---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,?is v]sion ( ! text _c repres5t c]ta9 typographical effects4 ,italics are delimit$ ) ! #8' "* z italic4 ,! text utiliz$ a v>iety ( fonts1 effects :i* _c be repres5t$ "h4 ,footnotes h be5 resequ5c$ to be unique )9 ! text4 ,!y h be5 mov$ to foll[ ! p>agraphs 9 :i* !y are ref]5c$4 ,m9or errors1 attributable to ! pr9t]1 h be5 correct$4 ,please see ! transcrib]'s note at ! end ( ?is text = details reg>d+ ! h&l+ ( any textual issues enc\nt]$ dur+ its prep>ation4 8,david ,ro?man's ,,silicon ,,jungle is an aphrodisiac = anyone int]e/$ 9 ! comput] revolution4 ,!re is a real s5se ( self-lib]ation = ! read]1 9 ^: m9d ! dawn lights up ! incr$ible1 awful1 wond]ful rea* ( ! little comput] *ip40 ,william ,f4 ,buckley1 ,jr4 8,ev]y?+ y've always want$ to "k ab\t comput]s b 7 afraid to ask = fe> ( n gett+ a /raight answ] 9 pla9 ,engli%4 ,david ,ro?man is ,indiana ,jones1 guid+ u ?r\gh ! hype1 h>dw>e1 s(tw>e1 & confus+ j>gon ( ,,! ,,silicon ,,jungle40 ,bett9a ,gregory ,,abc ,news ,correspond5t & ,,ibm ,,pcxt own] 8,david ,ro?man's ,,silicon ,,jungle is an inspir$1 fa/-pac$1 (t5 maniacal view ( today's microcomput] sc5e4 ,:ile lac$ ) h>d facts1 ,ro?man's anecdotal /yle makes ! book fun read+4 ,! p]fect book = ! newcom] to ! sc5e & ! old-tim] lo/ 9 ! jungle40 ,john ,c4 ,dvorak ,te*nology columni/1 ,! ,san ,francisco ,exam9] & ,info,world 8,,! ,,silicon ,,jungle has prov$ helpful 9 bo? my bus9ess & p]sonal use ( comput]s4 ,x is d[n-to-e>?1 easy to und]/&1 & has made me & my comput]s bett] fri5ds40 ,ell5 ,r4 ,gordon1 ,presid5t ,tootsie ,roll ,indu/ries1 ,inc4 8,,! ,,silicon ,,jungle is an insightful book t provides a f\ndation = deal+ ) ! complicat$ _w ( p]sonal comput]s40 ,*ris ,*ri/ians5 ,s5ior ,analy/ ,! ,yankee ,gr\p 8,( all ! books ab\t comput]s1 ,,! ,,silicon ,,jungle is ! be/ ,i've se54444 ,fun to read & ,in/ructional z well4 ,david ,ro?man n only blazes a sure pa? ?r\gh ! jungle1 b he has told u almo/ ev]y?+ !re is to tell ab\t ! comput] _w at ?is po9t--& told x v well40 ,j]ald ,f4 ,t]hor/ ,=d ,motor ,executive ,,david ,h4 ,,ro?man ,! ,,silicon ,,jungle ,,ballant9e ,,books ,,new ,,york ,copyright #aihe ,david ,h4 ,ro?man ,all rights res]v$ "u ,int]national & ,pan-,am]ican ,copyright ,conv5tions4 ,publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,ballant9e ,books1 a division ( ,r&om ,h\se1 ,inc41 ,new ,york1 & simultane\sly 9 ,canada by ,r&om ,h\se ( ,canada ,limit$1 ,toronto4 ,libr>y ( ,congress ,catalog ,c>d ,numb]3 #he-ijfde ,,isbn #j-cde-cbjfc-h ,manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,fir/ ,edition3 ,july #aihe ,,) ,,love ,,to ,,h>ry ,,& ,,hort5se ,,ro?man ,special ?anks to ,mi*ael ,canyes1 ,mack ,trusl[1 ,david ,fay ,smi?1 ,don ,c>rol1 ,rob]t ,b4 ,wyatt1 ,ri*>d ,mc,coy1 ,frank ,lav5a1 ,pat ,ehresmann1 ,ru? ,aley & ,b]5ice ,h(fman ,cont5ts #a ,! ,silicon ,jungle #a #b ,! ,kaypro ,ph5om5on3 ,h[ ,solana ,bea* ,took on ,silicon ,valley #ad #c ,aft] ! ,w> #cf #d ,word,star3 ,! ,creators #de #e ,! ,select ,^w ,processor3 ,m>t9 ,dean v]sus ! ,comm&-,driv5 ,re/aurants #fe #f ,?ree ,s(tw>e ,/ories3 ,motorcycles1 ,homes1 & ! #bjj1jjj-;a-,ye> ,disk #gc #g ,graphics 7or ,h[ a ,m\se ,help$ ,joe ,%elton's ,fri5ds ,/op ,feel+ ,l ,rats7 #ic #h ,p3 ,! ,:o-,h[ ,solution #ajj #i ,! ,hal ,syndrome #abh #aj ,jewels t ,blip #afc #aa ,wir$ to ,"w #bjj #ab ,h[ ,i ,f\nd 8,god0 on ,,mci 7& a ,few ,o!r ,odds & ,ends ,ab\t ,electronic ,mail7 #bbh #ac ,net ,ga9 #bcd #ad ,z ! ,jungle ,?ick5s 7,,aka ! ,great ,modem+7 #bdi ,aft]word #bga ,,backup ,m ,tips & ,tales f ! ,jungle #bgi ,,backup ,i ,tw5ty-,six ,que/ions to ,ask at 7& ,ab\t7 ! ,comput] ,/ore #bha ,,backup ,,ii ,a ,few ,gr\*y ,words on ,pr9t]s #bid ,,backup ,,iii ,! ,lucky #ac3 ,:at to ,look = 9 ,*oos+ ,s(tw>e #cjb ,,backup ,,iv ,on ! ,evolution ( ,s(tw>e 7& a 8,p]fect] & ,p]fect]0 ,program7 #caj ,,backup ,v 8#c-;,d0 v]sus ,mail-,ord] ,s(tw>e--& ,h[ to ,%op #cai ,,backup ,,vi 8,easy0 ,data ,bases3 ,ano!r ,view 7,m5sa ,memb] ,v]sus ,info,star7 #cbc ,,backup ,,vii ,graphics ,tips #cca ,,backup ,,viii ,consultant ,contracts3 ,"s ,:o-,h[ ,que/ions #cci ,,backup ,,ix ,w9d[ ,%opp+ #cdc ,,backup ,x ,( ,mice & ,m5--& ,t\* ,pads1 ,t\* ,scre5s1 ,etc4 #cdf ,,backup ,,xi ,! ,micro ,connection3 ,"s ,critical ,explanations #cdi ,,backup ,,xii ,,modem#g3 ,an ,almo/-,free & ,fairly ,easy ,way to ,talk to ,o!r ,comput]s #ced ,,backup ,,xiii ,:y ,n an ,electronic ,peace ,corps8 #cff ,,index #cge ,! ,,silicon ,,jungle #a ,! ,silicon ,jungle ,am]icans are fight+ ea* o!r n j 9 ! m>ketplace b also 9 ! ,silicon ,jungle4 ,! jungle isn't gre5]y4 ,x isn't l&4 ,x's no?+ m ?an ! m9]al 9 t9y comput] *ips t swit* electronic impulses4 ,b a jungle x is3 ,airl9e ,x accus$ ,airl9e ,y ( electronically sabotag+ ,x's res]vations op]ation & contribut+ to a #gcc-million bankruptcy4 ,! *>ges may h be5 false4 ,b _! v exi/5ce dramatiz$ ! increas+ l9k betwe5 comput] security & corporate survival4 ,c> ?ieves h comput]iz$ to keep bett] track ( hot auto p>ts4 ,t's bad news n only = police b also = rival ?ieves ) antiquat$ record keep+4 ,mean:ile1 a hook] r+1 too1 has automat$4 ,& a gambl+ op]ation analyz$ its pr(its daily ?r\gh a big comput] hook$ up to small] ones 9 =ty-?ree cities4#a ,an editor confesses he snoop$ on ! competition by figur+ out ! comput] password ( ,br& ,x newspap] 78x's l play+ ,scrabble--a matt] ( "t & an int]e/$ m9d074 ,millions ( m scrupul\s ,am]icans are increas+ly rely+ on micros to outwit _! rivals4 ,footnote #a3 ,comput]world1 ,july #bc1 #aihd1 is ! s\rce ( ! reports on crim9als' use ( comput]s4 ,consid] two deadl9e-ridd5 lawy]s lock$ 9 combat ov] ! same case4 ,lawy] ,a might f]ret out legal prec$5ts ?r\gh eye-/ra9+ rese>* at libr>ies1 :ile ,b c\ld cov] ! same t]ritory 9 m9utes ?r\gh ! "r taps on a new ,,ibm p]sonal comput]4 ,siliconiz$ w> is 890 betwe5 & among giants & gnats4 8,"o hundr$ ye>s ago 9 ,colorado1 ! ,colt 4#dd 0 a great equaliz]10 a we/]n] once said2 n[ he said 8 suitcase-siz$ micro 04 ,today bett] ma*9es sell = ar\nd #a1jjj4 ,) trimm+s !y c3 ,electronically zip messages to o!r comput]s & p across ! c\ntry4 ,be ^w processors1 d\bl+ "s writ]s' production4 ,prep>e spread%eets1 :i* help bus9esses quickly calculate ! future co/s ( provid+ products or s]vices4 ,keep records electronically4 ,help y :ip up jazzy *>ts to :et y\r boss's int]e/ 9 y\r "w--9 a nice way4 ,?is book w tell y h[ to make ! be/ use ( portables & o!r bus9ess comput]s :]ev] y are--l>ge company1 small1 or on y\r own4 ,big bureaucracy is "h1 also1 complete ) ! ,case ( ! ,miss+ ,cafet]ia 7expla9$ 9 ,*apt] #g74 ,in/ead ( he>+ j ab\t comput]s 9 ! ab/ract1 y'll le>n ab\t !m 9 life4 ,ar?ur ,c4 ,cl>ke1 ! _w-fam\s sci5ce-fiction noveli/ :o wrote #bjja & #bjaj1 w tell h[ ,word,star s(tw>e made him 8a born-aga9 writ]40 ,& ! ,,fbi1 top consultants1 & a felon nam$ ,capta9 ,zap w w>n aga9/ electronic crooks4 ,!re'll be comput] tips1 too1 f obscure b savvy bus9ess p1 su* z a ,new ,york real e/ate executive ^: micro skills lead to 8 six-figure income4 ,y'll also he> f "s />s ( ! indu/ry1 includ+ ,word,star's creators1 & y'll le>n h[ _! lives & philosophies tie 9 ) ! products on sale at y\r local comput] /ore4 ,we beg9 ) ! ,t5 7,micro7 ,comm&m5ts3 ,,don',t ,,fall ,,= ,,! ,,s(t ,,sell--,,or ,,h>d ,,sell4 ,,! ,,comput] ,,bus9ess ,,is ,a ,,jungle4 8,?is ma*9e "h is a ,m]c$es10 a ,radio ,%ack man once told me4 8,apple's ! ,=d4 ,y want to buy a ,m]c$es or a ,=d80 ,h[ d y cut ?r\gh ! hype to buy a ma*9e t is bett] ?an y\r competitor's8 ,y've got y\r own jungle to survive1 &1 by le>n+ h[ comput] firms make & m>ket _! (f]+s1 y'll be a bett] %opp]4 ,especially bew>e ( ! comput] hawk] :o says he's a 8te*nician0 ) y\r int]e/ 9 m9d4 ,,b ,,rememb] ,,t ,,good ,,guys ,,c ,,f9i% ,,fir/4 ,! ,new ,york executive sav$ 8 blue-*ip company a =tune & won 8 #ajj1jjj-plus sal>y )\t fir+ anyone1 grovel+ be=e 8 boss1 or *eap5+ a product or s]vice4 ,by pick+ ! "r comput] or program1 y j might get a head />t on ! (fice toady4 ,,avoid ,,! ,,snack-,,food ,,programs--,,! ,,ones ,,easy ,,to ,,le>n ,,b ,,less ,,satisfy+ ,,to ,,use4 ,) press ag5ts & fla%y boxes = disks1 ! s(tw>e m>ket is go+ ,hollywood4 ,x's also1 h[ev]1 becom+ m l ! cupcake indu/ry--ge>$ n to n\ri% b to please in/antly4 ,"s m>kete]s are try+ to displace good1 solid bus9ess programs ) ,tw9kie-l products t sell well b don't "w well4 ,,le>n ,,ab\t ,,comput]s ,,z ,,!y ,,relate ,,to ,,y\r ,,job4 ,normally1 y & y\r employees ne$n't become true comput] exp]ts4 ,9 mo/ cases y'll lack ! "t or tal5t to write ! programs y ne$ to be fully competitive4 ,v likely y c use (f-!-%elf s(tw>e in/ead4 ,also1 y c f9d ! "r comput] consultant & c>efully ov]see 8 "w2 ?is book w help y avoid gobbl]s4 ,,be ,,humane--,,pr(itably4 ,micros c be effici5t & humane at ! same "t4 ,don't confuse ,! ,silicon ,jungle ) ,w9n+ ?r\gh ,intimidation4 ,(t51 = in/ance1 "s humanity c improve y\r effici5cy by l[]+ ! numb] ( errors y\r p may make4 ,?is book tells h[ to *oose equipm5t t's easie/ on y\r p's eyes & backbones4 ,,bone ,,up ,,on ,,comput] ,,crime--,,b ,,don',t ,,neglect ,,r\t9e ,,ways ,,( ,,mak+ ,,y\r ,,electronic ,,records ,,safe4 ,y %\ld worry ab\t comput] crime1 :ile n neglect+ g>d5-v>iety problems ( 8data security10 l c(fee spill$ on floppy disks4 ,pity a poor w$d+-cake mak]4 ,! o!r day on ! radio ,i he>d t he c\ldn't fill 8 ord]s because a =getful comput] _h wip$ !m f its memory4 8,,wire ,,90 ,,to ,,telecommut+ ,,if ,,x',s ,,"r ,,= ,,y\r ,,company--,,& ,,p]haps ,,save ,,?\s&s ,,9 ,,(fice ,,r5ts4 ,work+ at home on a comput] isn't = ev]yone4 ,"s jobs w always require face-to-face contact4 ,telecommut+1 h[ev]1 is a nifty new way to ga9 an edge on ! competition :ile end+ "s work]s' ru%-h\r woes4 ,say1 y n[ sp5d #d1jjj annually on r5t$ space = ea* employee4 ,all[+ home "w may save y m ?an #h1jjj p] telecommut]1 total$ up ov] five ye>s1 if y\r tax rate is #ce p]c5t4 ,,rejoice6 ,,mo/ ,,likely ,,y',,ll ,,ju/ify ,,y\r ,,travail4 ,comput]ization is h>d] ?an y\r fri5dly comput] /ore might lead y to believe1 b mo/ likely y'll ju/ify y\r travail4 ,someone once said he nev] knew ( an au?or :o gave up 8 comput] & return$ to a p54 ,i'll buy t4 ,,?r\gh ,,x ,,all1 ,,"k ,,:at ,,! ,,o!r ,,guy',s ,,up ,,to4 ,y're bett] (f if y "k :at ! o!r guy--or woman--is up to4 ,?is book is1 frankly1 = top executives & mid-level p1 small bus9essm51 & pr(essionals4 ,& if y\r employees read x8 ,well1 s mu* ! bett]4 8,y0 "h is _m p4 ,"s ( my mo/ ent]pris+ read]s1 by ! way1 won't j be int]e/$ 9 comput]s = !mselves or _! companies4 ,!y'll also see !m z m>ket+ opportunities involv+ ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,take ,mike ,bell1 a ,x]ox executive4 ,we talk$ ab\t munytels--neighbor c5t]s (f]+ *ild c>e & o!r s]vices = p 8commut+0 to ! (fice via comput]4 ,& ,mike _h an idea4 ,:y n fran*ise ! munytels l ,mc,donald's hamburg] /&s8 ,maybe ,x]ox w />t a ,munytel ,division4 ,! 8o!r guy0 pr9ciple also applies to small bus9essm5 sell+ to ! ,x]oxes ( ?is _w4 ,if y "k h[ ! data-process+ p ?9k 9 a l>ge corporation1 y may be m und]/&+ if y're hav+ problems hook+ up to a l>ge cu/om]'s comput]4 ,likewise1 ! 8o!r guy0 idea c help bus9essm5 keep up ) competitors & appreciate _! own employees' comput]-relat$ fe>s4 ,9 %ort1 ?is book is = p :o want to survive--& make money--by li/5+4 ,rang+ ov] _m topics1 x may come across z a s]ies ( essays r ?an a normal guide4 ,s be x4 ,i'm n go+ to *eat y ( helpful facts t mo/ read]s won't c>e ab\t or t are f> remov$ f ! ma9 ?ru/s ( ! *apt]s4 ,y may be desp]ate = ?is v mat]ial4 ,& items at ! ends ( ! *apt]s w ref] y to 8,backup3 ,m ,tales & ,tips f ! ,jungle40 8,backup0 foll[s my ma9 book4 ,,break ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,us]s-,,guide ,,ghetto4 ,y already h4 ,! ,silicon ,jungle is = own]s & prospective own]s ( ,radio ,%acks1 ,apples1 ,i,b,ms--all k9ds ( ma*9es4 ,d buy a guide = y\r model ( comput] or y\r pet s(tw>e program2 ?is book isn't a replacem5t4 ,x (f]s1 h[ev]1 m deta*m5t ?an a guide t\t+ ! virtues ( a s+le ma*9e4 ,i'll write ab\t ! comput] ,i own--yes1 ,i h my biases--b x'll be z an example1 n z ! f9al answ]4 ,frankly1 = graphics "w alone1 my ,kaypro ,,ii w\ld n suffice4 ,! scre5 isn't good en\gh4 ,! ,kaypro's electronic bra9 j is n v visually incl9$1 & all 9 all1 ,i'd be f> bett] (f do+ *>ts ) an ,apple ,mac9to%4 ,_m good pa?s w9d ?r\gh ! ,silicon ,jungle4 ,!re's no d\bt--! comput] bus9ess is a jungle4 ,:ile ,i 0 writ+ ?is book1 ,osborne ,comput]s fil$ = bankruptcy "u ,*apt] ,,xi4 8,i'm j deva/at$10 said ,adam ,osborne4 ,! previ\s ye>1 8 firm _h sold #aaj1jjj portable comput]s li/+ at #a1gie4 ,i1 too1 0 sorry he'd fail$4 ,osborne's 0 ! fir/ company to produce a b>ga9-pric$ bus9ess comput] ) good1 free s(tw>e ?r[n 94 ,if 8 company hadn't reviv$ itself "u new managem5t1 ! indu/ry w\ld h (f]$ buy]s t mu* less *oice4 ,"p ( ,osborne's problem 7 8 m>ket+ blund]s4 ,also1 h[ev]1 an ar* rival1 ,kaypro1 _h come out ) a bett] ma*9e4 ,i b\ght "o4 ,*apt]s #b & #c tell h[ ,kaypro has f\ght ,osborne & o!r foes--w>s ( int]e/ to y1 s9ce y'll w9 a bett] deal if y "k ab\t micro-mak]s & ! orig9s ( _! comput]s4 ,:ile ?is *apt] & ! next "o focus on ,kaypros1 mu* 9 !m w\ld apply to o!r ma*9es4 ,mo/ microcomput]s don't em]ge f tile-floor$ laboratories2 in/ead1 !y come f companies t ref9e exi/+ te*nology & c>ve out ni*es 9 ! m>ketplace4 ,b :at's 8ref9e08 ,high te* is en\gh ( a gamble = ! m solid comput] mak]s4 ,%aki] ones c be reckless1 & (t5 at cu/om]s' exp5se4 ,a newspap] p]ceptively obs]v$1 8,comput]s are hyp$ be=e !y're ready1 ann\nc$ be=e !y're %ipp$ & sometimes outdat$ & outpric$ be=e !y rea* retail]s' %elves40 ,i'll try to help y f9d ! ma*9e t's be/ = y--n necess>ily ! "o t comput] hu/l]s envision on y\r desk4 ,bew>e3 ,9 ,m>yl&1 a sail mak] end$ up ) a micro useless z any?+ b an an*or4 ,a midwe/]n company su$ a major micro mak] = #def1jjj because an #h1jjj comput] alleg$ly didn't p]=m z adv]tis$4 ,a con/ruction executive inve/$ ov] #i1jjj 9 a "n-br& comput] b c\ld d next to no?+ ) x1 :ile a colleague 0 mak+ out f9e ) a little ,z5i? micro sell+ = ar\nd half ! price4 8,i've se5 too _m company presid5ts m>* ?r\gh !re hop+ to make a f9al decision 9 less ?an an h\r10 said a sales manag] at a ,mi*igan comput] /ore4 8,9 almo/ e case he's end$ up pay+ ei!r too mu* = ! "r equipm5t or too little = ! wrong equipm5t40#b ,footnote #b3 ,! ,mi*igan quote comes f a magaz9e article by ,wa%+ton writ] ,joel ,mak[]4 ,j z important z ! h>dw>e--! comput]s & o!r ma*9es--are ! programs on ^? pla/ic disks4 ,9 fact1 y %\ld ev5 ?9k 8s(tw>e0 be=e y d h>dw>e1 because y\r ma*9e w be useless if x doesn't d ! tasks y want x to4 ,& ! programs supply ^! necess>y in/ructions4 ,m ?an ?irty ?\s& programs = micros are on ! m>ket2 s ,! ,silicon ,jungle c't say :i* "o is exactly "r = y1 b x c help y f9d out = y\rself by %[+ h[ a s(tw>e classic comes into exi/5ce4#c ,footnote #c3 ,*ris ,*ri/ians51 ) ! ,yankee ,gr\p1 a ,bo/on-bas$ m>ket+ rese>* firm1 (f]$ ! e/imate on ! numb] ( programs4 ,i talk$ to ,seym\r ,rub9/e9 & ,rob ,b>naby--! subjects ( ,*apt] #d1 8,word,star3 ,! ,creators0--& le>n$ t ,b>naby & ,i _h "s common "w habits4 ,maybe t's :y ,i l ,word,star s mu*4 ,i feel z if ! p beh9d x us$ ,,esp to discov] h[ ,i lik$ to move words ar\nd on my spooky gre5 scre54 ,"s compla9 t ,word,star is too complex4 ,i disagree4 ,new v]sions ( ,word,star & o!r programs1 h[ev]1 w become simpl] to le>n z ! ma*9es !mselves gr[ m p[]ful4 ,! new ,word,star #bjjj is an example4 ,sm>t production-m9d$ buy]s mean:ile %\ld avoid ! 8us]-fri5dly0 s(tw>e t's easy to le>n b h>d to use4 ,"o example is ! ,select1 a clunky ^w processor discuss$ 9 ,*apt] #e aft] ,word,star4 ,i express$ my loa?+ ) my wallet4 ,al?\gh ,select came free ) my ,kaypro1 ,i junk$ x4 ,_h ,i n sp5t my #bej on ,word,star1 ,i w\ld h tak5 mu*1 mu* long] to write ?is book4#d ,footnote #d3 ,kaypro1 too1 junk$ ,select4 ,select ,in=mation ,sy/ems claims t's because ,kaypro want$ a *eap] ^w processor4 ,kaypro says x 0 unhappy ) ,select because x didn't "w "r ) "s pr9t]s4 ,9 ,*apt] #f1 8,?ree ,s(tw>e ,/ories10 bus9essm5 tell h[ !y coexi/$--or didn't--) _! s(tw>e4 ,"o ( !m is ! ,new ,york real e/ate executive m5tion$ e>li]4 ,he sav$ 8 new employ] #bjj1jjj a ye> by bon+ up on s(tw>e & us+ micros r ?an exp5sive "t & an outside company's ma9frame4 ,a ,m>yl& con/ruction executive did well1 too4 ,he ?9ks 8 s(tw>e k help$ him sn>e a new job z a company presid5t ) "o-?ird int]e/ 9 ! firm4 ,l ! ,new ,york]1 he successfully conc5trat$ on micros z !y relat$ to 8 job4 ,ano!r man1 an acc\ntant good at 8 "w b uneasy ar\nd comput]s1 (f]s "s obs]vations on ! fail+s ( exi/+ s(tw>e & 8 difficulties f9d+ ! "r program4 ,graphics w be "o ( ! hott] s(tw>e topics ov] ! next few ye>s1 n[ t *eap comput]s c d m visual tricks4 ,& 9 ,*apt] #g & ,backup ,,vii1 y'll le>n 7#a7 ! basics1 7#b7 :5 *>ts are wor? ! tr\ble1 & 7#c7 h[ to select ! be/ programs 9 t category4 ,mo/ exi/+ comput] guides are ov]ly te*nical ab\t graphics1 or !y j ab\t %un ! subject4 ,t's too bad4 ,graphics c actually save y\r company money2 comput]iz$ *>ts c help y set priorities & keep y\r projects on s*$ule4 ,at times1 too1 !re are o!r advantages4 ,a little ,mac9to% won't replace y\r art dep>tm5t1 b x might enable y to :ip up fla%y graphs to impress y\r cu/om]s4 ,ev5 ) ! suppos$ly simple ,mac-/yle ma*9es1 h[ev]1 y may /ill ne$ a good consultant--"o ( ! topics ( ,*apt] #h1 8,p40 ,he or %e c help y select ! "r s(tw>e1 = in/ance1 or tea* y h[ to use x4 ,b y c't always tru/ cr$5tials1 & "h y'll read ( a "y company t wa/$ #dj1jjj on ! wrong consultants & _! bungles4 ,"o man 0 s le>n$ 9 comput]s t he _h help$ design ! sy/ems on an aircraft c>ri]1 yet he lack$ ! exact te*nical exp]tise to help ! company get its "w done4 ,my old newspap] 9 ! ,midwe/ made ano!r p-type mi/ake1 lett+ a comput] exp]t befuddle /aff]s ) te*nical j>gon4 ,a :ite-hair$ editor suff]$ especially4 ,al?\gh he knew 8 t[n bett] ?an did j ab\t any o!r newsman & _h be5 a fixture 9 ! scruffy city rooms s9ce ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 ! pap] exil$ him f ! copy desk aft] ! tra9+ program fail$ him4 ,8 heal? gave out amid ! /ra91 & he end$ up on ext5d$ sick leave1 done 9 p>tly by ! c\rse's sc>y talk ( bits & bytes4 ,y use a calculator )\t be+--z "o man put x--8calculator lit]ate40 ,:y mu/ y be 8comput] lit]ate08 ,be s if y're an aspir+ programm] or if y enjoy comput]s z a hobby4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y don't1 well1 =get x4 ,in/ead1 simply conc5trate on 7#a7 f9d+ ! "r exp]ts = ! grubby te*nical *ores & 7#b7 help+ y\rself & y\r employees le>n ! programs ( use on ! job4 ,y c also treat p well by gu>d+ aga9/ 8,! ,hal ,syndrome40 ,i've nam$ ,*apt] #i aft] ! uppity comput] 9 #bjja & #bjaj4 ,! be/ weapons aga9/ ,hal are good1 common-s5se ones1 l viewable scre5s & easy-to-use keybo>ds1 :i* c cut d[n on heada*es & backa*es4 ,=get ab\t ! :ite tiles & bright fluoresc5ts y see 9 traditional comput] rooms4 ,!y c torture y\r eyes4 ,z = keybo>ds1 y'll le>n ! wisdom ( us+ ! deta*able k9d1 :i* makes x easi] = y to be ! "r di/ance f bo? ! keybo>d & ! scre54 ,:y n buy equipm5t t c adju/ to bo? y\r eyes & y\r back8 ,=eign]s caught on to ?is issue mu* m quickly ?an we did2 "s ,european firms ev5 saw$ ! keybo>ds (f ,am]ican-made t]m9als4 ,& n[ ,u4,s4 work]s are dem&+ action4 8,!y affect$ my /oma* q a bit10 a =m] insurance company work] says ( ! ma*9es t caus$ h] to quit h] job4 8,mo/ days ,i work$ ,i w\ld ?r[ up 9 ! ladies room40 ,:e!r y use micros or big comput]s1 y'll get m "w out ( p--& be able to hire bett] ones--if ! equipm5t is com=table to use4 ,/ill ano!r precaution aga9/ ,hal is good job design4 ,see if y c rotate y\r employees' comput] "w ) o!r duties to r$uce ! /ress ( be+ at ! keybo>d all day4 ,9 ! ,hal ,syndrome *apt]1 y won't simply read academic wisdom4 ,in/ead1 y'll he> ab\t ! true heal? & safety conc]ns ( p work+ ! comput] keybo>ds--em95tly valid worries 9 _m cases4 ,& y'll read 9 an accompany+ backup ab\t ano!r hot topic 9 ?is era ( contact betwe5 man & ma*9e4 ,x's ! m\se1 ! palm-siz$ gadget t y pu% along y\r desktop to guide ! cursor 7! little bl9k+ l9e or o!r m>k] t %[s :]e y're typ+ on ! comput] scre574 ,"s manufactur]s love ! m\se z a m>ket+ gimmick4 ,& x's inde$ nice = graphics4 ,if y're a writ] or secret>y1 h[ev]1 & if y lack ?ree h&s1 y may be bett] (f m\seless4 ,:y8 ,see ,backup ,x1 8,( ,mice & ,m540 ,i'll also try "s c&or on ano!r t\*y topic--comput] crime4 ,9 ,*apt] #aj1 8,jewels t ,blip10 y'll le>n h[ to protect y\r company secrets inside y\r comput] & h[ to prev5t ! ma*9es f suff]+ amnesia & de/roy+ electronic records4 ,al?\gh electronic ,willie ,suttons exi/1 y\r real worries are (t5 mundane4 ,?is book won't keep y f spill+ c(fee on a floppy disk1 b x w tell h[1 us+ good s(tw>e & good habits1 y c help w>d (f bo? crooks & accid5ts4 ,mu* ( ,*apt] #aj is ab\t l>g] comput]s1 & q logically s4 ,increas+ly1 y\r micros w be talk+ to ma9frames1 z ! big ma*9es are call$1 & y\r facts are only z safe z ! electronic repositories :]e y /ore !m4 ,comput] security w p>ticul>ly matt] 9 ! era ( telecommut+1 a subject cov]$ 9 ,*apt] #aa1 8,wir$ to ,"w10 :i* w %[ y h[ 8electronic cottages0 (t5 c be bo? productive & humane4 ,a ,cali=nia pr(essor says by #aiij z _m z #aj million ,u4,s4 work]s c\ld be tapp+ away on keybo>ds at home4 ,9 ,*apt] #aa1 y'll le>n h[ y may be able to 8telecommute0 )9 weeks or mon?s if 7#a7 y\r boss & company are sympa!tic & 7#b7 y\r (fice politics p]mit y to d s )\t h>m+ y\r c>e]4 ,:y wait = (ficial telecommut+ programs f corporate headqu>t]s8 ,*apt] #aa advocates no?+ less ?an a grass-roots telecommut+ movem5t by corporate writ]s1 programm]s1 salespeople1 & work+ mo!rs4 ,tot+ up ! sav+s t telecommut+ c yield1 m & m corporations w enc\rage exp]im5ts4 ,_m p--?\gh n all--?rive on x4 8,x seems fooli% = me to get 9 a c> to g to an (fice10 said a ,wa%+ton-area telecommut]1 8if ,i c g to t (fice by phone40 ,)\t ! we> & te> ( ru%-h\r driv+ he became m productive4 ,y ne$n't telecommute e day4 ,! *apt]1 9 fact1 />ts ) ! example ( ! ru%-h\r hat] :o made x a po9t to keep up ) ! (fice cr[d 9 p]son on occasion4 ,*apt] #ab1 8,h[ ,i ,f\nd #8,god' on ,,mci 7& a ,few ,o!r ,odds & ,ends ab\t ,electronic ,mail710 tells m ab\t s5d+ comput] messages ov] ! phone l9es4 ,"s ,e-mail nets ev5 l9k up ) ! old ,telex networks4 ,dur+ ! writ+ ( ?is book ,i correspond$ via comput] ) p rang+ f ,william ,f4 ,buckley1 ,jr41 to ,capta9 ,zap & ! ,,mci mail-,telex connection transmitt$ la/-m9ute *anges to my publi%]4 ,9 ,*apt] #ac1 8,net ,ga910 y'll le>n h[ diff]5t comput]s 9 y\r own (fice c %>e ! same programs & ex*ange in=mation )\t p con/antly hav+ to c>ry floppy disks f "o desk to ano!r4 ,a ,mi*igan company may be enjoy+ z mu* z ,,dlr #a1jjj a ye> m 9 effective "w "t f ea* /aff] z a result ( its int]nal comput] net4 ,( c\rse1 ) today's imp]fect te*nology1 su* hookups c be a real /ruggle4 ,b s (t5 !y're wor? x4 ,y c\ld say ! same1 inde$1 ( micros 9 g5]al--today & 9 ! future4 ,x seem$ especially true :51 = my la/ *apt]1 ,i tri$ to rea* ,ar?ur ,cl>ke's micro 9 ,sri ,lanka4 ,i want$ him to answ] que/ions ab\t microcomput]s 9 #bjja--! ye> 9 :i* 8 ,hal 0 kill+ humans4 ,did our phone-comput] connection succe$8 ,read ,*apt] #ad1 8,z ! ,jungle ,?ick5s40 ,/ruggles not)/&+1 comput]s (t5 d pay = h>ri$ pr(essionals & bus9ess p4 8,?is #e1jjj ma*9e has sav$ me f hir+ a #bj1jjj-;a-ye> assi/ant10 said a ,new ,york inve/m5t advis] us+ an ,,ibm ,,pc to write reports & make f9ancial calculations at home4 ,a "y trad] =sook ! b$lam at ! ,new ,york ,cotton ,ex*ange = an electronic (fice 9 8 ap>tm5t4 ,n[ he c g to "w 9 8 ba?robe & delay 8 %[] until lun*time4 8,x's m *all5g+ ?is way10 he said4 8,m contemplation1 less raw in/9ct40#e ,footnote #e3 ,! examples ( ! inve/m5t advis] & cotton trad] come f ,new ,york magaz9e4 ,ano!r self-employ$ man1 ,jimmy ,c>t]1 compos$ 8 memoirs on a ^w processor--p]haps inspir$ by ! example ( a =m] ,c>t] spee* writ] :o wrote a well-review$ book on national def5se4 ,!n !re's ,isaac ,asimov1 ! leg5d>y sci5ce-fiction noveli/1 :o1 ev5 ) an anci5t manual1 c\ld write fa/] ?an ! old ,teletype ma*9es c\ld clatt] along4 ,b he didn't always produce ! neate/ copy4 8,h[ diff]5t n[60 he exult$ 9 an article4 8,/>+ at a page ( type on a television scre51 ,i eag]ly look = typos s ,i c h ! fun ( *ang+ !m40 ,y ne$n't be a pr(essional au?or1 h[ev]1 to b5efit f comput]iz$ writ+4 ,9 ,m>yl&1 an ar*itect-consultant1 once typewrit] %y1 is n[ *urn+ out reports sev]al hundr$ pages long on 8 ,,ibm ,,pc4 8,a boon to ! small bus9essman0 is h[ ,hugh ,hunt1 a son ( ! late oilman ,h4 ,l4 ,hunt1 describ$ micros4 8,n[ he c compete ) ! l>g] corporations z f> z obta9+ data & process+ x quickly40 ,hunt himself 0 us+ portable comput]s 9 8 l&-developm5t bus9ess4 ,b he also not$ _! helpfulness 9 law3 8,comput]s are "o ( ! ways t small attorneys c compete ) l>ge corporations4 ,by jo9+ a comput] bank1 !y c rese>* briefs & d ^w process+1 j z ! l>ge companies c40 ,_m ,am]icans app>5tly %>$ 8 views4 ,9 #aihe1 !y might buy six million comput]s = bus9ess use1 & )9 two m ye>s1 t numb] might almo/ d\ble4#f ,:ile ,i 0 writ+ ?is book1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 em]g+ f ! wor/ economic ordeals s9ce ! ,great ,depression2 a few college graduates _h be5 r$uc$ to %opp+-bag ladies1 b ! microcomput] bus9ess 0 /ill gr[+1 ev5 if at a r$uc$ rate4 ,y might wait ?ree mon?s or m = y\r ,mac9to% or ,,ibm4 ,"s companies di$1 b o!rs took _! places2 & ev5 9 times ( inflation mo/ prices on micros 7 dropp+2 ye>s w\ld pass be=e sci5ti/s c\ld no long] keep dramatically increas+ ! silicon *ips' p[]s4 ,=get ab\t ! physical smallness ( ! *ips4 ,x 0 z if ! entrepr5eurs 9 ,silicon ,valley--9 exploit+ ! sci5ti/s' advances--7 op5+ up a va/ electronic t]ritory4 8,! only ?+ y worry ab\t ) comput]s10 ,hunt said1 pleas$1 8is #8,%\ld ,i wait until some?+ bett] comes along8'0 ,footnote #f3 ,! e/imates ( ! numb] ( bus9ess comput] buy]s come f ! ,yankee ,gr\p's ,*ris ,*ri/ians54 8,i'm sort ( a comput] gr\pie10 said ,art ,bu*wald1 ! syndicat$ humor columni/4 ,he 0 caught up 9 ! new pornography ( ! era3 ^? lusci\s1 ad-pack$ micro magaz9es cramm$ ) ! vital /ati/ics ( ,i,b,ms & ,apples4 8,x us$ to be t :5 ,playboy arriv$ at ! h\se1 my wife w\ld say1 #8,y\r ,playboy's "h1'0 ,bu*wald told an adv]tis+ magaz9e4 8,n[ %e says1 #8,y\r ,info,world's "h4' ,i'm n sure :i* %e pref]s4 ,i h a feel+ t ,playboy1 at lea/1 %e c\ld discuss ) me40 ,x 0 l radio dur+ ! #aibjs1 ?is micro craze4 ,"t _h proclaim$ ! comput] 8,ma*9e ( ! ,ye>0 9 #aihb1 & ,i recall$ a song t a fri5d ( my p>5ts1 an old woman1 _h writt5 ye>s ago4 8,m>coni1 ,m>coni10 ! lyrics w5t1 8! _w is at y\r feet40 ,h[ long until ! novelty ( microcomput]s seems j z qua9t z t ( radio8 ,! p>allels c\ld be !re4 ,two ,san ,francisco-area au?ors1 ,&rew ,fluegelman & ,j]emy ,joan ,hewes1 9 ,writ+ 9 ! ,comput] ,age1 urg$ read]s to 8become full-fl$g$ comput] citiz5s--z writ]s1 poets1 arti/s1 musicians1 programm]s1 numb]-crun*]s1 network]s44440 ,! ,fluegelman-,hewes book 0 useful & well done4 ,b 8comput] citiz5s08 ,! phrase grat$4 ,i 0 a us] at ! keybo>d1 a 8citiz50 9 ! vot+ boo?4 ,/ill1 ,i c\ld und]/& :y ,fluegelman & ,hewes call$ !mselves 8comput] evangeli/s40 ,i felt ! same way4 ,aft] hav+ br\ght u ,muzak & junk food1 te*nology = once 0 mak+ life bett]4 ,i say ?is ) res]vations4 ,educators correctly w>n$ ( ! comput] lit]acy gap betwe5 ,h>lem & ,sc>sdale--( ! de>? ( ma*9es 9 ! slums & ! b\nty 9 "s suburbs4 ,ri* & poor cla%$ at s*ool-bo>d meet+s4 ,9 my own c\nty1 ,fairfax ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 a well-(f ,,pta report$ly sav$ up = micros1 !n )held pur*ases until x le>n$ :e!r ! s*ool bo>d w\ld sp5d tax money help+ o!r s*ools cat* up4 ,& :at ab\t unemploym5t z automation co/ m jobs8 ,or ,u4,s4 firms us+ comput]-satellite hookups to pipe 9 ! "w ( #c-;an-h\r cl]ks8 ,! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a 0 ev5 prep>+ to sell programm+ skills to ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,a billion programm]s1 maybe8 ,s mu* = high te* z a refuge = ! ,am]ican jobless4 ,h[ c\ld y make comput]ization a joy to all8 ,t 0 "o answ] y'd nev] f9d 9 a comput] /ore4 ,y c\ld1 h[ev]1 set up ! "r retra9+ program = valu$ employees to see !m ?r\gh automation4 ,y c\ld fight ! ,hal ,syndrome4 ,y c\ld "w to end bor+ tasks4 ,9 %ort1 y c\ld d y\r be/ to make y\r comput]s b5efit bo? y\r employees & y\r company's e>n+s4 #b ,! ,kaypro ,ph5om5on3 ,h[ ,solana ,bea* ,took on ,silicon ,valley ,z ,! ,silicon ,jungle 0 light+ up my ,kaypro scre5 "o ,septemb] day 9 #aihc1 sev]al simil> ma*9es 7 :irr+ & click+ 9 ! ,wa%+ton (fices ( ,walt] ,mondale's presid5tial campaign4 ,kaypros kept track ( donations & ! #ah-million budget4 ,!y help$ *urn out news releases1 spee*es1 & lett]s to vot]s 9 important prim>y /ates4 ,j eighty p work$ at headqu>t]s sev5 mon?s into ! campaign2 ,kaypros & o!r af=dable micros 7 a major reason :y ,mondale w\ldn't ne$ legions ( back-room /aff]s 9 ,wa%+ton lat] on4 ,i didn't "k if ,mondale w\ld w9 or lose ! prim>y1 b :atev] happ5$1 x w\ldn't be = want ( comput+ p[]4 ,=ty-five miles away1 ne> ,baltimore1 ,kaypros at a ,we/+h\se plant 7 receiv+ comput] messages f def5se in/allations abroad4 ,o!r ,kaypros sat on ! desks ( ,william ,f4 ,buckley1 ,jr41 ex-,gov]nor ,j]ry ,br[n's rese>* director1 & ! presid5t ( ,tootsie ,rolls2 & /ill ano!r1 "s mon?s e>li]1 _h help$ /udy ,b>ney ,cl>k1 ! fir/ man ) an artificial he>t4 ,a ,kaypro 9 ! ,midwe/ 0 track+ some?+ else1 ! milk & manure output ( c[s4 ,all ( u1 ,mondale's p1 ! o!rs1 & ,i1 _h b5efit$ f ! /ruggle betwe5 ,adam ,osborne & ,&y ,kay4 ,osborne1 a bra% ex-columni/ = comput] magaz9es1 _h m>ket$ ! fir/ mass-produc$ portable comput]4 ,&y ,kay _h soon foll[$ ) ! ,kaypro4 ,adam ,osborne 0 a d>k-hair$1 mu/a*$ man 9 8 =ties :o enjoy$ tot+ 8 product )9 sight ( photograph]s4 ,8 fa!r1 a ,briti% mission>y ( unconv5tional /ripe1 _h tri$ to conv]t ,*ri/ians to ,h9duism4 ,nor did ! y\ng] ,osborne himself bl5d into ! cr[d2 he f\nd$ 8 comput] company 9 #aiha & 0 soon comp>+ himself to ,h5ry ,=d & ! ,osborne #a to ! ,model ,t4 8,i give y10 he said1 8n9ety p]c5t ( :at mo/ p ne$40 ,8 rival1 ,kay1 0 %ort]1 ab\t five feet sev5 in*es1 b also slim2 l ,osborne1 he _h /udi$ *emical eng9e]+ & 0 a mav]ick & newcom] 9 ! p]sonal-comput] bus9ess4 ,!re1 h[ev]1 ! resemblances end$4 ,kay 0 s(t-spok51 gray+1 an old electronics h&2 8 fri5ds depict$ him z a quality-obsess$ eng9e] & ,osborne z a fla%y m>ket+ man4 ,!y said ,osborne _h seem$ te*nically incapable ( mak+ a good portable ) a n9e-in* scre54 ,adam ,osborne1 9 turn1 spoke ( ,kay's comput] z if he 7 a f\r-hundr$-p\nd wre/l] =eca/+ an in/ant demise = a foe3 8,! ,kaypro's gonna die40#g ,footnote #g3 8,gonna die0 is f ,popul> ,comput+4 ,! ,osborne /atem5ts come f (t-repeat$ /atem5ts to newspap]s or f magaz9es4 8,mr4 ,osborne10 an aide said :5 ,i reveal$ t ?is *apt] 0 on ,br& ,x1 8does n want to discuss ! ,kaypro40 ,&y ,kay himself did n speak to me 9 a normal int]view4 ,8 lit]>y ag5t-fri5d1 ,william ,glad/one1 fe>$ t x might conflict ) a project ( _! own1 & ,glad/one s\ght to d5y me own]%ip ( quot$ mat]ial4 ,normally ,i w\ld h told him to /uff x1 b ,i ne$$ ! "r quotes to tell ! full /ory ( my comput]4 ,s ,glad/one & ,i work$ out a compromise4 ,aft] ,i s5t ?\s&s ( words ( que/ions via my ,kaypro ov] ! phone l9es1 he obta9$ ,kay's replies on tape4 ,i submitt$ foll[-up qu]ies :5 ,kay's answ]s did n satisfy me4 ,glad/one insi/$ on read+ ?is *apt] = accuracy b nev] tri$ to c5sor me2 9 fact1 he 0 helpful & pleasant to deal )4 ,he ev5 br\ght ?is manuscript to ! att5tion ( a publi%] he knew 7al?\gh ,i plac$ x ?r\gh my ag5ts74 ,glad/one's help1 incid5tally1 didn't influ5ce my p]ception ( ! ,kaypro ,,ii z bett] ?an ! ar*rival ,osborne4 ,i b\ght a ,kaypro at a "t :5 8,william ,glad/one0 0 no?+ m to me ?an ! "n ( a n9ete5?-c5tury ,engli% /atesman2 ,i already lov$ ! company's product4 ,j ! same1 det]m9$ n to write an ext5d$ press release1 ,i've consult$ ) ! corporation's critics1 & ,i h run ?is *apt] pa/ a ,san ,diego ,union report] nam$ ,dan ,b]g]1 :o expos$ "s ( ,kaypro's less admirable managem5t practices4 ,i'm z grateful to ,dan z to ,bill4 ,! comput] magaz9es _h portray$ ,osborne z a lone mav]ick tak+ on ! ,silicon ,valley e/abli%m5t ) ! portable t ! re/ ( ! indu/ry said c\ldn't be built4 ,b ,kay claim$ a simil> idea _h hit him at ! same "t4 ,&y ,kay _h se5 8 son-9-law /ruggl+ to c>ry an ,apple & its trimm+s betwe5 home & (fice & decid$ t a m>ket might exi/ = a small ma*9e = eng9e]s1 ar*itects1 & o!r pr(essionals4 ,!n1 ,kay said1 he _h he>d ( ! ,osborne4 ,modify+ _! orig9al plans some:at1 8 p at ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems _h hom$ 9 on _! rival's weaknesses1 giv+ _! own comput] a bett] scre5 & a bett] keybo>d & ! ability to /ore m data4 ,adam ,osborne _h /ruck back ) a jazz$-up v]sion ( 8 fir/ ma*9e4 ,by #aihc1 _m o!r companies 7 9 ! fray1 includ+ ,seequa ,comput] ,corporation1 a ,m>yl& manufactur] ^: comput] sold = less ?an #b1jjj & ran mo/ ,,ibm-/yle programs4 ,9 mid-#aihc an indu/ry exp]t 0 say+ ,kay & ,osborne might toge!r enjoy #bjj million a ye> 9 micro sales at ! retail level4 ,t 0 j a fraction ( ! #e-;billion-a-ye> m>ket = bus9ess micros1 b ! two firms !n seem$ ! l>ge/ mak]s ( portables 9 ! #a1jjj-b1jjj range4#h ,_! fight 0 pivotal4 ,l9es 7 fuzz+ betwe5 economy bus9ess comput]s & ! home ma*9es2 ! w9n] ( ! portable battle might g on to fight ,apple & ,,ibm1 provid$ x surviv$ ! onslaught ( #a1jjj comput]s t ,japan 0 expect$ to unlea%4 ,by ! end ( ! decade1 p[]ful portables ) a qu>t] ! bulk ( ! ,kaypro ,,ii might jam ! %elves ( ! disc\nt /ores4 ,footnote #h3 ,! #bjj-million & #e-;billion e/imates came to me f ,*ris ,*ri/ians5 ( ! ,yankee ,gr\p1 :o said ! latt] figure might be v cons]vative4 ,info,world quot$ ano!r rese>* firm1 ,info,corp1 z say+ t #ebg1jjj portable comput]s 7 sold 9 #aihb--;& t #e4a million w\ld be sold by #aihg4 ,kay wag$ 8 m>ket+ w> f sev]al hillside build+s 9 ,solana ,bea*1 a small t[n ne> ,san ,diego1 hundr$s ( miles s\? ( ,osborne & ! re/ ( ,silicon ,valley4 ,8 0 a family bus9ess4 ,kay's p]sonal h\sekeep] s]v$ salads & fruit juice 9 ! corporate lun* room1 & 8 eighty-six-ye>-old fa!r1 kn[n ar\nd ! plant z 8,gr&pa10 repair$ electronic equipm5t & ran a =klift4 ,&y ,kay's wife 0 secret>y ( ! company4 ,"o son1 ,david1 0 ! vice-presid5t = m>ket+ & _h help$ develop ! ,kaypro2 a second son work$ 9 p]sonnel1 & a ?ird ran ! pr9t %op2 & ,&y ,kay's daught] & h] husb& _h design$ ! build+s--:i* 7 n[ ! same light blue z ! 8,,kaypro ,,ii0 lett]+ on ! comput]4 ,altoge!r1 "s #dej p work$ = ,kay's company by mid-#aihc4 ,t 0 m ?an twice ! numb] a ye> e>li] :5 ! ,kaypro ,,ii 0 j hitt+ ! m>ket & ,kay 0 c\nt+ on a m]e #aj million 9 sales4 ,bulldoz]s 7 gr[l+ away amid ! expansion1 & ! company newspap] said equipm5t-clutt]$ gr\nds resembl$ a sc5e f a bad disa/] movie4 ,no long] 0 ,kay a semiobscure mak] ( voltmet]s & oscilloscopes & o!r te/ equipm5t4 ,sales1 once #d or #e million annually1 7 b>rel+ along t[>d #ajj million4 ,ev5 8 company "n soon *ang$--f ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems to ,kaypro--9 recognition ( ! success ( ! division mak+ 8 hot new comput]4 ,wall ,/reet & ,&y ,kay 7 gett+ to "k ea* o!r4 ,t summ] f\r million %>es ( common /ock hit ! m>ket at #aj ea*2 & ! prospectus said ,ar?ur ,b4 ,laff]1 ! 8,laff] ,curve0 economi/1 w\ld s]ve on ! bo>d ( directors4 ,kay /ill own$ mo/ ( ! company p]sonally4 ,& n[1 ) ! new money1 he c\ld give ,,ibm & ,apple a bett] fight4 8,aft] #cj ye>s 9 bus9ess10 ,san ,diego ,magaz9e _h said1 8he's sudd5ly ! new kid on ! block1 clut*+ "u 8 arms a c\ple ( excell5t bags ( m>bles40#i ,footnote #i3 ,! ,san ,diego ,magaz9e article appe>$ 9 ,may #aihc4 ,be=e ! ,kaypro1 ,kay hadn't exactly be5 on ! v]ge ( />vation--he own$ an art-fill$ home ov]look+ ! ,pacific & gave to ! local symphony & o!r cultural causes--b n[ he'd rea*$ ! po9t :]e 8 admir]s 7 depict+ him z a silicon-age ,horatio ,alg] "*4 ,t's a little exagg]at$4 ,kay1 ?\gh poor 9 8 ,new ,j]sey days1 0 nev] an orphan$ newsboy t\gh+ x alone4 8,gr&pa0 prodd$ ,&y4 ,frank ,kopis*iansky--an ,ea/]n ,european immigrant & an ex-coal m9]--work$ 9 silk mills & wool factories & z a *auffeur4 ,frank _h come to ! ,unit$ ,/ates f :at is n[ ,pol&4 ,&y ,kopis*iansky w\ld lat] become ,&y ,kay aft] 8 orig9al "n baffl$ "s colleagues at "w & !y kept call+ him 8,kay0 = %ort4 ,! ,kopis*iansky home lack$ a ba?tub4 8,b10 ,&y recall$1 8we always _h food1 & ,i always _h a nickel 9 my pocket40 ,frank enjoy$ fix+ brok5-d[n c>s & t9k]+ ) electrical equipm5t1 & ,&y himself built a %ortwave radio :5 he 0 only twelve ye>s old4 ,ma? 0 ano!r love4 ,&y ev5 consid]$ a c>e] z an actu>y aft] ,prud5tial ,life told him he c\ld ev5tually make #ae1jjj a ye>4 8,i flipp$ out10 ,&y said1 8because x 0 a lot ( money 9 #aice40 ,frank %rugg$ (f ! #ae1jjj1 h[ev]4 8,t's n v mu*10 he said4 ,! words1 incr$ibly1 came f a man :o seldom made m ?an #a1jjj a ye> dur+ ,&y's y\? & :o sometimes e>n$ j #ae a week4 ,&y1 gr[+ up 9 ,clifton1 ,new ,j]sey1 took x = grant$ he c\ld nev] af=d college1 b !n ! lett]s ,m4,i4,t4 came up 9 a draft+ class4 8,:at's t80 ,&y ask$4 8,i've nev] he>d ( ! place40 ,frank _h lo/ mo/ ( 8 sav+s 9 a bank cra%1 b 8 wife someh[ scrap$ up en\gh money to help ,&y rea* ,m4,i4,t4 on a p>tial s*ol>%ip4 ,&y graduat$ 9 #aidj ) a ba*elors degree 9 *emical eng9e]+1 ma!matics1 & prem$ic9e & work$ = ! ,b5dix ,corporation & sev]al o!r companies be=e f\nd+ ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems 9 #aiec4 ,kay rea*$ ,cali=nia ?r\gh a job1 al?\gh = ye>s he'd be5 hop+ to enjoy ! w>m climate !re4 ,he />t$ 8 company 9 ,solana ,bea* r ?an ,silicon ,valley because he 0 already work+ 9 ! area4 ,osborne himself w\ld f\nd 8 own firm :ile liv+ 9 ,b]keley--he'd locate x 9 ,hayw>d1 a m$ium-siz$ city )9 tw5ty miles ( ! ,valley prop]1 ! ,palo ,alto-,san ,jose area s\!a/ ( ,san ,francisco4 ,= ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems ,kay develop$ ! _w's fir/ comm]cially successful digital voltmet]4 ,x 0 ! result ( "s memories f ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 :5 unskill$ work]s 7 con/antly damag+ voltmet]s & hav+ tr\ble read+ !m accurately4 ,kay's new ma*9e easily surviv$ ! c>eless4 ,! in/rum5t display$ numb]s & didn't require work]s to make a read+ (f ! ?9 ne$le ( a conv5tional met] adju/$ = ! "r voltage4 8,i don't look at myself p>ticul>ly z an inv5tor10 ,kay said4 8,i'm a solv] ( problems4 ,!re are inv5tors :o h _m1 _m m ideas ?an ,i get40 ,in/ead1 he tri$ to ref9e ideas 9 8ways t make s5se f an indu/rial-eng9e]+ /&po9t & a cu/om] /&po9t40 ,kay's digital voltmet] 0 p]fect = ! milit>y & = ! ,national ,a]onautics & ,space ,adm9i/ration 7,,nasa7 & _! contractors2 unskill$ p c\ld help te/ ?\s&s ( voltages on ,am]ican missiles4 8,! silos are full ( our in/rum5ts10 he said4 ,b ! ,,nasa cutbacks ( ! ,nixon era hit ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems h>d4 8,! sev5 vice-presid5ts w5t10 recall$ a trade publication1 8z did _! :ite ,cadillacs40 ,frank ,kopis*iansky 0 will+ to help see ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems ?r\gh bad times1 loan+ ?\s&s ( doll>s ( pa9fully sav$ money4 ,b t 0 h>dly en\gh to su/a9 a corporation4 ,:at ab\t ! future8 ,h[ to avoid ! boom-&-bu/ cycle ( gov]nm5t sp5d+8 ,kay decid$ to c>ve out a ni*e z a mak] ( rugg$ portable te/ ge> = private indu/ry4 ,he want$ to (f] _m ( ! same wr9kles f\nd 9 co/ly1 b5*-b\nd equipm5t1 & "o ( ^? features 0 a microprocessor 9 a voltmet]3 a m9iature electronic bra9 t w\ld make x easi] to use4 ,! idea came f an old fri5d1 ,bill ,mc,donald1 :om ,kay _h met decades e>li] at ,m4,i4,t4 ,_! gym lock]s 7 next to ea* o!r's !re2 bo? m5 _h lov$ h&ball & hat$ team sports4 ,mc,donald1 a husky man ( basketball-play] height1 _h work$ = ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems 9 ! e>ly #aiejs1 !n _h return$ ,ea/1 :]e he _h acquir$ a comput] backgr\nd4 ,!n1 9 ! late #aigjs1 he'd rejo9$ ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems1 :]e 8 fri5d ,kay hop$ he w\ld help develop a comput]4 ,correctly or n1 ,kay believ$ t 8n9ety p]c5t ( ! electronics bus9ess 0 comput] & t5 p]c5t 0 te/ equipm5t1 hi-fi1 /]eo1 & /uff l t40 ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems _h (f]$ o!r companies' m9icomput]s 9 sy/ems x packag$ = milit>y contractors1 b /ill wasn't mak+ ma*9es ( its own4 ,maybe a small bus9ess ma*9e w\ld be "o way to ent] comput]dom4 8,two mon?s aft] ,bill came to "w = me10 ,kay recall$1 8he %[$ me "s microprocessor-bas$ comput]s = do+ acc\nts payable-receivable at ! local comput] deal]'s place4 8,!y 7 v reasonable1 s ,i b\ght "s & 0 v intrigu$ ) !m4 ,& ,i wond]$3 #8,:y n make ?is /uff8 ,i c\ld make a bett] disk drive4 ,& look at ?is3 ?is connector doesn't "w too well4' ,& ,bill said1 #8,we c\ld make !m1 all "r1 b ,i don't "k :]e y'd sell !m4' ,?is 0 9 late #aigi4 ,i said okay & dropp$ ! idea40 ,two ye>s lat]1 h[ev]1 ,kay wat*$ 8 ar*itect son-9-law1 ,mi*ael ,batt]1 /ruggl+ ) an ,apple & knew ! "t 0 ripe = an easi]-to-tote portable4 ,kay tri$ ,visi,calc1 ! electronic spread%eet1 on ! ,apple & came away ?9k+ ! ma*9e 0 too complicat$1 beyond be+ a hassle to move f home to (fice4 ,s ,kay told ,bill ,mc,donald1 8,li/51 we're sell+ in/rum5ts to eng9e]s4 ,let's make a comput] t we c walk 9 to an eng9e] & set on 8 desk & say1 #8,hey1 look at ?is4 ,y c use x4'0 ,/ill1 ,kay worri$ ab\t ! new te*nology4 8,x's a fairly /yliz$ dance10 ,mc,donald reassur$ him 9 spr+ #aiha4 8,y buy ! *ips1 & !re is black magic 9 gett+ !m to "w--b n 9 h[ !y "w40 8,okay10 came ! reply1 8t's x4 ,we'll get rid ( ! disadvantages ( ! ,apple & cram our comput] into "o box )\t cables all ov] ! place40 ,9 ads ! ,apple look$ incr$ibly compact4 ,actually1 ?\gh1 s]i\s comput] us]s ne$$ disk drives to /ore l>ge am\nts ( in=mation = quick retrieval4 ,!y also ne$$ a ,,tv-l monitor to see ! lett]s & numb]s !y typ$ out on ! comput]4 ,& ,kay wisely want$ ev]y?+ squeez$ into "o box4 ,if y b\ght 8 ma*9e1 y'd get ! :ole works except p]haps = ! pr9t]1 :i* spew$ out y\r calculations or typ$ up y\r lett]4 ,also1 x w\ld co/ y less ?an a full ,apple sy/em4 ,kay c\ld br+ d[n ! co/ ( a complete ma*9e if he plann$ on e comput] be+ "o4 ,all ?is 0 ! logical culm9ation ( ,kay's skill 9 %r9k+ ge> = ! milit>y & a]ospace indu/ry4 ,= ye>s he _h be5 mak+ pr9t$ circuit bo>ds & fill+ !m ) compon5ts4 ,& he c\ld ord] ! disk drives1 keybo>ds1 & o!r special comput]-type p>ts f outside suppli]s4 ,! way ,kay tells x1 he _h no idea--at fir/--t he 0 ab\t to take on ,adam ,osborne4 8,x 0 six mon?s10 he said1 8be=e we ev] saw ,osborne's lit]ature4 ,he introduc$ 8 comput] 9 ,m>* #aiha1 b ,i didn't "k any?+ ab\t x40 ,"s w\ld "q t /atem5t1 ( c\rse1 giv5 ! novelty ( ! ,osborne #a & its creator's flair = publicity4 ,:atev] happ5$--) ,osborne 9 m9d or n--,kay select$ ! same basic te*nology & ess5tially simil> p>ts4 ,a ,z#hj-,/yle ,microprocessor ,a microprocessor is simply ! ma9 bra9s t tie toge!r ! memory devices1 ! keybo>d1 & o!r p>ts ( ! comput]4 ,y c also call x a c5tral process+ unit 7,,cpu74 ,okay1 b :y a ,z#hj 9 ! ,kaypro8 ,t's simply a /yle ( *ip f a company call$ ,zilog4 8,y c\ld buy ^? all ov] ! place10 ,kay said4 8,we want$ some?+ prov5 & reliable40 ,! ,z#hj 0 ! only k9d ( ,,cpu t c\ld run ,,cp_/,m 7,control ,program = ,microcomput]s7-/yle programs1 !n an indu/ry /&>d4 ,! ,z#hj1 ?\gh1 c't h&le programs z complicat$ z ! new] #hjhh *ip t end$ up 9 ,,ibm ,p,cs & c\ntless clones4 ,"h's :y4 ,a bit is a 8#a0 or a 8#j40 ,patt]ns ( bits =m bytes4 ,& :at's a byte8 ,no?+ m ?an a lett] or numb]4 ,s h[ does ?is tie 9 ) ! e>ly ,kaypro's ,z#hj v]sus ! ,,ibm's #hjhh8 ,well1 ! ,z#hj processes in=mation 9 words ( only #h bits at a "t4 ,! #hjhh 9 ! ,,ibm1 h[ev]1 gulps x d[n 9 #af-;bit *unks & works ) l>g] memories--s t ! ,,ibm c run m complicat$ programs1 l ! m elaborate electronic spread%eets = =eca/+ pr(it & loss4 ,!re's ano!r b5efit1 too4 ,a #af-;bitt] doesn't ne$ to call up programm+ in=mation z (t5 f ! sp9n+ floppy disks1 :i* are sl[] ?an ! purely electronic memories4 ,! ,kaypro ,,ii1 h[ev]1 won't imm$iately become a has-bit--er1 has-be54 8,conv]t+ ! ,kaypro to a #af-;bit ma*9e is no big deal10 ,kay obs]v$4 ,9 fact1 sev]al mon?s aft] he said x1 8 company ann\nc$ a comput] call$ ! ,kaypro ,,ii ,plus #hh ) bo? ! #h-;bit ,z#hj & ! #af-;bit #hjhh4 ,x c\ldn't run all ,,ibm programs1 especially ^? boa/+ graphics or pictures z well z words & numb]s4 ,"h1 z 9 _m cases1 ! t]m 8,,ibm compatible0 is grossly mislead+4 ,!re are degrees ( compatibility1 & ev5 if a comput] suppos$ly uses ! same /yle ( floppy disks1 y mu/ te/ x ) ! program y want to run4 7,_m comput] aficionados te/ = g5]al ,,ibm compatibility by runn+ a game call$ ,flight ,simulator1 or ,lotus #a-b-c1 a program comb9+ a spread%eet ) graphics & sev]al o!r capabilities47 ,"s exi/+ programs1 by ! way1 are configur$ s t x doesn't matt] mu* :e!r y're runn+ ! #h- or #af-;bit v]sion4 ,t w *ange z special programs come out = ! #af-;bit ma*9es & z old ones1 l ,word,star1 beg9 to take full advantage ( #af-;bit capabilities4 ,already ,apple & o!r companies are writ+ new s(tw>e = comput]s l ! ,mac9to%1 :i*1 if n univ]sally reg>d$ z a true #cb-;bit ma*9e1 conta9s *ips fa/] ?an ! ,,ibm's #hjhh4 ,= _m small bus9esses1 h[ev]1 #h bits may be p[]ful en\gh ev5 = numb] crun*+ z long z ! "r programs are available4 ,! wisdom 9 ! micro bus9ess is t no ma*9e is ev] obsolete--j s x does ! job = y4 #fd,k ,r&om-,access ,memory 7,,ram7 ,,ram1 once ! p[] goes (f1 w ?r[ out ev]y?+ y've typ$4 ,?is tempor>y comput] memory1 ?is electronic scrat*pad1 is l a bright /ud5t cramm+ = a quiz 9 a useless subject3 he's a quick le>n]--& a quick =gett]4 ,don't confuse ,,ram ) ,,rom1 or read-only memory4 ,r,o,ms keep rememb]+ ev5 aft] ! p[] goes (f4 ,b y c't 8write0 new mat]ial on !m2 commonly1 ,r,o,ms /ore programs us$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,:at ab\t ! ,,ram1 ?\gh8 ,h[ to get ar\nd ! =gett+8 ,y j transf] ! in=mation to floppy disks1 :i* are sl[] b z /able z a music cassette4 ,diff]5t comput]s hold diff]5t am\nts ( in=mation 9 _! ,r,a,ms4 ,! ,kaypro ,,ii holds #fd,k2 ,k is normally a sci5tific abbreviation = #a1jjj4 ,s #fd,k /&s = a memory capacity ( ab\t #fd1jjj lett]s or numb]s4 ,no1 ,i won't mess ) ! te*nical explanation ( :y x isn't exactly #fd1jjj4 ,okay1 b :y #fd,k8 ,x's a magic numb] to ! comput]4 ,sixty-f\r ,k bytes is ! l>ge/ memory ) :i* ! ,z#hj & o!r #h-;bit microprocessors c easily communicate )\t too mu* te*nical trick]y4 ,also1 y ne$ at lea/ #fd,k to make good use ( "s popul> s(tw>e l ! ,word,star ^w-process+ program4 ,moreov]1 ! ,,ram mu/ be roomy en\gh to h&le electronic spread%eets4 ,mo/ small bus9esses w f9d t ! #fd,k ,kaypro c juggle ar\nd en\gh columns & r[s on ! %eets4 ,b 9 "s cases y may /ill want a micro ) #ejj,k or ev5 #a1jjj,k or m ( ,,ram4 ,to sum ?+s up1 t's because3 #a4 ,bigg] ,r,a,ms c "w ) m & l>g] numb]s--a h&y capability = a company ) extremely complicat$ spread%eets4 #b4 ,m ,,ram c accommodate programs m complicat$ = ! comput]4 ,note ! words 8= ! comput]40 ,"s ( ! programs mo/ complicat$ = ! comput] may be ! easie/ = y to use4 ,or !y may be ! mo/ v]satile4 ,lotus #a-b-c1 a comb9ation ( a spread%eet1 a graphics program1 & sev]al o!rs1 is f> too complex = an #h-;bit ma*9e ) #fd,k ,,ram4 ,_m #af-;bit programs require #aib,k or m j to load ! program be=e y ev5 put 9 y\r reports or spread%eets4 #c4 ,y may want ! mo/ sophi/icat$ s(tw>e to ?w>t comput] crooks4 ,t c\ld be p>ticul>ly true 9 a l>ge company :]e _m p c poke ?r\gh a comput]'s memory ei!r 9 p]son or via o!r ma*9es connect$ by phone or o!r wires4 ,nev] buy a comput] )\t see+ = y\rself t x & ! s(tw>e w toge!r s]ve y\r ne$s4 ,don't take ! sales rep's ^w4 ,in/ead1 make him or 8 s(tw>e speciali/ put ! ma*9e ?r\gh its paces4 ,d s ev5 if y're n buy+ s(tw>e at ! /ore4 ,( c\rse1 ! sales rep may n h access to ! s(tw>e1 9 :i* case y may want to visit ano!r /ore = a demo4 ,& if no "o c assure y1 no ifs or buts1 t ! comput]-s(tw>e combo works f9e8 ,!n y may want to hire a consultant4 ,use ( ,,cp_/,m ,s(tw>e ,,cp_/,m is a k9d ( op]at+ sy/em4 ,x tells a comput] h[ to d g>d5-v>iety jobs1 l mov+ data f a memory unit to "o t does ! ma*9e's electronic reason+4 ,,cp_/,m isn't ! only op]at+ sy/em t bus9ess microcomput]s use4 ,:5 ,i 0 writ+ ?is *apt]1 h[ev]1 x 0 "o ( ! m common1 ) v>iation pres5t on m ?an half a million comput]s4 ,a company call$ ,digital ,rese>* m>ket$ ,,cp_/,m1 sell+ to manufactur]s1 :i*1 9 turn1 didn't h to create _! own op]at+ sy/ems4 ,9 ! e>ly #aihjs1 ! big s(tw>e hits almo/ always came 9 ,,cp_/,m =mats4 8,we want$ to use ,,cp_/,m because #aj1jjj programs 7 available10 ,kay said4 ,!y 7 = comput]s ) #h bits1 n #af--;ano!r reason he made ! orig9al ,kaypro an #h-;bitt]4 8,if we'd us$ #af bits10 ,kay said ) un*>act]i/ic pr(anity1 8p w\ld h said1 #8,:]e ! hell's ! programs8' ,,ibm c\ld sell _! comput]s )\t programs1 :i* is :at !y did ess5tially & let ! programs come lat]40 ,9 contract+ s(tw>e design to outsid]s1 8,big ,blue10 z ,,ibm is call$1 0 defy+ its own tradition4 ,x hir$ ,micros(t--a ,wa%+ton ,/ate s(tw>e company head$ by a brilliant "y ,h>v>d drop\t--to create a :ole new op]at+ sy/em4 ,call$ ,,ms-,,dos1 ! sy/em w\ld become an indu/ry /&>d by #aihd4 ,& f ! />t1 indep5d5t s(tw>e h\ses hu/l$ to m>ket ,,ms-,,dos-/yle programs usable on ! hot new ma*9e = applications l ^w process+ & spread%eets4 ,! exi/+ ,,cp_/,m applications programs w\ldn't "w on an unmodifi$ ,,ibm ,p]sonal ,comput] unless ! programm]s conv]t$ !m to ,,ms-,,dos or ano!r compatible op]at+ sy/em4 #8,two-,disk ,!y're ! gizmos into :i* y ins]t ! floppy disks ?r\gh slots 9 ! comput]4 ,f ! outside a disk looks squ>e4 ,x's inside a conta9] t helps protect x f f+]pr9ts & o!r ?reats to ! pla/ic disk's magnetic coat+4 ,y c't cov] ! delicate disk completely1 ?\gh4 ,"s ( x mu/ t\* ! head ( a disk drive4 ,a head 8writes0 magnetic patt]ns on ! oxide coat+ ( a disk2 9 o!r words1 x /ores in=mation t y've typ$ into y\r comput] or ! results ( y\r calculations4 ,& to fet* ! in=mation8 ,!n y simply type out comm&s in/ruct+ ! head to 8read0 f ! disk to ! ,,ram4 ,x's mu* l a tape record] /or+ y\r voice magnetically4 ,b a disk drive c read or write in=mation mu* m rapidly ?an a tape-record]-/yle arrangem5t c\ld4 ,t's because ! disk sp9s s rapidly--hundr$s ( revolutions p] m9ute4 ,:y tw9 disk drives1 h[ev]8 ,!re are two reasons3 #a4 ,y c quickly make safety copies ( valuable disks--some?+ t's m ( a hassle ) s+le-drive comput]s l ! b>e-bon$ ,mac9to%4 #b4 ,y c m easily "w ) long electronic docum5ts4 ,) "o drive ,i'm /or+ ,word,star & a numb] ( o!r goodies t take up almo/ all ! space on ! floppy2 !re'd be h>dly any room = ! in=mation ,i'm typ+ out4 ,all ?is is happ5+ on my 8,a0 drive4 ,! 8,b0 drive is my data disk1 devot$ entirely to /orage ( my writ+4 ,i c easily squeeze ! equival5t ( ab\t fifty pages ( d\ble-spac$ typ+ ) ,word,star1 :i* is "o reason ,i b\ght a ,kaypro in/ead ( an ,osborne4 ,br& ,o's e>li] v]sions c\ld /ore only half t am\nt ( mat]ial4 ,be=e buy+ a comput]1 y %\ld always analyze y\r pap] records 9 t]ms ( 8,k40 ,ea* ,k /&s = #a1jbd *>act]s2 & t includes lett]s1 numb]s1 punctuation m>ks1 & spaces 9 betwe54 ,a d\ble-spac$ page ( typ+ might be #ff 7! numb] ( columns across ea* l9e7 #bh 7! numb] ( l9es71 or #a1hdh *>act]s4 ,b+o6 ,t's #a4h,k1 plus a little slack = safety4 ,s9ce ,&y ,kay all[$ #aia,k ( work+ space on ea* floppy1 ,i'd h en\gh room = a docum5t "s hundr$ pages long1 except t ,word,star makes an electronic c>bon copy = additional security4 ,s my actual work+ space is ar\nd #ej pages4 ,t's easily en\gh = ?is *apt] to fit on "o ( ! ,kaypro ,,ii's floppies4 ,& new] floppy disk drives c accommodate m ?an #b4e million bytes4 ,al?\gh ! ,osborne & ,kaypro bo? us$ tw9 drives1 !re 7 also major diff]5ces betwe5 ! two--beyond ! d\ble-d5sity feature t all[$ ,kay to squeeze twice z mu* mat]ial on ea* floppy4 ,osborne's fir/ comput]1 = example1 came ) only a five-in* monitor4 8,adequacy is suffici5t10 he once said4 8,all else is irrelevant40 ,x 0 a neat excuse = 8 e>ly ma*9e's limit$ disk space & = ! five-in*1 black-&-:ite scre51 :i* c\ld display only #eb columns & :i* wasn't z k9d to ! eyes z gre54 ,! production-model ,kaypro1 on ! o!r h&1 boa/$ a n9e-in*1 #hj-;column gre5 scre5 f ! />t4 ,& ! ,kaypro keybo>d made ! ,osborne bo>d seem flimsy4 8,i l some?+ ,i c feel :5 ,i'm press+ a lett] d[n10 said ,kim ,de,filippis1 a deal] relations woman :o 0 "o ( ! t\*-typi/s *os5 to try out diff]5t keybo>ds = ! new ma*9e4 8,! bo>d doesn't feel l "o on a comput]4 ,x feels l a typewrit]40 ,& ! keys1 unlike ! ,osborne's1 7 9 all ! "r places = p wean$ on ,selectrics4 ,kay _h us$ ! same ,tiffany-quality keybo>d f\nd on comput] t]m9als co/+ ?\s&s ( doll>s m ?an 8 economy ma*9e4 ,kay1 moreov]1 _h giv5 8 ,kaypro a metal case unlike ! pla/ic "o ( ! ,osborne4 ,metal disp]s$ heat bett]1 & t meant t ! p>ts might la/ long] ?an ^? 9 ! e>ly ,osbornes4 ,br& ,o t5d$ to ov]heat floppy disks4 ,recall+ t ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems made te/ in/rum5ts1 h[ev]1 "o review] gib$ t ! metal case betray$ ! ,kaypro's h]itage4 ,i didn't c>e4 ,! ,kaypro rem9d$ me ( old ,hea?kits1 ( smoky sold]+ irons1 ( crisp1 cold ev5+s 9 my y\? :5 ,i'd li/5$ ?r\gh ! /atic = ! :i/l+ dots & da%es f my fell[ hams4 ,b _m p %rugg$ (f ! ,kaypro's appe>ance z unpr(essional1 & s ,i ask$ ab\t ! case4 ,kay said its cont5ts dictat$ ! %ape4 8,unless we creat$ air space & made x l>g]10 he said1 8we c\ldn't h made ! %ape mu* diff]5t40 ,a hood %ad$ ! ,kaypro's ca?ode ray tube 7,,crt2 ! ,,tv-l scre574 ,& z x turn$ out1 t mat*$ ! com=table slope ( ! keybo>d t atta*$ to ! front ( ! ma*9e = c>ry+4 ,i notic$ only a few adornm5ts add$ = buy]s' eyes4 ,"o 0 ! blue 8,,kaypro ,,ii0 lett]+ on ! case & ! /ripes on x & ! keybo>d2 ano!r 0 ! blue color ( ! keys on ! calculatorlike numb]s pad4 ,no1 y c\ldn't mi/ake ! ,kaypro = a ,gucci creation4 ,& yet1 z good1 functional design1 ! ,kaypro succe$$3 at lea/ "o o!r portable appe>$ 9 a %>p-edg$ metal box4 ,! location ( my ,kaypro's two disk drives1 to ! "r ( ! ,,crt1 0 especially logical4 ,kay & 8 eng9e]s want$ !m well sep>at$ f a high-voltage trans=m] on ! left--an electrical compon5t t 0 "p ( ! video circuitry & ^: magnetic radiation c\ld int]f]e ) ! op]ation ( ! drives4 ,bill ,mc,donald not$ ! ,osborne disks 7 on ei!r side ( ! tube4 ,circuitry = a n9e-in* tube produc$ m electronic noise ?an t giv5 (f by a five-in*]4 ,& ,mc,donald speculat$ t ?is 0 "o reason ,osborne _h to make d ) ! small] size4 ,inside ! ,kaypro1 atop ! pr9t$ circuit bo>ds1 y saw integrat$ circuits ) leglike leads ( ! k9d t "o writ] comp>$ to cat]pill>s4 ,y f\nd some:at simil> look+ p>ts inside ! ,osborne4 ,b !re 0 a diff]5ce4 8,oh1 my ,god10 said ,mi*ael ,pond1 own] ( a ,wa%+ton-area ,kaypro deal]%ip1 ! ,comput] ,%oppe1 8once y take ! cov] (f ! ,osborne1 ev]y?+ sort ( falls ap>t 9 y\r h&4 ,x's held toge!r by ! wir+ h>ness4 ,x's l a jellyfi%40 ,t may h be5 a bit (f t>get4 ,*ris ,*ri/ians51 h[ev]1 a comput] analy/ ) ! ,yankee ,gr\p1 a high-te* m>ket+ rese>* firm1 comp>$ ! ,osborne to a ,*9ese puzzle & said an ,osborne us] 89 ! next (fice gets v n]v\s :5 ,i come ar\nd ) a screwdriv]40 ,by contra/ ! ,kaypro look$ em95tly repairable4 8,:5 y take "o "p ( ! ma*9e (f10 ,pond said1 8! re/ ( ! ma*9e doesn't fall ap>t40 ,&y ,kay's p _h divid$ up ! circuitry into sev]al modules t repairm5 c\ld remove easily4 ,8 comput] _h f> few] *ips ?an ! old ,apple ,,ii4 ,& ) few] *ips1 repair p m (t5 c\ld locate glit*es by replac+ v>i\s p>ts until ! ma*9e 0 work+ aga94 ,fondly1 ,pond said ! ,kaypro ,,ii 0 8ov]-eng9e]$10 l an e>ly-model ,volvo4 8,well10 y're wond]+1 8:at ab\t ! ,kaypro ,i80 ,x nev] exi/$ except z a prototype4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,,ii didn't hurt ,kay's ef=ts to conv9ce buy]s t he _h "o up on ,osborne4 ,! prototype's scre5 0 betwe5 ! disk drives1 int]f]+ ) !m1 & ano!r flaw became cle>3 ! %ortness ( ! cable betwe5 ! keybo>d & ! ma9 unit4 ,bill ,mc,donald 0 worri$4 ,suppose a cu/om] cru%$ a f+] :ile wre/l+ ) ! little cable8 ,:y n h+e ! keybo>d to ! tw5ty-p\nd console8 ,& t's h[ ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems inde$ built ! prototype4 ,b ,mc,donald /ill frett$ t someone might undo ! lat*es2 & s1 driv5 by fe> ( a lawsuit f a klutzy ,kaypro own]1 ! eng9e]s r$esign$ ! comput] to accommodate a coil$ cord sev]al feet long4 ,altoge!r1 ,&y ,kay's p sp5t only a ye> & less ?an half a million doll>s develop+ ! ,kaypro ,,ii4 8,aft] we'd be5 at x eight or n9e mon?s10 he said1 8someone br\ght 9 "s lit]ature f ,osborne1 :o _h j ann\nc$ 8 portable comput]4 ,i said1 #8,oh1 oh1 somebody beat me to ! pun*4' ,b ,i saw he _h a diff]5t idea 9 m9d--a small] scre51 pla/ic case1 diff]5t m>ket40#aj ,! words 8diff]5t m>ket0 are m ?an a little (f m>k4 ,&y ,kay1 l x or n1 0 9 direct competition ) ,osborne4 ,kay might sell 8 comput]s at indep5d5t /ores r ?an at ! ,computer,lands & ,se>s /ores :]e _m ( ,osborne's ma*9es end$ up4 ,b at meet+s ( ,kaypro own]s & 8,ozzies10 ,i f\nd ! same hodgepodge ( small-bus9ess p & pr(essionals4 ,footnote #aj3 ,san ,diego is ! s\rce ( ! 8,aft] we'd be5 at x eight or n9e mon?s0 quote4 ,he>+ ( ,osborne1 ,kay actually 0 grateful 9 a s5se4 8,:5 he />t$ tell+ ! _w ab\t h[ _m ord]s he's got1 ,i said1 #8,well1 if he's gett+ all ^! ord]s1 ,i'll />t mak+ m ( !m4'0 ,kay us$ an electronic spread%eet on 8 newly develop$ comput] to =eca/ its sales4 ,! ,kaypro ,,ii _h bett] succe$1 s9ce ! half million 9 exp5ses didn't include m>ket+ co/s & miscellane\s ones su* z manuals--ano!r million altoge!r4 ,kay1 h[ev]1 said ! high-int]e/ loans = ! project 8nev] really bo!r$ me t mu*4 ,i felt confid5t ( gett+ x done4 ,9 "o s5se ,i place v little value on money4 ,my wife1 ,m>y1 is q diff]5t4 ,%e said1 #8,y'll lose y\r money4' ,%e 0 secret>y ( ! company4 ,%e _h to sign mortgages on our home t we _h paid =1 prop]ty we own$1 ! plant site4 ,x 0 a heavy burd5 = h]4 ,if y're 9 an airplane or c>1 go+ up a w9d+ road on a m\nta91 ! fell[ :o's driv+ isn't z n]v\s z if someone else is driv+4 ,i 0 involv$ 9 gett+ x done4 ,%e 0 on ! sidel9es worry+ ab\t x40 ,! ,kaycomp--t 0 ! orig9al "n be=e ! ,kays *ang$ x because x resembl$ ano!r comput] firm's--fir/ w5t public at a ,san ,francisco comput] fair 9 ,m>* #aihb4 ,j a r\t9e item appe>$ 9 ,byte1 ! phone-book-siz$ microcomput] magaz9e4 ,i wond]$ :y4 ,maybe x 0 because ,&y ,kay's te*nology wasn't new1 m]ely good repackag+1 & he wasn't sell+ himself z ,god or ,h5ry ,=d4 ,b deal]s at comput] %[s 7 rav+4 ,! ,kaypro's sugge/$ retail price 0 #a1gie1 ! same z ! ,osborne's1 & ,kay1 too1 ?rew 9 s(tw>e3 a ^w processor1 an electronic spread%eet1 & o!r programs t c\ld h co/ m ?an #a1jjj if pur*as$ individually4 ,kay 0 sm>t4 ,osborne _h pione]$ by includ+ bus9ess s(tw>e = 8free0 ) an economy-pric$ ma*9e1 & n[ ,kay mu/ foll[ ) its own 8bundl$0 programs4 8,has ,cat* #bb's ,milo ,m9d]b9d]1 ,_w ,w> ,,ii's greate/ :eel]-deal]1 hir$ on z a s(tw>e buy] at ,,nls80 ,san ,diego m>vel$4 8,y don't ?9k t took a lot ( "t to put toge!r80 ,kay said4 8,we pur*as$ "s s(tw>e outright & pay royalties = "s40#aa ,footnote #aa3 ,san ,diego conta9s ! quote on s(tw>e pur*ases & royalties4 ,by mid-#aihb1 cu/om]s & deal]s _h plac$ sev]al ?\s& advanc$ ord]s4 ,kay's production l9es crank$ up1 ?\gh ! pace 0 sl[ at fir/ z 8 p se>*$ = bugs4 ,!y did n always /amp !m out4 ,a disk drive on my ,s]ial #cjhc1 la/$ only a ye>2 my w>ranty 0 = ! indu/ry's usual n9ety days4 ,moreov]1 despite visits to sev]al deal]s1 my comput] /ill /reak$ lightly across ! scre5 :5 ,i typ$1 & f9ally ,i _h to h ! monitor replac$4 ,b ! view easily beat ! ,osborne's4 ,& lat]1 modify+ ! circuitry & position+ ! disk drives horizontally in/ead ( v]tically1 ,kay end$ ! /reaks on new units4 8,9 an em]g5cy ,i get all ! s5ior eng9e]s on ! job10 he said4 8,we don't let problems g on l old man riv]40 ,&y ,kay rew>d$ 8 top problem solv]s ) b5efits l /ock options1 & ! /ock (f]+ prospectus f ,prud5tial-,ba*e ,securities anticipat$ t 9 #aihc ,kay himself w\ld e>n #ahg1jjj 9 sal>y1 bonuses1 & o!r remun]ation4 ,n ev]yone f>$ s well2 ,kay said 8 labor co/s 7 half ^? ( competitors4 8,! wages on ! l9e are s l[10 quipp$ a disgruntl$ ex-employee1 8,i'd call !m s\? ( ! bord]40 ,kaypro 0 typical ( _m high-te* companies2 ! production work]s 7 ma9ly wom51 _m ( !m =eign born1 "s ( !m incapable ( speak+ ,engli%1 all ( !m nonunion4 ,adam ,osborne1 too1 tri$ to cut labor co/s to ! bone4 ,& ,at>i _h laid (f scores ( ,am]icans & f>m$ out jobs to *eap] labor abroad1 r$d5+ ! faces ( ! politicians kn[n z 8,at>i ,democrats0 :o believ$ t high te* c\ld fight unemploym5t4 ,reg>dless ( ! l[ wages1 ,kay's own company at lea/ appe>$ to be ! anti!sis ( a sweat%op4 ,8 hillside build+s didn't look l normal factories2 !y 7 long & n>r[1 well w9d[$1 split into small rooms )\t ! racket ( me*aniz$ production l9es4 ,kay describ$ 8 work]s z 8always mov+1 int]act+ con/antly4 ,if "o piece is miss+1 !y "w ar\nd t4 ,if "o p]son is sl[ because he happ5s to be new1 !y "w ar\nd him & help him out4 ,x's exactly ! same approa* we us$ = /uff+ pr9t$ circuit bo>ds on ! voltmet]s4 ,x uses ! lea/ am\nt ( capital equipm5t1 & x's ! easie/ on ! assembl]s1 because !y ar5't j sitt+ or /&+ 9 "o spot40 ,lack+ a conv5tional assembly l9e1 ,kay said he ne$$ few mid-level manag]s2 & ev5 aft] ,kay w5t public1 he /ill hat$ to br+ 9 ,m,b,as4 ,manag]s built empires4 ,!y feud$4 ,!y got 9 produc]s' way4 ,t 0 h[ ,kay felt1 app>5tly--a legacy ( ! #aifjs :5 ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems _h splurg$ ?\s&s on ^? sev5 vice-presid5ts & _! :ite ,cadillacs4 ,b "s practices f ! g-g ye>s l+]$4 ,"o1 said ,kay1 0 p>ticipative managem5t1 ! philosophy t _h l$ to ! =mation ( ^? small1 fri5dly assembly teams4 ,! atmosph]e ar\nd ! plant 0 in=mal4 8,we h v few writt5 policies on any?+10 he said4 ,no dress code exi/$1 save = an in=mal ban on attire l %ort %orts--a policy b5t to accommodate work]s :o labor$ 9 ! hot ,s\!rn ,cali=nia sun4 ,also1 ,&y ,kay's company at times hir$ p ) unusual backgr\nds4 ,clif=d ,od5dhal1 a musician-danc]-songwrit] 9 8 ?irties1 _h come by way ( ,,cojo ,w9d1 ,david ,kay's alt]native en]gy firm4 ,david ask$ ,od5dhal to help ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems cat* up on back correspond5ce1 lead+ to a cu/om]-s]vice job !re4 ,ev5tually1 ,od5dhal 0 help+ ) public relations4 8,?is is ! fir/ job outside ( ent]ta9m5t t ,i h ev] c>$ ab\t beyond my pay*eck10 he said4 ,&y said ( ,david1 8,he's less cauti\s ab\t hir+ p ?an ,i am4 ,if !y don't "w out1 he j lets !m g40 ,david1 a six-foot-?ree-in* surf] ) a degree 9 ma? & a hobby ( collect+ diction>ies1 _h himself />t$ ) ! company sev]al ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ! ,kaypro4 ,n[ he 0 vice-presid5t = m>ket+1 & :5 an inve/m5t bank] ask$ ,&y if ,david 0 a vice-presid5t because he 0 ,&y's son or because he 0 ! be/ man = ! job1 ,&y repli$3 8,bo?40 ,he believ$ t ,david's role 9 ! developm5t & m>ket+ ( ! ,kaypro 80 extremely important4 ,9 ?irty ye>s ,i've nev] se5 a man 9 m>ket+ :o measures up to "o-t5? ! d$ication & p]=mance he's %[n40 ,&y's son us$ :at ! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal describ$ z 8idiosyncratic0 m>ket+ te*niques4 ,deal]s c\ldn't sell ,kaypros by mail4 ,!y didn't enjoy ext5d$ cr$it4 ,! ,kaypro ,division1 9 fact1 did n ev5 sp5d mu* at fir/ on national adv]tis+4 ,exam9$ closely1 h[ev]1 ea* policy seem$ logical4 ,mo/ cu/om]s c\ldn't j walk out ! door ( _! comput] deal] & wave an et]nal good-bye4 ,*ances are t !y'd be back = advice or repairs4 ,s ,kaypro want$ local deal]s n to face competition f cut?roat mail-ord] h\ses t left ! cu/om] on 8 own4 ,)\t a /rong network ( local /ores1 ,kaypro might p]i%4 ,&y ,kay appreciat$ ?is4 8,if a fell[ does mail ord] & ! contract says he c't10 ,kay said1 8,david cuts him (f )\t a qualm4 ,maybe ! deal] says we ne$ him or he won't be able to support 8 family & kids4 ,well1 =get x4 ,?is is a bus9ess1 b x's also our livelihood1 too40 ,( c\rse1 n all mail-ord] e/abli%m5ts 9 ! comput] trade 7 une?ical3 ,i knew ( "s good ones4 ,b f a manufactur]'s viewpo9t ! policy made s5se4 ,! ,kays at ! "t want$ to befri5d ! indep5d5t deal]s1 :o 7 less likely to flood ! m>ket ) heavily disc\nt$ comput]s ?an ! *a9s 74 ,h[ev] sympa!tic to ! indep5d5ts1 ,kaypro didn't foll[ ! lead ( "s expansion-m9d$ comput] companies & grant ext5d$ cr$it--a s5sible policy 9 ?is volatile bus9ess4 ,a ,cali=nia *a9 fold$1 ow+ hundr$s ( ?\s&s to ,apple z well z cu/om]s4 ,z to h[ he orig9ally pick$ up _m deal]s1 ,&y ,kay said1 8,! ord]s j />t$ roll+ 94 ,n[ we're sort ( cle>+ out deal]s :i* are op]at+ out ( backs ( c>s or :atev]40 ,kay 0 also b5efit+ by sell+ ?r\gh 8 own network r ?an be+ at ! m]cy ( di/ributors--& support+ _! pr(it m>g9s4 ,by ! summ] ( #aihc1 ,kaypros 7 sell+ at "s ?\s& deal]%ips4 ,*ri/ians5 obs]v$ t ,kaypro gave deal]s 8#cj or #dj p]c5t m>g9s4 ,s does ,osborne4 ,t's h[ !y get ! deal]s to c>ry ! damn$ ?+s4 ,y "k1 :5 y h fifty guys a week knock+ on y\r door1 y pick ! "o :o's go+ to put ! mo/ money 9 y\r pocket1 & ,osborne & ,kaypro bo? "k h[ to play ?is game z well z or bett] ?an anyone else4 ,h[ d y ?9k ,kaypro w5t f no?+ 9 #aihb to #ajj1jjj units 9 #aihc80 ,kay disput$ ?is4 ,he said t ! ,kaypro's quality sold ! comput]s1 t he hadn't (f]$ m ?an #be p]c5t deal] disc\nts1 & nev] w\ld2 & 8 claim seem$ cr$itable en\gh :5 "s /ores dropp$ ! ,kaypro because ! m>kup wasn't big en\gh4 ,:atev] ! facts1 ,kaypro 9 #aihc boa/$ sales (fices 9 "s fifte5 ,u4,s4 cities & "o 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,"o-?ird ( ! comput]-/ore ads 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,po/ bus9ess supplem5t ( ,augu/ #h1 #aihc1 m5tion$ ! ,kaypro4 ,! limit$ national adv]tis+ 0 equally wise4 ,:y n dep5d at fir/ on local ads tell+ :]e p c\ld buy ! product8 ,& :at 0 ! use ( creat+ a dem& = m comput]s ?an ,kaypro c\ld make8 ,&y ,kay _h le>n$ f ,osborne's example4 ,adam ,osborne's spla%y ads _h help$ create ! m>ket t ! ,kaypro 0 n[ enjoy+4 ,besides1 ,kay 0 b5efit+ f some?+ bett] ?an adv]tis+3 ! articles ( fri5dly writ]s4 ,& :y n8 ,writ+ 0 j ano!r =m ( ^w process+--a category = :i* mo/ ,kaypro own]s _h b\ght _! ma*9es4 ,c]ta9ly ! ,selectric-/yle keybo>d & #hj-;column scre5 _h impress$ me4 ,pet] ,mc,williams1 ! v same writ] :o _h l$ ! *e]+ 9 ! micro magaz9es = ! ,osborne1 0 a ,kaypro conv]t4 8,put simply1 z a p]sonal comput]1 ! ,kaypro ,,ii is sup]ior to ! ,osborne #a 9 almo/ e detail10 he wrote--8yet x retails = ! same #a1gie4 ,z ,david ,lett]man might say1 #8,unbelievable6'0 ,james ,fall[s1 ! ,wa%+ton editor ( ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 free-lanc+ = ,,tv ,guide1 call$ ! ,kaypro 8! be/ value0 = 8complicat$ acc\nt+0 or 8heavy-duty ^w process+40 ,i 0 us$ to see+ hype 9 & out ( comput] magaz9es = inf]ior products4 ,! ,kaypro1 h[ev]1 des]v$ ! paeans4 ,grant$1 ,i didn't l ,p]fect ,writ]1 a ^w processor includ$ betwe5 #aihb & e>ly #aihd2 & ! %>pness ( ! monitor 0 no mat* = "s m exp5sive ma*9es4 ,! ,kaypro wasn't ! be/ comput]1 p]iod4 ,b at ! "t ,fall[s prais$ ! ,kaypro to ! millions ( ,,tv ,guide read]s1 x may well h be5 ! be/ doll>-=-doll> value4 ,fall[s himself didn't own a ,kaypro4 ,he hone/ly rea*$ 8 conclusion unassi/$ by a special (f] f ,kaypro3 #dj p]c5t disc\nts = writ]s2 ! company said--conv9c+ly or n--t x didn't atta* any /r+s4 ,z production increas$1 ,kaypro f9ally did trot out national adv]tisem5ts4 ,"o1 9 ,esquire1 %[$ a "y ,kaypro us] 9 an (fice swept by a fi]ce w9d1 bl[+ c[ork]s' pap]s away & t\sl+ 8 hair1 :ile he 0 typ+ happily away ) 8 *air & desk rais$ a foot (f ! floor1 8,,kaypro ,,rises ,,to ,,! ,,occasion10 said ! adv]tisem5t4 ,i didn't really see ! po9t4 ,! te*nical specs 7 buri$ 9 small pr9t at ! bottom ( ! page2 :y c\ldn't ! ad tell me 9 l>ge pr9t & simple language :at ! ,kaypro c\ld d8 ,a ,kaypro /aff] said ! ad 0 to build "n recognition4 ,!n ! company might unlea% a campaign portray+ its /eel ugly duckl+ z ! ,volkswag5 ( small comput]s4 ,x seem$ a s5sible-en\gh idea4 ,!n1 aga91 x 0 ano!r indication t ! comput] bus9ess 0 becom+ m l ,detroit--sell+ n only economy b ! image ( economy4 ,f9ally1 ! new ads came out4 ,9 simple1 helpful language !y told novices :at to look = 9 a small bus9ess comput]4 ,& yet y c\ld h>dly confuse ! ads' goals ) ,consum] ,reports'4 ,! ads = beg9n]s recomm5d$ consult+ ) an exp]t be=e *oos+ a ma*9e2 at ! same "t ads 9 sophi/icat$ magaz9es l ,byte ask$ comput] pros to sugge/ ! ,kaypro to beg9n]s4 78,once y tell p ab\t ! complete bus9ess comput] = #a1eie10 said an ad appe>+ aft] ! ,kays l[]$ ! price #bjj1 8!y'll probably /op bugg+ y ) a lot ( que/ions407 ,! public relations campaign 0 j z slick4 ,no "o li$4 ,b ,hill ,kn[lton1 ! fa/-track public relations ag5cy1 lac$ its ,kaypro releases ) quotes skillfully reflect+ ! comput] mak]s' self-int]e/4 ,9 "o1 ,david ,kay said1 8,if x isn't portable1 x doesn't pay to buy x40 ,t 0 hyp]bole1 pure & simple4 ,! n9e-in* scre51 = in/ance1 0 a major improvem5t ov] ! ,osborne1 & x 0 entirely "r = an economy portable f :i* _m buy]s w\ld ev5tually trade up1 anyway2 b writ]s & o!r heavy-duty us]s might pref] a twelve-in*] f ! v />t4 ,= n mu* m ?an ! ,kaypro at ! "t ( ! release1 y c\ld buy a desktop comput] call$ ! ,morr[ ,micro ,decision ) good s(tw>e & a twelve-in* scre54 ,milton ,vior/1 a ,wa%+ton j\rnali/1 c\ldn't /oma* ! ,kaypro monitor4 ,he consid]$ ! ,kaypro ! k9d ( ma*9e y might tote back & =? betwe5 home & ! bea* b n ! be/ = heavy-duty view+4 ,he b\ght ! ,morr[1 or two1 actually3 "o = himself & "o = 8 wife1 ,judi?1 a well-kn[n poet & magaz9e writ]4 ,h[ev] pro-,kaypro1 ,i c\ld see :y4 ,! ,kaypro1 /rictly speak+1 wasn't ev5 portable2 in/ead1 x 0 transportable4 ,unless y 7 a #cjj-p\nd tackle play+ = ! ,pittsburgh ,/eel]s1 y w]5't ab\t to tote a %>p-edg$1 #bf-p\nd comput] & batt]y pack z casually z y w\ld an atta* case4 ,o!r 8feature in=mation0 f ,hill ,kn[lton 9 spr+ #aihc (f]$ m tips = comput] %opp]s 9 a way cunn+ly design$ to /e] !m to ! ,kaypro )\t ! cu/om]s' q kn[+ :at 0 go+ on4 8,,kaypro ,division ( ,non-,l9e> ,sy/ems0 appe>$ on ! fir/ page 9 big blue lett]s above ! text4 ,b ! sev5-page 8feature in=mation0--! "p int5d$ = publication--m5tion$ ! comput] by "n j once & 9 an inconspicu\s location4 ,x laid out ! specs = a good portable4 ,!n1 sev]al hundr$ words aft] ! ,kaypro m5tion1 x triumphantly conclud$1 8,= z little z #a1gie1 y c already buy ! only fully portable p]sonal comput] ) a full-siz$ scre51 "o t (f]s l>ge en\gh memory capacity to h&le bus9ess1 ent]ta9m5t & educational programm+ & a s]vice network t's available anytime or anyplace--j l ! optimal portable p]sonal comput] itself40 ,i recall$ ! cann$ releases f food companies t wom5's pages ran v]batim4 ,h[ _m newspap]s & magaz9es w\ld d ! same ) 8feature in=mation0 f ,kaypro8 ,david & 8 fa!r _h made a good ma*9e4 ,& yet ,i wond]$ h[ _m manufactur]s ( bad comput]s might />t us+ simil> tactics4 ,joel ,/rass]1 at ! "t ! ,hill ,kn[lton man h&l+ ,kaypro1 lat] prote/$ t he 0 engag+ 9 /&>d public relations practice1 b 8 rem>ks simply dramatiz$ h[ ! welf>e ( %opp]s might cla% ) t ( ! manufactur]s4 ,disguis$ puff]y 0 h>dly 9 keep+ ) ,david ,kay's portrayal ( himself z a consum] advocate4 ,ar\nd ! "t ! ,kays 7 call+ 9 high-p[]$ public relations p1 ,adam ,osborne himself w5t a /ep fur!r4 ,9 ,janu>y #aihc he hir$ a pr(essional manag] to be ,osborne ,comput]'s presid5t1 ,rob]t ,jauni* ,,ii1 =m]ly presid5t ( ,consolidat$ ,foods4 ,osborne w\ld lat] blame ,jauni* = _m ( ! comput] firm's problems1 tell+ a report] t ,jauni* wasn't fleet-foot$ en\gh = a "y company 9 an indu/ry ) a fa/-*ang+ m>ket4 ,jauni*'s recollections w\ld diff]4 ,recall+ ! discov]ies he made dur+ ! audit be=e ! nev]-to-take-place public (f]+ ( ,osborne /ock1 he told ! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal1 8,e day y came 91 ! numb]s got worse4 ,e numb] y t\*$ w5t s(t40 ,he blam$ ! corporate *aos on ,adam ,osborne4 8,! real message10 said ,jauni*1 :o resign$ z ,osborne presid5t 9 ,decemb] #aihc1 8is ! pr(essional p got "h too late to help40 ,osborne 0 also critical ( ano!r executive2 he accus$ him ( cutt+ a deal ) a suppli]--:ile /ill work+ at ,osborne ,comput]--to make a rival ma*9e4 ,:atev] happ5$1 ! int]nal squabbles at ,osborne may h wa/$ "t & en]gy t he & colleagues c\ld bett] h devot$ to _! battle aga9/ ! ,kaypro4 ,he himself w\ld lat] admit 9 8 book ,hyp]gr[? t 8new product developm5t mov$ sl[ly0 until ! second half ( #aihb4 ,a small]1 *eap] ,osborne #a1 ! ,vix51 nev] rea*$ ! m>ket :ile he 0 runn+ ! company4 ,8 #b1die ,executive comput]--) a sev5- r ?an five-in* scre5--did make x out ! door4 8,wayne0 didn't4 ,introduc$ e>ly en\gh1 ,wayne c\ld h giv5 ! ,kays fits4 ,?is #a1iie model 0 to (f] a n9e-in* scre5 & include a built-9 pr9t] & a pile ( free programs = ^w process+1 communications ) o!r comput]s1 & o!r tasks4 ,b te*nical problems b$evil$ ,osborne4 ,:5 ,osborne f9ally caught on t ,,ibm _h e/abli%$ a new indu/ry /&>d1 he s\ght to make 8 ,executive compatible1 b he 0 aw>e ( 8 own company's 8dismal record 9 eng9e]+ developm5t40 ,osborne entru/$ ! task to a ,san ,diego firm4 ,by ,may #aihc1 h[ev]1 ,osborne realiz$ t ! firm's ,,ibm-compatible prototypes 7 8exp5sive1 late1 & includ$ :olly unacceptable features su* z circles t w\ld be display$ z ovals :5 an ,executive us] swit*$ f ,,cp_/,m to ,,ibm compatibility40 ,adam ,osborne 0 cle>ly los+ 8 sales w> ) ,&y ,kay4 ,he _h talk$ to report]s ab\t ! ,executive 9 e>ly #aihc1 & 9 ,july newspap]s said ?is _h disc\rag$ "s deal]s f ord]+ too _m ,osborne #as4 ,! /ory 0 t ,osborne's ca% res]ves _h fall5 z ord]s = ! old] ma*9es dropp$ f #aj1jjj a mon? to almo/ no?+4 ,app>5tly he'd =gott5 "o ( ! precepts ( any bus9ess ) *ang+ products3 y're always compet+ aga9/ y\rself4 ,if y make too _m old models or brag too soon ab\t ! new ones1 !n y may imp]il y\r ca% fl[ & see surplus product inv5tory pile up4 ,y\r cu/om]s w keep _! wallets %ut z !y await y\r com+ attraction4 ,x 0 a mo/ plausible explanation = ,osborne ,comput]'s ca%-fl[ problems b p]haps n ! ma9 "o4 ,9 ,hyp]gr[? ,osborne reveal$ t 8 sales levels = 8 ,osborne #a _h be5 dw9dl+ ev5 )\t all ! puff]y ab\t ! =?com+ ,executive model2 he confess$ t he _h li$ to ! press to ?r[ x 8(f ! sc5t ( ! real /ory40 ,8 bank]s 7 ?reat5+ to call 9 loans2 he 0 lay+ (f work]s1 yet he /ill hop$ to woo private inve/ors4 ,z ! end ne>$1 ,osborne deal]s 7 fight+ ,kaypro ones ) price r$uctions4 ,an ,osborne #a1 disc\nt$1 sold = z l[ z #a1jjj by late ,augu/ #aihc4 ,/ores also 7 dropp+ ! ,executive's price1 & ) good reason3 :y s exp5sive a ma*9e )\t ,,ibm compatibility "r (f ! bat8 ,! fir/ prototypes ( ! new ,,ibm-compatible ,executive w]5't be+ built until ,septemb] #aihc1 or z ,osborne lat] obs]v$1 8precisely at ! "t ! company 0 fil+ = bankruptcy40 ,! bankruptcy pap]s %[$ next to no income & #de million ow$ cr$itors4 ,newsweek ran a photograph ( ,osborne leav+ 8 (fice )\t a portable comput] 9 sight4 ,in/ead1 a briefcase 0 %ield+ 8 face1 & ! caption read3 8,f\nd] ,osborne exits3 ,,ibm 0 too big40 ,t 0 some:at wrong4 ,! ,,ibm-compatibility issue not)/&+1 ,kaypro _h be5 ,osborne's ma9 competition4 8,i've always _h a great deal ( respect = ,kaypro10 he w\ld lat] confess to ,popul> ,comput+4 8,y've got to make ^? /atem5ts knock+ ! ,kaypro4 ,x makes good copy1 damn x40 ,x didn't make = ! be/-in=m$ comput] buy]s1 h[ev]4 ,b[l$ ov] by ,osborne's m>ket+ campaign & well-publiciz$ disp>agem5t ( ! competition1 "s consum]s _h ignor$ ! in=mation t matt]$ 9 ! end3 ! numb]s4 ,! scre5 measurem5ts1 disk-drive capacity1 almo/ ev]y?+1 said ! ,kaypro 0 a bett] comput] = common applications4 ,osborne _h fac$ a moral dilemma4 ,%\ld he badm\? ! competition & help 8 company survive8 ,or %\ld he tell ! tru?--t ,br& ,x 0 bett] ?an 8 own product8 ,n surpris+ly1 ,osborne1 l any o!r comput] manufactur]1 _h made ! =m] *oice4 ,9 fight+ ,osborne1 ,kay _h dropp$ 8 sugge/$ retail price #bjj 9 ,may #aihc to #a1eie1 an indication t small bus9ess comput]s 7 becom+ no m imp]vi\s to price w>s ?an ! home ones 74 ,he also (f]$ a s\p$-up v]sion ( 8 ,,ii & beef$ up 8 s(tw>e4 ,8 ,kaypro ,,iv--! jump f ,,ii to ,,iv reflect$ ! sub/itution ( two #djj,k floppy disk drives = ! ,,ii's #bjj,k ones--sold = #a1iie4 ,yet ano!r weapon aga9/ ,osborne 0 ! ,kaypro #aj1 a deluxe model ) a #aj-megabyte h>d disk4 ,x sold = #b1gie1 an amaz+ deal at ! "t4 ,a h>d disk is an alum9um platt] coat$ ) magnetic film1 & #aj megabytes is ! equival5t ( #e1jjj d\ble-spac$ typewritt5 pages2 yet ,kay 0 sell+ ! comput] & s(tw>e = less ?an ! prices ( _m h>d-disk add-ons4 8,adam ,osborne10 said ,kay1 8has said he c\ldn't make a portable h>d disk because ! h>d disks are s s5sitive to %ock4 ,well1 eng9e]+ advances are su* t h>d disks n[ are capable ( be+ mov$4 ,our v fir/ "o 0 %ipp$ to a %[ 9 ,g]many40 ,an ,info,world headl9e 0 less sangu9e3 8,h>d disk1 portable #8newlyw$s' face "s problems40 ,c\ld ,kay succe$ ) 8 h>d disk8 ,ano!r company made ! disk itself1 & ,kaypro _h to replace "s drives on ! e>ly ,kaypro #ajs4 ,b "s glit*es 7 h>dly a surprise 9 any new micro1 h>d-disk /yle or floppy4 ,mean:ile1 no less ?an ,control ,data1 ! comput] giant1 0 plann+ to (f] a #e-megabyte h>d disk = portables4 ,already "s small] companies _h put out portables ) h>d disks4 ,& yet ,kay1 turn+ out ?\s&s ( ! ma*9es1 0 gambl+ m heavily on _! reliability ?an ! o!rs4 ,x c\ld pay1 h[ev]4 ,new te*nology might or might n succe$2 b 9 8 fa/-mov+ indu/ry1 old te*nology soon] or lat] w\ld surely fail4 ,to /ay alive1 he mu/ be among ! lead]s4 ,m ?an #aej companies 7 claw+ _! way ?r\gh ! micro bus9ess 9 late #aihc1 & "s analy/s believ$ t few] ?an #bj c\ld survive five m ye>s4 ,_m ( ! #aej _h only :at "o exp]t call$ 8press release products40 ,b o!rs 7 real ?reats2 & )\t ! res\rces ( an ,,ibm or ,apple1 ,kay ideally w\ld fight back ?r\gh innovation z well z good m>ket+4 ,he ne$n't inv5t any new micro te*nology4 ,yet z a survival-m9d$ 8solv] ( problems10 he _h bett] be prep>$ to make prompt use ( ! break?r\ghs ( o!rs4 ,s major risks 7 ahead--inevitable--z ,kay gird$ = 8 next fights ) ! valley4 ,backups3 ,i1 ,tw5ty-,six ,que/ions to ,ask at 7& ,ab\t7 ! ,comput] ,/ore1 page #bha4 ,,ii1 ,a ,few ,gr\*y ,words on ,pr9t]s1 page #bid4 #c ,aft] ! ,w> ,! ,silicon ,valley gossips 9 late #aihc said ,adam ,osborne 0 try+ sci5ce-fiction writ+4 ,!n1 ! next spr+1 /ories sudd5ly blossom$ ab\t 8 new s(tw>e company2 he bragg$ t x w\ld be ! pap]back publi%] ( ! micro _w1 a mass-m>ket op]ation t w\ld und]cut rivals j z 8 comput] firm _h4 ,! "n ( ! new company1 9 ,b]keley1 ,cali=nia1 0 ,pap]back ,s(tw>e ,int]national4 ,& 8 quotes aga9/ competitors 7 j z colorful z 9 ! old days4 8,!re's a helluva lot ( s(tw>e out !re10 ,osborne told ,,usa ,today1 8& a lot ( x's ov]pric$ g>bage40 ,he plann$ to sell 8 programs at book *a9s & book racks at less ?an "o-f\r? ! prices ( ! ,br& ,xs4 ,! idea seem$ apple-pie admirable1 b mo/ p w\ld r n buy m s(tw>e ?an !y _h "t to le>n & use2 h[ _m h>dcore buffs 7 out !re it*+ to sp5d h\rs ma/]+ *eap new programs8 ,circum/ances might *ange z s(tw>e becomes easi] to use4 ,b c\ld y imag9e a ,^w-,processor-(-!-,mon? ,club or a spread%eet rack to ! "r ( ! go?ic romances8 ,no1 except = games programs & v *eap enhancem5ts ( exi/+ bus9ess programs l ,lotus #a-b-c1 ! pap]back concept seem$ dicey4 ,ev5 ,osborne wasn't infallible z a se] & m>ket analy/4 ,once he'd pr$ict$ t ,,ibm w\ld fail 9 ! micro m>ket1 & hadn't he be5 too sl[ to grasp ! importance ( ,,ibm compatibility = 8 own products8 ,/ill1 al?\gh ,osborne ,comput] ,corp4 itself _h fl\nd]$1 x _h n be5 = want ( ! "r vision at ! company's inception4 ,8 new s(tw>e ent]prise might inde$ survive 9 ! prop] ni*e4 ,fir/1 h[ev]1 he w\ld ne$ capital4 ,9 fall #aihd ,info,world report$ t ,osborne _h paid = a boo? at a s(tw>e %[ b _h n set x up because1 = want ( fund+1 8 fir/ products w]5't ready4 ,inve/ors may h %i$ away due to ,osborne's e>li] failure to ov]come ! classic entrepr5eur's *all5ge3 n j to />t a company b keep x prosp]+4 ,9 %runk5 =m1 ) ,osborne hav+ resign$ z presid5t 9 ,septemb] #aihc1 8 old company l+]$ on 9 e>ly #aihd1 sell+ old ma*9es & /ill promis+ a new ,,ibm-compatible portable4 ,&y ,kay at ! "t _h no ne$ to fe> ?is corporate husk4 ,= a :ile1 9 fact1 ,kaypro may ev5 h be5 ! f\r? l>ge/ mak] ( p]sonal comput]s %ipp$ to /ores specializ+ 9 !m4 ,& 8 h>d-disk gamble 0 pay+ (f = ! mom5t--! same risk t ,osborne himself _h avoid$ z too p]il\s = a portable manufactur]4 ,ord]s _h kept pil+ up = ,kaypro #ajs4 ,!n aga91 s _h ! problems ) ,t&on1 ,kaypro's major h>d-disk suppli]4 ,david ,kay ev5 claim$ t ,kaypro 0 receiv+ ,t&on drives 8) #8,,ibm' /amp$ on !m t also h #8reject' /amp$ on !m40 ,deliv]y delays alleg$ly _h co/ p]haps #cj million 9 sales ( ! ,kaypro #ajs ov] eight mon?s4 ,t&on1 :ile conc$+ t "s reject$ drives may h accid5tally rea*$ ,kaypro1 claim$ t su* problems 7 r>e4#ab ,footnote #ab3 ,bus9ess ,week is ! s\rce ( ! facts on ,kaypro's disk-drive problems4 ,! ,kays' #aihd sales w\ld exce$ #ajj million4 ,b "s rivals 7 gr[+ fa/]1 & ,,ibm1 ,panasonic1 & o!r h\sehold names 7 n[ muscl+ 9 on ! portable m>ket4 8,kaypro's imm$iate prospects are good10 said "o analy/ ( ! indu/ry4 8,i don't "k ab\t ! long-t]m ones40 ,he told ( a big :ite t5t t ! ,kays _h put up on a hillside to /ore badly ov]/ock$ comput] p>ts4 ,! ,kays might argue t !y want$ to keep exp5ses d[n4 ,to ! analy/1 h[ev]1 ! :ite t5t symboliz$ amateuri% managem5t4 ,9 ,septemb]1 ,kaypro ackn[l$g$ t millions ( doll>s 9 comput] p>ts might be miss+ f ! t5t & "s l>ge trucks2 & :atev] ! cause1 !ft or bad acc\nt+1 ! crisis h>dly ende>$ ,kaypro to inve/ors4 ,!y n[ c\ld recov] only #d p] %>e--a fraction ( ! #aj (f]+ price4 ,ar\nd ! same "t1 "s angry inve/ors fil$ lawsuits *>g+ ,kaypro ) falsely report+ its f9ances4 ,kaypro d5i$ ?is4 ,i hadn't any idea ( ! validity ( ! suits4 ,an (ficial ) ,osborne ,comput]s1 h[ev]1 discuss+ ! t5t & ! g5]al managem5t problems x symboliz$1 appropriately obs]v$3 8,x 0 dj vu to he> ab\t ,kaypro's inv5tory situation40 ,six regional sales manag]s _h left e>li] t ye> = a competitor4 ,=m] ,kaypro executives grip$ t ! ,kays paid too mu* att5tion to trivia4 ,&y ,kay ev5 int]view$ prospective security gu>ds4 ,"s employees reli%$ ?is p]sonal t\*1 b ,blair ,g4 ,newman1 ex-director ( m>ket+ & /rategic plann+1 compla9$ to ,bus9ess ,week1 8,!re are too _m ,kays & n en\gh pros40 ,unconv9c+ly1 a ,kaypro spokeswoman %rugg$ (f ! resignations1 say+ a small clique ( fri5ds _h left & pl5ty ( p _h l9$ up to replace !m4 ,&y ,kay's antipa?y t[>d pr(essional manag]s 0 com+ back to spook him4 ,all along 8 attitude hadn't be5 s diff]5t f t ( ,adam ,osborne1 :o1 /ubbornly1 told a report] aft] ! ,*apt] ,,xi fil+1 8,! major lesson ,i le>n$ f ?is ?+ is t ,i'm z good a manag] z any ( ^? guys40 ,an ex-,kaypro employee compla9$ to me3 8,! ,kays are worri$ t pr(essional manag]s w take away _! p[]4 ,&y ,kay wants to run ! company himself4 ,x's a feudal society !re4 ,a lot ( employees call x ! ,kay fiefdom4 ,x's l a tra9+ gr\nd = "y knights4 ,y c le>n a lot1 b x locks y into a rigid /ructure4 ,!re are no *anges f ! bottom up4 ,t's ! big problem4 ,i don't "k h[ !y get away ) call+ x #8p>ticipative managem5t4' ,ord9>y employees nev] h any meet+s ) ,kays to discuss major decisions4 ,!re's no *ecks & balances4 ,if ! guy at ! top makes a mi/ake1 !re's no way to correct x4 ,no "o c call ! k+'s bluff & /ay40 ,! ,kays fir$ someone close to ! outspok5 ,newman4 ,x 0 ,clif=d ,od5dhal1 ! be>d$ musician :o a ye> e>li] _h told me1 8,?is is ! fir/ job outside ( ent]ta9m5t t ,i ev] c>$ ab\t beyond my pay*eck40 8,"p ( x _h to d ) sal>y10 he said3 8 reque/ = a raise4 8,!y'd be5 pay+ me no m ?an :at an assi/ant manag] makes 9 a ,k-m>t4 ,& ,i'd h&l$ us] gr\ps1 done publicity1 & edit$ _! 9-h\se newspap]40 ,! us]s gr\ps 7 mo/ly local organizations ( ,kaypro own]s :o trad$ te*nical tips & gossip & b>ga9$ ) /ores = disc\nts on equipm5t2 !y kept ,kaypro 9 t\* ) ! be/-in=m$ cu/om]s1 ! tr5dsett]s4 ,!y also reliev$ ! /ra9 on ,kaypro's own te*nicians & /ores4 ,b ,kaypro _h cut back ! money budget$ = s5d+ p out ( t[n to meet ) ! us]s gr\ps2 skeptically1 ,od5dhal said ! company _h hop$ to d ?is "w almo/ entirely via a comput] network4 ,!n !re 0 ! "q ( :e!r ,kaypro _h a true m>ket+ dep>tm5t4 8,!y don't10 ,od5dhal said4 ,he & o!rs ar\nd ,newman _h hop$ t ! ,kays w\ld s\nd out ! ne$ = products sci5tifically be=e turn+ ! eng9e]s loose4 ,od5dhal may or may n h be5 "r4 ,if m>ket+ m5 at ! l>ge comput] companies 7 s sm>t1 h[ come ,kaypro & ,osborne _h be5 ! fir/ firms to make portables usable 9 bus9ess8 ,& :at ab\t all ! ,,ibm clones8 ,c\ldn't ! m>ket+ m5's me-too-ism h /ifl$ innovation8 ,!n aga91 ano!r company dom9at$ by eng9e]s--,texas ,in/rum5ts--_h flopp$ 9 ! home-comput] m>ket because x didn't pay en\gh he$ to m>ket+4 ,! ,kaypro ,corporation1 at lea/1 /ill boa/$ a deal] network ( m ?an a ?\s& /ores 9 mid-#aihd4 ,b "s /ores 9 my area _h dropp$ or d[nplay$ ! ,kaypro l9e 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! ye>4 ,"o reason 0 t j ab\t all ! ,kaypro ma*9es 7 /ill #h-;bit & didn't run ! new ,,ibm-/yle s(tw>e4 ,also1 ,computer,land & o!r big-"n *a9s1 a gr[+ "p ( ! bus9ess1 compla9$ t m>g9s on ,kaypros 7 t5 p]c5tage po9ts "u competitors & t ! ma*9es' s(tw>e hurt sales ( (f-!-%elf programs4 ,s ,computer,land %unn$ ,kaypro4 ,x 0 a cle> case ( ! int]e/s ( ! consum]s be+ at odds ) ^? ( ! comput] deal]s4 ,= ! ,kaypro ,,ii at ! "t 0 a rem>kable b>ga92 ,&y ,kay _h l[]$ 8 retail price 9 ,m>* to #a1bie4 ,:at a contra/ to ! ov]pric$ ,,pcjr f ,,ibm4 ,j rumors ( ! ma*9e--nicknam$ ! ,peanut--_h kept ! entire indu/ry on edge4 ,x bore ! ?ree magic initials4 ,& z ! pros said1 ,,ibm 0 compatible ) ,,ibm4 ,only x didn't "w out t way4 ,! ,,pcjr1 at lea/ ! fir/ v]sion1 c\ldn't run "s electronic spread%eet s(tw>e & o!r important programs writt5 = ! ,,ibm4 ,! introduction 9 ,novemb] #aihc _h be5 anti-climactic 9 o!r ways4 ,jr's little keys 7 l *iclets1 horrors = ! t\*-typi/1 & by ! "t y b\ght y\r s(tw>e & add$ a second disk drive1 y'd be pay+ hundr$s ( doll>s m4 ,ev5 aft] ,,ibm upgrad$ ! ,,pcjr's keybo>d 9 summ] #aihd & l[]$ ! price to #iii ) "o drive1 ! ,kaypro ,,ii 0 /ill sup]ior = ^w process+4 ,s 7 o!r ma*9es4 ,) two disk drives & ,word,star1 ! ,sanyo ,,mbc#eej--;a some:at ,,ibm-compatible desktop f ,japan--li/$ = j #a1djj4 ,n t ! ,sanyo lack$ limitations ( its own4 ,its keybo>d1 too1 0 no mat* = ! ,kaypro's4 ,9 #aihd ! ,kays introduc$ ! ,new ,kaypro ,,ii1 :i* (f]$ only "o disk drive b sold = j #iie & all[$ = ano!r to be add$ = a few hundr$ doll>s m4 ,anyone us+ ! ,new ,kaypro ,,ii = bus9ess w\ld be foolh>dy to dep5d on j "o drive4 ,n surpris+ly1 ! #iie ma*9e inspir$ jibes t ,kaypro 0 guilty ( us+ ! same gimmickry z ,,ibm & ,apple _h be5 ) _! s+le-disk comput]s4 ,moreov]1 all ! ,kaypro models1 despite _! l[ prices1 made "s cu/om]s pay = _! b>ga9s ) heada*es4 ,take ,*ris ,j5s51 a writ] 9 ,clevel&4 ,he futilely tri$ = mon?s be=e he c\ld s5d 8 /ories to 8 newspap] f home via ! phone l9es4 ,8 deal] _h sold ! ,kaypro ,,iv1 promis+ t ,j5s5 c\ld4 8,x's really scummy to put ?is out10 ! ,pla9 ,deal] report] said ( 8 ma*9e1 8& "k t ! communications s(tw>e has s]i\s bugs 9 x4 ,x's ! k9d ( ?+ t ! gov]nm5t w\ld kick ! %it out ( ! automobile companies = do+40 ,a ,kaypro employee admitt$ t ! communications s(tw>e = ! ,kaypro ,,iv _h come out ) bugs1 b n ^? ( ! k9d t 7 plagu+ ,*ris ,j5s54 ,he confirm$ ano!r ( ,j5s5's compla9ts3 t ! ,kaypro ,,iv model ) ! modem c\ldn't use ! mo/ popul> communications s(tw>e at ! "t4 ,co9cid5tally or n--%ortly aft] ,j5s5 grip$ to me1 ! ,new ,york ,times1 & comput] writ] ,pet] ,mc,williams--,kaypro releas$ ,supr,term v]sion #e4c4 ,& t did ! trick = him4 ,! ma*9e delight$ ,j5s5 9 o!r ways1 b he /ill wond]$ ab\t all ! ord9>y cu/om]s out !re :o 7 unwill+ or unable to wage a m$ia campaign to get _! s(tw>e up to snuff4 ,j5s5's /ory 0 atypical--_m ,kaypro own]s /ill spoke z if _! comput]s 7 micro manna4 ,/ill1 ! new ,robie1 introduc$ 9 e>ly #aihd1 might be a sign ( tr\bles to come4 ,x 0 unique1 a desktop sell+ = #b1cjj ) two #b4e-megabyte floppy disks4 ,b disks didn't run z quickly z a h>d disk1 & z ( late #aihd1 ! ,robie j hadn't caught on4 ,! ,robie look$ s ugly--unga9ly1 pla/ic *eap1 fit = a disc\nt /ore--t ev5 "s value-m9d$ buy]s might h ?\ght twice ab\t br++ x into _! (fices4 ,x 0 a comput] t only a design] c\ld love4 ,& x 0 j an #h-;bit ma*9e4 ,9 ! #h- v]sus #af-;bit battle1 p 7 accus+ ,kay ( liv+ 9 ! pa/4 ,x 0 ,osborne all ov] aga91 "s might h said--j l ,kay's old rival babbl+ on & on ab\t ! virtues ( a ma*9e ) a t9y scre54 ,?is may h be5 unfair4 ,= simple ^w process+1 = in/ance1 an #h-;bit ma*9e c\ld be a t]rific b>ga94 ,b _m buy]s /ill gravitat$ to ! #af-;bitt]s1 worry+ t future s(tw>e might n appe> 9 ! ,kaypro ,,cp_/,m =mat4 ,kay's attitude didn't help4 ,he 0 %[+ less ( ! adv5tur\sness t _h l$ to 8 h>d-disk portable4 ,& he n[ felt t ! ,kaypro ,,ii 0 j l ! old ,volkswag5 bug & w\ld always be ar\nd--an om9\s p>allel consid]+ ,,vw's rec5t fiascos 9 ! auto m>ket4#ac ,footnote #ac3 ,kaypro lat] dropp$ ! ,kaypro ,,ii & replac$ x ) ! #a1eie ,kaypro #b,x4 ,x's /ill a ,,ii1 ?\gh1 except = "s improvem5ts su* z m disk space4 ,! #b,x's disks /ore almo/ #djj,k ea*4 ,"s s(tw>e programs endur$ because en\gh p le>n$ & lik$ !m2 & ! ,apple ,,ii 9 "o =m or ano!r w\ld la/2 b ! ,kaypro ,,ii8 ,ev5 ) hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( us]s8 ,:at ab\t ! ill-fat$ ,osborne8 ,no1 comput] buy]s normally spurn$ antiques4 ,)9 a ye> or two ,&y ,kay might *ange 8 m9d & pond] :e!r to update ! ,kaypro ,,ii dra/ically or kill x4 ,9 ,novemb] #aihd1 well ov] six mon?s lat] ?an ,kaypro _h promis$ inve/ors1 a #af-;bit ,,ibm-compatible ma*9e appe>$4 8,he'd r n call x an ,,ibm clone10 said an indu/ry obs]v]4 8,he'd r call x j a #af-;bit comput]4 ,x's a matt] ( pride40 ,! #af-;bit model1 a portable ) a #aj-megabyte h>d disk & #bef,k ,,ram1 look$ some:at l ! ,kaypro ,,ii & ,,iv4 ,x _h an expansion slot into :i* y c\ld plug a device to hype up ! p]=mance ( ! ma*9e or exp& its v]satility2 & x (f]$ free ,word,star along ) o!r s(tw>e4 ,at #c1bie x sold = #a1gjj less ?an a h>d disk portable f ,compaq4 ,b x fac$ /iff competition f ma*9es su* z ! h>d disk desktop f ,lead+ ,edge1 :i* 0 disc\nt$ to z l[ z #b1jjj4 ,! #af j w\ldn't wallop rivals ! way ! orig9al ,kaypro ,,ii _h4 ,& x %>$ "s ( ! drawbacks ( ! ,compaq & _m o!r ,,ibm clones--especially ! keybo>d4 ,! left %ift key 0 9 an awkw>d position l ! ,,ibm ,,pc's1 ) a weird1 nonalphabetical "* sep>at+ x & ! 8,z02 imag9e ! reaction ( t\* typi/s :o _h enjoy$ ! ,kaypro ,,ii's close resemblance to ! traditional ,selectric keybo>d4 ,_m mak]s ( #af-;bit ma*9es _h ap$ ! horrid ,,pc keybo>d1 caus+ "o review] to lik5 !m to idiot savante piano play]s :o imitat$ ! mi/akes ( true g5iuses4 ,! #af1 moreov]1 %[$ ,kaypro's int]nal weaknesses4 ,dan ,b]g] ( ! ,san ,diego recall$ h[ ,kaypro _h futilely /ruggl$ = m ?an eight mon?s to design ! comput] 9-h\se4 ,! project _h flopp$4 ,kaypro f>m$ ! design out to a ,san ,diego firm1 :i* did ! job 9 a fraction ( ! "t4 ,e>li] 9 #aihd ,&y ,kay _h told ,b]g] t ,kaypro 0 sp5d+ only #a p]c5t ( rev5ues on rese>* & developm5t1 comp>$ to ! indu/ry av]age ( ab\t #aj p]c5t4 ,h[ fru/rat$ he mu/ h felt pay+ an outside firm4 ,osborne _h _h to d t1 b te*nically ,kay _h plac$ himself & 8 company 9 a diff]5t league4 ,kaypro 0 heavily dep5d+ on ! #af4 ,! company hop$ x w\ld provide #dj p]c5t ( income = ! ye> end+ ,augu/ #ca1 #aihe4 ,e>ly signs 7 good4 ,a small deal] 9 ,virg9ia1 = in/ance1 ,! ,disk ,connection1 sold six ,kaypro #afs 9 "o week--half to exi/+ ,kaypro own]s & half to new cu/om]s4 ,"s p _h dem&$ an ,,ibm clone1 bungl$ keybo>d & all2 n[ ,kaypro _h giv5 x to !m ) a v5geance4 ,appe>+ late1 h[ev]1 ! #af _h lo/ mu* ( its price advantage4 ,9 ano!r six mon?s ,,ibm might well sell its ,,xt h>d disk model = z little z ! new ,kaypro portable4#ad ,footnote #ad3 8,,xt0 /&s = 8ext5d$40 ,! #af1 if successful1 w\ld triumph at a helpful "t4 ,9 ! #aihc budget ye>1 ! company _h e>n$ #ab4i million on #ge million 9 sales2 ! next budget ye> x _h lo/ #bfg1fhc on sales ( ab\t #abj million--blam+ ev]y?+ f adv]tis+ co/s to price-cutt+ & inv5tory problems4 ,no long] 0 ,kaypro a success /ory4 ,x rema9$ /rong 9 "s /ores specializ+ 9 comput]s2 b ! %>e ( ! :ole dome/ic m>ket = p]sonal micros w\ld be #b4e p]c5t 9 #aihd--;a drop f #aihc4ae ,footnote #ae3 ,k5ne? ,lim ( ,dataque/1 ,inc41 ! ,san ,jose1 ,cali=nia m>ket+ rese>* firm1 is ! s\rce ( ! #b4e p]c5t e/imate quot$ 9 ! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal1 ,novemb] #ad1 #aihd4 ,9 ! long run1 moreov]1 unless ,&y ,kay made major production *anges1 8 comput]s might lose :at price advantage !y did h4 ,automation 0 improv+ rivals' quality control & :ittl+ d[n _! labor exp5ses4 ,ev5tually1 !y'd be j a t9y fraction ( ! co/ ( a comput]4 ,apple already _h built a #bj million plant to crank out ! ,mac9to% comput]1 us+ ,japanese-/yle manufactur+ savvy2 ,macs ev5 help$ ov]see ! manufactur+ ( ,macs4 8,i don't ev5 "k if ! ,kays c\ld automate _! plant10 said ! ex-employee :o'd accus$ ! family ( runn+ a feudal society4 8,y've got ^! f\r build+s no wid] ?an a s+le room4 ,!y h a lot ( w9d[s1 & t's great = ! p--b h>d on comput] p>ts4 ,(t5 p plac$ piles ( p>ts on ! lawn ov]night :5 !y didn't h space else:]e40 ,! ,kays1 to be sure1 _h put up a semiautomat$ w>eh\se design$ by ,&y's daught] ,janice & built by 8 son-9-law's con/ruction firm4 8,b10 said ! ex-,kaypro employee1 8t's n ! same z automat+ ! :ole plant40 ,& ,&y's selection ( ! ar*itect & con/ruction firm 0 fur!r evid5ce ( ! ,kays' tight-grip managem5t /yle4 ,?is lack ( flexibility c\ld especially hurt !m 9 respond+ to ! ?reat f lap-siz$ ma*9es ) flat scre5s4 ,soon] or lat] !y w\ld m5ace ! ,kaypro-siz$ 8luggables0 9 ! bus9ess m>ket4 ,ab\t #abj1jjj flat scre5s sold 9 #aihc1 & al?\gh !y w]5't mov+ (f ! %elves z rapidly z expect$ 9 #aihd1 sales /ill might exce$ sev]al hundr$ ?\s&4 ,"s %[$ #af l9es at "o "t4 ,t wasn't z _m z ! #bd on ! ,kaypro ,,ii scre51 b en\gh = light-duty ^w process+4 ,& soon o!rs w\ld d = ! heavy-duty k9d & a slew ( additional uses4 ,?\s&s ( travel+ report]s & executives 7 already us+ ! ,radio ,%ack ,model #ajj introduc$ 9 #aihc--;despite its t9y built-9 memory 7no m ?an #bd,k 9 a typical configuration7 & small scre5 7#h l9es only #dj *>act]s wide74 ,b :]e _h ,&y ,kay hop$ to get 8 fir/ flat-scre5 model8 ,f ,mitsui ,co4 9 ,japan1 :i* w\ld (f] x to o!r ,u4,s4 companies1 includ+ p]haps "s ) m>ket+ cl\t f> great] ?an 84 ,! ,kays _h ?\ght !y'd be ! only p sell+ ! note-book-siz$ comput]4 ,by late summ] #aihd1 half a ye> aft] ! orig9al hoopla1 ,kaypro %\ld h be5 %ipp+ ?is miracle ma*9e1 b a spokesman 9 ,septemb] c\ld n ev5 tell me if ! ,mitsui deal 0 /ill alive4 ,!n ^w came out t ! deal _h fall5 ?r\gh & a flat scre5 ,kaypro w\ldn't appe> until #aihe4 ,a rival company1 ,morr[1 ,inc4--head$ by ,george ,morr[1 a witty1 bald+ ex-grad /ud5t 9 ma?1 "o ( ,silicon ,valley's bett] h>dw>e gurus--_h mean:ile act$ m successfully4 ,9 late #aihd x began m>ket+ ! ,pivot1 a t5-p\nd1 #b1die ,,ms-,,dos portable ) "o disk drive & a well-review$ clone ( ,word,star call$ ,new,word4 ,& a revitaliz$ ,osborne--on ! v]ge ( escap+ ! ,*apt] ,,xi bankruptcy proce$+s--w\ld soon sell its own v]sion ( ! ma*9e4 ,data ,g5]al1 ! m9i-mak] writt5 up 9 ! be/-sell] ,s\l ( a ,new ,ma*9e1 0 ano!r ?reat to ,kaypro4 ,9 ,septemb] #aihd x unveil$ ! ,data ,g5]al_/,"o1 :i* (f]$ ,,ibm compatibility1 a built-9 #gcg,k floppy disk drive1 & a #be-l9e flat scre54 ,a s(tw>e develop] jok$ t ! lett]s on ! scre5 7 s fa9t t ! ma*9e %\ld be sold ) a coal m9]'s hat to read x4 ,b ev5tually ! flat scre5 w\ld be j z readable z ! ,kaypro's ca?ode ray tube4 ,) ! inevitable price drops & ref9em5ts1 ma*9es l ! ,pivot & ! ,data ,g5]al_/,"o w\ld wreak havoc on ,kaypro sales unless ,kay retaliat$ ) ! "r flat-scre5 portable ( 8 own4 ,,ibm1 ,,at,t1 & ,compaq1 too1 7 design+ _! own flat-scre5 ma*9es4 ,& already ,hewlett-,pack>d _h be5 sell+ a #b1iie flat-scre5 comput] ) ! popul> ,lotus #a-b-c spread%eet program 9 ,read ,only ,memory--p]man5t memory4 ,ano!r firm--,epson1 a bran* ( ,seiko1 ! giant ,japanese conglom]ate kn[n = wat*es--0 %ipp+ a #iie comput] ) a compress$ v]sion ( ,word,star 9 ,,rom4 ,! scre5 display$ only #h l9es ( in=mation at a "t4 ,b )9 mon?s a #af-l9] f ,,nec 7=m]ly call$ ! ,nippon ,electric ,company7 hit ! m>ket at ! same price1 complete ) ,word,star & built-9 gadgetry = talk+ to o!r ma*9es on ! phone4 ,word,star 0 n[ ! only ^w-process+ program (f]$ free ) ! 8luggable0 ,kaypros4 ,if ,&y ,kay's lap-siz$ micro c\ldn't run x or a clone l ,new ,^w1 he might be pav+ ! way = "s ( 8 cu/om]s to buy rivals' flat scre5s t did4 ,mo/ buy]s us$ ,kaypros to write or type4 ,& h[ _m w\ld reli% a swit* to a new ^w-process+ program8 ,& :at ab\t pip+ ,word,star-compos$ lett]s & o!r docum5ts f ! luggables to ! lap-size ,kaypros8 ,cu/om]s c\ld d s1 b !n !y might h to ins]t new comm&s to tell _! pr9t]s to und]l9e or produce o!r special effects4 ,beyond ev]y?+ else1 ,&y ,kay _h bett] (f] good s(tw>e to fight rivals sell+ flat-scre5 ma*9es simil> to 84 ,& ,word,star ov] ! ye>s _h g5]ally be5 ! mo/ popul> ^w processor = micros4 #d ,word,star3 ,! ,creators ,ar?ur ,cl>ke is ! ,ar?ur ,cl>ke1 ! sci5ce-fiction writ] :o gave u #bjja & t bea/ly comput] nam$ ,,hal4 ,seym\r ,rub9/e9 is a ,cali=nia bus9essman ) only fleet+ m5tions outside ! magaz9es ( ! comput] trade4 ,he is lit]ate b n lit]>y4 ,:5 ,i talk$ to him1 he _h n read ,cl>ke's late/ novel4 ,yet ,seym\r ,rub9/e9 & a colleague play$ m ?an a small role 9 ! ! writ+ ( #bjaj2 = !y creat$ ,word,star1 ! ^w-process+ program t ,cl>ke uses4 ,word,star is to micro s(tw>e :at ,citiz5 ,kane is to movies3 x is old--by comput] /&>ds1 anyway--b x's "o ( ! be/ ( its k9d4 ,if1 :5 writ+1 ,cl>ke wants to ins]t a phrase sev]al s5t5ces back1 = in/ance1 he c j zip ! cursor to ! prop] place1 !n type 9 ! addition4 ,he ne$n't ent] a special 8,edit+0 mode4 ,"s ,word,star rivals may break up y\r ?\ghts by mak+ y *ange modes4 ,moreov]1 ) simple key/rokes1 ,cl>ke c ins]t1 drop1 & move :ole p>agraphs4 8,i c make corrections )\t hesitation t ,i w\ldn't h done be=e10 ,cl>ke said en?usia/ically ab\t ,word,star & 8 ,ar*ives micro4 8,x's at lea/ d\bl$ my production ) a qu>t] ( ! ef=t40 ,8 normal output = 8 books & articles 0 /ill ar\nd a ?\s& words a day1 b ,word,star _h made 8 writ+ m fun1 & n[ he 0 *urn+ out lett] aft] lett] to 8my neglect$ fri5ds40 8,i said ,i'd retir$10 he told me ov] ! phone f 8 home 9 ,sri ,lanka1 8b n[ ,i'm work+ on ?ree or f\r ?+s simultane\sly4 ,i hav5't t\*$ a typewrit] s9ce ,i got ?is comput] a ye> or s ago40#af ,y c easily und]/& :y he hasn't4 ,no long]1 = in/ance1 does a noisy bell tell ,cl>ke t he's ne>+ ! "r m>g9--he j keeps on typ+ & a feature call$ ^w wrap automatically takes him on to ! next l9e4 ,footnote #af3 ,cl>ke respond$ by phone 9 e>ly #aihc to que/ions ,i'd mail$ ab\t 8 use ( ,word,star4 ,grant$1 ,word,star is traditional s(tw>e4 ,x doesn't use icons1 = in/ance1 ^? cute little pictures ( wa/ebaskets or file fold]s t "s snazzy new programs w fla% across y\r scre5 to tell y :at y're do+4 ,& z ( ?is writ+1 anyway1 ! orig9al ,word,star didn't (f] split scre5s to %[ m ?an "o electronic file at once4 ,word,star #bjjj1 a relat$ b n id5tical program1 does4 ,fir/ m>ket$ 9 late #aihd1 x may supplant pla9 old ,word,star ev5tually1 b ! orig9al program w always h a special place 9 ! he>ts ( ! cognosc5ti4 ,x's an indisputable classic4 ,m ?an a million p h us$ ,word,star s9ce x appe>$ 9 #aigi4 ,rub9/e9 & ,rob ,b>naby1 ! brilliant programm] :o did ! actual cod+ = ,word,star1 are leg5ds4 ,z comput] te*nology matures1 ! ma*9es !mselves w be m]e commodities l televisions or ,walkman imitations4 ,x's ! programs t run on !m :i* w make ! diff]5ce4 ,word,star is at lea/ adequate1 & mo/ly sup]b1 9 all b ! la/ ( ^! areas3 #a4 ,abs5ce ( bugs4 ,! s(tw>e mak] %\ld h gott5 all ! bugs out s t ! program w run reliably on y\r comput]4 ,y c't write a complex program t w be absolutely bug-free4 ,b y c make x bug-free #ii p]c5t ( ! "t4 #b4 ,g5]al ease ( use4 ,a program %\ld be easy en\gh to le>n & use4 ,be+ logical helps2 ideally1 y c use comb9ations ( famili> comm&s to coax ! program into do+ _m ?+s t y hav5't done be=e4 #c4 ,good docum5tation4 ,! manual %\ld be cle> & logically organiz$4 ,ei!r ! simple/ mat]ial %\ld come e>lie/1 or else !re %\ld be a beg9n]'s v]sion2 also1 ! manual %\ld boa/ a good1 compreh5sive index4 #d4 ,usefulness to beg9n]s & old pros alike4 ,y c adju/ ! be/ programs to suit y\r own level ( skill ) !m4 #e4 ,spe$4 ,x lets y d y\r job fa/1 especially :5 y use x ) a h>d disk4 #f4 ,p[]4 ,relat$ to spe$4 ,! program c quickly accompli% complicat$ tasks l sub/itut+ "o ^w = ano!r 9 a contract ?\s&s ( words long4 ,imag9e ! boon to lawy]s plugg+ new names into /&>d boil]plate4 #g4 ,few] *ances = bot*-ups4 ,good programs limit ! *ances = c>eless errors 9 ! fir/ place4 #h4 ,! ,jewi%-uncle effect4 ,ideally1 y\r s(tw>e w sl[ y d[n or fla% a w>n+ :5 y're ab\t to ru9 y\r "w ) a few taps on ! wrong keys4 #i4 ,damage limitations 7if y d go(74 #aj4 ,aft]-!-go( fe$back4 ,aft] y've bot*$ up--& we all d soon] or lat]--! program w tell y h[ y did s4 #aa4 ,ability to cu/omize4 ,y or at lea/ a s(tw>e exp]t c cu/omize good programs = y\r use on y\r ma*9e4 #ab4 ,availability ( 8accessory0 programs to make y\r orig9al s(tw>e /ill m useful4 #ac4 ,support4 ,ideally1 ! s(tw>e sell] w /& beh9d 8 product if y h problems4 ,micro,pro's record "h is f> f ! be/2 ?is may *ange4 ,aga91 ,word,star isn't p]fect 7see ,backup ,,iii1 8,! ,lucky #ac10 = a m detail$ description ( x & crit]ia = *oos+ good s(tw>e71 b x comes clos] ?an mo/ o!r popul> programs4 ,"h are a few t]ms useful to p %opp+ = a ^w processor3 #a4 ,a cursor is j ! m>k] on y\r scre5--a bl9k+ l9e1 maybe--t %[s :]e a lett] w appe> :5 y type4 ,cursor keys move ! cursor up1 d[n1 left1 or "r4 #b4 ,a file is an electronic v]sion ( a lett]1 report1 or o!r docum5t or collection ( data4 #c4 ,a control key is :at y />t hold+ d[n to turn a lett] or s]ies ( lett]s into comm&s = y\r comput]4 ,us$ ) ! control key1 ! lett]s normally won't %[ up 9 ! docum5t y're typ+4 ,"s programs1 by ! way1 may use ! control key & an escape key1 :i* c\ld be a way to get f "o "p ( ! program to ano!r4 ,or ! escape key may take on functions simil> to ! control key4 ,9 addition1 !re's an alt]nate key t y may also use to help boss y\r ma*9e ar\nd4 #d4 ,to scroll j means to move f place to place 9 y\r electronic docum5t4 ,x's l roll+ or unroll+ a ,torah or o!r scroll1 except "h !re's no ink or pap]1 j patt]ns ( electrons 9 y\r comput] memory & dots on y\r scre54 ,on mo/ comput] monitors y see only #bd l9es ( typ+ at a "t4 #e4 ,a m5u li/s comm&s on y\r scre54 ,x c tell y h[ to locate a docum5t on y\r disk or :at to d :ile y're at "w !re4 #f4 ,a block move is ! ability to move mat]ial f "o "p ( y\r docum5t to ano!r4 #g4 ,a global se>* tracks d[n specifi$ words 9 y\r docum5t4 #h4 ,a se>* & replace sub/itutes "o ^w 7or gr\p ( words7 = ano!r4 ,word,star's creators1 ,seym\r ,rub9/e9 & ,rob ,b>naby1 are l ,orson ,welles & ,h]man ,mankiewicz ( ,citiz5 ,kane4 ,! movie w\ld h be5 hack melodrama )\t ! brilliance ( bo? ! produc]-director & 8 writ]2 & yet critics /ill argue ov] ,kane's exact orig9s4 ,s x is ) ,word,star4 ,:5 ,"t said ,rub9/e9 _h writt5 ! program1 a fri5d ( ,b>naby's :ipp$ (f an angry lett] to ! editor4 ,i won't take sides "h4 ,rub9/e91 h[ev]1 f> f play+ d[n ,b>naby's ,word,star role to me1 unhesitat+ly pass$ on 8 phone numb] :5 ,i ask$4 ,b>naby is equally will+ to ackn[l$ge ! importance ( 8 collaborator4 ,ev5 ! lett] writ] emphasizes ! usefulness ( ,rub9/e9's salesman%ip & 8 p]ception ( ! s(tw>e m>ket back 9 ! late #aigjs :5 ,word,star 0 born4 ,a %ort1 /ocky1 bespectacl$ man 9 8 fifties1 ,rub9/e9 grew up 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ! son ( a p9ball- & novelty-ma*9e own] :o di$ :ile ,seym\r 0 /ill 9 grade s*ool4 ,8 "m work$ z a cl]k4 8,my fir/ job10 ,rub9/e9 said1 80 a help] on a fruit truck :5 ,i 0 twelve ye>s old40 ,two ye>s lat]1 h[ev]1 8 neighbors 7 8lett+ me ru9 _! radios10 & by 8 mid-tw5ties1 he seem$ settl$ into ! r\t9e ( a ,,tv repairman4 ,b ,rub9/e9 grew re/less aft] six mon?s' res]ve milit>y duty 9 ! #aiejs2 he att5d$ night s*ool at ,brooklyn ,college & took up te*nical writ+4 ,decades lat] he recall$ a navigational comput] he enc\nt]$ :ile a civilian1 speak+ z if x 7 8 8,rosebud10 z if he 7 ,*>les ,kane ?9k+ ab\t ! ,colorado sn[s & ! "n on 8 *ildhood sl$4 ,he gave me ! ma*9e's exact measurem5ts1 eight by n9e by twelve in*es4 ,!n1 mix+ no/algia ) awe1 he said1 8,if y op5$ x up1 x w\ld look l a ,swiss wat*mak]'s nightm>e1 all ^? ge>s & little electronic ?+s :irr+ & click+ away4 ,b ) x y c\ld take (f f an aircraft c>ri] & circle ov]head & press ! reset button & fly any:]e y want$1 & :]ev] y flew1 an indicator kept track ( h[ f> y 7 f t spot on ! ocean & told h[ y c\ld return40 ,ask ,rub9/e9 ab\t 8 e>ly c>e] & y may he> m talk ( ma*9es ?an ( p4 8#b0 ,! h>dw>e1 h[ev]1 help$ make ! man4 ,rub9/e9 sp5t ye>s work+ ) data-communications networks--! ones t1 = in/ance1 h&le airl9e res]vations or cr$it-c>d in=mation4 ,)\t quick1 accurate updat+1 ^! real-"t sy/ems are wor?less3 j ask anyone :om an airl9e has book$ on an already-full flight4 ,y c\ld h ! be/-design$ comput]s 9 ! cosmos4 ,b ! "q 9 ! end may be 8,did ! airl9e cl]k key 9 res]vations = y on ! "r flight at ! "r "t80 ,& ,rub9/e9's s(tw>e philosophy lat] reflect$ 8 real-"t "w4 ,he orig9ally did n int5d ,word,star = ! bumbl+ & ! lazy b = 8! production typi/0 on :om ! boss heavily c\nt$ = bo? spe$ & accuracy4 ,9 my la/ int]view ) ,rub9/e9 = ?is book1 he d[nplay$ 8 /atem5t t he creat$ ,word,star = ! fleet-f+]$ typi/4 8,i believe t ev]yone des]ves a product appropriate to 8 p>ticul> classification10 he said1 8& :ile ,word,star may h be5 aim$ at a p>ticul> ni*e1 t is n to say we %\ldn't enl>ge ! scope ( ?is product4444 ,we're go+ to make ! next v]sion easi] to le>n40 ,z ?\s&s ( pr(essionals & executives c v]ify1 h[ev]1 ,word,star all along has be5 q le>nable4 ,e>ly 9 8 comput] c>e] ,rub9/e9 also grasp$ ! importance ( cle> docum5tation to guide p ?r\gh ! programs4 ,,ibm at ! "t 0 "o ( ! _w's l>ge/ publi%]s1 at lea/ 9 %e] volume ( pap] consum$1 rank+ "r up ne> ,r&om ,h\se & o!r giants1 & ,rub9/e9 recalls ! old manuals z abysmal3 8,y really _h to h a lot ( drive & pati5ce to get ?r\gh _! /uff40 ,programm]s rose or fell accord+ to _! ability to pu% ?r\gh 8arbitr>y collections ( mat]ial arrang$ 9 an arbitr>y ord]40 ,rub9/e91 :o by n[ _h =sak5 te*nical writ+ = programm+1 made a discov]y helpful to any s(tw>e us]3 y won't s]ve y\rself be/1 necess>ily1 by completely memoriz+ ! manuals4 ,! trick1 r1 is to "k :]e to turn 9 a hurry :5 y d h a problem4 ,9 #aigg1 w&]+ ?r\gh a /ore = comput] hobbyi/s 9 ,san ,rafael1 ,cali=nia1 ,rub9/e9 saw a box ) blue-&-r$ swit*es & lights1 & 8x look$ really int]e/+4 ,i w5t home1 built x1 & a week lat] ,i _h a comput]40#ag ,footnote #ag3 ,info,world1 ,april #e1 #aihb4 ,x 0 8 fir/ micro1 p]haps m ( 8 ,rosebud1 aft] all1 ?an ! navigational comput]4 8,i _h sp5t _m h\rs ( my life 9 v brightly lit1 cold rooms 9 ! middle ( ! night1 surr\nd$ by millions ( doll>s' wor? ( junk10 he once recall$4 ,& yet 8 new dw>f seem$ 8a true comput]0 to him 89 e s5se ( ! ^w4 ,i c\ld see ! pot5tial1 & ,i got v excit$40#ah ,8 elation grew :5 he saw t a company nam$ ,,imsai1 run by an old boss1 _h produc$ ! kit4 ,he once rememb]$ ! firm1 n[ defunct1 z 8"o ( ! t9y companies t really made ?is indu/ry happ54 ,! indu/ry did n happ5 by "s big1 fam\s manufactur] decid+ ?is 0 :at he 0 go+ to d4 ,x 0 a grass-roots movem5t40#ai ,footnote #ah3 ,info,world1 ,april #e1 #aihb4 ,footnote #ai3 ,h4 ,edw>d ,rob]ts1 presid5t ( ,,mits 7,micro ,in/rum5tation & ,telemetry ,sy/ems71 a ,new ,mexico company lat] ov]:elm$ by ! competition1 came z close z anyone to be+ ! fa!r ( ! fir/ successful p]sonal comput]4 ,8 ,altair #hjhj made ! cov] ( ,popul> ,electronics 9 ,janu>y #aige4 ,rub9/e9 jo9$ ,,imsai z s(tw>e-products manag] & )9 two mon?s 0 m>ket+ director2 !re he sign$ ! fir/ contract betwe5 a comput] manufactur] & ,digital ,rese>* = ,,cp_/,m1 ! popul> op]at+ sy/em--! only "o ) :i* ,word,star at fir/ w\ld "w4 ,leav+ ,,imsai 9 #aigh1 ,rub9/e9 8knew exactly :at ,i want$ to d40 ,he w\ld 8build packag$ s(tw>e0 = bus9essm5 & o!rs unfamili> ) comput] arcana4 ,regi/]+ out a bus9ess "n 9 ,june1 he includ$ 8,int]national0 aft] 8,micro,pro0 because 8,i felt t ) ! "r1 well-design$ products1 ,europe w\ld be an approa*able m>ket40#bj ,footnote #bj3 ,! ,novemb] #aihb ,,pc ,magaz9e is ! s\rce ( ! quotes on ,rub9/e9's bus9ess plans aft] ,,imsai4 ,rub9/e9 0 b>ely out ( ! ,,imsai fold :5 he dropp$ by ,rob ,b>naby's flat 9 ,b]keley1 ,cali=nia4 ,! two _h met at ,,imsai1 :i* ,b>naby _h left a %ort "t e>li]1 = diff]5t reasons1 aft] hot words betwe5 ! moody "y programm] & 8 boss4 ,b>naby 0 a ,h>v>d graduate1 a physics major1 a t5nis pro's son1 ! desc5dant ( an old ,new ,engl& family4 ,a patt]n 9 8 life 0 seem+ly em]g+ by ! "t he rea*$ 8 ?irties2 he w\ld ?r[ himself into comput] jobs1 program ma/]fully = a :ile1 !n f9d 8 int]e/ wan+4 ,j be=e jo9+ ,,imsai1 ,b>naby _h be5 fix+ up old h\ses4 8,i k9d ( l creat+ ?+s ) comput]s & =gett+ !m & gett+ away f !m :5 ,i'm n creat+ some?+ new10 ,b>naby told me4 ,he 0 9 no hurry1 q likely1 to return to "w aft] ,,imsai1 hav+ salt$ away a good "p ( 8 sal>y4 8,i l ! flexibility t sav+ money produces40 ,he isn't mat]iali/ic--! v anti!sis ( x4 ,& yet money & ,word,star are toge!r a t\*y subject4 ,b>naby's "w = ,micro,pro seem+ly did n make him ri*1 at lea/ n ,cali=nia ri*4 8,x 0 orig9ally royalties10 ,b>naby said1 8& :5 ! royalties play$ out1 ,i took a sal>y & a /ock option40 ,8 total e>n+s f ,micro,pro 7 some:]e 9 ! six figures4 8,i want y to und]/& :]e 8 ego is10 said ! fri5d :o wrote ,"t4 8,he's (t5 *id$ by p = all[+ himself to be tak5 advantage ( & he simply does n want to discuss x4 ,he says1 #8,i made a deal4 ,i kept my promise1 ,seym\r kept 8 promise & t's x4'0 ,describ+ ! circum/ances 9 a peculi>ly ,cali=nian way1 ! fri5d said3 8,if ,seym\r 0 really gre$y he w\ld h gone to ,rob two ye>s ago & said some?+ l1 #8,hey1 y got to believe me1 ,rob1 ,i nev] expect$ ?is ?+ w\ld ev] d :at x's done4 ,& ,i'd l to d "r by y & s ,i w\ld l y to graci\sly accept ?is *eck = #aej1jjj ,i br\ght ) me "h today4' ,!n ,seym\r w\ld h own$ him4 ,rob did n get ri* writ+ ,word,star4 ,p ?9k t1 b x's simply n true4 ,i've se5 x4 ,! guy's a fri5d ( m9e4 ,he's back to "w aga9 because ( f9ancial ne$40 8,we 7 bo? v poor10 ,rub9/e9 told me e>li] ab\t himself & ,b>naby4 8,i _h less ?an #h1ejj to my "n1 9 fact1 b ,i gave ,rob a #b1ejj reta9]1 a ?ird ( my ca% res]ves4 ,i own$ a h\se1 b ! bank own$ mo/ ( x40 ,rub9/e9 (f]$ to make ,b>naby a p>tn]4 ,b>naby1 *>act]i/ically w>y ( entanglem5ts1 turn$ him d[n4 ,an e>ly program ,b>naby did = ,rub9/e9 0 a programm]'s aid1 :i*1 among o!r ?+s1 let y move words & numb]s ar\nd m easily on ! scre54 ,x 0 no m a ^w processor ?an a p5cil4 ,nor did ,b>naby int5d x to be "o3 8,i 0 writ+ a program editor1 a tool = me40 ,yet 8comput] /ores w\ld be try+ to sell p some?+ !y c\ld write lett]s )1 & x w\ld get back to ,seym\r t our program def9itely did n h ^? features40 ,rub9/e9 recalls tak+ a big h9t f deal]s' en?usiasm = a program call$ ,electric ,p5cil4 8,:at !y lik$10 he said1 80 y c\ld bo? ent] & pr9t f ! same program1 & y _h a lot ( control ov] ! pr9t\t4 ,y c\ld specify ?+s l und]l9+ & m>g9 sett+s1 b x 0 v primitive4 ,y c]ta9ly c\ldn't imag9e :at x w\ld be l until y pr9t$ x4 ,y didn't "k :]e page breaks w\ld occur1 :]e "o page w\ld end & ano!r began10 & s y might h to pr9t sev]al times be=e y got x "r1 s9ce ea* *ange might create new breaks 9 ! wrong places4 ,t 0 micro ^w process+ #aigjs /yle4 ,y ei!r put up ) all ^! na/y details or pray$ = a sweep/akes kill+ s y c\ld buy a #bj1jjj 8d$icat$0 ma*9e f ,,ibm or ,wang4 ,:5 ,y ,%\ld ,buy a ,d$icat$ ,^w ,processor ,"h are "s times :5 y %\ld s]i\sly consid] x3 #a4 ,:5 y "w = a /uffy old bureaucracy t's ri* & afraid ( ! new4 #b4 ,:5 y're a procurem5t (fic] on probation4 ,z !y say1 no "o's lo/ 8 job = buy+ ,x]ox r ?an ,br& ,non-,x4 ,!n aga91 y\r boss may bawl y out = n buy+ a ,x]ox micro4 #c4 ,:5 y want to dump ! tra9+ problems 9 ! manufactur]'s lap4 ,( c\rse1 _m indep5d5t companies & consultants n[adays are tra9+ p to use micros1 especially ,i,b,ms4 #d4 ,:5 y pref] an extra-l>ge1 extra-%>p scre5 & giant memory & :5 y c't easily f9d micros ( comp>able quality4 ,"h1 too1 ,i'm skeptical4 ,! gap betwe5 micro h>dw>e & ! d$icat$s is n>r[+4 #e4 ,:5 y're look+ = a ma*9e t w run special s(tw>e t ! micros won't4 ,fondly1 a ,hollywood writ]-director tells ( a script-=mat+ program 8dream$ up by "s lunatic 9 nor!rn ,cali=nia40 ,n[adays1 h[ev]1 m programm]s are writ+ = micros ?an = d$icat$ ^w processors4 ,y %\ld ?9k 8,micro0 if y're work+ = 7#a7 y\rself1 7#b7 a ne$y company or organization1 or 7#c7 a ri*1 frugal "o4 8,b10 y ask1 8:at ab\t repair80 ,well1 surprise3 _m big companies--includ+ ,x]ox itself--are n[ 9 ! micro repair bus9ess4 ,besides1 = ! price ( "o d$icat$1 y might buy bo? a micro & a backup4 ,psy*+ out ! m>ket1 ,rub9/e9 n only li/5$ to comput]-/ore own]s b read up on ! features ( ! d$icat$s1 det]m9$ to mat* !m4 ,9 "s ways1 9 fact1 he hop$ to surpass ^! rivals4 ,f ! v beg9n+ he 0 aga9/ built-9 function keys features1 believ+ t !y actually sl[$ d[n typi/s by =c+ !m to take _! h&s (f _! ma9 keybo>ds4 ,pitt+ himself aga9/ ,,ibm & ! o!r giants ( ! ^w-process+ _w1 ,b>naby work$ 9 a sp>e b$room f :i* he evict$ an electric-tra9 set4 ,he wrote ! ,word,star ) a br&-new ,,imsai comput]1 #fd,k ,,ram1 two #ecj,k disks4 ,8 big1 fat ,teletype ,model #dj pr9t] crawl$ along at a pokey #aj *>act]s p] second1 b he p\r$ out 8 code z if he 7 a muse-inspir$ noveli/4 8,work+ out :atev] x 0 he 0 go+ to code10 ,rub9/e9 recall$1 8he w\ld sit 9 front ( ! ma*9e & 8 f+]s w\ld fly4 ,& he w\ld actually gr[l at ! ma*9e ) 8 *9 jutt$ out--rrr1 rrr1 l t--& he w\ld p\nd ! keys z fa/ z he c\ld g1 because he c\ldn't get into ! ma*9e fa/ en\gh40 ,betwe5 fall #aigh & summ] #aigi ,b>naby typically work$ eighte5 h\rs a day on ,word,star1 & sometimes _m m 9 ! fr5zy ( x all4 ,rub9/e9 said1 8,i /ay$ up a few nights ) him1 9 fact4 ,he 0 y\ng] ?an ,i 0--/ill is10 he said dryly1 8s ,i c\ldn't d x z mu* z he c\ld4 ,he 0 an excell5t cod]1 "o ( ! be/ ,i've ev] se5 9 t]ms ( spe$ & accuracy & putt+ 9 features t are real clev]40 ,b>naby1 9 turn1 praises ,rub9/e9's contributions to ,word,star4 8,seym\r set ! g5]al goals4 ,i w\ldn't h kn[n :at ! _w want$ because ,i'm n 9 t\* ) ! _w4 ,he gave me a lot ( specifics4 ,he 0 probably ! p]son :o us$ ,word,star ! mo/ & gave me ! mo/ comm5ts1 because he bridges ! range f be+ able to und]/& :]e te*nical p's heads are at & be+ able to relate to ! outside _w & ! m>ket4 ,he 0 a programm] ye>s ago4 ,he's famili> ) ! process ,i g ?r\gh4 ,he doesn't l to d x anymore1 b he sort ( und]/&s :at ,i'm do+4 ,i ?9k ! m5us 7 8 idea0--! in/ructions t pop up on ! scre5 if ! typi/ takes too mu* "t to execute a ,word,star comm&4 ,rub9/e9 also recalls contribut+ t\*es l ! ,q effect1 :i* accel]ates ! impact ( o!r ,word,star comm&s2 & he says he ?\ght up ! dott$ l9es t cross ! scre5 to m>k page breaks4 ,no matt] :o did :at = ,word,star1 h[ev]1 x's likely t ,b>naby1 reg>dless ( ,rub9/e9's helpful /udies ( ! m>ket1 0 writ+ mo/ly = ,b>naby4 8,i don't he> a voice f ! _w10 he g5]aliz$ to me ab\t 8 cod+ habits4 8,i he> a voice f ! back ( my head40 ,rob ,b>naby1 y might say1 0 ,word,star's fir/ us]4 ,he us$ ,word,star z a programm+ aid to write ,word,star4 ,!n he us$ ,word,star to write ! manual = ,word,star4 ,z we talk$1 ,i realiz$ h[ close 8 work+ habits came to m9e & h[1 cod+ ,word,star = himself & ,rub9/e91 he _h also programm$ x = me4 ,x 0 n s mu* a fluke t ! program's logic co9cid$ ) m9e4 ,s1 9 _m ways1 did ,b>naby's p]sonal writ+ habits4 8,i fiddle ar\nd a lot ) text10 he said4 8,i try to get ! po9ts d[n1 & !n ,i try to get good s5t5ces to say !m )4 ,if ,i f9d ,i try to ^w ! ?+ "r f ! />t1 ,i lose x4 ,i mu/ see ?+s on ! scre540 ,am51 ,rob4 ,i don't write my be/ ,engli% inside my head1 ei!r2 ,i1 too1 mu/ see4 ,l me1 ,b>naby might h loa!d ! programs t didn't let y zip ! cursor to an error & correct x )\t mu* ado4 ,! creation ( ,word,star1 by ! way1 wasn't ! only act ( g5ius f ,micro,pro4 ,! "n 0 a m>ket]'s dream4 ,:y 8,word,star08 ,micro,pro already _h ! programm]'s aid call$ ,word,master1 & ,rub9/e9 app>5tly held an in=mal "n-?is-product conte/ = ! new ^w processor4 8,:o's ?is =80 ask$ an employee nam$ ,b>b>a4 8,x's really = ! production-m9d$ secret>y10 he repli$4 8,:y don't y call x ,^w--80 %e said1 us+ a vulg> synonym = 8cat40 8,:at80 ,b>b>a mull$ x ov]4 8,maybe t's a little too risqu4 ,b y say ! secret>y's ! h]o80 8,yes10 said ,rub9/e94 8,! />80 8,yes40 8,!n :y n call x ,word,star80 ,& s x 04 ,hitt+ ! m>ketplace 9 ! summ] ( #aigi1 ! product click$2 no competitor came close2 at lea/ none (f]$ ,word,star's get-:at-y-see pr9t+ features4 ,rub9/e9 _h come out ) good1 timely s(tw>e1 & n[ he 0 rid+ ! beg9n+s ( ! micro wave4 ,j z ) ,visi,calc1 buy]s soon ask$ ab\t ,word,star by "n--be=e !y b\ght _! comput]s4 ,9 fact1 (t5 x 0 :y !y b\ght micros4 ,& ,rub9/e9 f\nd ,word,star wasn't m]ely a good fir/ sale = deal]s4 ,frequ5tly1 x w\ld be a second4 ,balk+ at ,word,star's price1 cu/om]s w\ld make d ) an inf]ior ^w processor b rememb] ! sales reps' orig9al praise ( ! ,micro,pro program4 ,ironically1 z ,word,star 0 tak+ (f1 ,b>naby1 its writ]1 0 head$ t[>d ano!r burn\t4 ,! atmosph]e ar\nd ,micro,pro 0 *ang+4 ,rub9/e91 :o ev5tually w\ld "n a ya*t ! ,micro,star & move into a hilltop home ) a sunk5 tile tub1 0 los+ t\* ) "s programm]s4 8,!y lock$ u up 9 ?is little w9d[less room ) ,cu/om] ,support10 recall$ ,jim ,fox1 ,b>naby's =m] assi/ant1 :o work$ on ,word,star ,v]sion #c4j1 ! "o ,i'm us+4 8,x 0 messy4 ,x 0 v noisy--n v good air circulation4 ,& !n !y 7 expect+ u to d programm+4 ,rob ask$ mon?s & mon?s = %elves1 & !y nev] gave !m until he ?rew a temp] tantrum40 ,x seem$ /range = ,rub9/e9 to let ?is happ54 ,ev]yone agrees t #djj1jjj home or n1 he 0 ! opposite ( a golf-c\rse presid5t4 ,& yet ,rub9/e9 _h burd5$ ,micro,pro ) high-te* bureaucrats :o 7 turn+ x into a m9i-,wa%+ton1 inflict+ reorganization aft] reorganization4 ,! real produc]s1 :e!r sales reps or programm]s1 sometimes suff]$4 ,b>naby quit 9 ! summ] ( #aihj j aft] work+ on an important si/] program ( ,word,star1 ,mail,merge1 :i* helps bus9esses p]sonalize lett]s ) names plugg$ 9 f mail li/s4 8,to my k10 ,rub9/e9 told me 9 e>ly #aihc1 8he has n cod$ any?+ ( significance s9ce40 ,rub9/e9 0 tell+ ! tru? z he knew x4 ,b>naby1 inde$1 _h l>gely =gott5 ab\t comput]s4 ,he _h lo/ excess weight2 he _h travel$2 he _h /opp$ smok+ & %av$ (f 8 be>d4 ,9 sup]ficial ways he seem$ a diff]5t man f ! writ] ( ,word,star4 ,& yet ,b>naby _h left s(tw>e be=e & return$2 & 9 late #aihb1 unkn[n to ,rub9/e9 app>5tly1 he _h aga94 ,x wasn't j t he ne$$ ! money4 ,he c\ld no long] flee comput]dom s easily4 ,a b>ri] _h tumbl$1 ! "o betwe5 8 "w & ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,once micros _h be5 mo/ly hobbyi/s' toys1 dem&+ h\rs ( sold]+ & programm+4 ,_m ( 8 fri5ds hadn't fa?om$ :at he did4 ,b n[ ,b>naby 0 he>+ a woman--=m]ly p]plex$--say t ,word,star 0 ! rage at ! /ores :]e %e 0 %opp+ = h] new bus9ess comput]4 ,b>naby's fa!r got #bjaj = ,*ri/mas & read t ,ar?ur ,cl>ke _h writt5 x ) ,word,star2 ,cl>ke _h s5t ! book to ,new ,york on a five-in* floppy & transmitt$ f9al corrections f ,sri ,lanka ?r\gh 8 comput] ov] a satellite l9k4 ,ano!r sci5ce-fiction lead]1 ,i discov]$1 also 0 hop+ to cat* up ) #bjaj--,seym\r ,rub9/e94 ,return$ to comput]s1 be>d$ aga91 ,b>naby 9 e>ly #aihc 0 work+ = a small rival ( ,micro,pro1 ,*ang ,laboratories1 aim+ at ! lucrative m>ket = s(tw>e compatible ) ,,ibm's #af-;bit ,,pc4 ,he 0 l a canny ,hollywood scriptwrit]4 ,b>naby 0 some:at vague ab\t 8 s(tw>e plans1 9 "p because he really did n "k :at he w\ld create 9 ! end1 b p]haps also because he did n want to al]t ! competition4 ,he w\ld n1 9 e>ly #aihc1 say he 0 work+ on a new ^w processor1 only t he 0 at ! keybo>d ( 8 new ,,ibm4 ,x ran ,word,star4 ,b>naby1 l ?\s&s ( o!r p1 _h b\ght 8 ,,ibm v]sion at a local ,computer,land /ore4 ,y might say x 0 ! neat completion ( a circle1 = ! f\nd] ( ! ,computer,land *a9 0 none o!r ?an ,bill ,mill>d1 ! man beh9d ,,imsai1 ,b>naby's =m] employ]4 ,b>naby (f]$ 8 op9ion ( ! ,word,star v]sion he _h b\ght at ,computer,land--compet5t b unimag9ative4 ,well1 h[ c\ld he outdo 8 ,word,star8 ,b>naby answ]$1 & despite 8 refusal to be p9n$ d[n on a future project 78,x c\ld be a spread%eet071 he gave at lea/ an inkl+ ( :at ano!r ^w processor f him c\ld be l4 ,among o!r ?+s1 ,b>naby w\ld take advantage ( ! new] ma*9es' m p[]ful memories2 he'd write m in/ructions = ! ,,ram4 ,s he w\ldn't h to *oose z mu* betwe5 mak+ ! program ei!r 7#a7 m easily und]/ood or 7#b7 capable ( mov+ ar\nd words 9 ! fa/e/ or mo/ effici5t way4 ,sm>t comput]s & dumb humans c\ld coexi/ m gracefully4 ,also1 he'd r$uce ! numb] ( comm&s 9 ,word,star1 a good idea if n ov]done4 8,i've ?\ght1 ,gee1 c\ldn't ,i h only two or ?ree ways ( delet+ text r ?an tw5ty4 ,& ,i look at my habits1 & ,i d use a lot ( !m4 ,b mo/ ( !m ,i c\ld replace ) ! same numb] ( key/rokes or only "o m key/roke us+ a comb9ation ( o!r comm&s4 ,i'd nev] tri$ to write a program :]e y didn't h to read ! manual be=e4 ,& ,i /ill don't ?9k ,i've succe$$4 ,i ?9k t's a wor?y goal = ! future--to write a program t doesn't h to h a manual40 ,back at ,micro,pro1 ,rub9/e91 by e>ly #aihc1 _h fall5 beh9d "s previ\s goals ( 8 own4 ,few] ?an #bej p work$ = ! company1 or less ?an half ! peak numb]1 & ! company _h saddl$ itself e>li] ) hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s a ye> 9 (fice leases x no long] ne$$4 8,!re 7 "s odd ?+s t happ5$ int]nally ) ^! visions ( increas+ numb]s ( sales10 said a =m] ,micro,pro man1 8& !y hir$ too _m p too quickly4 ,!y pay v well1 & _! salesm5 7 gett+ incr$ible commissions4 ,i "k "o guy--8 fir/ mon? 9 sales he took home five gr& 9 commissions40 ,did he su/a9 t am\nt8 8,he didn't10 said ! ex-,micro,pro employee4 8,e mon? aft] t he fell40 ,& s1 x seem$1 did ! sales rep's colleagues at ,micro,pro4 8,!y kept try+ to break record aft] record10 ! =m] employee recall$1 8& ! only way to d x 0 to ext5d g5]\s cr$it & get _! products out ! door4444 ,!y _h to produce all ! programs p ord]$1 b !y w]5't gett+ _! money imm$iately40 ,) high int]e/ rates1 "s buy]s w\ld /all paym5ts z long z possible4 ,micro,pro's gr[? problems w]5't unique4 ,ano!r pione] 9 micro s(tw>e1 ,lifeboat ,associates1 a di/ributor1 also f\nd itself ov]exp&$ & laid (f employees4 ,micro,pro likewise suff]$ :5 programm]s1 ord]$ to meet ,rub9/e9's deadl9e1 cut corn]s on an e>ly v]sion ( ,word,star = ! ,,ibm ,,pc4 ,! s(tw>e 0 too h>d to adapt to cu/om]s' pr9t]s4 ,& !n ,,ibm ?rew ,micro,pro a loop4 ,x sudd5ly *ang$ ! ,,pc's op]at+ sy/em 9 a way t made ,word,star glit* up4 ,micro,pro wasn't ! culprit "h4 ,& yet x 0 ! "o receiv+ angry phone calls f fru/rat$ cu/om]s4 ,x 01 9 a s5se1 a victim ( its own reputation = quality4 ,micro,pro products _h bugs l o!r s(tw>e mak]s'1 b few] ( !m ?an mo/1 s t ! ,,ibm ,word,star problems--s9ce correct$--enrag$ cu/om]s ) high expectations4 ,old fri5ds ( ,rub9/e9's1 mean:ile1 compla9$ t ! firm _h no?+ truly orig9al com+ out1 t ,micro,pro _h evolv$ f a programm+ company to a m>ket+ "o4 ,i disagre$ some:at4 ,micro,pro _h succe$$ l>gely because ,rub9/e9 _h aggressively sold himself & 8 programs4 ,& yet x 0 also true no o!r ,micro,pro product _h comm&$ z mu* att5tion z ,word,star1 ! fir/ big "o4 ,mi*ael ,canyes1 a comput] consultant1 compla9$ t x 0 8gett+ a little gray ar\nd ! temples40 ,x 0 "t = updates1 dra/ic ones4 ,if !y didn't come1 if competitors kept duplicat+ v>i\s features ( ,word,star1 ! program w\ld ev5tually p]i%4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 t hadn't happ5$4 ,no?+ _h appe>$ t 0 bo? z good z ,word,star & m>ket$ z successfully4 8,if y'd ask$ me :5 ,i fir/ introduc$ x10 ,b>naby said1 8,i w\ld h said z soon z we /opp$ mov+1 somebody w\ld h done some?+ bett]4 ,i sort ( ?\ght ,word,star w\ld be gone by n[1 b x's gr[+ in/ead4 ,x may sell a million by ! "t x's done40 ,he wasn't bragg+2 he 0 "r4 ,we 7 talk+ n[ 9 summ] #aihc4 ,b>naby _h remov$ himself f ! payroll ( ,*ang ,laboratories1 & ,i suspect$ x might be because he worri$ ab\t liv+ up to 8 fir/ success4 ,b>naby didn't disc\rage t impression4 ,:5 ask$ if ano!r ,word,star might be on its way1 he said1 8,i hit once2 ,i may n hit aga940 ,i und]/ood4 ,he 0 no diff]5t f a writ] try+ to create ano!r blockbu/] book or movie2 he w\ld be compet+ aga9/ himself--a conte/ made m difficult by ! fact t ,micro,pro's m>ket+ exp]tise w\ld no long] be on 8 side4 ,i sugge/$ t he & ,rub9/e9 might bo? b5efit by work+ toge!r aga9 z a team4 ,if ,b>naby agre$1 ?\gh1 he c]ta9ly didn't make t cle> to me1 & ,i hung up ?9k+ t ! ,b>naby-,rub9/e9 collaboration 0 z dead z ! ,welles-,mankiewicz "o4 8,let's j put x ?is way10 said ,b>naby ( ,micro,pro4 8,!y c\ld h made me happi] !re & ,i'd /ill be !re1 & ,micro,pro w\ld /ill be gr[+ in/ead ( be+ flat40 8,rob is belov$ ar\nd "h10 said a public relations woman at ,micro,pro :5 ,i sugge/$ t ! company might b5efit f 8 return1 8b we h _m o!r good programm]s40 ,n long aft]w>d ,i 0 talk+ to ,seym\r ,rub9/e94 ,he 0 decid$ly m upbeat ab\t ,micro,pro's =tune ?an ,b>naby _h be54 ,he _h add$ "s fifty p to 8 /aff s9ce we'd la/ talk$4 ,rub9/e9 pr$ict$ record sales ( ab\t #db million 9 #aihc1 ( :i* ,word,star w\ld be #fe p]c5t2 he expect$ t 8 ^w processor w\ld ?rive inside ! ,r,o,ms ( #a1ejj lap-siz$ comput]s4 ,dur+ our conv]sation ,i express$ my a/oni%m5t ov] a newspap] article2 suppos$ly1 a programm]--unnam$--_h dream$ up ,word,star 9 a week or s dur+ vacation4 8,i 0 amaz$ to see x myself10 ,rub9/e9 said4 8,x 0 really romanticiz+ some?+ 9 a way t wasn't necess>y1 beyond n be+ true40 8,i talk$ to ,b>naby10 ,i said1 8& he has ! normal worries ( programm]s & writ]-writ]s--:e!r he c ev] repeat 8 success4 ,& ,i /ill wond] ab\t ! *ances ( y two com+ toge!r aga940 8,well10 ,rub9/e9 said )\t ! slighte/ pause1 8,i got him back work+ aga940 8,n[80 8,yep40 8,:580 8,j />t$ a week & a half ago40 8,*ri/10 ,i said1 8,i sort ( popp$ ! "q to him40 8,i'd j z soon y didn't broadca/ x10 ,rub9/e9 said4 8,he's n 9 solid yet1 b ,i expect he w be4 ,y c put 9 !re a blurb t z ( ?is writ+ ,b>naby came back = a te/ run to see :e!r he c\ld get involv$ aga940 8,z a ,word,star us]10 ,i said1 8,i h a selfi% int]e/ 9 8 develop+ x fur!r4 ,w he be work+ on ,word,star80 8,he'll be work+ on ,word,star10 said ,rub9/e94 ,l a movie man1 he excit$ly describ$ 8 com+ attraction4 78,x'll j knock _! socks (f407 ,! new ,word,star w\ld conta9 a spread%eet4 ,also1 us$ ) ! "r pr9t]s1 x w\ld (f] proportional spac+1 mean+ t an 8,i0 w\ld take up less room ?an a 8,w10 mak+ ! pr9t look m booklike4 ,:at's m1 ! new ,word,star w\ld be simpl] to le>n4 ,li/5+ to ,rub9/e9 rav+ ov] 8 =?com+ ^w processor1 ,i c\ld tell t if ,b>naby didn't "w out on ! new project1 ,micro,pro might use someone else4 ,ideally1 h[ev]1 x w\ldn't4 8,j incr$ible10 ,rub9/e9 _h said ( ,b>naby's cod+ ( ,word,star4 8,! man is a consummate arti/40 ,surely1 ,i ?\ght1 ,ar?ur ,cl>ke w\ld agree4 ,b>naby /ay$ "s mon?s ) ,micro,pro4 ,9 fact1 he _h help$ fit ,word,star into ! little memory ( ! ,epson lap-siz$ portable m>ket$ t ye>4 ,a micro magaz9e1 mean:ile1 came out ) a report t a v]sion ( ,word,star = big ma*9es1 ,v]sion #d4j1 might conta9 split scre5s4 ,9 ,octob] #aihd1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 /ill wait+4 ,& ,rob ,b>naby _h left ,micro,pro 9 ,july4 8,?+s didn't click10 he said )\t go+ into ! specifics4 8,we talk$ ab\t a lot ( ?+s1 b !y didn't jell40 ,he 0 n[ consult+4 ,micro,pro suff]$ 9 o!r ways4 ,ye>ly income 0 up #ec p]c5t1 & ! company 0 /ill %ipp+ ?irty ?\s& copies ( ,word,star ea* mon?1 b qu>t]ly rev5ues report$ 9 ,septemb] #aihd 7 #ab4d million v]sus #ae4f million = ! same p]iod 9 #aihc4 ,! company su/a9$ a loss 9 e>n+s ( six c5ts a %>e1 #gef1jjj4 ,hop+ to cope ) ?reats su* z ,new,word1 :i* sold = #bej & us$ ! same comm&s z ! old] ^w processor1 x laid (f #aj p]c5t ( its work]s & r$uc$ ,word,star's li/ price f #die to #cej4 ,new,word ev5 (f]$ twi/s ( its own4 ,y c\ld tell x to g to a c]ta9 page numb]1 = in/ance1 )\t hav+ to specify a ^w on ! page y 7 look+ =4 ,! natural "q arose3 ,:y %\ld p pay #ajj m = ! real ,word,star8 ,six ,reasons ,:y ,cu/om]s 7or ,noncu/om]s7 ,feel ,free to ,*eat ,s(tw>e ,companies ,word,star clones l ,new,word ar5't illegal4 ,gett+ a 8free0 ,word,star f a fri5d1 h[ev]1 is4 8,x's l illegally gett+ a second typewrit]--copi$ f a fri5d's1 d[n to ! s]ial numb]10 a s(tw>e columni/ obs]ves4 8,y're /eal+ a valuable tool40 ,h4 ,gl5 ,haney1 ! presid5t ( ,micro,pro1 told me t mo/ copies ( ,word,star 9 use are bootlegg$ ones4 ,:ile oppos+ ! practice1 ,i'll li/ six reasons :y cu/om]s *eat3 #a4 ,x takes all ( two or ?ree m9utes--maybe less--to copy a disk wor? hundr$s or ev5 ?\s&s ( doll>s4 ,yes1 anti-bootlegg+ gimmicks exi/4 ,b (t5 !y r$uce s(tw>e sales2 w\ld y be z ke5 to buy a #ejj disk if y c\ldn't easily make backups8 #b4 ,ev]yone does x4 #c4 ,comput] us]s want to befri5d o!rs ) simil> ma*9es s !y c draw on !m = te*nical h9ts or back up equipm5t4 ,& :at bett] way to cem5t a new fri5d%ip ?an at a copy+ session :]e ! us]s swap programs8 ,t's ! ?9k+4 #d4 ,_m s(tw>e companies ov]price _! w>es4 ,yes1 x's exp5sive to develop good programs2 b "s companies1 r ?an creat+ innovative products1 g\ge y to pay = developm5t ( copycat (f]+s4 ,!y !mselves rip (f p--_! m imag9ative rivals4 7,no criticism ( ,new,word "h4 ,x is mu* *eap] ?an ! orig9al ,word,star & (f]s "s improvem5ts47 #e4 ,"s p 9 l>ge companies ?9k s(tw>e h\ses don't give big-en\gh disc\nts to corporations buy+ ! same program = a numb] ( ma*9es4 #f4 ,_m s(tw>e companies don't (f] en\gh guidance or o!r help4 ,cu/om]s ?9k1 ,:y %\ld ,i buy ?is program :5 !y're j go+ to ignore my problems once !y h my money8 ,! columni/ c\nt]s3 8,t's l say+1 #8,i'll j ?r[ out ! old ,judeo-,*ri/ian e?ic t x's wrong to /eal4' ,! o!r guy be+ wrong doesn't make y "r40 ,micro,pro's respond$ to su* competition by keep+ ,word,star b develop+ ano!r ^w processor1 ,word,star #bjjj1 aim$ at (fices t _h %unn$ micros z too h>d to use4 ,word,star #bjjj1 nam$ because ,micro,pro said x w\ld /ay mod]n into ! next c5tury1 disc>d$ mo/ ( ! old] program's comm&s4 ,!re wasn't "o l9e ( code f pla9 old ,word,star4 ,& ,word,star #bjjj c\ldn't easily read its files--imp]il+ an indu/ry /&>d t ,micro,pro itself _h creat$4 ,moreov]1 x c\ldn't run on less advanc$ micros l ! ,kaypro ,,ii4 ,ma*9es 9 t ve9 7 /ill good = ^w process+1 & critics claim$ t ,micro,pro _h kiss$ (f ! #h-;bit m>ket4 ,micro,pro repli$ t x _h want$ to take full advantage ( ! h>d disks & o!r capabilities t 7 %[+ up 9 p[]ful new comput]s su* z ! ,,ibm ,,at4#ba ,word,star #bjjj did n run well on ! sl[] floppy-disk ma*9es4 ,its e>ly v]sion 0 pokey1 moreov]1 ev5 on an ,,ibm ,,xt h>d disk comput]4 ,h[ev]1 x inde$ simplifi$ ,word,star's comm&s & (f]$ split scre5s1 a =m-lett] program1 a spell+ *eck] t y c\ld use z y typ$ a lett] r ?an hav+ to leave ! file to call up ! spell]1 proportional spac+1 und]l9+ display$ on ! scre51 & ! ability to g to specifi$ pages--9 o!r words1 :at "o writ] call$ 8a catalog ( wi%es0 = p us+ ! old] program4 ,word,star #bjjj lack$ a spread%eet & sold = an outrage\sly /eep #eie2 = #ajj m y c\ld buy ,word,star #bjjj ,plus1 :i* includ$ a simple li/-keep+ program & s(tw>e to help hook y up to o!r comput]s via phone4 ,a slogan captur$ ! ,micro,pro sales pit*3 8,easy ,^w ,process+ ,y'll ,nev] ,outgr[40 ,word,star #bjjj wasn't 8easy0 ^w process+--all p[]ful products took "s "t to le>n--b x 0 easi] ?an pla9 old ,word,star4 ,footnote #ba3 8,,at0 /ood = 8,advanc$ ,te*nology40 ,i w5t to a ,micro,pro deal]s' meet+ j outside ,wa%+ton 9 e>ly ,novemb] #aihd & saw a slick1 pr(essional sales campaign t w\ld h done a %av+-cream mak] pr\d4 ,company (ficials1 includ+ presid5t ,h4 ,gl5 ,haney1 said ,word,star #bjjj wasn't a fluke3 8,we're go+ to repeat ?is process aga9 & aga940 ,educators1 ev5 sci5ce-fiction writ]s1 7 said to h help$ =ty programm]s make ,! ,product easy to use4 ,micro,pro bill$ #bjjj z hav+ be5 8beyond ! capabilities ( "o or two g5ius programm]s40 ,?is philosophy1 z mu* z any?+1 p]haps expla9$ :y ,rob ,b>naby 0 no long] ) ! company4 ,l _m tal5t$ p1 especially writ]s1 he 0 ! v anti!sis ( a team man4 ,!re 0 a diff]5ce betwe5 be+ "o ( =ty programm]s & rrr+ away 9 front ( ! keybo>d at midnight :ile ! head ( ! company wat*$4 ,& yet z a us] ( ,word,star ,i /ill hop$ t ,b>naby might return to ! ,micro,pro fold4 ,no matt] h[ _m creativity exp]ts ,micro,pro br\ght 9--& ! company 9 fact _h exp]im5t$ ) "o--y c\ld no m replicate a ,rob ,b>naby ?an y c\ld a ,welles or ,mankiewicz4 ,x 0 entirely inevitable t ! ,micro,pro (ficials at ! ,tw9 ,bridges ,m>riott felt compell$ to say t #bjjj 0 beyond "o or two g5ius programm]s4 ,word,star #bjjj inde$ _h "s m]its4 ,/ill1 x 0 f> f ! e>?%ak] t ! orig9al ,word,star _h be54 ,b>naby & ,rub9/e9 _h s brilliantly conceiv$ _! program t x c\ld hold back ! competition = ye>s & ye>s4 ,well into ! #bjjj pres5tation at ! motel1 ! room d>k5$4 ,x 0 movie "t4 ,! deal]s *uckl$ at 8^w process+ ?r\gh\t ! ages40 ,a c>toon caveman wrote on /one1 a ,greek %uffl$ ar\nd /ones be>+ inscriptions = a temple1 & a c>toon ,george ,patton b>k$ ord]s to ! troops z "p ( a pun bas$ on ! phrase 8comm&-driv5 ^w processor40 7,see ,*apt] #e = a def9ition47 ,micro,pro (ficials trott$ out adv]tisem5ts t w\ld appe> 9 ! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal1 ,=tune1 ,"t1 & o!r major publications4 ,! company 0 z pr\d ( ! ads z ( ,word,star #bjjj4 ,a lie-detectorlike device1 measur+ electricity 9 ! body1 _h ev5 gaug$ te/ subjects' responses to ! copywrit]s' creations4 ,aft] lun*--salad1 roa/ beef1 potatoes1 & a r$emptive l[-calorie dess]t--,micro,pro let ! deal]s try out ,word,star #bjjj !mselves on ,,ibm ,x,ts & ,a,ts4 ,x 0 a comb9ation sales talk & sem9>4 ,micro,pro quizz$ ! deal]s ) que/ions 9 ! ve9 ( 8,:at d y l mo/ ab\t ! product80 ,! session greatly increas$ ! deal]s'--& my own--und]/&+ ( #bjjj4 ,at ! same "t1 us+ a tea*]-/ud5t relation%ip1 ,micro,pro p =tifi$ _! depiction ( !mselves z ! _w's top exp]ts on ^w process+4 ,simil> dog-&-pony %[s w\ld take place 9 cities across ! c\ntry & ov]seas4 ,micro,pro by n[ _h f\r hundr$ employees worldwide & ?irty-five hundr$ retail deal] outlets--a f> cry f ! days :5 ,rob ,b>naby _h be5 writ+ ,word,star 9 ! room f :i* he'd displac$ ! electric-tra9 set4 ,if ,word,star #bjjj didn't sell well1 h[ev]1 ,micro,pro w\ld %r9k into j ano!r s(tw>e company4 ,x 0 a crucial "t4 ,micro,pro 0 deemphasiz+ products l data bases & spread%eets1 flaunt+ its reliance on ^w process+1 & inspir+ headl9es l 8,micro,pro ,back to ,its ,roots40 ,h[ to ,"w on ,two ,files at ,once ,:ile ,us+ ,pla9 ,old ,word,star ,w9d[s1 among o!r ?+s1 let y view sev]al files at once & move mat]ial back & =? 7see ,backup ,,ix1 8,w9d[ ,%opp+074 ,ev5 ?\gh pla9 old ,word,star lacks w9d[s1 y might be able to upgrade y\r s(tw>e to include !m4 ,ask y\r deal] ab\t ,,ibm's ,topview s(tw>e & ,micros(t's ,w9d[s4 ,= ,rub9/e9 p]sonally1 #aihd _h also be5 ev5tful4 ,he & 8 wife _h sep>at$--diff]5t int]e/s1 he said--& he _h a he>t attack4 ,he _h lo/ ?irty p\nds b _h come back 8/rong] ?an ev]40 ,mean:ile1 an initial public /ock (f]+ 9 ,m>* _h made him ri*] ?an ev]4 ,x br\ght ,micro,pro #ac million4 8,aft] all is said & done10 ,rub9/e9 told me ab\t ! (f]+1 8,i'll end up ) a little m ?an #e million40 ,he already own$ a gold-color$ ,corvette & a h\se wor? hundr$s ( ?\s&s4 8,& okay10 ,rub9/e9 said1 8s ,i'll decorate ! h\se4 ,i'll buy "s furniture4 ,s maybe ,i'll sp5d ano!r c\ple hundr$ ?\s&1 b mo/ ( ! money w be us$ = inve/m5t1 n to g on "s wild sp5d+ spree40 ,he said t 8unless y're a dissipat$ type1 y\r life really doesn't *ange40#bb ,footnote #bb3 ,info,world1 ,may #ad1 #aihd1 is ! s\rce ( ,rub9/e9's quotes ab\t ! he>t attack1 n go+ 8on "s wild sp5d+ spree10 & 8 life n *ang+4 ,8 corporate life1 h[ev]1 w\ld be diff]5t4 ,p]haps *a/5$ by ,adam ,osborne's failure1 "s inve/ors _h insi/$ t ,rub9/e9 give up control ( ,micro,pro4 ,he w\ld /ill s]ve on ! bo>d4 ,& he w\ld help plot long-range /rategy & develop new products1 b ! old entrepr5eurial environm5t 0 vani%+ at ,micro,pro & 9 mu* ( ! indu/ry at l>ge4 ,! ,osborne failure haunt$ ,rub9/e9 9 ways besides mak+ money rais+ some:at h>d]4 ,"s inve/ors 9 ,osborne fil$ a suit say+ t ,rub9/e9--own] ( ,osborne /ock--_h bail$ out ahead ( "t1 us+ insid] k4 8,x's su* hok$-up bull%it2 x's j ridicul\s10 ,rub9/e9 said 9 ,may #aihd4 ,he _h 8ne$$ ! money 444 pr9cipally to pay my taxes40#bc ,footnote #bc3 ,info,world1 ,may #ad1 #aihd1 is ! s\rce ( ,rub9/e9's 8bull%it0 quote4 ,by n[1 ! sales ( p]sonal-comput] s(tw>e exce$$ #a4e billion a ye>4#bd ,?r\gh\t ! indu/ry1 acc\ntants & o!rs 9 ?ree-piece suits 7 increas+ly call+ ! %ots4 ,m>ket+ consid]ations--adv]tis+1 ev5 ! designs ( ! boxes h\s+ ! s(tw>e--(t5 ov]:elm$ te*nical ones4 ,a ^w-process+ program call$ ,select typifi$ "s s-call$ us]-fri5dly s(tw>e aim$ at ! burgeon+ m>ket4 ,footnote #bd3 ,! #a4e billion e/imate is f ,*ris ,*ri/ians5 ( ! ,yankee ,gr\p4 ,backup3 ,,iii1 ,! ,lucky #ac3 ,:at to ,look = 9 ,*oos+ ,s(tw>e1 page #cjb4 #e ,! ,select ,^w ,processor3 ,m>t9 ,dean v]sus ! ,comm&-,driv5 ,re/aurants 8,g5tleman ,f>m]s0 don't appe> j 9 :iskey ads4 ,"o %[$ up 9 ,info,world--ballyhoo+ ,select1 a craftily m>ket$ rival ( ,word,star4 ,embrac+ ,madison ,av5ue-/yle tactics1 s(tw>e companies l ,select ,in=mation ,sy/ems 7 lur+ "s cu/om]s away f programs t w\ld h be5 f> bett] = heavy-duty bus9ess use4 ,select's ^w processor retail$ = ab\t #ejj 9 #aihb1 a ye> aft] its introduction1 includ+ spell] & mail+ li/ programs & a tutorial disk4 ,j ,word,star--)\t accessory programs--li/$ = ab\t ! same4 ,m ?an tw5ty-five ?\s& copies ( ,select sold 9 less ?an two ye>s1 & major manufactur]s />t$ (f]+ x ) _! comput]s4 ,i myself loa!d ,select4 ,& yet ,i c\ld see h[ ! program c\ld w[ ! ?rongs jamm+ _! local comput] /ores4 ,! tutorial disk 0 a salesman's dream3 he c\ld walk away :ile ! program baby-sat ! cu/om] t9k]+ ) ! comput]4 ,select ,in=mation ,sy/ems1 moreov]1 a =ty-employee company 9 ,k5tfield1 ,cali=nia1 0 runn+ an adv]tis+ campaign z slick z any di/ill]'s4 8,no conte/10 proclaim$ a ,san ,francisco ,exam9] columni/ 9 "o ad 9 #aihb1 look+ up f 8 ,x]ox #hbj1 dangl+ a pair ( glasses f 8 h&1 l "s refugee f a ,fam\s ,writ]s ,s*ool4 8,select 0 easi] to le>n40 ,! ads didn't say :at he 0 comp>+ x to1 b a popul> comput] magaz9e nam$ 8 equival5t ( ,br& ,x1 ,word,star4 ,! columni/1 ,dick ,nolan1 nev] return$ my calls1 & ,select w\ldn't put me 9 t\* ) ! secret>y featur$ 9 ano!r ad1 b ,i did track d[n 8,ri*>d ,russell1 ,g5tleman ,f>m]40 8,nebraska soybeans10 said ! ad1 8are ,ri*>d ,russell's bus9ess4 ,b he r>ely gets !re4 ,ri*>d manages 8 f>ms f a ,victorian flat 9 ,san ,francisco4 ,& he does x ) little m ?an a telephone & ! ,,select ,^w ,processor40 ,:at 0 ?is1 an ad = a ^w processor or a communications program8 ,& yet ! copywrit] _h done h] job4 ,i read on eag]ly1 curi\s ab\t g5tlemanly ^w processors--human or disk4 8,select supports 8 int]e/s z effici5tly & (t5 m quickly ?an c\ld a well-run (fice back home4 ,! briefe/ bank in/ructions or ?icke/ annual report c be record$ 9 m9utes & retriev$ 9 seconds40 ,0 s(tw>e s p[]ful8 ,maybe4 ,! ad quot$ ,russell3 8,select manages ! bus9ess4 ,i j reap ! h>ve/40 ,! g5tleman f>m]1 h[ev]1 wasn't ma9ly a g5tleman f>m]--r1 an int]ior decorator4 8,i sp5d m "t do+ t10 ,russell told me :5 ,i call$ up out ( ! blue1 8?an on my f>m op]ation1 :i* is manag$ 9 ! ,midwe/40 ,!n :y be a g5tleman f>m] 9 ! ad8 8,i ?9k !y j ?\ght ! idea ( a g5tleman f>m] 0 m int]e/+ ?an an int]ior design]10 ,russell said4 ,x mu/ h be54 ,he 0 delug$ ) calls1 includ+ "o f ,,nbc1 :i* 0 9 ! ?ick ( a comput] s]ies4 ,well1 ,i ask$1 did he actually use ! ^w processor8 ,yes1 ,russell said1 b ma9ly 9 8 design+ bus9ess4 ,x 0 a successful "o1 #bj p]c5t comm]cial1 #hj p]c5t resid5tial1 includ+ "w on "s mansions 9 ! million-doll> range4 8,i design ar*itectural int]iors1 furniture1 fabrics10 he said1 8! :ole ?+40 ,:at did he mo/ l ab\t ,select8 8,! self-tea*+ program 0 ! ma9 ?+ t appeal$ to me10 he said--! tutorial disk4 ,i ask$ ,russell ab\t ! cumb]some s]ies ( key/rokes t ! ,kaypro v]sion ( ,select inflict$ on p mak+ ins]tions a few s5t5ces back 9 _! writ+4 ,he knew ab\t ! problem4 ,& he knew ab\t ,word,star1 too4 8,i'm a lot m aw>e ( t s9ce ! ad ran10 he said ( ,word,star's reputation z a p[]ful ^w-process+ sy/em1 8b ,i don't ?9k ,i'm 9 a position to say mu* ab\t x s9ce ,i gave ,select my endorsem5t4 ,b y've br\ght up "s valid po9ts4 ,! :ole bus9ess ( p]sonal comput]s is new to me 9 ! la/ six mon?s1 & s ,i'm le>n+ ab\t x1 z well40 ,russell said he us$ ,select sev]al h\rs a week1 t he c\ld legitimately endorse x ev5 if he wasn't actually us+ x ma9ly z a g5tleman f>m]4 ,he 0 "r4 ,i didn't "q 8 basic s9c]ity4 ,b = me1 anyway1 ,select _h prov$ t$i\sly cumb]some4 ,9 e>ly #aihc ,i call$ up ,m>t9 ,dean1 ! head ( ,select ,in=mation ,sy/ems1 & did ! prop] ?+4 8,m>t910 ,i said 9 effect1 8,i hate y\r s(tw>e40 ,:y gladh& in=mation out ( him1 !n /ab him 9 ! back8 ,dean 0 sm>t & a good sport4 ,n only didn't he hang up on me2 he sp5t an h\r on ! phone giv+ 8 po9t ( view4 ,l ! develop] ( ,word,star1 ,dean _h a philosophy1 "o born ( 8 own bus9ess exp]i5ces--9 ?is case1 a ,word,star debacle4 ,he 0 a real e/ate lawy] eag] = "o ( 8 /aff]s to "w ) a sophi/icat$ ^w processor4 8,i h&$ h] ,word,star10 he told me1 8& said1 #8,x's ! /&>d 9 ! indu/ry4' ,& %e came back two days lat] & said %e 0 n go+ to d t40 8,%e 0 vehem5t10 ,dean said4 ,%e wasn't go+ to sp5d ! sev5ty h\rs %e felt x w\ld take to ma/] ,word,star4 ,& %e wasn't 8j0 a secret>y4 ,%e _h a ye> ( law s*ool1 _h done t5 ye>s ( legal secret>ial "w1 & 0 sup]vis+ ,dean's legal rese>* /aff4 8,%e's "o ( ! brighte/ wom5 ,i've work$ ) 9 ! legal bus9ess10 he said4 8,b %e didn't h ! "t to le>n ,word,star40 ,a major manufactur] _h done a /udy comp>+ ! two ^w processors' le>n+ "t4 8,& my und]/&+10 said ,dean1 8is !y det]m9$ x takes ab\t fifty h\rs ( work+ ) ,word,star to become z accompli%$ z y c\ld become 9 n9ety m9utes ( us+ ,select40 ,i disagre$4 ,word,star took mu* less "t = me to le>n2 ,select1 mu* m4 ,) o!r p1 x might be ! rev]se1 b a good company normally w\ldn't h s mu* turnov] t ! employees w\ld lack "t to ma/] a dec5t ^w processor4 ,def5d+ ,select1 ,dean prais$ ! tutorial disk & ! program's built-9 memory aids4 ,want to erase8 ,if y hit ! 8,escape0 control & press$ ! 8,e10 y'd ev5tually d t4 ,ev5tually4 ,dean & ,i w5t ?r\gh a key/roke c\nt4 ,he claim$ t actually 8 sy/em--improv$ s9ce ! "o ,i'd tri$--0 z fa/ or fa/] ?an rivals if run on ! "r ma*9es4 ,he said ! ,kaypro j wasn't "r = 8 program4 8,if y felt ?is way10 ,i ask$1 8h[ come y let x be bundl$ ) ! ,kaypro80 ,:y did he & ! ,kaypro's mak] sign a contract t all[$ ,select to be ! 8free0 ^w processor provid$ ) ! comput]8 8,well10 ,dean said1 8we _h t v]sion on ! m>ket only ?ree mon?s0--9 #aihb4 ,!n1 accord+ to him1 ,p]fect ,writ] und]pric$ ,select4 8,kaypro !n ?\ght t 0 a b>ga94 ,!y d n n[40 8,:y80 8,try to get a call ?r\gh to _! s]vice dep>tm5t40 ,he 0 "r4 ,kaypro own]s 7 swapp+ w> /ories4 ,!oretically1 ,kaypro--n ,p]fect--w\ld guide ! own]s ?r\gh ! s(tw>e maze4 ,actually1 x didn't4 ,n always1 anyway4 ,i he>d p at us] gr\ps decid+ :i* ma*9e to lie ab\t own+ s ! ,p]fect ,writ] /aff]s w\ld li/5 to _! problems4 ,kaypro1 9 fact1 dropp$ ,p]fect s(tw>e 9 #aihd aft] deal]s said !y pref]r$ ,word,star4 ,okay1 b :at ab\t my pr9t] n und]l9+ ) ! ,kaypro us+ ,select8 ,"h aga91 ,dean blam$ ,kaypro1 & ! pr9t] mak]1 too1 b ,i wasn't ab\t to z]o 9 on :o 0 at fault "h4 ,all ,i knew 0 t my daisy :eel wasn't t exotic a ma*9e4 ,& yet1 involunt>ily1 ,i'd be5 sold cumb]some s(tw>e t1 unmodifi$1 did n ev5 "w "r ) ! o!r p>ts ( my #b1ejj inve/m5t4 ,y may love ,select1 maybe ev5 aft] y've be5 runn+ x a :ile4 8,cumb]some10 rememb]1 is my op9ion4 ,a ,wa%+ton ,po/ /aff] nam$ ,eug5e ,mey]1 a ,kaypro own]1 lik$ ,select & said ! sl[ness 8gives me m "t to ?9k40 ,he 0 work+ on a book ar\nd ! same "t ,i 0 & turn$ out "o z long4 8,b10 ,i half jok$1 8if y'd be5 us+ ,word,star1 !n y might h writt5 "o ?ree times long] ?an m9e40 ,i call$ up ,b5 ,%neid]man1 an exp]t on mat*es betwe5 humans & s(tw>e sy/ems4 ,j :at did an academic feel ab\t ,select-/yle sy/ems & ,word,star8 ,%neid]man1 an associate pr(essor ( comput] sci5ce at ! ,univ]sity ( ,m>yl& & au?or ( ,s(tw>e ,psy*ology3 ,human ,factors 9 ,comput] & ,in=mation ,sy/ems1 said3 8,select has v few comm&s4 ,!re are v diff]5t p 9 ! _w4 ,y're v attract$ to *oice & options1 & y seek ! p[] t ,word,star (f]s4 ,b v simply1 p are diff]5t4 ,"s l to drive ,mas]atis1 & "s l to g tw5ty miles p] h\r40 ,he 0 "r4 ,!re might ev5 be a v]sion ( ,select bett] ?an today's ,word,star2 s(tw>e is con/antly *ang+1 & :5 y %op1 y mu/ d y\r homework to make sure y're buy+ ! be/ program available = y\r ne$s at ! "t4 ,b :ile ,i 0 writ+ ?is book1 ,i loa!d ,select--ev5 a v]sion m advanc$ ?an ! "o = my ,kaypro4 ,:o1 anyway1 want$ to hire a typi/ cont5t to d ! keybo>d equival5t ( tw5ty miles p] h\r8 ,& yet ,i tri$ to be tol]ant4 ,i hit ! control key to fire up ,word,star's comm&s2 ,select us]s tapp$ 8,escape40 8,!re are tw5ty-five ?\s& p happy ) us+ #8,escape' in/ead ( ! control key10 ,dean _h told me1 z pati5tly z a lib]al ,bapti/ expla9+ to a ,klansman t ,jews didn't h horns4 ,c]ta9ly x 0 true3 "o man's joy1 ano!r man's pla/ic-disk$ kludge--t 0 s(tw>e = y4 ,& :at y le>n$ fir/ 0 (t5 y\r fir/ love4 ,a comput] magaz9e ev5 call$ "o article 8,gett+ ,m>ri$ to ,word,star40 8,c y erase y\r memory modules80 ,m>k ,rob9son1 a m>ket+ man ) ,lexis(t1 ask$ be=e he mail$ me a copy ( 8 company's ,spellb9d] ^w processor4 ,he _h a po9t4 ,i lik$ ,spellb9d] m ?an ,select1 mu* m1 because x ran fa/] on ! ,kaypro1 b ,i /ill c\ld n abide by ! ne$ to ent] a new mode to make ins]tions or corrections4 ,x seem$ inhibit+1 ?is requirem5t1 ?\gh p]haps m 9 writ+ ?an 9 secret>ial "w4 ,mi*ael ,canyes1 a comput] consultant1 at ! "t lov$ ,palantir4 ,x (f]$ _m ( ! bett] features ( bo? ,word,star & ,spellb9d] & let a nonprogramm] set up ! numb]s pads ( _m comput]s to s]ve z function keys4 ,canyes also appreciat$ ,! ,f9al ,^w1 an excell5t ^w processor = footnot+ & o!r academic requirem5ts4 ,x 0 cle>4 ,!re 7 s]i\s alt]natives to ,word,star--"s1 anyway--ev5 if1 l ! writ] ( ! 8,m>ri$0 article1 ,i 0 already well mat*$4 ,9 "s ways1 h[ev]1 ,i felt uncom=table ab\t ! g5]al direction 9 :i* ! s(tw>e bus9ess seem$ to be mov+4 ,w\ld less p[]ful b well-m>ket$ products l ,select drive out ! future ,word,stars8 ,! ,word,star _h b5efit$ f ,seym\r ,rub9/e9's salesman%ip4 ,b ,rub9/e9 also _h boa/$ a solid comput] backgr\nd2 & unlike "s ( ! new p 9 s(tw>e1 he wasn't j a bus9essman ca%+ 9 on an explod+ m>ket4 ,aga9 & aga9 a patt]n 0 beg9n+ to repeat itself4 ,programm]-entrepr5eurs w\ld t\gh x out 9 ! prov]bial g>ages--= "s reason programm]s "w 9 g>ages1 au?ors 9 g>rets--& score ) ! "r s(tw>e hit4 ,propell$ by little m ?an _! drive & te*nical exp]tise1 _! companies w\ld gr[4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 o!r bus9essm51 real bus9essm51 w\ld want ! same ni*e1 & ! m>ket+ p w\ld muscle 9 & set ! tone4 ,or1 z ) "s new companies1 !y might h be5 sett+ ! tone f ! v />t4 ,?is _h be5 ! classic patt]n 9 _m indu/ries--,orville & ,wilbur ,wright hadn't exactly gone on to become major aviation magnates--b comput]s 7 improv+ fa/] ?an _h airplanes4 ,& s ! process 0 accel]at$2 well-f9anc$ manag]s 7 rapidly replac+ g>age-/yle entrepr5eurs4 ,! /akes 7 high]1 & /rik+ back1 s(tw>e au?ors 7 ev5 hir+ ag5ts4 ,! "q arose1 h[ev]1 ( ! ext5t to :i* ! m>ket w\ld rema9 op5 to m imag9ative g>age p1 anyway1 :at ) increas$ use ( teams to develop complex programs4 8,! fronti]10 said ,jeffrey ,t>t]1 publi%] ( ,s(t4lett]1 an indu/ry publication1 8is already clos+4 8,a c\ple ( ye>s ago y got to be successful prim>ily by compet5tly execut+ an innovative idea & by pick+ ! "r ma*9e to produce t execution =4 ,visi,calc = ! ,apple is ! classic example "h1 b lots ( o!r programs a*iev$ success on a small] scale by do+ some?+ useful = a microcomput] t came to dom9ate a m>ket ni*e0--or1 ,i w\ld add ) ,word,star 9 m9d1 by produc+ a program valuable = its v ability to run on a numb] ( ma*9es4 8,n[1 h[ev]10 ,t>t] said1 8! rules are *ang+4444 ,m>ket+ factors are becom+ m important4 ,y h to package & di/ribute ! product ) f> great] sophi/ication ?an be=e & be able to sp5d ! k9d ( money t sophi/ication requires40 8,x's l ! record bus9ess10 said ,nick ,v]gis1 !n a m>ket+ man ) ,p]fect ,s(tw>e1 tell+ me ab\t ! new programs 8 company 0 develop+4 8,y get a lot m bullets ready ?an y actually fire4 ,"s w be hits1 & "s won't4 ,y hope y'll get en\gh hits to pay = ! new bullets40 ,rese>* & developm5t 7,r ,d7 0 a major "p ( ! co/s ( new programs4 ,! orig9al ,word,star _h come *eaply2 ,rob ,b>naby _h toil$ night & day = a fraction ( ! money t 8 c\nt]p>ts n[ (t5 dem&$4 ,!n aga91 adv]tis+ & o!r non-,r ,d exp5ditures 9 ! indu/ry _h increas$1 too4 ,by spr+ #aihd ,select _h sold #ej1jjj copies4 ,t %\ld h be5 en\gh to su/a9 a small or m$ium-siz$ s(tw>e company1 b ev5 aft] a public /ock (f]+ 9 ,novemb] #aihc1 ,dean /ill felt capital-%ort4 8,we j c\ldn't sp5d en\gh on ads & /ill h money to pay ! sales =ce10 said ,dean1 :o 8saw x com+0 by ,febru>y #aihd4 ,t summ] he lic5s$ ,select to ,intellig5t ,sy/ems to publi% & promote at ! retail level4 ,intellig5t1 privately held & bas$ 9 ,georgia1 enjoy$ ye>ly sales ( #ij million2 its ,quadram subsidi>y made well-adv]tis$ comput] accessories4 ,9 late #aihd ,select m]g$ ) ,summa ,s(tw>e ,corp41 an ,oregon firm t (f]$ a /ock-m>ket program call$ ,w9n+ on ,wall ,/reet1 & ,dean laid (f six m>ket+ p f ,select1 s t 8 orig9al firm _h only tw5ty-"o work]s left4 ,! ,intellig5t deal w5t on despite ! m]g]4 8,!re are _m m products available today ?an ! m>ket c support1 & x's v confus+ to consum]s10 said an ,intellig5t vice-presid5t nam$ ,frank ,m>ks4 8,! us] ne$s to "k t he's buy+ f a company t w be ar\nd 9 ! future40 ,he 0 "r4 ,9 t s5se1 ! l>ge companies' gr[+ asc5dancy 9 s(tw>e may h be5 to ! b5efit ( ! consum]4 ,/ill1 old micro h&s may h gna%$ _! tee? :5 !y he>d t ,intellig5ce w\ld turn ,select into ! 8,quads(t0 l9e ( s(tw>e & :5 ,m>ks said t ! "n 8lev]ages ,quadram's br& aw>5ess40 ,quads(t might z well h be5 a new %ampoo4#be ,footnote #be3 ,! acc\nt ( ,select's capital %ortage & ! metamorphosis into ,quads(t comes f ,info,world1 ,augu/ #ac1 #aihd4 ,! m]g] in=mation is f ,info,world1 ,octob] #h1 #aihd4 ,to ,select ,in=mation ,sy/ems' cr$it1 ! company _h g>n]$ "s favorable reviews ( new products 9 ! mon?s be=e ! ,quads(t deal4 7,!y includ$ ,select ,write1 a #ii /ripp$-d[n ,select47 ,ev5 s1 "s ( ! old-"t micro p correctly que/ion$ ,dean's /yle ( 8us] fri5dl9ess40 ,9 a ,byte article1 8,simplify1 ,simplify1 ,simplify10 ,dean _h pu%$ m5u-driv5 s(tw>e l ,select4#bf ,! idea seem$ logical4 ,y'd see ! *oices on ! comput] scre5 r ?an hav+ to recall comb9ations ( key/rokes1 z y w\ld ) comm&-driv5 sy/ems4 ,dean lik5$ a comput] m5u to a re/aurant m5u4 ,he lampoon$ ! idea ( 8a comm&-driv5 re/aurant0 9 :i*1 suppos$ly1 y'd try 8to rememb] :at sort ( sauce ! veal came ) la/ "t & :e!r x 0 pepp] or pepp]corns t y lik$ 9 y\r gre5 beans40 ,footnote #bf3 ,dean's ,byte article appe>$ ,decemb] #aihc1 p4 #afa4 ,wasn't t /ret*+ x1 h[ev]8 ,if y ate at ! same re/aurant day aft] day1 c\ldn't y ord] _m k9ds ( meals )\t bo!r+ to glance at a m5u8 ,h[ w\ld y feel ab\t a waitress :o insi/$ y see a m5u ev5 if ! f>e nev] *ang$8 ,%e w\ld be pu%y1 w\ldn't %e8 ,all ( a sudd5 8us] fri5dl9ess0 w\ld be antius] pu%9ess to ^? us+ a program regul>ly4 ,/rictly m5u-driv5 s(tw>e %\ld normally be j = occasional us]s1 *ildr51 & adults want+ to be treat$ l *ildr52 & _m if n mo/ adults 9 ! bus9ess _w work$ too (t5 ) words & numb]s to let ,select-/yle programs keep !m 9 ! infant /age4 ,grant$1 exceptions exi/$ ju/ify+ ?is k9d ( s(tw>e4 ,a micro us] :o occasionally retriev$ in=mation f a ma9frame1 = in/ance1 c\ld take advantage ( m5us to guide him ?r\gh complicat$ r\t9es4 ,:at's m1 ev5 ,word,star employ$ a m5u to h&le in/allation proc$ures to mat* ! program up ) v>i\s comput]s & pr9t]s4 ,b t 0 diff]5t f m5us t sl[$ y dur+ y\r regul> "w ) ! program4 ,"s ( ! s-call$ comm&-driv5 programs1 moreov]--at lea/ ,word,star--actually did h ! option ( lett+ y keep a li/ ( common comm&s on ! scre5 if y want$4 ,j]ry ,p\rnelle1 a prom95t comput] columni/1 gr[l$ back at ! 8us] fri5dl9ess0 cr[d1 say+ t _! s(tw>e didn't let ord9>y p enjoy ! full p[] ( _! ma*9es4 8,x takes a little "w to jo9 ! micro revolution10 he said1 8b ! rew>ds c be high40#bg ,i agre$4 ,y didn't h to le>n programm+1 b y ow$ x to y\rself & y\r company to make good use ( ! be/ s(tw>e = y\r job4 ,a us] nam$ ,alan ,s*>f _h done exactly t--sav+ 8 firm #bjj1jjj a ye>4 ,footnote #bg3 ,j]ry ,p\rnelle's rebuttal to ,dean & o!rs ( ! 8us] fri5dly0 s*ool appe>$ 9 ,popul> ,comput+1 ,may #aihd1 p4 #ha4 ,backup3 ,,iv1 ,on ! ,evolution ( ,s(tw>e 7,& a 8,p]fect] & ,p]fect]0 ,program71 page #caj4 #f ,?ree ,s(tw>e ,/ories3 ,motorcycles1 ,homes1 & ,! #bjj1jjj-;a-,ye> ,disk ,zzzzzz4 ,i doze (f read+ li/s ( ! "r s(tw>e =1 say1 beekeep]s or *iropractors4 ,s sorry2 ,i won't cov] ev]yone's programs4 ,besides1 s(tw>e is evolv+4 ,i hate ,select n[2 ,i may love its future editions4 ,& :at ab\t ,word,star8 ,al?\gh #bjjj (f]s _m improvem5ts ov] my belov$ ,word,star #c4c--;& ,i may ev5tually conv]t to x--,i don't l all ! *anges4 ,s don't ?9k specific programs "h4 ,?9k concepts4 ,9 fact1 if possible1 don't ev5 ?9k comput] concepts4 ,in/ead1 ?9k bus9ess4 ,j h[ c\ld ! lessons ( ! ?ree p 9 ?is *apt] apply to y\rs8 ,ed ,bol&3 ,acc\nt+ ,ed ,bol& helps run a motorcycle %op1 b y'll nev] f9d him ro>+ (f on a bike1 dodg+ myopic driv]s4 8,i've got a wife & ?ree kids10 he jok$4 8,sc>es ! hell out ( me40 ,x doesn't matt]4 ,bol&1 a gray+1 middle-ag$ acc\ntant1 is j z useful to ,cl9ton ,cycles z a top me*anic or a crack ,suzuki salesman4 ,above all1 a good controll] obvi\sly kn[s :]e ! money is4 ,he helps 8 employ] avoid unne$$ trips to ! bank to borr[ m4 ,cl9ton ,cycles1 9 fact1 borr[s r>ely4 ,t's "o reason :y1 :5 ,u4,s4 motorcycle sales suff]$ ! economic equival5t ( a head-on cra%1 ,cl9ton surviv$4 ,! firm ev5 exp&$ dur+ ! e>ly #aihjs4 ,also1 ye>s be=e1 own] ,don ,smol9ski _h wisely div]sifi$4 ,cl9ton ,cycles 0 actually ,cl9ton ,cycle & ,salvage1 ,inc41 a m9iconglom]ate ) ?ree motorcycle /ores & deal+s 9 scrap metal4 ,sales exce$$ sev]al million a ye>4 ,b size & complexity w]5't pure joy4 ,bol&'s acc\nt+ s(tw>e j c\ldn't h&le a hold+ company & five subsidi>ies1 n )\t co/ly cu/omiz+1 & ne>ly a ye> aft] comput]ization1 8 feel+s 7 /ill mix$4 8,i don't regret ! decision10 ,bol& said4 ,b at ! "t he _h sp5t ?\s&s ( doll>s m ?an plann$1 & he told me1 8,!re's be5 a few times ,i w\ld h ?r[n ?is comput] out ! door 9 a second40 ,8 horror /ory--ev5 if x ev5tually turns into a success tale1 z x probably w--is in/ructive4 ,he's good4 ,& he b\ght 8 s(tw>e f a good /ore4 ,cl9ton ,comput]s1 9 ! same ,m>yl& suburb1 won top rat+s 9 a consum] guide 9 ! ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 area4 ,a s(tw>e executive1 moreov]1 an outspok5 "o critical ( "s o!r ,d4,c4 deal]s1 prais$ ,cl9ton4 ,s a bo!rsome issue arises4 ,if a #c1hjj acc\nt+ program doesn't "w out easily ) good p sell+ & us+ x1 :at happ5s among m$iocre p8 ,& !re is a second po9t "h4 ,don't expect ev5 ! be/ comput] /ore to s]ve z y\r private consultant1 intimately famili> ) y\r bus9ess2 n1 at lea/1 unless y're buy+ a big m9i or ma9frame f ! likes ( ,,ibm4 ,a ?ird po9t1 too1 comes ?r\gh4 ,don't comput]ize a multi-million-doll> bus9ess )\t a consultant--at lea/ n if y're runn+ an extra-hairy program l an acc\nt+ "o--unless y're will+ to talk & ?9k comput]ese or at lea/ take a tra9+ c\rse4 ,acc\nt+ s(tw>e1 anyway1 j isn't simple & reliable en\gh yet4 ,any idiot c flick on a comput] & /uff a floppy disk into a drive or crank up a h>d disk2 mo/ ( ! "t 8 h>dw>e w "w f9e1 b ev5 ! brighte/ ( bus9essm5 may ne$ a consultant to unravel ! my/]ies ( _m programs--ev5 8cann$10 (f-!-%elf acc\nt+ packages l ! "o t b$evil$ ,ed ,bol&4 ,a blunt1 t\gh-talk+ man1 ,bol& himself is no moron4 ,he holds a ba*elors degree 9 acc\nt+1 & he's work$ = employ]s rang+ f hospitals to re/aurant *a9s1 includ+ "o :]e he caught a *ef on ! take f a suppli]4 8,acc\nt+ is acc\nt+10 he said4 8,i don't c>e if x's food or motorcycles4 ,life exi/s ! same way40 ,moreov]1 life is a s]ies ( ratios1 ( int]tw9+ figures4 ,t's h[ ,bol& caught ! *ef4 ,he knew t food co/s 7 normally #bj p]c5t ( ! company's exp5ses2 two mon?s aft] ! *ef's hir+1 !y 7 #bc p]c5t1 creep+ up t[>d #bg p]c5t1 f9ally4 ,! incid5t p]haps color$ 8 attitude t[>d comput]ization4 ,he w\ld comput]ize1 b n ov]do x1 n lose himself 9 tang5tial /ati/ics1 n hire extra cl]ks to key 9 data4 8,we c>ry m ?an sev5ty ?\s& new p>ts numb]s alone10 he said4 8,sev5ty ?\s& diff]5t k9ds ( screws1 bolts1 nuts1 f5d]s1 rims40 ,b if he c\ldn't track e s+le bolt1 he at lea/ c\ld "w ) major numb]s l sales figures = v>i\s categories4 ,normally1 = in/ance1 new bike sales & accessories sales w5t up & d[n toge!r1 & if "o ( ! two _h fall5 (f alone1 y c\ld bet t ,bol& w\ld dem& a reason4 ,if no?+ else1 comput]s1 by mak+ pa/ in=mation available m quickly1 c\ld help him sniff out tr\ble4 ,comput]iz+1 he saw a micro z "o way to avoid gre$y consultants & _! exp5sive recomm5dations4 8,i've se5 too _m in/ances10 said ,bol&1 8:]e bus9esses paid out #ej1jjj1 #fj1jjj to a consultant :o sp5t six or sev5 mon?s analyz+ comput] requirem5ts4 ,!n he'd recomm5d #ej1jjj or #aej1jjj wor? ( comput] equipm5t40 ,bol& want$ ! b5efits ( ! bigg] ma*9es )\t ! co/s4 ,8 goal 0 to rea* ! po9t t a some:at l>g] competitor 9 ! ,d4,c4 area already _h2 ! rival own$ an ,,ibm #cd sy/em ) a six-digit price4 8,he us$ to "w = ,,ibm fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s ago1 be=e he w5t into ! motorcycle bus9ess10 ,bol& said4 8,he n[ has j ab\t e "o ( 8 salespeople on commission1 & he kn[s exactly :at !y sell e day4 ,he c tell y :]e ea* motorcycle1 ea* piece ( inv5tory1 is4 8,he c tell y :e!r x's 9 a truck1 :at color x is1 :]e x is1 :at /age ( prep>ation x's 9 = deliv]y4 ,he puts 8 pur*ases 9 ! comput] ) an inv5tory program4 ,! mom5t a salesman sells a cycle1 ! regi/] itself d$ucts x f inv5tory4 ,x's a po9t-(-sales sy/em4 ,s !oretically1 at ! end ( ! day he kn[s exactly :at he />t$ ! day )1 :at he sold1 :at he add$ to x1 & :at ! bottom-l9e figure is4 ,we'd love to get to t po9t4 8,! likelihood ( ?is happ5+ ) u1 ?\gh1 is v l[4 ,i don't "k if all ?is detail is necess>y4 ,& our bus9ess is seasonal1 & ,i don't want too mu* ca% ti$ up 9 ! sy/em4 ,& :at's ! s5se ( keep+ in/ant track ( e nut & bolt sold8 ,b we'd love to get ! major items 9 on comput]4 ,! motorcycles1 = in/ance4 ,!y c easily sell = up to #f1jjj apiece1 s x's wor? x4 8,x's a "q ( s(tw>e4 ,?is competitor has sp5t m ?an #ajj1jjj to develop specific s(tw>e to get :at he wants4 ,n[ if y've got #ajj1jjj to ?r[ away & want to hire a programm] full "t at1 say1 #j1jjj a ye>1 t's f9e4 ,mo/ companies l u c't af=d t40 ,s ,bol& b\ght sev]al programs (f ! %elf f ,cl9ton ,comput]s1 includ+ ,acc\nt+ ,plus1 :i* he began try+ to use z an electronic g5]al l$g]4 ,he ran x on a ,nor? ,/> comput] ) a #e-megabyte h>d disk--a memory device capable ( /a%+ away ! equival5t ( maybe #b1ejj typ$ pages ( in=mation4 ,! ,nor? ,/> sy/em 0 j a way = him to get 8 feet wet 9 comput+ ) a g5]al-l$g] program4 ,bol&1 ?\gh1 w\ld swit* comput]s ev5 soon] ?an expect$4 ,! sy/em's memory space w\ldn't suffice = ! records ( 8 m9iconglom]ate1 & x wasn't easily exp&able4 ,& he w\ld h tr\ble gett+ ! ma*9e repair$ z quickly z he ne$$4 ,cl9ton ,comput]s1 h[ev] good its s]vice dep>tm5t1 j c\ld n respond fa/ en\gh to suit 8 requirem5ts4 ,& ! s(tw>e seem$ j z major a disappo9tm5t1 :at ) ! ne$ = complicat$ cu/omization4 8,! bigge/ problem ,i ran into at ! /ore10 he said ( ! h>dw>e & s(tw>e1 80 #8,we're go+ to sell y a sy/em t we ?9k w d ! job1 b n necess>ily s4'0 ,bo? ! buy] & ! sell]1 9 ?is case1 app>5tly lo/ ! s(tw>e gamble2 !y app>5tly came out on ! wrong side ( 8necess>ily40 ,cl9ton ,comput]s did n w91 because x isn't a fly-by-night op]ation4 ,bol&'s "n _h come to me f none o!r ?an ,sue ,gro?(f1 :o'd sold him ! s(tw>e4 ,%e _h en\gh confid5ce 9 h]self & h] /ore to (f] ,bol& z ! s\rce ( a 8c&id0 /ory1 & my respect rema9s1 especially aft] hav+ talk$ to ano!r bus9ess cu/om]1 rav+ happy ab\t h] ability to und]/& 8 company's s(tw>e ne$s4 ,bol& emphasiz$ t ,cl9ton wasn't out to *eat him4 8,sue is a v nice p]son40 ,& he lik$ ! s(tw>e exp]t !re1 too4 8,he kn[s h[ to *ange s(tw>e1 b y h "o p]son try+ to meet ! ne$s ( too _m cu/om]s4 ,he's spread too ?94 ,cl9ton nev] gave him en\gh "t to get ! program runn+ at my bus9ess4 ,& we nev] c\ld seem to get toge!r to get ! twelve h\rs ( tra9+ !y've promis$ me4 ,to be frank1 ,i ?9k we sp5t ! twelve h\rs try+ to correct ! problem ,i _h r ?an on tra9+40 ,giv+ ,cl9ton ,comput]'s side1 ,gro?(f said1 8,because ( *anges t ,ed want$ 9 ! s(tw>e1 x took long] to adapt ! program to meet 8 ne$s4 ,& t us$ up ! twelve h\rs40 ,evid5tly1 ,bol& & ,gro?(f /ay$ on good t]ms1 because %e lat] sold him a new ,kaypro portable = home use4 ,b ) 8 big comput] sy/em at "w1 ,bol&--= "o reason or ano!r--seems to h suff]$ m ?an 8 %>e ( woes4 8,acc\nt+ ,plus10 said ,bol& ( ! s(tw>e he b\ght !re1 8is a v good program1 b x 0 design$ = "o s+le company to be subdivid$ into dep>tm5ts4 ,y c\ld h six dep>tm5ts1 ev]y?+ f sales to us$ p>ts1 & x w "w beautifully4 ,b x w\ldn't = :at ,i want$4 ,x w\ld n treat a motorcycle /ore1 = in/ance1 z a subdivision ( a hold+ company4 ,i c\ld n pull (f sep>ate pr(it & loss /atem5ts or sep>ate balance %eets40 ,cl9ton ,comput]s1 to its cr$it1 ref]r$ ,bol& to a consultant famili> ) ! s\rce code ( ,acc\nt+ ,plus--a "p ( ! program t w\ld enable x to be cu/omiz$4 ,! consultant took 9 ,bol&'s ,nor? ,/> comput] sy/em z a trade-94 ,he sold him a ,delta microcomput] & ,tele,video t]m9al 9 return1 along ) a h>d-disk sy/em upgradable to #gj megabytes4 ,) ! s(tw>e cu/omization includ$1 ! co/ came to #bj1jjj1 m9us ! #ab1jjj trade-94 ,! consultant1 l ,cl9ton ,comput]s1 didn't "k z mu* ab\t acc\nt+ z ,bol& _h hop$4 ,b ?r\gh %e] t5acity ,bol& at lea/ got himself a halfway usable program4 8,i _h ! s(tw>e *ang$10 he said1 8s t in/ead ( "o company ) dep>tm5ts 9 x1 x n[ reads a hold+ company ) subsidi>y companies4 ,! s(tw>e 0 *ang$ to pr9t out sep>ate balance %eets & sep>ate income /atem5ts = me4 8,on ! income-/atem5t side ?is ma*9e w ask me if ,i want a consolidat$ or individual by-page income /atem5t4 ,x w pr9t out a hold+ company & !n1 9 successive ord]1 on ea* page1 ! income /atem5t = ea* company4 ,:5 ,i g to ! balance %eet1 x w ask me t same "q4 8,if ,i tell x ,i want individuals & a consolidat$ by page1 x won't d x4 ,i mu/ ask x individually ea* "t = company "o1 !n company two1 "r d[n ! l9e4 ,i h to give ! comput] individual in/ructions to d t4 8,& t 0 ! be/ my consultant c\ld d to *ange ! s(tw>e4 ,x got ! job done1 b n all ! way4 8,i've s9ce f\nd out t = #djj1 n 1#hjj1 ,i c\ld h b\ght an acc\nt+ package t w\ld d exactly ! same ?+ ,i want$40 ,s :y didn't he buy x8 8,:y sp5d ano!r #djj to delve into x fur!r & !n f9d out x isn't :at y want$80 ,bol& ask$4 8,i ?9k x's /upid to sp5d money at ?is po9t4 ,i h a sy/em ,i "k ,i c make "w )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,i'm /ill 9 ! le>n+ phase1 & ,i'll probably /ill be !re = ano!r ye>1 = all ,i "k40 ,i ?\ght he 0 too pati5t4 ,if 8 s(tw>e sy/em 0 a dog--p]haps n = ev]yone b = him--he %\ld *ange x4 ,f\r hundr$ doll>s 0 a pittance comp>$ to ,bol&'s total inve/m5t ( #bj1jjj4 ,ideally1 too1 z he said himself1 he w\ld h gone to a consultant 9 ! fir/ place1 n j any consultant b "o famili> ) acc\nt+4 ,& yet x's und]/&able :y he act$ z he did4 ,:y repeat ! mi/akes he'd se5 at o!r companies8 ,:y n frugality8 ,bett] to be out #bj1jjj ?an #ej1jjj or #ajj1jjj aft] pay+ = a m9i1 a consultant1 & ! o!r trimm+s4 ,8 comput] wasn't mak+ or sav+ buckets ( money = ,cl9ton ,cycle & ,salvage z ( e>ly #aihc2 b x might 9 ! future z he got 8 s(tw>e "u control & c\ld1 = in/ance1 easily put salesm5 on commission4 ,he told me1 moreov]1 t he w\ld soon /op f>m+ out ! company payroll--up to sev5ty p--to a comput] firm4 ,he also 0 ma/]+ an electronic spread%eet4 ,he did n plan an acc\nts receivable program1 because ,cl9ton ,cycle collect$ quickly ?r\gh *ecks & cr$it c>ds1 b an acc\nts payable "o 0 9 ! (f+4 8,x's go+ to give me ! companies' names1 ! paym5t t]ms1 ! volume ,i deal ) !m ea* mon?10 ,bol& said4 8,x w flag :5 ! bills are due1 & x w also g5]ate *ecks40 ,he 0 also go+ to crank up a mail+-li/ program1 us+ a li/ ( all buy]s ( new bikes )9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s--a s5sible project1 consid]+ ! m>ket = accessories & repeat sales4 ,obvi\sly1 "h1 z 9 o!r applications1 ! m in=mation built up on 8 h>d disk1 ! m 8 ma*9es w\ld ju/ify ! #bj1jjj inve/m5t4 ,! b5efits ( comput]ization = ,edw>d ,bol& might n be imm$iately dramatic1 b ) 8 /ick-to-itiv5ess1 soon] or lat] !y'd almo/ surely come4 ,bol&'s battles ) comput]s 7 to cont9ue4 ,:5 ,i caught up ) him 9 spr+ #aihd1 he said he'd b\ght yet ano!r comput] sy/em4 ,*>lie ,b[ie3 ,data ,base & ,spread%eet ,rememb] ! cu/om] :o 0 rav+ happy ab\t 8 s(tw>e--also b\ght f ,sue ,gro?(f at ,cl9ton ,comput]s8 ,t's ,*>lie ,b[ie1 :o1 :5 we fir/ talk$1 0 a vice-presid5t ( ,wa%+ton ,homes & manag] ( its ,s\!rn ,division4 ,he told me he expect$ two ,z5i? micros to save 8 company p]haps z mu* z #ej1jjj a ye>1 maybe m4 ,9 j "o mon?1 9 fact1 8 #e1jjj comput] _h already sav$ ! equival5t ( ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 executive man-h\rs4 ,ev5 be=e he & ,i met1 8 assi/ant1 beh9d 8 back1 0 s++ praises ( h] boss & _! new ma*9e4 8,i want$ to le>n ^w process+10 said ,julie ,grimes1 a "y1 blond woman :o c\ld h be5 ! secret>y 9 ! ,,ibm comm]cials say+ ! adv]tis$ product 0 8a piece ( cake0 to ma/]4 ,gaz+ at ! ,z5i?--:i* %e & ,b[ie use = data-base "w1 spread%eets1 & "s ^w process+--%e said3 8,x really comes 9 h&y4444 ,we 7 bo? worri$4 ,*>lie told me1 #8,don't worry4 ,we'll tea* ea* o!r4'0 ,b[ie by n[ 0 9 ! room1 & x 0 imm$iately cle> he'd won h] respect ?r\gh 8 bra9s & d$ication1 n ?r\gh ! normal trapp+s ( executiv$om4 ,he 0 be>d$4 ,he wore a sweat] & heavy boots & wire-rimm$ glasses4 ,he pla9ly 0 ! con/ruction indu/ry's v]sion ( ! prov]bial %irt-sleeves manag]4 ,he mu/ loa! pap]work1 pref] ! field to ! executive suite1 ev5 if he 0 a vice-presid5t ( a publicly own$ real e/ate company ) twelve hundr$ /ockhold]s4 ,he 0 9 8 mid-?irties4 ,t wasn't s mu* y\ng] ?an ,ed ,bol&1 :o himself1 int]view$ on a ,saturday1 _h worn casual clo!s4 ,& yet ! two someh[ came across z be+ on opposite sides ( ! g5]ation gap t all ! pundits 7 babbl+ ab\t dur+ ,vietnam4 ,i c\ld imag9e ,bol& wat*+ ,m99,a99,s99,h2 ,i c\ld imag9e ,b[ie1 9 ! "r sett+1 be+ a mild v]sion ( ,hawkeye4 ,he w\ldn't necess>ily d ?+s ! traditional way1 b 9 ! end no "o w\ld c>e1 because :atev] x 01 he'd succe$4 ,ed ,bol& 0 a man ) a fondness = con/ants--a *>act]i/ic t 9 8 pr(ession _h s]v$ him well4 ,*>lie ,b[ie1 ,i s5s$1 enjoy$ surprises & *ange4 ,b[ie's company1 l ,bol&'s1 _h to be good to h surviv$ s long 9 a boom-&-bu/ indu/ry4 ,ev]yone ne$s transportation1 ev]yone ne$s h\s+2 ev]yone does n ne$ recreational motorcycles or new homes4 ,across ! c\ntry1 home sales _h plummet$ at ! />t ( ! #aihjs4 ,wa%+ton ,homes' sales _h be5 almo/ #cj million 9 #aihj b j half t two ye>s lat]4 ,yet ,b[ie's company _h surviv$ ! ups & d[ns s9ce #aife4 ,! managem5t philosophy /ruck me z ! same z ,cl9ton ,cycles--! lean1 mean s*ool4 ,x 0 e>ly #aihc :5 we fir/ talk$4 ,ano!r h\s+ boom seem$ ready to explode1 & ,b[ie 0 work+ a sixty-five-h\r week1 8because we've gott5 v busy1 v quickly1 & we hav5't built up our /aff rapidly4 ,x's h>d to f9d qualifi$ p1 & we don't "k :e!r ! recov]y's "h to /ay40 ,small wond] t he welcom$ 8 comput] z a sort ( f9ancial rad>--an e>ly w>n+ sy/em t w\ld buzz be=e ! bombs fell4 ,wa%+ton ,homes 0 a g5]al contractor4 ,9 o!r words1 x 0 j z mu* 9 ! managem5t & budget bus9ess z ! build+ bus9ess4 ,b[ie & 8 company didn't hire labor]s1 didn't buy e nail & brick4 ,r1 !y f>m$ out ! con/ruction to subcontractors1 "s ( :om1 if n polic$1 c\ld wreak havoc on ,wa%+ton ,homes by1 say1 f9i%+ "w late4 ,y c't d plumb+ & ! electrical wir+1 normally1 if ! walls ar5't up yet4 ,y've got to keep y\r invisible assembly l9e mov+4 ,! sixty phases on ,b[ie's 8,h\se budget summ>y0 />t$ ) items l 8,eng9e]+0 & 8,wat] ,sew] ,*>ge10 cont9u$ ?r\gh 8,brick ,v5e]0 & 8,sid+0 & w5t on to su* details z 8,f5ces0 & 8,tra% ,removal40 ,if ,b[ie 0 late 9 submitt+ bids or gett+ :at he paid =1 x wasn't a bureaucratic ab/raction4 ,x meant a late h\se1 an unhappy cu/om]1 p]haps1 & above all1 m int]e/ to pay ! bank on ,wa%+ton ,homes' con/ruction loans4 ,b[ie1 moreov]1 _h to keep track ( 8 cu/om]'s own f9anc+ arrangem5ts4 ,! company's h\ses sold = any:]e f #ee1jjj to #ace1jjj1 b mo/ cu/om]s 7 fir/ tim]s :o _h nev] be=e w5d$ _! ways ?r\gh ! mortgage maze4 ,b[ie c\ld r$uce 8 company's c>ry+ *>ges if he didn't ru% homes to completion be=e ! cu/om]s 7 ready = !m4 8,we don't make any money until we deliv] ! h\se10 he said1 8s we ne$ to keep track ( ! "t betwe5 :5 p contract & make application ) a l5d] & h[ long x takes = !m to w9 loan approval4 8,:5 our company _h n9ety or a hundr$ h\ses & 0 backlogg$1 x 0 fairly easy to d manually4 ,b n[ we h almo/ five hundr$ h\ses 9 our backlog40 ,%opp+ ar\nd = a sy/em to h&le all ^? grubby details1 ,b[ie f\nd t comput] /ores didn't treat _! fir/-"t buy]s z well z he want$ to treat 84 8,i look$ at comput]s = a ye>10 he said1 8& ! bigge/ ?+ ,i f\nd 0 ! condesc5d+ attitude ( ! p 9 ! sales c5t]s to someone :o kn[s no?+ ab\t x4 8,i'd walk into a /ore & give !m a writt5 li/ ( my requirem5ts1 & ! fir/ ?+ !y'd tell me 0 #8,y\r requirem5ts are wrong4' ,& t 0 ! case until ,i got to ,cl9ton ,comput]s40 ,b[ie %[$ ,sue ,gro?(f1 ! sales rep1 8 sixty-phase budget %eet--a basic common-s5se rule ( s(tw>e & h>dw>e %opp+4 ,if y're work+ ) docum5ts1 at lea/ nonconfid5tial ones1 !n %[ !m6 ,d s to a /ore4 ,d s to a consultant if y h "o4 ,expla9 z cle>ly z y c j :at k9d ( pap]work y're comput]iz+4 ,"h1 incid5tally1 y c't comp>e ,b[ie & ,bol& 9 an apple-to-apple way4 ,acc\nt+ programs c be mu* tricki] ?an data bases & spread%eets1 especially = companies ) unusual circum/ances l ,bol&'s--t is1 all ^? subsidi>ies 9 a small-to-m$ium bus9ess4 ,x's cle>1 ?\gh1 t :atev] happ5$1 ,gro?(f & ,b[ie communicat$ mu* bett] ?an %e & ,bol&4 8,at ?is po9t10 said ,b[ie1 8,i 0 only int]e/$ 9 loan process+ & budgets1 & ! ma9 ?+ ,i 0 int]e/$ 9 0 budgets40 ,he ?\ght he ne$$ above all an electronic spread%eet4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 = once1 a comput] sales rep knew 8 ne$s bett] ?an he did4 ,gro?(f p]suad$ him t mo/ ( all he ne$$ a data-base program--"o t w\ld help him track loans on hundr$s ( h\ses4 ,x w\ld /ore in=mation & re>range x 9 patt]ns he ne$$4 ,he might n want full copies ( all loan-process+ reports1 = example4 ,in/ead1 he might want j ! names ( ! home buy]s1 say1 or j ! f\ndation co/s ( ea* h\se4 ,or he might want ! program to tote up all ! f\ndation co/s or p]=m o!r ari?metic1 includ+ complicat$ multiplication & division or calculation ( ratios & p]c5tages4 ,& ) a program l d,b,a,s,e ,,ii t's possible4 ,l _m ( its rivals1 x w d "s complex calculations1 n j %uffle facts ar\nd4 ,!re are _m books on d,b,a,s,e ,,ii--yet ano!r advantage & indication ( its popul>ity4 7,two good *oices are d,b,a,s,e ,,ii ,us]'s ,guide by ,adam ,b4 ,gre5 & ,ev]yman's ,database ,prim] featur+ d,b,a,s,e ,,ii by ,rob]t ,by]s47 ,"h are "s ways 9 :i* d,b,a,s,e ,,ii might organize y\r records if y're an executive l ,b[ie3 #a4 ,! ,,create comm& lets y beg9 a file4 #b4 ,a file 9 a data base is ! electronic v]sion ( a file draw] or cab9et4 ,x's j ! space on ! disks hold+ records--say1 ! h\se-budget summ>ies = y\r homes4 #c4 ,a field is a category ( fact l ! am\nt ( money sp5t on ea* air-condition+ sy/em = ea* h\se4 #d4 ,/ructure is simply ! way a record is set up4 ,!re are ?ree big consid]ations--! field names1 ! field wid?1 & ! field type4 ,! field "n is simply a field's title4 ,! field wid? is ! numb] ( spaces requir$ = ! in=mation 9 ea* field4 ,! field type c be "o ( ^! categories3 a4 ,a num]ic field--j numb]s b4 ,a "* field or alphanum]ic field--numb]s1 lett]s1 "q m>ks1 miscellane\s symbols l 810 or spaces betwe5 lett]s or numb]s c4 ,a logical field--"o ) j two *oices1 l 8,y0 = 8,yes0 & 8,n0 = 8,no0 #e4 ,! ,,edit comm& *anges ! cont5ts ( a data field4 ,y c type 9 modifications aft] putt+ y\r cursor 9 ! "r place4 #f4 ,a comm& to ,,app5d c add new records to y\r electronic fil+ cab9et4 #g4 ,sort+ lets y re%uffle records alphabetically1 by date or o!r ways1 j z y w\ld index c>ds4 #h4 ,! ,,li/ comm& tells d,b,a,s,e ,,ii to fla% across ! scre5 ! records t y specify4 #i4 4,,&4 helps y n>r[ d[n ! in=mation y're look+ = or *ang+4 ,consid] ?is hypo!tical example3 ,,li/ ,,= ,,sale3,,p]sn #8,,babbitt' 4,,&4 ,,loan3,,amt #8#gj1jjj' w\ld guide y to all h\ses t a sales rep nam$ ,babbitt sold to a cu/om] borr[+ exactly #gj1jjj4 #aj4 4,,or4 is ano!r way to describe ! desir$ facts4 ,,li/ ,,= ,,sale3,,p]sn #8,,babbitt' 4,,or4 ,,loan3,,amt #8#gj1jjj' w\ld indicate y want$ to see records involv+ ei!r ,babbitt or a loan ( #gj1jjj4 #aa4 ,,li/ ,,= 4,,n4 ,,sale3,,p]sn #8,,babbitt' c\ld help we$ f view1 or ! files1 all records involv+ ,babbitt4 #ab4 ,comm& files are programs t tell ! ma*9e h[ to manipulate ! data s y ne$n't repeat complicat$ proc$ures "o by "o4 ,y might "w out ^! files to simplify y\r secret>y's "w--or he or %e might d ! same = y4 ,b[ie & ,grimes ma/]$ d,b,a,s,e ,,ii basics 9 eight h\rs ( classes at ,cl9ton ,comput]4 8d,b,a,s,e ,,ii 0 real easy10 he said4 8,! manual is 9 pla9 ,engli%4 ,ev5 )\t all our records 9 ! comput] n[1 x saves me & ,julie probably five or six h\rs a week4 ,we 7 do+ x manually be=e1 & we're on ! v]ge ( sav+ o!r p 9 ! company lots ( "t ) ! loan process+ by us+ d,b,a,s,e ,,ii4 ,i ?9k we'd h to say ) five hundr$ h\ses 9 our backlog !re is ! pot5tial = ?is to save u #ej1jjj a ye> 9 c>ry+ *>ges t may h accru$ "u ! old sy/em ( keep+ loan-process+ records4 8,we are go+ to buy ano!r ma*9e10 ,b[ie said1 8= ! ,nor!rn ,division40 ,! pot5tial #ej1jjj annual sav+s f ! two ma*9es1 by ! way1 w\ld include j r$uctions 9 c>ry+ *>ges--n 9 executive "t or tasks besides loan process+4 ,consid] ! economies t w\ld result simply f less pap]work4 8,:5 we fir/ set up ! comput]10 ,b[ie said1 8we set x up exactly l we 7 do+ ?+s manually4 ,z a division manag]1 ,i'm 9 *>ge ( m>ket+ & production4 ,& e>li] we _h 7#a7 m>ket+ reports1 7#b7 production reports1 & 7#c7 reports comb9+ highlights ( ea* = me to det]m9e :e!r to />t h\ses & ?+s l t4 ,b n[ all ?ree categories appe> on "o loan-process+ =m40 d,b,a,s,e ,,ii 7or ! new d,b,a,s,e ,,iii7 may n "w = y4 ,b = ,b[ie x 0 a dream program ?r\gh :i* he c\ld /ore & retrieve records quickly & conv5i5tly = any "o ( _m purposes4 ,he might set up 8 records ma9ly = loan process+4 ,b ! 8,,sale3,,p]sn0 field1 comb9$ ) ! 8,,sale3,,price0 "o1 c\ld tell him :i* outside sales reps 7 sell+ ! mo/ exp5sive homes4 ,9 o!r words1 ! loan-process+ data base 0 "o good way to keep track ( ! salesm5 cat]+ mo/ successfully to ! #ace1jjj buy]s4 ,= :o c>$ :at ,b[ie call$ 8 data base--8,loan ,process+0 or 8,sales08 ,! po9t is1 he c\ld foll[ ! salesm5's p]=mance1 too1 ?r\gh cross-ref]5ces betwe5 fields4 d,b,a,s,e ,,ii 0 a treasure trove ( in=mation ab\t tr5ds1 sales1 or o!rwise4 8,! problem10 said ,b[ie1 8is t d,b,a,s,e ,,ii w\ld "w f9e ) my budget summ>ies = my h\ses1 except !y require sixty fields & d,b,a,s,e ,,ii is limit$ to ?irty-two4 ,s ,sue sugge/$ ! ,multiplan spread%eet program4 ,multiplan is easy to use1 ev5 easi] ?an d,b,a,s,e ,,ii4 ,julie got />t$ ) ,multiplan ) j fifte5 m9utes ( in/ruction40 ,multiplan works on ! same idea z ! bett]-kn[n ,visi,calc program1 :i*1 l ,word,star1 has sold hundr$s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( copies4 ,! true orig9s ( ^! spread%eets g back to #aigh4 ,a ,h>v>d ,,mba /ud5t dislik$ ! t$ium ( us+ a calculator to tote up columns & r[s ( int]relat$ numb]s2 x 0 bor+ ev5 ) a pocket calculator4 ,a *ange 9 j "o numb] c\ld ?r[ (f doz5s ( o!r entries1 s imag9e ! bra9-numb+ effect ( mak+ an error & !n hav+ to recalculate an entire spread%eet4 ,:y n write a comput] program to alt] all ! o!r v>iables if "o *ang$8 ,& s 0 born ! electronic spread%eet2 x & ^w process+ are ! s+le mo/ popul> uses ( microcomput]s--! real ju/ifications = _! exi/5ce4 ,a ,visi,calc-type spread%eet c add1 subtract1 multiply1 av]age1 d p>tial sums1 f9d m9imums1 maximums1 simplify y\r life 9 a numb] ( ways4 ,a description ( ,visi,calc 9 ,,cpa ,micro ,report ticks (f an awesome numb] ( applications3 8sales =eca/s1 pr(it & loss /atem5ts1 rate-(-return calculations1 project s*$ul+1 tax calculation1 pric+ /rategies1 f9ancial plann+1 loan amortization1 league /&+s & report g5]ation40 ,an electronic spread%eet c help d y\r *eckbook2 or x c assi/ 9 ! prep>ation ( a small c\ntry's budget--:i*1 9 fact1 has happ5$4 ,"s ev5 say t spread%eets are contribut+ to ! pap]work delug+ ,am]ican bus9ess4 ,visi,calc coau?or ,dan ,brickl9 disagrees4 8,a lot ( calculations10 he said ( ! pre-,visi,calc days1 87 be+ done on ! backs ( envelopes or corn]s ( envelopes or ! corn]s ( newspap]s4 ,visi,calc isn't caus+ p to produce m numb]s & reports4 ,^? numb]s 7 always !re1 b !y w]5't always be+ id5tifi$40#bh ,footnote #bh3 ,! ,brickl9 quote comes f ,/eve ,ditlea's excell5t article 9 ,popul> ,comput+1 ,septemb] #aihb1 page #dh1 :i* help$ me appreciate ,visi,calc's _m uses4 8,multiplan is incr$ible10 ,b[ie said ( 8 ,visi,calc-/yle s(tw>e4 8,i h g5]at$ budgets to see if !y'll d all ,i want !m to1 to consid] all ! :at ifs4 8,& x's a big help 9 s*$ul+ production4 ,we h a factory produc+ cab9ets = our homes1 & our s*$ul+ sy/em is critical1 s9ce at mo/ x c produce cab9ets = only fifte5 units a week40 ,! cab9et plant manag]1 caught betwe5 ! dem&s ( ,wa%+ton ,homes' nor!rn & s\!rn divisions1 _h s*$ul$ production accord+ to 8 own :ims4 8,x 0 co/+ u a lot ( money 9 miss$ settlem5ts10 said ,b[ie1 8& cab9ets 7 n deliv]$1 or !y 7 ! wrong color & size40 ,he 0 talk+ 9 late ,febru>y1 tell+ h[1 ! o!r day1 he _h load$ 9 ?irty-five m cab9et ord]s & in/antly le>n$ 8we 7 out to ,april #ae on cab9et deliv]ies4 ,t's ! soone/ we c\ld get !m bas$ on ! plant's production capabilities4 ,i'm meet+ ) ! manag] ?is morn+ to see if 9 ! future he c up 8 output4 ,i've f\nd t ev]ybody's got to live ) lead times4 ,ev]ybody's got to give u ! "r lead "t on ord]s1 :i* means we are n[ ord]+ cab9ets = deliv]y at ! end ( ,april & ,may1 :]e we g5]ally 9 ! pa/ w\ld n h ord]$ ,may deliv]y until ,april4 ,if ,i miss five h\se deliv]ies 9 a mon? because ( cab9ets n be+ !re on "t1 !n t's 1#jjj to #e1jjj 9 c>ry+ *>ges ov] ! next ?ree to five mon?s40 ,simil>ly1 ,multiplan 0 probably sav+ ,b[ie sev]al ?\s& doll>s m ov] ! same p]iod by 8id5tify+ h\ses n />t$ because build+ p]mits h n be5 issu$4 ,& x w help id5tify ! reasons :y !y hav5't be54 8,to get a build+ p]mit1 all sorts ( ?+s mu/ fall into place4 ,& n[ we c look at any p>ticul> job at any p>ticul> "t1 & if we see x isn't />t$1 f9d out :y ! p]mit hasn't be5 issu$4 8,we c det]m9e if we're wait+ = site plans or a plumb+ p]mit or electrical p]mit or :atev] x happ5$ to be & in/antly t>get & solve t problem4 8,be=e1 ! record keep+ 0 #8,g get a p]mit4 ,h y got x yet8' ,!re 7 no details1 no backup4 ,we reli$ on our field p to get ! p]mits1 & !y w\ld get ! p]mits 9 a way t 0 timely = !m & _! production s*emes b n 9 a way t 0 timely = u 9 bottom-l9e deliv]ies4 ,s we are n[ able to t>get all ! p]mit process & make x happ5 at our rate40 ,n only 0 ,b[ie us+ ,multiplan z a spread%eet to plug 9 all ! :at ifs2 he 0 also us+ x z a data base1 ev5 if x wasn't z nimble 9 manipulat+ nonnum]ic data z d,b,a,s,e ,,ii c\ld be4 ,:atev] *ore ,b[ie 0 us+ ,multiplan =1 he lov$ ! 8,help0 scre5s4 ,he c\ld turn !m on to guide himself ?r\gh ! comm&s he wasn't famili> )2 besides1 all ( ,multiplan's basic comm&s 7 normally at ! bottom ( ! scre51 anyway4 ,multiplan1 by ! "t y're read+ ?is1 may n be ! be/ spread%eet on ! m>ket1 at lea/ n = y4 ,b at "o po9t ,,cpa ,micro ,report 0 pron\nc+ x ! 8new ,empress ( ,spread%eets0 = acc\ntants us+ a wide range ( comput]s4 ,multiplan ev5 work$ ) ,visi,calc files s t us]s ( ! old] program c\ld easily conv]t4 8,multiplan10 said ,micro ,report1 8444 c sort a l9e-by-l9e record ( ev5ts by acc\nt numb] or "n--a frequ5t requirem5t 9 ,,cpa applications40 ,keep]s ( exp5se acc\nts1 presumably1 c\ld *]i% su* a capability4 ,also1 ,multiplan1 z ! newslett] po9t$ out1 lets y "n y\r v>iables2 y c\ld ref] m easily to ! cells or ! exact locations 9 ! columns & r[s4 ,in/ead ( say+ cells 8,a#bf0 or 8,r#ch,p10 y c\ld ref] to 8,sales0 & 8,total ,co/s40 ,) programs l ,multiplan1 s(tw>e design]s are m successfully cat]+ to ! ne$s ( bus9esspeople :o want comput]s to adju/ to !m r ?an ! o!r way ar\nd4 ,t's h[ x %\ld be4 ,b[ie is a con/ruction executive1 n a comput] exp]t1 & ,bol&'s an acc\ntant r ?an a hack]4 ,b[ie1 h[ev]1 pla9ly seem$ m will+ to live ) ! complexities ( exi/+ s(tw>e4 ,_m 9 8 place w\ld h us$ a consultant--& wisely1 ,i ?9k1 = ,wa%+ton ,homes 0 a multimillion-doll> op]ation--yet ,b[ie _h ! backgr\nd & pati5ce to comput]ize j ) guidance f a /ore4 ,he might n h be5 a comput] exp]t4 ,b he lov$ ! new4 ,he lov$ complexity if he c\ld logically unravel x4 ,he didn't m9d mi/akes4 ,he felt 9 control because he _h backups on disk & on pap]4 ,! manuals didn't sc>e him4 ,in/ead ( soak+ up e ^w !re1 ,b[ie1 l ,seym\r ,rub9/e91 _h a gift = kn[+ :i* page to flip to if he _h tr\ble4 ,b[ie 0 a born micro us]4 ,h[ev] s]i\s ab\t 8 job1 he might z well h be5 a *ild relax+ aft] s*ool ) a few r\nds ( ,pac-,man4 ,he lov$ see+ in/ant cause-&-effect relation%ips4 ,he took z mu* delight 9 le>n+ :]e 8 division c\ld be six mon?s h5ce z a *ild might take 9 w9n+ an arcade game4 ,he consid]$ 8 comput] 8! greate/ !rapy 9 ! _w10 an opportunity to 8sit d[n & feel really good0 9 8a fairly high t5sion bus9ess40 ,edw>d ,bol&1 too1 h[ev]1 9 a diff]5t1 m /ructur$ way1 0 curi\s ab\t numb]s & life1 & 9 ! end1 ,i suspect1 ! two m5's le>n+ /yles didn't entirely expla9 _! op9ions ( _! programs4 ,bol&s' g5]al-l$g] s(tw>e j wasn't "r = 8 ne$s4 ,x /raitjacket$ him4 ,b[ie's programs1 on ! o!r h&1 help$ him d j ab\t any?+ he want$4 8,any?+10 incid5tally1 includ$ advanc+ 8 c>e]4 ,:5 ,i next caught up ) him1 9 ,may #aihd1 he 0 presid5t ( ano!r con/ruction firm & own$ "o-?ird ( t company & 0 tak+ home a pay*eck ?irty-five p]c5t bigg]4 ,b[ie said 8 comput] skills 8_h a great deal to d ) x4 ,i _h managem5t tools t n v _m o!r p _h40 ,alan ,s*>f3 ,integrat$ ,program1 ,includ+ ,graphics ,alan ,s*>f1 a =ty-?ree-ye>-old ,new ,york executive1 also has a nice t\* ) s(tw>e--a good-en\gh "o1 9 fact1 to h help$ w9 him a job at a blue-*ip firm at triple 8 old sal>y4 8,x's done wond]s = my e>n+ p[]10 he said f 8 (fices at ,m]rill ,lyn* ,leas+1 ,inc41 :]e he 0 a #ge1jjj-;a-ye> assi/ant vice-presid5t4 8,i got ?is job because ,i walk$ 9 & told !m ,i c\ld d a bett] job on an ,apple4 8,i didn't own "o at home at ! "t4 ,b y c be sure t ,i b\ght "o promptly & bon$ up on x = ! next ?ree weeks1 & ( c\rse ,i'd done a lot ( rese>* on ! ,apple be=e !n to make sure ,i c\ld deliv] on my promise4 8,my previ\s company _h refus$ to let me get "o to improve op]ations !re & d e/ate taxes4 ,i _h to d !m by h& on a calculator4 ,x took h\rs p] cli5t4 ,& ,i got mad4 ,mo/ p my age are afraid ( comput]s1 b ,i'd work$ ) ^w processors4 ,& :at are ^w processors b ano!r k9d ( comput]80 ,s ,s*>f left 8 job z an e/ate tax plann] ) a /aid old brok]age firm & set up %op at ,m]rill ,lyn*'s division deal+ ) real e/ate & equipm5t leas+4 ,x 0 a ,visi,calc devotee's dream job1 "o call+ = quick1 repetitive1 accurate ma? 9 deals z big z #aej million4 ,m]rill ,lyn* ,leas+ made bids to companies hungry = bett] ca% fl[4 ,! leas+ company 7& rivals7 (f]$ to buy _! headqu>t]s build+s or o!r real e/ate1 free+ ! money = bigg] factories or rese>* & developm5t4 ,x 0 a s]ies ( leaseback arrangem5ts4 ,m]rill ,lyn* organiz$ syndicates = ! ultimate buy]s--p or companies eag] = tax %elt]s4 ,& t meant m ?an a little numb]s crun*+4 ,imag9e ! v>iables4 ,! deals _h to be sexy en\gh to ! sell+ companies = ,m]rill ,lyn* to w9 ! bids4 ,at ! same "t1 ! tax %elt]s c\ldn't leak4 ,! deals mu/ provide ! buy]s ) ! write-(fs t ! prospectuses f ! leas+ company promis$4 ,ideally1 too1 !y w\ld yield maximum tax advantages on m9imum inve/m5ts4 ,& = inve/m5ts ( diff]5t sizes & at diff]5t tax rates1 j :at w\ld ! v>i\s b5efits be8 ,:5 ,s*>f report$ = "w1 he f\nd t ! real e/ate dep>tm5t ( ! leas+ company 0 on ! v]ge ( sp5d+ #bjj1jjj a ye> tapp+ into an outside firm's comput] to come up ) ! "r numb]s4 ,! big ma*9e w\ld h be5 able to d simple debt-amortization calculations4 ,s*>f c\ld h told a company1 = in/ance1 h[ long x w\ld take to pay (f a mortgage on a build+ = :i* ,m]rill ,lyn* propos$ a leaseback4 ,b t 0 only a small "p ( :at ! job ne$$4 ,& :at ab\t ! co/s8 ,s ,s*>f in/ead us$ an ,apple sy/em co/+ less ?an #g1jjj1 a "o-"t inve/m5t4 ,! ,apple c\ldn't d all ! calculations ne$$1 b x c\ld actually outp]=m ! "t-%>+ sy/em 9 "s ways4 ,consid] simultane\s equations4 ,! s(tw>e on big ma*9es--at lea/ by way ( ! t]m9als at ,m]rill ,lyn* ,leas+--j didn't include !m4 ,b ! ,apple c\ld simulate ?is capability4 ,) ! ,visi,calc spread%eet x c\ld juggle ar\nd doz5s ( int]relat$ /ati/ics1 us+ nightm>i%ly elaborate algebra ) ,cat*-#bb-l ma!matical spirals4 ,9 o!r words1 y want$ to "k ! value ( x1 & x dep5d$ on ! value ( y & z1 & y c\ldn't solve = y until y solv$ z1 & y c\ldn't solve = z until y knew x4 ,t's h[ x work$1 except1 q possibly1 ,s*>f & 8 /aff w\ld be wre/l+ )1 say1 a ?r\gh k in/ead ( j x ?r\gh z4 ,/ruggl+ ) ^! ,cat*-#bbs1 ! ,apple 0 a sl[poke by comput] /&>ds4 ,x /ill took half an h\r4 ,t might seem l ! ,indy #ejj to someone accu/om$ to h& calculations4 ,b ,s*>f mu/ h felt ! same way ,i did ab\t inf]ior ^w-process+ s(tw>e4 ,h[ev] fa/] ?an )\t a comput]1 x /ill limit$ y\r possibilities4 ,y didn't h z mu* "t to exp]im5t ) all y\r *oices4 ,& ! m "t ,s*>f _h1 ! m closely he c\ld consid] all ! v>iables & ! m attractive c\ld be ,m]rill ,lyn*'s leaseback bids4 ,! ,apple did its job4 8,we us$ x to compete successfully = "w ) a numb] ( well-kn[n cli5ts10 ,s*>f said4 8,anheus] ,bus*--we did _! (fice build+ 9 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,we work$ ) ,b5eficial ,corporation4 ,we've done a numb] ( ,k m>t /ores40 ,s*>f1 nev] smug1 /ill t9k]$ ) ! ,apple & its s(tw>e4 ,an obs]vant comput] deal] notic$ he w\ld keep ask+ = l>g] ,,ram bo>ds to all[ him to d bigg]1 fanci] spread%eets4 ,& s x 0 t ! deal] nom9at$ ,s*>f a te/] = ,lotus #a-b-c 9 late summ] #aihb4 #a-b-c 0 ! new integrat$ s(tw>e f ,lotus ,developm5t ,corporation1 a ,massa*usetts firm />t$ by a =m] rock disk jockey ri* ) #ejj1jjj 9 royalties f programs sold to ! mak]s ( ,visi,calc4 #a-b-c comb9$ a spread%eet1 graphics1 & data base4 ,y c\ld1 = in/ance1 pump figures f ! spread%eet program directly into ! data base ) a few simple key/rokes4 ,y didn't h to g ?r\gh unwieldy comput] rigam>ole to transf] facts f "o k9d ( electronic file to ano!r4 ,m important1 h[ev]1 ,lotus1 at lea/ = ,s*>f's use1 0 a m p[]ful numb]s crun*] ?an ! ,visi,calc he ran on 8 ,apple4 ,lotus 0 = ! #af-;bit ,,ibm ,,pc4 ,sixte5-bit ma*9es 7 spe$ demons = numb]s crun*]s1 especially ) p[]ful programs l #a-b-c4 ,an ,apple-,visi,calc duo h&l$ work%eets ) #bed r[s & ab\t #fe columns4 ,b an ,,ibm & #a-b-c duo c\ld take on #b1jdh r[s & #bef columns4 ,s*>f's fir/ te/ v]sion ( #a-b-c crack$ simultane\s equations 9 f\r m9utes1 "o-t5? ! "t t ! ,apple-,visi,calc comb9ation took4 ,income & ca%-fl[ /atem5ts came out calculat$ to ! ne>e/ p5ny4 ,alan ,s*>f's ,tips on ,*oos+ ! ,"r ,spread%eet ,n e spread%eet us] has ne$s z complex z ^? ( ,alan ,s*>f1 a :iz ) ,lotus #a-b-c & ,symphony1 b "h are traits he says y might look =3 #a4 ,a l>ge numb] ( r[s & columns4 ,a spread%eet ( #bed r[s & #fe columns doesn't mean y c "w ) #bed r[s & #fe columns conta9+ a total ( #af1eaj cells4 ,! actual numb] ( cells--! numb] ( columns multipli$ by r[s--w be only ab\t a ?\s&4 ,a #fdj,k-,,ram ma*9e & an elaborate spread%eet w\ld be mu* m appropriate = budget plann]s 9 a l>ge corporation ) _m products & divisions4 #b4 ,spe$4 8,ev5 ) a simple spread%eet10 says ,s*>f1 8someone might get annoy$ if x seem$ to drag40 ,9 late #aihd 8 complex calculations on an ,,ibm ,,pc 7 tak+ z mu* z f\r & "o-half m9utes4 ,& he said3 8,!re are times :5 ,i j ne$ ! answ]s fa/]40 ,! p[]ful ,,ibm ,,at c\ld run ! pres5t v]sion ( ,lotus #a-b-c twice z fa/4 ,h[ev]1 he 0 /ill look+ =w>d to ! day :5 a v]sion ( ,lotus #a-b-c = ! ,,at w\ld require ev5 less "t & address ! full #c megabytes ( memory 7aid$ by a new op]at+ sy/em74 ,consult micro magaz9es = ! late/ spe$ comp>isons4 #c4 ,g5]al simplicity & ease ( use4 ,9 tricky places1 does ! program (f] 8help0 messages 9 pla9 ,engli% to guide y ?r\gh v>i\s proc$ures if y want8 ,ease ( use w increase z comput] memories gr[ l>g] & leave m room = 8help0 features4 #d4 ,range ( comm&s4 ,mo/ spread%eets n[adays let y easily move or copy numb]s4 ,b !re are less common b v useful comm&s4 ,symphony1 = in/ance1 lets y flu% out =mulas beh9d calculat$ cells s y c rega9 available memory space4 #e4 ,! ability to d :at-if tables4 ,! be/ spread%eets won't j tell y :at y\r pr(its w\ld be if y\r co/s increas$ by x am\nt4 ,!y'll also let y calculate = a :ole range ( numb]s ar\nd x1 automatically creat+ a table4 #f4 ,easy consolidation ( figures f diff]5t spread%eets4 ,t's no small matt] if y're try+ to come up ) a pr(it & loss /atem5t = a tw5ty-division company4 ,lotus #a-b-c1 unlike "s rivals1 lets y consolidate an unlimit$ numb] ( divisions4 #g4 ,natural ord] ( recalculation4 ,cells mu/ influ5ce ! numb]s 9 o!r cells 9 a precise sequ5ce if "s calculations are to be accurate4 ,natural ord] ( recalculation helps y automatically control t sequ5ce4 #h4 ,a useful macro language4 ,macros are comb9ations ( comm&s t y c program into y\r comput] to r$uce ! numb] ( key/rokes & save "t4 ,a macro language sy/ematizes ^! %ortcuts4 ,he c\ld use #a-b-c 9 ! future1 moreov]1 z a data base ) up to #cb fields & up to two ?\s& records1 & x did all! basic se>* & sort+ t y'd h 9 o!r data-base sy/ems4 ,at ! "t ,i talk$ to him1 ! names & addresses ( inve/ors--receiv+ qu>t]ly income reports--7 /ill /or$ on an ,apple4 ,s*>f 0 wait+ = ! "r ^w processor-mail] to come along to "w ) ! #a-b-c4 ,!n ! massive retyp+ job = ! address li/s w\ld be wor?:ile4 ,) space = two ?\s& names1 #a-b-c w\ld be mu* m useful ?an j a small fil]4 ,x w\ldn't be j a primitive record-keep+ sy/em ) limit$ capacity4 ,mean:ile1 = ,s*>f1 graphics 0 a snap4 8,if ,i s5d out a ?irty-page bid1 ,i d ?ree or f\r graphs ) x10 ,s*>f said4 8,we h a sell+ job to d ) bo? ! pot5tial corporate leasees & ! pot5tial inv5tors4 ,! pres5tations are complex1 & ! graphics come 9 v h&y4 ,we use l9e graphs & b> graphs %[+ ! exp5se ( lease paym5ts v]sus mortgage paym5ts if !y w5t out & mortgag$ ! prop]ties conv5tionally4 ,! m9imum t]ms ( ! leases are usually tw5ty-five ye>s2 x's a huge numb]s-crun*+ job1 & we try to simplify ev]y?+ z mu* z we c4 ,i come up ) ! figures on ! spread%eet "p ( #a-b-c4 ,!n ,i tell :at ,i want on ! graph4 ,maybe ,i want to make a l9e = ! r5tal income1 int]e/ exp5se1 depreciation1 or taxable income4 ,s ,i select ! appropriate columns on ! spread%eet4 ,!n ,i pu% #8,v' = #8,view1' & ,i c see my "w in/antly z a graph4 ,if ,i don't l x1 ,i c quickly r$o my calculations & look at ! graph aga94 8,& #a-b-c (f]s a trem5d\s range ( pr9t+ options4 ,y c specify h[ _m r[s y want p] page4 ,y c tell if y want bord] l9es sep>at+ "s numb]s & titles ( columns4 ,y c tell if y want a head]--c indicate ! subject on ea* page4 8,! pr9t\t c be 9 any "o ( sev]al type /yles on dot-matrix ma*9es4 ,or y c use a daisy :eel ) its own typewrit]-/yle pr9t4 8,& y c d color4 ,a colleague uses plott]s40 ,controll$ by ! ,i,b,ms & ,lotus #a-b-c1 ballpo9t p5s1 ) diff]5t colors1 wriggle up & d[n4 ,!y c make b>s z well z l9e graphs1 & pies1 too1 among o!rs4 ,n t ,lotus 0 ! answ] = ev]yone4 ,s(t4lett]1 ,jeffrey ,t>t]'s trade publication1 not$ t all integrat$ programs compromis$ 9 "s way & 7 ! s(tw>e v]sion ( a ,swiss army knife4 8,swiss army knives are nifty gadgets2 we've got sev]al ourselves10 said ,s(t4lett]1 8b we don't use !m mu*4 ,in/ead1 we use specializ$ tools = specializ$ tasks--screw-driv]s = pok+ ar\nd inside ! ,apple1 a /&-alone cork-screw = uncork+ ! ,*ablis1 & a nice big c>bon /eel blade = c>v+ roa/ beef4 ,ea* ( ^! tools does its specific job bett] ?an ! multipurpose tool40 ,at lea/ 9 ! v]sion available z ( ?is writ+--li/+ = #die--,lotus #a-b-c didn't h a real ^w processor4 ,y c\ld write p>agraphs4 ,b x lack$ ! spe$ ( true ^w processors & 0 awkw>d4 ,nor did x (f] communications s(tw>e to use ) a modem4 ,context ,,mba1 a rival integrat$ program1 did4 ,b !n ,,mba's spread%eet module wasn't ne>ly z fi]ce a numb]s crun*] z #a-b-c's 04 ,lotus plann$ to improve #a-b-c's text-process+ ability--:i* x did1 ultimately1 along ) ! data base1 graphics1 & spread%eet capabilities ( a sup]-#a-b-c call$ ,symphony4 ,! new program1 unlike #a-b-c1 also let y talk to o!r comput]s4 ,at ,m]rill ,lyn* ,leas+1 h[ev]1 ,s*>f hadn't any ne$ to rea* a ma9frame = 8 calculations4 ,8 f\r ,i,b,ms ) #a-b-c 7 do+ ! "w4 ,!y _h co/ #dj1jjj1 includ+ extras l pr9t]s2 except = s]vice1 t 0 x4 ,:at's m1 ) f\r p1 ,s*>f said1 he 0 tackl+ ! same "w load t eight p 7 h&l+ 9 a simil> (fice on ! equipm5t-leas+ side ( ! op]ation4 ,mon?s lat] ,i rea*$ ,s*>f to f9d out if 8 c>e] 0 /ill 9 asc5t4 8,i'm n[ a vice-presid5t10 he said4 ,8 sal>y _h brok5 ! six-figure b>ri]1 & he 0 hop+ = a /ill m lucrative job !re or ) ano!r firm4 ,x 0 a good fit1 ,s*>f & 8 s(tw>e4 ,he _h ! be/ program = him4 8,mo/ p w\ld r talk ab\t h>dw>e10 he said4 8,i "k h>dw>e1 b ,i'd r discuss s(tw>e40 ,he _h a po9t4 ,especially n[1 :5 !re are s _m clones ( v>i\s ,,ibm micros1 y'll f9d t good s(tw>e w give y an edge on y\r competition4 ,y c also ga9 an advantage by exp]im5t+ ) new types ( programs4 ,! next *apt] discusses graphics1 :i*1 aft] _m ye>s1 is at la/ becom+ practical = own]s ( inexp5sive micros4 ,backups3 ,v1 8#c-;,d0 ,v]sus ,mail-,ord] ,s(tw>e--& ,h[ to ,%op1 page #cai4 ,,vi1 8,easy0 ,data ,bases3 ,ano!r ,view 7,m5sa ,memb] ,v]sus ,info,star71 page #cbc4 #g ,graphics 7or ,h[ a ,m\se ,help$ ,joe ,%elton's ,fri5ds ,/op ,feel+ ,l ,rats7 ,:5 a ,cali=nia executive invit$ p to 8 ap>tm5t1 !y (t5 end$ up feel+ l rats 9 a laboratory maze4 8,i _h p driv+ ar\nd = half an h\r & f9d a phone & say1 #8,come on ov] & get me1'0 says ,joe ,%elton4 ,9 rec5t ye>s1 h[ev]1 ! 8hit rate0 = f9d+ ,joe's place has jump$ f #ej p]c5t to ov] #ie1 & comput] graphics is ! reason4 ,joe's neat little map %[s a mile-squ>e area ) up to five turns be=e y ev5 />t w5d+ y\r way ?r\gh ! complex ( #aej units4 ,he isn't an arti/4 ,b he uses a ,mac9to% comput]4 ,) ! ,mac's fam\s 8m\se0--! po9t] device t ,joe rolls along 8 desk to move ! cursor--he c ef=tlessly make sket*es4 ,grant$1 ,joe isn't deta*$ ab\t ,mac's virtues1 n z a #ej1jjj-;a-ye> s(tw>e products manag] ) ,apple ,comput]6 ,& ?is p>ticul> example is trivial4 ,x's also1 h[ev]1 irresi/ible4 ,& ! /ory inde$ %[s h[ graphics c ease ! life ( a corporate manag]4 ,p also use comput]-drawn maps =1 say1 direct+ colleagues to meet+s 9 new places4 ,! easi]-to-use graphics programs--l ,mac,paint--are to art :at ^w process+ is to writ+4 ,!y won't turn y into ,picasso4 ,b !y'll make y\r sket*es & designs look less l y\r k9d]g>tn]'s4 8,b ,i c't ev5 draw a /raight l9e10 y prote/4 ,well1 ,mac-/yle graphics programs w help y electronically pick a l9e out4 ,or a circle4 ,or a rectangle4 ,y also1 ( c\rse1 c control ! sizes & locations ( ! %apes y select4 ,& y c *oose %ad+4 ,& v>y its int5sity4 ,& y c also use exotic type /yles & ev5 design y\r own type4 ,by lett+ y zap mi/akes1 )\t messy erasures1 comput] graphics may ev5tually halve ! "t x takes = y to d a complicat$ draw+4 ,directions3 ,turn onto ,c>y ,av5ue4 ,foll[ ,c>y ar\nd left & !n "r b5ds = at lea/ 4#c mile f ,wa%+ton ,/ & turn into ap>tm5t entrance on "r4 ,make imm$iate left turn & cont9ue until y cross spe$ bump4 ,p>k 9 any uncov]$ space on left4 ,ap>tm5t #d is up/airs 9 ! middle on ! o!r side ( ! build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,w\ld y feel l rat 9 a maze if y _h a map l ?is to guide y to ,apple executive ,joe ,%elton's h\se8 ,inde$ y w\ld4 ,le/ anyone mi/ake ,joe = ,cu/om] ,support1 ! map doesn't conta9 8 actual address4 ,( c\rse !re'll always be resi/ance to graphics f "s h>d-core bureaucrats 9 & out ( gov]nm5t4 8,! ,mac9to%10 gripes "o1 8takes u back to ! "t p 7 draw+ pictures on cave walls40 ,he'll tol]ate "s graphics b loves to read & write tw5ty-page memos4 ,& if ,i 7 an executive1 ,i myself w\ld gr[l if my p insi/$ on ,macs j s !y c\ld use ,old ,engli% *>act]s = r\t9e pap]work4 ,9 fact1 = t1 ,i'd r "w ) a ,kaypro or a m\seless ,,ibm ,,pc4 8,= ! _w ( lett]s & numb]s a comput] )\t a m\se w\ld be bett]10 says ,james ,fall[s1 ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly's ,wa%+ton editor1 :o tri$ a ,mac = sev]al weeks b happily return$ to a ma*9e ) ,word,star4 ,he & ,i are baffl$4 ,we c't und]/& ! ,mac's lack ( cursor keys4 ,:y c\ldn't ,apple h k9dly let ,mac us]s move ! cursor conv5tionally on ! scre5 if !y want$8 ,omitt+ ! cursor keys 0 ,,ibm-/yle arrogance1 no ifs or buts4 ,ev5 if cursor keys become available on a numb]s pad1 x won't be ! same z hav+ !m 9 a conv5i5t location on ! ma9 keybo>d4 ,b graphics8 ,t's :]e ! ,mac & simil> ma*9es may pay (f = p ) ov]s*$ul$ art dep>tm5ts or an hone/ will+ness to exp]im5t3 ,a ,cali=nia design] c draw a hot-wat] sy/em = an outdoor c> wa% 9 j f\r h\rs1 ?anks to 8 ,mac2 once x took him days4 ,a ,wa%+ton /ate man uses 8 ,mac9to% to design optimal or*>d lay\ts4 ,ano!r us] lays out ! ,yell[ ,pages ) 8 ,mac9to%1 :ile /ill ano!r employs "o to plan pa9t+s4#bi ,footnote #bi3 ,! c> wa%1 or*>d1 ,yell[ ,pages1 & pa9t+ examples come f ,,usa ,today1 ,may #c1 #aihd4 ,adv]tis+ ag5cies1 especially1 may b5efit f comput] graphics ev5 if ! ,mac-pric$ te*nology /ill has "s flaws4 ,take "o example4 ,j aft] a ,colorado ag5cy b\ght a ,mac1 a bank want$ an ad say+ t x gave p]sonal s]vice--t its cu/om]s 7 m ?an comput] numb]s4 ,b h[ to get ! idea on pap]8 8,i sugge/$ t ! bank use a comput] = ! ad10 said ,rebecca ,gles5]1 assi/ant art director ( ,heisley ,design & ,adv]tis+1 a tw5ty-five-p]son ag5cy 9 ,colorado ,spr+s4 ,! bank agre$4 ,us+ a ,mac9to%1 a ,heisley arti/ drew a man & woman ) masses ( numb]s on _! faces4 8,if y\r bank sees y ?is way10 ! ad said1 8come see u40 ,we/]n ,national ,banks lov$ ! results4 ,& :5 ,i talk$ to ,gles5]1 h] ag5cy 0 ab\t to unlea% ano!r ,mac-drawn ad--! ma*9e's 8self-portrait0--= an ,apple deal]4 8,we h sev]al cli5ts 9 ! comput] bus9ess10 ,gles5] said1 8& we ?\ght we %\ld be aw>e ( comput]s40 ,( c\rse y don't />t in/antly do+ fir/-class graphics "w on ,mac-l ma*9es4 ,take ! man draw+ ! ,we/]n ad4 ,he _h 8no comput] skills0 9 8 backgr\nd1 & he toy$ ar\nd ) ! ,mac = "s six h\rs or s be=e he did ! numb]s heads = ! bank4 ,) ! art /a%$ away on comput] disks1 ?\gh1 ! ,heisley ag5cy c\ld m easily crank out diff]5t v]sions ( ! same draw+4 ,x's l ^w process+4 ,once y've /or$ y\r mat]ial on y\r comput] disk1 y ne$n't />t ov] f /ep "o4 ,mac-l ma*9es may also /reaml9e ad ag5cies' mock-up "w4 ,?r\gh ! m>vels ( graphics an art director c m easily figure out ! be/ location = ,brooke ,%ields's d]ri]e 9 a jeans lay\t4 ,9 fact1 ! ,heisley p said !y _h us$ ,mac successfully on drafts ( a sales bro*ure & an ad = ! ,u4,s4 ,amateur ,hockey ,association4 ,ev5 s1 ,don ,pi]ce1 ! arti/ beh9d ! bank ad1 w>ns3 8,inexp5sive ma*9es l ! ,mac c't come up ) draw+s good en\gh = f9al ads )\t a delib]ate comput] effect4 ,a l9e o!r ?an a =ty-five-degree l9e c be pretty ragg$ because ! ma*9e makes !m 9 /eps40 ,& !y lack a good-en\gh resolution to d[nplay ! r\ghness4 ,ev5tually1 ( c\rse--?r\gh high-quality graphics made on las] pr9t]s--*eap ma*9es may turn out slick ads t don't scream1 8,a comput] made me60 ,mean:ile1 ,mac-l comput]s w d f9e = drafts & nonpubli%$ "w4 ,already1 :5 hook$ up "r to "s ,compugraphic typesett+ ma*9]y1 ,mac's si/] comput] ,lisa ,,ii c turn out seamless *>ts = publication4 ,:o else might use comput] graphics8 ,"s examples3 ,a ,,sales ,,rep 7,,or ,,bro*ure ,,design]7 ,comput] graphics w\ld help y simplify a complicat$ bro*ure 9 :i* tw5ty /ati/ics prov$ ! sup]iority ( y\r company's indu/rial di%wa%] to ,br& ,x's4 ,!re's no "q--graphics c liv5 up o!rwise dull data1 & rememb]3 if p don't read1 !re's less *ance !y'll buy4 ,9 t s5se1 sales lit]ature isn't s diff]5t f a newspap]4 ,aga91 ?\gh1 be> 9 m9d t ! inexp5sive comput]s may n produce graphics ( pr(essional smoo?ness4 ,a ,,corporate ,,tra9+ ,,(ficial ,,or ,,tea*] ,y c ,x]ox y\r ,mac-drawn pictures ( a widget mak] or ,mayan artifacts--p]haps ev5 include !m 9 te/ pap]s4 ,& y or y\r audiovisual speciali/ c ev5 prep>e ov]head slides by photocopy+ ! draw+s onto cle> pla/ic %eets4 ,a ,,bureaucrat ,! same slide te*nique c\ld be a relief to bureaucrats prep>+ l[- or mid-level brief+4 ,a ,,p]sonnel ,,or ,,division ,,manag] ,:at a boon to ! addict$ draft]s ( p]sonnel *>ts6 ,n[1 !re's a d>k side to ?is4 ,i h a good fri5d at ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,h\s+ & ,urban ,developm5t nam$ ,al ,ripskis4#cj 8,!y're reorganiz+ aga910 he groans f "t to "t4 ,x's a wa/e ( good tax money 9 ,al's op9ion4 ,! faces & desks *ange2 ! bungl+ rema9s4 ,footnote #cj3 ,ripskis is n ! h>d-core bureaucrat ,i m5tion$ e>li] 9 ! *apt]4 ,he 9 fact puts out an und]gr\nd newslett] regul>ly expos+ 8 ag5cy4 ,%elton1 ?\gh1 says ! bett] companies ?rive on fluidity1 & 9 ,silicon ,valley he may be "r4 ,x dep5ds on y\r outfit's /yle ( managem5t4 ,don't play comput] games ) y\r p1 h[ev]1 j because ! ma*9es make x easi] to play musical *airs4 ,,an ,,ar*itect ,microcomput] graphics might be j ! ticket = r\gh sket*es4 ,9 fact1 on a sophi/icat$ ma*9e1 ! comput] graphics w\ld d = ! f9al v]sion4 ,:o kn[s8 ,an ar*itect som$ay might c>ry ar\nd a little comput] ! size ( a sket* pad & d designs to be f$ into a l>g] ma*9e = ! detail "w4 ,a ,,product ,,design] ,if ,i 7 "o1 ,i'd leap at ! *ance to try comput]-aid$ graphics4 ,soon] or lat]1 ,am]ican indu/ry w make widespread use ( ma*9es t automatically turn draw+s into real fry+ pans1 soap b>s1 or refrig]ator cab9ets4 ,well1 x won't be t simple4 ,b comput] graphics & relat$ te*nologies w increas+ly blur ! l9e betwe5 creative types & production p4 ,j look at ! newspap] indu/ry4 ,report]s1 aft] all1 on mo/ daily pap]s are basically sett+ ! type = _! /ories z !y tap !m out4 ,b back to ! factory4 ,! j>gon is comput]-aid$ design_/comput]-aid$ manufactur+ or ,,cad_/,,cam4 ,a ,,facilities ,,manag] ,work+ on ! floor lay\t = (fices t y\r company w r5t8 ,comput] graphics c\ld be j "r 9 ?is era ( in/ant p>titions4 ,a ,,conv5tion ,,plann] ,:at bett] way to juggle ar\nd ! positions ( v>i\s boo?s on y\r *>ts8 ,a ,,corporate ,,plann] 7,,& ,,_m ,,o!r ,,executives7 ,build+ nucle> subm>9es1 y might worry ab\t y\r keel be=e y\r propell] %aft4 ,an ov]g5]alization1 maybe4 ,b t's h[ a def5se contractor hit on ! ne$ = ,project ,evaluation ,review ,te*niques 7,,p]t7 s(tw>e4 ,*>lie ,b[ie--! home con/ruction executive 9 ! la/ *apt] :o worri$ ab\t 8 basem5ts be=e 8 floors--might h us$ a ,,p]t-/yle program ) graphics to keep up ) 8 priorities4 8,) ,,p]t programs10 says ,%elton1 8y c graphically draw important relation%ips3 #8,?is has to be done be=e ?is />ts4' ,or1 #8,bo? ( ^! h to be done be=e ! o!r ?+ />ts4' ,or1 #8,?is c wait :ile ! o!rs are done4'0 ,a m complex ,,p]t c help y juggle priorities ( two hundr$ or s projects4 8,x's a capability magnifi]10 admits ev5 my fri5d ! h>d-core bureaucrat4 8,,p]t *>t+ by h& takes t5 times z long z a comput]4 ,y c we> holes 9 ! pap]--eras+ mi/akes--if y d x by h&40 ,he>+ ( ,,p]t1 ,i recall$ ! ,case ( ,! ,miss+ ,cafet]ia4 ,! taxpay]s 7 suppos$ to get a cafet]ia--wor? maybe #ejj1jjj or m--at ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,! l&lord's company1 h[ev]1 laid n "o brick = ! cafet]ia4 ,"s say x 0 politics--he 0 once a fri5d ( ,spiro ,agnew's4 ,! l&lord d5ies any?+ wrong4 ,:atev] happ5$1 ! case boggles ! m9d4 ,h[ c\ld an entire cafet]ia slip ?r\gh ! cracks2 h[ c\ld ! ,g5]al ,s]vices ,adm9i/ration1 ! gov]nm5t's real e/ate ag5t1 h %ov$ aside su* an important detail ev5 9 a #fj-million-plus lease8 ,y nev] "k4 ,p]haps ) ,,p]t graphics 9 ! "r f$]al (fices 9 ! #aigjs1 "s budget-m9d$ lun*]s today w\ldn't feel =c$ to br[n bag x4 8,:5 y h s _m little pieces10 says my fri5d ! ,h>d-,core ,bureaucrat1 work+ at ano!r ag5cy1 8x's s easy to let "o drop (f ! table4 ,we c\ld sure use a good ^w processor-cum-,,p]t ma*9e40 ,al?\gh comput]s c help y tidy up y\r "w1 !y !mselves c be messy en\gh unless y "k :at y're do+4 ,!re's no sub/itute = a good comput] exp]t 9 _m cases4 ,& tra9+1 too4 ,9 ! foll[+ *apt]1 y'll h "o answ] to 8p0 problems--! 8,:o-,h[ ,solution40 ,backup3 ,,vii1 ,graphics ,tips1 page #cca4 #h ,p3 ! ,:o-,h[ ,solution ,/ew>t ,rese>*1 ,inc4--a fictiti\s "n1 along ) ! o!rs 9 ?is tale1 :i* is true 9 ! ma9 elem5ts--once seem$ on ! v]ge ( big money4 ,frank ,/ew>t1 a slim1 int5se "y *a9-smok]1 0 receiv+ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s f a l>ge company to monitor congressm5 & bureaucrats influ5c+ c]ta9 bus9ess activities4 ,he plann$ to sum up gigantic piles ( newspap] /ories inside a comput]4 ,!n 8 e>ly-w>n+ s]vice w\ld f]ret out patt]ns = 8 b5efactor & o!r bus9essm5 try+ to keep up ) ! vag>ies ( gov]nm5t4 ,/ew>t's plan may come to pass1 b la/ ,i knew1 he 0 fight+ (f unf\nd$ rumors ( bankruptcy4 8,we've wa/$ upw>ds ( #dj1jjj on comput] consultants & ! consequ5ces ( _! #8advice1'0 ,/ew>t told me 9 ! mode/ :ite-frame home :]e he & 8 wife liv$ & work$ & took 9 bo>d]s4 8,& t doesn't include ! ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 bus9ess we lo/ because our comput] 0 d[n at ! wrong times4 8,i _h to lay (f five p l>gely because ( ! consultants' lack ( int]e/ 9 any?+ b turn+ a buck (f u40 ,/ew>t's /ory illu/rates ! ne$ = ! ,:o-,h[ ,solution 9 hir+ consultants4 ,:o-,h[ may also help micro us]s tra9 employees & get ! mo/ out ( _! data-process+ dep>tm5ts4 ,:o-,h[ is no?+ m ?an ! five ,ws & ! ,h ( newspap]dom4 ,l a report]1 y simply ask1 8,:o80 8,:at80 8,:y80 8,:580 8,:]e80 & 8,h[80 & especially 8,h[ mu*80 ,ask ^? que/ions (t54 ,ask !m :53 #a4 ,decid+ :e!r to hire a comput] consultant4 ,h[ mu* 9 y\r "t & y\r p's w x co/ n to h "o8 #b4 ,hir+ & us+ a consultant4 ,x isn't j a matt] ( ask+1 8,:o80 ,ask1 too1 8,:o c>es80 ,:o c>es ab\t a consultant's two decades ) ,,ibm8 ,:at c\nts is h[ mu* he c d = y4 ,is ! ,,ibm exp]i5ce relevant8 #c4 ,tra9+ employees4 ,don't clutt] y\r p's m9ds ) comput]ese n relat$ to _! jobs4 ,use ! five ,ws & ! ,h to /rip ! tra9+ to ! basics--:i*1 by ! way1 almo/ surely won't include ,,basic4 #d4 ,work+ ) y\r company's data-process+ p4 ,"k :i* que/ions to ask to f9d out ! comput] crew's true attitudes ab\t micros4 ,& come up ) ! "r answ]s ( y\r own if ! ma9fram]s feel ?reat5$ by y\r int]e/ 9 d-x-y\rself comput+4 ,good data-process+ p1 h[ev]1 won't be fright5$--q ! rev]se4 ,! sc>y aspect ( ,frank ,/ew>t's consultant fiascoes is t he & 8 p 7 h>dly lo/ amid high te*4 8,"s ( u 7 inv5tors10 ,/ew>t said1 & 8 vice-presid5t1 ,bob ,hill>d1 ev5 _h a smatt]+ ( ! ,,=tran programm+ language4 ,/ew>t's firm didn't ru% bl9dly into comput]ization4 ,orig9ally1 x _h be5 h& cull+ articles f #adj p]iodicals & #af major daily newspap]s4 8,we sat d[n10 ,hill>d recall$1 8& work$ out a ma!matical =mula to give weight to a p>ticul> article by m5tion ( c]ta9 words1 c]ta9 individuals1 c]ta9 companies40 ,exi/+ data bases l ,! ,s\rce & ,dialog j w\ldn't d4 ,y c\ldn't easily use !m to se>* out ! political patt]ns affect+ ! =tunes ( ,/ew>t's cli5ts4 ,/ew>t sp5t #ca1jjj on a comput] & soon 0 suff]+ defective circuits & junky s(tw>e4 ,he paid a secret>y to cram almo/ a million words ( newspap] articles into ! ma*9e's h>d-disk memory1 b x /ill c\ldn't fet* facts z easily z he'd hop$4 ,!n ! data-base program1 ! "o he 0 us+ to /ore facts & juggle !m ar\nd1 cra%$--app>5tly ov]:elm$ by ! volume ( data4 ,micro data bases at ! "t1 ! e>ly #aihjs1 c\ldn't easily h&le big hunks ( text4 ,/ew>t c\ldn't retrieve :ole articles4 ,x 0 "t = a consultant4 ,a good consultant 7! 8,:o07 !oretically c\ld write or in/all a new program 7! 8,:at07 9 an effective way 7! 8,h[071 ju/ify 8 actions 7! 8,:y071 & ideally d ev]y?+ at a reasonable price 7! 8,h[ mu*07 be=e ! data base grew too unwieldy 7! 8,:5074 ,/ew>t want$ him work+ on 8 own premises 7! 8,:]e07 z mu* z possible s he c\ld sup]vise him4 8,our fir/ consultant la/$ all ( f\r days10 ,/ew>t said4 8,he 0 abrasive1 na/y1 & didn't "k :at he 0 do+4 ,"o ( our /aff]s 0 s fru/rat$ try+ to "w ) him t %e wept4 ,we'd hir$ him because he 0 a fri5d ( a fri5d & said1 #8,i'm a comput] programm]4 ,i c fix x = y4' ,we nev] q c\ld p9 him d[n ab\t 8 backgr\nd4 ,we 7 s burn$ t = five or six mon?s we put (f hir+ ano!r consultant4 8,& :5 we did get "o10 said ,/ew>t1 8we want$ a solid1 e/abli%$ firm40 ,s he w5t to a gov]nm5t contractor headqu>t]$ 9 an impos+ build+1 ! size ( a small public libr>y4 ,! consultants ev5 own$ ! same-model comput] t ,/ew>t's company did4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 !y 7 us+ diff]5t s(tw>e = mu* diff]5t purposes4 ,/ew>t's ne$s 7 new to !m4 8,look at ,,mdbs10 ,hill>d recalls tell+ ! contractor4 8,x really looks l a good package40 ,b he says ! consultants told him !y hadn't ev5 he>d ( x4 ,t 9 itself might h be5 a tip(f t ,/ew>t _h hir$ ! wrong p = ! job4 ,,mdbs /ood = ,micro ,data ,base ,sy/ems4 ,ads & reviews ab\t x _h appe>$ 9 ,byte & o!r prom95t publications ( ! micro _w4 ,) ! clock tick+ away at up to #ce an h\r1 ! consultants se>*$ = data-base s(tw>e meet+ ,/ew>t's detail$ specifications4 8,?ree weeks lat]10 ,hill>d said1 8!y h&$ me a bill = #b1ejj & said1 #8,! package y ne$ to use is ,,mdbs4' ,i said1 #8,:]e is ! "w1 :]e are ! h\rs 9 relation%ip to ! #b1ejj bill8' ,x w5t ar\nd 9 circles40 ,/ew>t & ,hill>d mu/ h rememb]$ ! old say+ t a consultant borr[s y\r wat* to tell y ! "t ( day & !n *>ges y = x4 ,accord+ to ,/ew>t1 9 fact1 ! consultants bas$ mo/ ( ! report on mat]ial 8 company _h giv5 !m4 ,by ?9k-tank /&>ds 9 8 area1 ,/ew>t may h gott5 a b>ga94 ,deal+ ) consultants new to micro data bases1 h[ev]1 he 0 9 effect pay+ _! tuition4 8,! f$]al gov]nm5t mu/ l !m imm5sely10 ,/ew>t said1 8because !y d good1 docum5t$ "w 9 ! fields !y h exp]tise 94 ,b a small bus9essman _h no bus9ess us+ !m4 ,aft] two & "o-half mon?s we _h no?+ b recomm5dations on ! data base--& a /ack ( bills0--#b1ejj high4 ,b !re 0 hope4 ,/ew>t's corporate b5efactors 7 /ick+ ) him4 ,if he c\ld get 8 data base runn+1 he c\ld easily rec\p 8 losses1 (f]+ cli5ts a treasure trove ( in=mation ab\t gov]nm5t policy-mak+ affect+ !m4 ,al?\gh ,/ew>t ?\ght ( himself z a tru? seek]1 8 vice-presid5t 0 bluntly a money man4 8,we w\ld h sold our s]vice = a million a ye>10 ,hill>d said1 8& we w\ld h nett$ #fjj1jjj4 ,we 7 us+ f\r p to fe$ ! articles into ! comput]1 b t w\ld h *ang$1 because optical read]s ev5tually c\ld scan magaz9e articles & newspr9t40 ,s n[ ,hill>d %opp$ ar\nd = a new savior to unravel ! complexities ( ! ,,mdbs s(tw>e t he _h settl$ on4 ,he f\nd ?ree possibilities4 ,"o consultant1 a micro exp]t1 0 sn[$ "u ) "w1 & ano!r man _h only ma9frame exp]i5ce4 ,s ,hill>d & ,/ew>t *ose ,fr$ ,br[n1 a retir$ milit>y (fic] :o _h work$ n only on big comput]s b also little ,radio ,%acks & ,tele,videos4 ,9 fact1 ,br[n came recomm5d$ by ! manag] ( a local comput] /ore4 ,! manag] level$ ) ,/ew>t4 ,he said he & ,br[n 7 toge!r 9 a p>tn]%ip develop+ s(tw>e = lawy]s' (fices4 ,hill>d ask$ only two p ab\t ,br[n4 ,& bo? ref]5ces came f ! comput]-/ore manag] ) ! bus9ess relation%ip ) ! consultant4 ,inquir+ ab\t ,br[n1 h[ev]1 ,hill>d ask$ "s good que/ions4 ,did ,br[n docum5t ! s(tw>e prop]ly8 ,did he1 9 o!r words1 tell h[ to use or *ange x8 ,did 8 s(tw>e "w8 ,did he meet deadl9es8 ,did he live up to all ! specifications 9 8 contracts8 8,i got affirmative answ]s to mo/ ( ^! que/ions10 ,hill>d said4 ,"o ref]5ce said a s(tw>e project ( ,br[n's hadn't come 9 on "t b bru%$ (f ! problem z a h>dw>e "o4 ,un=tunately1 ,hill>d didn't ask all ! "r que/ions4 ,br[n _h nev] be=e work$ ) ! br& ( comput] t ,/ew>t ,rese>* 0 us+2 nor 0 he fully com=table at ! "t ) ! exact k9d ( s(tw>e us$ at ! company4 ,br[n1 h[ev]1 /ruck ,hill>d z 8a v nice pr(essional40 ,he wore ?ree-piece suits1 liv$ 9 a #adj1jjj home ) sev]al comput]s 9 ! basem5t1 & held a ma/]s degree f an ,ivy ,league s*ool4 8,no problem10 ,br[n told ,hill>d4 8,li/51 ,i *>ge----0 ,he gave an h\rly figure to ! ne>e/ c5t2 #cj4jb1 we'll say4 8,:at80 ask$ ,hill>d4 8,:y #j4jb an h\r80 8,i l to be fair ab\t my sal>y1 & t gives me #cj1jjj a ye>40 8,okay10 said ,hill>d1 8t's cute40 ,br[n wasn't ab\t to apply = welf>e4 ,on top ( ! #cj1jjj = consult+ "p ( ! "t1 he 0 enjoy+ income f sales ( comput] h>dw>e4 ,9 %ort1 he came across z successful & hone/4 ,& he may h be54 ,j ! same1 cli5t & consultant 7 cle>ly mismat*$4 ,_! d[nfall 0 a famili> k9d--s(tw>e problems4 ,y c\ld cu/omize ! ,,mdbs program 9 ,,=tran or ,,basic4 ,! e>li] consultants1 ! ones ) ! l>ge gov]nm5t contractor1 _h sugge/$ ,,=tran4 ,br[n himself 0 m famili> ) t ?an ) ,,basic4 ,& ,/ew>t 0 conv9c$ t ,,=tran w\ld make ! be/ use ( s(tw>e already pur*as$4 ,s ,br[n w5t ahead ) x despite ?ree /rikes aga9/ him3 #a4 ,! comput] company's ,,=tran1 accord+ to ,/ew>t1 0 z badly bot*$ z its h>dw>e4 #b4 ,,=tran wasn't z good z ,,basic = micro data bases t /a%$ away ,engli% prose r ?an ma9ly numb]s4 ,ano!r consultant 0 amaz$ :5 ,i told him t ,br[n _h us$ ,,=tran 9 a data base /or+ newspap] /ories4 8,y c use x if y l10 he said1 8b y'll lose some?+4 ,x's l try+ to translate ,hem+way into pidg9 ,engli%40 #c4 ,br[n 0 /ill basically a ma9fram]4 ,& micro ,,=tran 0 diff]5t f ! k9d us$ at l>ge milit>y in/allations4 ,writ+ s(tw>e = micros is l writ+ %ort /ories in/ead ( novels4 ,y've got to be m elegant & get to ! po9t fa/]4 ,a micro's memory simply lacks ! capacity ( a ma9frame & brooks less slopp9ess ?an w\ld a l>g] ma*9e4 ,_m great noveli/s c\ld nev] write dec5t %ort /ories1 & _m fir/-class ma9fram]s j c\ldn't code clev]ly or devi\sly en\gh = micros--c\ldn't electronically trick !m into ?9k+ !y 7 l>g] ma*9es4 8,:at happ5$10 said ,hill>d1 8is t we 7 pay+ = ,br[n's tra9+ on h[ to use ,,=tran on a micro4 ,he sp5t =ty or fifty h\rs develop+ specifications = ! data base & writ+ ! code4 ,?is w5t on & on4 ,br[n kept runn+ into all ^! problems1 & he c\ld h cle>$ up "s ) j a quick call to ! manufactur]40 ,mean:ile1 ! money clock 0 tick+4 ,sev]al mon?s lat]1 ?\s&s ( doll>s ri*] f ^? #cj4jb-;h\rs1 ,br[n ?rew up 8 h&s4 8,?is isn't go+ to "w 9 ,,=tran at all10 he said4 8,maybe we %\ld d ?is 9 ,,basic40 8,s10 ,hill>d told me1 8all ! "w he'd done up to t po9t 0 out ! w9d[40 8,& on top ( t10 ,/ew>t said1 8we 7 anticipat+ our new s(tw>e package & didn't c>e to fe$ ! in=mation twice into ! comput]4 ,s we built up a backlog ( well ov] #aj1jjj articles wait+ = ! s(tw>e t nev] came40 ,br[n's clock tick$ away = sev]al ?\s& doll>s m 9 "t1 br++ ! total bill+ to #h1fcj4ha4 ,!n x /opp$4 ,/ew>t ,rese>* _h simply run out ( money4 ,/ew>t's corporate sponsor c\ld s5d no m4 8,_! pockets10 he said1 8j w]5't deep en\gh to subsidize bo? our own comput] lit]acy & t ( our consultants40 ,:5 ,i talk$ to ,/ew>t 9 mid-#aihc1 8 comput] 0 do+ ^w process+ & o!r m9or *ores4 8,b10 he said1 8x does h>dly en\gh cross-ref]5c+ to be a major data bank40 ,8 rese>* firm fac$ "s #cj1jjj 9 debts1 includ+ mu* ( ! #b1ejj bill f ! consultants ) ! libr>y-siz$ build+2 & he & 8 wife 7 ! only two employees left 9 ,/ew>t ,r ,d4 ,he /ill hop$ to get ! data base go+1 h[ev]4 8,we're go+ to become comput] consultants 9 self-def5se10 said ,/ew>t4 8,i've done no?+ b "w on ?is comput] = a ye>40 ,x w\ld be nice to be able to d ! same1 b mo/ ( u lack ! "t or tal5t2 ! *all5ge is to f9d ! "r comput] consultant s y won't end up feel+ y mu/ d ! "w on y\r own4 ,n s co9cid5tally1 ,hill>d himself actually did g on to become a comput] consultant "p "t4 ,he wasn't ! sm>te/ or ! be/ cr$5tial$1 b he _h :at _m ( ! m e/abli%$ consultants lack$--empa?y & humility4 ,don't %rug (f ^? traits4 ,! real "q1 z "o consultant po9t$ out to me1 isn't j :e!r someone is compet5t2 x's :e!r he's compet5t en\gh at ! job he's do+ = y4 ,nev] =get t :5 pond]+ ! 8,:o80 & 8,:at80 ,/ew>t & ,hill>d obvi\sly ar5't ! only p :o didn't ask ! "r que/ions 9 "t4 ,a sail mak] wa/$ #ah1jjj on a comput] sy/em recomm5d$ by a consultant4 ,! ma*9e didn't "w "r ) ! h>d-disk memory1 & x lack$ prop] %ield+ aga9/ ! #fj-;cycle hum giv5 (f by p[] l9es4 ,by ! "t ,hill>d 0 on ! sc5e1 ! consultant _h left t[n4 ,he says ! comput] 0 su* a disa/] t 8,i sugge/$ to ! cli5t t he get a l5g? ( rope & use x z an an*or because x 0 unfixable40 ,9 ano!r case1 a truck-r5tal firm sp5t #cj1jjj = #ae1jjj ( comput] equipm5t4 ,& !n ! consultant didn't ev5 supply in/ructions to op]ate & modify ! s(tw>e4 8,z f> z ,i "k10 said a m e?ical exp]t1 8he's /ill a consultant4 ,comput]s are my/ical1 & mo/ p don't "k :5 !y've got a good sy/em or :5 !y've got a bad "o40 8,! real problem10 ,hill>d correctly said ( consultants1 8is t ! microcomput] field has only be5 ar\nd s9ce ! mid-sev5ties & ?+s are mov+ s rapidly4 ,x's h>d = anyone to keep up1 consultant or layman40 ,!re is1 too1 a na/y economic fact4 ,a micro consultant c't rea* full prosp]ity1 9 _m in/ances1 )\t hav+ ties ) /ores or manufactur]s4 ,inde$1 mo/ micro consult+ n[adays is done 9 effect by sales reps recomm5d+ sy/ems to _! cu/om]s4 ,h[ objective c !y be8 ,ev5 consci5ti\s consultants--indep5d5t or ^? ) ties--may /ill favor ! comput]s & s(tw>e ) :i* !y're mo/ famili>4 ,! man & ! ma*9e 9 effect become "o package4 ,ano!r anticonsultant argum5t is t small comput]s may soon be inexp5sive & simple en\gh to make consultants mu* less necess>y4 ,y don't use a consultant to buy a #a1jjj typewrit]4 ,& by ! "t y read ?is1 or a few ye>s aft]w>d1 we'll h good1 complete ^w processors sell+ = no m--) pr9t]s4 ,yet ano!r anticonsultant argum5t is t y may h comput]-wise fri5ds 9 y\r own bus9ess or pr(ession1 sm>t p y tru/4 ,!y may actually anticipate "s ( y\r ne$s bett] ?an w\ld a consultant4 ,moreov]1 x's be5 said t if y "k en\gh to pick ! "r consultant1 !n y really don't ne$ "o4 ,i'm n sure4 ,z "o consultant po9t$ out1 x's l *oos+ doctors4 ,y c be good at *oos+ "o )\t necess>ily kn[+ bra9 surg]y4 ,i 0 a bord]l9e case4 ,i /ill might h b\ght a ,kaypro )\t ,mi*ael ,canyes's approval1 s9ce ,i knew ano!r writ] famili> ) ! glories ( ! ,osborne :o appreciat$ ! great] glories ( ! ,kaypro4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ) my consultant fri5d's guidance1 ,i c\ld %op = ! l[e/ price r ?an ! mo/ te*nical help f ! deal]4 ,& ,mi*ael /e]$ me away f ! dot-matrix pr9t]1 :i*1 ) _! inf]ior pr9t quality at ! "t1 w\ld h be5 bad news = me4 ,i 0 lucky4 ,i _h befri5d$ ,mi*ael ?r\gh an ,osborne us] gr\p at a "t :5 he himself 0 look+ = advice on writ+1 s he didn't ev5 *>ge me4 ,y may be simil>ly lucky if y h a skill a comput] consultant ne$s4 ,b don't c\nt on x4 ,s (t51 free consultants are wor? _! *>ges4 ,_h ,i n be5 z =tunate & _h ,i exp]i5c$ difficulties1 ,i w\ld h be5 will+ to pay = advice4 ,& m9d y1 my :ole sy/em co/s less ?an #c1jjj4 8,y don't want to sp5d #aj1jjj on a comput] sy/em10 ,mi*ael w>ns1 8& f9d x doesn't d :at y want4 ,y'd be bett] (f sp5d+ sev]al hundr$ doll>s or m to le>n exactly :at y want & get "s help in/all+ x4 ,?9k ( ! bus9ess y'll lose if y in/all y\r comput] & x doesn't "w z plann$4 ,x dep5ds4 ,y c\ld also sp5d a lot ( "t %opp+ & talk+ to p & n pay a consultant4 ,x dep5ds :at y\r "t is wor?4 ,! av]age guy has "o or two uses = 8 comput] 9 m9d1 & he doesn't want to piddle ar\nd ) ! complexities ( ! ?+4 ,he j wants to cut "r d[n to ! core ( x & get ?is job mov+4 ,if a consultant sp5ds two or ?ree h\rs ) someone discuss+ a micro1 x may co/ p]haps #ge or #ajj4 ,b ! cli5t might ma/] 9 a day :at might normally take a week or ev5 sev]al40 ,! wrong consultant1 h[ev]1 may actually co/ y m--9 money & "t4 ,:5 %opp+ ar\nd = ! "r "o1 y'll fir/ want to consid] a :at--:at "w y ne$ him =4 ,=get ab\t comput]s4 ,does ! task make s5se comm]cially8 ,are y reali/ic ab\t its co/s8 ,a =m] ,new ,engl& consultant tells ( a baseball en?usia/ :o want$ to recreate "s bo>d games on ! comput] scre54 ,x might h work$4 ,b ! man didn't j want a comput]iz$ arcade game "h--r1 a replication ( ball p>ks1 ) _! actual proportions4 8,he _h a /ati/ical backgr\nd10 recall$ ! ex-consultant1 8& _h done "s /ati/ical consult+ = a pr(essional sports organization40 ,b !re 0 a problem4 ,! man believ$ t ! consultant c\ld p]=m ?is miracle on an ,apple = less ?an #e1jjj4 ,actually1 ! program w\ld h co/ #ej1jjj to write--probably m ?an ! man c\ld quickly rec\p ?r\gh sales ( ! program4 ,! consultant turn$ d[n ?is mission impossible4 ,b ! cli5t let 8 en?usiasm = ! project blot out 8 bus9ess s5se & 9 fact squ&]$ #ee1jjj on ano!r consultant1 :o1 incid5tally1 bot*$ ! job4 ,n[ move on to ! details ( ! "w y want done4 ,d z ) s(tw>e2 get z cle> an idea z y c ( ! pap]work y're comput]iz+4 ,y may want y\r electronic files organiz$ entirely diff]5tly f y\r pap] ones4 ,:atev] ! case1 plan ahead4 ,y don't want to--z somebody once put x--automate y\r confusion4 ,& !re's ano!r reason = kn[+ y\r precise ne$s be=e call+ a consultant4 ,try+ to jack up ! bill1 "s exp]ts c be brilliant at inv5t+ new problems to fit _! prepackag$ solutions4 ,or !y may d[nplay y\r real ne$s because ! answ]s are n 9 _! tool kits4 ,y'll also want to decide if ! consultant is j to give advice or m4 ,don't pay simply = advice1 !n expect him to haggle ) equipm5t suppli]s & in/all ! s(tw>e4 ,& :at ab\t o!r s]vices besides advice8 ,take ! task ( key+ pap] records into y\r comput] sy/em2 "s consult+ firms w l9e up tempor>ies = ! job4 ,t way y\r normal p mu/ worry only ab\t _! regul> "w & le>n+ ! new comput]iz$ r\t9e4 ,( c\rse1 ?is data-entry "w may itself be "p ( ! tra9+1 & at lea/ if y\r p ent] ! mat]ial1 !y'll m easily f9d x lat] on4 ,z y def9e ! :at1 y also get into a :5--y\r deadl9e = comput]ization & h[ long ! consultant or ! firm is to rema9 on ! job4 ,!re is a happy m$ium4 ,y want him ar\nd long en\gh1 full "t or "p "t1 to get ! sy/em up & runn+4 ,b don't c\nt on mak+ him 9 effect an employee4 ,hire p]man5t p if t's go+ to happ54 ,joseph ,au]1 a #a1ejj-;a-day comput]-negotiations exp]t ) blue-*ip cli5ts l ,new ,york ,life1 tells :at c happ5 :5 consultants /ay too long4 ,a bank us$ a consult+ firm = ye>s4 ,! outsid]s became ! ma9 p famili> ) ! electronic l9ks betwe5 ! automatic tell] ma*9es & ! big comput]4 ,!n ! bank woke up4 ,x realiz$ t ! outsid]s c\ld cripple its op]ation4 ,! consultants didn't blackmail ! bank1 b x 0 worri$ en\gh n to risk incurr+ _! displeasure4 ,r ?an f>m+ out ! "w to a facilities managem5t firm z plann$1 x ext5d$ ! exi/+ consultants' contract1 ) ! und]/&+ t ! outsid]s w\ld make ! bank's own p self-suffici5t4 ,next g on to ! :o "q4 ,a g5]ali/ :o's a good1 quick le>n] might be a bett] deal = y ?an an ov]pric$ guru :o limits himself to "o area4 ,x's l m$ic9e4 ,i'd mu* r be cut up by a sm>t g5]al surgeon ) a /eady h& ?an by a m$iocre canc] speciali/4 ,( c\rse1 = a complex job1 y want ! equival5t ( a top canc] surgeon4 ,at ,/ew>t1 anyway1 ! "r speciali/ might h 8programm$0 ! company to succe$4 ,int]tw9$ ) ! :o are two h[ mu*es--! size ( y\r company & ! task = :i* y ne$ ! consultant4 ,are y a small bus9essman or a ,=tune #ejj executive8 ,! consult+ ne$s ( ! two categories may ov]lap4 ,! g5]al rule1 h[ev]1 is t a l>ge company w feel m com=table ) a l>ge consult+ firm 7,,gm1 say1 ) ,ar?ur ,d4 ,little7 & a small company w be bett] (f ) a small "o4 ,a small bus9essman may enjoy m p]sonal att5tion f a small consultant4 ,he kn[s ! p he's deal+ )1 & x's h>d] = ! firm to pass ! "w on to a gre5 employee--:ile *>g+ ! full price4 ,! smallness ( ! firm1 ( c\rse1 makes x t mu* m important to *eck out ref]5ces4 ,( c\rse1 sometimes ! small guy may fit ! l>ge company's bill2 ,mi*ael ,canyes1 = in/ance1 has tutor$ ,word,star classes = ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission--a good buy = ! taxpay]s1 consid]+ 8 skill & l[ ov]head4 8,! small] consult+ firms10 he wisely says1 8are likely to save a l>ge bus9ess money :5 ! consultants are work+ )9 _! limitations40 ,canyes1 h[ev]1 at ! "t ,i wrote ?is *apt]1 wasn't ! consultant to in/all a #e million micro network4 ,he might be "o day1 b back !n he j didn't h ! res\rces to d ! job ju/ice4 ,a ,big ,eight acc\nt+ firm w\ld h be5 bett] ?an ,mi*ael2 9 fact1 an executive ) a l>ge company mightn't ne$ an outside consultant ( any k9d--l>ge or small4 ,8 or h] employ] may boa/ a l>ge microcomput] c5t] & a helpful data-process+ dep>tm5t4 ,b y nev] "k4 ,sometimes1 ,data ,process+ is ei!r ignorant ( micros or disc\rages _! use4 ,ask "s te/ que/ions4 ,has anyone 9 ,data ,process+ ev] in/all$ a micro = bus9ess purposes8 ,d _m 9 ! dep>tm5t h micros at home8 ,are !y read+ ! micro magaz9es & newspap]s--,info,world1 say1 r ?an j magaz9es ab\t ! big ma*9es8 ,if ,data ,process+ isn't com=table ) micros1 y'd d well turn+ to ! outside4 ,"o ( ! qualifications = ! outsid]1 ( c\rse1 might be 8 ability to "w h>moni\sly ) ,data ,process+ if y're hop+ to hook into ! ma9frame4 ,!n aga91 y\r micro might be a /&-alone1 n ex*ang+ in=mation ) o!r comput]s1 s t y ne$n't worry :at ,data ,process+ ?9ks4 ,ev5 if y're us+ a ,data-,process+ /aff] or o!r int]nal p]son1 y /ill may want to f9d out 8 track record4 ,don't be a corporate *auv9i/4 ,e company has its %>e ( gobbl]s4 ,turn+ to an outside consultant8 ,!n1 ?r\gh comput] /ores1 y might try to track d[n a local us]s gr\p = a br& ( h>dw>e or s(tw>e4 ,g to a meet+4 ,f9d out :om ! memb]s reg>d z an ace consultant4 ,9 fact1 try to g to sev]al us] gr\ps--rememb] ! pref]5ce t ,apple own]s1 say1 may h 9 favor ( an ,apple solution or t ,kaypro own]s may h 9 favor ( a ,kaypro "o4 ,m]e ^w ( m\?1 ?\gh1 is /ill no sub/itute = a ?or\gh int]view ) ! consultant & ref]5ce *ecks4 ,c]ta9ly1 too1 y c't use a consultant j because he or %e %[s up 9 ! directory ( a consultants gr\p4 ,*>les ,e4 ,h>ris1 a lawy] :o1 ) ,joseph ,au]1 wrote ,comput] ,contract ,negotiations1 says1 8,i "k ( no organizational memb]%ip t proves any?+ o!r ?an memb]%ip & ! fact t ! man's paid 8 dues40 8,! p]son to wat* out = 9 p>ticul> is ! guy :o's do+ ?is "p "t & he works on a ma9frame or some?+ l t10 w>ns ,m>k ,rob9son1 a ,cali=nia consultant4 ,he's be5 9 ! micro bus9ess = ye>s & h&les deal] relations = ,lexis(t1 a s(tw>e company--a micro "o1 m9d y4 8,anybody :o hasn't made ?is 8 bus9ess full "t = a significant p]iod ( "t10 he said ( micro consult+1 8is a great risk40 ,consultants c relax4 ,rob9son said eighte5 mon?s c\ld be 8significant40 ,i myself w\ldn't %rug (f ! "p tim]s f ,data-,process+ dep>tm5ts if !y h a long li/ ( pleas$ micro cli5ts4 ,b z a g5]ality ,rob9son's obs]vations seem valid4 ,n only is micro s(tw>e writt5 diff]5tly f ! ma9frame k9d2 !re's also a diff]5t m5tality4 ,cloi/]$ away 9 ! comput] rooms1 "s ma9fram]s may /rive = te*nical p]fection at ! exp5se ( economy4 8,!y may be "r ab\t ?+s10 ,rob9son says1 8b t's n ! po9t4 ,! po9t may be m l :at ,mr4 ,osborne prates ab\t all ! "t--m]e adequacy4 ,i'm ?9k+ ( po/+ an aphorism on ! wall f ,! ,s\l ( a ,new ,ma*9e3 n ev]y?+ wor? do+ is wor? do+ well40 ,! same wisdom might apply to consultants4 ,y don't ne$ a #a1ejj-;a-day man to help y *oose a good micro = ^w process+--n unless y're ab\t to buy a few hundr$4 ,op9ions v>y ab\t pay4 ,"s obs]v]s ( consultants say y get :at y pay =4 8,!re's v little relation%ip betwe5 pay & value except = "o ?+10 ,rob9son says4 8,p :o don't *>ge en\gh ev5tually g out ( bus9ess1 or t bus9ess4 ,if !y don't *>ge en\gh1 !y're n likely to h be5 ar\nd long en\gh to h gott5 exp]i5ce = y40 ,!n aga91 z ,rob9son po9ts out1 exp]i5ce 9 ! microcomput] bus9ess rapidly decays 9 value1 weak5+ ! relation%ip betwe5 pay & compet5ce4 ,back 9 ! late #aigjs ,b]n>d ,mc,gowan1 a ,massa*usetts oph?almologi/1 b\ght an ,apple & hir$ an exp]t at all ( #e an h\r4 ,8 consultant 0 a scruffy "y man 9 an old jacket4 ,& ?is guru _h himself own$ an ,apple only a day4 ,b x didn't matt]4 ,8 "n 0 ,mit* ,kapor1 & he 0 good1 app>5tly1 = he w5t on to f\nd ,lotus ,developm5t ,corporation1 ! company t develop$ ! be/-sell+ #a-b-c integrat$ program4 ,today ,mc,gowan is /ill us+ #e-;an-h\r m5 at times4 ,he told me1 9 fact1 t "o consultant1 a te5ag] dige/+ s(tw>e manuals = him1 d\bl$ z a baby-sitt]4 ,no1 ?is isn't an argum5t = m]ciless exploitation ( *ild labor la n9ete5?-c5tury ,engl&4 ,= a small bus9essman ) a simple task1 h[ev]1 & no press+ deadl9es1 a te5ag] might d well4 ,:y mu/ e sixte5-ye>-old be flipp+ hamburg]s ar\nd aft] s*ool at ,mc,donald's8 ,b te5age comput] g5iuses are special cases4 ,don't c\nt on a #e-;an-h\r consultant to write up a complex acc\nt+ program t y ne$ done )9 ?ree mon?s to avoid bankruptcy4 ,moreov]1 if y're a bus9ess ( any size1 y might end up sp5d+ hundr$s or ev5 ?\s&s ( doll>s j to audition consultants4 ,t's "r2 y may pay !m4 ,canyes w talk to p by phone if he ?9ks !y're good prospects1 b ! mom5t he gets 9 ! c>1 ! met] />ts runn+4 ,t's basically 9 l9e ) :at ,adam ,gre51 a s(tw>e tra9+ exp]t1 told me4 ,gre5 has conduct$ sem9>s = big-"n cli5ts l ,price ,wat]h\se & ,x]ox1 & e>li] he work$ z a programm] & salesman1 s he's be5 ar\nd4 8,a good consultant 9 my view w\ld come out 9 _m cases & sp5d a day or two look+ at ! op]ation & !n give back a writt5 proposal say+ h[ !y c\ld help ! cli5t10 ,gre5 said4 8,& !n !y %\ld *>ge ! cli5t ab\t #bej = t40 8,if someone comes out & sp5ds a day or two ) y & writes some?+ up = free1 obvi\sly !y don't h any?+ bett] to d4 ,!y're n work+4 ,!y're amateurs4 ,!y don't consid] _! "t wor? any?+40 ,pay+ a consultant to write a proposal1 y'll le>n 7#a7 if he c communicate 9 compreh5sible ,engli%1 7#b7 if he c ?9k logically1 & 7#c7 if he und]/&s y\r bus9ess & its ne$s4 ,b maybe t's a /ep or s ahead ( :]e y n[ are 9 ! game4 ,hav+ f\nd a promis+ c&idate1 make c]ta9 y feel com=table ) him or h]4 ,tru/ y\r in/9cts4 ,bew>e ( snake-oil arti/s :o1 ?r\gh gre$ or incompet5ce1 may actually increase y\r "t & exp5se4 ,p l ,bob ,hill>d & ,mi*ael ,canyes come across z tea*]like 9 _! eag]ness to pass on _! wisdom to ! appreciative4 ,b n all consultants1 9 & out ( comput]s1 seem t way4 ,a few might n ev5 give y a writt5 report ( _! f9d+s4 ,_m intimidate y ?r\gh j>gon1 ev5 ?r\gh dress4 ,q correctly1 "s "y bus9ess s*ool hot%ots h be5 depict$ z punks 9 p9-/rip$ suits4 8,y h to "k :at y\r cli5t we>s & dress "o level above him10 said an ex-,ba9 & ,company man4 8,if he we>s a sport coat1 y we> a suit4 ,if y're meet+ him 9 a midwe/]n cornfield & he's we>+ a ,t-%irt1 y we> a button-d[n4 ,y might actually drive to 8 (fice 9 beige pants1 a jacket1 & a tie4 ,b y c look 9 ?r\gh ! w9d[ :5 y get out ( y\r c> & !n take (f z mu* z y h to40#ca ,! consultant wasn't 9 ! comput] trade1 b he might z well h be54 ,"o indu/ry magaz9e began a 8,s ,y ,want to be a ,consultant0 article ) a w>n+ aga9/ polye/]4 ,footnote #ca3 ,! ex-,ba9 man's quote is f ,h>p]'s1 ,novemb] #aihb4 8,well10 ,i ask$ ,m>k ,rob9son1 8:at ab\t dress8 ,c y tru/ a consultant 9 a ?ree-piece suit m ?an "o :o looks l a refugee f a univ]sity comput] c5t]80 8,x's really irrelevant10 he said1 8,i'd look m at ?+s l ,c ! guy focus on ! relevant features ( my bus9ess8 ,does he seem to und]/& :at my bus9ess is ab\t8 ,?is is "o ( ! ?+s t probably isn't ev5 relat$ to ! numb] ( ye>s 9 micros or comput]s or :at n40 ,rob9son sugge/s ask+ y\rself1 8,does he quickly grasp ! nature ( my relation%ips ) my suppli]s1 my cli5ts1 my promotion me?ods8 ,is he focus+ on ! te*nical solutions r ?an my ne$s fir/8 ,does he ev5 consid] a "q l :e!r ,i ne$ a comput] at all8 ,does he try to look at ! highe/-priority ne$s t ,i h 9 t]ms ( ! effect on my bottom l9e8 ,does he really h a grasp on :y ,i might h a comput]--to move into new ?+s & s]ve my cu/om]s bett]1 to replace exi/+ functions1 & s on8 ,does he "k g5]al ?+s l t8 ,if he doesn't h t sort ( p]spective1 if he isn't ev5 able to back (f z to :e!r ,i %\ld h a comput]1 ,i may be gett+ a slightly diff]5t type ( salesman1 someone :o is committ$ to a comput] solution1 = in/ance1 & isn't really look+ at x f my viewpo9t4 ,he is n totally pr(essional40 ,y might /ill use su* a p]son1 b y'd bett] consid] 8 limitations & biases4 ,i ask$ ab\t 8pure0 consultants v]sus ^? sell+ s(tw>e or h>dw>e4 8,mo/ consultants10 said ,rob9son1 8h f\nd t small bus9essm5's budgets = pure consult+ & _! appreciation ( x ar5't high en\gh s !y make en\gh money4 ,s !y've got to sell s(tw>e & h>dw>e4 ,& also purity means t a consultant is spread too ?94 ,he's n able to specialize & "k en\gh ab\t a p>ticul> package to be compet5t 9 x4 ,s ei!r he has a sup]ficial view ( ^! packages1 or else he's a p>tisan40 ,:ile work+ z a full-"t consultant1 ,rob9son hop$ to ma9ta9 8 purity4 8,i f\nd myself deal+ ) a lot ( invoices ( fairly small am\nts10 he said1 8& mo/ ( my support came f contract programm+40 ,:at ) ! l9e s ?9 betwe5 salesman & consultant1 y %\ld politely b p]si/5tly ask ab\t bus9ess connections t c\ld sway _! judgm5t4 ,obvi\sly1 too1 y'll want a consultant's rsum if he or %e has "o4 ,he %\ld4 ,"o way or ano!r y're aft] ! normal p]sonnel-(fice answ]s--8 s*ool+ 7any?+ t c\ld help him und]/& y\r bus9ess871 8 previ\s jobs 7"o comput] consultant ran a nightclub once--p]haps n su* a bad backgr\nd = an exp]t deal+ ) small bus9esses71 maybe ev5 if he has an arre/ record 7a p]fectly suitable "q if he's sett+ up an acc\nt+ sy/em or do+ security consult+74 ,be polite b aggressive4 ,by n %y+ away f ! basics1 y'll be rem9d+ him :o's 9 *>ge--! cli5t4 ,don't =get ! :y4 ,:y is he 9 8consult+08 ,x isn't a euphemism = unemploym5t1 presumably4 ,also1 :y is he work+ ) micros r ?an ma9frames8 ,attitude matt]s z mu* z bra9s & skill4 ,ideally1 y\r consultant w be com=table ) ! flora & fauna outside ! antiseptic comput] rooms4 ,:ile he's audition+1 see if t's true ( him4 ,h[ d y tell8 ,introduce him to y\r p1 n j y\r executives4 ,enc\rage !m to ask que/ions4 ,if ! consultant condesc5ds t[>d a secret>y or cl]k n[1 he may v well d s t[>d y lat]4 ,& if he rubs y\r p ! wrong way1 !y may res5t him 9 ! future & take x out on ! comput]ization project4 ,well1 !re's a caveat "h4 ,maybe ! specs = ! job are s cle>-cut t y\r consultant c "w 9 a little corn] away f ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,) p]sonal comput+1 t's n go+ to happ5 z mu* z ) ma9frames4 ,9 w9d+ up ! int]view1 ask ab\t ! future4 ,w ! consultant be ar\nd 9 ! future to d "w or answ] que/ions8 ,he won't be8 ,y /ill might use him4 ,b police him v c>efully to make c]ta9 he's foll[+ /&>diz$ proc$ures t ano!r consultant c pick up on4 ,y don't want y\r bus9ess to g d[n ! tubes :5 y\r s(tw>e man goes (f to f9d 8 k>ma atop ,mt4 ,fuji4 ,satisfi$8 ,!n move on to ref]5ces--:i*1 if y're a small1 budget-m9d$ bus9ess1 y might want *eck$ be=e a full-fl$g$ audition4 ,rememb] ,/ew>t's ordeal4 ,ask = ! names ( p :om ! consultant s]v$ 9 tasks simil> to ! propos$ "o4 ,reque/ t5 names4 ,! consultant ne$n't h done--9 ea* case--jobs l ! propos$ "o4 ,moreov]1 y (t5 don't h to call m ?an five or six ref]5ces4 ,b ) t5 names1 at lea/ y'll "k y're f> f ! fir/ cli5t4 ,don't1 incid5tally1 phone j ! ref]5ces at ! top ( ! li/2 outfox ! consultant 9 y\r mo/ con/ructive way4 ,y'll want ! ref]5ces to tell y ! usual--:at ! consultant a*iev$ )9 ! "t agre$4 ,w\ld !y use him or h] aga98 ,:at k9d ( h>dw>e1 :at s(tw>e1 did ! consultant recomm5d8 ,! same k9d = cli5ts ) diff]5t ne$s8 ,be on gu>d if he seems to h a "o-%oe-fits-all philosophy4 ,also1 ask ab\t ! ref]5ces !mselves4 ,see if !y h any connections ) ! consultant1 social or bus9ess4 ,h[ _m consultants %\ld y try out be=e sign+ ! contract8 ,t's up to y\r ne$s & y\r budget4 ,!re's no law say+ y h to g ?r\gh all ! scre5+ /eps "h 9 e case4 ,:y pay #bej to a consultant to audition :5 t v likely w be ! co/ ( ! :ole job 7assum+ y're lucky en\gh to f9d "o will+ to take on a project ) su* a l[ budget78 ,= all tasks1 ?\gh1 ev5 small ones1 y'd d well to bo!r ) at lea/ "o =mality--a contract ) y\r micro consultant4 ,a ,sample ,consultant's ,contract 7,featur+ ,"s ,pla9 ,engli% ,f a ,wa%+ton ,lawy]7 ,no1 y're n go+ to pay a lawy] #ej to draw up a contract = a consultant do+ a #fj modification ( ,word,star4 ,b y c help protect y\rself ) y\r own v]sion ( ! sample contract bel[4 ,x's no?+ m ?an a lett] 9 simple ,engli%4 ,william ,wew]1 h[ev]1 ! ,wa%+ton lawy] :o draft$ x1 says x probably w\ld be j z b9d+ legally z a docum5t fill$ ) 8:]eases40 ,de> ----3 ,?is w confirm our agreem5t t y w p]=m ! foll[+ s(tw>e8 s]vices3 ,precisely li/ ! s]vices 9 numb]$ p>agraphs4 ,y h repres5t$ to me t y c complete ?is project by date4 ,y w *>ge me ---- p] h\r = y\r consult+ "t4 ,d n exce$ ---- )\t my writt5 cons5t4 ,y agree t y are p]=m+ ^! s]vices z an indep5d5t consultant & are n my employee4 ,if y are will+ to "w "u ! t]ms ( ?is lett] agreem5t1 please sign ! enclos$ copy & return x by date4 ,"u y\r signature1 use ?is language3 ,i agree to & accept ! t]ms ( ?is agreem5t to quick description ( s]vice provid$4 ------- consultant's "n1 ------- date ( sign+ ,rememb]1 ?is sample is j a />t]4 ,see ,backup ,,viii1 8,consultant ,contracts3 ,"s ,:o-,h[ ,que/ions01 = a li/ ( "s ( ! po9ts a contract might address4 ,"o ( ! m important ones is own]%ip & control ( s(tw>e4 ,if y want to own ! newly develop$ programs & keep !m away f y\r competitors1 "h's :at ,wew] might ins]t aft] ! p>agraph say+ ! consultant isn't y\r employee3 ,i am pay+ y to d ?is "w = me alone & require t y n reta9 any copies ( x or give any copies to anyone else or tell anyone else h[ to recreate :at y h done = me4 ,we agree t ! s(tw>e y create = me w be my trade secret4 8#8,trade secret' is a key phrase to get 9 !re10 ,wew] says4 8,!n x's )9 common law40 ,aga91 y\r in=mal contract won't give y iron-clad protection--t c\ld dep5d on ! mood ( a judge--b x's bett] ?an no?+4 8,x's ! h&%ake deals10 ,wew] says1 8t always fall ap>t40 8,! real problem10 ,adam ,gre5 says1 8is t no "o ev] has to sign a contract4 ,p get conc]n$4 ,!y say1 #8,boy1 lawy]s co/ a lot1' & ,i "k ! feel+40 ,!n ,gre5 br+s up an exception to t op9ion1 lawy]s4 8,i "k a lot ( consultants :o w nev] "w = lawy]s because z f> z lawy]s are conc]n$ ! job is nev] complete4 ,!y und]/& :at x means to be complete40 ,_! contracts reflect ?is2 y\rs %\ld1 too4 ,h ! consultant d ! fir/ draft ( ! contract1 p]haps2 b don't %y away f ext5sive *anges if ne$ be4 8,hell10 tell him1 8t's :at y\r ^w processor's =40 ,back out ( ! deal if he isn't reasonable n[4 ,he might n be lat] on4 ,:5 hamm]+ out a consult+ contract1 y %\ld fret ov] ?ree v>iables emphasiz$ by ,joe ,au]3 #a4 8,h[ long is x go+ to take8 #b4 8,h[ mu* money does x co/8 #c4 8,:at's ! quality ( ! "w8 8,if y tie d[n ! money & ! quality & n ! "t10 he w>ns1 8y give !m a lic5se to loaf4 ,if y tie d[n ! quality & "t & n ! money1 y give !m a lic5se to /eal4 ,if y tie d[n ! money & "t b n ! quality1 y give !m a lic5se to *eat40 ,tra9+3 ,h[ to ,enjoy ! ,mahony ,advantage ,:o-,h[ c\nts j z mu* 9 tra9+ y\r p z 9 ! selection ( consultants3 #a4 ,:o's tea*+8 ,c he or %e communicate well ) ! /ud5ts1 & h[ adaptable to comput]s are ! p gett+ ! in/ruction8 #b4 ,:at task is be+ taught8 ,a v tea*able "o8 #c4 ,:y is ! mat]ial taught8 ,to make y\r p comput] lit]ate 9 a broad way8 ,j to help !m d _! pres5t jobs bett]8 #d4 ,:5 d ! /ud5ts le>n8 ,on _! "t or y\rs8 ,w y rew>d !m 9 any way = _! extra ef=t8 #e4 ,:]e is ! le>n+ happ5+8 ,ideally1 y\r /ud5ts c take ! ma*9es home if !y want--"o advantage ( transportables l ! ,,ibm portable & its "w-alikes4 #f4 ,h[ d ! /ud5ts le>n8 ,?r\gh in/ruction manuals1 ma9ly1 or ?r\gh e>ly exp]i5ce at ! keybo>d8 ,d !y suff] ?r\gh irrelevant ex]cises1 or d !y />t "r away on assignm5ts simil> to _! jobs8 ,9 fact1 d !y />t imm$iately on _! normal "w1 z "s tra9+ exp]ts recomm5d8 ,d ! /ud5ts "w ) tea*+ disks8 ,& are ! disks int]active1 z ,adam ,gre51 ! tra9+ exp]t1 correctly recomm5ds8 ,d ! disks1 9 o!r words1 require y to type 9 a ?\ghtful response8 8,h[ mu*80 also figures "h4 ,consid] ! co/ ( a good tra9+ program v]sus y\r losses f misus$ or und]us$ p4 ,9 ! future y may want an (fice fill$ ) p conv]sant ) ,word,star or d,b,a,s,e1 b don't %rug (f valu$ employees :o c't ev5 play an ,at>i game4 ,tutor !m if ne$ be4 ,b5d4 ,y ne$n't be s5tim5tal1 j practical4 ,don't wa/e ! ,mahony ,advantage1 z ,i'll call x2 don't ?r[ away a mixture ( backgr\nd & exp]i5ce t silicon won't ev] fully replicate4 ,un=tunately1 ,jim ,mahony's employ] didn't take full advantage ( ! ,mahony ,advantage4 ,mahony1 a :ite-hair$ man ) a ruddy face l ,tip ,o',neill's1 0 a popul> local columni/ at my old pap]1 ! ,j\rnal1 9 ,lora91 ,ohio4 ,he b>ely surviv$ comput]ization4 ,9 fact1 he b>ely surviv$4 ,he suff]$ a he>t attack t may or may n h be5 br\ght on by ! add$ /ress4 ,8 ordeal is a preview ( :at "s companies may expect z small comput]s--or t]m9als l ,mahony's--become requirem5ts in/ead ( options 9 _m bus9esses4 ,x is a fitt+ argum5t = tutor+ or o!r adju/m5ts = key employees4 ,)9 ! newspap] indu/ry--m comput]iz$ ?an mo/ fields by n[--y'll f9d few ,jim ,mahonys today4 ,b _m o!r bus9esses are n[ wa/+ ! ,mahony ,advantage4 ,at ! ,j\rnal1 read]%ip surveys %[$ ,mahony's column 0 "o ( ! ma9 draws4 ,he 0 a native ( 8 /eel t[n1 a p]fect c\nt]po9t 9 a newsroom dom9at$ by "y outsid]s4 ,he'd work$ = ! ,j\rnal--:e!r z a newsboy or an editor--s9ce he 0 t54 ,! only break 0 "t (f = ,_w ,w> ,,ii s]vice4 ,indisputably1 on local matt]s1 he 0 a human data bank4 8,!re's nobody :o kn[s ?is t[n & ! p & ! relation%ips1 ! m>riages1 l ,jim10 said ,bill ,scrivo1 an ex-manag+ editor4 8,y j c't /ore ?is k9d ( mat]ial4 ,he knew :o 0 a phony & :o 0 likely to mislead y40 ,jim d\bl$ z ! news editor 7on ! ,j\rnal ! news editor's job 0 m ( a copy-desk function ?an an executive "o 9 ! fulle/ s5se71 & ov] ! ye>s he may h sav$ ! ,j\rnal ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 lawy]'s bills f ! libel suits t nev] 7 fil$4 ,he knew1 say1 t ! ,phil ,smi? caught 9 a gambl+ raid 0 n ! prom95t black m9i/] ) ! same "n4 ,if no?+ else1 8 va/ k ( ,lora91 ,ohio1 & its p made ! pap] m cr$ible4 ,& ,mahony lov$ ! traditional newsroom z mu* z he did 8 city--! big1 black wire-s]vice tick]s1 ! bulky ,rem+tons & ,und]woods4 8,a tick] gives a newsroom t c]ta9 flavor10 he told me4 8,y he> a bell1 & t means an important /ory is ab\t to be releas$ & x puts y on ! al]t1 makes y news consci\s40 ,& typewrit]s8 8,i figur$ !y 7 ! backbone ( newspap]+ all ! way ?r\gh40 ,mahony oblit]at$1 h[ev]1 at lea/ two ( !m4 ,he w\ld /rike ! keys s h>d t ! lett]s w\ld fly (f ! arms4 ,appreciat+ ! man m ?an ! ma*9es1 8 colleagues *e]fully :eel$ 9 replacem5ts4 ,dapp] ,dan1 h[ev]--,mahony's "n = a "y comput] exp]t ) "s fla%y sports coats & a fondness = j>gon--wasn't s accommodat+4 8,8 ^w 0 ,god's10 ,mahony said1 8& he pressur$ u4 ,he felt t ! pupil %\ld be /epp$ into a m advanc$ bracket4 ,& evid5tly he misjudg$ ! p]son :o 0 possibly ( an old] era & n famili> ) ! comput] field4 ,he nev] appe>$ news int]e/$4 ,x appe>$ 8 :ole life 0 wrapp$ ar\nd comput]s40 8,! tra9+ consi/$ ( sitt+ d[n two h\rs e o!r day 9 ?is little room10 recall$ ,dick ,di,luciano1 ! =m] editor h&l+ /ate news1 8& !n we'd be told t :5 y hit ?is button1 ?is activates ?is diode or t diode or :atev] ! t]m4 ,& f9ally ,i decid$ !y 7 wa/+ _! "t tell+ :at happ5s :5 we hit a button4 ,we didn't h to "k t4 ,all we _h to "k 0 :at buttons to hit to get our /ory into ! comput] & get x typeset40 ,mahony himself compla9s t ! pap] didn't />t him out ) real news /ories on ! t]m9al4 ,in/ead1 he did bor+ ex]cises simil> to ^? 9 typ+ manuals4 8,x 0 mu* l a batt] 9 major league baseball tak+ batt+ practice10 he said4 8,y j /ay$ !re :ile !y ?rew curve-balls at y m or less40 8,! only ?+ ,jim really put into ! comput] on ! job itself 0 headl9es & 8 column10 ,di,luciano said1 8b he really 0 gett+ fru/rat$ & di/raught4 ,& ,i bump$ into him 9 ! wa%room "o day1 & he 0 ab\t to cry4 ,he said1 #8,dick1 ,i "k ,i'm go+ to lose my job1 because ,i c't le>n h[ to "w t damn comput]4'0 ,he almo/ did lose x4 ,jim 0 out sick sev]al mon?s1 & he _h to leave 8 news editor's po/4 ,! ,j\rnal let him cont9ue ! 8,mahony's ,memos0 column b assign$ him to ! 8morgue10 ! libr>y1 to file away old clips4 ,! libr>y 0 9 a room ap>t f ! city desk4 ,no long] 0 ,mahony s h&y to editors want+ to "k1 say1 if a home on ,ea/ ,tw5ty-eigh? ,/reet is on ! 8,ea/ ,side0 ( ,lora94 7,x isn't--contr>y to :at a /ory said47 ,7 x n = ! mi%&l+ ( ,jim ,mahony's tra9+1 he might /ill be vigilantly edit+4 ,:at c\ld h be5 done to keep ,jim ,mahony !re8 ,jack ,la,vriha1 a cig>-*omp+ newspap]man ( ,mahony's g5]ation1 _h an idea4 ,:y c\ldn't ! pap] h hir$ a tutor = ,mahony--maybe a j\rnalism graduate famili> ) comput]s :o 0 wait+ = a report]'s job to op5 up8 ,! "y grad c\ld h ent]$ ,mahony's /ories on ! t]m9al1 le>n+ city-room ways :ile ,jim gradually ma/]$ comput] ones4 ,comput]s & old] p c get along f9e4 ,ev5 )\t a tutor ,la,vriha himself 0 "o ( ,dapp] ,dan's /> pupils1 & today1 ?\gh retir$1 he /ill drops by ! newsroom to write press releases = community gr\ps on ! comput]4 ,di/ill$1 "h are "s lessons f ! ,j\rnal's exp]i5ce ) comput] tra9+3 #a4 ,ev5 ! be/-int5tion$ companies may fail mis]ably 9 eas+ "s employees' comput]ization traumas4 ,! pap]'s editor at ! "t 0 ,irv+ ,leib[itz1 a ,l\ ,grant-l figure belov$ by _m 9 ! newsroom2 ,i c recall ,leibo once jump+ up on ! copy desk to lead a 8,happy ,bir?day0 tribute to ,jim ,mahony & b>ely miss+ ! cake2 t 0 ,leibo4 ,he di$ 9 #aigi4 ,7 he alive today1 h[ev]1 he w\ld probably be ! fir/ to admit t ! pap] mi%&l$ ,mahony dur+ ! transition4 ,l _m o!rs1 ,leibo 0 9 awe ( ,dapp] ,dan4 ,& s he'd susp5d$ ! skepticism t usually s]v$ him well on ! job4 #b4 ,! traits :i* make somebody valuable to 8 company may be ! v ones complicat+ 8 transition to comput]ization4 ,jim ,mahony 0 ! folksy1 family-ori5t$ man t 8 column sugge/$4 ,mahony knew /eelwork]s z well z politicians & bus9essm51 & to ma9ta9 t network ( fri5ds1 ev5 9 a small t[n1 takes "t4 ,jim didn't l work+ late at ! (fice1 bon+ up on comput]s2 he w\ld r be ) 8 family or "s ( ! av]age p he wrote ab\t4 #c4 ,at ! same "t y c't /]eotype anyone--by age1 folks9ess1 or o!rwise--z absolutely doom$ to fail at ! comput] keybo>d4 ,j look at old ,jack ,la,vriha1 himself a ,lora9 native & /rong family man4 ,jack took well to comput]ization & w\ld give ! editors c>ds ) numb]s on !m1 say+1 = in/ance1 8,call up /ory numb] s-&-s if y want to "k ab\t a hot vet]ans p>ade com+ up40 ,be=e comput]ization he'd lobbi$ = 8 /ories by %ov+ !m 9 front ( ! editors' faces or leav+ notes2 ! c>ds 7 8 new way4 ,:y did ,jack succe$ :]e ,jim didn't8 ,hey1 he ?\ght ( comput]ization1 if t's :at x is1 ,i'm go+ to accept x4 ,i d :atev] /ories !y give me1 s :y n ?is8 ,8 be+ a report]1 n a desk-b\nd editor ) a /rict r\t9e1 may h help$4 #d4 ,an important "p ( tra9+ is simple salesman%ip--p]suad+ ! work] to adopt ! "r attitude4 ,mahony rightly or wrongly felt bulli$4 ,he want$ to be woo$1 n pressur$4 #e4 ,don't make comput]ization seem m ?reat5+ ?an x has to be4 ,j\rnal manag]s bragg$ h[ !y'd ?r[ ! typewrit]s out ( ! newsroom--,mahony's security blankets4 ,in/ead1 ! pap] might h kept a few !re = tasks l note tak+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 t's :at actually happ5$4 ,also1 ,mahony recalls t ! pap] comput]iz$ )\t at fir/ hav+ a pr9t] 9 ! newsroom1 mean+ t /aff]s _h to tru/ ev]y?+ to ! comput] memory4 ,he w\ld h felt m com=table 9 ! beg9n+ ) pap] backups4 ,t's a close "o4 ,le>n+ ! ,kaypro1 ,i myself progress$ fa/] because ,i c\ldn't use my pr9t] at night )\t di/urb+ ! neighbors4 ,i1 h[ev]1 0 le>n+ volunt>ily4 ,mahony 0 =c$4 ,try to comput]ize ) ! old sy/em intact 9 ! beg9n+--) pap] records1 9 o!r words4 ,n only w y\r ,mahonys feel m com=table2 y'll be bett] protect$ :5 ! comput] glit*es up4 ,soon] or lat]1 !y all d4 #f4 ,z e>ly z possible />t p on real projects4 ,! fir/ day at ! keybo>d ,jim ,mahony might h be5 writ+ a column or "p ( "o4 ,adam ,gre51 ! s(tw>e tra9+ exp]t1 says to />t (f tea*+ y\r new employees "s comput] basics4 ,b !n !y %\ld buckle d[n to ! practical f day "o4 ,integrate ,word,star1 = in/ance1 into y\r employees' "w4 ,don't say1 8,okay1 n[ y're go+ to take a class 9 ,word,star40 ,in/ead1 h a sales rep use ,word,star to write "s lett]s to cu/om]s or enc\rage an acc\ntant to />t us+ #a-b-c z soon z possible on a limit$ basis4 ,?is isn't to say t a real project is ! only hook y c use4 ,gre5 has be5 q successful ) ,adv5ture-/yle comput] games t require p to le>n to =mat _! disks & o!r basic micro skills4 ,x's a good introduction to micros = ! ,pac-,man g5]ation4 ,t might n be "r1 h[ev]1 = ,mahony-v9tage p4 ,above all1 bew>e ( ! babble ab\t 8comput] lit]acy0 = ev]yone4 ,foll[ ,john ,h4 ,b5nett's example4 ,) a ,h>v>d ,ph4,d4 9 ma!matics & a ,phi ,beta ,kappa key1 he's h>dly antile>n+4 ,& yet he skillfully mapp$ out a micro program = executives :o w]5't int]e/$ 9 all ! subtleties ( bits & bytes4 ,b5nett is ! top data-process+ man at ,unit$ ,te*nologies ,corporation4 ,unit$1 a #ad billion conglom]ate1 produces ev]y?+ f helicopt]s to air condition]s & silicon *ips4 8,we're a high-te* company10 ,b5nett said4 8,m & m ( our products h microprocessors 9 !m40 ,mo/ ( ! s5ior executives1 h[ev]1 _h nev] us$ a p]sonal comput] be=e ,b5nett />t$ a tra9+ program = ^? baffl$ by te* talk4 8,x's n a productivity program10 ,b5nett said4 8,x's an educational program40 ,) ! #e million program's /ress on h&s-on exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 ^? goals me%$ nicely4 ,unit$ hom$ 9 on ! comput] skills t season$ executives c\ld use 9 _! jobs & se>*$ h>d = ! "r p to tea* !m4 8,y c get p to tea* y to use an automat$ spread%eet10 ,b5nett said1 8& ( c\rse !re are at lea/ a doz5 v5dors (f]+ to tea* p to use a ^w processor1 b !re is no program t takes ! /&>d tool kit & (f]s to at lea/ introduce y to e tool40 ,national ,tra9+ ,sy/ems1 ,inc41 h[ev]1 a ,cali=nia company1 design$ ! c\rse he want$4 ,9 #aihc & #aihd1 m ?an a ?\s& ,unit$ executives 7 to le>n to use ! ,,ibm ,,pc & ! ,context ,,mba program4 ,b5nett _h settl$ on ! ,,ibm "o ,*ri/mas vacation :5 he himself te/$ sev]al diff]5t br&s4 ,x 0 8 own initiation to p]sonal comput+4 ,he surmis$ t pl5ty ( s(tw>e w\ld be com+ = ! ,,ibm1 & 9 fact ,context ,,mba did appe> 9 "t ) tools he want$ = ,unit$'s executives2 ! integrat$ program includ$ a spread%eet1 data base1 graphics1 communications1 & simple ^w process+4 ,unit$ held ! ?ree-day c\rse 9 a w9d[less conf]5ce room on ! second floor ( ! rese>* c5t] 9 ,ea/ ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut1 j across ! riv] f corporate headqu>t]s4 ,bl[ups ( ,,ibm comput] equipm5t l9$ a wall4 ,x 0 z ?\gh ,unit$ 7 do+ all x c\ld to eng5d] conc5tration4 ,if an executive turn$ to gaze at a nonexi/5t w9d[1 ! sight ( ! photographs might g5tly nudge him back to "w4 ,up front 0 a projection scre5 & an easel be>+ su* 8,,extra ,,activity0 sugge/ions z 8,,exp]im5t ,,) ,,v>i\s ,,comm&s ,,on ,,y\r ,,spread%eet40 ,9 a photo f ,unit$'s public relations (fice1 ! c>pet$ room look$ l a cross betwe5 a college classroom & a ,computer,land /ore4 ,executives came f ,unit$ divisions across ! c\ntry4 ,) sixte5 ,,ibm comput]s & mat*+ pr9t]s1 ! tra9+ project c\ldn't travel v f>4 ,"o ( ! /ud5ts 0 himself a local ( sorts1 ,rob]t ,j4 ,b]t9i1 ,jr41 controll] ( ! ,ea/ ,h>t=d rese>* c5t]4 ,he 0 an ,,mba 9 8 mid-=ties1 & 9 "s ways he typifi$ _m ( ! executives 9 ! program4 8,to a c]ta9 ext5t10 he said ( 8 ?\ghts be=e he took ! c\rse1 8y're afraid y're go+ to screw up40 ,he _h toy$ ) ! idea ( buy+ an ,apple or ,commodore b 8didn't want to sit !re & read a book & hunt & peck at ! keybo>d40 ,/ill1 he 0 con/ructively egoti/ical3 if o!rs c\ld ma/] comput]s1 :y n he8 ,s he sign$ up4 ,on pap] ! program 0 completely volunt>y4 ,9 practice1 p]haps1 :at ) pe] pressure1 x 0 army volunt>y4 8,we j didn't feel ! managem5t ( a high-te*nology company c\ld be competitive )\t kn[+ :at ! comput] c d = !m10 ,b5nett _h said 9 ann\nc+ ! program1 & :o wants to be kn[n z noncompetitive8 ,/ill1 ! company 0 b5d+ ov] backw>d to make ! tra9+ z palatable z x c\ld4 ,)9 m9utes ( ! comput] in/ructor's fir/ 8,good morn+10 ,b]t9i 0 le>n+ h[ to load disks into ! little ,,ibm ma*9e & type out ! comm&s ( ,context ,,mba4 ,m]cifully1 he wasn't wre/l+ ) unne$$ comput]ese4 8,mo/ manuals10 ,b5nett correctly says1 8are n writt5 ) executives 9 m9d4 ,mo/ are writt5 = p :o "k h[ to use comput]s4 ,on page ?irty-some?+ ( ! manual x ev5tually gets ar\nd to tell+ p h[ to />t _! comput]s up40 ,j a week aft] ,b]t9i f9i%$ ! c\rse1 8 own ,,ibm ,,pc arriv$ at 8 (fice4 ,man & ma*9e 7 /ill new to ea* o!r1 & data-process+ p 7 ready to help ov]come ! normal />t-up glit*es1 b ,b]t9i fac$ o!r problems4 ,w\ld he h "t dur+ ! normal "w day to p]fect 8 comput] skills8 ,ne>ly ?irty p report$ to him1 & n[ ! ma*9e1 too1 w\ld be vy+ = 8 att5tion4 ,he also worri$ "s ab\t 8 image z he grop$ ar\nd on ! comput]4 8,hell10 he c&idly said1 8we all h our degrees ( vanity40 ,once aga91 h[ev]1 ,unit$ _h a solution1 a r\t9e "o 9 ! tra9+ program4 ,x all[$ ,b]t9i to take ! ,,ibm home4 8,let's face x10 he said1 8! c\rse taught y ! basics1 h[ to get on ! ma*9e1 h[ to d "s relatively simple1 basic ?+s ) x4 ,to le>n o!r /uff t makes x ! tool x really is took eighty or n9ety h\rs or :atev] ,i sp5t ) ! ?+ at home40 ,ev5 aft] ,b]t9i ma/]$ ! ,,ibm1 he /ill us$ x at home = *ores l *eckbook balanc+--& = "w1 too2 especially "w4 8,my wife10 he jok$1 8decid$ t ! reason ?is ?+ 0 go+ to be a big productivity improvem5t = ! corporation 0 t ,i'd put 9 t extra eight h\rs at home & give !m a sixte5-h\r day40 ,he also f\nd himself work+ lat] "s days at ! (fice4 ,b ,b]t9i em]g$ a believ] 9 bo? ! tra9+ program & ! ma*9e4 ,z *ief fiscal (fic] at ! #a1bjj-;employee rese>* c5t]1 he help$ preside ov] mu* ( ,unit$'s rese>* & developm5t budget--!n #hjj million a ye>4 ,8 life 0 a s]ies ( :at ifs4 ,:at ab\t t #d-million ma9frame comput]2 %\ld ,unit$ buy or lease x8 ,:at ab\t taxes1 depreciation1 int]e/ rates8 ,:at ab\t a numb] ( :at ab\ts8 ,traditionally1 ,b]t9i _h wait$ ar\nd = answ]s f 8 /aff]s1 :i* c\ld take h\rs or days2 b n[ he _h 8 own comput] & electronic spread%eet & c\ld consid] m options fa/]4 ,! ,,ibm 0 also h&y = confid5tial tasks l sal>y analyses4 8,z f> z m]it increases = my p 7 conc]n$10 said ,b]t9i1 8,i _h access to x1 & !y didn't4 ,& t's ! way ,i want$ x to be40 ,he also wrote lett]s & memos on ! comput]4 8,w\ld y believe1 tw5ty ye>s ago 9 college ,i took a typ+ c\rse80 he said4 ,:5 ,b]t9i wrote to ,h>ry ,gray--,unit$'s *airman--! c5t] controll]'s secret>y r$id ! lett]s on a typewrit]4 ,b ! little dot-matrix pr9t] work$ well = memos zipp$ out to ,b]t9i's /aff]s4 ,! communications "p ( ,context ,,mba 0 also a joy1 = ,b]t9i c\ld s5d electronic mail & tap ,unit$'s ma9frame = facts t previ\sly _h be5 filt]$ ?r\gh subord9ates4 ,"s /aff]s res5t$ 8 new ability to bypass !m4 ,x 0 a rev]sal ( normal roles4 ,! boss _h a p]sonal comput] be=e !y did & 0 n[ bett] plugg$ 9 to ,unit$'s in=mation network4 8,z f> z ,i'm conc]n$10 ,b]t9i said1 def5d+ 8 new sy/em1 8! boss's job is to second-guess y40 ,b ! worri$ might f9d "s solace3 ,b]t9i 0 plann+ to br+ 9 a second ,,ibm = ! p bel[4 ,tra9+ 7,cont9u$73 ,! ,dahlonega ,answ] ,= a bucket ( fri$ *ick51 ,hugh ,hunt1 a son ( ,h4 ,l4 ,hunt1 ! late oilman1 gave me "s lessons on h[ to run my ,kaypro4 ,an ,&]son ,jacobson salesman _h (f]$ my "n to ,hunt aft] he c\ldn't get 8 ,kaypros work+ q "r ) 8 ,,aj pr9t]s & ! ,select ^w-process+ program4 ,i pass$ on ! numb] ( someone :o might actually solve ! problem4 ,hunt1 hav+ t9k]$ ) comput]s = sev]al ye>s1 gave me "s quick tutor+ on my ,kaypro4 8,well10 ,i said1 8,i'm /ill n really famili> ) ! basics ( ,,cp_/,m40 8,come on ov]10 he told ?is /rang]1 :o 0 wise en\gh to own ! same br&s ( comput] & pr9t] z he did4 8,no consultant's fee80 ,i jok$4 8,br+ along "s fri$ *ick510 he said4 ,hunt's home sat on a hill 9 horse c\ntry j outside ,wa%+ton4 ,he call$ x ,dahlonega1 aft] a t[n 9 ! ,georgia m\nta9s :]e he _h once liv$ & :]e m9]s _h extract$ gold be=e ! ,civil ,w>4 ,9 8 basem5t1 9 pla91 fluoresc5t-lit rooms1 7 ! (fices ( 8 l&-developm5t company4 ,hunt %[$ me h[ he _h rigg$ up a roll ( ,teletype pap] ) a clo!s hang] s he w\ldn't h to buy a tractor fe$ = "o ( 8 daisy-:eel pr9t]s4 ,a tall1 heavy-set man ne>+ fifty1 he wore casual clo!s & look$ l old pictures ( 8 fa!r 9 middle age4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 h[ev]1 ,i c\ld only guess :o he might be4 ,ev5 if he _h be5 ,hugh ,doe1 ,i /ill w\ld h be5 int]e/$ 9 8 /yle ( tra9+ ! p :o op]at$ 8 ,apple1 8 sev]al ,kaypros1 & a pair ( ,osbornes4 ,8 te*niques 7 wrong = _m corporate situations4 ,!y w\ld h be5 a disa/] = ,jim ,mahony1 ! old newspap]man1 :o 0 s heavy-h&$ t he ru9$ at lea/ two typewrit]s4 ,b !y 7 j "r = ,hunt & 8 p--& p]haps = _m o!r small bus9essm5 :o l to be surr\nd$ by employees com=table ) high te*4 ,hunt didn't give 8 /aff]s extra-long1 /ep-by-/ep guidance4 ,in/ead1 he3 #a4 ,hir$ p :o 7 fa/ le>n]s at ! keybo>d4 #b4 ,help$ !m ) "s le>n+ aids l color-cod$ keys %[+ k9ds ( ,word,star comm&s4 #c4 ,motivat$ !m by expla9+ h[ _! new comput] skills w\ld make !m happi]--& ri*]1 s9ce he paid !m m1 once _! productivity increas$4 ,e/h] ,k+1 8 middle-ag$ (fice manag]1 a bright1 d[n-to-e>? high s*ool graduate1 actually may h be5 z responsible = 8 tra9+ me?ods z he 04 ,%e tri$ to hire only p :o'd b5efit f "s quick lessons foll[$ by int5sive self-in/ruction4 8,sometimes ,i'll h !m sit d[n at ! comput]10 %e said ( h] employm5t int]views1 8& ,i j turn x on & tell !m to type4 ,a lot ( p1 !y're afraid !y're go+ to hurt x4 ,& y're n go+ to hurt x4 ,y c't hurt x4 ,s y mess up1 & y get ! wrong ?+1 & x says y made a #8fatal error4' ,s y j />t ov]1 & t's ! only way y're go+ to le>n--is sit d[n & n be afraid ( x40 ,jeanette ,c\nsellor1 at ! "t an employee ( ,hunt's1 didn't j type on comput]s4 ,%e also knew h[ to juggle ar\nd ?\s&s ( doll>s on electronic spread%eets4 ,& ,k+ h]self boa/$ ! ability to use comput]s to help project build+ co/s1 a useful skill s9ce ,hunt at ! "t 0 f9i%+ con/ruction ( a wat]-!me p>k 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,:at's m1 on ! ,apple1 ,k+ help$ ,hunt d company tax "w4 ,by telephone--,i talk$ to ,hunt & 8 p sev]al times--,i ask$ po9t-blank :y he'd be5 s successful 9 gett+ /aff]s runn+ on comput]s4 8,i told !m10 he said1 8h[ x w\ld be useful = ! re/ ( _! c>e]s to be able to say1 #8,i've work$ ) a comput] & ,i've ^w process$4'0 ,8 p didn't mess ) ,,basic1 j skills directly useful 9 _! "w4 8,i %[$ !m10 said ,hunt1 8h[ comput]s c\ld save !m a lot ( "t & tr\ble 9 ! am\nt ( rewrites ,i d4 ,i put x to !m z a *all5ge40 8,i 0 ready to le>n10 said ,c\nsellor1 :o _h tak5 a data-process+ c\rse at a community college b _h nev] be=e us$ a comput]4 8,i 0 look+ = a job t w\ld tra9 me to d ?is sort ( ?+40 ,al?\gh y\r p may ne$ m guidance ?an ,hunt's /aff]s 9 le>n+ comput] skills1 y c take he>t 9 ! results ( a poll report$ 9 ,info,world4 ,( #ejj p]sonnel manag]s & ov] #ejj cl]ical employees1 #hg p]c5t said 8on-!-job tra9+ to le>n new te*nologies0 is important4 ,micros & ! ,data-,process+ ,dep>tm5t ,b]t9i & ! employees 9 ,hunt's (fice 7 lucky--! p[]s-t-be 7 enc\rag+ ! introduction & use ( micros4 ,)9 ,am]ican corporations1 h[ev]1 _m data-process+ dep>tm5ts h look$ askance at small comput]s4 ,!y've se5 !m z a ?reat to _! p[]4 ,s ,am]ican executives h b\ght millions ( doll>s ( 8typewrit]s0 & 8add+ ma*9es0 f comput] /ores1 hop+ to fool ,data ,process+ 7,,dp7 & bookkeep]s4 ,"o man lo/ 8 job aft] ,data ,process+ w\ldn't let executives buy micros & he falsifi$ an exp5se v\*] to smuggle 9 an ,apple4 ,di%one/8 ,yes4 ,b a micro m>tyr1 too4 ,?is atmosph]e may be *ang+1 ( c\rse4 ,z e>ly z #aihc ,comput]world report$ t ( #bbj data-process+ manag]s reply+ to a poll1 #fb p]c5t said !y w\ld enc\rage ! use ( p]sonal comput]s4 ,bew>e ( ! ,de ,mille ,syndrome1 h[ev]4 ,x's ! fondness ( _m data-process+ manag]s = :at "o consultant calls a 8,cecil ,b4 ,de ,mille production0 ) 8a ca/ ( ?\s&s1 millions ( doll>s & ye>s 9 ! mak+40#cb ,footnote #cb3 ,comput]world1 ,m>* #bh1 #aihc4 ,! poor1 ignorant p outside ,data ,process+1 mean:ile1 c't enjoy all ! micros or advice !y ne$4 8,la/ ye>10 w5t a pla9tive lett] to a comput] columni/1 8we pur*as$ a microcomput] & ,visi,corp's ,visi,calc s(tw>e = ! company acc\nt+ (fice4 ,! micro 0 idle = ab\t six mon?s until someone decid$ to figure out h[ to use x4 ,s9ce !n1 half a doz5 p 9 our (fice & at lea/ z _m 9 o!r (fices keep ! sy/em ti$ up40 ,b ! firm's comput] p w\ldn't budget m ma*9es ev5 ?\gh ! #e1jjj micro 9 ! acc\nt+ (fice _h 8paid = itself _m times ov]40 ,! excuse f ! comput] pooh-bahs 0 ?is3 sev]al acc\nt+ sy/ems 7 on ! way t w\ld d ! job1 & :y all[ micros to prolif]ate8 8,money10 said ! lett] to ! columni/1 8has nev] be5 a "q40#cc ,p[]1 app>5tly1 04 ,9 t s5se also1 _m data-process+ biggies are l ,de ,mille4 ,footnote #cc3 ,comput]world1 ,m>* #bh1 #aihc4 8,programm]s 9 g5]al are pretty control ori5t$1 pretty me?odical 9 nature10 said ,adam ,gre51 8& usually ! mo/ me?odical1 ! mo/ control-ori5t$ p]son becomes ! head ( ,,dp40 8,if !y l y1 !y'll help y2 if !y don't1 !y won't10 said my fri5d ,mi*ael ,canyes1 :o himself s]v$ "t 9 data process+ 9 gov]nm5t & private indu/ry4 ,& x isn't j ! ,de ,mille desire = control t has da%$ _m an executive's hopes = an (fice micro4 ,x's also _! %e] ignorance at times4 8,"s data-process+ manag]s />t$ out t5 or fifte5 ye>s ago :5 ! field 0 gr[+10 ,canyes said1 8& /ay$ ) _! companies :ile m able p mov$ to o!rs4 ,!y j 7 9 ! "r revolv+ door at ! "r "t4 ,_m don't "k en\gh to get a job else:]e4 ,& !y don't und]/& ! capabilities ( micros & are afraid ( !m40 ,at ,unit$1 ,b5nett's executive micro c\rse 0 ge>$ t[>d ! nonte*nical1 & yet he comm5dably want$ 8 top data-process+ p includ$1 too4 8,_m ( !m10 he said1 8hadn't t\*$ a comput] console or t]m9al = t5 ye>s & 7 q surpris$ z to :at a mod]n microcomput] c d40 ,!y didn't le>n fa/] z a gr\p1 9 fact1 ?an did ! o!r ,unit$ executives4 8,if !y've nev] us$ a ^w processor10 ,b5nett said1 8:y w\ld !y le>n x fa/] ?an ! guy next door80 #8,h[ ,:at d y d if y ne$ ,data ,process+'s favor to buy a micro or set up an (fice network ( !m8 ,b5nett has ! good s5se n to 8tell somebody h[ !y c\ld d some?+ 9 a political environm5t t ,i'm n famili> )40 ,"h1 h[ev]1 is my own reckless sc5>io = y4 ,d n sue if ?is advice makes y a micro m>tyr3 #a4 ,be=e approa*+ ,data ,process+1 ask :o-h[ que/ions ab\t ! p !re--que/ions simil> to "s y'd raise ab\t outside consultants4 ,f9d out :o1 =mally & in=mally1 c help y ! mo/4 #b4 ,ask y\r in=mal ,data-,process+ contact ab\t possible te*nical problems4 ,tell him :at y hope to d4 ,if x won't fly1 h[ c y modify x8 #c4 ,:5 y're ready to deal ) ! ,data-,process+ manag]1 tell him y\r exact comput] goals4 ,easi] ^w process+ on j "o ma*9e8 ,a micro network ti$ into ! ma9frame8 ,_m executives correctly see big comput]s z massive repositories = in=mation to be analyz$ on micros4 #d4 ,make x cle> y're aw>e ( y\r project's complications4 ,anticipate ! manag]'s own :o-h[-/yle que/ions1 especially ! 8,h[0 & 8,h[ mu*80 ,take on ! issues close/ to ! ,data-,process+ manag]'s he>t4 ,traditionally1 ,,dp seeks to c5tralize facts s ,sales won't h "o set ( numb]s & ,adm9i/ration ano!r set4 ,does y\r micro plan tackle t problem8 ,also1 :at ab\t ! security issue8 ,h[ are y go+ to safegu>d facts /or$ inside ! micros8 ,:at ab\t ma9t5ance8 ,:o's go+ to look aft] ! comput]s--y\r dep>tm5t or ,,dp8 ,h[ ab\t tra9+8 ,y\r baby or ,data ,process+'s8 ,also1 :at w y d = ongo+ te*nical support8 ,despite "s ,d,pers' possible ignorance ( micros1 y'll /ill come out ahead ) ! comput] room's coop]ation1 especially if y want y\r micros talk+ to ! ma9frame4 8,! situation10 "o exp]t told ,comput]world 9 describ+ micro-ma9frame hookups1 8is l connect+ two telephones ) a wire & try+ to get a ,russian to communicate ) an ,am]ican4 ,! microcomput] us]s ?9k !y h f9i%$ ! job1 b !y hav5't ev5 begun40 ,s if y want y\r micro to get along ) o!r comput]s1 try to coexi/ ) ! p :o might help out4 ,well1 s mu* = relations ) humans4 ,n[1 h[ d y survive ! comput]s !mselves8 ,h[ d y *oose ! be/ keybo>ds1 scre5s1 etc41 = y to live com=tably ) y\r ma*9e8 ,h[ c p feel 9 *>ge ( _! comput]s--gu>d+ heal?1 com=t1 & productivity aga9/ ! ,,hal syndrome8 ,backup3 ,,viii1 ,consultant ,contracts3 ,"s ,:o-,h[ ,que/ions1 page #cci4 #i ,! ,hal ,syndrome ,raquel ,wel*1 ! movie /> :o pranc$ ar\nd 9 a fur bik9i 9 a caveman epic1 report$ly plann$ to use a #aj1jjj comput] to write a fitness book4 ,h] ballyhoo 9 late #aihb /ress$ t 8! m9d & body are connect$40 ,b = ,"t read]s %e may n h set ! be/ example4 ,a color photo %[$ a tightly g[n$ ,wel* laz+ on ! floor ne> ! newly fam\s comput]--x lack$ a deta*able keybo>d4 ,& if y c't sep>ate y\r keybo>d f ! ma9 "p ( y\r ma*9e8 ,t might be bad news = bo? y\r m9d & body4 ,! be/ di/ance betwe5 y\r eyes & ! ,,tv-l scre5 may cla% ) ! "r sep>ation betwe5 y\r torso & ! keybo>d4 ,y\r po/ure may suff]4 ,9 fairness to ,raquel--:o decl9$ an int]view on ! topic--%e might h felt p]fectly com=table us+ h] comput]4 ,p]haps %e _h ! prop] eye-sight1 ! p]fect body1 = x4 ,if %e didn't1 h[ev]1 ,raquel may h subject$ h]self to ! ,hal ,syndrome--lett+ ! comput] bully h]4 ,hal1 y'll recall1 kill$ all b "o ( 8 human ma/]s4 ,raquel's comput] didn't murd] h]1 b if %e inde$ toil$ h>d on x = h] book1 x may h done a v nice job ( kill+ h] back4 ,! ,hal ,syndrome c manife/ itself 9 o!r ways4 ,ev5 ! wrong furniture1 inde$ especially ! wrong furniture1 c poison relations betwe5 humans & ma*9es4 ,:at's m1 bad ergonomics--! j>gon = ! human-ma*9e l9k--actually c make y sick4 ,raquel may l h] "w2 b millions ( cl]ical p don't1 & a*es f comput]s c add to _! /ress4 ,!y c help br+ ab\t he>t attacks1 /rokes1 high blood pressure1 p]haps ev5 raise y\rs by rais+ y\r company's heal?-insurance co/s ov] ! long run4 ,& !y c l[] y\r pr(its 9 o!r ways4 ,work+ ) bad furniture & light+1 comput] op]ators 9 "o /udy made m errors & tapp$ out #be p]c5t few] key/rokes ?an !y did "u bett] conditions4 ,mi*ael ,smi?1 =m] *ief ( ! ,motivation & ,/ress ,rese>* ,section at ! ,national ,in/itute ( ,occupational ,safety & ,heal? 7,,nio%71 says ! ,,nio% exp]im5t la/$ a week & 0 closely controll$4 ,a private ergonomics consultant f\nd a #aj-ae p]c5t diff]5ce 9 a /udy ( good & bad furniture4 ,:atev] ! p]c5tage1 h[ev]1 ergonomics isn't j a gimmick to sell new tables & *airs2 ,smi? says x especially c help n>r[ ! gap betwe5 m$iocre & prize work]s4 ,n only does good ergonomics pay = itself 9 ! long run2 x may also improve y\r labor relations4 ,x's a p]fect meet+ gr\nd = y & y\r employees4 ,!y want good work+ conditions4 ,y want good "w4 ,& ev]yone c w92 = ) dec5t ergonomics1 y'll enjoy l[] turnov]4 ,y may v well lure good p away f competitors :o run electronic sweat%ops4 ,%>p scre5s & silky keybo>ds won't s+le-h&$ly /ave (f unionization or ende> y to ensconc$ unions1 b !y won't hurt4 ,a sm>t1 secure executive1 9 fact1 may ev5 turn union compla9ts to 8 advantage4 ,he'll li/54 ,he 7or %e7 won't sp5d #bj1jjj on new comput]s or t]m9als t inflame p's eyes & temp]s4 ,9 %ort1 he'll le>n elev5 /eps to good ergonomics3 #a4 ,! can>y-9-!-m9e !ory ( labor relations4 ,ergonomics is p1 too1 n j ma*9es1 & y'll read "h ( bett] ways to "w ) bo?4 #b4 ,good job design4 #c4 8,t]m9al0 happ9ess4 ,deta*able keybo>ds are j a />t1 :e!r y're us+ a micro or a t]m9al hook$ into a l>ge comput]4 ,micros normally include keybo>ds1 scre5s1 & o!r major p>ts ( t]m9als4 ,s 8t]m9al0 is :at ,i'll say mo/ (t5 9 ?is *apt]4 #d4 ,! "r furniture4 #e4 ,! prop] light1 or z x's be5 said1 8,let !re be less40 #f4 ,noise r$uction4 #g4 ,air condition+1 heat+1 & v5tilation--basics neglect$ by a surpris+ numb] ( comput] us]s4 #h4 ,hone/ assurances to y\r p t y're expos+ !m to ! lea/ risk4 ,n all ! extra /ress 9 "s comput] "w comes f ! equipm5t itself4 ,"s is f fe> ( ! ma*9es4 #i4 ,a will+ness to consid] alt]natives to ! ,,tv-l ,c,r,ts t comput]s use to fla% out words & numb]s4 ,flat-scre5 comput]s--) ?9 panels r ?an bulky tubes--may ev5tually be easi] on ! eyes4 #aj4 ,s5sible use ( wr9kles l ! m\se--! h&-siz$ gizmo y use in/ead ( ! arr[like keys to move ! cursor on ! scre54 7,see ,backup ,x1 8,( ,mice & ,m5--& ,t\* ,pads1 ,t\* ,scre5s1 ,etc40 ,also see ,backup ,,ix1 8,w9d[ ,%opp+407 #aa4 ,a relat$ +r$i5t1 good s(tw>e--! topic ( e>li] *apt]s4 ,! ,can>y 9 ! ,m9e 8,h[10 ,i ask$ a consultant1 8d y "k if someone is try+ to (f] a con/ructive sugge/ion ab\t comput]ization or to get 9 ! way80 8,consid] ! s\rce10 he said4 8,is x com+ f a rese>*] or a union80 ,to "s ext5t ! man 0 "r4 ,"s p1 unioniz$ or n1 may be no m ?an tw5tie?-c5tury v]sion ( ! ,luddites1 ! ,engli% work]s :o1 dur+ ! #ahjjs1 sma%$ ! me*anical looms t 7 tak+ away _! livelihoods4 ,inde$1 ,dr4 ,mi*ael ,colligan1 a ,,nio% psy*ologi/1 says1 8,opposition to comput]s is usually k9d ( veil$ or disguis$ "u m g5]al compla9ts ab\t eye/ra91 heada*es1 & physical discom=ts (t5 associat$ ) video display t]m9als 7,v,d,ts74#cd 8,b10 ,colligan w>ns1 8if y talk ) work]s a:ile1 major conc]ns beg9 to surface40 ,legitimate conc]ns4 ,:e!r x's individual work]s or unions1 don't tune out grip]s4 ,li/5 to p l ,joan4 ,footnote #cd3 ,! ,colligan quotes are f ,joel ,mak[]'s useful book ,(fice ,haz>ds3 ,h[ ,y\r ,job ,c ,make ,y ,sick1 publi%$ #aiha by ,tild5 ,press1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,joan />t$ out ar\nd #aihj z a model employee 9 a nor!a/]n (fice ( a major insurance company1 ^: (ficials decl9$ to be int]view$4 8,i av]ag$ t5 h\rs a week ov]time10 %e said1 8& ,i came 9 :5 ,i _h pneumonia & a fev] ( #ajb40 ,9 a mode/ way1 help+ to unravel ! my/]ies ( ! ma*9es1 %e aid$ comput]ization4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 9 a n-s-mode/ way1 %e aid$ some?+ else3 unionization4 ,by ! "t ,i rea*$ h]1 %e _h quit h] #aj1jjj-;a-ye> job to g into bus9ess ) h] husb&4 ,= m ?an an h\r %e p\r$ out h] ang] aga9/ ! t]m9als & ! company t n[ us$ !m4 8,!y affect$ my /oma* q a bit10 ,joan said4 8,mo/ days ,i work$1 ,i w\ld ?r[ up 9 ! ladies room4 ,i didn't ?r[ up be=e ,i />t$ work+ on ! comput]1 & ,i hav5't ?r[n up s9ce ,i quit4 8,! scre5s w]5't at all s(t on ! eyes1 ev5 ) ! gl>e scre5s t snapp$ ov] ! top4 ,& !y 7 nontiltable40 ,%e also compla9$ t ! scre5s 7 too l[ ev5 = a five foot] l h]4 8,c\ld ,i h "s books & put my sy/em on top ( !m s ! scre5 w be 9 ! middle ( my eyes80 %e recalls ask+ a sup]visor4 8,y get ?is con/ant t5sion 9 y\r back because y're always hun*$ ov]40 8,no10 %e says ! sup]visor told h] 9 effect1 8t's unacceptable1 totally40 ,:y8 8,because10 came ! reply1 alleg$ly1 8! (fice won't look ! same4 ,x won't be level40 ,joan says managem5t w\ldn't ev5 let h] "w ) ! t]m9al 9 ! middle ( h] desk4 8,!y want$ !m all on ! same side10 %e recalls4 8,i said1 #8,hey1 ,i don't "w on t side ( ! desk1 sport4' ,x 0 ludicr\s1 absolutely ludicr\s4 ,ev5 a simple reque/ l t 0 too mu*40 ,at lea/ ! *air 0 adju/able 8,i l[]$ x s ,i c\ld get my eyes z close to ! middle ( ! scre5 z possible10 %e says4 8,i 0 s l[ t if ,i op5$ ! middle draw] on my desk ,i'd bang myself40 ,b x 0 ! lights t mo/ irk$ ,joan4 ,!y 7 bright fluoresc5ts1 f9e = traditional pap]work b n = ! comput] era4 ,managem5t1 press$ by employees1 took out _m ( ! tubes2 & yet ,joan says "s gl>e-ridd5 work]s /ill wore sunglasses4 ,%e also compla9s t ! company w\ldn't ev5 (f] ! op]ators eye exam9ations1 an irony1 consid]+ t %e 0 process+ heal? claims4 ,aga91 ,joan 0 a union activi/--z a result ( h] exp]i5ces--& "s manag]s may recoil f ! v notion ( cl]ks organiz+1 & yet 9 h] litany ( compla9ts ab\t work+ conditions1 !re 0 n "o ) :i* mo/ ergonomics pr(essionals w\ld qu>rel4 ,_h managem5t li/5$ to h] on ^? issues1 9 fact1 x w\ld h be5 do+ itself a favor4 ,=c+ ! work]s to /ra9 _! necks1 backs1 & eyes is h>dly ! road to high] productivity & pr(it4 ,x w\ld h co/ sev]al ?\s& doll>s at ! v mo/ to *ange ! light+4 ,corporate bureaucracy may or may n h all[$ ! work]s to be consult$ 9 selection ( ! t]m9als1 b !re is no reason--o!r ?an a misdirect$ passion = discipl9e & ord]--:y ! company c\ldn't h let ,joan *ange ! level ( h] scre54 ,joan's exp]i5ces are a good argum5t = ! ,can>y-9-!-,m9e ,!ory ( ,labor ,relations4 ,9 ! days be=e electronic gas detectors1 coal m9]s c>ri$ can>ies into ! pits4 ,! birds' lungs 7 m s5sitive ?an !irs to poison\s fumes4 ,& wat*+ ! can>ies1 _m a m9] sav$ himself & o!rs4 ,noveli/ ,kurt ,vonnegut1 ,jr41 us$ ! can>y-9-!-m9e p>allel to describe arti/s & writ]s s]v+ z an e>ly-w>n+ sy/em to call att5tion to social ills4 ,& work]s l ,joan1 8tr\blemak]s10 are y\r can>ies4 ,y may n agree ) !m1 & y may aggressively fight !m1 b be=e mak+ up y\r m9d1 at lea/ li/5 to !m4 ,!y c anticipate ! conc]ns ( less vocal work]s sc>$ ( los+ _! jobs4 8,well10 y ask18:at ab\t my au?ority z a manag]8 ,y knuckle "u to ! tr\blemak]s once1 !y'll come at y aga9 & aga940 ,confid5t executives1 h[ev]1 w avoid ?is misplac$ ma*ismo4 ,!y w ass]t _! au?ority m productively1 lett+ work]s h a voice 9 work+ conditions b1 9 return1 dem&+ good1 /eady production1 :i*1 aft] all1 is ! bottom l9e4 ,:5 y\r /ockhold]s receive divid5ds1 h[ _m w ?9k1 ,:at slobs--_! ,v,d,ts don't ev5 l9e up at ! same level6 ,ideally1 ( c\rse1 y\r p won't h to prop up _! ma*9es at all1 because !y'll h help$ y *oose easily adju/able scre5s & o!r equipm5t4 8,:5 ,i help design new comput] sy/ems10 says ,rob]t ,wat]s1 an ergonomics speciali/ ) a backgr\nd 9 psy*ology1 8,i try to f9d out :o'll be us+ !m4 ,!n1 if possible1 ,i'll seek out _! op9ions4 8,if y d t1 p won't feel s ?reat5$4 ,x w be _! equipm5t1 too1 n j ! company's4 ,!y won't ?9k1 ,i don't l x1 x's bad = me40 ,ri*>d ,k(fl]1 editor-publi%] ( ! ,ergonomics ,newslett]1 also recomm5ds giv+ ! work] a voice 9 equipm5t selection3 8,if y c d x1 try x4 ,!y'll tell !mselves1 #8,i w\ldn't want to look l a fool because ,i *ose some?+ t wasn't good4'0 ,9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 ,ri*>d ,g4 ,b>ry1 n[ s5ior advisor = managem5t sy/ems at ! ,_w ,bank1 has successfully let employees help pick "s ( ! comput] ge> ! bank 0 us+4 ,b>ry didn't set out to exp]im5t4 ,he j decid$ t giv+ ! work]s a /rong voice w\ld be ! mo/ logical way4 ,x happ5$1 among o!r places1 9 ! (fices ( ! ,ea/]n ,african region at ! bank's ,d4,c4 headqu>t]s4 8,we _h a few ^w-process+ ma*9es10 ,b>ry said1 8& !re 7 a few ^w-process+ c5t]s ar\nd ! bank :]e we c\ld g if we want$ some?+ done1 b ess5tially we 7 />t+ out f z]o40 ,! (fice includ$ two hundr$ pr(essionals & "o hundr$ secret>ies & o!r cl]ical work]s1 & ,b>ry's task =ce repres5t$ !m 9 sev]al ways4 ,"o 0 by job function2 l5d+ (fic]s 7 !re z well z ^? ov]see+ ! exi/+ projects4 ,p also came f diff]5t p>ts ( ! (fice's bureaucracy1 f diff]5t c\ntries1 &1 obvi\sly1 f diff]5t job levels--ev]yone f secret>ies to division *iefs4 ,b>ry didn't g out ( 8 way to pamp] cl]ical work]s 9 p>ticul>4 ,he simply felt t l any o!r bank employees1 !y %\ld decide :at tools !y ne$$ to get ! job done4 ,secret>ies1 f> f be+ anticomput]1 ask$ = equipm5t to r$uce repetitive typ+4 ,manag]s s\ght fa/ ^w process+1 9 diff]5t languages1 :i* complicat$ keybo>d requirem5ts4 ,! secret>ies !mselves want$ t]m9als ) ^: keybo>ds & scre5s !y'd be happy4 ,9 a microcomput] in/allation )\t sep>ate t]m9als1 ( c\rse1 !re may be less *oice4 ,x took a ye> = ! task =ce to l9e up ! equipm5t1 & wisely ! actual equipm5t %opp+ came la/4 ,in/ead1 ! task =ce focus$ on :at *>act]i/ics x want$ ! ge> to h4 ,!n x le>n$ :at 0 available--h[ products comp>$ to ! ideal sy/em )9 budget4 ,z a result1 ! ,ea/]n ,african region end$ up ) good1 %>p comput] scre5s1 ergonomic furniture f ! v />t1 & a light+ sy/em fit = comput] "w4 ,& ,b>ry says ! teamwork help$ promote 444 444 ,good ,job ,design ,a fri5d ( m9e1 a mid-level manag]1 0 almo/ salivat+ ov] ! economies ( comput]iz$ ^w process+4 8,y "k :at ,i'd d80 he said ( an (fice :]e he'd work$4 8,i'd take out j ab\t all ! secret>ies & dump !m into a c5tral (fice4 ,i'd r$uce _! sal>ies4 ,!y'd be do+ less dem&+ "w & %\ld be paid less40 ,he wasn't an ogre4 ,he 0 reflect+ ! ?9k+ ( a good _m mod]n manag]s4 ,x makes s5se1 doesn't x1 turn+ (fices into factories1 :i*1 inde$1 might run tw5ty-f\r h\rs a day1 to make ! be/ use ( equipm5t8 ,well1 n q4 ,9 fact1 n at all4 ,nor %\ld y try obnoxi\s gimmicks l comput]iz$ pac+4 ,!y're all ?reats to good job design1 :i* is no?+ m ?an s5sibly decid+ :at ea* job includes & h[ ! employee does x4 ,consid] typ+ pools--er1 c5traliz$ ^w-process+ op]ations4 ,if n pass1 !y at lea/ des]ve to be2 mo/1 anyway4 ,employees' sal>ies keep ris+1 ev5 ) sl[$-d[n inflation1 :ile ! price ( comput]s is fall+4 ,by ! end ( ?is decade an av]age work]'s sal>y may exce$ #bj1jjj annually4 ,& yet micros & d$icat$ ^w processors w easily co/ less ?an sev]al ?\s& doll>s4 ,ev5 n[1 = a typical bus9ess1 ,b>ry says1 c5traliz$ ^w process+ simply doesn't pay2 x te>s ! employee away f 8 or h] boss & h>ms ! manag]s' own "w4 ,executives mu/ vie ) o!r (fices ( a company = ! ^w processors' "t4 ,!y c't ef=tlessly set _! own priorities4 ,& quality is m ( a problem1 too1 because1 z ,b>ry notes1 8someone 9 c5traliz$ ^w process+ won't normally get hell = n cat*+ an error4 ,i expect my secret>y to *all5ge any?+ %e's n c]ta9 ab\t4 ,= in/ance1 my secret>y w come 9 & say1 #8,y left su*-&-su* p]son (f ! li/ ( p receiv+ ! memo4' ,:i* matt]s4 ,(t5 :o a memo goes to matt]s z mu* z :at's 9 ! memo40 ,& :at ab\t ! "q ( kn[+ :i* calls to put ?r\gh to ! boss8 ,ar\nd ! "t ,b>ry & ,i talk$1 he 0 obsess$ ) a pap] project+ ! ,_w ,bank's (fice ne$s = ! next tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,he didn't h to tell 8 secret>y ( ! importance ( any call ab\t ! pap]4 ,%e knew4 ,= %e'd be5 help+ him put x toge!r4 8,x isn't a "q anymore ( ! effici5t use ( ! ma*9es10 ,b>ry says 9 recomm5d+ ! traditional secret>y ov] ! pool arrangem5t4 8,x's effective use ( ! p4 ,x's l ! phone4 ,ev5 if p use ! phone j twice a day = bus9ess1 we /ill give !m _! own4 ,we don't put all ! phones 9 "o room1 d we80 ,y may disagree ) ,b>ry & /ill insi/ t c5tral ^w process+ is ! mo/ effici5t use ( bo? equipm5t & p2 & maybe y\r company's size1 economics1 or policy w all[ no?+ else4 ,b if s1 be prep>$ = m job compla9ts4 ,%ut (f f ! outside _w1 p]haps 9 a w9d[less1 poorly v5tilat$ room1 ! pool memb]s may feel l ,dick5sian factory h&s4 ,& ! clau/rophobia may n j be physical4 ,) no "o ar\nd b o!rs 9 drudge jobs & _! imm$iate sup]visors1 ! work]s feel cut (f f *ances = advancem5t4 ,!y become obsess$ ) _! imm$iate surr\nd+s & may be m apt to notice %ortcom+s ( _! equipm5t4 8,y look at /udies ( typ+ pools10 says ,wat]s1 8& y'll f9d !y may actually get 9 ! way ( productivity4 ,m work]s hate _! jobs1 & !y're m likely to dislike _! equipm5t1 feel backa*es1 o!r pa9s40 ,he says t sick leave1 des]v$ly or n1 may increase4 ,a gray-hair$ ^w processor 9 ,manhattan said %e dislik$ ev5 8clu/]s10 :i* 7 small] & presumably m pleasant ?an a giant typ+ pool 9 a back room4 ,%e miss$ ! 8pretty cozy relation%ip0 %e enjoy$ z secret>y to "o executive4#ce ,footnote #ce3 ,! mat]ial on ! ,manhattan ^w processor comes f ,b>b>a ,g>son's article 9 ,"m ,jones magaz9e1 ,july #aiha1 p4 #cb4 8,he might s5d me upt[n to return a bl\se t didn't fit 8 wife4 ,s he c\ldn't v well tell me n to make p]sonal calls4 ,n t ,i /ay$ on ! phone all day4 ,my job 0 to get 8 "w out1 :i* includ$ /ay+ late if ,i _h to4 ,he appreciat$ me4 ,& ,i expect$ to /ay ) him till he retir$40 ,respond+ to consultants' recomm5dations1 h[ev]1 h] company "o day (f]$ h] ?ree *oices4 ,%e c\ld "w z a m]e adm9i/rative assi/ant1 jo9 a ^w-process+ op]ation1 or quit4 ,s %e =sook ! famili> typewrit] = a ,wang4 8,ah10 %e reflect$1 8:5 ,i ?9k ( ^? ye>s ( correction tape1 :ite-out1 retyp+60 ,!n1 cont9u+ h] rem>ks to writ] ,b>b>a ,g>son1 %e add$3 8,i want y to take ?is d[n3 ,i love my ,wang4 ,x's n ! ma*9e t gave me ! %aft40 ,:at1 !n1 did8 8,/raight typ+1 sev5 h\rs a day10 said ! ^w processor4 8,t's ! %aft40 ,l ,b>ry1 %e criticiz$ ! quality ( "w f ^w-process+ pools--or ! lack ( x4 8,! wor/ ?+10 %e said1 8is :5 ?+s come by me ) wrong spell+1 wrong in=mation4 ,sometimes ,i ?9k ,i %\ld correct x4 ,i did at fir/4 ,b t's n h[ !y judge me40 ,x's by ! numb] ( key/rokes4 8,s :y %\ld ,i take "t to correct _! "w8 ,& :y %\ld ,i /ay two m9utes pa/ lun* if !y're tim+ me t way80 ,mi*ael ,smi?1 h[ev]1 makes a good case = c>eful1 s5sitive monitor+4 8,managem5t w\ld be fooli%10 he said1 8if !y didn't monitor p]=mance4 ,x's :at y d ) ! monitor+ t c\nts4 ,if y use x 9 a negative way1 t hurts p]=mance4 ,x might improve x = a m9ute or a half h\r :ile y 7 wat*+ !m1 b x might hurt 9 ! long run40 ,he recomm5ds1 in/ead1 sy/ems t give ! work]s !mselves 8direct1 imm$iate fe$back4 ,! fa/] ! bett]40 ,joan's old insurance company1 %ortly aft] %e left 9 #aihb1 />t$ a monitor+ sy/em 9 (fices across ! c\ntry4 ,"s ( h] ex-colleagues f\nd x m palatable ?an a simple key/roke c\nt4 ,e six mon?s x adju/$ _! job levels & sal>ies4 ,& production--! numb] ( heal? claims process$--0 j #cj p]c5t 9 ! =mula4 ,accuracy 0 ano!r #cj4 ,! rema9d] ( ! =mula plugg$ 9 att5dance & sup]visors' obs]vations on job k & ! quality ( correspond5ce4 ,! employees w]5't j at ! m]cy ( a ma*9e4 8,x's a m equitable sy/em10 said a claims processor ^: sal>y leap$ f #bbj to m ?an #bhj a week4 ,/ill1 ! union claim$ t mo/ memb]s w]5't s well dispos$ to ! new sy/em4 ,t may or may n h be5 true4 ,j ! same1 ! claims processor qualifi$ h] own en?usiasm4 ,%e want$ fa/] fe$back f ! monitor+4 8,x w\ld be con/ructive10 %e said1 8if we got x at ! end ( ! day or ev5 weekly40 ,! woman1 too1 hop$ to "k ! exact ma? beh9d ! sal>y sy/em3 8,i've ask$ my manag] a numb] ( times4 ,%e said1 #8,y w\ldn't und]/& x4' ,i said1 #8,tell x to me1 & ,i w und]/& x4#80 ,big que/ions p]si/$4 ,0 ! insurance company1 = in/ance1 really cr$it+ h] extra = writ+ lett]s to doctors :o hav5't submitt$ diagnoses ) claims8 ,! company told h] t x 0--t x /ill paid to h&le su* cases4 ,b %e wasn't s sure4 ,managem5t1 %e claim$1 _h li$ on o!r matt]s4 ,ano!r work] said ! company did n audit en\gh =ms to disc\rage slip%od "w f high produc]s4 ,ev5 9 its fir/ few weeks1 ) ! normal />t-up wr9kles1 ! sy/em did %[ "s promise4 ,production 0 dramatically up4 8,if ,i 0 a manag] & my job 0 to get ! maximum am\nt ( "w out ( an employee10 said a claims processor1 a union memb]1 8yeah--9 t position ,i'd use x40 ,b %e worri$1 ju/ifiably1 ab\t h] own future4 8,maybe a p]son has be5 produc+ n9ety claims a day4 ,h[ mu* m c !y pu% !m8 ,!y c't pu% !m pa/ a hundr$1 s :at else is !re = !m to d8 8,!re ar5't _m promotion opportunities "h because sup]visors h be5 "h = ye>s & ye>s10 %e said4 ,& %e wond]$3 ,:at ab\t turnov]8 ,x 0 w9t] #aihb4 ,a depression or ne> depression 0 9 full sw+4 ,w\ld ! sy/em h work$ well 9 normal times8 ,moreov]1 h[ mu* ( a trade-(f exi/$ betwe5 ! claims processors' productivity & heal?8 ,,nio% /udi$ #acj occupations 9 ! #aigjs & f\nd t cl]ical work]s 7 second highe/ 9 illnesses l coron>y he>t disease4 ,also1 _m ( ! wom5 9 ,joan's =m] insurance (fice _h *ildr5 & blue-coll> husb&s1 & a ,massa*usetts /udy %[$ t wom5 9 su* families suff]$ ne>ly d\ble ! he>t-disease rate ( _! husb&s4 ,& 9 ,joan's (fice1 did heal? insurance claims--= h] c[ork]s' own ills--cancel out "s ( ! productivity increases8 ,moreov]1 h[ ab\t ! moral issue8 ,suppose ! monitor+ sy/em taxes ! employees' heal? = %ort-t]m ga9s2 isn't x almo/ ! same z if ! company 7 bel*+ c>c9og5s into ! air8 ,if y're work+ 9 a l[-level cl]ical job )\t control ov] y\r fate1 y're a good he>t-attack c&idate1 accord+ to ,r4 ,a4 ,k>asek1 a pr(essor at ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,indu/rial ,eng9e]+ & ,op]ations ,rese>* at ,columbia ,univ]sity4#cf ,he cites /udies %[+ t p 9 8/ra9 occupations0 may %[ twice z mu* 8def9ite & suspect$ myoc>dial inf>ction & ang9a pectoris40 ,footnote #cf3 ,see 8,job ,decision ,latitude1 ,job ,design1 & ,coron>y ,he>t ,disease10 by ,r4 ,a4 ,k>asek1 :o p>ticipat$ 9 a #aiha ,purdue ,univ]sity conf]5ce on job /ress4 ,! ,k>asek f9d+s appe>$ on pages #dh-ee ( ,ma*9e ,pac+ & ,occupation ,/ress1 a book publi%$ 9 #aiha by ,taylor ,francis ,limit$1 ,london4 ,9 ,k>asek's words1 8,job-design /rategies advocat+ limit$ skill usage & decision au?ority = ! majority ( ! work=ce appe> to be associat$ ) a ho/ ( undesirable1 un9t5d$ consequ5ces rang+ f skill "u-utilization 7& consequ5t productivity loss7 to increas$ risk ( coron>y he>t disease40 ,comput]iz$ pac+ c increase ! /ress & heal? risks4 ,smi? says x's r>ely if ev] ! answ] 9 :ite-coll> "w1 n ev5 mail sort+--no?+ 8involv+ lett]s1 lett]s1 & s on4 ,x doesn't improve effici5cy because !re are a lot ( errors40 ,pac+ isn't j monitor+1 aft] all4 ,! "w is electronically mov+ pa/ ! work] z if x's on a factory convey] belt4 ,?9k ( all ! lemons ,detroit put on ! road 9 its eag]ness = new production records4 8,) old] work]s ! error rate isn't z high10 ,smi? says ( :ite-coll> jobs pac$ by ma*9es4 8,maybe x has to d ) ! n]v\sness ( "y p4 ,old] work]s always report m job satisfaction4 ,!y become us$ to ! drudg]y4 ,x's a hell ( a way to put x1 b t's :at happ5s40 ,n t _m old] work]s love ma*9e pac+1 ei!r4 ,s1 9 a l>ge1 factorylike (fice1 :at's a happy compromise betwe5 lax discipl9e & me*aniz$ m>t9ets8 ,y might try p>ticipatory monitor+4 ,he> employees' sugge/ions = a fair monitor+ sy/em4 ,y ne$n't agree4 ,j li/54 ,y\r p may "k ( complications y w\ldn't consid] 9 arriv+ at y\r production goals2 & y may also get a bett] inkl+ ( h[ long x w take = p & ma*9es to adju/ to ea* o!r4 ,also1 sett+ goals1 keep rememb]+ t tasks v>y4 ,don't let y\r monitor+ sy/em p5alize p1 = in/ance1 :o fill out =ms m complicat$ ?an o!r work]s#84 ,keep y\r commitm5t to quality4 ,be will+ to give employees "s "t away f ardu\s "w at ! tube4 ,x's a good way to r$uce exp5sive errors4 ,& tube breaks might n co/ y t mu* 9 ! end4 ,c y1 = in/ance1 design y\r p's jobs to use !m fully :ile limit+ _! "t 9 front ( ! scre5s8 ,maybe y c't4 ,p]haps1 ) ?or\gh comput]ization1 !re ar5't _m (f-l9e jobs left4 ,b try4 ,maybe1 = in/ance1 "s data-entry cl]ks1 %[+ high motivation1 c "w "p "t 9 l[-level telephone sales4 ,! cl]ks won't feel s trapp$2 & y may discov] "s top-flight tal5t4 ,ask y\r employees = _! ideas4 ,:o says e tube break absolutely has to be a "w break8 ,plan1 h[ev]1 = breaks ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,,nio% favors breaks 8( at lea/ fifte5 m9utes e two h\rs0 = mod]ately heavy t]m9al "w & ! same breaks e h\r = work]s 9 ! mo/ dem&+1 repetitive tasks4 ,a ,briti% labor gr\p ev5 sugge/s /ructur+ ! workday s t p sp5d no m ?an half ( x at ! t]m9al4 ,y might *afe "u ^? re/rictions--_m ,am]ican companies w\ld--b don't sc(f at y\r own p's ideas on breaks z long z !y d ! "w4 ,"h aga91 ?9k ab\t ! ,can>y-9-!-,m9e ,!ory ( ,labor ,relations2 d n tune out ! compla9]s3 d n misplace ma*ismo4 ,t]m9al ,happ9ess ,9 ! ,d>k ,ages1 ! pre-,,vdt days ( newspap]+1 ,i work$ on a rickety manual typewrit]4 ,h[ ,i envi$ ,d>l5e at ! desk beh9d me6 ,i 0 a report]-feature writ]1 :ile %e 0 /uck ) gr9d+ out ,,tv li/+s & obits2 b ,irv+ ,leib[itz1 ! editor1 _h favor$ h] ) a ,selectric1 & ,i dem&$ to "k :y4 8,well10 ,leibo said1 8%e's a neat] typi/40 ,x matt]$4 ,d>l5e w\ld fe$ h] ,selectric copy to an optical "* read]1 :i* help$ conv]t ! typ+ to newspap] pr9t4 8,!re's ano!r reason1 too10 he said4 8,:at80 8,d>l5e has a l\si] job ?an y d10 said ,leibo1 himself a manual typewrit] us]1 8& j z mu* typ+ to d4 ,9 fact1 m40 ,budget+ = ,v,d,ts1 y might keep ,leibo's wisdom 9 m9d4 ,he gave out ! be/ equipm5t n to 8 high]-rank+ p b to ^? :o ne$$ x ! mo/4 ,i ?\ght ( ,leibo & ,d>l5e :5 ,i read ( ! ,grid ,compass executive comput] & its orig9al #aj1jjj price4 ,x might be a spl5did ma*9e1 b :at a wa/e ( money 9 _m cases4 ,! money in/ead might g to buy ! "r scre5s & keybo>ds = subord9ates4 ,s (t5 ! diff]5ce is j a few hundr$ doll>s1 if x exi/s at all4 ,don't give y\r employees a say 9 ! selection ( equipm5t & !n re/rict _! *oices ?r\gh unreasonable p5ny-p9*+4 ,if y c't d x ! "r way imm$iately1 maybe y %\ld wait be=e y comput]ize4 ,m9d y1 no t]m9al or micro is go+ to be ergonomically p]fect4 8,i'd flunk !m all10 said ,wat]s1 & he />t$ ) ! ,,dec ,,vt#ajj t]m9al he 0 us+ on 8 job at ! "t4 ,! display 0 pla91 old :ite on black1 n ! be/ ergonomically1 & x 0 too dim = _m (fices4 ,=tunately1 ! light+ 9 8 room 0 subdu$4 ,! t]m9al1 h[ev]1 _h o!r %ortcom+s--= in/ance1 ! lack ( simple knobs to adju/ ! scre5's brightness & contra/4 ,wat]s in/ead _h to control !m ) a s]ies ( key/rokes t he 0 always =gett+4 ,8 l\de/ groans1 ?\gh1 7 ov] ! numb]s pad to ! "r ( ! keybo>d4 8,i c\nt #a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i10 ,wat]s said4 8,i don't want any?+ :]e ,i c\nt #g-h-i-d-e-f-a-b-c40 ,t's h[ 8 numb]s pad 02 t's h[ my ma*9e's is2 t's 9 fact h[ mo/ comput] pads are4 8,well10 ,i ask$1 8isn't t j l a calculator's80 8,b10 said ,wat]s1 8isn't x a little confus+ to swit* back & =? betwe5 t arrangem5t & ! numb]s ( a telephone8 ,:i* are 9 ! normal num]ical ord]40#cg ,footnote #cg3 ,be=e ,bell adopt$ ! /&>d t\*-phone numb]s pad1 x did a /udy %[+ ! sup]iority ( ! #a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i arrangem5t4 ,! /udy _h /rong f9ancial motivations4 ,aft] all1 ! m wrong numb]s p dial$1 ! great] w\ld be ! co/ to ! phone company1 s9ce ,bell at ! "t probably wasn't *>g+ anyone = wrong numb]s4 ,y may disagree ) ,wat]s1 b 8 message comes ?r\gh4 ,ev5 ergonomics exp]ts c't always end up 9 front ( ! t]m9al ( _! dreams4 ,:at y & y\r p want1 h[ev]1 is a s5sible compromise4 ,ideally1 r ?an simply seek+ ! bigge/ disc\nt ?r\gh ! mo/ massive pur*ase1 y'll rememb] t diff]5t p ne$ diff]5t t]m9als4 ,y may 9 fact save money t way4 ,an executive :o hates to type1 = in/ance1 & :o doesn't h to1 won't ne$ ! same keybo>d z a data-entry cl]k4 ,x /ill %\ld be a good bo>d 9 case he *anges 8 m9d1 b x ne$n't be ! mo/ exp5sive4 ,) a ,_w ,bank-/yle selection committee1 y'll be m s5sitive to ! ne$s ( diff]5t (fices1 diff]5t levels ( employee4 ,enc\rage "s committee memb]s to sp5d at lea/ two or ?ree h\rs ) ! equipm5t y're plann+ to buy2 !y may *ange _! m9ds lat]--b t's bett] ?an no try\t at all4 ,te/+ my ,kaypro at deal]s1 ,i wrote te/ lett]s1 compos$ sample articles1 & tri$ z closely z ,i c\ld to duplicate my r\t9e4 ,impress$ by ! l[ price ( ! ,osborne #a1 ,i gave ! little keybo>d e b5efit ( ! d\bt4 ,& yet1 ev5 aft] sev]al h\rs1 ,i simply c\ld n adju/4 8,j a matt] ( op]ator retra9+0 0 h[ "o saleswoman put x aft] ,i compla9$ t ,i kept hitt+ ! return :5 ,i want$ a quote m>k4 ,& yet ,i wasn't ab\t to gamble #a1hjj on a ma*9e ) a keybo>d ,i might =ev] hate4 ,ergonomically1 ,i _h an advantage3 ,i 0 buy+ j = myself4 ,b a selection committee1 made up ( diff]5t k9ds ( prospective us]s--cl]ks & executives alike--is ! next be/ ?+ to a lone cu/om] %opp+ ) only himself 9 m9d4 ,avoid+ ! ,,hal syndrome1 y\r committee %\ld consid]1 among o!r ?+s1 ! foll[+3 ,,! ,,scre5 ,= heavy-duty view+1 a t]m9al or comput] %\ld h at lea/ a n9e-in* scre5 & ideally a twelve in*]4 ,i emphasize ! words 8heavy-duty40 ,an executive us+ a t]m9al half an h\r a week obvi\sly has ne$s diff]5t f a cl]k do+ t$i\s data-entry "w mo/ ( ! day4 ,ev5 ! executive1 h[ev]1 %\ld h a scre5 big en\gh = unexpect$ly long sessions 9 front ( ! tube4 ,on ! o!r h&1 suppose a bank tell] mu/ view j a few columns ( numb]s e n[ & !n2 he may nev] ne$ a scre5 bigg] ?an a few in*es4 ,too l>ge a scre51 9 fact1 ev5 9 heavy-duty "w1 may expose "o to gl>y reflections4 ,size pref]5ces c be quirky4 ,i'll make d = ! mom5t ) ! ,kaypro's n9e in*es1 b ,i w\ldn't m9d a bigg] scre52 ano!r writ] once said he'd l to hook up ! same model to a tw5ty-"o-in* monitor4 ,! next basic is ! color4 ,! two sexes h some:at diff]5t ta/es4 ,m51 says ,john van ,raalte1 an ,,rca sci5ti/1 are less s5sitive to colors 9 ! r$di%-orange range ?an are wom54 ,t doesn't mean1 h[ev]1 t1 z a rule1 wom5 %\ld automatically h r$di%-orange monitors4 ,= m5 & wom5 ! optimum range ( light s5sitivity is usually amb] or gre54 ,com=t is high 9 ^? ranges1 too1 at lea/ = mo/ p4#ch ,footnote #ch3 ,= obs]vations on ! m]its ( v>i\s colors1 see ,ergonomic ,aspects ( ,visual ,display ,t]m9als1 edit$ by ,eti5ne ,gr&jean & ,e4 ,vigliani & publi%$ by ,taylor ,francis ,limit$1 ,london1 #aihb4 ,amb] scre5s are popul> 9 ,europe1 :]e "o /udy %[$ a l[] error rate comp>$ to gre5 & o!r /ati/ics said m us]s lik$ amb]4 ,am]ican comput] magaz9es h brea?lessly prais$ amb]4 ,x's z if !y 7 fa%ion publications ?rill$ by ! late/ f abroad4 ,b "s ,u4,s4 exp]ts "q ! controls 9 at lea/ "o proamb] /udy--= example1 ! numb] ( volunte]s1 few] ?an two doz54 ,& ,bruce ,rupp ( ,,ibm po9ts out t x's h>d] to produce a /eady1 flick]less image ) amb] ?an ) gre54 ,:at's m1 an executive ) a company plann+ to sell amb] t]m9als said scre5s ( t color burn$ out fa/] ?an did gre5 ones4 ,mean:ile1 ,,nio% says d>k *>act]s aga9/ a /able :ite backgr\nd are especially promis+2 & ,eti5ne ,gr&jean1 a lead+ ergonomi/ ) _m admir]s 9 ! labor movem5t "h & 9 ,europe1 agrees4 ,p]haps !re's a less j>r+ transition :5 y\r eyes move betwe5 ! scre5 & ! pr9t$ mat]ial y may be work+ )4 ,x s\nds logical en\gh1 & 9 fact t's :at ! ,mac9to% & _m o!r comput]s use4 ,t's also ! display /yle ,i saw 9 ! ,newspap] ,guild (fices 9 ,wa%+ton4 8,d y see any flick]80 ask$ ,david ,eis51 ! guild's rese>* director1 :o1 9 ! labor movem5t1 is "o ( ! be/-in=m$ p on ,v,d,ts4 ,i /udi$ ! :ite backgr\nd4 8,! little l9es10 ,i said1 8seem to be roll+ into ea* o!r40#ci ,footnote #ci3 ,if y don't want l9es on a ,,crt to seem to be roll+ into ea* o!r :5 y#8re us+ a bright backgr\nd1 y %\ld worry ab\t some?+ call$ a refre% rate4 ,t's ! numb] ( times ! picture 8repa9ts0 itself on ! scre54 ,eti5ne ,gr&jean1 ! prom95t ,swiss exp]t on ,v,d,ts1 recomm5ds a rate ( at lea/ #hj cycles a second2 o!rs say x ne$n't be s high4 ,! ,x]ox #hfj's rate is #gj cycles1 accord+ to ,david ,eis51 & t's bett] ?an av]age4 ,/ill1 ,i notic$ ! roll1 anyway4 ,9 a lett] to me 9 ,janu>y #aihc ,gr&jean also recomm5d$ a sl[ phosphor = use ) ! :ite backgr\nd4 ,t means ! images w\ld take long] to vani% f ! scre5 ?an !y w\ld o!rwise--r$uc+ ! p]ceiv$ flick]4 ,! ma*9e's regul> op]ator also saw ! roll b said ! scre5 0 com=table1 anyway4 ,! ,guild ma*9e1 moreov]1 a ,x]ox #hfj1 _h ! ability to rev]t to :ite lett]s aga9/ a black backgr\nd1 :i* w\ld h elim9at$ ! roll+4 ,w\ld t all scre5s be z v]satile1 especially ^? us$ 9 _m tasks or by p ) diff]5t ta/es4 ,no matt] :at ! task1 h[ev]1 don't get caught up 9 t]m9al fa%ion4 ,/ress ! basics4 ,are ! *>act]s1 = in/ance1 %ap$ well8 ,h[ big8 ,at lea/ 4#ab in* & pref]ably 4#af8 ,is ! dot matrix at lea/ sev5 by n9e8 ,h>ry ,snyd] at ,virg9ia ,polyte*nic ,in/itute f\nd t sev5-by-n9e matrixes produc$ 8significantly few] errors0 ?an :5 subjects work$ ) ^? t 7 five-by-sev54 ,if y c't f9d ! in=mation 9 a ma*9e's lit]ature1 y might use a magnify+ glass to c\nt ! numb] ( dots mak+ up ! maximum wid?s & heights ( ! *>act]s4 ,try+ ! l>ge 8,n0 & sev]al m lett]s on my ,kay pro1 ,i le>n$ t dot matrix 0 a m]e five by sev5--! b>e m9imum = light use2 = a writ] x c\ld be bett]4 ,y might also back (f tw5ty in*es to see if ! dots m]ge almo/ completely into ! lett]s & numb]s4 ,eis5 sugge/s look+ = flaws l 8flick]1 "* blurr+ at ! edges ( ! scre51 & adequate space betwe5 ! *>act]s & l9es40#dj ,eis5 obvi\sly is look+ at ,v,d,ts f ! viewpo9t ( ! union memb]s4 ,b unioni/s' desire = com=t & ease ( use (t5 w ov]lap ) employ]s' desire = maximum productivity4 ,woe unto ! employ] :o doesn't take advantage ( ! ov]lap4 ,9 fact1 ,eis5's obs]vations "h on keybo>ds & scre5s are )9 ! ergonomics ma9/ream & %\ldn't be dismiss$ because ( 8 affiliations4 ,footnote #dj3 ,eis5's advice on ,v,d,ts c be f\nd 9 ! booklet ,humaniz+ ! ,,vdt ,workplace3 ,a ,heal? ,manual = ,local ,(fic]s & ,/ew>ds1 publi%$ jo9tly by ! ,newspap] ,guild & ! ,int]national ,typographical ,union 7! price is #a4ej f ! ,guild1 at #aabe #ae? ,/41 ,n4,w41 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #bjjje74 8,! two ?+s y mu/ rememb]10 sums up ,wat]s1 8are legibility & com=t4 ,y may ?9k at fir/ t a five-by-sev5 matrix is f9e4 ,b aft] six mon?s y\r eyes may say1 #8,no1 ,no6'--& y may get heada*es & feel y ne$ new glasses4 ,actually1 y simply may ne$ a bett] scre54 ,y've j got to consid] h[ (t51 long1 & int5sely y'll be look+ at ! tube40 ,:5 %opp+ ar\nd1 y also %\ld ask1 8,h[ _m lett]s & numb]s--h[ _m columns--c fill ! scre580 ,= ^w process+ y'll normally want at lea/ #hj columns across1 ! /&>d4 ,"s scre5s1 l t ( ! ,victor #ijjj microcomput]1 c display #acb1 :i* c be j ! ticket = spread%eet aficionados ) ! "r s(tw>e4 ,y'll also want to "k if y c highlight select$ p>ts ( ! scre51 = in/ance1 categories ( in=mation /a%$ away 9 ! comput]4 ,y might use rev]se video--a light backgr\nd & d>k *>act]s if y\r normal backgr\nd is d>k--to keep track ( columns %[+ names & addresses4 ,n int]e/$ 9 phone numb]s8 ,!n ^? columns = ! mom5t w\ld be ! normal light-d>k comb9ation4 ,9 ^w process+1 rev]se video c\ld %[ y ! blocks ( texts t y plann$ to move or erase or und]l9e4 ,two o!r am5ities--m ?an am5ities1 9 fact--w\ld be easily rea*able & adju/able controls = *ang+ brightness & contra/4 ,! ,kaypro lacks a contra/ control1 mu* to my *agr94 ,at lea/ ,i c adju/ brightness--a 8mu/0 normally & "o /ill 8mu/i]0 = p us+ antigl>e filt]s1 :i* r$uce light f ! scre54 ,keep ?9k+ :at y or o!rs w mo/ use ! comput] =4 ,color graphics8 ,f9e4 ,b y\r multicolor monitor won't display *>act]s z %>ply z a black-&-:ite or mono*rome scre5 w\ld1 & ! scre5s might lose _! crispness fa/] & add to ! eye/ra9 ( heavy ^w process+4 ,"o-color scre5s1 !n1 w\ld be be/ = typical writ]s & secret>ies4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y're an executive or cl]k work+ ) _m figures alongside ea* o!r1 ! color monitor might help y & y\r eyes keep ! numb]s ap>t4 ,might4 ,"s p may object to color except = graphics4 ,two k9ds ( color monitors are common4 ,! composite monitor is te*nically m l a home ,,tv ?an ! ,,rgb or 8r$_/gre5_/blue0 k9d4 ,x's *eap]4 ,b colors blur into ea* o!r m ?an ) ! latt] type4 ,:atev] monitor y buy1 keep ! scre5 clean4 ,& don't be surpris$ if1 9 a ye> or s1 ! *>act]s />t look+ a little fuzzy4 ,h>ry ,snyd]1 a lead+ exp]t on ! ergonomics ( monitors1 says ! half-life ( a tube 9 heavy use is normally ab\t a ye>4 ,don't /9t on replacem5ts & jack up y\r p's error rates4 ,,! ,,keybo>d ,rememb] ,raquel toil+ at a keybo>d atta*$ to h] comput]8 ,maybe %e's happy4 ,%e may h a well-built back1 a graceful1 flexible neck1 wri/s t don't quit1 or simply a body compatible ) h] ma*9e & furniture4 ,b ,i /ill "q ! atta*$ bo>d = mo/ p4 ,unless ,raquel sp5t _m h\rs on ! ma*9e be=e buy+ x1 %e might n h kn[n if %e'd be com=table4 ,! m "t y sp5d at a keybo>d1 ! m likely y#8ll end up ) ! "r "o4 ,te/ keybo>ds ?or\ghly4 ,if y#8re buy+ sev]al doz51 y or a /aff] might sp5d a good ?ree or f\r h\rs ) ! ma*9e y're ab\t to pur*ase4 ,a diff]5ce ( j #aj p]c5t or s 9 ! numb] ( key/rokes p] h\r p] op]ator c\ld mean ?\s&s ( doll>s annually to y\r bus9ess4 ,ev5 if y're buy+ a ma*9e j = y\r own use1 y %\ld /ill put 9 a good half h\r *eck+ out ! keybo>d4 ,t's true ) any comput]4 ,b ! odds are /ack$ aga9/ y if y buy "o ) an atta*$ bo>d4 ,9 ,norway1 9 effect1 comput] keybo>ds by law mu/ be deta*able1 & 9 ,g]many (ficial /&>ds require !m 9 mo/ cases 7an exception exi/s =1 among o!r ?+s1 limit$-use portables ) built-9 scre5s & keybo>ds74#da ,increas+ly1 union p "h are rais+ ! issue--& q ju/ifiably1 consid]+ ! feel+ ( mo/ ergonomics exp]ts4 ,deta*able keybo>ds1 9 fact1 7 "o ( ! issues ov] :i* a ,cali=nia union /ruck ! local ,blue ,cross-,blue ,%ield organization4 ,footnote #da3 ,! ,g]man requirem5t = deta*able keybo>ds appe>s 9 p>agraph #d4c4a ( ,/&>d ,,zh#a_/fah ( 8,safety ,regulations = ,display ,workplaces 9 ! ,(fice ,sector10 z releas$ by ! ,trade ,coop]ative ,association1 ,c5tral ,(fice = ,accid5t ,prev5tion & ,indu/rial ,m$ic9e4 8,well10 y ask1 8:at ab\t keybo>ds on infrequ5tly us$ ma*9es80 ,y might1 h[ev]1 end up us+ ! keybo>d m (t5 ?an y expect$4 ,s play x safe4 ,make all bo>ds deta*able4 ,x won't co/ t mu* m4 ,also1 keep ! cords at lea/ f\r feet long4 ,& un/rap ! keybo>ds f ! ,v,d,ts 9 ! fir/ place--:i* s\nds insult+ly elem5t>y1 except t ,i've he>d ( an abs5tm9d$ company t1 until a labor dispute1 _h =gott5 to d s4 ,also1 don't let ! be/ keybo>ds become /atus symbols 9 rev]se4 ,a well-mean+ b wrong executive on ! ,we/ ,coa/ brags he does n h a t]m9al ) ev5 a good bo>d4 ,he's a fa/ typi/ b ?9ks he c\ld sp5d 8 "t bett] giv+ dictation4 8,an executive typ+10 he says1 8is l hir+ a bra9 surgeon to give out pills = a sore ?roat4 ,if y're pay+ him #ej1jjj a ye>1 :y %\ld he d a #bj1jjj job two h\rs a day80 ,mo/ executives w\ld agree4 ,b ?is is rapidly *ang+2 m & m executives are tapp+ out spread%eets & ev5tually w d _! own ^w process+4 ,!y may bat out r\gh drafts on comput]s or ^w processors1 !n h secret>ies :ip ! docum5ts into %ape electronically )\t hav+ to retype all ( !m4 ,besides1 y c le>n typ+ at any age4 ,& y ne$n't be an excell5t typi/ = comput]s to help y2 inde$1 ) mi/akes easi] to zap1 ! wor/ typi/s w pr(it ! mo/4 ,take a ,m>yl& ar*itect-consultant nam$ ,jess ,mc,ilvain4 ,be=e he got an ,,ibm ,,pc1 he j c\ldn't write or type at l5g?--worry+ t ! result 8look$ l ! cat _h walk$ ov] x40 ,two ye>s lat] he 0 crank+ out reports sev]al hundr$ pages long4#db ,footnote #db3 ,! ,mc,ilvain example comes f ,,pc ,magaz9e1 ,may #bi1 #aihd4 ,! new bre$ ( manag]s1 ( c\rse1 may feel at home on ! keybo>d f day "o4 ,"s colleges ev5 n[ require /ud5ts to buy comput]s1 _m ( :i* !y'll almo/ c]ta9ly use = ^w process+4 ,:at's m1 z y'll read 9 ,*apt] #aa1 executive keybo>ds c ease ! transition 9 ! future to telecommut+4 ,s don't impose y\r own "w habits on a junior executive ) fa/ f+]s4 ,:y %\ldn't he or %e h a deluxe keybo>d if x helps him s]ve y\r company bett]8 ,& y y\rself %\ldn't feel awkw>d ) at lea/ a good bo>d = quick memos4 ,my/]i\sly1 ,,ibm =sook ! ,selectric tradition 9 design+ ! keybo>d ( its orig9al ,p]sonal ,comput]1 :]e ! left %ift key1 oddly1 isn't imm$iately next to ! 8,z40 ,! deviation left "s comput] magaz9e editors flabb]ga/$4 ,companies ev5 />t$ mak+ keybo>ds = ! ,,pc--at sev]al hundr$ doll>s apiece--t reta9$ ! traditional lay\t4 8,!y're n l normal keys10 my consultant fri5d ,mi*ael ,canyes compla9$ ( ! ones on ! ,,pc itself4 8,!y click on & (f l swit*es4 8,a good key10 he said1 8gets /iff] z y press d[n4 ,b ! ,,ibm's are ei!r up or d[n40 ,"s cynics h a !ory4 ,maybe ,,ibm didn't want ! ,,pc to /eal too _m cu/om]s away f ! ,displaywrit] co/+ sev]al ?\s& doll>s m4 ,yes1 keybo>ds are a matt] ( ta/e1 & unlike ,mi*ael1 ,i c /oma* ! swit*like tactile fe$back4 ,b ! %ift location is inexcusable4 ,,ibm 9 effect admitt$ its go(2 ! ,,ibm ,,at1 a m p[]ful c\s9 ( ! ,,ibm ,,pc & ,,xt1 appe>$ ) a mu*-improv$ keybo>d4 ,at lea/ ! orig9al ,,ibm ,,pc's keybo>d surpass$ t ( ! t9y1 *iclet keys on ! fir/ ,,pc,jrs4 ,reluctantly--aft] sales 7 flagg+--,,ibm replac$ ! *iclet-/yle bo>ds ) m conv5tional ones4 ,pity u 8us]s40 ,ev5 t]m9als int5d$ = ma9frames & m9is c be turkeys4 ,i actually favor my ,kaypro bo>d ov] a t]m9al--f ,digital ,equipm5t ,corporation--:i* ,wat]s once 0 us+ ) a big m9i at "w4 ,blame ! old-/yle programm]s :o didn't gr[ up ) ^w process+4 8,mo/ c't type l a secret>y10 says ,canyes1 8s ! manufactur]s (t5 skimp on ! t\*40 ,& isn't x /range8 ,y c buy an electric typewrit] ) adju/able t\* = #bjj b n get x 9 a comput] co/+ fifty times z mu*4 ,i ask$ ,david ,eis5 :y he hadn't rais$ ! t\* issue4 ,w\ldn't bad keybo>d mat*es hurt productivity8 8,t's m ! companies' problem10 he said4 8,we're m worri$ ab\t heal?40 ,he c't recall a flood ( compla9ts f ,guild memb]s ab\t keybo>ds ) ! wrong t\*4 ,union p1 h[ev]1 h talk$ ab\t ano!r *ange1 flat keybo>ds1 n[ popul> 9 ,europe4 ,! tops ( ,u4,s4 bo>ds commonly slant at fifte5 degrees4 ,& ,wat]s tells ( an exp]im5t :]e1 giv5 ! ability to *ange ! angle1 mo/ p>ticipants settl$ = ! fifte5-degree "o4 ,a caveat1 h[ev]1 is 9 ord]4 ,maybe ! p ultimately w\ld h done bett] ) a flat bo>d & pl5ty ( practice on x4 ,p]haps y want an adju/able bo>d4 ,b = me1 anyway1 x won't matt] z mu* z t\*4 ,ano!r issue is ! ,,qw]ty keybo>d v]sus ! m mod]n lay\ts4 8,,qw]ty0 means ! fir/ six lett]s f\nd on ! bo>ds ( ne>ly all ,am]ican comput]s & typewrit]s4 ,x's a n9ete5?-c5tury legacy--a bad "o4 ,! e>ly typewrit]s c\ldn't keep up ) ! nimbl] typi/s1 s ! ma*9es' design]s ?w>t$ ! humans4 ,,qw]ty isn't alphabetical1 x doesn't br+ toge!r commonly us$ lett]s l 8t10 8h10 & 8e10 nor does x use f+] muscles prop]ly4 ,! ,dvorak bo>d & o!r latecom]s %\ld "w bett]4 ,9 practice1 ?\gh1 !y might confuse typi/s1 s "h's a solution4 ,let u old-fa%ion$ p ,,qw]ty away4 ,b ?9k ab\t buy+ ma*9es y c swit* ov] = p tra9$ on m effici5t lay\ts4 ,a program l ,sm>tkey--:i* electronically *anges ! keybo>d--might be ! answ] if y also relabel keys on ma*9es us$ by ,dvorak typi/s4 ,! ,apple ,,ii7c7 ev5 has a swit* on ! top ( ! ma*9e to g f ,,qw]ty to ,dvorak4 ,"s say ! ,dvorak improvem5t is dramatic4 ,wat]s isn't s sure4 ,he says "s /udies h indicat$ t ! ,dvorak bo>d (f]s z little z a #e p]c5t increase 9 spe$ & little r$uction ( errors4 8,s 9 ! end10 says ,wat]s1 8mo/ p 9 ! indu/ry h decid$ n to t9k] ) ! key arrangem5t40 ,no matt] h[ !y're arrang$1 y\r keys %\ldn't be %9y2 a matte surface is good4 ,s are neutral colors r ?an black & :ite1 except1 says ,eis51 = function keys4 ,my ,kaypro s9s4 ,its keys1 l ^? on ,digital ,equipm5t's ,,vt#ajj1 are a gleam+ black1 :i*1 h[ev]1 doesn't matt] t mu* to me1 s9ce ,i c control my light+ & normally don't look d[n at ! bo>d :5 ,i'm typ+4 7,"s o!r ,kaypros h black matte keys47 ,function keys--! ones t let ! op]ator delete a ^w or add a p>agraph ) a s+le t\*--%\ld ideally be a diff]5t color f ! ma9 keybo>d's4 ,! same = numb] pads4 ,! function keys if possible %\ld h labels indicat+ _! purpose4 ,if n1 a *>t ne> ! function keys might %[1 = in/ance1 t 8,p#a0 8,deletes ,^w40 ,"s p1 h[ev]1 say t function keys really sl[ y d[n1 t !y make y take y\r f+]s (f ! ma9 keybo>d4 ,i basically agree4 ,! same w\ld hold true = ! use ( ,mac9to%-/yle mice4 ,,special ,,ergonomic ,,features ,a dream ,,vdt tilts4 ,x swivels4 ,x c move up & d[n on a p$e/al4 ,x helps y avoid back /ra91 /iff necks1 gl>e1 & heada*es4 ,x adju/s1 s y don't h to4 ,a good ,,vdt c help comp5sate some:at if y lack 444 ,good ,furniture 8,p w adapt v nicely to automation10 an ,,ibm (ficial once said1 8if _! arms are brok51 & we're 9 ! twi/+ /age n[40 ,t 0 9 #aige4 ,s9ce !n1 h[ev]1 9 a lit]al way1 "s comput] mak]s h be5 g5tl] ) p's arms--& wri/s & backs4 ,a v>iety ( good comput] furniture exi/s n[1 "s 9 walnut1 "s 9 =mica4 ,) all ! trimm+s1 y c v>y3 #a4 ,! heights ( ! keybo>d & ( ! comput] or t]m9al4 #b4 ,h[ f> ! keybo>d plat=m protrudes f ! plat=m on :i* ! comput] re/s4 #c4 ,! tilt ( ! comput]--a useful gl>e-r$uc+ feature4 #d4 ,! angle at :i* ! scre5 faces y4 ,y c swivel away to y\r he>t's cont5t to suit y\r po/ure or cut back on gl>e4 #e4 ,! height ( y\r *air4 ,y don't ( c\rse ne$ high-te* furniture to d t--j common s5se4 ,= a comput] op]ator1 says ,david ,eis5 ( ! ,newspap] ,guild1 a /raight-back *air c become 8a ticket to ! or?op$ic w>d40 ,y might also %op = a palm re/ &1 if y're %ort1 a leg re/4 ,an easellike copy hold] c\ld help z well4 ,& s c en\gh desk surface1 %elves1 or file cab9ets = y\r pap]work4 ,:y buy a deta*able keybo>d if y c't move x ar\nd because y\r desk is too clutt]$8 ,jon ,ryburg1 an ergonomics exp]t ) ! ,facility ,managem5t ,in/itute1 a ,mi*igan ?9k tank own$ by ,h]man ,mill] furniture1 says comput] ge> may take up z mu* z #dj p]c5t ( a desktop4 ,& yet does ! space requirem5t = pap]work decl9e by t p]c5tage8 ,h>dly4 ,s unless y enjoy see+ *airs us$ z desks1 y'd bett] plan y\r furniture well4 ,n t all improvisation is bad1 especially if y're a pr(essional or small bus9essman work+ at home4 ,my ,kaypro1 = in/ance1 re/s atop an old c>ton f a toy /ore1 & ,i've b\ght "s little gray legs1 ! color ( ! case1 to tilt ! scre5 back4 ,t takes c>e ( my ergonomics4 ,( c\rse1 my requirem5ts 9 ?is case ar5't ! same z ^? ( a company ) doz5s ( ,,vdt us]s4 ,joan's old sup]visor at ! insurance company might sc[l at ?is haywire1 b s f> ,i'm com=table4 ,i w\ld be mu* less casual ab\t buy+ furniture = o!rs4 ,= example1 ,i'd make c]ta9 t ! *airs & tables w\ld be n j adju/able b easily s--& und]/&ably s4 ,ev5 an ,,ibm salesman c\ldn't puzzle out all ! ways to adju/ ! ergonomic furniture on :i* a ,displaywrit] sat4 ,despite su* a flaw1 h[ev]1 special comput] furniture isn't j a frill4 ,an ergonomic desk & *air might co/ sev]al hundr$ doll>s m ?an an ord9>y set--ev5 a less]-kn[n br& may--b y\r furniture c\ld be good = a decade4 ,& j a #e p]c5t increase 9 a cl]ic's productivity may pay back ! extra inve/m5t 9 less ?an two ye>s4 ,at ! lea/1 buy an adju/able *air &1 ideally1 a table ( v>iable height4 8,a v %ort woman10 argues ,bob ,wat]s1 8may sit ) h] eyes almo/ a foot clos] to ! floor ?an a six-foot-two-in* man's40 ,! home-r[ keys on ! keybo>d--! r[ includ+ ! lett]s ,a1 ,s1 ,d1 & s on--c\ld be tw5ty-n9e or ?irty in*es above ! floor 9 a typical case4#dc ,o!r measurem5ts8 ,upp] scre5-eye di/ance3 #ag to #ai in*es4 ,c5t] ( ! scre53 #aj-bj degrees bel[ ! horizontal plane ( ! op]ator's eyes4 ,angle betwe5 upp] & l[] arms3 betwe5 #hj & #abj degrees4 ,wri/ angle3 #aj degrees or less4 ,! keybo>d is at or bel[ elb[ height1 & ! table all[s en\gh room = y\r legs4 ,footnote #dc3 ,! advice on keybo>d height is f ,milit>y ,/&>d #adgb;,c1 ,human ,eng9e]+ ,design ,crit]ia = ,milit>y ,sy/ems ,equipm5t & ,facilities1 publi%$ by ! army 9 ,may #aiha & summ>iz$ 9 ! ,july #aihb ,popul> ,comput+4 ,y\r goal1 ( c\rse1 isn't to make anyone fit ! *>ts %[+ av]age di/ances4 ,x's j to keep p productive & com=table4 ,above all1 :5 %opp+ ar\nd to d ?is1 be skeptical4 8,a lot ( s-call$ ergonomic ?+s10 says ,wat]s1 8ar5't ergonomic at all40 ,he grimaces :5 he sees #cjj wood5 tables ) fix$-level plat=ms = comput] monitors4 ,!y're an exp5sive way to /ra9 y\r neck4 8,! normal l9e ( sight = human be+s is fifte5 degrees bel[ horizontal10 ,wat]s says4 8,p normally look slightly d[n ev5 :5 !y hold _! heads up40 ,ne$less to say1 y & y\r neck w come out ahead if1 us+ an old ,apple ,,ii1 y don't set ! monitor atop disk drives re/+ on ! comput]4 ,ignore ! ads %[+ ?is compact pile4 ,_! purpose is to sell comput]s1 n save necks4 ,light+ ,bright fluoresc5ts are to comput] us]s' eyes :at a drip1 drip1 drip1 is to ! =eheads ( ,*9ese wat]-torture victims4 ,!y're rude1 p]si/5t di/ractions4 ,& z ) ! wat] torture1 ! fluoresc5ts' victims may be captives ( sorts4 ,h[ _m p c dictate ! light+ 9 _! companies' (fices8 ,_m4 ,b n all4 ,s ! lett]s & numb]s on _! scre5s1 ! facts !y ne$ to d _! jobs1 may compete ) ! gl>e beam$ (f ! glass4 ,:at's m1 ! culprit ne$n't be j ! fluoresc5ts t light s _m ,am]ican (fices4 8,! w9d[ ) sun%9e /ream+ 9 may /ill be a psy*ologically gratify+ l9k ) ! outside _w10 says ,eis51 8b x spells pla9 eye/ra9 & p]haps heada*e = e ,,vdt op]ator )9 range ( ! gl>e40 ,ev5 brightly pa9t$ walls c s9 "h4 ,s c glossy pap]4 ,9 fact1 any pap] is bad 9 "o ov]-p[]+ way4 ,! prop] light+ level = pap]work is mu* high] ?an = comput] "w4 ,& yet mo/ comput] op]ators h yet to see ! mu*-t\t$ pap]less (fice4 ,h[ d y keep eyes com=table ) bo? pap] & comput] scre5s8 ,"h are "s possible solutions to ! light+ problem3 #a4 ,remov+ half ! tubes f exi/+ fluoresc5t fixtures4 ,y'll want1 h[ev]1 to make c]ta9 t "s areas ( ! room ar5't /ill ov]lit :ile o!rs are light />v$4 ,be skeptical4 ,?is is ! mis]'s solution4 ,if y c get away ) x1 f9e4 ,b don't c\nt on x4 ,rememb]1 ! wom5 at ! insurance company 9 ,new ,york say !y /ill suff]$ gl>e aft]w>d4 #b4 ,p>abolic fluoresc5t fixtures ) baffles to keep ! light out ( ! places :]e x c cause gl>e4 #c4 ,p>aw$ge l\v]s1 :i*1 accord+ to ,eis51 8h be5 p>ticul>ly effective on a numb] ( newspap]s40 ,small pla/ic cells turn light d[nw>d1 s t1 ideally1 y c b>ely notice x at desks j a few feet f ! "o y're illum9at+4 8,light %\ld be cut (f10 ,eis5 sugge/s1 8outside a l9e emanat+ at a =ty-five-degree angle f ! fixture40 #d4 ,desk & floor lamps4 ,y might buy rheo/ats y c plug 9 betwe5 !m & ! outlet to adju/ ! light level4 ,& be c>eful o!rwise4 ,%ield y\r lamps s !y don't gl>e (f ne>by comput] scre5s4 ,prop]ly us$1 h[ev]1 !y c\ld be a gods5d = p do+ bo? comput] "w & pap]work4 #e4 ,indirect light+4 ,! disadvantage is ! exp5se4 ,y may h to repa9t walls & ceil+s & pay = a consultant to select ! "r tones4 ,moreov]1 indirect light+ may be h>d to in/all 9 rooms ) ceil+s l[] ?an n9e feet4 ,us$ well1 h[ev]1 ?is is "o ( ! be/ solutions4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ?9k ab\t a light+ level betwe5 #cjj & #ejj lux--betwe5 #cb & #ec footc&les4 ,a lux tells h[ mu* light is hitt+ a c]ta9 area1 & #i4e lux w\ld equal #a footc&le4 ,= r\gh measurem5ts y might borr[ a good lightmet] f a photograph]4 ,don't aim directly at ! light4 ,sample1 in/ead1 desk & comput] surfaces1 among o!rs1 ?\gh n ! scre5s !mselves4 ,= m detail$ measurem5ts & advice1 hire a consultant or call y\r /ate labor dep>tm5t4 ,make c]ta9 y#8re 9 t\* ) ! consult+ r ?an ! en=cem5t bran*4 ,yes1 any contact ) (ficialdom has its risks4 ,b !y're l[ "h4 ,& y're /r5g!n+ y\r h& 9 labor relations by docum5t+ y\r conc]n = y\r work]s' eyes4 ,9 fact1 be=e y place y\r ord] = light+1 ask if y\r suppli] c run a te/ 9 y\r (fice4 ,or c y at lea/ visit (fices us+ ! product8 ,also1 all along1 worry ab\t gl>e z well z light+ levels4 ,y might try ! mirror te/ sugge/$ by a vet]an ergonomics exp]t4 ,place a mirror ov] ! face ( a comput] scre54 ,!n y c see :]e ! gl>e is com+ f--:i* w9d[1 :i* lamp2 = all y "k1 ! s\rce c\ld be a brightly color$ pa9t+ or a glass$-9 pr9t4 ,try to rid y\r (fice ( gl>e in/ead ( us+ a filt]4 8,i believe 9 avoid+ a brok5 arm r ?an putt+ a spl9t on x aft]w>d10 says ,h>ry ,snyd]4 ,if y ne$ a filt]1 h[ev]1 "h are possibilities3 #a4 ,coat+s or et*+ appli$ dur+ manufacture ( ! video displays4 ,!y ne$n't h>m ! view+ quality noticeably4 #b4 ,coat+s put on aft] manufacture4 ,g5]ally1 b n always1 !y don't "w out4 #c4 8,color$ pla/ic panels & et*$ faceplates10 :i*1 says ,eis51 8h su* damag+ effect on brightness & cl>ity ( ! *>act]s t !y %\ld be avoid$40 #d4 ,microme% filt]s1 favor$ by ,g]man ergonomi/s4 ,eis5 says ,u4,s4 op9ion ( !m 8is mix$4 ,!y d a good job ( r$uc+ reflections1 b ! me% makes = a re/rict$ view+ angle1 absorbs "s ( ! light f ! display1 & scatt]s "s ( ! re/1 degrad+ ! image40 #e4 ,pol>iz+ filt]s4 ,!y may r$uce brightness & %ort5 tube life1 s9ce y mu/ crank up ! tube to comp5sate2 at #ajj or m1 !y are m exp5sive ?an ! o!r add-ons4 ,b !y give y a bett] image ?an o!r filt]s4 ,! contra/ especially c be impressive4 ,noise ,r$uction ,don't j buy ! fa/e/1 ! *eape/1 pr9t]4 ,look = "o ) good mann]s t[>d ! humans ne>by--a quiet pr9t]4 ,a daisy :eel c be a real (f5d]4 ,:at m c y expect ( a ma*9e ) a metal hamm] con/antly /rik+ away8 ,& dot-matrix pr9t]s (t5 make a high]-pit*$ s\nd t m]cilessly cuts ?r\gh walls4 ,s ask y\r pr9t] suppli] = noise figures if y ?9k ?is w be a problem4 ,milit>y /&>ds say t = "w ne$+ heavy conc5tration--9 areas l libr>ies & conf]5ce rooms--! s\nd level mu/ be no m ?an #de decibels on ! d,b7,a7 scale1 :i* all[s = s5sitivity ( ! e> at v>i\s s\nd pit*es4 ,o!rwise1 aim = a level less ?an #fe decibels4 ,y may be able to r5t ! necess>y met] f a sci5tific in/rum5t /ore4 ,measure ! s\nd f ! di/ance someone's head w\ld be :5 he 0 work+4 ,"h aga91 y might ask ! suppli] = a look-see at an exi/+ in/allation4 ,put y\r pr9t]s if necess>y inside padd$ wood5 boxes2 c>pet2 drape walls2 in/all s\nd-muffl+ panels on ceil+s & walls1 p]haps4 ,! less e*oey & factorylike y\r (fice is1 ! m productive x w be4 ,air ,condition+1 ,heat1 ,& ,v5tilation ,ar\nd ! fir/ week ( ,janu>y #aihc1 :5 ,"t honor$ ! comput] z ! 8,ma*9e ( ! ,ye>10 a ,comm]ce ,dep>tm5t comput] ungratefully /opp$ work+ & delay$ ! release ( an important gov]nm5t report4 ,! report$ cause 0 no?+ m ?an a dehumidifi] motor out ( :ack2 p]haps ! room got too moi/ = ! comput] s5sor4 ,if s1 ,i wasn't surpris$4 ,comput]s & relat$ ma*9]y c sometimes be quirky ab\t _! surr\nd+s4 ,my old ,&]son ,jacobson daisy:eel pr9t]1 lat] sold1 w\ldn't run unless ! room temp]ature 0 above fifty degrees4 ,s9ce ,i 0 com=table at sev5ty degrees1 ,i oblig$ ! ,,aj4 ,9 our att5tiv5ess to ma*9]y1 h[ev]1 let's n =get ! p ne>by4 8,y c see ! heat waft+ out ! backs ( our ,v,d,ts10 said a woman ) ! nor!a/]n insurance (fice--& yet ! firm didn't turn up ! air condition+4 8,:at might happ510 said ,wat]s ab\t a hot insurance (fice1 8is ! ov]heat$ comput]s may g d[n & !y'll pay out extra money1 anyway40 ,look inside a ,,vdt & y'll v likely f9d an orange gl[ 9 ! neck ( ! tube4 ,! heat !re may be no m ?an a light bulb's1 b on a hot day1 ) m ?an "o ma*9e 9 ! same room1 y'll want y\r air condition+ to be up to ! job4 ,at ! same "t1 hav+ a room too cool--ev5 9 j a few places--c h>m productivity4 ,an employee 9 ! insurance (fice said h] c[ork]s1 :5 n us+ ! t]m9als1 sometimes wore gloves4 ,z = bad v5tilation1 x1 too1 c j9x production & add to sick leave1 & 9 rec5t ye>s1 especially1 x's be5 a problem1 z companies tight5$ up _! build+s to save en]gy4 ,p 9 high-pac$ jobs or ^? requir+ conc5tration may suff] ! mo/4 ,heal?y ,hone/y ,:5 ,laura ,moore 0 pregnant1 %e nei!r smok$ nor drank--n ev5 c(fee4 ,%e did1 h[ev]1 op]ate a comput] t]m9al = a telephone company 9 ,r5ton1 ,wa%+ton1 ne> ,seattle1 & %e 0 "o ( ?ree ,,vdt op]ators !re ) problem pregnancies )9 a ye> & "o-half4#dd ,footnote #dd3 ,! facts ( ! ,r5ton1 ,wa%+ton case come f ,laurie ,g>rett's ,national ,public ,radio int]view ) ,laura ,moore1 :i* air$ ,augu/ #ab1 #aihb4 ,laura ,moore1 aft] n9ete5 h\rs ( labor1 gave bir? to a son ) a bir? defect call$ sp9a bifida4 8,we didn't see x at fir/10 %e said4 8,we saw a l>g] head & a foot t 0 a little odd & di/ort$4 ,b :5 ! nurse pick$ him up1 !n we saw ?is huge op5+ 9 8 back1 :i* is a sp9a bifida40 ,laura 0 8deva/at$4 ,j deva/at$4 ,we--,i w5t ?r\gh a sev]e depression aft]w>d40 ,moore is j "o ( _m p worri$ ab\t ,v,d,ts4 ,9 ,massa*usetts a pregnant j\rnali/1 fe>+ radiation1 wore a lead$ apron4 7,a lead$ apron's weight on ! "m might itself h>m an unborn *ild47 ,at ! ,new ,york ,times two "y editors develop$ cat>acts & fil$ = work]s comp5sation1 blam+ _! comput] scre5s4 8,we've he>d ( cases ( ev]y?+ f bad dreams ( comput]s *as+ p to psy*ic di/ress :]e p h attacks ( depression10 says ,mi*ael ,smi?1 ! ex-,,nio% man4 8,b x c't be l9k$ specifically to ! ,,vdt40 ,& yet ,,nio% z ( ?is writ+ 0 cont9u+ safety /udies4 8,we might f9d t x has no?+ to d ) ! video tubes10 ,smi? says ( problem pregnancies among t]m9al op]ators4 8,x c\ld be "p ( ! circuitry4444 ,x may be f job /ress40 ,mean:ile1 prov5 problems--l eye/ra9--b$evil m5 & wom5 on ! tube4 ,:5 #a1bcf secret>ies & ^w process+-op]ators repli$ to a survey done = a major disk-mak]1 almo/ #gj p]c5t worri$ ab\t pot5tial heal? complication4 ,"s #fc p]c5t told ( eye/ra91 & #cf p]c5t report$ backa*es4 ,almo/ #hj p]c5t want$ bett] light+ & m "t to re/ _! eyes4 ,s1 reg>dless ( h[ y\r equipm5t suppli] v\*es = y\r comput]s' safety1 keep two facts 9 m9d3 #a4 ,!re is a possibility1 extra-slim1 b /ill !re1 t l[-frequ5cy radiation f comput]s c s]i\sly ?reat5 ! heal? ( work]s l ,laura ,moore & _! unborn *ildr54 #b4 ,m m9or physical & m5tal problems f comput]s def9itely d exi/4 ,y & y\r p1 h[ev]1 c ei!r ov]come !m or at lea/ live ) !m4 ,don't %rug ! problems (f4 ,if y d1 y'll only ru9 y\r cr$ibility :5 y & y\r employees discuss radiation & o!r possible haz>ds4 ,mo/ p1 h[ev]1 accept ! inevitability ( comput]ization4 ,employees usually "k y ne$ y\r ma*9es to keep up ) y\r competitors4 ,s d unions4 ,!y h comput]s ( _! own4 ,! major labor-managem5t issues ar5't ov] :e!r to comput]ize3 !y're ov] h[ to be safe & humane ab\t x4 ,& (t51 by agree+ to reque/s l ^? = eye exam9ations1 y'll be help+ y\r company along ) ! work]s4 ,"h is a summ>y ( exp]t ?9k+ ab\t actual & possible heal? ?reats ( comput]s3 ,,radiation ,c\ld l[-frequ5cy radiation f ,v,d,ts inde$ endang] ! unborn8 ,or might x cause cat>acts8 ,& :at ab\t x-rays8 ,a comput] us] sits mu* clos] to ! scre5 ?an mo/ ,,tv-wat*]s d2 might ?is increase ! dang]8 ,aft] all1 a typical comput]1 l a ,,tv1 uses a ca?ode ray tube ) a high-voltage *>ge4 ,an electron gun fires ^! subatomic p>ticles t[>d ! phosphor coat+ on y\r scre54 ,t[>d y1 9 o!r words4 ,w\ldn't x-rays creat$ by ?is process be dang]\s8 ,well1 ?r[ away y\r #ej lead-impregnat$ acrylic %ield6 ,exp]ts feel t x-ray are a nonissue "h4 ,! x-rays ar5't /rong en\gh2 besides1 !re's too mu* lead$ glass 9 ! comput] scre5 itself = y to suff] h>m4 ,i'd worry m ab\t ! *emicals 9 my typewrit] clean+ fluid ?an ab\t x-rays f my gre5 scre54 ,!n aga91 "s respect$ sci5ti/s wond] ab\t l[-frequ5cy radiation giv5 (f by comput] monitors4 ,until rese>*]s c absolve comput]s ( blame 9 cases l ,laura ,moore's1 ! ,,vdt safety issue w rema9 legitimate4 8,! wild c>ds 9 ! ,,vdt debate are ! elev5 clu/]s ( problem pregnancies & misc>riages among wom5 :o "w on or ne>by ,v,d,ts10 says ,l\is ,sles91 editor ( ,micr[ave ,news & publi%] ( ! si/] publication ,,vdt ,news4#de ,"s comput] indu/ry spokesm5 & f$]al (ficials ?9k ! clu/]s %[ up by *ance4 ,sles91 h[ev]1 :ile not+ t ! 8normal0 misc>riage rate 9 ! ,u4,s4 is almo/ #bj p]c5t1 says3 8,! incid5ce ( bir? defects is h>d] to acc\nt =40 ,& he says simil> clu/]s hav5't popp$ up among wom5 tapp+ away on typewrit]s4 ,footnote #de3 ,! ,sles9 quotes come f 8 article 9 ,columbia ,j\rnalism ,review1 ,novemb] #aihd4 ,! ,review correctly says ,sles9's newslett] 8has tak5 no sides 9 ! ,,vdt /ory :ile keep+ up ) all relevant developm5ts40 ,x appe>s mon?ly4 ,! ,micr[ave ,news's address is ,p4,o4 ,box #agii1 ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation1 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 #ajafc4 ,subscriptions are #bjj a ye>4 ,,vdt ,news1 a bimon?ly1 co/s #db a ye>4 ,^! clu/]s--f\nd 9 widely scatt]$ (fices 9 ! ,u4,s4 & ,canada--may result f causes o!r ?an radiation4 ,"s ,,vdt op]ators feel less 9 control ( _! jobs ?an d traditional typi/s2 & a remote possibility exi/s t ?is additional /ress c\ld take its toll on ! unborn *ildr54 ,sles9 says fe> ( ,v,d,ts may itself increase ! /ress--a ,cat*-#bb if ev] "o exi/$4 ,seek+ a def9itive answ] on ! bir?-defect & misc>riage que/ions1 ,,nio% 9 #aihd 0 plann+ a /udy ( ab\t #e1jjj pregnancies 9 a two-ye> p]iod4 ,p]haps "o-half ( ! wom5 w\ld use t]m9als4 ,& ! /udy w\ld tell if !y _h m misc>riages & *ildr5 ) bir? defects ?an did ! o!r mo!rs4 ,x w\ld n p9po9t ! cause1 h[ev]--ju/ification = fur!r /udy4 ,a possible culprit "h is v l[ frequ5cy 7,,vlf7 radiation f ! flyback trans=m]4 ,! trans=m] :ips ! ca?ode ray tube's electron beams f "o side to ! o!r ( ! phosphor-coat$ scre51 !n back aga94 ,typically a flyback trans=m] gives (f radiation pulses at ! rate ( ab\t #af1jjj cycles a second1 f> bel[ ! ,,am radio broadca/ b&--h5ce1 ! t]m ,,vlf4 ,c\ld pulses at ?is frequ5cy h biological effects8 ,we don't "k ab\t ,,vlf4 ,b a ,spani% sci5ti/ nam$ ,jose ,delgado says ev5 v weak pulses ( extremely l[-frequ5cy radiation 7,,elf71 ! t]m = bel[ #cjj cycles a second1 h damag$ *ick embryos4 ,"s au?orities "q ! 8,delgado effect02 /ill1 sci5ti/s 9 bo? ! ,u4,s4 & ,europe are und]tak+ simil> exp]im5ts4 ,try+ to gauge ! possible risks f ,,elf1 rese>*]s may face c]ta9 te*nical complexities4 ,"s sci5ti/s talk ab\t 8w9d[s0 ( p[] & frequ5cy4 ,j a slightly l[] or high] frequ5cy1 = in/ance1 might mean ! diff]5ce betwe5 safety & dang] = expectant mo!rs4 ,l x or n1 ! jury is /ill out on ! l[ frequ5cy issue1 & "s companies may want to protect !mselves legally--j 9 case--by transf]r+ pregnant wom5 f ,v,d,ts4 ,ideally y'd coord9ate ?is policy ) ^? reg>d+ mat]nity leaves & o!r heal? b5efits2 !n a woman w\ld feel free to tell y imm$iately ab\t h] pregnancy in/ead ( disguis+ x = z long z possible4 ,ev5 if radio frequ5cy radiation is a culprit1 !re is "s hope4 ,sles9 notes t ! flyback trans=m] is on ! side or back ( a comput] monitor r ?an 9 ! front ne> ! op]ator4 ,t isn't ! be/ news = someone sitt+ ne> ! flyback trans=m] ( a c[ork]'s ma*9e1 b p]haps ! ,,vlf ?reat isn't s great to someone )\t any o!r ,v,d,ts ne>by4 8,) ! "r (fice lay\t10 says ,m>k ,p9sky1 editor ( ,,vdt ,news1 8y might be able to greatly r$uce exposure to ,v,l,fs fields4 ,& obvi\sly ! risk to home comput] us]s might be less )\t ano!r ma*9e ar\nd40 ,al?\gh ,v,d,ts h yet to be prov5 free ( radiation risks1 please note t gr\ps l #i to #e & ! ,newspap] ,guild h be5 us+ at lea/ a few comput]s 9 _! (fices = sev]al ye>s4 ,don't lie to y\r p t !re's no?+ to worry ab\t2 d po9t out t ! risks are l[ en\gh to ju/ify comput]ization's b5efits4 8,c comput] scre5s cause cat>acts80 "s employees might also ask4 ,probably n4 ,a ,,nio% /udy at ! ,baltimore ,sun f\nd no great] numb] ( cat>acts among ,,vdt us]s ?an nonus]s 7al?\gh ! rese>*]s not$ t ! employees on ,v,d,ts av]ag$ less ?an f\r ye>s at ! tube--p]haps n long en\gh to suff] ! cat>acts74 ,to be sure1 /rong micr[ave radiation inde$ c lead to cat>acts4 ,b ,v,d,ts don't give (f micr[aves1 & no "o has sugge/$ t ,,elf & ,,vlf are responsible = cat>acts4 ,maybe !re are o!r causes4 ,reg>dless1 a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( p1 "s 9 _! #cjs or ev5 late #bjs1 w always develop cat>acts--:e!r or n !y "w 9 front ( a tube4 ,,back ,,& ,,muscul> ,,problems ,!y are common--because1 z m5tion$ e>li]1 "s t]m9als =ce y to *oose betwe5 ! be/ h&-keybo>d di/ance & ! optimal eye-scre5 "o4 ,& = ! mo/ "p1 ! pa9s are avoidable4 ,eti5ne ,gr&jean tells ( a /udy 9 :i* #aa p]c5t ( fifty-?ree p on data-entry t]m9als suff]$ neck problems2 #ae p]c5t1 %\ld] tr\bles2 #ae p]c5t1 problems 9 _! "r arms2 & #f p]c5t1 problems 9 _! "r h&s4 ,! /udy also includ$ fifty-five p 9 traditional (fice "w4 ,no m ?an #a p]c5t suff]$ neck1 %\ld]1 or "r arm pa9s1 & none _h problems ) ! "r h&4 ,olov ,o/b]g & ,ewa ,gunn>sson1 two o!r ,european ergonomics exp]ts1 likewise docum5t$ ! frequ5t muscul> pa9s f comput]-relat$ jobs4 ,!y f\nd t almo/ two-?irds ( "s fairly "y cl]ks ) a ,sc&9avian airl9e report$ su* problems4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,,nio%1 9 its #aiha report1 also said t]m9al us]s endur$ m muscul> & skeletal pa94 ,! outrage is t x's unnecess>y1 almo/ always1 n[ t ergonomic furniture & deta*able keybo>ds are on ! m>ket4 ,don't blame y\r p = _! pa94 ,buy truly ergonomic products4 ,& don't j buy = male executives or female typi/s1 especially 9 ?is age :5 m wom5 are work+4 ,,psy*ological ,,compla9ts ,,nio%'s #aiha report obs]v$ t ,,vdt op]ators %[$ dramatically m anxiety & depression ?an p n on ! tubes4 ,! rese>*]s qualifi$ _! f9d+1 h[ev]4 ,!y not$ t _m t]m9al op]ators 7 9 jobs m r\t9e ?an ^? ( ! non-,,vdt p1 increas+ psy*ological problems4 ,c\ld ! ma*9es !mselves1 h[ev]1 h made "s "w m r\t9e8 ,= me comput]s mean less typ+ & m writ+4 ,= a data-entry cl]k1 h[ev]1 !y may mean becom+ "p ( :at ,gr&jean calls 8a man-ma*9e-sy/em40 ,n all work]s object4 ,"s1 z ,gr&jean says1 8are pr\d to be includ$ 9 ! new "w ( mod]n te*nology40 ,b mo/ p w\ld /ill favor ! human t\*1 ) or )\t a comput]4 8,! comput]10 x's be5 said1 8is ! ultimate unsupportive boss40 ,a ,clevel& (fice work] obs]v$ t ano!r woman 0 8fa/ z ! w9d0 on a comput] keybo>d aft] t5 ye>s at x4 8,b10 said ! work]1 8x's really affect$ h] p]sonality4 ,i us$ to wond] if some?+ 0 wrong--%e _h no exub]ance4 ,once %e said to me1 #8,rose1 z soon z ,i sit d[n at t ma*9e 9 ! morn+1 ,i feel ,i'm go+ to cry4'0#df ,footnote #df3 ,! quote f ! ,clevel& (fice work] & f ! two examples imm$iately aft] x come f ,w>n+3 ,heal? ,haz>ds = ,(fice ,work]s1 publi%$ 9 #aiha by ! ,work+ ,wom5 ,education ,fund1 #abbd ,huron ,rd41 ,clevel&1 ,ohio #ddaae4 8,y "k10 said a work] at an acc\nt+ firm1 8:5 ! boss br+s new cli5ts ?r\gh ! (fice to %[ !m ar\nd1 he'll po9t "r to me work+ at ! ^w processor & say1 #8,"h we h our wond]ful new ,,lexitron1' & !n move "r on4 ,he doesn't bo!r to introduce me--j ! ma*9e60 ,mightn't he also h bragg$ ab\t ! op]ator8 ,c y dismiss h] z a :9]8 ,is x any surprise t on mo/ days ! woman & two colleagues suff]$ heada*es1 %aky h&s1 jitt]y /oma*s8 8,! place looks gorge\s10 said a work]1 8& t's :]e ! managem5t's priorities lie4 ,!y're n really z int]e/$ 9 effici5cy z !y are 9 us+ p up & pu%+ !m out ! back door40 ,accord+ to ,gr&jean1 psy*ological reactions to comput]s w diff] dep5d+ on3 ,! type ( "w4 ,! way ! job is organiz$4 ,! way x is introduc$4 ,v>i\s p]sonal attitudes4 ,to 8 li/ ,i w\ld add 8,surr\nd+s40 ,a newspap] in/all$ d>k blue panels1 six feet high1 ar\nd "s ,,vdt op]ators4 ,! d>k blue may h cut d[n ! gl>e1 b at a co/4 8,all we see is ! walls ar\nd u10 lam5t$ "o1 8& sometimes ! sup]visor4 ,! isolation is t]rible40 ,"s employees might welcome isolation at times1 especially a *ance to "w at home2 b "h managem5t seems to h unwitt+ly creat$ high-te* solit>y cells4 ,,eye/ra9 8,i wore glasses be=e ,i came 910 said a claims processor ) ! nor!a/]n insurance (fice m5tion$ e>li]1 8& n[ ,i ne$ a /rong] prescription4 ,& ,i c't ev5 read a book anymore4 ,be=e ,i us$ to enjoy read+10 %e told me1 8b n[ ,i c b>ely glance at newspap]s40 ,_m comput]-ergonomics exp]ts w\ld sc(f at ! idea t ! woman's "w is bl9d+ h]4 ,no "o has conv9c+ly %[n t ! t]m9als cause a p]man5t det]ioration 9 eyesight4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "s unc]ta9ty4 8,we don't "k10 said my oph?almologi/ :5 ,i ask$ dur+ an eye exam9ation ab\t long-t]m effects--& also :5 he prescrib$ new glasses4 ,mo/ ergonomics exp]ts w\ld be m reassur+4 ,!y w\ld say1 = in/ance1 t1 fir/1 p's eyes weak5 naturally z !y age1 & y c't automatically blame ! t]m9als4 ,second1 t]m9als place m dem&s on y\r eyes ?an read+ does4 ,v,d,ts1 h[ev]1 don't p]man5tly h>m eyes1 accord+ to a twelve-memb] panel ( ! pre/igi\s ,national ,rese>* ,c\ncil 7,,nrc7 :i* is connect$ ) ! ,national ,academies ( ,sci5ce & ,eng9e]+4 ,! ,,nrc /udy1 releas$ 9 #aihc1 said no evid5ce exi/$ t ,v,d,ts c\ld cause 8anatomical or physiological damage 444 to ! visual sy/em40 ,! panel felt t ! ,,vdt controv]sy %\ld be a productivity issue r ?an a heal? "o4 ,at ! v lea/1 h[ev]1 x's a com=t "o4 ,h>ry ,snyd]1 ! ,virg9ia ,polyte*nic ,in/itute exp]t1 9 #aihc said t ?ree-fif?s ( ,v,d,ts !n on sale 7 n ev5 reasonably com=table4 ,j consid]1 if no?+ else1 ! resultant productivity losses6 ,ev5 if ! comput] isn't p]man5tly bl9d+ ! nor!a/]n claims processor1 x's 9 a s5se %ort5+ h] life4 ,%e has less "t = ! read+ %e loves4 ,presumably1 %e w\ld agree ) ! f9d+s ( a ,,nio%-sponsor$ /udy ( ,san ,francisco cl]ical work]s4 ,n9ety-"o p]c5t ( ! ones on t]m9als report$ly compla9$ ( eye/ra91 :ile only #fj p]c5t ( ! nont]m9al us]s did4 ,h[ to reply to su* compla9ts8 ,foll[ ! light+ & gl>e sugge/ions outl9$ e>li] & consid] re/ breaks or alt]nat+ ,,vdt & non-,,vdt tasks4 ,& educate y\r work]s--ideally be=e y hire !m4 ,let !m "k y're do+ all y c to r$uce ! risks4 8,i h a selfi% int]e/ 9 ?is1 too1 y "k10 y c tell !m once !y're work+ = y4 8,! l\si] y\r eyes get1 ! m errors y'll make4 ,:i* hurts me40 ,!n h& !m c>ds ) a good oph?almologi/'s "n on x--or p]haps sev]al possibilities--& say3 8,make an appo9tm5t4 ,we'll pay = x40 ,:y %\ld a company inve/ ?\s&s or millions ( doll>s 9 comput] ma9t5ance )\t worry+ ab\t o!r "w tools--employees' eyes8 ,h new employees' eyes *eck$ 9 ^! ,,nio%-approv$ ways1 among o!rs1 dur+ ?or\gh exam9ations3 #a4 ,refraction #b4 ,accommodation #c4 ,acuity #d4 ,color vision function #e4 ,degree ( opacity ( ! l5s #f4 ,! possibility ( a deta*$ ret9a ,ye>ly1 ! doctor %\ld te/ = refraction1 acuity1 & accommodation4 ,make sure y\r heal? insurance cov]s bifocals & o!r glasses t y\r employees w\ldn't ne$ except = y\r ,,crt4 ,c,r,ts3 ,%\ld ,!y ,g ,d[n ! ,tube8 ,yes4 ,n imm$iately4 ,b soon] or lat]4 ,c,r,ts are h>d] on ! eye ?an ! bett] flat scre5s w ev5tually be1 & al?\gh sci5ti/s hav5't prov$ t ,c,r,ts are a radiation ?reat1 ! small possibility rema9s4 ,^! bulky antiques1 h[ev]1 h be5 to ! comput] e/abli%m5t :at gas guzzl]s 7 to ,detroit4 ,! ,,crt isn't ! mo/ promis+ k9d ( comput] scre5--j ! mo/ entr5*$4#dg ,footnote #dg3 ,in=mation on flat-scre5 displays comes f ,info,world1 ,may #g1 #aihd1 & o!r micro magaz9e articles2 ! ,wa%+ton ,po/ ( ,april #bi1 #aihd2 ,george ,weiss1 director ( comput] sy/ems /udies ) ,quantum ,sci5ce ,corp41 ,new ,york2 & ,k5ne? ,bosomwor?1 presid5t ( ,int]national ,res\rce ,developm5t1 ,inc41 a m>ket-rese>* firm 9 ,norwalk1 ,conn4 ,admitt$ly1 ,c,r,ts h improv$ to ! po9t :]e "s pocket-siz$ ,t,vs c use !m4 ,b 9 compactness & l[-p[] consumption1 ,c,r,ts w nev] rival ! flat-scre5 displays4 8,p w beg9 us+ flat-scre5 portables z regul> desktops10 a ,new ,york rese>*] correctly says4#dh ,flat-scre5 comput]s may n be z viewable n[ z ! be/ ,,crt displays1 b ?is may quickly *ange4 ,:at's m1 flat-scre5 ma*9es don't hog desks z ! ,kaypro ,,ii-/yle portables c4 ,aft] all1 ! flat scre5s are ess5tially--flat4 ,!y don't ne$ hefty trans=m]s1 moreov]1 & don't burn out l old vacuum tubes4 ,c,r,ts are vacuum tubes4 ,l[ voltage is /ill ano!r plus ( mo/ flat scre5s4 ,n t ,c,r,ts are normally a %ock haz>d1 b y'll presumably feel saf] if y didn't sit ne> a #bj1jjj-volt gizmo fl++ electrons ar\nd inside "s glass4 ,footnote #dh3 ,! 8p w beg9 us+0 quote is f a ,weiss int]view ) ,,usa ,today4 ,also1 z ,david ,la,grande1 an (ficial ) ! ,communications ,work]s ( ,am]ica notes1 flat scre5s may 8elim9ate ! radiation dang]1 r$uce ! risks = pregnant wom540 ,& unless y spray a flat display ) radioactive mat]ial1 x j won't give y canc]4 ,aga91 no "o's prov$ t ,c,r,ts w turn p's bodies into tumor f>ms4 ,b :y gamble8 ,y\r caution won't hurt labor relations4 ,flat scre5s1 also1 don't flick] tiresomely z _m ,c,r,ts d1 & som$ay !y may boa/ m fully =m$ images ?an ^? f ! ,c,r,ts4 ,s y might make few] errors read+ mat]ial f ! scre54 ,! ^w 8might0 is important4 ,_m liquid-cry/al displays--,,lcds1 l ! wri/wat* k9d--%[$ mu* crud] images 9 #aihd ?an did typical ,c,r,ts4 ,! brok5-up lett]s might bo!r y j l ^? f ! *eap dot-matrix pr9t]s4 ,also1 "s ,l,c,ds (f]$ horrid contra/ betwe5 ! scre5 backgr\nd & y\r typ+4 ,t 0 z ( late #aihd4 ,ev5 *eap ,l,c,ds 9 ! future c\ld d away ) ! breakup & contra/ problems4 ,already ! ,japanese are sell+ color ,t,vs ) ,l,c,ds4 ,p]fect$1 ,l,c,ds c\ld make comput]iz$ (fices bright] & *e]i]4 ,!y don't gl[4 ,r1 !y reflect light1 j l pap]1 s y ne$n't d>k5 ! (fice4 ,9 fact1 light helps4#di ,footnote #di3 ,= a rem9d] ( ! advantages ( ,l,c,ds 9 avoid+ a d>k (fice1 ,i'm grateful to ,b]t ,vor*heim]1 a corporate communications speciali/1 :o1 z a sidel9e1 wrote "s f>sight$ articles on (fice ergonomics4 ,& if ,l,c,ds don't fully pan out8 ,!re's yet ano!r *oice--electroph]etic scre5s1 :i* may (f] dec5t contra/ & ev5 beat ,c,r,ts' %>pness4 ,"h's ! !ory4 ,a magnetic *>ge pu%es t9y p>ticles to ! surface ( ! scre5s1 & patt]ns ( p>ticles =m images4 ,^! gizmos w tax y\r batt]y less ?an "s o!r flat-scre5 displays d4 ,& li/5 to ?is3 :5 y turn an electroph]etic (f1 x rememb]s4 ,! images on y\r scre5 don't vani%4 ,n[1 comb9e t wr9kle ) memory *ips t use next to no p[] & c be runn+ all ! "t4 ,& :at d y h8 ,a comput] t w automatically %ut (f )\t h>m if y didn't tap a key aft] a c]ta9 /ret* ( "t4 ,j l a calculator4 ,s--batt]y mak]s1 bew>e6 ,!re are /ill o!r alt]natives to ,c,r,ts4 ,"o is ! electrolum9esc5t scre5--us$ on ! ,grid ,compass portable--:i* gl[s & is %>p] ?an ! ,,lcd4 ,electrolum9esc5ts 9 #aihd1 h[ev]1 7 f> too exp5sive = ! av]age comput] buy]2 ! ,grid 0 sell+ = #d1bej1 & mu* ( t 0 ! co/ ( ! display4 ,a second fail+ ( electrolum9esc5t scre5s is t !y're electricity hungry4 ,y c't op]ate !m ) m9iature batt]ies4 ,ano!r ,,lcd alt]native is ! plasma panel1 :i* gl[s ) a gas mixture consi/+ ma9ly ( neon4 ,plasmas don't flick]4 ,! *>act]s are %>p2 ! contra/1 excell5t4 ,b backup circuitry has be5 exp5sive2 & ev5 small plasmas1 ) ! accompany+ electronics1 co/ sev]al ?\s& doll>s 9 #aihd--;a f> cry f a #aej ,,crt monitor4 ,to sum up1 ! ma9 advantages ( flat scre5s are _! lightness1 l[ p[] consumption 9 mo/ cases1 safety1 lack ( flick]1 & v likely a bett] view 9 ! long run4 ,z ( late #aihd ! trade-(fs 7at lea/ 9 ! case ( ,l,c,ds7 73 ,! brok5-up1 some:at fuzzy lett]s & ! l[ contra/ betwe5 !m & ! backgr\nd4 ,! ne$ to h ! display at j ! "r angle f y to get ! %>pe/ picture4 ,?is c\ld get 9 ! way if y 7 mov+ ! ,,lcd to r$uce gl>e4 ,! comp>atively sl[ spe$ ) :i* lett]s or numb]s appe>$ on an ,,lcd aft] y've typ$4 ,! g5]al lack ( full-siz$ #bd-l9e scre5s ) #hj columns4 ,! ,data ,g5]al portable debut$ ) #bd l9es & a scre5 measur+ #aa in*es diagonally--a welcome exception1 ev5 if ! quality ( ! *>act]s /ill wasn't good en\gh = heavy use4 ,s9ce _m flat scre5s 7 on portables1 !re 7 o!r ergonomic problems n relat$ to ! display te*nology p] se4 ,9 late #aihd1 mo/ flat-scre5 portables lack$ deta*able keybo>ds4 ,b ! limitations ( ,l,c,ds 7 ! ma9 problems4 ,a report] fri5d1 bang+ out /ories = 8 pap] at times 9 ! field1 told me he's surviv$ ! #dj-;column1 #h-l9e scre5 ( ! ,radio ,%ack ,model #ajj v well4 ,b ,i'm n surpris$4 ,he's also brook$ t clunky ,select s(tw>e1 :i* gets 9 ! way ( corrections & ins]tions4 ,g5e1 y see1 app>5tly kn[s :at he's go+ to write--he ne$n't wat* ! scre5 z mu*4 ,i wi% ,i 7 z decisive4 ,at any rate1 :at 0 "r = ,g5e w\ldn't necess>ily be "r = a cl]k :o'll be at ! keybo>d sev5 or eight h\rs a day4 ,no matt] :at h>dw>e & s(tw>e y end up )1 don't lose sight ( ?ree goals1 among o!rs3 #a4 ,gett+ ! mo/ "w out ( y\r p #b4 ,keep+ !m happy #c4 ,gu>d+ y\r electronic files ,sometimes1 alas1 ! easie/-to-use comput]s may be ! ones mo/ vuln]able to comput] crime & loss ( important in=mation--! subjects ( ! next *apt]4 ,backups3 ,,ix1 ,w9d[ ,%opp+1 page #cdc4 ,x1 ,( ,mice & ,m5--& ,t\* ,pads1 ,t\* ,scre5s ,etc41 page #cdf4 #aj ,jewels t ,blip ,! words h a na/y metallic r+1 z if to sugge/ helmet$ policem5 ) black jackets & billy clubs4 ,wat* out3 ! 8data security0 troop]s are at ! front door4 ,b a small bus9ess on ! ,ea/ ,coa/ n[adays wi%es x _h enjoy$ m 8data security40 ,a fire melt$ its comput] disks into pla/ic globs4 ,! firm j miss$ bankruptcy aft] los+ sev]al hundr$ ?\s& doll>s' wor? ( in=mation--ev]y?+ f acc\nts receivable to tax records4 ,scrambl+ to recov]1 salesm5 lean$ on cu/om]s = copies ( old bills4 ,arson8 ,maybe4 ,a disgruntl$ work] may h %ort-circuit$ "s tangl$ wir+4 ,pro( nev] came4 ,ei!r way1 h[ev]1 ! incid5t 0 a p[]ful argum5t = 8data security0--! "r k9d4 ,x's no?+ m ?an try+ to make sure t y\r comput] & its in=mation are safe4 ,?is isn't to advocate ov]kill4 ,don't ov]protect nonsecrets or facts t y c easily duplicate2 = in/ance1 in/ead ( buy+ co/ly firepro( cab9ets1 y might simply keep backup disks at ano!r location--p]haps a m secure approa*1 anyway4 ,:y1 h[ev]1 d ,i say 8try+0 to make y\r comput] & its in=mation 8safe08 ,an ex-hack]1 ,ian 78,capta9 ,zap07 ,murphy1 n[ a comput] security consultant1 wisely obs]ves3 8,y're safe f av]age crooks--!y don't envision a nice1 mild-mann]$ human be+ work+ at any?+ m ?an a s\p$-up typewrit]4 ,b y c nev]1 nev] be able to #ajj p]c5t secure a comput] sy/em4 ,ev5 ! mo/ tru/$ us] c\ld say1 #8,f-- ! damn payroll1' & de/roy y\r records40 ,b 9 ! be/ ( all worlds1 y\r electronic files are safe1 accurate1 & if ne$ be1 tamp]pro( & confid5tial4 ,! equipm5t is s\nd4 ,& s are y & o!rs work+ ) x4 ,y've %[n good judgm5t4 ,y're ideally safe n only f crooks b also y\r own blund]s4 ,y "k y (t5 c't keep pap] copies ( all y\r electronic jewels1 y\r treasur$ bus9ess files1 at lea/ n )\t giv+ up ! conv5i5ces ( comput]ization4 ,y h fai?1 !n1 t y\r gre5 scre51 at y\r comm&1 w display ! "r blips4 ,i'm /ret*+ ! mean+ ( ! ^w 8blips0 to emphasize ! transitory nature ( :at y see on ! scre54 ,)\t y\r /a%+ x away on a disk or o!rwise--& )\t y\r mak+ an electronic backup--x may be lo/ =ev]4 ,! unlucky own] ( ! ,ea/ ,coa/ company w nev] see 8 blips aga9 because he violat$ a major precept ( data security4 ,he /or$ 8 orig9al disks & 8 copies 9 ! same room--! "o ) ! fire4 8,! rem>k at all times 9 cases l ?is is #8,:y didn't ! deal] tell me8#80 says ,h>old ,joseph ,highl&1 a top comput] crime consultant & au?or ( ,protect ,y\r ,microcomput] ,sy/em 7,john ,wiley ,sons1 #aihd74 ,a /ore c only sell y a comput]1 n common s5se4 ,nor c ?is *apt] imp>t x to y4 ,x c1 h[ev]1 p\nd away at ! elem5ts ( data security--p1 policies1 h>dw>e1 & s(tw>e4 ,!y g toge!r1 ^! f\r4 ,& s d ! crim9al & noncrim9al p>ts ( data security4 ,if y've lo/ control ( y\r comput] files & don't "k :at's normal1 y'll h>dly notice ! abnormal4 ,y'll nev] ?w>t a comput]iz$ embezzl]1 = in/ance1 ) a gun4 ,y w ) good s(tw>e4 ,buy x & errors 9 y\r electronic files may leap out at y4 ,may4 ,rememb] ,canyes's ,law ( ,comput+3 8,soon] or lat] y'll feel l kill+ y\rself40 ,9 o!r places ,i've writt5 ab\t good s(tw>e & o!r mundane ways to make y\rself less suicidal4 ,& "h1 too1 y'll read ( ev]yday calamities l c(fee spill$ on floppy disks4 ,b ?is is also ! fun *apt]1 ! "o ) ! /ories ab\t errant :iz kids & a comput] crook :o suppos$ly /ole #h million & got away ) x4 ,ea* ( _! s9s met ,h>old ,joseph ,highl&'s def9ition ( a comput]-relat$ crime4 ,!y 7 8committ$ us+ a comput] z a tool40 8,9 o!r words10 expla9s ,highl&1 :o has taught comput] sci5ce at ! ,/ate ,univ]sity ( ,new ,york1 8y use ! comput] to get to f9ancial records4 ,or to get to s(tw>e if y're illegally copy+ s(tw>e40 ,e/imates ( ! size ( ! ?reat h rang$ f ! d\ble-digit millions up to ov] #e billion a ye>4 ,?is unc]ta9ty has sp>k$ a feud betwe5 ! iceb]g]s & "s comput] mak]s4 ,highl& is an iceb]g]4 ,he says t report$ comput]-relat$ crimes are 8j ! tip ( ! iceb]g10 t ! annual loot is at lea/ #gej million & m likely rea*es ! billions4 ,ano!r exp]t wrote a crime article liv5$ up ) a draw+ ( ! ,titanic4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,comput] & ,bus9ess ,equipm5t ,manufactur]s ,association pooh-poohs all b ! m cons]vative e/imates4 8,comput] crime is n n[1 nev] has be51 & nev] w be out ( control10 an association (ficial once said1 8unless security is completely ignor$4 ,& t is n go+ to happ540 8,if t's y\r op9ion1 sir10 c\nt]s ,capta9 ,zap1 ! comput] felon n[ work+ z a security consultant1 8:y are f\rte5-ye>-olds gett+ on def5se networks8 ,& :at ab\t adult crim9als do+ _! ?+ on banks80 ,also1 h[ ab\t comput] crimes aga9/ small bus9ess8 8,no "o's go+ to f9d out :y ,joe ,bl[ goes out ( bus9ess10 says ,k5 ,*urbuck1 a ,new ,hamp%ire lawy] & =m] comput] eng9e]1 :o believes t electronic crime may be ! d[nfall ( _m m small bus9essm5 ?an suppos$4 8,y ?9k ,joe ,bl[ c af=d an inve/igation8 ,y ?9k anyone else wants to autopsy ! corpse80 ,l>ge bus9ess or small1 h[ev]1 don't swe> (f comput]s & buy quill p5s = y\r acc\ntants4 ,y may or may n get robb$ electronically1 b y'll v possibly lose money if y *eat y\rself ( ! b5efits ( comput]ization4 ,al?\gh comput] crooks may be difficult qu>ry at times1 at lea/ y c console y\rself t !y're normally n g5iuses4 ,consid] a /ory f ,highl&4 ,! law caught up ) "o crook--presumably m kn[l$geable ab\t comput]s ?an banks--aft] he ask$ a tell] to ca% sev5 id5tically dat$ *ecks made out to him4 ,! embezzl] _h simply le>n$ h[ to take advantage ( a feature 9 ! *eck-pr9t+ program4 ,x all[$ *ecks to be repr9t$ 9 ! ev5t ( mi/akes2 only 8 /upidity (fset ?is programm+ error4 8,y don't h to be kn[l$geable10 ,highl& says4 8,y c be an absolute idiot & try a comput]-relat$ crime40 ,"s ( ! victims1 alas1 %[ _! own /reaks ( navet4 ,"o small bus9ess lo/ ?\s&s ( doll>s to a bookkeep] :o funnel$ x to relatives' firms via phony invoices4 ,su* crimes happ5 ) or )\t comput]s4 ,b ! company begg$ = tr\ble "h by reta9+ an acc\ntant old-fa%ion$ en\gh to h felt at home alongside ,scrooge & ,crat*itt4 ,comput]s baffl$ him b n ! embezzl]1 :o knew ( ?is vuln]ability4 ,executives at big corporations ne$n't be smug ab\t su* grass-roots examples4 ,_m l>ge companies1 = in/ance1 h r$uc$ ! crooks' risks 9 comput]iz$ crime by audit+ samples in/ead ( ev]y?+--pull+ "o hundr$ *ecks1 p]haps1 out ( a bat* ( f\r ?\s&4 ,! "y man try+ to ca% 8 sev5 duplicates work$ = a l>ge ,we/ ,coa/ firm giv5 to quick & dirty sampl+2 j tote up ! odds ( cat*+ him ?r\gh an audit if he'd be5 sm>t en\gh to g to diff]5t banks4 ,ideally1 at lea/1 y\r sy/em %\ld flag quirks l ! sev5 *ecks4 ,y c also complicate life = comput] crooks by /udy+ classic cases ( ! pa/4 ,mo/ly ! crim9als s9n$ ) or aga9/ l>ge comput]s4 ,& yet et]nal tru?s l+] on ev5 9 ! micro-m9i age4 ,9 fact1 "s ma9frame cases may mean ev5 m to ! desktop cr[d today1 ) s _m small comput]s hook$ up z t]m9als on l>ge sy/ems4 ,y might also say giant ma*9es are acquir+ pl5ty ( pygmy sibl+s--jo9$ ,siamese /yle ) !m at ! bra9s4 ,& ! big & small ma*9es ar5't j wir$ toge!r by phone or o!rwise4 ,increas+ly1 ma9frames are s5d+ electronic copies to micros outside data-process+ dep>tm5ts4 ,:at's m1 9 p[] & capabilities1 ! pygmies are mat*+ "s big ,i,b,ms & ,univacs ( yore4 ,s :e!r y're us+ a #a1jjj ,apple or a #ajj1jjj m9i1 y'll come out ahead kn[+ ab\t ! ,gold5 ,oldies ( comput] crime4 ,comput] consultants1 especially ,donn ,p>k]1 a prom95t exp]t ) ! ,,sri ?9k tank 9 ,m5lo ,p>k1 ,cali=nia1 h label$ v>i\s (f5ses4#ej ,footnote #ej3 ,! categories ( comput]-crime (f5ses1 toge!r ) _m examples1 come f ,donn ,p>k]'s ,comput] ,security ,managem5t1 publi%$ 9 #aiha by ,re/on ,publi%+ ,company1 ,re/on1 ,virg9ia4 ,ano!r book = m in=mation is ,p>k]'s ,fight+ ,comput] ,crime1 publi%$ 9 #aihc by ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 ,data ,diddl+ ,:5 a "t-keep+ cl]k hoodw9k$ a railroad1 he committ$ ! mo/ tri$-&-te/$ comput] crime3 data diddl+4 ,t's j j>gon = fiddl+ ) data be=e or dur+ entry into ! ma*9e4 ,! culprit's duties includ$ fill+ out "t =ms = ?ree hundr$ employees1 & he le>n$ t someone _h %[n a fit ( abs5tm9d$ness 9 sett+ up a comput] sy/em /or+ pay & h\r records4 ,! railroad put work]s' names z well z _! id5tification numb]s into ! comput]4 ,b ! ma*9e us$ only ! numb]s to track d[n names & addresses to pr9t on *ecks4 ,manually process+ ! =ms1 h[ev]1 humans normally ignor$ ! comput] numb]s4 ,!y actually _h ! gall to ?9k ( ! work]s j by _! names4 ,:eels turn$ 9 ! cl]k's head4 ,:y n sneak 9 ov]time pay by us+ o!r p's names on ! pap] =ms b 8 own numb] = ! myopic comput]8 ,& s 8 income increas$ by sev]al ?\s& doll>s ea* ye>4#ea ,footnote #ea3 ,! example ( ! railroad cl]k is f a report ,p>k] coau?or$ = ! ,ju/ice ,dep>tm5t1 8,comput] ,crime3 ,crim9al ,ju/ice ,res\rce ,manual40 ,! cl]k's end came only :5 an auditor by *ance look$ ov] ,w-#b =ms & ask$ :y ! railroad _h be5 s g5]\s t[>d ! man4 ,confront$1 ! cl]k confess$4 ,!re's a moral "h3 if y h a timekeep+ & payroll sy/em1 don't rely on ,,id numb]s alone4 ,atta* to !m ! fir/ few lett]s ( work]s' names4 ,also1 include a cross-comp>ison ( names & numb]s 9 y\r audit+ proc$ure4 ,today scatt]$ t]m9als--or micros or m9is us$ z !m--make data diddl+ z tempt+ z ev]4 ,a police (fic] 9 an ea/]n city told me crim9als _h walk$ into ! (fices ( us$-c> lots1 sneak$ 9 a few m9utes on t]m9als !re1 & alt]$ f9ancial records 9 a cr$it bureau's comput]4 ,=get ab\t ! my/ique ( comput] crime4 ,p h be5 diddl+ cr$it bureau files = ye>s by *ang+ or delet+ pap] records4 ,ma*9es & lack ( pap] records 9 "s cases j make _! "w easi] & fa/]4 ,! ,trojan ,horse ,a comely woman at a ,new ,engl& firm 0 ! victim ( :at might loosely be call$ a comput]iz$ sex crime4 8,%e w\ld be do+ h] electronic pap]work10 ,tracy ,kidd] said 9 ,s\l ( a ,new ,ma*9e1 8:5 sudd5ly ev]y?+ w\ld g haywire1 all h] labor w\ld be spoil$1 & on ! scre5 ( h] ca?ode-ray tube w\ld appe> cold1 lascivi\s sugge/ions40 ,someone _h electronically :eel$ 9 a ,trojan horse--hidd5 unau?oriz$ in/ructions 9 ! comput]'s program4 ,! 8sex crime0 kept up daily = sev]al weeks1 lead+ an executive to obs]ve t ! villa9 mu/ h 8! m5tality ( an assass940 ,x 0 unfair4 ,"y comput] :izzes at ! company play$ horse pranks on ea* o!r all ! "t4 ,b ?is victim c\ldn't /rike back4 ,gallantly1 ! woman's bosses set electronic traps to le>n f :i* t]m9al ! ma%] 0 ma%+4 ,! villa91 ?\gh1 0 too nimble4 8,at "o "t10 said ,kidd]1 8he made 8 escape by br++ to an abrupt halt ! entire sy/em on :i* mo/ ( ! eng9e] dep>tm5ts reli$40 ,f9ally1 "o ( ! woman's protectors *att$ casually ) a suspect ab\t ! comput]'s wondr\s vuln]abilities to pranks4 ,! obsc5ities & glit*es /opp$4 ,?is ,trojan horse 0 j a prank/]'s1 b ! company may h squ&]$ ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 human & comput] "t to kill x (f4 ,consid]1 too1 ! company--,data ,g5]al1 ! m9i mak] t ,kidd] admir$4 ,imag9e a s]i\s saboteur :eel+ 8 horse into ! comput] ( a company )\t ! same kn[h[4 ,x happ5s4 ,donn ,p>k] says ,trojan horse tricks are 8! mo/ common me?od 9 comput]-bas$ frauds & sabotage40 ,a horse1 9 fact1 may h %[n up 9 ! fir/ f$]ally prosecut$ comput] crime 9 ,m9neapolis 9 ! #aifjs4 ,a programm] told an ,,ibm #adjd to drop an unflatt]+ s]ies ( bytes ab\t 8 p]sonal *eck+ acc\nt--ov]drawn4 ,trojan horses are m ( a ma9frame & m9i problem ?an a micro "o4 ,normally1 pr(essional programm]s don't run desktop comput]s4 ,b z comput] lit]acy spreads1 ?is might n matt] s mu*1 & besides1 unsecur$ micros make su* easy nuts to crack4 8,!y're peanuts10 ,highl& says1 8n butt]nuts40 ,mo/ micro sy/ems today lack electronic console logs--requir+ op]ator ,,id numb]s--t "s bigg] comput]s h to tell :o did :at on ! ma*9es4 ,9 o!r words1 !re's no audit trail4 ,john ,lewis1 an ,,fbi ag5t tea*+ a c\rse on comput] crime1 told me1 8,i c write a p]fectly error-free payroll program on a micro1 load x 9 f a disk1 & run x4 ,b ,i modify "o or two l9es 9 !re1 say+1 #8,:5 y f9d ,john ,lewis's "n1 add #a1jjj to net pay4'0 ,y c ev5 h ! program zap ! evid5ce imm$iately aft] ! crime4 ,significantly1 too1 y c reprogram a micro 9 a fraction ( ! "t y'd ne$ on a ma9frame4 ,& 9 ! future ! micros1 :ile reta9+ _! ease ( programm+1 w develop m electronic nooks & crannies 9 :i* to hide horses4 ,& :at ab\t ! micros already hook$ 9 at times ) ! big comput]s or us+ d[n-load$ data f !m8 ,if a saboteur or con man is giv+ fits to ! giant ma*9es1 !n ! pygmy ma*9es may suff] along4 ,! ,salami ,trick ,y j c't make s5se ( y\r sav+s acc\nt /atem5t4 ,no matt] :at y d1 x's a nickel (f4 ,y don't1 h[ev]1 pursue ! matt]--n ov] five c5ts4 ,all ov] y\r city y\r fell[ depositors are ?9k+ simil>ly4 ,a comput] crook1 mean:ile1 is gr[+ ri*4 ,! nickels1 dimes1 :atev]1 add up4 ,he works at ! bank & has programm$ its comput] to r\nd int]e/ d[nw>d1 = in/ance1 r ?an upw>d4 ,! slic$-(f money goes into a dummy acc\nt4 ,f hundr$s ( *eat$ cu/om]s1 maybe ?\s&s1 he's amass+ en\gh ov] ! ye>s = a new ,buick4 ,he may ev5 h told ! comput] to /eal prud5tly & n clip anyone m ?an twice a ye>4 ,x's ! old salami trick1 an ,,mo ( c\ntless embezzl]s inside & outside ! comput] _w--rang+ f pudgy1 fat-bottom$ drones to glam\r figures 9 ,hollywood & on ,wall ,/reet4 ,an amus+ salami tale comes f ,?omas ,:iteside's brilliant ,new ,york] s]ies on comput]iz$ crime4 ,! "n 8,zw&a0 did ! crook 94 ,programm+ = a mail-ord] sales company1 he r\nd$ d[n sales-commission acc\nts & div]t$ ! loot to a dummy acc\nt = a 8,zw&a40 ,! 8,z0 "n made s5se4 ,! comput] work$ alphabetically1 & he c\ld m easily guide ! money to ! end acc\nt4 8,! sy/em10 ,:iteside says1 8work$ p]fectly = ?ree ye>s1 & !n x fail$--n because ( a logical error on ! culprit's "p b because ! company1 z a public-relations ex]cise1 decid$ to s+le out ! hold]s ( ! fir/ & la/ sales-commission acc\nts on its alphabetical li/ = c]emonial treatm5t4 8,?us1 ,zw&a 0 unmask$1 & 8 creator fir$40 ,c\ld ,zw&as %[ up 9 y\r company's microcomput]--n j ma9frames8 ,p]haps4 ,x's no less likely ?an ! micro case m5tion$ e>li] 9 :i* ! bookkeep] 0 pay+ bogus bills f 8 relatives' firms4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! case ( a micro1 ! tr\ble probably w be n 9 ! way ! program is writt5 b 9 h[ x's set4 ,mo/ micros1 aft] all1 use (f-!-%elf s(tw>e4 ,sup]zapp+ ,x's nam$ aft] ! 8sup]zap0 program us$ on "s l>ge ,,ibm comput]s4 8,sup]zap0 is kn[n among ! pros z a break-glass program1 ! k9d y use 9 em]g5cies to *ange or divulge ! comput]'s cont5ts4 ,x c bypass all security controls4 ,y c also ?9k ( sup]zapp+ ano!r way4 ,! comput] is a high-rise build+1 & ?is program is a ma/] key to all ! ap>tm5ts or (fices inside4 ,pity ! build+ manag] if a ?ief c c\nt]feit ! key4 ,donn ,p>k]1 ! s\rce ( ^? comp>isons1 says a ,new ,j]sey bank lo/ #abh1jjj to sup]zaps4 ,! crook 0 none o!r ?an ! bank's manag] ( comput] op]ations4 ,he fir/ sup]zapp$ legitimately to *ange errors 9 acc\nts z 8 sup]iors ask$4 ,! ma9 program wasn't work+--h5ce1 ! sup]zapp+4 ,! bank 0 upgrad+ its comput] sy/em1 ! glit*es kept pil+ up1 & ! op]ations manag] zapp$ aga9 & aga91 discov]+ ! joys ( ignor+ ! normal controls4 ,! usual electronic logs & j\rnals j didn't %[ 8 actions4 ,s1 he decid$1 :y n zap away ! b>ri]s to %ift+ ! money to ! acc\nts ( ?ree fri5ds8 ,! bank le>n$ ( ! crime only aft] a cu/om] saw t 8 own money wasn't add+ up "r4 ,sup]zaps l ?is1 ( c\rse1 are simply special bre$s ( ,trojan horses1 j z ! salami tricks c be4 ,l ! horses1 ! zaps ar5't s mu* a micro crime n[4 ,!y're m ( a m9i & ma9frame "o1 b wat* out = ! future :5 g>d5-v>iety crooks are m le>n$ & micros are m l ! bigg] comput]s4 ,! ,trap-,door ,trick ,a trap door--or back door--normally is j a %ortcut into ! program1 bypass+ ! normal security sy/ems1 meant z a debugg+ aid4 ,once ! writ]s h a program up & runn+1 !y %\ld get rid ( ! door4 ,l>ge programs are s complicat$ t programm]s sometimes leave ! doors 9 z an em]g5cy way = !m to get back 9 if ! ma9 passwords are lo/ or ! comput] 8hangs up40 ,david ,lightman1 ! te5age hack] 9 ! movie ,war,games1 us$ ! trap-door ploy to p5etrate a ,def5se ,dep>tm5t comput] & almo/ caus$ a nucle> ,armag$don4 ,9 a real-life example m5tion$ by ,p>k]1 "s automobile eng9e]s 9 ,detroit call$ up a comput] s]vice bureau 9 ,florida1 f\nd a trap door1 & c\ld 8se>* un9hibit$ly0 = privileg$ passwords4 8,!y discov]$ ! password ( ! presid5t ( ! "t-%>+ company & 7 able to obta9 copies ( trade-secret comput] programs t !y proce$$ to use free ( *>ge40 ,! electronic ?iev]y didn't /op until ! company f\nd out accid5tally4 ,& x nev] le>n$ h[ _m o!r crooks 7 rummag+ ar\nd inside ! comput]4 ,once aga91 ?is =m ( crime isn't s mu* a worry = ! desktop set z = ^? us+ bigg] ma*9es4 ,at lea/ = n[4 ,! ,logic ,bomb ,he>d ! old joke ab\t ! ,wa%+ton spee* writ] at odds ) 8 boss8 ,x's a favorite /ory among j\rnali/s & o!r wordsmi?s4 ,! aide 0 tir$ ( drudge "w = a dumb1 lazy b electable congressman :o didn't ev5 read ! immortal prose ahead ( "t4 ,"o day ! politician1 a squ>e-jaw$1 movie-actori% man1 0 melliflu\sly speak+ on ! ,h\se floor4 ,z usual1 he 0 fre% to ! mat]ial4 ,b 8 r5dition ov]:elm$ ev]yone1 f ! pols to ! pages1 to ! t\ri/s 9 ! gall]ies4 ,he knew he 0 on 8 way to ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,) actorlike poli% he intonat$ ?r\gh ! ?ird page1 includ+ ! la/ s5t5ce3 8,& n[1 let ! words r+ out1 l\d & cle>1 to all corn]s ( ! e>?--to our fri5ds1 to our foes1 across e ocean1 e m\nta94 ,y purbl9d piece ( excrem5t1 ,i quit1 & y're on y\r own40 ,! f\r? page1 ( c\rse1 0 blank4 ,malici\s programm]s mu/ nod & w9k :5 !y he> ! /ory4 ,= ! spee* writ] _h j ! "r k9d ( temp]am5t to hide a logic bomb--a comput] glit* t explodes1 s to speak1 only "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,! conditions 9 ! ,wa%+ton joke 7 cle>4 ,! congressman mu/n't read ! spee* to himself be=eh&--some?+ inevitable4 ,he 0 dep5dably lazy4 ,nor mu/ he und]/& ! spee*2 no problem1 c]ta9ly1 = he 0 dumb ab\t ev]y?+ all ! "t4 ,above all1 h[ev]1 if ?is bomb 7 to 8kill10 he mu/ be emb>rassable4 ,& t's :y ! bomb 9 a s5se j maim$ him--because1 l mo/ politicians1 he nev] blu%$4 ,9 a real-life /ory told by ,p>k]1 a payroll programm] hid a bomb to erase ! entire p]sonnel file if he ev] got fir$--t is1 if 8 own "n ev] vani%$ f x4 ,simulation & ,model+ ,a crook$ acc\ntant embezzl$ a million doll>s us+ simulation4 ,on 8 own comput] he set up a mock v]sion ( ! victim company's acc\nt+ & g5]al l$g]4 ,!n he c\ld figure out h[ 8 !fts w\ld %[ up on ! company's electronic books--& h[ to cov] up ! crime4 ,scav5g+ ,a ,texan ripp$ (f oil companies ?r\gh comput]iz$ scav5g+4 ,he us$ a comput] "t-%>+ s]vice bureau1 ! same "o z ! oil companies4 ,?is ?ief read scrat* tapes--tempor>y /orage tapes )\t ! safegu>ds protect+ ! ma9 ones--by phone (f ! s]vice's comput]4 ,he 0 /eal+ secret seismic in=mation to sell to ! oilm5's competitors4 ,f9ally1 h[ev]1 ! s]vice bureau caught on4 ,a work] !re _h gr[n curi\s4 ,:y did a r$ 8read0 light gl[ at biz>re times8 ,h[ come ! cu/om] 0 pr[l+ ?r\gh ! tapes be=e ent]+ 8 own data8 ,p>k] says a 8simple inve/igation0 end$ ! electronic scam4 ,scav5g+ c be physical1 too--no?+ m complicat$ ?an rummag+ ?r\gh old tra% b>rels = pr9t\ts4 ,data ,leakage 8,hidd5 9 ! c5tral processors ( _m comput]s us$ 9 ! ,vietnam ,w>10 ,p>k] says1 87 m9iature radio transmitt]s capable ( broadca/+ ! cont5ts ( ! comput]s to a remote receiv]4 8,!y 7 discov]$ :5 ! comput]s 7 return$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ,vietnam40 ,x 0 a data-leakage problem--def9$ by ,p>k] & o!r pros z ! removal ( data or copies ( x f a comput] or a comput] c5t]4 ,culprits c ev5 smuggle out secrets by hid+ !m 9 app>5tly r\t9e reports4 8,data leakage10 he says1 8might be conduct$ ?r\gh use ( ,trojan horse1 logic bomb1 & scav5g+ me?ods40 ,y don't h to be 9 ! ,vietcong or ,,kgb1 ( c\rse1 to spy on a comput] by radio4 ,today a sm>t snoop c walk casually into y\r comput] area & leave beh9d a m9iature transmitt]--p]haps hook$ up to ! maze ( wires t snake "u ! floor ( _m mod]n (fices4 8,i c\ld !n f9d out ev]y?+ t y 7 s5d+ = a ye>10 says ,h>old ,joseph ,highl&1 8:i* is ! life ( ! unit ,i c\ld transmit )4 ,i c\ld buy x = #i4ej f any ( ! l>ge supply h\ses4 ,!re's "o m exp5sive t w transmit up to five miles away4 ,) ! =ty-buck "o ,i c p>k across f ! build+ & keep a tape record] go+40 ,wiretapp+ ,"s say x's r>e 9 ! comput] _w4 ,! ?9k+ goes1 ,!re are easi] ways to /eal4 ,:y tap :5 s (t5 y c j call up y\r victim's comput] & be greet$ ) a fri5dly electronic :9e8 ,b don't c\nt on wiretapp+ n exi/+4 ,y\r local radio /ore c>ries *eap equipm5t usable = tapp]s4 ,& electronic bank+ & new comput] s]vices w gr[1 mak+ wiretapp+ m tempt+4 ,a security consultant1 ,j4 ,mi*ael ,nye1 op5$ an unlock$ closet ( ! second floor ( an (fice build+ 9 ,hag]/[n1 ,m>yl&1 & po9t$ to ! telephone wires inside4 8,see ^!80 he ask$ me4 8,!y're hook$ up to a bank's comput]4 ,if y want$ to *ange ! am\nt ( money 9 a deposit1 y c\ld atta* a portable comput] & no "o might be ! wis]40 ,! wiretapp+ ?reat may increase because ( ! break-up ( ! ,bell sy/em--z m & m repair p p>ade 9 & out ( wire closets4 ,y might be able to get ar\nd ! ?reat1 or at lea/ r$uce x1 by electronically scrambl+ ! messages y transmit ov] ! phone wires4 ,= ! mom5t1 don't let fe> ( wiretapp+ obsess y unless1 say1 y're r\t9ely transf]r+ millions ( doll>s via comput]4 ,piggyback+ & ,imp]sonation ,x's bone cold outside1 ! /rang] looks h>mless1 & y let him 9 z y unlock ! doors ( y\r ap>tm5t build+ "o night4 ,! next day all ! old ladies 9 ! lobby are talk+ ab\t a burgl>y4 ,y fret4 ,rightly4 ,y may h let a crim9al succe$ 9 piggyback+ 8 way beh9d y into ! build+4 ,x's happ5+1 too1 9 comput] rooms1 :i* crooks use simil> tricks to ent]4 ,t's physical piggyback+4 ,! electronic k9d1 r>e1 c happ5 ?is way4 ,y pun* 9 a password or key on y\r t]m9al & hook up ) ! comput]1 unaw>e t ! piggyback] has a hidd5 t]m9al connect$ to ! same phone l9e4 ,p]haps y hav5't sign$ (f prop]ly4 ,! comput] keeps ! connection go+1 & ! piggyback] 8rides0 on4 ,imp]sonation is :at x s\nds l1 & x c be physical or electronic4 ,leslie ,d4 ,ball1 a ,massa*usetts consultant & college pr(essor1 once illu/rat$ comput]s' vuln]abilities to su* tricks4 8,:y is x m difficult to rob a bank ( #b1ejj ?an to /eal millions f its comput]80 he ask$1 & quickly answ]$ ! "q4#eb ,footnote #eb3 ,all ! ,ball quotes & p>aphrases 9 ?is *apt] are f ,te*nology ,review4 8,dur+ a security consult+ project at an ,atlantic ,city hotel10 ,ball said1 8,i sp5t ! ev5+ ) an associate 9 ! cas9o4 ,at ab\t elev5 p4m4 we head$ = our rooms1 b ! elevator /opp$ :]e ! comput] c5t] 0 locat$1 & we decid$ to look ar\nd4 ,! door m>k$ #8,comput] ,c5t]--,no ,admittance' 0 lock$ b _h a bell beside x4 ,a comput] op]ator op5$ ! door :5 we rang1 lett+ u 9 )\t a ^w4 ,= ! next t5 m9utes we w&]$ ?r\gh ! c5t] )\t speak+ to ! op]ators on duty40 ,9 effect1 by act+ z if !y belong$ 9 ! room1 ,ball & ! associate 7 imp]sonat+ au?oriz$ p4 8,f9ally10 he recall$1 8we said1 #8,?ank y' & left4 ,!y 7 lucky we 7 n disgruntl$ heavy los]s60 ,a real imp]sonator1 an ex-college pr(essor nam$ ,/anley ,m>k ,rifk91 pass$ himself (f z a bank bran* manag] to /eal #aj4b million4 ,he b\ght diamonds 9 ,switz]l&4 ,! law caught up ) him only because1 l _m bright1 cocky comput] crooks1 he bragg$4 ,t wasn't all4 8,:ile await+ trial10 ,ball says1 8he attempt$ a fifty-million-doll> transaction f ano!r bank4 ,:5 appreh5d$1 ,rifk9 told a report] t he ?\ght he f9ally _h all ! bugs work$ out40 ,rifk9 0 j ano!r example ( an ord9>y man us+ legally acquir$ skills to commit an illegal act4 ,h[ev] sm>t1 & despite 8 backgr\nd z a comput] sci5ce pr(essor-consultant1 he 0 h>dly a g5ius4 8,ma/] crim9al80 ask$ ,h4 ,mi*ael ,snell1 a publi%] :o'd dealt ) him4#ec 8,i c\ld soon] imag9e a smok+ gun 9 ! h&s ( ,w9nie ! ,pooh4 ,9 fact1 ,/an resembl$ ,pooh ,be>3 %ort1 /ocky1 paun*y f too mu* good food & w9e1 a deeply rec$+ hairl9e above an intellig5t1 slop+ =ehead4 ,quiet1 unassum+1 n ! k9d ( guy :o'd /& out at a cocktail p>ty40 ,rifk9 0 good at puzzles1 at problem solv+1 b z ,snell & o!rs agree1 t's true ( all tal5t$ programm]s4 ,y c\ld say ! same1 too1 ( fir/-rate acc\ntants & eng9e]s4 ,rifk9's case made me ?9k ( ,hannah ,ar5dt's phrase ab\t ,adolph ,ei*mann1 appli$ n to ! ,nazis b to g>d5-v>iety crooks )9 ! comput] field3 8! banality ( evil40 ,footnote #ec3 ,! ,h4 ,mi*ael ,snell quotes are f an article he publi%$ 9 ,comput]world4 ,rifk9's take happ5$ to be l>g] ?an mo/4 ,b 8 m9d-set 0 ! same4 ,snell said1 8,he %>$ ! dreams ( _m academics :o feel block$ f great success & weal?1 & he lov$ #8get-ri*-quick' /ories1 su* z a fri5d :o /ruck gold 9 ,cali=nia real e/ate or ! ,silicon ,valley's ov]night millionaires40 ,gre$1 h[ev]1 isn't ! only motive4 8,p :o l comput]s are games p10 ,john ,lewis1 ! ,,fbi ag5t1 told me1 8& !y l *all5ges4 ,x's #8me aga9/ ! ma*9e4' ,y give !m a comput] & say y c d any?+ b t1 & t's ! fir/ ?+ !y're go+ to d4 ,y g back to ! ,book ( ,g5esis 9 ! ,bible :]e ,god said1 #8,y c d any?+ 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 b eat f t tree1' & :at's ! fir/ ?+ p did80 ,we 7 9 a w9d[less1 fluoresc5t-lit room at ! ,,fbi ,academy 9 ,quantico1 ,virg9ia1 :]e ,lewis lectur$ on comput] crime4 ,he look$ at a fell[ in/ructor1 a tall1 al]t man :o />t$ out 9 ! bureau n z an ag5t b z a programm]4 8,i've se5 ,k5 get ahold ( mat]ial4 ,l ?is "o program t said x c\ldn't be copi$4 ,n[ he didn't c>e :at ! program did4 ,! fir/ ?+ he did 0 copy x4 ,because !y said he c\ldn't d x4 ,& he did x40 ,i ?\ght ( ,john & ,k5 ?ree weeks lat] :5 ,i pick$ up a copy ( ,te*nology ,illu/rat$ magaz9e4 ,a /rang] 9 ,quantico1 ,virg9ia1 x seem$1 0 dial+ up ! electronic bullet9 bo>ds on :i* comput] prank/]s sometimes left messages4 ,! bullet9 bo>ds 7 a =m ( electronic mail4 ,call]s c\ld write out _! ?\ghts = fri5ds or anyone *eck+ up on ! highe/-numb]$ entries4 ,! my/]i\s comput] dial] f ,quantico1 h[ev]1 w\ld j read1 nev] s5d4 ,aw>e ( ! ,,fbi ,academy's location1 "o ( ! prank/]s po/$ a fri5dly sugge/ion on a bo>d4 ,he invit$ ! ,quantico call] to subscribe to ! ,,tap newslett]--said to be 8to phone phreaks :at ! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal is to /ockbrok]s40 ,,tap /&s = a gr\p nam$ ! ,te*nology ,assi/ance ,program1 a successor to ,y\? ,int]national ,p>ty ,l9e 7,,yipl71 ^: own radical p$igree goes back to ,abbie ,h(fman's ,yippies4 8,al ,bell0 & ,h(fman />t$ ,,yipl4 ,x 0 a high-te* display ( ,h(fman's ,/eal ,?is ,book philosophy1 !re be+1 h[ev]1 a s]i\s problem1 "o %>$ by society at l>ge4 ,! te*nocrats usurp$ ! politicians4 ,!y 71 report$ly1 8m int]e/$ 9 blue box+ ,ma ,bell ?an 9 pu%+ politics40 ,*e%ire ,cataly/1 :o 0 edit+ ! ,,tap newslett] :5 ,i talk$ to him1 said1 8,y don't h to be a phone phreak to read u--b x helps40 ,l9dsay ,l4 ,baird1 ,jr41 a t\gh1 no-nons5se consultant ) fam\s corporate cli5ts1 told me ,,tap 0 a s]i\s ?reat4 8,!y're n[ us+ micro sy/ems to te/ ! #hjj numb]s me?odically to see :i* ones h comput]s on !m10 he said ( "s ,,tap p4 ,! corporate comput]s :9e _! /range mat+ call no matt] :o dials up1 say+ electronically1 8,i am "h1 ,i am a comput]1 ,i am ready40 ,y might say !y're l an unlock$1 unatt5d$ ,,bmw left ) ! motor runn+ 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,& ,baird claim$1 rightly or n1 t ,,tap has "s political zealots mix$ 9 ) ! te*nocrats & t !y c\ld indulge 9 l>ge-scale comput] zapp+ ov] ! next few ye>s4 ,! ,t,a,ppers' side 0 ?is3 !y illegally logg$ on to networks l ,tel5et & ! f$s' because !y c\ldn't /& see+ exp5sive comput] "t g unus$4 8,nobody wants to pool x z a comput] utility & make x available to ev]yone because x w\ld probably n make a pr(it10 gr\s$ 8,a4 ,b5 ,dump0 9 ! newslett]4 ,*e%ire portray$ ,,tap to ,high ,te*nology z basically j prank/]s1 at lea/ 9 8 case4 8,good grief60 ,*e%ire once gho/-wir$ to a ,telex ma*9e2 8,i seem to h rea*$ ,adelaide1 ,au/ralia4 ,?is is j a comput] hack] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates out = a good "t40 ,! ,t,a,ppers said !y 7 aga9/ ! ,bell bureaucracy1 n ,am]ica at l>ge1 &1 9 fact1 c5sor$ an article submitt$ to _! newslett] tell+ h[ to build an ,h-bomb4 8,among o!r ?+s10 ,*e%ire worri$1 8anyone us+ t te*nology is go+ to take out ! phone network40 ,i /ill wond]$4 ,w\ld ,,tap h pr9t$ ! article if a way exi/$ to ,h-bomb ! c\ntryside )\t toppl+ any micr[ave t[]s8 ,hack+3 ,an ,addiction to ,be 8,squel*$08 ,) ,war,games-/yle break-ins 9 m9d1 someone once call$ hack+ an addiction to be squel*$4 ,t's wrong4 ,hack+ is m an addiction to be tam$4 ,! t]m 8hack+10 p]haps born at ,m4,i4,t41 j means someone :o hacks away at comput] problems until he solves !m4 ,_m hack]s = "s reason or ano!r love ,*9ese food4 ,soon] or lat] a comput]-crime exp]t w l9k comput] addiction to ,o,ding on monosodium glutamate4 ,*e%ire ,cataly/ is a prototypical hack] 9 _m ways4 ,he's a ?91 be>d$ man 9 8 tw5ties1 extrapolite1 :o1 :5 ,i saw him1 0 9 ,wa%+ton = an a]onautics & space ga!r+ & wore a ,space ,%uttle tie & an ,apple p94 ,8 nickname inde$ came f ! gr9n+1 vani%+ cat 9 ,alice's ,adv5tures 9 ,wond]l&4 ,pr\dly he told me h[ 8 clock ran c\nt]clockwise4 ,*e%ire said he hop$ som$ay to meet ano!r backw>d-clock buff1 ,grace ,hopp]1 a di/+ui%$ milit>y (fic] :o help$ give ! _w ! ,,cobol comput] language4 ,*e%ire might f9d ev5 m ( a s\lmate 9 ,/eve ,wozniak1 ! ,apple c(\nd]1 :o is p]haps "o ( ! _w's lead+ hack]s--9 addition to hav+ be5 a phone phreak 9 8 "t4 8,woz0 & a fri5d snoop$ on comput]s across ,am]ica4 ,! fri5d 0 ,john ,drapp]1 a be>d$1 some:at maniacal-look+ man :o e>n$ ! nickname ,cap'n ,crun* because he us$ prize :i/les f c]eal boxes to /eal free long-di/ance calls by way ( a tone at exactly ! "r frequ5cy4 ,lat]1 ,crun* wrote ! ,easy,writer ^w-process+ program us$ on ! ,apple & lat] ! ,,ibm ,,pc4 ,on balance ,*e%ire ?9ks t hack]s d m good ?an h>m4 8,let's say y h money 9 a bank10 he says4 8,w\ldn't y r t a hack] get into its comput] ?an a crim9al did8 ,he c\ld w>n ! bank4 ,if ,i _h money at a bank1 ,i'd feel saf] ) hack]s *eck+ out security40 ,well1 x dep5ds4 ,"s hack]s are no?+ m ?an electronic v&als4 ,"s are a privacy ?reat2 !y're do+ ! equival5t ( spy+ on mail & tapp+ phones4 ,/ill1 tal5t$ hack]s may become real assets to corporations4 ,!y'll c>e inf9itely m ab\t y\r comput] sy/em--& all its quirks--?an w programm]s work+ n9e to five = ! money alone4 ,j a little ov]simpli/ically x's be5 said t y c befri5d a hack] m]ely by supply+ a comput] ) en\gh ,,ram1 enc\ragem5t1 a long lea%1 & lots ( *[ me94 ,! ,t,a,ppers1 dep5d+ on y\r viewpo9t1 came across 9 ,te*nology z reassur+ly or di/ress+ly middle class4 ,*e%ire at ! "t ( ! article 0 tea*+ comput] skills at a l>ge corporation4 8,,vax-man0#ed work$ z a comput] programm]1 8,! ,libr>ian0 z a sy/ems analy/1 & ano!r 01 ( all ?+s1 a middle manag] = a def5se contractor2 inde$1 e memb] report$ly boa/$ a te*nical backgr\nd4 ,mo/1 ,i suspect1 p]haps ne>ly all1 didn't see !mselves z crim9als4 ,footnote #ed3 ,presumably ,,vax-man *ose 8 "n ) bo? ! ,,vax m9icomput] s]ies & ! ,pac-,man game 9 m9d4 8,we're j an in=mation s]vice = ! p10 said "o4 ,well1 okay4 ,maybe x's good t if ,g-m5 want to bone up on ! late/ electronic tricks1 !y ne$ only log on to hack]s' bullet9 bo>ds & read ! ,,tap newslett]4 ,/ill1 h[ _m crooks h ! same idea8 ,,tap's ano!r indication t = ! crim9ally gre$y ! 8data cookie j>10 z x's be5 call$1 is out !re4 ,l9dsay ,baird sc(fs at comput] trade associations' ef=ts to play d[n ! problem4 ,& he fires back ) /ati/ics ( 8 own4 8,i've work$ on ?irty-five or =ty cases10 he says1 8& only "o 0 report$ to au?orities40 ,! loot rang$ f #dj1jjj to #bi million4 ,& ,baird1 dismay$ t "s comput] crim9als' s5t5ces are m %oplift]like ?an adequate1 jokes1 8,my wife tells me ,i ought to commit a crime40 8,! security problems ) comput+ sy/ems 9 ! #aifjs 0 l a balloon deflat$10 he says1 8& y c\ld hold x 9 y\r h&4 ,b n[ x's l a huge balloon inflat$4 ,or a big b[l ( ,jell-,o4 8,y j c't h&le x n[1 & ! manufactur]s h got to be conc]n$40 ,( c\rse y %\ld rememb] t mo/ corporate data are f> f s5sitive1 t only ! mo/ self-important executive w\ld view ev]y?+ z a national-security secret4 ,also1 ,baird is h>dly hurt+ 8 bank acc\nt 9 s\nd+ ! comput]-crime al>m4 ,/ill1 he's basically "r 9 say+ t comput] buy]s ) sexy data ( int]e/ to ?ieves n[ may h ?ree *oices3 #a4 ,burd5 programm]s & o!rs ) electronic v]sions ( heavy padlocks4 #b4 ,keep _! comput] sy/ems easy to use--& vuln]able4 78,!n y're go+ to get rap$407 #c4 ,compromise4 78,y get half rap$407 ,baird doesn't blame j ! manufactur]s = "s comput]s' sievelike leaks4 8,bus9ess isn't will+ to pay ! price to secure sy/ems10 he says--a compla9t e*o$ 9 effect by ! ,comput] & ,bus9ess ,equipm5t ,manufactur]s ,association 7,,cbema74 ,x ackn[l$ges ! pres5t cla% betwe5 security & ease ( use ( comput] sy/ems4 8,if a comput] c\ld be design$ ) v>i\s levels ( security z options1 comput] security might well be a m>ketable commodity10 said a /atem5t f ,,cbema to a trade magaz9e4 ,9 rec5t ye>s !re has be5 mu* m rese>* 9 ?is area1 & :5 #cb-;bit micros become ! norm1 x w be mu* easi] to beef up security4 ,:5 crimes d happ5 on exi/+ sy/ems1 !y're (t5 cov]$ up by top executives panicky ov] go+ to c\rt or jail4 ,h['d y l to be ! *airman ( a corporation fac$ ) an ugly data-security sc&al--& ! possibility ( a /ockhold]s suit8 ,y ne$n't be 9 ! sc&al p]sonally4 ,y\r /ockhold]s c\ld *>ge y ) malfeasance1 if n misfeasance1 = lett+ x happ54 ,s c\ld ! ,securities & ,ex*ange ,commission & o!r f$s4 ,:5 companies hu% up comput] crimes1 x's n necess>ily = high-m9d$ reasons su* z protect+ assets by play+ d[n vuln]ability to electronic crime4 ,consid] ,baird's exp]i5ces4 ,call$ to a ,new ,engl& firm to d r\t9e !ft prev5tion1 ,baird m]rily put himself on ! payroll--n to /eal b to demon/rate sy/em weaknesses4 8,i also10 he says1 8nick$ ! vice-presid5t = p>ticipat+ 9 a #djj1jjj-;a-ye> kickback40 ,at ano!r company1 an acc\nt+ firm did ! books at ye>'s end & _h to make an adju/m5t ( #a4b million4 8,!n10 said ,baird1 8we w5t 9 "s m & really did a numb] on t company4 ,& we came up ) #d4e million 9 prov5 losses4 ,& x all _h to d ) _! comput] sy/em40 ,b1 y're wond]+1 h[ ab\t t crook :o /ole #h million & got away ) x8 ,! /ory--p]haps apocryphal b told 9 ! s$ate ,smi?sonian magaz9e--is t bank (ficials confront$ ! ?ief 9 a re/aurant ov] breakfa/4 ,he coolly confess$4 ,if !y tri$ to jail him1 :y he'd bl[ ! :i/le on ! bank's vuln]able comput] sy/em4 ,& x w\ld co/ m ?an #h million to fix4 ,s ! bank (ficials j ask$ him to /ep d[n quietly4 ,leav+ ! table1 ! crook smil$4 8,i'll keep ! eight million10 he said1 8b ,i'll pick up ! tab = breakfa/40 ,def9itely1 !n1 ,donn ,p>k] 0 on t>get :5 he once call$ comput] security 8fir/ & la/ a p problem40 ,p & ,policies3 ,work+ ) ! ,"r ,ones ,hone/1 loyal employees are m important ?an ! late/ security gizmos4 ,use common s5se4 ,bew>e ( ! #bf1jjj-;a-ye> programm] :o sudd5ly acquires a po% home & a sports-c> collection4 ,don't pry4 ,b don't %ut y\r eyes1 ei!r4 ,/>t ) a s5sible hir+ policy4 ,decide on ! que/ions y want to ask applicants & _! ref]5ces--ab\t ! prospective employees' backgr\nds & *>act]s4 ,!n b\nce !m (f y\r legal dep>tm5t4 ,! rule ( ?umb is t y won't get 9 tr\ble if ! que/ions are relat$ to ! job4 ,,ibm has said x doesn't ev5 ask applicants ab\t _! ages or m>ital /atuses4 ,if !re ar5't legal ob/acles1 y might inve/ #be 9 a cr$it-bureau *eck ( a keypun* cl]k b p]haps sev]al hundr$ doll>s = a top programm]4 ,keep 9 m9d ! notori\s lack ( reliability ( _m report+ s]vices4 ,*eck = crim9al records :5 hir+ = responsible positions4 ,a ,m>yl& hospital didn't4 ,x hir$ a convict$ embezzl]1 a comput] op]ator :o lat] diddl$ #dj1jjj out ( ! sy/em4 ,grant$1 !re are occasions :5 y might kn[+ly hire an ex-con to give him a *ance4 ,b ask ! normal que/ions4 ,:at's he done to ju/ify y\r tru/ s9ce 8 s5t5c+8 ,:at are y\r risks8 ,h[ mu* c\ld he /eal1 & h[8 ,:omev] y hire--ex-cons1 ,h>v>d grads1 or comb9ations ( ! two--"k h[ to respond to ! common crim9al motives4 ,jay ,bloom,becker1 a top comput] crime exp]t1 sums up "o ( ! ma9 motives by quot+ ! title ( a collection ( ,doonesbury comic /rips3 ,b ! ,tru/ ,fund ,0 ,j ,sitt+ ,!re4 ,r$uce ! temptation4 ,let y\r p "k !re'll be surprise audits--& m&atory vacations4 ,a ?ief busy slic+ salami might be loa? to take too mu* "t (f1 le/ 8 or h] replacem5t cat* on to :at's happ5+4 ,likewise1 consid] rotat+ duties e few mon?s & also divvy+ !m4 ,p :o write *ecks ) comput]s1 = example1 ideally won't be ! ones approv+ !m2 9 a small bus9ess1 ( c\rse1 ?is might n be possible4 ,! old ne$-to-"k policy1 ( :i* ! milit>y is s fond1 may also increase ! crim9als' risks--by increas+ ! ne$ = collusion4 ,?is1 too1 isn't always possible1 & x c\ld boom]ang4 ,if employees ar5't suppos$ to "k :at _! colleagues are do+1 maybe a ?ief w\ld actually h less *ance ( be+ notic$4 ,also1 tell p t /eal+--ev5 small am\nts f a l>ge company--w hurt4 ,if y c't prove h[ x w hurt ! corporation noticeably1 !n y'd bett] make a good case t x w hurt !m4 ,pret5d y're a dep>tm5t /ore w>n+ ! nimble f+]$3 8,all w be prosecut$40 ,well1 )9 b\nds4 ,y ne$n't fire & prosecute a ?irty-ye> man because he once us$ a company micro to calculate 8 av]age golf score4 ,b d rem9d y\r employees ( ! applicable !ft-(-s]vice laws1 l>c5y ones1 & o!rs4 ,n t electronic !ft is y\r only problem4 ,:iteside tells ( a comput]-ridd5 ,nor? ,c>ol9ian1 work+ = an insurance firm1 :o report$ly %ot a h&gun sev]al times at ! hat$ ma*9e4 ,& ,h>old ,joseph ,highl& (f]s ano!r caution>y tale4 ,executives at an ,ea/ ,coa/ firm fir$ a crabby woman1 !n return$ ! next ,monday to f9d its floppies slic$ ap>t ) a pap] cutt]4 ,!y nev] prov$ h] guilt4 ,reg>dless1 someone mov$ ! blade up & d[n1 co/+ ! company sev]al hundr$ ?\s& doll>s 9 "t re5t]+ ! pap] v]sions ( ! records into ! comput]4 ,& t doesn't ev5 include ! ord]s cancel$ by cu/om]s angry ov] ! delay4 ,9 yet ano!r /ory1 a disgruntl$ work] %ort-circuit$ a t]m9al by ur9at+ on x4 8,hire well10 says ,jack ,bologna1 an exp]t on ! 8p0 side ( comput] security1 summ+ up ways to avoid su* traumas4 8,pay fairly1 praise p = good "w1 give !m opportunities = advancem5t1 & make !m feel com=table talk+ ov] _! problems40 ,rememb] t ! l9e c fuzz betwe5 outright sabotage & simple slopp9ess induc$ by poor morale4 ,if !re's a disa/] & y're n sure if x's accid5tal or delib]ate1 h[ev]1 don't be too quick to po9t y\r f+]4 ,y may f9d x *opp$ (f ) a lawsuit fil$ by y\r suspect1 p]haps = less ?an #a1jjj1 :ile y\r firm mu/ sp5d sev]al times t to def5d itself4 ,unju/ifi$ accusations1 also1 hurt morale & may ev5 add to security problems4 ,& if y d prove !ft or sabotage8 ,act4 ,don't cov] up4 ,r1 cov] y\rself--legally4 ,tell y\r boss :at happ5$4 ,if y're mum & someone else reports ! crime1 y\r sup]ior may consid] y among ! guilty4 ,also1 don't disc\nt ! possibility t y\r boss may himself be ei!r guilty or a "p ( a cov]-up because he fe>s a /ockhold]s' suit4 ,y may h no *oice b to report him to 8 boss4 ,press = an indep5d5t audit committee if y're p[]ful en\gh & if ! size ( ! crime ju/ifies "o4 ,%\ld y fire someone = a comput]-relat$ (f5se1 d x artfully4 8,if !y're 9 a critical job position1 help !m clean out _! desk1 collect _! ,,id c>d & any (fice keys1 & walk !m to ! door or to ! p]sonnel dep>tm5t10 says ,timo?y ,a4 ,s*abeck1 :o edits ,corporate & ,comput] ,fraud ,dige/ ) ,jack ,bologna4 ,! ,,fbi's ,lewis says z mu*4 ,if y d pref] in/ant fir+1 foll[ ,s*abeck's advice to provide c\nsel+ & sev]ance pay4 ,& s(t5 ! bl[1 too1 by w>n+ ev]yone1 :5 hir$1 t y\r axes are quick & %>p4 ,mightn't in/ant fir+1 h[ev]1 be brutal1 anyway8 ,well1 x dep5ds on ! am\nt ( damage t a dis*>g$ employee c\ld inflict & on h[ v9dictive y p]ceive him to be4 ,ideally1 y c\ld m9imize ! damage by hav+ backup disks or tapes out ( ! y\r victim's rea*4 ,also consid] h[ successfully y c keep ! fir$ employee f return+ to y\r comput]--by ruse or o!rwise8 ,is y\r (fice absolutely physically secur$8 ,c y tru/ gu>ds or janitors work+ week5ds n to admit a famili> face8 ,x's all a "p ( bridg+ ! gap betwe5 policy & practices4 ,don't j wait until a crime to make y\r /aff security consci\s4 ,too (t51 w>ns ,james ,a4 ,s*weitz]1 a ,x]ox security exp]t1 p protect in=mation only if x's on pap]4 ,he says1 8,!re h be5 a numb] ( cases :]e tapes & disks h my/]i\sly disappe>$ f places l desktops40 ,if ne$ be1 designate an employee to make sure o!rs h lock$ up "r by ! end ( ! day4 ,9 less ?an a m9ute1 us+ a floppy disk1 a ?ief may duplicate hundr$s ( times z mu* mat]ial z he c\ld on a pap] copi]4 ,worry1 too1 ab\t y\r p's use ( modems--! gizmos t trans=m y\r comput]s digital output into a :9y s\nd = ! phone l9es4 ,don't let !m r\t9ely keep s5sitive mat]ial on disks t w play back to savvy crim9als :o happ5 to dial 94 ,?is especially applies to ,w9*e/]s4 ,!y're ! oxide-coat$ alum9um disks t rema9 9 ! ma*9e h\s+ !m1 & !y /a% away _m times ! am\nt ( in=mation on mo/ pla/ic floppies4 ,n[ imag9e ! delights await+ a ?ief or snoop4 ,via y\r auto-answ] modem he c\ld rifle ?\s&s ( pages ( ,w9*e/]$ docum5ts4 ,su* electronic robb]ies ne$n't happ51 b until bus9esses get burn$ ?is way1 !y w4 ,s if y're %>+ an electronic spread%eet or mail+ li/ ) y\r bran* (fice1 d s if possible at a pre>rang$ "t dur+ bus9ess h\rs :5 y "k :o's call+4 ,tell y\r p to d ! same4 ,y'll also ne$ a privacy policy--int]nal & ext]nal4 ,d y1 = in/ance1 want sal>y in=mation on a ,w9*e/] disk t any ( y\r company's comput]-us]s c\ld read8 ,& h[ ab\t employees' heal? records8 ,good data security %\ld protect y\r p z well z y\r company4 ,s limit y\r comput]iz$ records to ! ess5tial & tell y\r executives n to use _! home comput]s to bypass privacy laws4 ,worry1 too1 ab\t an ext]nal-privacy policy4 ,are y respect+ ! rights ( y\r cu/om]s1 includ+ ^?1 :o1 by comput]1 may be transmitt+ to y\r company _! electronic jewels8 ,x isn't j dec5cy y want2 x's also good protection aga9/ suits1 :e!r f p or cli5t companies4 ,"h aga91 set a firm policy aga9/ y\r p misus+ _! p]sonal micros4 ,alan ,f4 ,we/91 a ,columbia ,univ]sity pr(essor ( public law & gov]nm5t1 correctly w>n$ 9 ,popul> ,comput+1 8,a f9ancial (fic] ( a bank might /ore in=mation ab\t ! life-/yle1 habits1 sexual pref]5ces & o!r p]sonal behavior ( l>ge individual borr[]s or key corporate executives40 ,! bank] might d ?is beh9d cu/om]s' backs to help decide :o 0 8/able0 en\gh = loans4 ,y'll also ne$ a policy cov]+ employees :o use y\r comput]s =1 say1 ma9ta9+ _! *ur*'s b+o books4 ,:y n let !m8 ,x isn't ! wor/ public relations4 ,"s companies ev5 all[ _! employees to play games aft] h\rs1 tapp+ into company sy/ems f home1 & y1 too1 might exp]im5t ) ?is1 provid$ x won't add to y\r data-security problems4 ,bett] a fr+e b5efit ?an a crime4 ,on ! o!r h&1 y've got to draw ! l9e some:]e4 ,c y e/imate h[ mu* ?is extracurricul> use ( y\r ma*9es co/s 9 we> & te>--91 ev5tually1 replacem5t co/s8 ,feel y\r employees out on ?is "o if y're runn+ a small bus9ess or hold sway ov] a l>ge "o4 ,w\ld !y r enjoy comput] privileges or bett] heal? insurance8 ,y might (f] cafet]ia-/yle fr+e b5efits1 ) comput] use z "o ( ! options4 ,employees n select+ ?is *oice might h to agree to x1 anyway1 if y discov]$ !m us+ a company comput] = p]sonal purposes4 ,?is problem1 ( c\rse1 may less5 z ! prices ( small comput]s plummet & _! capabilities gr[4 ,:atev] ! =m ( pot5tial crime--!ft or o!rwise--keep rememb]+ "o ( ! basics ( data security3 ,x %\ld co/ nei!r m money nor morale ?an ju/ifi$4 ,h>dw>e & ,s(tw>e ,n[ = advice on f9d+ ! mo/ crookpro( comput]s & programs4 ,buy a micro ) #af- or #cb-;bit ^w l5g?s & ,r,a,ms ( #bef,k or m4 ,^? specifications w let y use m elaborate codes to protect in=mation4 ,:at's m1 !y might be less cumb]some ?an codes on an #h-;bit ma*9e4 ,look1 too1 = electronic design t lets y\r comput] e/abli% privilege levels--rea*able ?r\gh passwords4 ,t way1 ,sally1 ! new secret>y1 c />t out gett+ into ! comput] only = ^w process+4 ,hel51 ! payroll cl]k1 c h access to confid5tial sal>y in=mation b n a top-secret budget t doesn't give h] ! raise %e's be5 pe/]+ y ab\t4 ,que/ions exi/ ab\t ! effectiv5ess ( passwords & codes1 at lea/ :5 ! ?ieves or snoops may be sophi/icat$1 b t's ano!r /ory4 ,mo/ exp]ts w tell y t any?+ t c be cod$ c be crack$4 ,! trick is to make x n wor? ! crim9als' "t & res\rces4 ,( c\rse1 ! be/ safegu>d is /ill ! simple/3 lock+ up ! disks & comput] aft] y or y\r p are ?r\gh4 ,new m9is1 by ! "t y're read+ ?is1 may all be #fd bit or high]4 ,!y adapt to codes--& fancy electronic logs %[+ ! k9d ( "w done on !m--m easily ?an d micros4 ,& !y might ju/ify o!r co/ly security measures4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 y want to foll[ ! _m gov]nm5t ag5cies' examples & p5 9 ! t9y radio waves t comput]s emit s t eavesdropp]s c't pick !m up ) s5sitive receiv]s4 ,a micro =tifi$ ?is way might co/ p]haps #aj1jjj4 8,:at's ! s5se ( do+ t = :at's ess5tially a ?r[away comput]80 asks ,h>old ,joseph ,highl&4 ,! 8?r[away10 be assur$1 is an exagg]ation1 b 8 po9t comes ?r\gh4 ,( c\rse1 don't =get ! disadvantages ( m9is4 ,mo/ ma*9es at ! m9i level or above ne$ pr(essional programm]s1 & t's bad news if y're try+ to /ay 9 complete *>ge ( y\r bus9ess4 ,also1 m9is1 because ( _! exp5se1 normally won't pay = !mselves unless !y h at lea/ sev]al t]m9als4 ,& ! m t]m9als y h1 ! m 8doors0 ?r\gh :i* crooks c 8walk40 ,/ill1 y normally %\ldn't let security alone det]m9e if y end up ) a micro or ) a m9i4 ,rememb] ! w>n+ e>li] 9 ?is *apt] t security co/s %\ldn't ov]:elm y4 ,h[ (t51 = in/ance1 is y\r in=mation s s5sitive t y're worri$ ab\t crim9als lurk+ 9 ! bu%es ) ! elaborate equipm5t ne$$ to make s5se ( ! t9y waves y\r comput] emits8 ,y\r data might n ev5 ju/ify use ( codes4 ,i myself hav5't ! slighte/ ne$ = codes1 us]-privilege levels1 any?+ o!r ?an lock+ up my disks1 s9ce ,i'm ess5tially a small bus9essman :o is ! sole op]ator ( a micro4 ,ev5 ! ,,fbi doesn't really worry ab\t security on "s comput]s4 ,at ! "t ,i visit$ ! ag5cy's academy 9 ,virg9ia1 sev]al little ,radio ,%ack models 7 purr+ away !re--! same k9d y'd buy (f ! %elf4 ,! micros' s(tw>e _h passwords1 b "s ag5ts c\ld bypass !m1 anyway1 :i* w\ldn't be necess>y1 ( c\rse1 s9ce1 9 ?is case1 ! ,,fbi wants ! ma*9es to be us$4 ,be=e saddl+ y\rself ) fancy electronic precautions1 d see if a security s]vice1 a good1 heavy safe1 a lock$ room1 or a burgl> al>m w\ld "w in/ead4 ,& :at ab\t simply c>ry+ home "s duplicates ( y\r mo/ important floppies8 ,t possibility w become increas+ly attractive z ! disks' /orage capacity increases4 ,?is isn't to say1 h[ev]1 t y %\ld /ore ,exxon's major corporate secrets 9 a dirty unlock$ draw] next to old und]we>4 ,b a small bus9essman might consid] tak+ 8 backup disks home4 ,if y buy a safe = y\r (fice's disks or tapes1 ?9k ab\t fire protection4 ,*eck ) y\r fire dep>tm5t4 ,:at makes ( safes c\ld be 9 ! middle ( ! flames )\t ! disks suff]+ temp]atures ( m ?an #aae degrees ,fahr5heit8 ,inve/igat+ locks & burgl> al>ms1 y'll le>n t y\r comput] may be able to protect itself4 ,h[8 ,"s gadgets c let only c>d-c>ry+ employees--y\r p ) magnetic c>ds--ent] a room4 ,& !y c tie into ! comput] to save y money4 ,! same applies to burgl> al>ms4 ,( c\rse1 y might want no?+ fanci] ?an a /rong lock bolt+ y\r comput] to a heavy table4 ,don't sp5d m ?an ! data are wor? to replace4 ,y might also consid] a gu>d s]vice4 ,! problem is t sal>ies add up ev5 = quick nighttime *ecks4 ,aft] a few mon?s or a ye>1 y may be well on y\r way to hav+ %ell$ out ! co/ ( an elaborate electronic security sy/em4 ,gu>ds normally w\ld be m appropriate = us]s ( l>ge m9is & ma9frames ?an = desktop types4 ,"o advantage ( physical security--mo/ any k9d--is t x c protect ! comput] equipm5t itself1 n j y\r electronic files4 ,y've und\bt$ly read ( !ft ( comput] *ips f ,silicon ,valley firms4 ,n[ be prep>$ = reports ( widespread comput] !ft1 ev5tually1 z ! m>ket gr[s = bo? legally b\ght & f5c$ m]*&ise4 ,) comput]s %r9k+ 9 size1 !y may well be an ev5 hott] item = f5ces ?an /ol5 ,selectrics4 ,ev5 ,apples sev]al ye>s ago 7 too intimidat+ to a burgl>1 l ! "o :o /ole ! silv]w>e ( an acqua9tance ( m9e b pass$ ov] 8 comput]4 ,be assur$1 ?\gh1 t crooks are increas+ly comput] lit]ate4 ,!re's ev5 talk ( ! mob mov+ into comput] crime1 raid+ gov]nm5t files1 &1 presumably1 engag+ 9 less *all5g+ illegalities1 l sett+ up comput]-f5c+ r+s4 ,) comput] crooks 9 ! future be+ sm>t] & m organiz$1 y %\ld ?9k h>d be=e dep5d+ on simply passwords or codes to protect y4 ,fir/1 assume t at lea/ "s p may try to unravel y\r puzzles4 ,a :ole g5]ation ( prodigies "r n[ is practic+ by copy+ ! suppos$ly uncopyable comput] games on disks4 ,9 effect1 notes ,*urbuck1 ! ,new ,hamp%ire lawy]1 ea* disk provides two puzzles4 ,"o is ! orig9al game4 ,! o!r is ! puzzle ( figur+ out h[ to make illicit copies4 ,& at ! ,univ]sity ( ,we/]n ,ont>io1 ,pr(4 ,john ,c>roll survey$ /ud5ts 9 two advanc$ comput] c\rses & f\nd t "o-?ird _h s\ght free1 illegal comput] "t4 ,x's be5 po9t$ out t ! v be/1 ! v brighte/1 /ud5ts h too _m legitimate opportunities--on l>ge sy/ems--to worry ab\t pillag+ small comput]s4 ,& t may be true4 ,b by ! late #aihjs or e>ly #aiijs1 "s j\rneyman crim9als may develop among ! second-rat]s4 ,second1 don't %rug (f a w>n+ f ,r4 ,e4 7,bob7 ,kukrall1 au?or ( ! h&book ,comput] ,audit+1 ,security & ,controls3 8,crack+ a comput] sy/em's def5ses may be ab\t z difficult z do+ a h>d ,sunday crossword puzzle40 ,he says t ?ieves manag$ 9 m9utes to call up comput] files t 7 protect$ by a five-digit code numb]4 ,!y j programm$ ! comput] itself to try ea* ( #ajj1jjj comb9ations4 8,9 effect ! spe$ & capabilities ( ! comput] 7 us$ to violate its own security10 ,kukrall said 9 ,tele,systems ,j\rnal4 ,h[ ! ,national ,enquir] ,gets ,"s ,security along ) ,b>ga9 ,communications ,"s ,national ,enquir] report]s s5d 9 /ories via comput]s1 b !re's little dang] ( rival tabloids spy+ on ! comput] collect+ ! articles4 ,! reason8 ,!re's no receiv+ comput]1 actually--j an auto-answ] modem rigg$ up to a dot-matrix t spews out pap] copies at sev]al hundr$ words a m9ute4 ,! modem & pr9t] c't s5d messages or relay /ories else:]e4 ,b :o ne$s t--n :5 "s comput]-sm>t ,national ,/> report] might give 8 eye tee? to f9d out :at ! competition is up to8 ,to be sure1 ! s*eme has "s problems3 ,! ,enquir] c't transf] ! report]s' /ories to a comput] !re = edit+1 s9ce !y are on pla9 old pap] b n 9 an electronic =mat4 ,editors1 h[ev]1 heavily rewrite ! orig9al /ories4 ,captur+ report]s' key-/rokes = ! typesett] w\ldn't help z mu* z at an ord9>y newspap]4 ,!oretically someone c\ld /ill /eal ! h>d copy 7j z he or %e c\ld sneak (f ) a floppy disk74 ,! sy/em isn't secure aga9/ telephone tapp]s :o c\ld translate ! modem :9es4 ,/ill1 ! sy/em is dirt-*eap4 ,if kn[l$geable1 y c\ld probably replicate x = less ?an #ejj = ! pr9t] & modem4 ,& y c\ld s5d to x ) j a #djj lap-siz$ portable4 ,beyond t1 ! ,enquir]'s arrangem5t may be saf] ?an leav+ an unprotect$ comput] on ! phone to collect un5crypt$ files4 ,!n !re's ! ,dalton s*ool case 9 ,new ,york ,city 9 :i* ! f\r culprits1 age ?irte51 violat$ silicon sanctity hundr$s ( miles away4 ,! f$s caught up ) !m be=e !y c\ld /eal ,pepsi ,cola1 by coax+ an ord] out ( a w>eh\se4 ,b ano!r comput] didn't f>e s well4 ,! ?irte5-ye>-olds de/roy$ m ?an "o-fif? ( ! #ej million bits 9 ! ma*9e's memory1 inspir+ a magaz9e writ] to call !m 8electronic ,huns40 ,m rec5tly1 ! #dad ,gang out ( ,milwaukee--nam$ aft] _! telephone area code--broke into comput]s across ! c\ntry4 ,^! half-doz5 or s high s*ool /ud5ts1 tapp+ on home micros1 broke into m ?an sixty comput]s & among o!r ?+s !y3 ,hook$ up ) a ,,vax #aa_/ghj at ,sloan-,kett]+ ,canc] ,c5t] 9 ,new ,york4 ,eighty hospitals across ! ,u4,s4 7 us+ ! comput] to help treat hundr$s ( radio!rapy pati5ts4#ee ,broke into an unclassifi$ comput] at ! ,los ,alamos nucle> laboratory4 ,p5etrat$ a ,security ,pacific ,bank comput] 9 ,los ,angeles4 ,t may n h be5 s mu* a *all5ge4 ,! acc\nt "n & password bo? 7 8,,sy/em0--a ^w t _m comput] manufactur]s r\t9ely put 9 new ma*9es & t _! cu/om]s (t5 =get to take out4 8,,te/10 8,,demo10 & 8,,ma9t5ance0 are o!r old /&bys4 ,footnote #ee3 ,! #dad invad]s =tunately didn't alt] radio!rapy in=mation4 ,b !y report$ly did zap a file us$ to bill cu/om]s a total ( #a1ejj = comput] use4 ,if te5ag]s c wreak ,attilan havoc & snoop on a bank comput]1 !n ?9k ( adults4 ,s use passwords & codes1 kn[+ _! vuln]abilities4 ,try1 anyway1 to give comput] crack]s a good *all5ge by avoid+ use ( obvi\s passwords l /reet names or ^? ( wives or *ildr54 ,consid] a two-level password2 also1 maybe "o ) two words ( pure gibb]i%2 t's :at ,compu,serve does4 ,&1 obvi\sly1 purge ! comput] ( /&>d passwords 9 ! 8,,sy/em0 ve94 ,if y\r sy/em p]mits dial+ 9 ?r\gh a modem1 see if x c limit ! numb] ( tries t p c make be=e ! modem hangs up ! phone4 ,y\r dial-up comput] %\ld s5d its "n until ! call] has giv5 ! "r ,,id4 ,be c>eful ( ov]ly helpful prompts t lead call]s on to ! next /ep4 8,a prompt say+1 #8,hi6 ,?is is ! ,la/ ,national ,bank ,disbursem5t ,dep>tm5t1' sort ( gives ! game away1 doesn't x80 says a ,creative ,comput+ article lay+ out precautions4 ,also1 *ange passwords regul>ly4 ,& if an employee's leav+8 ,*ange ! access codes4 ,"h's :at ,i'd pond] if %opp+ = a password or encryption sy/em3 #a4 ,h[ h>d1 exactly1 w\ld x be to puzzle out8 ,j h[ _m comb9ations w\ld a comput] crack] h to try8 ,c\ld he easily d ?is ?r\gh 8 own ma*9e--or y\rs8 ,y might want to consult a cryptography exp]t to le>n h[ mu* ( a *all5ge ?is p>ticul> program w\ld be4 ,y'd be surpris$4 ,y may see ! manufactur]'s claims in/antly deflat$4 #b4 ,h[ compatible is ! program ) y\r comput]8 ,if security is s important1 *oose ! protective s(tw>e fir/1 !n ! h>dw>e--assum+1 ( c\rse1 t x w run y\r applications programs4 #c4 ,is ! security program easy to use8 ,if x's too h>d1 x'll be self-defeat+4 8,ease ( use0 w\ld include h[ mu* "t ! security s(tw>e adds to y\r normal tasks4 #d4 ,are y c]ta9 ! program won't jeop>dize ! accuracy & complet5ess ( y\r files by mak+ y m accid5t-prone8 #e4 ,%\ld y exp& y\r sy/em1 w ! security s(tw>e be able to gr[ along8 #f4 ,d y want a public key encryption sy/em8 ,x works ?is way4 ,y pass out a code t p c use 9 s5d+ messages to y4 ,only y h ! means to unscramble !m1 ?\gh4 #g4 ,w y\r code be bas$ on ! ,data ,encryption ,/&>d 7,,des71 publi%$ by ! ,u4,s4 gov]nm5t & repeat$ly te/$ by ! ,national ,security ,ag5cy 7,,nsa7 & ! ,national ,bureau ( ,/&>ds8 ,to ?is day ! rumors p]si/ t ,,nsa has built 9 a trap door to snoop on ,,des-/yle codes4 ,true8 ,i don't "k4 ,capta9 ,zap says1 8,i don't tru/ x4 ,i don't ?9k ,,nsa w\ld h approv$ x if !y c\ldn't crack x40 ,,nsa-approv$ codes are ov]kill 9 all b ! mo/ s5sitive sy/ems4 ,tel5et has a special int]e/ 9 encryption s(tw>e4 ,x is ! network into :i* ?\s&s ( comput] us]s dial to rea* o!r ma*9es & s]vices l ,! ,s\rce4 ,9 #aihd ,tel5et claim$ to be ! fir/ public network (f]+ encryption s(tw>e--a package = ! ,,ibm & clones t uses ! public-key me?od & sells = some:]e "u #fjj4 8,y h a directory t has all ! public keys 9 x10 said ,claudia ,h\/on1 ,tel5et public affairs manag]1 expla9+ ! ,phasor s(tw>e's op]ation4 8,y look up ! guy's key t y want to s5d a message to4 ,y pun* t key & y\r message gets encrypt$40 ,= a two-page message1 a ,tel5et man says t might take ?irty seconds4 ,!n y're ready to s5d ov] ! phone l9es4 ,ev5 if someone wiretaps y1 !oretically1 he won't be able to puzzle out y\r secrets4 ,,mci ,mail also (f]s encryption--?r\gh a cu/omiz$ v]sion ( a popul> communication program--& o!r electronic networks w und\bt$ly foll[ suit4 8,black boxes10 or h>dw>e t scrambles messages1 might likewise help2 ! topic is too complex = me to cov] "h 9 ! detail x des]ves4 ,?is equipm5t usually co/s well into ! ?\s&s4 ,"o security exp]t1 ,j4 ,mi*ael ,nye1 ev5 puts out a consum]'s guide to black boxes4#ef ,a good black box c\ld be j a special modem ) scrambl+ circuits built 94 8,if no "o else produces a good1 l[-co/ modem ) encryption10 says ,nye1 8,i might />t do+ x myself40 ,footnote #ef3 ,aft] writ+ a draft ( ?is *apt]1 ,i help$ ,nye prep>e a section ( 8 black box guide4 ,i f9d x to be useful1 b ov]ly te*nical = "s lay p4 ,nye may be rea*$ at ,m>ket+ ,consultants ,int]national1 ,suite #bad1 #ajj ,we/ ,wa%+ton ,/41 ,hag]/[n1 ,md4 #bagdj4 ,call #cja_/gia-jbij = ! late/ in=mation ab\t ! guide's price & o!r details4 ,capta9 ,zap's ,wisdom on ,protect+ ,y\r ,dial-up ,comput] ,! ,capta9 & fri5ds /ole--via comput] connections--ov] #ajj1jjj 9 goods & #bab1jjj 9 s]vices1 includ+ a #ac1jjj ,hewlett-,pack>d m9icomput]4 ,he receiv$ a #a1jjj f9e & two & "o-half ye>s' probation1 ) fifte5 h\rs a week community s]vice4 ,f> f be+ #ajj-p]c5t antie/abli%m5t1 h[ev]1 ,zap is a ,philadelphia ,republican fond ( w+ tips4 78,!y %[ good bre$+407 ,& a comput] security consultant1 a cli5t1 praises him z 8a damn good te*nician40 ,a comput]-crime exp]t nam$ ,jay ,bloom,becker isn't s ke5 on ! use ( e-crim9als 9 security3 8,!re are a lot ( p j z bright :o h /ay$ )9 ! law40 ,reg>dless1 ,zap has "s good tips = security-m9d$ comput] us]s1 especially ^? ) dial-up ma*9es4 ,among !m3 ,don't ?9k ( comput]s z gods4 8,rememb]1 !re's j ano!r human at ! o!r end40 ,spread out y\r comput] numb]s2 y might ev5 use diff]5t telephone ex*anges4 ,don't h numb]s adjac5t to ea* o!r--l #eee-abab next to #eee-abac4 ,if y d1 y\r comput]s w be easi] t>gets = hack]s ) ,war,games-/yle dial+ programs t scan local ex*anges = comput] numb]s4 ,t's good advice f ,zap4 ,9 ! same ve91 ev5 if y h j "o micro1 y might consid] try+ to get a phone numb] 9 an ex*ange miles f y\r actual location4 ,y might ev5 want to use a tie l9e to ano!r city4 ,x all dep5ds on :e!r y ?9k ! co/s w\ld ju/ify ! add$ protection2 = _m bus9esses !y w\ldn't4 ,also1 y might keep y\r modem numb] secret f p :o don't ne$ to "k4 ,a ,hollywood director1 fe>ful t comput]-sm>t sci5ce-fiction fans might tap into 8 dial-up ma*9e1 us$ su* a precaution4 ,only he & 8 regul> call]s knew ! numb]4 ,8 sup]-secretive approa* obvi\sly w\ldn't h work$ 9 a typical bus9ess1 especially "o ) _m phone l9es com+ 94 ,also1 no?+'s foolpro(2 suppose an electronic snoop unlocks y\r build+'s wire closet4 ,if possible1 use modems fa/] ?an #a1bjj baud4 ,!n1 says ,zap1 8mo/ hack]s' modems c't keep up40 ,mo/ small comput]s' modems transmit at #cjj baud1 ab\t #cjj lett]s or numb]s a second4 ,rememb] t hack]s c be +5i\s4 8,don't be smug j because y h a dial-back modem4 ,t's a device t makes call]s tap out a special code1 & !n x r+s !m back at _! au?oriz$ location4 ,y c get ar\nd x by ty+ into ! c5tral (fice & sett+ up a ?ree-way call--)\t anyone he>+ y4 ,i "k hack]s c set up ?ree-way calls4 ,i've done x myself40 ,protective devices1 h[ev]1 are bett] ?an no?+ at all4 8,despite _! limitations1 ,i'd /ill in/all a call-back arrangem5t or a device t ask$ y = a code--or maybe a comb9ation ( ! two4 ,a comb9ation usually w\ld be mu* bett]40 ,don't get hung up on protect+ y\r dial-up comput] ) j h>dw>e or j s(tw>e--use bo?4 8,black boxes c help keep ! wrong p f break+ 94 ,b y also ne$ good security s(tw>e to control h[ deeply ev5 au?oriz$ p c get into y\r comput]4 ,y want "s p--l cu/om]s--to h only p>tial access to ! goodies inside y\r sy/em40 ,wat* :at y ?r[ away4 8,"s hack]s c log onto y\r dial-up comput] aft] fir/ pok+ ?r\gh y\r tra%--= pr9t\ts ) passwords & simil> mat]ial40 ,ano!r hack] jok+ly ref]s to 8,! ,demp/] ,dump/] ,libr>y40 ,don't lose track ( security ?reats ar\nd y\r (fice itself :ile worry+ ab\t modems & encryption4 ,w\ld y believe t y c't absolutely erase an electronic file--say1 a lett] or report on y\r disk--j by foll[+ ! directions 9 y\r s(tw>e8 ,a snoop might recov] ! in=mation ) a special program l ,disk ,doctor4 ,luckily1 h[ev]1 y c zap a s5sitive file by magnetically 8writ+0 ov] its "p ( ! disk4 ,say y want to wipe out a lett] #ejj words long1 ,file ,a4 ,well1 d ! foll[+3 #a4 ,see if y\r disk has a file at lea/ #ejj or #fjj words long4 ,if s1 make a copy4 ,if n1 type out a file t long4 ,i'll call ?is new file 8,b40 #b4 8,write0 ,file ,b's cont5ts "u ,a's "n4 8,ov]write0 9 o!r words4 #c4 ,erase ,a4 ,to really erase an entire disk8 ,well1 don't dep5d on y\r comput]'s 8copy0 program or 8=mat0 program4 ,in/ead1 j sweep a magnet ov] x--)9 a qu>t] in* or s4#eg ,footnote #eg3 ,my ?anks to ,j4 ,mi*ael ,nye1 = call+ my att5tion to ! problems ( incomplete erasures4 ,ed ,bigel[1 ( ,adevco1 a ,p5nsylvania company sell+ networks to l9k comput]s 9 ! same (fice1 also 0 helpful4 ,s mu* = ! ,james ,bond k9d ( data security4 ,n[ on to c(fee spill$ on floppy disks4 ,:e!r x's c(fee or ,coke1 unless y're c>eful1 y're possibly go+ to be y\r own bigge/ data-security ?reat4 ,j ask p l ,betty ,cappucci1 a quality-control manag] ) ! ,d5nison ,kybe ,corporation 9 ,kopk9ton1 ,massa*usetts4 8,mo/ ( ! "t10 %e says ( return$ disks1 8x isn't ! disk--x's spit or f+]pr9ts4 ,all y h to d is look at (fices ) p eat+ _! lun* ne> _! comput]s40 8,we see disks com+ back ) cig>ette a%es & c(fee /a9s10 said ,jack ,fitzg]ald1 :o at ! "t 0 a field eng9e] ) ano!r disk mak]4 ,& x isn't j ! v smalle/ comput] us]s :o abuse _! disks4 8,! big problem 9 comput] facilities10 he says1 8(t5 is cleanl9ess4 ,i've be5 to a l>ge inve/m5t firm 9 ,new ,york ,city & se5 apple cores on ! floor1 ,big ,mac conta9]s ne> ! disks4 ,& yet !y 7 compla9+ ( data-loss problems4 8,?is 0 a major inve/m5t firm ) all sorts ( ads on news programs & football games ab\t h[ c>efully !y protect$ y\r money10 says ,fitzg]ald4 8,no inve/or lo/ money 9 ?is case because ! firm at lea/ _h backup disks4 ,b ! company itself lo/ ?\s&s ( doll>s ( process+ "t--money !y c\ld h sp5t help+ _! inve/ors e>n m40 ,a programm] ) a ,florida acc\nt+ firm1 h[ev]1 didn't ev5 h a backup :5 8 disk cra%$ on a l>ge comput]4 8,he 0 actually cry+ on ! phone10 ,fitzg]ald recalls4 8,he _h lo/ two disks4 ,& he 0 will+ to pay #bj1jjj to get data (f !m4 ,8 job 0 on ! l9e4 8,i've _h disk cra%es myself10 ,fitzg]ald says1 discuss+ 8 (f-h\rs "w on 8 micro4 8,i 0 develop+ a small game simil> to ,space ,invad]s4 ,i lo/ p[] on my comput] & ab\t ?ree h\rs ( "w4 ,i ignor$ "o ( my basic rules1 :i* is to back up ab\t e #bj l9es--make a copy on a second disk40 ,capta9 ,zap's rule is1 8,e fifte5 m9utes1 save on bo? disks40 ,t's extreme4 ,l all =ms ( security1 apply ?is 9 relation to ! tr\ble x w\ld take to recov] a loss4 ,ev5 ,paul ,lutus1 fam\s 9 ! indu/ry = 8 "w develop+ ,apple s(tw>e1 has a sc>y cra% /ory4#eh ,footnote #eh3 ,! ,lutus /ory is f ,popul> ,comput+4 ,he'd toil$ to develop a new program1 ( :i* he took two copies to ! company4 ,an electronic glit* co/ him "o ( ! copies4 ,! sun melt$ ! o!r4 ,x seems t ,/eve ,jobs1 an ,apple c(\nd]1 _h put ! disk "u ! w9d%ield ( 8 c>4 8,i end$ up v c>efully pry+ ap>t ! case ( ,jobs's copy & swit*+ ! floppy disk inside to ano!r case s we c\ld recov] ! programs10 ,lutus says4 8,i hav5't always be5 s lucky4444 ,= me ! bigge/ drawback to p]sonal comput+ is ! quality ( ! mass /orage4 ,i dislike floppy disks int5sely40 ,"h's h[ y c help y\r floppies & data survive ?reats m imm$iate--slopp9ess & /upidity3 #a4 ,zeal\sly en=ce a no-dr9k+1 no-eat+ policy ar\nd disks1 at lea/ if tr\ble develops4 #b4 ,rememb] ! ,ro?man ,dirt ,dom9o ,!ory4 ,dirt1 du/1 & grease (t5 c sneak up on y\r floppies indirectly1 9 /ages4 ,y />t ) clean h&s4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 !y fall dom9o /yle :5 y t\* a dirty table or "o ) y\r (fice mate's subm>9e-s&wi* dripp+s4 ,y return to y\r own desk briefly be=e y y\rself leave = lun*4 ,y don't "w ) floppies !n1 & y wa% y\r h&s aft] eat+1 b dur+ y\r brief /op at y\r desk be=e lun*1 y've already left a trace ( grease beh9d1 anyway4 ,y\r disk box picks x up :5 y set x on ! wrong spot on ! desk4 ,!n1 work+ ) ! floppies1 y lay "o atop ! box4 ,n[ ! disk itself fails4 ,alas1 mo/ disk failures ar5't gradual l a record+ t gets progressively noisi] until y c't /& to li/5 to x anymore--!y t5d to be sudd5 & total4 #c4 ,realize t floppies don't always mix well ) (fice mat]ials t correct errors ! old-fa%ion$ way--eras]s1 = in/ance1 :ite-out fluid1 or t unavoidably flaky correction tape4 #d4 ,"k ab\t o!r natural enemies ( floppies or at lea/ ( ! data on !m4 ,bew>e ( airport metal detectors4 ,a disk mak] says ?is isn't a problem2 b don't gamble1 s9ce a magnetic detector1 misadju/$1 might /ill mu% y\r data4 ,bew>e1 too1 ( telephones atop disks3 ! magnets 9 !m are p[]ful4 #e4 ,don't ev5 let y\r floppies re/ aga9/ y\r comput]'s scre51 :i*1 l a television's1 c be full ( /atic electricity1 attract+ du/4 #f4 ,rememb] t ! m in=mation y c pack on a floppy1 ! m vuln]able x may be to damage f dirt1 f+]pr9ts1 magnetic fields1 & o!r causes4 #g4 ,clean y\r disk heads4 ,don't use rubb+ alcohol4 8,try some?+ l a ,freon-bas$ mat]ial ) #ia p]c5t pure alcohol10 ,fitzg]ald says4 8,y c get x at "s comput] /ores40 ,or1 aft] e tw5ty h\rs ( op]ation1 use a clean+ diskette1 ?ree ( :i* typically come 9 a #ae package4 ,ea* disk1 says ,fitzg]ald1 w la/ ab\t ?irty clean+s4 #h4 ,h head alignm5t *eck$1 to r$uce disk errors4 ,) heads out ( :ack1 y\r ma*9e may be ! only "o t c read y\r disks--n ev5 id5tical ma*9es4 ,a crude way ( assur+ prop] alignm5ts1 9 fact1 might be to see if o!r ma*9es c read disks writt5 on y\r micro4 #i4 ,buy quality disks4 ,( c\rse1 ! m y sp5d on disks1 ! m exp5sive y\r backups become--disc\rag+ y f mak+ !m4 ,f9d a balance betwe5 co/ & conv5i5ce t suits y\r security ne$s4 ,tim+--t's ! secret to sav+ y\r electronic diamonds or rh9e/ones on y\r floppies1 :atev] ! quality4 ,9 ! pa/1 work+ j ) pap]1 tim+ meant to me no?+ m ?an ! ,ro?man ,*ronological ,me?od4 ,! new] ! docum5t on my desk1 ! clos] x w\ld be to ! top ( ! file4 ,x wasn't ! mo/ effici5t way4 ,b ,i r>ely lo/ mat]ial1 j tempor>ily misplac$ x4 ,comput]iz+1 h[ev]1 ,i worri$4 8,floppies are trea*]\s10 my fri5d ,mi*ael ,canyes said l a ,john ,bir*] discuss+ commies4 8,!y always trick y :5 y lea/ expect x40 8,?anks10 ,i said4 8,! way y're enc\rag+ me to comput]ize1 ,i'm beg9n+ to ?9k y actually want to sabotage me4 ,help me lose my manuscripts & all t40 8,j back up y\r copy page or s10 ,mi*ael said4 8,isn't t a lot ( tr\ble80 8,maybe tw5ty seconds4 ,!n y're protect$ if ! p[] fails4 ,or maybe y\r comput]4 ,y c't af=d to h y\r mat]ial /or$ j 9 on y\r *ip4 ,x's j tempor>y4 ,y cut (f ! curr5t a fraction ( a second1 x'll =get ev]y?+4 ,y've got to get y\r /uff on ! disk ,,asap40 ,all "r1 ,i suppos$ my creative juices w\ldn't dry up dur+ ! half m9ute ! disk drive 0 :irr+4 8,! #8,save' comm& on ,word,star is ,,ks10 ,mi*ael said4 8,j hold d[n ! #8,control' button on y\r comput] :ile y're do+ t4 ,!n y'll he> a :ir & ! disk drive click+ away40 ,someh[ my ,kaypro 0 com+ across z an animal to be f$ dur+ tra9+2 ! click+ c\ld be ! s\nd ( a dog *omp+ up c&i$ biscuits aft] a successful lesson4 8,y're also go+ to make backup disks10 ,mi*ael said4 8,sort ( l electronic c>bon pap]40 8,i don't h "t10 ,i said4 8,y'll f9d "t4 ,y c d x 9 j a m9ute or s4 ,y c ev5 use a scrat* disk to be safe40 8,:at's a scrat* disk80 8,suppose ! p[] fail$ or some?+ w5t wrong ) y\r ma*9e :ile y 7 mak+ y\r copy10 ,mi*ael said4 8,!n y c\ld be up ! creek )\t a paddle4 ,y might lose bo? ! orig9al & ! copy40 8,s80 8,t's :y y h a scrat* disk4 ,y copy on x fir/4 ,if some?+ goes haywire1 !n y're /ill safe4 ,because1 dur+ y\r la/ "w session1 y made a backup40 8,!oretically10 ,i said4 8,& if some?+ goes wrong :ile y're record+ on y\r p]man5t backup disk1 !n y c j "w f ! scrat* disk4 ,x's j :at x s\nds1 sort ( a scrat* pad40 8,oh1 ,i'll use pap]1 ?ank y10 ,i p]si/$4 8,! be/ backup yet4 ,x'll be ye>s be=e x falls ap>t4 ,& :o kn[s8 ,maybe by !n ! ,libr>y ( ,congress w be pres]v+ my manuscripts40 ,mi*ael )held a guffaw4 8,well1 ,i c type a mean /reak on my ,selectric10 ,i said4 8,i c get my /uff back into ! comput] 9 no "t40 ,always ! pati5t tea*]1 ,mi*ael didn't argue4 ,presumably1 h[ev]1 ano!r writ] n[adays w\ld h agre$ ) ,mi*ael imm$iately4 ,8 editors _h be5 look+ =w>d to hav+ ! pr9t] set type f ! disk he'd submit ) ! pap] v]sion ( 8 manuscript--a cr[d$ floppy /or+ e s+le byte f 8 toil4 ,!n ! editors c\ld br+ ! book out six or eight weeks fa/]1 ) ! disk 9 ! pr9t]'s h&s4 ,b 9 ?is unlucky man's case ! disk nev] rea*$ ! pr9t]'s hungry comput]--he hadn't1 alas1 made an electronic copy4 ,a case ( hubris if ev] !re 0 "o4 ,y might avoid su* traumas by foll[+ ! ,ro?man ,*ronological ,me?od ,,ii 7,,rcm ,,ii71 a lazy man's =m ( data security = ^? ) fa/ pr9t]s3 #a4 ,e five m9utes or s1 type out ! 8,,ks0 or an equival5t & dump y\r "w ( ! mom5t into ! disk--=1 ideally1 p]man5t pres]vation4 #b4 ,e half an h\r make a pr9t\t ( y\r rec5t "w4 ,) a fa/ pr9t]1 t'll /ill be fa/] ?an mess+ ar\nd ) an electronic copy at ?is po9t4 ,rememb]1 y /ill h ! backup disk f y\r la/ "w session4 ,s ev5 if ! orig9al fails1 y'll ne$ to re5t] j ! newe/ mat]ial4 #c4 ,e day make y\r backup floppy4 ,y might =get ab\t ! scrat* disk & make two copies4 ,:at ab\t work+ ) h>d disks8 ,well1 ,w9*e/]s are m dep5dable ?an floppies4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y commonly /ore _m times m mat]ial ?an d ! s(t disks--mean+ p]haps a fiftyfold increase 9 y\r agony if "o fails4 8,always try to use an un9t]ruptible p[] supply ) y\r ,w9*e/]10 w>ns ,fitzg]ald1 ^: =m] company produces h>d disks z well z floppies4 ,"s manufactur]s say _! h>d disks don't ne$ ?is protection4 ,b1 9 g5]al1 x's a good idea2 "h's :y4 ,normally1 ! head pick+ up ! magnetic patt]ns is only t5 or tw5ty ?\s&?s ( an in* f ! oxide-coat$ disk4 ,! disk is alum9um--& %e>-prone 9 ! ev5t ( a cra%4 ,in/ead ( ! typical s(t :irl1 y'll he> an e>-pi]c+ squeal l a c> brake out ( adju/m5t1 except t ! aft]ma? w be m co/ly4 ,repairs may run into ! hundr$s ( doll>s1 n to m5tion ! loss ( data4 ,n e p[] failure w produce a disk cra%4 ,b :y gamble ) y\r ,w9*e/] & its data8 ,an un9t]ruptible p[] supply w protect !m by pump+ out juice long en\gh = y to "k some?+ is amiss & %ut ! disk d[n4 ,x sells = sev]al hundr$ doll>s1 commonly1 & is normally wor? x4 8,also10 says ,fitzg]ald1 8be sure ! drive is gr\nd$ & %ield$ z ! manufactur] recomm5ds4 ,if n1 p[] surges c\ld cause x to lose track ( its data40 ,he sugge/s "o m precaution4 ,s9ce ! disk & ! head are s close1 :y n w>n furniture bang]s8 ,?is c\ld *ange4 ,h>d disks are %ock m\nt$ 9 "s portables n[adays1 s t ! equipm5t isn't q t delicate4 ,b ,i'd /ill try n to be too klutzy ar\nd x--& to be c>eful 9 o!r respects4 ,y c back up a ,w9*e/] 9 "o ( sev]al ways3 #a4 ,dump+ to floppies4 ,x's *eap b sl[4 ,!n aga91 y c spe$ up ! process by updat+ only ! files y've be5 work+ on4 ,y j 8write0 ov] !m4 #b4 ,transf]r+ ! ,w9*e/]'s cont5ts to a special tape drive l>ge en\gh to hold !m4 ,?is me?od is fa/ b may co/ y a good #a1ejj4 #c4 ,dump+ to an ord9>y videocassette record]4 ,al?\gh sl[1 x's okay up to ar\nd #ajj megabytes or s1 & y c set ! ,,vcr tim] to 8wat* television0 (f ! ,w9*e/] at night :5 y're n us+ x4 8,int]e/+10 y say1 8b h[ ab\t ! lap-siz$ portable ,i'm consid]+8 ,h[ d ,i protect ! in=mation inside t80 ,! be/ way1 ( c\rse1 is n to lose ! memory & ! re/ ( ! portable2 z a well-practic$ ra9coat =gett]1 ,i'll nev] be ! ideal own] ( a lap-siz$ portable4 ,common s5se1 too1 sugge/s t y n /ore a lap-size portable inside a c> ) ! sun blaz+ d[n--bad news = heat-s5sitive *ips & o!r p>ts4 ,if y\r portable uses a bubble memory1 y\r data-security problems are mild] 9 "s respects ?an ) o!r k9ds4 ,! bubbles are t9y magnetiz$ areas inside a small metal conta9]4 ,magnetiz$ 8nor?10 a bubble might mean a bit specify+ 8"o40 ,magnetiz$ 8s\?10 x c\ld mean z]o4 7,y'll recall t bits =m a byte /&+ = a lett] or numb]47 ,magnetic bubble memories ar5't t mu* fa/] ?an disks1 b !y keep rememb]+ =ev]--unlike ! ,,cmos 7,complem5t>y ,metal ,oxide ,semiconductor7 ,r,a,ms us$ 9 _m portables4 ,an ,,ram w develop amnesia if y\r p[] fails1 & a ,,cmos ,,ram is no diff]5t4 ,x's j t ! ,,cmos keeps ! p[] requirem5ts extral[ s small batt]ies c dribble out ! ne$$ juice aft] y've 8(ficially0 swit*$ y\r ma*9e (f4 ,?is 8hib]nation0 may la/ weeks or mon?s4 7,*eck y\r in/ruction manual47 ,y're 9 great %ape1 h[ev]1 only z long z y\r batt]ies are2 ! ,ev]eady comm]cials may talk ( n9e lives1 b y\r data may h only "o4 ,som$ay y\r c>e may c\nt m ?an ev]4 ,l[-co/ ,,cmos ,r,a,ms may ev5tually /ore ?\s&s ( pages on "o *ip2 & p[] failure might n be ! only risk4 ,imag9e4 ,y c tap out a *apt] ( y\r #a1jjj-page great ,am]ican novel "s bitt] w9t] night1 laz+ on ! rug by y\r fireplace4 ,y\r lov] is /rok+ y\r back &--,,zap6 ,s9ce ,,cmos ,r,a,ms are su* l[-voltages devices1 ?9k :at ?\s&s ( volts f /atic c d4 ,"h's "o solution to ! portables' /atic problems4 ,be=e comput+1 y might dis*>ge y\rself on a ne>by v5t or any?+ else t's gr\nd$4 ,y c also spray y\r home & (fice rugs ) ,/atic ,gu>d or its equival5t4 ,& y also c use a /atic mat--*eap at y\r local comput] /ore--if ! zaps p]si/4 ,:at ab\t a plane ?irty ?\s& feet up8 ,!n y might try dis*>g+ y\rself aga9/ a metal a%tray be=e us+ y\r portable4 ,if x's all pla/ic1 ) no metal p>ts1 by ! way1 y\r risks are mu* less ?an o!rwise4 ,b !y're /ill !re4 ,:atev] /yle portable y're us+1 rememb] ! importance ( backups--h[ev] inconv5i5t or co/ly4 ,?r\gh a cable call$ a null modem1 y c pipe valuable reports f y\r portable to a l>g] comput] a few feet away4 ,y may want to d ?is1 anyh[4 ,y\r lap-siz$ comput] simply may run out ( /orage room mu* m quickly ?an a bigg] ma*9e & may lack floppy disks to spread ^? bits & bytes ar\nd4 ,s make sure y\r portable s(tw>e lets y zip mat]ial back & =? betwe5 ma*9es4 8,& 9 ! field8 ,:at backup te*nique1 !n80 ,well1 y're (t5 /uck ) sl[1 tape-/yle /orage4 ,& m9i-disk drives may be exp5sive & take up room if !y're n already 9 y\r portable4 ,b :y n see if y\r company w let y s5d valuable reports ov] ! phone = tempor>y /orage 9 its big comput]8 ,y c also /a% !m away inside a desktop comput] hook$ up to ! portable ! same way4 ,& !re's yet ano!r answ]4 ,r5t electronic /orage space on a comm]cial comput] network l ,! ,s\rce ( ,compu,serve4 ,9 ! future1 maybe comput] memories--on little portables & desktops alike--won't be s temp]am5tal4 ,p]haps !re w be sup]reliable ,,cmos ,r,a,ms4 ,or h[ ab\t practical1 l[-co/ disks t y use las]s to 8read0 & 8write0 on8 ,dreams1 dreams6 ,mean:ile1 mo/ ( u /ruggle along ) floppies & mu/ keep ?9k+1 ,backup6 ,h&le c>efully6 ,clean6 ,ma9ta96 & ,h[ (t58 ,9 summ>y1 keep ask+ y\rself3 #a4 ,h[ mu* "t or money does x take to ent] y\r data or set up y\r comput] equipm5t8 #b4 ,h[ easily c\ld y duplicate or replace x8 #c4 ,h[ mu* "t or money d y h = copy+1 clean+1 ma9t5ance1 :atev] precaution y're tak+8 ,d keep data security 9 p]spective4 ,rememb]1 ev5 if y mu/ be a zealot at times1 x's j "p ( surviv+ ) y\r comput]4 ,h>old ,joseph ,highl&1 a data-security /alw>t 9 8 "w--a believ] 9 two backup disks ( book manuscripts--tells ( p :o make out v well ) f> less copy+4 ,!y are /ud5ts at ! ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota1 comput]-sci5ce majors1 & !y trudge ?r\gh sn[ & ice c>ry+ unback$-up floppies 9 _! books4 ,_! pr(essors are tol]ant4 ,if a disk fails & a /ud5t's assignm5t is late1 !y und]/&4 ,! /ud5ts c't af=d too _m floppies1 & "s j don't h ! "t = backups4 ,x's ! same1 p]haps1 at c\ntless o!r colleges1 & maybe t's only "r = tw5ty-ye>-olds :o'll le>n soon en\gh ab\t disappo9tm5ts beyond ! campus4 ,b y're 9 bus9ess1 p]haps1 )\t a fri5dly pr(essor ready ) a sympa!tic nod4 ,y\r mak+ regul> backups is j pla9 good s5se1 & if y don't1 y des]ve :at's com+ to y4 ,isn't t :at data security %\ld be ab\t8 ,x ne$n't be ,orwellian at all4 ,if any?+1 9 fact1 ,w9/on ,smi? _h m ( a data-security problem ?an ,big ,bro!r4 ,privacy1 c]ta9ly1 is an important data-security elem5t1 z is :at ! j>goni/s call integrity--accuracy & complet5ess ( files4 ,?9k ( ,w9/on ,smi? & 8 appreciation ( hi/ory & ,big ,bro!r's prop5sity = tamp]+ ) ! cont5ts ( back issues ( ! ,london ,times6 ,ev5 if 8#aihd0 has already become a ye>1 ! numb]1 to true believ]s 9 data security1 rema9s a w>n+4 ,?is w be especially true z m & m ma*9es swap secrets ov] ! wires betwe5 home & (fice4 #aa ,wir$ to ,"w ,john ,full]'s daught] is gr[n n[1 & he's tak5 ov] h] room1 clutt]+ x ) comput] & boat+ magaz9es & 8 ,hea?kit micro4 ,at fir/ glance x looks l ! comput] room ( any ( ?\s&s ( hobbyi/s4 ,y may1 9 fact1 cat* :iffs ( smoke f ,full]'s sold]+ gun4 ,x's an unlikely sett+ = a work+ (fice ( ! ,u4,s4 ,navy4 ,& yet t's exactly :at x 0 :5 ,lieut5ant ,comm&] ,full] respond$ to my notice on an electronic bullet9 bo>d ask+ if anyone at home 0 hook$ up to 8 boss via comput]s4 8,i've be5 gett+ away ) x = six mon?s10 ,full] drawl$ pr\dly4 ,on ! v]ge ( retirem5t f ! navy1 he 0 det]m9$ to telecommute 9 civilian life1 too1 p]haps z a managem5t consultant1 8 milit>y job4 8,x seems fooli% = me to get 9 a c> to g to an (fice10 he said1 8if ,i c g to t (fice by phone4 ,i'm mu* happi] n hav+ to get into traffic = =ty-five m9utes ea* morn+4 ,i c h c(fee & read ! ,wa%+ton ,po/1 & ,i'm n t5se4 ,i "w few] h\rs4 ,b ,i don't h five or six guys to talk to ab\t ball scores1 ei!r4 ,! gov]nm5t's gett+ a bett] deal f me work+ at home40 ,9 fact1 ,electronic ,s]vices ,unlimit$ 7,,esu71 a rese>* firm 9 ,new ,york ,city1 f\nd typical productivity increases betwe5 #ae & #bj p]c5t4 ,s x isn't surpris+ t at lea/ #bej firms1 includ+ "s big names l ,am]ican ,express & ,mc,donald's1 7 all[+ "w at home z ( #aihd4 ,_m m companies might be4 ,!y might h kept quiet1 h[ev]1 fe>+ ei!r 7#a7 union resi/ance or 7#b7 pressure f employees :o want$ to telecommute be=e managem5t 0 ready = !m to d s4 8,i look outside my ,manhattan w9d[ & ?9k "s cities are go+ to be trans=m$--/reets w be empty10 ,info,world quot$ an ,,esu (ficial4 ,t might h be5 /ret*+ x4 ,9 #aihd only sev]al ?\s& p 7 full-"t telecommut]s on a payroll4 ,b ,jack ,m4 ,nilles1 co9] ( ! ^w 8telecommut+10 said ! numb] may h rea*$ tw5ty ?\s& if y includ$ o!r p4#ei ,lone individuals1 /ockbrok]s1 ev5 a s(tw>e h\se organiz$ 8on-l9e10 7 try+ x4 ,& ,nilles1 a future /udies rese>*] at ! ,univ]sity ( ,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 0 pr$ict+ p]haps z _m z t5 million wir$ work]s by #aiij4 ,he said mo/ ( ! t5 million w\ld telecommute only "p "t4 ,/ill1 t w\ld be a huge numb]1 p]haps "o-fif? ( ! in=mation work]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,footnote #ei3 ,nilles is 9 a position to keep track ( /ati/ics associat$ ) telecommut+4 ,he has done num]\s telecommut+ /udies z a s5ior rese>* associate ) ! ,c5t] = ,futures ,rese>* at ! ,univ]sity ( ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,nilles has writt5 an important pione]+ "w 9 ! field--,! ,telecommunications_/,transportation ,trade(f3 ,options = ,tomorr[4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i am indebt$ n only to ,nilles b also to "w t ! ,/an=d ,rese>* ,in/itute did4 ,,sri's ?ree-"p /udy1 complet$ 9 ,may #aigg = ! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 appe>$ "u ! ma9 title ,te*nology ,assessm5t ( ,telecommunications_/,transportation ,int]action4 ,! fir/ "p is ,volume ,i3 ,introduction1 ,sc5>io ,developm5t1 & ,policy ,analysis1 by ,ri*>d ,c4 ,h>kness1 available = #ag4ej 9 pap] & #d4ej on micr(i*e z ,,pb-#bgb-fid1 f ! ,national ,te*nical ,in=mation ,s]vice1 ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce1 #ebhe ,port ,royal ,rd41 ,spr+field1 ,virg9ia #bbafa4 ,! second is ,volume ,,ii3 ,detail$ ,impact ,analysis by ,h>kness2 #gj 9 pap] & #d4ej on micr(i*e1 ,,pb-#bgb-fie4 ,! ?ird is ,volume ,,iii3 ,contributions ( ,telecommunications to ,improv$ ,transportation ,sy/em ,effici5cy by ,a4 ,e4 ,moon & ,j4 ,m4 ,johnson1 ,e4 ,p4 ,meko1 ,h4 ,s4 ,proctor1 & ,c4 ,d4 ,fe9/e92 #ad4ej 9 pap] & #d4ej on micr(i*e1 ,,pb-#bgb-fif4 ,ne$less to say1 ,alv9 ,t(fl]'s ,?ird ,wave 7,new ,york3 ,william ,morr[1 #aihj7 contribut$ greatly to popul> int]e/ 9 ! subject ( telecommut+4 ,y might beat ! cr[d 9 ! mo/ obvi\s way--by becom+ a d-x-y\rself telecommut]1 p]haps )\t ev5 leav+ y\r pres5t job4 8,wir$ to ,"w0 w expla94 ,y'll also le>n h[ y\r company might b5efit f l>ge-scale telecommut+4 ,ev5 small firms c come out ahead4 ,a gr[+ translation s]vice 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 squeez$ into ! basem5t ( ! own]'s home1 l5ds t9y ,radio ,%ack comput]s to work]s4 ,telecommut+ may v well help y\r firm r$uce real e/ate co/s2 hire bett] p1 cl]ical & pr(essional2 & get a head />t on y\r competitors1 mix+ high te* ) dec5cy & manag]ial common s5se4 ,no1 ,i'm n go+ to sugge/ putt+ a 8,= ,sale0 sign tomorr[ on y\r corporate skyscrap]4 ,telecommut+ isn't = e work] or e company4 ,am]ican bureaucracies1 h[ev]1 public & private1 are n yet tapp+ ! full pot5tial ( telecommut+4 ,z f> back z #aigj ,comm]ce ,dep>tm5t /ati/ics %[$ t half ( ,am]ican work]s dealt 9 in=mation1 :e!r x 0 travel ag5t+1 te*nical writ+1 or fill+ out #aj,k =ms4 ,mat* ^? /ati/ics ) ,jack ,nilles's e/imate t m ?an #b4e million nonf>m]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates already "w at home1 & y c appreciate telecommut+'s prospects4 ,full]'s case1 9 p>ticul>1 %[s h[ c\ntless ,am]icans might leap at ! *ance to telecommute4 ,8 employ] 0 a bureaucracy1 a huge "o1 h>dly a tr5dies' citadel1 lack+ an (ficial telecommut+ program1 & yet he c>v$ out 8 own ni*e z a wir$ work]4 ,! ,navy all[$ a few o!r m5 f 8 (fice to write & ?9k at home4 ,b ! res\rceful ,full] w5t a /ep beyond2 he took ! initiative ( hook+ himself up electronically4 ,& he told me1 8,i'll nev] aga9 "w :]e ,i don't want to be40 ,x seem$ s logical4 ,n[ t telecommut+ 0 te*nologically possible1 :y %\ldn't employees ask = x8 ,:y %\ldn't telecommut+ be a grass-roots movem5t among pr(essionals 9 l>ge organizations1 n j ! prov9ce ( corporate plann]s & ri* escapees f ,wall ,/reet8 ,moreov]1 ) 8 d[n-to-e>? wisdom express$ pla9ly 9 a ,georgia acc5t1 ,john ,full] c\ldn't be %rugg$ (f z a dreamy hack]4 ,! puri/s might n h accept$ ,full] into ! telecommut+ fold1 s9ce he 0 /ill sp5d+ at lea/ "o-qu>t] ( 8 =ty-h\r week 9 o!r p's (fices4 ,to me1 ?\gh1 he 0 all ! bett] an illu/ration ( h[ p & companies c\ld gracefully *ange ov]4 ,z an 9-h\se consultant1 ,full] w5t f (fice to (fice1 tell+1 = in/ance1 h[ ! ,naval ,academy c\ld set up a co/-analysis =mula = its laundry or h[ a base comm&] c\ld consolidate two comput] sy/ems4 ,8 8cli5ts0 7 n completely 8on-l9e40 ,& he appreciat$ ! value ( face-to-face meet+s :]e he c\ld smoo? ruffl$ fea!rs ) s\!rn humor4 8,i may look l ano!r alligator10 he w\ld tell bureaucrats intimidat$ by ! pres5ce ( a managem5t consultant1 8& ,i may be tak+ y away f y\r "w1 b ,i ne$ in=mation f y to help y d x bett]40 ,full] w\ld also /ray into 8 boss's (fice f "t to "t = libr>y rese>* & to rem9d p he 0 /ill brea?+4 ,e few days he rem9d$ !m 9 o!r1 m mean+ful ways4 ,he w\ld load up 8 little ,hea? comput] ) disks conta9+ ! report he 0 work+ on & a communications program4 ,! comput] w\ld !n pipe ! output to 8 modem1 :i* sp$ ! results to a ,wang ^w processor 9 8 (fice--well1 8 =m] (fice4 ,a secret>y w\ld capture ! in=mation on a disk1 wat*+ 9 appreciation z ,full]'s "w fla%$ across ! ,wang's scre5 at sev]al hundr$ words p] m9ute4 8,! secret>ies don't admit to be+ ?reat5$10 he said4 8,!y're /ill busy transcrib+ ! /uff ! o!r guys br+ 94 ,& if ! o!rs 7 transmitt+ x l me1 !y'd /ill ne$ to d ! f9al =mat+1 edit+1 ! modifications requir$ ( ^! ?+s4 8,besides1 !re's got to be someone !re :o answ]s ! phone40 ,baby-sitt+ a comput] by ! phone doesn't s\nd l ! mo/ *all5g+ task1 b "o day _m ( ! secret>ies !mselves may "w at home4 ,grant$1 "s managem5t-level work]s worry t telecommut+ w\ld l[] _! own job /atus by =c+ !m to "w keybo>ds4 8,if ,i 7 a civilian at "s companies & ,i sat d[n at a keybo>d & compos$ my day's "w10 ,full] admitt$1 8a cl]k or adm9i/rative-type p]son might compla9 to ! p]sonnel (fice t ,i 0 cl]ical r ?an pr(essional & %\ld be demot$4 8,z ! y\ng] g5]ation ( manag]s gr[s up ) keybo>ds & rises high] 9 ! p[] /ructure10 ,full] said1 h[ev]1 8y'll f9d ! /igma fad+40 ,by c5tury's end1 moreov]1 a voice-controll$ comput] might sell = less ?an #a1jjj4 ,good-bye1 typ+6 ,y may /ill use a keybo>d1 actually--b j to clean up s5t5ces :]e ! comput] confus$ 8sleigh0 ) 8slay0 or muddl$ simil> comb9ations4 ,%\ld y1 !n1 ev5 today1 foll[ ,full]'s example & make y\rself a telecommut]8 ,consid]3 #a4 ,h[ mu* public contact does y\r job require & 9 :at =m8 ,& h[ mu* contact d y h ) y\r c[ork]s8 ,full] didn't ne$ to h /rang]s pass+ ?r\gh 8 (fice4 ,8 job1 r1 call$ = him to g to 8cli5ts40 ,also1 he 0 work+ on 8 own projects1 n entangl$ 9 (fice-wide activities1 & he didn't ne$ con/ant fe$back f 8 boss4 #b4 ,does y\r job require mu* (fice politics1 & h[ secure are y 9 x8 ,john ,full] 0 ab\t to retire4 ,_h he be5 a "y manag] fight+ = a promotion1 he might n h *os5 to rema9 mo/ ( ! "t out ( 8 boss's sight4 ,!n aga91 he did h ! b5efit ( a sup]ior m enlight5$ ?an _m4 ,8 boss want$ results1 n m]e att5dance4 ,m>gre! ,olson1 an associate pr(essor at ,new ,york ,univ]sity's bus9ess s*ool1 w>ns t "s telecommut]s may suff] at promotion "t4 ,%e correctly wond]s ab\t 8! long-t]m c>e] pot5tial ( an employee 9 an environm5t :]e visibility is /ill critical to promotability40 ,9 a #aihb pap] ,olson obs]v$3 8,"s =m ( managem5t by objectives1 ei!r in=mal or =mal1 g5]ally ne$s to replace #8ov] ! %\ld]' sup]vision1 9 _s z well z 9 fact40 ,z %e once said1 8,culture *anges m sl[ly ?an te*nology40 ,keep 9 m9d ! exp]i5ces ( a vice-presid5t ( a ,new ,york consult+ firm :o telecommut$ f ,florida4 ,:5 ! ,new ,york ,times int]view$ him1 he insi/$ t he rema9 nameless1 le/ ! wrong p 9 ! firm f9d out ab\t ! arrangem5t4#fj 8,i /ill ?9k !re's a m5tality ar\nd !re t p :o "w at home are n work+10 he said1 add+1 h[ev]3 8,i l to h un9t]rupt$ p]iods ( "w alone4 ,if ,i h to /op & g to a meet+ = two h\rs1 ,i lose m ?an two h\rs40 ,footnote #fj3 ,! example ( ! ,florida-bas$ telecommut] is f 8,ris+ ,tr5d ( ,comput] ,age3 ,employees ,:o ,"w at ,home20 ,new ,york ,times1 ,m>* #ab1 #aiha1 p4 #a4 #c4 ,:at becomes ( ! cl]ks & secret>ies ^: "w y\r telecommut+ may *ange or r$uce8 ,full]'s 8disappe>ance0 f 8 regul> (fice didn't put anyone out on ! /reet4 ,x m]ely light5$ ! secret>ies' "w loads4 #d4 ,h[ exp5sive1 & h[ mu* tr\ble te*nically1 w\ld telecommut+ be to y\r company & to y8 ,9 ,full]'s case x 0 relatively easy4 ,8 (fice already _h ! ^w processor1 & z a comput] hobbyi/ he already own$ ! ,hea? micro4 ,ev] +5i\s1 he devis$ an easy way ( ent]+ data s ! ,wang1 :i* ju/ifi$ m>g9s by ! p>agraph1 c\ld function ) 8 home sy/em1 :i* did s by ! l9e4 7,see ,backup ,,xi1 8,! ,micro ,connection3 ,"s ,critical ,explanations10 = m tips on l9ks betwe5 y\r own micro & ! (fice's47 ,john ,full]'s electronic hookup co/ next to no?+4 ,a modem l 8--! device all[s a comput] to talk ov] ! phone--w\ld sell = ab\t #ajj today4 ,fa/] modems may co/ #cjj-fjj4 ,x pays to *eck out te*nical specifications & %op ar\nd4 ,! old compatibility rule applies "h3 don't believe t any comb9ations ( equipm5t w "w toge!r until y've actually te/$ !m out4 ,obta9 a /ore's promise t y'll w9 a refund if ! sy/ems won't talk to "o ano!r electronically4 ,y'll also ne$ to make sure t ! comput]s h communications programs t function toge!r4 ,a good communications program = a micro--"o t's easy to use & lets y /ore in=mation to be transmitt$--c co/ less ?an #aej4 ,ev5 free s(tw>e may "w = y4 ,i didn't pay a c5t = my ,,modem#g program1 :i* ! writ]s plac$ 9 ! public doma94 ,normally1 z a d-x-y\rself telecommut]1 y %\ld favor micros ov] 8dumb t]m9als40 ,at lea/ make c]ta9 y c easily accumulate l>ge masses ( mat]ial to %oot out ov] ! phone l9es4 ,t way y'll cons]ve y\r company's phone & comput] res\rces4 ,suppose1 h[ev]1 t someh[ !y're bo? unlimit$ & y don't m9d a phone l9e be+ ti$ up :ile y're dump+ mat]ial into ! big corporate comput]4 ,!n maybe y c get away ) a dumb t]m9al co/+ j a few hundr$ doll>s4 #e4 ,h[ d y normally ga!r in=mation 9 y\r job8 ,by phone8 ,by look+ ov] writt5 mat]ial8 ,by tapp+ into y\r company's comput]8 ,if facts normally rea* y by phone1 y c in/all a special bus9ess l9e & tell y\r colleagues t1 no1 !y won't di/urb y at home--t y\r "w is :at ! l9e's =4 ,writt5 mat]ial is tricki]1 ( c\rse4 ,"o answ] may be a facsimile ma*9e1 :i* c\ld co/ m ?an y\r comput] b may be ju/ifi$ if draw+s are "p ( y\r "w4 ,9 ! future1 ev5 *eap p]sonal comput]s w h atta*m5ts to scan writt5 docum5ts & zip ! images ov] ! phone l9es4 ,already "s exp5sive ,wangs (f] ?is feature4 ,mean:ile1 l ,full]1 y may want to cat* up ) writt5 mat]ial by visit+ y\r (fice e few days1 or y may try a =mal or in=mal mess5g] s]vice--p]haps a c[ork]4 ,if y mu/ tap into y\r company's own comput]1 make c]ta9 y c d s )\t any data-security complications4 ,& consid] h[ accessible y\r corporate data base is to beg9 )4 ,maybe !re ar5't ways ( conv5i5tly plugg+ 9--9 :i* case y'd bett] rid y\rself ( plans = d-x-y\rself telecommut+4 #f4 ,w\ld y\r family leave y alone :ile y telecommut$8 ,y mu/ "w out a deal ) !m t includes a place to "w )\t int]ruption1 rules = phone messages1 & s on4 #g4 ,:at ab\t pot5tial m>ital problems8 8,if y "w 9 y\r employ]'s (fice1 y\r sp\se doesn't %[ up v (t510 says ,walt] ,i4 ,niss51 ,jr41 a programm]-consultant :o1 (f & on1 has be5 telecommut+ 9 v>i\s jobs s9ce ! late #aifjs4 8,b if y're home1 y\r sp\se c get angry at y1 face-to-face1 "r !re40 ,he f9ds telecommut+ to be easi] ) 8 wife n[ work+ z a social work]4 #h4 ,d y h ! drive to d y\r job alone8 8,i'm n a ,!ory ,x man10 says ,full]1 ref]r+ to ! s*ool ( managem5t t says p "w be/ ) ! boss pe]+ ov] _! %\ld]s4 ,don't mess ) d-x-y\rself telecommut+ if y ar5't a self-/>t]--a useful trait ev5 9 corporately initiat$ programs4 ,don't recomm5d x to anyone lack+ ?is trait4 #i4 ,c y\r boss measure y\r p]=mance objectively8 ,?is isn't necess>y b x helps4 ,mi*ael ,k4 ,cav]ly1 a rec5tly retir$ capta9 & ,john ,full]'s =m] sup]visor1 c\ldn't give any precise figures comp>+ ! ov]all quality ( ! telecommut]'s "w to e>li] times4 ,b ,cav]ly 0 pla9ly delight$4 ,he believes t ,full] p]=m$ bett] )\t hav+ to worry ev]yday ab\t ! horrors ( ru% h\r4 8,i almo/ feel guilty ab\t x10 he said ( ,full]'s dilig5ce4 8,he w\ld rework a problem all night long1 & ,i'd feel almo/ z if ,i 7 tak+ advantage ( him4 ,9 our (fice we did ?irty-?ree /udies "o ye>1 & ,john's /udies 7 ! only ones t came 9 on "t all ! "t40 ,j]emy ,joan ,hewes is also sold on telecommut+4 8,c y "w at home80 ,hewes's own boss ask$ :5 he hir$ h] = ,,pc ,magaz9e1 an indep5d5t publication = own]s ( ! ,,ibm ,,pc4 8,t's :]e ! comput] is10 %e repli$ happily4 ,x made s5se4 ,hewes _h h] ,nor? ,/> micro !re1 aft] all4 ,:at's m1 %e'd writt5 a book on 8work/ead]s10 z %e call$ !m1 & by h] late ?irties _h work$ at home mo/ ( h] pr(essional life4 ,s :y n use h] ,nor? ,/> !re & modem h] /ories 98 ,%e might ev5 edit o!rs' articles s5t ov] ! phone l9es4 ,! magaz9e w\ldn't h to jam ano!r human s>d9e into ! cramp$ (fices x !n occupi$ above a re/aurant 9 nor?we/ ,san ,francisco4 ,%e c\ld "w bett] alone4 ,! pay w\ld be ! same = h] hundr$ h\rs a mon?4 ,& %e c\ld enjoy tax breaks on comput] equipm5t1 supplies1 ev5 "s ( h] r5t4 ,! magaz9e1 9 return1 end$ up gett+ m ?an five ?\s& words a mon? f h]1 sometimes d\ble t am\nt1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 z an associate editor1 %e regul>ly ov]saw at lea/ "o o!r writ]4 ,%e also did additional "w = :i* %e 0 paid beyond ! hundr$ h\rs4 8,x's a lot less *aotic at home10 said ,hewes1 :o also 0 writ+ books4 8,i don't h to dress up4 ,i normally we> jeans or corduroys4 ,i c />t "w at dawn 9 my ba?robe & answ] ! phone t way if x r+s :ile ,i'm head$ = ! %[]4 ,i don't h to drive ?r\gh traffic jams e day4 ,or /& up = tw5ty m9utes on a bus1 hang+ on = de> life to a pole1 jolt+ along ! /reet4 ,i "w 9 surr\nd+s ,i've creat$40 ,%e creat$ !m ) bo? ! ,,irs & ae/hetics 9 m9d4 ,h] ap>tm5t1 ne> ! ,gold5 ,gate ,bridge1 0 on ! second floor ( a sev5ty-ye>-old h\se ) high ceil+s & lead$ bay w9d[s4 ,a book%elf & wood5 cab9et set ! comput] area ap>t4 ,h] keybo>d & video scre5 7 atop a cu/om-craft$ table ) fruitwood edges2 %e c "w alongside h] cock] spaniel-poodle1 & ?r\gh ! bays %e c\ld see a doll-repair %op4 ,x 0 v9tage ,san ,francisco4 ,no matt] t neighbors' punk-rock music once besieg$ h] e>s or t practice pit*]s sometimes ?udd$ t5nis balls aga9/ ! h\se or t ap>tm5ts clutt]$ :at once 7 s& dunes4 ,sev]al times a day %e swit*$ on h] answ]+ ma*9e1 a device %e deem$ necess>y = work/eads4 ,!n %e'd swim laps at a ne>by pool or walk h] dog amid cypress & eucalyptus trees1 p]haps ) fri5ds1 p]haps alone1 p]haps mull+ ov] future articles = ,,pc1 :]e %e once w>n$ w\ld-be telecommut]s ( ! ne$ = 8regul> breaks f ! conc5tration ( "w40 ,at ! same "t %e lectur$ h]self & o!rs on ! ne$ = self-discipl9e4 ,%e tra9$ h] fri5ds to realize t %e 0 e>n+ a liv+1 n go(+ (f--a confusion t may fade z telecommut+ becomes a m mundane pursuit4 ,%e kept h] sanity & a s*$ule--well1 a writ]'s equival5t ( a s*$ule--by rememb]+ h[ %e _h promis$ to rese>* ,x mat]ial by ,y date & h[ %e w\ld complete an article on "t4 8,i g to an editorial meet+10 %e said1 8& ,i say1 #8,"h's :at ,i want to write = ! ,m>* issue4' ,!y say1 #8,oh1 go%1 someone else is do+ t1' or1 #8,:y don't y d ?is8' or1 #8,f9e1 h& x 9 by ! fifte5?4'0 8,r>ely10 ,hewes said ( h] editors1 8c ,i imag9e !m call+ me at eight 9 ! morn+ to transmit a /ory 9 an h\r40 ,mo/ly1 9 fact1 %e s5t 9 h] /ories at night ?r\gh h] comput]4 ,h] ,,ibm--%e loyally b\ght "o to replace ! ,nor? ,/>--talk$ ov] ! phone to ! magaz9e's ma*9e ) an automatic-answ] modem4 ,%e c\ld tell ! (fice comput] to save h] copy on a disk4 ,except = light edit+ & =mat+1 no human normally ne$$ to type ano!r key/roke2 ,,pc's comput]s ti$ 9 ) ! pr9t]'s4 ,x s\nds ,h,a,lish1 dep]sonaliz$1 b l ,full]1 %e & o!rs at ! magaz9e tri$ to infuse _! "w ) z mu* w>m? z !y c\ld4 ,no "o at ,,pc 0 leav+ m>t9etlike ord]s--unaccompani$ by conv]sation1 phone or o!rwise--on ! gre5 scre54 ,& ,hewes pa9/ak+ly consult$ ov] ! phone ) h] writ]s4 ,moreov]1 :ile ,hewes work$ f home at lea/ sev5ty ( ! hundr$ h\rs1 %e 0 at ! ,,pc (fices sev]al times a week to socialize1 pick up mail1 & swap ideas4 ,& %e w\ld h come 91 occasionally1 anyway1 ev5 if %e liv$ fifty miles f ! magaz9e4 7,also1 %e 0 9 ! field = face-to-face int]views1 j z ,full]1 work+ = ! ,navy1 w\ld visit 8 8cli5ts407 ,z ! telecommut+ movem5t gr[s1 work]s & sup]visors alike %\ld rememb] to see & speak to o!rs1 n j key to ea* o!r4 ,:atev] ! case "h1 bo? ,hewes & ,,pc 7 tickl$ ) h] telecommut+ arrangem5t4 8,we're n pay+ = (fice space1 electricity1 desk space10 said ,david ,h4 ,bunnell1 !n publi%] & editor 9 *ief4 8,%e ev5 provides h] own c(fee40 ,an (fice = h] might h co/ ! equival5t ( #a1bjj a ye>4 ,m important1 h[ev]1 ,bunnell happily not$ ! ?\s&s ( words %e writes = ea* issue3 8,%e c\ldn't be m productive1 & %e does h] rese>* consci5ti\sly4 ,l ! article %e did on pr9t]s4 ,x 0 obvi\s %e'd survey$ tw5ty or ?irty manufactur]s 9 ! field40 ,close to a ye> lat]1 ,hewes told me t %e 0 no long] telecommut+ regul>ly4 ,bunnell _h be5 s happy ) h] "w t he _h appo9t$ h] editor at ! book division ( ,,pc ,_w1 :i* he _h />t$ aft] leav+ ,,pc ,magaz9e4 ,hewes /ill lov$ ! concept ( telecommut+4 ,b %e und]/ood its limits bett]4 8,:5 ,i 0 an associate editor ( ,,pc ,magaz9e10 %e said1 8,i 0 actually m ( a writ] ?an an editor1 & ,i didn't h to be z mu* a manag] z ,i am n[4 ,b n[ ,i h to juggle t5 book projects & d budgets & g to sev]al meet+s a week4 ,my ideal ?+ w\ld be to g to ! (fice two days a week & "w at home ! o!r ?ree4 ,i figure ,i'll "w on t = next ye>4 ,n[ all ,i've got to d is get ev]yone ,i ne$ to see to come 9 ! same two days t ,i d60 ,bunnell himself (f]s ano!r qualification 9 prais+ telecommut+--n ev]yone has ! ne$$ discipl9e--b he says telecommut+ c "w especially well = p :o write or sell4 ,"o ,new ,york magaz9e publi%]1 9 fact1 develop$ a special comput] sy/em = h&icapp$ p1 featur+ writt5 prompts to keep sales pit*es consi/5t4 ,& ,bunnell ?9ks t telecommut+ c "w = executives1 too1 ) ! "r sy/em1 tak+ advantage ( comput]iz$ records ( ! words !y key$ 94 ,c cl]ical-level work]s1 h[ev]1 also telecommute happily8 ,a ,s\? ,c>ol9a case illu/rates bo? ! bless+s & pot5tial pitfalls ( telecommut+ = cl]ical p4#fa ,footnote #fa3 ,! ,s\? ,c>ol9a facts come f 8,ris+ ,tr5d ( ,comput] ,age3 ,employees ,:o ,"w at ,home10 ! ,new ,york ,times1 ,m>* #ab1 #aiha1 p4 #a2 8,comput]s ,turn ,d5s into ,(fices10 ,,usa ,today1 ,may #i1 #aihc1 p4 #a2 & 8,home ,comput] ,sweat%ops40 ,! ,nation1 ,april #b1 #aihc1 p4 #cij4 ,9 addition1 ,i talk$ to ,ann ,blackwell & h] husb&1 ,tim1 assi/ant vice-presid5t ( basic & major m$ical claims at ,blue ,cross-,blue ,%ield1 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,blue ,cross-,blue ,%ield !re says x isn't runn+ an electronic sweat%op4 ,! telecommut]s' rew>ds are r\ghly comp>able to ^? ( ! regul> (fice work]s1 & "s cottage key]s c actually come out f> ahead4 ,! program has be5 go+ on = ye>s4 ,& !re's a long wait+ li/4 ,ann ,blackwell1 "o ( ! key]s1 transmits h] "w back to ,blue ,cross at ! crack ( dawn2 !n %e c fix breakfa/ = h] two *ildr5 & take breaks = h\sehold "w & lun*4 8,i'd r d ?is ?an g to ! (fice10 %e said4 8,i don't h to dress4 ,i don't h someone look+ ov] my %\ld] all ! "t to see if ,i'm work+40 ,9 a typical day a 8cottage key]0 processes #cfj claims =ms f doctors4 ,! pay is sixte5 c5ts a claim1 or #eg4fj = ! #cfj1 m9us a levy ( #aj4bj = equipm5t r5tal1 mean+ t ! work] ends up ) #dg4dj be=e taxes4 ,t's #b4ah m a day ?an full-"t employees at ,blue ,cross receive = simil> "w1 if y consid] ! full tim]s' b5efits l holidays1 sick leave1 vacation1 & disability & heal? insurance4 ,a good cl]k c\ld e>n "s #ab1jjj a ye>4 ,& #ab1jjj is no?+ to sne] at 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a :]e _m liv+ co/s are l[4 ,h[ev]3 #a4 ,! cottage key]s are pay+ m ?an #b1fjj a ye> to r5t _! ma*9es4 ,doesn't ?is smack ( company-/ore tactics 9 a m9+ t[n8 ,:y n f9ance ! pur*ase ( ! work]'s own ma*9e1 :i* he or %e might pay (f 9 a ye>8 ,blue ,cross (ficial ,tim ,blackwell--:o has giv5 8 company "s useful fe$back bas$ on 8 wife's exp]i5ces--def5ds ! /eep *>ge = ! ma*9es4 ,he says x's actually an inc5tive4 ,! m a cottage key] works & e>ns1 ! small] w be ! p]c5tage ( h] income go+ to pay = ! t]m9al co/4 #b4 ,! telecommut]s don't get ! security t full tim]s d4 #c4 ,likewise1 ! cottage key]s lack ! normal fr+e b5efits4 ,! program c\ld delight a wife ^: husb& holds a /eady job ) good heal? insurance & o!r b5efits4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! arrangem5t c\ld be bad news = a work] dep5d+ on ! telecommut+ = 8 or h] ma9 income4 ,significantly1 wom5 head mo/ s+le-p>5t h\seholds4 #d4 ,! key]s may n be %>+ ! exp]im5t's rew>ds fifty-fifty4 ,exclud+ m9or adm9i/rative exp5ses1 ! telecommut]s' s]vices co/ ! firm #dg4dj a day on ! av]age1 m9us :atev] pr(it ! company may make (f ! t]m9als x r5ts to ! work]s4 ,let's say ! f9al exp5se is #de4 ,by contra/1 ! regul> work]s co/ at lea/ #ej4eb a day if y include vacation1 fr+e b5efits1 & ! #e4cj t ! firm pays = a t]m9al lease4 ,miss+1 h[ev]1 are ! exp5ses ( (fice space4 ,also1 ! company's gett+ slightly m "w f ! telecommut]s ) only ab\t #ab p]c5t z _m errors6 ,c\ld an antitelecommut+ backla% develop z work]s cat* on to ! economics8 ,already ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor & ,congress ( ,indu/rial ,organizations & ! ,s]vices ,employees ,int]national ,union h propos$ ! outlaw+ ( comput] homework4 ,giv5 ! political climate ( ! mid-#aihjs1 t seem$ unlikely4 ,?is c\ld *ange1 h[ev]4 ,gil ,gordon1 an ex-,johnson & ,johnson p]sonnel man turn$ telecommut+ consultant1 correctly w>ns aga9/ us+ telecommut+ to b>ga9 d[n work]s' pay or bu/ up organiz+ drives4 8,!re's no?+ new ab\t %ift "w1 piecework1 :i* is :at pay p] l9e ( in=mation is10 says ,k>5 ,nussbaum1 presid5t ( #i to #e1 ! ,national ,association ( ,work+ ,wom54 8,or pay by key/roke homework4 ,t's a /ep back into ! ,middle ,ages1 if y ask me1 & into ! cottage indu/ries40#fb ,footnote #fb3 ,! ,nussbaum quotes are f 8#i to #e ,presid5t ,raps ,(fice ,automation1 ,says ,x ,deskills1 ,devalues ,(fice ,jobs10 ,comput]world1 ,may #c1 #aihb1 p4 #ec4 ,a diff]5ce exi/s1 aft] all1 betwe5 creative jobs1 l ,hewes's1 & ^? t1 9 any sett+1 w be drudge "w4 ,! "q is ,:]e w ! typ+1 ! data entry1 ! o!r labor1 be m palatable--home or normal (fice8 ,& ideally t's a work]-by-work]1 company-by-company1 decision4 ,p]haps "s work]s w ev5tually /rike = ! "r to telecommute4 ,9 fact1 ,gl5n ,e4 ,watts1 presid5t ( ! ,communications ,work]s ( ,am]ica1 :ile fr[n+ on electronic scabb+1 once said t telecommut]s might ev5 plug into union ga!r+s4 ,union opposition to telecommut+ c\ld v well *ange4 ,! big v>iable is :e!r companies w foll[ ,gil ,gordon's wise advice n to use telecommut+ z a union-bu/+ ploy4 ,( c\rse1 pres5tly1 home "w isn't = all4 ,today a telecommut] c't make /eel1 c>s1 or refrig]ators by remote control4 ,he or %e c't cook a ,big ,mac1 sweep a floor1 run a sup]m>ket *eck\t1 or load a truck2 = telecommut+ is n[ /rictly ! prov9ce ( :ite-coll> work]s & pr(essionals4 ,inde$1 companies 9 pr$om9antly blue-coll> fields may decide t c]ta9 (fice jobs j defy wir+ 94 ,suppose an auto work] suff]s a s]ies ( late pay*ecks4 ,w a payroll cl]k sitt+ 9 a com=table suburban home be z responsive z he might be deal+ ) ! man face-to-face8 ,ev5 9 basically :ite-coll> fields1 "s bosses & employ]s may look askance at univ]sal telecommut+4 ,"s1 = in/ance1 may miss ! h9ts ( body language1 ! bl9k ( an eye1 ! tapp+ feet1 ! little1 subtle signs t _m p feel to 8read0 fri5d & foe4 ,o!rs simply miss see+ p h>d at "w4 ,a ,seattle hospital adm9i/rator1 a telecommut] sup]vis+ two o!rs work+ at home1 says3 8,x ultimately comes d[n to an honor sy/em40#fc ,footnote #fc3 ,! ,seattle example is f ,bus9ess ,week1 ,may #c1 #aihb1 p4 #ff4 ,s if y don't tru/ y\r und]l+s & c't objectively measure _! output1 y'd bett] keep y\r work]s at ! (fice & wat* = eye bl9ks4 ,n t e employee w want to telecommute1 anyway4 ,managem5t ,recruit]s ,int]national1 ,inc4 ask$ six ?\s& p if !y'd be will+ to telecommute sev]al days a week4 ,only #cf p]c5t said !y w\ld4 ,t's /ill an impressive p]c5tage1 & x w gr[ z m p appreciate telecommut+'s virtues & x becomes m socially acceptable1 b !re'll always be skeptics l ,jack ,smi?4#fd ,footnote #fd3 ,,usa ,today1 ,m>* #bh1 #aihd1 p4 #c;,b1 report$ ,managem5t ,recruit]s' telecommut+ survey4 ,he's a columni/ ) ! ,los ,angeles ,times1 :i* once fre$ him ( 8 commute4 ,aft] six weeks1 h[ev]1 8 gr&daught] broke 8 typewrit]1 & he tempor>ily return$ to ! newspap]1 :]e he r$iscov]$ ! joys ( face-to-face contact & decid$ to rema94 ,8 columns p]k$ up4 ,he _h miss$ 8! fri5dly faces1 fre% 9 ! morn+2 ! clo!s2 ! gossip2 ! flirtations2 ! b5ign conspiracies2 lun*-h\r exp$itions2 ! op5 =ums on w> & peace1 ,reaganomics1 & ! ,rams qu>t]back controv]sy1 none ( :i* c\ld be exam9$ ) su* reckless spontaneity by any?+ cann$ = consumption on y\r home comput]40 8,he realiz$ t he really came back to ! (fice n j to write b to r5ew 8 int]action ) human life10 says ,william ,r5fro1 a ,wa%+ton consultant4#fe ,footnote #fe3 ,william ,r5fro's comm5ts appe>$ 9 ,! ,futuri/1 ,june #aihb4 ,!n aga91 ,max9e ,mess+]1 a gossip columni/ ) ! ,h\/on ,*ronicle1 writes happily on a comput] at home & brags t %e hasn't be5 to ! (fice 9 ye>s4 8,= a long "t x's be5 f> m effici5t = me to "w at home10 says ano!r confirm$ telecommut]1 ,hollis ,vail1 a "p-"t managem5t consultant ) ! ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey4 8,i use my comput] = writ+1 reports1 & s5d+ reports & messages10 he says1 8& ,i c get all ! data ,i want f ! sy/em40 ,! ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey has ?\s&s ( p us+ electronic mail1 & ,vail c ev5 hold conf]5ces ov] ! wire & record ! results on 8 comput] disks4 ,!n he c sum !m up4 ,9 fact1 he c electronically cut & pa/e to produce policy docum5ts reflect+ _m viewpo9ts4 ,david ,snyd]1 n[ a pr(essional futuri/ & consultant1 fondly rememb]s ! comput]iz$ conf]5ces ( 8 days z an ,int]nal ,rev5ue ,s]vice (ficial4 8,i wrote a book ) eight o!r p10 he says1 8& we didn't meet until x 0 writt54 ,x 0 a mu* bett] product because we c\ld "w t way4 ,! travel w\ld h be5 too exp5sive4 ,& ! mails w\ld h be5 too mu* ( a delay40 ,! coau?ors left _! contributions 9 ea* o!r's electronic mailboxes = p]usal & *ange4 ,back !n ,snyd] 0 on a gov]nm5t comput]1 b lat] he hook$ up an ,apple 9 8 ,m>yl& home2 he 0 plann+ to connect ) aunts1 uncles1 & o!r memb]s ( 8 ext5d$ family1 nationwide1 :o1 toge!r1 d consult+ & produce films4 8,y c't h a mom-&-pop /eel mill10 he said4 8,y c h a mom-&-pop in=mation factory40 ,rank ,x]ox1 ! (fice equipm5t giant's jo9t v5ture 9 ,engl&1 is help+ to pave ! way = ,mom & ,pop4 ,x's lett+ manag]s & o!r pr(essionals telecommute4 ,!y're no long] sal>i$1 & !y give up p5sions & p]ks l company c>s2 b ! 8network]s10 z !y're call$1 normally sign two-ye> contracts gu>antee+ !m "w at lea/ two days a week4 ,bus9ess ) o!r companies may take up ! rema9+ days4 ,9 a s5se ! ,rank ,x]ox program c\ld be a l>ge corporation's v]sion ( ! hundr$-h\r-a-mon? arrangem5t t ,j]emy ,hewes work$ out ) ! comput] magaz9e4 8,cle>ly10 says ,d]ek ,hornby1 /aff support director & a memb] ( ! ,rank ,x]ox policy committee1 8we ne$ & w always h a #8core' /aff )9 ! head (fice = day-to-day managem5t4 ,_m functions1 h[ev]1 c be fulfill$ by network]s40#ff ,footnote #ff3 ,! ,x]ox example comes f correspond5ce1 int]views1 & ! ,f9ancial ,times1 ,london1 ,july #bj1 #aihb4 ,comput] "w1 p5sion advis+1 managem5t tra9+1 ev5 putt+ out ! company newslett]1 are "s ( ! tasks ) :i* ! network]s may help core /aff]s4 ,:o qualifies = ! program8 ,someone ! company wants to keep b ^: s]vices x ne$s only "p "t4 ,! fir/ network]1 ,rog] ,walk]1 a =m] p]sonnel manag] 9 8 late ?irties1 help$ cut co/s 9 ! mo/ direct way1 elim9at+ 8 job4 ,he 0 plann+1 anyway1 to v5ture out on 8 own4 ,b ! ,rank ,x]ox program eas$ ! transition4 8,:at d y answ]10 ,i ask$ ! company1 8:5 p say1 #8,isn't ?is really j an outplacem5t s*eme8'0 8,! r\gh co/ ( someone go+ network+10 said ,phil ,judk9s1 a ,rank ,x]ox spokesman 9 ,london1 8is approximately ?ree times ! co/ ( _! comp5sation if !y 7 simply decl>$ r$undant by ,rank ,x]ox40 ,m ?an a ye> into ! program1 h[ 7 ! volunte]s do+8 8,extremely well10 said ,judk9s--all ( !m4 ,he said two network]s seem$ 8well on ! way to "o-million-doll> turnov] companies40 ,& ,rank ,x]ox1 ne$less to say1 didn't supply all t bus9ess4 ,along ! way ! corporation 0 b5efit+ f ! useful bus9ess contacts t ! new entrepr5eurs 7 mak+ outside ! company4 ,s5sibly1 x disc\nt$ its model #hbj microcomput] = ! network]s4 ,!y c\ld n only d _! normal "w b help %[ (f a company product4 ,runaway exp5ses1 ?\gh1 especially r5t1 7 ! real spur beh9d ! exp]im5t4 ,! r5t on ,rank ,x]ox's int]national headqu>t]s1 9 ,london1 _h d\bl$ 9 j two ye>s4 ,small wond]1 !n1 t ,rank ,x]ox want$ to trim e speck ( gri/le f its headqu>t]s budget4 ,& by late #aihc ! knife seem$ to be slic+ well4 ,! =ty-?ree network]s 7 help+ ,rank ,x]ox save a ?ird ( a million doll>s a ye> 9 (fice space4 ,judk9s said3 8,we h rid our books ( ?is /]ile exp5se40 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,mike ,bell1 ,x]ox real e/ate executive1 is busy tot+ up ! advantages ( ano!r =m ( telecommut+--mov+ "s corporate op]ations out ( exp5sive d[nt[n areas4 8,:y %\ld a company h r[ aft] r[ ( work]s tak+ up desk space 9 back rooms 9 l>ge cities10 he says1 8:5 x c\ld mod]nize its (fice ma*9]y & f>m !m out to (fices 9 ! suburbs8 ,an av]age (fice work] & 8 desk take up #bjj squ>e feet at #bj a foot 9 big cities4 ,t's #d1jjj a ye> j = r5t4 ,suppose y c\ld move him to a suburb ) r5t at #ab a squ>e foot4 ,!n r5t w\ld be only #b1djj a ye>40 ,if ! employee 0 9 a suburban (fice ti$ 9 to headqu>t]s via a comput]-telephone hook-up1 y might save z mu* z #c1jjj ov] five ye>s--ev5 if y c\nt$ exp5ses l equipm5t co/s4#fg ,footnote #fg3 ,?anks to ,mike ,bell = help+ me obta9 figures comp>+ telecommut+ co/s to alt]natives4 ,& ! editor has simplifi$ ! numb]s pres5t$4 ,& y might save #h1bjj p] employee ov] a five ye> p]iod if ! work]s 7 at home4 ,! *>t bel[ assumes t 7#a7 ea* employee takes up #bjj squ>e feet1 includ+ corridor1 aisle1 & file space1 7#b7 ! d[nt[n r5t is #bj a squ>e foot1 :i* is p]haps half ( "s ,manhattan r5ts1 7#c7 ! suburban r5t is #ab a squ>e foot1 7#d7 y pay home work]s #d a squ>e foot 9 r5t1 7#e7 y\r inve/m5t 9 equipm5t = ea* telecommut] is #d1jjj1 7#f7 ! effective tax rate is #ce p]c5t1 7#g7 y'll receive a tax cr$it ( t5 p]c5t ( ! comput] ge>'s initial co/ & 7#h7 depreciation is /raight l9e ov] five ye>s4 ,yes1 #d1jjj is m ?an ! comput]s might ea* co/2 ! inflat$ figure helps fudge = miscellane\s exp5ses l mov+ exp5ses & phone bills4 ,z = tax laws1 !y c *ange4 ,b ! cr$it--z di/+ui%$ f depreciation--acc\nts = only a t9y fraction ( ! money y're sav+4 ,"o la/ po9t3 ! *>t bel[ doesn't consid] int]e/ on :at y'd be sav+ 9 r5t4 ,l>ge companies1 ( c\rse1 c\ld mix diff]5t =ms ( telecommut+ & employm5t arrangem5ts4 ,!y might ev5 let "s work]s %ift back & =?4 ,"s employees1 "s ( ! "t1 anyway1 w\ld "w at home1 :ile o!rs might be at companies' regional or neighborhood telecommut+ c5t]s ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,jack ,nilles's k9d ( neighborhood c5t]--at lea/ "o ( ! k9ds he's propos$--w\ld be organiz$ by corporate function4 ,"o c5t] w\ld br+ all ! acc\ntants toge!r1 = in/ance1 ,a ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,(fice ,,exp5ses ,,p] ,,work] ,,case #a3 ,,d[nt[n ,,(fice ,ye>s #j #a #b #c #d #e ,total ,r5t #j #d1jjj #d1jjj #d1jjj #d1jjj #d1jjj #bj1jjj ,tax ,r$uction at #j -#a1djj -#a1djj -#a1djj -#a1djj -#a1djj -#g1jjj #ce ,rate ,total ,exp5ses #j #b1fjj #b1fjj #b1fjj #b1fjj #b1fjj #ac1jjj ,,case #b3 ,,suburban ,,(fice ,ye>s #j #a #b #c #d #e ,total ,r5t #j #b1djj #b1djj #b1djj #b1djj #b1djj #ab1jjj ,tax ,r$uction at #j -#hdj -#hdj -#hdj -#hdj -#hdj -#d1bjj #ce ,rate ,inve/m5t #d1jjj #j #j #j #j #j #d1jjj ,tax ,cr$it -#djj #j #j #j #j #j -#djj ,depreciation #j -#bhj -#bhj -#bhj -#bhj -#bhj -#a1djj ,cr$it ,total ,exp5ses #c1fjj #a1bhj #a1bhj #a1bhj #a1bhj #a1bhj #aj1jjj ,,case #c3 ,,home ,,(fice ,ye>s #j #a #b #c #d #e ,total ,r5t #j #hjj #hjj #hjj #hjj #hjj #d1jjj ,tax ,r$uction at #j -#bhj -#bhj -#bhj -#bhj -#bhj -#a1djj #ce ,rate ,inve/m5t #d1jjj #j #j #j #j #j #d1jjj ,tax ,cr$it -#djj #j #j #j #j #j -#djj ,depreciation #j -#bhj -#bhj -#bhj -#bhj -#bhj -#a1djj ,cr$it ,total ,exp5ses #c1fjj #bdj #bdj #bdj #bdj #bdj #d1hjj & ano!r w\ld h\se a company's public relations dep>tm5t4 ,?is idea does h ! important advantage (1 say1 lett+ acc\ntants pore ov] _! electronic l$g]s 9 ea* o!r's company4 ,yet :at ab\t ! unlucky ones :o liv$ 9 suburbs across t[n8#fh ,footnote #fh3 ,nilles may h be5 ! fir/ to envision neighborhood c5t]s = telecommut]s4 ,!y w\ld pref]1 presumably1 ! k9d ( c5t] prop\nd$ by ,ri*>d ,c4 ,h>kness1 a =m] pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity ( ,wa%+ton :o lat] jo9$ ,satellite ,bus9ess ,sy/ems4 ,"u ! ,h>kness plan1 an employee w\ld g to ! c5t] close/ to 8 home4 8,he might ev5 walk !re10 ,h>kness says4 ,accord+ to him1 a l>ge company might h z _m neighborhood c5t]s z elem5t>y s*ools--leas+ (fices = individual work]s or small gr\ps4 ,imag9e a pr(essional build+ ) a real e/ate ag5cy next to a /ockbrok]1 a doctor across ! hall f a commodities trad]4 ,well1 t's h[ x w\ld be 9 a build+ h\s+ neighborhood c5t]s1 except a sign outside a suite might say 8,g5]al ,motors0 r ?an 8,dr4 ,pe>lman40 ,( c\rse a company might in/ead h few] c5t]s & lease :ole floors4 ,/epp+ (f ! elevator1 y'd see ! foot-high lett]s rem9d+ y y 7 9 ,,gm t]ritory4 ,work]s w\ld b5efit f ! companion%ip ( p]haps sev]al doz5 colleagues1 quick access to secret>ial & copy+ s]vices1 & simil> support4 8,my way is m radical ?an locat+ p by jobs10 says ,h>kness1 8s9ce an acc\ntant c\ld be 9 "o place & 8 boss 9 ano!r40 ,comput] networks w\ld ma9ta9 entire organizations2 a :ole new bran* ( managem5t sci5ce w\ld develop to hone proc$ures to manage telecommut]s4 ,p]haps ! day w come :5 ,,ibm w end[ ,h>v>d ,bus9ess ,s*ool ) a telecommut+ *air4 ,a ?ird =m ( neighborhood c5t] w\ld be a munytel1 z ,i'll call x--a municipally or privately run c5t] ) t]m9als capable ( l9k+ up ) _m companies' equipm5t4 ,individual employees1 n companies1 might r5t munytel (fices4 ,munytels w\ld n bol/] employees' corporate loyalties2 b "s companies w\ldn't c>e1 favor+ o!r ways4#fi ,footnote #fi3 ,! #aigg ,/an=d /udy discusses ! neighborhood-c5t] concept 9 dep? & describes a numb] ( possibilities1 _m ( !m ov]lapp+ ) my 8munytel0 idea4 ,! t]m 8munytel0 is m9e4 ,munytels1 moreov]1 c\ld be ideal = free-lance telecommut]s :o valu$ a cle> l9e betwe5 home & (fice4 ,work]s w\ld be at ^! neighborhood c5t]s all ! "t or :5ev] !y pref]r$ & space 0 available4 ,f$ up tempor>ily ) toil+ alongside a sull5 sp\se at home8 ,!n y'd flee to a munytel1 unless y\r free-lance "w involv$ confid5tial company in=mation2 9 :i* case y might drive to a ,,gm or ,prud5tial suite ) a sp>e t]m9al4 ,neighbors ) simil> or complem5t>y skills might ga!r at munytels & pool res\rces to seek contracts f l>ge companies4 ,:y n use comput]iz$ li/s to br+ toge!r p 9 ! fir/ place8 8,neighborhood "w c5t]s c\ld !mselves become employ]s1 sell+ cl]ical or pr(essional s]vices to o!r organizations10 said "o ( ! consultants work+ ) ,h>kness on a l&m>k telecommut+ /udy = ! ,/an=d ,rese>* ,in/itute 9 ! late #aigjs4 ,munytels1 9 addition1 c\ld be drop-(f po9ts = mess5g]s f corporations' headqu>t]s4 ,!y w\ld deliv] pr9t$ mat]ial--books1 = in/ance--t companies c\ldn't fla% across ! scre5s ( telecommut]s at home & munytels4 ,also1 & p]haps j z important1 munytels c\ld s]ve z in=mal neighborhood clubs4 ,!y c\ld (f] food & dr9k & a *ance to mix electronically transmitt$ gossip ) ! face-to-face k9d4 8,meet me10 a /ock sugge/ion might g1 8at ! munytel40 ,moreov]1 = telecommut]s unable to h&le _! *ildr5 & jobs simultane\sly1 ! munytels might provide *ild c>e4 ,& 9 poor neighborhoods1 ! munytels c\ld comb9e "w facilities ) tra9+4 ,! prefiasco ,cont95tal ,ill9ois ,bank 9 ,*icago1 despite its bad luck ) 8problem loans10 did "s enlight5$ "w 9 ?is field4 ,x exp]im5t$ ) a ^w-process+ c5t] tw5ty-five miles away at a community college4 ,! bank us$ x = bo? tra9+ & actual bank "w1 a logical comb9ation2 ! /ud5ts h le>n$ on equipm5t simil> to :at !y w\ld use on ! job1 n simply ! obsolete ma*9]y t _m s*ools mu/ skimp along )4 ,corporations1 enc\rag$ by tax breaks or gov]nm5t subsidies1 might toge!r e/abli% munytels 9 poor] neighborhoods4#gj ,!y w\ld provide ! bus9esslike surr\nd+s t "s work]s might pref] ov] home (fices 9 slums or public h\s+ projects4 ,footnote #gj3 ,elizabe? ,c>lson ( ,cont95tal ,ill9ois said ! community college _h end$ ! exp]im5t aft] buy+ its own equipm5t4 ,b ! bank feels ! arrangem5t 0 successful4 ,9 fact1 x set up a satellite ^w-process+ c5t] 9 a %opp+ c5t] ne> ! college4 ,munytels w\ld be "o response to "s ?\ghtful criticisms ( telecommut+ made by ,janice ,c4 ,blood1 #i to #e's in=mation director4 8,if y're a secret>y e>n+ #aa1jjj a ye>10 %e says1 8w y\r employ] build y an addition = y\r comput] room8 ,ev5 a small ,apple w\ldn't be too attractive an addition to my liv+ room40 ,blood is also worri$ ab\t ! co/ ( ! equipm5t itself1 ask+1 8,%\ld someone get a cut 9 sal>y j because h] boss gets h] a new typewrit]80 ,m likely1 h[ev]1 cl]ical work]s in/ead w\ld receive "s m money = turn+ out a lot m "w4 ,:atev] ! case1 munytels c\ld be a solution to ! equipm5t issue--9 addition to ! obvi\s "o ( company-suppli$ comput]s 9 v>i\s cases4 ,b work]s %\ld /ill be free to use _! own t]m9als4 ,rememb] ,hollis ,vail's pref]5ce = 8 pr9t]8 ,he's "r4 ,i c\ld nev] /oma* work+ all day on1 say1 "o ( ! old] ,apple ,i,is1 :i* "s companies may /ill use z _! univ]sal microcomput]4 ,my ,kaypro's keybo>d has a silki] feel4 ,! scre5 is m viewable ?an _m ,apple monitors1 & ,i'm a confirm$ ,word,star addict4 ,ev5 if voice comm&s become ! norm1 ,i may well be among ! la/ ( ! keybo>d dieh>ds4 ,& yet1 7 ,i telecommut+1 x w\ldn't matt]4 ,a corporate comput] w\ld c>e ab\t ! "r s]ies & spe$s ( bytes1 n h[ !y orig9at$4 ,s ,i might be able to keep us+ my electronic equival5t ( a buggy :ip4 ,j ab\t anybody1 moreov]1 w be able to af=d a useful small comput] be=e ! end ( ! c5tury--because soon] or lat] "o w be *eap] ?an today's typical ,,tv sets4 ,flat scre5s & keybo>ds w sell = a pittance z mass production & robotics drive d[n co/s4 ,s mu* = t "o ( ,blood's argum5ts4 ,z = h] fe> ( an ,apple sy/em clutt]+ up h] liv+ room--well1 ! home comput] ( tomorr[ w probably be small] & bett] look+4 ,or x'll be "p ( y\r ,,tv4 ,if n8 ,y may hide y\r equipm5t 9 a h&some1 wood5 cab9et t w conv]t to a g5u9ely ergonomic table ( adju/able height4 ,no1 ,i don't "k ( a product l t n[4 ,b already /ores 9 tr5dy ,yuppie areas are spr++ up ) names l 8,comput] ,support10 & "s ( _! (f]+s may be z fit = y\r liv+ room z = y\r (fice4 ,less easily answ]$1 h[ev]1 is ,blood's worry ( 8a ,mae ,we/ employm5t pr(ile0--broad at ! top1 n>r[ at ! middle1 wide at ! bottom4 ,t is1 !re might be lu% job opportunities ne> ! top ar\nd ! equival5t ( ,mae's bu/4 ,a few s5ior manag]s c\ld electronically monitor ! masses toil+ at home--c\ld c\nt & "t _! key/rokes4 ,b betwe5 ! top p & ! ones ent]+ ! data1 companies w\ld ne$ _m few] run-(-!-mill sup]visors4 ,& t w\ld p9* (f "s promotion opportunities = ! cl]ical work]s4 ,9 "s ways1 h[ev]1 companies might make nonsup]visory "w m palatable4 ,!y might1 = in/ance1 pay cl]ks n by individuals' key/rokes b by ^? ( small 8telegr\ps10 :]e pe] pressure w\ld keep e memb] productive4 ,also1 companies might foll[ ! example ( ,volvo1 ! ,sw$i% automak]1 & rotate "s work]s' tasks4 ,"s numb]s crun*]s might swap assignm5ts ) ^w-process+ p4 ,inde$1 companies c\ld pay extra = v]satility4 ,^w-process+ "w today is sometimes m complicat$ ?an regul> typ+2 b t might n always be s1 & corporations c\ld relieve "s ( ! bor$om ( repetiti\s jobs simply by lett+ employees ex*ange !m4 ,/ill ano!r legitimate worry is ! di/ribution ( ! economic b5efits ( telecommut+4 ,:at's to prev5t employ]s f abuse ( ! piecework paym5t sy/em if ! gov]nm5t lets x become ! norm8 ,c\ld piecework be j a gimmick to help imp]sonally squeeze ! la/ drop ( blood f ! cl]ical telecommut]s8 ,is telecommut+ a mean-spirit$ or enlight5$ response to ! day-c>e problem8 ,i suspect "s companies are mean spirit$4 ,n all4 ,b "s4 ,ideally1 h[ev]1 ?is won't deprive society ( telecommut+'s b5efits4 ,munytels1 aft] all1 c\ld help solve ! *ild-c>e problem1 & *anges 9 ! labor laws c\ld gu>antee ! fairness ( ! piecework sy/em = all4 ,exi/+ ones d cov] cl]ks do+ piecework4 ,!y mu/1 = in/ance1 keep "t records to %[ !y're collect+ ! equival5t ( ! m9imum wage4 ,9 a relat$ matt]1 a controv]sy 0 swirl+ 9 #aihd ar\nd a #db-ye>-old f$]al ban on comm]cial home knitt+--an issue ( int]e/ to companies consid]+ telecommut+4 ,unions 7 fight+ = ! ban2 ! ,reagan adm9i/ration1 = c\rts to ov]turn x4#ga ,p]haps ! ,reaganites w\ld want no re/rictions on corporate use ( telecommut]s1 :i* is un=tunate consid]+ ! opportunities = electronic sweat%ops1 ( :i* ! sleazy w c]ta9ly want to avail !mselves4 ,ideally1 ei!r 7#a7 ,i'm wrong ab\t ! ,reaganites or 7#b7 future adm9i/rations w take a m enlight5$ attitude4 ,footnote #ga3 ,9 ,novemb] #aihd ! ,labor ,dep>tm5t releas$ a rule t all[$ p to knit sweat]s & hats at home = sale to manufactur]s4 ,telecommut+ also has en]gy implications--good ones4 ,) widespread telecommut+1 oil price increases w\ld no long] be s sc>y if ano!r en]gy crisis ?reat5$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,jack ,nilles once calculat$ t ! typical comput] t]m9al uses less ?an #abe watts1 & a phone l9e takes up no m ?an a watt4 ,!n he mat*$ ^? figures aga9/ a private automobile's typical en]gy use dur+ commutes1 & he f\nd t telecommut+ w\ld h a tw5ty-n9e-to-"o en]gy advantage4 ,comp>$ to mass transit sy/ems load$ to capacity--a r>ity 9 mo/ ,am]ican cities--x w\ld /ill enjoy two-to-"o sup]iority4 ,) t5 million telecommut]s1 ! c\ntry might save ?ree-qu>t]s ( a billion gallons ( gasol9e a ye>4#gb ,footnote #gb3 ,nilles's ?ree-qu>t]s ( a billion e/imate is report$ 9 ,info,world1 ,april #bc1 #aihd4 8,at lea/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 notes ,ri*>d ,h>kness1 8commut+ acc\nts = #ce p]c5t ( all auto & truck fuel consumption40 ,mu*1 maybe ev5 mo/1 ( ! ?irty-five p]c5t w\ld be trips to jobs conv]tible to telecommut+4#gc ,footnote #gc3 ,h>kness's rem>ks are f 8 spee* to ! ,sem9> on ,communications1 ,brasilia1 ,brazil1 ,june #aihb4 ,tick+ (f /ati/ics1 ,h>kness illu/rates ! pr(ligacy ( ,am]ican en]gy consumption4 8,! av]age ,u4,s4 work] commutes ab\t tw5ty miles ea* day4 ,eighty-f\r p]c5t ( ^? commutes are by automobile1 #fe p]c5t ) only ! driv]4 ,two hundr$ & tw5ty million ,am]icans consume #ah million b>rels ( oil p] day1 r\ghly #cj p]c5t ( ! _w's supply40 ,he also notes ! co/ ( ,am]ica ma9ta9+ =ty ?\s& miles ( sup]highways & #d million miles ( /reets & roads4 8,x has be5 e/imat$10 says ,h>kness1 8t #bdh1ejj ,u4,s4 bridges ne$ major repairs at a co/ ( #dg billion40 ,& beyond ! en]gy & f9ancial prices1 :at ab\t ! psy*ological ones8 ,ev5 "p-"t telecommut]s c greatly r$uce ! /ress on _! n]ves & s*$ules1 p]haps l[]+ m$ical co/s = society4 8,an employee :o drives an h\r to "w w\ld save sixte5 h\rs 9 commut+ "t ea* mon?1 or ! equival5t ( two eight-h\r workdays1 by work+ at home two days a week10 says ,frank ,w4 ,s*iff1 a ,wa%+ton economi/4#gd ,footnote #gd3 ,frank ,s*iff1 ,wa%+ton ,po/1 ,outlook ,section1 ,septemb] #b1 #aigi1 p4 ,c#a4 ,ev5 battle-sc>r$ urbanites ) %ort commutes might reli% ! *ance to "w at home two days out ( five4 ,skyscrap]s & _! occupants keep hogg+ d[nt[ns1 aggravat+ conge/ion & t5sion2 & a taxi trip ( j a doz5 blocks 9 ,new ,york ,city c take a half an h\r at lun*time4 ,9 ,h\/on1 mean:ile1 "s gun-tot+ commut]s are lit]ally murd]+ ea* o!r1 say+ 9 effect3 8,y\r "r ( way or y\r life60 ,jon ,v]boon1 a ,h\/on ,*ronicle report] :o has work$ ! police beat1 told me1 8,x's n uncommon = %ots to be ex*ang$ betwe5 motori/s :o are hack$ (f at ea* o!r0--sometimes ov] "r ( ways4 ,an accid5t ne$n't h occurr$4 ,motori/s kill$ m conv5tionally on ! way to "w1 ( c\rse1 are a hefty p]c5tage ( ! fifty ?\s& ye>ly highway fatalities4 ,b h[ c\ld a telecommut] die8 ,electrocution8 ,cutt+ 8 wri/s on a brok5 video tube8 ,=gett+ ab\t ! r unlikely radiation risks--:i* flat scre5s w\ld r$uce if ^! dang]s exi/$--comput]s ne$n't be le?al l c>s4 ,by conv]t+ to telecommut+1 !n1 companies 9 ! end might save employees' lives z well z en]gy & money4 ,firms mak+ ! transition w\ld d well to consid] :at w be 9 ! data base into :i* ! telecommut]s w\ld tap4 ,! range ( requirem5ts is z wide z ! range ( bus9ess activities4 ,a good data base = telecommut]s1 h[ev]1 isn't t diff]5t f ! ones t "s manag]s are already us+ by way ( t]m9als on site4 ,"h are ! traits3 #a4 ,ease & spe$ ( use4 ,y ne$n't be a comput] exp]t or wre/le ) inconv5i5ces l dial+ fifte5-digit numb]s to rea* ! ma9 comput]4 ,! sy/em expla9s itself on scre5 if y want x to1 ?\gh exp]i5c$ us]s c swit* (f ! m5us :5 !y're ready4 ,y ideally don't h to wade ?r\gh an in/ruction manual4 ,! sy/em tells y :5 y're tapp+ out wrong comm&s4 ,also1 x's fa/4 ,y c />t us+ x 9 a hurry1 & y don't h to wait m ?an a few seconds at ! mo/ = x to respond to y\r comm&s4 ,& y con/antly feel 9 control4 ,y c easily se>* ?r\gh ! data base = ! in=mation y want4 #b4 ,fri5dl9ess4 ,a good sy/em isn't j easy to use2 x's also boy sc\t polite1 spr9kl+ its prompts ) 8,?anks y\s0 & avoid+ intimidat+ t]ms l 8illegal in=mation reque/40 ,commit a c>eless mi/ake on "s data bases & !y'll ?r[ back lawy]i% words sugge/+ y're on ! v]ge ( a jury indictm5t4 #c4 ,reliability4 ,! sy/em doesn't lose in=mation4 #d4 ,confid5tiality4 ,cl]ks ar5't privy to ! same in=mation z ! company presid5t4 ,inde$1 basically1 ! same traits w\ld be ideal = "s o!r k9ds ( s(tw>e1 especially ! k9d gov]n+ ! op]ation ( networks4 ,t's ! t]m = ! h>dw>e & s(tw>e t lets ma*9es talk to ea* o!r4 ,a network c be a local network1 l9k+ ma*9es )9 ! same (fice1 or x c be national or ev5 global4 ,som$ay1 if !y hav5't already1 ,bell & o!r companies may develop s(tw>e especially meant = corporate networks ( telecommut]s4 ,:ile widespread telecommut+ isn't yet a reality1 ,pet] & ,trudy ,johnson-,l5z h come z close z anyone to realiz+ its full b5efits4 ,!y live 9 ,lake ,oswego1 ,oregon1 & z !y're fond ( po9t+ out1 8,we don't commute4 ,we telecommute40 ,!y communicate r\t9ely ) bus9ess associates ar\nd ! c\ntry & f9d electronic mail a boon to late ris]s on ! ,we/ ,coa/ ) contacts & fri5ds back ,ea/4 ,by ! "t ,i rea*$ !m1 !y felt lik$ cag$ animals inside a m$ia zoo4 ,! pap]s _h leap$ at ! opportunity to write ab\t a c]tifi$ electronic cottage4 ,pet] & ,trudy _h ev5 end$ up 9 a ,,bbc docum5t>y on comput]s & ! future--a vivid contra/ to besuit$1 ti$ sci5ti/s %[n 9 antiseptic laboratories4 8,we're ! hippie c\ple10 jok$ ,trudy4 8,pet]'s ! "o ) ! be>d40 ,b !y're h>dly refugees f ! old ,haight-,a%bury2 ,pet] is a =m] /ati/ical analy/1 & ,trudy help$ run a rural education program aft] a few ye>s z a high s*ool tea*]4 ,today !y're hook$ into ! ,electronic ,in=mation ,ex*ange ,sy/em 7,,eies71 a national comput] network set up by ,murray ,tur(f1 "o ( ! _w's lead+ exp]ts on network+4 ,?r\gh ,,eies !y've done rese>* on telecommut+ = projects fund$ by ! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation4 ,!y help colleges1 nonpr(it organizations1 & o!rs set up comput] networks4 ,inde$1 8on l9e10 !y ev5 met p>tn]s 9 ! bus9ess !y />t$ to ref9e & promote a new s(tw>e sy/em call$ ,,mi/4 ,t /&s = ,microcomput] ,in=mation ,support ,tools4 ,"o ( ,,mi/'s _m features c help y\r comput] /ay 9 t\* ) o!rs--s5d electronic mail1 = in/ance1 or pick ! bra9s ( a micro ) a big data base4 8,p ,t10 z !y sign _! comput] messages1 _h be5 on l9e s9ce #aigg1 & x seem$ "r to ask !m = advice on mak+ small bus9ess contacts ?r\gh networks4 ,pet] c\ldn't talk t ev5+1 ! victim ( a temp]am5tal pr9t]1 b ,trudy (f]$ ^! sugge/ions1 among o!rs3 #a4 ,:atev] network y're on1 see if !re's a directory gr\p+ subscrib]s by int]e/4 ,:i* mat* y\rs8 8,y c s5d a hello message say+1 #8,?is is :o ,i am4 ,n[ tell me some?+ ab\t y4'0 ,?is electronic mail c\ld simultane\sly rea* a numb] ( select$ subscrib]s4 ,!n1 = in/ance1 two /ockbrok]s1 9 ,new ,york & ,wa%+ton1 c\ld ex*ange f9ancial & regulatory gossip4 ,o!r small bus9essm5 might simply discuss common problems4 ,! ,s\rce & a rival network1 ,compu,serve1 ea* boa/ well ov] sixty ?\s& subscrib]s2 s1 obvi\sly y d h a good *ance ( rea*+ ! "r p1 at lea/ if !y're pr(essionals or well-(f4 ,) cu/om]s typically e>n+ #ej1jjj or m1 ,! ,s\rce isn't ! way to cat* up ) welf>e mo!rs4 #b4 8,y mu/ take risks10 ,trudy w>ns4 8,y mu/ be able to ask /rang]s if !y c help y4 ,!re are diff]5t levels ( gett+ to "k p = bus9ess purposes40 ,if y're look+ = a bus9ess p>tn] = a major v5ture1 = in/ance1 don't rely j on electronic communications4 ,talk on ! phone be=e y team up2 meet him4 ,b ,trudy says networks are f9e = m9or transactions4 8,we've writt5 pap]s ) p we've nev] met10 %e says1 8& we work$ ) ,tur(f = two ye>s be=e we met him face to face40 #c4 ,tap out y\r messages kn[+ t p _c see y\r expression or he> inflections 9 y\r voice4 8,y may ev5 want to type #8,*uckle1'0 ,trudy says1 8if x's some?+ :]e y're be+ s>ca/ic or ironic40 ,( c\rse ! writt5 ^w has advantages4 8,y c ask p que/ions & say ?+s )\t confront+ !m directly10 %e says4 ,:at bett] way to bra9/orm wildly8 ,i'll add o!r advice3 try electronic bullet9 bo>ds4 ,!y "w1 believe me1 at lea/ on comput]-relat$ topics4 ,j]emy ,hewes1 = in/ance1 rea*$ me ?r\gh ,! ,s\rce1 :i*1 at my reque/1 _h giv5 me a demon/ration acc\nt1 a blu%1 electronic equival5t ( a press junket4 8,hello10 %e tapp$ out aft] see+ my note on a bullet9 bo>d = ,,ibm own]s4 8,"h are a few ?\ghts = y\r book on telecommut+ & relat$ matt]s40 ,we foll[$ ?r\gh by phone--b ,! ,s\rce pav$ ! way4 ,& we c\ld j z well h be5 ^? two /ockbrok]s swapp+ gossip electronically4 ,x's a di/9ct possibility1 s9ce half ,! ,s\rce subscrib]s use ! s]vice 9 full- or "p-"t occupations4 ,don't1 incid5tally1 give up mak+ electronic bus9ess contacts j because y c't af=d ,! ,s\rce or o!r br&-"n s]vices4 ,disc\nt1 no-frills networks w be spr++ up )\t1 say1 /ockm>ket reports4 ,*eck out prices4 ,exp]im5t4 ,get on a s]vice = a trial if ! connect *>ges ar5't =midable & see if y're meet+ y\r k9d ( p4 ,a network1 9 t s5se1 is j l a b>4 ,also consid] local bo>ds = :i* y don't ev5 h to pay long-di/ance *>ges4 ,john ,full] phon$ aft] ,i 8tack$ up0 a notice on a bo>d = ,hea? own]s ar\nd ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,ra9] ,malitzke-,goes1 an employee ) a l>ge communications satellite company & an invaluable s\rce ( te*nical in=mation1 rea*$ me ?r\gh ano!r local bo>d4 ,our comput]s1 h[ev]1 c also talk directly1 )\t a bo>d or network1 s ,i'll *eck "s te*nical details 9 ?is *apt] by zipp+ x to him electronically4 ,besides help+ y make bus9ess contacts1 y\r comput] c f]ret out facts 9 a hurry4 ,want to see if anyone else has />t$ a dog k5nel specializ+ 9 ,afghans8 ,well1 a magaz9e article or ab/ract1 /a%$ away 9 a comput] two ?\s& miles away1 may tell y4 ,j dial up ! "r in=mation s]vice4 ,= a li/+ ( data banks by subject1 consult ,in=mation ,indu/ry ,m>ket ,place1 publi%$ by ,b[k]1 #bje ,ea/ #dbnd ,/41 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 #ajjag4 ,p liv+ 9 small t[ns )\t good libr>ies w f9d electronic data bases especially useful4 ,a ,t5nessee doctor1 ,fr$]ick ,my]s1 sp5t two & "o-half h\rs on ! road :5 he p]iodically w5t to a m$ical libr>y sixty miles away4 ,n[ 8 microcomput]s br+ him ,m$l9e4 ,x's "o ( ! hundr$s ( data bases available ?r\gh ,dialog1 ! giant in=mation s]vice 9 ,palo ,alto1 ,cali=nia4 ,my]s told ,p]sonal ,comput+ t ,m$l9e let him 8d 9 t5 m9utes :at x w\ld take me h\rs to d at ! libr>y go+ ?r\gh ! h>db\nd indexes40 ,8 pati5ts h b5efit$4 ,:ile a pati5t 9 ! em]g5cy room lay ) /abb+ w\nds 9 8 /oma*1 ,my]s f]ret$ out relevant ab/racts via ,m$l9e4 ,electronic data bases don't j save "t4 ,) !m y c pick up odds & ends ( in=mation t pr9t$ indexes might n br+ out4 ,suppose y want to "k :i* celebrities h endors$ electric too?bru%es on television &1 se>*+ manually1 y don't f9d any?+ 9 ! too?bru% articles4 ,:at next8 ,well1 ! data banks' indexes might cov] ev5 "o-p>agraph m5tions ( electric too?bru%es--little ref]5ces 9 articles ab\t adv]tis+ or ab\t ! ,,vip too?bru% endors]s4 ,b bew>e4 ,electronic in=mation s]vices & data bases c co/ up to hundr$s ( doll>s an h\r to use4 ,y ne$ to "k :at to tell ! data bases to spew out ! facts y ne$4 ,& t c take "t4 ,luckily1 "s companies h develop$ programs t let y map out y\r /rategy (f-l9e in/ead ( giv+ comm&s :ile ! tick] is runn+4 ,"o1 call$ ,9-,se>*1 runs on ,,ibm-/yle micros1 & c save y ?\s&s ( doll>s ov] ! ye>s if y're a heavy ,dialog us]4 ,ev5 at #cii ,9-,se>* w\ld seem wor? x4 ,i c appreciate ?is all too well1 hav+ squ&]$ #ce 9 a few m9utes try+ to tap ,dialog = my 8,jewels t ,blip0 *apt]4 ,an exp]i5c$ libr>ian at a public libr>y op]at$ a t]m9al = me !re4 ,& yet at ! "t ev5 %e c\ld f9d next to no?+ on crimes aga9/ microcomput]s4 ,9-,se>* might h sav$ mu*--& maybe ev5 mo/--( ! #ce4 ,"u ! circum/ances1 9 fact1 ,i w\ld bett] h sp5t ! #ce on long-di/ance calls to ! "r au?orities1 :i* is :at ,i did4 ,in=mation s]vices ar5't panaceas4 ,mo/ ( ?is book comes f old-fa%ion$ pr9t & int]views4 ,my "w habits w *ange1 h[ev]1 z m p tap into data bases & ! co/s decl9e2 ,i'll be v selfi% & put 9 a good ^w = ,dialog & ! re/1 hop+ ev5tually to %>e ^! economies ( scale6 ,( ,packets & ,freight ,tra9s ,packet swit*+ l[]s ! co/ ( comput] communications nets & in=mation s]vices1 mak+ x possible = y to s5d #a1jjj words coa/ to coa/ = z little z #a4 ,! te*nique1 develop$ by ! milit>y1 lets _m ma*9es jabb] away at once on ! same phone l9e4 ,to tap into a packet-swit*+ net1 y typically dial local numb]s or #hjj ones rea*able nationally4 ,giant networks l ,tel5et & ,,mci ,mail use _m diff]5t phone l9es1 b t's /ill a fraction ( :at !y'd ne$ )\t packet swit*+4 ,j imag9e ea* ( ! nets' phone l9es z a rail l9e4 ,_m tra9s 7packets specify+ ! />ts & ends ( extrabrief comput] transmissions7 c zip ov] ! tracks at once if y keep !m f cra%+ into ea* o!r4 ,! tra9s c>ry freight 7bits & bytes ( in=mation74 ,electronic labels assure t ! c>go rea*es ! "r de/9ations 7! gizmos t =w>d ! in=mation ov] ! phone l9e to ! receiv+ comput]s74 ,naturally1 ! use ( common tra9s & rail l9es 7a packet-swit*+ network7 is m effici5t ?an replicat+ ! arrangem5t = ea* c>go recipi5t 7ea* comput]74 ,?is explanation1 ?\gh simplifi$1 sums up ! te*nique accord+ to ,v9ton ,g4 ,c]f1 a top packet-swit*+ exp]t4 ,incid5tally1 packet-swit*+ te*niques c also increase ! effici5cy ( networks connect+ comput]s 9 ! same (fice4 ,ev5 n[1 if y c p9 d[n y\r topic by "n1 y c pay next to no?+ to use electronic data banks & simil> s]vices on occasion4 ,y ne$n't ev5 c\gh up a fat subscription fee4 ,?r\gh ,,mci ,mail--#ah-;a-ye> basic *>ge--y c use ! ,d[ ,jones ,news_/,retrieval ,s]vice4 ,x's "o way to wat* companies ( int]e/4 ,regul>ly1 dur+ ! writ+ ( ?is book1 ,i w\ld ask ,d[ :at ,kaypro 0 up to4 ,i m]ely typ$ 84,,kpro0 & a c>riage return1 & ! comput] spew$ out ! late/ ,kaypro news2 ev5 at #cjj baud ! bullet9s took less ?an a m9ute or s to rea* me4 ,my co/8 ,maybe =ty c5ts a %ot4 ,j be=e ,ballant9e want$ ! f9al v]sion ( ?is manuscript1 ,i le>n$ ( /ockhold]s suits aga9/ ! ,kaypro--facts t ,i might n h kn[n 9 "t )\t ! ,d[ ,jones wire4 ,my exp]i5ce illu/rates ! spe$ ) :i* ! in=mation s]vices c update _! indexes & articles4 ,! ,new ,york ,times index at y\r local libr>y1 = in/ance1 may be weeks out ( date4 ,)\t a comput]iz$ se>* y'd bett] ei!r read 8,all ! ,news ,t's ,fit to ,pr9t0 e day or be will+ to flip ?r\gh p]haps a mon?'s wor? ( pap]s4 ,y c ev5 read cond5s$ articles daily f major pap]s on l9e--long be=e !y ?ud aga9/ y\r door1 :i* !y may nev] d if !y're 9 cities a cont95t away4 ,compu,serve (f]s ! ,wa%+ton ,po/1 = in/ance1 among o!rs1 plus ! ,associat$ ,press1 ! major ,am]ican wire s]vice4 ,! ,s\rce fla%es bullet9s f ,unit$ ,press ,int]national4 ,& !re are electronic editions ( specializ$ publications l ! ,u4,s4 ,news ,wa%+ton ,lett]4 8,buy /ocks n[10 ! ,lett]'s fir/ electronic edition said presci5tly 9 #aihb4 8,! v next day1 ,augu/ #ag10 gloat$ a news release f ,! ,s\rce1 8! /ock m>ket w5t ?r\gh ! ro(40 ,n surpris+ly1 big newspap] & magaz9e companies are t9k]+ ) electronic in=mation s]vices4 ,(t51 r ?an home comput]s1 ! s]vices use ,teletext 7us+ cable television l9es or broadca/ ,,tv7 or ,videotex 7phone l9es74 ,( c\rse l9es may fuzz betwe5 te*nologies4 ,television-bas$ sy/ems are gr[+ *eap]2 & som$ay y\r portable ,,tv may h a built-9 comput]1 a socket = a keybo>d1 & a flat1 high-resolution scre5 fit = ^w process+ & electronic mail4 ,call x a ,vu-,write4 ,make x a fir/-class color television4 ,b also a comput] suit$ = cl]ks & pr(essionals alike4 ,give x a memory sy/em less quirky ?an floppy disks4 ,develop idiot-pro( s(tw>e select$ by simple swit*es4 ,mass-produce a ,selectric-/yle keybo>d1 deta*able1 or1 ev5tually1 a good voice recogniz]4 ,?r[ 9 artificial spee*1 too1 once x's p]fect$1 & include a built-91 high-spe$ modem or ! equival5t4 ,sell ! ,vu-,write = #bjj at ! local ,se>s4 ,or p]haps to companies :o c recruit cl]ical telecommut]s by 9 effect (f]+ free ,t,vs4 ,some:]e 9 ,silicon ,valley1 a savvy company may be at "w on a ,vu-,write n[2 & if x succe$s1 maybe mass telecommut+ w be ) u soon] ?an anyone ?\ght4 ,no matt] :at1 ,vu-,write or n1 en]gy crisis or n1 ?9k ab\t telecommut+ & relat$ innovations be=e y\r competitors d4 ,"o intellig5t /ep w\ld be ! use ( electronic mail :]e appropriate4 ,backups3 ,,xi1 ,! ,micro ,connection3 ,"s ,critical ,explanations1 page #cdi4 ,,xii1 ,,modem#g3 ,an ,almo/ ,free & ,fairly ,easy ,way to ,talk to ,o!r ,comput]s1 page #ced4 ,,xiii1 ,:y ,n an ,electronic ,peace ,corps81 page #cff4 #ab ,h[ ,i ,f\nd 8,god10 on ,,mci 7& a ,few ,o!r ,odds & ,ends ,ab\t ,electronic ,mail7#ge ,y won't f9d ! ,devil li/$ on ,,mci's electronic mail network4 ,b y'll f9d 8,god10 ,william ,f4 ,buckley1 ,jr41 musician ,pet] ,n]o1 ,,ibm1 o!r ,=tune #ejj companies1 me1 & at lea/ "o hundr$ ?\s& m subscrib]s1 includ+ a ,we/]n ,union (ficial :o's keep+ up ) ! competition4 ,footnote #ge3 ,"s ( ! mat]ial 9 ?is *apt] orig9ally appe>$ 9 an article ,i did = ,,usa ,today4 ,i've also made use ( facts f ! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal1 ,m>* #af1 #aihd1 p4 #bi4 8,god0 is a man 9 ,morgant[n1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 & 8 li/+ popp$ up :51 out ( curiosity1 ,i typ$ 8,god0 aft] ,,mci's 8,to30 prompt4 ,i don't "k if 8,god0 is a prea*] or a bus9essman ^: company has a di/9ctive "n or initials4 ,i'm happy to see him regi/]$ ) ,,mci1 h[ev]4 ,:5 ,i w5t look+ = 8,god0 e>li] on ! net1 ! comput] said 9 its lit]al way1 8,god n f\nd4 ,ent] a po/al address or ,,tlx 7,telex address740 ,i /ill c't sc>e up 8,satan10 at lea/ electronically2 b ,,mci's reply to my la/ 8,god0 entry %[$ bo? ! bread? & v]satility t ,,mci & o!r sy/ems may acquire if ,e-,mail boo/]s are "r4 ,! devil actually may be on ,,mci any day n[4 ,sev]al hundr$ ?\s& ,am]icans are hook$ up to "o mail net or ano!r1 & m ?an five million %\ld be tapp+ out messages t way by ! end ( ! decade4 ,9 ,virg9ia a f9ancial plann] has us$ ,e-,mail's spe$ to save a #cjj1jjj deal ?reat5$ by a legal deadl9e4 ,) ,e-,mail y c3 ,s5d messages comput] to comput] )9 an (fice or ar\nd ! _w4 ,at _! conv5i5ce recipi5ts c fla% messages across _! scre5s or pr9t !m out4 ,use a comput] to zip messages to special c5t]s ne> recipi5ts4 ,! c5t]s pr9t ! messages1 !n deliv] !m by c\ri] or local mail4 ,t's h[ y c ov]come "o ( ! orig9al drawbacks ( electronic mail--! o!r p]son's lack+ a comput] on ! same network4 ,s5d & receive messages via ! ,telex network--:i*1 ( c\rse1 is :y ,,mci ,mail politely ask$ = 8,god's0 ,telex numb]4 8,e-,mail c be no?+ m ?an ! comput] equival5t ( a telephone-answ]+ box 444 /or+ messages = p to read :5 !y h a *ance10 says ,/eve ,caswell1 a consultant :o edits ,electronic ,mail ,micro ,sy/ems1 a lead+ indu/ry newslett]4 8,at its mo/ complex level1 x's a v intellig5t ultimate communications device40 ,electronic mail's roots are 9 ! telegraph1 ,we/]n ,union telegrams1 & ,telex ma*9es4 ,comput]iz$ ,e-,mail has sprung up 9 ! pa/ two decades2 x grew 9 ! milit>y & academic communities & spread to gov]nm5t ag5cies & high-te* companies l ,texas ,in/rum5ts4 ,)9 ! pa/ few ye>s1 ?\s&s ( home us]s & o!r bus9esses h jump$ 94 ,competition is ke54 ,! ,we/]n ,union man is on ,,mci because he wants to see h[ x /acks up aga9/ 8 company's own ,e-,mail op]ation1 ,easy,link4 ,,gte ,corporation & ,int]national ,telephone & ,telegraph (f] ,e-,mail s]vice4 ,s does ,! ,s\rce1 :i* lets companies set up _! own ,e-,mail networks )\t inve/+ 9 giant comput]s4 ,in/ead1 !y piggyback on ,! ,s\rce's comput] bank 9 ! ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 area4 ,us]s c dump messages into ,! ,s\rce's comput]s ov] phone l9es or log 9 to see :at messages await !m4 ,an*or ,f9ancial ,s]vices1 9 ,pho5ix1 ,arizona1 us$ ,! ,s\rce to rig up a network x hop$ w\ld lead to well ov] #a million 9 annual commissions4 ,"o hundr$ f9ancial plann]s 7 on l9e1 & ,don ,de ,"y1 s5ior m>ket+ vice-presid5t1 expect$ "s fifte5 hundr$ by #aihe4 ,!y'd be able to place mutual-fund ord]s = cli5ts1 conduct o!r transactions l plac+ insurance & annuity ord]s1 & pick ! bra9s ( ,an*or's f9ancial exp]ts4 ,"o plann]1 ,joe ,s*op5 ( ,norfolk1 ,virg9ia1 already has us$ ,an*or's ,e-,mail to save a #cjj1jjj cable ,,tv-relat$ deal4 ,t5 inve/ors want$ a tax break1 available only if a ,virg9ia ag5cy approv$ _! p>tn]%ip docum5ts be=e ! end ( ! ye>4 ,at ! la/ m9ute1 ,s*op5 le>n$ ( additions t w\ld be requir$2 ,e-,mail gave him ! spe$y deliv]y t he ne$$ = ! inve/ors to sign ! legal pap]s 9 "t4 8,)\t electronic mail10 he says1 8we v likely w\ld h lo/ ^? sales4 8,i've he>d we're gett+ a #aj p]c5t increase 9 productivity because ( our fa/] turn>\nd & because our cli5ts c electronically le>n :5 o!r p receive messages = !m40 ,"s o!r advantages ( ,e-,mail are3 #a4 ,l[] phone bills4 ,9 a ,midwe/]n (fice ( ! ,h4 ,j4 ,he9z ,company1 a secret>y says ! ,compu,serve network _h cut h] phone "t by #hj p]c5t4 ,us+ electronic mail1 = in/ance1 ,sue ,cl>k c s5d a memo to doz5s ( (fices at once4 #b4 ,elim9ation ( telephone tag4 8,we c type a memo at ! end ( our workday & h a response f ! ,we/ ,coa/ by ! next morn+10 says ,philip ,seld51 an ,ohio-bas$ executive ) ,ow5s-,ill9ois ,inc41 :o is us+ ,we/]n ,union's ,easy,link s]vice4 #c4 ,an end to g>bl$ messages4 ,errors & misund]/&+s decl9e :5 p c write electronic messages4 #d4 ,m effici5t %>+ ( ideas4 ,comput] conf]5c+ is an example4 ,a gr\p ( p ) simil> int]e/s c keep a runn+ record ( _! electronic conv]sations4 ,say y're an oil company ) doz5s or hundr$s ( (f%ore rigs4 ,h[ to %>e ideas on effici5cy1 safety1 o!r relat$ topics8 ,well1 via radio-telephone l9k 9 "s cases1 y\r rig p might log onto an electronic network4 ,!re !y might read & add to ! rem>ks left by o!r p 9 ?is ongo+ conv]sation4#gf ,n[ let's say somebody want$ to 8speak0 to only "o o!r p]son on ! network4 ,he c\ld d x4 ,likewise1 he might =m a subgr\p--say1 "o ( p int]e/$ 9 helicopt] safety4 ,footnote #gf3 ,! example ( comput]iz$ conf]5c+ comes f ,p>ticipation ,sy/ems1 ,inc41 a ,w9*e/]1 ,massa*usetts1 firm t provid$ ! s(tw>e = comput] conf]5c+ on ,! ,s\rce4 ,e-,mail also is a boon to travel]s us+ portable comput]s4 ,pet] ,n]o says t :ile on ! road1 he (t5 mu/ reply quickly to proposals = conc]t appe>ances4 ,s he taps out lett]s 9 midflight on a lap-siz$ ,radio ,%ack comput]1 !n zips !m ov] hotel phone l9es to 8 (fice4 ,9 ,los ,angeles a ma*9e pr9ts !m = 8 secret>y to mail4 ,!re are o!r virtues ( ,e-,mail--,,mci c ev5 arrange to pr9t lett]s on y\r lett]head4 ,a t5-ye>-old drew 8 own ,bucky ,beav] logo = lett]s to ,gr&ma1 & a ,*icago bank foll[s up ) las]-pr9t$ lett]s to impress ! millionaires its sales reps call on4 ,e-,mail also c add new wr9kles to old fri5d%ips1 bus9ess & private4 ,two & "o-half decades ago1 an elem5t>y-s*ool pal nam$ ,ge(f ,fobes mov$ to ,india ) 8 p>5ts1 & we />t$ scrawl+ lett]s2 ,i ev5 fool$ myself into ?9k+ ,i c\ld le>n ,h9di f a book he mail$4 ,n long ago ,i introduc$ ,ge(f--by n[ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a--to ,,mci ,mail4 8,well10 he typ$1 8x seem$ only k>mically fitt+ to be writ+ y fir/4 ,_m glori\s surprises :5 y\r lett] began to appe>4 ,my fa!r 0 daz$ & said ?is 0 a hi/oric mom5t4 ,seems melodramatic1 b !n he is an old ,/ate ,dep>tm5t manual typewrit] man40 ,electronic mail1 ( c\rse1 also has its negatives4 ,take ,n]o4 ,he might h us$ direct phone hookups to 8 (fice comput]s _m times1 or p]haps o!r networks2 b z ( spr+ #aihd he 0 f> f a regul> on ! ,,mci network4 ,mon?s aft] ,i 8mail$0 a message to him1 ,i hadn't gott5 an electronic receipt confirm+ t he _h read my 8lett]40 ,& ,i'm /ill wait+ = 8,god0 to reply4 ,z ( e>ly #aihd1 ,,mci _h pick$ up sixty-five ?\s& ( its subscrib]s f ! ,d[ ,jones ,news ,retrieval ,s]vice & ! ,bibliographic ,retrieval ,s]vice4 ,& _m _h n logg$ on ev5 once4 ,"s regi/rants--includ+ 8,god08--didn't ev5 "k ! ,e-,mail s]vice exi/$4 ,s ,,mci 0 flood+ subscrib]s' mailboxes--! pap] k9d--) bro*ures tell+ !m ( ,,ibm ,p,cs & o!r goodies await+ p if !y sign$ on electronically to ent] draw+s4 8,god0 !oretically might h won 8a luxury vacation 9 ,hawaii40 8,s9ce ! programs 7 ann\nc$10 said ! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal1 8weekly electronic volume has ris5 #bj p]c5t40 ,,mci 9 late #aihd boa/$ #aej1jjj subscrib]s4 ,by n[ x may h ano!r feature4 ,pay extra & a comput] w r+ y up & read y y\r message4 ,& ev5tually--maybe ev5 "r n[--y'll be able to pay bills & see y\r bank balance via ! network4 ,/ill1 fe>+ loss ( privacy1 "s p won't use ,,mci ,mail & simil> s]vices4 8,electronic mail10 said my lit]>y ag5t1 ,b]5ice ,h(fman1 ev] vigilant ab\t h] cli5ts' privacy1 8is = lett]s address$ #8,occupant4#80 ,p]haps = ?is v reason1 ,,mci ,mail's bills don't li/ ! recipi5ts ( messages unless y want4 ,9 t limit$ s5se ,,mci is m private ?an ! telephone sy/em4 ,y %\ldn't use ,e-,mail = confid5tial correspond5ce1 h[ev]1 if y c't protect y\r message ) electronic scrambl+4 ,ian 78,capta9 ,zap07 ,murphy1 :om ,,mci ,mail li/s "u 8 real "n1 really b\ght t po9t home4 8,any easy way to get into ,,mci's op]at+ sy/em80 he ask$4 8,come on1 ,ian10 ,i said4 8,let's n c\rt temptation4 ,t w\ld be l giv+ an alcoholic a bottle ( ,jack ,daniels40 ,we jok$ ov] x4 ,he said ^? days 7 beh9d him4 ,& yet ,i wond]$ :e!r1 ev5 n[1 hack]s 7 unravel+ ! security ( ! ,,mci net4 ,e-,mail _h & has o!r drawbacks4 ,high-te* intimidates "s executives2 o!rs see typ+ z a ?reat to ! executive image4 ,!n !re are te*nical glit*es4 ,gil ,gordon1 ! telecommut+ consultant1 gave up ,,mci ,mail 9 disgu/ because = "s /range reason he _h tr\ble gett+ 8 micro to %[ new l9es on ! scre5 prop]ly :5 he 0 typ+ lett]s4 ,also1 ev5 ?\gh ,,mci ballyhoos itself z a l9k betwe5 _m k9ds ( ma*9es1 y normally c't und]l9e some?+ on y\r ,x]ox #hfj1 say1 & h x %[ up "r on someone's ,,ibm runn+ ,p]fect ,writ]4 ,,mci /rips ! special *>act]s = und]l9+1 boldfac+1 & sev]al o!r typographical trimm+s4 7,among ^w processors1 !re are no su* /&>d codes = su* features47 8,,mci's us+ u z gu9ea pigs10 compla9$ ,pet] ,ross ,range1 a ,wa%+ton writ] ^: d\ble-spac$ lett]s 7 turn+ s+le-spac$ :5 ,,mci pr9t$ !m4 ,t happ5$ ) ,word,star1 ! popul> ^w processor4 ,,mci put out a detail$ explanation ( h[ to avoid su* problems1 & ,i pass$ on ! basics to ,pet]1 :o said1 8,:at's ! po9t if x takes t long & ,i c j call a mess5g] f an express s]vice80 ,pet] also f\nd t on "s days ,,mci ,mail j w\ldn't "w at times2 ,i myself notic$ t1 too4 ,& "s p's #b ,,mci lett]s1 pass$ on to ! ,u4,s4 ,po/al ,s]vice = deliv]y z 8h>d copy10 7 tak+ sev]al days to arrive4 ,/ill o!r ,,mci messages1 h>d copy or electronic1 nev] rea*$ _! de/9ations at any "t4 ,s]vice to ,new ,york seem$ ! wor/ b 0 bett] to m$ium-siz$ cities1 especially 9 ! ,midwe/4 ,^? are all issues crucial to bus9ess4 ,,mci ,mail dates back only to late #aihc1 & by n[ maybe ?+s are mu* bett]4 ,p]haps s(tw>e mak]s & ,,mci & rivals w coop]ate 9 a big way som$ay s t y r\t9ely c get boldfac+ & o!r 8luxuries0 if y /ick ! "r comm& 9 y\r electronic file4 ,glit*es & all1 ,,mci /ill works out = budget-m9d$ writ]s & consultants4 ,a 8mailbox0 is j #ah a ye>1 & if y c dial up ,,mci locally z p 9 mo/ l>ge cities c1 y pay a m]e #a to s5d #a1jjj words comput]-to-comput] 9 ! ,u4,s4--includ+ ,hawaii4 ,inde$1 ,jim ,fall[s says he & "s o!r ,atlantic ,mon?ly writ]s r\t9ely use ! s]vice = try+ articles out on ea* o!r4 ,9 addition1 ,,mci (f]s "s neat little wr9kles = heavy-duty corporate us]s4 ,companies ) 9-h\se sy/ems c set up bridges betwe5 ! ,,mci & _! exi/+ electronic mail nets4 ,z ! ,,mci bragg$ 9 its on-l9e newslett]1 y c simultane\sly 8s5d a company-wide memo electronically on y\r int]nal sy/em2 copy y\r attorneys1 :o subscribe to ,,mci ,mail2 copy y\r v5dors ) las]-pr9t$1 fir/-class lett]s10 & 8deliv] ! boss's copy ! same day at 8 conf]5ce 9 ,dallas40 ,if ! boss is 9 ,london1 a lett] writt5 on y\r comput] c rea* him by c\ri] aft] a ma*9e pr9ts x out4 ,:at's m1 = a fraction ( ! co/ ( ,telexes1 y c directly rea* bus9ess associates' comput]s 9 ,engl& or a numb] ( o!r c\ntries4 ,( c\rse1 especially if y're a bus9ess1 d look at ! o!r ,e-,mail networks1 too4 ,i've writt5 mu* "h ab\t ,,mci simply because x is "o ( ! l>ge/ networks & ,i'm mo/ famili> ) x4 ,all ! ,e-,mail s]vices1 at any rate1 (f] ! same advantages ov] conv5tional lett]s3 spe$4 ,ev5 skeptics see ! pot5tial4 ,pet] ,ross ,range1 ! man ) ! ,word,star-,,mci woes1 says1 8,i want ! day to come soon :5 ,i won't h to lick ano!r /amp40 ,"s ( ! mo/ useful electronic mail c g f p]son to ano!r 9 ! same build+ or complex--a capability made possible ?r\gh local network+1 discuss$ 9 ! next *apt]4 #ac ,net ,ga9 ,back 9 #aihc a "y ,,cpa nam$ ,john ,madd5 came to "w z in=mation sy/ems manag] = ,c>sonville ,metal ,products 9 rural ,mi*igan4 ,he f\nd j two comput]s !re--an ,,ibm m9i & an ,apple ,,iii4 ,l mo/ comput]s1 !y 7 lon]s4 ,! ,,ibm1 us$ = acc\nt+1 didn't pass its figures on to ! ,apple to be put 9 reports or maybe spread%eets4 ,! ,apple didn't talk back4 ,today1 ?\gh1 ,c>sonville n only owns m ma*9es2 !y're m sociable4 ,its tw5ty-"o ,kaypros speak to ea* o!r ?r\gh a local area network4 ,t's gobbl$ygook = ne>by comput]s swapp+ electronic files or programs--& %>+ goodies l pr9t]s4 ,p1 too1 are communicat+ bett]4 ,!y ne$n't swap floppy disks z (t5 or fight _! way ?r\gh z mu* pap]work4 ,?anks to ! comput] network1 ,madd5 says1 ,c>sonville may enjoy #a1jjj a ye> m 9 effective "w "t f ea* (fice /aff]4 ,t's n all4 ,sales normally are ar\nd #ab million a ye>2 ,c>sonville competes 9 ! dog-eat-dog areas ( def5se & auto-p>ts contracts2 & ! network may help w9 millions ( doll>s ( new bus9ess4 ,) facts h&i]1 ! executives c m easily submit l[ b reali/ic bids4 ,! secret is simple3 ,! ,,web network1 :i* 9 late #aihd 0 li/+ = sev]al hundr$ doll>s p] comput]4 ,! ,,web's price s\nds outrage\s4 ,x isn't4 ,_h ,c>sonville us$ ,e!rnet or ano!r ( ! mu*-t\t$ networks1 x might h sp5t well ov] #a1jjj to wire 9 ea* comput]--p]haps sev]al ?\s& ) all ! trimm+s includ$4 ,in/ead1 ,madd5 w5t by ! philosophy ( ?is book4 ,he %opp$ ar\nd = ! lea/ co/ly gizmos t c\ld d ! job well4 ,s\p+ up ! ,,ibm m9i wasn't ! answ]4 ,x (f]$ #fd megabytes ( /orage1 ! equival5t ( #cb1jjj d\ble-spac$ typewritt5 pages4 ,b ,madd5 worri$ if x c\ld run programs fa/ en\gh ) a numb] ( p tugg+ at x simultane\sly4 8,we _h five t]m9als1 & we dropp$ x to f\r10 he said1 8because our m9i sl[$ d[n horribly ev5 ) five40 ,go+ ! m9i r\te1 ,madd5 w\ld also h _h to sp5d p]haps #cj1jjj on at lea/ tw5ty m t]m9als )\t ! bra9s ( a full-fl$g$ comput]4 ,9 addition1 he'd h _h to buy new s(tw>e & o!r h>dw>e1 s ! f9al co/s might h total$ up to #ajj1jjj4 ,besides1 ,madd5 *]i%$ ! notion ( a 8democratic0 sy/em4 ,ma*9es at all locations %\ld boa/ pl5ty ( p[]2 !n p w\ld feel m 9 control1 & ! :ole sy/em w\ldn't fall ap>t if a ,big ,bro!r comput] broke d[n4 ,madd5 might also h gone ano!r r\te1 buy+ a multius]-sy/em micro--"o comput] & a numb] ( dumb t]m9als1 some:at l ! m9i arrangem5t4 ,t1 too1 h[ev]1 w\ldn't h be5 8democratic40 ,& ) too _m p pil$ on ! sup]micro1 x might h run programs at ! pace ( a crippl$ snail4 ,,unix1 ! s(tw>e sy/em develop$ by ,bell ,laboratories1 0 good = multius] arrangem5ts & all[$ mu* m spe$--b few comput] & s(tw>e companies _h ,,unix (f]+s out yet4 ,madd51 anyway1 want$ 8 ma*9es to run prov5 ,,cp_/,m programs l d,b,a,s,e ,,ii & ,word,star2 he felt !y 7 p[]ful en\gh = ! jobs he requir$2 he ne$n't mess ) ! m fa%ionable #af-;bit1 ,,ibm-/yle micros4 ,h>d disks w\ld help1 ?\gh4 8,i'd be5 a p>tn] 9 a public acc\nt+ firm10 he said1 8& ,i'd pick$ up a h>d disk = myself1 & x ran mu* fa/] ?an floppy disks1 & ,i didn't ev] want to g back to floppies40 ,s he set 8 sights on ,kaypro #ajs--) h>d disks built 9--& began mapp+ out 8 network+ s*eme4 ,) tw5ty-"o ,kaypros1 ea* (f]+ ar\nd #aj megabytes ( useful /orage1 8 company's comput]s c\ld /a% away ov] #bjj megabytes1 or m ?an ?ree times ! space on ! ,,ibm m9i4 8,i don't ?9k p appreciate ! p[] ( micros 9 a network configuration10 he said4 ,b :i* network to buy8 8,we 7 j look+ at ! ability to %>e & update ! files on our disks f any location10 ,madd5 said4 8,& we want$ ! ability to %>e equipm5t l pr9t]s4 ,we didn't ne$ an elaborate electronic mail or message sy/em4 ,we already _h int]coms4 ,& we also didn't ne$ ! ability to transmit graphics40 ,f ! />t ,madd5 knew he hadn't ! slighte/ use = a deluxe network1 su* z "o call$ ,wangnet1 :i* c\ld transmit voice & ev5 ,,tv pictures b didn't come 9 a v]sion work+ ) ! ,kaypro4 ,well1 h[ ab\t ,x]ox's ,e!rnet8 ,x]ox 0 hop+ t ,e!rnet w\ld become an indu/ry /&>d1 & "s us]s lov$ x4 8,e!rnet has be5 v good = u10 said a comput] man ) ! ,k5tucky /ate gov]nm5t1 a te/ us]2 he told ,comput]world ( 8excell5t productivity ga9s40 ,e!rnet1 ?\gh1 l ,wangnet1 didn't run ) ! ,kaypro at ! "t ,madd5 0 %opp+1 & x also _h too mu* capacity = him4 ,:at's m1 a v]sion ( x cra%$ dur+ a demon/ration :5 two p 7 try+ at ! same "t to read an electronic file4 ,madd5 mov$ on4 ,reliability c\nt$ mo/4 ,spe$ matt]$1 too1 & he te/$ ,! ,,web to see h[ fa/ x c\ld move files f "o ,kaypro #aj to ano!r4 8,we set up ma*9es ,a1 ,b1 & ,c10 said ,madd54 8,we _h ma*9e ,a giv+ ! comm&s = a file to be copi$ f ma*9e ,b to ma*9e ,c4 ,at ! same "t1 we _h ,c transf] a file f ,a to ,b1 & we _h ,b transf] a file f ,a to ,c4 8,p at all ?ree ma*9es hit ! return keys at ! same "t0--to give !m comm&s--8& !n we wat*$ :at w\ld happ54 8,we f\nd t ! ma*9es copi$ ! files )\t errors 9 maybe "o m9ute40 ,& ! files 7 ab\t #ajj,k long1 ar\nd fifty d\ble-spac$ typewritt5 pages4 ,madd5 also tri$ ano!r te/ to see h[ mu* ,! ,,web w\ld sl[ d[n ! spe$ at :i* p c\ld run programs4 ,he comp>$3 #a4 ,h[ long a ,kaypro took to sort d,b,a,s,e ,,ii files electronically :ile n hook$ up to ! network4 #b4 ,h[ long x took :ile connect$ to ! network4 #c4 ,h[ long a second ,kaypro ne$$ to sort ! d,b,a,s,e files 9 ! fir/ ma*9e via ! network4 8,9 ea* case10 said ,madd51 8!re 0 an increase 9 "t1 b x 0 /ill acceptable40 ,s ,c>sonville b\ght ,! ,,web & sav$ a pile comp>$ to do+ x ) an old or a new m9i4 ,! ,kaypro #ajs co/ #b1gej ea*1 :i*1 multipli$ by #ba1 came to #ee1jjj1 & ,! ,,web 9 a te/ v]sion 0 #bej p] ma*9e = ! s(tw>e & a circuit bo>d4 ,t 0 j ab\t ev]y?+ b odds & ends su* z #hj = #a1jjj feet ( telephone-/yle wire4 ,total exp5ses8 ,mu* less ?an #gj1jjj4 ,& ev5 ) ,! ,,web's li/ price ( #cej p] ma*9e1 ,c>sonville's co/s /ill 7 at lea/ #cj1jjj less ?an ^? ( s\p+ up ! m9i sy/em or buy+ a new "o4 ,lat]1 ,madd5 discov]$ a glit*4 ,! ,,web let p fla% %ort messages across ea* o!r's scre5s1 a feature call$ 8fla%10 & x cra%$ d,b,a,s,e ,,ii4 ,he felt 8 p w\ldn't ne$ t wr9kle1 h[ev]1 & !y c\ld avoid ! problem j by disabl+ 8fla%40 ,ed ,bigel[1 presid5t ( ,adevco1 ,inc41 :i* made ,! ,,web1 said t if ,c>sonville _h want$ 8fla%10 !n ,madd5 c\ld h _h ! network or d,b,a,s,e ,,ii modifi$ to snuff out ! glit*4#gg ,footnote #gg3 ,bigel['s company1 ,adevco1 ,inc41 #bade ,m>ket ,/41 ,camp ,hill1 ,p5nsylvania1 manufactures ,! ,,web equipm5t "u a lic5se f ,! ,,web's design]s4 ,t's ,c5tram ,sy/ems1 ,inc41 ,p4,o4 ,box #eaa1 ,camp ,hill1 ,p5nsylvania1 :i* also sells to manufactur]s to add to _! comput]s4 ,a ,cali=nia company1 ,trantor ,sy/ems1 likewise makes a network call$ ,,web3 ?is may or may n mean a "n *ange = ! ,c5tram te*nology4 ,at any rate1 ,adevco itself may ab&on ! ,,web "n = o!r reasons4 8,we may drop ! "n & m>ket ! product ) ! same te*nology 9 a diff]5t v]sion "u a numb] ( names10 said ,bigel[4 8,if we enhance ! product en\gh1 ,i may want m ,adevco id5tification40 ,:atev] ! case1 ! little d,b,a,s,e ,,ii problem %[$ ! importance ( prospective cu/om]s putt+ networks ?r\gh _! paces ) v>i\s programs--ideally1 be=e buy+4 ,"h's a summ>y ( que/ions to ask 9 sett+ up a network3 ,d ,y ,ne$ ,"o8 ,don't be exp5sively tr5dy4 ,y h j ?ree o!r p 9 ! (fice1 & ! pap]work isn't pil$ t high8 ,!n y might be mu* bett] (f trad+ floppies4 ,b if y're a busy law (fice1 y might want to get a lot ( /&>d1 boil]plate p>agraphs f a h>d disk %>$ via a network or multius] sy/em4 ,especially y might consid] a network or multius] sy/em :]e m ?an "o p]son is con/antly dipp+ into ! same data base4 ,suppose ,production wants to "k five times a day h[ _m widget p>ts ,inv5tory has left 9 fifte5 categories4 ,!n a network c\ld help4 ,! ,sales ,dep>tm5t1 aft] all1 may want to use ! same comput] to f9d out h[ _m f9i%$ products are 9 /ock4 ,( c\rse1 if !re are five hundr$ p dipp+ into a data base1 a m9i or ma9frame w\ld be ! ticket4 ,also1 ev5 ,bigel[ w>ns aga9/ br++ networks into companies 9 :i* p won't be will+ to keep _! electronic files 9 ord]4 ,he recalls "o (fice 9 :i* 8p _h be5 us+ electronic typewrit]s & !y'd swit*$ to micros rec5tly & 7 c>eless ab\t :]e !y put _! disks4 ,!y ev5 left magnetiz$ scissors & pap] clips on !m4 8,p didn't tru/ ea* o!r's diskettes--or diskette habits4 ,& on a network y c't be sloppy4 ,y c\ld de/roy ev]y?+ if managem5t hasn't set up ! sy/em well4 ,ev5 on "s good networks p c wreak havoc on ea* o!r's files by ov]cr[d+ disks ) in=mation4 ,!re c ev5 be network saboteurs4 8,y c't network unless p act z a team & c>e ab\t _! colleagues' records4 ,if a company's isn't l t1 x might be bett] (f ) a /rong data-process+ dep>tm5t to police ev]yone4 ,or !y might j use micros n connect$ to ea* o!r--s t p w cra% only _! own disks4 8,!y might network only aft] !y've successfully run employees ?r\gh a tra9+ program to promote good "w habits40 ,9 ,g5]al1 ,d ,y ,"k ,:at ,y ,want ,to ,d--,) ,p & ,equipm5t8 ,y're really plann+ y\r (fice1 n j %opp+ = a connection betwe5 comput]s4 ,all k9ds ( que/ions pop up--= in/ance3 #a4 ,h[ ext5sive d y want y\r network's file-%>+ capabilities to be8 ,translation3 8,h[ important is x = p to %>e _! pap]work electronically80 #b4 ,:o'll manage ! network8 ,:o'll det]m9e :o c see :at electronic files8 ,:o'll keep track ( passwords8 ,:o'll make sure t a c>eless b tal5t$ work] c't de/roy irreplaceable in=mation8 ,y don't1 by ! way1 want y\r network manag] to turn p[] hungry4 8,he %\ldn't be ! network police10 jokes ,bigel[4 8,he %\ld be ! network janitor--9 ! s5se ( keep+ ev]y?+ 9 place electronically4 ,y might also ?9k ( him z a network tea*]4 ,he c help tell p ! "r way to d ?+s40 ,bigel[1 9 fact1 w>ns aga9/ "o p]son hold+ sway ov] ! o!rs by be+ ! only "o famili> ) network proc$ures4 #c4 ,d y want to assign special network-relat$ duties to o!r p8 ,"o employee1 = in/ance1 may be ! cu/odian ( an exp5sive las] pr9t] & make sure t o!r p are us+ x mo/ effici5tly4 #d4 ,:o w "w at :at node8 ,t's j>gon = a location or "w /ation4 #e4 ,w "s p %>e "w /ations8 ,if s1 y'd bett] decide :i* tasks 9 y\r (fice are go+ to be done 9 :at corn]s ( ! room4 #f4 ,:i* comput]s w /ore :i* electronic files8 #g4 ,h[ _m pr9t]s & o!r gizmos w p %>e1 & :]e w !y g8 ,presumably1 y don't want a pr9t] five hundr$ feet f ! p fe$+ _! files into x4 ,y also %\ld decide h[ _m exp5sive1 lett]-quality pr9t]s y ne$ & h[ _m *eapies l dot matrixes4 ,make up y\r m9d--be=e y\r (fice wa/es #d1jjj on a second las] pr9t] :5 j "o might d4 ,! same idea might apply to high-spe$ modems if y\r network all[s comput]s to %>e !m4 #h4 ,:at k9ds ( comput]s are y plann+ to hook up8 ,! ,,web z ( mid-#aihd 0 runn+ only ) ,kaypros4 ,b a v]sion = ,i,b,ms 0 9 ! works4 ,"o advantage ( a big-"n network1 h[ev]1 is t x may m easily get ma*9es ( diff]5t br&s on speak+ t]ms4 ,t c\ld c\nt if y're plann+ to trade 9 y\r old micros soon4 ,!re's a caveat4 ,"s networks may "w ) _m ma*9es b may n be z p[]ful z ^? d$icat$ to "o br&4 ,s ,apples & ,i,b,ms might bo? %>e ! same h>d disk b might n be able to read ea* o!r's files )\t co/ly add-ons4 ,h[ ,fa/ ,d ,y ,want ! ,network to ,transf] ,in=mation8 ,x'll dep5d l>gely on ! type ( network--a topic cov]$ lat] 9 ?is *apt]4 ,wangnet w zip in=mation ov] ! wires _m times fa/] ?an w ,! ,,web2 x's a boon = ^? :o ne$ t capability b a frill = ^? :o don't4 ,m9d y1 a network itself isn't necess>ily ! ma9 det]m9ant ( ! spe$ ) :i* files zip back & =? betwe5 ma*9es4 ,! spe$ ( y\r comput]s' floppies 9 _m cases w c\nt m ?an ! network's transmission rate1 & t's true to a less] ext5t ( ,w9*e/] h>d disks4 ,diff]5t networks1 ( c\rse1 may "w fa/] or sl[] :5 team$ up ) ! same comput]4 ,also1 "s networks seem fa/ :5 y don't h _m us]s4 ,b !n1 ) a l>ge numb]1 rival networks are fa/]4 ,h[ ,mu* ( a ,load ,d ,y ,want to ,put ,on ,y\r ,network--& ,c ,x ,h&le ,x8 ,h[ _m comput]s d y want hook$ 98 ,& h[ mu* ( a /ra9 w !y place on ! network be=e x cra%es or sl[s d[n to a bo!rsome ext5t8 ,if p are runn+ data-base programs on colleagues' files1 a network might only "w ) a few us]s1 b if !y're j occasionally swapp+ electronic files1 ! same sy/em may accommodate hundr$s ( comput]s4 ,t's especially true1 say1 if y're a publi%+ h\se ) _m writ]s b few editors4 ,! writ]s may n communicate mu* betwe5 !mselves1 s t ! h&ful ( editors are ! only ones really tax+ ! sy/em4 ,& s9ce !y're n runn+ o!r p's programs1 ev5 ! editors won't be t mu* ( a burd54 ,! same pr9ciple might apply to an educational network 9 :i* "o tea*] is ov]see+ _m /ud5ts4 ,is ! ,network ,reliable 9 ,o!r ,ways8 ,are ! wires & connectors /rong en\gh me*anically1 = in/ance8 ,h[ mu* does ! network tol]ate mi/akes--h[ cra%pro( is x8 ,& :at ab\t ! s(tw>e8 ,suppose two p at once are call+ up a directory to f9d out :at's on a common disk4 ,w ! director accurately li/ e file8 ,does ! network p]=m well n only ) ! directory program b ) o!r utility-/yle s(tw>e 9 ,,cp_/,m1 ,,ms-,,dos1 or :atev] op]at+ sy/em y're us+8 ,h[ ,easy ,mu/ ! ,network be to ,use8 ,! ,,web is easy b n = ! untra9$ novice4 ,us+ ! ,kaypro v]sion1 y ne$ to "k at lea/ ! basic ,,cp_/,m comm&s4 ,b once y d1 y're j ab\t home free4 ,take ! ,,pip comm&1 :i*1 among o!r ?+s1 lets y transf] files f "o disk to ano!r on a ma*9e by itself4 ,to swit* a file nam$ ,,te/ f drive ,a to drive ,b1 y'd load a ,,pip program into y\r comput]s tempor>y memory4 ,!n y might type ,b3,a3,,te/4 ,via ,! ,,web1 ?\gh1 h[ d y try to rea* someone else's drive8 ,well1 y c\ld issue a simil> comm&4 ,only1 in/ead ( say+ y want$ to rea* drive ,b1 y might ask = drive ,h--:i* is h[ ! o!r p]son's drive might be electronically kn[n ar\nd ! (fice4 ,t's ) ,! ,,web set up ! simple/ way4 ,ev5 ) ,! ,,web 9 a m complex =m1 h[ev]1 ! proc$ure w\ldn't be mu* h>d]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,! ,,web isn't ! sy/em = y if y're hop+ j to press "o or two buttons to s5d in=mation on its way4 ,:at ,special ,features ,d ,y ,ne$8 ,ask1 ask1 ask ! sales reps ab\t :at's available4 ,rememb]1 "s networks won't let y %>e pr9t]s or modems or ev5 s5d files to ano!r comput]4 ,also1 w pr9t+ take long] to set up remotely ?an ) all ! equipm5t by y\r side8 ,h[ easy is x8 ,also1 does ! network h queu+8 ,if us] ,a & us] ,b bo? s5d out files to be pr9t$ on ! same ma*9e1 w a disk hold us] ,b's file until ,a is done8 ,if !re's queu+1 h y giv5 up some?+ 9 return8 ,f9d out1 too1 if ! network is int]rupt driv58 ,let's say someone's gett+ in=mation (f "o ( y\r comput]'s disks :ile y're typ+4 ,:]e %\ld y\r comput] conc5trate its process+ p[]8 ,on ! network8 ,or on y\r scre5 & keybo>d8 ,bett] make x ! scre5 & keybo>d1 s9ce y want y\r ma*9e to record all ! key/rokes y're putt+ 94 ,& on an int]rupt-driv5 sy/em1 ?is c happ54 ,s !re's less *ance ( 8,n[ is ! "t = all good m5 to 4440 com+ out z 8,nwi !tme fr all good mn44440 ,is error *eck+ 9 use8 ,w ! comput]s ask if ! o!rs receiv$ ! signal okay8 ,w !y />t aga9 if !y didn't8 ,also1 :at ab\t ma*9e ,a us+ its s(tw>e to "w ) ! cont5ts ( ma*9e ,b's disks8 ,& c y use y\r pet ^w-process+ s(tw>e to pr9t an electronic file on someone else's pr9t] )\t gett+ 9 ! way ( ! program he's runn+ at ! "t8 ,:at ab\t electronic mail & equival5ts ( ,! ,,web's 8fla%0 comm&8 ,c y easily op5 y\r electronic mailbox to see :at messages are await+ y8 ,w y\r comput] ev5 tell y on scre5 :5 y h a 8lett]08 ,w x beep at y8 ,if !re's a fla%-/yle arrangem5t = %ort messages to appe> on scre51 c y turn x (f8 ,n t ,e-,mail & 8fla%0 are pure delights4 ,y may n be at ! scre5 to receive y\r electronic message2 ) a phone message or an int]com1 on ! o!r h&1 ! o!r p]son w\ld "k imm$iately t y w]5't4 ,!n aga91 ) ,e-,mail or a fla%-type arrangem5t1 y c help s(t5 ! effects ( telephone tag4#gh ,footnote #gh3 ,telephone tag occurs :5 p]son ,a returns ,b's call1 b n[ ,b isn't available4 ,) an ,e-,mail arrangem5t1 ,a & ,b c\ld ex*ange messages )\t ! o!r be+ available at ! same "t4 ,also1 h[ ab\t file lock+1 :i* keeps us] ,a out ( a file t us] ,b is work+ on8 ,t's probably a 8mu/40 ,y c't h someone *ang+ numb]s at ! same "t y are & see ! results add up wrong = bo? ( y4 ,ano!r "q arises4 ,d y want p f field (fices to be able to dial 9 via modems8 ,?is dial-up exp]i5ce--along ) ! g5]al-network k9d--might help y ev5tually make ! transition to telecommut+4 ,obvi\sly1 h[ev]1 modems may mean security problems4 ,local area networks1 ( c\rse1 j l multius] sy/ems1 h security risks ev5 )\t modems4 ,y'll p]haps want to set up ! network ) passwords & us]-privilege levels s t only y c get into e nook & cranny ( ! sy/em--& no "o c read e electronic file4 ,x's a "q ( managem5t /yle4 ,9 fact1 9 respect+ p's privacy1 y might ev5 arrange = only !m to be able to read "s in=mation /or$ on _! h>d disks4 ,at any rate1 d inve/igate ! security capability ( a sy/em v c>efully be=e buy+4 ,don't let a network's te*nical fail+s complicate (fice politics4 ,ne$less to say1 too1 make sure t no "o c f9d 8 way to ! payroll data base to give himself an un(ficial raise4 ,:at ,k9d ( ,protocol ,does ! ,network ,use8 8,protocol0 is j a set ( rules tell+ h[ comput]like gizmos speak to ea* o!r4 ,by ! way1 networks c %>e a protocol b /ill n be on speak+ t]ms4 ,! ,,web uses ,e!rnet's basic protocol b c't hook up to x1 s9ce ,e!rnet transmits in=mation fa/] across ! network4 ,wait4 ,!re's "o o!r complication4 ,diff]5t ,e!rnet-/yle sy/ems--f diff]5t manufactur]s--speak diff]5t dialects4 8,assume no?+10 says ,bigel[ on ! issue ( :e!r diff]5t networks or ma*9es w "w ) ea* o!r4 8,no?+'s obvi\s40 ,be=e buy+1 insi/ if possible t ! sales rep set up 8 h>dw>e & %[ y ! 8compatibility0 he's be5 claim+4 ,h[ ,easy ,is ! ,network to ,in/all8 ,a ,,web-type network might be a nightm>e = ! lazy & sloppy4 ,x requires hook+ pr9t$ circuit bo>ds up to ! "r leads ( *ips 9 ! ,kaypro4 ,& y mu/ also sold] ! telephone-/yle sockets into :i* y\r comput]'s network cord plugs4#gi ,footnote #gi3 ,bigel[ plans a m rugg$ v]sion ( ,! ,,web transmission l9e 9 ! future to make in/allation less tricky4 ,b a good data-process+ dep>tm5t %\ldn't h any problems1 accord+ to ,! ,,web's mak]s4 ,:at ab\t small bus9esses )\t data-process+ p8 ,!y might buy bo? _! comput]s & ! network f a sy/ems h\se if possible--a company t w d m ?an ! av]age comput] /ore 9 gett+ v>i\s ma*9es to "w well toge!r4 ,b y've already b\ght y\r comput]8 ,& a good comput] /ore or sy/ems h\se isn't ne>by8 ,& ! network mak] c't v\* = any te*nicians ne> y8 ,!n y might avoid ! networks t ne$ sold]+ & o!r grubby "w4 ,ev5 if a well-reg>d$ /ore or sy/ems h\se does sell y ! network1 see if ! te*nicians w get x runn+ be=e !y set x up at y\r bus9ess & y (ficially take deliv]y4 ,bett] /ill1 see if !y'll d t be=e y (ficially accept deliv]y4 ,h[ ,mu* ,support ,w ! ,manufactur] ,give ,y8 ,(t51 if s(tw>e comes ) a comput]1 ! s(tw>e h\se w buck y back to ! comput] manufactur] if y h a "q or problem4 ,& t may or may n be true ) network sy/ems4 ,if ! network is built into ! comput]1 y might want to see if y c also get direct support f ! company responsible = ! network+ sy/em4 ,x works ! o!r way1 too4 ,if y buy a network f an indep5d5t manufactur]1 is ! firm famili> en\gh ) y\r comput] to make sure ! sy/em works well ) x8 ,"k exactly :o w d ! s]vic+ & consid] a s]vice contract1 :i* usually co/s #a-b p]c5t ( ! h>dw>e co/s p] mon?4 ,9 %opp+ ar\nd1 y %\ldn't worry ab\t j>gon s mu* z y d ab\t ! p]=mance ( ! network z y p]ceive x4 ,bel[1 h[ev]1 are "s necess>y t]ms to ma/]4 ,we'll beg9 ) ?ree k9ds ( topology--! ^w = ! way a network is laid out3 ,a ,bus ,a cable hooks up a bus network's comput]s 9 p>allel 9 ! mann] ( lights on "s ,*ri/mas trees4 ,a bus network may (f] advantages 9 (fice lay\ts4 ,y don't h to clutt] ?+s up ) a :ole s]ies ( wires runn+ back to fancy equipm5t 9 a c5tral location4 ,y j lay "o ma9 wire ) sockets t ! individual micros plug into4 ,o!r equipm5t ne$s may be simple4 ,! ,,web1 a bus network1 requires pr9t$ circuit bo>ds = all comput]s1 in/all$ 9 ! ma*9es !mselves4 ,t's ab\t x o!r ?an ! s(tw>e & ! wire4 ,fanci] sy/ems us+ a bus--l mo/ v]sions ( ,e!rnet & ,corvus ,sy/ems' popul> micro network call$ ,omn9et--ne$ a file s]v]4 ,a file s]v] c be a comput] m9us ! keybo>d & scre5 b ) extra communications ports to help signals get 9 & out 9 a hurry4 ,x's connect$ to ! h>d disk1 :i* /ores & relays ! electronic files t p s5d x4 ,9 "s networks a file s]v] c also be a regul> comput] simply assign$ to ! job4 ,) a s]v] arrangem5t y're always %>+ files ) ! s]v] r ?an directly ) o!r memb]s ( ! network4 ,! h>d disk is betwe5 y & ! ma*9e y're try+ to rea*4 ,by ! way1 if ev]yone mu/ use s(tw>e f ! s]v]1 t means a v1 v busy h>d disk--& pot5tially sl[] runn+ programs4 ,a ,/> ,9 /> topology1 ! individual comput]s are at ! po9ts ( a />like lay\t ( cables radiat+ f a file s]v]4 ,if ! s]v] conks out1 ev]yone 9 ! network is out ( luck4 ,b !n t c\ld also happ5 9 r>e cases if a pr9t$ circuit bo>d 9 a bus network became mis*iev\s 9 ! wor/ way4 ,normally1 comput]s on a /> network c't be m ?an p]haps #bjj feet ap>t1 & p]haps mu* less4 ,corvus's ,con/ellation network uses ! />4 ,mo/ multius] sy/ems--:i* ,i won't call true networks--use ! /> arrangem5t to hook up ! dumb t]m9als to _! c5tral bra94 ,a ,r+ ,messages zip along a circle 9 "o direction until !y rea* ! "r comput]4 ,if ! r+'s brok51 ! network cra%es4 ,also1 di/ance may be limit$ to less ?an a few hundr$ feet )\t co/ly repeat]s4 ,) ! "r equipm5t & en\gh money1 h[ev]1 y c g mu* f>!r4 ,"o beauty ( a r+ arrangem5t is t 9 small networks ! spe$s c be v fa/4 ,l>g] networks sl[ x d[n4 ,a r+ network (t5 uses tok5 pass+4 ,?9k ( ! *ildr5's game :]e1 :5 y're caught ) a ball or o!r object1 y're 8x40 ,! kids try n to be4#hj ,footnote #hj3 ,?anks to ,ed ,bigel[ = ! *ildr5's game metaphor = ! r+ network4 ,! kids try n to be4 ,9 tok5 pass+1 ?\gh1 ! comput]s don't m9d be+ 8x0 at all4 ,gett+ ! 8ball0 means !y h ! okay to s5d to ano!r ma*9e ?r\gh ! r+4 ,if y z a comput] get ! ball1 y get ! privilege ( replac+ x ) ! message y want to s5d4 ,y 8hold0 ! ball until ! message y've s5t comes back to y ?r\gh ! r+4 ,!n y s5d ! ball on its way to ! next comput]4 ,! :ole process1 ( c\rse1 is almo/ in/antane\s4 ,"s p say x may be easi] to design s(tw>e = a r+1 s9ce ! tok5 pass+ means !re's no *ance ( signals collid+4 ,radio ,%ack's ,arcnet uses tok5 pass+4 ,y also may end up grappl+ ) diff]5t wir+ /yles4 ,telephone ,/yle ,,web-/yle networks mo/ly use a cable some:at l ! k9d betwe5 ! outside ( y\r h\se & y\r phone jack4 ,?is cable has f\r conductors--individual wires )9 x4 ,commonly1 two 8hot0 conductors c>ry comput] signals4 ,betwe5 !m1 (t51 are two gr\nd wires atta*$ to ! comput]s4 ,y ne$ good1 solid gr\nd connections = ! networks to "w "r4 ,twi/$ ,pair ,a twi/$-pair network is :at x s\nds l--"o normally us+ a pair ( wires t twi/ ar\nd ea* o!r to =m a long spiral4 ,! twi/+ makes ! cable less s5sitive to electrical int]f]5ce f radio transmitt]s1 air condition]s1 or o!r appliances4 ,%ield$ ,wire ,y c\ld also gu>d ! twi/$ wires f electrical int]f]5ce by enclos+ x 9 wov5 copp] or metal %ield+4 ,coaxial cable is a common =m ( %ield$ wire4 ,x's co/ly--x may sell = m ?an #a a foot4 ,coaxial cable c\ld be f\r times or m ! co/ ( a twi/$ pair4 ,x consi/s ( "o or m ?9 wires buri$ 9 pla/ic-type insulation "u ! %ield+4 8,coax10 z ! pros say = %ort1 is ! k9d t's normally black outside & looks l a ?9 snake t /ret*es on =ev]4 7,! pronunciation is 8co-ax407 ,n t ! color's important4 8,we use p[d] blue10 says a man ) "o network company4 ,e!rnet & ,wangnet bo? use coax2 s d cable-,,tv in/allations4 ,9 fact1 "s cable companies h transmitt$ comput] signals4 ,a ,,tv cable doesn't c>e if y use x = c>ry+ a gang/] movie or a bank payroll4 ,b j because ,e!rnet uses coax doesn't mean x's normally good en\gh to c>ry mo/ ,,tv-l signals4 ,x is j baseb& 9 capacity4 ,y'd normally use ,e!rnet simply = comput]like messages or maybe "s telephone2 x's l a s+le1 high-spe$ highway4 ,wangnet1 h[ev]1 is broadb& & c c>ry ,,tv4 ,x resembles a :ole transportation network--a highway1 air corridors1 & a riv]4 ,y h _m well-sep>at$ *annels4 ,9 fact1 ,wangnet is pip+ along signals at radio & ,,tv frequ5cies4 ,& ! "r gadgetry c sep>ate !m j z easily z a good television does4 ,y c g = miles ) ,wangnet--mu* f>!r ?an ) ,e!rnet1 :i* may ne$ signal boo/]s aft] sev]al ?\s& feet4 ,p at ,wang1 ,x]ox1 & ! o!rs c get trucul5t & maybe ev5 p>anoid ab\t _! pet networks v]sus _! rivals'4 8,!re is no light at ! end ( ! tunnel yet10 said a fri5d ( m9e :o's a sy/ems analy/4 8,ev]yone is look+ ov] ev]yone else's %\ld] to see :at !y're do+40 ,& x isn't j ! comput] indu/ry4 ,! ,,pbx#ha mak]s1 ! swit*bo>d manufactur]s1 want _! %>es ( ! action1 too4 ,?is works ! o!r way1 too4 ,,ibm 9 #aihd said x w\ld make ,rolm--a major ,,pbx mak]--"p ( ! ,big ,blue empire4 ,footnote #ha3 ,,pbx /&s = private bran* ex*ange4 ,room exi/s1 ( c\rse1 = _m /yles ( networks--ev5 9 ! same companies 9 "s cases4 ,bigel[ aptly lik5s networks to ^w processors4 ,we don't all use ,word,star2 :y %\ld we all be on ,e!rnet8 ,) ! "r h>dw>e1 9 fact1 a twi/$ pair or maybe ev5 a bus network might m]ge ) ! baseb& & broadb& ones4 ,network$ second- or ev5 ?ird- or f\r?-h& micros might speak to ma9frames4 ,! /ate ( ,we/ ,virg9ia 9 #aihd plann$ to buy hundr$s ( ,,ibm comput]s4 ,_m report$ly w\ld be on ,omn9ets4 ,z ( mid-#aihd an ,omn9et c\ld h only sixty-?ree micros on x--b :y n l9k _m ,omn9ets to big-"t networks8 ,a man at ,corvus assur$ me t's exactly :at 8 company 0 work+ on = cu/om]s l ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,,at,t may h _h ! "r idea4 ,x plann$ a network to "w ) ,e!rnet & ,corvus1 plus ! ,,rs-#bcb-/yle arrangem5t t y already use to hook up comput]s ) pr9t]s & modems4 ,t c\ld be j ! solution = "s l>ge companies t feel !y're j innoc5t civilians 9 ! network w>s4 ,mean:ile1 if y're ) a small company l ,c>sonville ,metal ,products1 home 9 on y\r imm$iate ne$s4 ,aga91 don't worry ab\t high-p[]$ networks design$ = ! ,=tune #ejj cr[d4 ,maybe all comput]s som$ay w "w ) ,e!rnet1 say1 & p]haps x'll be j z *eap = y z a ,,web-/yle net1 b x isn't n[4 ,mean:ile1 if an ,e!rnet-equipp$ firm wants to talk to y\r comput]s today1 !re's already a network 9 place ) fairly common te*nical /&>ds3 ! telephone sy/em4 ,ev]y?+ /ill s\nd sc>y8 ,well1 j =get ! j>gon & simply p9 d[n ! sales reps to make sure t ! network w d :at y want4 ,hire a consultant if ne$ be4 ,& foll[ ! normal rule ( comput] %opp+ & *eck ) exi/+ cu/om]s to see if !y're happy4 ,wise network %opp+1 z indicat$ e>li]1 c pay (f4 ,9 mid-#aihd1 ,madd51 tak+ advantage ( ,! ,,web1 0 putt+ ! f9i%+ t\*es on "s s(tw>e modifications4 ,) !m1 :5ev] ,c>sonville made new sales or b\ght new supplies1 he c\ld in/antly see ! results on ! companies' g5]al l$g]2 & j z important1 he & 8 colleagues c\ld easily keep up ) ! co/s ( _! exi/+ contracts4 ,!y c\ld compile a hi/orical record1 too1 a big help 9 plann+ new bids4 ,n[ t ,c>sonville's comput]s 7 talk+1 ! humans might be talk+ m--ab\t ! new bus9ess t ! sociable ma*9es c\ld help br+ _! way4 #ad ,z ,! ,jungle ,?ick5s 7,,aka ! ,great ,modem+7 ,?is 0 to be my future *apt]1 ! "o ab\t microcomput]s 9 ! ye> #bjja4 ,i at fir/ want$ x %ort4 ,s (t5 ! micro future prematurely becomes ! micro pa/2 & :y devote too mu* space to mak+ a fool ( myself8 ,& :y n spread ! risks8 ,ar?ur ,c4 ,cl>ke seem$ a bett] prophet4#hb ,footnote #hb3 ,= "s ( ,cl>ke's own writ+ on ! future1 read]s might turn to #aihd3 ,spr+--,a ,*oice ( ,futures1 publi%$ by ,ballant9e ,books1 ,new ,york1 #aihd4 ,sev]al mon?s e>li]1 9 fact1 he'd agre$ to an int]view via modems & ! satellite l9ks betwe5 ,colombo1 ,sri ,lanka1 & ,alex&ria1 ,virg9ia4 ,s n[ ,i'd %[ t my little ,kaypro1 ) a free s(tw>e program & a #aej modem1 c\ld talk almo/ in/antly to a /rang]'s comput] on ! o!r side ( ! planet = p]haps a fraction ( ! co/ ( a telex4 ,x seem$ fitt+4 ,cl>ke1 aft] all1 _h writt5 #bjaj ) ,word,star & decades ago _h practically inv5t$ ! idea ( communications satellites4 ,& if ,i fail$ to cat* up ) ,cl>ke by comput]8 ,well1 ,i suppos$ x w\ld be l a tra9 j\rney to ,out] ,mongolia2 ,i at lea/ c\ld write ( ! exp]i5ce ( try+ to get !re & ( ! p ,i met along ! way4 ,i'd cop out 9 "o m respect4 ,r ?an ask ,cl>ke ! usual report]i% que/ions1 ,i w\ld turn ! job ov] to o!rs4 ,! fir/ 0 ,eric ,mey]1 twelve ye>s old1 :o 0 le>n+ assembly language1 a feat at any age1 & :o plann$ to />t a s(tw>e company call$ ,new ,te*nologies4#hc ,! second 0 a ,=tune #ejj man nam$ ,j]ry ter,horst1 head ( ,=d ,motor's public affairs (fice 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 & =m] press secret>y to ,g]ald ,=d4 ,! ?ird 0 ,m>g>et ,phanes1 assi/ant to ,david ,kay1 vice-presid5t ( ! company t _h made my comput]2 ! f\r?1 ,seym\r ,rub9/e91 a sci5ce-fiction fan & ! develop] ( ,word,star4 ,! fif? 0 ,rob ,b>naby1 ! ,word,star writ]4 ,! six? 0 ,james ,watt1 co-own] ( ! ,haunt$ ,book ,%op 9 ,annapolis1 ,m>yl&1 & a desc5dant ( ! eighte5?-c5tury ,scotti% inv5tor4 ,! sev5?1 ,lynn ,wilson1 a =m] railroad telegraph]1 _h taught me "s amateur radio !ory :5 ,i 0 twelve4 ,footnote #hc3 ,eric lat] decid$ to *ange ! "n ( 8 company to ,e,m,co4 ,comput] ,consult+4 ,eric himself _h j pass$ 8 novice exam9ation = an amateur lic5se1 & ov] ! phone1 ) a pu% button1 ,i tapp$ out my idea 9 int]national ,morse code4 8,h[10 ,i inquir$1 8w\ld y l to ask ,ar?ur ,cl>ke "s que/ions80 8,:o's ,ar?ur ,cl>ke80 ,eric repli$ by voice4 ,x 0 a p>donable response4 ,cl>ke's #bjja--! book & movie = :i* he's mo/ fam\s--_h come out sev]al ye>s be=e ,eric's bir?4 ,& yet z mu* z any?+1 ,eric's reply %[$ :]e we 7 head$ 9 ?is age ( specialization4 ,he might som$ay be programm+ ! future equival5ts ( ,,hal1 develop+ new =ms ( artificial intellig5ce1 & yet he app>5tly _h n he>d ( ,,hal's creator4 ,i told ,eric :o ,cl>ke 04 8,no1 ?anks10 ,eric tapp$4 8,b he's ! mo/ fam\s sci5ce-fiction writ] 9 ! _w10 ,i said1 & expla9$ ! k9d ( issues t he might ask ab\t4 ,eric1 h[ev]1 /ill wasn't completely impress$4 8,does he und]/& te*nical ?+s80 ,i assur$ ,eric t ,ar?ur ,cl>ke 0 te*nical en\gh to be wor? 8 "t4 8,we're go+ to d ?is by comput]s ov] ! phone l9es10 ,i said4 8,9 fact1 ,i'd l y to s5d y\r que/ions to me by comput]4 ,!n ,i'll /ore !m inside m9e4 ,& !n ,i'll %oot !m by comput] to ,ar?ur ,cl>ke !re 9 ,sri ,lanka4 ,y'll be communicat+ ma*9e to ma*9e1 sort (40 8,:]e's ,sri ,lanka80 8,x's an isl& 9 ! ,indian ,ocean40 8,w\ld y use my communications program80 ,eric ask$4 ,eric wasn't talk+ ab\t s(tw>e he'd b\ght4 ,x 0 :at he _h writt54 8,no10 ,i said4 8,i'm go+ to use ,,modem#g1 because ,i'm famili> ) x40 8,c\ldn't y say y us$ a communications program writt5 by ,eric ,mey]1 age twelve80 he ask$4 ,x wasn't ! wor/ twi/ 9 ! _w--good = ! book1 good = ,eric1 :o1 z a report]'s son1 %[$ a precoci\s public relations s5se4 8,i won't use x to rea* ,cl>ke10 ,i said1 8b y c use x to s5d y\r file to me40 8,all "r40 8,read #bjja10 ,i said4 ,eric readily agre$4 8,i rememb] ! title10 he said lat]1 8b ,i 0 out :5 "o ( ! kids 9 my class gave a report on x40 8,i'll want y\r reaction40 8,okay40 ,we also att5d$ to ano!r matt]4 ,eric didn't own an amateur radio rig yet1 & ,i (f]$ to l5d him my ,hea?kit1 a little five-watt transmitt]-receiv] /a%$ away 9 ! closet ( my effici5cy ap>tm5t4 8,is x digital80 ,eric ask$4 ,did x h1 9 o!r words1 a 8non-dial0 l ^? newfangl$ wat*es8 8,no40 8,i 0 hop+ x 040 8,x's transi/oriz$40 ,t 0 good en\gh = me4 ,:o ne$$ a radio )\t a dial8 ,eric took me up on my (f]1 :i* includ$ ! gift ( "s old *assis & capacitors & o!r p>ts1 =gott5 until n[ 9 ! crawl space ( my p>5ts' home4 ,& ,i 0 pleas$ t ,eric accept$1 = ,i lik$ ! symmetry ( x all4 ,two decades e>li] ,lynn ,wilson _h giv5 me "s ( ! v equipm5t ,i'd be pass+ on to ,eric4 ,& s ,i visit$ my p>5ts' basem5t t week5d & re5t]$ ! pa/1 n only my own b also t ( electronics1 includ+ comput]s 9 a s5se2 = p]haps ?is is h[ ! micro age _h truly begun--hobbyi/s swapp+ p>ts back & =? until someone accumulat$ en\gh to build a sy/em t actually work$4#hd ,footnote #hd3 ,! actual beg9n+s ( ! micro age1 less romantically1 g back to ! inv5tion ( ! microprocessor--a c5tral process+ unit on "o *ip--9 #aigj4 ,x happ5$ at ,intel1 an electronics company 9 ,santa ,cl>a1 ,cali=nia1 & 0 ! idea ( a "y ,/an=d ,univ]sity grad nam$ ,t$ ,h(f4 ,lynn ,wilson 0 all ov] ! crawl space4 ,i pick$ up a #fadf transmitt] tube on :i* he _h playfully magic m>k]$1 8,= ,david1 ,k#d;,,dig1 ,,dx ,k+40 ,,dx 0 ! amateur radio j>gon = long-di/ance communications4 ,i l+]$ 9 t basem5t1 ?9k+ t someh[1 exam9+ ! pa/1 ,i might bett] und]/& ! future4 ,!re 7 no new clues1 h[ev]1 no?+ b bulky trans=m]s & spaghettilike wires & resi/ors & capacitors & ! o!r odds & ends ( my y\?4 ,b :at a record my junk pile 0 ( ! ,am]ican electronics indu/ry4 ,half gutt$1 ne> ! #fadf1 repos$ a silv]y ,,arc-#e1 a w>-surplus receiv]4 ,_h x fl[n8 ,,arc-#es 7 :at ,am]ican bomb]s c>ri$ dur+ ! ,second ,_w ,w>4 ,_h a ,b-#ag crew kept 9 t\* ) ,engl& ) my ,,arc-#e :ile pummel+ ! ,?ird ,rei*8 ,_h my receiv] se5 action ov] ,tokyo8 ,scrapp+ x1 _h ,i inadv]t5tly defil$ ,hi/ory8 ,ne> ! ,,arc-#e ,i saw a giant cond5s] = a transmitt]4 ,) r[ aft] r[ ( plates on a metal %aft1 x look$ l an electronic potato slic]4 ,i ?\ght ( f+]nail-siz$ *ips 9 comput]s today2 ! big potato slic] might z well be an artifact f ano!r species4 ,!re 9 ! crawl space ! #aiejs %[$ up 9 little vacuum tubes ! size ( pill bottles4 ,!y 7 a rem9d] ( ! %ort-sight$ness ( ! ,u4,s4 electronics executives :o _h /ay$ ye>s too long ) vacuum-tube te*nology4 ,j :at did ?is mean to ,am]ican comput] mak]s fac+ simil> *all5ges8 ,!re 0 an object lesson "h4 ,_m portable comput]s f ,u4,s4 companies _h flat scre5s1 = example1 b mo/ ( ! display designs came f ! laboratories ( ,japan4 ,al?\gh ,,ibm w\ld prosp]--ev5 if half ( ! inn>ds ( its ,p,cs came f ! ,ori5t--_m ( ! small] ,am]ican manufactur]s might die4 ,& ev5 ! l>g] dome/ic companies c\ld suff] 9 ! price ranges :]e comput]s 7 m]e commodities2 ) flat displays & bett] memory *ips1 ,nippon might aga9 make u relive ! transi/or fiasco4 ,i grop$1 pok$1 & w&]$ "s m4 ,& !re 9 a dim corn] ,i f\nd ! #aifjs1 too--9 ! =m ( a ,nuvi/or1 ano!r pygmy vacuum tube1 ano!r ref9em5t ( ! obsolete4 ,by ! #aigjs ,hea?kit 0 f9ally (f]+ transi/oriz$ ham transmitt]s l ! "o ,i'd l5d ,eric4 ,hea? /ill sold q a few updat$ v]sions ( ! little ,,hw-#g4 ,b n[ ! amateur radio magaz9es seem$ half fill$ by ads = solid-/ate equipm5t f ,japan4 ,h[ long until comput] magaz9es look$ ! same8 ,i w5t up/airs4 ,my p>5ts1 :o = ye>s _h be5 pati5tly await+ ! removal ( ! clutt] f ! crawl space1 _h second ?\ghts4 ,:at if ,i injur$ my back dragg+ ! equipm5t to my c>8 ,:y c\ldn't ,eric & 8 fa!r come = ! tubes & *assis8 ,a passage f a novel--! "n escap$ me--came to m9d4 ,x 0 almo/ z if1 by remov+ my old *ildhood toys1 ,i 7 ag+ bo? myself & my p>5ts4 ,i left ! equipm5t at ,eric's aft] a meet+ ( ! ,kaypro writ]s gr\p to :i* he & 8 fa!r belong$4 ,!y liv$ 9 a :ite h\se 9 a gre5y neighborhood high above mo/ ( ,wa%+ton3 a good location = an ant5na1 a great 8,,q?10 z ,lynn ,wilson w\ld h put x 9 ham talk4 ,! ,mey]s _h fill$ ! h\se ) ! p>aph]nalia ( _! obsessions4 ,d[n/airs ,rima ,mey] 0 at h] sp9n+ :eel2 a huge loom dom9at$ :at normally w\ld h be5 ! d9+ room2 & up/airs 0 ! book-pack$ d5 :]e ,g5e1 a ,wa%+ton ,po/ /aff]1 _h be5 work+ on a long hi/ory ( ,m>yl&4#he ,no "o spoke ( ! odd juxtaposition--a ,kaypro us$ to write ( hog%eads & sail+ %ips4 ,footnote #he3 ,g5e's book %\ld appe> "u ! title ,m>yl& ,lo/ & ,f\nd3 ,p & ,places f ,*esapeake to ,appala*ia4 ,! publi%] is ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity ,press4 ,eric1 a small1 curly-hair$ boy1 help$ lug ! radio ge> into 8 b$room ne>by4 ,!n we sold]$ up ! ,hea?kit's connectors & began he>+ int]national ,morse code & ,spani% babble on ! #ae-met] b&4 ,he 0 amaz$4 ,i c\ld make s5se ( ! dots & da%es at tw5ty words p] m9ute2 he c\ld copy at only a qu>t] ( t spe$4 8,hey1 don't worry4 ,y'll le>n x mu* fa/] ?an ,i did10 ,i said4 8,y le>n$ ,,basic4 ,i hav5't ! m9d = x4 ,anyone :o c program w be a :iz at code40 ,& h[ mu* m useful comput] skills w\ld be4 ,take communications2 #bj words p] m9ute 0 "o-?irtie? ! spe$ ( my dot-matrix pr9t]4 ,& yet ,i 0 dismay$ to he> ,eric speak+ s en?usia/ically ( ! day :5 he c\ld transmit 9 voice4 ,to ,lynn ,wilson & me1 ham radio didn't exi/ )\t code4 ,we 7 l ! old man at my newspap] back 9 ,ohio :o c\ldn't /& a city room b]eft ( typewrit]s4 ,comput]s1 9 fact1 _h ev5 violat$ ! sanctity ( code4 ,a micro's video display c\ld fla% out ! lett]s summ+ up ! holy dots & da%es--! ones ,i'd s pa9fully le>n$ 9 my y\?4 ,i felt l a sailboat] tipp$ ov] by ! wake ( a motoriz$ ya*t4 ,i snapp$ (f ! ,hea?kit4 ,eric & ,i w5t d[n/airs :]e ,rima1 a t9y woman nam$ aft] ! bird-girl 9 ,gre5 ,mansions1 0 /ill at h] sp9n+ :eel4 ,%e dreamily look$ up at u & proclaim$ h]self an ana*ronism4 ,*ildr5 l ,eric1 %e said1 w\ld be diff]5t f ^? be=e !m--w\ld ?9k m ab/ractly 9 ?is video-game era4 ,%e wrote poetry2 %e he>d voices2 w\ld ! comput] *ildr5 d ! same8 ,i ?\ght ( ,rob ,b>naby1 ! ,word,star writ]1 :o _h said he he>d 8a voice f ! back ( my head02 x wasn't ! same back-(-!-head voice z a poet's1 b x 0 !re1 anyh[4 ,som$ay ,eric might be ano!r ,b>naby4 ,lat] t ev5+ ,i demon/rat$ ,word,star = ! ,mey]s4 ,fa!r & son agre$3 ,word,star mov$ words ar\nd fa/] ?an did ,select1 ! ^w processor ) :i* our ,kaypros _h orig9ally come4 ,i turn$ to ,rima4 8,comput]s are suppos$ to be v good = poets10 ,i said4 8,y c consid] ! possibilities4 ,y c le>n :at words look l be=e y commit y\rself to pap]40 ,rima li/5$ politely1 b ,i ?\ght ,i might z well be %[+ (f an electric guit> to a m&ol9 play]4 ,g5e & ,i discuss$ ! ,ar?ur ,cl>ke connection4 ,x 0 iffy4 ,! telephone l9es might n "w2 ,cl>ke might be away on a bus9ess trip4 ,g5e w\ldn't gho/write ,eric's que/ions = ,cl>ke1 b he did h "o he hop$ w\ld make ! li/4 8,at ! writ]'s gr\p10 ,g5e said1 8?is bus9essman 0 tell+ me h[ he fir$ 8 secret>y :5 he got 8 comput]40 ,h[ did ,cl>ke feel ab\t su* situations8 ,x 0 a common b acceptable "q1 ,i felt--"o j z reasonable z any t sci5ce-fiction writ]s & philosoph]s might raise ab\t ! orig9 ( ! univ]se4 ,two weeks lat] ,i rang ,cl>ke1 ar\nd elev5 9 ! morn+1 ,virg9ia "t4 ,a little sleepily1 he answ]$4 ,he 0 tir$ aft] a trip promot+ ! #bjaj novel 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & "r n[ he c\ld n recall me4 8,rememb]10 ,i said1 8we talk$ sev]al mon?s ago1 & y said we c\ld get toge!r on ! modem40 ,cl>ke _h phon$ late "o ev5+ aft] ,i'd writt5 him que/ions ab\t ,word,star1 & 9 a s5se we 7 n[ ev52 = my m9d _h drawn an absolute blank :5 ?is /rang] _h begun 9 a ,briti% acc5t1 8,david1 y'll nev] guess :o ?is is40 ,well1 ,i ask$ n[1 c\ld we /ill get toge!r on ! modem8 ,we'd run a te/ to be ready = ! que/ions f ,eric & o!rs a few days lat]4 8,call my comput] /ore10 ,cl>ke said4 ,he 0 us+ ,,b/am1 alas1 a communications program t didn't "w ) my ,,modem#g s(tw>e4 ,imag9e my disappo9tm5t4 ,i'd be5 hop+ = quick comput]-to-comput] contact1 ov] #h1ijj miles1 ) ! inv5tor ( ! communications satellite2 & n[ a mundane problem confront$ u--a simple lack ( s(tw>e compatibility4 ,,b/am 9 "s ways 0 a ,rolls ( a communications program1 excell5t = transmitt+ l>ge blocks ( data ov] long di/ances4 ,9 fact1 ,cl>ke _h us$ x to s5d 8 ,new ,york publi%] "s *anges 9 #bjaj4 ,& yet1 = communicat+ ) me1 8 ,,b/am disk 0 no?+ b a wor?less piece ( pla/ic1 because x snubb$ ,,modem#g-/yle programs--p]haps ! mo/ common among micro us]s4 ,x 0 z if ,cl>ke 7 a lonely billionaire 9 a *auffeur$ ,rolls4 ,8 ride might be velvety1 b he w\ld nev] meet ! common]s 9 ! ,*evy 9 ! next lane4 ,aft] call+ ar\nd ! c\ntry1 ,i f9ally locat$ a review copy ( ,,b/am4 ,eric help$ me te/ x out ov] ! phone4 8,may ,i come ov] & wat* y talk to ,cl>ke80 he ask$4 ,i hesitat$4 ,hadn't ,eric already modem$ 8 que/ions to me8 ,8 be+ 9 my ap>tm5t seem$ r$undant4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 ,i rememb]$ my y\?1 :5 ,lynn ,wilson w\ld invite me to 8 attic = ,,dx sessions4 ,x 0 l angl+4 ,lynn might n snag ^? /ations 9 ,new ,zeal& or ,morocco1 b x 0 /ill ! electronic equival5t ( treat+ a boy to a morn+ ( tr\t fi%+ 9 a m\nta9 /ream4 ,n[ ,ar?ur ,cl>ke w\ld be ! new ,,dx4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,ro?man-,wilson analogy didn't absolutely hold1 = ,eric knew m ab\t comput]s ?an ,i did4 8,sure1 ,eric10 ,i said at la/1 8sure y c come40 ,) ,eric & 8 "m wat*+ a few days lat]1 ,i pun*$ ! 8#j0 & confid5tly said ,i want$ su*-&-su* numb] 9 ,colombo1 ,sri ,lanka4 ,a tape-record$ voice soon came on ) a ,new ,yawki% acc5t1 ann\nc+ t all circuits to ,sri ,lanka 7 busy4 ,well1 :at did ,i expect8 ,sri ,lanka wasn't "o ( ! great c5t]s ( global communications4 ,& yet x /ill seem$ vaguely biz>re4 ,:y %\ldn't ,sri ,lanka enjoy in/ant contact all ! "t ) ! :ole _w8 ,:y n8 ,ar?ur ,cl>ke liv$ !re4 ,p]haps on my t5? try ,i f9ally he>d ! musical tone ( ,cl>ke's numb] r++4 8,eureka60 ,i yell$4 ,once m ,cl>ke himself answ]$4 ,he w>n$ me t he 0 ru%+ ?r\gh a movie project & "s books & 0 mon?s beh9d 9 8 correspond5ce2 ! mo/ ,i c\ld hope = 9 reply to ! que/ions w\ld be a s]ies ( 8,yeses10 8,nos10 & 8,maybes40 ,t irk$ me4 ,= my ent]prise ,i des]v$ a response ahead ( ! o!r lett] writ]s2 9 fact1 y might say ,i wasn't ev5 a lett] writ]--,i 0 a modem]4 ,i glanc$ at ,eric4 ,he c\ld tell ! g5]al direction ( ! conv]sation1 & he look$ j z d[nca/ z ,i mu/ h4 ,eric 0 ev5 hop+--q unreali/ically1 ,i believ$--t ,cl>ke might call him at home4 8,i am />t+ my own comput] s(tw>e company 7,r ,d710 ,eric _h said 9 a preface to 8 que/ions1 8& ,i hope to pr(it 9 ?is v5ture4 ,i am enjoy+ y\r book #bjja & want to get #bjaj4 ,i am also a novice-class #8,ham4' ,if y ev] ne$ any s(tw>e or j want to *at1 my home & "w numb] is4444 ,i also h int]e/s 9 ,,robotics & ,,comput] ,,h>dw>e1 & ,,electronics 7etc4740 ,i'd rem9d$ ,eric t ! te*nology might fail 9 my que/ = answ]s to 8 que/ions2 ,i hadn't be5 s emphatic 9 w>n+ t ,cl>ke himself might fail u4 8,i'm go+ to ne$ to te/ ! modem1 anyway10 ,cl>ke said aft] a pause1 h[ev]4 ,he want$ to ex*ange ideas ) an ,,mgm_/,,ua director = ! movie sequel to #bjja4 ,he gave me ! numb] ( 8 telephone ) a modem hook$ up1 & !n1 sev]al times1 ,i aga9 suff]$ ! vag>ies ( global phone communications be=e a l9e f9ally op5$ up & ,i he>d ! famili> tone ( a modem4 ,i rea*$ = my own modem1 a slim blue box1 & swit*$ ov] f 8,,talk0 to 8,,data40 ,!n ,i hit ! return key on my ,kaypro1 fir+ up ! ,,b/am program4 ,my scre5 fla%$ ^w t ! connection 0 9 progress1 & ,i 0 ab\t to slap ,eric on ! back1 b ,i wait$1 & q rightly1 = z ! seconds wore on1 ! connection 0 /ill progress+4 ,some?+ 0 amiss4 ,by voice ,cl>ke said my transmission hadn't regi/]$ 9 8 comput] memory--n ev5 ! m]e exi/5ce ( my electronic file4 ,i call$ ,mi*ael ,scott1 a te*nician at ,bus9ess ,comput+ ,int]national1 ,cl>ke's ,new ,york comput] /ore4 ,he s5t a ,telex to ,cl>ke4 ,0 ,cl>ke us+ ! normal #cjj-;baud modem spe$ mat*+ m9e8 ,i le>n$ a day or s lat] t he 04 8,well10 ,i ask$ ,mi*ael1 8h[ long has x be5 s9ce ,cl>ke la/ communicat$ ) y ! /ore ?r\gh ! modem80 8,mon?s40 8,okay10 ,i said1 8maybe he ne$s a refre%] on h[ to set up ! modem program40 ,pati5tly1 ,mi*ael ran ?r\gh ! proc$ures4 ,half an h\r lat] ,i aga9 0 brav+ surly op]ators & busy signals to place ano!r call to ,sri ,lanka4 8,:at y want to d10 ,i told ,cl>ke1 8is type ,,rxn ,b3,,odycorr4,,txt1 !n a c>riage return1 !n select ,,answ] :5 y see ! prompt40 ,cl>ke1 h[ev]1 hadn't be5 do+ x t way4 ,we tri$ aga91 & = ! next t5 m9utes my scre5 kept fla%+ doz5s ( confirmations ( ! connection4 ,!n our comput] l9k broke4 ,i call$ ,cl>ke back4 ,surely at lea/ ! />t ( ! electronic file _h %[n up on ! ,b disk1 ! "o on :i* he 0 to /ore my que/ions4 8,no10 he said1 8,i don't see x40 ,cl>ke1 x seems1 _h =gott5 to put a floppy disk 9 8 ,b drive4 ,x 0 a v excusable mi/ake--?is :ole modem+ proc$ure 0 /ill a novelty to him--& we fail$ yet ano!r "t ev5 ) ,scott's in/ructions foll[$ exactly4#hf ,footnote #hf3 ,cl>ke's =gett+ to ins]t ! disk 9 ! ,b drive %\ld und]score a truism3 all comput] us]s c commit idiocies4 ,once ,i own$ a pr9t] t ,i c\ldn't use )\t unplugg+ my modem4 ,?+s work$ ! o!r way ar\nd1 too--z "s p discov]$ :5 !y tri$ to communicate ) me ov] ! phone b c\ldn't because ,i'd =gott5 to yank out ! pr9t] cable & put 9 ! modem's4 ,s a few days lat] ,i settl$ on ano!r tack3 gett+ ,cl>ke a free ,kaypro ,,ii4 ,:y n8 ,kaypro itself _h once sugge/$ t to me4 ,x c\ld d worse ?an to be able to say t ,cl>ke & an ,,mgm_/,,ua director _h us$ ,kaypros to communicate dur+ ! creation ( ! #bjaj film4 ,i1 9 turn1 might rea* ,cl>ke m easily if he 0 tapp+ away on a ma*9e l m9e4 ,besides1 he ev5tually c\ld give 8 ,kaypro to ! new ,ar?ur ,c4 ,cl>ke ,c5tre = ,mod]n ,te*nologies4 ,! c5t] 0 to promote high te* 9 ! ,?ird ,_w1 & ,joseph ,pelton1 :o 0 r\nd+ up ,u4,s4 back]s = ! organization1 lik$ ! ,kaypro idea4 ,s did ,cl>ke4 ,& s did ,pet] ,hyams at ,,mgm_/,,ua4 ,hyams wasn't j a well-kn[n director ) su* cr$its z ,capricorn ,"o & ,! ,/> ,*amb]4 ,he 0 ! k9d ( p]son = :om ,i 0 writ+ ?is book--he _h a problem op5 to possible solution by comput]4 ,! problem 0 ! ne$ to consult closely ) ,cl>ke dur+ ! adaptation ( ! #bjaj novel2 h[ to ov]come ! "t diff]5ce betwe5 ,colombo1 ,sri ,lanka1 & ,culv] ,city1 ,cali=nia8 8,"s ?+s "w brilliantly :5 read b ar5't well suit$ to ! scre510 ,hyams said1 & z a consci5ti\s scriptwrit] he didn't want to make arbitr>y *anges to ,cl>ke's /ory4 8,i 0 int]e/$ 9 f9d+ out :at ! au?or 0 ?9k+ :5 he wrote c]ta9 ?+s4 ,& secondly ,i ?\ght x 0 v1 v important t ,ar?ur ,c4 ,cl>ke be made to feel an important "p ( ! mak+ ( ?is movie40 ,) rapport might come a great] und]/&+ ( ! man & 8 books4 ,he>+ ( ,hyams's proposal to "w toge!r via comput]1 h[ev]1 ,cl>ke 0 skeptical4 ,i c\ld imag9e :y4 ,hyams w\ld ne$ a dep5dable l9k1 n j ! capability to ex*ange occasional messages4 ,x might be #aihc1 satellites might be old hat by n[1 b ! quality ( ! phone transmissions didn't belie ! fact t ,cl>ke 0 on an isl& 9 ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,c\ld comput]s deal reliably ) ! electronic e*oes1 ) ! delays f ! signal travel+ m ?an #de1jjj miles on e>? & 9 space8 ,:at ab\t ,sri ,lanka's primitive phone sy/em8 ,& yet ,cl>ke's location--"s #i1cej miles f ,culv] ,city--also help$ ! /ruggle seem all ! m wor?:ile4 8,because he's twelve or ?irte5 h\rs away 9 "t1 x almo/ makes normal conv]sation impossible10 ,hyams said4 8,someone is always go+ to be speak+ at a v inconv5i5t h\r = !m4 ,& !re are "s times :5 y don't want to talk1 & sometimes :5 y're ask+ somebody = some?+1 y want to ?9k ab\t some?+4 ,x requires m ?an a quick answ]40 ,lett]s1 ?\gh1 j w\ldn't d3 8,i've gott5 mail f him t's almo/ a mon? old40 ,hyams might h us$ telex or a simil> sy/em1 b ! co/s w\ld /ill be great] ?an a direct comput]-to-comput] l9k4 ,ideally1 he c\ld tap out memos on a comput]1 !n :isk !m to ,cl>ke )\t a secret>y tak+ ! "t to type !m into ano!r ma*9e4 ,hyams 0 already com=table ) a ,x]ox #hfj ^w processor4 ,l me1 h[ev]1 he realiz$ t ! l9k _h m *ance ( succe$+ ) ! two ends us+ ! same comput] sy/ems--,kaypros 9 ?is case4 ,two h>dwork+ ,kaypro employees1 ,m>g>et ,phanes & ,clif=d ,od5dhal1 pu%$ ?r\gh ! project at _! company4 ,)9 a week or s a ,kaypro ,,ii 0 on ! way to ,cl>ke1 & ! company in/all$ ano!r 9 ,hyams's (fice2 at long la/1 ! ,great ,modem+ seem$ at h&4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 riot+ broke out 9 ,sri ,lanka3 fight+ betwe5 two e?nic gr\ps1 ! ,s+halese & ! m9ority ,tamils1 :o 7 seek+ a sep>ate /ate4 ,someh[ ,cl>ke's ,kaypro rea*$ ! airport4 ,b he c\ldn't pick x up because ( ! riot+1 dur+ :i* an arsoni/ burn$ d[n ! h\se ( "o ( 8 te*nical assi/ants4 8,!y're sw++ ! jawbone aga910 said an acqua9tance ( m9e1 allud+ to a sc5e 9 #bjja :]e a man-ape kills ano!r ) ! high te* ( 8 era4 ,x 0 n a slur on ,sri ,lanka--j g5]al disgu/ ov] viol5ce ( any k9d4 ,news /ories appe>$1 !n /ories ab\t ! isl& try+ to c5sor report]s s !re w\ldn't be any m /ories4 ,j :5 e circum/ance seem$ to be conspir+ aga9/ me1 ,i enjoy$ a miracul\s fluke4 ,ar?ur ,cl>ke's neighbor ,susan ,hayes1 ! wife ( an ,am]ican (ficial 9 ,colombo1 0 visit+ ,wa%+ton & w\ld return to ,sri ,lanka soon2 & ?r\gh a memb] ( ! ,kaypro writ]s gr\p1 ,m>cia ,tyson1 ,i pass$ on to h] ! writt5 que/ions = ,cl>ke to answ] by phone if ne$ be4 ,i wasn't *eat+4 ,x 0 p]fectly 9 l9e ) bo? ! ,m>co ,polo tradition & ! _s ( ?is book2 don't ev] %y away f pap] backups4 ,i also suppli$ ,cl>ke a disk ( ,,modem#g1 ! public-doma9 program t ,i us$--s t we ne$n't worry ab\t s(tw>e diff]5ces if my program didn't "w ) ! "o t ,kaypro gave him4 ,kaypro1 9 fact1 did provide ,cl>ke ) ,,modem#g-;compatible s(tw>e--a company program--b x w\ldn't run acceptably on ,pet] ,hyams's comput]4 ,s bo? m5 in/ead receiv$ a comm]cial program call$ ,,mite4 ,!re 0 a problem1 ?\gh1 z ,pet] & ,i prep>$ = ! ,great ,modem+--,i c\ldn't be ,ar?ur ,c4 ,cl>ke4 ,my ,,modem#g c\ld talk to ,pet]'s ,,mite1 b x wasn't really ! same4 ,) ,,modem#g y c\ldn't leave y\r comput] unatt5d$ & h a ma*9e ?\s&s ( miles away call y up & *oose f doz5s ( electronic files on y\r disk4 ,) ,,mite y c\ld4#hg ,& ,pet]1 true to ! p]fectionism ( a top director1 want$ 8 rehe>sals to be z reali/ic z possible4 8,i'd l to be ,ar?ur ,cl>ke10 ,i told a k9dly s(tw>e deal]1 :o gave me a review copy4 ,,mite1 h[ev]1 lock$ up on my ma*9e4 ,on ! scre5 x /ubbornly kept say+ ,i 0 receiv+ signals f ano!r comput]--ev5 be=e ,i turn$ on ! modem4 ,footnote #hg3 ,,mite's auto-answ] feature won't "w )\t an appropriate modem4 ,my own modem 0 manually activat$1 mean+ t ,i c\ldn't take advantage ( ?is wr9kle4 ,i c\ld1 h[ev]1 swit* on ! modem :5 ,pet] call$4 ,& = him1 t w\ld reali/ically duplicate ! exp]i5ce ( rea*+ ,cl>ke's comput]4 ,s ,i visit$ a hack] ,i'd he>d (4 ,he 0 a little te*nobully1 :o1 b>e *e/$ 9 ! ,augu/ heat1 work$ sull5ly on my s(tw>e1 mak+ rude noises :5ev] ,i ask$ a "q4 ,,mite seem+ly succumb$ to 8 ef=ts4 ,he b]at$ me = n us+ ! "r numb] ( data bits1 ! "r /op bit1 ! "r ev]y?+ else 9 comput]ese4 ,*a/5$1 ,i return$ home1 only to f9d t ! program /ill wasn't work+ reliably4 ,i took my ,kaypro & s(tw>e to a fri5d1 a sy/ems analy/1 an intellig5t1 le>n$ man fond ( aphorisms l 8,ev5 k+s mu/ obey ! rules ( ma!matics40 ,unfairly1 cruelly1 ,,mite /ill wasn't runn+ aft] five h\rs ( 8 toil4 ,my fri5d play$ by ! rules2 he'd bas$ 8 :ole c>e] on foll[+ in/ruction manuals2 he 0 ! p]fect man to help run ! comput] sy/em ( a hospital or bank4 ,i 0 j ! opposite4 ,:5 x came to ! laws ( ma? or comput] manuals1 ,i 0 will+ to turn crim9al4 ,9 fact1 t's h[ ,i undes]v$ly succe$$ at la/--by fl\t+ ,,mite's in/ructions on connect+ my comput] & modem4 ,x 0 ! fir/ "t 9 ye>s t ,i'd us$ a sold]+ iron4 ,i didn't own a vise1 ev51 s ,i plac$ ! ,,rs-#bcb connectors on an alum9um pie plate on ! wood5 floor ( my ap>tm5t & brea!d lead-poison$ fumes4 ,! "w 0 hot4 ,x 0 also murd] on my eyes1 h>dly ! joy ,i recall$ f amateur radio--a task fit = robots1 n p4 ,squ9t+ away1 ,i hop$ t b5efic5t ,h,a,ls w\ld soon multiply 9 ! _w's factories4 ,!n ,i rememb]$ my fri5d ,lynn ,wilson1 a telephone-company retiree :o _h sold]$ = decades1 :o lov$ x1 & :o _h lo/ 8 s]vice job to comput]s4 ,) ,,mite runn+ at la/--& ) me z a m ,cl>ke-l imitator--,i began ano!r s]ies ( rehe>sals ) ,pet] ,hyams4 ,! program 0 excell5t2 ! in/ructions 7 bewild]+ 9 places4 ,pet] call$ a ,,mite di/ributor & trad$ insults4 ,x 0 outrage\s4 ,we 7 n ord9>y end us]s4 ,pet] 0 a movie director try+ to communicate ) a fam\s noveli/-sci5ti/2 & ,i1 if an obscurity1 0 at lea/ ar\nd to *ronicle :atev] abuse ,pet] suff]$4 ,:at w\ld av]age comput] us]s h done8 ,)\t o!r ,,mite own]s to %>e _! problems1 !y w\ld h be5 up ! creek4 ,! :ole ordeal 0 a pot5t argum5t = us] gr\ps2 9 fact1 y might say t ,cl>ke1 ,pet]1 & ,i 7 a ?ree-memb] "o4 ,cl>ke1 mean:ile1 0 report$ly suff]+ a disk-drive problem4 ,he may h enjoy$ sympa?y1 h[ev]1 f ano!r us]--ne>by2 an ,am]ican 9 ,sri ,lanka own$ a ,kaypro4 ,( c\rse1 ! ordeal 0 /ill ano!r argum5t = easi]-to-ma/] s(tw>e4 ,f9ally1 x happ5$3 ! ,great ,modem+--m ?an six mon?s aft] ,cl>ke _h fir/ phon$ me f ,sri ,lanka4 ,hyams & ,cl>ke />t$ typ+ messages to ea* o!r1 & ,i knew my own ,great ,modem+ w\ld succe$4 ,b a problem l+]$ ev5 n[4 ,colombo & ,culv] ,city c\ldn't s5d already-typ$ mat]ial to ea* o!r's unatt5d$ ma*9es4 ,s "o ( ,cl>ke's fir/ messages to ! ,,mgm_/,,ua ,kaypro wasn't exactly 8,:at ha? ,god wr\ght80 ,x 0 some?+ 9 ! _s ( 8,tell 99999999 to fix t s(tw>e or ,i'm go+ to ?r[ ! comput] 9 a riv]4 ,& tell 99999999 t ,sri ,lanka has _m riv]s40 ,a furi\s ,hyams & ,ro?man phon$ ,od5dhal1 :o promptly contact$ ! di/ributor4 ,contrite1 ! ,,mite man apologiz$ & gave ,hyams ! guidance he ne$$4 ,! ,cl>ke-,hyams l9k 0 n[ 9 place4 ,x hadn't be5 easy4 ,! two m5 7 ea* us+ a #a1eie comput]1 a modem sell+ = sev]al hundr$ doll>s1 & a communications program li/+ = m ?an #age1 & ,pet]'s new pr9t] co/ sev]al hundr$2 & ^? exp5ses normally w\ld h be5 only ! beg9n+4 ,kaypro _h set up ! s(tw>e & (f]$ o!r consultant-/yle s]vices2 ,cl>ke us$ 8 own te*nician4 ,if ,av]age ,company1 ,inc41 _h duplicat$ ! comput] l9k on bo? sides ( ! ,pacific1 ! project might h exce$$ #e1jjj4 ,& yet cle>ly ! te*nical hurdles seem$ surm\ntable & ! rew>ds wor?:ile4 ,two weeks into ! l9k ,hyams _h only "o compla9t--! difficulty ( rea*+ an int]national op]ator at times to place calls4 ,& 9 future ye>s t problem w\ld less5 z special comput] l9ks let ,tel5et spread into ! _w's poor] c\ntries4 ,an atta*m5t to make ! ,sri ,lankan phone sy/em compatible w\ld co/ ! gov]nm5t sev]al ?\s& doll>s4 ,& ! exp5se to ,cl>ke & ,hyams w\ld be p]haps #fj an h\r--no great b>ri]1 consid]+ t !y c\ld transmit #a1jjj-^w comput] files 9 a fraction ( t co/ us+ #cjj-;baud modems4 ,) fa/] modems !y might end up sp5d+ /ill less4 ,m important to ,hyams "r n[1 h[ev]1 0 ! fri5d%ip he 0 build+ ) ,cl>ke--s important to ! success ( ! film4 8,i ?9k we're k9d ( l9k$ 9 a /range way10 ,pet] said4 8,he's writt5 "s lovely & sweet ?+s4 ,x's /rangely intimate4 ,y're j gett+ daily mail4 ,x has "s really wond]ful advantages t lett]s h ov] telephone conv]sations4 8,! k9ds ( que/ions t ,i'm ask+ him & ! k9ds ( ?+s ,i'm say+ are ?+s y don't really say (f ! top ( y\r head4 ,y "k1 #8,:at d y ?9k ab\t s-&-s8' & y sit d[n & compose ! answ] & y write x back4 ,"s ( ! /uff is purely p]sonal4 ,"s ( x is n4 ,i want him to exp]i5ce ! mak+ ( ?is movie4 ,!re are a lot ( logi/ical details4 ,i've spok5 to "s p t ,ar?ur's recomm5d$ ,i speak to4 ,!re are ?+s to d ) ev]y?+1 f m>ket+ to plans ,i h1 to *anges ,i want to make1 to ,:at does he ?9k ( c]ta9 ?+s8 to te*nical areas ( ! film t he c be enorm\s help )40#hh ,footnote #hh3 ,a ,ballant9e pap]back titl$ ,! ,odyssey ,file1 records mu* ( ! comput] dialogue betwe5 ,cl>ke & ,hyams4 ,v briefly ,cl>ke also writes ( ! l9k 9 ,asc5t to ,orbit3 ,! ,te*nical ,writ+s ( ,ar?ur ,c4 ,cl>ke1 releas$ by ,john ,wiley ,sons1 ,new ,york1 9 #aihd4 ,cl>ke1 us+ ,briti% spell+1 modem$ to me t ! 8connextion0 ) ,pet] ,hyams 0 8invaluable4 ,we are on exactly ! o!r side ( ! clock1 s ,i leave my ma*9e on ,,answ] ) a file = him :5 ,i g to b$1 :i* is ab\t ! "t he goes to ,,mgm1 & :5 ,i get d[n to breakfa/1 !re's 8 answ] on ! disk40 ,if ,pet] work$ late at night1 ! two m5 might save _! 8conv]sation0 on comput] disk s 8!re w be a complete record ( our collaboration4 ,x's truly fanta/ic1 l ,word,star4 ,i j c't imag9e h[ ,i ev] manag$ )\t x4 ,my big worry is t z m & m ( my fri5ds get plugg$ 91 ,i'll nev] be able to get away f ! keybo>d40 ,a few days be=e ,cl>ke s5t 8 writt5 answ]s = ,eric ,mey] & ! o!rs1 he phon$ him j z ,eric _h hop$4 8,i w\ldn't want to disappo9t ! boy10 ,cl>ke said lat]4 ,! ,cl>ke-,mey] conv]sation 0 brief--words to ! effect t ,cl>ke w\ld be 9 ,wa%+ton 9 #aihd & he wi%$ ,eric luck 9 ! future--b x s]v$ its purpose4 8,x's ! fir/ "t ,i've ev] _h an int]national call10 ,eric said4 8,my fir/ phone ,,dx60 ,my comput] ,,dx rea*$ me "o ,saturday morn+ at n9e1 an unev5tful occurr5ce except = a brok5 telephone connection :5 ,i dial$ ,cl>ke back to />t ! modem+4 ,our two ,kaypros click$ ! next try4 ,i receiv$ a prep>$ file f ,cl>ke ( ab\t "o ?\s& words1 & aft]w>ds we tapp$ out "s #bej words3 ,q4 ,:5 w y be com+ to ,wa%+ton s ,i c tell ,eric1 :o naturally w want to att5d y\r spee*8 ,a4 ,i am afraid x w be a v private affair1 z x takes place 9 ! ,:ite ,h\se6 ,b ,i expect to be 9 ,wa%+ton 9 late ,april4#hi ,q4 ,i am plann+ to call my ergonomics *apt] 8,! ,hal ,syndrome10 & if y've us$ t phrase be=e1 ,i'd l to give y cr$it4 ,a4 ,i don't recall ev] us+ ! t]m1 b x's a good idea1 & y're welcome1 anyway4 ,footnote #hi3 ,presid5t ,reagan's campaign s*$ule & trip to ,*9a =c$ him to cancel 8 ,april #aihd meet+ ) ,cl>ke4 ,t's "p ( ! conv]sation ) ! typos clean$ up--on-l9e typ+ isn't = ! va94 ,cl>ke 0 brisk at ! keybo>d4 ,!re wasn't any d\bt ,i 0 8talk+0 to a pr(essional au?or4 ,hyams 0 fa/1 too1 rea*+ maybe eighty or n9ety p] m9ute on good days2 & yet z ,pet] po9t$ out1 typ+ spe$ didn't matt] t mu*1 s9ce y normally w\ld compose at leisure1 !n squirt out y\r prep>$ file4#ij ,footnote #ij3 ,9 ! po/script ( ,asc5t to ,orbit1 ,cl>ke describ$ himself & ,hyams z 8l\sy typi/s40 ,!y may be 9 t]ms ( accuracy b n spe$--&1 ( c\rse1 ) a comput]1 y c correct mi/akes s easily t accuracy becomes second>y to spe$4 ,! ,cl>ke-,ro?man connection ran j f\rte5 m9utes & co/ #be4aa on my phone bill--a good case = ! economy ( global comput] communications4 ,i didn't "k :at ,cl>ke's rates might be4 ,b if ,i'd giv5 a ?\s& words to a ,telex s]vice 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 a "o-way message to ,sri ,lanka w\ld h total$ "s #abe4 ,& if ,i c\ld h af=d$ my own ,telex ma*9e8 ,well1 ! connect *>ges alone /ill w\ld h exce$$ #fj4 ,moreov]1 my #be4aa *>ge 0 = a #cjj-;baud connection1 a sl[poke "o by "s bus9ess comput] /&>ds4 ,) a #a1bjj-;baud l9k--a /rong possibility s9ce ! connection _h prov$ s reliable = ,cl>ke & ,hyams at #cjj baud--my phone bill might h be5 well "u #ae ev5 on a weekday4 ,& ) ev]y?+ s5t already typ$1 x might h be5 betwe5 #e & #aj4 ,imag9e ! ?\s&s ( doll>s a company c\ld save us+ micros in/ead ( ,telex = regul> communications ) f>away (fices4 ,9 "o ( ! que/ions s5t !re ,m>co ,polo fa%ion1 ,eric ask$ if comput]s som$ay w\ld replace secret>ies :o took dictation4 ,c\ld ! ma*9es display ! words on _! scre5s & electronically police spell+ & gramm>8 8,we w c]ta9ly get comput]s t c take dictation10 ,cl>ke repli$ by modem1 8& ?is may lead to two desirable results--bett] elocution & rationalisation ( spell+40 ,yes1 yes4 ,maybe som$ay ,am]ican & ,briti% comput]s c\ld ev5 spell alike4 ,al?\gh ,eric's "q 0 a v good "o1 x 0 pass 9 _m te*nical circles1 z he himself mu/ h kn[n4 ,articles 7 already appe>+ 9 micro magaz9es ab\t l[-co/ comput]s t c\ld recognize simple comm&s l ,,save 7to pres]ve mat]ial on a disk74 ,"o ( ! big problems ) spee* recognition 0 usability ) diff]5t voices4 ,b ,i _h no d\bt t practical ma*9es ) a vocabul>y fit = ! bus9ess _w w\ld be tak+ dictation by #bjja4 ,! keybo>d w\ld rema91 h[ev]4 ,n ev]yone w\ld want to dictate2 ,i suspect$ ev5 two decades f n[ ,i'd /ill pref] ! pleasure ( lett+ my f+]s l+] ov] ! keys4 ,!n aga91 h[ did ,i "k8 ,j a few ye>s ago ,i c\ld h se5 myself at only a typewrit] keybo>d4 ,z = spell+ *eck]s--well1 !re aga9 ! basic te*nology 0 already ar\nd4 ,i myself w\ld be pro(+ ?is *apt] ) ,! ,,^w ,plus1 a #de1jjj-^w electronic diction>y t w\ld flag ! places :]e my spell+s contradict$ x4 ,n t ,! ,,^w ,plus w\ld ev] replace pro(read]s at ,! ,new ,york]4 ,x w\ld let y use 880 :5 y meant 8?is02 x 0 absolutely incapable ( consid]+ spell+s 9 context4 ,ev5 by #bjja ! *eck]s might lack t capability4 ,b ev5tually !y w\ld respond p]fectly to context1 z w\ld gramm> *eck]s4 ,t might require artificial intellig5ce1 ! ability ( comput]s to reason indep5d5tly )\t _! humans lay+ out ! ma*9es' tasks 9 detail4 ,b ! day w\ld come4 ,( c\rse ev5 ! be/ prophets c\ld err4 ,9 8 #aide article entitl$ 8,extra-,t]re/rial ,relays3 ,c ,rocket ,/ations ,give ,worldwide ,radio ,cov]age80 ,cl>ke pr$ict$ communications satellites b miss$ by a mile 9 ano!r area4 8,x seems unlikely t we w h to wait z mu* z tw5ty ye>s10 he said !n1 8be=e atomic-p[]$ rockets are develop$44440 ,/ill1 ,i appreciat$ ,cl>ke's g5]al philosophy ( pr$iction3 ,exp]ts are m (t5 wrong 9 say+ some?+ c't be done ?an 9 say+ t x c4 8,d y ?9k !re w ev] be a ,,hal80 ,eric ask$ ,cl>ke4 8,yes10 ,cl>ke said1 8,,hal w arrive--b n by #bjja60 ,i agre$4 ,b confus+ly1 ,,hal w\ldn't necess>ily be a pure-br$ silicon creation2 ,i c\ld see him z a hybrid ( silicon *ips & bio*ips1 or maybe j ! latt]4 ,creat$ by an organic process1 ! bio*ips might h complexity & p[] f> beyond ^? ( old-fa%ion$ ma*9es ) silicon4#ia ,footnote #ia3 ,9 ! e>ly #aifjs ,cl>ke himself wrote 9 ,pr(iles ( ! ,future t 8! fir/ g5u9e ?9k+ ma*9es may be gr[n r ?an con/ruct$2 already "s crude b v /imulat+ exp]im5ts h be5 c>ri$ out along ^! l9es4 ,sev]al artificial organisms h be5 built t are capable ( rewir+ !mselves to adapt to *ang+ circum/ances40 ,:at's m1 in/ead ( a ma*9e act+ l a man1 sci5ti/s might help jo9 m5 ) ma*9es1 ) ev]yone receiv+ bra9 implants at bir?4 ,m5 might turn into ,hal be=e ,hal became a man4 ,= ye>s sci5ce-fiction writ]s _h be5 pr$ict+ cyborgs1 man-ma*9e unions4 ,9 "s ways1 humans might =ev] defy emulation4 8,ev5 ) comput]s' va/ memories1 ,i'm skeptical z to :e!r a ma*9e c\ld give judgm5ts bas$ on e?ics10 said ano!r ( ! que/ion]s1 ,j]ry ter,horst4 8,h[ c executives live ) ?is limitation8 ,might comput]s h a way ( tak+ ! %>p edge (f e?ical que/ions8 ,q (t5 y c put ?+s 9 a ma*9e or say ?+s to a ma*9e1 b maybe--because ( ! way x op]ates--y mu/ con=m to its sy/em4 ,y c't v well c\* an e?ical "q = ! ma*9e1 because ,i don't ?9k a comput] c weigh x e?ically4 ,x c c]ta9ly weigh x proc$urally1 b :e!r x c weigh x e?ically is ano!r "q4 ,i'm wond]+ :e!r comput]s might get 9 ! way ( hav+ to make "s ( ! e?ical decisions t bus9esses are always requir$ to make40 ,cl>ke repli$1 8,x w c]ta9ly be "s "t be=e comput]s und]/& e?ics 7n too _m humans d1 = t matt]71 b 9 ! long run x is impossible to rule out any aspect ( human activity :i* _c be reproduc$ or at lea/ imitat$ by comput] to any desir$ degree ( precision4 ,( c\rse1 "s ?+s w be too complicat$ to be wor? do+40 ,else:]e 9 ! response ,cl>ke did say3 8,i "k no?+ ab\t corporate or any o!r =m ( managem5t1 b obvi\sly 9 pr9ciple comput]s c assi/ decision mak+ greatly4 ,h[ev]--,,gigo60 ,g>bage 91 g>bage out6 ,already electronic decision programs 7 available = bus9essm51 help+ !m consid] f9ancial factors--b 9 mo/ cases1 n v mu* m4 ,besides1 ! p :o mo/ ne$$ guidance f 8e?ical0 s(tw>e w\ld be ! lea/ likely to use x4 ,imag9e ,ri*>d ,nixon boot+ up a disk to pond] if he %\ld cov] up ,wat]gate4 ,all ?is wasn't an ab/raction = ter,horst4 ,he himself _h resign$ z press secret>y 9 a disagreem5t ) ,g]ald ,=d ov] ! ,nixon p>don4 ,n[ he work$ z ,wa%+ton public-affairs director = ano!r ,=d1 ! c> company4 ,x und\bt$ly _h banks ( comput]s1 & l any o!r automak]s'1 !y mu/ be tot+ up ! co/s ( add+ v>i\s safety precautions to c>s4 ,critics ( ! auto indu/ry *>g$ t manufactur]s consid]$ only _! l$g]s--! co/ ( ! precautions v]sus t ( lawsuits4 ,w\ld s(tw>e som$ay weigh ! e?ical issues along ) ! numb]s1 & %\ld x8 ,t 0 h>dly a "q j = ! auto indu/ry4 ,:at ab\t a con/ruction company evaluat+ build+ mat]ials ( diff]5t /r5g?s8 ,or a book publi%] weigh+ its pr(itability aga9/ ! m5ace to public heal? t w\ld result f publication ( a fad diet book4 ,i 0 reaction>y en\gh to consid] ^? f9al decisions =ev] beyond ! realm ( ev5 comput]s z sophi/icat$ z ,,hal4 ,9 ! future1 ?\gh1 h[ _m executives w\ld feel t way8 ,j]ry ter,horst's e?ics "q 0 easily my favorite4 ,he also ask$1 8,:at ab\t ! g5]al issue ( tru/ among p communicat+ by comput]8 ,c p make policy1 sign contracts1 settle multimillion que/ions )\t %ak+ h&s8 ,y c h two p ) comput]s 9 diff]5t locations call+ up ! same /ati/ics f ! same memory bank4 ,yet isn't x possible t ! necess>y tru/ may n occur until ! two get toge!r 9 p]son80 8,y\r po9t t p mu/ meet to e/abli% tru/ is "o !me ( my novel ,imp]ial ,e>?10 ,cl>ke repli$4 8,aft] t1 !y c "w toge!r ?r\gh telecommunications4 8,i _h unexpect$ confirmation ( ?is idea f a visit+ read] :o happ5$ to be ! ,russian ambassador-at-l>ge 9 *>ge ( ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,he said1 #8,y're q "r4 ,y h to look into ! o!r fell['s eyes be=e y c negotiate4'0 ,9 ,imp]ial ,e>? a man f a moon ( ,saturn visits ,wa%+ton 9 #bbgf to celebrate ! ,u4,s4 qu9c5t5nial & cultivate 8 family's t]re/rial political contacts4 ,wreck]s h raz$ ! orig9al ,wat]gate complex--ov] ! objections ( ! ,democrats1 :o want$ x sav$ z a national monum5t--b 9 _m ways politicians & /atesm5 are ! same z 9 ! d>ke/ tw5tie? c5tury4 ,!y seek p]sonal contact ) ea* o!r4 8,only aft] t contact1 ) its inevitable "* evaluation1 _h be5 made1 & ! subtle l9ks ( mutual und]/&+ & common int]e/ e/abli%$10 writes ,cl>ke1 8c\ld "o d bus9ess by long-di/ance communication ) any degree ( confid5ce40 ,a boo/] ( telecommut+ might nod4 ,he'd insi/$ t we meet face-to-face1 & ,i suspect$ ,i c\ld h enjoy$ slightly bett] coop]ation f a few o!r int]viewees = ?is book if we _h be5 9 ! same rooms4 ,wires & satellites c\ld nev] elim9ate travel4 ,grant$1 "s rese>*]s might say ! next ye> t p t5d$ to use /rong] words 9 comput] conf]5ces1 p]haps to make up = ! lack ( body language & o!r visual clues4 ,report$ly1 ! decisions f su* conf]5ces t5d$ to be m radical--involv+ mu* m risk or n en\gh--?an ^? made face-to-face4 ,j ! same1 comput] 8meet+s0 c\ld greatly r$uce travel once ! p at ! v>i\s ends _h e/abli%$ ! basic tru/4 ,cl>ke _h writt5 two decades ago1 8,! bus9ess lun* ( ! future c\ld be conduct$ p]fectly well ) ! two halves ( ! table t5 ?\s& miles ap>t2 all t w\ld be miss+ w\ld be ! h&%akes & ex*ange ( cig>s40#ib ,footnote #ib3 ,cl>ke's conjecture ab\t ! bus9ess lun* ( ! future appe>s 9 ,pr(iles ( ! ,future1 ,h>p] ,r[1 ,new ,york1 #aifb1 p4 #aid4 ,t might or n be ) television contact4 ,! abs5ce ( x1 h[ev]1 w\ldn't be ! ultimate disa/]4 ,9 conc5trat+ on ! o!r p]son's message1 y might be less vuln]able to mislead+ clues f facial expression1 body movem5t1 or clo?+4 ,cl>ke himself enjoy$ creat+ diff]5t p]sonae = diff]5t audi5ces2 once 8 s>ong _h %ak5 up an ,,ibm conv5tion4 ,a ,wa%+ton report] describ$ him at ano!r "t z 8a paun*y fell[0 ) ?9n+ hair1 8ma?-tea*] glasses1 discreet he>+ aid 444 r$ velvet slipp]s & unbelt$ pants0 :o look$ 8l "s k9d ( ,,gs-#ab f ! ,bureau ( ,p\ltry ,audits4 ,& he wants y to see 8 ,k]mit ! ,frog doll40#ic ,yet ?is same man c\ld don d>k suits = book jackets & deliv] augu/ spee*es to /atesm54 ,footnote #ic3 ,! 8,bureau ( ,p\ltry0 description ( ,cl>ke comes f ,curt ,suplee's ,wa%+ton ,po/ article ( ,novemb] #af1 #aihb4 ,suplee also saw ,cl>ke 9 nonbureaucratic attire--! s>ong4 ,beyond r$uc+ ! opportunity = visual di/ractions1 long-di/ance contact by phone or comput] (f]$ ano!r advantage 9 my op9ion4 ,y c\ld rea* m p 9 a giv5 "t to confirm _! facts2 y w]5't twiddl+ y\r ?umbs 9 cabs & airport lobbies or we>ily work+ ! horn locally f a hotel room ) a b$ fit = a /eel-sp9$ dw>f4 ,t /ill left ! "q ( :at k9d ( (fice y w\ld talk to ! _w f4 ,m>g>et ,phanes ( ,kaypro want$ to "k4 ,! week ,m>g>et ask$ ab\t ! (fice ( #bjja1 %e said %e 0 9 ! middle ( read+ ,cl>ke's novel ,r5dezv\s ) ,rama4 ,9 h] op9ion1 ,cl>ke br\ght ab\t 8syn*ronicity40 ,he himself1 9 fact1 _h once told ( 8prepo/]\s0 co9cid5ces 9 8 own life1 & he'd peopl$ ,imp]ial ,e>? ) *>act]s l 8,george ,wa%+ton10 a tw5ty-?ird-c5tury ,virg9ian :o liv$ on a museum's plantation nam$ ,mt4 ,v]non4 ,if 8syn*ronicity0 or o!r co9cid5ces _h work$ = ,dick5s1 !n :y n ,cl>ke & ,phanes8 ,or ,ro?man8 ,try+ to puzzle out "s te*nical details ( my comput]-to-comput] l9k ) ,cl>ke1 ,i'd run into two noncelebrities :o _h met him4 ,& :at ab\t 8 neighbor--visit+ ,wa%+ton--?r\gh :om ,i'd pass$ ! que/ions f ,m>g>et & ! o!rs8 ,co9cid5ce ne$n't be my/ical4 ,i 0 happy en\gh = x simply to be useful4 ,reply+ to ,m>g>et's que/ions ab\t :at ! (fice w\ld be l 9 #bjja1 ,cl>ke _h a problem4 ,= decades he _h be5 work+ at home4 8,my #8(fice1' if y c call x t--x looks l a snake-pit ) all ! cables on ! floor--is j t5 feet f my b$room4 ,i c appreciate y\r que/ions are v important1 b !y're outside my frame ( ref]5ce40 ,cl>ke may h repli$ 9 a limit$ way to ,phanes1 h[ev]1 :5 he answ]$ a "q f ,seym\r ,rub9/e94 ,he'd ask$ ,cl>ke ab\t ! possibility ( briefcase comput] tapp+ into worldwide networks to d complicat$ process+ ( in=mation4 ,j h[ w\ld t affect p8 ,ye>s ago ,cl>ke _h said a bus9ess ev5tually w\ldn't ev5 ne$ 8an address or a c5tral (fice--only ! equival5t ( a telephone numb]4 ,= its files & records w be space r5t$ 9 ! memory units ( comput]s t c\ld be locat$ any:]e on e>?4 ,! in=mation /or$ 9 !m c\ld read (f on high-spe$ pr9t]s :5ev] any ( ! firm's (fices ne$$ x40#id ,& n[ ,cl>ke 0 pr$ict+ little portables capable ( us+ ! giant networks & memory banks4 8,x seems to me t z comput]s become m & m portable & networks m univ]sal 7& sy/ems /&>dis$--a ,,mu/67 !re may no long] be any "q ( #8micros 9 ! (fice4' ,! (fice w be 9 ! micro--& t w be 9 an atta* case40 ,rub9/e9 himself already knew t ,epson 0 ab\t to m>ket its little lap-size ma*9e ) ,word,star built into ! read-only memory4 ,footnote #id3 ,cl>ke's pr$iction ( a bus9ess hav+ 8only ! equival5t ( a telephone numb]0 is f ,pr(iles ( ! ,future1 p4 #aid4 ,rob ,b>naby1 ! ,word,star programm]1 ask$ a slightly ov]lapp+ "q cov]$ by ! same answ]4 ,!re 0 some?+ else = !m f ,cl>ke1 h[ev]--8 ?anks4 8,i am happy to greet ! g5iuses :o made me a born-aga9 writ]10 he said4 8,hav+ ann\nc$ my retirem5t 9 #aigh1 ,i n[ h six books 9 ! works & two portables--all ?r\gh ,word,star40#ie ,footnote #ie3 ,discuss+ ,word,star1 ,cl>ke 0 c>eful to po9t out t he _h 8nev] us$ or ev5 se5 any o!r ^w-process+ sy/em0 & _h 8no frame ( ref]5ce10 b f\nd 8only a few small nits to pick ) my v]sion4 7,release #c ( #aiha1 ,,wu#fddbge;,c740 ,among o!r ?+s he repeat$ a compla9t ,i myself h aga9/ ,word,star #c4j4 8,i d wi% "o c\ld see ! pr9t$ in/ructions actually op]at+ on ! scre5 text10 ,cl>ke said1 8s x wasn't mess$ up by ^? ugly control *>act]s4 ,t w\ld also h ! enorm\s b5efit ( prev5t+ ! sort ( boob ,i made = ! fir/ few weeks--n clos+ ! pr9t in/ruction1 ) horrid results1 e4g41 und]l9+ to ! end ( ! manuscript660 ,james ,watt1 ! desc5dant ( ! ,scotti% inv5tor1 also figur$ to an ext5t 9 ,cl>ke's "w1 9 ! s5se t ! ,haunt$ ,book ,%op sold x4 8,a comput] disk ! size ( a phonograph record c hold ab\t #ed1jjj frames ( pictures10 ,watt obs]v$ 9 8 que/ions1 8en\gh = a l>ge encyclop$ia4 ,does t mean we'll see ! end ( go+ into a book/ore & buy+ a be/-sell]8 ,are we go+ to lose ! pr9t$ ^w z we "k x today8 ,w #8book' buy+ become a comput]iz$ activity8 ,w ,i call up ,,xyz comput] firm & !n p]use disks at my leisure80 8,no?+ w ev] replace books10 ,cl>ke reassur$ him4 8,!y c't be mat*$ = conv5i5ce1 r&om access1 nonvolatile memory 7unless dropp$ 9 ! ba?71 l[ p[] consumption1 portability1 etc4 8,b in=mation networks w supplem5t !m & replace :ole categories1 e4g41 encyclop$ias & telephone directories 7z is be+ plann$ 9 ,france740 ,cl>ke 0 m sangu9e ab\t ,watts's fe> t comput]iz$ %opp+ might 8dehumanize u0 & cl]ks might vani%4 ,he said1 8,i believe p]sonal s]vice w become m & m important & hopefully m & m available z old] occupations disappe>4 ,we'll #8w9d[-%op' ?r\gh home t]m9als b w /ill discuss important products ) salesm51 ev5 if !y're hundr$s ( kilomet]s away60 ,! sev5? que/ion]1 ,lynn ,wilson1 _h work$ sev]al decades = ! ,*esapeake & ,potomac ,telephone ,company1 only to see comput]s d away ) ! rot>y swit*es he _h s lov+ly att5d$4 8,!y've s5t all my equipm5t to ! smelt]'s to reclaim ! metal10 he said4 8,i don't "k if anyone's /ill 9 ! build+4 ,maybe a few times a week someone goes by4 ,! equipm5t te/s itself tw5ty-f\r h\rs a day & fla%es a r$ light = ! s]viceman next "t he's !re40 ,j a few boxes _h replac$ ! long r[s ( devices t connect$ ! dial phones 9 ! area ( ,alex&ria1 ,virg9ia4 ,b ,lynn didn't feel any futility4 ,! telephone & teletype !mselves _h sup]s$$ ano!r inv5tion he us$--! ,morse ,code telegraph4 ,he'd p\nd$ out messages at up to =ty words p] m9ute = ! ,:eel+ & ,lake ,erie ,railroad1 & he /ill recall$ an old say+ reflect+ 8 pride 9 8 craft3 8,if a telegram takes m ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs to be deliv]$1 x has :isk]s40 ,my fri5d _h a feel = ! scraps ( hi/ory4 ,= ye>s he'd kept a ,teletype message ann\nc+ ! ,?ird ,rei*'s surr5d]1 & ,i ask$ ab\t ! ,,arc-#e receiv] t he'd giv5 me3 c\ld x really h fl[n ov] ,g]many8 8,g to ! ,air & ,space ,museum 9 ,wa%+ton10 ,lynn said1 8& y'll see a cockpit ) an ,,arc-#e4 ,i've ev5 se5 an ,,arc-#e ) a 4#ej-;calib] bullet hole "r ?r\gh x40 ,lynn 0 h>dly a foe ( e piece ( po/-,,arc-#e te*nology4 ,9 late #aihc he hop$ to be among ! hams talk+ on ! two-met] wavel5g? to an a/ronaut abo>d ! space %uttle4#if ,j ! same1 ,lynn fe>$ ! ye>s ahead--n s mu* 8 own fate z o!r p's4 ,footnote #if3 ,alas1 ,lynn tri$ b did n successfully make radio contact ) ! space %uttle4 8,ar5't comput]s turn+ p into useless objects aga9/ _! w80 ,lynn ask$ ,cl>ke4 ,g5e ,mey]1 ,eric's fa!r1 ( c\rse _h want$ ,eric to ask a some:at simil> "q4 ,b x meant m com+ f ,lynn4 8,comput]s elim9ate p1 :o take vacations1 sick leave1 & retirem5t10 he said4 8,i myself hav5't suff]$4 ,i took volunt>y retirem5t at full p5sion at sixty-two4 ,b comput]s 7 :y ,i left !n in/ead ( sixty-five4 ,i w\ld h _h to g to s*ool = ?ree ye>s1 & by !n ,i w\ld h be5 ready = regul> retirem5t4 ,s x didn't make s5se = me to /ay4 ,b n ev]yone c retire at full p5sion :5 ! new te*nology takes ov]4 ,:at d y d ab\t ! p be+ =c$ out8 ,:at's ! answ]80 8,anyone :o c be turn$ into a useless object aga9/ 8_/h] w is "o60 ,cl>ke said4 8,y obvi\sly w]5't40 ,t 0 too pat an answ] = me4 ,! o!r day ,i'd talk$ to my old /ate editor1 :o'd visit$ ,lora91 ,ohio1 we/ ( ,clevel& on ,lake ,erie4 ,he fe>$ t ,lora9 might become a husk ( a t[n4 ,a decade ago1 :5 ,i'd be5 a report] !re1 m ?an eight ?\s& _h work$ at ! ,u4,s4 ,/eel mills1 & ,dick worri$ t ! company might pull out ( ,lora9 except = a b>e-bones plant employ+ j a few hundr$4 ,d[nt[n1 he'd se5 doz5s ( %att]$ /ore w9d[s4 ,oddly1 h[ev]1 ! newspap] enjoy$ "s new subscrib]s--,dick said "s ( 8 fri5ds c\ld af=d to d little m ?an wat* television & read4 ,7 ,dick's fri5ds to be %rugg$ (f z 8useless objects08 ,9 ,imp]ial ,e>? ,cl>ke _h told ( /r+5t population control1 ( an ,am]ican ,midwe/ replant$ ) =e/s1 ( /eel mills neatly pres]v$ z museums2 b ?ree c5turies e>li]1 ,lora9 untidily ab\nd$ ) angry1 idle m54 ,*eap /eel imports 7 "o ?reat to !m4 ,s1 p]haps1 0 ! eag]ness ( _m /eel-company (fic]s to p\r _! capital into m pr(itable indu/ries4 ,b comput]s & o!r high te* also _h help$ deprive ,lora9 ( "s /eel jobs4 ,9 ! future1 h[ev]1 c\ldn't ev5 a factory te*nician telecommute--ov]see+ robots f home & us+ !m to turn out cu/om-craft$ products requir+ a human 8t\*08 ,ideally1 ,am]ica 9 #bjja w\ld be produc+ some?+ besides 8in=mation10 ,big ,macs1 & look-alike toa/]s4 ,& ideally1 too1 av]age work]s c\ld af=d to enjoy ! cornucopia4 ,9 fact1 widespread g5etic enhancem5t ( ,i,qs might ev5tually make ev]yone capable ( appreciat+ high te* at a high level1 s t 8work]s0 9 ! old s5se disappe>$4 ,huxley's ,brave ,new ,_w hi]>*y might nev] exi/1 & 9 ! tw5ty-second c5tury we might all be ,alphas sm>t] ?an any ( today's comput] wiz>ds4 ,robots w\ld be our real ,epsilons4 ,mean:ile1 reg>dless ( ! traumas ( society at l>ge1 "s ( ! mo/ unlikely p c\ld befri5d new ma*9es4 ,jack ,la,vriha--! cig>-*omp+ newspap]man 9 ,*apt] #h :o dat$ back almo/ to ! ,front ,page days--_h done f9e 9 ! ,lora9 ,j\rnal's electronic city room4 ,ev5 ,rima ,mey]1 ! weav]1 _h made peace ) ! family ,kaypro4 ,j a few mon?s ago ,eric's "m _h giv5 me ! impression t %e w\ldn't use ! comput] = a long "t if at all4 ,b n[ ,g5e _h ne>ly f9i%$ 8 ,m>yl& book--free+ up ! ,kaypro = h] to practice on4 8,i use x = p]sonal correspond5ce & = ! fli]s = ! weav+ classes ,i tea*--any?+ t requires good1 clean copy10 %e said4 ,! ,mey]s1 9 fact1 didn't ev5 h a work+ typewrit] 9 ! h\se4 ,well1 ,i ?\ght1 s mu* = all my bla!r ab\t m&ol9 play]s & electric guit>s4 ,to be sure1 comput]ization w\ld r>ely be z worry-free & blissful z ! adv]tisem5ts depict$ x4 ,!re w\ld be comput] crime1 disk cra%es1 all ! o!r high-te* woes4 ,few p w\ld take to comput]s z naturally z _h ,*>lie ,b[ie1 ) 8 playful1 ,hawkeye-,pi]ce attitude t[>d 8 little ,z5i?4 ,& h[ _m c\ld save _! companies #bjj1jjj a ye> l ,alan ,s*>f8 ,or exp]i5ce ! exhil>ation ( ,pet] ,hyams :5 ,ar?ur ,cl>ke's lett]s fla%$ across 8 gre5 scre58 ,or ! satisfaction t ,rob ,b>naby receiv$ by writ+ a s(tw>e classic l ,word,star8 ,b if comput] us]s n only *ose _! ma*9es & s(tw>e well b us$ !m well1 if !y =m$ us]s gr\ps r ?an tru/ p]ipatetic sales reps1 if !y avoid$ te*nobullies & hir$ consultants c>efully1 if !y tra9$ employees 9 a non9timidat+ way1 if !y comput]iz$ humanely z well z effici5tly1 if !y safegu>d$ _! data security1 if !y prep>$ = ! future ?r\gh telecommut+ :5 appropriate1 if !y %[$ p]si/5ce & s5se1 en\gh rew>ds 7 !re1 & !y'd f9d ! ,silicon ,jungle to be n only survivable b fri5dly4 ,aft]word ,x's ,novemb] #aihd n[1 & ,i've sold my ,kaypro4 ,bus9ess comput]s are production tools1 n family heirlooms2 :5 ,i f\nd t ! ,kaypro's scre5 & /orage capacity 7 becom+ inadequate = my ne$s1 ,i uns5tim5tally ran want ads4 ,! new own]--a *ur* magaz9e us+ ! ,kaypro = light]-duty "w su* z lett] writ+--c\ldn't be happi]4 ,! ,kaypro's replacem5t 0 a sleek ,victor #ijjj4 ,i 0 gr[+ accu/om$ to x :5 a writ] fri5d1 ,/eph5 ,bank]1 call$ ) news ( an auction at a %ut-d[n comput] /ore a few miles f my ap>tm5t4 ,a ye> & "o-half ago ! /ore's manag]s & ,i _h argu$ ab\t ! ,kaypro's m]its v]sus ! ,osborne's4 ,!y'd gambl$ on ! wrong ma*9e1 ! ,osborne4 ,micro sales 9 g5]al 7 gr[+1 b ?is bus9ess _h p]i%$ 9 ! ,silicon ,jungle4 ,n[ ,i return$ to ! /ore & saw ! debris ( ! micro revolution4 ,spread out haphaz>dly on long tables1 treat$ l dead fi%1 7 ! comput]s t ,i'd se5 glamoriz$ on ! cov]s ( ! micro magaz9es j mon?s be=e4 ,! auction _h begun on a ,?ursday & w\ld la/ ov] ! ,labor ,day week5d ?r\gh ,monday4 ,! fir/ day ! prices 7 r$uc$ #cj p]c5t1 & !y w\ld keep decl9+1 until on ,monday y c\ld buy mo/ ( ! ma*9es = #hj p]c5t (f4 ,x 0 n[ ,friday4 ,! ma*9e ,i want$1 a h>d-disk v]sion ( my ,victor #ijjj1 w\ld be #b1djj ,sunday--#dj p]c5t ( ! orig9al li/ price ( #f1jjj4 8,don't buy x ,sunday10 said ,/eve4 8,if ,god int5ds y to h a h>d disk1 ,he'll let y get x = #a1bjj ,monday40 ,!re 7 two h>d-disk ,victors1 "o new1 "o us$1 bo? sell+ = ! same4 ,s f> only "o o!r p]son seem$ to be %[+ ! am\nt ( int]e/ t ,i did1 a husky1 gray-hair$ man 9 a ,t-%irt4 ,he 0 try+ ! us$ ma*9e4 ,i wond]$ if he'd se5 ! new "o & 0 try+ to di/ract me f x4 ,?is c\ld be ! /uff ( nightm>es3 ,a :i/le bl[s t ,monday4 ,t-%irt pu%es a frail "y auction /aff] aside & races t[>d ! new ,victor4 ,i ov]take him1 h[ev]4 ,j z ,i'm ab\t to lay h&s on ! ma*9e1 ,t-%irt ?r[s a pun* t[>d me4 ,i duck4 ,t-%irt grabs ! ,victor monitor4 8,li/510 ,i say1 8t comput] isn't y\rs unless y get ! ma9 "p4 ,! monitor won't d40 ,an auction /aff] nods4 ,i unplug ! ma9 ma*9e f an ,,ac ext5sion cord4 ,t-%irt1 h[ev]1 sets ! monitor d[n & moves clos]1 z if to grab ! "p ) ! disk drives & ! c5tral process+ unit4 8,look10 ,i tell ! auction /aff]1 8x's my ma*9e40 8,fir/ come1 fir/ s]ve10 he says4 8,fir/ to ! c\nt] gets ! comput]40 ,t-%irt flexes 8 biceps4 8,y & me got "s fight+ to d40 8,hell1 no10 ,i say4 8,i already h my comput]40 8,my comput]10 ,t-%irt gr[ls4 ,i hug ! ,victor m tightly4 ,my back is a*+4 ,t-%irt laughs at my discom=t4 8,my comput]10 he repeats4 8,gimme60 ,! auction /aff] wat*es calmly4 ,i don't4 ,t's #f1jjj wor? ( ma*9]y we're fight+ ov]4 ,suppose ,i drop-- ,t-%irt ru%es 94 ,! comput]'s pla/ic case smacks aga9/ ! floor & %att]s4 ,simultane\sly1 "o ( u bru%es aga9/ ! monitor4 ,x1 too1 falls2 & ! ,,crt makes a horrible s\nd z ! air ru%es into ! vacuum4 ,! ,victor1 h[ev] well built1 isn't a ma*9e to be f\ght ov]1 b>room-brawl fa%ion4 ,on ! floor ,i see t9y comput] *ips & spaghettilike clumps ( wire4 ,god kn[s h[1 b ! h>d disk has spill$ out ( ! ,victor & is roll+ d[n ! aisle ( ! /ore4 ,! auction /aff] makes cluck+ noises4 ,i gl>e at ,t-%irt4 8,y saw x all10 ,i tell ! /aff]4 8,he's ! "o :o's go+ to h to make good40 8,hey1 boss10 ! /aff] yells t[>d ! c\nt]1 8we got ourselves a little accid5t "h40 ,! *ief auctione] ru%es ov] & looks ov] ! ,victor's rema9s4 8,he sma%$ x10 ,i say1 fr[n+ aga9 at ,t-%irt4 8,b y let x drop10 ,t-%irt snaps4 8,! price 0 only #a1bjj on ! la/ day10 ,i rem9d ev]yone4 ,a lump is =m+ 9 my ?roat4 ,inflation not)/&+1 ,i'll nev] feel "r putt+ 8only0 9 front ( 8#a1bjj40 8,well1 x 0 /ill wor? six ?\10 says ! head auctione]4 8,see y bo? 9 c\rt40 8,bo?80 ,t-%irt & ,i ask at ! same "t4 8,bo?10 says ! auctione]1 8unless y want to pay n[4 ,t'll be #c1jjj ea*4 ,ca% or c]tifi$ *eck80 ,hop+ t ,t-%irt w\ldn't notice me1 ,i put ! new ,victor ?r\gh its paces z mu* z ,i c\ld4 ,x wasn't set up to run ,word,star1 ! program ,i want$ to te/ x )4 ,i'd be tak+ a *ance4 ,/ill1 if ,i b\ght ! ,victor = #a1bjj1 ,i'd h en\gh money left ov] = ev5 massive repairs--assum+ someone didn't beat me to ! ma*9e4 8,maybe ,i'll buy x myself10 said a sales rep1 out ( ei!r cruelty or a desire to increase my int]e/ /ill m1 assum+ t 0 possible4 8,maybe ,i'll sell x = scrap40 ,he himself 0 a good six foot f\r in*es1 p]haps ?ree hundr$ p\nds1 b "s ,victor en?usia/s might h ?r[n a few pun*es1 anyway1 at ! s\rce ( su* sacrilege4 ,! ,victor1 unlike mo/ ( ! o!r micros !re1 wasn't ! comput] equival5t ( a dead fi%4 ,) ! built-9 h>d disk ,i c\ld keep e syllable ( ,! ,silicon ,jungle ready = edit+ )\t jockey+ ar\nd ! floppies4 ,i sil5tly ?ank$ 8,big ,blue0 ,,ibm = ! b>ga9 t might await me4 ,?r\gh its normal m>ket+ muscle1 includ+ a massive ad campaign featur+ a ,*>lie ,*apl9 look-alike1 ,,ibm _h ov]:elm$ ! competition4 ,p %unn$ 8obscure0 br&s1 especially if !y c\ldn't use ,,ibm ,,pc-,,dos ,,ibm s(tw>e4 ,! ,victor didn't h ,*>lie on its side4 ,"s bozos at ! company ev5 *>g$ deal]s = promotional lit]ature4#ig ,b :at a micro6 ,! ,victor 0 a #af-;bit1 ,,ms-,,dos ma*9e & ran ,word,star #c4c & ! ,cross,talk communications program1 ! s(tw>e ,i us$ 9 my "w4 ,! scre5 0 noticeably %>p] ?an ! ,,ibm's2 ! keybo>d 0 clos] to a ,selectric's2 ! light br[n pla/ic cab9et 0 sleek]1 & x didn't take up z mu* desk space z an ,,ibm ,,pc w\ld4 ,& ! floppies c\ld /ore an amaz+ #a4b megabytes ( in=mation or ?ree times z mu* space z ! usual ,,ibm disk4 ,h[ lam5table t ,,ibm r ?an ,victor _h set ! /&>d = ! p]sonal comput] indu/ry4 ,victor _h gone into *apt] #aa1 b subject to c\rt approval1 w\ld be b\ght by a ,sw$i% company--& ev5 if ! sale doesn't g ?r\gh1 !re w\ld be #ajj1jjj ,victor own]s1 en\gh to gu>antee a m>ket = replacem5t-"p manufactur]s4 ,,ibm might h ! br& "n4 ,b ! ,victor "r n[ 0 be/ = my ne$s4 ,footnote #ig3 ,a =m] ,victor employee tells me t *>g+ deal]s = promotional mat]ial isn't t uncommon a practice4 ,i realize t "s deal]s may wa/e lit]ature1 b ,i /ill ?9k ! practice is dumb4 8,:5's a safe "t to get "h be=e anyone else gets ! ,victor80 ,i ask$ ! sales rep4 8,we op5 at n9e o'clock10 he said4 8,won't d me any good to come sev]al h\rs e>li]80 ,i ask$ out ( curiosity--,i'd %[ up reg>dless ( ! answ]4 ,he %ook 8 head4 ,t night ,i call$ ,/eve1 j to ov]come la/-m9ute d\bts4 ,! bett] ! b>ga91 ! m suspici\s ,i %\ld be4 8,y ?9k ,i %\ld g ahead80 8,:y n8 ,! bigge/ problem y'll h is sell+ y\r pres5t ,victor40 ,i'd paid #a1gej = x new1 ?r\gh ! mail4 ,x1 too1 _h be5 a risk4 ,i'd tak5 out a ma9t5ance agreem5t ) a local company 9 case ! new arrival turn$ out to be a lemon4 ,x hadn't be54 ,b c\ld ,i recov] ! money sell+ a suppos$ly 8has-be50 ma*9e8 ,monday1 ,i arose at five 9 ! morn+4 ,if ! ,victor 0 /ill !re & if ,i got to x be=e anyone else did1 ,i'd save m ?an #d1jjj (f ! normal price4 ,= f\r h\rs ( wait+8 ,i'd h to be a regul> on all ! be/-sell] li/s = my "t to be wor? #a1jjj an h\r4 ,:5 ,i pull$ into ! %opp+ c5t]1 ,i saw no "o else !re except = a police c> pass+ ?r\gh4 ,an old van :eez$ into ! p>k+ lot a few m9utes lat]4 ,a be>d$ man & a boy ( p]haps t5 got out & set up a canvas *air2 vet]an auction go]s8 ,!y'd h advice on ! be/ way to fight ! cr[d & claim my prize4 ,! man1 h[ev]1 j ge/ur$ & grunt$4 ,! boy c\ldn't speak1 ei!r4 ,!y 7 app>5tly deaf mutes4 ,i pull$ out p5 & pap] & le>n$ !y 7 aft] ,at>i-games s(tw>e4 ,maybe an h\r lat] a few o!rs /raggl$ 91 "o ( !m a psy*ologi/1 ) :om ,i began discuss+ ! great issues ( ! day4 8,y're n int]e/$ 9 ! ,victor1 are y80 ,i ask$4 8,i'm look+ = ,osborne s(tw>e10 said ! psy*ologi/4 8,:at ab\t deta*able keybo>ds & monitors80 ,i ask$1 rememb]+ my nightm>e ov] ! crit]ia = lay+ claim to a ma*9e4 ,we decid$ t prop] auction etiquette requir$ y to def] to ! p]son :o c>ri$ away ! ma9 "p ( ! comput] to ! c\nt]2 an auctione] lat] agre$4 ,miracul\sly1 a small1 ord]ly l9e 0 =m+ ev5 n[1 ) fifty p 9 front ( ! /ore by eight4 ,ov] ! next h\r a mob came1 "s 9 old jalopies l ! van1 o!rs 9 ,cadillacs & ,b,m,ws4 ,!re 0 bo? excitem5t & desp]ation4 ,_m p1 l me1 simply w\ld =ego buy+ a new comput] if someone else beat !m to a suitably pric$ ma*9e4 ,%\ld ,i lose out on ! ,victor1 ,i'd j sp5d ano!r ye> or s juggl+ floppy disks ar\nd4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 might h be5 hop+ to be able to af=d a s]i\s bus9ess comput]1 p]iod4 ,no1 x wasn't l ! ,depression1 b ,i c\ldn't help ?9k+ ( ! dance m>a?ons ( ! #aicjs :]e ! h>die/ c>ri$ (f ! prizes4 ,i 0 ! fir/ 9 l9e--( all ! hundr$s ( p--b ,i c]ta9ly didn't boa/ ! /ronge/ back4 ,j a few feet d[n ! l9e ,i saw 444 ,t-%irt4 ,an auction /aff] pick$ up a bullhorn4 ,he said only fifty p c\ld come into ! /ore at once4 ,i he>d sighs4 ,relatively few p1 h[ev]1 left t l9e4 ,maybe1 j maybe1 ! o!rs w\ldn't appreciate ! m]its ( ! b>ga9 ma*9es t !y !mselves want$4 ,i hop$ t to mo/ 9 ! cr[d ! new ,victor w\ld be j ano!r dead fi% ( a micro4 ,f9ally1 x 0 n9e4 ,! salespeople--z if at a fire--urg$ ! cr[d to /ay calm4 ,if ! mob lo/ discipl9e1 ! o!r e>ly com]s & ,i might be cru%$ aga9/ ! glass4 ,z ! doors op5$1 ,i glanc$ back at ,t-%irt4 ,if he 0 worri$ ab\t me1 he wasn't lett+ on4 ,at a pace betwe5 a jog & a spr9t ,i ent]$ ! /ore2 ,i tri$ mom5t>ily to excise ! image ( ,t-%irt f my m9d4 ,oh1 look6 ,a fri5dly sales assi/ant4 ,i'd (f]$ him advice on electronic mail &-- 8,d y ?9k y c\ld help me ) ! ,victor80 ,i ask$4 ,suppose he c\ldn't4 ,8 job might be at /ake if he did ev5 a small favor 9 ?is e-man-=-himself /ruggle4 8,sure10 he said4 ,& ,i'd l to ?9k ?is 0 ano!r demon/ration ( ! value ( befri5d+ o!rs 9 ,! ,jungle & %>+ k1 us] to us]4 ,) ! sales assi/ant wat*+ gu>d ov] ! ma9 ma*9e1 ,i pick$ up ! monitor & pu%$ ?r\gh ! cr[d to ! c\nt]4 ,i /ill c\ldn't believe ! ,victor w\ld soon be m9e4 ,:at if ! sales assi/ant _h sudd5ly develop$ a fondness = ,victors & _h himself decid$ to claim ! ma9 ma*9e8 ,t-%irt all ?is "t may h be5 9 ! o!r "p ( ! room2 p]haps he 0 a graci\s1 mann]ly fell[ :o1 hav+ se5 me fir/ 9 l9e1 0 dec5t en\gh to rel9qui% ! new ,victor to me4 ,i don't "k h[ ,t-%irt f>$ at ! auction b hope t 8 own pati5ce 0 rew>d$ ?r\gh ! acquisition ( ! us$ ,victor4 ,)9 half an h\r aft] tak+ ! new ,victor home1 ,i _h ,word,star runn+ on x4 ,!re 0 "s t9k]+ to d ) ! s(tw>e s ! comput] w\ld />t up )\t my hav+ to /ick a floppy disk 9 x1 b o!rwise x 0 a p]fect ma*9e1 save = a little crack 9 ! front ( ! case1 :i* ,i discov]$ aft] ,i peel$ away ! price tape4 ,= #dj or s ,i c\ld buy a replacem5t front4 ,! h>d disk1 at any rate1 has be5 j z h&y z ,i expect$ = edit+ ?is book4 ,my old ,victor is 9 ! h&s ( ,gabriel ,heilig1 an aspir+ scre5writ]1 :o saw my want ad & b\ght ! ma*9e = #a1gej1 exactly :at ,i'd paid4 ,gabe is no dummy2 inde$1 he us$ to sell c>s--,m]c$es--& he insi/$ t 8 pur*ase price include pl5ty ( advice & sev]al h\rs ( in/ruction 9 ,word,star1 my favorite ^w processor4 ,& !n :at does ,gabe d8 ,he goes out & buys a copy ( ,^w ,p]fect1 a new program t he swe>s is easi] to use4 ,i say1 8,great if x helps y d y\r "w40 ,x mu/4 ,gabe tells me t ! ,victor helps him revise five times z fa/ z he c on 8 electronic typewrit]4 8,y con/antly h a fre% copy 9 front ( y10 he says1 8:]eas if y're us+ a typewrit]1 y mu/ retype ! :ole page ev5 if y *ange j once s5t5ce40 ,a produc] is int]e/$ 9 a proposal = a ,,tv s]ies1 & ,gabe says3 8,i did x 9 ?ree days--x w\ld h tak5 two weeks ) a typewrit]40 ,hav+ sold ! old ,victor to ,gabe = #eej m ?an ! price tag on ! h>d-disk "o1 ,i inve/$ #bcj 9 a #a1bjj-;baud modem4 ,i rema9 a comput] communications junky4 ,a draft ( ?is aft]word1 9 fact1 rea*$ my te*nical editor up 9 ,new ,york via ! phone l9es4 ,my aft]word c\ld cov] a numb] ( topics1 b ,i'll resi/4 ,/ill1 y might be int]e/$ to le>n t ! ,great ,modem+ cont9ues betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,sri ,lanka4 ,because ( problems ) ! ,sri ,lankan phone s]vice1 ! l9k ov] ! pa/ ye> hasn't be5 #ajj p]c5t reliable--monsoons c wreak havoc on cables betwe5 ,ar?ur ,cl>ke & ! satellite /ation4 ,b ,/eve ,jongew>d1 :o is n[ an assi/ant bo? to ,cl>ke & ,pet] ,hyams1 ! #bjaj director-writ]1 reports t ! /ruggles h be5 wor?:ile4 ,! movie w be out 9 ,decemb] #aihd 7rememb]3 ,i'm writ+ ?is 9 ,novemb] #aihd71 & if a report] has que/ions = ,cl>ke 9 ,sri ,lanka1 ,/eve w j type !m out on ! ,kaypro 9 ,cali=nia1 & ! noveli/ w typically respond )9 a day or s4 ,sometimes ! report]s ev5 visit ! (fice ) ! ,kaypro & int]view ,cl>ke via modem & get in/ant replies4 ,! ,great ,modem+ has produc$ a wond]ful outgr[?3 an attempt to />t an ,electronic ,peace ,corps 7,,epc7 to pipe ,u4,s4 te*nical savvy into ! ,?ird ,_w via comput]s l9ks4 7,see ,backup ,,xiii1 8,:y ,n ,an ,electronic ,peace ,corps807 ,! idea--9 ! =m ( an ag5cy work+ )9 or alongside ! exi/+ ,peace ,corps--has won support f p rang+ f ,cl>ke to ,william ,f4 ,buckley1 ,jr41 & ,*icago ,sun-,times editorial writ]s4 ,two e/abli%$ =eign-aid gr\ps1 ,p>tn]%ip = ,productivity & ,volunte]s 9 ,te*nical ,assi/ance 7,,vita71 hope to develop an in=mal ,,epc-/yle project ) ! ,sri ,lankans4#ih ,if successful1 x c\ld complem5t an exi/+ ,,vita plan = an e>? satellite to relay electronic mail to & f ! ,?ird ,_w4 ,ideally1 a p]man5t ,,epc w\ld develop4 ,!n x c\ld recruit volunte]s1 help fund projects l ! satellite & ! ,cl>ke ,c5tre1 & o!rwise enc\rage comput] communications 9 vital fields su* z public heal? & agriculture4 --,alex&ria1 ,va4 ,nov4 #ae1 #aihd ,footnote #ih3 ,kaypro has donat$ five ma*9es = ! project & expects to s5d five m4 ,special ?anks "h to ,david ,kay & ,tom ,peif]1 a ,kaypro /aff] 9 *>ge ( ! company's ,?ird ,_w donations program4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,backup3 ,m ,tips & ,tales f ! ,jungle ,,backup ,i ,tw5ty-,six ,que/ions to ,ask at 7& ,ab\t7 ! ,comput] ,/ore ,! v wor/ comput] /ores are l amusem5t-p>k arcades4 ,expect to be clipp$4 ,j aim = ! bull's-eye & keep y\r losses l[4 ,bett] /ill1 g to ! good /ores4 ,read+ my li/ ( tw5ty-six be=e-y-buy que/ions1 please rememb] t ! quality ( comput] /ores c v>y trem5d\sly4 ,! proportion ( lemons to good ones is high] ?an 9 ! case ( ord9>y retail]s4 ,t's because ( ! complexity ( ! product4 ,9 fact1 !re's an old joke ab\t ! diff]5ce betwe5 a c> salesman & a comput] "o3 ! =m] kn[s :5 he's ly+4#ii ,footnote #ii3 ,! salesman joke is f ,info,world1 ,octob] #bb1 #aihd1 p4 #bg4 ,"o ( ! ma9 tricks ( ! crook$ comput] hu/l]s is no?+ m ?an ! retail-/ore v]sion ( leav+ t[n ahead ( ! %]iff4 8,! av]age comput] salesman has a half-life ( two mon?s10 said my fri5d ! sy/ems analy/4 8,!n he loses 8 cr$ibility ) 8 suppos$ #8cli5ts' & goes back to sell+ %oes or automobiles4 ,if y're rely+ on any salesman = exp]t k1 y might be 9 = a rude awak5+4 ,t's :y us]s gr\ps =m$4 ,p got tick$ (f ) ?is _w ( huck/]ism & creat$ _! own little _w40 ,"o ( ! problems is t _m good1 hone/ sales reps w soon leave = m lucrative "w z consultants or = manufactur]s or o!rs4 ,( c\rse1 ! cu/om] himself may be z impossible z "s ( ! sales reps4 ,he might expect a quick1 accurate1 lucid answ] to 8 "q f a rep work+ = little m ?an a dep>tm5t-/ore cl]k's e>n+s4 ,comput] /ores c be full ( ignorance on bo? sides ( ! c\nt]4 ,moreov]1 ev5 if ! sales rep kn[s 8 subject =w>d & backw>d1 _m comput] problems j defy easy answ]s4 ,imag9e ! fru/ration ( a sales rep work+ on commission4 ,he c ill af=d "t to educate complete novices4 ,s d y\r homework or at lea/ make an appo9tm5t :5 ! sales rep isn't go+ to be jamm$ up ) lun*time traffic4 ,t's ! nature ( ! ,silicon ,jungle1 n simply a s]ies ( rip(fs4 ,*]i% ! good sales reps4 ,p]haps ! ultimate bad cu/om] is a middle-ag$ ,miss\ri man accus$ ( ! fir/-degree murd] ( a comput]-/ore own] ) :om he disput$ a #ahj bill4 ,nei!r m5 nor ma*9es 8int]fac$0 well "h4 ,al?\gh ! cu/om] _h b\ght a pr9t] else:]e1 he 0 "u ! impression t no "o w\ld *>ge him = mak+ x compatible ) a comput] pur*as$ f ! /ore4 ,! own] w\ldn't yield4 ,alleg$ly--,i didn't "k ! v]dict at ! "t ( ?is writ+--! man !n fir$ two 4#ch-;calib] slugs4#ajj ,footnote #ajj3 ,info,world1 ,june #bj1 #aihc1 p4 #a1 report$ ! %oot+ incid5t4 ,%ort ( kill+ ! /ore own]1 h[ d y protect y\rself8 ,/>t by realiz+ t ev5 at hone/ /ores1 y\r int]e/s & ! firms' won't be ! same4 ,i "k ( a ,wa%+ton /ore t plann$ to drop ! ,kaypro4 ,despite ! comput]'s g5]ally good te*nical reputation1 ! /ore seems to h be5 /uck ) m ?an its %>e ( lemons ) disk-drive problems4 ,b t wasn't ! real reason1 app>5tly4 8,we're mov+ out ( ! l[]-pric$ equipm5t into sy/ems :]e we c make a bigg] pr(it10 expla9$ a /ore employee4 8,we're n 9 ?is = *>ity4 ,we've got to make a liv+40 ,und]/&able4 ,b don't c\nt on a /ore l t to sell y ! lea/ exp5sive ma*9e = y\r ne$s4 ,y c also protect y\rself by consid]+ ! "r que/ions--"s ( :i* appe> bel[3 ,,"o ,d y ne$ a comput]8 ,are y prep>$ to fire ! humans ! ma*9e might replace8 ,rememb]1 a comput] c't make c(fee or lie ab\t y\r :]eab\ts :5 y may face an angry cu/om]4 ,( c\rse1 y\r bus9ess may be exp&+ s t ?is isn't an issue4 ,,two ,d y h ! temp]am5t = ! device8 ,a will+ness to /ruggle ) me*anical & human frailty--includ+ y\r own8 ,,?ree ,are y prep>$ to d y\r homework8 ,y c't avoid "s prep>ation4 ,x's dang]\s to dump ! :ole *ore 9 ! lap ( a consultant :o1 h[ev] good1 doesn't "k y\r bus9ess z well z y d4 ,use a consultant if ne$ be4 ,b help him & y\rself by kn[+ :at's go+ on4 ,if y don't h "t1 at lea/ be c]ta9 t a tru/$ employee does--ideally1 someone on :om y c be/[ a fat raise if comput]ization goes smoo?ly4 ,,f\r ,:at magaz9es & read+ mat]ial %\ld y buy at ! comput] /ore & else:]e8 ,! ,silicon ,jungle is j a />t4 ,nei!r x nor o!r books c keep y in=m$ ab\t new products z quickly z a weekly magaz9e l ,info,world c4 ,i've writt5 = ,info,world & may be prejudic$1 b ,i ?9k x cov]s ! indu/ry well4 ,"s micro magaz9es1 especially ^? ori5t$ t[>d specific br&s1 are namby-pamby 9 _! cov]age ( ! indu/ry or _! pet ma*9es4 ,a good g5]al book is f9e = acquir+ broad p]spective2 b n[ move on to a guide focus$ on comput]s = y\r k9d ( bus9ess4 ,%op = magaz9es & books z c>efully z y w\ld = ! ma*9es4 ,see if ! magaz9es' articles are z up to date z _! ads2 ,i "k ( "o t review$ ! ,osborne m ?an a ye> aft] its introduction4 ,timel9ess isn't z important ) books if !y discuss pr9ciples z well z specific products4 ,:atev] y read1 make sure x's 9 ,engli%1 n gibb]i%4 ,,five ,h[ d y want to buy y\r comput] & ! trimm+s8 ,at a /ore or ?r\gh ! mail8 ,unless y h a consultant or o!rwise enjoy pl5ty ( te*nical backup1 y %\ld buy y\r entire sy/em locally1 at "o /ore4 ,_m manufactur]s disc\rage mail-ord] sales4 ,t's p>tly because ( price cutt+ b also because !y ne$ local /ores to guide cu/om]s :o are new to comput]s4 ,b if advice is available to y f a consultant or fri5d8 ,!n mail-ord] s(tw>e might be a t]rific buy1 especially s9ce mo/ comput] /ores c't supply mu* s(tw>e exp]tise1 anyway4 ,,six ,d y want an indep5d5t /ore or a *a9 /ore8 ,my own pref]5ce is an indep5d5t t has be5 9 bus9ess sev]al ye>s4 ,comput] sales reps may come & g4 ,! own]1 h[ev]1 %\ld /ill be 9 ! /ore & 9 t[n :5 y\r w>ranty expires6 ,if y insi/ on buy+ f a *a91 well1 f9e4 ,b le>n h[ long ! manag] has be5 ar\nd--& h[ long he int5ds to /ay4 ,he may lie ?r\gh 8 tee?4 ,b at lea/ y're try+4 ,also1 ask ! manag] h[ long 8 pr$ecessors la/$8 ,h[ fa/ does ! revolv+ door sp98 ,,sev5 ,are ! sales reps kn[l$geable & und]/&able8 ,"o ( ! be/ ways to f9d out is = !m to demon/rate a program ( ! k9d t y want4 ,ideally1 sales reps or consultants won't j "k a lot ab\t comput]s4 ,!y'll also "k--or le>n--some?+ ab\t y\r bus9ess4 ,above all1 ! sales rep %\ld give y accurate in=mation 9 language y und]/&4 ,if y're a bus9essman %opp+ = a ^w-process+ comput]1 a good salesman c tell y h[ _m d\ble-spac$ pages ea* ( y\r floppy disks w be able to hold4 ,( c\rse1 ideally1 y'll walk into ! /ore kn[+ ! basics ( comput]s4 ,b !re are b\nd to be gaps 9 y\r k some:]e along ! l9e2 ev5 writ]s = comput] magaz9es argue ) ea* o!r ov] "s suppos$ly cle>-cut te*nical matt]s4 ,,eight ,c anyone g ) y to ! /ore1 especially on ! day :5 y want to firm up ! pur*ase8 ,y may at lea/ enjoy a psy*ological advantage ov] ! sales rep if !re are two ( y ask+ well-coord9at$ que/ions4 ,:o %\ld accompany y8 ,p]haps ! p]son 9 y\r (fice :o w\ld use ! ma*9e ! mo/2 :at bett] s\rce ( que/ions = ! sales rep8 ,obvi\sly1 too1 x's good labor relations4 ,employees :o help$ *oose a ma*9e w be less likely to compla9 ab\t scre5s or keybo>ds4 ,,n9e ,:at programs w d ! jobs y ne$ done8 ,don't j consid] co/s ( ! programs2 consid] _! co/s v]sus ! co/ ( n own+ p>ticul> ones4 ,i don't regret sp5d+ #bej = a ^w-process+ program to replace ! cumb]some s(tw>e ) :i* my ma*9e came4 ,) ! 8free0 program x w\ld h tak5 p]haps #dj p]c5t long] to write ?is book4 ,,t5 ,h[ easy are ! programs to le>n8 ,h[ easy are !y to use8 ,"s ( ! easie/ to le>n are ! h>de/ to use4 ,,elev5 ,d ! programs include good in/ruction manuals8 ,y /ill may want !m if !y don't--z long z y c buy readable books ab\t !m4 ,,twelve ,:at ma*9es w run ^? programs8 ,& h[ well w !y run !m8 ,take ,word,star4 ,_m ma*9es c run ?is popul> ^w-process+ program2 b n all w let y use ! cursor keys--! arr[like ones--to move f place to place on y\r scre54 ,) "s comput]s y mu/ simultane\sly tap on two keys1 n j "o1 to move ! arr[4 ,y c\ld h ,word,star cu/omiz$ = y\r ma*9e2 b :y n in/ead buy a comput] t works well ) x f ! />t8 ,y also want to consid] ! op]at+ sy/em t a ma*9e uses4 ,by n[1 ! mo/ widely us$ op]at+ sy/em is ,,ms-,,dos1 :i* has become a de facto /&>d because ( ,,ibm's endorsem5t ( x4 ,x has supplant$ ,,cp_/,m4 ,rival ma*9es may n run e program t ! ,,ibm comput]s c4 ,"s1 l ! ,compaq portable1 come close4 ,b if a comput] exactly duplicat$ all ! ,,ibm's functions1 ,big ,blue's legal /aff w\ld cru% ! mak]4 ,! widely us$ ,apples h _! own op]at+ sy/ems--"o = ! ,apple ,,ii s]ies & ano!r = ! ,mac9to%4 ,!re's also ,,unix4 ,ma ,bell develop$ x orig9ally1 ,,at,t ,in=mation ,sy/ems n[ supports x1 & ,micros(t sells a microcomput] v]sion call$ ,,x5ix4 ,! gurus say ,,unix c\ld be ! op]ation sy/em ( ! future4 ,) x programm]s c m easily write s(tw>e = ma*9es ( diff]5t br&s & sizes & 8port0 _! programs f "o comput] to ano!r4 ,,unix may also be good = micros ) _m p us+ !m at once4 ,! negative is t ! nonexp]ts sometimes h m tr\ble us+ ,,unix ?an !y d good ole ,,cp_/,m & ,,ms-,,dos4 ,s mu* = ! ma9/ream & soon-to-be-ma9/ream =mats4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 if ! program y ne$ comes only 9 an oddball "o8 ,?9k h>d4 ,d y ne$ ?is s(tw>e--h5ce1 ?is comput]--imm$iately8 ,or c y wait until ! wond]ful program or an equival5t is available = o!r ma*9es8 ,by ! way1 ! ^w 8=mat0 doesn't ref] j to ! g5]al /yle l ,,cp_/,m or ,,ms-,,dos4 ,x c also mean specific ma*9es )9 ,,cp_/,m & s on4 ,diff]5t makes ( ,,cp_/,m-/yle comput]s1 = in/ance1 may n read ea* o!r's disks because _! exact =mats are diff]5t4 ,,?irte5 ,is ! ma*9e #h bits or #af bits2 & h[ big is ! r&om-access memory8 ,rememb]1 #h bits may be f9e = ^w process+ & light-duty acc\nt+1 b #af bits might be bett] = complicat$ spread%eets & is a def9ite advantage 9 data-base applications4 ,at ! v lea/ 9 ! bus9ess _w1 y want #fd,k ( ,,ram = ^w process+ & #bef,k or ev5 m = intimidat+ calculations4 ,y may f9d t a micro j isn't p[]ful en\gh to h&le a mail+ li/ 9 ! t5s ( ?\s&s or process ! payroll ( ,exxon4 ,!y'd be uses fit = a ma9frame or at lea/ a m9i4 ,,f\rte5 ,:at ab\t mass /orage--9 o!r words1 devices l disk drives8 ,c !y hold en\gh in=mation = y\r bus9ess8 ,if y ne$ to juggle ar\nd great masses ( mat]ial 9 a hurry1 y may want a h>d disk1 :i* is m exp5sive ?an ! floppies4 ,rememb]--"o "* equals "o byte & y c squeeze mo/ numb]s into "o or two bytes4 ,e/imate y\r ne$s by calculat+ h[ _m pages by h[ _m bytes p] page1 etc41 !n d\ble y\r result to all[ = gr[? & ! un=ese54 ,don't j consid] /orage capacity4 ,?9k ab\t ! ease ( mak+ electronic copies ( in=mation y squeeze into y\r comput]4 ,a h>d disk capable ( hold+ ! equival5t ( five ?\s& typewrit] pages is nice4 ,b y /ill mu/ cont5d ) floppies = backup if ! h>d disk fails4 ,y mu/ ei!r make backup copies z y g along or else1 e s (t51 hold a long1 t$i\s copy+ session4 ,=tunately1 ! price ( h>d disks is dropp+ quickly en\gh t 9 ! future y might be able to af=d a second h>d disk to back up ! "o 9 ! ma*9e4 ,"s micros c back up on a /&>d videocassette record]--a good f\r-h\r tape w hold #ajj megabytes4 ,besides1 !re'll ev5tually be *eap1 reliable1 roomy memories )\t any mov+ p>ts4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 y'll /ill want copies ( "s k9d1 especially if failures w\ld zap ?\s&s ( pages ( h>d-won in=mation4 ,,fifte5 ,mu/ y\r comput] sy/em accommodate m ?an "o us]8 ,w x "w well ) p tapp+ into x f diff]5t t]m9als--^? ma*9es ) ! keybo>d & scre5s b little or no comput+ p[] ( _! own8 ,comput] mak]s ballyhoo _m micro sy/ems z be+ 8multius]10 b (t5 !re are hit*es4 ,^! ma*9es may let "o p]son d acc\nt+ & ! o!r d ^w process+ at once b might n all[ two p to run ! acc\nt+ program simultane\sly4 ,& :at ab\t data bases & electronic file cab9ets8 ,c m ?an "o p]son simultane\sly update inv5tory records1 = in/ance8 ,& w ! comput] sl[ d[n mu* if too _m p use x at once8 ,/ill1 prop]ly *os51 a multius] sy/em is a great way to %>e in=mation ) _m p & n h to jockey floppy disks ar\nd all ! "t4 ,!n !re's ! co/4 ,a multius] sy/em = tw5ty or ?irty p]sons may co/ less ?an half ( :at individual desktop comput]s might4 ,in/ead ( a multius] sy/em1 h[ev]1 y might /ill g ) full-bl[n comput]s--b network !m4 ,network+ is basically :at x s\nds3 ty+ toge!r ma*9es to help !m %>e lett]s1 reports1 data bases1 & o!r electronic files4 7,see ,*apt] #ac1 8,net ,ga910 = a full] explanation47 ,,sixte5 ,c y exp& y\r comput] sy/em )\t difficulty1 add+ m /orage1 = in/ance1 or devices l a modem to help y communicate ov] ! phone l9es8 ,,sev5te5 ,w ! sales rep %[ y t ! comput] w "w well ) ! pr9t] or o!r accessories y h 9 m9d8 ,he or %e might n be able to demon/rate ?is compatibility1 simply because he doesn't h ! p]iph]als 9 /ock2 b y %\ld at lea/ obta9 a cle> writt5 promise say+ t ev]y?+ w "w well toge!r4 ,be sure t 8 obligation to make x "w is cle> be=e y sign ! *eck4 ,! same idea naturally applies to s(tw>e4 ,,eighte5 ,h[ cle> is ! comput]'s in/ruction manual8 ,9 comput]ese1 y want 8good docum5tation0--some?+ t's 8us] fri5dly40 ,if ! manual doesn't include x1 !n does a book f an outside publi%]8 ,ideally1 ! book won't focus j on ! ma*9e b also on ! s(tw>e t comes ) x4 ,,n9ete5 ,h[ long has ! manufactur] be5 9 bus9ess8 ,h[ prosp]\s is ! company8 ,buy f a new company if ! te*nology looks f> en\gh ahead ( ! pack4 ,b be c>eful4 ,y don't want to buy f a comput] mak] likely to p]i% soon 9 ! silicon jungle--n :5 y'll ne$ sp>e p>ts & te*nical assi/ance4 ,,tw5ty ,are any us]s gr\ps ar\nd--organizations ( p own+ ! ma*9e8 ,ask y\r deal] or call ! manufactur] = ! "n ( ! gr\p ne> y4 ,if !re isn't su* a gr\p1 t's a bl[ aga9/ ! ma*9e !n & !re4 ,y /ill might buy x1 b y'll h less te*nical advice ?an y might o!rwise get4 ,ano!r beauty ( good us] gr\ps is t !y "w closely ) deal]s & manufactur]s )\t compromis+ _! own indep5d5ce4 ,) fell[ own]s j a quick phone call away1 y'll be less at ! m]cy ( "k-no?+ huck/]s4 ,obvi\sly1 too1 be=e buy+ ! ma*9e1 y'll f9d t ! us] gr\ps c be j ! ticket = le>n+ ! quirks ( ! deal]s & ! ma*9es4 ,ask discreet que/ions aft] ! meet+s4 ,:i* ma*9es & deal]s are w9n]s8 ,:i* are gobbl]s8 ,don't =get1 ( c\rse1 t ! own]s w\ld l to ?9k ( !mselves z hav+ sp5t _! ?\s&s ( doll>s ! "r way4 ,i try to rememb] t :5 a comput] %opp] at a ,kaypro meet+ asks me ab\t my ma*9e1,i say ,i l x4 ,!n ,i g out ( my way to tick (f ! ,kaypro's flaws s ,i won't h x on my consci5ce t ,i (f]$ a bum /e]4 ,,tw5ty-,,"o ,:at ab\t ma9t5ance8 ,y c solve _m ( y\r repair problems ahead ( "t by buy+ a comput] easy to s]vice4 ,t's "o reason ,i got ! ,kaypro r ?an ! ,osborne4 ,y also want to f9d out h[ (t5 ! ma*9es break d[n4 ,try--:e!r x's a comput] or a pr9t]--to get an ,,mtbf figure4 ,t /&s = 8mean "t betwe5 failures40 ,failures8 ,t s\nds fatali/ic4 ,b face x4 ,nei!r p nor ma*9es g on =ev]4 ,,mtbf figures are l political polls & deodorant-comm]cial /ati/ics--subject to gross manipulation4 ,b !y're a />t4 ,also1 consid] if y want to pay = regul> ma9t5ance1 :i*1 9 "o ye>1 might co/ m ?an a t5? ! price ( ! comput]8 ,or %\ld y gamble )\t a ma9t5ance contract8 ,"h's a rule ( ?umb4 ,don't gamble if 7a7 y\r sy/em is l>ge & complicat$ or 7b7 y'll be up ! creek )\t a paddle if ! comput] is out ( s]vice too long4 ,! second condition is p>ticul>ly true if "o or m ( ^! conditions prevail3 a4 ,if y own j "o ma*9e4 b4 ,if x's an oddball ma*9e--n a commodity l an ,,ibm or ,kaypro4 c4 ,if y\r bus9ess gr9ds to a halt )\t x4 ,i gambl$ = a :ile & seem$ to be los+4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ,i sp5t p]haps #aej on replac+ a pr9t$ circuit bo>d 9 ! ,kaypro & #cjj on pr9t] repairs4 ,consid]+ ! ,kaypro's dramatic effect on my output1 ,i won't gripe too l\dly4 ,nev]!less1 ,i appreciat$ ! ne$ = a s]vice contract = ev5 a well-made comput] 9 con/ant use4 ,& )9 a few weeks x paid (f4 ,a disk drive fail$1 & ! comput] %op didn't *>ge me a c5t = sev]al hundr$ doll>s 9 repairs4 ,! man work$ :ile ,i wait$ at ! public libr>y d[n ! /reet4 ,! %op _h promis$1 be=e ,i =k$ ov] my #bej ye>ly paym5t1 t x w\ld at lea/ try to fix up my ma*9e )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,if possible1 negotiate = f9ancial p5alties if repairm5 don't d _! job--at y\r location or !irs--)9 a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t4 ,! contract might be ) anyone f a national s]vice organization to a good1 hone/ man op]at+ out ( a g>age :o's be5 9 bus9ess a :ile & has conv9c+ ref]5ces--& sub/itutes = ! times he's on vacation4 7,see ,*apt] #h1 8,p10 = rules to consid] 9 avoid+ turkeys47 ,c\nt on sp5d+ #a-a p]c5t p] mon? ( ! h>dw>e co/s if y're deal+ ) a national s]vice organization4 ,( c\rse y might be bett] (f )\t a s]vice contract4 ,j make sure y c limp along briefly )\t a comput]1 :i*1 alas1 ,i c't4 ,if y d try to w+ x )\t a ma9t5ance contract1 y'd bett] be prep>$ to "k z soon z possible if y've b\ght a lemon4 ,t's n su* a bad idea ev5 ) a contract4 ,!oretically1 y %\ld smell ! juice )9 ! fir/ few mon?s be=e ! w>ranty expires4 ,b t's n h[ x always works--or doesn't "w4 ,z a novice1 y may n be putt+ ! ma*9e ?r\gh all its paces4 ,s :y n invite a m advanc$ comput] own] or a consultant--someone y tru/--to t9k] ar\nd ) ! comput] 9 ways t y'll ev5tually be do+8 ,! soon] ! 8te/ drive10 ! bett]4 ,y\r te/] %\ld d basics l copy+ disks1 transf]r+ electronic files f "o disk to ano!r1 eras+ files1 & r5am+ files4 ,see if !re's a program available to te/ ! disk drives & relat$ circuitry4 ,(t5 ^? p>ts are ! ones t fail fir/1 s9ce 7a7 ! drives are me*anical z well z electronic & 7b7 !y get "s ( ! heavie/ work\ts dur+ ! comput]'s op]ation4 ,z soon z y get y\r ma*9e1 y might leave x runn+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs a day = a week or two4 ,any compon5t t w fail f heat buildup1 = in/ance1 w probably quit !n--:ile y\r w>ranty is /ill fre%4 ,p[] consumption is typically no m ?an a light bulb's4 ,:e!r y h a ma9t5ance contract or n1 rememb] a basic rule3 ,x isn't ! %op's diagno/ic te/s t c\nt4 ,x's h[ y\r newly repair$ ma*9e w run y\r programs4 ,aft] ,i took my comput] into a %op = disk-drive "w1 ! repairman said ! drives j ne$$ a little clean+ & 7 n[ te/+ f9e4 ,! comput]1 h[ev]1 flubb$ :5 ,i tri$ "o ( my regul> programs4 ,result3 ,i =c$ ! repairman to in/all ! new disk drive t my ma*9e ne$$4 ,moral3 always keep on h& "s good backup copies ( important programs t y c take ) y to ! repair %op to make c]ta9 t ! p !re h done ! job "r4 ,ro?man's ,law ( ,comput] ,tr\ble-,%oot+ 7,cribb$ ,f an ,old ,rule = ,fli]s7 #a4 ,if y\r comput] messes up1 rememb] ! v la/ ?+ y did1 :e!r 9 h>dw>e or s(tw>e4 #b4 ,see if t isn't ! answ] to y\r problem4 ,,tw5ty-,,two ,:5 w ! new ma*9e be available8 ,be especially w>y 9 buy+ rec5tly introduc$ comput]s--ev5 f giants l ,x]ox4 ,maybe y %\ld g ahead because !y deliv] m value2 b don't commit y\rself ev5 to a p>tial paym5t if y c't p9 ! /ore d[n to a deliv]y date4 ,:y n negotiate ! "r to )draw y\r money any "t y want be=e y =mally accept ! comput]8 ,,tw5ty-,,?ree ,w ! /ore deliv] y\r comput] sy/em & in/all x8 ,= a small portable1 obvi\sly1 t matt]s less ?an x w\ld ) a major (fice sy/em4 ,rememb]1 too1 t y probably want y\r s(tw>e all set to g4 ,ev5 popul> programs l ,word,star may be too sc>y = y to in/all y\rself4 ,! ^w 8in/all0 9 ?is case ref]s to t9k]+ ) s(tw>e s x runs "r on y\r ma*9e = y\r use4 ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,if ! /ore or o!r suppli] is supply+ ! equipm5t ov] a p]iod ( "t1 c y break ! contract into segm5ts8 ,t way1 if ! /ore or sy/ems h\se doesn't p]=m 9 ! e>ly /ages1 y've reta9$ "s lev]age4 ,,tw5ty-,,five ,:at ref]5ces c ! /ore provide be=e y pur*ase a major sy/em8 ,buy+ a comput] isn't t diff]5t f hir+ a consultant or any o!r pr(essional4 ,s9ce y probably c't fully und]/& ! product1 y at lea/ h a "r to "k ! reputation ( ! p (f]+ x4 ,9 at lea/ "o case1 9 fact1 a c\rt rul$ t ! comput] deal] 9 effect 0 function+ z a consultant & _h m responsibilities to ! buy] ?an he w\ld h _h if he _h be5 sell+ a less complicat$ product4 ,x's an int]e/+ rul+4 ,& t's x4 ,don't c\nt on x to protect y4 ,,tw5ty-,,six ,w ! /ore own] himself sign ! contract8 ,rememb]1 y\r tru/y sales rep may be on 8 way out ( t[n4 ,rules = ,buy+ a ,us$ ,comput] #a4 ,"k y\r prices4 ,/udy ! want ads ( ! local pap]s4 ,!re's ev5 a ,comput] ,classifi$ ,bluebook t rates micros = value 9 v>i\s areas 7su* z dep5dability7 & (f]s possible prices4 ,x's available f ,comput] ,classifi$1 ,p4,o4 ,box #ccie1 ,r5o1 ,nevada #hieje 7#cj a s+le copy74 ,micro prices c *ange fa/] ?an a guide c keep up ) !m1 b ! ,comput] ,classifi$ ,bluebook might be a good />t if ! local newspap] doesn't c>ry _m want ads = y\r p>ticul> ma*9e4 ,obvi\sly1 too1 y'll want to ask ar\nd us] gr\ps & read ! classifi$ sections ( _! newslett]s4 #b4 ,pay att5tion to ! ma*9e's physical condition4 ,a bang$-up case--or a *ipp$ "o--might sugge/ t ! inn>ds h be5 r\gh$ ar\nd1 too4 #c4 ,f9d out h[ y\r pet programs run4 ,if y don't h any available t "w on ! ma*9e y're consid]+1 see if y c borr[ "s f a fri5d & h him or h] accompany y4 ,make sure y\r fri5d has backup copies 9 case ! programs are damag$ by a sloppy drive 9 ma*9e y're consid]+4 ,rememb] t 9 ! secondh& m>ket ! buy] normally doesn't h mu* rec\rse if lat] he f9ds t ! m]*&ise is defective4 #d4 ,z ) a c>1 ask :y ! sell] is sell+4 #e4 ,f9d out :at g5]ation ( equipm5t x is4 ,does x include all ! wr9kles ( new models adv]tis$4 #f4 ,le>n :]e y /& legally if y're buy+ s(tw>e ) ! us$ ma*9e4 ,"s companies may require y to regi/] y\rself z ! new own]2 s(tw>e manuals or accompany+ lit]ature may h ?is in=mation4 ,if y're on good t]ms ) ! s(tw>e company1 !re's m ( a *ance its p w answ] que/ions4 ,! company may require y to give ! s]ial numb] ( y\r disk be=e x w respond4 #g4 ,call up comm]cial auctione]s & f9d out if !y're hold+ any auctions (f]+ ! equipm5t y're int]e/$ 94 ,don't buy equipm5t at an auction unless y've be5 ar\nd ! comput] = a :ile or h a fri5d :o c wat* out = y4 ,v possibly y won't get a *ance to give a ma*9e a good te/4 ,don't buy unless ! price is l[ en\gh s y'll /ill be okay ev5 if y mu/ sp5d #be p]c5t ( ! auction price on repairs4 #h4 ,obvi\sly y'll want to consid] a ma9t5ance agreem5t ) a local deal] or repair %op if y ne$ ! ma*9e = y\r "w4 ,y may1 ( c\rse1 h to pay = an inspection4 ,,backup ,,ii ,a ,few ,gr\*y ,words on ,pr9t]s ,i sold my daisy :eel--a pr9t] t pr9ts l a high-pric$ electric typewrit]--& replac$ x ) a plebeian dot matrix ma*9e4 ,:y8 ,because all pr9t]s1 especially my #aige-v9tage daisy1 are a s]ies ( l\sy trade-(fs4 ,& "o ( ! trade-(fs 0 ab\t to be my solv5cy4 ,! old daisy :eel co/ a m]e #fej us$--q a b>ga9 = a ma*9e ^: late/ models g = sev]al ?\s& doll>s--& ,&]son ,jacobson didn't *>ge = m9or adju/m5ts if ,i lugg$ 9 ! bulky pr9t] myself4 ,,aj1 h[ev]1 kept aft] me to get a #dej-;a-ye> s]vice contract4 ,!n1 "o day1 a pr9t$ circuit bo>d conk$ out1 & ! replacem5t bo>d & "s o!r "w came to #cjj4 8,y've got to be kidd+10 ,i told ! crew at ,&]son ,jacobson4 8,?ree hundr$ doll>s = a pr9t] t co/ me #fge orig9ally80 ,no1 ,&]son ,jacobson wasn't out to gyp me4 ,q hone/ly1 ! p !re _h int5d$ to make _! money (f me ?r\gh ! s]vice contract2 & t w\ld h be5 f9e = a company t ne$$ a heavy-duty1 indu/rial-quality pr9t] to p\nd away1 day aft] day1 ar\nd ! clock1 )\t /opp+4 ,b = a lone free-lance writ]8 ,h[ev] fa/ ,i typ$1 ,i c\ld nev] give !m ! am\nt ( bus9ess = :i* its mak]s _h design$ x4 ,s l de/itute p>5ts se>*+ = ! "r fo/] home = _! *ildr51 ,i look$ = bett]1 m afflu5t surr\nd+s = my pr9t]4 ,i ask$ =1 & got1 #fej = ! pr9t] ) a tractor fe$ ?r[n 9 = free--x lets y use big /acks ( p]=at$ comput] pap] )\t /uff+ 9 new %eets :5 y rea* ! end ( ! page4 ,! new own]1 a ,wa%+ton consultant1 und]/ood4 ,he wasn't j buy+ a pr9t]2 he 0 buy+ 8 "r to an ,&]son ,jacobson s]vice contract4 ,my ,,aj's successor 0 ! ,microprism ,model #dhj1 a sleek1 pla/ic-cov]$ ma*9e t took up less space on my tabletop ?an "s typewrit]s4 ,9 a dot-matrix pr9t] l ! #dhj1 little p9s hit ! ribbon1 mak+ impressions on ! pap]4 ,an 8,a0 is "o s]ies ( p9s1 a 8,b0 ano!r1 & s on4 ,! quality normally isn't any mat* = ! daisy :eel's1 ev5 ?\gh ! price may be mu* l[] ?an a daisy go+ ! same spe$4 8,pr9ts l a daisy1 co/s l a matrix60 ,integral ,data ,sy/ems t\t$ ! ,model #dhj4 ,t 0 /ret*+ matt]s4 ,! lett]s f my next pr9t]1 a ,panasonic ,,kx-,p#ajib1 c\ld almo/ pass = a typewrit]'s4 ,x sold disc\nt$ at a local /ore = #dhi1 j a few doll>s m ?an ,&]son ,jacobson want$ = its "o-ye> ma9t5ance contract4 ,"h's :at else ,i c\ld h *os5--rightly or n3 #a4 ,ano!r daisy :eel ma*9e4 ,! daisy :eel is pla/ic or metal & looks vaguely l "s fl[]s1 ) _m /rokes radiat+ f ! c5t]4 ,! spokes conta9 lett]s & numb]s1 & y\r comput] tells :at spoke ! pr9t] %\ld /rike--:i* x does ) a little hamm]4 ,run a noisy daisy :eel at "o 9 ! morn+ 9 a ?9-wall$ ap>tm5t ) an e>ly-ris+ neighbor on ! o!r side & y may get a n-s-fri5dly visit f ! police or zon+ dep>tm5t4 #b4 ,a las] pr9t]4 ,typically1 x works a bit l "s copy+ ma*9es1 ) y\r comput] controll+ ! pr9t$ image r ?an a docum5t y put 9 front ( a mirror4 ,?is wasn't ! *oice = me2 las] pr9t]s at ! "t w5t = sev]al ?\s& doll>s up4 ,by n[1 h[ev]1 ! price may be mu* l[]4 ,political fund-rais]s love ! nice quality t las]s c add to slick lett]s say+ h[ badly !y ne$ y\r money4 #c4 ,a !rmal-transf] pr9t]4 ,?is uses patt]ns ( heat to arrange ! images on special pap]2 x's quiet4 ,normally1 ! pap] c be exp5sive1 & ! pr9t+ quality is poor2 s !rmal pr9t]s 7 also out ( ! runn+ = me4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 ,,ibm introduc$ its ,quietwrit] pr9t]1 :i* pr9ts beautifully on ord9>y pap]4 #d4 ,an ink-jet pr9t]4 ,?is k9d lit]ally squirts ink aga9/ ! pap] 9 patt]ns =m+ lett]s & numb]s2 & ! noise level is l[1 maybe #ej decibels1 comp>$ to #fe or m t a daisy :eel might inflict4 ,:at a boon to ap>tm5t dwell]s & p 9 already-noisy (fices4 ,:ile ,i 0 %opp+ = ! ,&]son ,jacobson's replacem5t1 ,i didn't take ink jets v s]i\sly because ( ! brok5-up lett]s t came f !m4 ,a ye> lat]1 h[ev]1 ,i talk$ to ,ri*>d ,sugd51 a ,wyom+ ,m4,d41 ! own] ( a ,,pt-#hh ink-jet f ,siem5s1 sell+ 9 ! #ijj range1 :o may h _h a limit$ solution4 ,he us$ ! #hh ) a special pr9t+ program call$ ,fancy ,font & high-quality pap] t soak$ up ! ink neatly4 ,! program sl[$ 8 pr9t] d[n to a fraction ( ! usual #afj *>act]s p] second b greatly improv$ 8 pr9t ev5 if x /ill c\ldn't pass = a daisy :eel's4 ,y c also team up ,fancy ,font ) "s dot-matrix ma*9es1 especially ^? f ,epson4 ,!n y c pr9t 9 a numb] ( sizes & /yles1 includ+ 8olde ,engli%40 ,don't ov]do4 8,fancy10 z its mak]s joke 9 a pr9t+ sample1 8may ei!r kill or cure40 ,9 pr9t] %opp+ = myself1 ,i us$ ^! crit]ia3 ,,spe$ ,yes1 actually ,i c\ld h af=d$ a new daisy--"o ( ^? #dej-a1jjj models4 ,! problem 0 t mo/ crept along at less ?an #bj *>act]s p] second4 ,t s\nds fa/1 maybe #bjj words a m9ute2 x isn't4 ,y mu/ r$o an entire page if y want p]fect typ+ b wi% to make "o *ange 9 mat]ial already pr9t$2 y c't j :ite out ! wrong ^w & /ick 9 ! correct "o z y c ) a typewrit]4 ,(t51 aft] complet+ a suppos$ly f9al v]sion1 ,i see _m *anges ,i %\ld h made on-scre54 ,someh[ my edit+ eyes are %>p] ) pap]4 ,p less fallible ?an ,i c make d ) #bj *>act]s p] second4 ,!y get ev]y?+ pr9t$ "r ! fir/ "t4 ,!n aga91 if _! pr9t+ volume is too high1 a snaillike pr9t] /ill w bog !m d[n4 ,& if !y're us+ _! comput] sy/em to /ore & pr9t notes or records1 a fa/] ma*9e is a mu/4 ,t's especially true if y're *urn+ out no?+ b long r[s ( numb]s4 ,if be/ impressions don't c\nt1 y might consid] a high-spe$ dot matrix capable ( m ?an #aej *>act]s p] second--or ev5 #bjj or great]4 ,my ,panasonic dot matrix 0 some:at ( a compromise1 ) a draft spe$ adv]tis$ at #ahj *>act]s p] second & a ne>-lett]-quality "o ( ar\nd #cc cps4 ,,w>n+3 ,please note t adv]tis$ spe$s may be "o-?ird or m high] ?an ! actual spe$s4 ,! adv]tis$ spe$s may n consid] factors su* z ! "t x takes ! pr9t] to g f "o l9e to ano!r4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true ! case ( unidirectional pr9t]s1 :i* pr9t only f left to "r r ?an 9 bo? directions1 z d bidirectional pr9t]s4 ,! only real way to judge a pr9t] spe$ 9 y\r application is to try x ) y\r own sample mat]ial4 ,,pr9t ,,quality ,"h's ! hi]>*y ( pr9t] quality3 #a4 ,draft quality4 ,! lett]s are too dotty = any?+ b drafts & correspond5ce ) enemies ^: eyes y want to torture4 #b4 ,correspond5ce quality4 ,x'll d = a lett] to a =giv+ fri5d or bus9ess associate4 #c4 ,ne>-lett] quality4 ,y c get away ) x = book manuscripts1 especially if y already h a contract4 #d4 ,lett] quality4 ,t's typewrit] quality4 ,a fri5d describ$ my ,microprism's suppos$ 8ne>-lett] quality0 z look+ l 8an upscale groc]y /ore receipt40 ,x 0 a long way f a daisy :eel4 ,/ill1 ,judi? ,axl] ,turn]1 a nationally syndicat$ comput] columni/1 says dot matrix might actually help h] at times2 %e c pr9t ! lett]s l>g] ?an regul> typewritt5 *>act]s4 ,h] manuscripts comm& m att5tion4 ,a ,wa%+ton lawy] f>$ worse us+ a dot-matrix ma*9e )\t ne>-lett] quality4 ,a judge ?rew out 8 brief4 ,we dot-matrix plebeians1 be=e buy+1 %\ld te/ ! pr9t quality on a numb] ( p1 especially colleagues or cli5ts4 ,are !y happy ) ! %apes1 sizes1 & quality ( ! *>act]s8 ,d !y feel t our dots bl5d smoo?ly into ea* o!r8 ,usually1 ! m p9s a dot-matrix pr9t] has1 ! bett] w be ! pr9t+4 ,_m dot-matrix pr9t]s 9 late #aihd _h a matrix ( sev5-by-n9e wires4 ,9 #aihd ,epson 0 sell+ ! #a1ejj ,,lq-#aejj ) twice t d5sity & 8lett]-quality *>act]s to rival f9e (fice typewrit]s40 ,i look$ "o ov]4 ,! typewrit]s 7 /ill w9n+4 ,sales reps w bill ! ,,lq-#aejj & _m o!r dot matrixes z be+ capable ( bo? 7a7 lightn+ spe$s ) draft-pr9t quality & 7b7 sl[] spe$s ) good quality4 ,is x 8good0 en\gh = y8 ,if n1 consid] buy+ a spe$y dot matrix or ink jet = r\t9e "w & a daisy :eel = ! times y want ! be/ impression4 ,! comb9$ co/ may be l[] ?an t ( a sup]-dup] dot matrix4 ,if y're do+ s]i\s "w ) graphics1 look = a pr9t] capable ( reproduc+ details z well z a good comput] monitor does4 ,daisy :eels won't suffice because ( ! trem5d\s numb] ( /rikes2 do+ "o dot at a "t is incr$ibly sl[1 & _! pre=m$ *>act]s don't include ! v>iety ( patt]ns t good graphics require4 ,y really ne$ an ink jet1 dot matrix1 or o!r alt]native4 ,,co/ ,) pr9t] te*nology advanc+ s rapidly1 ,i didn't want to s9k mu* into a ma*9e--h5ce1 ! #dhi ,panasonic4 ,sometime 9 ! #aihjs ,i'll =sake my *eapie dot matrix = a good ink-jet1 !rmal-transf]1 or las] pr9t] :5 ! price is d[n4 ,:5 pond]+ co/s1 don't j look at a pr9t]'s price tag4 ,:at ab\t ribbons8 ,h[ _m pages w !y pr9t8 ,& h[ mu* d !y sell =8 ,my ,,ids ribbons li/$ = ar\nd #ab apiece1 b luckily ,i c\ld get ar\nd t by 7#a7 buy+ at a disc\nt place & 7#b7 ev5tually pur*as+ a little ma*9e call$ a ,mac,inker1 :i*1 = less ?an a dime1 let me re9k a ribbon4 ,x's messy4 ,don't inflict a ,mac,inker on a ,=tune #ejj secret>y1 or any secret>y1 b ?9k ab\t "o1 maybe1 z a way ( be+ frugal at home4 ,! ,mac,inker is available f ,comput] ,fri5ds1 #fdae ,,sw ,canyon ,c\rt1 ,suite #aj1 ,portl&1 ,oregon #igbba4 ,! telephone numb] is #a-hjj_/edg-ccjc1 or #ejc_/big-bcba4 ,! gadget z ( mid-#aihd 0 sell+ = ar\nd #fj if y includ$ ink & %ipp+ *>ges4 ,,pr9t+ ,,volume ,i want$ to be able to *urn out a book manuscript 9 "o week5d )\t ov]:elm+ ! pr9t]4 ,be=e y buy a pr9t]1 ask ! manufactur] if x c h&le n only y\r typical workload b also y\r peak "o4 ,*eap] pr9t]s may ov]heat--j :5 y mo/ ne$ !m4 ,a ,,dec5t ,,repair ,,record ,a pr9t] is an electrome*anical device4 ,t's a fancy way ( say+ x may break d[n a lot4 ,an electrome*anical device1 aft] all1 is p>tly me*anical--:i* makes x less reliable ?an ! gizmos 9 y\r comput] sy/em t are purely electronic4 ,if y c af=d backup ma*9es1 naturally ! repair record won't be z crucial1 b no matt] :at1 d comp>e /ati/ics on ! mean "t betwe5 failures4 ,rememb]1 !y're l ,,epa rat+s = automobiles4 ,!y're wrong1 frequ5tly1 & may n apply to ! pr9t] y end up )4 ,b don't %rug !m (f entirely4 ,,quiet 7,,or ,,relative ,,quiet7 ,my daisy--) ! little hamm] p\nd+ away--0 too noisy = ! late h\rs4 ,old] dot matrixes also c be (f5d]s2 !y c almo/ %riek ) high-pit*$ s\nds4 ,"s ( ! new] ones may be bett] behav$4 ,%>+ an (fice-ap>tm5t or work+ f an ord9>y (fice1 h[ev]1 y might buy a s\nd-muffl+ box & wre/le ) pull+ pap] 9 & out ( x4 ,:5 good1 *eap ink jets & las] pr9t]s hit ! m>ket1 ^! noise hassles w end4 ,,special ,,features 8,w x und]l9e80 ,i ask$4 ,& w\ld x (f] boldface1 ! d>k1 heavy pr9t t books (t5 use = emphasis4 ,& :at ab\t o!r special features8 ,h[ ab\t proportional spac+1 = in/ance1 :i* pr9ts ! 8,m0 wid] ?an a 8j0--mak+ ! type look m l a book's4 ,t c\ld make ! pr9t m readable4 ,ano!r "q is1 8,does ! pr9t] (f] ju/ification80 ,x's really a s(tw>e issue4 ,b we'll gr\p x "h ) ! o!r special features4 ,ju/ification ev5s out ! spac+ ( bo? ! "r & left m>g9s1 ?\gh t's a mix$ bless+4 ,ju/ifi$ m>g9s look m impressive4 ,b ragg$ "r m>g9s1 ! normal typewrit] k9d1 guide ! eye m easily & may be bett] = long reports z oppos$ to %ort lett]s4 ,i did n ju/ify ?is manuscript4 ,b ju/ification is j ! ticket = correspond5ce ) ! /atus consci\s4 ,9 ! case ( all ^! special features1 keep rememb]+ to ask3 #a4 ,does ! pr9t] (f] !m no matt] :at comput] or program y use8 #b4 ,if n1 w y\r h>dw>e & s(tw>e let y use ! features8 #c4 ,= free1 w ! /ore modify y\r comput] sy/em to make ! features available to y8 #d4 ,w y\r desir$ comb9ations ( features "w simultane\sly8 ,un=tunately1 ) my s(tw>e1 anyway1 ! ,microprism #dhj c\ldn't use boldface & proportional spac+ at once4 ,,ov]all ,,compatibility ,,) ,,y\r ,,comput] #a4 ,c y use a /&>d cable to connect ! pr9t] & ! comput]8 #b4 ,if n1 c ! /ore make "o up = y8 ,at :at co/8 ,rememb]1 x isn't en\gh = ! cables to plug 94 ,y also want ! "r wires go+ to ! "r p9s & = ! comput] & pr9t] to be on speak+ t]ms electronically4 ,to connect up ) a pr9t] physically & electronically1 a comput] uses a port--no?+ m ?an 7a7 a plug or socket & 7b7 ! gizmos t let y\r ma*9e ex*ange bits & bytes ) ! outside _w4 8,! outside _w0 may be a modem1 :i* connects up ) a phone1 or x may be simply y\r pr9t]4 ,two common /yles ( ports are s]ial & p>allel4 ,data passes ?r\gh s]ial ports a bit at a "t2 ?r\gh p>allel ports1 x passes eight bits or m at once4 ,s]ial ports commonly use an indu/ry /&>d1 ! ,,rs-#bcb1 :i* is a k9d ( socket toge!r ) ! relat$ electronics4 ,z ) 8,,ibm compatibility10 ?is 8indu/ry /&>d0 (t5 c be elusive4 ,"o br&'s ,,rs-#bcb may diff] f ano!r's4 ,! ,kaypro has bo? a s]ial & p>allel port1 & ) ! ,&]son ,jacobson1 ,i _h to wre/le ) plugs :5ev] ,i us$ ! modem1 s9ce x & ! ,&]son ,jacobson bo? requir$ ! s]ial port4 ,9 betwe5 pr9t+ "o ( ! la/ drafts ( ?is manuscript today1 ,i'm add+ ano!r crit]ion--:e!r a pr9t] has a buff]4 ,a buff] 9 ?is case is j "s memory1 9 ! pr9t]1 t lets y\r comput] pump a lett] or report into ! ma*9e 9 a fairly %ort "t4 ,!n y c return to o!r comput] "w :ile ! pr9t] runs4 ,y c ( c\rse buy a buff] if y\r ma*9e lacks "o & y're sadi/ic en\gh to deprive y\r secret>y ( a good excuse = a c(fee break4 ,wait4 ,come to ?9k ( x1 y\r secret>y h]self might appreciate a buff] if %e's try+ to keep a n9e to five job n9e to five4 ,y ne$n't h buff]+ by way ( y\r pr9t]4 ,"s programs1 su* z ,^w ,p]fect1 ev5 let y 8s*$ule0 sev]al pr9t+ jobs f diff]5t docum5ts on y\r disk :ile y're /ill writ+4 ,big ,blue's ,quiet ,"o ,d y ne$ a quiet pr9t] t w turn out typewrit]-l "w b won't co/ z mu* z a las]-/yle ma*9e8 ,!n y might consid] ! ,,ibm ,quietwrit] pr9t] or ! inevitable clones t w foll[4 ,x uses a new k9d ( !rmal-transf] process--heat+ ! ink s x goes on ! pap] )\t ! ribbon actually t\*+4 ,! ,quietwrit] doesn't ne$ special pap]4 ,its s\nd is a polite swi%4 ,& its pr9t looks typewrit]-%>p4 ,,ibm introduc$ ! ,quietwrit] at ar\nd #a1djj--less ?an half ( :at ! *eape/ las] pr9t]s 7 sell+ = 9 late #aihd 7n t !y ar5't com+ d[n 9 price too74 ,grant$1 drawbacks exi/ ,! ,quietwrit]'s spe$ isn't z fa/ z a las] pr9t]'s--effectively a m]e #be *>act]s p] second if y use ,pica-siz$ type4 ,also1 ! ,quietwrit]'s ink doesn't s9k into ! pap] z ) "s typewrit]s or daisy:eels2 y\r "w might lack ! feel ( a traditionally typ$ docum5t4 ,& because ! ink is erasable1 y %\ldn't use a ,quietwrit] = legal pap]s4 ,x won't make c>bons4 ,moreov]1 ! te*nology is unprov5--at lea/ to me z ,i write ?is4 ,ask me aga9 :5 ! ma*9e's be5 out long en\gh = ! lemon-own]s to fire (f blurr$ lett]s ( compla9t to ,info,world4 ,j ! same1 ,quietwrit]-/yle ma*9es are well wor? inve/igat+4 ,hats (f to ,big ,blue on ?is "o4 ,,backup ,,iii ,! ,lucky #ac3 ,:at to ,look = 9 ,*oos+ ,s(tw>e ,a fri5d w>n$ me3 ,don't wat] d[n y\r s(tw>e advice ) 8,9 my op9ion0-type phrases & o!r h$ges4 8,t's h[ x seems to me1 anyway10 he jok$4 ,well1 ,rick1 ,i'm sorry4 ,j z a critic once call$ ,citiz5 ,kane 8a %all[ ma/]piece10 ,i'll qualify my en?usiasm = ,word,star4 ,i'll be a responsible zealot4 ,anyway1 ,i l ,word,star en\gh to use x to help expla9 ! ,lucky #ac--my g5]al crit]ia = judg+ s(tw>e4 ,,abs5ce ,,( ,,bugs ,programs are l p4 8,mature0 s(tw>e is m reliable4 ,x's m l a tri$-&-te/$ salesman or secret>y1 less risky1 say1 ?an a gre5 employee hir$ (f ! /reet4 ,a complex creation l ,word,star1 ) its ?\s&s ( l9es ( in/ructions = y\r comput]1 won't ev] be #ajj-p]c5t glit*less4 ,b x's close4 ,micro,pro1 ! company sell+ x1 normally te/s its programs well be=e unlea%+ !m on ! m>ket1 & ,word,star has be5 ar\nd s9ce ! late #aigjs1 giv+ o!rs ! pleasure ( suff]+ bugs be=e y h a *ance4 ,:y %\ld y pay = a s(tw>e mak]'s education8 ,n t y %\ld always buy 8mature0 programs4 ,sometimes a new] "o looks s promis+ t y might want to gamble4 ,,g5]al ,,ease ,,( ,,use ,word,star's easy = _m p--n all b _m--to le>n & use4 ,ar?ur ,cl>ke pick$ up ! ,a,b,cs ( ,word,star 9 days4 ,a public relations woman at ,micro,pro ,int]national says %e 0 do+ s]i\s "w ) ,word,star ! fir/ day %e us$ x4 ,i believe h]4 ,my fri5d ,mi*ael ,canyes expla9$ ! basics to me on ! phone2 b my ma9 tra9+ 0 j hang+ ar\nd comput] /ores & try+ out ,osbornes1 :i* includ$ ,word,star z "p ( ! /&>d package4 ,word,star ex]cise books exi/1 ! comput] v]sion ( typ+ ones1 b = me !y w\ld h be5 a wa/e ( "t4 ,i 0 too eag] to get to "w ) my new s(tw>e4 ,a millionaire swe>s by ,word,star2 he has f\r secret>ies deftly runn+ x on ,kaypros4 ,a fifte5-ye>-old ,i "k--sm>t1 ?\gh n a prodigy--does 8 homework on ,word,star1 & ! son ( ,micro,pro's f\nd] le>n$ x at age t54 ,yes1 ,i've he>d ,word,star horror /ories4 ,y're n dim-witt$ if ,word,star doesn't come z easily to y z to me4 ,oddly1 ,i f\nd ,select--ballyhoo$ z a beg9n]'s ^w processor--to be m ( a puzzle4 ,oh1 well4 ,"o p]son's dream s(tw>e may be ano!r's kludge4 ,keep 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t y mu/ (t5 suff] trade-(fs betwe5 eas9ess1 spe$1 p[]1 & v]satility4 ,al?\gh ,word,star might n give y in/ant gratification1 its spe$ & p[] may ju/ify ! /ruggle4 ,ditto = "s ( ! be/ spread%eets & o!r s(tw>e categories4 ,! big "q is1 ,h[ mu* ^w process+ or spread%eet+1 or :atev]1 d y d8 ,n mu*8 ,!n place ease ( le>n+ ahead ( spe$4 ,ideally1 ?\gh1 a program w give y bo?4 ,micro,pro has tri$ especially h>d to d ?is ) ,word,star #bjjj1 an improvem5t ov] ,word,star 9 le>nability4 ,l ne>ly any p[]ful program1 h[ev]1 #bjjj /ill takes practice to get up to full spe$ on4 ,:e!r y're buy+ a ^w-process+ program or an acc\nt+ "o1 look = s(tw>e ) logical comm&s4 ,word,star1 9 ?is way1 triumphs4 ,consid] ! fam\s ,,sexd diamond t y use ) ! ,control key4 ,s is ! diamond's leftmo/ key2 x w move y\r cursor ov] "o space 9 t direction4 ,e is ! upp]mo/ key & inde$ moves y up4 ,x1 ! diamond's l[] po9t1 takes y a space d[n4 ,rob ,b>naby1 9 %ort1 has done a sup]b job ( lett+ me get f place to place on ! scre54 ,y may disagree viol5tly4 ,f9e4 ,s(tw>e is p]sonal4 ,y're lett+ a /rang]--! writ] ( ! program y use--influ5ce y\r work+ habits4 ,ideally1 h[ev]1 ! writ]'s logic & y\rs w be ! same1 s t1 9 ! end1 ! /rang] becomes a fri5d4 ,he might be ?\s&s ( miles away4 ,he might ev5 be dead4 ,or y might loa! him if y meet him 9 p]son r ?an on y\r disk4 ,b 9 runn+ 8 program1 y /ill get ! feel+ ,hold5 ,caulfield got 9 ,cat*] 9 ! ,rye3 y want to call up ! au?or aft] he's done su* a f9e job4 ,hold5 0 talk+ ab\t noveli/s4 ,i'm talk+ ab\t programm]s4 ,ideally1 !y'll t\* y\r bra9 ! way ,hold5's lit]>y h]oes t\*$ 8 he>t4 ,,good ,,docum5tation ,p say ,word,star's manual n[adays is bett] ?an ! pa/ ones1 :i* ,p]sonal ,s(tw>e lik5$ to 8! ,russian-language v]sion ( ,w> & ,peace40 ,don't memorize ev5 ! improv$ manual1 h[ev]4 ,home 9 on ,micro,pro's simple li/ ( ,word,star comm&s1 a %eet small] ?an a re/aurant m5u ) :i* ,i le>n$ ! basics4 ,my ,word,star v]sion also includ$ a spiral-b\nd book ) ex]cises simil> to a typ+ guide1 b ,i didn't get lo/ 9 !m4 ,i 0 too eag] to get on ) my real "w ) ,word,star4 ,!re's "o o!r res\rce n[adays--a tutorial disk1 :i*1 because x came only 9 an ,,ibm-/yle v]sion1 ,i hadn't tri$ z ( ?is writ+4 ,normally1 h[ev]1 ,i absorb new wisdom bett] ! old-fa%ion$ way3 via b\nd pap]4 ,m ?an tw5ty books on ,word,star exi/--maybe because ( ! old manuals' fail+s--& "o ( ! bett] guides is ,ar?ur ,naiman's ,introduction to ,word,star4 ,publi%$ by ,sybex ,comput] ,books1 ,b]keley1 ,cali=nia1 x's g5]ally z intellig5t & helpful z ! program itself4#aja ,footnote #aja3 ,ironically1 ,naiman wrote ,introduction to ,word,star ) ano!r program1 ,,write1 ! creation ( a fri5d ( 81 & ,word,star itself is f> f 8 favorite ^w processor4 ,he comp>es x to a big ,cadillac or camp] load$ ) too _m features4 ,my ?9k+ is diff]5t2 ,i want to h _m to *oose f2 ,i'll gladly ignore ! o!rs4 ,rememb] ! basic crit]ia = evaluat+ manuals ( any k9d1 factory suppli$ or n3 #a4 ,! g5]al logic ( ! manual4 ,! au?or %\ld h writt5 x f y\r viewpo9t1 n 8--f ! viewpo9t ( :at y d ) ! program1 n h[ ! programm] cod$ x4 ,ideally1 y'll f9d descriptions ( relat$ comm&s 9 ! same *apt]4 #b4 ,! quality ( ! index4 ,i'll *>itably assume x's !re to beg9 )4 ,x %\ld li/ ev5 ! mo/ obscure comm&s--tell+ on :at pages y'll f9d !m4 #c4 ,simplicity ( vocabul>y & s5t5ce /ructure4 ,a manual %\ldn't impress2 x %\ld tea*4 ,,usefulness ,,to ,,old ,,pros ,,& ,,beg9n]s ,,alike ,word,star adju/s to diff]5t levels ( skill4 ,y h "s m5us to guide y1 to help y decide1 say1 :e!r y want to pr9t or see mat]ial y've already writt54 ,b mo/ ( ! "t y won't ne$ m5us dur+ composition4 ,n aft] y're exp]i5c$1 anyway4 ,"s rival ^w-process+ programs h m5us t bog ev]yone d[n1 beg9n]s & old pros4 ,b n ,word,star4 ,x has f\r 8,help0 levels1 includ+ "o t keeps messages con/antly on ! scre5 to guide y4 ,b y c zap all ?is once y're a ,word,star pro4 ,word,star is only z 8fri5dly0 to y z y want x to be4 ,x isn't l a puppy leap+ up on y & lick+ y\r face at ! wrong "t4 ,,spe$ ,word,star lets y d y\r job 9 a hurry4 ,well1 basically4 ,if y're j turn+ out %ort bus9ess lett]s1 = in/ance1 & don't want to /ore !m on y\r disk1 try some?+ else4 ,word,star makes y electronically save y\r words !re be=e y c pr9t any?+4 ,& t takes "t4 ,= swapp+ words ar\nd1 h[ev]1 = additions or deletions1 few programs c\ld surpass ?is "o4 ,7 ,i writ+ long sales pamphlets or annual reports1 ,word,star w\ld be my *oice4 ,n[1 ,i'll qualify my 8spe$y0 v]dict4 ,word,star w sl[ y d[n :5 y\r comput] has to rea* in/ructions t ! program hasn't already s5t on to ! ,,ram--! tempor>y memory4 ,t means a "t-consum+ electronic trip to y\r floppy disk4 ,also1 if y type 9 a c]ta9 am\nt ( mat]ial1 ,word,star w automatically lock "s ( x on a disk if ! ,,ram is runn+ out ( room4 ,word,star is a disk-bas$ r ?an a ,,ram-bas$ ^w processor4 ,t has its virtues1 h[ev]1 s9ce1 by f>m+ out ! runov] to a floppy1 ,word,star lets y "w ) long] files4 ,"s ,,ram-bas$ programs may limit ea* docum5t to only #ae or #bj pages 9 _m comput]s unless y electronically splice !m toge!r4 ,altoge!r1 ,i'd say t ,word,star1 evaluat$ z a disk-bas$1 fully featur$ ^w processor1 is fa/4 ,& new wr9kles l h>d disks w make x run /ill fa/]1 ev5 )\t ! spe$ improvem5ts t v likely w come4 ,micro,pro1 9 fact1 recomm5ds h>d disks = us]s ( ,word,star #bjjj1 ev5 if x w run ) two floppies4 ,v soon mo/ (fice micros w conta9 h>d disks4 ,,p[] ,word,star is p[]ful4 ,y c1 = in/ance1 type 80 in/ead ( a long "n us$ commonly 9 y\r "w4 ,!n1 :5 y're ready1 y c plug ! "n 9 :]e ! 80 appe>s4 ,?is se>*-&-replace feature is common to e advanc$ ^w-process+ program2 b ,word,star implem5ts x bett] ?an _m rivals4 ,y c also use x ) an accessory program1 ,mail,merge1 s y c type a li/ ( names & addresses j once1 !n automatically plug !m into ! "r spaces 9 a =m lett]4 ,only1 x's individually typ$1 s p ne$n't "k !y're gett+ a =m lett]4 ,( c\rse1 8p[]0 isn't a virtue j 9 ^w process+4 ,! be/ electronic fil+ cab9ets1 = in/ance1 boa/ clev] wr9kles to make x easi] = y to ent] new categories ( in=mation or to *ange individual records4 ,consid] ?is /ory1 :i* is true1 ab\t a report] :om an editor 0 on ! v]ge ( fir+4 ,! sev]ance pay 0 ready4 ,! editor *ang$ 8 m9d at ! la/ m9ute1 h[ev]1 & ! f9al *eck /ay$ 9 8 desk4 ,!n1 n long aft]1 ! pap]'s auditor /orm$ into ! city room4 8,:y didn't y fire ! son ( a bit*80 he ask$4 8,n[ we'll h to sp5d all ?is "t /raight5+ out ! records40 ,_h ! pap] _h a good1 p[]ful electronic fil+ sy/em1 ! nonfir+ w\ld h be5 a little less traumatic to ! auditor4 ,,few] ,,*ances ,,= ,,bot*-,,ups ,word,star limits ! *ances = c>eless errors 9 ! fir/ place4 ,:ile y're work+ on a file1 = in/ance1 y c use ! ,control-,,kj comm& to delete ev]y?+ b ! docum5t y're 9 ! middle (4 ,grant$1 ,word,star isn't p]fect4 ,ar?ur ,cl>ke1 = in/ance1 compla9s mildly ( ! und]l9+ proc$ure4 ,if he turns on ! und]l9+1 he'll occasionally =get to turn x (f1 mean+ t1 unwitt+ly1 he'll und]l9e ev]y?+ t foll[s4 ,word,star #bjjj corrects ?is problem by %[+ y true und]l9es on ! scre51 n j symbols at ! beg9n+ & ends ( ! und]l9+4 ,9 record-keep+ programs1 especially1 ! anti-bot*-up features c be real lifesav]s4 ,"o te*nique is to limit ! range ( numb]s ent]$4 ,an elem5t>y s*ool1 = example1 might gu>d aga9/ typ+ errors 9 new files %[+ pupils' bir? dates4 ,! comput] might !n fla% its skepticism if a cl]k said a fir/ grad] 0 born m ?an six ye>s ago4 ,,! ,,jewi%-,,uncle ,,effect ,)\t bogg+ y d[n1 ,word,star lets y reconsid] "s dra/ic actions4 ,suppose y're ab\t to erase an entire file2 t is1 a :ole docum5t t y've work$ on3 say1 a lett] or a sales report4 ,if y press ! control key & ! lett]s 8,k0 & 8,j10 ,word,star won't act imm$iately4 ,in/ead1 x w ask1 8,"n ( ,file to ,delete80 ,y c ev5 get out ( mo/ comm&s be=e !y're execut$4 ,x's simple4 ,j hit ! 8,control0 & 8,u0 buttons1 !n ! 8,escape0 "o4 ,word,star1 9 %ort1 is good = ! ho!ad$4 ,y feel z if ,seym\r ,rub9/e9--! ,micro,pro f\nd]--is wat*+ ov] y l "s k9dly1 protective ,jewi% uncle4 ,a good record-keep+ program w\ld react simil>ly if y 7 ab\t to erase #h million names4 ,a payroll program might inquire m ?an once if y want$ to regi/] ! fir+ ( five hundr$ p4 ,a spread%eet program c\ld ask if y really want$ to wipe out doz5s ( numb]s t y'd ent]$4 ,a graphics package1 ideally1 w\ld d likewise if y 7 ab\t to erase an electronic equival5t ( ! ,mona ,lisa4 ,"s programs1 9 addition to say+ y're mess+ up1 w (f] y alt]native c\rses ( action4 ,! old] ,word,star isn't z advanc$ z "s o!r programs 9 ?is respect4 ,b normally ! error messages are self-explanatory & ! corrections obvi\s4 ,,damage ,,limitation ,word,star limits ! damage if y or y\r ma*9e go(s 9 a big way4 ,x r>ely s5ds y back to ! op]at+ sy/em ( y\r comput]4 ,:at's m fru/rat+ ?an gett+1 say1 an ,a prompt--! comput] equival5t (1 8,buddy1 y're back at squ>e "o08 ,!n y'll h to re5t] y\r "w4 ,word,star #bjjj corrects "o feature miss+ f ! orig9al program4 ,pla9 old ,word,star doesn't let y delete a p>agraph1 !n re/ore x )\t zapp+ o!r *anges y made s9ce y la/ sav$ y\r "w on y\r disk4 ,t is1 !re's no yank-back feature to undo erasures or o!r rec5t modifications4 ,b ev5 ! old] ,word,star makes an electronic equival5t ( a c>bon copy1 a backup file--mean+ t y're probably /ill 9 bus9ess if a glit* de/roys ! orig9al4 ,uncle ,seym\r makes y ?9k twice1 lit]ally1 be=e y erase :ole files4 ,! old saw ( ! comput] trade1 h[ev]1 w always apply1 no matt] :at ! program3 8,g>bage 91 g>bage out0--8,,gigo40 ,b]5ice ,h(fman1 my lit]>y ag5t1 really rubb$ t 94 ,i'm ! type ^: lett]s & *ecks take a little "t to adju/ to a new ye>4 8,= y\r records1 if y keep c>bons10 ,b]5ice repli$ to "o note1 8y might want to *ange ! date to #aihc--;didn't ! comput] tell y80 ,! be/ programs 9 ! _w c't detect su* mi/akes4 ,b wait2 ,i j rememb]$4 ,! fanci] comput]s h electronic clocks t pot5tially c\ld w>n y if ! wrong date appe>$ :5 y 7 work+ ) a correspond5ce =mat4 ,,aft]-,,!-,,go( ,,fe$back ,word,star also provides ano!r s]vice--(f]+ error messages tell+ y :at w5t wrong4 ,x isn't p]fect4 ,sometimes y may see comb9ations ( lett]s & numb]s1 mean+less to someone )\t a manual4 ,b normally ,word,star is helpful4 ,say y want to use two m>k]s--"o at ! />t & "o at ! end--to designate mat]ial to be mov$ to ano!r "p ( ! docum5t4 ,word,star w tell y if y =get to type out ei!r "o4 ,ideally1 programs n only w (f] y a diagnosis aft] ! go( b also a solution4 ,al?\gh ,word,star isn't z advanc$ z "s programs 9 ?is respect1 x's v adequate = ! exp]i5c$ us]4 ,,ability ,,to ,,cu/omize ,i adapt$ my ,word,star to ! requirem5ts ( a writ]4 ,editors normally don't l hyph5at$ copy1 s n[ ,word,star's 8hyph5 help10 :i* sugge/s possible hyph5 breaks1 is an optional feature in/ead ( a normal "o4 ,no long] ne$ ,i turn x (f ) special comm&s4 ,word,star provides a m5u 9 ! in/allation program t makes x easy = y to *ange normal defaults--! sett+s t y\r s(tw>e w h be=e y t9k] ) x4 ,! m5u doesn't cov] e possibility4 ,b y c v>y m>g9s & _m o!r important details1 & once y're exp]i5c$1 y c d a pat*--a modification 9 ! program--to *ange o!r ?+s4 ,if y're a novice buy+ f a full-s]vice comput] /ore1 ask x to set up y\r ,word,star4 ,bett] /ill1 try to dope x out y\rself s y make y\r own *anges 9 ! future4 ,y might get guidance f a us]s' gr\p4 ,likewise1 y might t9k] ) a communications program to make x "w bett] ) ! comput]s y plan to use & talk to4 ,or y might set up a record-keep+ program to *eck automatically ! accuracy ( in=mation f$ into x4 ,,accessory ,,programs ,word,star w "w ) a v>iety ( accessory programs int5d$ especially = x--ev]y?+ rang+ f electronic !sauruses to spell+ *eck]s1 ^w c\nt]s1 footnot]s1 & a communications program4 ,"s ^w processors1 acc\nt+ packages1 o!r s(tw>e1 include all ! functions y'd ne$4 ,o!rs require y to buy ! accessory programs4 ,t's n always bad4 ,:y bo!r to pay = a diction>y if y're a p]fect spell]8 ,j make sure--be=e y buy--t ! orig9al s(tw>e ei!r includes good accessory programs or w "w ) !m4 ,"s outside companies' accessory programs1 by ! way1 may be sup]ior to ^? f ! ma9 s(tw>e's manufactur]4 ,,support ,,f ,,! ,,manufactur] ,!re is "o plus t ,i wi% ,i c\ld h includ$ 9 my praise ( ,word,star--good support f ! manufactur]4 ,don't c\nt on x4 ,9 ! area ( guidance & tr\ble%oot+ f ! manufactur]1 ,word,star on occasion hasn't ev5 be5 adequate4 ,call+ z a prospective cu/om]1 ,i c\ldn't f9d out if ,word,star 9 a ,x]ox #hbj =mat w\ld run smoo?ly on my ,kaypro4 ,! company took d[n my message1 !n mail$ me lit]ature t didn't answ] my "q4 ,a ,cali=nia man phon$ ,micro,pro ) a problem involv+ ,data,star1 a si/] program ( ,word,star t eases record keep+4 8,we d n h "t to correct ! programm+ t results 9 ?is quirk10 he he>d4 ,he compla9$ to ,info,world t ,micro,pro 8has "s really elegant program tools b no inkl+ z to ! mean+ ( cu/om] support40 ,likewise1 ! head ( a ,micro,pro us]s gr\p 9 ,new ,york told ! magaz9e t 8fully half ( ! p :o call$ me to jo9 imm$iately pres5t$ me ) a problem !y 7 hav+40 ,= a :ile--,i don't "k :at x'll be l :5 y're read+ ?is book--,micro,pro wasn't ev5 reply+ to mo/ cu/om]s' que/ions on ! phone2 ?is suppos$ly 0 ! deal]s' job4 ,& :ile ,rub9/e9's company inde$ sells a ,m]c$es ( a program1 "s comput] /ores ar5't up to fix+ ! w9d%ield wip]s4 ,ideally1 s(tw>e manufactur]s l ,micro,pro w n only (f] te*nical support b also #hjj numb]s s y won't be on hold = tw5ty m9utes1 rack+ up a =midable long-di/ance bill4 ,,backup ,,iv ,on ! ,evolution ( ,s(tw>e 7,& a 8,p]fect] & ,p]fect]0 ,program7 ,m>y ,mat!ws1 a gift$ writ]-editor 9 ,*evy ,*ase1 ,m>yl&1 favors a ,word,star rival call$ ,p]fect ,writ]4 8,:at a conceit$ program10 ,i say4 8,word,star's a d9osaur10 %e %oots back4 ,9 late #aihd we bo? tri$ new v]sions ( our pet s(tw>e 7actually ,word,star #bjjj is m ( a successor71 & :ile def5d+ !m1 we h>bor res]vations4 ,fir/ ! basics4 ,i myself pref] a program l ,word,star ,v]sion #c4c1 :i* is 9 ! 8get-:at-y-see0 tradition & %[s y\r copy on scre5 almo/ exactly z x w be pr9t$4 ,b ,m>y makes a good argum5t = a rival ) a diff]5t philosophy4 ,word,star #bjjj 9 fact helps h] case4 ,x n[ has _m ( ! features t h] de> ,p]fect ,writ] came out ) fir/1 includ+ split scre5s4 ,int]e/+ly1 h[ev]1 ! new ,p]fect is m useful to ! 8get-:at-y-see0 cr[d ?an is ! old] v]sion1 :ile ,word,star #bjjj is less get :at y see 9 an important way ?an #c4c is4 ,at lea/ t's true ( ! ,word,star #bjjj preview$ to deal]s4 ,dur+ a demo1 anyh[1 a ,micro,pro employee c\ldn't coax #bjjj into display+ d\ble-spac+ conv5i5tly on scre5 ev5 ?\gh we c\ld h d\ble-spac$ on pap]4 ,:]e does ! increas+ resemblance betwe5 ,p]fect ,writ] & ! ,word,star family fit 9 ! cosmic s*eme8 ,i'll recklessly g5]alize3 ,! ^w processors ( ! _w are becom+ l refrig]ators2 all ! deluxe models w h ! equival5ts ( automatic defro/]s & ice mak]s & butt] w>m]s & lettuce crisp]s4 ,m ( ! new wr9kles w be m>g9al4 ,& ! surviv+ companies w be ! ones t c expla9 & exploit ! diff]5ces & support _! cu/om]s ! be/4 ,n ev]yone likes butt] w>m]s4 ,z not$ be=e1 ,word,star #bjjj isn't an unalloy$ improvem5t = me1 & ! 8p]fect]0 ,p]fect 9 "s ways disappo9ts ,m>y4 ,! old] ,word,star lets y move to ! left ( a l9e ) ! comb9ation ( ! ,control key & ! lett]s ,q & ,s or ,control-,,qs4 ,a t\* typi/ c\ld d ?is almo/ in/antly4 ,word,star #bjjj1 on ! o!r h&1 uses ,control-,,cl4 ,,cl /&s = 8cursor left10 ,,cr = 8cursor "r10 & mnemonic comm&s l ^? are inde$ easi] to keep 9 y\r head1 especially if y use a program only occasionally4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! new /rokes are h>d] = a t\* typi/--?is "o1 anyway4 ,likewise1 ,m>y wi%es t ,p]fect ,writ]'s new comm&s 7 a bit m logical1 especially to old ,p]fect ,writ] h&s4 ,conclud+1 ,m>y says ,p]fect ,writ] us]s ) #fd,k ma*9es %\ldn't junk !m to buy m p[]ful comput]s j to run ! new v]sion4 ,my ?9k+ is basically ! same ab\t ,word,star #bjjj v]sus ,word,star #c4c4 ,! old] program isn't z good z #bjjj 9 "s cases2 = in/ance1 :5 y c\ld use built-9 memo =mat to make tempor>y employees m productive4 ,b #c4c is /ill t]rific = p )\t su* ne$s1 & ,i'll ?9k long & h>d be=e ,i myself *ange4 ,m>y's impressions & m9e are typical ( _m vet]an us]s ( s(tw>e :o c't /oma* features add$ = novices4 ,%e's #ajj p]c5t "r except :5 we disagree4 ,z 8ho/10 ,i won't rebut h] 9 ! places bel[ :]e we d4 ,"h's :at %e s5t ov] ! phone via h] ,kaypro ,,ii3 ,someh[1 ,i'm n sure h[1 ,i've gott5 to be en\gh ( an au?ority on ,p]fect ,writ]--! 8old0 ,p]fect ,writ]1 t is1 ! "o releas$ 9 ,june #aihc--t /rang]s call me up & say t a comput] salesman some:]e told !m ,i 0 ! ,sibyl :o c\ld answ] _! que/ions ) a local in/ead ( a long-di/ance phone call4 ,luckily1 ! que/ions usually run 9 ! 8,h[ ! heck d y d ,x80 ve91 or ,i might h to reveal t ,i'm only a good-he>t$ writ]4 ,n[ ! ,p]fect ,writ] p h releas$ a br&-new v]sion ( _! already p[]ful program1 & ,i ?9k ,i'm 9 tr\ble4 ,! new1 revis$ v]sion ( ,p]fect incorporates "s radical *anges--sweep+ en\gh to dem& #abh,k ( ,,ram 7& ,,ibm ,,pc ,,dos7 to op]ate4 7,actually1 aft] claim+ t ! new ,p]fect c edit docum5ts ( up to #ajj pages1 ! manual /ates t 8) #fd,k ( ,,ram y w be able to edit docum5ts ab\t #e pages long10 s ,i assume t ! new ,p]fect takes up ab\t #ef,k ( ,,ram--n be+ famili> ) ! ,,pc's way ( juggl+ numb]s1 ,i c't tell exactly47 ,i'm 9 tr\ble because ,i won't be ! reign+ ,sibyl anymore unless ,i c figure out h[ to buy a ,,pc-compatible comput] ) a dec5t keybo>d 7mo/ ,,pc keybo>ds are horrid7 & /ill d ?+s l pay bills & buy ! occasional loaf ( bread & jug ( w9e4 ,! mo/ radical ( ! *anges is t ! new ,p]fect ,writ] n[ uses :at x calls 8pop-up comm& m5us0 dur+ edit+4 ,:5 y hit ! ,escape key1 a small 7ab\t "o-twelf? ( ! scre57 8top m5u0 w sup]impose itself ov] y\r text1 z close to y\r cursor z possible1 ?ree *>act]s away to ! left or "r4 ,x li/s y\r *oices = subsidi>y m5us1 :i* ev5tually lead y to ! comm& y want4 ,ne>ly e comm& has be5 *ang$1 s t ^? ( u :o are us$ to ! old ,p]fect ,writ] mu/ le>n ! edit+ comm&s all ov] aga94 ,! new manual 7hat]s ( ! old "o w be glad to le>n t ! index is n[ at ! back :]e x belongs & ^? fru/rat+ ,roman num]als are gone7 expla9s ) a /raight face t ! pop-up m5us exi/ s t y 8don't h to memorize comm& sequ5ces40 ,( c\rse1 if y plan to use ,p]fect ,writ] m ?an once a ye> or s1 y're go+ to memorize ! comm&s1 anyway2 & s1 z ! manual airily says1 ! ,control key does ev]y?+ ! ,escape key does1 id5tically2 ! only diff]5ce is t y 8bypass0 ! top m5u--because1 x says1 y ar5't always go+ to want to see x4 ,m9d y1 if y use ! ,control key1 y'll see e m5u b ! top m5u1 anyway4 ,is ?is en\gh reason to *ange all ! comm&s b "o--to bypass "o m5u8 ,to me1 ?is is n an improvem5t ov] ! old ,p]fect ,writ]--n unless y actually l add$ key/rokes4 ,all ! old two- & ?ree-key/roke comm&s are n[ ?ree-key/roke comm&s at lea/1 & (t5 f\r or five4 ,?is is progress8 ,! new ,p]fect ,writ] has inde$ tak5 pity on u & assign$ to ! ,,pc's function keys tw5ty frequ5tly us$ comm&s1 s t if1 = example1 y don't feel l key/rok+ ,escape-,,ds-,c>riage-,return to save y\r docum5t & cont9ue work+ on x 7,control-,x-,control-,s 9 ! old ,,pw71 y c key/roke ,,%ift-,function ,key #i-;,c>riage ,return4 ,:oopee4 ,let u n c>p too mu* ab\t :at /rikes me z suspici\sly simil> to kludge1 s9ce ! new ,p]fect ,writ] is z fa/ or fa/] ?an ! old ,p]fect ,writ]4 ,we're probably only talk+ ab\t a few microseconds1 m9d y1 b x /ill seems to me t ! execution ( ,p]fect's new comm&s is usually close to in/antane\s4 ,?is is a ?+ to m>vel at :5 y comp>e ,p]fect ,writ] to ,word,star #c4c1 :]e unless y h a specially spe$$-up v]sion ) specially reassign$ comm& keys & f+]s ) a lightn+-fa/ t\*1 x takes =ev] to execute c]ta9 comm&s 7well1 t5 or tw5ty seconds7 & p]ceptible "t 7say1 "o or two seconds7 ev5 if y d h ! spe$4 ,b ,i /ill say ! #ej1 #ajj1 or #bjj p]c5t additional key/rokes are a pa9 9 ! y "k :]e4 ,! program may be fa/]1 b ! human be+ is n[ #ej1 #ajj1 or #bjj p]c5t sl[]4 ,"o improvem5t 9 p>ticul> is "o to run ?r\gh ! /reets s++ ab\t3 ,p]fect ,=matt] has be5 incorporat$ into ,p]fect ,pr9t] 9 ! ma9 m5u 7inexplicably r5am$ 8,,psi071 & ! two ( !m toge!r are approximately a million times fa/] ?an !y us$ to be4 ,?ank y1 ,p]fect ,writ]6 ,= a c\ple ( ye>s n[1 ,i h be5 us+ ,p]fect = ! long1 complicat$ projects1 l books1 t dem& p[]ful edit+ capabilities & ,p]fect's special /r5g?s--su* z split-scre5 edit+1 automatic footnot+1 automatic con/ruction ( a table ( cont5ts1 etc4 ,= %ort] ?+s1 l p]sonal lett]s1 ,i've be5 us+ ,word,star1 = its :at-y-see-is-:at-y-get scre54 ,! ma9 fail+ ( ! old ,p]fect 0 :e!r or n y 7 us+ ! docum5t design capabilities1 y _h v little idea ( :at ! f9al product 0 go+ to look l4 7,! ma9 fail+ ( ,word,star1 :i* z f> z ,i'm conc]n$ has be5 a d9osaur = sev]al ye>s n[1 is t x c't d half ( :at ,p]fect c--& x does x sl[ly1 too47 ,%\t 8hallelujah10 bro!rs & si/]s6 ,! new ,,ms-,,dos ,,pw all[s y to *oose betwe5 us+ its old 8 comm&s0 & hav+ :at-y-see-is-:at-y-get4 ,or y c mix ! two ( !m 7n t ,i "k :y anyone w\ld want to1 s9ce ) ! ,,pc ,i'm us+1 y c't tell :5 a ^w's be5 und]l9$74 ,y c n[ get on-scre5 ju/ification if y want x2 & if y want to und]l9e a s5t5ce1 y don't h to worry ab\t y\r on-scre5 ju/ification be+ ?r[n (f #d or #e *>act]s--y j position ! cursor 9 front ( ! mat]ial y want to und]l9e1 g to ! end ( x1 & tell ! ma*9e to und]l9e x4 ,! exact comm& sequ5ce = und]l9+ a s5t5ce is ,escape-,t-,b 7beg9 m>k+71 ,escape-,f-,s 7g to ! end ( ! s5t5ce71 ,escape-,a-,m-,u 7und]l9e ! m>k$ area74 ,?is looks l a lot ( "w1 especially comp>$ ) ! old ,,pw's ux1 until y /op & consid] :at ! same ?+ w\ld be 9 ,word,star4 ,suppose x's a t5-^w s5t5ce y want to und]l9e3 y'd g to ! />t ( ! s5t5ce & key/roke some?+ l ?is3 ,control-,p-,s1 ,control-,f1 ,control-,f1 ,control-,f1 ,control-,f1 ,control-,f1 ,control-,f1 ,backspace1 ,backspace1 ,control-,p-,s4 ,i'll break discipl9e & object to ,m>y's description ( ! ,word,star und]l9+ proc$ure4 ,y c\ld und]l9e a s5t5ce j by />t+ ) "o ,control-,p-,s & end+ x ) ano!r4 ,:at's ! big deal1 ,m>y8 ,y\r describ$ proc$ure w\ld apply only to mat]ial t y und]l9$ aft] y wrote x4 ,all ^? ,control-,fs d is make ! cursor jump a ^w ahead4 ,grrr6 ,!n aga91 maybe ,i'm simply a m decisive und]l9]4 ,i "k :at ,i want6 ,if no?+ else1 ?is little disagreem5t %[s h[ "w habits influ5ce *oices 9 ^w processors4 ,n only does ! new ,p]fect ,writ] h ! old ,p]fect's /r5g?s--split-scre5 edit+ ( up to sev5 docum5ts at a "t1 a zillion p[]ful edit+ comm&s1 /ill ano!r zillion p[]ful docum5t /ructur+ options--b x's add$ a few m j = fun4 ,= example3 ,! old ,p]fect all[$ y to delete f :]ev] ! cursor is to ! end ( :atev] s5t5ce y're 92 ! new "o lets y d t1 ( c\rse1 & also lets y cut to ! end ( :atev] p>agraph y're 9--or an entire p>agraph1 if y're at its beg9n+4 ,n[ y c delete n only ! next ^w ahead ( y\r cursor b also ! ^w beh9d x--a small ?+ b amaz+ly h&y4 ,y don't h to delete text be=e y copy x4 7,h[ev]1 ! process is m complicat$ ?an x us$ to be47 ,y c flu% "r mat]ial on scre5--useful = ! :at-y-see-is-:at-y-get feature4 ,y c m or less pag9ate on scre5--al?\gh ?is in/ruction is only good = ! :at-y-see-etc4 edit+2 x's useless = ! docum5t-design mode 7 comm&s74 ,y c use ! 8,se>*0 function to se>* n only ! docum5t y're work+ 9 n[ b any & all o!r docum5t files on y\r diskette4 ,?is /rikes me z amaz+ly h&y = edit+ multiple docum5ts :5 y c't rememb] :at ! "n ( ! o!r docum5t is or :]e ! ref]5ce is y're ?9k+ (4 ,= example1 suppose y're writ+ to ,joyce ,dav5port & y want to add a p>agraph f a lett] y wrote to ,james ,t4 ,kirk b y c't rememb] m ?an t x 0 ab\t arti*okes4 ,y w\ld invoke 8se>* docum5t02 ! prompt] !n asks y :at y're se>*+ =1 & y say1 8,arti*okes40 ,pretty soon y h a li/ ( ! docum5ts ! ^w 8arti*okes0 appe>s 91 & y c !n call up ! "o y want = multiple-docum5t edit+4 ,simil> to ?is is some?+ new ! ma9 m5u (f]s3 y c comp>e two files1 & ,p]fect ,writ] w %[ y _! diff]5ces--useful = comp>+ edit$ & un$it$ v]sions ( a report4 ,if y h a color monitor1 y c 8pa9t0 ! lett]s & backgr\nds ( ! up-to-sev5 files y're work+ on diff]5t colors 7eight backgr\nd & sixte5 lett] colors71 s z to tell !m ap>t4 ,= me1 ?is falls into ! 8:o c>es80 category1 b "s may l x2 & ,i h to admit1 y c get "s v pretty 7?\gh n always easy on ! eye7 comb9ations4 ,p]fect ,writ] n[ has ! pr9t+ option 8,end at page ,x40 ,%\t hallelujah1 bro!rs & si/]s6--! new ,p]fect at long la/ has caught up ) ! d9osaurs l ,word,star4 ,"s ( our old favorite docum5t-design comm&s h be5 r5am$1 usually = ! bett]4 ,& we h "o absolutely d&y new comm&3 ne$4 ne$ makes sure t !re's en\gh room left on ! page = a *>t or simil> mat]ial4 ,if y've j writt5 a #ae-l9e poem t c't be brok5 betwe5 pages1 imm$iately aft] ! la/ l9e ( y\r poem1 type 9 ne$#ae l9es2 if !re isn't go+ to be en\gh room on ! page1 y\r poem w automatically be 8=c$0 to ! foll[+ page4 ,hot diggety6 ,all is n completely rosy 9 ,p]fect l&4 ,! new ,p]fect has lo/ "s ( ! old ,p]fect's advantages4 ,= example1 ! old ,p]fect _h an automatic feature t told y :]e 9 y\r docum5t y 7--#ce p]c5t ( ! way ?r\gh1 or :atev]4 ,moreov]1 ! old ,p]fect _h a comm& t let y "k h[ long ! docum5t 0 9 t]ms ( bo? numb] ( l9es & numb] ( *>act]s1 & :]e y\r cursor 0 9 all ?is4 ,i've se>*$ ! new ,p]fect manual & hav5't be5 able to f9d any equival5t new comm&4 ,! close/ ,i've be5 able to come is a comm& t lets y "k only h[ _m *>act]s !re are 9 ! file1 n :]e y are1 or any?+ else2 & ! comm& isn't li/$ 9 ! index1 nor is !re any equival5t comm& t ,i c f9d4 ,great "w1 guys4 ,?is is :at ,i call a major fru/ration4 ,x's maybe bad programm+1 & x's c]ta9ly bad docum5tation4 ,! new manual is slightly bett] organiz$ ?an ! old "o1 b t's n say+ a lot4 ,i've r>ely be5 able to div9e ! new "n = ! old comm& 9 ! new manual1 & :5 ,i've f\nd x1 x's usually be5 by accid5t4 ,x w\ld h be5 an enorm\s s]vice if ! ,p]fect p _h put 9 "s sort ( comp>ison *>t = u old-,p]fect old pros4 ,l ! old ,p]fect1 ! new ,p]fect is v cavali] ab\t ! numb] ( spaces x leaves aft] a p]iod or colon2 sometimes x's ! two y typ$ 91 & sometimes x magically gets trans=m$ into "o4 ,! new ,p]fect goes ! old ,p]fect ?ree bett] & is r&omly cavali] ab\t ! numb] ( spaces x leaves beh9d a p]iod1 colon1 quotation m>k1 "q m>k1 & p>5!sis--n only delet+ spaces :]e y d want !m b also ins]t+ !m :]e y don't want !m4 ,in/ead ( mildly annoy+1 ?is quirk is n[ big-league annoy+4 ,may :oev] ?\ght x up & lik$ x s mu* he_/%e exp&$ x sp5d et]nity bru%+ gnats out ( 8_/h] face6 ,y /ill c't tell ! ,se>* feature to se>* = some?+ ,x numb] ( times4 ,= example1 if ?ree times y use ! ^w 8pi%to%0 & want to *ange x to 8nuts10 y c't tell ! se>*-&-replace feature to 8d ?is ?ree times0--z ) ! old ,p]fect1 y h to d x twice ) ! 8,ask me0 & !n 8,cancel0 ! ?ird "t & d x by h&1 or d x ?ree times & !n h ,p]fect se>* wa/efully ?r\gh ! re/ ( ! docum5t = some?+ y "k is n !re4 ,! new ,p]fect's pr9t+ m5u is bett] ?an ! "o ! old ,p]fect came ) b n ne>ly z good z ! m5u t ,david ,hite develop$ 9 #aihc = ! old ,p]fect ,writ]4 ,! only improvem5ts are ! 8comp>e0 feature m5tion$ e>li] & ! ability to /ep outside ,p]fect = a :ile into ,p]fect ,calc1 ,p]fect ,fil]1 or a telecommunications program--no?+ ,i'd write home ab\t4 ,we've lo/ ! 8"o ^w0 comm&--a s]i\s bl[ = ^? ( u :o us$ x to get ar\nd ,p]fect ,writ]'s cavali] treatm5t ( p]iods & colons4 ,?is comm& caus$ ! *>act]s plac$ )9 x to be consid]$ "o ^w1 s t ,p]fect ,fil] w\ldn't split c]ta9 words betwe5 l9es4 ,p]fect ,spell]1 :i* is n[ on ! same diskette ) ,p]fect ,writ]1 ,p]fect ,=matt]1 & ,p]fect ,pr9t]1 is mu* fa/] ?an x us$ to be4 ,alas1 x is j z /upid4 ,unlike bett] spell+ *eck]s1 ,p]fect ,spell] works on ! sy/em ( prefixes1 suffixes1 & roots4 ,9 o!r words1 if ! ^w 8*eck0 is an acceptable root1 !n 8*eck]0 & 8re*eck0 are acceptable4 ,s are 8*eckm5t0 & 8*eckation40 ,& l ! old ,p]fect ,spell]1 ! new ,p]fect ,spell] doesn't recognize its own vocabul>y--x qu]i$ words l 8blankl9e0 & 8ux10 :i* are ,p]fect ,writ] comm&s & ought rightly to be ignor$4 ,my recomm5dation is to get ,! ,,^w ,plus1 :i* c be r5am$ to be access$ z if x 7 ,p]fect ,spell] & :i* is f> sup]ior4 ,an int]e/+--,i don't say t]rific--addition to ! ,p]fect family is ,p]fect ,!saurus4 ,y sub/itute ! ,p]fect ,!saurus diskette = y\r docum5t diskette 9 drive ,b1 position ! cursor on ! ^w y want to look up1 type ,escape-,s-,t1 & ,p]fect ,!saurus *ecks its diction>y4 ,if ! ^w is !re1 y may sub/itute any ( ! synonyms = y\r orig9al ^w1 type 9 y\r own replacem5t1 or say 8=get x0 & g on to look = ano!r synonym4 ,! hype says t ,p]fect ,!saurus 8holds ne>ly #ej1jjj words 7entries plus synonyms740 ,! p>5!tical rem>k is ! key "o to home 9 on4 ,i ask$ ,p]fect ,!saurus to look up 8trans=m10 & x did2 "o ( ! synonyms x (f]$ 0 8metamorphose40 ,:5 ,i ask$ x to look up 8metamorphose10 x told me1 8,^w n f\nd40 7,p]fect ,!saurus has also nev] he>d ( 8fanatic10 8as99e10 8pop10 8airy10 8bypass10 8in/antane\s10 or 8%rug10 among ab\t fifte5 o!rs ( ! =ty-five words ,i tri$47 ,i'd e/imate t ! av]age numb] ( synonyms (f]$ = ea* ^w is betwe5 five & t5--if we compromise & say sev51 t's only #f1jjj or s words t ,p]fect ,!saurus c recognize4 ,moreov]1 ,p]fect ,!saurus c only look up fifte5 words be=e x />ts yell+1 8,no m m>ks10 & refuses to coop]ate any fur!r4 ,9 o!r words1 ,p]fect ,!saurus is a nice toy1 b ,i "q its usefulness = s]i\s writ]s4 ,hav+ a copy ( ,! ,synonym ,f9d] by y\r desk (f]s y ab\t a million words t y c recognize1 & is ab\t z fa/ to use4 ,! new ,p]fect ,writ] itself /ill has _m ( ! annoyances ( ! old ,p]fect ,writ]3 ,! automatic swapp+ feature /ill cuts 9 at inopportune mom5ts & makes y wait be=e y c cont9ue typ+ or execute a comm&4 ,x's n[ only "o second or s in/ead ( five seconds or s1 b x's /ill annoy+4 ,!re is /ill no automatic indicator %[+ :]e y are 9 y\r docum5t or h[ long x is1 a feature ( e o!r ^w-process+ program kn[n to humank9d4 ,y /ill c't cu/omize ! docum5t-design comm&s 7al?\gh x's usually possible to get ! look y want if y've us$ ,p]fect ,writ] = _m ye>s & "k "s tricks !y don't m5tion 9 ei!r ! old or ! new manuals7--if y want "s real cu/omization1 t\gh noogies4 ,y c /ill />t pr9t+ by ref]5c+ page & section numb]s1 b if y want to />t ) footnote #abe1 y're 9 = a major pa94 ,! new ,p]fect is m p[]ful ?an ! old "o1 b n by z mu* z its creators fondly ?9k4 ,aft] sp5d+ two days evaluat+ ! new ,p]fect = ?is article1 ,i w5t home & sp5t sev]al happy h\rs ) ! old ,p]fect4 ,oh1 ,i admit ,i ?\ght n[ & !n1 ,i wi% ,i c\ld cut to ! end ( ! p>agraph1 or1 ,i wi% ,i c\ld delete ! ^w beh9d ! cursor in/ead ( only ! ^w 9 front ( x--& ! old ,p]fect ,writ] is inde$ sl[] ?an ! new "o 7by maybe #e p]c5t87--b on ! :ole ,i f\nd ,i pref]r$ two key/rokes to five & ?ree key/rokes to six4 ,_m ( ! improvem5ts ( ! new ,p]fect ,writ] fall into ! category ( kludge3 lots ( fla%+ lights & r++ bells & *rome & rac+ /ripes & w[1 look at t da%bo>d6 ,p]fect ,writ] is /ill ! be/ ^w-process+ program ,i've ev] run across1 b = ^? ( y :o don't want to give up y\r #fd,k non-,,ibm ,p,cs1 don't worry3 y're n miss+ en\gh to make sp5d+ all t money wor?:ile4 ,,backup ,v 8#c-;,d0 ,v]sus ,mail-,ord] ,s(tw>e--& ,h[ to ,%op ,h[ to pick ! "r disk8 ,p l ,du/y ,p>k "k h[ to improve ! odds4 ,p>k 0 at ! top ( 8 class at a comput] s*ool1 work$ z a cu/om] support man at ,micro,pro1 !n jo9$ a mail-ord] h\se call$ #hjj ,s(tw>e 9 a simil> job4#ajb ,i phon$ him !re :5 my mail-ord] copy ( ,word,star didn't "w on my ma*9e4 ,x 0 a common indu/ry problem1 ?is incompatibility4 ,!oretically--:i* doesn't mean t mu*--my ,kaypro c\ld read disks 9 ! electronic =mat ( ! ,x]ox #hbj4 ,yet my ma*9e 9 ?is respect seem$ functionally illit]ate4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,s9ce writ+ ?is section1 ,i've le>n$ t ,p>k has left #hjj ,s(tw>e = ano!r company4 ,p>k told me on ! phone t _m o!r ,kaypro own]s 7 suff]+ simil> difficulties1 t if ne$ be he'd s5d me ano!r disk set up = my comput]4 ,/ep by /ep he w5t ov] ! ,word,star in/allation proc$ure ) me4 ,z x happ5$1 ,i succe$$ )\t him--by hav+ ,word,star electronically pip$ ov] to ! ,kaypro f ano!r ma*9e :5 my micro w\ldn't rea* ! disk4 ,p>k _h be5 ready ) pati5ce & empa?y4 ,i took x = grant$ t he w\ld sugge/ buy+ by mail 9 _m in/ances2 b :at advice1 bas$ on 8 ,micro,pro days & o!r exp]i5ces1 did he (f] ab\t buy+ 8#c-;,d10 z he call$ x--buy+ 9 ! fle% f a /ore1 9 o!r words8 8,! be/ place to g if y're buy+ s(tw>e retail10 he said1 8is to someone :o's do+ a tra9+ sem9> 9 ! same program y're buy+4 ,t way y've got x ac$1 because ! p]son :o's do+ ! class is go+ to "k ! program well4 8,y don't h to take ! class1 b at lea/ y "k t !re's somebody !re :o c\ld be ask$ a "q40 ,n t a deal] has to "k e wr9kle ( a program to tea* x4 ,b y've /ill got a head />t if y d *oose a /ore ) classes4 ,j be sure t ! in/ructor isn't a circuit rid]1 s to speak--t he isn't fly+ out ( t[n to ano!r /ore z soon z he completes a s]ies ( classes4 ,y want him ar\nd to answ] y\r que/ions lat] on4 ,?is pr9ciple w\ld especially hold true :5 buy+ s(tw>e f fran*is$ /ores4 ,"s /ores may be excell5t4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 z ,p>k po9t$ out1 8may be a bun* ( small bus9essm5 :o us$ to sell %oes & b\ght into a fran*ise at an exorbitant price40 ,(f]+1 obvi\sly1 a mail-ord] p]spective1 ,p>k said t ! comput]-/ore manag]s he knew didn't always "k _! s(tw>e l9es because !re 7 s _m products to keep track (4 8,x takes too mu* "t10 he said4 8,!re's too _m ?+s to d 9 a #c-;,d /ore to h&le t4 ,mo/ly y're %[+ p h>dw>e40 ,8 op9ions rang true4 ,try+ out ,word,star ) ,osbornes1 ,i'd run across sales reps :o c\ldn't %[ me h[ to make pr9t\ts ( ! lett]s on ! t9y black-&-:ite scre54 ,"s sales reps 7 8t]m9ally0 dumb4 ,o!rs 7 bright & helpful b too busy sell+ too _m ma*9es to pick up ! basics ( ,word,star & o!r heavy-duty programs4 ,word,star wasn't t h>d to ma/]1 h[ev]4 ,i wond]$ h[ /ores c\ld c\nsel cu/om]s if !y c\ldn't ev5 tra9 sales reps4 ,i ask$ ,p>k ab\t mail-ord] s(tw>e4 cro,pro10 he said1 8,i told p1 #8,don't buy by mail4 ,! deal]s are ! ones :o c answ] y\r que/ions4 ,y h a real1 live1 #c-;,d p]son4'0 ,micro,pro _h in/ruct$ ,p>k & five colleagues to try to duck ! "t-consum+ que/ions f bus9essm5 & o!rs us+ comput]s & to ref] !m back to _! deal]s4 ,& yet ,p>k & ! o!rs _h actually end$ up sp5d+ half _! "t respond+ to ! pleas ( 8end us]s40 ,& _m 7 ! cu/om]s ( mail-ord] h\ses4 ,b n[1 ,p>k said1 "s mail-ord] p 7 compet+ n only ) l[ prices b also ) te*nical support2 #hjj ,s(tw>e _h ev5 hir$ a s(tw>e guru f ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia at ,davis to evaluate programs x 0 go+ to sell & support4 ,i myself _h paid #bej = ,word,star1 or ab\t half ! #die li/ price2 h[ev]1 aft] talk+ to ,p>k1 ,i felt ,i 0 9 bett] h&s ?an ,i w\ld h be5 at ! typical comput] /ores ,i'd visit$4 ,i got ev]y?+ ,i paid =2 #hjj didn't pull any *eap tricks l s5d+ ! s(tw>e )\t a manual1 :i*1 9 fact1 "s mail-ord] h\ses may d4 ,?is isn't an endorsem5t ( #hjj ,s(tw>e4 ,x %[s1 ?\gh1 t at times y c successfully bypass ! wret*$ support & high prices t _m /ores inflict on s(tw>e %opp]s4 8,save by ord]+ "s s(tw>e by mail10 advises ,,cpa ,micro ,report1 8b only if ! package is easy to in/all & easy to use4 ,if y'll ne$ tra9+ be=e y c use x or if ! package mu/ be configur$ = a h>d disk1 buy ?r\gh y\r local deal]4 ,^w processors & spread%eets are examples ( s(tw>e y c safely buy ?r\gh ! mail4 ,g5]al acc\nt+1 cli5t write-up sy/ems & communications s(tw>e %\ld be pur*as$ ?r\gh a deal]40 ,x's good advice1 basically4 ,p>k says few p call him ab\t spread%eets1 t !y're easi] to unravel ?an _m programs4 ,s :at's ! mo/ tr\ble8 ,data bases1 sometimes4 8,b ^w processors def9itely take ! cake4 8,y've got to deal a lot ) special features on pr9t]s1 l boldfac+ & und]l9+ & :e!r ! s(tw>e w let !m "w "r10 ,p>k says4 ,he sugge/s ! obvi\s--t be=e buy+ new s(tw>e1 y f9d out h[ x w run ) y\r pr9t] & comput]4 ,( c\rse1 z /at$ e>li]1 y'll ideally select y\r h>dw>e aft] y've *os5 y\r g5]al range ( s(tw>e4 ,p>k says mo/ p don't fully 8realize ! implications0 ( ! s(tw>e !y're ord]+ 8because !y hav5't ?\ght ( x yet40 ,!re's ! old problem1 ( c\rse4 ,h[ d y "k y'll l ! s(tw>e until y've tri$ x at leisure8 ,& !n y normally c't get y\r money back4 ,be=e y ord] by mail1 give s]i\s ?\ght to ask+ someone locally = a 8#c-;,d0 demon/ration4 ,a v leisurely try\t1 9 fact1 is a good idea no matt] h[ y're buy+1 mail or 8#c-;,d10 & ideally y'll h someone ) y--a cl]k1 a secret>y1 anyone :o'll actually be us+ ! sy/em4 ,y might ev5 want to br+ along y\r acc\ntant or somebody else work+ ) ! in=mation t comes out ( y\r comput] sy/em4 ,at ! v lea/1 %[ him ! s(tw>e manual be=e y buy ! program4 ,don't take ! s(tw>e sell]'s ^w t ! s(tw>e w keep ! ,,irs or ! ,,sec happy4 ,in/ead1 tru/ ! acc\ntant or lawy] y use 9 y\r bus9ess4 ,if he's uncom=table ) comput]s1 ask him to recomm5d someone 9 8 pr(ession :om he c\ld "w )4 ,y don't h to fire him4 ,j get him ! backup he'll ne$4 ,a comput]wise acc\ntant1 = in/ance1 c tell y if a g5]al l$g] package has a good audit trail--a way to keep track ( :at 0 done on ! comput] sy/em to make ! records come out ! way !y did4 ,a comput]-lit]ate lawy] or acc\ntant c also make c]ta9 t ! s(tw>e is reasonably crook-pro(4 ,foll[ ! same rule z ) h>dw>e4 ,f9d someone already us+ ! program y want to buy4 ,is he happy ) x8 ,! ne>] 8 "w is to y\rs1 ! bett]4 ,! be/ au?ority on acc\nt+ s(tw>e1 = in/ance1 isn't a comput] guru3 x's an acc\ntant4 ,b bew>e4 ,"s p may h *os5 _! programs )\t consid]+ ! alt]natives1 & !y might h done bett] us+ a diff]5t sy/em4 ,ideally1 y\r fell[ acc\ntant1 lawy]1 doctor1 :atev]1 did pl5ty ( %opp+ be=e mak+ up 8 m9d4 ,also1 rememb] h[ subjective s(tw>e is4 ,ev5 if someone is 9 y\r field1 he may ?9k diff]5tly & d 8 job diff]5tly4 ,( c\rse y might read reviews 9 comput] magaz9es1 b be c>eful4 ,i recall h[ gl[+ly "s ( !m describ$ e>ly v]sions ( ,select2 h[ !y said x 0 sup]b = heavy-duty writ+1 ev5 ?\gh1 q cle>ly1 x 0 a bona fide kludge4 8,h[ c\ld ! review]s be s wrong80 ,i ask$ a comput] salesman1 a good "o1 :o _h sold a numb] ( copies ( ! ,spellb9d] program to ,kaypro buy]s unhappy ) ! e>ly ,select4 ,he repli$1 8,adv]tis+4 ,!y did a lot ( adv]tis+ 9 ! magaz9es4 ,t's probably :y40 ,well1 maybe4 ,m likely1 h[ev]1 ! review]s simply 7 writ]s unfamili> ) alt]natives l ,word,star or comput] exp]ts unfamili> ) ! ne$s ( mo/ writ]s4 ,y\r be/ bet is to read ! magaz9e reviews1 & ?is book1 kn[+ t ! ultimate au?ority on y\r s(tw>e ne$s is y4 ,,backup ,,vi 8,easy0 ,data ,bases3 ,ano!r ,view 7,m5sa ,memb] ,v]sus ,info,star7 ,*>lie ,b[ie1 "o ( ! />s 9 ,*apt] #f1 8,?ree ,s(tw>e ,/ories10 breez$ ?r\gh ! d,b,a,s,e ,,ii program4 ,b n ev]yone w f9d all data bases s easy4 ,m>y ,mat!ws didn't4 ,& y c't call h] /upid4 ,%e is1 aft] all1 a ,p]fect ,writ] guru_/,sibyl4 ,also--,i'm sneak+ ?is 9 beh9d h] back--h] ,,iq is high en\gh = h] to belong to ! ,m5sa gr\p = bright p4 ,%e's a ,smi? ,college alumna1 a human diction>y1 n[ work+ z publications director at a pre/igi\s prep s*ool4 ,i ?\ght t ,info,star--well review$ 9 a major micro magaz9e--w\ld be a c9* = h] to le>n & use 9 li/+ ! traits ( a good data base4 ,well1 back comes ?is essay tell+ me t %e bang$ h] head aga9/ ,info,star = a week & almo/ committ$ h>a-kiri4 ,y c int]pret t z a fail+ ei!r ( ,m>y or ( ! program4 ,i'll blame ! s(tw>e & docum5tation4 7,( c\rse %e's full ( bilge 9 h] ,p]fect ,writ] review :5 %e knocks my belov$ ,word,star47 ,m>y1 please note1 has nice ?+s to say ab\t ,info,star's p[]2 %e says x might ev5 be wor? ! torture4 ,& a consultant c simplify ! program = y4 ,/ill1 if ,m>y is hav+ tr\ble befri5d+ ,info,star1 :at ab\t av]age p :o mu/ ma/] p[]ful data-base s(tw>e8 ,!y'll succe$ only if !y h "t & buckle d[n4 ,!y mu/n't swall[ ! manufactur]s' cant t ! programs are 8simple0--at lea/ n if ! s(tw>e's l ,info,star4 ,oh1 well1 at lea/ !y c console !mselves t _! bus9ess competitors may also be suff]+4 ,& once le>n$1 programs l ,info,star 7z ,m>y's essay %[s7 c inde$ make life easi]4 ,h] obs]vations3 ,!re are a numb] ( data-base programs on ! m>ket = p]sonal comput]s1 ) new entries com+ 9 daily4 ,! ,micro,pro p--p>5ts ( ! fam\s 7or infam\s7 ,word,star--h come out ) a d&y ( _! own3 ,info,star1 :i* c sit up1 roll ov]1 & :i/le ,dixie4 ,:at does "o look = 9 a data-base program8 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ( c\rse1 x dep5ds on :at "o wants4 ,someone :o wants to put a ,rolodex file on to ! comput] is go+ to ne$ a lot less by way ( p[] & v]satility ?an is ! own] ( a small bus9ess :o wants to use ! data base to keep track ( cli5ts1 ord]s1 & inv5tory4 ,! fir/ ?+ to ?9k ab\t is h[ mu* data ! program c h&le )\t go+ (f its nut or sl[+ d[n s mu* t y c\ld walk to ,waukeegan & back :ile y\r program is process+ any entry4 ,"h are "s t]ms & ideas to keep 9 m9d3 ,! data base1 or data file1 conta9s all y\r entries4 ,info,star all[s any numb] ( data files p] diskette2 o!rs all[ only "o4 ,score "o = ,info,star4 ,! data record cov]s all ! in=mation y /ore = ea* entry into y\r data base4 ,h[ big w y\r program all[ ea* data record to be8 ,h[ _m data records w y\r program all[ be=e x seizes up & refuses to accept any m8 ,w ! program w>n y t z ( ,x mom5t its files are full & x won't accept any m records8 7,i once sp5t two days try+ to figure out :y ,p]fect ,fil] 0 giv+ me back no?+ b g>bage be=e ,i ?\ght to *eck & see :e!r my diskette 0 full47 ,info,star w all[ y a maximum ( #fe1ece data records p] file4 ,by way ( comp>ison1 ,p]fect ,fil] w accept z _m data records z ! diskette w hold--ab\t a ?\s& if y\r diskettes w hold #bjj,k ( memory & y've fill$ up y\r data entry scre5 ) lots & lots ( data fields2 probably a skillion if y only h "o "o-"* data field & a lot ( disk capacity4 ,! new program d,b,a,s,e ,,iii w all[ ov] a billion records or two billion *>act]s 9 a file--aga91 up to ! limit ( y\r disk space4 ,! data fields are ! build+ blocks to y\r data record4 ,"s obvi\s attributes a data field may h are t x is alphabetic 7lett]s only72 num]ic 7numb]s only72 or alphanum]ic 7okay1 y guess$ x74 ,t's ab\t all ! simple/ data base programs all[--b "h's :]e ,info,star is an absolute *amp4 ,"s ( ! attributes ,info,star w all[3 #a4 ,! field may only conta9 c]ta9 numb]s &_/or lett]s--= example1 if y're typ+ 9 a /ate abbreviation & type 8,,x0 :5 y mean 8,,910 ,info,star w /op y & tell y t's n acceptable4 7,x does ?is by *eck+ :at is call$ an au?ority file & comp>+ ! au?ority's cont5ts ) y\r input4 ,h&y-d&y67 #b4 ,! field w ent] itself bas$ on y\r previ\s entries4 ,= example1 y c ent] t y\r cu/om] wants #dg ( y\r code numb] ,w#hhi;,,aa 7widgets71 two entries2 & ,info,star c look up ! price ( widgets1 multiply t by #dg1 look up ! sales tax = ! /ate y inputt$ e>li]1 multiply y\r subtotal by ! am\nt ( sales tax1 & all by itself ent] ! "n ( ! product1 ! subtotal1 ! am\nt ( ! sales tax1 & ! total--zip-zip-zip-zip1 f\r entries1 all done by ! comput] r ?an by y & all done 9 a fla%4 ,! fir/ "t ,i tri$ x1 ,i 0 />tl$ into yell+1 8,wa-hoo60 #c4 ,! field c be a con/ant4 ,= example1 if y\r data record conta9s ye>s1 y c tell ,info,star to ent] 8#aih0 automatically1 & y only h to ent] 8#d10 8#e10 or :atev]4 #d4 ,! field c automatically %ift cases = y4 ,= example1 y c type 9 8new york1 ny10 & ,info,star w ins]t into ! data record 8,new ,york1 ,,ny40 #e4 ,! field c insi/ t :atev] y type 9 is id5tical two times 9 a r[ or x won't save ! data record--useful if y deal ) complex numb]s t h to be "r4 #f4 ,! field c be requir$--some?+ t y h to ent]1 or ,info,star won't let y g on4 ,oh1 & ^! are only examples6 ,i guess ,i'm j a simple c\ntry girl1 b ,i 0 amaz$ & ?rill$ by all t ,info,star c\ld d ) its data fields4 ,h[ big are y\r data fields all[$ to be8 ,h[ _m fields are y all[$ to h8 ,info,star all[s y a maximum ( #bde fields p] record1 & a maximum ( #bee *>act]s p] field--x comes out to a maximum ( #fb1dge *>act]s p] data record4 7,p]fect ,fil]1 aga9 by way ( comp>ison1 !oretically all[s #gj fields ) a comb9$ total ( #a1jbd *>act]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! "o "t ,i tri$ to te/ ?is limit ) ,p]fect ,fil]1 ! program w5t comatose on me47 ,i d wond] :e!r an ,info,star data record t 0 #fa,k 9 size might mean y w\ld get few] ?an #fd,k data records into y\r data base4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :o c\ld imag9e a #fa,k data record on a p]sonal comput]8 ,x is1 aft] all1 ab\t ! same size z a #fj-page lett] to y\r ,aunt ,millie1 & h[ (t5 d y write #fj-page lett]s to y\r ,aunt ,millie8 ,once y h data 9 y\r data base1 ! sort keys det]m9e h[ y c get ! data out aga94 ,d y want to get ! in=mation out 9 alphabetical ord] by "n8 ,num]ical ord] by ,,zip code or phone numb]8 ,"s comb9ation ( ! two8 7,= example1 y might1 if ! in=mation is 9 y\r data records1 want to sort y\r fri5ds by :o is left-h&$1 :o gave y a ,*ri/mas c>d la/ ye>1 :5 _! bir?days are1 or all ( ! above47 ,h[ _m sort keys w ! data base all[8 ,:at k9ds8 ,h[ long does x take ! program to d a sort8 ,to take a primitive example1 ,p]fect ,fil] all[s y up to five sort keys 7alphabetical ord] by si/]'s "n1 = example2 num]ical ord] by ,,zip code2 bo?2 num]ic ord] by phone numb]2 all ?ree2 & s on74 ,p]fect ,fil] w also g5]ate up to tw5ty subsets f :i* to sort4 7,left-h&$ ,republicans1 female plumb]s1 all ^? :o owe y m ?an ?ree doll>s--y "n x47 ,& x w also let y h up to #dj li/ =mat fields--t is1 x w all[ y to g5]ate up to #dj diff]5t k9ds ( li/ 7all left-h&$ female plumb]s :o live on ! ,we/ ,coa/74 ,info,star1 on ! o!r h&1 w all[ y #cb sort fields1 :i* is a few m ?an #e2 b x doesn't h any subsets p] se & doesn't seem to all[ y m ?an "o li/ =mat4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! range ( 8logical expressions0 x all[s is amaz+1 & provid$ y und]/& ,,basic 7,info,star's data are writt5 9 ,,cbasic7 fairly well1 y c atta9 heights ( effici5cy ,p]fect ,fil] c\ldn't ev5 dream ( 7m on ?is imm$iately74 ,:at k9ds ( calculations w y\r program d1 & :5 does x d !m8 ,"s programs w all[ y to add1 subtract1 multiply1 divide1 & o!r ev5 m ab/ruse calculations1 & all at ! data entry /age4 ,! be/ ( ^! all[ s]ial calculations4 ,= example1 take ,a & multiply x by ,b2 !n divide ! result by ,c2 !n add x to ,d4 ,a program kn[n z ,,db ,ma/] all[s calculations = only two fields at a "t3 ,a plus ,b equals ,c4 ,d plus ,e equals ,f4 ,c plus ,f equals ,g4 ,o!r programs w only all[ y to specify t c]ta9 relations betwe5 data exi/1 & !n only at ! report-g5]at+ /age4 ,p]fect ,fil]1 = example1 w all[ y to specify t y only want y\r report to conta9 ! p ^: ,,zip codes are betwe5 #bjhae & #baijc--;b x won't d any ari?metic at all4 ,info,star1 on ! o!r h&1 c d algebraic & num]ic calculations & impose su* logical conditions z 8include ?is record if x meets ,x crit]ion02 8d ?is calculation unless ! data field is ,y02 8d ?is if conditions ,x & ,y ,,or conditions ,p or ,q exi/40 ,z[ie6 ,:at sort ( 8ov]head0 does ! program dem&8 ,t is1 :at d y ne$ to be /or$ on y\r diskette 9 addition to y\r data records8 ,"o trade-(f might be t ! m sort keys1 subsets1 li/ =mats1 &_/or logical expressions y h1 ! less space y h = y\r data records4 ,unlike ,p]fect ,fil]1 ,info,star creates an index file = e data file t y create4 ,an ,info,star index file conta9s only ! field values ( y\r sort key7s7 & addresses = ea* ( y\r data records1 b ev5 s1 ) a lot ( sort keys & ) a nice1 big data base1 ! index file is n go+ to be t9y4 ,play+ ) ,info,star--aft] a week hun*$ ov] ! keybo>d1 ,i /ill c't say ,i've le>n$ x--01 9 ord]1 daunt+1 bor+1 ?rill+1 my/ify+1 fru/rat+1 & annoy+4 ,! program comes ) f\r 7c\nt em1 f\r7 diskettes & ?ree in/ructional tomes ( a size & heav9ess gu>ante$ to /rike fe> into ! he>t ( a neophyte4 ,we're talk+ half aga9 z big z ! compact edition ( ! ,ox=d ,engli% ,diction>y4 ,we're talk+ ?ree ?ree-r+ b9d]s cramm$ to capacity ) in=mation4 ,daunt+4 ,! program comes complete ) ?ree on-l9e tutorials--"o introductory tutorial t assumes t ! p]son us+ x has nev] be5 ne> a comput] be=e1 "o tutorial = data entry1 & "o tutorial = g5]at+ 8quick reports40 ,all ?ree are pretty to look at1 sl[ z molasses to try to g ?r\gh1 & simplem9d$ 9 ! extreme4 ,! fir/ "o1 = example1 draws y a picture ( a comput] t]m9al on its scre5 j 9 case y're suff]+ f selective bl9dness & c't see ! t]m9al y're runn+ ! program on4 ,my advice to ^? :o buy ,info,star & :o've ev] ev5 se5 a comput] be=e is n to bo!r ) ! tutorials--c]ta9ly n ) ! fir/ "o6--b to g /raight to ! tra9+ manual & />t pl[+ y\r way ?r\gh4 ,x %\ldn't take m ?an a hundr$ ye>s4 ,:5 ,i />t$ play+ ) "s ( ! data bases t ,info,star provides = its cu/om]s1 ,i 0 excit$4 ,no1 ,i 0 ?rill$4 ,i've nev] se5 any?+ l "s ( ! ?+s ,info,star c d1 & wat*+ six fields fill up all by !mselves aft] ,id inputt$ "o numb] made me *ortle ) glee4 ,info,star uses mo/ ( ! same comm&s t ,word,star does1 :i* is conv5i5t if y happ5 to l control comm&s4 ,i fir/ began to get annoy$ :5 ,i discov]$ t ,info,star does n use arr[ keys4 ,if y want to move y\r cursor1 x's ,,ctrl-,d1 ,,ctrl-,s1 ,,ctrl-,e1 ,,ctrl-,x--! same comm&s ,word,star uses & a major-league annoyance4 ,nor h any ,function keys be5 assign$ any values4 ,& e s+le1 solit>y "t y use ,info,star y h to g ?r\gh at lea/ f\r help scre5s--l x or n4 ,grrr6 ,i fir/ ran into tr\ble :5 ,i began try+ to def9e my own data record4 ,draw+ ! scre5 is easy2 b :at does "o d :5 "o is try+ to assign attributes & runs up aga9/ prompts l1 8,field d]iv$8 ,process+ ord]8 ,copy attributes ( field8 ,pad field8 ,bat* v]ify8 ,range *eck8 ,edit mask8 ,entry_/cont5t control "* codes80 ,i'll tell y :at ,i did3 ,i read ! tra9+ manual4 ,i read ! ref]5ce manual4 ,i tri$ native cunn+4 ,i tri$ p\nd+ my fi/ ?r\gh ! keybo>d4 ,i tri$ cry+4 ,info,star's hype says1 8,on-scre5 m5us give y options 9 pla9 ,engli% 444 :ile a s]ies ( help scre5s guides y ?r\gh ea* proc$ure40 ,yeah2 & ,i am ,m>ie ( ,romania4 ,! same sort ( ?+ happ5$ :5 ,i />t$ fiddl+ ) ! g5]ation ( reports4 ,z promis$1 ,info,star 8enables y to create & pr9t a report 9 sixty seconds40 ,! report pr9ts all ! data 9 ! giv5 file4 ,"h's :at ! report = ! file ,i'd tri$ to con/ruct look$ l3 ,b3,,mmplay ,,report ,b3,,mmplay ,,report ,b3,,mmplay ,,report #aj_/ba_/hd #aj_/ba_/hd #aj_/ba_/hd ,,field #jja ,,field #jjb ,,field #jjc ,,field #jjd ,,field #jje ,,field #jjf ,,field #jjg ,,field #jjh mwm ,m>y ,w4 ,mat!ws #dhbc ,willett ,p>kway ,*evy ,*ase ,,md #bjhae ec ,ed ,corrigan ,pirmas5s ,am]ican ,s*ool ,new ,york ,,ny #jiahi ,i hope y get ! idea4 ,i'm too depress$ to g on4 ,s mu* = ! 8quick report0 t y c create 9 only sixty seconds4 ,next ,i tri$ to design a 8cu/om report40 ,! prompts didn't />t out to be q s confus+--8,is ! file go+ to be us$ = ,input or ,output80 & 8,h[ l>ge %\ld ! disk buff] be80 ,b by ! "t ,i got to 8,edit mask10 8,copy attributes to field10 & 8,ent] algebraic expression10 ,i 0 ?9k+ s]i\sly ab\t h>a-kiri4 ,we are n talk+ quick & easy "h4 ,we are talk+ call 9 ! pr(essionals or resign y\rself to a lot ( long1 h>d "w4 ,consid]+ t ,i don't ev5 get to keep ! copy ( ,info,star--,i only own a #fd,k ,,cp_/,m ma*9e1 & ,info,star requires a ,,pc ,,dos & at lea/ #if,k ( ,,ram & recomm5ds t y use a h>d disk 7b w put up ) two floppy drives provid$ t y c get #cbj,k ( memory on ea* disk7--,i ev5tually j ?rew my h&s into ! air & gave up4 ,!re is no d\bt 9 my m9d t ,info,star is a t]rifically p[]ful program t w all[ y to d j ab\t any?+ y want 9 ! _w ( data bases4 ,! d\bt 9 my m9d is :e!r ,i'm an ord9>ily intellig5t p]son :o 0 ?r[n by "s big-league complexity or :e!r ,i'm an absolute moron because ,i didn't f9d ! program 8simple0 & 8easy to use40 7,v>iations ( ! words 8simple0 & 8easy0 appe> sev5te5 times 9 ! ,info,star hype booklet2 = example1 8,info,star is 444 easy-to-use 444 goes well beyond ! capabilities ( a simple data base sy/em4 ,info,star eases ! job ( manag]s4444 ,x's really q simple4 ,! :ole process is really q simple4444 ,& x's easy44440 ,all ?is on "o page1 m9d y47 ,to sum x all up 9 a nut%ell1 ,info,star (f]s "s wond]ful features1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! area ( mak+ ?+s easy = ! cl]k typi/_/secret>y :o's do+ data entry4 ,& x is1 z adv]tis$1 lightn+ fa/ at calculations & sort+4 ,its use ( ,word,star comm&s is a drawback1 & its refusal to all[ ! arr[ keys to function1 along ) its insi/5ce on mak+ y plod ?r\gh help scre5 aft] help scre5 t y're really n int]e/$ 91 c be infuriat+2 b ,i suppose ! cl]k typi/ :o is =c$ to use ,word,star--at only five ye>s old ! d9osaur ( ^w-process+ programs--might f9d x conv5i5t4 ,b if y1 ! doctor or lawy] or small bus9ess own]1 want a cu/om-design$ =m or a cu/om-design$ report1 y're n go+ to be able to delegate ! job to a cl]k typi/_/secret>y_/assi/ant4 ,y'll h to ei!r hire a consultant to d x = y or resign y\rself to sp5d+ days or ev5 weeks ma/]+ ideas & language t1 to me1 range f ! arcane to ! dumbf\nd+4 ,x's really q simple8 ,,backup ,,vii ,graphics ,tips ,no matt] h[ y're us+ a graphics program1 rememb] ! ,,rdhp--! ,r\gh-,draft ,hi]>*ical ,pr9ciple4 ,x also may help at times :5 y ^w-process memos4 ,! pr9ciple3 create ! basic pictures or prose y\rself4 ,b if press$ = "t8 ,!n f>m out ! details4 ,j z a secret>y might put y\r memos 9 ! "r =mat on pap]1 he or %e might also smoo? y\r draw+s4 ,or y\r art dep>tm5t might4 ,"h are o!r tips = graphics us]s3 ,,"k ,,y\r ,,*>ts ,,& ,,o!r ,,basic ,,tools ,a l9e *>t--a graph ) ! outl9es ( hills & valleys--is great :5 broad tr5ds c\nt m ?an ! numb]s !mselves4 ,"o glance at a good l9e *>t c tell y if wok sales are up or d[n4 ,& = ev5 bett] effect1 y might try a curve *>t1 or area *>t1 fill+ 9 ! area bel[ ! curves t ! l9es make4 8,in/ead ( look+ l a wriggly l9e10 expla9s ,c>l ,h]rman1#ajc an aw>d-w9n+ graphics exp]t1 8x looks l a m\nta94 ,x's mu* easi] to foll[40 ,footnote #ajc3 ,c>l ,h]rman is communications director at ,,mitre ,corporation1 a nonpr(it rese>* & consult+ firm 9 ,mc,lean1 ,virg9ia4 ,8 address !re is ,w #afj1 #ahbj ,dolley ,madison ,blvd41 ,mc,lean1 ,virg9ia #bbajb4 ,& if y want to %[ sales tr5ds 9 ?ree wok categories8 ,well1 y c /ill use a fill$-9 *>t4 8,y might fill 9 ! bottom "o solid black10 says ,h]rman4 8,y might d a cross-hat*--p>allel int]sect+ l9es--on ! middle "o4 ,& on ! top "o1 y might h a /raight-l9e effect or a lot ( l9es runn+ close to ea* o!r4 8,t way1 y c readily see ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ?ree ,x's m effective ?an ?ree graph l9es on top ( ea* o!r40 ,ano!r tool is a b> *>t1 ) b>s ( diff]5t sizes--horizontal or v]tical4 ,,"n ,,t ,,*>t ,) ,apple's ,mac9to% & ! ,micros(t *>t graphics package f ,micros(t1 y c :ip up *>ts l ! ones bel[4 ,*>t w ev5 pick up numb]s f a si/] spread%eet program1 ,multiplan4 ,my ?anks to arti/ ,jo ,/eele1 :o works = ! ,d>tm\? ,college ,comput] ,c5t] & is a p>tn] 9 ,nor?tronics ,associates4 ,oh1 & don't blame ,jo = ! use ( ^? ov]-m5tion$ woks4 ,my mi/ake4 ,next "t ,i'll use di%wa%]s or wat]melons4 ,illu/ration3 ,d broad tr5ds c\nt m ?an ! numb]s !mselves8 ,!n use a l9e *>t1 a graph ) ! outl9es ( hills & valleys4 ,amalgamat$ ,wok might decorate ea* sales rep's (fice ) su* a *>t1 at :i* a myopic ,,ceo c\ld smile or fr[n z he walk$ 94 ,use a b> *>t to comp>e sizes or emphasize diff]5ces1 includ+ ^? ov] "t4 ,) ! b> *>t1 y might contra/ #aigi wok sales ) #aihd's4 ,don't normally use ! b> *>t1 h[ev]1 to illu/rate tr5ds4 ,= t1 x's usually back to ! old l9e or curve *>t4 ,j ! same1 ,mike ,slade1 a product manag] at ,micros(t1 says3 8,!re are times :5 y c illu/rate tr5ds successfully us+ ov]lapp+ b> *>ts--) b>s ( diff]5t colors or patt]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,a curve *>t or area *>t is j a l9e *>t ) ! area bel[ ! l9es fill$ 94 ,?is is a deluxe v]sion ) diff]5t %ad+s indicat+ diff]5t ye>s4 ,a no-frills area *>t might actually be easi] on ! ,,ceo's eyes ?an w\ld a l9e *>t )\t %ad+4 ,illu/ration3 ,yes1 wok sales are increas+ & our canny arti/ us$ a v]tical b> *>t to emphasize ?is4 ,j ! ticket = a pres5tation to a /ock analy/ /udy+ ! prospects ( ! ,amalgamat$ ,wok ,corporation4 ,notice t numb]s are easi] to take 9 ?an ^? on a l9e *>t4 8,y might h a v]tical b> = #aigi wok sales slightly ov]lapp+ ) "o = #aigi widget sales & cont9ue ^! tw9 b>s = ! next five ye>s4 8,use ov]lapp+ b> *>ts :5 y're %[+ tr5ds = a numb] ( diff]5t products or categories40 ,illu/ration3 ,w[6 ,look at ! hefty wok sales 9 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,someone (f] rebates8 ,actually y'd be bett] (f us+ a pie *>t in/ead to %[ ! p]c5tages ( semi-annual sales f diff]5t regions4 ,regions1 n ! #ej /ates4 ,y c only slice a pie s ?94 ,yet ano!r tool1 ! pie *>t1 j l a pie1 ) slices1 nicely %[s relations ( complete p>ts4 ,use ! pie *>t to %[ ! p]c5tage ( sales t came f f\r or five regions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 suppose y h _m1 _m small compon5ts 9 y\r pie--say1 y're int]e/$ 9 ! p]c5tages ( dome/ic sales 9 ea* ( ! fifty /ates4 ,!n a map ) p]c5tages on x might be bett]4 ,i'll /op "h--?is is a comput] book1 n a graphics guide4 ,= m detail$ in=mation1 ,h]rman recomm5ds ,design]'s ,guide to ,creat+ ,*>ts & ,diagrams by ,nigel ,holmes 7f ,watson-,guptill1 ,new ,york74 ,,keep ,,x ,,simple--,,:e!r ,,its ,a ,,*>t ,,or ,,memo ,don't make y\r *>ts look l puzzles4 8,if y clutt] up y\r *>t ) too _m facts1 y'll lose ! v simplicity t graphics c (f]10 says ,h]rman4 ,home 9 on y\r ma9 po9t4 8,if ne$ be10 he says1 8use a %ort n>rative "u ! *>t to back x up4 8,9 fact1 y might be able to say some?+ 9 words m simply ?an ) a *>t4 ,if y're try+ to comp>e ! co/ ( widget imports 9 ! la/ fifty ye>s & x's d\bl$ ea* ye>1 !n :y n j say s 9 prose80 ,also1 avoid o!r =ms ( visual clutt]4 ,don't make p's eyes sp9 ) special effects & too _m colors4 ,grid l9es--a s]ies ( little squ>es l ^? on eng9e]+ graph pap]--(t5 confuse *>t read]s4 8,don't put !m 9 if y c help x10 says ,h]rman4 8,def9itely n10 agrees my fri5d ,h>d-core bureaucrat4 ,9 memos1 don't confuse y\r read]s ) a b>rage ( diff]5t typefaces4 ,a little v>iety is good4 ,b make sure y h a dec5t excuse1 su* z special po9ts to /ress or diff]5t categories ( in=mation4 8,if y %[ (f y\r fancy typefaces10 says my fri5d ! ,h>d-,core-,bureaucrat1 8x's j a plague t'll make y\r eyes a*e4 ,t's "o reason ,i'm d[n on fancy graphics = r\t9e /uff4 ,"s ,mac9to% us]s are go+ to produce memos t look l sampl]s f pr9t+ salesm540 ,ev5 on a ?\s&-^w memo1 use ?ree ( f\r typefaces at ! mo/4 ,also1 don't /9t on :ite space4 ,apple's manuals = ! ,mac9to% & its m exp5sive si/]1 ! ,lisa1 are models ( wise use ( :ite space4 ,,at ,,! ,,same ,,"t1 ,,keep ,,x ,,lively6 ,if y c get away ) x1 :y n try a little flair 9 y\r graphics & y\r po9ts w be m memorable4 ,a good model 9 _m cases is ! newspap] ,,usa ,today1 :i* sports "s ( ! livelie/ graphics 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x regul>ly publi%es *>ts ) su* sexy facts z am\nt expect$ to g = heal? c>e 9 #aiij or ! p]c5tage ( wom5 :o receiv$ haircuts & o!r beauty-%op treatm5ts 9 #aihc4 ,to jazz up ! *>t titl$ 8,only ,_! ,hairdress]s ,"k10 an arti/ drew ! face ( a woman ) h] hair bl[+ out4 ,! l5g?s ( ! bun*$-up /r&s v>i$ accord+ to ! p]c5tages ( wom5 receiv+ diff]5t k9ds ( treatm5ts4 8,haircut0 7#gf p]c5t7 0 ?ree times long] ?an 8,color+0 7a m]e #bd p]c5t74 ,today ! av]age micro us] may n be able to produce su* 8hairy0 graphics1 b ! future may be diff]5t4 ,snazzy graphics is l colorful writ+4 ,humanize y\r "w4 ,! 8,only ,_! ,hairdress]s ,"k0 *>t wasn't 9 ! fancie/ ( color--j black & :ite & blue--b x 0 m eye-cat*+ ?an mo/ eight-color ones might h be54 ,& if y y\rself c't draw too well ev5 ) a comput]8 ,well1 :at a *ance to liv5 up ! workday ( a "y1 tal5t$ aide :o'd l a break f ! typewrit]1 er1 ^w processor6 ,besides1 on occasion1 y c at lea/ d :at an editor may h done ) ! hairdress] *>t--?9k up ! basic idea4 ,,keep ,,^? ,,captions ,,lively1 ,,too ,imag9e y're writ+ captions = a hybrid ( ! ,new ,york ,times & ,! ,national ,enquir]4 ,try to be accurate1 cle>1 & int]e/+4 ,sn>e ! skimm]s6 ,give !m no *oice b to read y\r report4 ,i'll qualify t4 ,alas1 _m report writ]s1 especially ! gov]nm5t species1 don't want to be cle> ) words or *>ts4 ,maybe !y c scrut9ize ?is section to "k :at to d 9 rev]se4 ,,"k ,,y\r ,,colors--,,:5 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,!m ,!re is life )\t color4 ,j look at ! nifty ?+s y c d ) high-resolution black & :ite1 ) its _m diff]5t %ades4 ,if y\r picture (f]s widely v>i$ %apes & sizes1 color j might n help t mu*4 ,?9k1 too1 ab\t co/s4 ,if ,mac _h _h color1 ! #b1ejj introductory price w\ld h be5 sev]al times high]4 ,s ,apple conc5trat$ in/ead on resolution4 ,& v likely1 "s mak]s ( simil> ma*9es w d ! same4 ,!re's a te*nical trade-(f3 color capability (t5 comes at ! co/ ( %>pness4 ,ev5 black-&-:ite graphics today--at lea/ ! af=dable k9ds--normally are a f> cry f ! %>pness requir$ 9 an annual report or ! slicke/ sales bro*ure4 ,/ill1 to a g5]ation wean$ on color tv & movies1 a #ajj p]c5t mono*romatic life w\ld be l a mona/ic life4 ,& color c\ld be j ! ticket = enliv5+ graphs t visually drone on & on ) /ati/ics4 ,:at's m1 x c help sep>ate elem5ts ( *>ts4 ,j don't ov]use or abuse ! te*nique4 ,don't use color to slice a pie *>t too ?94 ,9 work+ ) color1 y %\ld "k ! be/ comb9ations4 ,(t5 y'll want to alt]nate weak1 cool colors ) /rong1 w>m1 8advanc+0 ones t leap out f ! scre54 ,! /ronge/ colors usually are bright r$ fir/1 !n orange1 !n p]haps yell[--x dep5ds on y\r ma*9e & o!r v>iables4 8,y\r weake/ colors10 says ,h]rman1 8c\ld be blue1 gre5 & br[n4 ,if y try blue & bright r$1 y\r *>t w be mu* m readable ?an if x has gre5 ) blue4 ,y might also use gre5 & orange40 ,try1 too1 to avoid adjac5t colors t 8vibrate0 toge!r 9 an irksome way4 8,r$ & gre5 is wor/10 ,h]rman says4 ,ano!r los]3 r$ & blue4 ,o!r advice8 ,mat* colors to :at !y /& =4 ,if y're comp>+ oil & gas production1 ! oil might be black & ! gas a light blue4 ,oil sometimes is black4 ,& gas (t5 bums blue4 ,rememb]1 also1 t d>k colors (t5 c bett] repres5t l>ge numb]s4 ,say y\r company has its bigge/1 be/ ye> ev] 9 sales4 ,& n[ y're bragg+ ) a multiye> b> *>t8 ,well1 y use a d>k blue or black b> to repres5t y\r rec5t1 gigantic rev5ues4 ,! lean] ye>s1 by comp>ison1 might be a v light color or maybe fa9t grays or p]haps j :ite inside gray l9es4 ,yet ano!r tip is to be consi/5t if possible4 8,if y're comp>+ oil & gas ?r\gh tw5ty *>ts10 says ,h]rman1 8/ick ) oil 9 black & gas 9 blue 9 all ! *>ts40 8,b10 y say1 8h[ d ,i *oose my graphics programs 9 ! fir/ place80 ,"h are ! que/ions y %\ld ask1 among o!rs3 #a4 ,does ! program help y come up ) pies1 b>s1 or :atev] k9d ( *>t or draw+ w be mo/ useful to y8 #b4 ,c x d s z quickly z possible8 ,"h programs us+ a m\se--! po9t] on y\r desk--h a real advantage4 #c4 ,does ! program fit 9 well ) y\r o!r s(tw>e8 ,t's "o advantage ( ,lisa- & ,mac-type sy/ems4 ,y c m easily /ick a *>t inside a page ( text--p]haps sp>+ y\r read]s a di/ract+ flip to ! back4 ,ano!r advantage ( a 8good fit0 is t x may save y h\rs ( typ+ & draw+4 ,look = programs t w let y select tr5ds f spread%eets1 !n m or less automatically :ip up *>ts bas$ on ! numb]s4 ,?is way1 too1 y don't h to wa/e "t typ+ 9 ! numb]s f ! spread%eets4 ,micros(t ,*>t c d t ) ! "r s(tw>e = ! ,mac1 ,lisa ,,ii1 & ,,ibm comput]s4 ,are y %opp+ = a program t *anges *>ts automatically along ) ! numb]s8 ,!n see if y c d ?is )\t hav+ to cle> ! *>t f y\r scre5 & replace x ) a special m5u4 #d4 ,h[ mu* memory space does ! program--& ! electronic files ( ! resultant draw+s--take up8 ,y want en\gh space on y\r disk = spread%eets1 ^w process+1 & o!r programs if y *ange y\r tasks (t54 ,b y don't *ange (t58 ,!n don't worry z mu* ab\t ?is4 ,frugal use ( space1 ( c\rse1 is "o advantage ( integrat$ programs comb9+ graphics ) ^w process+ & spread%eets or communications4 ,y might also worry ab\t ! l5g?s ( ! files4 ,"o *>t c take up ! equival5t ( page aft] page 9 disk space if y're /or+ ! image ( ! *>t r ?an ! in/ructions = creat+ x4 #e4 ,:at ab\t ! program's color capabilities--bo? on scre5 & on pap]8 ,h[ _m colors (f]$8 ,& if ! program has preset color comb9ations1 d !y "w well toge!r8 #f4 ,does ! program coexi/ okay ) ! pr9t] or plott] y own or are ab\t to buy8 #g4 ,h[ easy is ! program to le>n8 ,:at ab\t ! o!r g5]al traits ( good s(tw>e m5tion$ 9 ,backup ,,iii1 ,! ,lucky #ac8 ,:atev] y\r graphics program1 don't /9t on ! h>dw>e4 ,a good1 %>p1 high-resolution scre5 is j z important--m s1 9 fact--z x is 9 ^w process+4 ,,backup ,,viii ,consultant ,contracts3 ,"s ,:o-,h[ ,que/ions ,*>les ,h>ris1 a lawy] :o is exp]t 9 comput] negotiations1 ticks (f a li/ ( contract que/ions v simil> to ! ,:o-,h[ f ! newspap] _w4 ,8 li/3 #a4 8,:o80 ,:o f ! contract+ firm is do+ ! "w8 ,a junior memb]8 ,if s1 y might ask1 8,c he p]=m8 ,w ! consult+ firm /ill bill me ! full rate80 ,f9d out ! track record n only ( ! firm b also ( ! p actually do+ ! "w4 ,write _! names into ! contract if y c4 ,spell out ! qualifications ( sub/itutes y'll use if ! orig9al p leave ! consult+ firm be=e f9i%+ ! assignm5t4 #b4 8,:at80 ,describe ! task z cle>ly & precisely z possible4 ,& 9 my op9ion y might consolidate ! 8,:at80 & ! 8,h[80 "h4 ,is !re a "r way & a wrong way ( accompli%+ ! 8,:at808 ,f9d out ! "r way be=e sign+ ! contract4 #c4 8,:580 ,c y negotiate a p5alty if ! firm misses a deadl9e8 ,& h[ ab\t a bonus if x comes 9 e>ly8 #d4 8,:]e80 ,w ! consultants d ! "w 9 y\r (fice8 ,!irs8 ,on y\r comput]8 ,on someone else's8 #e4 8,h[ mu*80 ,obvi\s4 ,9 my op9ion1 y'd also d well to keep ask+ ! 8,:y80--to make ! consultants ju/ify :atev] !y h 9 m9d = y4 ,:y n8 ,y're ! "o sp5d+ ! money4 ,also1 at lea/ consid] ! foll[+3 #a4 ,?9k+ small4 ,don't b>ga9 ov] ! ,:o-,h[ simply = ! :ole project2 break x up into p>ts4 8,y say1 #8,= ?is mu* money we expect to at lea/ get a ma*9e 9 ! door1'0 ,h>ris sugge/s4 8#8,= ?is mu* money we expect to get ! foll[+ diskettes = ! foll[+ programs4' #8,= ?is mu* money p]haps we'll talk ab\t cu/omiz+ s(tw>e4#80 ,if a consultant flubs an e>ly "p ( ! "w or specifies ! wrong programs or equipm5t1 !n y c m easily s5d him pack+4 8,b10 y worry1 8c a rival consultant pick up ! pieces80 ,well1 y simply insi/ t ! orig9al consultant d 8 "w 9 z /&>diz$ a way z possible4 ,see if he c use a program l d,b,a,s,e ,,ii or ,,iii--s(tw>e ) :i* ?\s&s ( o!r consultants are famili>4 #b4 ,mak+ ! consultant give y ! s\rce code ( ! new s(tw>e4 ,t's ano!r pick-up-!-pieces k9d ( protection4 #c4 ,insi/+ t any manuals = 8 s(tw>e be complete & 9 pla9 ,engli%4 ,if y\r consultant c write only comput]ese1 9 fact1 y might n ev5 want to bo!r ) negotiations4 #d4 ,b>ga9+ if possible = a s(tw>e w>ranty4 ,!n1 if y discov] glit*es 9 ! s(tw>e aft] x's 9 use1 ! consultant won't *>ge y to correct 8 own mi/akes4 ,y might n succe$ "h4 ,b try4 #e4 ,possibly requir+ ! consultant to give y a disc\nt on modifications or expansion ( y\r sy/em4 #f4 ,negotiat+ = full or "p own]%ip ( ! s(tw>e he may develop = y4 ,b don't c\nt on gett+ ri* f ! sale ( ! programs4 ,adam ,gre51 a s(tw>e tra9+ exp]t1 tells ( a comput]-/ore salesm5 :o1 9 t way1 w\ld appeal to cu/om]s' gre$4 ,a taxid]mi/1 = in/ance1 might he> ?is pit*3 buy f me1 use ! "r consultant1 & y'll make a kill+ 9 specialty s(tw>e = taxid]mi/s4 8,! consultants w\ld usually int5d to f9i% a job writ+ ?is specialty s(tw>e10 ,gre5 said1 8b x w\ld drag on1 & ! cu/om]s w\ld run out ( money1 & ! ?+s usually didn't get f9i%$40 ,v likely y won#8t want full own]%ip1 because x w\ld r$uce ! consultant's int]e/ 9 p]fect+ 8 bra9*ild4 #g4 ,=bidd+ ! consultant f sell+ ! new s(tw>e to y\r competitors4 ,antitru/ complications might arise if y don't be> ! f9ancial risks ( s(tw>e developm5t4 ,if y d1 h[ev]1 y're )9 y\r rights to dem& exclusivity1 j z ! consultant is )9 8 rights to *>ge y m = x4 8,trade secret0 is a key phrase bo? "h & on ! issue ( own]%ip4 8,i recomm5d to cli5ts t !y g = trade-secret protection because copyright law protects ! in=mation only 9 ! way x's pres5t$10 says ,william ,wew]1 a ,wa%+ton lawy] :o specializes1 among o!r ?+s1 9 intellectual-prop]ty law4 ,9 o!r words1 an unscrupul\s consultant might bypass ! copyright law by us+ a diff]5t programm+ code to duplicate y\r new s(tw>e's functions4 #h4 ,mak+ ! consultant pl$ge t he won't violate any trade-secret laws or copyrights4 ,y don't want to suff] because someone else has plagi>iz$ or pirat$ s(tw>e4 ,be c]ta9 y'll own ! ma/] copies & in/ruction manuals t ! consultant buys4 ,try to regi/] imm$iately ) ! s(tw>e company z ! buy] or us] ( ! disk4 ,y want to "k ab\t updates ( ! product & ab\t debugg+s1 :i* y won't f9d out ab\t ) a pirat$ copy4 ,a %ady ,massa*usetts consultant has resold ! same d,b,a,s,e ,,ii program t5 or fifte5 times4 ,! buy]s ?9k he is pur*as+ x = !m & t he's go+ to supply a v]sion modifi$ = _! ne$s4 8,b halfway ?r\gh ! "w10 ,gre5 says1 8he j walks (f40 #i4 ,hamm]+ out a confid5tiality agreem5t1 if necess>y1 to protect company secrets4 ,y don't want an outsid] blabb+ to competitors4 #aj4 ,mak+ ! consultant agree 9 writ+ t he is work+ z y\r indep5d5t contractor1 n y\r employee4 ,protect y\rself aga9/ unfair ,workm5's ,comp5sation claims & 9 simil> ways4 #aa4 ,try+ to write into ! contract y\r "r to a full explanation :5ev] y want "o4 ,make ! consultant ju/ify 8 recomm5dation = a c]ta9 comput] or a c]ta9 program2 he owes y at lea/ oral explanation & p]haps a writt5 "o4 ,h[ mu* exp]i5ce has he himself _h ) ! product8 ,is he go+ by someone else's ^w8 ,^:8 ,h[ c]ta9 is he t ! s(tw>e-h>dw>e combo t work$ = ! o!r p]son w "w = y8 ,c he arrange a demon/ration ( ! combo s y c see = y\rself h[ ! s(tw>e runs8 #ab4 ,rememb]+ t !re's only s mu* protection ! law c give1 especially at ! micro level4 ,trade-secret & copyright laws c be vague & exp5sive to en=ce--a major /umbl+ block to a small bus9ess4 ,y\r be/ protection is simply to deal ) a reputable consultant ^: cr$5tials y h *eck$4 #ac4 ,*oos+ ! "r lawy]1 if y c af=d "o1 = ! contract4 ,he ne$n't call himself a 8comput] lawy]40 ,a good contracts lawy] or intellectual-prop]ty exp]t1 if conv]sant ) comput]s1 might also "w out4 ,if ! job is simple en\gh1 don't negotiate 9 ! same detail t ,,gm does :5 in/all+ a #aj-million ma9frame4 ,aga91 ev5 ) small tasks1 d sign a contract or write a lett] simil> to ! sample "o on page #aad4 ,& if y c af=d x & ! job's important en\gh1 ?9k ab\t /ill-ano!r contract--= a second consultant to *eck up on ! fir/4 ,,backup ,,ix ,w9d[ ,%opp+ ,! ad m5 & writ]s h _h fun ) ! inevitable3 8,micros(t ,does ,w9d[s40 ,y read ! headl9e & envision "s programm]s ) buckets & rags1 bravely scal+ ,manhattan skyscrap]s to help executives get a cle> view :5 !y're look+ up f _! comput] scre5s4 ,w9d[s1 h[ev]1 actually are )9 comput] scre5s4 ,y c split y\r scre5 into p>ts3 "o w9d[ %[+ a *>t1 = in/ance1 :ile ! o!r displays ! report into :i* y're ins]t+ x4 ,( c\rse y ne$ a scre5 big & %>p en\gh to get good views ( _m w9d[s4 ,& ! s(tw>e problems c\ld be hairy4 ,micros(t z ( late #aihd 0 mon?s & mon?s beh9d 9 releas+ its w9d[s-type product4 ,o!r companies 7 beh9d on !irs1 too4 ,someone once co9$ a t]m = mu*-talk$-ab\t-b-late s(tw>e--8vaporw>e0--& x is sure describ$ w9d[s4#ajd ,footnote #ajd3 ,i ask$ ,john ,butl]1 a ,micros(t products manag]1 :y w9d[s w\ld hit ! m>ket mon?s late4 8,we don't l to ann\nce products too f> ahead ( "t :5 !y're n fully develop$0 he said1 8b ) ,w9d[s we _h to tell o!r s(tw>e companies ab\t its exi/5ce e>ly on--s !y c\ld write programs tak+ full advantage ( ours40 ,well1 n[ t ! miracle w9d[s are !oretically "h1 are !y wor? gaz+ at8 ,dep5ds4 ,don#8t buy w9d[s if y're j writ+ %ort lett]s & y ne$n't bl5d any?+ else into !m or regul>ly don't consult o!r mat]ial4 ,b consid] !m if1 say1 y want to look at _m spread%eets quickly :ile writ+ reports4 ,?9k :at ?is means to executives ) clutt]$ disks1 er1 desks4 ,!y c /a% _! mat]ial away electronically & n h to pr9t h>d copies z (t5 9 ! future4 8,i c imag9e p hav+ z _m z tw5ty or ?irty w9d[s ready to call up ) notes or work+ pap]s10 says ,john ,butl]1 a product manag] ) ,micros(t4 ,also1 w9d[s s(tw>e may let y swit* noticeably fa/] f "o program to ano!r4 ,& ) a ,,ram 7tempor>y comput] memory7 above #ejj,k1 y may ev5 be able to d s in/antly4 ,! plus ( ?is8 ,y won't ne$ to return z (t5 to y\r comput]'s op]at+ sy/em & fe$ ! programs "o by "o into ! ,,ram4 ,s ! ma*9e may seem to impose itself less betwe5 y & y\r "w4 ,:5 8w9d[s %opp+10 h[ev]1 y %\ld ask ^! que/ions & m3#aje #a4 ,is ! conv5i5ce wor? ! extra sev]al hundr$ doll>s y'll be pay+ = ! w9d[ s(tw>e alone if x doesn't come ) y\r comput]8 #b4 ,up to h[ _m w9d[s c y see on y\r scre5 at once8 #c4 ,h[ d ! w9d[s look alongside ea* o!r8 ,d !y ov]lap1 j l pap]s atop ea* o!r8 ,or d !y tile8 ,t is1 if y select m w9d[s1 ! exi/+ ones %r9k1 & y view less f !m4 #d4 ,h[ ab\t data transf]8 ,if y move in=mation f "o electronic file to ano!r1 w important details rema98 ,= in/ance1 ! way r[s & columns coexi/ ) ea* o!r on a spread%eet8 ,c y cut a graph out ( a *>t & ins]t x 9 ! text ( a report )\t x %r9k+ or end+ up di/ort$8 ,w x reproduce 9 z mu* detail z x w\ld )\t y\r rea*+ x ?r\gh a w9d[8 #e4 ,:at k9d ( graphics--bit mapp$ or "* bas$8 ,! bit mapp+ means %>p] images4 ,y\r comput] keeps track ( ea* little dot1 ea* pixel1 on ! scre54 ,t hogs memory & may rule out color4 ,"*-bas$ sy/ems1 ?\gh1 don't let y make y\r l9es & curves z smoo? z bit mapp+ does4 ,!y mu/ "w ) already-%ap$ lett]s1 numb]s1 & o!r visual =ms4 #f4 ,w ! w9d[ program "w ) ord9>y s(tw>e or j products writt5 = x8 ,& h[ _m ( ! w9d[s' special features w d "w :5 y use regul> programs8 #g4 ,w ! w9d[s at lea/ slightly sl[ d[n "s programs8 ,a ^w processor may take long] = y to get f "o "p ( y\r report to ano!r4 #h4 ,is ! program picky ab\t ! comput]s x'll "w )8 ,a w9d[ sy/em may ne$ ov] half a million bytes ( ,,ram & a h>d-disk drive /or+ #e megabytes4 ,also1 z ( ?is writ+1 w9d[s seem$ ge>$ m to ! ,,ibm-/yle ,,ms-,,dos comput]s ?an to ! old] b *eap] ,,cp_/,m ones4 ,besides1 "s companies may n sell w9d[s programs directly to ord9>y buy]s4 ,micros(t got v>i\s micro manufactur]s to bundle ! program ) _! products4 #i4 ,does ! program require a m\se--! gadget y roll on y\r disk to move ! cursor8 ,h[ easily c y control ! program )\t a m\se8 ,footnote #aje3 ,i'm bas+ ! 8w9d[s-%opp+0 que/ions on po9ts rais$ by v>i\s micro publications1 especially ,popul> ,comput+1 ,may #aihd1 p4 #if4 ,,backup ,x ,( ,mice & ,m5--& ,t\* ,pads1 ,t\* ,scre5s1 ,etc4#ajf 8,if y're a tra9$1 high-volume production typi/10 ask$ ,seym\r ,rub9/e91 ! ,word,star develop]1 8:at are y go+ to d ) a m\se except fe$ x *eese80#ajg ,footnote #ajf3 ,= backgr\nd 9 rese>*+ ?is app5dix--b n = ! op9ions1 /rictly m9e--,i'm grateful to ,=re/ ,m4 ,mims's excell5t article 8,a ,few ,quick ,po9t]s40 ,x appe>$ 9 ,may #aihd ,comput]s & ,electronics4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,rub9/e9's 8*eese0 quote is f ,info,world1 ,may #ad1 #aihd1 p4 #eg4 ,score "o = ,rub9/e94 ,he says mice are great--if y h ?ree h&s4 ,do+ graphics8 ,a m\se1 maybe4 ,b damn$ if ,i'm go+ to take my h&s (f ! keybo>d to pu% ! cursor f "o spot on ! scre5 to ! next4 ,x's simply too mu* wa/$ motion4 ,i in/ead j press ! cursor keys "r above ! ma9 keybo>d4 ,or ,i use ,word,star's cursor-mov+ comm&s4 ,& ev5 if ,i hadn't le>n$ t\* typ+ a qu>t] c5tury ago1 ,i'd /ill wond] if a m\se = ^w process+ wasn't ! ,silicon ,valley v]sion ( ,! ,emp]or's ,new ,clo!s4 ,next "t y're 9 ,cali=nia1 maybe y'll see ,apple execs nak$ 9 ! /reets z well z _! hot tubs4 ,well1 maybe n4 ,! m\se c\ld be a great m>ket+ tool = sales reps p$dl+ ,macs or ,apple ,i,ic's to p hop+ to d ^w process+4 ,b exp]i5c$ typi/s8 ,_m w\ld probably groan ov] all ! excursions t ! m\se =c$ !m to take f ! ma9 keybo>d4 ,"s enemies ( mice--cats8--also wond] if jockey+ ! cursor ?is way c\ldn't be a little tir+ = p writ+ or typ+4 ,?9k ( ! h&-eye coord9ation requir$4 ,y're roll+ a palm-siz$ gizmo on y\r desk to position ! cursor on a s+le lett] at times1 & t might n we> too well if y#8re work+ = h\rs on end4 ,m9d y1 ! rod5ts h _! fri5ds1 especially at ,apple1 :]e1 inconsid]ately1 ! h>dw>e wiz>ds didn't ev5 favor ! ,mac9to% ) cursor keys4 ,joe ,%elton1 ! ,apple products manag] m5tion$ 9 ,*apt] #g1 says he does mo/ ( 8 writ+ ) a m\se4 ,he sugge/s ! m\se-equipp$ ,mac9to% = 8nave us]s40 ,y\r t]m1 ,joe4 ,n[ ,i'll slightly wat] d[n my j]emiads4 ,mac9to%-/yle comput]s (f] nifty graphics & nice (fbeat typefaces4 ,s "s tr5dy writ]s may want "o--rod5t or n4 ,& if y're an executive or someone else n do+ heavy ^w process+8 ,!n maybe1 j maybe1 a m\se is = y4 ,p]haps y're work+ ) spread%eets1 a numb] ( programs 9 fact1 & y write only a small fraction ( ! "t4 ,ri*>d ,webb--a p>tn] at ,peat1 ,m>wick & ,mit*ell1 ! big acc\nt+ firm t advis$ ,apple dur+ developm5t ( ! ,mac9to% & ord]$ ?\s&s ( !m--swe>s by ! m\se = spread%eets4 ,he says t alone w\ld ju/ify ! m\se4 ,i'm n a spread%eet arti/ & w take a pro's ^w4 ,b at lea/ = heavy-duty writ+ & typ+1 ! old cursor keys are my be/ bet4 ,graphics is diff]5t4 ,!re1 ! cursor keys are m cumb]some4 ,"o arti/1 h[ev]1 want$ n a m\se b an electronic 8pad & a /ylus02 he might be happy ) a digitiz+ tablet--also kn[n z a graphics tablet--l ! well-kn[n ,koala,pad4 ,y c write on ?is surface ) a /ylus or y\r f+] & ! comput] w display ! l9es on its scre54 ,a t\*-s5sitive scre5 is /ill ano!r possibility--= "s p--bo? 9 ^w process+ & graphics4 ,y po9t y\r f+] at a spot on ! scre54 ,b+o6 ,y c />t mov+ a p>agraph or p]=m graphics magic4 ,b t\* typi/s may face ! same problem z ) ! m\se--wa/$ motion--& "s p may tire ( rea*+ up to ! scre5 aga9 & aga94 ,also1 t\*-s5sitive scre5s may n be precise en\gh = y to pick out j "o numb] or lett]4 ,hugh ,hunt rais$ an int]e/+ issue4 8,:at happ5s if a fly l&s on ! ,hewlett-,pack>d scre580 he ask$ someone ab\t a comput] ) a t\* scre54 ,well1 ,i he>1 ! ,,hp #aej's scre5 uses infr>$ t\* s5sors t are m ?an fly l5g? f ! glass4 8,debugg+0 ! #aej1 ,hewlett-,pack>d mu/ h ?\ght ( ev]y?+4 ,yet o!r po9t+ devices are3 ,! joy/ick4 ,mov+ ! /ick ar\nd1 y move ! cursor4 ,a neat idea4 ,b x's m fit = video games ?an ^w process+ & _m o!r bus9ess programs--y j c't po9t exactly4 ,! trackball4 ,y move ! cursor by rotat+ a ball inside an enclosure4 ,want ! cursor to g fa/]8 ,!n rotate ! ball m en]getically4 ,! trackball is f\nd mo/ (t5 9 arcade-/yle sy/ems4 ,x's great = *as+ ali5s & may h uses 9 spread%eets & data-base managem5t1 b "s p say x's an abom9ation = ^w process+4 ,! light p51 ) :i* y c\ld electronically 8draw0 on ! scre54 ,draw8 ,okay4 ,write8 ,well1 x's 8wa/$ motion0 "t aga9 "h1 z ) ! o!r items on ?is li/4 ,z comput]s climb ! executive ladd]s--z m nontypi/s use !m--^! alt]natives may gr[ 9 importance4 ,& :at ab\t p on ! factory floor8 ,!y may use su* gizmos to make new inv5tory entries or ma*9e adju/m5ts4 ,p>tly ! _w is le>n+ to type1 & p>tly ! comput] is le>n+ to und]/& devices o!r ?an ! keybo>d4 ,:at cursor-control gizmos are ahead8 ,i'll keep read+ ! ,national ,enquir] articles ab\t p mov+ objects ) _! m9ds4 ,maybe1 ! h>d-core hack]s are ?9k+1 ! next gimmick w feature "s us]-fri5dly ,,esp4 ,,backup ,,xi ,! ,micro ,connection3 ,"s ,critical ,explanations ,:5 ,john ,full] hook$ up 8 ,hea? micro ov] ! phone l9es to ! ,wang at 8 (fice1 he _h a head />t on _m o!r d-x-y\rself telecommut]s4 ,he wasn't a comput] or electronics rookie4 ,= ye>s he _h work$ ar\nd big ,,ibm's & ,honeywells1 & :ile telecommut+1 he 0 a comput] & managem5t consultant ) ! navy4 ,he ev5 sold]$ toge!r 8 ,h-#hi--;a kit4 ,&1 anyway1 he 0 communicat+ ) ano!r small] comput]1 a ,wang ^w processor4 ,does t mean y %\ld give up on d-x-y\rself telecommut+ because ( ! te*nical complexities8 ,no4 ,n at all4 ,be=e hir+ a consultant1 y might consid] two possible s\rces ( free advice3 7#a7 y\r corporate data-process+ dep>tm5t1 if y h "o1 & 7#b7 us]s gr\ps1 ^: phone numb]s y c get ?r\gh deal]s4 ,be=e approa*+ anyone1 ?\gh1 le>n ! basics ( ! te*nology4 ,a modem conv]ts ! #js f y\r comput] into "o pit* & ! #as into ano!r1 & t :9e1 y'll recall1 goes out ov] ! phone l9es4 ,! 8mo0 9 8modem0 /&s = 8modulator02 ! 8dem10 = 8demodulator40 ,& a 8dem0 spr+s into action at ! o!r end--demodulat+ ! :9e back into ! #as & #js4 ,modems come 9 two v>ieties1 direct connect & ac\/ically c\pl$4 ,! direct-connect modem hooks betwe5 ! phone l9e & y\r phone1 or betwe5 y\r phone & ! h&set4 ,its :9e transmits bett] ov] /atic-ridd5 l9es ?an d ac\/ic c\pl]s1 b x's normally a little m exp5sive1 & h>d to in/all if y\r phone lacks modul> plugs1 ! t9y pla/ic ones t unsnap4 ,us+ an ac\/ic c\pl]1 y cradle y\r h&set 9 rubb] 8e>muffs40 ,a small speak] :9es into ! phone transmitt]2 a little microphone picks up ! s\nd f ! h&set's receiv]4 ,ac\/ic c\pl]s don't ne$ phones ) modul> plugs1 obvi\sly--a boon to travel+ executives--b !y might n "w if ! h&set is oddly %ap$1 z x is ) "s ( ! new-/yle phones4 ,also1 l\d noises 9 ! room c confuse !m4 ,a direct-connect modem1 = t reason & o!rs1 w\ld probably be bett] = y\r regul> (fice4 ,also1 consid] a full-duplex modem 9 mo/ cases4 ,no1 x isn't a modem = two-family h\ses4 8,full duplex0 is j j>gon = comput]s jabb]+ back & =?1 bo? ways1 at once4 ,l two p on ! phone4 ,a half-duplex modem w\ld all[ j "o-way communications )\t swit*+2 x's some:at comp>able to a radio ) an unwieldy s5d-receive control4 ,!re are times1 h[ev]1 :5 half duplex w\ld be be/4 ,normal phone l9es1 voice grade ones 9 telephone company language1 c't h&le comput]s jabb]+ at too high a spe$1 & half duplex may "w bett] ?an full4 ,l mo/ modems = p]sonal comput]s 9 ! e>ly #aihjs1 ,full]'s gizmo transmitt$ in=mation at #cjj baud--equival5t to #cjj bits a second1 #cj *>act]s p] second1 or #cfj words p] m9ute at #e lett]s a ^w4 ,:5 telecommut+1 h[ev]1 y may be bett] (f ) a modem go+ #a1bjj baud4 ,aft] all1 x c zip mat]ial ov] ! phone l9es at f\r times ! spe$1 & t means y're ty+ up y\r modem less on long docum5ts4 ,y might n be ty+ up y\rself if y run an op]at+ sy/em l ,concurr5t ,,cp_/,m1 :i* lets y\r comput] h&le electronic mail :ile y're us+ x = o!r purposes2 b a #a1bjj-;baud modem is /ill a good inve/m5t if y c af=d x4 ,y may well be able to4 ,soon #a1bjj-;baud modems ) auto-answ] features w commonly sell = well "u #cjj4 ,s5t ?r\gh a modem1 ! data bits are ^? convey+ ! in=mation itself4 ,& ! />t bits & /op bits keep track ( ! beg9n+s & ends ( y\r micros' *>act]s4 ,! mo/ common sett+ is a ^w l5g? ( #h data bits & #a /op bit4 ,p>ity bits may help ! comput]s *eck = errors caus$ by /atic & o!r electronic noise4 ,p>ity is said to be 8ev510 8odd10 or 8none40 ,?is error-*eck+ me?od has its drawbacks4 ,x may fail if ! mi/akes cancel ea* o!r out--& x's sl[ s9ce x *ecks e "*4 ,"s communications programs 7! ones all[+ comput]s to talk7 lack ?is feature4 ,! mo/ common p>ity sett+ is 8none0--:5 y tell y\r s(tw>e n to d p>ity *ecks4 ,a few o!r wr9kles 9 su* programs are3 ,,file ,,transf] ,t's ! ability to s5d :ole files ( text or data--includ+ programs1 too4 ,,capture ,,ability ,) capture ability y c keep a record ( ea* end ( a keybo>d conv]sation ) bo? p typ+ away4 ,y tell y\r comput] to op5 up a buff] 9 its ,,ram--! tempor>y memory4 ,! buff] captures ! conv]sation4 ,& if x fills up1 "s s(tw>e w automatically 8write0 to y\r floppy disk1 !n reop5 ! buff]4 ,"s programs won't write to ! disk at ! ends ( y\r conv]sations unless y comm& !m to1 mean+ t ! abs5tm9d$ w see _! bits & bytes vani%4 ,,protocol ,,flexibility ,beyond *ang+ bit numb]s1 etc41 y may want s(tw>e t c h&le diff]5t k9ds ( protocols--sets ( rules tell+ h[ comput]s transmit diff]5t sets ( in=mation4 ,"o possible protocol = y to use--at lea/ 9 conv]sations ) o!r micros--w\ld be ! ,,xmodem ,protocol or ,w>d ,*ri/5s5 ,protocol4 ,! receiv+ comput] tallies up ! numb] ( bits & bytes transmitt$ f blocks--t9y p>ts ( mat]ial--& comp>es ?is *eck sum to ! numb] t ! orig9at+ ma*9e says x s5t4 ,& if !re's a mismat*8 ,! receiv+ comput] asks = ! block aga94 ,y might also use no protocol at all4 ,x's z if y're s5d+ mat]ial simply by tapp+ away on ! keybo>d )\t any elaborate rules = ! o!r p]son's ma*9e4 ,y two %\ld /ill1 h[ev]1 agree on basics l baud rate1 data bits1 /op bits1 & p>ity4 ,protocols use h&%ak+ z "p ( _! bags ( tricks4 ,h&%ak+1 comput]s swap bits & bytes to v]ify t !y're on speak+ t]ms4 ,a common =m is ,,xon_/,,x(f4 ,"s ma9frames use ,,xon_/,,x(f to talk to micros & vice v]sa4 ,! receiv+ comput] gives an ,,x(f signal1 tell+ ! transmitt+ "o to pause :ile ! receiv+ ma*9e 8writes0 to its disk4 ,,xon means1 8,okay1 my buff]'s almo/ empty4 ,s5d m60 ,)\t ?is fl[ control1 y might ov]:elm ! buff] & lose in=mation4 ,,automatic ,,dial+ ,,& ,,o!r ,,trimm+s ,"s modems w let ! communications s(tw>e dial = y or at lea/ let y fe$ ! numb] 9 f y\r keybo>d4 ,"s also h automatic log-on4 ,t lets y *eck onto a network or bullet9-bo>d sy/em )\t typ+ out y\r ,,id or password4 ,_m intellig5t modems1 by ! way1 ev5 )\t special s(tw>e1 c rememb] & dial phone numb]s automatically & spit out log-on sequ5ces & passwords4 ,,v]satility ,want to speak to a numb] ( comput]s8 ,!n buy s(tw>e all[+ y to set3 ,baud rate 7spe$ ( transmission74 ,data bits4 ,/op bits4 ,p>ity4 ,t]m9al emulation4 ,x means mak+ ! micro imitate popul> br&s ( t]m9als4 ,half or full duplex4 ,full is mo/ common 9 micro communications4 ,! type ( h&%ak+ protocol4 ,ideally1 ! s(tw>e w also3 ,accommodate a v>iety ( modem types4 ,designate ! ho/--:i* comput] w manage ! e*o back 7:i* makes ! typ$ conv]sation appe> on bo? scre5s74 ,let y *oose diff]5t protocols4 ,all ^? features1 ( c\rse1 might /ill n let y communicate easily ) y\r corporate comput]4 ,x may n use ! ,,ascii code1 = in/ance1 :i* mo/ micros d4 8,s9ce y ,,ascii'd1 anyway10 z ,,pc ,magaz9e once punn$1 8^? five lett]s are an acronym = ! ,am]ican ,/&>d ,code = ,in=mation ,int]*ange40 ,) ,,ascii1 an 8,a0 is "o comb9ation ( #as & #js1 8,b0 is ano!r1 810 is ano!r1 & s on4 ,:5 communicat+ ) a ma9frame capable ( ,,ascii1 x may n matt] :at br& ( micro y're runn+4 ,s don't reflexively ?9k ,big ,blue = telecommut+4 ,! pr\d ,,ibm ma9frames1 h[ev]1 l alo( m&>9s ( old ,*9a1 jabb] away 9 a dialect ( _! own1 ,,ebcdic--x's simil> to ,,ascii b diff]5t en\gh to cause s]i\s problems4 ,n[ t doesn't mean y\r home comput] won't "w ) an ,,ibm ma9frame4 ,b x may require special programm+ t w translate f "o set ( codes to ano!r4 ,( c\rse y\r corporate ma9frame may also ne$ a /r+ ( control *>act]s to op5 or close an electronic file1 & "h y\r ^w-process+ s(tw>e may matt] m ?an y\r communications program4 ,! control *>act]s normally are j lett]s tapp$ out 9 comb9ation ) ! control key to give comm&s to y\r comput]4 ,!y g5]ally don't pr9t out on pap]2 !y may or may n %[ on ! scre54 ,9 ?is case1 controls *>act]s pass ! comm&s on to ano!r ma*9e ov] ! wires4 ,& s y may h to emb$ ! control *>act]s 9 y\r electronic files4 ,if y\r ^w processor won't let y emb$ control *>act]s1 y may n be able to communicate ) "s k9ds ( ma9frames4 ,word,star lets y d ?is4 ,an issue m basic ?an control *>act]s is :e!r y're us+ syn*ron\s or asyn*ron\s communications4 ,! =m] is a /aple among ! big ma9frames2 ! latt]1 among micros4 ,9 syn*ron\s communications1 ! two comput]s or modems employ tim+ signals to sep>ate *>act]s s5t 9 "o /ream4 ,syn*ron\s has a big advantage4 ,y c s5d at #d1hjj baud ov] regul> phone l9es2 y c't ) ! asyn*ron\s me?od1 or at lea/ n ) late #aihd te*nology4 ,b 8syn*0 is m exp5sive--! ne$$ modems typically co/ well ov] #a1jjj4 ,asyn*ron\s1 moreov]1 doesn't require tim+ signals4 ,x's ! simple/ =m ( communications betwe5 comput]s2 & m & m data-process+ dep>tm5ts h add$ asyn*ron\s ports = micros to dial up4 ,john ,full] himself 0 communicat+ n ) a giant comput] b a d$icat$ ^w processor 9 8 (fice1 :i*1 l mo/1 talk$ ,,ascii asyn*ron\sly4 ,he solv$ o!r problems on 8 own4 ,y may ne$ a consultant to d :at ,full] did4 ,b take he>t4 ,x c\ld well be wor? x1 :at ) ! "t & money y\r telecommut+ may sp>e y & y\r employ]4 8,i'm sav+ gas1 dress+ 9 com=table grubbies :5 ,i write10 ,full] said 9 an article ab\t 8 exp]i5ces1 8& ) ! direct connection ,i c prove t ,i'm work+4 ,i turn out my reports fa/]4 ,my comput] is really pay+ (f4 ,n[10 said ! self-deprecat+ ,full]1 8if y'll excuse me1 ,i h to repel invad]s f space40 ,,backup ,,xii ,,modem#g3 ,an ,almo/-,free & ,fairly ,easy ,way to ,talk to ,o!r ,comput]s ,,modem#g may be free1 b x works4 ,) x y c talk to comput]s ?\s&s ( miles away if !y're runn+ ,,modem#g or compatible s(tw>e4 ,normally1 y\r only real exp5se is = ! modem & maybe cables2 y might sp5d z little z #ajj4 ,us+ ,,modem#g1 y c s5d lett]s1 reports1 or programs already on y\r comput] disk4 ,or y c receive !m4 ,y c also3 #a4 ,communicate teletype-fa%ion ) ! o!r p]son4 ,y c keep electronic records ( :at y bo? type & lat] pr9t !m out us+ ,word,star or ano!r ^w processor4 #b4 ,call up electronic bullet9-bo>d sy/ems 7,b,b,ss7 or plug into ,! ,s\rce & _m o!r in=mation utilities4 ,9 ?is case1 too1 y c /ore mat]ial on y\r disk & lat] pr9t x out4 #c4 ,get copies ( o!r programs t altrui/ic comput] buffs h plac$ 9 ! public doma92 y d ?is aft] y log on ! ,,bbs4 ,,modem#g is a good example ( free s(tw>e t fills a ni*e2 exp]ts say x's bett] ?an "s #aej products4 ,mo/ free programs are los]s = ! typical bus9ess4 ,!y're ei!r 7#a7 games1 useless except = tra9+1 7#b7 unreliable lemons ) bugs 9 !m1 ! s(tw>e k9d1 7#c7 programs t might "w b don't d any?+ useful1 or 7#d7 fi5di%ly difficult *all5ges because ! in/ructions are confus+ & no "o h&y kn[s h[ to use !m4 ,b wond]ful exceptions exi/4 ,nev] ?umb y\r nose at some?+ j because x's free4 ,9 ,,modem#g's case y'll f9d m happy1 kn[l$geable us]s ?an y w 9 ! cases ( _m comm]cial programs4 ,,modem#g-/yle protocols h become an indu/ry /&>d4 ,ev5 big bus9esses & gov]nm5t ag5cies1 includ+ ! ,,irs1 h us$ ,,modem#g = "s purposes4 ,x's influ5c$ ! designs ( comm]cial micro programs1 :i* employ simil> te*niques to facilitate l9kups betwe5 diff]5t br&s ( communications s(tw>e4 ,,modem#g w also get along beautifully ) ! popul> ,,pc-,,talk ,,iii 8freew>e0 program = ,,ibm micros & "s clones4 ,freew>e is l[-co/ s(tw>e di/ribut$ 9 _m cases by ! us]s !mselves2 ! au?or may reque/ a 8donation04 ,grant$1 ,,modem#g isn't ! ultimate4 ,! in/ructions includ$ on ! disk are confus+ to ! novice--a problem ,i'll try to ov]come "h--& ready-to-run v]sions ar5't available = e comput] sy/em4 ,"s comm]cial communications s(tw>e1 moreov]1 is easi] to run & c help y talk to m ma*9es4 ,& x may also make bett] use ( ! 8sm>t0 modems & _! s(tw>e s t y\r comput] c dial up o!rs automatically at #aa3jj p4m41 :5 ! phone rates g d[n4 ,y c't d ?is ) y\r *eapie modem & ! pla9 vanilla ,,modem#g describ$ "h4 ,b = ! av]age comput] us]1 ,,modem#g is a good communications program to />t out )4 ,aft] read+ ! in/ructions t foll[1 y ne$n't be a micro :iz to use x4 ,also1 y may f9d t ,,modem#g is z conv5i5t z "s comm]cial s(tw>e = simple tasks1 su* z quickly *eck+ y\r electronic mailboxes on ,! ,s\rce or ,compu,serve4 ,don't =get3 y %\ldn't pay a c5t = ! basic ,,modem#g program itself except = ! co/ ( a copi$ disk or ano!r tok5 fee4 ,x's public-doma9 s(tw>e4 ,s y c legally make copies = all y\r fri5ds & bus9ess contacts :o h modems & ! same ma*9e t y d4 ,b h[ to track d[n y\r own copy8 ,?r\gh ,,cp_/,m us] gr\ps1 y c locate v]sions ( ,,modem#g set up = diff]5t comput]s & disk drives1 or y might f9d an organization ( ,,ibm own]s1 ,kaypro fanatics1 or o!rs4 ,! bett] comput] /ores c /e] y to ! "r p4 ,incid5tally1 if y di/ru/ y\r /ore1 y might n want to say exactly :y y're try+ to cat* up ) a us] gr\p4 ,be> 9 m9d t ! comput] /ore isn't go+ to make a pr(it (f a free program4 ,"s organizations1 h[ev]1 are sell+ ,,modem#g at next to no?+ ?r\gh ! mail4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,public ,doma9 ,s(tw>e ,copy+ ,company says x has v]sions = ! ,,ibm ,,pc & clones1 all ! ,kaypro ma*9es1 ! ,morr[ micros & ,osborne1 among o!rs4 ,! co/ z ( late #aihd 0 #aj4 ,! address is #cc ,gold ,/4 cl#c1 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 #ajjch2 ! telephone numb]1 7#bab7 #gcb-befe4 ,! company also (f]s sep>ate programs t w adju/ /op bits & o!r sett+s1 elim9at+ ! ne$ = programm+4 ,^! programs ar5't univ]sal4 ,l ,,modem#g itself1 !y might n "w = y\r p>ticul> ma*9e4 ,! ,public ,doma9 ,s(tw>e ,copy+ ,company also says x (f]s a l[-co/ program = ! ,apple ,,ii t lets x communicate ) comput]s us+ ,,modem#g4 ,9 addition1 y might also inve/igate ,,pc-,,talk ,,iii1 commonly available ?r\gh ,,ibm us] gr\ps4 ,if !y're e?ical1 !y'll enc\rage y to s5d a small 8donation0 to ,,pc-,talk's orig9ator1 ,&rew ,fluegelman1 :o want$ to save di/ribution exp5ses ?r\gh ?is 8freew>e0 approa*4 ,y ne$n't feel obligat$ to pay until y've tri$ ! program4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 y'll f9d ,,pc-,,talk to be wor? ! #ce or #de x may co/2 ?is s(tw>e is m sophi/icat$ ?an ,,modem#g1 :i* ,i'm focus+ on because ( its simplicity4 ,ano!r excell5t ,,modem#g alt]native--= exp]i5c$ comput]-us]s--is ,,mex4 ,,cp_/,m v]sions are available free ?r\gh us]s gr\ps & "w on _m ma*9es1 includ+ ,kaypros2 & ,night,owl ,s(tw>e 7telephone #hjj_/fdh-cfie or ,,nite[l7 expects to sell x = #ei4ie 9 an ,,ibm v]sion4 ,mo/ ( ,,mex's s5d-&-receive comm&s ov]lap ) ,,modem#g's4 ,,modem#g z ( #ab_/ah_/hj ,orig9ally ,writt5 by ,w>d ,*ri/5s5 ,revisions by ,m>k ,m4 ,zeig]1 ,jim ,mills ,,wrt --,write file to disk 7f t]m9al mode7 ,,del --,erase pres5t file 7f t]m9al mode7 ,,ret --,return to t]m9al mode ) no loss ( data ,,xpr --,toggle exp]t mode 7,m5u on_/(f7 ,,dir --,li/ directory 7may specify drive7 ,,cpm --,exit to ,,cp_/,m ,s --,s5d ,,cp_/,m file ,r --,receive ,,cp_/,m file ,t --,t]m9al mode 7optional file "n7 ,e --,t]m9al mode ) e*o ,,default ,,drive3 ,comm&3 ,,ibm ,,pc own]s1 fe> n6 ,?is ,kaypro v]sion ( ,,modem#g %[s ! same m5u t ! ,,ibm v]sion1 dat$ ,oct4 #ae1 #aihb1 does4 ,! only real diff]5ce is ! ,,ibm adaptation's use ( ! ,,dos comm& in/ead ( ! ,,cpm "o to return to ! comput]'s op]at+ sy/em4 ,"h n[ is a pla9-,engli% guide to ,,modem#g's v]sion ( ,decemb] #ah1 #aihj1 z adapt$ 9 #aihb = ! ,kaypro1 ,,ibm1 & _m o!r ma*9es4 ,,to ,,get ,,ready ,,modem#g has two basic modes = ,teletype-l communications1 8,t]m9al0 & 8,e*o40 ,= bo? p>ties to see bo? ends ( ! conv]sation1 "o mu/ be 9 8t]m9al0 & ! o!r 9 8e*o0 if !y are communicat+ directly4 ,j ! 8t]m9al0 p]son w be able to record on 8 or h] disk4 ,! "o 9 e*o mode c't save ! mat]ial electronically4 ,beg9n+1 y %\ld read y\r comput]'s in/ructions = in=mation on h[ _m /op bits & data bits y\r ma*9e normally runs )4 ,& does x use odd1 ev51 or no p>ity8 ,y might also get ?is in=mation f y\r deal] or us]s gr\p4 ,don't worry "r n[ ab\t kn[+ ab\t ! full mean+s ( ! t]ms4 ,j f9d out :at ! sett+s are4 ,,modem#g doesn't provide = *ang+ ! sett+s4 ,if ! p]son at ! o!r end c't adju/ !m1 ei!r1 & if ^? = 8 ma*9e are diff]5t f y\rs1 y're out ( luck if y don't "k h[ to fix ! program code4 ,y two may h to rea* ea* o!r ?r\gh an electronic mail s]vice t m$iates betwe5 ma*9es4 ,(t51 h[ev]1 micros are set = #a /op bit1 #h data bits1 & no p>ity1 an in=mal /&>d4 ,& j ab\t all dec5t comm]cial programs = communications let y alt] ^! sett+s4 ,s does ,,pc-,,talk ,,iii4 ,9 addition1 ev5 ?\gh ,,modem#g itself won't *ange its bit sett+s1 y\r us] gr\p may h "s free or l[-co/ programs t y c load up to d ! trick--& !n use ,,modem#g4 ,!re's "o o!r little worry4 ,are y & ! o!r p]son s5d+ at ! same spe$ ov] ! phone l9es8 ,! normal spe$ = *eap micro modems is #cjj baud or ab\t #cj *>act]s p] second2 = ! deluxe ones1 #a1bjj baud4 ,don't worry "r n[ ab\t :at a baud is4 ,j make sure y & ! o!r p]son are bo? at ! same spe$4 ,,modem#g (t5 is set at #cjj4 ,"s v]sions may all[ = *ang+ ! s(tw>e to accommodate diff]5t baud rates1 b ! comm& may n "w on y\r p>ticul> br& ( ma*9e4 ,by ! way1 rememb] t y mu/ consid] ! baud rate n only ( ! s(tw>e b ( ! h>dw>e4 ,simply adju/+ y\r s(tw>e to s5d at #a1bjj baud won't d ! trick if y\r modem c rea* only #cjj baud4 ,rememb]1 too1 t ,,modem#g's spe$ comm& won't necess>ily gov]n y\r modem's transmission spe$1 j y\r s(tw>e's4 ,y also want to f9d out h[ to op]ate y\r modem4 ,"s use a physical swit* to *ange f voice to data4 ,o!rs--sm>t modems--use comm&s t y type out :ile y\r modem program is 9 ! t]m9al mode4 ,y c tell a sm>t modem to dial a numb] or answ] ! phone automatically4 ,,to ,,transmit ,,& ,,receive ,,)\t ,,sav+ ,,any?+ ,,on ,,y\r ,,disk ,j ?9k ( y\r comput] & ! o!r p]son's z two ,teletype ma*9es connect$4 ,:5 hitt+ a key on ei!r ,teletype1 y or ! o!r p]son c make ! two bo? pr9t1 "r8 ,well1 x's ! same ) ! comput]s4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! 8pr9t0 is *>act]s on y\r two scre5s4 ,ready8 #a4 ,/>t out ) ! o!r p]son's modem set on ,,orig9ate & y\rs on ,,answ] 7or vice v]sa7 if ! modems lack automatic swit*+4 #b4 ,type ,,modem#g aft] ! ,a prompt ( ,,cp_/,m 7or ,,pc-,,dos74 #c4 ,hit y\r c>riage-return key4 ,! m5u li/+ y\r *oices w fla% onto y\r scre54 #d4 ,hit ! lett] ,t4 #e4 ,tap ! return4 #f4 ,assum+ y're us+ a manual modem1 flick ! swit* to 8data40 ,) a sm>t modem1 y use ! "r key/rokes to awak5 ! gizmo or get x to answ] ! o!r comput]4 ,mo/ sm>t modems n[adays employ comm&s simil> to ^? ( ! ,hayes models4 ,) ,hayes-/yle modems1 if two p are swit*+ f voice to data1 "o w type ,,atd & a c>riage return 7to />t gett+ ! modems talk+71 & ! o!r w type ,,ata 7to answ] electronically74 ,if y're talk+ to ano!r micro or a little t]m9al hook$ up to ! phone at ! o!r end1 y may ne$ to type ,e 7& ! return7 in/ead ( ,t 7& ! return74 ,t's ! e*o mode1 :i* y'll recall diff]s f ! 8t]m9al0 "o4 ,e lets y see y\r own typ+4 ,aga91 normally1 "o micro us] w be 9 e*o1 & "o w use ! /raight t]m9al mode4 ,:5 communicat+ ) a bullet9 bo>d1 ev5 on a micro1 use ! ,t comm& r ?an ,e4 ,h[ to swit* f ! regul> t]m9al mode to ! e*o mode or ! rev]se8 ,y use ,,modem#g's electronic ge> %ift4 ,t's ,control-,e2 don't confuse x ) ! ,e us$ 9 ! e*o mode4 ,y tap out ?is comm& 9 o!r situations1 too1 :5ev] y want to return to ,,modem#g's ma9 m5u4 ,a ,control-,e1 ( c\rse1 consi/s ( hold+ "o f+] on ! ,,cntrl or control button & !n hitt+ ! lett] ,e4 ,"h's a w>n+3 y may ne$ to hit ! l9e fe$ &_/or ! c>riage return at ! end ( ea* l9e = y\r words to come out 9 ! "r places on ! o!r p]son's scre54 ,! t]m9al mode is wor? us+ ev5 :5 y & ! o!r p]son only plan to ex*ange electronic files4 ,if ! t]m9al mode doesn't "w1 !n ! o!rs probably won't1 s use ! t]m9al mode fir/ to pave ! way = file ex*anges4 ,by ! way1 ! t]m9al mode is j ! ticket to communicate ) in=mation utilities l ,! ,s\rce or ) bullet9 bo>ds4 ,,to ,,return ,,to ,,! ,,op]at+ ,,sy/em ,,( ,,y\r ,,comput] ,to return to ,,cp_/,m--to crank up ,word,star or ,p]fect ,writ]1 = in/ance--y3 #a4 ,type ,control-,e4 #b4 ,tap out ,,cpm f ! ma9 m5u4 #c4 ,hit y\r return4 ,b+o6 ,y're back ) ! ,a6 ,& f !re y g on to ,word,star1 etc4 ,if y're us+ ! ,,ibm v]sion ( ,,modem#g1 y use ! comm& ,,dos in/ead ( ,,cpm 7unless y\r m5u says o!rwise74 ,,to ,,transmit ,,mat]ial ,,on ,,y\r ,,disk ,,)\t ,,error ,,*eck+--,,)\t ,a ,,modem#g-,,/yle ,,program ,,at ,,! ,,o!r ,,end ,,modem#g uses ! ,w>d ,*ri/5s5 ,protocol--sometimes call$ ! ,,xmodem ,protocol--to help make sure ! mat]ial is go+ f comput] to comput] okay4 ,if y don't use error *eck+ 9 transmitt+ files1 ! /atic on ! phone l9es may g>ble "s words4 ,y\r comput]1 aft] all1 is j squirt+ y\r file ov] ! phone )\t bo!r+ to f9d out if ! o!r ma*9e is receiv+ x "r4 ,y want error *eck+ if y're transmitt+ or receiv+ s(tw>e2 j "o electronic go(1 j a s+le mess$-up 8"o0 or 8z]o10 c ?r[ ! :ole program out ( :ack4 ,b sometimes1 :5 y ar5't deal+ ) programs1 y'll want to skip error *eck+4 ,t way1 ! transmission w g fa/]4 ,& x'll be easi] = comput]s ) diff]5t communications programs to talk to "o ano!r4 ,!re's /ill no gu>antee y'll communicate1 b ) an indu/ry /&>d l ,,modem#g y h a good %ot at x4 ,"h1 !n1 is :at y d to s5d a file to someone )\t a ,,modem#g-/yle program3 #a4 ,f ,,modem#g's ma9 m5u1 y select ,t & aga9 hit ! return a few times4 #b4 ,f9d out if ! o!r p]son c read words y type4 7,don't worry if y y\rself c't read y\r own words47 #c4 ,tell him 7or h]7 to set up 8 comput] s t1 on pap] or on a disk1 x'll record :at x receives4 #d4 ,once ! o!r p]son is ready--:ile y're /ill 9 ! ,t mode--hit ,t aga91 b ?is second "t y\r f+] is on ! ,control key :ile y're do+ s4 ,! scre5 w ask y ! "n ( ! file y want s5t4 ,normally1 t file w be on y\r data disk1 ! "o on drive ,b4 ,b 9 t case conta9s ! articles1 reports1 etc41 = :i* y may lack room on ! ,a disk conta9+ y\r programs4 7,b if ! docum5t to be s5t is on ,a1 sub/itute t lett] = ,b 9 ! re/ ( ! /eps47 #e4 ,n[ y type ,b3"n ( file4 ,"h & else:]e don't type ! brackets surr\nd+ ! file "n--& please put ! file "n directly aft] ,b3 )\t a space 9 betwe54 #f4 ,next hit y\r return4 ,! disk %\ld />t sp9n+1 & bo? y & ! p]son at ! o!r end %\ld see y\r file fla%+ across ! scre5s4 ,foll[+ transmission1 y\r comput] w say ,,file ,,transf] ,,complet$4 ,! o!r p]son %\ld n[ h an electronic copy on 8 own disk4 ,,to ,,receive ,,copy ,,)\t ,a ,,modem#g-,,/yle ,,error ,,*eck+ #a4 ,get ! two modems talk+1 !n return to ! ma9 m5u4 #b4 ,aga91 select y\r tru/y ,t f ! ma9 m5u4 ,b don't hit y\r return imm$iately4 #c4 ,type a space4 #d4 ,type ,b3! "n ( ! file y're creat+ on ! data disk to receive ! o!r p]son's file4 ,! "n on ,b c be any?+ y want except a file t's already on ! disk4 ,9 o!r words1 if y want to save ! o!r p]son's file "u ! "n ,,magic1 y type3 ,t ,b3,,magic4 #e4 ,hit y\r return once or twice4 #f4 ,!n hit ! lett] ,y ) y\r f+] on ! control key 7,control-,y74 ,y'll see "s colons on ! scre5 :5 mat]ial />ts fla%+ across x4 ,!y won't %[ up1 ?\gh1 9 ! file y're creat+4 ,!y're m]ely an indication t ! comput] is sav+ mat]ial--:e!r x's a file1 an item f a comput] network1 or someone j typ+ away4 #g4 ,type ,control-,e to return to ,,modem#g's ma9 m5u4 #h4 ,!n1 to pres]ve ! file1 8writ+0 to y\r disk1 y mu/ type out ,,wrt1 !n hit y\r return4 ,& t's x4 ,y're done6 ,by ! way1 if1 :ile receiv+ mat]ial1 y decide !re's a "p y don't ne$ sav$1 y c leave t out ( ! file y're creat+4 ,j hit ,control-,y aga94 ,hit x /ill ano!r "t if y want to return to ! 8save0 mode4 ,on "s successors to ,,modem#g su* z ,,mdm#gaa1 a ,control-,r r ?an a second ,control-,y w tell ! comput] to %ut (f ! save feature4 ,?is save feature1 alas1 won't "w on a comput] us+ ! old] ,,modem#g's e*o mode 7?\gh x w ) new] v]sions ( ! program74 ,b y c get ar\nd ! %ortcom+4 ,ask ! o!r p]son 9 advance to make a two-way record ( y\r conv]sation & s5d x to y6 ,h[ to receive x8 ,well1 aft] y've transmitt$ 9 ! ,e or e*o mode1 y c %ift to ,t ) a file "n add$ to save mat]ial4 ,please also rememb] t ,,modem#g's capture buff]--! feature lett+ x save incom+ mat]ial to y\r disk--is small4 ,(t5 ! buff] c't "w safely ) files bigg] ?an #af,k4 ,t's ab\t eight d\ble-spac$ pages4 ,if y're us+ a ,w>d ,*ri/5s5 ,protocol1 h[ev]1 files c normally be z long z disk space all[s4 ,pr9t+ ! sav$ mat]ial1 y may exp]i5ce "s problems because diff]5t ^w processors ar5't absolutely compatible ) ea* o!r4 ,y may see odd =mat comm&s1 = in/ance1 l 80s 7noticeable to ,word,star buffs read+ ! files ( _! n-s-,p]fect ,writ] fri5ds7 or 84,,he0 7a ,word,star comm& t may baffle ! ,p]fect cr[d74 ,b once y get ! hang ( x1 y c usually 8clean up0 su* 8g>bage40 ,,to ,,transmit ,,copy ,,to ,,someone ,,) ,a ,,modem#g-,,/yle ,,program #a4 ,get ! modems to />t jabb]+ to ea* o!r4 #b4 ,f ,,modem#g's ma9 m5u1 type ,s ,b3"n ( ! data disk file y want to transmit--ei!r a program or a lett] or o!r docum5t4 ,! ,b3 %[s ! file is on ! ,b disk4 ,if x isn't1 j type ,s & ! "n ( ! file--= in/ance1 ,s ,,magic4 ,if ,,magic is on ,b1 type ,s ,b3,,magic4 #c4 ,hit ! return4 ,soon y\r comput] %\ld />t con/antly ask+ ! o!r ma*9e if x's gett+ y\r file okay4 ,if x isn't8 ,!n y\r comput] w consci5ti\sly try aga94 ,b its pati5ce is limit$4 ,x'll give up ev5tually if ! two ma*9es & _! s(tw>e ar5't on speak+ t]ms4 ,& if ev]y?+ does "w8 ,y\r comput] w beep :5 x's ?r\gh or at lea/ fla% a message lett+ y "k t x's done4 ,note3 ,if ! o!r p]son is us+ "s v]sions ( ,,modem#g1 y may h to ask him to swit* on ! 8*eck sum0 =m ( error *eck+4 ,?is guide is = ! simple old ,,modem#g1 n new] v]sions4 ,mo/ ( ! comm&s1 h[ev]1 w also "w ) ! updat$ v>ieties1 & ( c\rse all v]sions ( ,,modem#g c communicate ) ea* o!r1 subject to m9or adju/m5ts4 ,"s v]sions use ! ,,tcc comm& to turn on ! *eck-sum mode4 ,,to ,,receive ,,f ,,someone ,,) ,a ,,modem#g-,,/yle ,,program #a4 ,fire up y\r modem4 #b4 ,type ,r ,b3new file "n4 #c4 ,hit y\r return4 ,y\r comput] w tell y :5 x's ?r\gh receiv+4 ,rememb]1 ! mat]ial w %[ up on y\r data disk4 ,if y want ! mat]ial on ! o!r disk1 j type ,r ,a3file "n in/ead4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,out ,,9 ,a ,,hurry ,,if ,,y\r ,,comput] ,,sav$ ,a ,,file ,,s5t ,,by ,,modem 7,,assum+ ,,y',,re ,,us+ ,,an ,,op]at+ ,,sy/em ,,l ,,cp_/,m ,,or ,,pc-,,dos7 #a4 ,g to ! ,a prompt4 #b4 ,type ! ^w ,,type1 !n a space1 !n ! "n ( ! file--prec$$ by a ,b31 ( c\rse1 if x's on ! data disk4 ,imm$iately aft] ! ,a y %\ld h ! equival5t ( ,,type ,b3,,magic4 #c4 ,!n hit y\r return4 ,?is is a ,,cp_/,m & ,,pc-,,dos proc$ure4 ,,to ,,erase ,a ,,file 7,,f ,,cp_/,m7 ,d ! above1 except sub/itute ,,era = ,,type4 ,say y want to erase ,,magic4 ,j type ,,era ,b3,,magic4 ,,to ,,erase ,a ,,file 7,,if ,,y',,re ,,us+ ,,pc-,,dos7 ,use ,,del in/ead ( ,,era4 ,type ,,del ,b3,,magic4 ,,to ,,erase ,a ,,file ,,f ,,)9 ,,! ,,modem#g ,,program ,type ,,del ,b3,,magic or :atev] ! file "n is4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,out ,,:at',s ,,on ,,y\r ,,disks ,,:ile ,,y',,re ,,us+ ,,modem#g #a4 ,type ,,dir f ! ma9 ,,modem#g m5u4 #b4 ,type a space4 #c4 ,type ,b34 #d4 ,hit y\r return4 ,?is w %[ ! cont5ts ( ! ,b drive1 normally us$ = /or+ data4 ,to see ,a drive's cont5ts1 y m]ely type ,,dir & hit ! return4 ,,to ,,use ,,! ,,directory ,,feature ,,:ile ,,y',,re ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,( ,a ,,file ,,y ,,use ,,to ,,save ,:at if y want to save ! o!r p]son's message us+ ! ,t ,b3,,magic me?od--b 9 ! middle ( ! conv]sation y also want to *eck ! cont5ts ( y\r disk via ! ,,dir comm&8 ,h[ d y prev5t ! ,,magic f disappe>+ except = ! "n on y\r file li/8 ,aft] all1 an electronic file is l gas inside a bottle4 ,y mu/ 8cap0 x ) a ,,wrt comm&1 or ! gas w leak out ! top4 ,& y c't re5t] y\r file by typ+ ano!r ,t ,b3,,magic4 ,b y c get back to ,t ,b3,,magic by typ+ ,,ret aft] ! ,,dir comm&4 ,,to ,,get ,,! ,,m5u ,,(f ,,! ,,scre5 ,,once ,,y ,,"k ,,! ,,ropes ,f ! ma9 m5u1 type ,,xpr4 ,hit ! return4 ,,to ,,*ange ,,! ,,baud ,,rate ,if y're us+ ,,modem#g ) a #cjj-;baud modem1 y don't worry2 ! s(tw>e normally comes set = t spe$4 ,) a #a1bjj-;baud modem1 y may be able to accommodate ! high] spe$ ?is way3 #a4 ,ent] ! ,t mode ( ,,modem#g f ! ma9 m5u4 #b4 ,hit ! return sev]al times4 #c4 ,tap ,control-,b4 ,y'll !n see a reque/ = a new baud rate4 #d4 ,type ! "r numb] 7#cjj = #cjj baud1 #abjj = #a1bjj2 d n use commas--,,modem#g doesn't l !m "h74 #e4 ,hit y\r return4 ,please note t at lea/ on my ,kaypro ,,ii ! ,control-,b comm& doesn't "w4 ,?is may h be5 due simply to my ma*9e's quirks4 ,aga91 don't =get t ,,modem#g's successors op]ate some:at diff]5tly & may use a comm& su* z ,,set or ,,tim to set up ! baud selection4 ,& rememb]1 too1 t ! old ,,modem#g's baud comm& won't control ! spe$ ( y\r modem 7al?\gh "s modems w automatically pick up ! baud rate ( ! "o at ! o!r end74 ,?anks to ,jon ,alb]s1 ,eric ,mey]1 ,rick ,nelson1 & ,pat ,ehresmann = *eck+ ! accuracy & cl>ity ( ! above in/ructions4 ,blame me1 h[ev]1 if any?+'s wrong4 ,my in/ructions are a simplification (3 ,,cp_/,m ,,modem ,,program ,,docum5tation by ,m>k ,m4 ,zeig] & ,james ,k4 ,mills #aa_/jd_/hj ,! ,,modem#g-/yles programs h _! orig9s 9 ! "w ( ,w>d ,*ri/5s51 an ,,ibm employee & public-spirit$ comput] hobbyi/4 ,a ,,modem#g ,*eat ,%eet ,snip ?is out6 ,x's a h&y summ>y ( comm&s = ! free ,,modem#g program4 ,,to ,,make ,,modem#g ,,appe> ,,on ,,y\r ,,comput] ,,scre53 ,type ,,modem#g f ! ,a prompt & hit y\r c>riage return4 ,y'll end up 9 ! program's ma9 m5u4 ,or if y're us+ a new program1 y might in/ead see a scre5 tell+ h[ to rea* ! m5u4 ,,to ,,use ,,! ,,teletype-,,l ,,t]m9al ,,mode3 ,tap ! lett] ,t & a c>riage return aft] ! ma9 m5u appe>s4 ,y c use ?is mode ) ,! ,s\rce1 ,,mci ,mail1 & o!r on-l9e s]vices4 ,,to ,,use ,,! ,,e*o ,,mode3 ,type ,e & ! return4 ,= ,teletype-l use :5 ! o!r ma*9e is 9 8,t]m9al40 ,,to ,,g ,,f ,,"o ,,mode ,,to ,,ano!r3 ,use ,control-,e4 ,?is ge>%ift mode returns y to ! ma9 m5u4 ,,to ,,s5d ,,mat]ial ,,on ,,y\r ,,disk ,,)\t ,,! ,,w>d ,,*ri/5s5 ,,error-,,*eck+ ,,protocol3 ,type ,control-,t aft] y're 9 ! t]m9al mode4 ,give ! "n ( ! file to transmit4 ,"h1 z 9 o!r cases1 prec$e ! "n by ,b3 7no space aft] ! 37 if ! file is on ,drive ,b4 ,hit y\r c>riage return4 ,,to ,,receive ,,mat]ial ,,)\t ,a ,,protocol3 ,aft] typ+ ! usual ,t 9 ! t]m9al mode1 y skip a space4 ,!n specify ! "n ( ! file :]e y'll collect ! receiv$ data4 ,n[ hit y\r return sev]al times4 ,use ,control-,y to tell y\r comput] to />t sav+ mat]ial2 also use x to turn (f ! save feature4 7,on new] v]sions ( ,,modem#g1 ,control-,r might be ! (f swit*47 ,,important3 ,aft] y've f9i%$ talk+ to ! o!r ma*9e1 y mu/ return to ! ma9 m5u & type ,,wrt & return4 ,o!rwise y\r comput] won't save ! mat]ial on ! disk4 ,,to ,,s5d ,,to ,,someone ,,) ,a ,,modem#g-,,/yle ,,protocol3 ,type ,s1 skip a space1 !n type ! "n ( ! file t y'll s5d--) ! ,b3 be=e x if necess>y4 ,hit ! c>riage return4 ,,to ,,receive ,,f ,,someone ,,) ,a ,,modem#g-,,/yle ,,protocol3 ,type ,r4 ,skip a space4 ,!n type ! "n ( ! file :]e ! mat]ial w %[ up1 us+ ,b3 if ne$$4 ,hit ! return4 ,,to ,,return ,,to ,,! ,a ,,prompt3 ,f ,,modem#g's ma9 m5u1 type ,,cpm if y're us+ a ,,cp_/,m v]sion l ! ,kaypro "o4 7,! ,,ibm v]sion sub/itutes ,,dos = ,,cpm47 ,hit y\r return4 ,,backup ,,xiii ,:y ,n an ,electronic ,peace ,corps8 ,9 a ,*icago suburb a #ej1jjj-;a-ye> eng9e] sp5ds c\ntless h\rs twiddl+ ) 8 new ,,ibm ,,pc4 ,! te*nology engrosses him1 b he lacks a s5se ( purpose4 ,9 ,s\!a/ ,asia1 mean:ile1 a "y man wre/les ) calculations ne$$ to build an irrigation dam4 ,he ?9ks 8 figures are correct b isn't c]ta91 & ?\s&s ( p w die if ! dam collapses4 ,c ! ,*icago eng9e] someh[ help 8 c\nt]p>t abroad8 ,!re is a way if politicians = once w appeal to ! bett] in/9cts ( te*nicians4 ,an ,electronic ,peace ,corps 7,,epc7 c\ld br+ ^! two toge!r & (f] ! ,?ird ,_w "s ( ! be/ int]national te*nical exp]tise via comput] networks4 ,useful comput]s sell = ar\nd a ?\s& doll>s1 & mu* bett]1 *eap]1 small] comput]s are on ! way4 ,:at's m1 ?anks to satellites1 int]national communications prices are fall+2 & #a1jjj-^w messages any:]e 9 ! _w1 via special packet-swit*+ networks1 c\ld co/ j #a ea*4 ,s ! ,,epc ne$n't ?reat5 ! taxpay]s ) a major burd54 ,by ess5tially export+ k in/ead ( p1 x 9 fact w\ld increase ! impact ( economic-aid doll>s4 ,! ,,epc c\ld emphasize basics l public heal?1 agriculture1 transportation1 con/ruction1 manufactur+1 & communications4 ,9 c>ry+ out ! idea1 a gov]nm5t or int]national ag5cy might keep comput] files li/+3 ,! skills & in=mation requir$ 9 specific und]develop$ c\ntries4 ,p abroad :o ne$$ help4 ,^? :o might be able to (f] x4 ,mo/ ( ! corpsm5 w\ldn't ev5 be comput] exp]ts--j p ) ! "r te*nical kn[h[4 ,"s might be ex-,peace ,corpsm54 ,o!rs might receive special cultural indoctr9ation simil> to traditional ,peace ,corps tra9+4 ,once 9 ! ,,epc1 ! corpsm5 might regul>ly correspond via ,e-,mail at nights & on week5ds or on occasion 8talk0 in/antly to ,?ird ,_w c\nt]p>ts4 ,( c\rse1 n e ,?ird ,_w b5efici>y might use a micro4 ,"s might submit writt5 que/ions t local ,peace ,corps (fices c\ld pass on electronically 7"o way to mitigate ! language problem74 ,e-,mail1 incid5tally1 ne$n't be ! only =m ( comput] communications available ?r\gh ! ,,epc4 ,! organization c\ld (f] electronic bullet9 bo>ds ) ! names ( p ei!r ne$+ or (f]+ in=mation on subjects l biological pe/ control or sol> p[]4 ,t way1 ! ,,epc's b5efici>ies w\ld feel z if !y _h m ( a *oice4 ,9 addition1 !re might be ongo+ comput] conf]5ces on topics ( common conc]n4 ,obvi\sly1 ! ,,epc w\ldn't replace =eign-aid exp]ts 9 ! field1 & x w\ldn't aid p directly at ! village level4 ,x w\ldn't h& out lap-siz$ portables to b>efoot f>m]s4 ,r1 ! ,,epc w\ld help eng9e]s1 doctors1 sci5ti/s1 & o!r p engag$ 9 developm5t 9 _! own c\ntries4 ,corpsm5 9 ! field w\ld "w ) local gov]nm5ts to make c]ta91 = in/ance1 t a ,new ,delhi slumlord didn't use ! ,,epc to automate 8 dunn+ op]ation4 ,typical ,,epc b5efici>ies might be ,indians try+ to set up a m effici5t gra9-/orage network1 millions ( ,?ird ,_w p are />v+ because ! food goes to ! wrong places4 ,sometimes1 incid5tally1 ! 8wrong places0 include ! w>eh\ses ( ?ieves1 & comput]iz$ records c\ld r$uce ! opportunities = corruption4 ,_m problems are political or economic1 ( c\rse4 ,! ,,epc w\ld limit itself to te*nical issues & try to be z apolitical z possible1 j z ! int]national ,r$ ,cross focuses on relief r ?an ideology4 ,ano!r ,,epc b5efici>y might be a communications speciali/ hop+ to in/all a satellite l9k2 = obvi\s reasons1 bett] communications might be "o ( ! ,,epc's fir/ priorities4 ,! ,,epc might help dome/ic & =eign gr\ps work+ t[>d ?is goal4 ,ev5 c\ntries ) poor phone l9es1 ( c\rse1 c receive "s comput] messages 9 ! l>ge cities4 ,yet o!r b5efici>ies c\ld include3 ,colombian doctors :o want$ to fight an epidemic ) ! late/ in=mation sp$ ov] ! comput] l9es4 ,a civil eng9e] 9 ,p]u work+ on a road or bridge = isolat$ villag]s :o hop$ to sell food to cities4 ,a rural-assi/ance adm9i/rator 9 ,k5ya4 ,micros c\ld help 8 /aff]s keep abrea/ ( ! newe/1 be/ way to dig a well or treat a dys5t]y-/rick5 baby4 ,! ,,epc w\ldn't j promote ! fl[ ( in=mation f c\ntries l ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! s-call$ less]-develop$ c\ntries4 ,among !m1 too1 x w\ld spe$ up ! spread ( practical solutions to common problems4 ,le>n+ ( an efficaci\s home rem$y1 = example1 a rural-assi/ance gr\p 9 ,ecuador might pass ! in=mation on = possible global dissem9ation4 ,x j might save ! life ( a *ild 9 ,p]u4 ,by keep+ track ( ! bett] home rem$ies 9 ! ,?ird ,_w1 9 fact1 an ,am]ican drug rese>*] might discov] some?+ t *eck$ out sci5tifically--z has happ5$ 9 ! pa/4 ,"s ,?ird ,_w c\ntries or gr\ps ( !m might want to />t _! own ,e,p,cs4 ,r ?an preempt+ ^! ef=ts1 an ,am]ican or int]national ,,epc c\ld aid !m1 !reby multiply+ ! b5efits ( ! orig9al organization & =e/all+ fe>s ( electronic imp]ialism4 ,! ,,epc c\ld h a dome/ic v]sion1 too4 ,because ( l[] communications co/1 ! ,home ,corps 7a fri5d's phrase7 might take m *ances help+ nonexp]ts )\t cr$5tials4 ,a gift$ high s*ool writ] on ,*icago's ,s\? ,side might tap out %ort /ories on a s*ool comput]1 = example1 & a fam\s au?or across t[n might zip ! files back1 ) comm5ts easily ins]t$ electronically4 ,! two might meet a few times 9 p]son1 !n c>ry on via comput] )\t ! hassles & m5ace ( urban travel4 ,likewise1 an ,evan/on bus9ess executive might volunte] help to a bus9esswoman 9 a small t[n _m miles away4 ,! mo/ urg5t ne$ = ,,epc-/yle assi/ance1 h[ev]1 is 9 ! ,?ird ,_w1 :]e1 because ( te*nical backw>dness1 s _m are />v+4 ,! idea isn't s f>fet*$4 ,9 fact ! ,?ird ,_w is already enjoy+ "s simil> help 9 a small way4 ,! ,,c>9et comput] network l9ks ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,c>ibbean1 ,s\!a/ ,asia1 & ,africa4 ,long be=e h>ve/ "t a ,jamaican f>m] c le>n h[ promis+ a m>ket !re'll be = 8 crop 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--or an ,african pott] c f9d out h[ to make a c]amic insulator = 8 local phone company4 ,j]ome ,gl5n1 an (ficial ) ,p>tn]%ip = ,productivity ,int]national1 ! ,wa%+ton-bas$ gr\p beh9d ,,c>9et1 says ! answ]s (t5 come 9 j a day4 8,mail takes too long & ,telex is too exp5sive10 notes ano!r ,peace ,corps alumnus1 n[ head+ a nutrition gr\p t works to export ,u4,s4 te*nical savvy ?r\gh m conv5tional means4 ,_m =eign aid & comput] exp]ts h simil> feel+s4 ,! te*nicians1 sure en\gh1 are f> ahead ( ! politicians4 ,"o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ te*nicians ( !m all--,ar?ur ,c4 ,cl>ke1 ! fa!r ( ! communications satellites--describes ! ,,epc proposal z 8an excell5t idea40 ,reaction f ,?ird ,_w c\ntries has be5 favorable4 ,n>5 ,*itty1 a ,sri ,lankan diplomat1 says ! concept is 8a positive approa* to te*nology transf]0 9 8^! days :5 #8electronic imp]ialism' is a cat*word40 ,& a ,saudi ,arabian communications speciali/ likewise advocates comput] & networks = ! ,?ird ,_w4 ,he says3 8,i _h a t]rible argum5t ) ?is ,indian man :o said1 #8,my p are />v+ to dea?1 & y talk ab\t microcomput]s4' ,& ,i said1 #8,x's because ( food di/ribution--! food isn't gett+ !re4 ,! reason !y're />v+ is t !y don't h ! b5efits t comput]s c\ld br+4'0 ,,po/script3 ,j z ,i 0 f9i%+ ?is book ,i he>d f my fri5d ! ,saudi ,arabian communications speciali/1 ,om> ,alf>\q4 ,om> says ,,epc-/yle ef=ts are already realities 9 "s places--n j dreams4 ,via ,,mci ,mail f ,cali=nia1 he told me ( 8! creation ( an ,in=mation network ?r\gh\t ,?ird ,_w1 accessible )9 our own cultural ref]5ce4 8,x has bloom$ "u sponsor%ip ,gulf ,coop]ation ,c\ncil2 data banks = f>m]s1 m$ical work]s 9 ,arabic accessible by p]sonal comput] f ,oman to ,kuwait2 anyone c access ?\gh x is mo/ (t5 done ?r\gh local ,m9i/ry ( ,in=mation (fice2 w be ti$ 9 ) univ]sity in=mation sy/ems4 ,x's mov+ alhamdullilah ?anks to ,god40 ,om> says ! idea = ?is net goes back to #aiha4 ,he cont9ues3 8,y\r ,electronic ,peace ,corps is alive & well & work+ wond]s 9 ,africa at pres5t "t1 am surpris$ y are n !re do+ x4 ,i j return$1 am "h to regr\p1 en]gy burn-out t]rible4 ,= example ,sahel #hd is a ,fr5* gr\p #cj1 lorries w_/ food_/m$ic9e1 "o light plane ) gr\nd /ation ti$ into ,,inm>sat2 satellite %[s gr\nd picture :]e p h sunk d[n hopeless 9 endless rea*es ( ,nig]1 ,mali etc41 guides convoy to place ( ne$2 communication l9k back to ,p>is advises ( fur!r food_/m$ic9e ne$1 diagno/ic advice1 ^! help$ :ile o!r ab&onees are be+ locat$4 ,t's ,sahel #hd4 8,mobility #hd is ,briti% ) l&-rov] z gr\nd /ation ) a comput]1 ^w-process+1 works 9 we/ c5tral ,africa1 put toge!r by ,alan ,b5jam9 ( ,,cap s(tw>e 9 ,engl&1 ,contact him he is do+ :at y are brood+ ab\t4 8,m$ec9es sans ,frontr]es also has sat-data l9k to ,p>is f its camp s\? ,s\dan j ov] bord] f ,e?iopia = ,tigre refugees2 ,tigre p 9 t]rible %ape4 ,data banks c in%a'allah if ,god wills save ,s\dan f becom+ l ,e?iopia--x's gett+ t way fa/4 ,contact ,gordon ,mac,rae1 deputy editor ( ,economi/ 9 ,london = fur!r up-dates1 also ,jim ,grant ( ,,unicef4 8,congratulations on yr book4 ,b ! real po9t ( data ex*ange is its trem5d\s humanit>ian impact :i* is s desp]ately ne$$ 9 places t w nev] ev] see any?+ l a telephone4 ,timely =eca/+ c prev5t ,?ird ,_w suff]+4 ,or ev5 9 ,am]ica4 ,t's y\r next book4 ,see y 9 ,addis4444 wa salaam good-bye1 ,om>40 ,am]icans inv5t$ ! transi/or1 ! micro*ip1 p]sonal comput]s2 n[ if only we'll cat* up ) ! ,briti%1 ,fr5*1 & ,saudis 9 br++ ! te*nology to ! p :o mo/ ne$ x6 ,?anks6 ,my ,victor #ijjj & ,panasonic pr9t] ideally c\ld spew out a li/ ( p to ?ank--/>t+ ) ^? :o mo/ des]v$ x4 ,z a m]e human1 h[ev]1 ,i don't feel up to rank+ anyone o!r ?an to m5tion ! big n9e3 ,mi*ael ,canyes1 a pr(essional comput] consultant :o gave doz5s ( h\rs ( 8 "t 9 ! be/ us]-to-us] tradition4 ,mack ,trusl[1 an old fri5d on :om ,i cruelly inflict$ page aft] page ( r\gh drafts4 ,david ,fay ,smi?1 a writ]_/comput] exp]t :o 0 ! te*nical editor & :o himself is ! au?or ( ,a ,comput] ,diction>y = ,kids & ,o!r ,beg9n]s 7,ballant9e1 #i4ie74 ,don ,c>rol1 ! cov] arti/4 ,rob]t ,b4 ,wyatt1 editor-9-*ief ( ,ballant9e ,books1 :o _h ! imag9ation & c\rage to make ?is a mass-m>ket pap]back4 ,ri*>d ,mc,coy1 8 assi/ant4 ,frank ,lav5a1 ! copy$itor4 ,pat ,ehresmann ( ! ,r&om ,h\se production /aff1 :o is an innovator 9 ! _s ( ?is book4 ,ru? ,aley1 a leg5d>y lit]>y ag5t :om writ]s h be5 ?ank+ = decades--p]haps beg9n+ ) ,irv+ ,/one4 ,b]5ice ,h(fman1 h] p>tn] on ?is project4 ,%opp+ = a comput] :ile ,i 0 writ+ ,! ,silicon ,jungle1 %e 0 a p]fect te/ read]4 ,9 addition ,i'll ?ank ! ,fairfax ,c\nty ,public ,libr>y ,sy/em1 especially ! ,fairfax ,city bran*'s bus9ess room4 ,?anks also to ! ,m>?a ,wa%+ton1 ,george ,mason1 & ,%]wood bran*es4 7,comput]iz$ databases w nev] d away ) fir/-rate libr>ians47 ,) ! und]/&+ t my li/ isn't necess>ily 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