,,! ,,collectors' ,,pocket ,,s]ies ,,edit$ ,,by ,,sir ,,james ,,yoxall1 ,m4,p4 ,,collect+ ,,old ,,glass ,,! ,,collectors' ,,pocket ,,s]ies ,,edit$ ,,by ,,sir ,,james ,,yoxall1 ,m4,p4 ,ea* ,volume ,illu/rat$4 ,price #cs #f;d net ,illu/ration ,,collect+ ,,old ,,glass ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,yoxall ,,collect+ ,,old ,,m9iatures ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,yoxall ,,collect+ ,,old ,,lu/re ,,w>e ,by ,w4 ,bosanko ,,collect+ ,,old ,,pewt] ,by ,h4 ,j4 ,l4 ,j4 ,mass ,,collect+ ,,old ,,pr9ts ,by ,e4 ,gray ,,collect+ ,,old ,,wat]-,,col\rs ,by ,r4 ,w4 ,h[es 7,o!r ,volumes 9 ,prep>ation7 ,illu/ration3 decoration ,,london3 ,,william ,,he9emann1 ,,ltd ,,collect+ ,,old ,,glass ,,engli% ,,& ,,iri% ,,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,yoxall ,au?or ( 8,! ,w&] ,ye>s0 8,! ,a ,b ,c ab\t ,collect+0 8,m ab\t ,collect+0 ,! glass ( fa%ion & ! m\ld ( =m3 ,hamlet1 iii4 #a ,illu/ration ,,london ,,william ,,he9emann1 ,,ltd ,fir/ publi%$ ,janu>y #aiaf ,new ,impression ,m>* #aibe ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 ,,preface ,i hope ! read] may f9d t ?is book1 ?\gh small] ?an o!rs on ! same subject1 is m helpful & ev5 m compreh5sive ?an !y are2 t x deals ) ! glass articles :i* !y m5tion & ) o!rs :i* !y omit2 t x simplifies & classifies ! /udy & practice ( glass-collect+ m ?an has be5 done 9 pr9t h]et(ore2 & t x c d ^! ?+s because x is writt5 out ( p]sonal k1 ga9$ f mu* exp]i5ce1 & n f he>say or f o!r books4 ,diffus5ess has be5 avoid$1 b ?is1 ,i hope1 has enabl$ me to make ! book ! m lucid1 z well z ! m succ9ct4 ,at any rate1 x af=ds h9ts1 g5]al rules1 & w>n+s m num]\s & m practical ?an any publi%$ until n[2 ,i h also tri$ to give to x a quality :i* review]s h f\nd pres5t 9 my o!r books on ,collect+--t is1 a simplicity & cle>ness ( explanation1 done at ! mo/ difficult & necess>y po9ts1 & 9 an int]e/+ way4 ,moreov]1 ?is book has _h ! great advantage ( revision 7be=e pr9t+7 by ,mr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,coll9s1 ( #ec ! ,lanes1 ,brighton1 a pupil ( ,mr4 ,h>t%orne's1 & well kn[n to all pr9cipal collectors ( old glass4 ,mo/ ( ! illu/rations repres5t typical pieces 9 my own collection1 b = "s ( ! f9e/ ,i h to ?ank ! k9dness ( ,mrs4 ,devitt1 ( ,h]ontye1 ,ea/ ,gr9/ead1 a collector inde$4 ,! illu/rations d n repres5t relative sizes to ! same scale4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,yoxall ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,old ,,engli% ,,glassw>e #a ,,ii4 ,,sev5 ,,g5]al ,,guides ,,& ,,te/s #ad ,,iii4 ,,bl[n ,,w>e #bf ,,iv4 ,,cut1 ,,m\ld$1 ,,& ,,engrav$ ,,w>e #bi ,v4 ,,old ,,col\r$ ,,glass #ce ,,vi4 ,,old ,,dr9k+ ,,glasses #dj ,,vii4 ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,types ,,( ,,/em #df ,,viii4 ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,%apes ,,( ,,b[l #ef ,,ix4 ,,o!r ,,/emm$ ,,dr9k+ ,,glasses #fj ,x4 ,,jacobite1 ,,williamite1 ,,& ,,hanov]ian ,,glasses #ff ,,xi4 ,,tumbl]s1 ,,tank>ds1 8,,joeys10 ,,& 8,,boot0 ,,glasses #gc ,,xii4 ,,bottles1 ,,decant]s1 ,,& ,,jugs #gf ,,xiii4 ,,b[ls1 ,,lift]s1 ,,sug>-,,cru%]s1 ,,spoons1 ,,etc4 #gi ,,xiv4 ,,c&le/icks1 ,,lu/res1 ,,& ,,lamps #ha ,,xv4 ,,comports1 ,,sweetmeat1 ,,jelly ,,& ,,cu/>d ,,glasses #hd ,,xvi4 ,,salt ,,cell>s1 ,,pepp] ,,boxes1 ,,sug> ,,bas9s1 ,,etc4 #hh ,,xvii4 ,,mirrors1 ,,glass ,,pictures1 ,,glass ,,knobs #ij ,,xviii4 ,,old ,,pa/e1 ,,glass ,,beads1 ,,& ,,taws #ib ,,xix4 ,,g5]al ,,h9ts ,,& ,,w>n+s #ie ,,index #ajg ,i4 ,,old ,,engli% ,,glassw>e ,! glassw>e made 9 ,engl& & ,irel& dur+ ! eighte5? & "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 ! be/ ( ! k9d ev] made4 ,9 quality1 t9t1 feel1 & r+ ! pla9 bl[n glass 0 a beautiful product1 & :5 x 0 cut or engrav$ ! decoration 0 done by f9e craftsm5 & (t5 ) excell5t ta/e4 ,old glass has its own peculi> *>m2 ! d>k beauty ( ! cry/al metal1 ! v>iety ( =m1 ! bell-l r+ :5 flipp$1 ! sat9y feel+ ( ! surface1 ! sp>kle ( ! cut facets1 & ! comb9ation ( gracefulness & usefulness attract a collector3 9 cab9ets x %9es1 gleams1 gl[s1 & sp>kles 9 a retic5t1 well-br$ way4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,,m\ld$2 7#b7 ,,cotton-,,:ite2 7#c7 ,,cut ,,knopp$2 ,,& 7#d7 ,,cut ,,& ,,m\ld$ ,,capta9 ,,glasses ,!n !re is attraction 9 ! hi/orical & social traditions :i* h ga!r$ ar\nd ! w>e2 romance l+]s on 9 ! ,jacobite glasses1 ! ,williamite glasses1 ! ,georgian glasses1 ! rumm]s & grogg]s engrav$ & drunk f to celebrate ! victories ( ,nelson or fam\s elections2 & hum\r resides 9 _m ( ! relics ( ! pun*-b[l & six-bottle days4 ,to hon\r p>ticul> occasions "o's f9e old glasses may come out ( ! cab9et & be us$ at table aga92 ,i "k a collector ( 8capta9 glasses0 :o br+s !m out = *ampagne4 ,= decoration or 9 use old glass has a ref9$1 arti/ic1 ari/ocratic air4 ,,nei!r ,,too ,,r>e ,,nor ,,too ,,pl5tiful ,! s\nd ( ! pa/ seems to ?rob 9 ! r+ ( ?is frail & da9ty w>e2 at y\r t\* ! cry ( ! bygone seems he>d aga94 ,because ( fragility1 en\gh ( eighte5?-c5tury glass has n la/$ on to make x common1 & yet s mu* ( x is /ill extant t a collector's hunt = x is by no means a hopeless que/4 ,x may /ill be acquir$ at reasonable prices f deal]s 9 antiques1 & a hunt] = x 9 odd corn]s1 :o buys 9 %ill+s1 n 9 p\nds1 may reasonably hope to pick up _m f9e specim5s = next to no?+ ev5 yet4 ,f\r ye>s ago ,i b\ght a f9e drawn cordial glass = #b;d4 ,)9 ! pa/ ?ree ye>s ,i h myself b\ght a p]fect capta9 glass = #cs4 #f;d42 )9 ! la/ ye> ,i h b\ght six pun*-lift]s = #ags4 #f;d4 9 all1 uncommon z ^! bibul\s old siphons are4 ,a l>ge ,bri/ol col\r$-glass pap]-weight may co/ y #c 9 a deal]'s %op1 because ?ree ye>s ago !y began to be a 8rage10 b )9 ! pa/ two ye>s ,i h b\ght a ,bri/ol glass article1 equally beautiful 9 col\r & glass-fl[]s1 & mu* r>]1 = #bs4 ,footless coa*+ glasses & ?i/le-%ap$ fuddl+ glasses are seldom se51 ev5 on a deal]'s %elves1 b ,i h f\nd "o ( ea*1 9 odd corn]s1 = #f;d4 ,,! ,,"t ,,to ,,collect ,,is ,,n[ ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]=d ,,glass ,,engrav$ ,,& ,,cut3 ,,note ,,! ,,fanlike ,,edg+ ,,& ,,! 8,,/>0 ,,cut ,,to ,,edge ,,( ,,base2 ,,also ,,! ,,deep ,,cutt+ ,,( ,,! ,,floral ,,ornam5t ,n[1 if ev]1 is ! "t to collect old glass r *eaply1 = already ! prices ( x are m\nt+ 9 a rem>kable way4 ,?irty ye>s ago old w9e glasses engrav$ ) roses1 rosebuds1 & butt]flies--rose glasses1 z !y are call$--c\ld be b\ght = half-a-cr[n apiece or less--doz5s ( !m2 ?is price has multipli$ ne>ly tw5tyfold4 ,wat]=d cut-glass gr[s m & m de> to buy1 f deal]s :o "k x :5 !y possess x--!y w soon be sell+ x z if x 7 antique silv]1 at s mu* p] ounce--b only la/ ye> ,i b\ght 9 a prov9cial t[n a capta9 glass ( ?is w>e = #aes41 ?\gh #h 0 ! price ask$ = "o j l x 9 ! ,we/ ,end4 ,n[1 if ev]1 is ! "t = a beg9n] to take up ?is l9e ( collect+2 old ,engli% & ,iri% glass w nev] aga9 be s easy to f9d at reasonable prices z x is n[4 ,,su* ,,connoisseur%ip ,,n ,,difficult ,collect+ is a =m ( education1 b x is n difficult to become a kn[l$geable collector ( old glass4 ,c\nt]feits are s5t out by ! ?\s&1 =g]ies lie 9 wait1 totally new glassw>e1 imitative ( ! old1 is on sale 9 hundr$s ( curio deal]s' %ops1 "s ( !m o!rwise hone/ & respectable2 b only ignorance or c>elessness ne$ be tak5 94 ,a little /udy1 a little obs]vation1 a little c>e1 & ! beg9n] w soon be able to avoid mi/akes4 ,connoisseur%ip 9 old glass is less difficult ?an x is 9 old *9a1 = example2 porcela9 or e>!nw>e collect+ is m v>i\s1 m detail$1 has ref]5ce to long] p]iods ( manufacture1 & involves mu* m specific k ?an glass-collect+ does4 ,yet ,i h kn[n two or ?ree collectors ( porcela9 :o decl9$ to beg9 collect+ old glass because1 !y said1 !y w\ld 8nev] d>e0--z if an almo/ miracul\s skill 7 ne$$ to become a connoisseur 9 old glass6 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ?is is ! easie/ hobby to /udy & "k2 glass-collect+ requires an eye = ! diff]5t %ades & t9ts ( ! metal1 a f+]-tip = ! feel ( x1 an e> = ! r+ ( x1 & n mu* money z yet1 & practically t is all4 ,!re are no trade-m>ks to puzzle or deceive y2 !re is no su* di/9ction1 difficult to und]/& & ma/]1 z betwe5 8s(t0 *9a & 8h>d40 ,at pres5t old glass is easy to "k1 & n difficult to f9d4 ,i propose 9 ?is book to give g5]al h9ts1 8tips10 & in/ructions applicable to e v>iety ( old glass2 to expla9 ! sev5 pr9cipal te/s ( g5u9e age & antique make2 to prep>e ! beg9n] to g out collect+ glass ) ! infallible rules & pr9ciples = x fix$ 9 8 m9d4 ,equipp$ ) ^!1 anyone may exam9e1 te/1 & if satisfactory buy any vessel ( glass :i* he or %e may f9d 9 any odd corn]4 ,i am n writ+ ! book = ! ri*1 b = p ) m ta/e & cultivation ?an money1 & ?\gh ,i deprecate 8collect+0 = ! sake ( sell+ aga9 at a pr(it1 ,i may well po9t out t old ,engli% & ,iri% glass1 b\ght *eaply n[1 may become an inve/m5t de pre de famille2 ! collector may h ! joy ( f9d+ x1 ! cont9ual pleasure ( own+ x1 & yet "k t x w turn out to be 8good bus9ess0 = 8 heirs1 :5 ! sale comes1 at ! end4 ,,advantages ,,associat$ ,,) ,,glass ,! collect+ ( old glass is n yet sy/ematiz$2 !re are no deal]s' catalogues ( x or prices curr5t4 ,= ! next few ye>s ?is advantage w cont9ue 9 connexion ) old glass4 ,e deal] kn[s ! high price :i* squ>e-m>k$ ,worce/] *9a c comm&2 e second-h& booksell] kn[s ! price curr5t ( fir/ editions1 or copies ( r>e books2 b su* is n ! case ) old glass z yet4 ,sy/ematization has h>dly begun2 !re has be5 little rese>* into ! hi/ory ( makes & ! names ( mak]s4 ,"h is ano!r advantage = a collector3 he may discov] ?+s ( t k9d at pres5t unkn[n1 & ?us atta* 8 "n to ! hi/ory ( old glass :i* w "s day be writt54 ,a local collector may at no great co/ make a donation ( 8 treasures to ! local museum4 ,!re is no public collection ( ,newca/le-made glass at ,newca/le1 = in/ance1 or ( ,sund]l&-made glass at ,sund]l&1 & no local antiqu>y has /udi$ ! hi/ory ( ! f9e glass products made on ! ,tyne & ! ,we>4 ,nobody kn[s :i* k9ds ( glass 7 made at ,norwi* or ,lynn4 ,a hi/ory ( ,/\rbridge glass-mak+ & glassw>e has yet to be writt54 ,s t rese>*1 t additional delight ( collect+1 is m op5 9 connexion ) glass ?an ) any o!r well-kn[n 8l9e40 ,,collectable ,,glass ,,articles ,illu/ration3 ,,l>ge ,,mug ,,& ,,co9 ,,mug1 ,,imitat+ ,,old ,,silv] ,,%apes ,! numb] & div]sity ( old glass articles may be indicat$ by ! foll[+ incomplete li/3 w9e glasses1 be] glasses1 cid] glasses1 rumm]s1 cordial glasses1 liqueur glasses1 tumbl]s1 fir+ glasses1 coa*+ glasses1 fuddl+ glasses1 beak]s1 mugs1 tank>ds1 *ampagne glasses1 grog glasses1 ,masonic glasses1 goblets1 ,joey glasses1 8boot0 glasses1 8y>ds ( ale10 toy glasses2 flasks1 decant]s1 trays & wait]s2 pun* or salad b[ls1 trifle b[ls2 w9e bottles1 _s bottles2 jugs1 pun*-lift]s1 decant] /&s2 jelly glasses1 cu/>d glasses1 flip glasses1 syllabub glasses2 fruit baskets1 c5tre-pieces1 sweetmeat glasses1 capta9 glasses1 comports or sweetmeat glass /&s1 ep]gnes1 tazzas2 salt cell>s1 sug> ca/ors1 pepp] boxes2 caddy sug> b[ls2 lamps1 lant]ns1 *&eli]s1 c&le/icks1 nightlight glasses1 tap] hold]s2 f+] b[ls1 w9e cool]s2 oil bottles1 v9eg> bottles1 mu/>d bottles2 j>s1 pickle j>s2 tea trays1 pres]ve pots2 vases1 cov]$ vases2 roll+-p9s1 knife re/s1 knife & =k h&les1 spoons1 sug> cru%]s2 butt] pots1 cel]y glasses2 wea!r glasses1 *emical glasses1 eye ba?s1 wit*-balls1 porr+]s1 posset vessels1 holy-wat] vessels2 door-/ops1 pap]-weights2 mirrors1 knobs1 glass pictures1 bell[s-%ap$ flasks1 lu/res1 pa/e jewels1 beads1 taws1 toy birds1 animals1 tobacco pipes1 bell[s on /&s1 walk+-/icks1 rapi]s1 & o!r elaborate baubles & oddities made = ornam5t or z t\rs de =ce4 ,!re seems to h be5 a ,glass-mak]s' ,fe/ival held at ,newca/le "s hundr$ ye>s ago1 & x 0 = exhibition !n t mo/ ( ! freak glass toys & ornam5ts 7 made4 ,mu* old ,engli% & ,iri% glass 0 contemporane\sly s5t to ! ,am]ican m>ket1 & ! foll[+ articles 7 adv]tis$ z on sale at ,new ,york 9 ! ye> #aggc3 8,v ,ri* ,cut ,glass ,c&le/icks1 ,cut ,glass ,sug> ,boxes & ,cream ,potts1 ,w9e1 ,w9e-&-,wat] ,glasses1 & ,be] ,glasses1 ) ,cut ,%anks1 ,jelly & ,syllabub ,glasses1 ,glass ,salv]s1 also ,cyd] ,glasses1 ,orange & ,top ,glasses1 ,glass ,cans1 ,glass ,cream ,buckets & ,crewets1 ,royal ,ar* ,mason ,glasses1 ,globe & ,b>rel ,lamps1 etc40 ,! 8etc40 w\ld be capaci\s2 x w\ld include mo/ ( ! articles m5tion$ 9 ! p>agraph j prec$+ ?is1 & su* ?+s z cry/al globes to be fill$ ) wat] ?r\gh :i* a c&le might ?r[ & cond5se its rays1 = sew+ or lace-mak+ purposes1 at night4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,,bri/ol2 ,,& 7#b7 ,,nailsea ,,col\r$ ,,glass ,,wit*-,,balls ,a collector ignores w9d[-glass1 unless he c come ^u /a9$ glass1 pur*as+1 = #e p]haps1 a lead$ squ>e or oval ( sixte5?-c5tury ,swiss or ,g]man pa9t$ glass1 to hang 9 "o ( 8 w9d[s4 ,a collector ignores plate-glass1 except 9 ! =m ( mirrors1 p]haps4 ,a collector ignores c>boys1 & also ord9>y bottles1 b he acquires :5 he c "o ( ! ?ick1 /umpy1 almo/ black glass bottles 9 :i* ,georgian p bottl$ _! own cl>et or port1 import$ 9 ! cask4 ,x adds int]e/ to an antique bookcase1 corn] cupbo>d1 or cab9et if ! panes1 or "s ( !m1 %[ ! slight curvature *>act]i/ic be=e p]fectly flat %eet-glass c\ld be ca/2 & !re are "s old panes 9 :i* ! oxides h turn$ to a violet col\r--a silv]smi?'s %op ne>ly opposite ! top end ( ! ,haym>ket /ill displays "s--:i* are ( int]e/ to-day4 ,!re us$ to be glass objects :i*1 ,i suppose1 we %all nev] come ^u n[3 ! 8mort>0 or nightlight-glass1 ( ! k9d :i* /ood beside ! la/ sleep ( ,*>les ,i1 & ! 8s++-glasses0 :i* ,pepys he>d 9 #affh1 :5 he 8_h "o or two s++-glasses made1 :i* make an e*o to ! voice1 ! fir/ ,i ev] saw2 b s ?91 t ! v brea? broke "o or two ( !m40 ,^!1 & _m o!r beautiful pieces ( old glass1 are = ev] gone out ( rea*4 ,b ! hunt] may come ^u pieces :i* came into exi/5ce be=e ,que5 ,anne di$3 ,jacobean glass1 ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii at late/1 is occasionally f\nd4 ,= a gu9ea ,i obta9$ a f9e sacram5tal vessel 9 purfl$ & wrea!d glass be>+ ! symbol ( ! ,tr9ity 7see next page72 = #es4 a pi/ol-%ap$ sc5t bottle2 & = #abs4 #f;d4 a h& lamp1 all ?ree ( ,jacobean date4 ,,! ,,hunt ,,= ,,x ,9 fact1 ! limits 9 glass-collect+ are n yet fixable2 y nev] "k :at qua9t or r>e ?+ y may n come ^u 9 old glass4 ,o!r l9es ( collect+ are already sy/ematiz$1 & "p ( ! sy/ematization is a limit+ ( :at y may expect to f9d & a rais+ ( :at y may h to pay4 ,) glass !re are no su* b\nd>ies1 at pres5t2 any?+ out ( ! ord9>y 9 %ape1 purpose1 or date1 may be acquir$1 & %\ld be--! uncommon pieces are ! be/--?\gh (t5 because a piece is q unusual1 x w be (f]$ y at a v l[ price4 ,! small] deal]s "k t f half a gu9ea to a c\ple ( gu9eas is :at !y may *>ge = an old w9e glass1 accord+ to ! knobs or ! spiral 9 its /em1 b !y d n "k any fix$ price = less common specim5s1 & !y w sell at a hundr$ p] c5t4 pr(it on ! v small *>ges !y !mselves h paid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,communion ,,vessel1 ,,%[+ ,,purfl+ ,,on ,,! ,,h&le1 ,,& 8,,wri!n0 ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,! ,,b[l 7,,date ,,*>les ,,ii7 ,arm$ ) k ( ! g5]al te/s :i* ,i give 9 ! next *apt]1 a collector may ent] a deal]'s %op ne> ,bond ,/reet or a m>9e /ores 9 ! ,old ,k5t ,road1 a brok]'s at ,hackney or a cab9et-mak]'s w>eh\se 9 a c\ntry t[n1 a second-h& furniture %op at ,hamm]smi? or ! ,cal$onian m>ket on a ,friday2 he may look into a butl]'s pantry1 pe] into a cupbo>d 9 a kit*5 corn]1 se>* amid/ ! du/ ( a lumb]-room1 or rea* to ! deep int]ior ( a f>mh\se dress] or sidebo>d2 & almo/ always he w come ^u a collectable bit ( old glass4 ,he may hope to come ^u an old cry/al gaz+-ball1 us$ by fa%ionable =tune-tell]s a c5tury ago2 or ev5 "o ( ! old glass eggs :i* eighte5?-c5tury ladies held 9 _! h&s to keep _! palms cool = a lov]'s kiss4 ,,! ,,collector',s ,,range ,illu/ration3 ,,masonic ,,engrav$ ,,goblet1 ,,) ,,cut ,,/em2 ,,! ,,grooves ,,( ,,! ,,cutt+ ,,encroa*+ ,,on ,,! ,,b[l ,! beg9n] %\ld recognize f ! fir/ t ! range ( ! collector ( old glass is n yet def9$2 t ! practical h9ts & rules giv5 9 ?is book may be appli$ to any piece ( glass1 & %\ld be1 no matt] h[ unusual its =m or inexplicable n[ its use 9 its "t4 ,dur+ ! next few ye>s ?+s :i* n[ seem oddities1 because !y are s unusual1 may become p>ticul>ly s\ght aft]1 & valu$ because !y are r>e4 ,i !re=e advise ! beg9n] to be a g5]al & diffus+ collector1 leav+ no g5u9e old piece unsnapp$-up :i* comes )9 8 rea* & means4 ,at pres5t cut ,wat]=d glass & spiral-/emm$ bl[n w9e glasses are ! ?+s mo/ s\ght aft] by glass collectors1 b !y may n be s a few ye>s h5ce4 ,i d n mean t !y w ev] drop 9 sell+ value n[1 b ,i anticipate t ! sell+ value ( o!r glass articles1 r neglect$ n[1 may appreciate2 t is :y ,i recomm5d ! practice ( g5]al & diffusive collect+ & a wide range4 ,b if a collector pref]s to specialize1 he may set out to collect w9e glasses only1 or inscrib$ glasses only1 or :at-n 9 t way2 he may g 9 = cut-glass only1 or bl[n glass only1 or col\r$ glass only1 or toys & ecc5tricities only2 he may *oose geographically1 collect+ ,iri% glass only1 or ,engli% glass only1 or ,bri/ol glass only1 & s =?4 ,9 any case 8 range w be limit$ by c]ta9 dates2 he w v seldom come ^u a piece s old z ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii1 & he w n c>e to collect glassw>e made s late z ! ye> 9 :i* ,victoria came to ! ?rone4 ,) ,v5ice-made glass ?is book has no?+ to d4 ,mu* old ,dut*-made glass exi/s 9 ,engl&1 b ! /ud5t ( ?is book w be enabl$ to detect x1 & n un9t5tionally to acquire x believ+ x to be ,engli% made4 ,bohemian-made glass1 cut & col\r$1 is seldom tak5 up by collectors "h4 ,! range 9 ^! isl&s is = ,engli% & ,iri% glass1 = x is ! w>e mo/ readily collectable1 mo/ likely to increase 9 value1 & to be mo/ readily sold :5 a collection comes to be disp]s$2 ,i m5tion ?is latt] consid]ation because any collector n weal?y mu/1 9 ju/ice to 8 heirs & dep5d5ts1 9 ?is matt] 8look to ! end40 ,,ii4 ,,sev5 ,,g5]al ,,guides ,,& ,,te/s ,sett+ =? to collect old glassw>e1 !re=e1 :at g5]al guides may ! beg9n] use1 & :at reliable te/s c he apply8 ,!re are sev53 7#a7 ! t9t ( ! glass2 7#b7 ! s\nd ( ! glass2 7#c7 ! quality ( ! glass metal 7or mat]ial72 7#d7 ! weight2 7#e7 ! signs ( use & we>2 7#f7 ! pontil-m>k2 & 7#g7 ! workman%ip4 ,^! sev5 suffice to equip ! beg9n]4 ,b z he collects & ga9s exp]i5ce1 _m details & developm5ts ( !m w come to 8 k1 :i* ,i %all ref] to 9 _! place4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t !re are no mak]'s m>ks to g by 9 glass1 z !re are 9 porcela91 e>!nw>e1 ,%effield plate1 or pewt]2 & no signatures1 z !re are 9 pa9t+s1 draw+s1 & et*+s4 #a4 ,,! ,,t9ts ,,( ,,old ,,glass ,old glass is d>kly brilliant4 ,x is n :itely cry/al z mod]n glass is2 ! eye c only see :at x looks =1 ev]1 & to un9/ruct$ eyes all glass is m]ely glass-col\r1 b ! exp]i5c$ collector sees t !re are _m diff]5t t9ts & t+es 9 ! cry/al ( glass4 ,^! t9ts & t+es are ! *ief guide1 te/1 & pr9ciple by :i* "o judges :e!r a piece ( glass is "o ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 eighte5? c5tury1 or sev5te5? c5tury1 z ! case may be4 ,to judge ! t9t1 place ! piece ( glass ^u a :ite tableclo?1 ne> to a tumbl] or decant] kn[n to be mod]n because ( rec5t pur*ase f an ord9>y v5dor ( h\sehold glass4 ,! eye1 look+ = x1 w !n notice 9 ! two pieces ( glass a /rik+ diff]5ce ( t9t1 if "o ( !m is old1 t is2 ! old piece is n only d>k] ?an ! :ite ( ! tableclo?1 b d>k] ?an ! piece ( mod]n glass4 ,& ! d>k] 7or sooti]7 its t9t ! old] ! glass1 z a rule4 ,t9t or t+e is a con/ant feature 9 old glass1 & an obvi\s feature directly ! eye kn[s :at to look =4 ,v>ieties ( d>k t9t may be detect$1 & by ^! v>ieties ! bit ( glass may be dat$1 its p]iod det]m9$1 & its age assign$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hunt+ ,,goblet1 ,,dome ,,foot ,if y place ne> ea* o!r1 ^u a :ite damask clo?1 a glass ( ,*>les ,,ii date1 a ,william & ,m>y glass1 a ,george ,,iii glass1 & a ,victorian glass1 y w notice a d>k5+ & !n a :it5+ 9 t9t 7?\gh n a bright5+7 z y\r eye travels f ! olde/ glass to ! mo/ mod]n4 ,by 8t9t0 or 8t+e0 ,i d n mean 8col\r10 9 ! s5se ( r$ or gre5 or blue2 ,i w deal ) col\r$ glass lat] on4 ,by 8t9t0 or 8t+e0 ,i mean ! %ade ( lead51 d>ki% hue 9 ! metal f :i* ! glass article 0 bl[n or m\ld$4 ,?is t9t or t+e 0 inh]5t 9 ! molt5 glass1 be=e %ap+ & cool+ began4 ,! metal or raw mat]ial 0 mix$ accord+ to recipe--ea* glassworks _h its own recipe--& "o ( ! mat]ials 0 lead4 ,! old] ! ,georgian glass1 ! m impure ! metal--t is1 ! full] ( lead oxides--& !re=e ! d>k]2 :at are call$ improvem5ts 9 glass-mix+ h gradually elim9at$ ! oxides1 & !re=e ! lead5 t9t or t+e also2 x is a/oni%+ h[ _m diff]5t %ades & t+es ( d>kness 79 t s5se7 a cab9et ( old glass c %[4 ,9 a few glasses ! b[l is pale sapphire or aquam>9e col\r1 ! /em be+ ! t9t ( pla9 glass4 ,illu/ration3 8,,trafalg>0 ,,glass3 ,,rumm] ,,on ,,balu/] ,,/em ,,& ,,rais$ ,,foot2 ,,example ,,( ,,elaborate ,,engrav+ ,! glass collector ex]cises 8 sight & applies ! te/2 x enables him to detect a c\nt]feit1 ?\gh 9 %ape & g5]al appe>ance x imitates ! g5u9e antique2 x is too :itely cry/al1 too t9tless to be old4 ,curio-%op w9d[s at ,brighton1 = in/ance1 are full ( frauds 9 glass1 *iefly cut-glass1 or glass m\ld$ to resemble cut-glass2 b ! *alky-:ite t9t betrays & condemns !m1 & ! in/ruct$ collector w n be tak5 94 ,also he w recognize g5u9e ,wat]=d glass by its own t+e ( col\r1 & g5u9e ,cork glass 9 a simil> way2 he w see t old ,dut*-made glass1 :5 ?ick1 has a sme>y1 milk-&-wat]y t9t1 & :5 ?9 has a fla%y1 m]etrici\s abs5ce ( deep t9t+3 he w le>n t old ,/\rbridge glass 0 :it] ?an antique ,bri/ol or ,newca/le glass1 & sometimes 0 milky-:ite2 9 c\rse ( "t & practice he w come to be able to 8date0 & 8place0 a piece ( old glass at sight1 z well z in/antly to reject a fraud4 ,! t9ts ( ,iri%-made glass4 ,glass made at ,wat]=d1 late 9 ! eighte5? c5tury & e>ly 9 ! n9ete5?1 0 a f9e product1 (t5 exquisitely cut3 x is di/+ui%able 9 m ?an "o way1 b has a *>act]i/ic t+e :i*1 once se51 is unmi/akable4 ,i _c f9d exact words = x1 x is n a blue nor a gre5 nor a blacki% t9t1 b is some?+ ( all ?ree1 & 0 due to excessive pres5ce ( oxide ( lead4 ,nobody has done any rese>* z to ,iri%-made glass1 & p suppose t ,cork-made glass resembl$ ! ,wat]=d glass1 b t is v unlikely1 because ea* factory mix$ accord+ to its own recipe1 & also us$ a diff]5t v>iety ( ea* ( ! raw mat]ials common to all glass4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ,cork glass is 8dull]0 ?an ,wat]=d1 & x has q a diff]5t1 a pale1 almo/ dun or yell[i%1 t+e1 p>ticul>ly visible 9 ! ?ick] p>ts2 a good _m lu/re-ornam5ts seem to h be5 made at ,cork4 ,belfa/ glass 0 yell[i%1 too1 if we may judge by ! t9t ( ,williamite glasses4 #b4 ,,! ,,s\nd ,,( ,,old ,,glass ,illu/ration3 ,,example ,,( ,,f9e ,,quality ,,rose ,,glass4 ,,cotton-,,:ite ,,spiral4 ,,note ,,! ,,rose ,,leaves ,,& ,,/ems ,p]haps because m lead 0 us$ 9 ! 8metal0 or raw mat]ial1 b at any rate = "s di/9ctive reason1 old ,engli% & ,iri%-made glass has a m musical s\nd ?an any made abroad4 ,flick or flip ) y\r f+]-nail1 or p9* ne> y\r e>1 a piece ( ?is old w>e1 & a vibrant1 resonant1 & l+]+ r+ is audible4 ,! ?9n] ! "p ( ! glass y flick ! m ! s\nd1 ( c\rse2 b some?+ ( a r+ %\ld come f almo/ any "p ( ! article4 ,ano!r way ( produc+ ?is *>act]i/ic s\nd is to keep on rubb+ a wett$ f+] ar\nd ! edge ( ! b[l ( a w9e glass or f+] b[l1 till rhy?mic vibration is set up1 & ! s\nd /eals =?4 ,& x is a bell-l1 musical note1 almo/ ! ,f %>p or ,g %>p1 or ,a or ,b ( ! #d? octave 9 a pian(orte keybo>d3 d>ki% glass ) ?is resonance is almo/ sure to be old ,engli% or ,iri% made4 ,mu* eighte5?-c5tury ,dut* glass is /ill extant "h1 & is (t5 mi/ak5 = ,engli%2 b x ne$ n be3 ?9 or ?ick1 ,dut* glass s5ds out no l+]+ resonance1 long1 cle>1 musical1 & true4 ,dut* glass t9kles :5 y flip x1 b ! s\nd is dead a few seconds aft] be+ born4 ,! s\nd te/ = old ,engli% or ,iri% glass is1 ,does x r+ ) a musical note t ?robs1 s+s1 & l+]s 9 a way to delight ! e>8 ,! s\nd ( old ,dut*1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 or ,g]man glass is crack$1 s to speak1 ?\gh ! vessel itself is n2 b ,o h>k1 ,o he>6 h[ ?9 & cle>1 ,& ?9n]1 cle>]1 f>!r go+6 are l9es :i* ,t5nyson might h writt5 to describe ! music ( old ,engli% & ,iri% glass2 too mu* /ress _c be laid ^u ?is te/--! la/+ note is ! crit]ion4 ,s t n[1 ) bo? t9t & s\nd to guide u1 we ne$ n be tak5 9 by mod]n copies or old ,dut* glass4 #c4 ,,! ,,quality ,,( ,,old ,,glass ,,metal ,illu/ration3 ,,example ,,( ,,f9e ,,quality2 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,butt]fly ,,& ,,! ,,cotton-,,:ite ,,wrea?+ ,,ar\nd ,,! ,,c5tral ,,tube ,italians & ,fr5*m5 came to ,engl& 9 ! sixte5? c5tury to tea* ! art & my/]y ( glass-mak+ to our isl&]s2 yet nei!r old ,italian nor ,fr5* glass metal has ! quality ( old ,engli% & ,iri% glass metal4 ,! glassw>e made "h betwe5 ! reigns ( ,que5 ,anne & ,que5 ,victoria _h ! be/ quality ( any glass ev] made 9 ! _w4 ,b :at is quality 9 ?is connexion8 ,x means mat]ial1 b x also means ! manipulation ( mat]ial & ! effect produc$4 ,! glass made dur+ ! reigns ( ! f\r ,georges 0 call$ 8fl9t glass0 & 8lead glass0--misnom]s1 p]haps1 b ,i ne$ n take up space "h 9 discuss+ t2 ! important po9t is t ! quality ( ! metal & ! skill ( ! manipulation result$ 9 ?9ness1 rigidity1 %apel9ess1 a velvety surface1 d>k %e51 brilliancy1 radiancy ( facets :5 cut1 & ! vibrant1 musical r+ ( ! eighte5?-c5tury glass4 ,glass made "u ,*>les ,,ii 0 n s d>k1 & ,victorian glass 0 :it]2 ,victorian & mod]n ,engli% glass is ( excell5t quality1 b is uni=m to almo/ a pa9ful degree4 ,x lacks "* & div]sity2 ! ,georgian glass 0 individual & orig9al1 s to speak4 ,!re 7 faults 9 x--little air-blobs1 or vesicles1 t feel l pimples on ! surface1 or %[ z bubbles )9 x2 /riations1 l l9es ( fibre1 also2 & deviations f ! /rict ma!matic l9e or curve1 :i* 7 due to h&-"w4 ,b if y exam9e contempor>y ,dut*-made1 ,fr5*-made1 or ,italian-made glass1 y notice t ! same defects exi/1 & m num]\sly1 :ile !re is a flims9ess1 or a lump9ess1 or a sme>y look & h>% feel :i* are abs5t f old ,engli% & ,iri% glass4 ,a speck$1 pimply surface1 & a dull ?ickness & clumsy lump9ess or fla%y ?9 lightness1 are f\nd 9 old ,dut*-made glass2 & ?is1 tak5 9 conjunction ) ! abs5ce ( true r+1 enables a collector to reject ! old w>e s5t ov] f ,holl&4 ,! quality ( ! ,engli% & ,iri% glass metal comes out 9 ! surface1 too1 a little2 ! f+]s feel ! surface ( an old bl[n w9e glass to be cool1 smoo?1 h>d1 & yet velvety2 :ile ! surface ( ,wat]=d cut-glass has a silky feel4 #d4 ,,! ,,weight ,,( ,,old ,,glass ,9 8 privately circulat$ book on 8,engli% ,balu/] ,/emm$ ,glasses ( ! ,sev5te5? & ,eighte5? ,c5turies0 ,mr4 ,francis ,buckley aptly says t 8,engli%-made glasses ( ! fir/ p]iod 7 all light 9 weight & cl\dy 9 appe>ance4 ,"s "t betwe5 ! ,re/oration & ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 b :5 precisely x is difficult to say1 ! ,engli% glass-mak]s began to try exp]im5ts ) a view to remov+ f _! glasses ?is dull & cl\dy appe>ance4 ,_! object 0 to produce a sub/ance l cry/al2 & ?is object !y ev5tually a*iev$ by introduc+ into _! metal a l>ge quantity ( lead40 ,?is gave ! *>act]i/ic weight4 ,! old ,dut* glass seems light 9 weight1 ev5 :5 x is ?ick2 old ,engli% & ,iri% glass seems relatively heavy ev5 :5 x is ?94 ,wat]=d glass is especially heavy4 ,^! diff]5ces 9 weight are probably due to diff]5ces 9 ! mat]ials us$ = mix+ ! metal2 b :atev] ! cause1 !y aid ! collector to "k ! real f ! c\nt]feit1 & ! old ,engli% f ! ,dut*4 ,ev5 ! ?ick1 clumsy glasses made "h 9 ! reign ( ,william & ,m>y seem m weighty ?an ^? o!rwise exactly simil> :i* 7 !n br\ght ov] f ,holl&4 #e4 ,,! ,,signs ,,( ,,use ,,& ,,we> ,_m fanta/ic pieces ( old glass 7 made z curiosities or ornam5ts1 b mo/ old glass 0 made = use4 ,glass is easily scrat*$2 z ! w9e glasses & decant]s 7 set d[n ^u ! h>d1 poli%$ mahogany ( d9n]-tables1 aft] ! clo? 0 drawn1 & 7 mov$1 ! feet ( ! w9e glasses & ! bases ( ! decant]s become scrat*$ !reby4 ,lu/re-ornam5ts1 glass c&le/icks1 or glass vases :i* /ood ^u m>ble or h>d wood mantelpieces1 be+ mov$ :5 maids]vants 7 du/+1 became scrat*$ at ! base4 ,! collector w !re=e c>efully exam9e ^? p>ts ( a piece ( glass :i*1 if x is old1 may be expect$ to %[ ! signs ( use & we> caus$ by contact & movem5t ^u h>d surfaces2 x is well to d ?is by ! aid ( a pocket-l5s--:i* ought to be a glass collector's con/ant companion4 ,9 a g5u9e old piece ! scrat*es are num]\s1 d n all run ! same way1 & are du/-col\r$1 m or less4 ,mo/ c\nt]feits %[ no scrat*es at all1 b ! m elaborate =g]ies %[ artificial scrat*es2 ^! usually run all "o way1 h[ev]1 or seem all to h be5 made toge!r at ! same "t1 & sometimes ^! artificial scrat*+s appe> 9 p>ts ( ! glass :i* w\ld n be expos$ to m>k+ ( ! k9d :5 9 use1 z1 = in/ance1 inside ! b[ls4 ,yet x is n wise to condemn & refuse z a fraud a piece ( glass :i* %[s ! o!r f\r or five g5]al evid5ces ( g5u95ess simply because only slight scrat*+ is evid5t2 = ! glass may h be5 /&+ 9 a cupbo>d unus$ = _m ye>s1 its nose put out ( jo9t by "s *ange ( fa%ion 9 table-w>e soon aft] x _h be5 b\ght1 & h pass$ into a collector's cab9et be=e com+ into y\r h&s = exam9ation4 ,nor is x safe to suppose t ! m ! scrat*es ! old] ! piece2 x may h _h m ?an ! common am\nt ( usage4 ,if ! glass has a 8fold$ foot0 or a 8r+-base0 to /& on1 ! scrat*es w be at ! v edge ( ! foot1 or on ! r+1 j :]e x t\*$ ! table or mantelpiece1 & !re only4 #f4 ,,! ,,pontil-,,m>k ,i m5tion ?is la/ because x does n apply to all old glass2 x does n apply to glass t 0 ca/ or m\ld$1 b x applies to all old bl[n glass1 & is a v important te/ & guide inde$4 ,! pontil-m>k is ei!r a depression 9 ! glass1 %all[1 ab\t ! size ( ! ?ird f+]-end1 or a lump ab\t t size1 /&+ up f ! level ( ! glass ar\nd x4 ,! pontil-m>k indicates fir/ t ! piece ( glass 0 orig9ally bl[n1 & second t be=e remov+ ! bl[-pipe ! workman1 z usual1 atta*$ ! bl[n glass to a pontil4 ,! pontil or punt is an iron rod1 jo9$ to ! vessel by a little melt$ glass :ile ! vessel is /ill hot4 ,:5 ! "t comes = tak+ away ! pontil1 x is done by contact ) cold wat]1 :i* causes ! glass to contract ar\nd ! pontil-end & ! pontil to become deta*$4 ,glass vessels :i* 7 bl[n1 only1 %[ ! depression or ! lump accord+ly3 bl[n-glass vessels :i* 7 aft]w>ds 8cut0 %[ x 9 "p only1 or n at all1 if ! glass-cutt] remov$ x3 vessels nei!r bl[n nor cut1 b ca/ 9 a m\ld1 d n %[ x because !y nev] _h x4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury & ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5?1 glass m\ld+ seldom took place2 s t ! pres5ce ( ! pontil-m>k1 :e!r x be a holl[ or a lump1 usually indicates age 9 ! vessel :i* %[s x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"u-,,side ,,( ,,w9e ,,glass ,,foot1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,pontil-,,m>k ,,& ,,! ,,hemm$ ,,or 8,,fold$ ,,foot0 ,,edge ,9 ! olde/ glass ! pontil-hole is flak$ ) some?+ :i* r resembles mica4 ,9 ! olde/ w9e glasses ! pontil-lump /&s out knobbily4 ,9 e case !re are signs ( ! local fracture4 ,z a rule1 ! old] ! glass ! bigg] & r\gh] ! pontil-m>k4 #g4 ,,! ,,workman%ip ,! s5sible1 practical adaptation to purpose & ! workmanlike make ( ,engli% & ,iri% old glass af=d ano!r te/2 comp>$ ) our native product1 ,fr5* glass ( ! same p]iod seems meagre1 & ,dut* flimsy or clumsy2 ,italian is fanta/ic & tawdry4 ,! ,fr5* & ! ,italian w>e 0 (t5 gild$1 ! ,dut* pa9t$3 ^! are features seldom se5 on ,engli% & ,iri% glass4 ,9 place ( gild+ or o!r add$ ext]nal decoration ! isl& w>e pres5t$ a sub/ance nei!r too ?9 nor too ?ick1 b[ls p]fectly r\nd$1 /ems /rong & /\t b n bulky1 too tall1 or too %ort2 feet t hold on to ! table well1 & are n w>p$ & unev54 ,9 ! freak & toy pieces1 too1 ! excell5ce ( ! workman%ip is obvi\s4 ,,iii4 ,,bl[n ,,w>e ,! bl[-pipe is n s old an implem5t z ! pott]'s :eel1 b x seems to h be5 us$ #ejjj ye>s ago1 9 ,egypt4 ,pl9y fir/ gave ! fanciful acc\nt ( ,phnician m>9]s accid5tally fus+ c>bonate ( soda ) sea-s&2 ,dr4 ,johnson comm5t$ on t z foll[s3 8,:o1 :5 he saw ! fir/ s& or a%es by a casual int5s5ess ( heat melt$ into a metallic =m1 rugg$ ) excresc5ces1 & cl\d$ ) impurities1 w\ld h imag9$ t 9 ?is %apeless lump lay conceal$ s _m conv5i5ces ( life z w\ld 9 "t con/itute a great "p ( ! happ9ess ( ! _w8 ,yet by "s su* =tuit\s liquefaction 0 mank9d taught to procure a body at once 9 a high degree solid & transp>5t2 :i* might admit ! light ( ! sun & exclude ! viol5ce ( ! w9d2 :i* might ext5d ! view ( ! philosoph] to new ranges ( exi/5ce1 supply ! decays ( nature1 & succ\r old age ) subsidi>y sight40 ,p]haps ! fir/ glassw>e 0 ca/1 or m\ld$1 & !re is no record ( :5 or :]e ! bl[-pipe 0 fir/ us$4 ,anci5t glass beads 7 probably made by m\ld+3 probably ! fir/ glass ev] made 9 ,engl& 7! w9d[s at ,we>m\? ,*ur*1 9 ,a4,d4 #fge7 0 ca/4 ,n until ! sixte5? c5tury1 app>5tly1 0 any bl[n glass made 9 ,engl&1 & none ( x rema9s bo? extant & intact2 collectors are =tunate :o come ^u a piece ( date s e>ly z ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ev52 b f ! la/ few ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury to ! fir/ few ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury inclusive1 ,engli% & ,iri% bl[n glass 0 ! be/ 9 ! _w4 ,!re=e x is ! bl[n pieces :i* are ! mo/ *>act]i/ic1 :e!r bl[n only or bl[n & aft]w>ds engrav$ or cut4 ,& ! bl[n pieces1 be+ int5d$ = use1 are ! m num]\s1 & ! m readily collect$2 ! cut & engrav$ pieces1 be+ = ornam5t1 7 m co/ly1 & !re=e few]--?\gh p]haps !y h be5 m c>efully pres]v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\ld$ ,,caddy ,,sug>-,,bas91 ,,& ,,jacobean ,,h&-,,lamp ,,) ,,balu/] ,,/em4 ,,note ,,! ,,cl\dy ,,t+e ,dr9k+ glasses are ! mo/ fav\r$ aim ( collectors & at pres5t are ! old glass objects mo/ frequ5tly (f]$1 b z glass-collect+ becomes m popul> o!r glass objects are br\ght out ( cupbo>ds & places :]e !y h be5 ly+ neglect$2 & my c\nsel is t a collector %\ld acquire any piece ( old bl[n-glass w>e :i* he c4 ,,iv4 ,,cut1 ,,m\ld$1 ,,& ,,engrav$ ,,w>e ,a collector n]v\s ab\t frauds %\ld take note t c\nt]feits ( old cut-glass are mu* m num]\s ?an c\nt]feits ( old bl[n glass2 ! latt] is =g$1 9 ! %ape ( w9e glasses ) spiral /ems1 b n at all successfully4 ,9 cut-glass !re is also ! confusion ) m\ld$ glass to bew>e (1 b ! f+] feels ! edges ( cut-glass to be slightly r\gh--r l woodwork edges n s&-pap]$ (f--& ! eye c detect a diff]5ce betwe5 :at 0 cut & :at 0 m\ld$4 ,9 f9e old cut-glass ! surface feels silky1 & ! t\* slips ^u x :]e ! cutt+ is %all[2 m\ld$ glass has a wavy1 r\nd$ feel4 ,cut-w>e glass seems to be ! m popul> 8l9e0 ( collect+ 9 glass1 s x is well to consid] ! k9ds ( cutt+ "h2 rememb]+ all ! :ile ! te/s ( t9t1 etc41 z betwe5 ! old & ! new4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,cut-,,glass ,engli%-& ,iri%-made glass1 be+ heavi] & bett] quality ?an any o!r1 l5t itself to cutt+ especially well2 b probably ! *ief cause ( ! developm5t ( cut-glass "h 0 ! excise duty1 :i* 0 levi$ on ! pla9 manufactur$ article1 s to speak--! glassw>e z ! bl[] or m\ld] turn$ x out4 ,! excise on t hav+ be5 paid1 all additional value giv5 to ! w>e aft]w>ds 0 non-taxable2 !re=e cutt+ came into vogue1 & ! glass cut 9 ^! isl&s became ! be/ 9 ! _w4 ,( all cut-glass 8,wat]=d0 0 ! mo/ beautiful2 its specific gravity 0 ! greate/1 & deep cutt+ c\ld take place )\t ! w>e be+ clumsily heavy to beg9 )4 ,,! 8,,wat]=d0 ,,/yle ,,( ,,cutt+ ,cork1 ,dubl91 & ,belfa/ cut-glass resembles ,wat]=d cut-glass 9 ev]y?+ b t9t & weight1 & p]haps x 0 ! ,celtic /ra9 9 ! ,iri% glass-cutt]s' blood :i* gave a m ?an ,engli% fre$om & fantasy to _! art4 ,at any rate1 ! /yle ( _! cutt+ may be describ$ z 8curv$0 & 8arabesque02 x 0 also %all[1 g5]ally2 fl[+ l9es & slight holl[s1 flatti% r\nd$ curves1 & int]lac+s are evid5t2 /ems & c&le/icks are 8:ittl$0 r ?an cut deeply2 rims are (t5 surr\nd$ by little semicircles1 ! edge ( ea* semicircle be+ cut into angles ) %>p po9ts2 sometimes ^! resemble half-op5 fans4 ,! less ! am\nt ( cut ornam5t1 ! e>li] ! piece1 z a rule4 ,!re is ,engli% /yle diamond-%ap$ cutt+ 9 ,iri% glass1 & "s 8hob-nail0 cutt+--%ap$ flat ends /&+ out z hob-nails d f boot soles3 !re is "s 8/rawb]ry0 cutt+2 b z a rule1 a flu5t1 curv+1 arabesqu+ /yle ( cutt+1 ) p>allel horizontal l9es1 holl[ prisms1 upright flut+1 & p>allel v]tical l9es 9 panels1 ! latt] sometimes resembl+ basket-plait+1 *>act]ize ,wat]=d cut-glass4 ,,! 8,,/\rbridge0 ,,cutt+ ,! ,/\rbridge glass-cutt]s1 on ! o!r h&1 r ov]-did & abus$ ! deep1 regul>1 ma*9e-l repetition ( ! 8diamond0 & ! 8hob-nail0 & ! 8pomegranate40 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! cutt+ 0 flat & fl[+1 & a fe/oon-l1 hung-tape/ry-l =m may be se54 ,illu/ration3 7#a ,,& #b7 ,,wat]=d1 ,,& 7#c7 ,,/\rbridge ,,cut-,,glass ,,b[ls ,,! 8,,bri/ol0 ,,cutt+ ,bri/ol glass-cutt]s w5t 9 = dep?1 b also = fantasy3 a leaflike arrangem5t may be se53 ! fl[+ l9es 9 8,bri/ol0 cutt+ are n s f9e & curv$ z !y are 9 ,wat]=d glass4 8,,newca/le0 ,,cutt+ ,p]haps ! 8?i/le0 glasses1 s popul> 9 ,scotl&1 7 made & cut at ,newca/le1 ! ne>e/ glass-mak+ c5tre3 b 8?i/le cutt+0 does n mean cut l a ?i/le2 x means m9ute diamond-%ape cuts ^u a vessel conv5tionally resembl+ a ?i/le-head 9 %ape4 ,,! ,,/> ,,at ,,! ,,base ,9 old cut-glass a /> is (t5 f\nd1 cut 9 ! base ( ! vessel1 "u x2 usually ! old glass-cutt]s ext5d$ ?is /> to ! v edges ( ! base4 ,9 m mod]n cutt+ ! rays ( ! /> d n ext5d s f>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,example ,,( 8,,pomegranate0 ,,& 8,,diamond0 ,,cutt+3 ,,note ,,! 8,,/>0 ,,also1 ,,cut ,,to ,,! ,,edge1 ,,& ,,! ,,scrat* ,,across ,,! ,,base ,,caus$ ,,by ,,we> ,,m\ld$ ,,glass ,ab\t #ahej m\ld$ imitations ( cut-glass begun to ou/ ! m exp5sive orig9als1 & m\ld$ glass ( t date & s9ce !n is n wor? a collector's att5tion4 ,b old m\ld$ glass1 ) ! "r t9t 9 x1 is wor? acquir+2 9 ! %ape ( c&le/icks1 = in/ance4 ,cutt+ c\ld be done1 & 0 done1 ei!r ^u glassw>e orig9ally bl[n1 or ^u glass orig9ally m\ld$--t is1 ca/ 9 a m\ld4 ,sometimes ! /em or %ank & foot 7 left unt\*$ :ile ! upp] "p ( ! vessel 0 cut4 ,m\ld$ glass uncut %[s no acut5ess ( edge nor %>pness 9 ! depressions4 ,mod]n m\ld$ glass is (t5 v elaborate1 h[ev]1 & ! beg9n] may readily be deceiv$4 ,,engrav$ ,,glass ,"s "p ( ! engrav+ on "s glasses 0 really cutt+3 9 roses :i* =m "p ( ! decoration ( f9ely engrav$ glasses1 ! f+] feels plane aft] plane ( depression1 :]e ! engrav] deeply cut away ! metal to imitate ! petals ( ! rose4 ,:5 ! engrav+ goes z deep z ?is1 or deep] ?an usual1 ! effect is to give a du/ col\r to ! engrav$ "w1 :i* helps "o to be sure t ! object be=e "o is n an old pla9 glass rec5tly 8engrav$ up0 ) a ,jacobite or o!r design to make x sell = m money4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"u-,,side ,,( ,,bas91 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,/> ,,cut ,,to ,,! ,,edge ,b z a rule engrav+ is a surface op]ation1 done ) a diamond or on ! :eel1 or by s&bla/1 or by use ( acids4 ,:]e ! engrav+ is flat1 n cut 91 ! orig9al greyi%-:ite effect may long rema92 a collector ne$ n suppose t ! engrav+ is rec5t because ! t9t ( x is n br[ni%1 a col\r due to ye>s & accumulations ( du/4 ,inde$1 ! r\gh] & co>s] ! rec5t engrav+ ! m likely du/ to settle 9 x1 z well z ^u x1 & to give x a du/y t9t4 ,really f9e old engrav+ c rema9 almo/ z fre% 9 appe>ance & t9t z x ev] 01 ev5 till to-day4 ,& ! natural t9t ( glass engrav+ resembles ! t9t ( gr\nd glass4 ,( c\rse1 :5 ! poli%+-:eel 0 appli$1 ei!r to p>ts or to ! :ole ( ! engrav+1 ?is greyi%-:ite t9t 0 poli%$ away4 ,! poli%+-:eel 0 also us$ to remove ! pontil-m>k 7:5 x 0 a lump or knob7 f ! feet ( w9e & o!r glasses4 ,dut* or ,g]man engrav$ old glass %[s m sme>y 9 ! engrav$ "p ?an ,engli% or ,iri% glassw>e does4 ,v4 ,,old ,,col\r$ ,,glass ,at ,bri/ol1 ,nailsea1 ,wrockw>d9e1 & p]haps at ,norwi*1 glassw>e ( v>i\s col\rs 0 made4 ,!re are collectors :o c>e = no?+ else b col\r$ glass2 !re are collectors :o only c>e = col\r$ glass pap]-weights2 !re are collectors :o w n buy col\r$ glass at all4 8,,bri/ol0 ,bri/ol col\r$ glass is ! mo/ s\ght =4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties4 ,! r>e/ is ! opaque1 :iti% glass :i* r resembles porcela9 or ,batt]sea enamel 9 g5]al t9t1 & is pa9t$ ^u z if x 7 porcela9 or enamel3 held to a good light ?is w>e is se5 to be r opalesc5t1 & might be dubb$ opal glass4 ,edk9s1 a pa9t] ( ,bri/ol delft1 us$ delft-l col\rs & designs on ?is opal glass2 wrea?s ( fl[]s 7! rose & ! fu*sia 9 p>ticul>7 & fl\ri%es 9 ! ,l\is ,,xv /yle are *>act]i/ic4 ,cups & sauc]s1 teapots1 tumbl]s1 b[ls & jugs1 cruet vessels1 & c&le/icks ( ?is w>e exi/1 ?\gh few2 ! la/-nam$ imitat$ ,batt]sea enamel c&le/icks 9 %ape & decoration4 ,a *>act]i/ic ( ?is glass is ridges or waves on ! surface1 detect$ by ! f+]4 ,! e>lie/ examples h dom$ & fold$ feet4 ,less r>e1 b r>e1 are ! w9e glasses ) r$ & :ite or blue & :ite spirals 9 ! /ems :i* 7 made at ,bri/ol2 if ! :ite is n cotton-:ite b greyi%1 h[ev]1 su* a glass is probably old ,dut*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bri/ol ,,col\r$ ,,glass ,,pepp] ,,box1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,elaborate ,,fl[]s1 ,,su* ,,z ,,are ,,se5 ,,9 ,,pap]-,,weights ,f9e tablew>e ( transp>5t blue1 blue-gre51 r$1 & purple 0 made at ,bri/ol2 ! blue is a peculi>1 unique blue1 imitat$ b nev] well reproduc$2 :]e ! glass is ?ick1 x1 held to ! light1 %[s a ,royal purple1 & :]e ?9 x is almo/ a sea-blue4 ,egg-cups ( ?is w>e are h&some4 ,bri/ol r$ glass is ( a ruby hue1 ) n s mu* v]milion 9 x z 9 ,bohemian glass3 !re is also 8*]ry-r$0 glass4 ,bri/ol blue & r$ glass 0 sometimes t\*$ ) gilt1 9 lett]+ & l9es2 ?is did n we> well except :5 emboss$4 ,bri/ol produc$ ! f9e/ glass pap]-weights--( a size & %ape to fill ! palm ( "o's h& if only ! wri/ & f+]-tips are t\*+ ! pap]--& at ! base ( ^! y see fl[]s ( col\r$ glass1 bright & v>i\s 9 hue1 & r5d]$ ) wond]ful skill2 ( ! same k9d ( mosaic or tessellat$ glass is a small pepp] pot 9 my possession1 a v r>e example4 ,o!r ,bri/ol pap]-weights1 l>g]1 & door-/ops1 /ill l>g] & heavi]1 7 tall ovals1 two or ?ree or f\r times ! size ( a goose's egg & r resembl+ "o 9 %ape2 ! col\r is a v]dant or a sage gre51 & ! inn] decoration is fl[]-petals & leaves1 pe>l$ ov] z if by dew1 & bl[n ) extraord9>y skill4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bri/ol ,,col\r$ ,,pap]-,,weights 7#a7 ,,gre52 7#b7 ,,col\r$ ,,spirals ,collectors %\ld bew>e ( =g]ies ( p>ti-col\r$ pap]-weights4 ,!y may be kn[n by ! co>s5ess ( ! fl[]s inside ! glass1 ! lack ( f9e workman%ip1 & ! tawdr9ess ( ! col\rs4 8,,bri/ol0 ,,& 8,,nailsea0 ,nailsea is a small place ne> ,bri/ol1 & nobody c n[ be sure f :i* ( ! two came any p>ticul> bauble--col\r$ glass-flask1 pe/le1 bell1 wit*-ball1 tobacco pipe1 trumpet1 jug1 roll+-p91 bell[s-%ap$ article1 walk+-/ick or rapi]1 or ! 7excessively r>e7 long glass cyl9d]s conta9+ col\r$ glass c\nt]s = games4 ,b x is ?\ght t ! ,bri/ol w>es ( ?is k9d 7 bright] 9 col\r ?an ! ,nailsea product1 :i*1 because less skilful & d>+1 p]haps1 0 cool] 9 t9t1 less /rik+ 9 mixture ( col\rs1 & !re=e m ref9$4 ,probably ,bri/ol produc$ ! glass :i* is ornam5t$ by alt]nate broad /ripes ( r$ & opal-:ite4 ,p]haps ,nailsea 0 responsible = glass ( a 8gre5]y-yall]y0 hue conta9+ :iti% spots or spla%es3 !re are _m =g]ies ( jugs & roll+-p9s1 9 ?is /yle1 ab\t4 8,,wrockw>d9e0 ,at ,wrockw>d9e1 9 ,salop1 ! glass works turn$ out col\r$ walk+-/icks1 ew]s1 sc5t-bottles1 flasks1 tw9 bottles = oil & v9eg>1 & toys2 ! *>act]i/ic be+ t ! glass is /rip$1 9 :ite & "o or m col\rs4 8,,sund]l&0 ,! ,sund]l& glassworks are suppos$ to h made roll+-p9s1 & almo/ c]ta9ly produc$ ! curi\s polygonal salt cell>s 7:i* "s p h ?\ght to be insulators = piano-feet71 t reflect col\r & gild+ or col\r$ heads ( m5 or wom51 f _! bases1 talc keep+ ! ornam5t !re 9 place4 ,,miscellanea ,wit*-balls seem to h be5 made at ,bri/ol1 = ,i own "o ( ! ,bri/ol r$ & opal-:ite2 at ,nailsea 79 inf]ior1 wat]y blue72 & at ,wrockw>d9e 7gre5i%-blue /rip$ ) pale :ite74 ,^! balls1 x is said1 7 hung at ea* door & w9d[1 8to keep ! wit*es out0 7see illu/ration1 page #h74 ,illu/ration3 ,,sund]l& ,,salt ,,cell>s ,glass articles spla%$ ) col\r outside1 on ! ext]ior ( ! article1 exi/1 b 9 great r>ity2 ! spla%$-on col\rs are glass-oxides1 b look l oil-pa9t2 ! gre5i% cle> glass b5ea? ! spla%+ resembles ! ,nailsea product4 ,,gre51 ,,purple1 ,,& ,,yell[ ,,w9e ,,glasses ,f9e w9e glasses1 = hock or o!r :ite w9es1 7 made 9 olive-gre51 grass-gre51 purple1 & orange2 ^! are collect$ by "s p = use at table1 by "s = ! collector's cab9et4 ,! old] ones %[ ! *>act]i/ics ( dim5sions & %ape :i* w be describ$ lat] 9 ?is book4 ,,vi4 ,,old ,,dr9k+ ,,glasses ,^! are ! fav\rite qu>ry ( ! hunt] = old glass4 ,i pref] ! m uncommon & out-(-!-way pieces myself1 b ! old w9e glasses1 goblets1 cordial glasses1 rumm]s1 ale glasses1 cid] glasses1 & s =? are s int]e/+1 (t5 s beautiful1 & sometimes s qua9t1 t ,i d n wond] at ! eag] collect+ ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 8,,?i/le0 ,,glass1 ,,e>ly ,,balu/] ,,/em ,seek+ z ,i d "r ?r\gh ?is book to /ate g5]al rules & te/s :i* ! beg9n] may apply to all glass he comes across1 ,i n[ m5tion ! g5]al features ( old dr9k+ glasses4 ,,! ,,lumpy ,,/em ,9 days :5 m5 did n rise f ! d9n]-table q s easily z !y fell "u x1 ! /em ( a dr9k+ glass mu/ be ?ick1 le/ x snap 9 ! convulsive h&1 & 0 m safely held :5 x 0 also lumpy or bulb\s--8knopp$0 & 8balu/]0-l are o!r t]ms = x3 ! f+]s clung to ! knobs4 ,,! ,,/\t ,,/em ,ev5 :5 ! bulb\s or lumpy /em ceas$ to be ! rule1 a ?ick /em--?ree or f\r times ! ?ickness ( mod]n w9e-glass /ems--0 ! rule1 = ! reason j giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,,egg-,,cup ,,b[l1 ,,knopp$ ,,/em 7,,cotton-,,:ite ,,spiral ,,swell+ ,,out7 ,illu/ration3 ,,tall ,,goblet1 ,,air-,,spiral ,,& ,,dome-,,foot ,,! ,,ext5sive ,,foot ,simil>ly1 old dr9k+ glasses 7 always made ) v broad 8feet0 or bases2 usually ! foot _h a l>g] circumf]5ce ?an ! b[l4 ,a semi-drunk5 h&1 sett+ ! vessel d[n on ! table1 might leave x rock+ = two or ?ree seconds1 b ! foot 0 s broad t x c\ld h>dly rock ov]4 ,,! ,,rais$ ,,foot ,because ( ! pontil-m>k be+ (t5 a knob1 or protub]ance1 ! foot ( ! glass mu/ n :olly re/ ^u ! table1 b t\* x ne> ! circumf]5ce ( ! foot only1 le/ ! knob at ! end ( ! /em %\ld prev5t ! glass /&+ level1 or %\ld scrat* ! mahogany4 ,,! ,,dom$ ,,foot ,"s ( ! olde/ glasses1 9 :i* ! pontil-m>k is q a l>ge protub]ance1 /& ^u feet :i*1 flat ^u ! table at & ne> ! edge1 rise domelike 9 ! c5tre4 ,^! dome feet are seldom symmetrical2 made by h&1 ! flat "p is usually wid] on "o side ( ! dome ?an on ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dome-,,foot ,illu/ration3 ,,high ,,in/ep ,,foot 7,,two ,,v>ieties7 ,,! ,,high ,,in/ep ,,foot ,z ! pontil-m>k became small] & n s r\gh1 ! dome foot gave place to "o :i* is ma9ly flat at ! base b slightly conical1 ris+ l a l[ r\nd hillock1 to jo9 ! /em3 se5 9 pr(ile1 ^! some:at resemble a leg & a foot ) a high in/ep4 ,no sev5te5?-or eighte5?-c5tury /emm$ dr9k+ glass except a 8fir+0 glass has a foot ) an uni=mly flat section4 ,,! ,,hemm$ ,,or ,,fold$ ,,foot ,_m old w9e glasses are *ipp$ at ! edge ( ! foot2 ?is 0 due to c>elessness 9 ! scull]y sometimes1 b (t5 to c>eless use by convivial gue/s4 ,!re=e glass-mak]s le>n$ ! advantage ( fold+ ! edge ( ! foot "u1 l a hem 9 ne$lework2 a r\nd$ edge1 less likely to be *ipp$1 0 ?us obta9$4 ,?is 8hem0 is ne>ly always irregul>1 be+ turn$ 9 m at "o "p ( ! base ?an ano!r4 ,z a rule1 ! pres5ce ( a fold$ foot indicates t ! glass 0 made be=e #agfj4 ,,! 8,,norwi*0 ,,foot ,nobody kn[s :at k9d ( glasses 7 made at ,norwi* or ,lynn1 b !re is a supposition t horizontal l9es1 9 ! b[l or 9 ! foot1 mean 8,norwi*-made03 ! foot is slightly t]rac$1 s to speak4 ,illu/ration3 8,,norwi*0 ,,foot ,,! ,,fir+ ,,glass ,,foot ,!re is1 ,i believe1 9 c]ta9 ,lodges1 a semi-ritual practice ( hamm]+ on ! table ) ! feet ( glasses1 rhy?mically1 aft] a toa/1 some:at 9 ! /yle ( applause call$ 8,k5ti% fire40 ,?is seems nev] to h be5 done ) w9e glasses1 b old cordial or _s glasses exi/ 9 consid]able numb]s :i* 7 expressly made = ! purpose1 & furni%$ ) flat feet an eigh? ( an in* ?ick or m1 s t !y %\ld n crack by concussion2 9 ^! old 8fir+-glasses10 too1 ! foot is bigg] 9 circumf]5ce ?an ! b[l4 ,,g5]al ,,rules ,^! consid]ations apply to /emm$ glasses = ale1 be]1 cid]1 & cordials also2 & to rumm]s & grog glasses ^u /ems t are %ort b /\t4 ,!re=e a g5u9e ,engli% or ,iri% dr9k+ glass ( sev5te5?-1 eighte5?-1 or e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury make has1 9 addition to ! t9t1 r+1 quality1 pontil-m>k1 workman%ip1 & signs ( use1 a /\t /em & an ext5sive1 rais$ foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,masonic ,,fir+ ,,glass3 ,,note ,,! ,,?ick ,,foot ,ab\t #ahcj1 ! six-bottle m5 be+ all dead1 & ev5 ! ?ree-bottle m5 becom+ r>e1 ! ?ickness ( ! /em & ! ext5siv5ess ( ! foot c\ld safely be r$uc$2 ! pontil-m>k1 too1 0 small]1 & ! foot ( a glass c\ld be made ) a l[] in/ep1 s to speak4 ,!re=e a ?9 /em & a foot n bigg]1 or small]1 ?an ! top ( ! b[l1 ) no pontil-m>k1 or h>dly any1 signify t ! glass 0 made dur+ ,victoria's reign or j be=e x began4 8,,?umb0 ,,glasses 8,?umb0 glasses are ^? 9 :i* ! ext]nal surface ( ! b[l is pitt$ ) depressions ! size ( a f+]-end1 s t ! %ak+ h& ( ! bibul\s might be ! less likely to let ! glass drop4 ,!y are usually tall ( b[l & %ort ( /em1 b r big ( foot4 ,,! ,,squ>e ,,foot ,old glasses ) ?ick squ>e bases appe> to belong to ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 ! 8,empire0 /yle 0 influ5c+ manufacture3 (t5 ! base is ( inf]ior workman%ip to ! b[l4 ,,! ,,feet ,,( ,,tumbl]s ,ev5 ! bases ( tumbl]s 7 made ?ick1 ?\gh !y 7 small] 9 circumf]5ce ?an ! top ( ! tumbl]4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,types ,,( ,,/em ,w9e glasses & o!r dr9k+ vessels ( glass may be/ be classifi$ accord+ to ! %ape or decoration ( ! /em4 #a4 ,,! ,,balu/] ,,/em ,! olde/ ,engli% dr9k+ glasses are ^? :i* h lumpy1 knobby1 bulb\s /ems1 ( wavy outl9es imitat+ ! /ems ( ,tudor & ,/u>t silv] goblets1 & r resembl+ ! %ape ( balu/]s 9 /air or t]race balu/rades1 or ! uprights 9 "s old gate-leg tables2 p]haps among ! balu/] /ems we %\ld class ^? :i* r resemble an inv]t$ obelisk1 ! broad "p j "u ! b[l & ! po9t )9 ! foot 7see illu/ration1 page #hd72 ?is long rema9$ ! fav\rite %ape 7& is almo/ ! *>act]i/ic %ape7 = :at are call$ sweetmeat glasses on /ems1 & = comports or glass /&s = sweetmeat glasses2 x gives a k9d ( %\ld] to ! /em4 ,sometimes ! l[] "p ( su* a /em z ?is is squ>e 9 section4 ,,! ,,coll> ,,9 ,,! ,,balu/] ,,/em ,(t5 ! /em does n directly jo9 ! bottom ( ! b[l1 b has a 8neck10 ) an out/&+ r+ ( glass or 8coll>0 ar\nd ! neck2 sometimes ! coll> is d\ble or triple2 ! neck & coll> 7 (t5 us$ lat]1 9 o!r ?an balu/] /ems4 ,sometimes ! coll> is ne> ! foot2 sometimes !re are two coll>s4 ,ar\nd "s /ems a fillet is f\nd2 ^! are v r>e4 ,illu/ration3 8,,williamite0 ,,glass3 ,,note ,,! 8,,coll>0 ,,on ,,! ,,balu/] ,,/em ,,! ,,old] ,,balu/]s ,! /\t] & lumpi] ! old] ! balu/] /em1 z a rule2 aft] ! accession ( ,william & ,m>y1 ! balu/] /ems grew m & m ref9$ & less heavy z ! ye>s w5t on4 ,b balu/]-/em glasses are priz$ by mo/ collectors accord+ to _! bigness & lump9ess ( outl9e2 ! old] ! bett]1 f ?is po9t ( view4 ,! massive /ems are v h&some2 :]e !y t\* ! b[l ! b[l is v ?ick1 & because ! /em & pontil-m>k 7 big1 ! foot is (t5 dom$2 s t ! curves ( ! b[l1 ! undulations ( ! /em1 & ! domelike or high-in/ep-l curve ( ! foot make a mat*$ & pleasant outl9e = ! :ole4 ,almo/ inv>iably balu/]-/em glasses h fold$ feet4 ,,co9s ,,9 ,,! ,,balu/] ,,/ems ,two ?+s may be look$ = inside ^! /ems--co9s & 8te>s40 ,sometimes "o ( ! swell+-out p>ts ( ! balu/] /em 0 l>ge en\gh to enclose a small silv] co92 a co9 glass is exce$+ly r>e & correspond+ly valuable1 b ! date ( ! co9 does n necess>ily indicate ! date ( ! glass4 8,,te>s0 ,,9 ,,! ,,/em ,illu/ration3 ,,pla9 ,,drawn ,,l>ge ,,ale ,,glass1 ,,%[+ 8,,te>0 ,,9 ,,/em ,_m balu/] /ems enclose a sep>ate blob or bubble ( glass1 call$ a 8te>40 ,x has be5 ?\ght t ?is 0 an accid5tal feature1 due to imp]fect mix+ ( ! metal & ! pres5ce ( air 9 ! molt5 glass4 ,obvi\sly1 t is an unlikely cause1 & 9 ! ,di>y ( ,mr4 ,pepys ,i h discov]$ a passage :i* seems to %[ h[ ^! 8te>s0 9 ! /em w\ld beg94 ,writ+ little m ?an tw5ty ye>s be=e #afhi1 ,pepys ref]s to ! 8*ymical glasses :i* break all to du/ by break+ (f a little end2 :i* is a great my/]y to me40 ,^! 7 call$ lacrym ,batavic1 or 8,dut* te>s10 & 7 made by lett+ drops ( molt5 glass fall into wat]2 hiss+1 ! glass became te>like 9 %ape1 a blob ) a long sl5d] tail1 & holl[4 ,probably su* z ^! 7 ! 8te>s0 :i* appe> z ornam5ts )9 ! old dr9k+-glass /ems1 di/9ctly visible & sep>ate f ! re/ ( ! glass 9 ! /em1 ?\gh ( ! same t+e & quality ( mat]ial4 ,! "n 8te>0 is to ?is ext5t a misnom]1 t ne>ly always ! 8te>0 is bigg] at ! top ?an ! bottom2 :]eas a te> prop] swells out m ! l[] x slips on ! *eek4 ,b ,i own a balu/]-/em glass 9 :i* ! l[] "p ( ! 8te>0 is ! bigg]1 & 9 "s su* glasses ! 8te>0 swells out or 9 to mat* ! %ape ( ! /em4 ,sometimes ?ree or five or m v small 8te>s0 appe> 9 "o ( ! bulbs4 #b4 ,,! ,,drawn-,,out ,,or ,,pla9 ,,r\nd ,,/em 8,drawn glasses0 7 made at twice--! b[l & ! /em 9 "o1 ! foot add$ lat]4 ,to und]/& bett] ?is mean+ ( ! ^w 8drawn10 imag9e a soap-bubble ) ! extra suds adh]+ to "o "p ( x1 & suppose t ! extra suds c\ld be drawn out to make a /em2 t 0 ! me?od us$ 9 glass4 ,! pla91 r\nd /em resembles a solid cyl9d]1 b x is "p ( ! b[l1 9 fact x is a cont9uation ( ! b[l4 ,! end ( ! cyl9d]1 ar\nd :i* ! foot 0 weld$1 made a pontil-lump1 & !re=e ! pla9 /em glass has ei!r a high in/ep or a dome foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,drawn ,,b[l ,,& ,,pla9 ,,r\nd ,,/em ,! pla9 r\nd /ems 7 made /\t because ( insobriety1 ?\gh t _h begun to less5 :5 ?is second type ( /em came into vogue4 8,te>s0 are (t5 se5 9 ! pla9 r\nd /ems4 #c4 ,,! ,,corrugat$ ,,r\nd ,,/em ,/ems :i* are ornam5t$ by outside spirals1 or s]ies ( small ridges & grooves alt]nat+1 are usually old ,dut*2 b "s ( !m are ,engli%1 ?\gh ( inf]ior quality & r+4 ,! quality is s poor & ! make s unsatisfactory t probably !y 7 a 8*eap & na/y0 contempor>y imitation & sub/itute = glasses adorn$ ) ! air spiral1 ! type :i* succe$ ! pla9 r\nd /em4 ,x is h>dly likely t ! corrugat$ /em prec$$ ! air-spiral /em2 or1 if at all1 = m ?an a few ye>s4 ,) ^! corrugat$ /ems "o expects to f9d1 almo/ )\t exception1 t ! b[l ( ! glass is %ap$ l an inv]t$1 incurv+1 wai/$ bell4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,,corrugat$ ,,/em ,,& 7#b7 ,,hop ,,& ,,b>ley ,,glasses1 ,,! ,,latt] ,,%[+ ,,! 8,,silv] ,,spiral0 #d4 ,,! ,,air-,,spiral ,,/em ,at any rate1 out ( ! 8te>s0 9 ! balu/] & pla9 r\nd /ems 0 develop$ ! idea ( ornam5t+ /ems by int]nal spirals or twi/s1 & :e!r ^! %\ld be numb] f\r or numb] ?ree 9 ! *ronological ord] is n v important4 ,by twi/+ :ile draw+ out ! /em f ! surplus metal ( ! b[l 7:i* conta9$ sev]al small 8te>s07 ! graceful & beautiful effect ( ! air spiral inside ! /em 0 produc$4 ,sometimes ! spiral />ts )9 ! b[l2 sometimes x w9ds r\nd ! base ( ! b[l2 b always ! ornam5tation becomes a trellis-"w or network :5 x fills up ! :ole /em2 :5 x does n fill up ! :ole /em1 x me&]s d[n x m$ially1 9 "o sub/antial spiral1 l a corkscrew or a rope1 or 9 two t int]lace3 & 9 ! f9e/ examples ! f+] c feel no ridg+ ( ! surface at all1 ?\gh a slight ridg+ is palpable 9 _m glasses4 ,n[ all ?is meant spl5did workman%ip--,engli% aptitude at h&icraft1 ! be/ ( its k9d 9 ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,drawn ,,b[l ,,& ,,air-,,spiral ,,/em1 ,,beg9n+ ,,bel[ ,,! ,,b[l ,sometimes ! spiral is s v brilliant t x seems z if x 7 made ( quicksilv]1 & collectors call x 8silv] spiral0 or 8brilliant air-twi/02 b ?is is probably an effect ( light4 ,9 all cases ! air spiral is glass col\r1 ! t9t ( ! re/ ( ! glass2 r$1 cotton-:ite1 & blue spirals belong to ! type ( /em to be m5tion$ next4 ,sometimes1 x is true1 a :ite ?read is se5 runn+ d[n ! c5tre ( ! /em1 )9 ! network ( air spirals2 b (t5] :5 ?is c5tral ?read occurs1 x is 8air-col\r0 itself4 ,air spirals are (t5 se5 9 /ems ( knobby or balu/] =m2 sometimes air-spiral /ems h 8necks40 ,?is probably means t long rods ( glass conta9+ air spirals 7 made1 ) ! balu/] %ape recurr+ at regul> int]vals ( suitable l5g?1 s t ! rod c\ld be cut up into l5g?s & ea* l5g? weld$ on to ! b[l & ! foot ( a glass4 ,^! are ! air-spiral glasses mo/ s\ght aft]4 ,sometimes ! /em ( a drawn glass 0 weld$ to a foot ( :i* a bulb 0 ! upp] "p1 ?is bulb sometimes conta9+ beadlike 8te>s10 b ^! are v r>e3 sometimes ! upp] "p ( ! /em is pla91 & ! l[] "p1 beg9n+ ) a knob1 is air spiral1 or vice v]sa4 ,sometimes old air-spiral glasses ) small feet are f\nd2 ?is 0 due to a practice ( gr9d+ away ! edge1 :5 ! feet _h become *ipp$ by mu* use1 & re-poli%+ ! feet ( ^! mu*-valu$ glasses2 ! fold$ foot = ^! glasses 0 n ! rule4 ,tall1 sl5d]-b[l$ air-spiral glasses = *ampagne are sometimes f\nd1 9 %ape resembl+ ! glasses call$ fltes2 ,i own "o ( ?is sort n less ?an #i in*es high4 ,r>] /ill are spiral-/emm$ glasses = ale2 ,i own "o #aa in*es high 7see illu/ration1 page #fj74 ,! =m] ,i gave #gs4 #f;d4 =1 ! latt] #ajs41 a ti! ( _! ,we/-,end prices4 ,b ^! are v exceptional glasses4 ,air-spiral /ems are f\nd 9 cordial & _s glasses1 fir+ glasses1 & goblets ) %ort /ems4 #e4 ,,! ,,cotton-,,:ite ,,spiral ,,/em ,illu/ration3 ,,tall ,,*ampagne ,,glasses3 7#a7 ,,tape ,,cotton-,,:ite1 ,,& 7#b7 ,,air-,,spiral ,,/ems ,dur+ ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! air-spiral glasses cont9u$ to be made1 b ! opaque or cotton-:ite spiral /ems came into fa%ion & g5]al use4 ,^! 7 n 8drawn0 /ems2 !y c\ld n be1 because ! :ite glass 0 n inh]5t 9 ! metal4 ,! /em 0 made by l9+ a long cyl9drical m\ld ) wirelike 8canes0 ( cotton-:ite & o!r glass alt]nately4 ,!n melt$ pla9 glass 0 p\r$ into ! cyl9d]4 ,! canes adh]$ to ! w>m metal1 & :5 ! :ole 0 reheat$1 x c\ld be twi/$ into spiral designs4 ,!n ! p>ti-col\r$ rod ?us made 0 cut into /em-l5g?s4 ,by ?is means a great v>iety ( designs 9 ! spirals c\ld be produc$1 & inde$1 ! c\ntless diff]5ces 9 ,engli%-made cotton-:ite spirals1 h>dly any two alike1 are "o ( ! features ( a collection4 ,sometimes ! design spreads l ! air-twi/2 sometimes x circles ar\nd a c5tral1 wavy tube2 sometimes ! cotton-:ite is tapelike1 9 a 8,greek key0 patt]n2 sometimes an out] spiral runs ar\nd ! inn] corkscrew2 b always ! effect is pleas+1 & r /rik+1 ?\gh p]haps n q 9 ! retic5t good ta/e ( ! air-spiral /ems4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/raight-,,sid$1 ,,cotton-,,:ite ,,greek ,,key ,,patt]n ,dome feet or fold$ feet are h>dly ev] f\nd "u cotton-:ite or o!r col\r$ spiral /ems2 any example ( t %\ld at once be acquir$2 b ! pontil-m>k is always f\nd--if ! glass be old4 ,! :ite 9 ,engli%-made glasses is g5]ally a pure1 vivid1 cotton-:ite2 9 ,dut* glasses x is usually a dull greyi% hue4 7,?is is :y ,i use ! t]m 8cotton-:ite0 z descriptive ( ^! ,engli% /ems47 #f4 ,,col\r$ ,,spiral ,,/ems ,! next /ep1 to col\r$ or 8mix$0 spirals1 0 obvi\s1 b n v (t5 tak5 at ,engli% glassworks3 mo/ ( ! r$ & :ite spiral /ems n[ se5 came f ,holl& or ,lige4 ,h[ev]1 at ,bri/ol r$ & :ite1 & blue & :ite1 spiral /ems 7 made2 !y are kn[n by ! ruby r$ & ! peculi> ,bri/ol blue4 ,yell[ & :ite1 purple & :ite1 & gre5 & :ite spirals are kn[n2 r>e inde$ is a ?ree-col\r spiral4 ,col\r$ twi/ /ems 7 only made 9 ,engl& ab\t ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,an almo/ con/ant feature ( tri-col\r$ /ems made 9 ,holl& or at ,lige is a wavy c5tral tube ( :ite1 ) col\r$ spirals ar\nd x1 swell+ or contract+ to suit ! usually bulb\s %ape ( ! /em4 #g4 ,,cut ,,pla9-,,glass ,,/ems ,^! seem to h be5 9 fa%ion dur+ ! p]iod #agge-ahbe4 ,usually ! /ems are hexagonal1 & ! cutt+ _h1 ( c\rse1 to be cont9u$1 9 a %all[ way1 on ! l[] "p ( ! b[l4 8,?i/le0 glasses are ^? 9 :i* ! cutt+ ( ! /em & b[l to "s ext5t sugge/s ! ?i/le 9 %ape & appe>ance4 ,! /ems 7 (t5 knopp$--?is is a feature ( ,wat]=d glass cut /ems--b t[>ds ! end ( ! p]iod m5tion$ above ! /ems became cyl9drical except = ! cutt+1 & ! cutt+ did n s mu* produce facets z long grooves4 ,! dates j giv5 w\ld sugge/ t ! dome foot & ! fold$ foot are n to be look$ = "u cut /ems1 b !y are met )1 ! dome foot hav+ be5 kept 9 use = ornam5t's sake1 probably4 ,nor is ! pontil-m>k pres5t1 if ! cutt] remov$ x2 except t sometimes he left j ! fa9te/ trace ( x1 :i* ! f+] c detect4 ,,viii4 ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,%apes ,,( ,,b[l ,/emm$ dr9k+ vessels1 :e!r = w9e or ale1 = rum or cordials1 cid] or drams1 c be classifi$ accord+ to %ape ( b[l2 ?is is important = descriptive purposes1 & to "s ext5t = dat+4 ,! foll[+ names ( %apes d n apply to tumbl]s1 mugs1 or tank>ds1 ( c\rse4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,,drawn ,illu/ration3 7#b7 ,,bell ,!re are t5 g5]al %apes ( b[l3 #a4 ,drawn1 f\nd ) ! pla9 r\nd /em & ! air-spiral /em4 #b4 ,bell1 f\nd ) ! balu/] /em1 ! neck$ & coll>$ /em1 ! air-spiral /em1 ! cotton-:ite spiral /em1 ) co9 glasses1 & ) rose glasses4 #c4 ,wai/$ bell1 f\nd ) ! corrugat$ /em & ! pla9 /em4 #d4 ,/raight-sid$1 f\nd ) ea* class ( /em4 ,illu/ration3 7#c7 ,,wai/$ ,,bell ,illu/ration3 7#d7 ,,/raight-,,sid$ #e4 ,rectangul>1 a v>iety ( ! /raight-sid$1 f\nd ) ! pla9 r\nd /em & ! air-spiral /em4 ,illu/ration3 7#e7 ,,rectangul> ,illu/ration3 7#f7 ,,egg-,,cup-,,%ap$ #f4 ,egg-cup-%ap$1 or ovoid1 f\nd ) ! cotton-:ite spiral /em1 ! air-spiral /em1 & ! cut /em4 #g4 ,ogee 7nam$ aft] a t]m 9 ar*itecture1 signify+ a curve1 some:at l ! lett] ,s71 f\nd mo/ly ) ! cotton-:ite spiral /em & ! col\r$ spiral /em4 ,^! are believ$ to be ( ,bri/ol make z a rule1 z _m ( !m h ! ,bri/ol *>act]i/ic ( p]p5dicul> or spiral flut+s 9 ! l[] half ( ! b[l1 produc$ by pressure 7a k9d ( m\ld+74 ,! ogee b[l is also f\nd ) ! cut /em1 ! pla9 r\nd /em1 & m\ld$ /ems4 ,illu/ration3 7#g7 ,,ogee 7,,two ,,v>ieties7 ,illu/ration3 7#h7 ,,lipp$ ,,ogee ,illu/ration3 7#i7 ,,d\ble ,,ogee ,illu/ration3 7#aj7 ,,wai/$ #h4 ,lipp$ ogee1 f\nd ) ! col\r$ spiral /em1 ! cotton-:ite /em1 & m\ld$ /ems ma9ly4 #i4 ,d\ble ogee1 f\nd ) ! air-spiral /em1 & ! cotton-:ite /em2 "s ( ! olde/ h knops & ! fold$ foot4 #aj4 ,wai/$1 f\nd ) ! air-spiral /em & ! mix$ spiral /em4 ,,small ,,lump ,,or ,,bead ,,at ,,bottom ,,( ,,b[l ,illu/ration3 8,,rose0 ,,glass1 ,,bell ,,b[l1 ,,air-,,spiral ,,beg9n+ ,,9 ,,! ,,base ,,( ,,! ,,b[l ,9 _m ( ! old] w9e glasses ! f+] c feel1 inside ! b[l1 j above ! top ( ! /em1 a small conical projection1 l t ( half a bead4 ,b ?is is n inv>iable1 or an ess5tial pro( ( g5u95ess4 ,,ix4 ,,o!r ,,/emm$ ,,dr9k+ ,,glasses ,w9e glasses d n by any means exhau/ ! li/ ( collectable glasses on /ems2 !re are _m desirable /emm$ glasses once us$ = ale1 cid]1 p]ry1 or spirits1 to be acquir$4 #a4 ,,ale ,,& ,,be] ,,glasses ,illu/ration3 ,,c&le/ick ,,betwe5 ,,tall ,,be] ,,glasses ,_m glasses1 drawn1 bell1 or wai/$-bell %ape 9 b[l & balu/]1 pla9 r\nd1 air spiral1 cotton-:ite spiral1 or cut 9 /em1 exi/1 :i* appe> to h be5 us$ = ! v /rong ale !n brew$2 (t5 ^! are engrav$ ) repres5tations ( hops & b>ley4 ,l>ge vessels1 p]haps us$ = 8small be]10 exi/1 f #i to #af in*es tall1 & proportionately capaci\s3 ! bigge/ ( ! k9d ,i ev] saw 0 engrav$ ) ,jacobite emblems4 ,! small] examples ( ?is class may h be5 us$ daily2 ! l>g] may h be5 kept = occasional use z lov+-cups1 or 7 nev] us$ at all1 p]haps1 be+ m]ely t\rs de =ce ( ! glass-mak]1 & kept z ornam5ts to a sidebo>d4 ,! v l>ge ones are drawn glasses1 ) pla9 r\nd /ems1 z a rule2 ! n9e-or t5-in* tall glasses ( ?is k9d are balu/] or pla9 r\nd 9 /em4 ,i b\ght "o ( ^! 7see page #dh7 = #b #es4 n long ago2 its ,we/-,end price n[ might be #aj1 = x is 8,wat]=d40 #b4 ,,cid] ,,glasses ,no d\bt "s ( ! glasses m5tion$ j above 7 us$ at times = /rong cid]2 p]haps l>ge goblets 7 us$ = draught p]ry or cid] at times4 ,b special cid] glasses exi/1 engrav$ ) repres5tations ( apples & apple-tree leaves1 or apple-trees1 & ^!1 f #f to #g in*es tall1 h ogee or rectangul> b[ls z a rule1 & usually cotton-:ite spiral /ems4 #c4 ,,*ampagne ,,or ,,mum ,,glasses ,!re are two types ( old *ampagne or mum glasses1 ea* r>e3 "o type has a wide-lipp$ bell or d\ble-ogee b[l1 ^u a balu/] /em1 & mu* resembles "s ( ! bigg] sweetmeat glasses2 ! o!r type is #g to #i in*es high1 ogee b[l1 & cotton-:ite /em4 #d4 ,,rumm]s ,,& ,,mugs ,!re 7 ?ree %apes ( rumm]s us$1 "o goblet %ape1 "o on a tall /em1 & "o on a /em :i* is also a base3 sometimes ! base ( an old rumm] is squ>e4 ,! fir/ ( ^! ?ree %apes has a balu/] /em1 ! second a pla9 r\nd1 spiral1 or cut /em4 ,f9e mugs1 ) h&les1 imitat+ contempor>y old silv]w>e1 are f\nd2 ! mugs %[ some?+ ( a /em 7see illu/ration1 page #g74 ,(t5 !y are engrav$ ) ! initials ( _! fir/ own]1 & sometimes are dat$ also4 ,f9e d\ble-h&l$ mugs1 l lov+-cups1 exi/4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,,joey1 7#b7 ,,?i/le ,,fuddl+1 7#c7 ,,bri/ol ,,coa*+1 ,,& 7#d7 ,,joey ,,glasses #e4 ,,_s ,,glasses ,,& ,,cordial ,,glasses ,^! are small 9 b[l & %ort 9 /em1 ! b[l is (t5 /raight-sid$1 & ! /em is usually drawn1 & (t5 cut4 ,b !re are _m ) drawn b[ls & pla9 /ems4 ,a 8?i/le0 glass ( ?is k9d is specially valu$4 ,(t5 ! b[l is engrav$4 ,cordial glasses may h long /ems4 #f4 ,,coa*+ ,,glasses ,,& ,,fuddl+ ,,glasses ,^! are glasses :i* h no feet3 !y 7 us$ at "o draught ( ! liquor 9 !m4 ,i b\ght a ,bri/ol opal glass ( ! k9d = #f;d41 b ^! are excessively r>e4 ,almo/ z r>e are ! pla9 glasses1 ) cut /ems1 us$ 9 coa*+ days4 ,:5 ! /age coa* paus$ at an inn1 a wait] came out ) a tray ( footless glasses1 ea* re/+ on its b[l2 ! travell] took "o up1 inv]t$ x into ! prop] position1 held x out to ! bottle or decant] 9 ! wait]'s h&1 drank1 & set ! glass d[n ^u its b[l aga94 ,a fuddl+ glass 0 a v>iety ( coa*+ glass us$ indoors1 = a rapid dram2 a 8?i/le0 glass ( ?is k9d 0 fav\r$ 9 ,scotl&4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,,dram1 7#b7 ,,toa/ma/]1 7#c7 ,,oakleaf1 ,,& 7#d7 ,,hog>? ,,glasses #g4 ,,toa/ma/] ,,glasses ,^! are less capaci\s dram glasses ?an !y seem2 ! l[] "p ( ! b[l 0 deceptively made v ?ick1 s t ! toa/ma/] at a banquet ne$ n dr9k s mu* z w\ld o!rwise h be5 necess>y1 :5 ann\nc+ & %>+ 9 e "o ( ! score or two ( ! toa/s & 8s5tim5ts0 :i* 7 hon\r$ at e convivial bo>d4 ,a relic ( ! 8s5tim5t0 habit 0 pres]v$ by ,dick5s 9 ! language ( ,mr4 ,dick ,swivell]3 8,may ! w+ ( fri5d%ip nev] m\lt a fea!r0 0 a 8s5tim5t0 9 its day4 #h4 8,,hog>?0 ,,glasses ,c]ta9 %ort1 %ort-/emm$1 or almo/ /emless glasses1 ) 8,norwi*0 feet (t51 & ) drawn or wai/$-bell b[ls wide at ! m\?1 are kn[n z 8,hog>?0 glasses1 because !y 7 (t5 %[n 9 ,hog>?'s pictures ( contempor>y social life4 #i4 ,,tav]n ,,& ,,kit*5 ,,glasses ,old glasses are (t5 f\nd :i* 9 %ape & purpose correspond ) ^? describ$ 9 ?is *apt] & *apt]s vi1 vii1 & viii1 b 7 obvi\sly inf]ior 9 f9i% ( make :5 new4 ,^! may be tak5 to be glasses made *eaply = tav]n & kit*5 use2 ?\gh n s attractive z ! bett] qualities1 !y %\ld n be neglect$ by ! collector4 #aj4 ,,y>d ,,( ,,ale ,,glasses ,evelyn tells 9 8 di>y t 9 #afhc ! heal? ( ,james ,,ii 0 drunk at ,bromley 89 a fl9t glass ( a y>d long40 ,imitations ( ^! are made1 b ! real old ones are excessively r>e4 ,9 %ape !y r resemble a coa*+-horn1 ! m\?piece be+ ! foot1 or ! m\?piece be+ replac$ by a bulb4 ,!y 7 us$ at m]ry-mak+s1 z pro( ( bibul\s skill 9 empty+ a glass a y>d long4 ,!re are also half-y>d glasses4 #aa4 8,,?imbleful0 ,,glasses ,^! h a v small /raight-sid$ or ogee b[l1 ^u a pla9 r\nd1 or spiral /em & big foot4 ,!y are v r>e4 ,x4 ,,jacobite1 ,,williamite1 ,,& ,,hanov]ian ,,glasses ,^! are ! ari/ocracy among ! w9e glasses1 goblets1 & _s glasses4 ,!y are r>e1 difficult to f9d1 & co/ly to buy1 b n impossible to come ^u by lucky haz>d4 ,,! ,,rose ,,glasses ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobite ,,glass ,,%[+ ,,! ,,/u>t ,,rose3 ,,also ,,! 8,,c5tral ,,tube0 ,,9 ,,! ,,/em ,! de>e/ aim ( e collector ( old w9e glasses is to come ^u a ,jacobite glass4 ,! m sangu9e & less /rict k9d ( collector decl>es himself ! own] ( a ,jacobite example if he possesses a glass engrav$ ) a six-petall$ h]aldic ,/u>t rose 7"o petal = ea* ,k+ or ,que5 ( ,/u>t blood :o actually reign$ 9 ,engl&1 he says71 a l>ge bud 7repres5t+ ! ,old ,pret5d]1 he expla9s71 a small] bud 7= ! ,"y ,pret5d]71 & a bird or 7see illu/ration1 page #bj7 butt]fly 7cross+ ! n>r[ seas1 he expla9s1 to br+ ! ,/u>ts back74 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobite ,,glass1 ,,%[+ ,,portrait ,,( ,,! ,,"y ,,pret5d] ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobite ,,glass1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,?i/le ,a /rict]1 less easily satisfi$ collector po9ts out t ^? 7 8! ord9>y rose glasses10 us$ at all fa%ionable d9n]-tables 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 7see illu/ration1 page #ei74 ,! reply to t is t ! six-petall$ rose & "o ( ! buds1 at lea/1 are h]aldic1 n naturally repres5t$2 t ! h]aldic1 six-petall$ :ite rose 0 ! ,/u>t rose2 & t1 at any rate1 ! 8ord9>y rose glasses0 7 sometimes us$ by ,jacobites1 p>ticul>ly 9 g5]al assemblies1 because ( _! cov]t mean+1 :5 x w\ld h be5 unsafe to use ! treasonable ,jacobite glasses prop]4 ,a slight addition to ! rose glass makes x truly ,jacobite2 ?us ,i own a f9e goblet :i* is made ,jacobite by a monk's-hood fl[] be+ add$--a ref]5ce to ,g5]al ,monk4 ,an 8ord9>y rose glass0--n s ord9>y aft] all1 & difficult to procure n[1 z well z de> to buy--:i* has a ,/u>t emblem engrav$ "u ! foot ( x is all[$ to pass mu/] by ! /rict] collector1 b :at he aims at or boa/s ( if he possesses "o is a 8,jacobite glass prop]40 ,,! 8,,jacobite0 ,n[ a 8,jacobite glass prop]0 is engrav$ ) a portrait ( ! ,old ,pret5d]1 or ( 8 son 8,bonnie ,pr9ce ,*>lie02 or ) ! rose1 two buds1 a butt]fly or a bird1 & also a ,jacobite motto or emblem1 or bo?2 or ) ! cyph] ( ! ,old ,pret5d] & ! words ( a loyali/ song4 ,^u a fir+ glass 7! r>e/ ( ! ,jacobite v>iety7 may be se5 ! t\*+ emblem ( a ?und]-smitt5 tree putt+ =? new bran*es1 & ! motto ,revirescit 7,x becomes gre5 aga974 ,^u a w9e glass may be se5 ! ^w 8,fiat0 ) a /> 7p]haps /&+ = fiat lux1 8,let !re be light10 or p]haps = 8,let x be done0--! second ,re/oration ( ! ,/u>ts74 ,or ! motto may be ,r$eat 7let him return71 or1 v r>e1 ,r$i2 or ,radiat 7p]haps a misspell+ ( ,r$eat1 or possibly meant = 8let him %9e074 ,if an oak-leaf 7z well z ! o!r features7 appe> on ! glass1 x 0 probably us$ 9 ,engl&2 if a ?i/le1 probably 9 ,scotl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobite 8,,fir+0 ,,glass1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,oakleaf ,,& ,,! ,,^w 8,,fiat0 ,!re /ill are a few ,jacobite glasses ly+ unrecognis$ no d\bt2 two 7 f\nd 9 a ,london brok]'s %op a few ye>s ago1 & b\ght = #es42 9 #aiad a ,bri/ol s*oolma/] le>n$ accid5tally t two glasses :i* _h /ood on a %elf on a sidebo>d 9 ! family = =ty ye>s 7 ,fiat glasses1 & a valu] go+ to a h\se 9 ,sussex = o!r purposes1 discov]$ a ,pr9ce ,*>lie portrait glass 7wor? a hundr$ gu9eas n[7 /ill pass+ incognito--!re _h be5 8! pair ( x10 b t _h be5 8sma%$ to bits10 ! s]vants said4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobite 8,,fir+0 ,,glass1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,/> ,,& ,,! ,,rosebud ,! r>e/ =m ( ,jacobite glasses is ! %ort toa/+ or fir+ glass1 = /rong wat]s1 ( 8,hog>?0 %ape4 ,i possess "o ( ^!2 x has a 8,norwi*0 foot2 ! ?ickness ( ! base ( ! b[l1 & ! 8te>0 9 t & ! %ort bulb\s /em1 seem to date x at ab\t #agbe1 s t x w be an 8,old ,pret5d]0 glass4 ,x is v beautifully engrav$ ) ! six-petall$ rose1 ! two buds1 ! ^w 8,fiat10 ! ris+ /> & ! 7,boscobel7 oak-leaf4 ,x _h be5 kept 9 an arm\ry1 belong+ to a collector :o did n collect old glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobite ,,fir+-,,glass3 ,,note ,,! ,,t]rac$ ,,or 8,,norwi*0 ,,foot ,,& ,,! 8,,te>0 ,,9 ,,! ,,balu/] ,,/em3 ,,also ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,rose1 ,,bright ,,amid/ ,,! ,,gr\nd-,,glass ,,petals ,no wond] p hunt = ,jacobite glasses4 ,!y 7 ! romantic1 loyal1 treasonable vessels :i* 7 empti$ to ! toa/ ( 88 ,maje/y ov] ! wat]10 9 cl&e/9e & dang]\s ga!r+s ( fair wom5 & conspir+ m54 ,!n ! great pun*-b[l 0 fill$ ) wat]1 to repres5t ! n>r[ seas1 & ! r$ w9e sp>kl$ 9 ! glasses held out above x2 z (t5 at loyal ,georgian assemblies a ,jacobite w\ld be se5 to hold 8 w9e glass above a tumbl] ( wat]1 if call$ on to dr9k to 8! ,k+03 ,!n all leapt up & jo9$ _! h&s ,) he>ty clasp & greet+1 ,! brimm+ cups1 out/ret*$ by all1 ,ov] ! wide b[l meet+3 8,a heal?60 !y cri$1 8to wit*+ eyes ,( swee!>t1 wife1 or daught]1 ,b nev] =get ! :ite1 :ite rose1 ,t blooms = u ov] ! wat]60 ,flip ^! old glasses ) ! f+]-nail1 & !y r+ l a tun+-=k2 draw ?umb & f+] upw>ds to ! edge ( ! b[l1 & y he> a cle> fa9t resonance1 sad z ! wail+s aft] ,cullod51 :5 f9al defeat _h come4 ,,! 8,,williamite0 ,i b\ght two f9e1 p]fect1 balu/]-/emm$ ,williamite glasses = a gu9ea once2 !y %[ ,william ( ,orange on horseback1 & are inscrib$ ) 8,! ,glori\s ,memory ( ,k+ ,william1 ,no ,surr5d]1 ,boyne1 #a/4 ,iuly #afij02 & ! initials 8,t4,c0 & 8,s4,c02 on "s su* glasses two ( ! initials are 8,s4,t40 7see illu/ration1 page #dg74 ,! glass is a yell[i%-:ite :]e x is ?ick1 & if n made at ,belfa/1 may h be5 made 9 ,cork2 b ! engrav+ w\ld be done 9 ,ul/]4 ,"s su* glasses are r rec5t2 no d\bt ! mak+ ( ,williamite glasses cont9u$ long] ?an ! mak+ ( ,jacobite glasses did1 because ( ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ,orange ,lodges4 ,"s ( ^! glasses are inscrib$ 8,! ,immortal ,memory0 only1 or 8,to ! glori\s memory ( ,k+ ,william0 only4 ,williamite fir+ glasses1 ( 8,hog>?0 %ape1 are also f\nd4 ,,! 8,,hanov]ian0 ,:5 ! ,h\se ( ,hanov] came to ! ?rone ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 loyal dr9k+ glasses 7 made accord+ly4 8,god save ,k+ ,george0 & 8,lib]ty0 are ! usual inscriptions on !m2 sometimes ! h]aldic :ite horse ( ,hanov] 0 engrav$ on ! b[l1 or ! ?ree crosses ( ! ,union ,jack inside a g>t] & ! rays ( ! sun4 ,hanov]ian glasses are r>] ?an ,jacobite or ,williamite1 b ,jacobite glasses are ! mo/ valu$ & co/ly4 ,,xi4 ,,tumbl]s1 ,,tank>ds1 8,,joeys10 ,,& 8,,boot0 ,,glasses ,i class ^! toge!r because !y are /emless4 ,pewt] & silv] tank>ds 7 imitat$ 9 glass1 & ^! diff] f mugs 9 be+ /raight-sid$ & q /emless2 (t5 !y 7 engrav$ ) initials & dates4 ,old tumbl]s are n f\nd s num]\sly z old w9e glasses are2 !y are usually l>ge1 are (t5 cut1 & are sometimes engrav$4 ,"s tumbl]s are b>rel-%ap$1 l "s rumm]s1 b mo/ tumbl]s are 8/raight-sid$0 or 8rectangul>40 ,"s tumbl]s are engrav$ ) portraits 7z ( ,admiral ,keppel7 or ) inscriptions 7z ( 8,well+ton = ev]074 ,i own two :i* celebrate ! 8,indep5d5ce ( ,durham & ,ri*d4 ,:>ton its def5d]10 probably made at ,sund]l& 9 #ahjb1 to commemorate a ,p>liam5t>y ,election 9 :i* ! fre$om ( ! citiz5s ( ,durham f rule by ! bi%op's bailiff 0 involv$4 ,masonic tumbl]s are r>e2 s are ,bri/ol opal-glass tumbl]s1 yet ,i own "o :i* co/ me #as4 8,joeys0 are dram glasses1 %ap$ l tumbl]s1 or l fuddl+ glasses ) no foot or /em 7see illu/ration1 page #fb74 ,mr4 ,joseph ,hume1 ,m4,p41 _h caus$ f\rp5ny bits to be co9$2 f\rp5ny bits 7 accord+ly call$ 8joeys02 ev5 to-day p call = a 8joey0 ( br&y4 ,:5 a tax 0 put on g91 less ( ! liquor c\ld !n be sold = f\rp5ce2 s t ! glass 0 made ?ick]1 & ! cont5ts accord+ly less4 ,= a simil> reason to-day !re are 9 public-h\ses glasses call$ 8,lloyd ,georges10 ,i am told4 ,! two 8joeys0 ,i own are ( grass-gre5 hue2 "o is inscrib$ ) 8#d;d40 ,illu/ration3 ,,small ,,boot ,,glasses 8,boot0 glasses are small bl[n vessels 9 ! %ape ( rid+-boots1 probably us$ = spirits 9 ! p>t+ dram1 o!rwise call$ ! /irrup-cup4 ,!re seems little f\ndation = ! sugge/ion t ^! 7 emblems ( ,"l ,bute1 9 ! days ( ,george ,,iii2 = z ,mr4 ,h>t%orne1 ! f\nd] ( glass-collect+1 discov]$1 a jack-boot glass is pres]v$ 9 ! museum ( ,lige & ano!r 9 a ,dut* museum1 & ^! are old] & m elaborate ?an ! ,engli% 8boot0 glasses4 ,i own two ( ^? :i* ,mr4 ,h>t%orne collect$1 & on :i* he bas$ ! 8,bute0 sugge/ion1 b small 8boot0 glasses are exce$+ly r>e4 ,a big "o1 cut1 & #ab in*es high1 0 once (f]$ me2 ,i ?9k x came f ,lige4 ,l>ge boot glasses /rip$ ) :ite are se5 sometimes2 8boot0 glasses c h>dly h be5 peculi> to ,great ,brita94 ,p]haps !y 7 us$ by hunt+ m5 z an emblem ( _! sport4 ,,xii4 ,,bottles1 ,,decant]s1 ,,& ,,jugs ,,bottles ,! ,trapnell collection conta9$ an e>ly sev5te5?-c5tury bottle1 ) a seal ( a k+'s head2 ano!r dat$ ,h5ry ,gal%ell1 #agjj2 ano!r inscrib$ ,t4 ,bellamy1 #aggc4 ,i own "o be>+ 8,c4 ,yoxall1 #aggh0 9 rais$ lett]s on a rais$ loz5ge4 ,^! are all ( d>k1 ?ick glass1 & are %ort-neck$ & tun-belli$4 ,a little lat]1 9 #aghf1 = in/ance1 ! %ape became l t ( a be] bottle to-day1 b l>g]4 ,! rectangul>1 %\ld]$ _s bottles1 ) sep>ately made %ort necks1 & engrav$ or gild$1 are usually ,dut*1 & 7 p]haps enclos$ 9 cases1 some?+ l 8tantalus0 bottles4 ,!re are tall1 emboss$ _s bottles1 (t5 ( col\r$ glass1 ) cut-glass /opp]s4 ,!re are cut-glass ,engli% bottles1 decant]-%ap$ b /opp]less1 a cork be+ us$4 ,hol/] bottles 7 a k9d ( flask c>ri$ 9 ! saddle hol/]4 ,bottles = oil & v9eg> & spices resembl$ cruet bottles z a rule4 ,sc5t bottles1 l>ge1 9 pla9 glass1 are f\nd2 small sc5t bottles1 cut or col\r$1 or m\nt$ ) silv] or p9*beck /opp]s1 exi/ 9 great numb]s2 ,i own a ,bri/ol sc5t bottle :i* is cut l a %ell cameo1 ?r\gh two lay]s ( col\r$ glass1 "o p9k1 "o opal1 d[n to ! basal lay] ( pla9 glass2 x co/ me #fs4 #f;d4 ,,decant]s ,dur+ mo/ ( ! eighte5? c5tury w9e came to table 9 bottles2 8decant+0 began to be ! fa%ion ab\t #aghj1 p]haps4 ,! decant]s ( t date h slop+ %\ld]s z a rule2 "s 9 %ape resemble a drawn glass ) %ort /em rev]s$2 a little lat] decant]s became m globul> & high-%\ld]$1 ) %ort] necks4 ,engrav$ fe/oons on a decant]1 z inde$ ^u a w9e glass1 usually indicate ! 8,empire0 p]iod by _! decoration--! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 if n ! beg9n+ ( ! next4 ,x mu/ be said1 h[ev]1 t "s 8,jacobite0 decant]s exi/ ) long necks & globul> bodies2 s difficult is x to f9d a rule )\t an exception 9 old glass4 ,^! ,jacobite decant]s h po9t$ /opp]s1 too2 :]eas oval r\nd$ /opp]s seem g5]ally to h be5 ! e>ly =m4 ,,jugs ,ale jugs1 w9e jugs1 & wat] jugs 9 pla91 col\r$1 or cut glass are pl5tiful4 ,! mo/ desirable are ,wat]=d made1 kn[n by ! t9t1 ! weight1 & ! cutt+4 ,cork-made jugs1 resembl+ ,wat]=d-made 9 cutt+1 b yell[i% 9 t9t1 are f\nd4 ,bri/ol col\r$ jugs1 ,wrockw>d9e /rip$ & ,nailsea spla%$ glass jugs exi/2 ^!1 l _m o!r old pla9 glass jugs1 are bl[n & n cut4 ,jugs ) v l>ge necks & lips1 ei!r bl[n or cut1 are fairly e>ly examples4 ,sometimes a pla9 glass jug w h a rais$ fe/oon ( pla9 or col\r$ glass ab\t its neck4 ,milk & cream jugs 9 ,bri/ol blue1 opal1 or ruby glass are well kn[n2 cut milk-jugs exi/ 9 fair numb]4 ,,xiii4 ,,b[ls1 ,,lift]s1 ,,sug>-,,cru%]s1 ,,spoons1 ,,etc4 ,l>ge cut-glass b[ls1 & pla9 b[ls1 exi/1 p]haps too small = pun* 7except ! ,bri/ol pa9t$ opal-glass ones71 b big en\gh = fruit or salads4 ,(t5 ^! /& on feet & /ems4 ,f+] b[ls ( pla9 bl[n & ( cut glass are f\nd4 ,col\r$ glass b[ls1 ( ,bri/ol blue1 gre51 violet1 or r$1 are desirable acquisitions4 ,! e>lie/ =m ( f+] b[l 0 n a f+] glass s mu* z a w9e cool] or glass r9s]2 ^! h two project+ lips or e>s opposite ea* o!r1 to support ! glass z x lay 9 ! wat] r9s+ or cool+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coll>less1 ,,cut1 ,,& ,,coll>$ 8,,lift]s03 ,,! ,,middle ,,coll> ,,repres5ts ,a 8,,fillet0 ,! toddy lift]1 pun* lift]1 or grog lift] is an int]e/+ glass article2 ,i own sev51 ?\gh examples are q r>e4 ,!re are sev]al %apes4 ,:5 ! l[] "p is a high-%\ld]$ decant] %ape x is said to be a pun* lift]1 & ,engli%2 :5 ! l[] "p is r\nd & %\ld]less1 l a club1 x is ,scotti% & a toddy lift]4 ,9 mo/ cases !re is a fillet or coll> ( glass r\nd ! neck1 & ^! are call$ r+-neck$2 ! abs5ce ( ! r+ is r>e4 ,! b[l is ( ! size requir$ = an ord9>y glassful1 = ! lift]s 7 us$ to transf] pun*1 toddy1 or grog f ! pun*-b[l to ! glass4 ,! e>li] way ( do+ ?is 0 by a silv] or wood5 ladle1 b ab\t ! ye> #ahjj ! glass lift] 7:i* is really a pipette or siphon7 came into use4 ,:5 ! base ( ! lift] sank into ! pun*1 ! pun* rose into ! b[l ( x by a hole 9 ! bottom ( x2 ! ?umb !n clos$ ! hole at ! top ( ! neck1 ?us creat+ a vacuum4 ,!n ! lift] c\ld be c>ri$ ov] ! table to ! glass1 & :5 ! ?umb 0 tak5 away ! pun* ran d[n into ! glass4 ,glass sug> cru%]s1 pla91 cut1 or ridg$ ) spirals1 are f\nd1 ) a pe/le-l end to !m4 ,glass spoons are r>e4 ,glass knives are f\nd1 b mo/ ( !m are d\btful4 ,pe/les ( ,nailsea glass are se51 p]haps once us$ by ladies 9 _! /ill-rooms2 maybe glass mort>s to mat* !m may turn up4 ,knife re/s = ! table are f\nd1 "s pla9 m\ld$1 "s cut1 "s ev5 ) spirals inside !m4 ,,xiv4 ,,c&le/icks1 ,,lu/res1 ,,& ,,lamps ,lu/res & gir&oles are (t5 collect$2 glass /&>d lamps seldom1 at pres5t2 glass c&le/icks are mu* hunt$ =4 #a4 ,,c&le/icks ,! mo/ beautiful ( glass c&le/icks are ^? made & cut at ,wat]=d1 :i* /& ab\t #ab in*es high2 #aj is a l[ price = a pair4 ,bri/ol cut-glass c&le/icks are ne>ly z f9e2 ,bri/ol opal-glass c&le/icks1 pla9 or pa9t$ 9 ! ,batt]sea enamel /yle1 are exce$+ly r>e4 ,c&le/icks ) air-spiral & cotton-:ite /ems are occasionally met )4 ,ord9>y m\ld$-glass c&le/icks1 ( ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury1 are pretty num]\s3 f9e m\ld$ c&le/icks are ( e>li] date4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f9e ,,m\ld$ ,,c&le/icks2 ,,see ,,also ,,illu/ration1 ,,page #fj ,glass c&le/icks ( ,georgian date foll[ mu* ! same ord] z ! contempor>y w9e glasses1 9 ! feet1 pontil-m>ks1 & /ems4 ,! e>lie/ h balu/] /ems ab\t #i in*es high1 & r\nd feet betwe5 #f & #g in*es 9 diamet]2 ! feet are dom$ or high in/ep1 & ! pontil-m>k is a lump4 ,! dome foot occurs ) ! air-spiral /ems1 lat]1 & ev5 ) ! cut /ems1 lat] /ill2 9 ^! la/1 z 9 ! m\ld$ & 9 ! cut & engrav$ examples1 ! pontil-m>k does n %[4 ,f9e c&le/icks ornam5t$ by purfl+ 7 made 7see illu/ration1 page #fj74 ,glass tap] /&s are f\nd4 #b4 ,,lu/res ,! deg5]ate =m ( lu/re t 0 f\nd on e p>l\r mantelpiece ab\t ! ye> #ahfj is ! be/-kn[n =m1 & _m ( ^! col\r$ glass objects1 bell+ out at ! top & bottom1 ) hang+ prisms fanta/ically cut1 are /ill extant2 b z yet !y are little collect$4 ,! "n 8lu/res10 h[ev]1 may be us$ to include ! /&+ gir&oles & ! hang+ *&eli]s adorn$ ) fe/oons ( diamond-l cut prisms1 & ^! are mu* s\ght aft]2 _m collectors acquire loose prisms1 long or diamond-%ap$1 :5ev] !y c1 & h !m re-/rung1 to be add$ to new glass *&eli]s4 ,! e>lie/ =m ( ! gir&ole1 or /&+ lu/re1 _h a glass /&>d & glass arms2 ! top ( ! /&>d 0 a c&le/ick nozzle2 ! glass /&>d & arms & ! dep5d5t prisms reflect$ ! c&lelight brilliantly4 ,two ( ^! 7 9 use at ,m\nt ,v]non :5 ,george ,wa%+ton 0 ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 9 ! ,bo/on ,news ,lett] = #agai1 8,f9e ,glass ,lamps & ,lan?orns0 7 adv]tis$4 ,lat]1 ,fr5* influ5ce br\ght 9 ! ormolu & brass /&>ds1 "s two feet high ) ormolu arms & glass hang]s4 ,a complete set ( gir&oles1 = a mantelpiece or console-/&1 consi/$ ( ?ree1 ) ormolu bases 7sometimes repres5t+ a human figure71 /&>ds1 & arms2 ! c5tral "o triply or qu9tuply a c&le/ick1 ! side ones s+ly s4 ,9 ! f9e tall lu/res made 9 pairs at ,cork ab\t #ahbj all 0 glass1 except ! metal clips ins]t$ 9 ! nozzles to hold ! c&les bett]4 ,until lu/res lo/ _! mean+ & became m]e mantel ornam5ts ! c&le/ick "p ( !m 0 a usual feature4 #c4 ,,lamps ,glass /&>d lamps1 "s ) r\nd bases1 "s ) squ>e bases1 ! /ems cut or balu/]$1 may be f\nd2 9 "s cases ! /&>d is %ort & supports a bl[n-glass lamp%ade2 9 o!r cases a bl[n-glass bulb is "p ( ! tall /&>d4 ,a r>e & int]e/+ =m ( lamp1 "o ( ! olde/1 has a bulb ) an op5+ 9 ! top1 ! edges ( ! op5+ r\nd$ (f1 & a corrugat$ /&2 ^! are small1 & 7 us$ = nightlights4 ,i own ?ree1 "o ( !m ) a h&le1 & a di% b5ea? x1 evid5tly us$ = c>ry+ ! light f room to room 7see illu/ration1 page #bg72 su* z ^! w\ld1 p]haps1 be ! old 8mort>s10 or night-light hold]s1 = a cake ( wax & a wick4 ,,xv4 ,,comports1 ,,sweetmeat1 ,,jelly ,,& ,,cu/>d ,,glasses ,,comports ,illu/ration3 ,,comport1 ,,) ,,capta9 ,,glass ,,& ,,sweetmeat ,,glass2 ,,all ,,?ree ,,%[+ ,,! 8,,inv]t$ ,,obelisk0 ,,/em ,a comport is a l>ge glass /& ^u :i* 7z ! "n signifies7 o!r ?+s may be c>ri$ toge!r4 ,a comport consi/s ( a l>ge or l>gi% glass disc1 flat1 ) a rim to x1 upheld ^u a ?ick /em--mo/ (t5 a %\ld]$ /em1 9 %ape resembl+ an inv]t$ obelisk1 ris+ f a dom$ & fold$ foot4 ,an old comport is a r>e possession2 a mod]n glass cake-/&1 su* z confection]s use1 is a ne> approa* to x 9 %ape4 ,! use ( a comport appe>s to h be5 to /& on a d9+-table1 be>+ a numb] ( glasses fill$ ) jelly or sweetmeats4 ,,sweetmeat ,,glasses ,old sweetmeat glasses 7 us$ at table mu* z bon-bon di%es are n[1 to pass r\nd at ! dess]t c\rse2 or to h& to ladies at o!r ?an mealtimes1 dur+ a call4 ,sweetmeat glasses prop] resemble w9e glasses1 b h wide b[ls1 ?ick-lipp$1 unsuitable = dr9k+ f3 ! %ape ( ! /em resembl$ t ( ! /em ( ! comport4 ,(t5 ^! glasses 7 engrav$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sweetmeat ,,glasses3 7#a7 ,,m\ld$2 7#b7 ,,engrav$ 7#c7 ,,wat]=d ,,cut 8,,capta90 ,,or 8,,ma/]0 ,,glasses ,9 ! c5tre ( ! comport1 surr\nd$ by sweetmeat glasses1 a bigg]1 tall] 8capta90 or 8ma/]0 glass /ood2 its %ape resembl$ t ( ! small] glasses1 & x probably held a /ore f :i* ^! c\ld be repl5i%$4 8,capta90 glasses are mu* s\ght =2 ! mo/ valuable are ,wat]=d cut1 ! ,we/-,end price = "o be+ n[ #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jelly ,,glasses4 ,,note ,,! ,,m\ld$ ,,ornam5t ,! b[ls are usually v>ieties ( ! d\ble ogee2 ! m\ld$ /em is usually high-%\ld]$1 inv]t$ obelisk 9 %ape1 b air-spiral & cotton-:ite spiral /ems are f\nd 7see illu/ration1 page #a74 ,a cut /em is usually knopp$1 b may be pla9 r\nd1 except = ! cutt+4 ,,jelly ,,glasses ,jelly glasses are small1 l[1 m\ld$ or press$1 almo/ /emless1 on dom$ or high in/ep feet2 sometimes ! b[ls are pla9 bl[n or m\ld$1 sometimes cut1 sometimes hexagonal4 ,,cu/>d ,,glasses ,! mo/ desirable cu/>d glasses h h&les4 ,"s ( !m h squ>e bases4 ,"s ( !m resemble smalli% w9e glasses ) corrugat$ /ems4 ,mo/ ( !m are decorat$ by press$ or incis$ l9es4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,,h&l$1 ,,& 7#b7 ,,squ>$-,,bas$ ,,cu/>d ,,glasses ,,xvi4 ,,salt ,,cell>s1 ,,pepp] ,,boxes1 ,,sug> ,,bas9s1 ,,etc4 ,! 8,sund]l&0 salt cell>s h already be5 m5tion$ 7see page #ci72 m\ld$ or cut-glass salt cell>s are mu* less r>e4 ,! olde/ ( ^! seem to be ^? ) oval b[ls1 9 ! ,que5 ,anne silv] /yle1 ) diamond-%ape bases on %ort /ems1 ev]y:]e cut4 ,"s salt cell>s h turn$-ov] tops1 mu* broad] ?an ! re/ ( ! vessel2 !re are ,bri/ol /rip$ salt cell>s ( ?is %ape4 ,9 "s cut salt cell>s ! l9es run horizontally4 ,victorian salt cell>s 7 v heavy & r pla94 ,pepp] boxes ( glass are r\nd1 or octagonal1 pla9 or cut1 ) or )\t a foot2 holes are pi]c$ 9 ! top1 !re is a glass /opp] at ! bottom2 sometimes ! base is squ>e & ! pi]c$ top is ( silv]4 ,9 "s cases ! vessel 0 us$ = ca/or-sug>4 ,sug>-bas9s exi/ 9 numb]s1 & 9 pla91 cut1 opal1 & col\r$ glass1 notably 9 ! ,bri/ol blue4 ,!re are cov]$ sug> bas9s2 :5 ^! are l>ge & cut !y are kn[n z sug> b[ls4 ,a special type is ! caddy sug>-bas9 7see page #bg72 ?is 0 usually ( /raight-sid$ =m1 bl[n1 m\ld$1 or cut1 or bo? m\ld$ & cut2 x /ood 9 ! c5tral receptacle ( a tea-caddy1 )9 ! r\nd hole betwe5 ! two rectangul> boxes :i* held gre5 tea & black tea respectively4 ,^! bas9s are mu* m seldom met ) ?an ! caddies are4 ,(t5 !y are v heavy1 & ne>ly always !y are v ornam5tal4 ,bri/ol opal-glass sug> & slop bas9s are met )2 9 ?is glass complete tea-sets 7 made1 includ+ tea poys or glass tea-caddies4 ,9 ! ,willett collection 0 8a ,bri/ol glass teapot & cov]1 ) fl[]s 9 col\rs40 ,a glass teapot is r>ely f\nd4 ,,xvii4 ,,mirrors1 ,,glass ,,pictures1 ,,glass ,,knobs ,mirrors m prop]ly come )9 ! category ( furniture1 b !y l>gely consi/ ( glass1 ( c\rse1 s t "s notice ( !m is ne$$ "h4 ,9 #afhh ! art ( ca/+ l>ge plates ( glass began to be c>ri$ on 9 ,france4 ,9 #affc ! art _h be5 pat5t$ 9 ,engl&1 b = small] sizes4 ,"o ,fr5* mirror1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre at ,p>is1 0 valu$ at #fjjj 9 #agia4 ,glass us$ to be a co/ly product2 ! *ief reason :y old pr9ts are usually f\nd trimm$ ( _! m>g9s 0 t glass to frame ) !m 0 s de>4 ,old mirrors ) bevell$ edges h ! bevel flatti%1 ne>ly 9 ! plane ( ! glass2 ! bevel foll[s ! %ape ( ! frame1 b is irregul> at its inn] outl9es1 because ! gr9d+ ( ! bevel 0 done by h&4 ,mod]n bevels1 done by ma*9]y1 are almo/ ma!matically exact1 & make an acut] angle ) ! frame ?an ! old bevels d4 ,also ! silv]+ at ! back ( old mirrors diff]s f ! me?od ( silv]+ n[ us$2 ! diff]5ce is mu* m easy to recognize by ! eye ?an to describe1 b !re is a k9d ( granulation 9 ! old] back+4 ,glass pictures are ( two k9ds2 "o 9 :i* ! pa9t+1 9 oil-col\rs1 0 done ^u ! glass itself1 usually at ! back ( x2 & ano!r 9 :i* ! pa9t 0 laid on co>sely beh9d a pr9t :i*1 rubb$ v ?9 at ! back ( ! pap]1 _h be5 affix$ to ! back ( ! glass4 ,?is second k9d is ! m num]\sly met )2 also x is ! mo/ c\nt]feit$4 ,age may be kn[n1 h[ev]1 by ! curv+1 bubbly surface ( ! glass4 ,a ?ird k9d1 consi/+ ( a mosaic ( bits ( glass1 s laid toge!r 9 cem5t z to =m a picture is r>e1 ev5 9 mod]n examples4 ,glass knobs to h&some sidebo>ds 7 us$ 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & h cont9ually be5 us$ 9 ,york%ire1 = dress]s1 s9ce !n2 old glass knobs are usually m\ld$1 b "s are cut1 ?\gh ! r\nd1 uncut %ape 0 ! mo/ conv5i5t = h&l+4 ,glass door-knobs are f\nd4 ,,xviii4 ,,old ,,pa/e1 ,,glass ,,beads1 ,,& ,,taws ,,pa/e ,all artificial 8/ones0 us$ 9 jewell]y are glass--glass v>i\sly %ap$1 cut1 & col\r$--b 8old pa/e0 is glass n col\r$2 ?\gh x may be back$ ) col\r$ foil1 :i* %[s a t9t ?r\gh ! glass4 ,old-pa/e collect+ is1 !re=e1 a bran* ( old-glass collect+1 & _c be ignor$ 9 ?is book4 ,:ite pa/e is usually a sub/itute = diamonds2 ! c>efully made & cut old pa/e or /rass 7! ,fr5* "n = x1 adopt$ "u ,l\is ,v1 :5 ! be/ pa/e 0 made7 came v ne> ! look ( diamonds4 ,pa/e or /rass is glass ( a v h>d1 bright k9d1 cut 9 ! way 9 :i* diamonds are cut1 & m\nt$ 9 ! metals & /yles :i* usually g ) diamond jewell]y4 ,beh9d ^! brilliant bits ( cut-glass1 silv] or t9foil 0 put1 s t light fall+ ?r\gh ! glass %\ld be refract$ & reflect$ back1 z x is 9 natural cry/als su* z diamonds4 ,"t affects ! col\r ( ?is foil & ?us gives a s(t] beauty to ! effect4 ,old pa/e is m beautiful ?an new pa/e = ano!r reason1 too--be+ old glass x has ! t9ts ( old glass s (t5 ref]r$ to 9 ?is book4 ,"s pa/e seems to h be5 made at ,bri/ol1 = 8,bri/[s0 or 8,bri/ol diamonds0 "s ( x is call$4 ,! old] pa/e ornam5ts h ! bits ( glass set sep>ately1 ea* sett+ = ea* bit sep>ate ?\gh t\*+ ea* o!r1 & !re=e !re is mu* metal %[n 9 ! sett+s2 ?is applies to ! sev5te5?-c5tury pa/e4 ,lat]1 ne> ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury & aft]w>ds1 z n[1 ! bits ( glass 7 sunk )9 a cont9u\s groov$ or holl[ sett+1 ea* bit held 9 place by a small claw or rais$ clip ( metal sold]$ on to ! g5]al groove4 ,! sett+ = :ite pa/e 0 usually silv]3 col\r$ pa/es 7 (t5 set 9 gold1 silv] gilt1 p9*beck1 bronze1 & sometimes 9 pewt]4 ,pa/e consi/+ ( v small pieces is pref]able to ! l>g] v>ieties4 8,diamond0 pa/e is (t5] f\nd ?an 8em]ald10 8ruby10 or 8sapphire0 pa/e4 ,a c]ta9 =m ( pa/e 7n truly pa/e7 is f\nd 9 jewell]y set ) glass cut & silv]$ at ! back1 z if x 7 a bit ( look+-glass4 ,a te/ = ! age ( pa/e is ! pres5ce ( scrat*es on its surface1 & ( dimness br\ght ab\t by *emical action ( ! air4 ,! scrat*es are (t5e/ f\nd at ! edges & flats ( ! facets4 ,,glass ,,beads ,,& ,,taws ,glass beads h be5 made ev] s9ce ! mak+ ( glass 0 kn[n1 9 ,egypt1 ,europe1 & "h4 ,! g5]al te/s ( age giv5 9 ?is book may be appli$ to !m4 ,glass taws or m>bles made = boys' games1 or = a game call$ 8solitaire0 :i* us$ to be fa%ionable--a k9d ( 8pati5ce0 game ) glass taws--us$ to %[ ! *>act]i/ics ( air-spiral or cotton-:ite or col\r$ spiral /ems4 ,,xix4 ,,g5]al ,,h9ts ,,& ,,w>n+s ,,inscrib$ ,,glasses ,a collector %\ld n miss an opportunity ( buy+ an inscrib$ glass *eaply3 = in/ance1 a naval rumm]1 engrav$ ) a cutlass1 a dove ) ! olive-bran*1 & 8,our brave ,allies0 = #ds4 ,b f9e engrav$ & inscrib$ mod]n glasses1 imitat+ ?\gh n reproduc+ exactly ! old ones1 are on sale 9 curio-%ops4 ,,roses1 ,,oak-,,leaves1 ,,birds1 ,,& ,,butt]flies ,,on ,,glass ,ev5tually any glass ) roses1 rosebuds1 & a bird or butt]fly on x w rank z 8,jacobite02 glasses ) oak-leaves w also be ?\ght symbolical ( ,boscobel4 ,o!r su* emblems w be discov]$1 or are alleg$2 = in/ance1 ! aconite or monk's-hood fl[]1 consid]$ z an aspiration = ano!r ,g5]al ,monk1 :o might re/ore ! ,/u>t l9e4 ,,old ,,glasses 8,,engrav$ ,,up0 ,jacobite1 ,williamite1 & ,hanov] or ,trafalg> glasses be+ 9 great dem&1 +5i\s p]sons take a real old w9e glass1 goblet1 or rumm]1 t is pla9 & innoc5t at ! "t1 & engrave x ) ,jacobite emblems or 8,bonny ,pr9ce ,*>lie's0 head1 or ,william ( ,orange on horseback1 or 8,trafalg>10 or 8,nile40 ,z a rule ! evid5t newness1 r\ghness1 & lack ( 8we>0 ( su* add$ engrav+ condemn x1 to ! eye & to ! f+]2 b v +5i\s p]sons use *emicals1 or mud1 or attrition1 9 ord] to disguise ! :iti%-grey t9t ( newly engrav$ glass2 if "p ( ! engrav+ be 8buff$0 up--t is1 poli%$ till x is bright1 transp>5t1 & n ! t9t ( gr\nd glass 7see c5tre ( rose1 page #gj71 detection becomes m difficult4 ,,! ,,collector',s ,,in/9ct ,b aft] a :ile ! 8in/9ct0 ( a collector comes into play to protect him aga9/ ^! & o!r frauds4 ,he _c exactly reason out & /ate :y an (f]$ piece is 8wrong10 b he feels t x is n "r2 :i* means t ! 8altoge!r0 ( ! glass sugge/s to 8 subconsci\s m9d some?+ :i*1 ?\gh n express$1 is a good reason = n buy+ ! glass4 ,b ?is 8in/9ct0 only comes aft] mu* practice 9 collect+1 & repeat$ turn+ ( pages = ref]5ce1 9 a book su* z ?is2 a collector's books %\ld n be read once & !n laid aside2 !y %\ld be ref]r$ to on e occasion1 ev5 aft] ! 8in/9ct0 has begun to /ir4 ,,likelihood ,,& ,,improbability ,extraord9>y *ances come to ! 8pick+-up0 collector1 ,i "k1 b he does well to keep 9 m9d ! probability or ! unlikelihood ( 8 8f9d0 be+ real4 ,x is unlikely t he %\ld m ?an once happ5 ^u a ,jacobite glass1 = example2 & aga91 if he sees a f9e 8,trafalg>0 glass exhibit$ 9 a small jewell]'s %op1 ) no o!r glass at all or any o!r 8curios10 ! probability is t "s fraudul5t p]son has plant$ t false glass !re1 9 :at is a likely place to attract & deceive a collector :o 8picks up40 ,,! ,,absolute ,,frauds ,old ,engli% & ,iri% glass has a s(t & mell[ tone1 bo? ( look & s\nd2 x has a calm1 respectable1 hone/ appe>ance1 z ( quality & hone/y comb9$4 ,fitness = its purpose1 good workman%ip1 "s qua9tness p]haps1 b n mu* fantasy1 are visible 9 x2 if x is decorat$1 ! decoration has be5 done well1 b )\t lavi% arti/ic imag9ation4 ,n[ ab\t ! =g]ies ( x !re is some?+ h>d & fa/1 an appe>ance too %9y & %9+1 & a rigidity ( copy+4 ,seldom are ev5 two old glasses belong+ to a set q alike1 b ! =g]ies are exact replicas by ! hundr$4 ,see "o1 y see !m all2 b see "o real old glass1 y notice diff]5ces 9 x f all o!rs4 ,=g$ glass1 rec5tly made1 is 8buff$0 or poli%$ on ! :eel all ov] its surface2 old glass 0 nev] buff$1 & its poli% r resembles t ( old furniture due to 8elb[ grease0--! poli% comes ( long wa%+1 wip+1 & dry+4 ,i h already describ$ ! diff]5ces ( t9t4 ,=g$ glasses are clumsy imitations 9 ?is1 = ! =g]s d n try to give ! old d>k t9ts--!y use lead t is n s impure z ! old lead 01 & !re=e produces less visible oxide4 ,! cutt+ ( old glass1 done by h&1 produc$ & displays irregul>ities2 s does mod]n cutt+4 ,b ! old irregul>ities 7 due to a lack ( ma*9e-l precision1 & 7 natural1 accid5tal irregul>ities3 ! mod]n irregul>ities are 7s to speak7 me*anical1 & obvi\sly due to ha/e & *eapness ( production4 ,lab\r & "t 7 no great matt]s ) ! old workm52 ! c\nt]feit "w is obvi\sly done ) ! m9imum ( lab\r & "t4 ,mod]n ,engli%-made glass has (t5 a good r+ :5 flick$2 =eign-made frauds on ! old h n1 or h x seldom4 ,,! 8,,mod]n ,,antique0 ,mu* ( ! glass sold 9 ! small] curio-%ops z 8antique0 0 n made to deceive3 x is ! (f]+ ( x 9 su* places :i* int5ds fraud4 ,mo/ ,engli%-made reproductions ( old glass 9 %ape & cutt+ 7 n int5d$ by ! manufactur] to delude a collector1 b to attract ! ord9>y buy] = table use or decorative use2 "o :o is n a collector b 8likes some?+ t looks old-fa%ion$10 z he says4 ,pawnbrok]s' & jewell]s' %ops are /ock$ ) :at is call$ 9 ! trade 8! mod]n antique02 o!r examples ( ?is are ! *eap1 ha/y1 & obvi\s copies ( m9iatures ( fam\s beauties set 9 new pa/e frames & sold = a few %ill+s4 ,9 pawn%ops & ord9>y glass-%op w9d[s a collector sees spiral-/em w9e glasses made = mod]n use & n int5d$ to deceive2 !y are a k9d ( tawdrily ornam5tal hock glass1 embody+ "s mod]n design]'s idea ( :at is beautiful2 !y correspond ) no antique %ape ( b[l1 ! /ems are v ?9 & fragile1 ! feet are z small z or small] ?an ! rim ( ! b[l1 & ! spirals are p>ti-col\r$ & 8tight40 ,no collector ne$ be tak5 9 by su* z ^!--!y 7 n made to take him 91 !y are ord9>y articles ( mod]n manufacture & daily comm]ce4 ,s are ! :ite glass b[ls1 tazzas1 c5tre-pieces1 vases1 8specim5 glasses10 etc41 elaborately cut1 p]haps engrav$ also1 & meant = mod]n tables & mantelpieces4 ,^! are copies ( ! f9e old w>e simply because ! old w>e af=ds good models1 & ! in=mation giv5 9 *apt] ii ( ?is book w enable a collector to recognize ! mod]nity ( ^! hone/ imitations1 ev5 :5 !y are f\nd 7z !y (t5 are7 9 a %op suppos$ to purvey antiques4 ,,out-,,(-,,!-,,way ,,pieces ,i d n say t v unusual & out-(-!-way pieces ( old glass %\ld be avoid$2 z ! collect+ ( glass increases1 _m r>e old ?+s w be br\ght out ( cupbo>ds & sold 9 %ops4 ,b ,i d say t1 z a rule1 a collector %\ld feel suspici\s ( any piece n resembl+ ^? :i* are pictur$ 9 books l ?is1 or ^? se5 9 museum collections4 ,?us a tall1 bulky goblet engrav$ ) a portrait ( ,william ,pitt or ,well+ton1 & inscrib$ accord+ly1 if x is (f]$ = #cjs41 say1 is highly suspici\s1 to say ! lea/ ( x2 & ! saf] c\rse is to refuse app>5t b>ga9s ( ! k9d4 ,,fak$ ,,jacobite ,,glasses1 ,,etc4 ,?is applies ev5 m to ! pseudo-,jacobite1 ,williamite1 ,nelson1 & o!r fam\s glasses :i* are (f]$4 ,!y may be old glasses 8engrav$ up10 9 :i* case ! only mode ( detection is ! quality1 f9i% & t9t ( ! engrav+4 ,!y may be ,engli%-made mod]n glass1 ( ! "r r+ & ! old way ( manufacture2 9 :i* case ! te/ ( t9t 9 ! glass itself may be add$ to ! te/ ( ! engrav+4 ,9 ei!r case ! engrav+ may too closely reproduce an orig9al glass2 x is seldom t two old glasses ( ?is type exactly resemble ea* o!r 9 ! position ( ! v>i\s emblems1 portraits1 & s on3 = example1 ! ^w ,fiat is h>dly ev] f\nd 9 exactly ! same place on two real old glasses4 ,if ! pseudo-,jacobite or o!r engrav$ glass fails to respond to ! *>act]i/ics ( high in/ep or dom$ foot1 t9t1 r+1 etc41 or any ( ^!1 x %\ld be reject$4 ,,fak$ ,,spiral ,,glasses ,fraudul5t air-spiral or cotton-spiral-/emm$ glasses1 n engrav$ or inscrib$1 are ! fraud mo/ (t5 (f]$ to a collector3 9 addition to ! o!r te/s m5tion$1 ! te/ ( ! skill & quality ( ! spiral itself c be us$ 9 ?is case4 ,! c\nt]feits %[ spirals :i* are meagre1 irregul>1 tight1 or ! wrong col\r2 !y d n fill up ! /em1 or exactly swell out to fill up ! knops2 9 ! cotton-:ite !re are defects resembl+ dropp$ ?reads 9 a piece ( l951 or miss$ /it*es 9 a piece ( lace4 ,i possess "o excell5tly twi/$ air-spiral =g]y1 a simple cable1 :i* might deceive if ! pla9 glass ar\nd x =m+ ! re/ ( ! /em 7 n s ?ick & s di/9ct z to sugge/ t ! spiral 0 made fir/ & ! pla9 glass plac$ ar\nd x aft]w>ds2 ! old spirals1 air1 cotton-:ite or col\r$1 7 twi/$ at ! "t ( & 9 ! actual mak+ ( ! :ole /em4 ,mod]n spiral /ems are (t5 wri!n or ridg$ on ! surface1 too2 :i* means t ! twi/+ ( ! /em has be5 done ) less ?an ! old am\nt ( skill4 ,9 %ort1 ! mak+ ( spiral /ems is a lo/ art1 n recov]$ ev5 by ! assidu\s =g]s1 up to ! pres5t4 ,if a spiral revolves upw>ds f "r to left--! "r to ! left ( ! p]son look+ at x--reject x2 ?is defect 0 a feature ( ! e>li] =g]ies1 b ! prop] direction ( ! upw>d twi/ 7f left to "r7 is n[ us$ 9 ^! fakes4 ,! old cut /ems are m easily imitat$3 ) ^! a te/ is ! abs5ce ( all trace ( a pontil-m>k4 ,9 _m old cut glasses ! f+] feels a di/9ct depression1 usually circul>1 :i* %[s :]e ! old pontil-m>k 0 cut away4 ,9 "s =g]ies1 made by m\ld+1 n by bl[+1 ! pontil-m>k is imitat$1 b s grossly t x ought n to deceive4 ,,%am ,,w9e ,,cool]s ,,& ,,f+] ,,b[ls ,c\nt]feit e>$ w9e cool]s & beautifully cut c\nt]feit f+] b[ls are on ! curio m>ket2 ! usual te/s %\ld detect ^!4 ,imitation ,bri/ol blue1 & violet glass is (f]$1 b x is n ! "r blue1 :i* passes f a purple 9 ! ?ick1 to a sea-blue 9 ! ?91 p>ts :5 held to ! light2 or n ! "r violet1 9 :i* ! same v>y+ ( col\r is evid5t4 ,doz5s ( fraudul5t :ite & violet f+] b[ls1 elaborately cut1 are on ! m>ket2 b x is ! r>e/ ?+ to f9d m ?an five or six left ( any set ( old f+] b[ls4 ,,old ,,dut* ,,glass ,glassw>e ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5tury made 9 ! ,l[l&s1 :e!r at ,lige or ,am/]dam1 is kn[n ov] "h z 8old ,dut*40 ,collectors w d wisely to /udy ?is w>e1 :e!r = ! purpose ( reject+ or acquir+ x4 ,mo/ collectors ( ,engli% & ,iri% glass reject x at once2 !y rightly say t :5 ?9 x is too light-weight1 bubbly1 fla%y1 flat & %ort ( r+1 & :5 ?ick too sme>y ( t9t & too clumsy to be fir/ class2 & (t5 ! engrav+ is poor & ugly4 ,inde$1 !re is some?+ unf9i%$ & unworkmanlike ab\t x1 comp>$ ) ! craftsman%ip put into ,engli% & ,iri% old glass2 j z !re is ab\t ,dut*-made furniture ( ,william & ,m>y & ,que5 ,anne date1 comp>$ ) ,engli%-made furniture ( ! ,*ipp5dale p]iod & /yle4 ,!re is some?+ unsatisfactory 9 ! look1 %ape1 & proportions2 x seems to lack complet5ess & fitness4 ,9 ! /emm$ glasses1 h[ev]1 ! ,dut* air spirals are excell5tly done--except :]e !y jo9 ! foot ( ! glass1 sometimes2 & ! cotton-:ite spirals are h>dly inf]ior to ! ,engli% except 9 ! greyness ( ! col\r4 ,= ?is reason1 & also because ! numb] ( collectors ( old glass increases1 ,dut* w9e glasses on spiral /ems g up 9 price at ,london auctions n[adays1 & a rose glass or o!r pretty1 well-engrav$ piece ( ,flemi% or ,dut* orig9 may be wor? acquir+3 !re are collectors "h ( ! ,holl& w>e already1 & !re w be m z ,engli% & ,iri% w>e ( ! k9d becomes m difficult to f9d & exp5sive to buy4 ,a _s bottle1 decant]1 goblet1 or o!r piece ( ,dut* glass t is engrav$ ) armorials or dates1 or names or leg5ds1 is n to be disda9$1 !re=e2 nor is any unusual piece t is qua9tly quirk$1 flut$1 purfl$1 & boss$4 ,,*ipp$ ,,or ,,brok5 ,,pieces ,x is sometimes wor? :ile *eaply to acquire a *ipp$ or ev5 a brok5 piece ( old glass1 if x is v r>e 9 k9d1 =m1 or purpose4 ,*ipp$ feet ( w9e glasses c be gr\nd aga91 b x is h>dly wor? :ile2 :5 ! foot is almo/ all gone1 a metal sub/itute c be made = x1 b t is h>dly wor? :ile4 ,i "k ( a ,jacobite glass ) a big piece out ( ! engrav$ portion cem5t$ 9 aga92 ! price ( ! glass is #dj all ! same2 b z a rule x is n wor? :ile to acquire *ipp$ or brok5 articles ( old glass4 8,,t\t ,,passe1 ,,t\t ,,casse1 ,,t\t ,,lasse0 ,! ,fr5* prov]b tells u t ev]y?+ passes1 ev]y?+ breaks1 ev]y?+ we>ies1 at la/4 ,b ! collector kn[s bett] ?an t2 he prev5ts old works ( art & craft f pass+ altoge!r2 he keeps !m safe f break+1 & he nev] we>ies ( add+ to !m or /udy+ !m2 z ,i hope ?is book may enable _m a collector to d4 ,,index ,,index ,,absolute frauds1 #ig ,air spiral1 #da1 #ej ,air-spiral /ems1 #ej1 #ea ,,balu/] /ems1 #dj1 #df1 #dg ,beads1 #ic ,be] glasses1 #fj ,belfa/-made glass1 #ah ,bell b[l1 #ef ,bl[n w>e1 #bf ,bohemian glass1 #ac 8,boot0 glasses1 #gd ,bottles1 #gf ,b[l %apes1 #ef1 #ei ,b[ls1 #gi ,bri/ol cut-glass1 #ca col\r$ glass1 #ce1 #cf opal glass1 #ce ,butt]fly1 engrav$1 #bj ,,caddy sug>-bas91 #bg1 #hh ,c&le/icks1 #fj1 #ha 8,capta90 glasses1 #he 8,c5tral tube0 /em1 #ec1 #ee1 #ff ,*ampagne glasses1 #ec1 #fa ,*ipp$ or brok5 pieces1 #ajc ,cid] glasses1 #fa ,coa*+ glasses1 #fb1 #fc ,co9s 9 /ems1 #g1 #dg ,coll> 9 /em1 #df ,collectable articles1 #f ,collector's in/9ct1 #if range1 #aa ,col\r$ glass1 #ce spirals1 #ed ,communion vessel1 #aj ,comports1 #hd ,cork-made glass1 #ag ,cotton-:ite spirals1 #ec ,corrugat$ /ems1 #ej ,cu/>d glasses1 #hg ,cut-glass1 #bi /ems1 #ee ,,decant]s1 #gg ,defects ( quality1 #bj1 #ba 8,diamond0 cutt+1 #cj ,dome-foot1 #da1 #db ,d\ble ogee b[l1 #eh ,drawn b[l1 #di1 #ef 8,drawn0 /ems1 #di ,dr9k+ glasses1 #dj ,dut* glass1 #ai1 #ba1 #ajb ,,egg-,,cup b[l1 #da1 #eg ,engrav$ glass1 #cc 8,engrav$ up10 #ie ,ext5sive feet1 #da 8,,fak$0 glasses1 #ajj ,feel ( glass1 #ba ,feet ( tumbl]s1 #de 8,fiat0 glasses1 #fh1 #fi ,fir+ glasses1 #dd ,fir+-glass foot1 #dc ,fold$ foot1 #dc ,fuddl+ glasses1 #fb1 #fc ,,g5]al guides & te/s1 #ad h9ts1 #ie w>n+s1 #ie ,gir&oles1 #hb ,glass knobs1 #ia pictures1 #ij ,goblets1 #ab1 #ae1 #da 8,greek key0 spirals1 #ed 8,,hanov]ian0 glasses1 #ga ,hemm$ foot1 #dc ,high in/ep foot1 #db 8,hobnail0 cutt+1 #cj ,hog>? glasses1 #fd ,hop & b>ley glasses1 #ej1 #fj ,,iri%-,,made glass1 #ag ,,jacobean lamp1 #bg ,jacobite glasses1 #ff1 #fh mottoes1 #fh ,jelly glasses1 #hf 8,joey0 glasses1 #fb1 #gc ,jugs1 #gg ,,kit*5 glasses1 #fd ,knife-re/s1 #hj ,knives1 #hj ,knopp$ /ems1 #dj ,,lamps1 #bg1 #hc ,likelihood & improbability1 #if ,lipp$ ogee b[l1 #eh ,lumpy /ems1 #dj ,lu/res1 #hb 8,,ma/]0 glasses1 #he ,mirrors1 #ij 8,mod]n antiques10 #ih ,mugs1 #g1 #fb ,mum glasses1 #fa ,,nailsea glass1 #cg ,norwi* foot1 #dc ,,oakleaf on glass1 #fc1 #fh ,ogee b[l1 #eh 8,old ,pret5d]0 glasses1 #fi ,out-(-!-way pieces1 #ii ,,pap]-,,weights1 #cg ,pa/e1 #ib ,pepp] boxes1 #hh ,pe/les1 #hj ,pla9 r\nd /ems1 #di 8,pomegranate0 cutt+1 #ca1 #cb ,pontil-m>ks1 #bc1 #bd ,pun*-lift]s1 #gi ,,quality ( metal1 #ai ,,rectangul> b[l1 #eg ,rose glasses1 #ah1 #ei1 #ff ,rumm]s1 #af1 #fa ,,salt cell>s1 #ci1 #hh ,scrat*es1 #bb ,%ams1 #aja ,signs ( use & we>1 #bb 8,silv]0 spirals1 #ej1 #ea ,s\nds1 #ah ,_s glasses1 #fb ,spoons1 #hj ,squ>e foot1 #de ,/>-cutt+1 #cb ,/ems1 #df-ee ,/\rbridge glass1 #ca ,/\t /ems1 #da ,/raight-sid$ b[l1 #eg ,/u>t emblems1 #ff1 #fg ,/yles ( cutt+1 #cj1 #ca ,sug>-bas9s1 #bg1 #hh cru%]s1 #hj ,sund]l& glass1 #ch1 #ci ,sweetmeat glasses1 #a1 #he ,,tank>ds1 #gc ,tav]n glasses1 #fd ,taws1 #id 8,te>s0 9 /ems1 #dh 8,?imbleful0 glasses1 #fe ,?i/le engrav$1 #fg 8,?i/le0 glass1 #dj ,?umb glasses1 #de ,t9ts1 #ad1 #bj ,toa/ma/] glasses1 #fc ,toddy-lift]s1 #gi 8,trafalg>0 glasses1 #af1 #ig ,tumbl]s1 #gc ,,v5ice glass1 #ab ,,wai/$ b[l1 #eh bell b[l1 #eg ,wat]=d glass1 #c1 #ag1 #ba1 #cj ,weight1 #ba 8,williamite0 glasses1 #ga ,w9d[ glass1 #h ,wit*-balls1 #h1 #ch ,workman%ip1 #be ,wrockw>d9e glass1 #ch 8,,y>d ( ale0 glasses1 #fd ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by ,ri*>d ,clay ,sons1 ,limit$1 ,,bungay1 ,,suffolk4 ,transcrib]'s notes3 ,9 ! text v]sion1 italics are repres5t$ by und]scores1 & bold & black lett] text by equals symbols4 ,sup]scripts are repres5t$ by & subscripts by 4 ,miss+ or incorrect punctuation has be5 repair$4 ,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 left z pr9t$4 ,! foll[+ mi/akes h be5 not$3 p4#ae4 ,t9 ,*ang$ to ,t9t4 p4#af4 ,! old] ! ,georgian ! glass1 extra ! remov$