about the vines cool and moist4 ,to insure freedom of bloom all faded flowers should be removed each day4 ,if the flowers are cut as fast as they open the quality will be improved4 ,under no circumstances should seed be allowed to form1 as the ripening of the seed is fatal to the flowers4 ,there is such a bewildering variety of ,sweet-peas that any suggestion of choice is impossible1 but usually the special collections put up by seedsmen will prove more satisfactory than those of one's own choosing1 if one is unfamiliar with the names of the varieties4 ,verbenas ,in sowing the seed of ,verbenas it is best to keep colours separate1 as white1 pink1 scarlet1 scarlet with white eye1 and the new ,mayflower ,verbena--one of the finest novelties brought out in recent years4 ,they should be started early in flats or hotbed1 soaking the seed in hot water for three or four hours before planting4 ,it germinates very irregularly1 often coming up after one has ceased to expect it4 ,the soil should be kept moist so long as there is any chance of more plants appearing4 ,verbenas will thrive in any good soil1 striking root wherever a point touches the ground4 ,cultivate1 if in loam or stiff soil1 as long as there is room to work between the plants1 which should be set at least a foot apart4 ,verbenas do finely on the rockwork1 seeming to enjoy the cool corners they find under the stones1 and the finest ,i have ever grown have been in such a situation4 ,vincas 7,periwinkles7 are an exceedingly beautiful and little known tender perennial worthy of extensive cultivation1 as easily grown as an ,aster or ,verbena1 and very effective in large beds4 ,for the price of one greenhouse plant a dozen plants may be raised from seed4 ,the foliage is deep green and glossy1 and large single flowers of exquisite colour and texture--pure ivory white1 white with a crimson eye1 and rosy crimson--are borne at the end of every branch covering the plants1 which grow from fifteen to eighteen inches high and nearly as broad4 ,as a border for a ,canna bed nothing could be better1 and they make fine symmetrical winter bloomers4 ,no finer plants for house decoration could be desired4 ,the seeds1 which should be started early in hotbeds or flats1 germinate in from ten to fifteen days1 sometimes earlier4 ,set out plants1 when all danger of frost is past1 in muck1 if possible1 or in well-enriched loam1 setting a foot or fifteen inches apart each way1 cultivating once a week1 if in loam or stiff soil1 but if in muck it will only be necessary to mulch4 ,water every day during the hot weather1 and if kept from seeding they will bloom from ,june until cut down by frost4 ,they do well in full sunshine or in shade1 but must have a fair amount of moisture4 ,if no seeds form plants may be lifted in the fall and potted in large pots for winter blooming4 ,small plants of the ,chrysanthemum obtained from the florist in the spring will1 with proper care1 make fine blooming plants by fall4 ,plant out1 when all danger of frost is past1 in a sunny bed composed of rather sandy loam and muck well manured and made deep and mellow4 ,set the plants from a foot to eighteen inches apart each way and cultivate at least once a week during the summer4 ,they should never suffer for water1 as if once allowed to dry out they never fully recover4 ,when the plants are six or eight inches high pinch back to four inches4 ,allow four branches to spring from this main stalk1 removing all others4 ,when these are four inches long pinch back again1 allowing each of the four shoots to form three or four branches and nipping out all others as they appear4 ,if a few very large flowers are desired1 allow only the four branches to grow from the main stem1 removing all other shoots4 ,when the branches are six inches in length pinch back for the last time not later than ,august #ast1 after which they should be allowed to grow on undisturbed1 removing all but the terminal buds if fine flowers are desired4 ,lift by ,september #ast1 transfer to large pots or boxes1 according to the size of the plants4 ,the soil should be given a good watering the day before lifting1 that the earth may cling to the roots and that the plant may be in the best condition for moving4 ,cut around the plant with the trowel1 leaving a ball of earth as near as possible the size and shape of the pot it is to fill4 ,avoid disturbing the roots4 ,set in a cool1 shady place for a few days and keep in a rather cool1 dry atmosphere after removing to the house4 ,water freely and give liquid manure once a week4 ,do not shower the tops after buds appear1 or keep where bulbs are growing in water1 as moisture at this stage is apt to cause the buds to blast4 ,chrysanthemums are quite certain to be attacked at some stage of their growth with black aphis1 or lice1 which are very troublesome to get rid of once they have gained a foothold4 ,it will be wise1 therefore1 to keep the foliage constantly dusted with tobacco at all seasons of their growth1 as in this form tobacco is most effective4 ,once the pest has gotten a start fumigating with tobacco smoke will be necessary4 ,shut the plants in a close room or box and smoke thoroughly4 ,chapter ,,eleven ,vines ,harsh outlines of buildings1 a dead tree1 a dilapidated fence1 a sunny window1 an obtrusive outbuilding1 may be transformed by the use of ,nature's drapery4 ,there exists in the minds of many1 unfortunately1 a prejudice against vines on the house as injurious to walls4 ,this is entirely unfounded1 the contrary1 so far as ,i am able to judge1 being the case1 especially on the south and west sides of frame houses1 where the paint and consequently the woodwork1 will be found in a much better state of preservation when protected by such vines as ,ampelopsis ,veitchi1 ,virginia ,creeper1 ,woodbine1 and the like1 than when exposed to the burning1 blistering rays of the sun4 ,vines make a thick growth of overlapping leaves which shed rain and prevent its penetrating to the walls4 ,in ,england1 where it is much used1 it is said that walls covered with ,ivy are almost indestructible1 so hard and dry has the cement remained under its protecting care4 ,adlumia 7,mountain ,fringe1 ,climbing ,fumitory1 ,alleghany ,vine7 ,one of the prettiest of summer vines is the ,adlumia1 though it lasts but one short summer4 ,it is a biennial1 stooling the first summer and the second summer bursting into a wealth of tender green foliage1 as finely cut as a fern1 with hundreds of sprays of delicate flowers--a delightful vine when grown on the north side of the house1 where it retains its fine green throughout the season1 though in the hot sun it is inclined to burn4 ,it is especially appropriate for funerals4 ,it self-sows1 and once established there is sure to be an abundance of it from year to year4 ,in the fall seeds may be scattered where the plants are to remain1 or the seed may be germinated in another spot and the seedlings transplanted later4 ,as the plants always receive a check when moved1 it is better to do so as early as possible in the fall1 that they may become established before cold weather4 ,plants should be set two feet apart4 ,coba scandens 7,cup-and-,saucer ,vine7 is a most desirable summer vine4 ,it grows to a great height and blooms freely1 throwing great1 bell-shaped flowers--pure white1 greenish white1 lavender1 mauve1 and purple--from the axil of nearly every leaf4 ,the flowers of the purple variety are pale green at first1 changing through all the shades of lavender and purple to plum4 ,there is another variety--the ,san ,salvador ,coba--that is even more desirable than the ,c4 scandens4 ,the flowers are much smaller1 but have greatly exaggerated stamens that give them distinction4 ,its chief beauty1 however1 is the foliage of light1 translucent green1 to which the sun1 shining through it1 gives a luminous quality rare in vines4 ,in manner of growth1 too1 it is superior1 its many-lobed leaves lying parallel to1 or flat on the netting1 instead of at right angles1 as is the case with ,c4 scandens4 ,both these vines do well in a north or east exposure and require less water than most vines4 ,they are admirable for covering an old tree or any partly dead wood4 ,seed should be started in the hotbed early in spring1 setting them on edge and covering a quarter of an inch deep4 ,unless the soil appears dry they should not be watered until the plants are up and have their first true leaves4 ,set out when danger of frost is past in mellow soil1 watering as needed1 and giving support for the vines to cling to4 ,to stone and brick1 or the bark of a tree1 they will cling of themselves1 each leaf-spray ending in a tendril that attaches itself to any rough surface4 ,i have never been able to ascertain what height they will attain if given support1 but the top of a reasonably tall tree falls short of their ambition4 ,the ,centrosema 7,butterfly ,pea7 is rather a hard vine to propagate from seed4 ,seeds germinate freely1 but the young plants seem strangely lacking in vigour1 so that frequently1 after making a few inches of growth1 they refuse to go further1 and gradually dwindle away4 ,it is therefore better to make several sowings1 soaking the seed in hot water for an hour before using1 and planting in hotbed or cold-frame4 ,if it is dropped an inch or two apart in the rows there will be no occasion for disturbing until it is time to transplant into the open ground--which would better be deferred until the plants are six or eight inches high4 ,they should be moved with as little disturbance as possible1 pressing the trowel down its full length and lifting and transferring to their permanent position on the east side of the house in one operation4 ,water and press the earth around the roots and furnish immediate support4 ,thus treated they will usually thrive and bloom in a few weeks1 continuing until frost unless seeds form1 which should not be allowed on young plants4 ,were they much more difficult to raise1 it would still be worth many trials and failures to secure one thrifty plant1 so lovely it is when in bloom4 ,i do not remember another plant whose blossoms give one such an idea of perfection--of exquisite and minute finish1 as this lovely ,centrosema with its beautiful colour1 delicate markings1 and symmetry of form4 ,before it bloomed ,i had begun to wonder whether it was worth all the trouble1 but when ,i saw the first perfect blossom all doubts vanished and ,i would go to much greater trouble to possess it4 ,the ,centrosema is of slender growth1 and seldom exceeds eight or ten feet4 ,plants should be set a foot apart in front of a wire trellis or other support4 ,they are hardy1 but should be given protection in winter4 ,gourds are a very useful family4 ,they are an ornamental feature of the summer garden1 and afford an economic and unique addition to the winter's supply of plant receptacles1 hanging-baskets1 low bowls for ,tulips1 ,crocus1 and other bulbs4 ,many of them are highly ornamental and graceful climbers--as the ,wild ,cucumber1 ,bryonopsis1 ,coccinea ,indica1 and ,abobra1 which have delicate foliage and showy fruit1 and may be grown where any quick-growing vine is wanted4 ,they are especially good for covering rear fences or unsightly outbuildings4 ,some of the varieties have large white flowers which are finer than a ,clematis1 and of the fruit of large-flowered ones the prettiest hanging-baskets are made4 ,saw them in two when thoroughly ripe and dry1 remove the pulp1 scrape the shell clean and thin and give a coat of green or brown shellac inside and out1 and hang with brass chains4 ,they are more satisfactory if the gourds are a year old and perfectly dry4 ,a hole must be made for drainage1 and in case of bowls1 tiny supports fastened to the bottom with glue to raise them from the table1 as without the free circulation of air they are liable to mould4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,dead ,,tree ,,draped ,,with ,,vines ,seed must be sown as early as possible that the fruit may have time to ripen before frost4 ,set out when all danger of frost is past in any garden soil in a sunny position where they will have good support1 as they are vigorous and rapid climbers and will quickly go to the top of a tall tree4 ,they are liable when first set out to be eaten off by cutworms1 and they should be protected by a bottomless tin can sunk into the ground two or three inches1 care being taken that there are no worms inside the can4 ,the gourds do not grow for some little time after setting out1 as they are making roots2 but once they begin the development is rapid4 ,the variegated ,japanese ,hop is another summer vine that should be extensively grown4 ,its large1 handsome foliage1 freely splashed with white1 is very showy and effective1 and it thrives in almost any situation and soil1 though paying well for extra care or attention in the way of cultivation1 watering1 and food4 ,the vines are not hardy1 but1 as they self-sow1 once established they are practically permanent4 ,several plants should be set near each other1 as only the female plant bears seed4 ,the leaves of this are smaller and the vine more slender4 ,the great-leaved1 robust vine bears no seed4 ,it is better to plant the seed in the fall1 as when planted in the spring it may not come up until the following year4 ,if this is the case the ground where it is sown should be left undisturbed until the following spring1 when it will make an early appearance4 ,when it does sprout the same season1 the seed germinates in from eight to ten days4 ,the plants do equally well on north1 south1 east or west walls1 but should be kept sufficiently watered on the south or west4 ,there is but one precaution ,i have found necessary in growing the ,japanese ,hop3 namely1 to give it a rather elastic support1 a twine trellis being better than a rigid wire one4 ,the finest ,japanese ,hop ,i ever saw grew over a south window on a trellis of chicken netting2 the growth was wonderful1 and the great leaves were beautifully splashed with white4 ,i was exceedingly proud of the vine1 but one day ,i saw it hanging limp and withered from its trellis1 and an investigation revealed the astonishing fact that it had grown so rapidly and attached itself so firmly to the unyielding wire that it had pulled its roots entirely out of the ground1 literally committing suicide4 ,since then ,i have used a more yielding support4 ,the ,japanese ,morning-glory should be started in the house or hotbed and not transplanted into the open ground until the nights and ground are warm4 ,illustration3 ,,furnish ,,support ,,for ,,vines ,,to ,,run ,,on ,illustration3 ,,vine-,,covered ,,shed ,many of the varieties received direct from ,japan are only adapted for growing in pots2 that is how the ,japanese grow them1 and we can hardly expect to improve on their methods4 ,pot off all plants showing unusual markings1 or oddly shaped leaves1 and plunge in the sand-box1 giving sunshine and abundance of water and using large pots1 or shifting frequently as needed4 ,give liquid manure once or twice a week4 ,furnish support for the vines to run on1 either a trellis or sticks in the sides of the pot and strings run back and forth through and around them1 or they may be trained against the wall back of the sand-box4 ,most of the seeds purchased here1 however1 are grown in this country1 and the plants are as rugged as the old-fashioned ,morning-glory4 ,it will be noticed that those with oddly shaped leaves and broad1 hairy stems rarely bloom here1 the buds appearing too late to develop before frost4 ,grown in pots these might give some interesting specimens4 ,if only a few of the buds are allowed to develop the size will be greatly increased4 ,the ,maurandya ,vine is one of the most satisfactory for low trellises1 window-boxes1 vases1 rockwork1 and the like1 in summer1 and for hanging-baskets in winter4 ,in the open air it attains a height of five or six feet1 giving an abundance of pink1 white1 and lavender-coloured1 foxglove-shaped flowers1 an inch and a half in length4 ,the smooth1 shining leaves are ivy-shaped and cling to supports by a twist of the stem4 ,it grows readily from seed1 and germinates in from twelve to fifteen days4 ,for trellis and outdoor work start early in flats or hotbed1 setting out when danger of frost is past1 but for winter use ,june is early enough to sow seed4 ,it requires no special treatment1 doing well in any situation with good soil and sufficient moisture4 ,this is one of the most graceful and useful vines for either summer or winter4 ,thunbergias 7,black-eyed ,susans7 like a warm1 sunny situation1 and in good soil will grow six or eight feet tall and be covered1 until cut down by frost1 with a wreath of tube-shaped1 flat-faced blossoms two inches in diameter--pure white1 white with black eye1 yellow with white eye1 and yellow with black eye4 ,they are very valuable for covering low trellises1 the foundations of porches1 window-boxes1 urns1 or rockwork where a small vine is needed4 ,they are admirable as basket or bracket plants in winter4 ,they grow freely from seed1 germinating in about twelve days1 and should be started early in flats in the house or the hotbed4 ,much finer plants are grown in this way than can be purchased from the florist4 ,their only enemy is the red spider1 and they should be showered frequently to prevent an attack4 ,the ,manettia ,vine is one of the most satisfactory vines for winter blooming1 requiring only a small pot and a place in a sunny window1 and blooming better when pot-bound4 ,a daily watering1 and occasional doses of weak liquid manure when the other plants are getting it is all the care it needs4 ,it does not require a warm atmosphere1 blooming freely in a temperature of about #ej1 and giving an unfailing succession of its bright little flowers every day during the winter4 ,it is that rare thing--a plant which the florists have not overpraised4 ,it is every bit as good as it is claimed to be4 ,though equally at home in a hanging-basket or on a trellis1 ,i have found it most attractive when grown on strings across the window in company with ,solanum jasminoides1 whose sprays of airy white flowers contrast with the orange and scarlet of the ,manettia4 ,a small plant obtained from the florist in spring and potted in a four-inch pot1 with good compost1 will be ready to bloom by ,november1 and will remain in bloom from that time until spring1 when it should be repotted in a six-inch pot and plunged in the sand-box to grow for winter blooming4 ,the only precaution necessary is to keep it in a small pot1 as it blooms more freely when pot-bound4 ,cut back if not branching freely1 as the bloom comes at the ends of the new growth4 ,clematis 7,virgin's ,bower7 ,the large-flowered ,clematis are the most expensive vines we have4 ,so slowly do they propagate from cuttings that the price remains high from year to year4 ,the cheapest way to obtain them is to raise them from seed and1 though this is a more or less uncertain method1 the expense is so slight compared to the purchase of plants that where many are required it is worth repeated efforts4 ,plant the seeds in flats in the house either in fall or spring4 ,cover an eighth of an inch and press the soil down firmly1 keeping moist and warm4 ,they germinate in from six weeks to a year2 for this reason fall planting is desirable1 as the soil may more easily be kept in the right condition4 ,when the plants are large enough to handle1 pot off into small pots and plunge in the sand-box1 if the weather is warm enough1 or in a sunny window if cold4 ,winter in a frost-proof cellar the first winter1 putting them in the open ground where they are to remain till the following spring4 ,the plants will give a few blossoms the second season1 enough to show the variety1 and the next year may be expected to bloom freely4 ,plants raised from seed are more likely to bloom and do well than those from cuttings4 ,clematis paniculata comes more freely from seed than the ,jackmanni strains1 and should be largely grown1 as it is one of our loveliest vines and blooms when most others have ceased4 ,clematis flammula self-sows and established little plants are continually coming up in unexpected places1 which may be removed to any desired position1 as this variety does not in the least mind being disturbed4 ,all ,clematis are benefited by winter protection1 and such varieties as ,ramona and other spring bloomers should have the tops protected with sacking or old carpet4 ,mrs4 ,edward ,andre dies to the ground in the winter1 but should be well protected around the roots4 ,many growers cut back ,clematis to within a few feet of the ground each fall1 but where large spaces are to be covered one loses much time1 as the frost usually does all the trimming necessary4 ,the early spring bloomers from last season's wood and cutting back in the fall simply lessen the blossom points4 ,if it is necessary to trim for symmetry or lack of room it should be done immediately after the plants are through blooming1 that they may have abundant time for new growth4 ,illustration3 ,,clematis ,,paniculati ,,blooms ,,when ,,most ,,others ,,have ,,ceased ,bignonia ,radicans 7,trumpet ,vine7 ,it is to be regretted that this fine vine is so common and old-fashioned that no one seems to appreciate it sufficiently to bring it up to its really magnificent possibilities4 ,when grown as a shrub no finer plant for a hedge could possibly be desired4 ,for this purpose the plants should be set about three feet apart1 or even closer1 if it is desired that the hedge should be useful as well as ornamental4 ,set in an even row where the hedge is desired1 tie each plant to a stout stake1 and allow only one branch to grow1 cutting this back when three feet high to form the head1 which should be made to branch freely4 ,by the time the stake has rotted away the plant will have made a trunk as large as one's wrist and perfectly self-supporting4 ,all dead and weak branches should be trimmed out each year and the hedge kept pruned back to symmetrical growth4 ,if the seed-pods are not allowed to form the plant will be in bloom nearly all summer4 ,such a hedge will be a thing to bequeath to posterity along with old oaks and fine elms4 ,the ,trumpet ,vine is equally desirable as a climber1 and on some surfaces is self-supporting1 but on others1 as the side of a building or a board fence1 it often fails to attach itself1 and in that case must be artificially supported4 ,this should be very securely done1 as a hard storm may tear a heavy-topped specimen entirely away from its support and do much damage4 ,the best support is afforded by stretching a galvanised wire across a branch1 just under a joint1 and fastening each end by a staple driven firmly into the building4 ,grown as a shrub on the lawn the ,trumpet ,vine is very fine and should be trained to a stake and grown the same as a ,kilmarnock ,willow4 ,every year1 as my ,bignonias bloom1 ,i grow more and more enthusiastic over their possibilities1 and wish more people would grow them with some definite aim in view4 ,chapter ,,twelve ,ornamental ,foliage ,plants from ,seed ,canna 7,indian ,shot7 ,all ,cannas--the gorgeous orchid-flowered1 as well as the old-fashioned sorts--can be easily and cheaply grown from seed and will give blossoming plants almost as soon as those started from bulbs4 ,when one must buy plants and the fine new varieties are desired1 the starting of an eight-or ten-foot bed is a matter for economical consideration4 ,five or six dollars is as little as one can expect to pay for such a bed if plants are purchased1 but by starting the seed the cost is reduced to a mere bagatelle4 ,it is better to buy seed by the ounce1 as not all will come up1 and one should make sure of a sufficient quantity4 ,the seed must be filed on the end opposite the germ1 so that the white shows through plainly1 and the best way to do it is to tack a piece of medium sand-paper to a piece of wood and rub the seed on that4 ,it is better to do this before they are wanted1 as it is a tedious process when one is in a hurry4 ,soak the seeds in hot water for an hour or two before planting and sow in hotbed or flat1 keeping moist and warm4 ,when large enough to handle1 prick out in thumb-pots and place in a warm1 sunny window4 ,it would be even better to start them in tiny pots1 plunged in a box of sand or in the hotbed1 to avoid danger in removing1 as they sometimes suffer in the process4 ,though one of the toughest plants when of some size1 the little seedlings are exceedingly tender4 ,shift as needed until time to place in the open ground when all danger of frost is past4 ,plant1 if possible1 in muck well manured1 as ,cannas do exceptionally well in that soil and can scarcely have too much food and water4 ,unless one has city water or other supply it is better to make the ,canna bed somewhat lower than the lawn1 that all the water may be retained and not run off1 as it will if the beds are raised4 ,if tall-growing varieties are grown in the centre the effect will be as good as though the bed were raised and less water will be needed4 ,a good mulch of lawn clippings will help to keep the soil moist1 mellow1 and free from weeds and will greatly lessen the care of it4 ,seed sown in ,february or ,march will give blooming plants in ,june1 and by fall there will be a fine lot of roots to store away for another year4 ,coleus1 which are practically indispensable in all ornamental bedding1 are easily raised from seed and will make fine plants by ,june4 ,start seed in rather deep flats in the house in ,february or ,march1 covering lightly and giving a warm place 7see directions for growing house-plants from seed74 ,they germinate in from five to seven days4 ,as soon as the plants have their first true leaves place in a warm1 sunny window and encourage them to grow as rapidly as possible4 ,when they have two or three leaves the colours will be sufficiently developed to admit of making selections1 and if the box is at all crowded they can be potted off and grown on until time to plant out4 ,coleus are very sensitive to cold and should not be planted out in the open ground until the nights are warm4 ,never allow the ,coleus to flower1 as this injures the foliage greatly4 ,pinch out the flower heads as they appear4 ,water liberally and pinch back occasionally to symmetrical form4 ,any soil that suits the ,canna1 or other ornamental foliage plant1 will do for the ,coleus--a light1 sandy loam enriched with manure is as good as anything1 and leaf-mould answers admirably4 ,where a quantity of ,cineraria1 or ,dusty ,miller1 is needed for borders1 it is much more economical to grow from seed1 starting them in hotbeds and planting out when all danger of frost is past1 setting six inches apart4 ,ricinus1 or ,castor-oil ,bean ,probably the most effective and tropical-looking plant in cultivation to-day is the ,ricinus1 and fortunately it is within the reach of everyone4 ,it is usually seen as a solitary specimen on the lawn1 or as the centre of a bed of other plants1 or probably in a long row2 it is more effective1 however1 in a group1 and thus grown makes a good background for low plants4 ,seed should be started early in house or hotbeds4 ,it germinates in twelve to fifteen days4 ,the best results will be obtained when started in the house by planting in three-or four-inch pots4 ,put two or three seeds in a pot and remove all but one if more come up4 ,before filling the pots with earth mixed with good compost1 a piece of shard1 or flat stone1 should be placed over the drainage hole to confine the roots1 as they make a very rapid growth4 ,shift into larger pots as required1 and plant out when all danger of frost is past in a deep1 rich soil4 ,marsh earth is best1 but where this is not available any good garden soil will answer if heavily manured and well watered4 ,the young plants are somewhat backward after transplanting and frequently refuse to grow at all1 so that it is well to have a few plants in reserve against a possible emergency4 ,after the plants are a foot high1 little if any trouble will be experienced4 ,the newer ,zanzibar varieties are the most desirable1 being very fine both in colour and development1 growing under favourable conditions from eight to ten feet tall with leaves three feet in diameter4 ,illustration3 ,,shift ,,into ,,larger ,,pots ,,as ,,required ,banana plants are very showy and attractive and in the ,north are more or less of a novelty4 ,they may be planted out in the open ground or in tubs when all danger of frost is over4 ,though less sensitive to root disturbance than the ,ricinus1 they are very impatient of the immediate presence of other plants1 and young plants should be grown by themselves4 ,robust two-year-old plants1 however1 may be used as centres for beds of ,cannas or similar plants with fine effect4 ,when obtainable they should be given a compost of muck and old manure and supplied with a very liberal amount of water2 the water from the laundry and kitchen should be saved for them1 as one can scarcely overfeed them4 ,give a warm1 sunny situation1 protected from rough winds1 which whip and tear the broad leaves1 rendering them most unsightly4 ,a southeast angle of building or shrubbery furnishes an ideal location4 ,in the fall the plants may be removed to the cellar in the tubs in which they have been grown1 or they may be lifted1 if grown in the open ground1 and planted in suitable tubs for the adornment of the conservatory or living-room4 ,grown indoors they are very ornamental1 the foliage being perfect1 which is rarely the case out of doors4 ,it is also much easier to carry the plants through the winter in this way2 as they are very sensitive to cold and damp when dormant and cannot be carried successfully in a cellar where these conditions exist1 even though it be free from frost4 ,in the ,south--and the same method may be employed in the ,north1 provided the cellar conditions are right--the plants are dug up1 the soil removed1 and the roots wrapped in gunny-sacks and laid on a shelf in the cellar1 all the leaves being removed except the central one1 which must be carefully protected from all injury4 ,chapter ,,thirteen ,bulbous and ,tuberous-rooted ,plants ,cannas may be started any time in ,april or ,may4 ,the old-fashioned tall-growing varieties may be put in the open ground early in ,may4 ,cover with three or four inches of soil and protect the bed with a little rough manure if the nights are cold1 the finest of the manure being left to enrich the soil when the plants are up4 ,the large-flowering ,french and ,orchid-flowered ,cannas are delicate and very sensitive to cold and damp and should be started in the house with heat4 ,divide the roots into points and pot separately in leaf-mould1 or they may be placed in baskets of sand set in a warm1 sunny place and kept constantly moist2 this is the simplest and best way of handling them4 ,cannas are less likely to mould or decay in sand than in soil1 and it is easier to keep a uniform degree of moisture in the baskets than in the small pots4 ,the baskets should be partly filled with fine white sand and the roots laid in place1 points up1 as closely as convenient1 and sufficient sand added to cover them4 ,they must not be planted out until all danger of frost is past and the nights are warm1 and they should then be handled very carefully to avoid injuring the tender roots4 ,give them a soil of muck or heavily manured loam and abundance of water4 ,the most convenient place for starting bulbs of all kinds is a warm upstairs room1 over a kitchen or elsewhere1 with a south or west light4 ,a wide shelf may be arranged under the windows and one's entire supply of bulbs started there in pots and baskets out of the way4 ,seeds of flowers and vegetables may also be started there to advantage4 ,dahlias are best started in the baskets of sand1 putting the bunches in whole1 with the crown just below the surface of the sand4 ,when they have sprouted and the weather is warm they should be removed from the sand and carefully divided4 ,a number of tubers will have failed to start1 while others will have thrown several shoots4 ,if the number of plants is not sufficient more may be secured by grafting part of the green shoots into the dormant toes4 ,remove a shoot1 cut the end to a wedge shape1 remove a corresponding wedge from the crown of a toe and insert the shoot2 it should rest in the toe an inch or more and be placed in the ground at once--drawing the earth around it snugly that the scion may be in no danger of separating from the toe before it has formed a union4 ,only one shoot should be left on a tuber1 and the removal of the extra ones for grafting is a distinct gain4 ,whenever it is necessary to divide the roots a portion of the stem with a well-defined eye must be given to each division1 otherwise there will be no top growth2 the toes will root1 but they will not grow4 ,for further directions see chapter on growing ,dahlias from seed4 ,caladium esculentum1 or ,elephant's ,ears1 is a native of the ,sandwich ,islands1 where it furnishes a staple article of food called ,poa4 ,the root when cooked is like a potato4 ,it is better to start separately in pots an inch larger than the bulbs1 setting the top of the bulb just above the surface of the soil4 ,pot with muck or good compost and keep moist and warm4 ,they respond to heat and moisture the most readily of all dormant bulbs1 beginning to grow at once and making steady progress1 the root growth keeping step with the top much more uniformly than is usual with bulbs that are wintered dry4 ,it is an ideal plant for the amateur1 as easily grown as a hill of corn4 ,if fine plants are desired only those bulbs showing a live centre-shoot should be used4 ,if the winter conditions have been favourable the bulbs will show a strong centre-shoot or rolled-up leaf2 where this has decayed or dried off there will frequently be side-shoots which are worth saving when the supply of bulbs is small1 and which will produce fair results1 but for really good plants the centre-shoot is necessary4 ,plant out when all danger of frost is past1 in muck if possible1 or in heavily manured loam2 the more freely they are watered the finer will be the growth4 ,old bulbs should give leaves three feet or more in length and correspondingly wide4 ,single specimens are fine in pots1 vases1 or tiles1 but they are really seen at their best in large clumps on the lawn1 or edging beds of ,cannas or other subtropical plants4 ,they are easily wintered and multiply very rapidly2 and1 as much better effects can be obtained by planting largely of one variety1 an effort should be made to have a generous supply4 ,aim for a tropical luxuriance of effect--whether the plants used are ,cannas1 ,caladiums1 ,ricinus1 or all three4 ,tuberous ,begonias should be started at the same time as the ,caladiums1 ,cannas1 and other tuberous plants4 ,pot singly in small pots of leaf-mould1 setting the tuber level with the surface of the earth1 but shaping the soil away from it toward the edge of the pot that water may not settle around it4 ,the side showing a slight depression is the top4 ,often it is difficult to determine this1 in which case the bulb may be laid on the surface until growth begins and the fact can be determined1 when it may be potted4 ,do not keep too warm1 as that induces a leggy growth2 a temperature of about #fj is right4 ,bed out1 when all danger of frost is past1 in partial shade4 ,in ,england it is claimed that they will stand the hottest sun1 but the atmosphere of ,england is very different from our dry air1 and the tuberous ,begonia does better with us if shaded4 ,where there is no natural shade an awning of cotton cloth during the hottest part of the day answers every purpose4 ,gloxinias are started the same as tuberous ,begonias and require practically the same treatment1 but more heat4 ,fuller cultural directions are given in the chapter on growing from seed4 ,fancy-leaved ,caladiums1 though belonging to the same family as ,c4 esculentum1 bear little resemblance to that sturdier branch1 being small in growth1 gorgeous in colouring1 and exceedingly delicate4 ,unlike the ,crotons and ,coleus1 which revel in full sunshine1 they develop their beautiful colours best in partial or complete shade4 ,they do1 however1 love a warm atmosphere and must be guarded against sudden chills and draughts4 ,they are very desirable for window-boxes on the north side of the house1 for growing in sheltered nooks1 and for warm1 sheltered positions on porches4 ,several may be grouped together in a ten-inch pot very effectively1 as they require but little room4 ,they may be brought inside in the fall1 and kept growing until they show signs of resting1 when water should be gradually withheld until the leaves have ripened4 ,the pots should then be set away in a warm1 dry place--as a shelf in a closet--until wanted the following spring4 ,such wonderful things have been accomplished in ,gladiolus culture that one scarcely recognises the old favourite4 ,all along the line1 size1 colour1 texture1 markings show the effect of a high state of cultivation and careful hybridising4 ,the ,childsi are1 perhaps1 the finest2 while several of the strains of giant ,gladiolus show wonderful size and colour4 ,they increase rapidly1 and one should buy a few bulbs each year so as to maintain a high standard4 ,when ready to plant1 remove all loose husks1 dead roots1 and stalks1 leaving the bulb clean and fair4 ,plant directly in the open ground1 sufficiently late for frost to have gone by the time they are up4 ,plant the bulbs eight inches deep in fine leaf-mould1 or a mixture of muck1 loam and old manure1 or even well-enriched garden loam4 ,planted deeply they will not need staking--an important point in growing ,gladioli2 nor will they be so much affected by cold1 heat1 or draught as in the case of shallow planting1 and may be planted earlier and left much later in the fall1 giving the bulbs more time to ripen4 ,they should be cultivated frequently during the summer or well mulched and supplied with water as needed4 ,no seed should be allowed to form1 as the plants make new bulbs each year1 sometimes several1 and that1 with the production of flowers1 is enough for one plant4 ,a plant that seeds freely will not produce as many or as good bulbs4 ,take up in the fall before the ground begins to freeze1 and put in a warm1 sunny place for a few days to dry4 ,remove the stems by cutting off six or eight inches above the bulb1 but do not attempt to pull or break them1 as that will injure the new shoot which lies just inside the old stalk4 ,tie in bunches and hang in a dry1 cool place1 free from frost1 or store in paper sacks4 ,montbretias resemble the ,gladioli in flower and foliage1 but are very slender of growth4 ,they throw long1 graceful sprays of brilliant scarlet1 orange1 and lemon1 very desirable for cut flowers4 ,the flowers open successively1 as do the ,gladioli1 and are in bloom a long time4 ,they may be grown in the corners of the ,gladiolus bed with good effect4 ,the culture is the same1 except that the ,montbretias are not planted so deeply--about three inches4 ,they multiply very rapidly--about fourfold1 and are as easily cared for as the ,gladioli4 ,tigridias 7,shell ,flowers7 are beautiful in colour1 and odd in shape1 and rather gorgeous in effect whether set singly or in groups4 ,the colours are a pure white1 white with lilac1 purple and white1 yellow and orange with dark spots1 white with a brownish spot on a yellow ground1 and rose colour4 ,the flower remains open for only a day1 but as there is always another to take its place it is not missed4 ,they would better be started in the house in pots and bedded out when frost is past1 as1 planted in the open ground1 they sometimes fail to appear4 ,lift and dry in fall and store in a dry1 warm place during winter1 examining occasionally for mould or grey lice4 ,the leaf much resembles that of the date-palm1 being ribbed and pointed at either end4 ,summer-blooming ,oxalis are very desirable plants for borders4 ,they are extensively grown in parks and public gardens1 but are little seen in private grounds4 ,they are the most easily raised of all the bulbous plants and increase in a manner quite alarming1 each bulb forming a long tuber resembling a white radish in general appearance1 and covered with small bulbs--probably fifty--the top being crowned with one large bulb1 the source of the season's florescence4 ,these bulbs are not a solid body1 as would appear at first glance1 but are made up of hundreds of minute scales like a lily bulb4 ,added to its interesting character below ground is its rather remarkable performance above ground4 ,it comes into leaf and blossom two weeks after planting1 about the time the first tiny tips of other bulbs appear4 ,one great advantage of this precocity of growth is that ,oxalis may be substituted when for any reason other border plants have failed to come up and it is necessary to replace them in a hurry4 ,often a hardy border plant winter-kills and one keeps waiting for it to start until it is too late to get plants from seed1 then the little ,oxalis comes to the rescue4 ,buy them by the hundred and set about three inches apart and about two inches deep4 ,take up in the fall and put in a sunny place to dry1 turning often2 when dry remove from the centre tuber and sort1 saving the largest bulbs4 ,crinums and ,amaryllis ,for the past year or so an unusual amount of interest has been shown in this magnificent class of plants1 followed in many instances by grievous disappointment1 as1 led away by the glowing descriptions of the dealers1 investments are made in bulbs whose proper culture is entirely unknown4 ,it is to be regretted that dealers sending out bulbs requiring special treatment--as the ,crinums--do not give instructions for their culture4 ,it would save a vast amount of disappointment1 complaint1 and distrust4 ,unfortunately many florists do not themselves understand their requirements2 they merely purchase the bulbs from other dealers1 and publish trade advertisements and illustrations4 ,seen in bloom under proper conditions and treatment it is not strange that florists wax eloquent in their praise1 and invest heavily in bulbs which they sell to an ignorant and confiding public4 ,there is1 however1 little difficulty in growing the ,crinum--indeed1 ,i know of no plant more easily grown1 once it is understood4 ,most of the complaints show that there has been no effort made to study the nature of the plant4 ,a little study would show that an immense bulb like ,crinum ornatum must have a generous supply of roots to sustain it2 that these roots must have time to grow1 commensurate with the length of time the bulb has been out of the ground1 and that not much could be expected of it until these conditions were fulfilled4 ,these facts are obvious from a study of the dry bulb1 other facts are only arrived at after experience with the ,crinum as a plant4 ,the root growth is quite in keeping with the size of the bulb2 it forms great quantities of fleshy white roots as thick as pipe-stems1 which are very impatient of disturbance and should be left practically unmolested for a number of years4 ,when a bulb is prepared for market these roots are all removed4 ,it is not strange that when called upon to rally from the shock of dismemberment and to replace the entire root growth it should sometimes fail to bloom as readily as expected4 ,often only a portion of the former roots start again1 and this must be taken into consideration when anticipating bloom4 ,when a dry bulb is received from the florist it should be potted at once in a pot two inches larger in diameter than the bulb1 that is1 one allowing one inch of space between the pot and the bulb all around4 ,good potting soil1 loam1 leaf-mould1 or muck1 good sharp sand and old1 well-rotted manure should be used4 ,i do not think the muck absolutely essential1 except in the case of ,c4 ,americana1 which may be grown in pure muck1 but good fibrous loam and sharp sand must be used4 ,place an inch or two of drainage material in the bottom of the pot1 covering with sphagnum moss to keep the water from washing the soil into the drain and clogging it2 fill within an inch of the top of the pot with soil2 press the bulb into it1 making a depression the shape of the base of the bulb and a couple of inches deep2 line this hollow an inch deep with clean white sand1 replace the bulb1 water1 and give a warm1 sunny position4 ,the bulb may be lifted and examined daily without injury1 to note the root development and to watch for signs of blue-mould1 which is apt to attack the ,crinum if slow in rooting and which1 when it appears1 should be carefully wiped off4 ,as soon as the root growth has fairly commenced the bulb must not again be disturbed1 as there is then danger of injuring the root4 ,this inspection shows the root development the bulb is likely to make1 and gives an idea of the probable florescence4 ,the bulb is planted on top1 and not in the soil1 but if it makes the root growth it should that will hold it as firmly as though it were entirely embedded4 ,usually a bulb will bloom in about three months from potting1 sometimes sooner1 but it is better to allow it a margin of time4 ,few leaves are made up to blooming time1 but after the bloom has faded the foliage grows rapidly and1 in the case of large bulbs1 is really magnificent4 ,when the foliage begins to fade and turn yellow at the tips the growth for the season is practically over1 and water should be gradually withheld1 and the plant allowed to rest4 ,from this time on give only sufficient water to keep the plant from going dust-dry4 ,enough water may be given to keep the roots from shrivelling but not sufficient to induce top growth4 ,soon after starting it will be noticed1 perhaps1 that the bulb has shrunk and grown smaller and somewhat soft4 ,as the foliage dies it becomes firm and hard again1 the strength of the top has returned to the bulb from which it came1 and it is at this period that it makes its own growth and prepares for another season of bloom1 readiness for which it will announce by beginning to grow though water be withheld4 ,the top earth--which should be dry at this time--should be removed as far as possible without disturbing the roots1 and replaced with good1 rich soil4 ,water freely1 and when the buds appear give a little weak liquid manure once a week4 ,the second blooming will be much finer than the first1 as the plant has now sufficient root growth to support both stalk and blossom4 ,should the bulb outgrow its quarters it may be shifted into a pot two sizes larger1 care being taken not to disturb the roots4 ,in this way the ,crinum may be grown on from year to year1 shifting when really necessary1 renewing the top-soil each year without disturbing the roots and allowing it seasons of complete rest4 ,this is the whole secret of ,crinum culture--undisturbed root action and well-defined seasons of rest and growth4 ,it requires a warm1 sunny window in winter1 and an eastern exposure in summer1 where it will get the full morning sun and be protected from rough winds which injure the foliage4 ,in protected situations certain varieties1 as ,c4 ,kunthianum1 hold their great leaves erect and are very fine2 they will not do this when exposed to wind4 ,care must be taken to protect them from heavy rain1 as water settling in the leaves sometimes causes the bulb to rot4 ,i have lost some very fine specimens from this cause4 ,a protected sand-box is an ideal place for them1 as the evaporation from the wet sand supplies just the moist atmosphere they like4 ,they may be wintered in a warm1 dry cellar1 but1 if the cellar is at all cold or damp1 it will be better to keep them on the back of the plant-stand or on a shelf in a closet where they may be inspected frequently4 ,crinums are such expensive floral luxuries that it pays to take good care of them4 ,many varieties make few offshoots1 and hence can never become cheap1 but there is a distinct pleasure in possessing something rare and fine4 ,unfortunately much confusion exists in regard to the two ,crinums1 ,kirkii and ornatum1 and the same bulb is often offered under different names4 ,the dealers themselves seem to have no clear idea as to which is which4 ,i believe1 however1 that ornatum is distinguished by a pink stripe through the centre of each petal1 while the corresponding stripe in ,kirkii is reddish-purple2 these two are the most uncertain and unsatisfactory of all ,crinums in the hands of the amateur4 ,c4 ,moorei1 also often offered as ornatum or ,kirkii1 is one of the choicest ,crinums and a native of ,south ,africa4 ,its flowers1 produced in umbels of from ten to twelve1 are of a soft1 delicate blush with a pink bar through the centre of each petal4 ,it is deliciously fragrant1 and the large bulb and handsome foliage much resemble ,c4 ornatum4 ,c4 erubescens is another rare tropical species1 having umbels of as many as a dozen lily-like flowers of a claret-purple outside and a soft pink inside with filaments of dark red4 ,it is a free bloomer of easy culture4 ,c4 ,capense rosea has the reputation of being the most easily grown of any ,crinum1 and is quite hardy with protection as far north as ,st4 ,louis4 ,it is said to winter in the cellar like a ,dahlia4 ,farther north it should be given the same care in winter as other varieties4 ,the flowers are numerous--white flushed with rose with a pink stripe through the centre1 and more drooping than the flower in other species4 ,c4 scabrum1 often called ,christ and the ,apostles1 having thirteen flowers1 produces an abundance of pale-green foliage beautifully waved and crimped4 ,it has usually two flower scapes at once1 flowers much like the old ,annunciation ,lily1 but with a longer tube1 so that the outer row droops4 ,the six broad petals are pure1 sparkling white with a light red stripe down the outside of each and a pink one on the inside4 ,this is one of the most desirable varieties4 ,c4 fimbriatum--,milk-and-wine ,lily--is much like ,c4 ,kirkii in habit and appearance1 but smaller1 the flowers being but three or four inches in diameter1 the foliage more erect and sword-like4 ,illustration3 ,,should ,,bulb ,,outgrow ,,its ,,quarters ,,shift ,,into ,,pot ,,two ,,sizes ,,larger ,c4 pedunculatum grows to a magnificent size1 fine specimens averaging six feet in height and width4 ,its flowers1 of pure white with purple anthers1 are formed in umbels of thirty or more2 the petals are narrow and the flowers exquisitely fragrant4 ,it has a queer stump-like bulb which grows to an immense size1 and is an evergreen1 producing its flowers at intervals through the year like ,c4 ,americana1 which has also pure white1 fragrant flowers1 the petals long and narrow4 ,the latter1 when in bloom1 throws up one immense spike in the centre of the foliage1 giving the plant the appearance of a great rounded bouquet4 ,it is a native of the ,florida swamps1 and should be grown in muck with considerable moisture1 blooming best when pot-bound4 ,c4 grandolia1 or augustum1 is the finest of all the ,crinums3 one grown in ,florida 8with leaves six feet long and correspondingly wide1 with a crown of bloom the size of a bushel measure40 ,its umbels of flowers1 thirty or more in number1 with broad petals eight inches long1 make a magnificent display4 ,the buds are a purplish-red1 the flowers1 when open1 a blood red outside1 and a delicate1 satiny flush inside4 ,the bulbs grow to an immense size4 ,c4 ,kunthianum1 another of the large-growing ,crinums1 is highly to be recommended for amateur culture1 being much more easily managed than either ornatum or ,kirkii4 ,it is evergreen1 and has broad strap leaves of a bluish green that1 in the house1 are held erect1 and for this reason it presents the finest appearance of all ,crinums4 ,it throws up a tall spike crowned with ten or twelve large1 lily-like flowers of a rosy white with crimson stripes through the petals4 ,the general treatment of ,amaryllis is the same as for ,crinums4 ,disturb the roots as little as possible1 and give as complete seasons of rest as the plant seems to require4 ,when it is apparent that they are trying to rest they should not be forced to grow1 but aided to sleep by judicious withholding of water1 tempering of the light1 and the like4 ,evergreen ,amaryllis1 like the ,aulica platypetala1 do not need these periods of complete rest1 but they need a partial rest1 and as long as no new leaves appear should be watered moderately and the roots left undisturbed as long as possible4 ,remove all offshoots that have grown to any size when the plant starts to grow and the top-soil is being renewed1 and pot them off in small pots an inch larger than the bulbs4 ,the number of fine hybrids have increased so rapidly of late years that it is impossible to describe them separately1 as many of them are flaked and splashed with colour in a wonderful manner4 ,of the old-time favourites it is doubtful if any excels the ,a4 ,johnsonii1 and a collection of ,amarylli might well begin with this4 ,tuberoses should be started in a warm place where they will not be exposed to draughts or chills4 ,before potting1 take a sharp knife and remove all the old root and hard substance about the base1 leaving but a thin layer below the bulb4 ,unless this is done1 growth will be either delayed or prevented1 as the new growth cannot push through this hard substance4 ,pot singly in four-inch pots and keep moist and warm until growth begins1 when they may be given a position in a sunny window1 and encouraged to grow until time for planting out in the open ground1 after all danger of frost is past4 ,if it is not desired to plant directly in the open ground they may be shifted into six-or eight-inch pots and plunged in the ground4 ,they must be plunged to the brim1 or over1 and will require more water than when growing in the ground4 ,if they are still blooming at the approach of frost they may be lifted and removed to the house4 ,others that have been bedded out may be lifted1 potted1 and brought in1 and will bloom as freely1 though not as quickly1 as those in pots4 ,disturbing the roots does not seem to interfere at all with the process of bloom4 ,the double pearl ,tuberose blooms but once1 and it is hardly worth while1 unless one has much room and time1 to try to bring the small bulbs forward to the blooming stage1 as they must be cultivated for two or three summers and cared for for as many winters4 ,the variegated leaved1 however1 blooms from year to year1 and should be taken up in the fall and stored in a warm1 dry place4 ,this variety is single1 but very fragrant and pretty4 ,tuberoses do well in the ,gladiolus bed1 and their pure white spikes are very attractive among the more brilliant flowers1 but they should be planted in clumps and not scattered among the ,gladioli4 ,chapter ,,fourteen ,aquatics ,there is special delight in the cultivation of aquatics1 due partly to the novelty of the work1 and partly to the feeling of rest associated with this particular branch of floriculture4 ,one can rarely go into the garden in the early summer without seeing something to do1 a plant to be trimmed1 or a vine the wind has blown down1 and always plants needing water4 ,when the lily pond is reached1 be it natural or artificial1 one feels that here there is rest1 for an established lily pond seldom needs care4 ,in small tanks the water must be renewed occasionally1 but once a week will be sufficient4 ,probably the simplest way of constructing a lily pond where the lay of the land and soil are favourable1 is to mark out a desired area1 remove about two feet of soil and turn the cattle on it4 ,with stiff clay soil this will in a few months give a bottom sufficiently hard to hold water4 ,spread several inches of muck and old manure on this prepared ground and the place is ready for the water1 which may be piped from a well or supplied by a wind-mill4 ,such a pond has this advantage over one made of cement1 that semi-aquatic plants1 such as ,reeds and ,bamboos1 ,japanese ,iris1 ,cardinal ,flowers1 and the native ,flame ,lily may find a place on its banks and add greatly to the beauty of the pond4 ,when one is so fortunate as to have a little stream flowing through a corner of the grounds it can be diverted to form a pond with sufficient current to prevent stagnation1 yet not enough to interfere with the growing of water-plants4 ,by selecting a low spot beside the stream very little excavating will be necessary1 and the nature of the soil and force of the water will decide what1 if any1 barrier may be needed4 ,should the stream be some distance from the house a shrubbery1 hardy perennials1 and an occasional tree may lead up to the pond4 ,if this is so fortunately placed as to be on the north side of the grounds1 so that the sun lies on it when seen from the house1 the effect will be greatly heightened by a clump of evergreens on its northern shore1 making a background to arrest the eye and focus it on the lily pond4 ,where the landscape is limited1 a group of tall ,bamboos is effective at this point1 and ,japanese ,iris may have a place in the foreground2 ,sagittarias and ornamental grasses may also be used with good results4 ,illustration3 ,,wild ,,water ,,flowers ,,for ,,edging ,,lily-,,pond ,where one lacks the advantage of natural conditions a cement pond is a good substitute4 ,it may be expensively constructed with piping for water1 drainage1 etc41 or it may be made at a cost of from five to thirty dollars1 according to size4 ,five or six by eight1 or eight by ten or twelve feet1 will be found convenient sizes1 as they will admit of reaching the centre4 ,the basin should be about two feet deep when completed1 and if of clay the soil should be wet and made as hard and smooth as possible4 ,if the soil is loose and sandy it will need a coat of clay before applying the cement4 ,this may be done by mixing the clay with water to the consistency of mortar and applying in any convenient way4 ,allow this to dry before using the cement4 ,a neat curbing will greatly improve the appearance of the pond4 ,when the cement is perfectly dry1 place six inches of old1 well-rotted manure in the bottom of the basin1 and cover with eight or ten inches of muck4 ,make this smooth and level1 and cover with one or two inches of clean white sand to keep the water clear and sightly and prevent the muck from rising to the surface4 ,fill with hose or watering-pot1 letting the pond overflow until the water is clear and the sand firm and smooth1 when it is ready for plants4 ,when a permanent bed of this kind is out of the question1 a large zinc tub1 or half a hogshead1 will make a small water-garden4 ,these would better be raised somewhat above the surface of the ground to protect them from decay4 ,three small five-inch drain-tiles laid sidewise make a good foundation1 and a very pretty effect may be obtained by piling rough stones around the tank4 ,fill in with earth and cover with vines and plants suitable for a rockery4 ,if a tall ,bamboo1 or even a fine clump of ,papyrus or ,umbrella-plant can be grown on the north side1 so as to overtop the tank without shutting off the sunshine1 it will add much to the general effect4 ,the ,lily pond should have full sunshine1 but be protected from rough winds1 as the leaves of large ,lilies that stand well above the water are easily injured4 ,the ,egyptian ,lotus is the finest of all ,lilies suitable for growing in small ponds or tanks4 ,these plants should be purchased from growers1 as they do not seed in this country and the imported seed is uncertain4 ,one plant is sufficient for a tub or tank1 as they increase very rapidly and do better when not crowded4 ,one of these ,lilies may be placed in the centre of a small pond of ten feet or more1 and other ,lilies grouped around the sides4 ,hardy ,nymphas may be planted in the soil of the pond1 while the more tender ,zanzibarenses should be planted in twelve-inch pots and plunged in the tank1 as these are not hardy like the ,nelumbiums1 to which class the ,lotus belongs4 ,both the ,egyptian and the ,american ,lotus are quite hardy in the open ground with a protection of rough litter and boards4 ,an interesting peculiarity of the ,lotus1 by which it may be distinguished from other ,lilies when quite small or out of bloom1 is that water splashed on the leaves always rolls up into little drops like quicksilver instead of spreading over the leaves1 as on ,nymphas and the like4 ,illustration3 ,,water ,,lilies1 ,,with ,,background ,,of ,,bamboo ,,and ,,native ,,grasses ,there are several varieties of ,nymphas suitable for amateur cultivation--the ,cape ,cod ,water ,lily1 with its large1 cup-shaped flowers of a lovely pink2 ,t4 ,richardson1 probably the finest white variety2 our native ,nymphas1 and the lovely ,zanzibar ,lilies in blue and crimson4 ,these last are very easily raised from seed1 which1 if planted early in ,february1 will give bloom by ,july1 and may be wintered in a warm1 dry cellar4 ,in a cold1 damp cellar they rot4 ,if grown in tubs drain off the water at the approach of cold weather1 remove to the cellar and keep merely moist4 ,if grown in ponds it is better to plant them in pots1 which may be lifted and brought into the cellar for the winter4 ,into a large bowl or crock put a few inches of rich soil1 cover with clean white sand and turn on tepid water until it runs clear4 ,sow the lily seed on the surface of the water2 it will go to the bottom when entirely wet and be more evenly distributed than would be the case were it sown on the soil and the water turned over it4 ,through the clear water the whole process of germination may be watched4 ,in six days a thread-like sprout will have started from the swollen seed2 in six days more this thread-like shoot changes into a tiny dart-shaped leaf2 in another six a true leaf comes upon the scene1 a very small lily-pad1 but giving promise of great performance4 ,when the dish becomes crowded transplant into other dishes1 keeping plants out of water as short a time as possible4 ,when the nights are warm--at least #fj--plant out in tubs or ponds4 ,for the first year an eight by ten foot pond may have a ,nelumbium in the centre1 two or three ,zanzibar varieties on either side1 and pink and white ,nymphas at the end4 ,if the plants have done well reduce the number the second year4 ,water ,hyacinths are found interesting principally because they are more or less of a novelty even at the ,south1 having been introduced from ,venezuela about fourteen years ago4 ,this plant has already proved itself a nuisance in the ,florida rivers1 seriously interfering with navigation and calling for appropriations from the ,government for its destruction4 ,in house or garden cultivation the roots increase rapidly4 ,a small plant set in a tub in full sunshine in ,may will fill it by ,august4 ,the leaves form rosettes and expand at the stem into a sort of bladder that supports the plant on the surface of the water4 ,the roots trail in the water until the plant is ready to bloom1 when they enter the soil4 ,the flowers are a pleasing shade of lavender with a yellow centre and form in spikes like a ,hyacinth4 ,paris green must not be used in the water where the ,hyacinths are grown1 but lumps of charcoal and a small quantity of kerosene may be substituted4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,full ,,blown ,,cat-,,tail ,a few ,water ,poppies holding their bright yellow cups well above the surface of the water are always attractive1 and ,parrot's ,feather trailing over the sides of the tub gives a bit of tender green through the summer1 but the rockwork1 with ferns and plants and a tall reed or two1 makes a much tidier appearance4 ,the ,papyrus--the plant from which our first paper was made--is very effective and will grow wherever a ,canna thrives1 though it prefers a low1 damp soil4 ,it must be wintered in greenhouse or cellar4 ,a well-developed clump will grow to a height of ten feet4 ,several varieties of ,bamboo1 to be had from ,south ,florida nurseries1 will do well in the ,north in summer and stand a considerable degree of cold4 ,bambusa arundinacea is a magnificent quick-growing sort from forty to sixty feet tall at maturity1 and will stand considerable frost4 ,b4 aurea and ,b4 ,metake are hardy with good protection at the ,north4 ,b4 ,metake is a handsome evergreen species of considerable decorative value for indoor culture1 growing six feet tall with large1 handsome foliage1 while ,a4 falcata is a pretty variety with the tiniest of leaves4 ,bamboo requires an abundant water-supply1 and is therefore most suitable for the borders of natural ponds1 or low1 damp spots on the grounds4 ,the objection raised to ponds is that they breed mosquitoes and malaria and are likely to become offensive4 ,so will anything that is neglected1 but there is not the slightest reason for the lily pond becoming a nuisance in any way4 ,a small amount of ,paris green in the water--a teaspoonful to an eight-foot pond--will keep it perfectly clear and sweet and prevent the formation of green scum and moss1 so offensive in stagnant water1 and the breeding of mosquitoes4 ,or a little charcoal and kerosene will give the same results4 ,illustration3 ,,native ,,plants ,,edging ,a ,,natural ,,water ,,garden ,chapter ,,fifteen ,the ,care of the ,summer ,rose-bed ,the old-fashioned ,june ,roses1 with their long season of flowerless bloom1 hardly repay the trouble of raising4 ,the hardy perpetuals and hybrid ,teas may now be purchased so cheaply that1 even though a large proportion of them should not survive the winter1 a small outlay will replace them4 ,the thorniness of the old hardy ,june ,rose adds greatly to the labour of caring for them1 and this alone would lead some to discard them4 ,if1 however1 one clings to the old-fashioned ,roses from economy or sentiment1 they should be grown to their fullest possibilities by pruning1 cultivation1 and liberal mulching with coarse manure in the fall1 and lawn clippings in the summer4 ,pruning should be done late in the winter or early in the spring before the sap begins to run4 ,remove all weak and straggly branches1 cutting back the new growth to the first strong leaf-buds on the shoot4 ,it is well to cut out the centres1 as the new growth will quickly fill the space and be stronger and better in every way for the removal of the old wood4 ,it will also leave less wood and briers to collect and hold dead leaves and grass during winter1 which must be taken out1 at the expense of bleeding fingers1 in the spring4 ,bushes which grow upright with little wood at the base are more easily cared for4 ,only strong1 new growths should be left1 which will break freely and give firm new wood1 producing fine flowers4 ,breaking means the starting of young leaf-buds at the axils of each leaf1 which sprout and form new branches4 ,it is the new wood that bears the flowers1 so that its growth should be encouraged4 ,the fewer shoots allowed to grow the finer will be the flowers4 ,cultivate thoroughly in spring and fall and give a heavy mulch of lawn clippings during summer4 ,mulch heavily with coarse manure in the fall1 digging in the best of it in the spring4 ,it is not necessary to give winter protection1 though it is best to wrap the tops with straw when exposed to cold winds4 ,hardy climbers should have all weak shoots removed1 and branches that are too long shortened4 ,thin out a part of the canes to give room for air and growth1 and remove all wood that has grown too hard to break1 as it will produce no new wood and is only an incumbrance4 ,for the summer rose-bed nothing equals the ,hybrid ,teas1 which bloom from ,june until frost4 ,if young plants are purchased in the spring they may be bedded out at once1 if sent by express with the ball of earth about their roots intact4 ,if sent by mail it will be better to pot off in three-inch pots1 and set in a cool1 rather shady place for a few days1 bringing gradually into the sunshine until they have become established1 when they may be turned out into the open ground without disturbing their roots4 ,if planted at once in the open ground1 the more delicate ones would be likely to perish4 ,give the rose-bed a sunny1 protected situation1 using a soil of good garden loam1 clay1 and old1 well-rotted manure1 made deep and mellow4 ,if the plants are the small mail-order size set one foot apart each way1 planting according to directions for transplanting1 and make the soil very firm and hard about their roots4 ,cultivate frequently1 or mulch with lawn clippings1 working them in as they decay4 ,liquid manure must not be given until the plants are growing vigorously1 when it may be applied once or twice a week4 ,more plants are injured by the injudicious use of fertilisers than in any other way4 ,if two-year-old plants are purchased1 set from eighteen inches to two feet apart each way4 ,see that each plant has a zinc or wooden label securely fastened to it1 or1 what is better1 make a list in their regular order1 or a diagram of the bed in a note-book4 ,this permanent memorandum will enable you to be sure of the name of any particular ,rose4 ,cut ,roses with a liberal amount of the stem1 and only enough pruning will be needed to keep them in good shape and remove any weak growth4 ,it is a good plan to cut them down to a bud that will be likely to throw a good shoot4 ,hardy ,perpetuals or monthly ,roses often fail to give more than a few early spring flowers at the tips of the branches4 ,if the plants are in good condition1 and the branches of some length1 peg the ends down to the ground with a clothes-pin or stick1 as the tendency in ,rose growth is for new wood to start from the highest point4 ,bending the end down brings the highest point at the middle of the branch1 which will then break and bloom4 ,roses1 especially the old hardy kinds1 will often refuse to bloom1 though well cared for and sufficiently pruned4 ,in such cases root-pruning may be resorted to by cutting down on two sides of the plant with the spade and severing a part of the roots4 ,this will often induce bloom when all other methods fail4 ,plants occasionally run to roots as well to tops4 ,so many and varied are the insect enemies that a hardy ,rose1 with even fair foliage1 is rare during the season of bloom1 unless ceaseless warfare has been waged from the first swelling of the buds4 ,slugs1 rose thrip or hopper1 and rose-bugs make the life of the rose-grower a weariness4 ,on this account alone ,i would recommend discarding the ,june ,roses in favour of the ,teas1 which are fairly free from these pests4 ,their dark-green1 healthy foliage is a striking contrast to the worm-eaten1 rusty foliage of the hardy ,rose4 ,the only weakness they show is an occasional tendency to mildew1 and this may be avoided by giving an airy1 sunny situation1 setting far enough apart to insure free circulation of air1 and watering early that the foliage may dry before the chill of night4 ,the remedy is flowers of sulphur dusted over the leaves4 ,illustration3 ,,training ,a ,,climbing ,,rose ,rose-slugs are small green worms that feed on the foliage1 lying on the under side of the leaves1 which they roll around them or draw together with a slight web4 ,the remedy is to spray the under side of the foliage with kerosene emulsion1 or with hot water heated to #adj1 being careful to reach every part1 or to go over the plant leaf by leaf1 pinching the leaves between the fingers and crushing them4 ,the rose hopper1 or thrip1 is a small1 yellowish-white insect feeding on the under side of the leaves1 sucking their juice and causing them to turn yellow4 ,the best remedy is the whale-oil solution sprayed on the under side4 ,for rose bugs1 or beetles1 spraying with ,paris green is quite effective1 but it must be used promptly1 as the amount of injury they can do in a short time is remarkable4 ,after using an insecticide1 the plants should be thoroughly sprayed with clear water1 and if treated with ,paris green label them1 that no one may be poisoned by eating the rose-leaves4 ,roses for pillows should not be gathered from plants that have had any kind of poison used on them4 ,roses kept in the house during winter are sometimes attacked with green lice4 ,they may be treated with tobacco in some of its forms1 or with hot water--dipping the entire plant in a pail of water heated to #acj4 ,i prefer the hot-water treatment1 as it leaves the plant clean and invigorated4 ,few1 if any1 plants are injured by it1 and most are benefited4 ,where there is any question of the effect on a particular plant a single branch may be dipped as an experiment4 ,it is difficult to make any choice of ,roses where all are so beautiful4 ,american ,beauty is probably the most popular crimson ,rose to-day4 ,the ,bride stands first among the whites4 ,kaiserin ,augusta ,victoria is a most desirable hardy white1 and the new rose1 ,virginia ,r4 ,coxe--also offered under the name of ,gruss an ,teplitz--is one of the most desirable reds2 a profuse and constant bloomer with loose-petalled1 medium-sized flowers of the richest scarlet1 shading to glowing velvety crimson4 ,among the climbers ,mrs4 ,robert ,perry is the finest1 an immense1 pure1 creamy white1 quite hardy1 and a free and constant bloomer1 valuable for cut flowers4 ,if one has room for a hundred varieties it is easy to select that number with the certainty that there need not be a poor ,rose among the number4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,rose-,,covered ,,building ,chapter ,,sixteen ,the ,hardy ,lily-bed ,there is no better investment for the garden than a bed of hardy ,lilies1 which should be started in the fall as early as the bulbs may be had4 ,this is often later than is desirable1 but the matter is entirely beyond control4 ,the best that can be done is to get orders for foreign-grown bulbs placed early in the fall4 ,it is not necessary to wait for the new catalogue1 as the old will give the varieties and approximate cost4 ,the main thing is to get in the order early that it may be filled promptly when the bulbs arrive4 ,orders received last are filled last4 ,this means not only considerable delay1 but second choice in bulbs2 the first-comers secure the best1 the last must take the cullings4 ,having ordered your bulbs1 proceed at once to make your beds4 ,better results are obtained by planting ,lilies in beds with fibrous-rooted plants1 hardy shrubs1 and perennials that do not need frequent disturbing4 ,the ,lily is very impatient of moisture1 and water standing around the roots in winter is absolutely fatal4 ,a raised bed of ,peonies affords favourable conditions1 provided there is sufficient room between the plants for the ,lilies to increase from year to year1 as once planted they should not be disturbed4 ,if the ,lily-bed is to be by itself an angle of a building1 or a portion of the grounds protected by trees1 or adjacent shrubbery1 on the west and north1 should be chosen4 ,such a site1 if well drained1 will give good results4 ,the bed should be dug deep and mellow1 and enriched with old1 well-rotted manure4 ,strict attention must be paid to this point--only old1 well-decomposed manure must be used4 ,the bed should be sufficiently rounded to shed water4 ,lilium candidum will be ready to ship in ,august1 and should be planted as soon as received4 ,all ,lilies are greatly injured by exposure to air1 and if it is necessary to keep them out of the ground for any length of time they should be well wrapped in tissue-paper1 or otherwise protected4 ,the ,japanese protect their great auratum ,lily bulbs from the air by encasing them in a ball of clay before starting them on their long journey to the far ,west4 ,candidum ,lilies make a fall growth of leaves1 and must be planted early2 no other ,lily is as hardy and satisfactory with us as this4 ,they should be planted four inches deep and a foot apart each way1 that they may have room to increase1 and left undisturbed for years4 ,the soil may be made very rich with manure1 but none of it should touch the ,lily bulbs4 ,make a hole of sufficient depth and size1 put an inch or more of sand on the bottom1 place the bulbs on this and fill up with the sand1 packing it closely all around the bulb4 ,of the ,japanese ,lilies1 rubrum is most easily grown here and should be planted eight to ten inches deep4 ,planted deep they are not injured by thawing and freezing1 but when too near the surface the frost often throws the bulbs out of the ground4 ,lilies are not injured so much by freezing as by sudden and frequent thawings4 ,as long as the rubrum is doing well it should not be disturbed1 but if it suddenly fails to grow and bloom the bulbs should be taken up when dormant1 and cleansed4 ,remove all decayed scales and look for worm-nests1 which are usually the source of the trouble4 ,ants sometimes make nests in the ,lily bulb in the spring1 and cause the top to decay4 ,when this occurs it should be lifted1 cleaned1 and reset in a place free from ants4 ,the greatest care must be exercised in cleaning bulbs not to injure the sound scales1 as that will only induce further decay4 ,all the speciosum ,lilies are exceedingly beautiful4 ,l4 ,album is one of the finest2 its reflexed flowers are a clear1 sparkling white with a green band through the centre of each petal1 and a peculiar glistening appearance1 as though covered with water4 ,it is one of the most easily grown of the speciosum family4 ,s4 ,roseum is another handsome variety1 white flushed with rose1 and with dull crimson spots on the white ground2 while ,s4 rubrum has large reflexed petals of frosted white1 heavily bearded and spotted with rich crimson1 with many glistening points of white4 ,aside from the speciosum ,lilies there are many other fine ,japanese ,lilies1 the auratums easily leading in size and beauty4 ,while ,krameri is a tube-shaped ,lily of a soft pink2 longiflorum has lovely trumpets of pure white2 the wonderful ,lilium giganteum1 six to ten feet high1 sends up immense clusters of twelve to twenty creamy white flowers1 with purple throat4 ,washingtonianum is another tall variety bearing large clusters of delicate white flowers spotted with black1 and the grand and rare ,brownii shows a chocolate-purple outside with a creamy interior4 ,the list is long1 but with a generous planting of well-selected varieties a succession of bloom may be had from the first blooming longiflorums and candidums in ,june until auratum and the late speciosums cast their ivory petals in ,september4 ,the general treatment of all is the same3 deep planting1 keeping the manure from actual contact with the bulbs by packing in sand2 well-drained soil and the presence of fibrous-rooted or perennial plants near enough to absorb the surplus water from the soil4 ,during the hot weather1 give a heavy mulch of lawn clippings brought well up around the stems1 and water as needed4 ,if planted deep they will hardly require staking1 as the stalks send out surface roots which not only afford nourishment1 but also act as a brace to the plant and hold it firmly in its place4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,portion ,,of ,,the ,,grounds ,,protected ,,by ,,shrubbery ,,is ,,the ,,place ,,for ,,the ,,lily-,,bed ,a heavy mulch of old manure and rough litter should be given in the winter1 and the bed protected with leaves and evergreen boughs1 or anything that will shed water4 ,spring-planted bulbs rarely do well4 ,it is better to plant after severe cold weather sets in than to wait until spring4 ,as long as the ground can be worked they may be planted safely1 but they should be set eight or ten inches deep4 ,i have planted them late in ,december--when the ground had to be broken with an axe--and have had excellent success4 ,the planting of hardy ,lilies should be done on a scale limited only by one's means and the ground at command4 ,a few new and rare sorts should be added every year4 ,in this way a magnificent collection will1 in time1 be acquired1 as they increase very rapidly under favourable conditions1 and the larger the clumps of one kind the finer the effect1 so that each variety should be given abundant room to spread and develop4 ,it is often stated that ,lilies left to themselves place their bulbs near the surface4 ,such bulbs are the small ones that form on the blossom stalk above the main bulb1 and lie near the surface from force of circumstances4 ,the main bulb sends its offshoots deep in the ground1 as in the case of our native ,lilies1 which are almost impossible to dig4 ,especially is this the case with the native ,flame ,lily1 the bulb of which ,i have never been able to reach with a trowel4 ,travellers in ,japan report various native ,lilies growing in forests among the interlacing roots of the trees1 quite out of the reach of any small tools4 ,there the auratum ,lily grows on wooded hillsides where the drainage is perfect1 and the falling leaves give a deep mulch at all times1 and supply the best of nourishment1 leaf-mould1 and the roots of the trees absorb all superfluous moisture4 ,chapter ,,seventeen ,care of ,cannas1 ,caladiums1 ,dahlias1 and ,other ,bulbs during ,winter ,fall ,bulbs1 ,tulips1 ,hyacinths1 ,crocus1 ,scillas1 and the ,like ,the first hard frost in ,september--about the #bjth inst4 at the ,north--is usually followed by a few weeks of mellow fall weather4 ,if one has been so fortunate as to have saved ,cannas1 ,caladiums1 and other tender bulbous plants by night protection or by turning the hose on very early in the morning before the sun reaches them1 they will grow and ripen well in these last warm days4 ,these sudden falls of temperature usually find the gardener unprepared1 and unless water is at hand plants will be cut down by frost4 ,when this happens remove1 with a sharp knife1 the frozen portions1 and consign to the compost heap4 ,if allowed to remain1 these not only give the yard a most untidy appearance1 but the decay is likely to extend to the bulbs4 ,the plants may then be left to ripen in the ground for several days1 according to the weather1 or the necessity of preparing the ground for other plants4 ,dig all roots to be saved on a warm1 sunny day1 and dry in the sun for several days if the weather is fair and warm4 ,cover with blankets at night or leave them on the floor of a sunny room until the earth about their roots is dry1 pack in boxes of dry earth or sand1 and store in a dry1 frost-proof cellar4 ,dahlias and the common tall ,canna are easily wintered in a warm1 dry cellar4 ,the large ,orchid-flowered ,cannas are much more difficult to winter1 and are very apt to dry-rot under the most favourable circumstances4 ,i have found laying on the ground 7under the steam-pipes where they are run outside the cellar7 and covering with dry earth a very good way of handling them4 ,they should be examined occasionally1 and if they seem too dry sprinkle with water4 ,if the ,caladium bulbs show any decay of the centre-shoot all the decayed parts should be pulled off down to sound tissue4 ,parts of ,cannas broken in digging should be removed with a sharp knife4 ,where there is but a small quantity of roots1 shave off the dirt and wrap the tuber in tissue-paper4 ,store on a shelf in a closet1 or other convenient frost-proof place4 ,there is no more uncertain root to carry through the winter4 ,florists often lose their entire stock by decay or dry-rot1 and were it not for this the ,canna would soon become a drug on the market1 and only novelties have a sale4 ,dahlias are much more easily wintered1 doing well in any cellar that will keep potatoes in first-class condition4 ,all roots wintered in cellars should be placed on elevated shelves or tables away from the low temperature of the floor--on a swinging shelf1 if the cellar is frequented by rats and mice4 ,gladioli will keep perfectly if stored in flour-sacks and hung from a beam or post near the ceiling4 ,montbretias may be wintered in the same way4 ,when the ,cannas1 ,caladiums1 and other summer plants are out of the way the beds may be prepared for the fall planting of bulbs for early spring blooming4 ,the vacant foliage-beds on the lawn offer the best place1 as the bulbs will have played their part and passed on by the time these are needed again for the summer occupants4 ,if the beds have been lowered owing to limited water-supply haul on a few wheel-barrow loads of very old manure and earth1 and mix thoroughly with the soil1 raising them sufficiently to shed water4 ,if permanent bulb beds are preferred 7which may be planted with annuals in the summer7 choose an exposure slanting toward the south1 if possible1 as this will insure earlier flowers4 ,see that the soil has good natural drainage1 or1 if this is lacking1 supply it by excavating to a depth of eighteen to thirty inches1 and placing several inches of broken stone or crockery in the bottom for drainage4 ,return the soil to the bed1 making it mellow and fine4 ,the earlier the bulbs are planted the more roots will be started before the ground freezes1 but late fall or winter planting1 providing the ground is not frozen1 is preferable to spring planting4 ,spring-planted bulbs rarely amount to anything1 having lost much of their vitality by being so long out of the ground4 ,a bed facing the south is warmer and earlier than any other1 hence it is sometimes liable to a set-back--if not actual injury--from a sudden sharp frost after the plants have started in the spring1 and the litter should not be wholly removed until it is entirely safe to do so4 ,an ideal bed for early bulbs would be one on the south side of the house1 sloping slightly toward the south1 with a frame around it somewhat higher at the back1 over which a canvas attached to hooks could be drawn on cold nights and days4 ,the frame should be made so that it could be readily lifted on the approach of warm weather4 ,hyacinths1 ,tulips1 and ,narcissi look far better when planted each in a bed by themselves1 as they are not at all in harmony4 ,plant ,hyacinths seven inches apart and four inches deep1 either in beds of vivid colours without other order than a regular distance apart1 or according to some colour arrangement or geometrical design4 ,tulips should be planted four inches apart each way and four inches deep4 ,a good arrangement is to draw lines across the bed forming squares--four inches for ,tulips1 seven for ,hyacinths--and set a bulb at each corner4 ,the centre of the square may be filled with ,crocus or ,scillas1 which will have finished blooming before the larger flowers are out4 ,only ,tulips of the same height and season of bloom should be set together4 ,scillas and ,crocus together make a bed that can hardly be surpassed in bulb planting4 ,the effect is best where only the white ,crocus is blended with the blue of the ,scillas4 ,protect the bulb beds with rough manure1 leaves1 and evergreen boughs during winter4 ,remove the protection gradually in the spring1 and leave the finest of the manure to enrich the soil4 ,when through blooming in the spring1 and the foliage has ripened1 the bulbs may be lifted1 dried1 and stored away in a cool place until fall4 ,all these bulbs increase rapidly1 both by multiplying and by seed4 ,neglected beds of ,tulips seem to multiply and perpetuate themselves indefinitely1 but the new plants will be found to be all from seed1 as the ,tulip forms its new bulbs at the base of the old1 and if they were not frequently taken up and reset they would grow so deep in the ground that all the strength of the plant would be exhausted reaching the surface1 and there would be no bloom4 ,the seedlings make robust plants1 and do not deteriorate materially4 ,the seed formation of the ,crocus is very interesting4 ,if dug a few weeks after its season of bloom is over1 under the ground1 below the blossom1 the stem will be found to have expanded into a long chamber or cell as large around as a lead-pencil and an inch or more in length4 ,open this and it will be found full of exquisite pink pearls2 these are the seeds4 ,as they ripen they become nearly black1 the cell bursts1 and the earth receives them4 ,the ,scilla lengthens its flower-stems until they lie on the ground1 forming large seed-pods filled with white pearls4 ,when the plants are taken up1 if these little seeds are saved the stock will increase much more rapidly4 ,the beds are often wanted for other plants before the foliage has had time to ripen4 ,in that case the bulbs may be lifted and heeled-in1 in some out-of-the-way place1 until ripe1 care being taken to preserve the seed-pods4 ,heeling-in means digging a shallow trench1 laying in the roots of the plants in a row1 and covering them with earth4 ,they must be lifted when ripe and not allowed to grow4 ,a pretty way to grow the ,scilla1 ,crocus1 and ,snowdrop is to scatter them on the lawn in the grass1 planting singly or in clumps4 ,lift the sod with the trowel and slip the bulbs under1 right side up1 leaving them to care for themselves4 ,plant hundreds in this way2 they will be through blooming by the time the grass needs cutting4 ,the various varieties of ,narcissi should be planted in permanent beds or borders1 where they need not be disturbed except as it is necessary to divide them4 ,they should be set four inches deep and twelve inches apart each way1 that they may have room to increase4 ,the new bulbs of ,narcissi form in a cluster around the old1 and unless allowed to develop freely will not bloom4 ,if set the proper distance apart they will need to be taken up but once in four years4 ,do not wait for them to show signs of a crowded condition1 but move on schedule time1 and keep them blooming continuously4 ,all the ,narcissi1 except the ,polyanthus1 are hardy1 and all are lovely--especially the large trumpet sorts4 ,emperor and ,empress1 ,horsfieldi1 and ,sir ,watkin are especially good in the open grounds4 ,poeticus1 ,p4 ornatus1 ,alba plena1 ,odorata1 and ,von ,sion all make beautiful borders4 ,there are a few other bulbs for fall planting that are hardy all over the country4 ,the ,chionodoxa1 ,glory of the ,snow1 is a recent introduction from ,asia ,minor4 ,like the ,scilla it is blue1 a rare and desirable colour in spring flowers4 ,winter ,aconite1 with its tiny1 golden-yellow flowers1 the first of the spring2 ,wood ,hyacinths1 ,dog-tooth ,violets1 ,fritillarias1 ,crown ,imperials1 and ,snowdrops are all worth a place4 ,the bulbs advertised by the seedsmen as hardy in a temperature like that of ,philadelphia may not prove hardy in ,canada1 ,michigan1 ,northern ,illinois1 ,minnesota1 ,wisconsin1 ,dakota1 and this must be borne in mind when purchasing same4 ,the safest way1 when in doubt1 is to address a letter of inquiry to the dealer offering the plants1 in regard to suitability for your particular climate4 ,bulbs for winter blooming4 ,i have come to the conclusion that almost anything will grow and blossom if given the proper care4 ,for the amateur1 whose only field is the sitting-room window1 it is better to undertake only those varieties with which one may be sure of success under ordinary care1 as the ,hyacinth1 ,narcissus1 ,scilla1 ,crocus1 ,anemone1 ,ornithogalum arabicum1 and ,freesia4 ,these are absolutely sure bloomers1 and much more reliable in the matter of producing flowers than a ,geranium4 ,in selecting ,hyacinths the single will generally give better satisfaction than the double1 and there should always be a generous proportion of white among the colours selected4 ,alba superbissima1 ,baroness ,van ,thuyl1 and ,la ,grandesse are among the best whites2 ,norma gigantea1 ,roi des ,belges for pinks and reds2 ,ida is the best yellow2 and ,czar ,peter and ,grand ,lilas the best blues4 ,among the ,narcissi nothing finer than the large trumpet varieties could be desired3 ,horsfieldi1 with its yellow trumpet and snow-white perianth2 ,sir ,watkin1 or the ,giant ,welshman1 as it is sometimes called2 ,empress and ,emperor and the clustered ,paper ,white are all exquisite2 and the old double ,von ,sion is most effective in the window-garden4 ,illustration3 ,,turn ,,out ,,ball ,,of ,,earth ,,to ,,ascertain ,,if ,,pot ,,is ,,filled ,,with ,,roots ,hyacinths and ,narcissi require the same treatment3 ,pot as early in the fall as they can be obtained1 using good compost and sufficient broken charcoal to insure good drainage2 fill to within an inch of the top with the soil1 using a four-inch pot for a single bulb or a six-inch one for three bulbs4 ,place the bulb with the tip slightly above the surface of the soil1 label plainly with name and date of planting1 and set away in a dark box in the cellar for six weeks or more1 or until the pot is well filled with roots2 this can be ascertained by turning the ball of earth out of the pot4 ,if the earth is not well covered with roots return to the box for a few days longer4 ,if there is sufficient root growth place in a warm1 sunny window in a temperature of about #gj4 ,when first potted they should be well watered1 and thereafter kept merely moist1 but on bringing to the light and heat they should have water in the saucer most of the time4 ,when the flowers are fully expanded they may be moved into a cooler1 less sunny window1 where they will remain in perfection much longer4 ,anemones give beautiful winter blossoms and require practically the same treatment as ,hyacinths4 ,the bulbs are placed an inch and a half below the surface4 ,they are queer1 shrivelled-up little things1 with roots which fill up surprisingly after being in the damp soil4 ,when up and growing they require abundant water and sunshine4 ,keep the saucer full of water all the time2 failure in this respect means blasted buds4 ,as ,anemones give a succession of flowers they must be left in the window until through blooming4 ,tulips1 ,crocus1 and ,scillas should be potted and placed out of doors where they will not be disturbed1 covered with earth and left until freezing weather1 when they should be stored in the cellar like other bulbs4 ,it is well in placing bulbs out of doors to set the pots in beds of coal-ashes to prevent the entrance of worms into the soil4 ,they may be covered with ashes instead of earth1 the object being to give them the benefit of the frost4 ,a half dozen ,scillas planted in the centre of one of the large round gourds and surrounded with a border of white ,crocus makes a very pretty show1 and will come into bloom in about three months from the time of planting4 ,the ,ornithogalum is an effective flower1 and quite sure to bloom1 but requires a rather high temperature1 as it is of slow development4 ,freesia bulbs deteriorate very rapidly once they are out of the ground1 and should be ordered early and potted as soon as received4 ,plant a dozen in a five-or six-inch pot1 and set at once in a warm east window1 as these do not need to go to the cellar4 ,the leaves and stalks are very tender1 and will require support1 and this is the greatest objection to the ,freesia4 ,ashes in the soil will counteract this tendency somewhat1 and the wire carnation supports are very neat and satisfactory4 ,alliums1 which have the same defects1 require the same treatment4 ,the varieties of ,oxalis are usually started in a sunny window1 as they require a strong light4 ,like the summer bloomers1 they increase rapidly and need considerable root room4 ,the ,bermuda ,oxalis is lovely in a gourd hanging-basket2 indeed1 a hanging-basket1 or bracket1 is the only suitable arrangement for it1 as it loves to droop and spread itself1 and requires abundant room for its wealth of golden flowers4 ,when through blooming it should be allowed to ripen its foliage4 ,it may then be set in the cellar1 or a cool place1 until ,september1 when the bulbs should be shaken out of the pot and repotted2 one bulb to a four-inch pot4 ,bulbs of hardy plants may be ripened off1 and in the spring planted out in the open ground1 where they will bloom the following spring1 but are valueless for forcing in the house4 ,chapter ,,eighteen ,hardy ,shrubs and ,plants for ,fall ,planting ,in some localities1 especially in the ,south1 the practice of setting out hardy plants in the fall has much to commend it4 ,the mild winters1 during which growth is never entirely checked1 allow the plants to fully establish themselves2 but in the ,northern ,states1 where the severe winters set in early and last long1 the plants do not become sufficiently established to stand the severe cold followed by the hot summer4 ,they sometimes live through the one only to succumb to the other4 ,plants moved from one part of the grounds to another will frequently winter-kill1 while those left undisturbed will be found in excellent condition in the spring4 ,again1 a plant may come through the winter in apparently good condition1 but without sufficient vitality to withstand any severe heat or drought1 and failure to recognise this condition results in loss4 ,plants transplanted in the fall1 however hardy their character1 should receive particular care during the following summer in the matter of water1 cultivation1 and mulching4 ,plants transplanted at any time of year will do better if the top growth is reduced by trimming or cutting back1 and all broken or injured roots removed with a sharp knife4 ,spring-planted shrubs rarely fail to do well if the precaution is observed of moving them while dormant4 ,the only exception ,i need to mention being the various ,irises when purchased from florists4 ,these1 being dug in the fall1 and kept in cold storage during winter1 have their vitality much depleted by spring1 and are then of doubtful value4 ,this is especially true of the ,japanese ,iris2 the ,german and ,english1 being much more hardy1 are not so easily injured4 ,home-grown ,iris would better be moved in the spring4 ,among the desirable shrubs for fall or spring planting are the various ,spiras2 these are both shrubby and herbaceous4 ,of the shrubby variety ,anthony ,waterer is the only really good crimson1 or red1 variety1 and is very fine4 ,the catalogues give it a dwarf character rarely exceeding eighteen inches1 but my own experience with the plant is1 that with rich soil it much exceeds that height4 ,van ,houttei is the finest white sort1 and is especially valuable grown singly on the lawn1 where it may develop its beautiful form to perfection4 ,of the herbaceous ,spiras the filipendula is very desirable for the border or for edging shrubbery4 ,the fern-like foliage1 which is of itself handsome enough to gain recognition1 is surmounted in ,june with spikes of double daisy-like flowers of creamy white4 ,it is very fine for cut flowers1 and for forcing in winter4 ,the clumps increase rapidly1 and should be divided and reset every three or four years4 ,then there is the old-fashioned garden ,spira1 with its pinky-white1 feathery blossoms1 very fragrant--especially when wet with the dew4 ,hypericum ,moserianum is a delightful little perennial1 growing from one to two feet tall2 the flowers are exquisite in form and colour--a clear1 golden yellow lasting well when cut4 ,other hardy yellow flowers are the ,california ,sunflower and ,rudbeckia1 or ,golden ,glow1 both too well known and popular to need eulogy4 ,the ,lychnis 7,rose ,campion7 is another of our herbaceous perennials which has not attracted the notice its good qualities deserve4 ,l4 ,chalcedonica1 its trusses of scarlet rivalling the most vivid ,geranium1 is the best known of the species1 and combines beautifully with ,clematis flammula and ,spira filipendula4 ,planted against a wall covered with the ,clematis1 or contrasted in the border with ,s4 ,japonica1 it is very effective4 ,plant ,l4 semperflorens plenissima with ,deutzia gracilis and ,spira filipendula4 ,planted together in the border they are exquisite4 ,l4 semperflorens is much more delicate than the other ,lychnis1 and cannot be considered entirely hardy at the ,north4 ,it is a very dainty little flower with soft pink1 finely toothed blossoms1 and worth considerable trouble to grow4 ,viscaria 7,ragged ,robin7 has tall spikes of double red1 deliciously scented flowers1 and should find a place in every garden4 ,chalcedonica resembles the scarlet variety except in colour1 which is pure white4 ,it also is quite hardy and needs little care when once established4 ,plant ,iris 7,fleur-de-lis7 generously4 ,they will grow in size and beauty from year to year1 and are valuable for borders along drives or walks1 for the filling of corners or low1 damp spots4 ,by planting the different varieties a succession of bloom1 from ,may until the latter part of ,july1 may be secured4 ,the ,german ,iris furnishes some magnificent colour effects in purple and bronze1 yellow and lavender1 blue and white4 ,the ,japanese are wonderful1 both in colour and size--flowers seven inches in diameter being quite common1 while twelve inches is attained in some instances4 ,the flowers differ so materially in form from other ,iris as to appear a distinct class4 ,unlike the ,german ,iris1 they hold their petals neither erect nor drooping1 but horizontally1 or flat1 making a great disc of lovely colour1 ranging through all the shades of blue1 lilac1 blue and white1 and plum1 to crimson-purple1 magenta1 and pink4 ,they are more tender and less quickly started than the ,german1 but do well when established4 ,a low1 damp spot suits them best1 and where this is not available they should be abundantly supplied with water4 ,german ,iris will do well in any good garden soil and under ordinary cultivation4 ,iris should be taken up and divided every three or four years1 removing all dead or exhausted growth1 and setting one live toe1 or point1 in a place4 ,they will not do well the first year of dividing1 but the following year will be very fine1 especially if there have been enough roots to make several long1 parallel rows4 ,while not troubled with any disease or insect pest1 the moles seem to have an especial liking for the roots of the ,japanese ,iris1 and have caused me much loss4 ,the only preventive is to shut the moles out of the bed by sinking a close wire netting around it to a depth of eighteen inches1 or by making early and persistent use of good mole-traps--one at each end of the row1 or at the spots where they enter and leave the bed4 ,by this method ,i caught ten moles in as many days in the ,iris beds1 and was comparatively free from them the remainder of the season4 ,salt pork or bacon rinds buried in their runs will sometimes drive them away for a time1 but this is not to be depended on1 neither is the presence of ,castor-oil plant1 which1 so far as ,i have observed1 has not the slightest value4 ,the only method is to trap them early in the spring1 before they begin to breed2 setting the trap in the runs from the nest and not in the shallow feeding runs they make close to the surface4 ,these they may not visit again in days1 if at all1 but the main runs1 which usually extend in several directions from their burrows1 and are several inches below the surface1 are traversed several times a day4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,good ,,background ,,for ,,low ,,shrubs ,peonies--what would the spring garden be without these old-time favourites8 ,whatever flowers are lacking in country gardens1 it is rarely these2 and yet1 we seldom see them at their best4 ,they like rich1 well-drained soil in a sunny location1 and once established should remain undisturbed for years1 or until they become so crowded as to need dividing1 as they require several years to recover after being moved1 and only actual necessity should lead to their disturbance1 certainly not the requests of friends and neighbours to dig them up and divide4 ,better buy a root to give away1 if reluctant to refuse1 than injure the plant4 ,mulch the ,peony bed heavily with rough manure in the fall1 removing the coarsest in the spring and working the rest into the soil4 ,a good mulch of lawn clippings during ,july and ,august will keep the soil cool and moist1 and greatly benefit the plants4 ,this should be given before they bloom1 as there is usually heavy rain about that time1 which beats the flowers down into the dirt and ruins them4 ,the ,funkia 7,plantain ,lily71 or ,day ,lily1 as it is commonly called1 is another plant impatient of disturbance2 and once planted it should not be molested4 ,it likes a good1 rich1 mellow soil1 but is not particular as to location1 so that no other plant is near it4 ,though perfectly hardy ,i prefer to give it a little protection in the winter4 ,in the spring cut away the sod from around it the width of the spade1 making the soil fine and mellow1 and working in some old manure4 ,this annual enlarging of its boundaries is all the care it needs to make it grow larger and finer1 year by year1 and bloom profusely4 ,the ,french ,lilacs are to be recommended for liberal planting1 as they are free from the vice of suckering which makes the old-fashioned sort so troublesome4 ,they should be planted wherever they will be useful as backgrounds for lower shrubs1 or perennials1 or in a row along a lane or fence4 ,as the blooming season of the different varieties varies1 by judicious selection they may be had in bloom for several weeks4 ,althas 7,rose of ,sharon7 have the happy notion of blooming when other plants do not1 so they are doubly welcome4 ,as they bloom from the bottom up they should have a place by themselves on the grounds1 where they will make quite tall trees in a few years4 ,the white and light-coloured ones are the most attractive4 ,young trees should be wrapped in straw during winter1 and old ones well mulched with rough litter4 ,chapter ,,nineteen ,winter protection ,when the frost has cut down the flowers1 and robbed the shrubs of their leaves it is time for the fall cleaning of the garden4 ,this should be completed before the leaves begin to fall1 as if left until then they will greatly complicate matters4 ,pull up and consign to the compost heap all annuals1 weeds1 stalks of perennials1 ,lilies1 and ornamental plants1 and the litter used for mulch during summer4 ,this last might be left on were it not for the fact that it is likely to harbour insects which would do mischief4 ,it is therefore better to remove it and work the bed over1 leaving all clean and neat4 ,this is the time to look out for cutworms1 chrysalids1 and the like1 and destroy them4 ,much may be done in this direction4 ,look carefully along the edging between the curbing and the grass where the cutworm lurks4 ,look for the chrysalids of borers in the ground around the ,clematis1 ,cosmos1 ,hollyhocks1 and ,dahlia beds1 and when found destroy them4 ,on the under side of boards1 steps1 and under the edge of the siding of the house will be found the cocoons of the hickory tussock-moth and the cabbage-worm1 all of which should be destroyed4 ,after removing the dead annuals rake over the beds1 leaving them clean and neat4 ,beds of perennials1 ,roses1 bulbs1 and especially of ,lilies and ,peonies1 must be well rounded up to shed water1 as all plants are injured by water standing about their roots4 ,if not already high enough to admit of this1 more earth must be added to raise them sufficiently4 ,the earth from the window-boxes may be used to advantage1 especially for the ,tea-rose bed1 where a foot of mellow earth1 brought well up around the plants and rounded to shed water1 will so protect them that1 though the tops may freeze1 all below the soil will be likely to live4 ,over this should be placed several inches of rough litter or leaves and a frame of rough boards put around the beds and covered with sash1 canvas1 or boards to shed rain4 ,young climbing ,roses should have three or four inches of earth banked up around them2 wrap their tops with straw or sacking1 or old carpet may be drawn over them and tacked to the trellis or support on which they grow4 ,plants under the eaves of the house1 where the water drips1 should have boards arranged to catch and divert it to the lawn4 ,protect equally from the cold winds of winter and the sun2 plants are not injured so much by freezing as by thawing suddenly1 as they must when the sun shines directly upon them4 ,if they thaw gradually1 little if any damage is done1 but sudden thawing ruptures the plant-cells1 causing serious injury4 ,to prevent this and the settling of water about the roots are the points to keep in mind when giving winter protection4 ,for plants whose tops die1 leaves offer an excellent protection--better than manure1 in that they do not scatter seeds of weeds4 ,for plants that form a fall crown of leaves--as the ,hollyhock or ,annunciation ,lily--a box with an open end filled lightly with leaves is satisfactory4 ,close1 air-tight covers1 as boxes1 tin pails1 iron kettles1 and the like1 should never be used to protect plants of any kind4 ,wooden frames covered with wire netting1 and filled loosely with leaves1 allowing the moisture to evaporate rapidly1 have given the best results2 next come frames covered with thin cotton cloth1 then loose boxes with one end knocked out4 ,the idea is to retain the dry leaves around the plant1 protect from sun and cold wind1 and allow the rapid evaporation of any moisture that may collect4 ,wet or frozen leaves around a plant are worse than no protection2 especially is this true in the case of ,myosotis1 ,pansies1 ,carnations1 ,canterbury-bells1 and ,foxglove1 all of which do better in the cold-frames4 ,where these are not available1 recourse may be had to the boxes with netting1 or to evergreen boughs4 ,when filling in about a plant with leaves do it lightly1 as a mass closely packed becomes damp and mouldy1 and kills rather than protects4 ,plants too tall to be covered should be protected with straw or corn-stalks2 cover for some little distance beyond the roots with leaves or litter1 and place straw or corn fodder around them1 bringing it to a point at top1 and tying firmly there and in the middle1 sloping the stalks sufficiently to shed rain4 ,tall ,rosebushes1 young ,althas1 and similar growths1 are much benefited by this form of protection4 ,long beds of plants--as ,japanese ,iris1 ,pansies1 and the like--maybe protected by taking narrow boards eighteen or twenty inches long1 with a notch cut in one end1 the other end being pointed and driven into the ground2 set these at intervals through the centre of the beds2 place the poles lengthwise of the beds1 their ends resting in the notches1 and arrange evergreen boughs across the poles on each side to shed rain4 ,corn fodder may be used where the evergreens cannot be procured1 or a row of pegs may support two boards1 forming a -shaped roof1 which will protect from wind1 sun1 and water equally4 ,protect the ,lily and ,peony beds with a foot of leaves and rough1 old manure4 ,rhododendrons1 at the ,north1 must have both roots and tops protected if there is to be any bloom the following year4 ,muslin-covered frames and leaves will do this best4 ,great care must be taken not to break off the buds1 which are exceedingly brittle4 ,frames with removable lids that will admit of filling in gradually1 and allow the leaves to settle before finishing1 are best4 ,pile leaves around the roots of ,clematis1 and stretch sacking or other cloth over the trellises on which they grow4 ,protect in the same way ,english ,ivy and ,ampelopsis ,veitchi while young4 ,a northwest angle of a building affords very good protection4 ,chapter ,,twenty ,care of ,house-plants ,in ,winter ,plants for winter blooming should be brought into the house before the nights get chilly4 ,by becoming gradually accustomed to the air of the house before the doors are closed and the fires started1 they will be less affected by the change4 ,do not crowd into the window more plants than it can conveniently hold4 ,plants must have room to breathe and grow1 and abundant light4 ,no plant should touch its neighbours4 ,even with this amount of room at the start they will be badly crowded before spring1 and it will probably be necessary to remove some4 ,shelves1 brackets1 and stands should be in place before the plants are brought in1 as changing about and handling are bad for them4 ,plants with tender foliage1 as ,cinerarias1 ,primulas1 and the like1 do best on a window-bracket1 and the capacity of the window is greatly increased by the use of brackets4 ,plants with drooping leaves should have single brackets1 to avoid contact with other plants4 ,the ,bougainvillea1 also1 does better on a bracket1 being of a trailing habit4 ,it is not1 however1 a good winter bloomer1 usually coming in late in ,march and continuing until ,december1 but it is very reliable during that time and requires less care than any house-plant with which ,i am familiar1 unless it be the ,araucaria4 ,see that all shelves are securely fastened1 and strong enough to sustain the weight to be placed upon them4 ,the additional protection of a small brass chain fastening the outer edge of the shelf to the window-casing above it will ease the strain on the brackets and give greater security4 ,see that all hanging-baskets are securely hung with copper wire1 and that there is no danger of the hooks from which they are suspended pulling out4 ,do not start in with a number of plants the requirements of which are entirely unknown4 ,where conditions for their proper care are not obtainable it will be wiser to content one's self with familiar plants offering a reasonable hope of success1 as ,geraniums1 ,hyacinths1 or ,primroses4 ,a healthy1 vigorous plant1 however common1 is preferable to a sickly one1 be it ever so rare4 ,a fair degree of atmospheric moisture should be maintained by keeping a dish of water on stove1 register1 or radiator4 ,where bulbs are grown a healthy degree of humidity is secured by evaporation and transpiration as shown by moisture gathering on the glass when the temperature falls4 ,moisture in the soil is a more difficult matter1 and greater harm is done through ignorance in this particular than in any other way4 ,either plants are allowed to suffer for water1 or they are drenched indiscriminately4 ,all are watered alike1 irrespective of individual need1 whereas the requirements of each should be studied4 ,a few plants1 natives of bogs--as the ,calla--require constant moisture when growing4 ,heliotrope1 on the other hand1 turns yellow when over-watered4 ,water should be applied thoroughly when given and then withheld until the plant is nearly dry again4 ,this induces a stocky growth1 with well-ripened wood1 capable of producing healthy bloom4 ,to keep a plant constantly wet may produce a quick growth1 but it will be a soft one1 incapable of the best results4 ,flower-pots should not be filled to the brim with earth1 but sufficient space should be left to hold enough water to thoroughly saturate the soil in each pot--a full inch or more in the case of six-inch pots1 and at least half an inch for small pots4 ,the soil must be sufficiently open to take the water quickly4 ,heliotrope1 and some other plants1 form a thick network of roots1 which the water cannot penetrate readily1 and channels should be opened through them with a pencil or stick4 ,see that the water really penetrates the soil instead of merely passing between the ball of earth and the pot4 ,hanging-baskets of wire and moss are best watered by setting in a large pail until thoroughly soaked4 ,one such watering will last a week1 unless the room is very hot and dry4 ,illustration3 ,,plants ,,for ,,late ,,winter ,,blooming ,,should ,,be ,,brought ,,into ,,the ,,house ,,before ,,fall ,give sun-loving plants all the sunshine possible4 ,geraniums especially love to be close to the glass1 and the difference is quickly seen in the quality of the blossoms4 ,shower every day1 if possible1 especially such plants as ,heliotropes1 ,cinerarias1 ,cyclamen1 ,lantanas1 and1 if not once a day1 at least once a week4 ,dipping the entire plant in a tub of quite warm water is a great benefit1 as in that way every part of the plant is reached4 ,i do not especially approve of the advice so constantly given to 8keep an old fork handy to stir the soil1 that the roots may have air40 ,the leaves are the lungs of the plants1 and if these are kept clean there will be no trouble about their breathing4 ,moreover1 if necessary to get air to the roots1 stirring the soil would be a very poor way to do it1 as cultivation of the surface is intended to keep air out and moisture in4 ,to this end we make a dry mulch over flower-beds and the farmer cultivates his corn in a 8dry spell10 knowing that the formation of a dry crust will result in the rapid evaporation of the moisture in the soil1 the dry air shrinking the soil and opening up its pores1 as it were1 letting the hot air in and the moisture out4 ,this advantage the practice has3 it counteracts any tendency to sourness in the soil1 and should be resorted to whenever there is any suspicion of this1 or when the earth in which tender or succulent-stemmed plants are growing seems hard and will not take water readily4 ,the ,amaryllis objects to this disturbance1 and hard-wooded plants1 which require firm potting1 should not be disturbed by more than the merest scratching of the surface4 ,give support to such plants as need it1 promptly2 failure in this respect may result in the loss of a cherished blossom1 or the disfigurement of a plant4 ,pinch back all weak and straggling growths1 trimming the plants to grow stocky and symmetrical4 ,avoid1 as far as possible1 a sudden change of temperature1 as a sudden chill will greatly injure some plants1 though they may not be actually frozen4 ,plants may be left in the window as long as the glass is not frosted1 but at the slightest appearance of frost they must be moved back out of actual contact with the glass4 ,the thermometer drops suddenly at times1 and plants that were considered quite safe at night may be found frozen in the morning4 ,when the thermometer in the window indicates a safe temperature and that outside a stationary one1 though very low1 the plants may be left where they are2 but beware of falling temperature1 and protect with several thicknesses of newspaper between the plants and the window1 bringing it well out beyond the window-frames4 ,all cracks between the sash and casing should be carefully sealed with strips of cloth or paper1 the colour of the woodwork1 neatly pasted over1 effectually shutting out draughts4 ,this alone will help immensely in protecting plants1 and storm-windows are safe and save much trouble4 ,fresh air1 which plants must have1 should be supplied through another room1 where it will be warmed before reaching them4 ,a screen1 so placed as to cut off draughts when a door is opened to air the room1 will be found a great convenience4 ,when plants are frozen they should be thawed very gradually4 ,darken the room and keep the temperature low1 raising it gradually4 ,if1 however1 the plants are in a living-room1 where the temperature cannot conveniently be kept low for any length of time1 remove them to the cellar until the frost is drawn out of them1 when1 if not too badly damaged1 they may be returned to the window and encouraged to grow4 ,geraniums are rarely injured by one freezing1 the loss of the leaves being the chief damage1 and if the plants are returned at once to the window this may prove an advantage1 as wherever a leaf falls a new shoot will usually be forced1 making the plant much more stocky and thrifty4 ,during an unusually severe storm1 a ,geranium left in the window of a room away from direct heat was badly frosted4 ,as it was not a very choice variety no effort was made to save it4 ,the room was closed1 and a temperature of #ab below zero reigned for several days4 ,when the weather moderated and the temperature rose to #cb the room was opened and warmed1 the ,geranium remaining on its shelf4 ,in a few days1 seemingly1 the axil of every vanished leaf had bourgeoned into tender green1 and in a short time the ,geranium was as thrifty as ever1 blossoming better the following summer than at any time before4 ,favourable growing conditions should be given as soon after freezing as possible1 that all the vitality may be utilised and not wasted to sustain life in the unfavourable conditions existing in cellars4 ,showering with1 and dipping in1 cold water slightly above freezing are also good for frosted plants2 #cc is about right1 as a higher temperature will be apt to precipitate the evil it is desired to avoid--the rupture of the plant-cells4 ,the freezing of the soil in pots1 which often happens with bulbs or plants kept quite wet1 does no particular harm1 and no attention need be paid to it as long as the tops are not frozen4 ,remember that heat rises1 and that the upper sash of a window is many degrees warmer than the lower1 so that by having an upper shelf you can grow plants requiring a much higher temperature than those on the lower shelf4 ,for the same reason hanging-baskets require much more water than plants on low shelves1 and should be showered frequently to counteract the dryer atmosphere4 ,a rubber sprinkler is indispensable for this purpose2 by its use flowers may be sufficiently showered every day to keep back red spiders and materially change the atmosphere4 ,compost1 sand1 old manure1 and drainage material should be prepared in the fall and put in a frost-proof place ready for any repotting that may be necessary during the winter1 and for the early sowing of seeds in the house4 ,in another chapter will be found formulas for the various insecticides required for the extermination of the pests likely to attack plants in the close1 dry air of the living-room4 ,if attention is paid to the supply of fresh air and moisture little1 if any1 trouble will be experienced on this score4 ,plants coming into bloom will require some fertiliser1 and as there are objections to the use of manure-water in the house the following formula will be found very satisfactory3 ,get at the druggist's one and a half pounds 7or ounces7 nitrate of soda1 one-half pound 7or ounce7 phosphate of soda1 and one pound 7or ounce7 sulphate of potash4 ,mix and pulverise the material thoroughly4 ,when required for use put a rounding tablespoonful of this mixture in a gallon of hot water4 ,to fertilise the plants put a teacupful of the water1 when cool1 on a six-inch pot1 and more in proportion on larger pots4 ,do not use oftener than once in two weeks1 and do not let it touch the foliage4 ,all the ,asparagus group are benefited by the use of a good fertiliser1 especially is this the case with ,a4 ,sprengeri1 which makes a root growth so vigorous that it would be unmanageable were it not for the use of fertilisers1 which make it possible to keep it within reasonable bounds4 ,begonias1 on the other hand1 are usually injured by the use of fertilisers4 ,chapter ,,twenty-,,one ,common and ,english ,names of ,flowers ,where a plant has a double name--as ,hypericum ,moserianum--only the first will be given1 as it will be indexed in the catalogues that way4 ,abyssinian ,banana1 ,see ,musa4 ,adam's ,needle1 ,see ,yucca4 ,alleghany ,vine1 ,see ,adlumia4 ,alum ,root1 ,see ,heuchera4 ,american ,cowslip1 ,see ,dodecatheon4 ,american ,senna1 ,see ,cassia4 ,amethyst1 ,see ,browallia4 ,artillery ,plant1 ,see ,pilea4 ,aurora's ,bower1 ,see ,gaillardia4 ,australian ,glory ,pea1 ,see ,clianthus4 ,baby's ,breath1 ,see ,gypsophila4 ,bachelor's ,button1 ,see ,globe ,amaranth4 ,balsam ,apple1 ,see ,momordica4 ,balsam ,pear1 ,see ,momordica4 ,banana ,shrub1 ,see ,magnolia4 ,barrenwort1 ,see ,epimedium4 ,basket of ,gold1 ,see ,alyssum4 ,bath ,flower1 ,see ,trillium4 ,beard ,tongue1 ,see ,pentstemon4 ,bird's ,nest ,fern1 ,see ,aspidium ,nidus-,avis4 ,bishop's ,weed1 ,see gopodium4 ,black-eyed ,susan1 ,see ,thunbergia4 ,bleeding ,heart1 ,see ,dicentra4 ,blood ,flower1 ,see ,hmanthus4 ,bluebottle1 ,see ,centaurea4 ,bluebottle1 ,see ,grape ,hyacinth4 ,blue ,leadwort1 ,see ,plumbago4 ,blue ,lyme ,grass1 ,see ,elymus4 ,blue ,salvia1 ,see ,s4 patens4 ,blue ,vetch1 ,see ,grape ,hyacinth4 ,bluet1 ,see ,houstonia4 ,boston ,ivy1 ,see ,ampelopsis4 ,bowman's ,root1 ,see ,gillenia4 ,bugle1 ,see ,ajuga4 ,bugle ,vine1 ,see ,calampelis4 ,burning ,bush1 ,see ,euonymus4 ,butterfly ,flower1 ,see ,centrosema4 ,butterfly ,flower1 ,see ,schizanthus4 ,butterfly ,orchid1 ,see ,epidendrum4 ,butterfly ,weed1 ,see ,asclepias4 ,calico ,bush1 ,see ,kalmia4 ,california ,poppy1 ,see ,eschscholtzia4 ,canterbury ,bell1 ,see ,campanula4 ,cape ,hyacinth1 ,see ,h4 candicans4 ,cardinal ,flower1 ,see ,lobelia4 ,castor ,bean1 ,see ,ricinus4 ,cheneil ,plant1 ,see ,acalypha4 ,chilian ,glory ,flower1 ,see ,eccremocarpus4 ,chimney ,bell ,flower1 ,see ,campanula4 ,chinese ,bell ,flower1 ,see ,platycodon4 ,chinese ,lantern ,plant1 ,see ,physalis4 ,chinese ,matrimony ,vine1 ,see ,lycium4 ,chinese ,paper ,plant1 ,see ,bougainvillea4 ,christmas ,berry1 ,see ,ardisia4 ,christmas ,rose1 ,see ,helleborus4 ,cinnamon ,vine1 ,see ,dioscorea4 ,cinquefoil1 ,see ,potentilla4 ,climbing ,fumitory1 ,see ,adlumia4 ,climbing ,hawthorn1 ,see ,actinidia4 ,cock's ,comb1 ,see ,celosia4 ,columbine1 ,see ,aquilegia4 ,cone ,flower1 ,see ,rudbeckia4 ,coral ,plant1 ,see ,erythrina4 ,corn ,flower1 ,see ,centaurea4 ,cowslip1 ,see ,primula4 ,crane's ,bill1 ,see ,geranium4 ,creeping ,mallow1 ,see ,callirhoe4 ,crown ,vetch1 ,see ,coronilla4 ,cruel ,plant1 ,see ,physianthus4 ,cup-and-,saucer ,plant1 ,see ,campanula4 ,cup-and-,saucer ,vine1 ,see ,coba4 ,cup ,flower1 ,see ,nierembergia4 ,cushion ,pink1 ,see ,armeria4 ,dark ,mullen1 ,see ,verbascum4 ,day ,lily1 ,see ,hemerocallis4 ,devil-in-the-,bush1 ,see ,nigella4 ,double ,buttercup1 ,see ,ranunculus4 ,dropwort1 ,see ,spira4 ,duck ,plant1 ,see ,aristolochia4 ,dutchman's ,breeches1 ,see ,dielytra4 ,dutchman's ,pipe1 ,see ,aristolochia4 ,dusty ,miller1 ,see ,centaurea4 ,dusty ,miller1 ,see ,cineraria4 ,edelweiss1 ,see ,gnaphalium4 ,emerald ,feather1 ,see ,asparagus4 ,english ,daisy1 ,see ,bellis4 ,evening ,glory1 ,see ,ipoma4 ,evening ,primrose1 ,see nothera4 ,everlasting1 ,see ,acroclinium4 ,everlasting1 ,see ,ammobium4 ,everlasting1 ,see ,globe ,amaranth4 ,everlasting1 ,see ,helichrysum4 ,everlasting1 ,see ,lathyrus4 ,everlasting1 ,see ,rhodanthe4 ,everlasting1 ,see ,xeranthemum4 ,fair ,maids of ,france1 ,see ,ranunculus4 ,false ,chamomile1 ,see ,boltonia4 ,false ,dragon ,head1 ,see ,physostegia4 ,false ,indigo1 ,see ,baptisia4 ,feverfew1 ,see ,matricaria4 ,fire on the ,mountain1 ,see ,euphorbia4 ,flame ,flower1 ,see ,tritoma4 ,fleur de ,lis1 ,see ,iris4 ,flora's ,paint ,brush1 ,see ,cacalia4 ,florida ,rattle ,box1 ,see ,crotolaria4 ,floss ,flower1 ,see ,ageratum4 ,flowering ,currant1 ,see ,ribes4 ,flowering ,dogwood1 ,see ,cornus4 ,flowering ,maple1 ,see ,abutilon4 ,flowering ,sage1 ,see ,salvia4 ,flowering ,spurge1 ,see ,euphorbia4 ,forget-me-not1 ,see ,myosotis4 ,fountain ,plant1 ,see ,acalypha4 ,four-o'clock1 ,see ,marvel of ,peru4 ,fringe ,flower1 ,see ,schizanthus4 ,garden ,flower1 ,see ,schizanthus4 ,gardener's ,garter1 ,see ,phalaris4 ,garland ,flower1 ,see ,daphne4 ,gas ,plant1 ,see ,dictamnus4 ,gay ,feather1 ,see ,liatris4 ,gilliflower1 ,see ,cheiranthus4 ,globe ,flower1 ,see ,trollius4 ,glory ,pea of ,australia1 ,see ,clianthus4 ,goat's ,beard1 ,see ,spira4 ,gold ,lack1 ,see ,wall ,flower4 ,golden ,bush ,pea1 ,see ,crotolaria4 ,golden ,feather1 ,see ,pyrethrum4 ,golden ,honey ,bell1 ,see ,mahernia4 ,golden-leaved ,elder1 ,see ,sambucus4 ,golden ,rod1 ,see ,solidago4 ,golden ,tuft1 ,see ,alyssum4 ,great ,reed1 ,see ,arundo ,donax4 ,great ,sea ,lavender1 ,see ,limonium4 ,groundsel1 ,see ,glechoma4 ,hawk's ,beard1 ,see ,crepis4 ,holly ,fern1 ,see ,cyrtomium4 ,honey ,bell1 ,see ,mahernia4 ,horn of ,plenty1 ,see ,datura4 ,horned ,poppy1 ,see ,glaucium4 ,horse ,mint1 ,see ,monarda4 ,house ,leek1 ,see ,sempervivum4 ,humble ,plant1 ,see ,mimosa4 ,hyacinth ,clematis1 ,see ,clematis ,davidiana4 ,jacobean ,lily1 ,see ,amaryllis4 ,jacob's ,ladder1 ,see ,polemonium4 ,japan ,quince1 ,see ,pyrus4 ,japanese ,bell ,flower1 ,see ,platycodon4 ,japanese ,beni1 ,see ,caryopteris4 ,japanese ,hop1 ,see ,humulus4 ,japanese ,ivy1 ,see ,ampelopsis4 ,japanese ,primrose1 ,see ,cortusoidea4 ,japanese ,primrose1 ,see ,primula4 ,japanese ,virgin's ,bower1 ,see ,clematis4 ,japanese ,winter ,cherry1 ,see ,physalis4 ,jerusalem ,cherry1 ,see ,solanum4 ,jerusalem ,cross1 ,see ,lychnis4 ,kenilworth ,ivy1 ,see ,linaria4 ,lady ,washington1 ,see ,pelargonium4 ,larkspur1 ,see ,delphinium4 ,lavender ,cotton1 ,see ,santolina4 ,lawn ,pearlwort1 ,see ,spergula4 ,lemon ,verbena1 ,see ,verbena4 ,leopard ,plant1 ,see ,farfugium4 ,lilac1 ,see ,syringa4 ,lily of the ,palace1 ,see ,agapanthus4 ,lily of the ,palace1 ,see ,amaryllis4 ,little ,bo-,peep1 ,see ,antirrhinum4 ,liverwort1 ,see ,hepatica4 ,london ,tufts1 ,see ,sweet ,william4 ,look at ,me1 ,see ,centrosema4 ,love ,grove1 ,see ,nemophila4 ,love in a ,mist1 ,see ,nigella4 ,love ,lies ,bleeding1 ,see ,amaranthus4 ,lungwort1 ,see ,martensia4 ,madagascar ,periwinkle1 ,see ,vinca4 ,maidenhair ,fern1 ,see ,adiantum4 ,mallow1 ,see ,hibiscus4 ,maltese ,cross1 ,see ,lychnis4 ,mariposa ,lily1 ,see ,calochortus4 ,marsh ,mallow1 ,see ,hibiscus4 ,meadow ,beauty1 ,see ,rhexia4 ,meadow ,sage1 ,see ,salvia4 ,meadow ,star1 ,see ,spira4 ,mexican ,fire ,plant1 ,see ,euphorbia4 ,mexican ,lily1 ,see ,amaryllis4 ,michaelmas ,daisies1 ,see ,aster4 ,monkey ,flower1 ,see ,mimulus4 ,monkshood1 ,see ,aconitum4 ,moon ,flower1 ,see ,ipoma4 ,moonpenny ,daisy1 ,see ,chrysanthemum4 ,moonwort1 ,see ,honesty4 ,morning ,glory1 ,see ,ipoma4 ,mosses1 ,see ,selaginellas4 ,moss ,pink1 ,see ,phlox4 ,moss ,verbena1 ,see ,verbena4 ,mother of ,thousands1 ,see ,saxifrage4 ,mountain ,fleece1 ,see ,polygonum4 ,mountain ,fringe1 ,see ,adlumia4 ,mountain ,laurel1 ,see ,kalmia4 ,mourning ,bride1 ,see ,scabiosa4 ,mouse-ear ,chickweed1 ,see ,cerastium4 ,moustache ,plant1 ,see ,caryopteris4 ,musk ,plant1 ,see ,mimulus4 ,old ,maid1 ,see ,vinca4 ,old ,man1 ,see ,artemesia4 ,old ,woman1 ,see ,artemesia4 ,orchid ,vine1 ,see ,stigmaphyllon4 ,oriental ,poppy1 ,see ,papaver4 ,oswego ,tea1 ,see ,monarda4 ,painted ,daisy1 ,see ,chrysanthemum4 ,painted ,leaf1 ,see ,euphorbia4 ,painted ,tongue1 ,see ,salpiglossis4 ,pampas ,grass1 ,see ,gynerium4 ,pancratium1 ,see ,ismene 7in part74 ,paris ,daisy1 ,see ,chrysanthemum4 ,passion ,flower1 ,see ,passiflora4 ,peacock ,flower1 ,see ,tigridia4 ,pearl ,bush1 ,see ,exochorda4 ,peppermint1 ,see ,mentha4 ,periwinkle1 ,see ,vinca4 ,persian ,daisy1 ,see ,pyrethrum4 ,pheasant's ,eye1 ,see ,adonis4 ,pincushion ,flower1 ,see ,scabiosa4 ,pinks1 ,see ,dianthus4 ,plantain ,lily1 ,see ,funkia4 ,plume ,poppy1 ,see ,bocconia4 ,pot of ,gold1 ,see ,calendula4 ,purple ,bells1 ,see ,rhodochiton4 ,purple ,fountain1 ,see ,pennisetum4 ,purple ,grass1 ,see ,pennisetum4 ,purple-leaved ,plum1 ,see ,prunus4 ,queen ,lily1 ,see ,amaryllis4 ,ragged ,robin1 ,see ,lychnis4 ,ragged ,sailor1 ,see ,centaurea4 ,red-hot ,poker1 ,see ,tritoma4 ,rock ,cress1 ,see ,arabis4 ,rock ,madwort1 ,see ,alyssum4 ,rose ,campion1 ,see ,lychnis4 ,rose of ,heaven1 ,see ,agrostemma4 ,rubber ,plant1 ,see ,ficus4 ,sage ,palm1 ,see ,cycas4 ,st4 ,john's ,wort1 ,see ,hypericum4 ,st4 ,bernard's ,lily1 ,see ,liliago4 ,sand ,root1 ,see ,arenaria4 ,sand ,verbena1 ,see ,verbena4 ,scarbrough ,lily1 ,see ,valletta4 ,scarlet ,flax1 ,see ,linum4 ,scarlet-fruited ,gourd1 ,see ,bryonopsis1 or ,gourds4 ,scarlet ,sage1 ,see ,salvia4 ,sea ,holly1 ,see ,armeria4 ,sea ,pink1 ,see ,armeria4 ,seal ,flower1 ,see ,dielytra4 ,segar ,plant1 ,see ,cuphea4 ,sensitive ,plant1 ,see ,mimosa4 ,shaking ,fern1 ,see ,pteris4 ,shell ,flower1 ,see ,tigridia4 ,shooting ,star1 ,see ,dodecatheon4 ,shrubby ,honeysuckle1 ,see ,lonicera4 ,silk ,oak1 ,see ,grevillea4 ,silver ,bells1 ,see ,halesia4 ,slipper ,flower1 ,see ,calceolaria4 ,smoke ,tree1 ,see ,rhus4 ,snapdragon1 ,see ,antirrhinum4 ,sneezewort1 ,see ,helenium4 ,snowball1 ,see ,viburnum4 ,snowberry1 ,see ,symphoricarpos4 ,snow in ,summer1 ,see ,cerastium4 ,snow on the ,mountain1 ,see ,euphorbia4 ,southern ,wood1 ,see ,abrotanum4 ,speedwell1 ,see ,veronica4 ,spider ,plant1 ,see ,cleome4 ,spike ,grass1 ,see ,uniola4 ,spring ,beauty1 ,see ,claytonia4 ,starworts1 ,see ,asters4 ,stone ,crop1 ,see ,sedum4 ,straw ,flower1 ,see ,helichrysum4 ,sulphur ,fern1 ,see ,gymnogramma4 ,sunflower1 ,see ,helianthus4 ,sun ,plant1 ,see ,portulaca4 ,swan ,river ,daisy1 ,see ,brachycome4 ,swan ,river ,everlasting1 ,see ,rhodanthe4 ,sweet ,olive1 ,see ,olea4 ,sweet ,sultan1 ,see ,centaurea4 ,tassel ,flower1 ,see ,cacalia4 ,thrift1 ,see ,armeria4 ,toad ,flax1 ,see ,linaria4 ,toad ,lily1 ,see ,castalia4 ,tobacco ,plant1 ,see ,nicotiana4 ,torch ,lily1 ,see ,tritoma4 ,tree ,celandine1 ,see ,bocconia4 ,trumpet ,flower1 ,see ,datura4 ,trumpet ,vine1 ,see ,bignonia4 ,umbrella ,plant1 ,see ,cyperus4 ,variegated ,comfrey1 ,see ,symphytum4 ,venus' ,looking-,glass1 ,see ,campanula4 ,virgin's ,bower1 ,see ,clematis4 ,wake ,robin1 ,see ,trillium4 ,waxhaw1 ,see ,euonymus4 ,wax ,plant1 ,see ,hoya4 ,wax ,plant1 ,see ,mesembryanthemum4 ,white ,fringe1 ,see ,chionanthus4 ,whitlow ,grass1 ,see ,draba4 ,wild ,cucumber1 ,see ,echinocystis4 ,wind ,flower1 ,see ,anemone4 ,winged ,everlasting1 ,see ,ammobium4 ,wolf's-bane1 ,see ,aconitum4 ,wood ,lily1 ,see ,trillium4 ,woodruff1 ,see ,asperula4 ,yellow ,flax1 ,see ,linum4 ,youth and ,old ,age1 ,see ,zinnia4 ,zanzibar ,balsam1 ,see ,impatiens4 ,zebra ,grass1 ,see ,eulalia4 ,time ,for ,germination of ,seeds ,from ,three to ,five ,days ,ageratum1 ,ammobium1 ,aster1 ,celosia1 ,centaurea1 ,chrysanthemums1 ,cypress ,vine1 ,gilla1 ,hollyhock1 ,lavatera1 ,layia ,elegans1 ,leptosyne ,maritima1 ,marigold1 ,mimulus1 ,mina lobata1 ,salvia1 ,sedum1 ,silene ,shasta1 ,spherogyne1 ,stevia1 ,stock--ten week1 ,sweet ,william1 ,tradescantia1 ,trifolium1 ,tunica1 ,verbascum1 ,veronica1 ,virginian ,stock1 ,viscaria1 ,vittadinia1 ,whitlavia1 ,zinnia4 ,in ,five to ,seven ,days4 ,acacia1 ,amaranthus1 ,arabis ,alpina1 ,beta1 ,brompton ,stock1 ,bromus1 ,browallia1 ,candytuft1 ,cannabis1 ,carnations1 ,centaurea1 ,chelone1 ,chrysanthemum ,indicum1 ,cineraria1 ,clitoria1 ,coleus1 ,coreopsis ,lanceolata1 ,crucianella1 ,cuphea1 ,cynoglossum1 ,dahlia1 ,daisy1 ,eschscholtzia1 ,eupatorium1 ,gaillardia1 ,geranium1 ,gypsophila1 ,hablitzia1 ,helenium1 ,helianthus1 ,helichrysum1 ,hibiscus1 ,iberis ,gibraltarica1 ,linaria ,reticulata1 ,lobelia1 ,lupinus1 ,lychnis1 ,malva ,moschata1 ,mathiola1 ,mesembryanthemum1 ,mignonette1 ,morning ,glory1 ,nicotiana1 ,picotee1 ,pink1 ,salpiglossis1 ,in ,eight to ,ten ,days ,abutilon1 ,achimenes1 ,agrostemma1 ,antirrhinum1 ,armeria1 ,balsams1 ,begonia1 ,calceolaria1 ,campanula1 ,annual1 ,canna1 ,capsicum1 ,commelina ,clestis1 ,deutzia1 ,digitalis1 ,dracocephalum1 ,erianthus1 ,gaura1 ,gloxinia1 ,gnaphalium1 ,hibiscus ,syriacus1 ,humulus ,japonica1 ,kaulfussia1 ,lychnis1 ,morina1 ,pansy1 ,pansy1 ,viola1 ,papaver1 ,pentstemon1 ,petunia1 ,phacelia1 ,phlox ,drummondi1 ,poinsettia1 ,potentilla1 ,pyrethrum1 ,rudbeckia1 ,thunbergia1 ,tropolum1 ,valeriana1 ,verbena1 ,zea4 ,in ,ten to ,twelve ,days ,achillea1 ,alonsoa1 ,alyssum ,saxatile1 ,anchusa1 ,aquilegia1 ,argemone1 ,artemisia1 ,asphodelus1 ,aubrietia1 ,bidens1 ,calandrinia1 ,calonyction1 ,campanula1 ,feverfew1 ,galtonia1 ,geum1 ,gypsophila1 ,helianthemum1 ,linaria1 ,ipomopsis1 ,scutellaria1 ,silphium1 ,spira4 ,in ,twelve to ,fifteen ,days ,anemone ,sylvestris1 ,antigonon1 ,asters1 ,per41 ,callirhoe1 ,campanula ,tenorei1 ,datura1 ,didiscus1 ,gazanopsis1 ,gourds1 ,hunnemannia1 ,lantana1 ,mandevillea1 ,maurandya1 ,myosotis1 ,nicotiana1 ,nierembergia1 ,peas1 ,perilla1 ,petunia1 ,double1 ,platycodon1 ,polemonium1 ,ranunculus1 ,ricinus1 ,thalictrum1 ,torenia1 ,verbena ,venosa4 ,in ,fifteen to ,twenty ,days ,acanthus1 ,agapanthus1 ,anemone1 ,antigonon1 ,armeria ,maritima1 ,calla1 ,coba1 ,cuphea1 ,dictamnus1 ,geranium ,sanguineum1 ,heliotrope1 ,hemerocallis1 ,impatiens ,sultana1 ,iris1 ,liatris ,spicata1 ,primula ,sinensis1 ,rivina ,humilis1 ,smilax1 ,boston1 ,solanum ,robustum4 ,in ,twenty to ,thirty-five ,days ,adlumia1 ,baptisia ,australis1 ,berberis ,vulgaris1 ,campanula ,fragilis1 ,campanula ,leutweiana1 ,campanula ,macrantha1 ,campanula ,nobilis1 ,clematis ,diversifolia1 ,clematis ,integrifolia1 ,clianthus ,dampieri1 ,delphinium ,nudicaule1 ,funkia1 ,gentiana ,acaulis1 ,hibiscus ,speciosa1 ,humea ,elegans1 ,musa ,ensete1 ,phlox1 ,perennial1 ,phormium1 ,physianthus1 ,tritoma ,uvaria1 ,yucca4 ,one ,year or ,more ,adlumia1 ,ampelopsis1 ,anthericum1 ,clematis1 in variety1 ,dictamnus1 ,fuchsia1 ,geranium ,sanguineum1 ,iris1 ,lilies1 ,lupinus ,polyphyllus1 ,musa1 ,tradescantia1 ,viola ,odorata4 ,in the foregoing tables it will be observed that a flower occasionally appears in two or more sections4 ,when this occurs1 the first date indicates the time in which strong and fresh seed should germinate in flats in the house1 or in hotbeds2 the latter indicates the time for old seed1 under less favourable conditions1 and marks the limit of time in which plants may be expected4 ,chapter ,,twenty-,,two ,blooming ,season of ,various ,trees1 ,shrubs1 and ,plants ,t4--,tree4 ,s4--,shrub4 ,v4--,vine4 ,h4 ,p4--,hardy ,perennial4 ,a4--,annual4 ,h4 ,h4 ,p4--,hardy ,herbaceous ,perennial4 ,e4--,evergreen4 ,april ,akebia ,quinata ,h4 ,p4 ,v4 ,alyssum ,argenteum ,h4 ,p4 ,anemone ,blanda ,h4 ,p4 ,bellis ,perennis ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,dicentra--,bleeding ,heart ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,dicentra--,dutchman's ,breeches ,h4 ,p4 ,dodecatheon ,h4 ,p4 ,forsythia--,golden ,bells ,h4 ,s4 ,sanguinaria--,blood ,root ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,saxifrage ,h4 ,p4 ,uvularia--,bellwort ,h4 ,p4 ,vinca1 ,periwinkle1 ,myrtle ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,violets1 in var ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,may ,adonis ,h4 ,p4 ,ajuga ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,alyssum ,argenteum ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,alyssum ,saxatile ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,amsonia ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,aquilegia ,argenteum ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,arum--,cuckoo ,flower ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,aubretia ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,azalea ,s4 ,barberry ,s4 ,bellis--,english ,daisy ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,callicarpa ,japonica ,h4 ,p4 ,calycanthus--,sweet ,shrub ,h4 ,p4 ,s4 ,chionanthus--,white ,wings ,h4 ,p4 ,s4 ,convallaria--,lily of the ,valley ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,daphne ,h4 ,s4 ,e4 ,deutzia ,h4 ,p4 ,s4 ,dicentra ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,doronicum ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,double-flowered ,almond ,h4 ,s4 ,double-flowered ,crab ,h4 ,s4 ,double-flowered ,peach ,h4 ,s4 ,epimedium ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,euonymus--,burning ,bush ,h4 ,s4 ,exochorda--,pearl ,bush ,h4 ,s4 ,genista ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,halesia--,snowdrop ,h4 ,t4 ,hawthorn ,h4 ,t4 ,honeysuckle--,bush ,h4 ,s4 ,iris ,aurea ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,iris ,siberica ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,lychnis--,red ,campion ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,ornithogalum--,bulbous ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,phlox ,subulata ,h4 ,p4 ,polemonium--,greek ,valerian ,h4 ,p4 ,polyanthus ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,potentilla1 ,june to ,august ,h4 ,p4 ,primula--,english ,primrose ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,pulmonaria--,lungwort ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,pyrus--7,cydonia7 ,japonica ,h4 ,p4 ,s4 ,ranunculus ,half ,h4 ,p4 ,rhododendrons ,h4 ,s4 ,e4 ,ribes--,flowering ,currant ,h4 ,s4 ,sanguinaria--,blood ,root ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,spira ,filipendula ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,spira ,thunbergi ,h4 ,s4 ,spira ,van ,houttei ,h4 ,s4 ,syringa--,lilac ,h4 ,t4 ,tamarix ,h4 ,s4 ,trillium ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,veronica ,h4 ,p4 ,viburnum--,snowball ,h4 ,s4 ,vinca--,myrtle ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,weigela ,h4 ,s4 ,june ,aconitum--,monkshood ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,alstromeria--,peruvian ,lily ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,anchusa ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,anthemis ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,anthericum--,st4 ,bruno's ,lily ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,aquilegia ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,armeria ,h4 ,p4 ,arum ,h4 ,p4 ,astragalus--,milk ,vetch ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,baptisia ,h4 ,p4 ,bellis ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,buphthalmum ,h4 ,p4 ,callirhoe ,h4 ,p4 ,campanula ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,cassia ,h4 ,p4 ,catalpa ,h4 ,t4 ,centaurea ,h4 ,p4 ,centranthus ,h4 ,p4 ,coreopsis ,h4 ,p4 ,cornus--,dogwood ,h4 ,t4 ,coronilla ,h4 ,p4 ,delphinium ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,deutzia ,gracilis ,h4 ,s4 ,deutzia--,pride of ,rochester ,h4 ,s4 ,digitalis ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,doronicum ,h4 ,p4 ,dracocephalum ,h4 ,p4 ,erigeron ,h4 ,p4 ,heuchera ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,hollyhock ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,honeysuckle ,h4 ,v4 ,hydrangea--,climbing ,h4 ,p4 ,v4 ,iris ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,jasminum ,h4 ,p4 ,laburnum ,h4 ,t4 ,lathyrus--,everlasting ,pea ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,lilium ,canadense ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 7bulb7 ,lilium ,candidum ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 7bulb7 ,lilium ,longiflorum ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 7bulb7 ,linden ,h4 ,t4 ,locust ,h4 ,t4 ,lychnis ,chalcedonica ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,lychnis ,coronaria ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,lychnis ,gigantea ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,magnolia ,h4 ,t4 ,monarda ,h4 ,p4 ,mountain ,ash ,h4 ,t4 ,papaver--,poppy ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,a4 ,pentstemon ,half ,h4 ,p4 ,philadelphus ,h4 ,t4 ,potentilla ,h4 ,p4 ,pyrethrum ,h4 ,h4 ,t4 ,ranunculus ,h4 ,p4 ,rhododendron ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,rose ,hardy ,s4 ,salpiglossis ,a4 ,schizanthus ,a4 ,sedum ,h4 ,p4 ,spira1 in var ,h4 ,p4 ,sweet ,alyssum ,a4 ,sweet ,peas ,a4 ,sweet ,scabiosa ,h4 ,p4 ,sweet ,sultan ,a4 ,veronica ,t4 ,p4 ,vinca ,e4 ,v4 ,violets ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,july ,achillea ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,allium ,angularis ,h4 ,p4 ,anthemis ,h4 ,p4 ,armeria ,h4 ,p4 ,asphodel ,h4 ,p4 ,aster ,alpinus ,h4 ,p4 ,bignonia ,radicans ,h4 ,p4 ,v4 ,bocconia ,h4 ,p4 ,campanula ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,candytuft ,a4 ,chrysanthemum ,maximum ,h4 ,p4 ,coba ,scandens ,tender ,p4 ,v4 ,coreopsis ,h4 ,p4 ,cosmos ,a4 ,dahlia ,tender ,p4 ,datura ,a4 ,dictamnus ,h4 ,p4 ,digitalis ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,dracocephalum ,h4 ,p4 ,eccremocarpus ,v4 ,a4 ,euphorbia ,a4 ,evening ,primrose ,h4 ,p4 ,funkia ,p4 ,gypsophila ,a4 ,iris--,japanese ,h4 ,p4 ,liatris ,h4 ,p4 ,lilium ,auratum ,h4 ,p4 ,linum ,h4 ,p4 ,lychnis ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,perennial ,phlox ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,phlox ,drummondi ,a4 ,potentilla ,h4 ,p4 ,salvia ,tender ,p4 ,statice ,h4 ,p4 ,thalictrum ,h4 ,p4 ,thymus ,h4 ,p4 ,vinca ,tender ,p4 ,yucca ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,august ,achillea ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,allium ,h4 ,p4 ,armeria ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,asphodel ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,bellis ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,callirhoe ,h4 ,p4 ,campanula ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,carnation ,t4 ,p4 ,centranthus ,h4 ,p4 ,clerodendron ,h4 ,p4 ,coba ,v4 ,a4 ,cosmos ,a4 ,delphinium ,h4 ,p4 ,dianthus ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,digitalis ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,dolichos ,v4 ,a4 ,eupatorium ,h4 ,p4 ,euphorbia ,a4 ,funkia ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,helianthus ,h4 ,p4 ,hibiscus ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,hollyhock ,h4 ,s4 ,hydrangea1 late in ,august ,h4 ,p4 ,s4 ,hypericum ,moserianum ,h4 ,s4 ,liatris ,h4 ,p4 ,lilium ,album ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,lilium ,auratum ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,lilium ,melpomene ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,lilium ,roseum ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,lilium ,rubrum ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,lobelia ,cardinalis ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,lychnis ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,monarda ,h4 ,p4 nothera ,h4 ,p4 ,pentstemon ,h4 ,p4 ,phlox1 ,perennial ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,platycodon ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,rudbeckia ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,salvia ,tender ,p4 ,sedum ,h4 ,p4 ,silphium ,h4 ,p4 ,statice ,h4 ,p4 ,vinca ,tender ,p4 ,september ,althea ,h4 ,p4 ,t4 ,anchusa ,h4 ,p4 ,anemone--,queen ,charlotte ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,anemone--,whirlwind ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,asters1 in var ,a4 ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,boltonia ,h4 ,p4 ,clematis ,paniculata ,h4 ,p4 ,v4 ,erianthus ,h4 ,p4 ,eulalia ,h4 ,p4 ,eupatorium ,a4 ,h4 ,p4 ,euphorbia ,a4 ,gladiolus ,bulbs ,golden ,rod ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,hibiscus ,h4 ,p4 ,t4 ,p4 ,hydrangea ,h4 ,p4 ,ipoma ,a4 ,lobelia ,cardinalis ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,e4 ,pampas ,grass ,half ,h4 ,p4 ,rudbeckia ,h4 ,p4 ,salvia ,t4 ,p4 ,statice ,h4 ,p4 ,tritoma ,tender ,p4 ,vinca ,tender ,p4 ,all ,summer ,ageratum ,a4 ,antirrhinum ,t4 ,p4 ,armeria ,a4 ,balsam ,a4 ,bartonia ,p4 ,begonia1 ,tuberous ,t4 ,p4 ,begonia1 ,vernon ,t4 ,p4 ,brachycome ,p4 ,browallia ,t4 ,a4 ,canary ,bird ,vine ,a4 ,candytuft ,a4 ,canna ,tender ,p4 ,rhizomes ,celosia ,a4 ,centrosema ,h4 ,p4 ,clarkia ,a4 ,cleome ,pungens ,a4 ,coba ,scandens ,a4 ,collinsia ,a4 ,cosmos ,a4 ,crotolaria ,a4 ,cypress ,vine ,a4 ,delphinium ,h4 ,p4 ,gloxinia ,t4 ,p4 ,hyacinthus ,candicans ,h4 ,p4 ,ipoma ,a4 ,maurandya ,p4 ,nasturtium ,a4 ,pansy ,p4 ,petunia ,a4 ,portulaca ,a4 ,rose ,hardy or ,half ,hardy ,s4 ,sweet ,pea ,a4 ,sweet ,scabiosa ,a4 ,sweet ,sultan ,h4 ,p4 ,thunbergia ,t4 ,p4 ,verbena ,t4 ,p4 ,veronica ,h4 ,p4 ,vinca ,t4 ,p4 ,vincetoxicum ,h4 ,p4 ,chapter ,,twenty-,,three ,a ,chapter of ,odds and ,ends ,tools3 ,there is always a tendency among beginners to overload with the paraphernalia of their calling1 whatever it may be4 ,when the first enthusiasm passes1 and one becomes a careful and successful worker1 all that is superfluous is gradually dropped1 and one realises that it is brains and not tools that make the successful gardener4 ,a hotbed1 a cold-frame or two1 a work-table in some convenient place1 a trowel1 wheel-barrow1 spade1 pitchfork1 rake1 hoe1 a few yards of stout cord1 a hatchet to sharpen stakes1 a watering-pot1 rubber sprinkler1 rubber gloves1 a good supply of pots and wire-netting1 and a couple of good mole-traps cover the real necessaries4 ,incidentals1 such as wire-sieves1 lath-screens1 trellises1 and the like1 may be made as they are required4 ,one should not have more tools than can be kept in good working order4 ,an excellent place for ,begonias1 ,gloxinias1 and other shade-loving plants is made by fitting a wide shelf under a north or east window on the outside1 with a raised edge three or four inches high1 made by tacking strips of wood across the front and ends4 ,inclose with window-netting1 first nailing strips of wood from the outer corners of the shelf to the upper corners of the window-casing to support the netting4 ,when the shelf is filled with wet sand1 and the plants plunged in it1 one has a miniature greenhouse accessible from the room1 and safe from trespass of chickens1 cats1 or careless feet4 ,the shelf may extend considerably beyond the window-casing if desired1 and be made attractive from the outside by climbing vines4 ,the ,maurandya is fine here1 as it will push its tips through the netting1 and be very ornamental2 the ,asparagus tenuissimus and ,a4 plumosus nanus are also good4 ,a couple of plant-brackets fastened to the outside casing will afford room for drooping plants1 and add to the attractiveness of the shelf4 ,primroses will bloom here all summer1 and ,ferns1 ,gloxinias1 and fancy-leaved ,caladiums find a congenial home4 ,insecticides ,a good supply of insecticides should be kept in store1 or at least the formulas and materials for preparing them4 ,plant enemies have increased to such an alarming extent in the past few years that comparatively few flowers are free from them1 and some kinds1 as the ,rose1 ,dahlia1 ,aster1 ,clematis1 and ,cosmos1 are becoming more and more difficult to raise4 ,the ,rose1 especially1 is in need of constant care and watchfulness from the swelling of the leaf-bud until the end of the growing season4 ,one of its most dreaded fungous diseases is known as 8black spot10 which must be given thorough treatment in the beginning1 before the leaves start in the spring on plants that have been previously affected4 ,syringe with ,bordeaux mixture and repeat once or twice a week during the growing season4 ,cosmos ,borer is very destructive to the ,cosmos1 ,dahlia1 ,asters1 and ,clematis2 the preventive is a teaspoonful of ,paris green to three gallons of water1 poured around the base of the plant1 using sufficient to wet the ground three or four inches deep4 ,begin when the plant is a foot high1 and continue until fully grown4 ,the ,black ,beetle is an unpleasant pest that has become very destructive to the ,asters1 eating the flowers1 and soon destroying an entire bed if not promptly checked4 ,it resembles the common blister beetle1 but is smaller and jet black in colour2 it is easily killed by knocking off into a pan of water containing a little kerosene4 ,in the early morning it is very sluggish1 and may be picked off and killed1 or the plants may be showered with the ,paris-green solution1 but the appearance of the first bug must be the signal for active operations4 ,plant ,louse or ,green ,fly3 ,this little insect commonly infests house-plants2 it is called a fly because in one stage of its existence it has wings4 ,the remedies are tobacco in some form1 or sulpho-tobacco soap syringed on the foliage1 or the hot-water bath4 ,black or ,chrysanthemum ,lice require practically the same treatment4 ,tobacco-dust on the leaves will usually prevent their appearance1 and should be applied early in the summer and after every rain4 ,the ,mealy ,bug is a little whitish mass1 like cotton in appearance1 often found on house-plants and on the ,spiras4 ,syringe with whale-oil soap solution2 or1 if the plant is small1 work over it1 touching each bug with a brush dipped in alcohol2 or use the hot-water bath4 ,red ,spider can only be kept at bay by fresh air and the plentiful use of water2 spray or syringe daily4 ,use the hot-water bath if the spiders have gotten a foothold4 ,rose ,hopper1 or ,thrips--small yellowish insects on the under side of ,rose leaves1 from which they suck the juice1 causing them to turn brown2 whale-oil soap syringed on the under side of the leaves is the best remedy4 ,rose ,slugs are small green caterpillars that feed on the ,rose leaves and buds1 lying on the under side of the leaves1 or drawing two leaves together with a slight web4 ,work over the plants1 pinching the leaves between thumb and finger1 or syringe with whale-oil solution1 or dust with powdered hellebore when wet4 ,rose ,bug--a small1 dark bug striped with light yellow1 which is very destructive to the ,roses1 eating the flowers4 ,plants may be syringed1 or showered with the ,paris-green solution at night or early in the morning1 but must be attended to promptly1 as the bugs are very destructive1 stripping a bed of its flowers in a surprisingly short time4 ,roses treated with ,paris green should always be plainly and conspicuously labelled to that effect4 ,earth-worms and the like may be easily destroyed by thoroughly soaking the soil in the pots with lime-water1 which is best done by plunging a pot to the brim 7not over7 in the solution1 and removing the worms as they come to the surface4 ,it may be necessary to repeat this once or twice4 ,,formulas ,the following formulas are from the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,station and are reliable3 ,normal1 or #a4f per cent4 ,bordeaux ,mixture ,copper ,sulphate 7blue vitriol7 #f pounds ,quicklime 7good stone lime7 #d pounds ,water #ej gallons ,dissolve the copper sulphate by putting it in a bag of coarse cloth1 and hanging it in a wooden or earthen vessel containing five or six gallons of water4 ,after the copper sulphate has dissolved1 dilute with water to twenty-five gallons2 slake the lime1 and add twenty-five gallons of water2 mix the two1 and keep thoroughly stirred while using4 ,if the mixture is to be used on ,carnations1 or the like1 it will adhere better if a pound of hard soap be dissolved in hot water and added4 ,kerosene ,emulsion ,hard ,soap pound ,boiling ,water #a gallon ,kerosene #b gallons ,dissolve the soap in the water2 add the kerosene1 and churn with a spray or force-pump until they unite and have the appearance and consistency of buttermilk4 ,dilute with water to twenty-five or thirty gallons before applying4 ,paris-green ,solution ,paris green #a pound ,water #ej gallons ,keep constantly stirred when using4 ,hot-water ,bath ,the hot-water bath will1 in nearly every case1 take the place of insecticides and give better results1 as it thoroughly cleanses the foliage and leaves no bad effects1 if not too hot4 ,heat to #adj if for spraying1 and use before it cools2 #acf if the plants are to be dipped4 ,illustration3 ,,fences ,,may ,,be ,,made ,,attractive ,,with ,,vines ,,or ,,plants ,next in convenience to a pair of rubber gloves for the garden are the duck mittens sold for household purposes4 ,all sorts of garden work may be done in these1 even the transplanting of quite small plants4 ,they have also the advantage of being very cheap1 or they may be manufactured at home4 ,always have an extra pair on hand4 ,gardening without gloves is ruinous to the hands and a needless discomfort4 ,for watering the window-garden1 a small pot with a long spout that will go between the plants will be a great convenience1 as by its use the farthest plants may be watered without disturbing the others4 ,this means a saving of time on busy mornings1 and insures against neglect4 ,the life of the gardener who raises chickens is full of perplexities4 ,certainly nothing is more vexing and discouraging than to have one's plants repeatedly scratched out of the ground by chickens4 ,with netting so cheap there is no good reason why chickens1 or other farm stock1 should have the range of the yard4 ,nothing is more filthy or conducive to disease than the presence of fowls in the door-yard4 ,there are few house-yards that cannot be isolated from the rest of the premises by a judicious use of wire-netting1 and where the conditions call for it this should be the first thing done4 ,it will not be at all satisfactory to surround the beds with netting1 which is inconvenient and unsightly4 ,the whole yard1 or at least the entire garden1 should be inclosed1 using netting high enough to turn any fowl1 say at least five feet2 even ,plymouth ,rocks will take a four-foot fence4 ,for ,brown ,leghorns six feet is a safer height than five feet4 ,there should be no place on the top of the fence on which the birds can alight4 ,at the bottom a board will make all secure1 and prevent the chickens digging under2 and it will be better if set a little below the surface of the ground1 which should be made hard and firm around it4 ,fences may be made attractive with vines or plants4 ,sweet-peas1 ,nasturtiums1 ,morning-glories1 ,coba scandens1 ,wild ,cucumbers1 the ,scarlet-fruited ,gourd1 ,roses1 ,clematis or ,honeysuckles make a good background for the lawn and beds of bright flowers4 ,chapter ,,twenty-,,four ,a ,chapter of ,don'ts ,don't forget to air the hotbeds on warm1 sunny days1 and to protect them on cold ones4 ,don't forget that plants need room to develop1 and set them far enough apart to make this possible4 ,don't forget to water the window-boxes every day1 and to keep the sand in the sand-box wet all the time4 ,don't forget to go over the ,pansies and ,sweet-peas every day1 and remove all withered flowers4 ,don't let them suffer for want of water at any period of their bloom4 ,don't try to raise more plants than you have room for1 or strength and time to cultivate4 ,a few plants well cared for are better than a neglected garden--a most discouraging sight4 ,the gardener will find enough real difficulty without inviting disaster4 ,don't try to follow all the advice that is offered you2 make up your mind what you want to do and go steadily ahead4 ,if you fail you will know how1 and why1 which is in itself a distinct gain4 ,it is a good rule never to take the advice of an unsuccessful person1 no matter how reasonable it sounds4 ,distrust garrulous advice2 the gardener with real knowledge is not inclined to force advice upon others4 ,don't be cast down by adverse criticism unless your judgment tells you it is deserved4 ,the person who 8knows it all0 is never so much at home as in some one else's flower-garden1 where the principal labour may be done with the tongue4 ,don't be wheedled into spoiling your plants by saving seed for one who is perfectly able to buy2 instead1 give the address of the dealer from whom you purchased1 and suggest that he will be glad to fill orders4 ,don't rob your plant of cuttings that are necessary to its symmetry2 this1 too1 is a case for the florist4 ,there are people who seem to feel it an injustice for any one to possess a plant with more than one branch so long as they are not supplied with that particular variety4 ,don't1 when you have purchased a dozen ,violets or ,primulas1 meaning to divide them after awhile to make the border you did not feel like purchasing outright1 be imposed upon to the extent of giving half of them away to some one who has been waiting for this very opportunity4 ,the experienced gardener learns to steer such people away from plants she does not wish to part with1 or have mutilated1 but the amateur is looked upon as legitimate prey4 ,i have frequently known people to break a branch from plants they were handling1 with the expectation of being told to keep it4 ,the remedy for this sort of thing is to immediately place it in the ground with some remark about having a place for it4 ,don't supply with cut flowers1 plants1 and the like1 people who spend more money for unnecessary luxuries than you do for your whole garden1 and then tell you how foolish you are to spend so much time and money1 and work so hard for your flowers4 ,don't be too deeply impressed with the sudden friendship at gardening time of the woman who has managed to get along without your society all winter4 ,don't be imposed upon by the chronic plant-beggar1 but suggest to her that you will be glad to lend your catalogues2 that in them she will find1 at reasonable prices1 all the things you have in your garden2 and that the florist will doubtless be glad of her patronage4 ,don't1 on the other hand1 be lacking in generosity of the right sort4 ,flowers may be given to rich and poor alike1 and carry no hint of obligation1 or unfitness4 ,to the tired worker who has neither time nor space to cultivate them1 a handful of flowers1 or a potted plant1 which can be spared from your abundance1 will make a bit of sunshine well worth the trouble4 ,for many who cannot spare the trifling amount a single plant or packet of seed would cost1 the surplus plants from flats or hotbeds will be a great pleasure1 and one should not wait for requests4 ,those who really cannot afford these things are rarely guilty of the petty meanness of the professional plant-beggars4 ,it is a good plan to jot down1 from time to time as they occur1 the names of those you would like to benefit in this way1 and then1 when you have surplus plants1 send word of that fact1 and of the time when it will be convenient to take them up4 ,this will be better than sending the plants1 which might arrive when it would be inconvenient or impossible to attend to them4 ,there are so many ways of giving pleasure with flowers that one need never be embarrassed with a surplus3 the sick2 the young girl who will enjoy them for her party2 the young matron1 for her pretty luncheon2 the church service1 the humble funeral1 where the choicest and best should go4 ,a beautiful tact may be shown by a choice in harmony with the taste of the recipient and the occasion for which they are intended4 ,do not send all white flowers1 or flowers with a heavy perfume1 to the sick-room4 ,bright flowers are better4 ,notice the cheer in a pot of golden ,daffodils or a bunch of ,hepaticas4 ,a charming thing is a handful of ,japanese ,morning-glory buds picked and sent the night before1 that the invalid may watch their unfolding in the morning4 ,i have known these to give the greatest pleasure4 ,don't be too greatly cast down by failures2 they have their uses4 ,one failure1 if it sets you to studying out the cause and remedy1 is worth a dozen haphazard successes4 ,we grow plants with even success for some time1 then1 without any recognised change in the treatment1 we meet with failure4 ,we look for the reason1 and our education is begun4 ,when we have found the cause of failure1 we have made a long step forward4 ,don't fail to take some good floral magazines1 they are helpful in many ways1 and keep you in touch with what other workers are doing4 ,don't try to work in unsuitable clothing4 ,easy1 broad1 solid shoes--not any old run-down pair--should be considered as essential as a spade1 or rake1 and skirts that clear the instep1 and hang comfortably4 ,waists with easy arm-holes and collar will enable one to work with a degree of comfort that means the accomplishment of an amount of work in a morning quite impossible were one less comfortably clad4 ,skirts of blue denim1 made ,princess style1 and ankle length1 with comfortable shirt-waists--denim for cool days1 calico for warm--make a thoroughly comfortable outfit4 ,,the ,,end ,alphabetical ,index ,a ,abobra viridiflora1 fancy gourd1 #if4 ,abutilons1 #fc1 #fd1 #ib4 ,diversity of form and colour of ,new ,california1 #fd4 ,time for flowering1 #fc4 ,achimenes1 #fj4 ,cuttings of1 how to root1 #fj4 ,aconite1 ,winter1 #aia4 ,adverse criticism1 hints about1 #bed4 ,advice1 hints about1 #bec4 ,adlumia 7,mountain ,fringe1 ,climbing ,fumitory1 ,allegheny ,vine71 #df1 #ib1 #abi4 ,appropriate for use at funerals1 #abi4 ,delightful grown on north side of house1 #abi4 ,gathering seed from1 #df4 ,sowing seeds and planting1 #abi4 ,ageratum1 ,cope's ,favourite1 #aai4 ,tom ,thumb1 #af4 ,ageratums1 #af1 #cd1 #ce1 #df1 #ha1 #hh1 #ia1 #ib1 #id1 #if1 #aja1 #aai1 #aba4 ,dwarf variety admirably adapted for carpet bedding1 #aai4 ,how to sow1 #ce4 ,indispensable for edgings1 window-boxes and vases1 #aja4 ,little ,dorrit and ,swanley ,blue1 #ajb4 ,princess ,caroline1 #ajb4 ,season for sowing1 #ajb4 ,should be clipped frequently1 #dg4 ,tom ,thumb1 useful for edgings1 #aja4 ,air-tight covers1 should never be used to protect plants1 #bje4 ,alba plena ,narcissi1 #aia4 ,alba superbissima ,hyacinth1 #aib4 ,allegheny ,vine1 #abi4 ,allemannia ,cannas1 #ae4 ,alliums1 care and treatment of1 #aid4 ,altheas1 #bja1 #bjb1 #bjf4 ,alyssum4 ,see ,sweet ,alyssum4 ,amaryllis1 #ge1 #aee1 #afb-afe4 ,evergreen1 #afb4 ,general treatment of1 same as for ,crinums1 #afb4 ,johnsonii1 #afc4 ,american ,beauty ,rose1 #agh4 ,ammonia1 a stimulant for flowers1 #be4 ,ampelopsis1 #abh1 #bjg4 ,anchusa capensis1 #aai4 ,anemones1 #aib1 #aic4 ,treatment and raising of1 #aic4 ,annuals1 various1 from seed1 #ih-aaa4 ,hardy and tender1 time for planting1 #ec4 ,should not be grown in window-boxes1 #if4 ,annunciation ,lily1 #bje4 ,anthony ,waterer1 crimson ,spira1 #aig4 ,antirrhinums 7,snapdragons71 #df1 #ia1 #ic1 #if1 #ih1 #ii4 ,firefly1 #ih4 ,giant ,crimson1 ,giant ,yellow1 ,giant ,white and ,niobe1 #ih4 ,how to protect in winter1 #ii4 ,queen of the ,north1 #ih4 ,seed of1 #df4 ,soil suitable for1 #ii4 ,transplanting1 #ih4 ,useful for cut flowers1 window-boxes and vases1 #ih4 ,when to start seed1 #ih4 ,ants1 nests of1 in the ,lily bulb1 remedy for1 #aha4 ,aphides1 or green plant-lice1 prevention and remedy for1 #gj4 ,april1 shrubs and plants that bloom in1 #bcd4 ,aquatic ,plants1 #afe-agb4 ,aquilegia4 ,see ,columbine4 ,arrangement of flower-beds1 #aj4 ,arundo ,donax1 ornamental grass1 #e1 #af4 ,ashes1 a good fertiliser to sweeten the soil1 #be4 ,should not be mixed with manure1 #be4 ,asparagus1 #di1 #fd1 #hh1 #id1 #bdf4 ,all kinds benefited by frequent repotting1 #fd1 #fe4 ,benefited by use of good fertiliser1 #bae4 ,how to raise and manage1 #fe4 ,asparagus plumosus nanus1 #bdf4 ,proper time for planting1 #fd4 ,asparagus ,sprengeri1 how to sow1 #di1 #ej4 ,successfully grown in baskets or pots1 #fe4 ,unmanageable without fertiliser1 #baf4 ,asparagus tenuissimus1 #bdf4 ,asters1 #aj1 #be1 #cd1 #dc1 #ec1 #ii4 ,a necessity of the fall garden1 #ii4 ,aim of the specialist1 #ii4 ,arranging for vases1 #ajj4 ,bees do not care for1 #dc4 ,black beetle an unpleasant pest to1 #bdg4 ,bride1 #ii4 ,chrysanthemum flowered1 #ii1 #ajj4 ,cosmos borer destructive to1 #bdg4 ,early planting recommended1 #ajj4 ,frequent watering necessary1 #aja4 ,giant ,white ,comet1 #ii4 ,japanese ,tassel1 #ig4 ,kerosene for killing insects on1 #ajj4 ,ostrich ,feather1 #ii4 ,paris-green in the watering-pot for killing beetles1 #ajj4 ,peony1 #ii4 ,perfection1 #ii4 ,proper place for planting1 #aj4 ,transplanting1 #aja4 ,use of seed of1 #dc4 ,when to plant seed1 #ajj4 ,aster-beds1 ashes for fertilising1 #be4 ,atmospheric moisture1 maintaining a fair degree of1 #bji4 ,august1 shrubs and plants that bloom in1 #bdj-bdb4 ,auratum ,lily1 growth of the1 on wooded hillsides1 #ahd4 ,aurea ,bambusa1 #aga4 ,aurora ,pansy1 #aaf4 ,b ,bacon rind1 for keeping moles from ,iris roots1 #bjj4 ,balsams1 #dg1 #ajb1 #ajc4 ,benefited by transplanting1 #ajb4 ,camellia-flowered varieties best1 #ajb4 ,double white and shell pink1 valuable for decorative work1 #ajc4 ,plenty of room required for branching1 #ajb4 ,starting the seed1 #ajb4 ,transplanting1 #ajb4 ,bamboo1 #aga4 ,requires abundant water-supply1 #aga4 ,varieties of1 #aga4 ,bambusa ,arundinacea1 #aga4 ,aurea1 #aga4 ,metake1 #aga4 ,banana plants1 #ade4 ,caring for1 in winter1 #ade4 ,grow more ornamental indoors1 #ade4 ,planted in tubs or open ground1 #ade4 ,plants should be grown by themselves1 #ade4 ,showy and attractive1 #ade4 ,soil and water for1 #ade4 ,southeast angle of building an ideal location for1 #ade4 ,storing in cellar during winter1 #adf4 ,baroness ,van ,thuyl ,hyacinth1 #aib4 ,baskets1 hanging4 ,see ,hanging-,baskets4 ,beetles1 black4 ,see ,black beetles4 ,begonia cuttings1 how to root1 #fj4 ,begonia1 ,dwarf ,bijou1 #ff4 ,erfordii1 #ff4 ,rex1 how to plant and raise1 #ff4 ,vernon1 #ff4 ,vulcan1 when to plant1 #ff4 ,begonias1 #ci1 #dh1 #eh1 #fj1 #ff1 #fg1 #hh1 #ib-id1 #ig1 #aag1 #aej1 #bde4 ,an excellent place for1 #bde1 #bdf4 ,injured by use of fertilisers1 #baf4 ,setting out1 and storing during winter1 #fg1 #fh4 ,the best varieties of1 #ff4 ,the finest flower for bedding or pot culture1 #fg4 ,begonias1 tuberous-- ,bedding out1 #aej4 ,instructions for planting1 bedding and setting out1 #fg4 ,proper temperature for growing1 #aej4 ,shading from the heat1 #aea4 ,starting and potting1 #aej4 ,bermuda ,oxalis1 should be grown in hanging-baskets1 #aie4 ,bignonia ,radicans 7,trumpet ,vine7-- ,best method of supporting it1 #adj4 ,blooms nearly all summer1 #aci4 ,desirable as a climber1 #adj4 ,grown as a lawn shrub1 #adj4 ,hedges of1 should be kept pruned for symmetrical growth1 #aci4 ,most desirable for hedges1 #aci4 ,not appreciated sufficiently1 #aci4 ,black ,beauty ,cannas1 #ae4 ,black beetles1 a pest to ,asters1 #bdg4 ,how to destroy1 #ajj4 ,black lice1 remedy for1 #bdh4 8,black spot10 fungous disease of the ,rose1 #bdg4 ,black-eyed ,susan1 #acf4 ,blood1 from slaughter-houses1 a good fertiliser1 #bh4 ,blooming season of various trees1 shrubs1 and plants1 #bcd-bdd4 ,boards for siding in making flower-beds1 #h4 ,bone-meal1 a substitute for1 #bg4 ,as a fertiliser1 #bh4 ,bonfire ,salvia1 #aba4 ,bordeaux mixture1 for fungoid disease in ,pansies1 #aae4 ,as an insecticide1 #bdd4 ,formula for1 #bdi4 ,borders1 exquisite flowers for1 #aig1 #aih4 ,borers1 destroying chrysalis of1 #bjc4 ,bougainvillea1 #bji4 ,bouquet1 an ideal1 #ajc4 ,bracket plants1 ,thunbergias valuable for1 in winter1 #acf4 ,brackets1 use of1 increases capacity of window1 #bjh1 #bji4 ,bride ,aster1 #ii4 ,bride ,rose1 #agh4 ,bruant ,geranium1 for south and west window-boxes1 #ia4 ,bryonopsis1 #if1 #acb4 ,bulbous and tuberous-rooted plants1 #adg4 ,bulbs1 for the amateur1 #aib4 ,for winter blooming1 #aib4 ,hardy in ,middle ,states1 may not be so in ,northern ,states1 #aia1 #aib4 ,hints on potting outdoors1 #aid4 ,late fall or winter planting of1 preferable to spring planting1 #ahh4 ,of hardy plants1 caring and preserving1 #aie4 ,burbank ,cannas1 #ae4 ,burpee's ,defiance ,petunia1 #hd4 ,buying seeds1 #da-dg4 ,c ,cabbage-worm1 how to destroy1 #bjd4 ,caladium esculentum 7,elephant's ,ears71 #adi4 ,an ideal plant for the amateur1 #adi4 ,native of ,sandwich ,islands1 #adi4 ,root of1 edible1 #adi4 ,roots should be started in pots1 #adi4 ,winter easily and multiply rapidly1 #aej4 ,caladiums1 #e1 #ae1 #ah1 #bb1 #hh1 #hi1 #ic1 #adi1 #aej1 #aea1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #bdf4 ,beds of1 #e4 ,proper soil for1 #ah4 ,caladiums1 fancy-leaved-- ,caring for1 in fall and winter1 #aea4 ,desirable for window-boxes and for porches1 #aea4 ,develop their colours best in the shade1 #aea4 ,flourish in a warm atmosphere1 #aea4 ,gorgeousness of colour and delicacy of growth1 #aea4 ,calceolaria1 #fc1 #fh1 #gd4 ,handling and raising1 instructions for1 #fh4 ,infinite variety of1 #fh4 ,one of the most easily cultivated house-plants1 #fh4 ,varieties and easy cultivation of1 #fh4 ,california ,sunflower1 #aig4 ,callus1 formation of1 in cuttings1 #fa4 ,camphor ,geraniums1 #ia4 ,candidums1 #ahb4 ,candytuft1 #df4 ,cannas1 #d1 #e1 #ad1 #ae1 #ah1 #bb1 #bi1 #aaj1 #aba1 #ada1 #adb1 #ade1 #adg1 #adh1 #aej1 #ahe1 #ahg4 ,allemannia1 #ae4 ,beds of1 should be lower than the lawn1 #adb4 ,best way of handling roots1 #adg4 ,black ,beauty1 #ae4 ,burbank1 #ae4 ,care of1 #ahe-ahg4 ,chicago1 #ae4 ,florence ,vaughan1 #ae4 ,french and orchid-flowered varieties should be started in the house1 #adg4 ,frozen portions should be removed1 #ahe4 ,grow from seeds as easily1 cheaply1 and as soon as from bulbs1 #ada4 ,hints for planting and potting1 #adb4 ,italia1 #ae4 ,most convenient place for starting bulbs1 #adh4 ,orchid-flowered ,cannas difficult to winter1 #ahf4 ,papa1 #ae4 ,planting in baskets1 #adg4 ,proper soil for1 #ah4 ,queen ,charlotte1 #ae4 ,roots to be saved should be dried in the sun1 #ahf4 ,seeds should be filed before planting1 #ada4 ,should be wintered in a dry cellar1 #ahf4 ,storing of tubers1 #ahf4 ,suitable soil for1 #adb4 ,time for sowing seed1 #adb4 ,time for starting1 #adg4 ,canterbury-bells1 cold-frames useful to protect1 #cg4 ,carnation-frames1 #gb4 ,carnation support1 an easily made1 #gb4 ,carnations1 #ci1 #dj1 #fa1 #gj-gb1 #gf1 #bje1 #bej4 ,giant of ,california1 #gj4 ,growing winter plants1 #gb4 ,how to perpetuate any variety1 #ga4 ,keeping for winter blooming and for second year1 #ga4 ,keeping free from insects1 #gb1 #gc4 ,layerings valuable for1 #fa4 ,marguerite1 #gj4 ,methods employed by florists to produce long-stemmed varieties1 #ga4 ,most easily grown of all house-plants1 #gj4 ,planting and varieties of1 #gj4 ,castor-oil ,bean1 #add4 ,see ,ricinus4 ,centrosema 7,butterfly ,pea71 #acj4 ,beautiful plant when in bloom1 #aca4 ,charming vine for north or east window1 #id4 ,hard to propagate from seed1 #acj4 ,slender growth but hardy1 #acb4 ,transplanting and watering1 #aca4 ,treatment of seeds before sowing1 #acj1 #aca4 ,chalcedonica ,lychnis1 hardy white flower1 #aih4 ,chameleon ,nasturtium1 #aaa4 ,charcoal for preserving ,asters1 #ajj4 ,chicago ,cannas1 #ae4 ,chicken fences1 how to make1 #bea1 #beb4 ,chicken netting1 for use in the hotbed1 #cg4 ,chickens should not be allowed in the garden1 #bea4 ,chionodoxa1 #aia4 ,christ and the ,apostles4 ,see ,crinum ,scabrum4 ,chrysanthemum ,flowered ,aster1 #ii4 ,chrysanthemum lice1 remedy for1 #bdh4 ,chrysanthemums1 #abf4 ,keeping free from insects1 #abg4 ,planting out and cultivating1 #abf4 ,potting and boxing1 #abg4 ,treatment of branches1 #abf4 ,cigar-boxes1 convenient for raising fine seeds in1 #dh4 ,cinder walks1 construction of1 #i4 ,cinerarias1 #dh1 #eh1 #fb1 #fc1 #fi1 #adc1 #bjh4 ,care in raising in summer and winter1 #fi4 ,colours and varieties of1 #fi4 ,treatment of1 for preserving through winter1 #fi1 #gj4 ,clara ,bedman ,salvia1 #aba4 ,clematis 7,virgin's ,bower71 #fe1 #acg-aci1 #bjc1 #beb4 ,caring for and protecting in winter1 #ach4 ,cosmos borer destructive to1 #bdg4 ,flammula1 #ach1 #aih4 ,jackmanni1 #ach4 ,leaves protect roots in winter1 #bjg4 ,mrs4 ,edward ,andre1 #ach4 ,most expensive vines to buy1 #acg4 ,paniculata1 #ach4 ,planting and raising1 #acg4 ,potting1 #acg4 ,raising from seed cheapest way of obtaining them1 #acg4 ,ramona1 #ach4 ,trimming plants1 #aci4 ,clothing1 suitable1 necessary for comfort for working in the garden1 #beg4 ,clover-root1 #fe4 ,coal-ash walks1 construction of1 #i4 ,coba ,san ,salvador1 #acj4 ,admirable for covering old trees1 #acj4 ,cling to stone and brick1 #acj4 ,foliage of1 #acj4 ,manner of growth1 #acj4 ,starting seed1 #acj4 ,coba scandens 7,cup-and-,saucer ,vine71 #abi4 ,desirable summer vine1 #abi4 ,height and bloom of1 #abi4 ,position of1 in the hotbed1 #ce4 ,coccinea ,hibiscus1 #ajh4 ,coccinea ,indica1 foliaged fancy gourd1 #if4 ,coix lachryma1 #af4 ,cold-frame1 the1 #cg1 #ch4 ,drainage of1 in winter1 #ch4 ,for growing ,gloxinias and rooting cuttings1 #cg4 ,for sowing ,pansy-seed1 #cg4 ,how made1 #cg4 ,protection of1 at night1 #ch4 ,useful to protect beds of tender perennials1 #cg4 ,coleus1 #d1 #e1 #ae1 #df1 #eh1 #ei1 #hi1 #ib1 #adb1 #adc1 #aea4 ,cuttings1 treatment of1 #ei4 ,indispensable in ornamental bedding1 #adb4 ,must not bloom1 #df4 ,period of germination1 #adc4 ,pinching and watering1 #adc4 ,raised from seed1 #adb4 ,sensitive to cold1 #adc4 ,suitable soil for1 #adc4 ,colours1 harmony of1 in flowerbeds1 #aa4 ,columbine1 #ajd1 #aje4 ,time for sowing seed1 #ajd4 ,transplanting1 #ajd4 ,common names of flowers1 #bag-bcc4 ,compost1 composition of fine and rough1 #ea4 ,compost heap1 use for1 #bjc4 ,cope's ,favourite ,ageratum1 #aai4 ,corn ,fodder1 winter protection for flowers1 #bjf4 ,cosmos1 #dd1 #ajc1 #bjc4 ,cut flowers of1 popularity of1 #ajc4 ,early flowering varieties only should be grown in the ,north1 #ajc4 ,excellent way of growing them1 #ajd4 ,fresh seed necessary every other year1 #ajd4 ,how to advance their bloom1 #ajc4 ,make ideal bouquets1 #ajc4 ,popularity of1 #ajc4 ,position of1 in the hotbed1 #ce4 ,cosmos borer1 preventive of1 #bdg4 ,cow manure1 best for the majority of plants1 #bc4 ,crinums1 #aee-afb4 ,americana1 #afa4 ,blooming1 time required for1 #aeg4 ,capense1 #afj4 ,easily grown1 #aee4 ,erubescens1 #afj4 ,expensive luxuries1 #aei4 ,fimbriatum1 #afa4 ,grandolia or ,augustum1 #afa4 ,kirkii1 #aei4 ,kunthianum1 #aei1 #afb4 ,lack of knowledge as to habits of1 by florists1 #aee4 ,moorei1 #afj4 ,must be protected from heavy rain1 #aei4 ,ornatum1 #aei4 ,pedunculatum1 #afa4 ,potting of the dry bulbs1 #aef4 ,root-growth of1 #aef4 ,scabrum1 #afj4 ,secret of culture of1 #aeh4 ,soil required for1 #aef4 ,treatment of bulb before growth1 #aeg4 ,water1 amount of1 necessary1 #aeh4 ,wintering of1 #aei4 ,criticism1 adverse1 hints about1 #bed4 ,crocus1 #ahi1 #aib1 #aic4 ,a pretty way to grow them1 #aij4 ,seed formation of1 #ahi4 ,crotons1 #ci1 #hi1 #ib1 #aea4 ,best position for1 in the sandbox1 #ci4 ,crown ,imperials1 #aia4 ,cucumber1 ,wild1 #ij-if1 #acb1 #beb4 ,cup-and-,saucer ,vine1 #abi4 ,cut flowers1 judgment should be used in giving away1 #bdg4 ,cuttings1 of common house plants1 directions for handling1 #eh4 ,how to save those liable to decay1 #fa4 ,lists for selection of1 #eh4 ,cutworms1 destruction of1 #bjc4 ,cyclamen1 #db1 #gd1 #ge4 ,bush ,hill ,pioneer1 cost of seed of1 #db4 ,protecting from moisture and repotting1 #ge4 ,starting1 raising1 and setting out1 #gd4 ,treatment of1 in the spring1 #ge4 ,cyclamen ,amaryllis1 must not be allowed to dry out entirely1 #ge4 ,cyperus1 or ,umbrella-plant1 #fj1 #gc1 #gd1 #afh4 ,growing from seed an economy1 #gc4 ,growing in jardinires1 #gc4 ,how to sow the seeds1 #gc4 ,raising from cuttings1 #gc4 ,semi-aquatic qualities of1 #gc4 ,two varieties of1 #gd4 ,cypripedium ,acaule4 ,see ,japanese ,iris4 ,czar ,peter1 blue ,hyacinth1 #aib4 ,d ,daffodils1 #bef4 ,dahlias1 #bg1 #aje1 #adh1 #adi1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #bjd4 ,best started in baskets of sand1 #adh4 ,borer1 how to destroy1 #ajf4 ,care and protection of1 for exhibition purposes1 #ajf4 ,cosmos borer destructive to1 #bdg4 ,easily raised from seed1 #aje4 ,easily wintered1 #ahg4 ,for corsage wear1 single varieties best1 #ajf1 #ajg4 ,hints on grafting1 #adh1 #adi4 ,planting the seed1 #aje4 ,should be wintered in a dry cellar1 #ahf4 ,transplanting1 and treatment after1 #aje4 ,variety desirable for cut flowers and garden rows1 #ajf4 ,worms or beetles on1 how to destroy1 #ajf4 ,daisies1 #ajg4 ,beds1 suitable for borders of1 #ajg4 ,protection of1 in winter1 #ajg4 ,rockwork1 colours suitable for1 #ajg4 ,starting the seeds1 #ajg4 ,day ,lily1 #bja4 ,deutzia ,gracilis1 #aih4 ,diagrams for planning a garden1 #aa-ad4 ,dog-tooth ,violets1 #aia4 ,dolichos1 where to place in the hotbed1 #ce4 ,don'ts1 a chapter of1 #bec-beg4 ,drainage1 good1 necessary for rendering soil light and sandy1 #ag4 ,duck mittens1 for garden work1 #bej4 ,dusty-miller1 border plants of1 #h4 ,dwarf ,bijou ,begonia1 #ff4 ,e ,earth worms1 how to destroy1 #bdi4 ,eastern exposure1 combination of flowers suitable for window-boxes1 #ib1 #ic4 ,edgings1 plants used for1 #aj4 ,egyptian ,lotus1 interesting peculiarity of leaves of1 #afh4 ,suitable for growing in small ponds1 #afh4 ,eight-foot flower-beds1 #af4 ,elephant's ,ears1 #adi4 ,emperor and ,empress ,narcissus1 #aia1 #aib4 ,english names of flowers1 #bag-bcc4 ,erfordii ,begonia1 #ff4 ,erianthus ,ravenn1 ornamental grass1 #e1 #af4 ,eschscholtzias1 as a border for ,pansy-beds1 #aah4 ,eulalia univittata1 #e1 #af4 ,evergreen ,amaryllis1 #afb4 ,f ,farfugium1 #id4 ,feathers1 as fertiliser for shrubs and hardy perennials1 #bh4 ,fences1 how to make attractive1 #beb4 ,ferns1 #bc1 #hh1 #id1 #bdf4 ,fertiliser for house-plants1 #bae4 ,fertilisers1 #bc-bi4 ,injurious to ,begonias1 #bag4 ,necessary for ,asparagus ,sprengeri1 #baf4 ,next in importance to a good soil1 #bc4 ,filipendula1 herbaceous ,spira1 #aig4 ,firefly ,antirrhinum1 for bedding1 #ih4 ,flame ,lily1 #ahc4 ,flats1 or boxes1 treatment of young plants in1 #ej4 ,floral magazines1 helpful in many ways to the amateur gardener1 #beg4 ,florence ,vaughan ,canna1 #ae4 ,florists' sashes for hotbeds1 #cb4 ,floss ,flower4 ,see ,ageratum4 ,flower-beds1 arranging and marking off1 #f4 ,general effect of growing one kind of flower in1 #aj4 ,instructions for laying 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pots1 no harm to plants or bulbs1 #bad4 ,french ,lilacs1 #bja4 ,blooming season of1 #bja4 ,planting of1 #bja4 ,useful as backgrounds1 #bja4 ,fresh-air1 how it should be supplied1 #bac4 ,in the living room necessary to keep insects from plants1 #bae4 ,fritillarias1 #aia4 ,frosted plants1 treatment for1 #bad4 ,frozen plants1 how to thaw out1 #bac4 ,how to treat1 #bac4 ,fuchsias1 #eh1 #hh1 #ia1 #ic1 #id4 ,fumitory1 ,climbing1 #abi4 ,funkia 7,plantain ,lily71 or ,day ,lily1 #bja4 ,impatient of disturbance1 #bja4 ,needs protection in winter1 #bja4 ,suitable soil for1 #bja4 ,g ,garden1 the location and arrangement of1 #c-af4 ,beds1 laying out the1 #ac1 #ad4 ,best position for the garden1 #c4 ,fall clearing of the1 #bjc4 ,flower-beds1 elevated1 #e4 ,flower-beds1 selection of flowers for1 #aj4 ,foliage beds for lawns1 diagram of1 #aj1 #ab1 #ad1 #ae4 ,how to prepare the flower-garden1 #h4 ,lawns1 arrangement of1 #d4 ,ornamental grasses1 beds of1 #af4 ,ornamental plants for beds1 #d4 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#ia1 #ib4 ,glory of the ,snow1 #aia4 ,gloves1 gardening without1 ruinous to hands1 #bea4 ,gloxinia-cuttings1 treatment of1 #fj4 ,gloxinias1 #cg1 #ci1 #dh1 #eh1 #fj-fb1 #gh1 #gi1 #aea1 #bde1 #bdf4 ,an excellent place for1 #bde1 #bdf4 ,caring for the bulbs1 #gi4 ,high temperature required for growing1 #aea4 ,hints on potting1 #gi4 ,how seeds are sown1 #gh4 ,how to start the plants1 #aea4 ,in the cold-frame1 #cg4 ,keeping soil moist1 #gh4 ,mulch preferable to cultivation for1 #gi4 ,must be protected from heat1 cold1 and draughts1 #gh4 ,period of blooming1 #gi4 ,potting1 #gh4 ,golden ,glow 7,rudbeckia71 hardy yellow flower1 #aig4 ,golden ,saxatile ,alyssum1 #abb4 ,gourds-- ,develop rapidly after making root1 #acc4 ,good for covering fences or unsightly buildings1 #acb4 ,liable to cutworms1 #acc4 ,ornamental feature of summer garden1 #acb4 ,seed sown early in season1 #acb4 ,gracillima univittata ,eulalia1 ornamental grass1 #e4 ,grand ,lilas1 blue ,hyacinths1 #aib4 ,grass walks a nuisance to 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seedlings exceptionally large and early1 #hj4 ,more easily raised from seed than from cuttings1 #hj4 ,proper time for sowing the seed1 #hj4 ,secret of successful growing1 #hj4 ,should be in front of the sandbox1 #ci4 ,hen manure suitable for cold soils1 #bc4 ,hepaticas1 #bef4 ,hibiscus 7,marshmallow71 #aa1 #df1 #eh1 #ajc1 #ajg-aji1 #bjc4 ,africanus1 hardy annual1 #ajh4 ,an herbaceous perennial1 #ajh4 ,beds of1 #aa4 ,blooms freely if not allowed to seed1 #df4 ,chinese1 #eh4 ,coccinea1 a tender perennial1 #ajh4 ,cultivation of1 #ajg1 #ajh4 ,do not bear transplanting well1 #ajh4 ,flowers the first season if started early1 #ajh4 ,giant ,yellow1 partially hardy1 #ajh4 ,increase in size yearly1 #aji4 ,principal varieties of1 #ajg4 ,should be potted very hard1 #eh4 ,six-year clumps superb1 #aji4 ,supports for1 #aji4 ,time for planting1 #ajh4 ,hickory tussock-moth1 destroying cocoons of1 #bjd4 ,hints on planting and transplanting1 #ed-ef4 ,hints on potting1 #eg1 #eh4 ,hints on shifting plants1 #eg4 ,hollyhocks1 #aa1 #df1 #aji1 #aaj1 #bjc4 ,allegheny1 hardy variety1 #aaj4 ,attacks of insects on1 #aaj4 ,beds of1 #aa4 ,planting1 #aji4 ,require hilling up in winter1 #aaj4 ,seed of1 #df4 ,sowing the seed1 #aji4 ,suitable for effective grouping1 #aji4 ,honeysuckle1 #fa1 #beb4 ,layering valuable for1 #fa4 ,hoof-parings1 good for the perennial flower-bed1 #bh4 ,horse manure1 good in clayey soil1 #bc4 ,horsfieldi ,narcissus1 #aia1 #aib4 ,house-plant raising a most fascinating work1 #fb4 ,house-plants1 a good fertiliser for1 #bae4 ,care of1 in winter1 #bjh-baf4 ,cuttings of1 easily rooted1 #ej4 ,directions for handling1 #eh4 ,from seeds1 #fb-hg4 ,hotbed1 the1 #cj-cg4 ,a cheap way of making a1 #cb4 ,best position for1 #ca4 ,care and attention of1 #cf4 ,chicken netting for use as screens in the1 #cg4 ,construction of pit of1 #cb4 ,how to construct a1 #ca-cd4 ,screens for1 #cf4 ,treatment of plants in the1 #cc1 #cd4 ,hotbeds1 airing and protecting1 #bec4 ,hotbed-sashes1 cost of1 #ca4 ,proper size of1 #ca4 ,hot-water bath1 gives better results than insecticides1 #bej4 ,hyacinths1 #ch1 #agj1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #aib4 ,alba superbissima1 #aib4 ,baroness ,van ,thuyl1 #aib4 ,czar ,peter1 #aib4 ,grand ,lilas1 #aib4 ,hints on selecting1 #aib4 ,ida1 #aib4 ,la ,grandesse1 #aib4 ,norma gigantea1 #aib4 ,planting1 distance apart for1 #ahh4 ,roi des ,belges1 #aib4 ,should be planted alone1 #ahh4 ,treatment of1 and potting in the fall1 #aib1 #aic4 ,use of cold-frame for1 #ch4 ,varieties of1 #aib4 ,wood1 #aia4 ,hyacinths1 ,water1 #agj4 ,novelty of1 #agj4 ,nuisance of1 in ,florida rivers1 #agj4 ,paris green must not be used in water1 #agj4 ,roots increase rapidly1 #agj4 ,hypericum ,moserianum1 #aig4 ,i ,iceland ,poppies1 #aah4 ,ida1 yellow ,hyacinth1 #aib4 ,impatiens sultana1 #eh4 ,indian ,shot1 #ada4 ,insecticides1 #bdf-beb4 ,insects in the ,rosebud1 remedies for1 #agg4 ,instructions for raising seeds and young plants in flats or boxes1 #ej4 ,iris1 #bc1 #aff1 #aig4 ,care required in raising various kinds of1 #aig4 ,should be divided every three or four years1 #aii4 ,transplanting of1 #aif4 ,valuable for borders on drives and walks1 #aih4 ,see1 also1 ,japanese ,iris4 ,italia ,cannas1 #ae4 ,ivy1 use of1 for covering and protecting walls in ,england1 #abh4 ,ivy ,geraniums1 extra care required to keep low and stocky1 #gh4 ,j ,jackmanni ,clematis1 #ach4 ,japan ,lilies1 beds of1 #aa4 ,japanese ,hop-- ,deserves to be extensively grown1 #acc4 ,female plant only bears seed1 #acc4 ,foliage very showy and effective1 #acc4 ,pays well for care in cultivation1 #acc4 ,requires an elastic support1 #acd4 ,japanese ,iris1 best place for setting out1 #aj4 ,has no insect pest1 #aii4 ,moles have a liking for roots of1 #aii4 ,wonderful colours and size of1 #aii4 ,japanese ,morning-glory1 #ia1 #acd4 ,grown in pots by ,japanese1 #acd4 ,hints how to raise successfully1 #acd1 #ace4 ,requires support1 #ace4 ,should be started in house or hotbed1 #acd4 ,japanese ,tassel ,aster1 #ii4 ,june and ,july1 shrubs and plants that bloom in1 #bcg1 #bci1 #bdj4 ,june ,roses subject to insects1 #agf4 ,justicia1 #ic4 ,k ,kaiserin ,augusta ,victoria ,rose1 #agh4 ,kerosene emulsion1 #bej4 ,kilmarnock ,willow1 #adj4 ,krameri ,lily1 #ahb4 ,l ,lady-slipper4 ,see ,balsams4 ,lady ,washington ,geranium1 #gf4 ,la ,grandesse ,hyacinth1 #aib4 ,lantanas1 #db1 #df1 #ha-hc1 #ib4 ,description of1 #ha4 ,make fine hedgerows1 #hc4 ,may seed freely1 #df4 ,not a desirable plant for the house1 #hb4 ,starting the seed1 #hb4 ,treatment of1 in raising1 #hb4 ,weeping ,lantanas1 #ha1 #hc4 ,will bloom freely in the house1 #hc4 ,larkspur1 excellent for rear beds1 #aa4 ,lavender1 #aa4 ,lawn1 a neglected1 amount of labour involved in a1 #f4 ,layering1 a form of rooting cuttings1 #fa4 ,laying out flower-beds1 #ac1 #ad4 ,leaf-mould1 composition of1 #ah4 ,for flower-garden1 #g4 ,for use in boxes1 #dh4 ,how to make1 #ba4 ,where found1 #ah4 ,leaves1 an excellent protection to plants in the winter1 #bje4 ,lilies1 #i1 #aa1 #ab1 #afh1 #agi-ahd1 #bjd4 ,auratum ,lily bulbs1 #ahj4 ,best time for planting1 #ahc4 ,day1 #bja4 ,flame1 #ahc4 ,funkia1 #bja4 ,general treatment of all kinds of1 #ahb4 ,hardy1 planting of1 #ahc4 ,how ,japanese protect their plants1 #ahj4 ,ideal spot for1 #ab4 ,injured by exposure to air and thawings1 #ahj1 #aha4 ,japanese1 #aha1 #ahb4 ,krameri1 #ahb4 ,left to themselves1 growth of1 #ahc4 ,longiflorum1 #ahb4 ,plantain1 #bja4 ,washingtonianum1 #ahb4 ,lilium album1 description of1 #aha4 ,lilium auratum1 #ahj4 ,lilium ,brownii1 #ahb4 ,lilium candidum1 #ahj4 ,must be planted early1 #ahj4 ,soil required for1 #ahj4 ,lilium giganteum1 the most wonderful and tallest variety of ,lily1 #ahb4 ,lilium rubrum1 most easily grown1 #aha4 ,lilium speciosum1 exceeding beauty of1 #aha4 ,lily-bed1 the hardy1 #agi-ahd4 ,as a garden investment1 #agi4 ,building the bed1 #ahj4 ,fibrous-rooted plants1 hardy shrubs1 and perennials give best results1 #agi4 ,selecting a site for1 #ahj4 ,lily1 ,pond-- ,process of germination of1 #afi4 ,sowing the seed of1 #afi4 ,lily-pond-- ,cementing a pond1 #aff1 #afg4 ,constructing a1 #afe4 ,diverting a small stream for a1 #aff4 ,how to keep clear and sweet1 #agb4 ,objections raised to1 #aga4 ,renewing water in1 #afe4 ,zinc tubs for small water-ponds1 #afg4 ,liquid manure1 how to prepare1 #bf1 #bg4 ,how to use1 #bh4 ,little ,dorrit ,ageratum1 #ajb4 ,loam1 the best garden soil1 #ag4 ,longiflorum ,lily1 #ahb4 ,lotus1 #afh4 ,lotus ,peliorhynchus1 #ib4 ,lychnis1 herbaceous perennials1 #aih4 ,semperflorens plenissima1 #aih4 ,lychnis ,chalcedonica1 #aih4 ,m ,madame ,gunther ,nasturtium1 #aaa4 ,manettia ,vine1 #ic1 #acf4 ,blooms more freely when pot-bound1 #acg4 ,daily watering required1 #acf4 ,satisfactory for winter blooming1 #acf4 ,time for repotting1 #acg4 ,manure1 preparation of1 for the garden1 #bd4 ,proper use of1 in the hotbed1 #cb4 ,manure-barrel1 how to handle1 #bf1 #bg4 ,manure-water1 how to prepare1 #be1 #bf4 ,manures1 cow1 horse1 hen1 and sheep1 #bc4 ,quantity necessary for use1 #bi4 ,maples1 flowering1 #fc4 ,marguerite ,carnations1 best for outdoor blooming1 #gj4 ,marshmallow4 ,see ,hibiscus4 ,maurandya1 #df1 #ij1 #ia1 #ic1 #ace1 #bdf4 ,a beautiful vine for window-boxes1 #ij4 ,height of plant and colours of flowers1 #ace4 ,requires no special treatment1 #ace4 ,seed of1 gathered without harm to vine1 #df4 ,suitable for trellises1 window-boxes1 and vases1 #ace4 ,time for sowing seed1 #ace4 ,may1 trees1 shrubs1 and plants that bloom in1 #bce1 #bcf4 ,mealy bug1 remedy for the1 on house-plants1 #bdh4 ,metake ,bambusa1 #aga4 ,milk-and-,wine ,lily1 #afa4 ,see also ,crinum fimbriatum4 ,miranda ,petunia1 #hd4 ,mixed seeds1 variety of1 #fb4 ,moisture-loving plants1 best place for setting out1 #aj4 ,moles1 liking of1 for roots of ,japanese ,iris1 #aii4 ,netting and traps for1 #aii4 ,monkshood1 #aa1 #df1 #abb4 ,excellent for rear beds1 #aa4 ,montbretias-- ,desirable for cut flowers1 #aec4 ,keep well through winter in flour sacks1 #ahg4 ,may be grown in corners of flower-bed1 #aec4 ,multiply rapidly1 #aec4 ,resemble ,gladioli in flower and foliage1 #aec4 ,moonlight ,nasturtium1 #aaa4 ,morning-,glories1 #db1 #dd1 #df1 #ia1 #id1 #beb1 #bef4 ,reaching the roof by strings1 #id4 ,require little root room1 #id4 ,seed of1 #df4 ,see also ,japanese ,morning-,glories4 ,mountain ,fringe1 #abi4 ,mrs4 ,edward ,andre ,clematis1 #ach4 ,mrs4 ,robert ,perry ,rose1 #agh4 ,muck or peat1 preparation of1 #ah1 #ai4 ,myosotis1 #aai4 ,n ,narcissi1 #ch1 #ahh1 #aia1 #aib4 ,alba plena1 #aai4 ,all species are hardy1 #aia4 ,emperor and ,empress1 #aia1 #aib4 ,giant ,welshman1 #aib4 ,horsfieldi1 #aia1 #aib4 ,odoratus1 #aia4 ,paper white1 #aib4 ,planting of various varieties of1 #aij4 ,poeticus1 #aia4 ,treatment of1 and potting in the fall1 #aib1 #aic4 ,trumpet varieties of1 #aib4 ,use of cold-frame for1 #ch4 ,varieties of1 #aia1 #aib4 ,von ,sion1 #aia1 #aib4 ,nasturtiums1 #ae1 #de1 #ib1 #id1 #if1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #beb4 ,chameleon1 new variety1 #aaa4 ,dwarf varieties very attractive for ,canna-beds1 #aaj4 ,flourish well in elevated beds1 #aaa4 ,grown on strings and trellises1 #aaa4 ,madame ,gunther1 mixed variety1 #aaa4 ,make excellent edges for beds1 #ae4 ,moonlight1 pale cream variety1 #aaa4 ,require abundant root room1 #id4 ,saving seed of1 #de4 ,sunlight1 new variety1 #aaa4 ,tall varieties make effective beds1 #aaa4 ,trailers1 not climbers1 #aaa4 ,will not bloom well in shade1 #aaj4 ,nicotianas1 how to sow1 #ce4 ,nine-foot flower-beds1 #ae4 ,niobe ,antirrhinum1 for bedding1 #ih4 ,norma gigantea ,hyacinth1 #aib4 ,northern exposure1 combination of flowers suitable for window-boxes1 #ic1 #id4 ,nymphas1 #afh-agj4 ,hardy1 for planting in soil of ,lily-pond1 #afh4 ,varieties of1 suitable for amateur cultivation1 #afi4 ,o ,odds and ends1 chapter of1 #bde-beb4 ,odoratus ,narcissus1 #aia4 ,orchid-flowered ,cannas1 treatment of1 in winter1 #ahf4 ,oriental ,poppies1 #aah4 ,ornamental foliage plants1 beds of1 #d4 ,from seeds1 #ada-adf4 ,ornamental grasses1 #e4 ,nine-foot bed of1 #af4 ,on lawns recommended1 #af4 ,ornithogalum arabicum1 #aib4 ,requires high temperature1 #aid4 ,ostrich ,feather ,aster1 #ii4 ,otaheite ,orange1 #eh4 ,oxalis1 ,summer-blooming-- ,advantage of precocity of growth1 #aed4 ,bermuda1 #aie4 ,desirable for borders1 #aed4 ,extensively grown in parks and public gardens1 #aed4 ,good substitute for other plants that have failed to come up1 #aed4 ,hints on raising1 #aie4 ,how to buy and set1 #aed4 ,most easily raised of all bulbous plants1 #aed4 ,rapid growth of1 #aed4 ,p ,ponia4 ,see ,peony4 ,pansies1 #aj1 #ah1 #bc1 #be1 #cd1 #cg1 #da1 #dd1 #ec1 #fg1 #ha1 #hd1 #he1 #aab-aah1 #bje1 #bjf1 #bec4 ,aurora1 #aaf4 ,best place for planting1 #aj4 ,cold weather1 care of1 during1 #aab1 #aac4 ,daily care of1 #bec4 ,fungoid disease and mildew1 remedy for1 #aae4 ,germination1 period of1 #aab4 ,giant ,cassier1 #aaf4 ,giant ,trimardeau1 #baf4 ,how to carry ,pansy bed through winter1 #aaf1 #aag4 ,how to raise sturdy plants1 #aab4 ,in the cold-frame1 #cg4 ,planting1 best place for1 #aae4 ,seeds1 fresh1 every year for best varieties1 #aaf4 ,snow ,queen1 #aaf4 ,soot as a fertiliser for1 #be4 ,sowing in cold-frame or hotbed1 #aab4 ,special mixtures of seeds1 #aaf4 ,spring1 treatment of roots in the1 #aac4 ,time for sowing seed1 #aab4 ,transplanting1 #aac4 ,watering beds of1 #aad4 ,pansy-bed1 the1 #aab-aai4 ,proper soil for1 #ah4 ,pansy-seed-- ,should be grown by a specialist1 #dd4 ,the best is the cheapest1 #da4 ,papa ,canna1 #ae4 ,paper ,white ,narcissus1 #aib4 ,paris green1 #ajj1 #agj1 #agb1 #agg1 #bdg1 #bdi4 ,paris green solution1 #bej4 ,parti-coloured beds of flowers1 arrangement of1 #aa4 ,pelargonium ,geraniums-- ,cuttings of1 for new plants1 #gg4 ,time for blooming1 #gg4 ,very satisfactory when raised from seed1 #gg4 ,pennisetum ,ruppellianum1 #af4 ,peonies1 #i1 #aa1 #agi1 #bjj1 #bja1 #bjd1 #bjf4 ,best soil and location for1 #bjj4 ,raised beds of1 #aa4 ,peony ,aster1 #ii4 ,peony-beds1 should be heavily mulched with manure in the fall1 #bja4 ,perennial-beds1 must be well rounded up1 #bjd4 ,perennials1 benefited by removal of withered flowers1 #df4 ,hardy1 grouping of1 in flowerbeds1 #aj4 ,perfection ,aster1 #ii4 ,perpetuals1 hardy1 #agf4 ,petunias1 #i1 #ce1 #db1 #de1 #eh1 #hc-he1 #ic1 #if1 #aag4 ,bloom freely in the house1 #he4 ,burpee's ,defiance1 #hd4 ,double variety more suitable for pots1 vases1 and bedding out1 #hd4 ,giant of ,california1 #hd4 ,growing plants of1 from seed1 #de4 ,how to distinguish the finer varieties1 #he4 ,how to sow seed of1 #ce4 ,improvement in growth of1 the last few years1 #hc4 ,instructions for raising1 #hd4 ,miranda1 #hd4 ,poor or inferior plants should be removed1 #he4 ,potting and caring for1 #he4 ,young plants require great care1 #hd4 ,phacelia1 #if4 ,phlox ,drummondi1 #aa1 #af1 #db1 #ia1 #if1 #aai4 ,beds of1 #aa4 ,border of dwarf variety1 #aai4 ,germination of seed1 #aai4 ,phlox subulata1 border plants of1 #h4 ,pinks1 grow best from self-sown seed1 #de4 ,plant enemies1 increase of1 #bdf1 #bdg4 ,plant growing1 failures in1 #eh4 ,plant lice1 or green fly1 remedies for1 #bdh4 ,plantain ,lily1 #bja4 ,planting seed1 #cd-cf4 ,plants-- ,blooming season of various1 #bcd-bdd4 ,for winter blooming should not be exposed to chilly nights1 #bjh4 ,how to treat when frozen1 #bac4 ,learning to keep1 #bed4 ,method of shifting and bedding out1 #ea4 ,need room to develop1 #bec4 ,no more should be raised than there is room for1 #bec4 ,proper breathing of1 #baa4 ,protecting from cold and sun1 #bjd1 #bje4 ,protection for tall ones1 #bjf4 ,received by mail1 treatment of1 before being put in window-boxes1 #ie4 ,saving seed and giving away cuttings1 #bed4 ,should have room to breathe and grow1 #bjh4 ,sudden change of temperature should be avoided1 #bab4 ,support should be given to such as need it1 #bab4 ,transplantation of1 in the fall1 #aif4 ,treatment of1 for winter blooming1 #ea4 ,wintering of1 #aif4 ,poa1 an edible food of the ,sandwich ,islands1 #adi4 ,pond ,lily1 #afi4 ,poeticus ,narcissus1 #aia4 ,poeticus ornatus ,narcissus1 #aia4 ,polyanthus1 #aia4 ,poppies1 #dd1 #aag-aai1 #agj4 ,hunnemannia fumarifolia1 #aah4 ,iceland1 #aah4 ,oriental1 #aah4 ,shirley1 #aag4 ,should not be grown too closely1 #aah4 ,value of seed from1 #dd4 ,poppies1 ,water1 #agj1 #aga4 ,attractiveness of1 #aga4 ,poppy-seed1 sowing in the ,pansy-bed1 #aag4 ,porches1 ,thunbergias valuable for covering foundations of1 #acf4 ,pot-bound plants1 how to remove1 #eg4 ,potting1 hints on1 #eg1 #eh4 ,potting-soil1 always keep ready for use1 #dj4 ,how to obtain1 #ba4 ,primroses1 #fc1 #hf1 #hg1 #bdf4 ,blooming time1 #hf4 ,general treatment of1 #hf4 ,potting1 #hf4 ,primula obconica grown in shallow dishes1 #hg4 ,raising from seed1 #hg4 ,receptacles for1 #hf4 ,repeated shifting aids blooming1 #hf4 ,root room necessary1 #hf4 ,primula obconica1 #hg4 ,primulas1 #dh1 #eh4 ,princess ,caroline ,ageratum1 #aja1 #ajb4 ,q ,queen ,charlotte ,cannas1 #ae4 ,queen of the ,north ,antirrhinum1 #ih4 ,r ,radicans ,bignonia1 #aci1 #adj4 ,ragged ,robin 7,viscaria71 red1 scented flower1 #aih4 ,ramona ,clematis1 #ach4 ,red ,spider1 remedy for1 #bdh4 ,repotting1 meaning of term1 #ef4 ,repotting house-plants in summer1 #dj4 ,rex ,begonia1 #ff4 ,rhododendrons1 protection of1 in ,northern winters1 #bjf4 ,ricinus 7,castor-oil ,plant71 #d1 #e1 #ad1 #ae1 #ah1 #bi1 #ce1 #df1 #aba1 #add1 #aej1 #bjj4 ,beds of1 #e4 ,good background for low shrubs1 #add4 ,in flower-beds1 #ad1 #ae4 ,most tropical looking plant in cultivation1 #add4 ,position of1 in the hotbed1 #ce4 ,proper soil for1 #ah4 ,seed of1 #df4 ,seeds should be started in house pots1 #add4 ,soil must be heavily manured and well watered1 #add4 ,transplanting1 #add4 ,zanzibar varieties best1 #add4 ,rockwork1 ,thunbergias valuable for covering1 #acf4 ,roi des ,belges1 a red ,hyacinth1 #aib4 ,rose1 the1 need of constant care of1 #bdg4 ,rose-bed1 care of the ,summer1 #agc-agh4 ,choice of plants for the1 #agh4 ,cutting and pruning1 #age1 #agf4 ,hardy ,perpetuals1 caring for1 #agf4 ,insect enemies of ,roses1 #agf1 #agg4 ,manuring1 #age4 ,planting the bed1 #age4 ,soil suitable for1 #age4 ,sunny1 protected situation necessary1 #age4 ,treatment of ,roses that refuse to bloom1 #agf4 ,rose-bug1 destruction of1 #bdi4 ,rose-bugs and beetles1 remedy for1 #agg4 ,rose ,campion 7,lychnis71 herbaceous perennial1 #aih4 ,rose-cuttings1 handling of1 #ei4 ,rose-garden1 design for1 #ab1 #ac4 ,rose-hopper or thrips1 on ,rose leaves1 remedy for1 #agg1 #bdh4 ,rose of ,sharon 7,althea7-- ,method of blooming1 #bjb4 ,winter care of young and old trees1 #bjb4 ,rose-slugs1 how to get rid of1 #agg1 #bdh4 ,rose1 ,june1 #agc1 #agd4 ,cultivation and pruning of1 #agc1 #agd4 ,hardy climbers1 treatment of1 #agd4 ,insects1 a pest to1 #agf4 ,labor of caring for1 objectionable to some1 #agc4 ,mulching in the fall1 #agd4 ,new wood should be encouraged1 #agd4 ,thorniness of1 #agc4 ,winter protection of1 #agd4 ,rose1 ,tea1 #agd1 #age4 ,excellent for summer ,rose-bed1 #agd4 ,insects1 generally free from1 #agf4 ,mildew1 how to avoid and remedy for1 #agg4 ,potting1 #age4 ,transplanting into open ground1 #age4 ,roses1 #c1 #ag1 #ah1 #bc1 #be1 #bg1 #cg1 #ci1 #eh1 #ei1 #fa1 #agc-agh1 #beb4 ,american ,beauty1 #agh4 ,bride1 #agh4 ,climbing1 winter protection of1 #bjd4 ,gruss an ,teplitz1 #agh4 ,kaiserin ,augusta ,victoria1 #agh4 ,kept in house in winter1 how to keep free from pests and insects1 #agh4 ,mrs4 ,robert ,perry1 #agh4 ,north winds disastrous to1 #c4 ,proper soil for1 #ag4 ,soot a good fertiliser for1 #be4 ,virginia ,r4 ,coxe1 #agh4 ,rubber gloves for garden work1 #bej4 ,rubber-plants1 rooting and care of1 #fj4 ,rubber sprinklers1 indispensable for watering hanging-baskets1 #bad4 ,rudbeckia1 #aig4 ,ruffled ,giant ,petunia1 #hd4 ,s ,s4 ,a4 ,nutt ,geranium1 for south and west window-boxes1 #ia4 ,st4 ,john's ,wort 7,hypericum ,moserianum71 a perennial1 #aig4 ,salt pork1 for keeping moles from ,iris roots1 #bjj4 ,salvia 7,flowering ,sage71 #e1 #ad1 #ae1 #ah1 #bi1 #df1 #abj4 ,bonfire1 #aba4 ,clara ,bedman1 #aba4 ,desirable for bedding purposes1 #abj4 ,do well in partial shade1 #abj4 ,most congenial soil1 #abj4 ,root readily in wet sand1 #aba4 ,scarlet1 #ad1 #ae4 ,seed germination1 #aba4 ,splendens1 #e1 #aba4 ,subject to red spider in the house1 #abj4 ,when to start seed1 #abj4 ,white-flowered variety1 #aba4 ,salvia patens1 #aba4 ,seldom seen in gardens1 #abb4 ,wonderful blue shade of1 #abb4 ,salvias-- ,proper soil for1 #ah4 ,seed freely1 #df4 ,san ,salvador ,coba1 #acj4 ,sand1 white or grey1 best for potting1 #ba4 ,sand-box1 the1 #ch-dj4 ,a fascinating spot1 #ci4 ,how to make one1 #ch4 ,summer storage of plants in1 #ch4 ,saxatile1 golden1 #abb4 ,desirable for edging or rockwork1 #abb4 ,scilla1 #ahi1 #aij1 #aib1 #aic4 ,scillas and ,crocuses-- ,a pretty way to grow1 #aij4 ,beds of1 #ahi4 ,lengthening of flower-stems1 #aij4 ,protection of1 #ahi4 ,screens for the hotbed1 #cf4 ,scythe-boxes make good window-boxes1 #id4 ,seed1 various annuals from1 #ih-aaa4 ,seedlings1 blossom in the natural course1 #fb4 ,seed-planting1 #cd-cf4 ,seeds1 coarse varieties1 how to sow1 #di4 ,fine varieties should be sown broadcast1 #di4 ,house treatment of some fine varieties1 #dh4 ,labelling and storing1 #dg4 ,need little light while germinating1 #di4 ,protection of1 in their early stages1 #cj4 ,purchasing of1 #da-dg4 ,should be gathered when ripe1 #dg4 ,starting in flats1 #dh-eb4 ,temperature and period of germination1 #cb4 ,time for germination of1 #bbh-bcb4 ,uselessness of buying cheap varieties of1 #db4 ,vitality of some kinds of1 #db4 ,what kinds to save1 #dc1 #dd4 ,where to buy1 #db4 ,where to plant coarse1 #ce4 ,september1 shrubs1 plants1 and bulbs that bloom during1 #bdb1 #bdc4 ,setaria magna1 #af4 ,shade-loving plants1 an excellent place for1 #bde1 #bdf4 ,sheep manure1 desirable for house-plants1 #bc4 ,shell ,flowers1 #aec4 ,shelves for flowers in winter1 #bjh4 ,should be securely fastened1 #bji4 ,shelter1 proper1 for flowers1 #c4 8,shifting10 meaning of term1 #ef4 ,shirley ,poppies in the ,pansy-bed1 #aag4 ,shrubbery1 planning a1 #ab4 ,shrubs1 blooming season of1 #bcd-bdd4 ,spring-planted1 should be moved when dormant1 #aif1 #aig4 ,shrubs and plants1 hardy1 for fall planting1 #aif4 ,sir ,watkin ,narcissus1 or ,giant ,welshman1 #aia1 #aib4 ,skirts1 suitable1 for working in the garden1 #beg4 ,slop-water should not be used for foliage plants1 #bg4 ,snapdragon4 ,see ,antirrhinums4 ,snow ,queen ,pansy1 #aaf4 ,cost of seed of1 #db4 ,snowdrops1 a pretty way to grow1 #aij1 #aia4 ,soapsuds a good fertiliser1 #bg4 ,sod1 preparing garden1 #h4 ,sod borders1 involve too much care in flower-beds1 #i4 ,soil1 preparation of1 for the flower-garden1 #g4 ,replacing1 difficulties of1 #bj4 ,unsuitable1 cause of many failures in raising plants1 #ai4 ,soils1 #ag-bb4 ,solanum ,jasminoides1 #ic4 ,soot as a fertiliser for flowers1 #be4 ,south slope1 the ideal situation for a garden1 #c4 ,southern exposure1 combination of flowers suitable for window-boxes1 #ia1 #ib4 ,souvenir de ,charles ,turner ,geranium1 #ia4 ,spade1 results secured by use of1 in making flower-beds1 #g4 ,spading flower-beds1 #h4 ,speciosum ,lilies1 exceeding beauty of1 #aha4 ,speciosum roseum ,lily1 #aha4 ,speciosum rubrum ,lily1 #aha4 ,sphagnum moss1 for wrapping ,rubber-plants' roots in1 #fj4 ,spira filipendula1 #aih4 ,spira ,japonica1 #aih4 ,spiras-- ,anthony ,waterer1 #aig4 ,desirable for fall or spring planting1 #aif4 ,filipendula1 #aig4 ,garden1 #aig4 ,mealy bug on1 #bdh4 ,van de ,houttei1 #aig4 ,spring1 treatment of roots and seeds in the1 #aac1 #aif4 ,spring-planted shrubs1 #aif4 ,stakes for house-plants1 #dj4 ,stocking window-boxes1 #ie4 ,subsoil1 removing for flowerbeds1 #g4 ,sulpho-tobacco soap1 a remedy for plant lice1 #bdh4 ,sulphur1 for mildew on ,pansies1 #aae4 ,flower of1 for dusting over rose-leaves to prevent mildew1 #agg4 ,summer1 shrubs1 plants and vines that bloom all the1 #bdc1 #bdd4 ,sunflower1 ,california1 #aig4 ,sunlight ,nasturtium1 #aaa4 ,sun-loving plants1 care of1 #baa4 ,supports for window-boxes1 how to make1 #id1 #ie4 ,surface-soil1 treatment of1 for flower-beds1 #g4 ,swanley ,blue ,ageratum1 #ajb4 ,sweet ,alyssum1 #e1 #i1 #ad1 #df1 #if1 #aba1 #abb4 ,little ,gem1 edging for flowerbeds1 #e1 #ad4 ,sows its own seed1 #df4 ,sweet-peas1 #df1 #abb-abd1 #beb1 #bec4 ,bewildering variety of1 #abd4 ,culture of1 #abb4 ,daily care of1 #bec4 ,habit of climbing1 #abc4 ,must not be permitted to seed1 #df4 ,planting1 #abb4 ,sowing seed of1 best time for1 #abb4 ,watering1 method of1 #abc4 ,wire supports necessary for growth1 #abc4 ,t ,tea-roses1 #cg4 ,freer from insects than ,june ,roses1 #agf4 ,in the cold-frame1 #cg4 ,temperature1 a sudden change of1 should be avoided with flowers1 #bab4 ,thawing out frozen plants1 #bac4 ,thermometer1 necessary for the hotbed1 #ce4 ,thunbergia 7,black-eyed ,susan71 #df1 #dg1 #ij1 #ib1 #ic1 #acf4 ,admirable for basket or bracket plants in winter1 #acf4 ,grow freely from seed1 #acf4 ,red spider attacks1 #acf4 ,requires sunny situation1 #acf4 ,seed may be gathered from1 #df4 ,valuable for covering low trellises1 #acf4 ,tigridias1 beautiful in colour1 #aec4 ,ephemeral flowers of1 #aec4 ,peculiar leaf of1 #aec1 #aed4 ,potting and bedding out1 #aec4 ,tobacco1 use of1 for killing plant-lice1 #bdh4 ,tom ,thumb ,ageratum1 desirable for edgings1 #aja4 ,tools necessary for the successful gardener1 #bde4 ,top-soil1 removal of1 in making flower-beds1 #g4 ,transplanting1 instructions for1 #ed4 ,seedlings1 #ej4 ,the proper time for1 #ed4 ,transplanting and repotting1 #ec4 ,trailing ,fuchsia1 #ia4 ,trapping moles in ,iris-beds1 #bjj4 ,trees1 blooming season of1 #bcd-bdd4 ,trellises1 ,thunbergias valuable for covering1 #acf4 ,trumpet ,vine1 #aci4 ,tuberoses1 do well in ,gladiola-bed1 #afd4 ,double ,pearl1 blooms but once1 #afc1 #afd4 ,must be started in a warm place1 #afc4 ,plenty of water required1 #afc4 ,potting1 #afc4 ,tulips1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #aic4 ,neglected beds of1 #ahi4 ,planting1 distance and depth for1 #ahh4 ,plants of same height and season should be set together1 #ahi4 ,storing away1 #ahi4 ,twelve-foot flower-beds1 #ad1 #ae4 ,u ,umbrella-plants1 #fj1 #gc1 #gd1 #afh4 ,how to start root1 #fj4 ,unsuitable soil1 cause of many failures in raising plants1 #ai4 ,urns1 ,thunbergias valuable for1 #acf4 ,v ,van ,houttei1 white ,spira1 #aig4 ,verbenas1 #dd1 #de1 #ib1 #if1 #abd-abg4 ,colours should be kept separate1 #abd4 ,enjoy rockwork1 #abe4 ,thrive in any good soil1 #abe4 ,treatment of seed before planting1 #abd4 ,vernon ,begonia1 #ff4 ,vincas 7,periwinkles71 #ae1 #af1 #df1 #id1 #abe4 ,as border for ,canna-bed1 #abe4 ,bloom more freely if not allowed to seed1 #df4 ,foliage and flowers1 colour and texture of1 #abe4 ,moisture1 fair amount of1 necessary1 #abf4 ,white-flowered1 #ae1 #af4 ,worthy extensive cultivation1 #abe4 ,vines1 #abh-adj4 ,prejudice against1 #abh4 ,time for planting1 #ec4 ,training of1 over sides of the sand-box1 #ci4 ,walls indestructible when covered with1 #abh4 ,violets1 #bc1 #cg4 ,dog-tooth1 #aia4 ,protection of cold-frame for1 #cg1 #ch4 ,virginia ,creeper1 #abh4 ,virginia ,r4 ,coxe ,rose1 #agh4 ,virgin's ,bower1 #acg4 ,viscaria 7,ragged ,robin71 a scented garden flower1 #aih4 ,von ,sion ,narcissus1 #aia1 #aib4 ,vulcan ,begonia1 #ff4 ,w ,walks1 garden1 construction of1 #i4 ,washingtonianum ,lily1 #ahb4 ,water gardens1 #ajd4 ,water ,hyacinths1 #agj4 ,water1 standing1 injures roots of all plants1 #bjd4 ,water-supply for elevated bed1 #e4 ,watering seeds in flats1 #ej4 ,watering soil in boxes1 #di4 ,watering-pot1 should not be used in sowing seed1 #cf4 ,weeping ,lantana1 #ha1 #hc4 ,see1 also1 ,lantana4 ,white1 the most valuable colour in the garden1 #aa4 ,wild ,cucumber1 #ij1 #ia1 #ic1 #if1 #acb1 #beb4 ,a beautiful background for ,geraniums in the window-box1 #ij4 ,willow1 ,kilmarnock1 #adj4 ,window-boxes1 inside1 best support for1 #id4 ,cheap and available boxes1 #ie1 #if4 ,combination of plants suitable for a southern exposure1 #ia1 #ib2 for eastern exposure1 #ib1 #ic2 for northern exposure1 #ic1 #id4 ,economical arrangement of1 #if4 ,geraniums best for south or west boxes1 #ia4 ,how to care for and raise flowers in1 #ig4 ,longevity of1 #if4 ,plants in1 require watering every day1 #bec4 ,preserving during winter1 #ie4 ,quantity of plants necessary for1 #hi1 #ij4 ,stocking1 #ie4 ,two boxes necessary for the season1 #ij4 ,window-boxes1 outside1 #hh-ig4 ,add to cheerfulness of rooms1 #hh4 ,plants best suited to the light should be selected for1 #hh4 ,proper construction of1 #hi4 ,suitable plants for1 #hh4 ,supply of water necessary1 #hi4 ,window-sashes1 old1 for use in making hotbeds1 #cb4 ,winter ,aconite1 #aia4 ,winter1 care of old and young trees in the1 #bjb4 ,winter protection of flowers and shrubs1 #bjc-bjg4 ,wire netting1 judicious use of1 in the flower garden1 #bea4 ,for ,moles1 #aii4 ,wood ,hyacinths1 #aia4 ,wooden frames1 best results from1 as winter protectors1 #bjc4 ,work-table1 indispensable in cultivating a garden1 #ci4 ,worthless seeds1 #db4 ,z ,zanzibar varieties of ,ricinus1 best for cultivation1 #add4 ,zonale ,geraniums1 time for blooming1 #gg4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,the ,,country ,,home ,,library ,,vol4 ,i ,the ,country ,home ,,vol4 ,,ii ,the ,orchard and ,fruit ,garden ,,vol4 ,,iii ,the ,flower ,garden ,,uniform ,,binding #c ,vols4 ,postpaid1 #e4jj1 ,net1 #d4ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,by ,arthur ,stanwood ,pier ,author of 8,the ,pedagogues0 ,,the ,,triumph ,the ,triumph has fire and pathos and romance and exhilarating humor4 ,it is a capital story that will keep a reader's interest from the first appearance of its hero1 the young doctor ,neal ,robeson1 to his final triumph--his triumph over himself and over the lawless1 turbulent oil-drillers1 his success in his profession and in his love affair4 ,it displays a delightful appreciation of the essential points of typical ,american characters1 a happy outlook on every-day life1 a vigorous story-telling ability working in material that is thrilling in interest1 in a setting that is picturesque and unusual4 ,the action takes place in a little western ,pennsylvania village at the time of the oil fever1 and a better situation can scarcely be found4 ,mr4 ,pier's account of the fight between the outraged villagers and the oil-drillers around a roaring1 blazing gas well is a masterpiece of story telling4 ,illustrations by ,w4 ,d4 ,stevens ,cloth #abmo #a4ej ,mc,clure1 ,phillips ,co4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,the ,country ,home ,library ,,the ,,country ,,home ,by ,e4 ,p4 ,powell4 ,vol4 #a ,a practical book telling how to establish yourself in the country and get the most profit and comfort out of your homestead4 ,there are chapters on selecting a site for the home1 building the house1 laying out of the grounds1 the planting of gardens1 drainage for the water supply1 etc41 etc4 ,it is brimful of just the information anyone planning life in the country would want4 ,illustrated4 ,postpaid1 #a4fb2 net1 #a4ej ,,the ,,orchard ,,and ,,fruit ,,garden ,by ,e4 ,p4 ,powell4 ,vol4 #b ,a volume in a popular practical vein on the selection and cultivation of fruit-bearing trees1 bushes and vines4 ,it covers all fruits that will grow in this country4 ,it will be invaluable to any country dweller4 ,the author is one of ,new ,york's prize fruit-growers4 ,fully illustrated4 ,postpaid1 #a4fb2 net1 #a4ej4 ,,the ,,flower ,,garden ,by ,ida ,d4 ,bennett4 ,vol4 #c ,a complete hand-book of garden lore by a practical gardening woman covering all points about the selection of the site1 laying out of the garden1 choosing of flowers and the cultivation and care of them4 ,postpaid1 #b4ag2 net1 #b4jj4 ,mc,clure1 ,phillips ,co41 ,new ,york4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,by ,m4 ,imlay ,taylor ,author of 8,the ,house of the ,wizard0 ,,the ,,rebellion ,,of ,,the ,,princess ,a book that is a story1 and never loses the quick1 on-rushing1 inevitable quality of a story from the first page to the last4 ,stirring1 exciting1 romantic1 satisfying all the essential requirements of a novel4 ,the scene is laid in ,moscow at the time of the election of ,peter the ,great1 when the intrigues of rival parties overturned the existing government1 and the meeting of the ,national ,guard made the city the scene of a hideous riot4 ,it resembles in some points ,miss ,taylor's successful first story1 8,on the ,red ,staircase10 especially in the date1 the principal scenes and the fact that the hero is a ,french nobleman4 ,cloth1 #abmo #a4ej ,mc,clure1 ,phillips ,co4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,by ,edward ,w4 ,townsend ,author of 8,chimmie ,fadden10 8,days ,like ,these10 etc4 ,,lees ,,and ,,leaven ,no novel of ,new ,york ,city has ever portrayed so faithfully or so vividly our new world ,gotham--the seething1 rushing ,new ,york of to-day1 to which all the world looks with such curious interest4 ,mr4 ,townsend1 gives us not a picture1 but the bustling1 nerve-racking pageant itself4 ,the titan struggles in the world of finance1 the huge hoaxes in sensational newspaperdom1 the gay life of the theatre1 opera1 and restaurant1 and then the calmer and comforting domestic scenes of wholesome living1 pass1 as actualities1 before our very eyes4 ,in this turbulent maelstrom of ambition1 he finds room for love and romance also4 ,there is a bountiful array of characters1 admirably drawn1 and especially delightful are the two emotional and excitable lovers1 young ,bannister and ,gertrude ,carr4 ,the book is unlike ,mr4 ,townsend's 8,chimmie ,fadden0 in everything but its intimate knowledge of ,new ,york life4 ,cloth1 #abmo #a4ej ,mc,clure1 ,phillips ,co4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,by ,s4 ,r4 ,crockett ,author of 8,the ,banner of ,blue10 8,the ,firebrand0 ,,flower ,o' ,,the ,,corn ,mr4 ,crockett has made an interesting novel of romance and intrigue4 ,he has chosen a little town in the south of ,france1 high up in the mountains1 as the scene for his drama4 ,the plot deals with a group of ,calvinists who have been driven from ,belgium into southern ,france1 where they are besieged in their mountain fastness by the ,french troops4 ,a number of historical characters figure in the book1 among them ,madame de ,maintenon4 8,flower o' the ,corn0 is probably one of ,mr4 ,crockett's most delightful women characters4 ,the book is notable for its fine descriptions4 ,cloth1 #abmo #a4ej ,mc,clure1 ,phillips ,co4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,by ,edith ,wyatt ,author of 8,every ,one ,his ,own ,way0 ,,true ,,love ,a ,comedy of the ,affections ,here commonplace1 every-day1 ordinary people tread the boards4 ,the characters whom ,miss ,wyatt presents are not geniuses1 or heroes1 or heroines of romance1 but commonplace persons with commonplace tricks and commonplace manners and emotions4 ,they do romantic things without a sense of romance in them1 but weave their commonplace doings into a story of great human interest that the reader will find far from commonplace4 ,the vein of humorous satire1 keen1 subtle and refined1 permeating the story and the characterization1 sets this work of ,miss ,wyatt's in a class by itself4 ,cloth1 #abmo #a4ej ,mc,clure1 ,phillips ,co4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcriber's note3 #a4 ,moved advertisement from second page to just after the ,index4 #b4 ,silently corrected typographical errors4 #c4 ,retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed4