,,the ,,irish ,,penny ,,journal4        
,,number #be4       ,,saturday1         
,,december #ai1 #ahdj4      ,,volume ,i4
    ,illustration3 ,,the ,,monument ,,to
 ,,the ,,memory ,,of ,,dr ,,doyle1 ,,by 
,,hogan4    ,in presenting our readers  
with a drawing1 made expressly for the  
purpose1  of the ,monumental ,sculpture 
intended to memorise the mortal form of 
an  illustrious ,irishman1 who was      
beloved and honoured by the great mass  
of  his countrymen1 and respected for   
his talents by all1 we have done that   
which we trust will give as much        
pleasure to most of our readers1 as it  
has afforded gratification to ourselves4
    ,this monument is indeed a truly    
interesting one1 whether considered in  
reference to its subject--the character 
of the distinguished individual  whose  
memory it is designed to honour--the    
circumstances which have given  it      
existence--or1 lastly1 as a work of high
 art1 the production of an  ,irishman   
whose talents reflect lustre on his     

country4 ,it is1 however1 in  this last 
point of view only1 that1 consistently  
with the plan originally  laid down for 
the conduct of our little periodical1 we
 can venture to  treat of it2 and       
considered in this way1 we cannot       
conceive a subject  more worthy of      
attracting public attention or more     
legitimately within  the scope of one of
 the primary objects our ,journal was   
designed to  effect--namely1 to make our
 country1 and its people1 without       
reference to  sect or party1 more       
intimately known than they had been     
previously1 not  only to strangers1 but 
even to ,irishmen themselves4    ,in our
 present object1 therefore1 of lending  
our influence1 such as it  is1 to make  
the merits of a great ,irish artist more
 thoroughly known  and justly           
appreciated1 by our countrymen in       
particular1 than they have  hitherto    
been1 we are only discharging a duty    
necessarily imposed upon  us2 and the   
pleasure which we feel in doing so would

 be great indeed1  if it were not       
diminished by the saddening reflection  
that it should  be so necessary in the  
case of an artist of his eminence4 ,but1
 alas6  the scriptural adage1 that no   
man is a prophet in his own country1 is 
unfortunately nowhere so strikingly     
illustrated as in ,ireland1 and of  this
 fact ,mr ,hogan is a remarkable        
example4 ,holding1 as he unquestionably 
does1 a high place among the most       
eminent sculptors of ,europe1 he is as  
yet unpatronized by the aristocracy of  
his native country--is indeed  perhaps  
scarcely known to them4    ,mr ,hogan is
 not1 as generally supposed1 a native of
 ,cork3 he was born at  ,tallow1 in the 
county of ,waterford1 in #ahjj1 where   
his father carried on  the business of a
 builder4 ,he is of good family1 both by
 the paternal  and maternal sides2 his  
father being of the old ,dalcassian     
tribe of the  ,o',hogans1 the chiefs of 
whom were located in the seventeenth    
century at  ,ardcrony1 in the county of 

,tipperary1 four miles and a half to the
 north  of ,nenagh1 where the remains of
 their castle and church are still to   
be seen4 ,by the mother's side he is    
descended from the celebrated ,sir      
,richard ,cox1 ,lord ,chief ,justice of 
,ireland in the reign of ,william and   
,mary1 and ,lord ,chancellor in that of 
,queen ,anne1 his mother1 ,frances ,cox1
  being the great-granddaughter of that 
eminent individual4    ,having received 
the ordinary school education1 he was   
placed by his  father1 in the year      
#ahab1 under an attorney in ,cork1 named
 ,michael  ,footte1 with a view to his  
ultimately embracing the legal          
profession1  and in this situation he   
remained for two years4 ,this was the   
most  unhappy period of his existence2  
for1 like ,chantrey1 the greatest of    
,british sculptors1 who was also        
articled to an attorney1 being endowed  
by nature expressly to become an artist1
 the original bias of his mind  to      
drawing and carving had by this time    

become a passion2 and despite of  the   
frequent chastisements his master       
bestowed on him1 in the exuberance  of  
his zeal to curb what he considered his 
idle propensities1 his whole  soul was  
given1 not to law1 but to the ,fine     
,arts1 and an artist he became          
accordingly4 ,his father and his master 
seeing the utter uselessness of  any    
further attempts to divert his mind from
 its apparently destined  course1 he was
 released from his irksome employment1  
and at the age of  fourteen entered the 
office of ,mr ,deane1 now ,sir ,thomas  
,deane1 of ,cork1  as an apprentice1    
where he was soon employed as a         
draughtsman and carver  of models1 with 
a view to his becoming ultimately an    
architect4 ,in ,mr  ,deane he found a   
master who had the intellect to enable  
him to appreciate  his talents1 and the 
good feeling to induce him to encourage 
them2 and  the first use he made of the 
chisels with which his patron supplied  
him1  was to produce a carving in wood  

of a female skeleton the size of life1  
on which ,dr ,woodroffe for a season was
 able to lecture his pupils1 as  if it  
were1 what it actually seems1 a real    
skeleton in form and colour4  ,under the
 instruction of this gentleman ,mr      
,hogan studied anatomy for  several     
years1 during which period he made for  
his improvement many  carvings in wood  
of hands and feet1 and also essayed his 
talents on a  figure of ,minerva the    
size of life1 which still remains over  
the entrance  of the ,life and ,fire    
,insurance ,office in the ,south ,mall4 
,but though ,mr ,hogan was thus employed
 in pursuits congenial to his  tastes1  
and to a great degree conducive to his  
future eminence as a  sculptor1 the idea
 of embracing sculpture as a profession 
did not occur  to him for several years 
after1 nor were the requisite means of  
study  for that profession provided for 
the student in ,cork at this time4      
,there  was as yet in that city no      
,academy of ,arts or other institution  

like  those in ,dublin1 provided1 for   
the use of students1 with those objects 
which are so essential to the formation 
of a correct taste in the  higher       
departments of the ,fine ,arts1 namely1 
a selection of casts from  the antique  
statues3 and until such subjects for    
study were acquired1  the efforts of    
genius1 however ardent1 in the pursuit  
of beauty and  excellence1 were         
necessarily blind and fortuitous4       
,happily1 however1  this desideratum was
 at length supplied in ,cork1 where a   
,society for  ,promoting the ,fine ,arts
 was formed in ,february #ahaf2 and to  
this  ,society the ,prince ,regent1 in  
#ahah1 through the intercession of the  
late ,marquis of ,conyngham and other   
,irish noblemen who had influence  with 
him1 was induced to present a selection 
of the finest casts from  the antique   
statues1 which had been sent him as a   
gift by the ,roman  ,pontiff1 and the   
value of which the ,prince but little   
appreciated4 ,the  result was not only  

beyond anything that the most sanguine  
could have  anticipated in the rapid    
creation of artists of first-rate       
excellence1  but also in establishing   
the fact that among our own countrymen  
the  finest genius for art abundantly   
exists1 and that it only requires  the  
requisite objects for study1 with       
encouragement1 to develope it4  ,the    
presence of these newly acquired        
treasures of ancient art1 which         
consisted of one hundred and fifteen    
subjects selected by ,canova1 and  cast 
under his direction1 kindled a flame in 
,mr ,hogan's mind never to  be          
extinguished but with life1 and he      
immediately applied himself to  their   
study with his whole heart and soul4    
,thus occupied he remained  till #ahbc1 
surrounded and excited to emulation by  
the kindred spirits of  ,mac ,clise1    
,scottowe1 ,ford--the glorious          
,ford6--,buckley the architect1  equally
 glorious--,keller1 his own brother     
,richard1 and many other of  lesser     

names--many of whom1 alas for their own 
and their country's fame6  paid the     
price of their early distinction with   
their lives4 ,well may the  people of   
,cork feel proud of this constellation  
of youthful genius--a  brighter one was 
never assembled together in recent      
times4    ,the period1 however1 had now 
arrived when the eagle wing of ,hogan   
was  to try its strength2 and most      
fortunately for him1 an accident at this
  time brought to ,cork a man more than 
ordinarily gifted with the power to     
assist him in its flight4 ,the person we
 allude to was the late ,william        
,paulett ,carey1 an ,irishman no less   
distinguished for his abilities as a    
critical writer on works of art1 than   
for his ardent zeal in aiding the       
struggles of genius1 by making their    
merit known to the world4 ,in ,august   
#ahbc1 this gentleman1 on the occasion  
of paying a visit to the gallery of  the
 ,cork ,society1 8accidentally saw a    
small figure of a ,torso1 carved in     

pine timber1 which had fallen down under
 one of the benches4 ,on taking  it up10
 to continue ,mr ,carey's own           
interesting narrative1 8he was struck   
by the correctness and good taste of the
 design1 and the newness of  the        
execution4 ,he was surprised to find a  
piece of so much excellence1  apparently
 fresh from the tool1 in a place where  
the arts had been so  recently          
introduced1 and where he did not expect 
to meet anything but  the crude essays  
of uninstructed beginners4 ,on inquiry  
he was informed  it was the work of a   
young native of ,cork1 named ,hogan1 who
 had been  apprenticed to the trade of a
 carpenter under ,mr ,deane1 an eminent 
builder1 and had at his leisure hours   
studied from the ,papal casts1 and      
practised carving and modelling with    
intense application4 ,hogan was then  at
 work above stairs1 in a small apartment
 in the ,academy4 ,the stranger         
immediately paid him a visit1 and was   
astonished at the rich composition  of a

 ,triumph of ,silenus1 consisting of    
fifteen figures1 about fourteen  inches 
high1 designed in an antique style1 by  
this self-taught artist1  and cut in    
bas-relief1 in pine timber4 ,he also saw
 various studies of  hands and feet2 a  
grand head of an ,apostle1 of a small   
size2 a copy of  ,michael ,angelo's     
mask2 some groups in bas-relief after   
designs by ,barry2  and a female        
skeleton1 the full size1 after nature2  
all cut with delicacy  and beauty1 in   
the same material4 ,a copy of the       
antique ,silenus and  ,satyrs1 in stone1
 was chiselled with great spirit2 and   
the model of a  ,roman soldier1 about   
two feet high1 would have done credit to
 a veteran  sculptor4 ,a number of his  
drawings in black and white chalks1 from
 the  ,papal casts1 marked his          
progressive improvement and sense of    
ideal  excellence4 ,the defects in his  
performances were such as are           
inseparable  from an early stage of     
untaught study1 and were far            

overbalanced by their  merits4 ,when his
 work for his master was over for the   
day1 he usually  employed his hours in  
the evening in these performances4 ,the 
female  skeleton had been all executed  
during the long winter nights40         
,becoming thus acquainted with ,mr      
,hogan's abilities1 ,mr ,carey1 with    
that  surprising prophetic judgment with
 which he was so eminently gifted1  at  
once predicted the young sculptor's     
future fame1 and proclaimed his  genius 
in every quarter in which he hoped it   
might prove serviceable to  him4 ,he    
commenced by writing a series of        
letters1 which were inserted  in the    
,cork ,advertiser1 8addressed to the    
nobility1 gentry1 and opulent           
merchants1 entreating them to raise a   
fund by subscription1 to defray the     
expense of sending ,hogan to ,italy1 and
 supporting him there for three  or four
 years1 to afford him the advantages of 
studying at ,rome40 ,but  for some time 
these letters proved ineffectual1 and   

would probably have  failed totally in  
their object but for ,mr ,carey's       
untiring zeal4 ,acting  under his       
direction1 ,mr ,hogan was induced to    
address a letter to that  noble patron  
of ,british genius1 the late ,lord de   
,tabley1 then ,sir ,john  ,fleming      
,leicester1 and to send him at the same 
time two specimens of his  carvings1 8as
 the humble offering of a young         
self-taught artist40 ,this  letter1     
which was backed by one from ,mr ,carey 
himself1 was responded  to at once in a 
letter written in the kindest spirit1   
and which  contained an enclosure of    
twenty-five pounds as ,sir ,john's      
subscription  to the proposed fund4     
,this was the first money actually paid 
in1 and  subscriptions soon followed    
from others4 ,through ,mr ,carey's      
enthusiastic  representations1 the      
,royal ,irish ,institution was induced  
to contribute  the sum of one hundred   
pounds1 and the ,royal ,dublin ,society 
to vote  twenty-five pounds for some    

specimens of his carvings which ,mr     
,hogan  submitted to their notice4      
,these acts of liberality were          
honourable to  those public bodies2 yet1
 as ,mr ,carey well observed1 it was to 
,lord de  ,tabley's generosity that ,mr 
,hogan's gratitude was most due4 ,here1 
as he  said1 8was a young man of genius 
in obscurity1 and wholly unknown to his 
lordship1 rescued from adversity in the 
unpromising morning of life--a          
self-taught artist built up to fame and 
fortune by his munificence--a  torch    
lighted1 which ,i hope will burn bright 
for ages1 to the honour of  the empire4 
,,hogan may receive thousands of pounds 
from future patrons1  but it is to ,lord
 de ,,tabley',s timely encouragement    
that he will be  indebted for every     
thing40    ,the subscriptions collected 
for ,mr ,hogan amounted in all to the   
sum of  two hundred and fifty pounds2   
and thus provided1 he set out for       
,italy1  visiting ,london on his way1   
for the purpose of presenting letters to

  ,sir ,thomas ,lawrence and ,sir       
,francis ,chantrey1 which ,lord de      
,tabley had  given him1 in the hope that
 they would procure him recommendatory  
letters  from those great artists that  
would be serviceable to him in ,rome4   
,but  these introductions proved of     
little value to him4 ,chantrey expressed
  regret that he knew no one in the     
8,eternal ,city0 to whom he could give  
him a letter2 and though ,lawrence      
kindly gave him an introduction to  the 
,duchess of ,devonshire1 that           
distinguished lady had died a few days  
before ,mr ,hogan reached ,rome2 8so    
that10 as ,mr ,carey remarks1 8he found 
himself an entire stranger1 with little 
knowledge of the world1 without         
acquaintance or patron1 and incapable of
 speaking the language1 at the  moment  
of commencing his studies in ,italy40   
,but the young sculptor1 on leaving his 
native country1 was provided by  ,lord  
de ,tabley with something more valuable 
than these letters to ,british          

artists--namely1 a commission to execute
 a statue in marble for him1 as  soon as
 he should think himself qualified by   
his preparatory studies for  the        
undertaking4    ,the statue1 which was  
to launch the young sculptor into       
professional life  in ,italy1 was       
commenced soon after1 but was not       
completed before his  noble patron had  
paid the debt of nature4 ,its subject1  
which is taken  from ,gessner's ,death  
of ,abel1 is ,,eve1 who shortly after   
her expulsion  from ,paradise picks up a
 dead bird1 which being the first       
inanimate  creature that she has seen1  
fills her with emotions of surprise1    
terror1  and pity4 ,this statue1 which  
is the size of life1 and which is of    
exquisite beauty1 is now at ,lord de    
,tabley's seat in ,cheshire4    ,while  
this statue was in progress1 ,mr ,hogan 
conceived the subject and  completed the
 model of his second great work--one in 
which the peculiar  powers of his genius
 were more fully developed1 and on the  

execution of  which1 from peculiar      
circumstances1 he entered with the most 
excited  enthusiasm4 ,during the first  
year of his residence at ,rome1 ,mr     
,hogan  happening to be present at an   
evening meeting of artists of eminence1 
the  conversation turned on the         
difficulty of producing any thing in    
sculpture  perfectly original2 and to   
,mr ,hogan's astonishment1 the          
celebrated  ,british sculptor ,gibson   
stated as his opinion that it was       
impossible  now to imagine an attitude  
or expression in the human figure which 
had  not been already appropriated by   
the great sculptors of antiquity4 ,this 
opinion1 though coming from one to whom 
our countryman then looked up1  appeared
 to him a strange and unsound one1 and  
with the diffidence of  an artist whose 
powers were as yet untried1 he ventured 
to express his  dissent from it2 when   
,gibson1 astonished at his presumption1 
somewhat  pettishly replied1 8,then let 
us see if you are able to produce such  

an original work60 ,the challenge thus  
publicly offered could not be  refused  
by one of ,hogan's temperament2 and the 
young sculptor1 stung with  the taunt1  
lost no time in entering upon a work    
which was to test his  abilities as an  
artist1 and to rescue his character from
 the imputation  of vanity and rashness4
 ,under such feelings ,mr ,hogan toiled 
day and  night at his work1 till he     
submitted to the artists in whose       
presence  the challenge had been        
offered1 the result of his labours--his 
statue  of the ,drunken ,faun--a work   
which the great ,thorwaldsen pronounced 
a  miracle of art1 and which1 if ,hogan 
had never produced another1 would  have 
been alone sufficient to immortalize his
 name4 ,it is to be regretted  that this
 figure1 which has all the beauty and   
truth of the antique  sculpture1        
combined with the most perfect          
originality1 and which ,mr ,hogan       
himself has recently expressed his      
conviction that it is beyond his  power 

to excel1 should never have been        
executed in marble2 but a cast of  it1  
presented by ,lord de ,tabley to the    
,royal ,irish ,institution 7though      
intended by ,mr ,hogan for the ,dublin  
,society71 may still be seen in their   
deserted hall4    ,we have given these1 
as we trust1 not uninteresting details  
of ,mr ,hogan's  early life1 at greater 
length than the limits assigned to our  
article  can well allow1 and we must    
notice his subsequent career in briefer 
terms4 ,though enrolled now among the   
resident sculptors in ,rome1 his        
difficulties were not yet over2 and in  
spite of the most enthusiastic  efforts 
on his part1 they might and probably    
would have been ineffectual  in         
sustaining him1 if no friendly aid had  
come to his assistance4 ,in two  years  
after his arrival in ,rome1 or at the   
end of the year #ahbe1 ,hogan  found    
himself again in a state of             
embarrassment1 without a commission1    
his funds exhausted1 or at least reduced

 to a state inadequate to the  necessary
 outlay of a sculptor in the purchase of
 marble1 the rent of a  studio1 and the 
payment of living models4 ,for his      
extrication from these  difficulties he 
was again indebted to the liberality of 
,lord de ,tabley  and the zeal of his   
advocate ,mr ,carey1 by whom a second   
subscription was  collected1 chiefly in 
,england1 amounting to one hundred and  
fifty pounds2  of which sum twenty-five 
pounds was contributed by ,lord de      
,tabley in the  first instance1 and     
twenty-five pounds by the ,royal ,irish 
,institution4  ,trifling as this amount 
was1 it proved sufficient for its       
object1 and ,mr  ,hogan was never again 
necessitated to receive pecuniary       
assistance from  the public4    ,he     
applied himself forthwith to the        
production of a marble figure  intended 
for his friend and former master ,sir   
,thomas ,deane1 but which  when finished
 his necessities obliged him to dispose 
of to the present  ,lord ,powerscourt1  

and for which he received one hundred   
pounds1 being  barely the cost of the   
marble and roughing out or boasting4    
,this statue1  which is about half the  
size of life1 is now preserved in       
,powerscourt  ,house2 and we may remark1
 that it is the only work of our        
countryman in  the possession of an     
,irish nobleman4 ,his next important    
work was the  exquisite statue of the   
,dead ,christ1 now placed beneath the   
altar of  the ,roman ,catholic church in
 ,clarendon ,street4 ,this work was     
originally  ordered for a chapel in     
,cork by the ,rev4 ,mr ,o',keeffe2 but  
that gentleman1  on its arrival in      
,dublin1 not being able to raise the    
funds required for  its payment1        
permitted ,mr ,hogan to dispose of it to
 the clergymen of  ,clarendon ,street1  
who paid for it the sum originally      
stipulated1 namely1  four hundred and   
fifty pounds2 and we need scarcely add1 
that this statue  is one of the most    
interesting objects of art adorning our 

metropolitan  city4 ,mr ,hogan          
subsequently executed a duplicate of    
this statue1 but with  some changes in  
the design1 for the city of ,cork2 but  
we regret to have  to add that he has   
been as yet but very inadequately       
rewarded for his  labours on that work1 
a sum of two hundred and thirty-seven   
pounds being  still due him1 and the    
amount which he has actually received   
7two hundred  pounds7 being barely the  
cost of the marble and rough            
workmanship4    ,the execution of this  
statue was followed by that of a large  
sepulchral  monument in basso relievo to
 the memory of the late ,dr ,collins1   
,roman  ,catholic ,bishop of ,cloyne--a 
figure of ,religion holding in her lap a
  medallion portrait of the bishop4 ,for
 this work ,mr ,hogan was to have       
received two hundred pounds1 but there  
is still a balance of thirty  pounds due
 to him4    ,we next find ,mr ,hogan    
engaged on a second work for our        
city--the ,pieta1  or figures of the    

,virgin and the ,redeemer1 of colossal  
size1 executed in  plaster for the ,rev4
 ,dr ,flanagan1 ,roman ,catholic ,rector
 of the chapel in  ,francis ,street1    
which it now adorns4 ,of this work1 an  
engraving1 with a  masterly description 
and eulogium from the pen of the        
,marchese ,melchiori1  a great authority
 in matters of critical taste in the    
fine arts1 has  been published in the   
,ape ,italiana--a work of the highest   
authority1  published monthly in ,rome2 
and we should state for the honour of   
our  country1 that our own ,hogan and   
the sculptor ,gibson are the only       
,british  artists whose works have as   
yet found a place in it4    ,mr ,hogan's
 subsequent works1 exclusive of a number
 of busts1 may now  be briefly          
enumerated4 ,first1 a marble figure of  
the late ,archbishop  of ,paris1 about  
two and a half feet high1 executed for  
the ,lord de  ,clifford2 second1 the    
,judgment of ,paris--two figures in     
marble about the  same height as the    

last--for ,general ,sir ,james ,riall1  
an ,irish baronet  resident in ,bath2   
third1 a monumental alto relievo to the 
memory of  ,miss ,farrell of ,dublin1   
executed for her mother1 and considered 
by  ,gibson as the best of all our      
sculptor's works2 fourth1 a ,genio on a 
sarcophagus1 a monument for the family  
of the late ,mr ,murphy of ,cork2  and1 
lastly1 the ,monument to ,dr ,doyle1 on 
which we have now to utter a  few       
remarks4    ,of the general design of   
this noble monument our prefixed        
illustration  will afford a tolerably   
correct idea2 but it would require more 
than one  illustration of this kind to  
convey an adequate notion of its various
  beauties and merits1 for there is     
scarcely a point in which it can be     
viewed in which it is not equally       
effective and striking4 ,the subject1   
as a sculptural one should be1 is of the
 most extreme simplicity1 and  yet of   
the most impressive interest--a         
,christian prelate in the act of        

offering up a last appeal to heaven for 
the regeneration of his country1  which 
is personified by a beautiful female    
figure1 who is represented in  an       
attitude of dejection at his side4 ,in  
this combination of the real and  the   
allegorical there is nothing obscure or 
unintelligible even to the  most        
illiterate mind4 ,in the figure of the  
prostrate female we recognise  at a     
glance the attributes of our country1   
and there existed no necessity  for the 
name 8,erin10 inserted in very          
questionable taste upon her zone1  to   
determine her character4 ,she is        
represented as resting on one knee1  her
 body bent and humbled1 yet in her      
majestic form retaining a fullness  of  
beauty and dignity of character2 her    
turret-crowned head resting on  one arm1
 while the other1 with an expression of 
melancholy abandonment1  reclines on and
 sustains her ancient harp4 ,in the male
 figure which  stands beside her in an  
attitude of the most unaffected grace   

and  dignity1 we see a personification  
of the sublime in the ,episcopal        
character4 ,he stands erect1 his        
enthusiastic and deeply intellectual    
countenance directed upwards            
imploringly1 while with one hand he     
touches  with delicate affection his    
earthly mistress1 and with the other1   
stretched forth with passionate         
devotion1 he appeals to heaven for her  
protection4 ,this is true and enduring  
poetry2 and1 as expressive of the       
sentiment of religious patriotism       
unalloyed by any selfish consideration1 
is far superior to the thought which    
,moore has so exquisitely expressed  in 
the well-known lines--        8,in my   
last humble prayer to the spirit above1 
,thy name shall be mingled with mine60  
,such is the touching poetical sentiment
 embodied in this work1 which1          
considered merely as a work of art1 has 
merits above all praise4  ,in the beauty
 of its forms1 its classical purity of  
design1 its  simplicity and freedom from

 affectation or mannerism1 its exquisite
  finish and characteristic execution1  
and its pervading grace1 truth1  and    
naturalness1 it is beyond question the  
finest production of art in  monumental 
sculpture that ,irish genius has        
hitherto achieved2 and1 taken  all and  
all1 is1 as we honestly believe1 without
 a rival in any work of  the same class 
in the ,british empire4    ,we regret to
 have to state that ,mr ,hogan is1 as we
 are informed1 as yet  unpaid for this  
great national work1 or that at least   
there is more than  a moiety of the sum 
agreed for1 which was one thousand      
pounds1 remaining  due to him4 ,but     
surely his country1 which has the       
deepest interest in  sustaining him in  
his career of glory1 will not suffer him
 to depart from  her shores without     
fulfilling her part of a compact with   
one who has so  nobly completed his4 ,we
 cannot believe it4    ,it will be seen 
by a retrospective glance at the details
 which we have  given of ,mr ,hogan's   

labours during the past seventeen years 
in which  he has been toiling as a      
professional artist1 that those labours 
have  been any thing but commensurately 
rewarded2 they have indeed been barely  
sufficient to enable him to sustain     
existence4 ,but brighter prospects  are 
opening upon him for the future4 ,his   
character as a sculptor is now          
established beyond the possibility of   
controversy4 ,his merits have been      
recently recognised and honoured by the 
highest tribunal in the ,city of  the   
,arts with a tribute of approbation     
never before bestowed on a native  of   
the ,british ,isles3 he has been elected
 unanimously1 and without any           
solicitation or anticipation on his     
part1 a member of the oldest ,academy   
of the ,fine ,arts in ,europe--that     
which enrolled amongst its members the  
divine ,raphael1 and all the other      
illustrious artists of the age of  ,leo1
 and which holds its meetings upon their
 graves--the ,academy of the  ,virtuosi 

del ,pantheon4 ,his fellow-countrymen   
are also beginning to have a  just      
appreciation of his merits1 and are     
coming forward nobly to supply  him with
 employment for future years2 and when  
he returns to his ,roman  studio1 it    
will be to labour on works worthy of his
 country's liberality1  and calculated  
to raise her fame amongst the civilized 
nations of the  world4 ,need we add1    
that he has our most ardent wishes for  
his future  success and happiness6      
,p4    ,for the satisfaction of our     
readers we are induced to append to the 
preceding notice of ,mr ,hogan the      
following list of some of the principal 
commissions which he has recently       
received in ,ireland2--    ,the         
,monument to the late ,mr ,secretary    
,drummond4    ,a ,statue of the late ,mr
 ,william ,crawford of ,cork1 for which 
,mr ,hogan is  to receive ,l4#ajjj4     
,a monumental alto relievo1 consisting  
of three figures1 to the memory of  the 
late ,mr ,william ,beamish1 for         

,blackrock ,chapel1 ,cork--,l4#fej4     
,monument to the late ,dr ,brinkley1    
,bishop of ,cloyne4 ,a colossal figure  
in  relievo for the ,cathedral of       
,cloyne4    ,an alto relievo for the    
,convent at ,rathfarnham4    ,an alto   
relievo for the ,chapel at ,ross1 county
 of ,wexford1 commissioned  from ,john  
,maher1 ,esq4 ,m4 ,p4--c4 c4            
,,on ,,animal ,,taming4    ,,first      
,,article4      ,that all animals1      
however fierce and ungovernable may be  
their natural  dispositions1 have       
nevertheless implanted by a wise        
,providence within  their breasts a     
certain awe1 a vague1 indefinable dread 
of man1 which1  although meeting with   
him for the first time1 will induce them
 to fly his  presence1 or at all events 
shun encounter1 is1 we think1 a fact    
which  no observer of nature will deny4 
,this instinct of submission to human   
beings exists among all creatures1 and  
the greater the intelligence they       
possess1 the more powerful is its       

operation4 ,when we meet with instances 
of a nature calculated to overturn this 
theory--such as wild animals  attacking 
and destroying travellers1 or preying   
upon the shepherd as  he guards his     
flock1 with others of a similar         
description--instead of  hastily        
presuming upon the falsity of the above 
position1 we should  rather seek for    
some explanation of the reasons which in
 these cases  checked for the time the  
workings of the animal's natural        
instinct4  ,these will be for the most  
part easily enough discovered1 if sought
 for  in a spirit of impartial inquiry4 
,the lion and the tiger are prompted  by
 natural instinct to shun the haunts and
 the presence of man--they  choose for  
their lairs dark and impenetrable       
forests--they select for  their         
habitation a situation whither man has  
not as yet approached--and  according as
 the work of settlement and cultivation 
advances1 they  retreat before it into  
their dark and gloomy fastnesses4       

,does the traveller encounter a lion or 
a tiger8 ,the animal is prompted by     
nature to give place to him1 and usually
 slinks off1 growling with the  thirst  
for blood1 but still fearing to attack  
,,man4 ,the shouts of women  and        
children suffice to scare the fierce and
 rapacious wolves1 as they  descend in  
troops from the mountains to appease    
their hunger with victims  from the     
flocks of the shepherds4 ,the bear meets
 with the bold hunter or  woodcutter in 
the ,american backwoods1 but is never   
known to attack him1  unless the        
instinct of submission to man is        
overruled by other instincts  for the   
time more imperative in their demands4  
,true1 if the lion be  hungry when the  
traveller shall cross his path1 he will 
sometimes1  though such instances are of
 rare occurrence1 attack and devour him4
  ,true1 if the wolves are unable to    
satisfy their appetite by other means1  
they will attack and devour human       
beings2 and if the bear be likewise     

rendered furious by the calls of hunger1
 she will treat the woodsman with       
little ceremony4 ,still these instances 
only show that hunger overcomes         
fear--an explanation which no one can   
refuse to admit4 ,what indeed will  not 
the gnawings of hunger effect8 ,has it  
not caused fathers to butcher  their    
sons1 mothers to devour the infant at   
their breast8 ,when capable1  then1 of  
overcoming the most powerful of         
instincts1 maternal affection1  and that
 too in the teeth of reason1 how can we 
wonder at its overcoming  an inferior   
instinct1 and that in a brute animal    
where there existed  nothing to be      
overcome beyond that instinct8 ,i might 
write a vast deal  upon this subject2   
but my object is merely to show1 at     
starting1 that  an instinctive awe of   
man1 and a disposition to yield to his  
authority1  is inherent in the lower    
animals4 ,this1 then1 being the case1 it
 will  readily be perceived that the    
domestication of any animal by man only 

requires that he should carefully remove
 all obstacles to the operation  of this
 instinctive principle2 and on the other
 hand1 employ suitable  means to        
strengthen and establish it4 ,there are1
 doubtless1 but few of  my readers who  
have not witnessed the performances of  
,van ,amburgh1 and  likewise those of   
,van ,buren with ,batty's collection4   
,they have1 ,i am  sure1 been greatly   
astonished at the degree of subjection  
to which these  wild animals were       
reduced1 and they are doubtless curious 
to learn how  this end was attained4 ,as
 ,i happened to make myself acquainted  
with  the mode in which the subjection  
of these fierce brutes was effected1  ,i
 am happy to be able to render them some
 information4 ,the treatment  was simple
 enough4 ,it consisted mainly of two    
ingredients--#ast1 ample  feeding1 in   
order that the instinct of appetite     
should not present itself  in opposition
 to that of dread of man2 and1 #b;d1    
liberal chastisement  and severe blows  

on the slightest appearance of          
rebellion1 in order to  strengthen and  
firmly establish their awe of him4    ,i
 myself have devoted a good deal of time
 to the domestication of  animals1 and  
by following out the two principles just
 laid down1 ,i found  myself invariably 
successful4 ,the polecat1 although of   
inconsiderable  size1 is an animal of   
infinitely greater fierceness than the  
tiger2 yet ,i  had one so thoroughly    
domesticated that it was permitted to   
enjoy perfect  liberty4 ,i succeeded    
equally with the fox1 the badger1 and   
the otter1  as a paper which recently   
appeared in the ,penny ,journal was     
designed to  show4 ,in fact1 ,i should  
say that mere fierceness is but a very  
slight  obstacle to                     
domestication--timidity is much harder  
to be overcome4  ,the timid races of    
animals require a mode of treatment     
directly opposed  to the above4 ,they   
require to have their dread of man      
diminished1 and  their boldness         

encouraged4 ,if you wish to tame a very 
timid animal1  instead of supplying it  
with food you must let it fast1 in order
 to  render it so bold with hunger that 
it will eat in your presence and from   
your hand4 ,if you can get its          
confidence raised to such a degree that 
it  will bite you or attempt to do so1  
so much the better--those little vices  
will afterwards be easily eradicated4 ,i
 have succeeded in familiarizing  the   
most timid creatures--the rat and the   
mouse1 for instance4 ,the public  has   
already had an account of how ,i        
succeeded with the former of these      
animals in the pages of the 8,medical   
,press0 and 8,naturalist40 ,some of     
these days ,i shall give a paper on the 
latter in the ,penny ,journal4    ,van  
,amburgh has done much with his animals2
 but in consequence of  exhibiting with 
specimens not as yet perfectly subdued1 
he has met  with some severe accidents4 
,more caution and less haste would have 
prevented these4 ,one of the principal  

ingredients that should enter into  the 
composition of an animal tamer1 is      
,,courage4 ,if the animal you are       
endeavouring to domesticate perceive    
that you fear it--and animals are       
instinctively sharp-sighted--from that  
instant all chance of control  ceases4  
,you must be prepared to endure bites1  
scratches1 c4 with1 at all  events      
apparent1 recklessness1 and should never
 suffer any thing to delay  your        
chastisement3 the severer it is1 the    
less frequently will you have  to repeat
 it4 ,van ,amburgh possesses this       
ingredient in an eminent degree4  ,i    
once saw him exhibiting with his superb 
,barbary lion1 since dead2 as he  left  
the cage1 the animal rushed at him1 and 
succeeded in inflicting a  sharp scratch
 upon his hand4 ,now1 had ,van ,amburgh 
displayed fear1 or in  short acted      
otherwise than he did1 his reign had    
been over1 and the lion  would in all   
probability have renewed his attack the 
next opportunity1  and have killed him4 

,but what did he do8 ,he returned into  
the cage1 and  advancing sternly and    
undauntedly towards the lion1 saluted   
him with a  shower of blows over the    
head and face1 with the small iron rod  
which he  always carried with him4 ,and 
mark the result4 ,the brute at once     
yielded1  quailed before his master1    
who1 planting a foot upon the prostrate 
body  of his late assailant1 coolly     
wiped the blood from his hand1 amidst   
the  deafening plaudits of the          
spectators1 who had witnessed the       
appalling  scene with feelings more     
easily imagined than described4         
,there is another description of animal 
taming1 which ,i must not omit to       
mention1 viz1 by charms or drugs4 ,there
 were1 and are indeed still to  be met  
with1 although more rarely than         
formerly1 persons who profess to  be    
able1 by some secret spell or charm1 to 
tame the fiercest horse1 or  calm the   
fury of the most ferocious watch-dog4   
,there are also persons who  follow the 

trade of rat-catching1 and pretend that 
by means of certain  drugs they can     
entice away all the rats from the       
premises to which they  are called in to
 exercise their skill4 ,there are also a
 set of men in  ,india and ,persia who  
profess to charm serpents1 and draw them
 from their  holes4 ,of these last it is
 not at present my design to speak4 ,i  
may1  however1 return to them in a      
future paper4    ,the first of these1 or
 those who pretend to possess the power 
of quelling  the spirit of the horse1 or
 appeasing the vigilant fury of the dog1
 are  now but few in number1 and very   
seldom to be met with4 ,they abounded   
more in ,ireland than they did in the   
sister kingdom1 and were called         
8whisperers40 ,perhaps the best mode in 
which ,i can bring them and their       
practices before my readers1 is by      
giving them an account of the last and  
most celebrated whisperer that we       
recollect4 ,his name was ,james         
,sullivan1  and he possessed the power  

of taming the most furious horse1 if    
left  alone with him for about half an  
hour4 ,the name of this singular man is 
recorded by ,townsend in his 8,survey of
 the ,county of ,cork10 and we shall    
quote his account of ,sullivan's        
performances1 to which he states himself
  to have been an eye-witness3--        
8,james ,sullivan was a native of the   
county of ,cork1 and an awkward         
ignorant rustic of the lowest class1    
generally known by the appellation  of  
#8the ,whisperer2' and his profession   
was horse-breaking4 ,the credulity  of  
the vulgar bestowed that epithet upon   
him from an opinion that he             
communicated his wishes to the animal by
 means of a whisper1 and the            
singularity of his method gave some     
colour to the superstitious belief4  ,as
 far as the sphere of his control       
extended1 the boast of veni1 vidi1      
vici1 was more justly claimed by ,james 
,sullivan than by ,csar1 or even        
,bonaparte himself4 ,how his art was    

acquired1 or in what it consisted1  is  
likely to remain for ever unknown1 as he
 has lately left the world  without     
divulging it4 ,his son1 who follows the 
same occupation1 possesses  but a small 
portion of the art1 having either never 
learned its true  secret1 or being      
incapable of putting it in practice4    
,the wonder of his  skill consisted in  
the short time requisite to accomplish  
his design1  which was performed in     
private1 and without any apparent means 
of  coercion4 ,every description of     
horse1 or even mule1 whether previously 
broke1 or unhandled1 whatever their     
peculiar vices or ill habits might  have
 been1 submitted without show of        
resistance to the magical influence  of 
his art1 and in the short space of half 
an hour became gentle and  tractable4   
,the effect1 though instantaneously     
produced1 was generally  durable2 though
 more submissive to him than to others1 
yet they seemed  to have acquired a     
docility unknown before4 ,when sent for 

to tame a  vicious horse1 he directed   
the stable in which he and the object of
 his  experiment were placed1 to be     
shut1 with orders not to open the door  
until a signal was given4 ,after a      
tete-a-tete between him and the horse   
for about half an hour1 during which    
little or no bustle was heard1 the      
signal was made2 and on opening the     
door1 the horse was seen lying down1    
and the man by his side1 playing        
familiarly with him1 like a child with  
a puppy dog4 ,from that time he was     
found perfectly willing to submit to    
discipline1 however repugnant to his    
nature before4 ,some saw his skill      
tried on a horse which could never      
before be brought to stand for a smith  
to shoe him4 ,the day after ,sullivan's 
half-hour lecture1 ,i went1 not  without
 some incredulity1 to the smith's shop1 
with many other curious  spectators1    
where we were eye-witnesses of the      
complete success of his  art4 ,this1    
too1 had been a troop horse1 and it was 

supposed1 not without  reason1 that     
after regimental discipline had failed1 
no other would  be found availing4 ,i   
observed that the animal seemed afraid  
whenever  ,sullivan either spoke or     
looked at him4 ,how that extraordinary  
ascendancy  could have been obtained1 it
 is difficult to conjecture4 ,in common 
cases this mysterious preparation was   
unnecessary4 ,he seemed to possess  an  
instinctive power of inspiring awe1 the 
result perhaps of natural  intrepidity1 
in which ,i believe a great part of his 
art consisted2  though the circumstance 
of the tete-a-tete shows that upon      
particular  occasions something more    
must have been added to it4 ,a faculty  
like this  would in other hands have    
made a fortune1 and great offers have   
been made  to him for the exercise of   
his art abroad2 but hunting1 and        
attachment to  his native soil1 were his
 ruling passions4 ,he lived at home in  
the style  most agreeable to his        
disposition1 and nothing could induce   

him to quit  ,dunhallow and the         
foxhounds40 ,other whisperers have lived
 since ,sullivan1  but none of them have
 attained an equal degree of fame4 ,i   
met with one  some years ago of the name
 of ,o',hara1 and ,i can truly affirm   
that his  performances were indeed      
wonderful1 and precisely similar to     
those of  ,sullivan4 ,how ,o',hara      
discovered the secret1 ,i know not2     
neither am ,i sure  that it was         
identical with that possessed by        
,sullivan4 ,on one occasion1  while     
under the influence of liquor1 ,o',hara 
was heard to declare that the  secret   
lay in rocking the horse2 but on        
another1 when equally tipsy1  he        
mentioned biting the animal's ear4 ,it  
is already ,i believe known to  those   
acquainted with horses1 that by grasping
 the shoulder with one hand  just where 
the mane begins1 and laying the other   
with firmness upon the  crupper1 and    
then swaying the animal backwards and   
forwards1 beginning  with a very gentle 

motion and gradually increasing it1 you 
will in a  few minutes be able to throw 
the horse on his side with a            
comparatively  trifling degree of       
exertion2 and it is certain that this   
treatment is  frequently resorted to by 
knowing jockeys to break the spirit of a
  stubborn horse2 for after having been 
thrown twice1 or at most thrice1  the   
spirit of the animal seems wholly       
subdued1 and he appears possessed  with 
the most unqualified respect and dread  
of the person who threw him4  ,this was 
in all probability what ,o',hara meant  
by rocking1 and ,i have  little doubt   
but that this was one of the component  
parts1 at all events1  of the treatment 
resorted to by the whisperers4 ,as to   
biting the ear1  ,i have seen this      
tried1 and that successfully4 ,if you   
succeed in getting  the ear of the most 
vicious horse between your teeth1 and   
bite it with  all your force1 you will  
find the rage of the animal suddenly    
subside1  his spirit will appear to have

 forsaken him1 and a word or a look from
  you will cause him to start and       
tremble with excess of terror4 ,once the
  ferocity of an animal is removed1 it  
is an easy matter to conciliate his     
affections4 ,may not these two modes of 
treatment combined1 or one or the       
other1 as the occasion seemed to        
require1 have constituted the secret of 
the wonder-working whisperers8 ,the     
suggestion is at least plausible1 and   
the experiment should be fully tried ere
 it be rejected4    ,in an article which
 appeared lately on the subject of      
animal taming in  the ,times newspaper1 
mention is made of ,mr ,king1 owner of  
the 8learned  horse0 at present         
exhibiting in ,london4 ,this person     
states that his  secret depends upon    
pressing a certain nerve in the horse's 
mouth1 which  he calls the 8nerve of    
susceptibility40 ,may not the set of    
whispering  have likewise depended upon 
compressing with the teeth some similar 
nerve  in the ear8                      

,h4 ,d4 ,r4          ,,relics4    ,,by  
,j4 ,u4 ,u4      8,raphael was buried in
 the ,pantheon 7,sta4 ,maria della      
,rotunda71 in  a chapel which he had    
himself endowed1 and near the place     
where his  betrothed bride had been     
laid4 ,the immediate neighbourhood was  
afterwards  selected by other painters  
as their place of rest4 ,baldassane     
,peruzzi1  ,giovanni da ,udine1 ,pierino
 del ,vaga1 ,taddeo ,zuccaro1 and       
others1 are  buried near4 ,no question  
had ever existed as to the precise spot 
where the remains of the master lay2 but
 a few years since the ,roman           
antiquaries began to raise doubts even  
respecting the church in which  ,raphael
 was buried4 ,in the end1 permission was
 obtained to make actual  search2 and   
,vasari's account was in this instance  
verified4 ,the tomb was  found as he    
describes it1 behind the altar itself of
 the chapel above  mentioned4 ,four     
views of the tomb and its contents were 
engraved from  drawings by ,cammucini1  

and thus preserve the appearance that   
presented  itself4 ,the shroud had been 
fastened with a number of metal rings   
and  points2 some of these were kept by 
the sculptor ,fabrio of ,rome1 who is   
also in possession of casts from the    
skull and right hand4 ,passavant        
remarks1 judging from the cast1 that the
 skull was of a singularly fine  form4  
,the bones of the hand were all perfect1
 but they crumbled into  dust after the 
mould was taken4 ,the skeleton measured 
about five feet  seven inches4 ,the     
coffin was extremely narrow1 indicating 
a very slender  frame4 ,the precious    
relics were ultimately restored to the  
same spot1  after being placed in a     
magnificent sarcophagus1 presented by   
the present  ,pope40--,quarterly        
,review4        ,ay1 there are glorious 
things even in the dust      ,which     
still must ever from the human heart    
,win homage next devotion4 ',tis in vain
      ,to ask the wherefore1 or demand  
what are they      ,amid the keen       

realities of life8      ,old coin1 or   
broken casque1 or fretted stone--       
,the waste of ,time--the rack upon      
life's shore      ,thrown up by the     
spent waves of centuries--      ,they   
have no meaning in the vulgar tongue2   
,their very uses know them not--things  
past      ,into the chaos of forgotten  
forms4      ,but here the root of this  
deep error lies4        ,the world's    
deep ,leth onward blindly glides1       
,a perishable ,present6 glorious only   
,because no ,future and no ,past are    
seen      ,to scare or shame its dreamy 
voyager4      ,in dull forgetfulness the
 error lies1      ,that hath no feeling 
of the mighty ,past      ,espoused to   
sense1 and purblind as the mole      ,to
 all that meets the intellectual eye3   
,to such ,iona is a heap of stones1     
,and ,marathon a desert '''             
''' ,o1 how changed6      ,the meanest  
thing on which great ,time hath set     
,his awful stamp 7the long-surviving    
thought      ,left by the mind of other 

days7 appears      ,to knowledge and the
 gaze of memory1      ,more             
instantaneous than those words of power 
,which ancient legends say the tomb     
obeyed--      ,the broken pillar1 and   
the moss-grown pile1      ,dilate into  
antique magnificence3      ,at once the 
stern old rampart crowns its height--   
,the donjon keep1 the tower of ancient  
pride1      ,the rock-built fortress of 
old robber kings1      ,start into life1
 and from their portals pour            
,mailed foray forth1 or pomp of feudal  
war4      ,the temple swells from       
vacancy1 o'erarching      ,with pillared
 roof1 and dim solemnity1      ,the     
worship of old time4 ,the dry bones live
      ,of ancient ages3 monarch1 sage1  
and bard1      ,stand in their living   
lineaments1 invested      ,with power1  
or wisdom1 or the gift of song4         
,these still are common ruins--the      
remains      ,of those who were the     
vulgar of their day1      ,who battled1 
built1 and traded1 and so died1         

,leaving no trace but nameless          
monuments1      ,the cast attire of     
ages1 which but serve      ,to show the 
present how the past went mad1          
,and1 like ,cassandra1 prophesy in vain4
      ,the earth yet bears more glorious
 vestiges      ,of ,time's illustrious  
few1 whose memory      ,is greater than 
the greatest thing that lives--         
,haloed by veneration1 wonder1 love--   
,whose very tombs stand in life's       
calendar      ,eras of thought once     
seen4 ,is there an eye      ,could      
coldly gaze on aught that bears a trace 
,of ,avon's matchless master of the     
breast8      ,who could approach old    
,dryburgh's tombs1 and feel not         
,the illustrious presence of his great  
compeer1      ,whose tomb yet moistens  
with a nation's woe1      ,whose star is
 young in heaven8 ,or who can walk      
,unmoved the cloisters and religious    
aisles      ,where ,milton lies1        
renowned with 8prophets old10      ,and 
honoured ,newton1 to whom the starred   

vault      ,is an enduring monument1 as 
much      ,as the ,pantheon's dome is   
,angelo's8        ,what is the pride of 
kings1 the world's vain splendour1      
,to such a presence as they witnessed   
there      ,who disinterred the bones of
 ,raphael1      ,awful from the repose  
of centuries8      ,there stood that day
 a solemn1 anxious crowd      ,around   
that altar which conceals beneath       
,the mighty master's relics--for there  
was a doubt      ,if it were truly there
 that he was laid4      ,and there they 
found all the dull grave could keep     
,of that ,immortal4 ,with no common awe 
,they bent o'er his dark cell1 as it    
disclosed      ,its treasure to the     
selfsame holy light      ,that gladdened
 oft of old the master's heart1         
,and waked his heaven-eyed genius2 while
 beneath      ,the shadowy splendour of 
that spacious dome      ,he stood in    
living sanctity1 a pure      ,and       
heavenly-minded man--even where they    
stood      ,to gaze upon his dust--and  

all around      ,he scattered bright and
 hallowed images      ,of perfect       
beauty--in their brightness there       
,still lying as he left them4 ,shadows  
fair      ,of angel form and feature--ye
 who gaze      ,in clouded splendour    
through those cloisters old1            
,looking as things of life--could ye    
behold      ,those slender bones1 they  
were the living hand      ,beneath whose
 touch ye started into being      ,and  
grew to light and beauty1 covering      
,your storied frescoes with the lines of
 grace1      ,harmonious hues and       
features of the sky4      ,and yonder is
 your birthplace1 yon light skull--     
,the slight and delicate shrine of all  
that mind6      ',tis a strange thought 
how vast a world resolved      ,in thy  
small compass6 ,senseless as thou art1  
,who could behold thee as a mouldering  
bone1      ,the mere dust of unsphered  
humanity8      ,there1 from that lowly  
cell as rose to light      ,the         
canonized remains of one whose mind     

,hath been a worship to the eye of ages1
      ,they were not seen thus          
coldly--time gave back      ,its        
venerable honours registered      ,deep 
in the heart of living ,italy--      ,a 
crown of many-tinted sanctities4        
,thy beauty1 goodness1 and pure         
innocence1      ,thy faculty of vision1 
gift divine1      ,rushed round thee as 
a glory--thou wert seen      ,with all  
thy laurels round thy honoured tomb4    
,thine is no pile of unrecording stone--
      ,pale marble column or tall       
pyramid1      ,that vainly robs oblivion
 of its prey3      ,thy name lives on   
each lip--thy monuments      ,are       
treasures fondly kept midst precious    
things1      ,sought out in every land  
which the sun warms      ,to nobler     
thoughts--thine are perennial wreaths   
,of trophies yet surviving1 when the    
fame      ,of fields that rang through  
,europe1 and made pale      ,the        
peaceful hamlets of an hundred realms1  
,have shrunk within the fretted         

register1      ,the silent scroll1 named
 ,history--still the halls      ,of     
national state or regal pomp are bright 
,with thy far-sought creations1         
costliest      ,among the treasured     
trophies of the mind2      ,and as thy  
time on earth was consecrated      ,to  
sacred labours meet for holy walls--    
,so would ,i deem thy gifted spirit     
still1      ,invested in its light of   
heavenly thoughts1      ,the minister of
 some pure temple1 where      ,no human 
errors mingle with the work4            
,,on ,,the ,,power ,,of ,,fluids4       
,that weight is a property of liquids1  
has been acknowledged by the  earliest  
observers2 but the amount of that       
weight1 its mode of acting1  and        
application to practice1 have been left 
for recent times to discover4  ,a pint  
of water weighs somewhat more than a    
pound avoirdupois2 and one  unacquainted
 with the facts in hydrostatics might   
deem it of little  consequence what     
shape the vessel that contained it might

 be1 or what  the disposition and length
 of the column of water--for1 after all1
 what  is it but a pound of water8 ,no  
idea can be more erroneous4 ,under most 
circumstances1 it is not so much the    
quantity of the fluid as the manner  in 
which its particles are disposed1 that  
determines its weight2 and what  may    
appear still more extraordinary1 a small
 quantity of fluid may be  made to      
balance1 that is1 to be of the same     
apparent weight as1 a very  large       
quantity4 ,this may be proved by taking 
a pair of scales1 putting a  tumbler    
full of water into one dish1 and        
balancing it by weights in the  other1  
then inverting a smaller glass and      
immersing it in the tumbler1  having the
 glass perfectly supported in the hand  
to prevent it touching  the sides or    
bottom2 a portion of the water will now 
flow over the sides  of the tumbler--say
 one-half--yet the scales are still     
balanced2 one-half  of the water is of  
the same weight apparently as the whole4

 ,a piece  of wood may be used instead  
of the glass with the same result1 and  
it  may be of a size nearly to fill the 
cavity of the tumbler2 yet if the       
remaining water1 which may amount to no 
more than a couple of spoonfuls1  rise  
to the same level as it did when full1  
it will exactly balance the  weights4   
,this cannot be accounted for by saying 
that the wood or the  glass was equal to
 the water displaced1 for if we use     
lead1 which is  much heavier1 or cork1  
and even card1 which are much lighter1  
we shall  meet with no difference4 ,this
 property belongs to the water2 and as  
the  only constant fact was the same    
height of the fluid1 to it must the     
explanation be referred2 and we thus    
arrive at a first principle1 a law  in  
hydrostatics--that the pressure1 or     
weight considered as a power1 of  any   
fluid1 is not in proportion to its      
quantity1 but to its depth4    ,aware of
 this principle1 if we wish to use water
 as a power1 we can  economize it       

wonderfully1 exerting a great pressure  
with a small  quantity4 ,if we take a   
small wooden box1 water-tight1 bore a   
hole in it1  and fill it with water1    
adapt a long narrow tube to the hole1   
and fill  it up with water1 the box will
 now be burst1 and that by the very     
small  quantity contained in the tube4  
,this tube may be a yard long1 and very 
narrow in diameter1 not holding more    
than two ounces of fluid1 yet the       
pressure1 being always in proportion to 
its depth1 is the same as if it  had    
been as broad as the box4 ,this pressure
 amounts to nearly one pound  on the    
square inch for every two feet of water4
 ,in the deepest parts of  the ocean the
 pressure must be exceedingly great1 so 
much so that it is  probable they are   
uninhabitable1 the pressure being too   
great for the  existence of fishes4     
,this pressure1 together with the total 
absence of  light at great depths1      
renders the existence of vegetable life 
also a  doubtful matter4 ,there is a    

certain depth beyond which divers cannot
  go1 owing to the pressure of water on 
the surface of their chests being       
greater than the resistance of air      
inside1 respiration being thereby       
impeded4    ,a pipe a yard long1 and    
acting on a yard square of fluid1 will  
give a  pressure equal to the weight of 
fifteen cwt4 if we use water4 ,should we
  use quicksilver1 the power of a ton   
weight may be obtained within the  space
 of a square foot in breadth1 by a tube 
somewhat less than three  feet long1 and
 not larger than a common goose         
quill--the pressure per  square inch in 
these cases depending on the height of  
the column of fluid4    ,we can now     
understand what extensive and sometimes 
irremediable injury  may arise from the 
collection of a small but lofty column  
of water1  opening into a wide but      
confined space below4 ,this sometimes   
occurs  when water gets into a narrow   
chink between buildings1 and1 finding   
its  way down1 opens finally into some  

cavity under the floor4 ,the pressure   
exerted here is immense1 and there are  
few bodies able to resist it4 ,it  is   
owing to this that the pipes for        
conveying water are burst1 on account   
of the pressure exerted on the insides  
of the pipes2 and this occurs the  more 
frequently1 the higher the source from  
which they are filled4 ,in  practice1   
every vessel containing liquid should   
increase in strength in  proportion to  
its depth4 ,we have no doubt that a     
process similar to this  takes place on 
the large scale in nature1 which is     
capable of uprooting  trees1 rending    
rocks1 producing earthquakes2 for if we 
suppose that some  collections of water 
on the surface of a hill have found     
their way down  through crevices into a 
cavity in the body of the mountain which
 has no  external opening1 as long as   
this cavity remains unfilled no evil    
arises1  but when it and the crevices   
also are completely filled1 the pressure
  exercised here is so immense1 that    

even the sides of the hill cannot       
withstand it4 ,perhaps this occurrence  
has not been sufficiently noticed  in   
explaining natural phenomena4 ,it is    
usual to consider earthquakes and       
volcanoes as solely the result of       
chemical action1 excluding entirely     
physical agency4    ,the pressure of    
water may be rendered visible by blowing
 through a  tube under water into a tall
 glass jar4 ,the bubble of air1 small at
  the bottom1 as it rises1 gradually    
enlarges from the diminution of the     
pressure4    ,the hydrostatic bellows1  
formed upon this principle1 consists of 
nothing  more than a water-tight        
bellows1 with a long pipe fixed into the
 valve  aperture4 ,if this pipe be three
 feet long1 and hold a quarter of a pint
  of fluid1 it will exert a pressure    
sufficient to raise three cwt4 laid     
upon a bellows1 the area of the upper   
side of which is equal to about a       
square foot and a half4 ,many are the   
uses to which this principle might  be  

applied in the several arts4            
,bramah's ,press is almost the only     
machine which has been extensively      
used4 ,by its means solid bars of iron  
can be cut through with ease4 ,hay  and 
cotton have been compressed by its means
 into a very small compass4  ,in the    
,east ,indies1 where water-power is     
used1 bales of cotton are  compressed   
into one-half the size of those from the
 ,west ,indies4 ,by its  means power may
 be multiplied1 or rather concentrated1 
a thousand-fold4  ,as commonly made1 a  
man working it may1 by using the same   
force that  would raise half a cwt41    
apply a force amounting to twenty tons  
to the  work in hand2 and by varying the
 proportions of the machine1 pressure   
might be brought to bear upon any body  
which would be perfectly  irresistible4 
,there is1 however1 in reality1 be it   
distinctly understood1 no power         
absolutely gained2 but the man's force  
is concentrated1 as for instance  in    
compressing the bale of cotton1 to an   

extent which1 if the ordinary           
mechanical powers of the lever or screw 
were employed1 would require the  aid of
 ponderous machinery4    ,mr ,bramah was
 therefore greatly mistaken when he     
published it as the  discovery of a new 
mechanical power3 but he invented a     
beautiful and most  effective means of  
simply accumulating a prodigious force  
by the very  simple means of the        
hydrostatic pressure of fluids4         
,hydraulic or ,bramah presses are       
applied in ,new ,york and other         
,american  ports for the purpose of     
raising large vessels on strong wooden  
platforms  out of the water1 for        
effecting repairs1 c4 ,they are also    
employed in  removing houses--some of   
them brick1 and three stories high--from
 one  part of a street to another4 ,in  
this case strong wooden beams1 like the 
ways used in ship-launching1 are placed 
under the house1 and in the  direction  
of the intended site1 and hydraulic     
presses are then employed  for pushing  

the house along1 with prodigious force1 
and so gradually  and gently as not even
 to crack the plaster of a room ceiling4
 ,by  the same means the roof of a large
 cotton factory near ,aberdeen was      
raised entire1 and an additional story  
added to the building1 without          
displacing a single slate6 ,in this     
instance the roof was lifted gradually  
about four inches at a time1 progressing
 from end to end of the building1  the  
height of the walls being increased by a
 single row of bricks at a  time4       
,such are a few of the results of a     
single principle1 a rule to which  there
 is no exception1 which holds equally   
good in the organic as in the  inorganic
 world4 ,even the blood-vessels of the  
body are subject to this  law--the sides
 of all vessels below the level of the  
heart enduring an  additional outward   
pressure of half an ounce for every inch
 in height1  which at the toes would    
amount to somewhere about two pounds4   
,when a  person stands erect in a bath1 

the pressure on all parts of the body is
  not equal2 it is greater upon the legs
 than upon the trunk2 the former  are   
pressed upward1 and hence in part the   
difficulty experienced in  standing upon
 the bottom in deep water4              
,t4 ,a4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,,disagreeable           
,,people4--,some persons are of so      
teazing and fidgetty a turn  of mind1   
that they do not give you a moment's    
rest4 ,everything goes  wrong with them4
 ,they complain of a headache or the    
weather4 ,they take  up a book1 and lay 
it down again--venture an opinion1 and  
retract it  before they have half       
done--offer to serve you1 and prevent   
some one else  from doing it4 ,if you   
dine with them at a tavern1 in order to 
be more  at your ease1 the fish is too  
little done--the sauce is not the right 
one2 they ask for a sort of wine which  
they think is not to be had1 or  if it  
is1 after some trouble1 procured1 do not
 touch it2 they give the  waiter fifty  

contradictory orders1 and are restless  
and sit on thorns  the whole of dinner  
time4 ,all this is owing to a want of   
robust health1  and of a strong spirit  
of enjoyment2 it is a fastidious habit  
of mind1  produced by a valetudinary    
habit of body3 they are out of sorts    
with  everything1 and of course their   
ill-humour and captiousness communicates
  itself to you1 who are as little      
delighted with them as they are with    
other things4 ,another sort of people1  
equally objectionable with this         
helpless class1 who are disconcerted by 
a shower of heaven's rain1 or  stopped  
by an insect's wing1 are those who1 in  
the opposite spirit1 will  have every   
thing their own way1 and carry all      
before them--who cannot  brook the      
slightest shadow of opposition--who are 
always in the heat of  an argument1     
unless where they disdain your          
understanding so much as not  to        
condescend to argue with you--who knit  
their brows and roll their eyes  and    

clench their teeth in some speculative  
discussion1 as if they were  engaged in 
a personal quarrel--and who1 though     
successful over almost  every           
competitor1 seem still to resent the    
very offer of resistance to  their      
supposed authority1 and are as angry as 
if they had sustained some  premeditated
 injury4 ,there is an impatience of     
temper and an intolerance  of opinion in
 this that conciliates neither our      
affection nor esteem4  ,to such persons 
nothing appears of any moment but the   
indulgence of a  domineering            
intellectual superiority1 to the        
disregard and discomfiture  of their own
 and everybody else's comfort4 ,mounted 
on an abstract  proposition1 they       
trample on every courtesy and decency of
 behaviour2  and though1 perhaps1 they  
do not intend the gross personalities   
they are  guilty of1 yet they cannot be 
acquitted of a want of due consideration
  for others1 and of an intolerable     
egotism in the support of truth and     

justice4 ,you may hear one of these     
impetuous declaimers pleading the  cause
 of humanity in a voice of thunder1 or  
expatiating on the beauty of  a ,guido1 
with features distorted with rage and   
scorn4 ,this is not a very  amiable or  
edifying spectacle4--,hazlitt's         
,table-,talk4           99       99     
99       99       99    ,,necessity ,,of
 ,a ,,thorough ,,education4--,good      
education being a preparation  for      
social life1 necessarily embraces the   
whole man--body1 head1 and  heart--for  
in social life the whole man is         
necessarily called into  exertion in one
 way or another almost every hour4 ,but 
this is not  sufficient4 ,there must be 
no preponderance1 as well as no         
exclusion2 a  limited or biassed        
education produces monsters4 ,some are  
satisfied with  the cultivation of a    
single faculty--some with the partial   
cultivation  of each4 ,a child is       
trained up to working2 he is hammered   
into a hardy  laborer--a stout material 

for the physical bone and muscle of the 
state4 ,this is good1 so far as it goes2
 but it is bad1 because it goes  no     
farther4 ,he is not taught reading2 he  
is not taught religion2 above  all1 he  
is not taught thinking4 ,he never looks 
into his other self2 he  soon forgets   
its existence2 the man becomes all body2
 his intellectual  and moral being lies 
fallow4 ,the growth of such a system    
will be a  sturdy race of               
machines--delvers and soldiers1 but not 
men3 so much  brute physical energy     
swinging loosely through society at the 
discretion  of those more spiritual     
natures to whom their education1        
neglected or  perverted in another way1 
gives wickedness with power1 and teaches
 the  secrets of mind only as           
instruments to crush or bend men for    
their own  selfish purposes4 ,others    
educate the intellectual and moral being
 only2  the physical1 once the building 
is raised1 like an idle scaffolding1  is
 cast by4 ,but the omission is          

injurious--often fatal3 malady is laid  
up1 in all its thousand forms1 in the   
infant and the child4 ,it spreads  out  
upon the man4 ,when his spirit is in the
 flush of its strength1 and  his moral  
rivals his intellectual nature in       
compass and power1 then it  is that the 
despised portion of his being rises up  
and avenges itself  for this contempt4  
,the studious man feels1 as he walks    
down life1 a  thousand minute           
retaliations for the prodigal waste of  
his youthful  vigour4 ,the body bows    
down beneath the burden of the mind2 it 
wears  gradually away into weakness and 
incompetency2 clouds of sickness1  pangs
 of pain1 obscure1 distort1 weigh it to 
the earth4 ,health is not  a thing of   
organization only1 but of training2 it  
is to be laid up bit  by bit4 ,we are to
 be made healthy--tutored and practised 
into health4  ,omit health in favour of 
the intellectual and moral faculties1   
and  you provide instruments1 it is     
true1 for mind1 but instruments which1  

when wanted1 cannot be used4            
,intellectual and moral education may   
rank  before physical1 but they are not 
more essential2 the physical powers  are
 the hewers of wood and the drawers of  
water for the spiritual4 ,the  base of  
the column is in the earth2 but1 without
 it1 neither could the  shaft stand firm
 above it1 nor the capital ascend to the
 sky4--,wyse on  ,education4            
99       99       99       99       99  
,,home4--,the great end of prudence is  
to give cheerfulness to those hours     
which splendour cannot gild1 and        
acclamation cannot exhilarate4 ,those   
soft intervals of unbended amusement1 in
 which a man shrinks to his  natural    
dimensions1 and throws aside the        
ornaments or disguises which  he feels  
in privacy to be useless incumbrances1  
and to lose all effect  when they become
 familiar4 ,to be happy at home is the  
ultimate result  of all ambition1 the   
end to which every enterprise and labour
 tends1  and of which every desire      

prompts the prosecution4 ,it is indeed  
at home  that every man must be known by
 those who would make a just estimate of
  his virtue or felicity2 for smiles and
 embroidery are alike occasional1  and  
the mind is often dressed for show in   
painted honour and fictitious           
benevolence4--,johnson4           99    
99       99       99       99    ,if it 
were enacted that only persons of high  
rank should dine upon three  dishes1 the
 lower sort would desire to have three2 
but if commoners were  permitted to have
 as many dishes as they pleased1 whilst 
the nobility  were limited to two1 the  
inferior sort would not exceed that     
number4 ,an  order to abolish the       
wearing of jewels has set a whole       
country in an  uproar2 but if the order 
had only prohibited earrings to ladies  
of the  first quality1 other women would
 not have desired to wear them4--,the   
,reflector4           99       99       
99       99       99    ,the very       
consciousness of being beloved by the   

object of our attachment1  will disarm  
of its terrors even death               
itself4--,d',israeli4           99      
99       99       99       99    ,the   
petty sovereign of an insignificant     
tribe of ,north ,america every  morning 
stalks out of his hovel1 bids the sun   
good morrow1 and points out  to him with
 his finger the course he is to take for
 the day4           99       99       99
       99       99    ,love labour2 if  
you do not want it for food1 you may for
 physic4           99       99       99 
99       99    ,industry often prevents 
what lazy folly thinks inevitable4      
,industry  argues an ingenuous1 great1  
and generous disposition of soul1 by    
unweariedly pursuing things in the      
fairest light1 and disdains to enjoy    
the fruit of other men's labours without
 deserving it4           99       99    
99       99       99    ,he who lies    
under the dominion of any one vice must 
expect the common  effects of it4 ,if   
lazy1 to be poor2 if intemperate1 to be 

diseased2 if  luxurious1 to die betimes1
 c4           99       99       99      
99       99    ,with discretion the     
vicious preserve their honour1 and      
without it the  virtuous lose it4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,a good conscience is the finest        
opiate4--,knox4           99       99   
99       99       99        ,printed and
 published every ,saturday by ,,gunn and
 ,,cameron1 at      the ,office of the  
,general ,advertiser1 ,no4 #f1 ,church  
,lane1      ,college ,green1            
,dublin4--,agents3--,r4 ,,groombridge1  
,panyer ,alley1      ,paternoster ,row1 
,london2 ,,simms and ,,dinham1 ,exchange
 ,street1      ,manchester2 ,c4         
,,davies1 ,north ,john ,street1         
,liverpool2 ,j4 ,,drake1                
,birmingham2 ,,slocombe  ,,simms1       
,leeds2 ,,frazer and ,,crawford1        
,george ,street1 ,edinburgh2 and ,,david
 ,,robertson1 ,trongate1      ,glasgow4