,illu/ration3 ,,frontispiece4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,ar*itectural ,,modell+ ,,9 ,,pap]4 ,,by ,t4 ,a4 ,,ri*>dson1 ,,ar*itect4 ,,) ,,illu/rations ,,design$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or1 ,,& ,,engrav$ ,,by ,o4 ,,jewitt4 ,,london3 ,,john ,,weale1 #ei1 ,,high ,,holborn4 #ahei4 ,,london3 ,,bradbury ,,& ,,evans1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,:itefri>s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface4 ,9 (f]+ ! foll[+ practical diss]tation 7! fir/ ev] yet publi%$7 ^u ! ,art ( ,ar*itectural ,modell+1 ! ,au?or feels t he is supply+ a want t mu/ h be5 long felt by _m /ud5ts & o!rs 9 ! ar*itectural pr(ession4 ,! utility ( ! 8,model10 c\pl$ ) its beauty1 is ample recomm5dation ( ! /udy2 & ! modell] w be able to furni% ! ar*itect ) sure & c]ta9 means t he may f9d weighty difficulties surm\nt$1 especially 9 ! case ( uncompreh5d+ cli5ts1 by giv+ to !m ! designs ( _! edifices ) a di/9ctness almo/ equal to ! real "w :5 complet$4 ,) _m cli5ts1 ev5 8p]spectives0 are poorly und]/ood1 :i* seldom fails to cause "s slight dissatisfaction on _! "p :5 !y see too late c]ta9 ?+s t ! eye w\ld h detect$ 9 ! model & correct$ 9 ! outset4 ,models are becom+ v g5]al1 :]e build+s are subjects ( competition2 & z ?is c\rse ( proc$ure & hon\rable enc\nt] bids fair 7:5 we$$ ( "s ( its pres5t objections7 to op5 up a good & hon\rable sy/em1 :]eby ! 8race may be to ! swift10 ! importance ( ! foll[+ brief & simple ,treatise on ! subject1 becomes d\bly cle>4 ,t4 ,a4 ,r4 ,,*e/]1 ,m>*1 #ahei4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,preface iii ,,introduction #ac ,,"p ,i4 ,,( ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,requir$4 ,,pap] #ai ,,adhesive ,,mat]ial #ba ,,o!r ,,requisites #bb ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,in/rum5ts ,,necess>y4 ,,cutt+ ,,bo>d #bd ,,modell+ ,,press #be ,t ,,squ>e #bi ,,adju/+ ,,/raight ,,edge #ca ,,cutt+ ,,knives #cc ,,adju/+ ,,knife ,,compass #cf ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,! ,,comm5cem5t ,,& ,,f9i% ,,( ,a ,,model4 ,,outl9e ,,plan #dj ,,?ickness ,,( ,,pap] ,,= ,,walls #dj ,,outl9+ ,,! ,,elevation #da ,,w9d[ ,,frames #dd ,,gr\nd ,,plan1 ,,outl9e ,,plan #de ,,glass ,,or ,,o!r ,,back+ ,,to ,,w9d[s #dh ,,doors #di1 #ea ,,=m+ ,,mitres #eb ,,incid5tal ,,pressure ,,dur+ ,,progress #ed ,,fix+ ,,! ,,model ,,toge!r #ed ,,block+ ,,pieces ,,to ,,angles #ed ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,f9al ,,fa/5+ ,,to ,,/& #ef ,,me?od ,,( ,,ins]t+ ,,! ,,wood ,,/ay #eg ,,! ,,cornice #ei ,,m\ld+ ,,tools #fj ,,details ,,( ,,w9d[s #fa ,,circul> ,,p$im5ts #fd ,,quo9s #fd ,,circul> ,,ar*itraves #fe ,,key/ones #fe1 #ff ,,cantaliv]s #ff ,,cutt+1 ,,curves #ff ,,pla9 ,,ar*itraves #fg ,,cutt+ ,,9 ,,g5]al ,,) ,,! ,,knife #fh ,,details ,,( ,,w9d[s #fi ,,! ,,gre5h\se #gc1 #ge ,,pila/]s #ge ,,cap ,,& ,,base #ge ,,ro( ,,( ,,gre5h\se #gf1 #gg ,,cornice ,,& ,,pl9? #gi ,,*imneys #gi ,,ro( ,,( ,,h\se #hc1 #hd1 #he ,,remov+ ,,! ,,model #hh ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,f9al ,,/& #hh ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,glass ,,%ade #hi ,,fix+ ,,! ,,model ,,to ,,its ,,/& #hi ,,go?ic ,,ar*itecture1 ,,& ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,9 ,,gloss>y #ij ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,l&scape ,,g>d5+4 ,,introduction #ia ,,p$e/als1 ,,sun ,,dials1 ,,gate ,,pi]s1 ,,balu/]s #ic ,,imitations ,,( ,,lawns1 ,,grass1 ,,etc4 #id ,,wat]1 ,,rocks1 ,,& ,,grottoes #id ,,walks1 ,,drives1 ,,fl[] ,,b$s1 ,,trees1 ,,& ,,%rubs #ie ,,"p ,v4 ,a ,,gloss>y1 ,,conta9+ ,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,work+ ,,v>i\s ,,details #ig ,,n ,,hi!rto ,,describ$ ,,to ,,! ,,read]4 ,,f9is4 #aaa ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,ar*itectural ,,modell+ ,,9 ,,pap]4 ,,introduction4 ,! art ( ,ar*itectural ,modell+ is n s difficult to acquire1 z an obs]v]1 exam9+ a model & admir+ ! m9ut5ess ( its p>ts1 w\ld be l$ to suppose4 ,b 9 ord] to ga9 a c]ta9 degree ( pr(ici5cy1 a l>ge am\nt ( pati5ce & p]sev]ance is absolutely necess>y4 ,! great beauties ( a model consi/1 fir/ly1 9 p]fect symmetry & correctness ( p>ts1 all ! angles be+ cle>1 well-def9$1 & %>p1 ! v>i\s m9uti ( detail accurately del9eat$2 & secondly1 to ! /raightness & ev5ness ( ! horizontal & p]p5dicul> l9es4 ,x w be1 !re=e1 readily und]/ood1 t x is ^! portions ( ! manipulation :i* dem& ! /ud5t's att5tion1 m p>ticul>ly z ! jo9+ ( ! pap] or c>dbo>d by means ( a mitre1 z well z ! cutt+ ( l9es on ! slant 9 ei!r a horizontal or curv$ direction1 is some:at difficult4 ,^! difficulties :i* arise 9 ! /ud5t's pa? are1 h[ev]1 easily to be ov]come1 & he mu/ n gr[ fa9t-he>t$ if1 aft] repeat$ trials1 he does n succe$ 9 produc+ ! requir$ effect4 ,r at ?is juncture let him exam9e "s model by an adept 9 ! art1 comp>+ 8 "w ) x4 ,by ^! means he w be enabl$ to see ! po9ts 9 8 own requir+ improvem5t1 & !n let him cont9ue to lab\r p]sev]+ly & dilig5tly until he ga9s a p]fect comm& ( 8 knife & mat]ials1 & few w be f\nd b w admit t ! result at la/ obta9$ fully repays him = 8 "t & lab\r4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! art is ( v great antiquity1 & t 9 =m] times no build+ ( importance 0 erect$ )\t "o hav+ be5 previ\sly con/ruct$4 ,?is n only aid$ ! successful c>ry+ out ( ! ar*itect's draw+s1 b enabl$ him & 8 employ] to judge bett] z to ! g5]al effect ! "w w\ld h :5 complet$4 ,we h m5tion made ( models z e>ly z #aedf1 :5 ,san ,gallo 7a pupil ( ,bramante1 ! orig9al ar*itect ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 at ,rome71 ei!r himself con/ruct$1 or caus$ to be1 a model ( 8 propos$ designs = t magnific5t /ructure1 9 ord] t ! :ole might be c>ri$ out 9 ! same _s 9 ! ev5t ( 8 dea?4 ,on ?is latt] ev5t occurr+1 ! immortal ,mi*ael ,angelo ,buon>otti und]took ! important (fice ( ar*itect to ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ tasks 0 to set aside ! model ( 8 pr$ecessor1 :i* _h occupi$ _m ye>s 9 con/ruct+1 at a co/ ( _m ?\s& p\nds1 :ile he con/ruct$ himself1 at a trifl+ exp5se & 9 a few days1 ano!r model ( 8 int5d$ "w4 ,num]\s o!r in/ances ( ! practical utility ( ?is bran* ( art might be cit$1 b ! au?or deems x unnecess>y1 its importance be+ at once obvi\s2 & ?is little "w1 ?\gh devoid ( all te*nicalities1 too frequ5tly ! fault ( works ( ?is description1 yet is int5d$ %all be em95tly practical4 ,to a l>ge & increas+ body1 ! ar*itectural assi/ants1 x is hop$ t ?is little h&-book w prove to be acceptable2 & ?\gh writt5 pr9cipally = ! pr(essional man1 x is hop$ x may n prove utt]ly useless or un9t]e/+ to o!rs1 :o ?\gh n memb]s ( ! ar*itectural pr(ession may yet possess suffici5t ta/e & skill to wi% to p]petuate ,a ,,design ,,9 ,,pap]4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,( ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,requir$4 ,! mat]ials ! ar*itectural modell] w require = 8 "w1 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 few1 simple1 & inexp5sive4 ,!y are also easily procur$ at any ( ! ,arti/s' ,repositories4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 s mu* 9 ! mat]ial employ$1 b 9 ! skill display$ 9 ! work+1 t ! beauties ( a model consi/4 ,! pr9ciple 9 ?is description ( modell+ be+1 t e possible "p be con/ruct$ ( pap]1 x is necess>y t ?is %\ld be procur$ ( ! description be/ suit$ to ! nature ( ! "w1 & ( ! be/ possible quality4 ,inf]ior pap]s are h>d1 conta9 knots & o!r imp]fections1 & are v frequ5tly gritty2 ?is latt] imp]fection1 by de/roy+ ! delicate edge ( ! knife1 prev5ts ! "w hav+ t %>p appe>ance s mu* to be desir$4 ,! pap] ,i use1 & h always f\nd ! be/ = all purposes1 has a surface simil> to t ( ,:atman's d\ble-elephant draw+ pap]1 & is1 ,i believe1 sold "u ! "n ( ,crayon pap]3 a specim5 is b\nd ) ?is book1 =m+ ! next page2 x is ( a pale cream-col\r1 be>+ a /rong semblance 9 t9t to ,ba?-/one1 b ,i h procur$ x f ?is to ! %ades necess>y = ! ro(s ( models4 ,x is firm1 ?\gh n h>d1 9 texture1 & n be+ too spongy1 does n absorb to too great a degree ! pa/e us$ 9 fa/5+ toge!r ! %eets = ! v>i\s ?icknesses requir$1 ?us ensur+ _! firmness1 a matt] ( ! highe/ importance1 o!rwise 9 ?9 /rips consi/+ ( f\r1 five1 or m ?icknesses ( pap]1 ^u _! be+ cut ea* w\ld "p & defeat ! desir$ end4 ,! mo/ useful t9t ( ?is pap] is ! "o already describ$1 z x c be easily t9t$ to repres5t bricks or rubble1 c41 %\ld x be necess>y1--= in/ance1 9 a build+ :]e ! quo9s1 dress+s1 c41 7 9 /one1 ! re/ 9 r&om rubble or brick1 x w\ld enable y to m>k !m ) a ,,hhh p5cil1 & t9t be=e y\r "w 0 made up4 ,i h con/ruct$ sev]al models 9 pure :ite ,bri/ol bo>d1 b x is a t$i\s h>d mat]ial to "w 91 ?\gh ! result is v f9e4 ,! next mo/ important auxili>y is an adhesive mat]ial = fa/5+ ! %eets toge!r to produce ! necess>y ?icknesses ( c>dbo>d1 & to fix ! :ole toge!r & ! sev]al p>ts 9 _! places4 ,= ! =m] a pa/e ( fl\r made 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 w be f\nd to be ! be/4 ,to e two tablespoonfuls ( ! be/ :eat5 fl\r1 add a teaspoonful ( common moi/ or br[n sug>1 & a little corrosive sublimate1 ! :ole to be boil$1 & :ile boil+ cont9ually /irr$ to prev5t lumps1 till ( ! "r consi/5cy4 ,if a few drops ( "s ess5tial oil1 say lav5d] or pepp]m9t1 be add$1 ! usual m\ld9ess w n appe>1 & ! pa/e w keep = a great l5g? ( "t4 ,= ! latt]1 a gum mu/ be us$1 prep>$ by ! foll[+ proportions4 ,to ea* six ounces ( ! be/ gum arabic1 add an ounce or less ( moi/ or lump sug>1 "o teaspoonful ( lav5d] or o!r ess5tial oil1 & a table-spoonful ( g91 ! :ole to be mix$ 9 cold wat] 7no heat be+ 9 any way appli$7 to ! consi/5cy ( a ?ick syrup4 ,o!r requisites are %eets ( mica or talc1 to be procur$ at ! ironmong]'s1 & us$ = w9d[s1 skylights1 c42 pieces ( s(t deal or bee* wood1 to =m any small detail su* z p9nacles to b>ge bo>ds1 c41 t x may n be advisable or possible to =m 9 pap]2 wire1 lead1 cord1 velvet1 & num]\s o!r nick-nacks1 :i* w occur to ! modell] z 8 "w proce$s1 & :i* w h]eaft]1 9 _! place1 be c>efully describ$4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,in/rum5ts ,,necess>y4 ,! fir/ ?+ ! arti/ mu/ procure mu/ be a bo>d ( f9e1 close-gra9$ wood1 free f knots1 to prep>e & cut ! sev]al p>ts ( 8 "w ^u4 ,! be/ = ?is cutt+-bo>d is bee*1 sycamore1 or pe>-tree wood2 x %\ld be1 at ! lea/1 "o & a-half in* ?ick1 by twelve in*es broad1 & ab\t eighte5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,i %\ld pref] x ev5 ?ick] ?an /at$1 z cont9ual plan+ ( ! surface to erase ! m>ks ( ! knife soon r$uces its ?ickness4 ,let x be squ>$ p]fectly e way to all[ ! ,t squ>e to "w accurately along its edge4 ,z be=e /at$1 c>e mu/ be tak51 :5 ! surface has become too mu* cut up1 to h x re-plan$1 or o!rwise ! knife is apt to foll[ ! m>ks 9 ! bo>d1 & cut ! pap] irregul>ly ^u ! "u side4 ,! size ( bo>d m5tion$ w be f\nd mo/ useful = all ord9>y purposes2 %\ld ! "w be ( v l>ge dim5sions1 ( c\rse ano!r mu/ be procur$1 proportionally l>g]4 ,two or ?ree bo>ds ( close-gra9$ deal w also be f\nd ( s]vice = cutt+ obliquely1 c41 c4 ,,! ,,modell+ ,,press4 ,?is app>atus w be f\nd ( ess5tial s]vice to ! arti/1 z by its aid he =ms ! c>dbo>d :i* is ! basis ( 8 model4 ,x may be ei!r ( iron or wood2 ! =m] is light]1 & m elegant 9 appe>ance1 b ! latt]1 ?\gh pla9 & homely1 is 9 my op9ion pref]able 9 _m respects4 ,a common copy+ press may be us$1 c>e be+ tak5 n to place ! damp pap] betwe5 ! iron1 b betwe5 two h>d1 close-gra9$ pieces ( wood4 ,on page #bg is an illu/ration ( ! press ,i use1 :i* any jo9] c con/ruct = a few %ill+s4 ,x consi/s ( a cross-beam1 ,a1 ?r\gh :i* ! screw passes2 two uprights1 ,b ,b2 a bottom1 ,c1 to :i*1 & to ! cross-beam1 ! uprights mu/ be firmly mortis$4 ,betwe5 !m is a moveable top-piece1 ,d1 :i* by means ( cord runn+ ?r\gh two small pulleys1 ,e ,e1 keeps x press+ cont9ually aga9/ ! screw2 ! weight ,f1 at ! end ( ! cord be+ slightly heavi] ?an w balance ! top-piece4 ,by ^! means1 z y unw9d ! screw1 ei!r to place "u1 or look at ! progress ( "w already !re1 ! top-piece moves out ( y\r way4 ,! sizes ( ! wood = ! diff]5t portions is giv51 & c>e mu/ be obs]v$ 9 n break+ x by too great a pressure ( ! screw2 z ! object ( ! press is to keep ! %eets flatly & firmly toge!r1 :ile ! adhesive mat]ial sets1 no undue degree ( =ce is necess>y2 inde$ x w1 = reasons h]eaft] to be describ$1 be f\nd a disadvantage to press !m too closely4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,modell+ ,,press4 ,,sizes4 ,c ,bottom piece #ah in*es by #ab in*es by #b in*es4 ,b ,b ,uprights #ab d4 -- #d d4 -- #a d4 ,a ,cross beam #ae d4 -- #d d4 -- #b d4 ,! screw #a?s in* 9 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,t-,,squ>e4 ,?is squ>e is =m$ l ! ord9>y draw+-squ>es1 ) ! exception t ! blade ,a is made ( /eel2 ?is is firmly screw$ to a /ock ( h>d wood1 :i* has on ea* side ( ! blade a small piece at ,c ,c cut out2 ! object ( ?is is to all[ ! knife to cut completely to ! edge ( ! pap]4 ,! advantage1 9 fact1 ! necessity = a /eel blade1 w be obvi\s2 7 x ( wood1 ! pressure ( ! knife along its edge w\ld ind5t1 or cut x4 ,?is squ>e w be f\nd adapt$ = e description ( l>ge & small "w1 b %\ld ! c>dbo>d be ( great ?ickness x is apt to /ir1 & by s do+ cause irregul>ity ( l9e4 ,to rem$y ?is an in/rum5t is us$1 call$ an adju/+ /raight-edge4 ,a is a /raight rul] ( flat brass1 or ( /eel1 l ! blade ( ! ,t-squ>e4 ,x is contriv$ to move to & f ! surface ( ! bo>d ^u ! upright screws1 ,b ,b1 :ile a dovetail groove is fitt$ ) a piece ( brass to run along x1 to all[ ( ! horizontal movem5t ( ! rul]4 ,! pap] 7^u :i* ! cutt+-(f l9e has be5 previ\sly m>k$7 is plac$ ^u ! bo>d1 ! /raight-edge adju/$ to ! l9e2 ! /raight-edge be+ !n firmly screw$ d[n ^u x by means ( ! two small ?umb-screws1 #c #c1 x is r5d]$ immoveable dur+ ! progress ( ! "w1 ?is w be bett] und]/ood f ! annex$ engrav+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,adju/+ ,,/raight-,,edge4 ,no4 #a is a section ( ! cutt+-bo>d1 %[+ ! groove 9 :i* ! piece ( brass runs4 #b1 ,! brass1 to :i* is atta*$ ! ?umb-screws1 by means ( a screw ?r\gh ! eye at ,b4 #c #c #c1 ,?umb-screws1 to screw d[n ! rul] ^u ! pap]4 ,! brass rule %\ld n be less ?an an eigh? ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 o!rwise x may b5d2 if /eel x w d a little less4 ,illu/ration3 ,,modell+ ,,knives4 ,?is in/rum5t w be f\nd p>ticul>ly useful 9 cutt+ ! necess>y mitres = jo9+ toge!r ! edges ( ! "w1 or = any o!r "w ( simil> description1 su* z ! cop+s to walls1 m\ld+s ( e description1 c41 c4 ,hav+ n[ describ$ ^! v important in/rum5ts 9 a way we hope may prove p]fectly intelligible1 we proce$ to /ate ! requirem5ts 9 ^? necess>y ones1 knives4 ,! numb] ( ^! ! arti/ w use1 is regulat$ m by 8 own fancy ?an any?+ else2 b !re are ?ree %apes he w f9d absolutely necess>y4 ,9 modell+1 z 9 pa9t+1 !re are num]\s tricks & contrivances = produc+ v>i\s effects2 & z ! pa9t] w (t5 value a bit ( old scrubby1 worn-d[n bru%1 s ! modell] w f9d v>i\s cutt+ in/rum5ts mat]ially assi/ him1 su* z ! brok5 blade ( a knife1 a /eel p51 a bradawl1 c41 c41 _m ( ^! produc+ effects t m elaborate in/rum5ts w\ld h fail$ do+4 ,on page #cc w be f\nd an engrav+ repres5t+ ?ree requisite v>ieties ( knives4 ,no4 #a4 ,?is knife is long 9 ! blade1 &1 z w be f\nd 9 all ! o!rs1 is p]fectly /raight on ! cutt+ edge2 ?is knife is us$ to cut /raight l9es 9 all directions ?r\gh /rong "w1 cutt+ oblique l9es1 mitres1 splays1 c4 ,no4 #b4 ,"o = light] "w us$ 9 =m+ or modell+ ornam5ts1 or1 9 g5]al1 cutt+ "w ( a light] & neat] "*4 ,no4 #c4 ,?is blade is us$ solely = cutt+ all descriptions ( circul> "w1 & curves ( e description4 ,x may be useful to rem>k t ?is is ! only %ape ( blade t w cut1 ) cle>ness & %>pness1 curv$ l9es ?r\gh ?ick c>dbo>d4 ,! in/rum5t next illu/rat$ is call$ a knife compass1 & is extremely valuable = cutt+ out circul> ar*itraves1 c41 c41 do+ its "w 9 a way t ! h& & knife c\ld n equal1 & ) ! lea/ possible tr\ble4 ,see illu/ration1 page #cf4 ,!y resemble1 9 "s respects1 an ord9>y pair ( compasses1 b ( a little /rong] make ?an ! common4 ,a is a moveable sweep ( brass1 to regulate ! op5+ ( ! legs ( ! compasses1 :i*1 be+ op5$ to ! requisite wid?1 are firmly held by tight5+ ! ?umb-screw1 ,f4 ,b1 ! moveable leg to :i* ! cutt+-knife ,c is atta*$ by means ( a %\ld] to ! blade at ,g1 & a socket at ,h1 into :i* x fixes1 & is secur$ by ! screw at ,d4 ,e & ,i are two screws work+ on ! rod1 ,k1 on ea* side ( ! moveable b>1 ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,knife ,,compass4 ,by means ( ?is contrivance ! knife is always kept p]fectly upright1 & 9 consequ5ce cuts p]p5dicul>ly ?r\gh ! c>dbo>d4 ,!re may be sev]al knives to fit 9 ! socket = light & heavy "w1 b a blade ( ! same %ape z t %[n 9 ! engrav+1 w be f\nd suffici5t = ne>ly e purpose4 ,! in/rum5t might p]haps be m useful if half z l>ge aga9 z repres5t$4 ,! dott$ l9es are giv5 to %[ ! in/rum5t op5 wid]1 9 ord] fully to illu/rate ! utility ( ! moveable leg at ,b4 ,! me?od ( us+ ?is in/rum5t is ?is3 ,hav+ a curve to cut1 & hav+ f\nd ! c5tre ( ! arc1 place ! po9t ( ! leg ,l )9 x1 !n adju/+ ! moveable leg to ! p]p5dicul> by means ( ! screws ,i & ,e1 /ret* ! legs to ! requisite radius1 & by gradually increas+ ! pressure on ! blade1 ! curve may be cut ) ! mo/ p]fect ease & tru?4 ,illu/ration3 ,h ,l ,horizontal l9e4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,! ,,comm5cem5t ,,& ,,f9i% ,,( ,a ,,model4 ,assum+ t ! /ud5t has n[ procur$ ! v>i\s in/rum5ts & mat]ials = 8 "w1 & t he has also det]m9$ ^u ! design he int5ds 9 pap]1 ! next ?+ necess>y is to give him z f> z x is possible by a book copi\sly illu/rat$1 an exact description ( ! me?od ( proce$+4 ,we w !re=e imag9e a design :i* is to be modell$ 7see frontispiece71 a ,villa1 9 ! dome/ic ,italian /yle1 = example2 & tak+ x to pieces bit by bit1 endeav\r to raise x up aga9 9 r5ew$ beauty & effect4 ,hav+ ! f\r elevations1 toge!r ) ! gr\nd & ro( plans1 ! latt] be+ ess5tial to %[ ! position ( ! *imneys1 skylights1 c41 we take a common draw+-bo>d1 ab\t ! size ( ! int5d$ model1 & ^u x /ra9 z = a draw+ t size1 a piece ( draw+ c>tridge1 say an in* & a half wid] all r\nd ?an ! int5d$ model is to be4 ,^u ?is1 :5 dry1 draw an outl9e plan ( ! int5d$ build+1 n putt+ 9 any int]nal walls1 = ^! w n be requir$ z ?is is only to =m l9es :]eon to erect ! int5d$ build+4 ,to make x m readily to be und]/ood we h giv5 a sket* ( ! outl9e plan on page #de4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elevations ,,( ,,villa4 ,,elevation ,,( ,,entrance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,side ,,elevation4 ,?is be+ complet$1 we h n[ ! edifice1 z x 71 set out4 ,! next matt] = consid]ation is ! ?ickness ( ! walls2 t is1 ! requisite ?ickness ( pap] we %all require4 ,suppose we take1 z 9 ! plan giv51 ! outside reveal or recess back ( ! w9d[ frame1 at f\r in*es & a half2 ?is w\ld require f\r %eets ( pap]1 b z x is always bett] to exagg]ate slightly 9 modell+ bo? projections & recesses1 place six or ev5 sev5 %eets toge!r2 pa/e !m toge!r 9 twos1 putt+ !m z pa/$ "u ! press1 & aft]w>ds1 :5 ne>ly dry1 pa/e !m ! full ?ickness requir$ & subject !m once m to ! action ( ! press4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t size ( pap] to "w at = an ord9>y-siz$ model w be made by d\bl+ a %eet ( ! pap] z fir/ procur$ into f\r4 ,on ! pap] becom+ p]fectly dry1 ! /ud5t mu/ c>efully draw ea* elevation ( ! build+ ! full height f ! gr\nd l9e to ! top ( ! block+1 be+ p>ticul> t e l9e bo? p]p5dicul> & horizontal is p]fectly true & squ>e1 & m>k+ along fa9tly ! l9es = ! cornice1 /r+s1 c41 c41 t may occur4 ,?is be+ done & ! :ole drawn 91 ( c\rse n draw+ 9 ! w9d[ frames b m]ely ! outl9e ( ! squ>e ( ! w9d[1 ! side w pres5t ! appe>ance %[n 9 ! accompany+ elevation1 & :i* is m]ely sket*$ & n drawn to any scale4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,l9es = cornice4 ,b ,l9es ( upp] /r+4 ,c ,ditto l[] cornice4 ,d ,ditto ,pl9?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plans ,,( ,,villa4 ,,gr\nd ,,plan4 ,,outl9e ,,plan4 ,! f\r or m elevations hav+ be5 drawn1 proce$ to cut out all w9d[s1 doors1 & o!r op5+s cleanly & accurately4 ,! w9d[s & _! frames mu/ n[ be made & gumm$ at ! back ( ! sev]al op5+s2 :]e panels occur pap] ( ! same t9t mu/ be us$1 sometimes ! pieces cut f ! w9d[s w =m v good back+ = su* p>ts4 ,= ! w9d[ frames take "s l>ge-siz$ cream laid pap]1 & col\r x to ! t9t y wi% y\r frames to be4 ,%\ld a repres5tation ( oak be pref]r$1 x may be imitat$ successfully ?us3 ,fir/ pa9t y\r pap] yell[1 gamboge & a little burnt si5na w d1 & !n prep>e a ?ick col\r ) ,*9ese :ite & burnt si5na2 :5 ! fir/ col\r is dry lay ?is la/-m5tion$ on1 & be=e x has "t to dry gra9 x by means ( a f9e comb2 a small too? comb w answ] be/ = ?is purpose1 & if skilfully p]=m$ a mo/ admirable imitation w be ! result4 ,?ree or f\r ?icknesses ( pap] 7cream laid or o!r :ite pap]7 mu/ !n be pa/$ toge!r1 ) ! oak-col\r$ "o ^u ! top1 & submitt$ to ! action ( ! press4 ,?is pap] be+ ready = use1 take "o ( ! pieces cut f ! w9d[s1 & m>k by x ! size ( ! w9d[-op5+1 !n lightly draw ! frames 9 & cut !m out1 if ! :ite pap] ( ! "u %eets %\ld %[ :]e cut ?r\gh sectionally1 t\* x along ) a little burnt si5na or br[n col\r4 ,y mu/ n[ t9t ano!r %eet ( ! same description ( pap] blue or neutral1 n 9 an ev5 t9t1 b c>elessly & arti/ically leav+ bright lights2 ?is :5 pa/$ z = ! oak-pap] two or ?ree ?icknesses1 w =m ! back+ to ! frames4 ,!n place ! frames face d[n1 on !m gumm$ a %eet ( mica2 on t aga9 ! blue back+2 ! :ole !n to be put 9 ! press1 c>e be+ tak5 n exhibit too mu* pressure1 o!rwise y w h ! back+ bulge out4 ,x may1 p]haps1 be ?\ght t ^! ?icknesses ( pap] = ! frames & back+ are unnecess>y1 & t "o might s]ve z well2 b f exp]i5ce ,i c ass]t1 t unless ?is me?od be adopt$1 t flatness ! "w %\ld h1 w n be obta9$4 ,x may also be z well "h to caution ! read] aga9/ press+ ) too great a degree ^u ! c>dbo>d :5 x is "u ! action ( ! press4 ,if too great a pressure is giv51 ! c>dbo>d w become s h>d z to resi/ all ef=ts ( ! knife to cut ?r\gh x4 ,! pap] usually presses to a little less ?an an in*1 to a scale ( "o-eigh? ( an in* to ! foot2 s t six ?icknesses or %eets ( pap] w answ] = f\r & a half ( brickwork or /onework4 ,! doors w be =m$ fir/ f two ?icknesses#a & back$ ) ! same4 ,?is is = pla9e/ description1 b if m\ld+s are ins]t$ 9 ! panels1 adopt ! foll[+3-- ,footnote #a3 ,"o ?ickness1 two ?icknesses1 ?ree ?icknesses1 & s =?1 w be us$ ?r\gh\t1 to express ! numb] ( %eets to be pa/$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,details ,no4 #a4 ,,elevation ,,( ,,entrance ,,door4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,entrance ,,door4 ,fir/ draw ! door ) ! extreme size ( ! op5+ ( ea* panel1 on a two-?ickness %eet2 on ano!r two-?ickness %eet1 draw ! same panels a size small]2 on a ?ird two-?ickness %eet1 draw !m a size small] /ill2 ^! be+ cut out & plac$ beh9d "o ano!r1 & f9ally ! back+2 w admirably repres5t m\ld+s3 by produc+ ?ree sep>ate l9es r\nd ! inside ( ea* panel4 ,= "w to scale no fur!r tr\ble w be necess>y2 b if l>g]1 ! m\ld+s mu/ be =m$ be=e ! door is gumm$ toge!r1 z h]eaft] describ$ = ! =mation ( m\ld+s 9 g5]al4 ,! doors1 w9d[s1 & backs to all op5+s are n[ ready1 b _c be yet fix$ till all ! necess>y mitre+ is complet$1 :i* mitres w be :]ev] an outside angle occurs ?us1 fig4 #a4 7,see page #ec1 figs4 #a & #b47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,,outside ,,angle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,,inside ,,angle4 ,9 ! inn] angle 7see fig4 #b7 no mitre is requir$2 ! end ( "o piece be+ cut squ>e1 !y may be made to ov]lap "o ano!r4 ,lay ! piece1 :atev] x may be y wi% to mitre1 face d[n ^u ! cutt+-bo>d2 & !n at a di/ance 7equal to ! :ole ?ickness ( ! c>dbo>d7 f ! edge draw a l9e2 & at a %ort di/ance back f ?is l9e suffici5t to let ! po9t ( ! knife t\* x :5 held slant+ to ! requir$ angle1 fix ! adju/+ /raight-edge previ\sly describ$2 screw firmly ^u x1 & cut ?r\gh ! pap] at an angle ( #de1 :i* w1 ( c\rse1 be by cutt+ f ! l9e on ! top side ( ! pap]1 ,a1 to ! extreme edge ( ! und]side1 ,b 7see illu/ration page #ee71 :i* repres5ts ! side ( a build+1 & ! piece may be se5 curl+ up z cut f ! mitre4 ,great /ead9ess ( h&1 & a few trials on wa/e c>dbo>d are necess>y be=e ! op]ator w p]=m ?is skilfully4 ,! /raight-edge hold+ ! pap] firmly1 x may be cut ?r\gh at two or ?ree /rokes1 obs]v+ to hold ! knife always at ! same angle4 ,all mitre+ "w f9i%$1 affix ! w9d[s at ! back1 plac+ ! :ole "u a slight pressure4#b ,!n ! model mu/ be block$ up4 ,fir/ cut a numb] ( squ>es1 all sizes1 f wa/e or o!r c>dbo>d2 let !m be p]fectly squ>e2 cut ^! diagonally1 & !y w =m ! blocks to hold ! "w toge!r at ! angles4 ,n[ take any two sides t are to be jo9$ at ! mitr$ angle1 & fix !m accurately toge!r ) gum pretty ?ick1 s t x may dry :ile y hold ea* side 9 its place4 ,:5 set1 lay !m d[n & "w ! o!rs 9 a simil> mann]4 ,take n[ ! outl9e plan1 & hav+ previ\sly numb]$ ! sides to correspond ) ! plan1 fix !m 7by t\*+ slightly _! "u edge ) gum7 to x1 & :5 all are 9 _! places fix1 at a di/ance ap>t ( an in* & half or s1 above "o ano!r ! previ\sly describ$ block+ pieces ) gum n s ?ick 9 consi/5cy4 ,to make our mean+ p]fectly pla91 we annex an engrav+ ( ! appe>ance ( an int]nal angle :5 at ?is /age ( ! proce$+s4 ,a piece ( wood 7deal7 ab\t in* ?ick1 %\ld n[ be atta*$ to ! model f "o side to ! o!r 7see page #eg74 ,?is is = ! purpose ( fa/5+ ! model1 :5 complet$1 to its /&2 x may be block$ ) wa/e pieces1 su* z ! cutt+s f doors1 w9d[s1 c41 & gumm$ firmly4 ,pieces or /rips ( c>dbo>d %\ld also be gumm$ along 9 ! inside1 at ! level ( ! int5d$ gutt]s ( ! h\se1 to re/ ! ro( ^u4 ,all portions ( ! "w complet$1 we w n[ assume1 are fitt$ toge!r & 9 _! places4 ,! /ud5t w n[ be able to =m "s idea ( ! g5]al effect 8 "w w h :5 f9i%$2 b !re is yet m--mu* m--to be done1 & "w requir+ a /ill fur!r am\nt ( skill1 practice1 & pati5ce4 ,footnote #b3 ,z !re are _m little matt]s dur+ ! progress ( a model requir+ a slight pressure1 a pressure suffici5t to hold ! pieces 9 _! sev]al places till dry1 ,i h f\nd weights answ] v well4 ,i h pieces ( squ>e lead f "o p\nd upw>ds cov]$ ) pap]2 & by cov]+1 ! humble brick may be usefully press$ into ?is s]vice4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,sket* ,,%[+ ,,! ,,way ,,! ,,block+ ,,pieces ,,are ,,ins]t$ ,,9 ,,an ,,int]nal ,,angle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,me?od ,,( ,,ins]t+ ,,! ,,wood ,,/ay4 ,a ,a ,c>dbo>d angle /ays4 ,b ,b ,b ,b ,b ,wood /ay by :i* ! model is affix$ to its /& by a screw pass+ ?r\gh at ,c ,c4 ,d ,e ,f ,g ,sides ( model4 ,! two pr9cipal elevations are giv5 to ! same scale z ! plan 7page #da72 b 9 ord] to insure our be+ und]/ood1 ! pr9cipal portions ( ! details are giv5 to a l>g] scale4 ,! cornice next dem&s our att5tion1 a detail ( :i* is giv5 on page #fa1 fig4 #a1 & 9 ord] to model :i* we proce$ ?us1 ! numb]s indicat+ ! v>i\s pieces ( :i* x is compos$4 ,no4 #b is a piece work$ ( ! requir$ ?ickness dem&$ by ! dep? ( ! cornice f ,a to ,b1 & ! necess>y projection1 9 a suffici5t s]ies ( l5g?s to g entirely r\nd ! build+4 ,n[1 z ?is is to be cut ?r\gh ! sev]al ?icknesses ( pap] requir$1 a me?od mu/ be f\nd out to hide ! diff]5t lay]s t w\ld consequ5tly be expos$ to view2 ?is is by cutt+ f "o or two ?icknesses a piece ! :ole l5g? ( ! cornice1 =m+ a facia1 #h1 & com+ slightly bel[ ! dep? ( ! o!r "u piece to #d2 ?us1 :ile at ! same "t x hides ! lay]s ( pap]1 x =ms ! b$ ( ! cornice4 ,! next memb]s1 ,nos4 #a1 #c1 #e1 & #g1 are =m$1 fir/ by prep>+ ! size & l5g? on ! squ>e2 secondly1 by cutt+ (f at any angle necess>y to get z ne> to ! m\ld z possible2 &1 la/ly1 =m+ ! m\ld itself4 ,! mann] ( m\ld+ be+ applicable to e description ( ei!r ,italian or ,go?ic patt]n1 we proce$ to describe x4 ,procure f ! comb-manufactur]s "s pieces ( ivory ( v>i\s sizes1 & ) diff]5t files1 "s r\nd1 "s squ>e1 c41 file on "o end ( a squ>e piece ! rev]se ( ! m\ld y require2 smoo? x well2 & = great] p[] & conv5i5ce1 fix x 9 a h&le ( wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,details ,no4 #b4 #a ,elevation & section ( ma9 cornice4 #b ,elevation ( w9d[4 #b;a ,a detail ( section ?r\gh w9d[4 #c ,ar*itrave m\ld4 #e ,elevation ( small w9d[4 #e;a ,section ( small w9d[4 #f ,elevation ( quo9s4 #g ,section & elevation ( t[] cornice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\ld+ ,,tools4 ,a1 ,h&le ) socket to secure ! m\ld+ tool 7#a74 ,b1 ,?umb-screw4 #a1 #b1 #c1 ,m\ld+ tools4 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 c41 c41 w be f\nd g5]ally available & useful 9 ! =mation ( all k9ds ( m\ld+s1 besides numb]s ( o!r %apes t w occur to ! arti/4 ,! me?od ( us+ ! in/rum5t is by ind5t+ ! patt]n along ! edge ( ! c>dbo>d1 guid$ by means ( ! /raight-edge4 ,! %>p arris left f ! file ^u ! edge ( ! ivory m\ld1 _h bett] be slightly tak5 (f1 to prev5t ! pap] be+ torn 9 its passage4 ,! circul> p$im5t ov] w9d[s 7fig4 #b1 page #fa7 mu/ be modell$ on ! flat1 & ! m\ld+ return$ at ! ends4 ,:5 ea* memb] is f9i%$1 !y mu/ be gumm$ up & b5t to ! requir$ curve1 ov] a circle ( c>dbo>d or a cyl9d] ( wood1 sep>ately4 ,! panels t occur =m ?us3 ,cut z be=e direct$ = doors1 ! extreme size ( ! op5+1 & at ! back place ! successive sizes & ?icknesses to =m ! m\ld+s1 ind5t$ into holl[s or work$ to r\nds1 c41 c41 by means ( "o or m ( ! m\ld+ tools2 to be back$ la/ ( all4 ,comm5ce ! prep>ation ( ! quo9s 7fig4 #f1 p4 #fa7 by cutt+ pieces ! requir$ ?ickness & wid? ( bo? long & %ort quo9s1 & 9 long /rips1 ) ! height ( ea* "o m>k$ up its l5g? previ\sly by ! divid]s4#c ,cut fir/ ! requisite splay at ! edge ( ! quo91 along ! :ole l5g? bo? sides4 ,cut :]e m>k$ = height1 & splay top & bottom4 ,!y are !n f9i%$1 & may be at once fa/5$ to ! "w4 ,footnote #c3 ,! small hair divid]s1 ) ! adju/+ screw1 w be f\nd extremely useful 9 modell+ "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,circul> ,,ar*itraves4 ,k ,key/one4 ,r ,radius4 ,h ,l ,horizontal l9e4 ,! circul> ar*itraves mu/ be =m$ by cutt+1 ) ! little in/rum5t previ\sly describ$ z a knife-compass 7page #cf71 circles ( diff]5t diamet]s & ?icknesses ( pap] suit$ to ! m\ld to be repres5t$2 gum toge!r :ile 9 ! circle1 z %[n bel[1 ! horizontal divisional l9e be+ m>k$1 & ! radiat+ l9es = ! ins]tion ( ! key/ones4 ,:5 dry cut (f by ! divisional l9e1 & !n ! segm5ts1 by ! l9es at ea* side ( ! key/one4 ,! key mu/ be ( pap] suffici5tly ?ick to all[ ( ! highe/ m\ld ( ! ar*itrave abutt+ aga9/ x1 & ei!r left pla91 cut diamond-wise1 or c>v$1 or any o!r way ! fancy may sugge/ or ! design dem&4 ,! cantaliv]s 9 t[] 7fig4 #g1 page #fa7 & ma9 cornices 7fig4 #a1 page #fa7 to be work$ by prep>+ pap] ! requir$ ?ickness2 !n procur+ a piece ( v ?9 copp] or lead1 m>k on x ) consid]able accuracy ! design ( ! cantaliv]1 & cut x out2 y w ?us h prep>$ a m\ld or templet1 :i* y c place ^u ! c>dbo>d1 & by runn+ a h>d p5cil r\nd x1 m>k ea* "o precisely ! same 9 size4 ,any portions ( ! dress+s1 c41 hav+ curves 9 !m1 _h bett] be cut ) knife ,no4 #cd2 9 fact1 ?is is ! only %ape ( blade :i* w leave ! edge ( a curv$ l9e aft] cutt+1 :at is te*nically call$ 8sweet40 ,footnote #d3 ,9 us+ ?is knife1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to hold x p]fectly upright1 nor lean x ei!r to "r or left4 ,! positions ! cantaliv]s h to occupy along ! cornice1 mu/ be *eck$ along & regul>ly divid$4 ,c>e mu/ also be tak5 9 gumm+ !m 9 _! places1 z "o out ( place or lean+ w\ld imm$iately be detect$ by a correct eye1 & m> completely ! effect ( ! :ole4 ,! ar*itrave m\ld 7fig4 #c1 page #fa7 next dem&s our att5tion4 ,x w f our =m] description be readily und]/ood t all m\ld+s are =m$ by repres5t+ 9 pap] ( v>i\s ?icknesses _! sev]al compon5t p>ts4 ,?us1 9 ! m\ld la/ nam$1 we h fir/ ! gr\ndwork ( or ?ickness f ,a to ,b2 ano!r ?ickness1 =m+ ! s9k+1 f ,c to ,d2 & f9ally1 ! m\ld1 ,e to ,f4 ,squ>e fir/1 ! requir$ slant next cut f ! edge1 & la/ly1 ! slant holl[$ by means ( "o ( ! ivory m\ld+ tools4 ,! key/ones & ! blocks "u ! w9d[ sills are cut f pap] ! ?ickness requir$1 !n splay$ d[n ea* way f ! c5tre to ! sides at "o cut1 & ) a %>p knife4 ,?is op]ation mu/ be p]=m$ ) "s dext]ity1 z x is important t ! edges %\ld be %>p & free f wooll9ess4 ,?is effect c only be obta9$ by giv+ "o cut or slice 9 ! direction requir$3 = ?is purpose use knife ,no4 #a1 :i* w be f\nd ! be/ = ?is description ( "w4 ,"s modell]s use = ?is purpose a ?9 *isel ) a ke5 edge2 & ( c\rse all means 9 art are legitimate t produce ! desir$ end2 b we w\ld recomm5d ! use ( ! knife only1 :]ev] possible1 ! modell]'s object be+ to "w ) z few tools z possible1 & to tru/ mu* to 8 knife alone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,details ,,( ,,w9d[s4 ,no4 #c4 ,,morn+ ,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kit*54 ,we h1 9 describ+ ! me?od ( work+ sev]al important details connect$ ) ! build+1 & illu/rat$ on page #fa1 be51 we fe>1 some:at premature1 & h n suffici5tly urg$ ^u ! /ud5t ! necessity ( prep>+ 8 gr\ndwork = ^! details 9 a p]fectly accurate mann]4 ,=1 z x is well kn[n1 no col\r+1 h[ev] f9e1 w 9 a picture make up = bad & incorrect draw+1 s 9 a model1 walls out ( squ>e or w9d[s & o!r ap]tures ill-cut w n pres5t ! wi%$-= appe>ance1 ?\gh all ! details be mo/ skilfully & beautifully modell$4 ,draw 9 all doors1 w9d[s1 c41 c41 ) a v h>d p5cil1 9 ord] t ! l9es may be z f9e z possible1 & cut !m out ) knife ,no4 #a1 or ,no4 #b1 :i*ev] may be consid]$ mo/ suitable to ! size ( op5+ x is requir$ to cut2 ! knife ,no4 #c1 z be=e obs]v$1 be+ us$ exclusively = curv$ & circul> "w4 ,9 cutt+ out ! w9d[s1 hold y\r knife p]fectly upright2 &1 z y arrive at ! end ( ! cut1 let ! edge ( ! blade be p]p5dicul>1 ?us avoid+ cutt+ pa/ ! l9e4 ,9 cutt+ ?r\gh ?ick1 or inde$ ev5 ?r\gh "o ?ickness ( pap]1 d n be too anxi\s to sev] ! piece ) "o cut1 z ?is way ( proce$+ is almo/ sure to cause unev5ness ( l9e4 ,b comm5ce by draw+ a l9e1 z x 71 9 ! requir$ direction2 t ! rule may guide x accurately1 press b slightly at fir/2 & z ! track ( ! knife gets deep]1 ex]t m pressure4 ,simple z ?is direction may appe>1 x is nev]!less ( ! utmo/ practical utility1 z w readily be f\nd ^u trial1 z x is only by ^! means t ! pap] w be left at ! edge clean1 %>p1 & ev54 ,illu/ration3 ,,details ,,( ,,gre5h\se4 ,no4 #a4 ,! next object we w\ld call att5tion to is ! ,gre5h\se1 page #gc1 & /ate t !re are two ways ( modell+ ?is v g5]al app5dage to a mod]n mansion4 ,! fir/ & ! simple/ me?od is to =m ! back+ ( blue pap] beh9d ! mica4 ,! o!r1 by do+ away ) ! blue back+1 & all[+ ! mica to rema9 transp>5t4 ,! =m] me?od saves "s am\nt ( lab\r2 b ! latt] be+ 9 our op9ion ! be/ & mo/ arti/ic me?od1 we %all proce$ to describe x3 ,fir/ =m ! pila/]s 7y w require d\ble ! numb] ?an = ! opaque back+71 & cut !m 9 _! l5g? f ,a to ,b 7see elevation1 page #gc71 f ! comm5cem5t ( ! base m\ld+s to ! und]side ( ^? ( ! cap4 ,! way ( proce$+ 9 modell+ cap & base w be readily und]/ood f ! accompany+ sket*1 :]e x w at once be se5 bett] ?an we c describe4 ,! be/ way to cut !m is z if !y 7 a w9d[ or op5+1 cutt+ ! piece out ( ! c5tre at ,a1 aft] hav+ m\ld$ ! edge all r\nd4 ,!n divid+ !m into two along ! l9e ,d ,l z bel[1 fix !m 9 _! respective places4 ,! angle ones mu/ be d\ble1 to avoid hav+ to mitre !m4 ,a piece ( mica or ?9 glass cut to ! size ( ! "o side is n[ tak51 & ! pila/]s & o!r portions1 divisional b>s1 c41 are gumm$ to x1 on bo? sides2 & :5 ) ! end x is f9i%$1 let x occupy its int5d$ position on ! outl9e plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,d ,l ,divisional l9e4 ,n[ proce$ to ! ro(1 to be con/ruct$ really ( iron & glass1 to be modell$ ( pap] & mica3 ,fir/1 b5d r\nd a pap] or o!r cyl9d] ! piece ( mica = ! ro(1 & proce$ to cut a numb] ( /rips ( c>dbo>d = ! ribs1 :i* may be col\r$ any suitable t9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,details ,,( ,,gre5h\se4 ,no4 #b4 ,,"p ,,elevation4 ,scale in* "o foot4 ,^! are !n to be affix$ 9 _! places1 z %[n ^u ! draw+1 "s 9 ?ick]1 o!rs 9 ?9n] pap]4 ,a l$ge ( c>dbo>d mu/ be left at ! back ( ! block+1 & also on ! same level aga9/ ! side ( ! h\se2 ?is w be = ! purpose ( re/+ ! ro( ^u4#e ,! cornice w be con/ruct$ 9 ! mann] describ$ = ! o!rs2 ! pieces on ! frieze ,c1 ,c1 ,c 7page #gc7 w be plac$ on ! requir$ ?ickness = ! return1 b ! return ( ! cornice mu/ be cut 9 x4 ,! pl9? mu/ n[ be m\ld$1 cut1 & fix$2 & ! :ole is complete4 ,footnote #e3 ,?is description is = a circul> ro(2 t1 h[ev]1 9 ! engrav+ repres5ts a flat hipp$ ro(4 ,! me?od ( proce$+ is ! same1 except t = ! latt] no cyl9d] is requir$4 ,*imneys1 ^? great ornam5ts to a h\se1 at lea/ !y %\ld be r5d]$ s1 b1 alas6 = ! ta/e ( "s ( our mod]n ar*itects1 are f> m frequ5tly ! rev]se1 & :at 9 able h&s & ) judici\s treatm5t w\ld prove a cr[n+ feature & a mat]ial assi/ance to ! design1 becomes a gl>+ error & ru9s ! :ole4 ,s mu* = ! ar*itect3 b %\ld he =tunately possess ! ability & ta/e to produce ^? necess>ies to our com=t1 ) equal cr$it to himself & b5efit to ! design1 h[ (t5 d we see 8 "w m>r$ by ! introduction ( ,messrs4 ,somebody's pat5t nev]-fail+ revolv+ smoke prev5t]2 a hide\s mon/] ( "s sev5 feet high1 :irl+ & scree*+ ^u ! slighte/ appe>ance ( w9d4 ,z our little ,h&book has its mission to in/ruct 9 ! ,art ( ,modell+ an ar*itect's production1 & z smoke-jacks are b little indebt$ to him = _! uneasy exi/5ce1 we beg to apologise = ?is digression1 & resume our orig9al topic4 ,details ( ! *imneys w be f\nd ^u page #ha & #hc2 = ! body ( ! *imney use two ?icknesses1 & x w n be f\nd necess>y to mitre ! jo92 =1 if ev5 ord9>y c>e be tak51 ! union w be sc>cely p]ceptible1 :ile ! lab\r w be consid]ably dim9i%$4 ,=m any /r+s1 cornices1 c41 c41 t occur1 by cutt+ ! piece flat1 & !n cutt+ ! squ>e out ( ! middle to admit ( ! %aft1 slip x ov] ! %aft or body ( ! *imney1 till x arrives at ! position requir$ by ! design1 :]e x is at once to be secur$ 9 its place4 ,p]haps our mean+ may be r5d]$ cle>] by ! accompany+ illu/ration4 ,a repres5ts ! cornice prep>$ 9 ! mann] describ$1 & only requir+ to be fix$ 9 its place4 ,b1 ! %aft or body ( ! *imney ov] :i* ! cornice is to be slipp$ till x arrives at ! dott$ l9es2 ! *imneys may be fix$ to ! ro( 7%ortly to be describ$7 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,%\ld ! *imney come on ! ro( l[] d[n ?an ! ridge1 ! bottom ( ! %aft w h to be cut to ! angle requir$ by ! rake ( ! ro( only2 b %\ld ! *imney be cut into by ! ridge1 !n ! angle w foll[ t ( ! ro( on bo? sides1 div]g+ f ! apex4 ,= illu/ration ( ?is we give ! annex$ sket*es1 page #hc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,details ,,( ,,*imneys4 ,illu/ration3 ,,details ,,( ,,*imneys4 ,a repres5ts a *imney1 ! base ( :i* is cut simply "o way1 to suit ! slope ( ! ro(4 ,b1 a *imney into :i* ! ridge cuts1 & ! angle cut bo? ways f ! apex4 ,x w1 z a g5]al rule1 be f\nd bett] to put *imneys toge!r ) ?9 pap]1 ev5 9 ! smalle/ models1 a squ>5ess be+ ?us produc$ n to be obta9$ o!rwise4 ,! base to be =m$ out ( ?ickness equal to ! projection1 & treat$ 9 7z reg>ds fitt+ x to ! ro(7 a simil> mann] to ! %aft1 s t if ! rake ( %aft _h *anc$ n to h be5 truly cut1 !re is no ne$ to ?r[ x away1 z x c\ld easily be block$ "u ) small pieces till /raight1 ! base hid+ all defects und]nea?4 ,! me?od ( work+ ! /r+s1 cornices1 c41 has already be5 fully describ$ 9 ^? = ! t[] & ma9 build+4 ,figs4 #a & #g1 page #fa4 ,our model n[ draws ne> to its completion4 ,we _h arriv$ at a /age ready = ! ro(1 b /opp$ = ! prep>ation ( ! *imneys1 9 ord] t :5 ! ro( 0 complet$1 !y might be at once fix$ 9 _! respective places4 ,! ro( may be ei!r scor$1 or gaug$ ) pap] /rips ov]lapp$4 ,! gr\ndwork = ei!r me?od w be prep>$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,fir/ cut1 z if = a lid or top to fit ! inside ( ! model1 a /rong piece ( c>dbo>d2 let x be j s t x w slip into its place betwe5 ! walls1 b be prev5t$ slipp+ d[n by ! /rips or l$ge on ! level ( ! gutt]1 z describ$ = ,gre5h\se1 page #gc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,details ,no4 #d4 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,b ,bottom piece4 ,c ,cornice4 ,l ,l$ge4 ,s ,s ,s ,slates4 ,t ,top piece4 ,w ,wall4 ,! cross hat*+ %[s ! numb] ( sep>ate pieces ! cornice is compos$ (4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,,ro( ,,plan4 ,sections mu/ n[ be tak5 9 v>i\s p>ts1 ?r\gh ! ro(1 to asc]ta9 ! l5g? ( ! respective sides4 ,?us if ! angle ,a ,b ,c 7see fig4 #a1 page #he7 repres5ts ! rake ( ! ro(1 ! l5g? ( ! side w be f\nd f ,a to ,b & ,b to ,c4 ,! sides ?us =m$ mu/ be splay$ to fit at ! valleys1 apex1 c41 & at ! base splay$ & fix$ to ! top piece on :i* ! ro( plan has be5 drawn1 obs]v+ to leave space en\gh all r\nd = ! gutt]4 ,if ! pieces on :i* ! sections h be5 drawn are cut out1 !y w answ] = int]nal /ays to ! ro(4 ,! ro( plan is giv5 ^u page #he1 fig4 #c1 z also an outl9e section = ! f9i%+ ( ! ro(1 fig4 #b1 page #he2 x w expla9 itself4 ,! lead flat w be =m$ by ! bottom piece1 b x mu/ be cov]$ by a pap] resembl+ 9 t9t t ( ! lead itself4 ,:5 ! gr\ndwork ( ! ro( is complet$1 x mu/ be cov]$ 9 imitation ( slates by "o or o!r ( ! previ\sly-m5tion$ me?ods4 ,we w1 h[ev]1 describe bo?1 leav+ ! read] to use 8 own judgm5t z to :i* he may adopt1 our pref]5ce be+ = ! /rips ( ov]lapp+ pap]4 ,9 ! simple scor+1 proce$ to cut out ( ! slate t9t$ pap] pieces accurately fitt+ to ! gr\ndwork ( ! ro(1 !n ) ! knife h&le score ^! sides along1 z y w\ld ink 9 ! ro( l9es 9 a draw+1 clos] at ! ridge1 becom+ wid] at ! base1 & p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,! latt] by cutt+ lay]s ( pap]1 gaug$ decreas+ 9 size z be=e direct$1 fix+ !m to ! gr\ndwork ( ! ro( beg9n+ at ! base1 & ov]lapp+ !m ab\t #a_/af? ( an in*2 aft] all1 submitt+ to ! press4 ,! ro( assum$ to be f9i%$1 affix ! *imneys1 g5]ally make good all imp]fections1 c41 & ! model is ready = removal to its f9al de/9ation2 cut !re=e ! pap] x 0 built ^u f ! bo>d1 & also te> f ! bottom edges ! pap] t may h adh]$ to x1 hold+ x by ! wood /ay4 ,prep>e a piece ( dry wood ab\t two or ?ree in*es wid] all r\nd ?an ! build+ itself1 cov] x ) clo? or velvet1 ! latt] pref]able1 ! be/ col\r gre51 & cut a small groove out ( ! upp] edge2 ?is is to receive ! glass %ade1 :i* con/ruct ?us3 procure five pieces ( glass1 ! sizes r5d]$ necess>y by y\r /& to =m a squ>e or oblong %ade1 & fa/5 all toge!r by means ( /rips ( ?9 pap] & gum 7! dull gold pap] to be procur$ 9 %eets at any ( ! arti/s' repositories w look be/7 at _! edges4 ,! model mu/ n[ be secur$ to ! /&1 = :i* purpose ! piece ( wood m5tion$ at page #ef 0 ins]t$1 a hole is drill$ ?r\gh ! bottom ( ! /&1 & a screw pass$ ?r\gh x into ! wood /ay4 ,d n screw ! model d[n too tightly ^u ! /&1 or y may =ce away ! /ay f its fa/5+s & de/roy y\r "w4 ,we h n[ describ$ all ! necess>y mat]ials & manipulations to complete 9 e respect a model simil> to ! mansion giv5 9 ! illu/rations1 & :i*1 ?\gh conta9+ ! g5]al detail ( a build+ ( t description1 0 want+ 9 num]\s v>ieties ( detail t w occur 9 _m o!r build+s ( ! same class m ornate & consid]ably m elaborate 9 design ?an our example4 ,:ile all our att5tion is be+ turn$ t[>ds ,italian ar*itecture1 ,go?ic mu/ n be =gott51 & ?\gh ! g5]al me?od ( proc$ure is ! same = bo?1 yet !re are num]\s ?+s :i* exi/ only 9 ! latt] /yle1 & 9 consequ5ce dem& sep>ate in/ructions4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 t no?+ %all escape be+ describ$ 9 ! v>i\s /yles1 t ! /ud5t may h no?+ to ret>d 8 op]ations1 we app5d ! me?ods ( work+ ! v>i\s details 9 ! =m ( an illu/rat$ gloss>y1 ! alphabetical arrangem5t ( :i* w1 we ?9k1 enable ! /ud5t m readily & quickly to f9d ! p>ticul> in=mation he may require4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,l&scape ,,g>d5+2 ,,lay+ ,,out ,,gr\nds1 c4 ,we h1 z yet1 propos$ to f9i% ! model 9 ! pla9e/ & mo/ simple way1 completely unaid$ & unadorn$ by ! adjuncts ( g>d5s or trees4 ,& yet1 t models are frequ5tly consid]ably improv$ 9 appe>ance by ^! imitations ( natural objects1 :5 ta/e & skill g h& 9 h&1 w be admitt$ by all1 b we (t5 see !m completely spoil$ by su* additions4 ,x is inde$ some:at difficult to say h[ f> we may v5ture ) propriety ^u ?is pa?1 & :]e to draw ! l9e requires "s tact2 we w n1 !re=e1 lay d[n any rule absolutely z to h[ f> ! lay+ out ( gr\nds & ! modell+ ( ! trees1 c41 may be admissible1 only giv+ "s in/ructions = modell+ ! objects !mselves4 ,& ?\gh ! gr\nds are laid out1 ! picturesque undulations ( ! surface1 ! ponds1 fl[]-b$s1 arcades1 t]races1 lawns1 %rubs1 & trees1 fai?fully repres5t$1 let x n = "o mom5t be suppos$ t by s do+ we r5d] :at 0 be=e a "w ( art1 a m]e toy4 ,f> f x4 ,we d n wi% ! read]1 :5 he ?9ks ( a model1 to rememb] ^? ( ,york ,m9/]1 or ,/rasb\rg ,ca!dral1 & :i*1 borne al(t ^u ! %\ld]s ( "s w&]+ ,italian1 tempt ! vulg> by ! ri* col\rs ( ! /a9$ glass ins]t$ 9 _! *alk sides1 & brilliantly illum9at$ by ! light ( a f>?+ c&le plac$ )92 or ( ! gr\nds1 z be>+ any resemblance to ^? int]e/+ toys repres5t+ a 8ca/le 9 cork10 ab\t an in* high1 ^: cl++ ivy is repres5t$ by "o ( ! l>ge/ species ( moss1 & 9 ^: luxuri\s g>d5s bloom roses two in*es 9 diamet]1 roses :i* %\ld h deck$ "s matron's cap1 b :i* = ! nonce 7 press$ into ?is m noble s]vice4 ,b1 to proce$4 ,balu/]s ( grotesque1 ,elizabe?an1 or o!r patt]ns1 :5 cut out ( ! solid /one1 mu/ be made by gumm+ ! pap] 9 diff]5t ?icknesses1 till t requir$ is obta9$1 c>efully draw+ ! patt]n1 & !n cutt+ out ) knife ,no4 #c4 ,turn$ "w1 z circul> p$e/als = /atues1 sundials1 gate-pi]s1 balu/]s1 c41 _c be successfully imitat$ 9 pap]1 b are bett] turn$ 9 wood ( "s light col\r1 & !n t9t$ ) body col\r to ! requir$ %ade2 all "w ( ! same description t is squ>e may be con/ruct$ 9 exactly ! same mann] z be=e describ$ = *imney-/acks4 ,= a repres5tation ( lawns & grassy slopes1 mead[1 c41 we may take :ite velvet1 & t9t x to any requir$ %ade1 or use clo? :i* c be obta9$ any %ade ( gre51 or ev5 flock pap] may be procur$1 :i*1 :5 clev]ly laid on ! "w1 gives an excell5t imitation ( grass2 b ( all ^! me?ods1 velvet t9t$ w be f\nd ! mo/ effective & be/4 ,wat]1 repres5t ) look+-glass1 or ) mica1 to ! back ( :i* is gumm$ pap] ( suitable t9t = ! situation ( ! wat]4 ,= rocks1 grottoes1 c41 take /\t :ite pap]1 & ?or\ghly soak x 9 wat] until x is r5d]$ q pliable1 & !n ) ! f+]s1 pieces ( wood1 or any ?+ t may sugge/ itself z be+ useful1 m\ld or model x to ! requir$ %apes fancy or skill may sugge/1 & aft]w>ds t9t x to resemble nature4 ,an effect bett] /ill may be obta9$ by gumm+ x1 :5 p]fectly dry1 ) ?ick gum1 & !n du/+ or spr9kl+ x ) f9e s&1 :i* may be procur$ ( v>i\s %ades4 ,?is me?od adopt also = walks1 c>riage-drives1 or any place :]e a repres5tation ( road1 or gravel1 may be requir$4 ,cut out y\r fl[]-b$s 9 ?9 cork1 & !n burn ! upp] surface2 ?is w give ! appe>ance ( ri* m\ld1 or e>?1 & also s]ve z a good gr\ndwork to /ick ! %rubs & fl[]s into4 ,9 y\r trees1 r aim at a g5]al or sugge/ive effect1 ?an at mu* m9uti ( detail2 procure pieces ( twigs1 & %ape !m = ! trunks & bran*es1 & !n gum on !m ! smalle/-leav$ moss1 9 good outl9e to repres5t nature2 ?is moss w1 :5 p]fectly dri$1 be> t9t+ well4 ,fl[]-pat*es1 ! same moss ) a bit ( bright sc>let1 or o!r pap]1 "h & !re gumm$ among x4 ,we h n[ giv5 suffici5t g5]al in/ructions to enable ! /ud5t to proce$ ) ?is bran*1 %\ld 8 fancy lead him2 & ) ^! sugge/ions1 & 8 own practice1 he may 9 a %ort "t be enabl$ to imitate successfully ! qua9t g>d5s ( ! ,elizabe?an p]iod1 or ! m natural ta/e ev9c$ 9 ! l&scape g>d5+ ( our own times4 444 8,does airy fancy *eat ,my m9d well pleas$ ) ! deceit8 ,i seem to he>1 ,i seem to move1 ,& w&] ?r\gh ! happy grove1 ,:]e smoo? spr+s fl[1 & murmur+ breeze ,wantons ?r\gh ! wav+ trees40 ,,cree*4 ,,"p ,v4 ,a ,,gloss>y ,,conta9+ ,,! ,,me?ods ,,( ,,work+ ,,v>i\s ,,detail1 c41 ,,n ,,hi!rto ,,describ$4 ,a4 ,,ar*4--,z a g5]al rule1 e description ( ar* may be successfully modell$ by means ( ! knife-compass2 ea* sep>ate m\ld+ t occurs mu/ consi/ ( sep>ate pieces ( pap]1 ! edge ( :i* has be5 m\ld$ by "o or o!r ( ! means describ$1 & ^! lay]s gumm$ ov] "o ano!r :5 f9i%$4 ,to make our mean+ cle>]1 9 fig4 #a next page1 a section ( a cornice is giv51 z illu/rat+ ! me?od to be adopt$ = ar*es4 ,x w "h be se5 t x is compos$ ( six sep>ate pieces1 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 ?icknesses1 = ea* portion w be made ( ! numb] ( ?icknesses requir$ by its dep?2 ,no4 #a1 ! fillet1 squ>e1 ,no4 #b1 ! cyma recta1 fir/ splay1 z %[n by ! dott$ l9e2 & !n press ) ! m\ld+ tool to ! requir$ %ape1 & ?us proce$ ) all ! o!r memb]s4 ,?is cornice is n drawn to any scale4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,no4 #a ,fillet4 ,no4 #b ,cyma recta4 ,no4 #c ,fillet4 ,no4 #d ,casetto4 ,no4 #e ,facia4 ,no4 #f ,cont9uation ( facia4 ,no4 #g ,b$ m\ld4 ,:]e deep holl[s occur1 z 9 ,go?ic m\ld+s1 a diff]5t me?od mu/ be adopt$1 see fig4 #b1 ! m\ld+ = a ,go?ic w9d[ jamb2 "h ! deep holl[s are con/ruct$ by b5d+ ?9 pap] to ! requir$ curve1 & gumm+ x 9 ! "r angles1 or o!r angles requir$4 ,a & ,b repres5t ! outside walls ( ! "w1 & ,c ,c ,c ,c ! v>i\s angles requir$ by ! m\ld+s4 ,z w be se51 ! o!r m\ld+s are =m$ on ! ends ( angle-pieces1 9 ! same mann] z adopt$ = ! cornice4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,,ar*itrave4--,9 =m+ ^!1 ! same me?od may be adopt$ z = cornices1 cutt+ ! m\ld+s sep>ately1 & lay+ !m "o ov] ! o!r 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y come4 ,circul> ar*itraves are easily & beautifully cut ) ! knife-compass4 ,,acan?us4--,! me?od ( modell+ ! leaves ( ?is plant1 s mu* us$ 9 ornam5tation1 w be aft]w>ds describ$ "u ! g5]al head ( ornam5ts4 ,,a%l>4--,9 repres5t+ "w ( two k9ds1 namely1 quo9s ( dress$ "w1 & fill+ 9 ( r&om tool$ a%l>3--,draw ! quo9s 9 ) a ,h ,h ,h p5cil1 score 9 ! a%l>1 & t9t z may be desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r&om ,,a%l>4 ,,a/ragal4--,fir/ cut y\r pap] squ>e1 ?us--2 next bevel ! edge ?us 771 & !n1 ) "o ( ! holl[ ivory m\ld+ tools run along ! edge by pressure1 give ! int5d$ r\nd4 ,,acrot]ia4--,may be modell$ 9 exactly ! same mann] z previ\sly describ$ = *imney %afts 7see page #hj1 ante74 ,b4 ,,b>ge ,,bo>d4--,fir/ det]m9e on ! ?ickness y\r bo>d is to be1 & !n let ! pap] = x be press$ clos] toge!r ?an t us$ = ord9>y "w2 c>efully draw ! patt]n1 & cut out ) knife ,no4 #c1 splay+ ! trac]y ) knives ,nos4 #a & #b1 & smoo?+ ) an ivory or agate burni%]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b>ge ,,bo>d4 ,,buttress4--,if !y are to a l>ge scale1 say qu>t]-in*1 "o foot1 !y are be/ box$ out2 ! angles c>efully & accurately mitr$4 ,less scale1 !y may be box$ out ( d\ble ?ickness1 z describ$ = *imney %afts2 or1 if v small size1 !y may be cut f ! solid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,side ,,view4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,view4 ,,balu/rade4--,model ! capp+ z describ$ = cornices1 ) ! exception1 ?is w be work$ ^u bo? faces4 ,,block+4--,to a cornice4 ,?is1 if l>ge1 is be/ con/ruct$ by be+ box$ out4 ,if small 9 size1 cut !m out ( ! solid4 ,,bracket4--,brackets 9 ,go?ic "w are to be con/ruct$ 9 lay]s1 9 a simil> mann] z describ$ = cornices2 o!r brackets may be cut f ! solid pap]1 fir/ by mak+ a patt]n1 or template1 9 ?9 tea lead1 or %eet copp]1 & m>k+ r\nd ! edge ^u ! pap]1 uni=mity ( size be+ ?us ensur$4 ,c4 ,,cornices4--,! con/ruction ( cornices is fully describ$ 9 t ( ! ,h\se1 illu/rat$1 & also "u ! head ( ,ar*1 :]e a cornice is describ$ z illu/rat+ ! =mation ( m\ld$ ar*es4 ,,co9s1 or ,,quo9s2 see ^? describ$ = ,h\se1 page #fd1 ante2 also ,a%l>-"w4 ,,cop+4--,if ! cop+ be small scale1 cut f ! solid by ! adju/+ /raight-edge2 o!rwise !y are bett] box$ out4 ,,cre/+4--,proce$ 9 mu* ! same mann] z describ$ = b>ge bo>ds2 use a template to save tr\ble 9 p5cill+ out1 & cut ) knife ,no4 #c2 ?ree ?icknesses are ample = eigh? scale "w4 ,,cusps4--,see description ( ,trac]y2 w9d[-cusps be+ circul> "w1 ,no4 #c knife mu/ be us$4 ,,corbel4--,ref] to ,cantilev]s 9 ,h\se ,t[] ,cornice1 ! me?od ( modell+ be+ ! same1 except su* z are compos$ ( a s]ies ( horizontal m\ld+s1 9 :i* case proce$ z = cornices4 ,,console4--,! console giv5 = example is compos$ v]tically ( five sep>ate pieces2 horizontally ( two1 ea* sep>ate "p receiv+ its prop] =m1 & :5 complet$1 gumm$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration ,,capital1 ,,cor9?ian4--,we *oose = illu/rat+ ! me?od adopt$ = modell+ capitals1 a ,cor9?ian "o1 z mo/ useful = our purpose4 ,! example giv5 is f ! ,temple ( ,ve/a1 at ,tivoli1 a beautiful & peculi> example1 to model :i* proce$ ?us ,illu/ration3 ,a ,a ,a ,fl[]s 9 ! abacus4 #a #b #c ,abacus4 ,b ,b ,volutes4 ,c ,c ,caulicoles4 ,c99 ,bell4 #a #b #c ,a/ragal4 ,d ,d ,d ,flutes4 ,compose ! abacus ( ?ree lay]s1 #a1 ovolo1 #b1 fillet1 #c1 cyma2 !n ! bell ( ! capital mu/ be turn$ out ( "s close-gra9$ wood1 & atta*$ to ! a/ragal1 compos$ ( ?ree pieces1 #a1 fillet1 #b1 a/ragal1 #c1 fillet4 ,! leaves are !n to be modell$1 z describ$ "u ! head ( ornam5ts1 also ! fl[] 9 ! abacus2 ! volutes & caulicoles 9 a simil> mann] to t describ$ = consoles4 ,:5 all are prep>$1 !y mu/ be fix$ mo/ accurately 9 _! places4 ,! bell ( ! capital mu/ be t9t$ previ\sly1 to resemble 9 col\r ! re/ ( ! "w4 ,illu/ration ,,column1 ,,circul>4--,?is description ( columns mu/ be =m$ out ( v ?9 pap]1 roll$ z close z possible to ! requir$ l5g?s & diamet]s1 ?9n+ ! pap] at ! extreme edge ) a v %>p knife to conceal ! jo94 ,if ! columns are too small to be clev]ly roll$1 !y may be turn$ z describ$ = balu/]s2 %\ld ! columns 7z 9 classic "w17 dim9i%1 !n procure a wood core to roll ! pap] r\nd1 & :5 ! pap] is gumm$ & dry1 )draw ! core4 ,x w n[ be obvi\s t comb9ations ( v>i\s descriptions occurr+ s frequ5tly 9 ,go?ic "w1 may easily be repres5t$ z ?is column 9 plan1 be+ no?+ m ?an f\r rolls jo9$ toge!r4 ,if ! columns are too small = pap]1 turn %afts1 bases1 & caps at once2 by ?is means mu* unnecess>y tr\ble w be sav$1 & a sup]ior effect produc$4 ,d4 ,,d5tils4--,model d5tils 9 ! same mann] z previ\sly describ$ = brackets1 cantilev]s1 c4 ,,dome4--,:atev] ! %ape ( ! dome y wi% to model may be1 a patt]n on :i* to =m x _h be/ be turn$ 9 wood2 ?is =ms a basis ^u :i* ! pap] cas+ may rema9 until dry1 & !n ! m\ld may be remov$4 ,x has n be5 ?\ght necess>y )9 ! limits ( ?is "w to include ! developm5t ( ! v>i\s %apes ( domes & cupolas1 ! /ud5t be+ deem$ ma/] ( ?is bran* ( sci5ce4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he %\ld n be1 any "w on practical geometry w supply 8 wants4 ,,doors4--,a copi\s description ( ! mann] ( modell+ doors is giv5 9 ^? describ$ = ! ,h\se1 page #ea1 ante4 ,f4 ,,flutes4--,9 ord] to flute a column1 we proce$ ?us3 fir/ roll ! column up z be=e describ$1 tak+ c>e to h x small] ?an if pla91 to all[ ! flut$ piece to make up ! requir$ diamet]2 !n prep>e a piece ( pap] 7"o ?ickness w d71 cut x ( suffici5t size to g once r\nd ! column1 & jo9 exactly2 ^u ?is piece c>efully space or m>k out ! divisions ( ! flut+s4 ,n[ procure a piece ( s(t /raight-gra9$ deal1 p]fectly free f knots1 & ) "s blunt1 r\nd-head$ in/rum5t 7"o ( ! modell+ tools1 or a piece ( ivory fil$ smoo?17 ind5t ! wood ) a groove ! exact l5g? ( ! requir$ flute1 ^u :i* 7! pap] hav+ be5 previ\sly damp$ only71 press x into ! wood groove all along ! flute ) ! same tool ! groove 0 made )1 & s proce$ ) ea* 9 succession1 gumm+ !m to ! column :5 dry4 ,h4 ,,holl[s4--,9 =m+ holl[s 9 m\ld+s1 c41 if l>ge1 proce$ z describ$ "u ! head ( ,ar*2 if small1 fir/ cut by means ( ! 8adju/+ /raight-edge10 an angle1 ?us1 ,v2 & !n ) a curv$ ivory tool give x ! requir$ concavity by pressure along ! :ole l5g? ( ! previ\sly cut angle4 ,,hood ,,m\ld4--,^! may be cut ) ! 8knife-compass10 & ! m\ld+s work$ by fitt+ a piece ( ivory fil$ to ! requir$ =m 9 lieu ( ! knife2 !y mu/ be slightly gumm$ ^u ! und]side to ! cutt+-bo>d1 to keep !m /eady :ile be+ work$4 ,i4 ,,ironwork4--,may be repres5t$ 9 ei!r pap]1 tea-lead1 ?9 %eet copp]1 or wire1 dep5d+ on size & =m2 p]haps ! easie/ & be/ mat]ial = g5]al purposes is tea-lead1 i4 e41 ! lead ) :i* ! tea *e/s are l9$4 ,o4 ,,ornam5ts4--,"u ?is head is includ$ e description ( foliage1 leaves1 c4 ,all ! leaves1 c41 mu/ be c>efully drawn & cut out1 & !n ind5t$ on ei!r side1 z concavity or convexity is desir$1 9 a simil> mann] to ! op]ation ( flut+ a column1 ) ! diff]5t ivory modell+ tools on a piece ( s(t yield+ deal4 ,bosses1 crocketts1 f9ials1 fe/oons1 wrea?s1 9 %ort e description ( foliage1 & ev5 sculpture 9 bas-relief1 may be beautifully modell$ by ^! simple means4 ,t4 ,,trac]y ,,w9d[4--,! g5]al me?od ( modell+ w9d[s ( ?is description is v simple1 b ! practice difficult4 ,fir/1 pap] ^u :i* y int5d to cut out any trac]y1 mu/ be press$ clos] toge!r ?an t us$ = ord9>y "w1 s z to af=d m assi/ance to ! knife :5 cutt+ on ! splay4 ,hav+ drawn ! design ( y\r w9d[1 proce$ to cut out all ! int]/ices ) knife ,no4 #c2 !n splay d[n f ! nos+ ) knives ,nos4 #a & #b1 z ea* may be f\nd useful1 cutt+ ?r\gh ) "o /roke1 or r ) a succession ( %ort /rokes "r ?r\gh on ! slant1 boldly & )\t leav+ a jagg$ edge2 aft]w>ds smoo? y\r "w ) ivory or agate4 ,y _h bett] place ! pieces t came f betwe5 ! mullions :ile cutt+ ! splay1 9 _! places aga9 betwe5 ! mullions1 to (f] resi/ance to ! knife & prev5t !m b5d+4 ,! eyes may be successfully =m$ by pack+-ne$les ( diamond %ape1 fix$ 9 a h&le4 ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,gloss>y4 ,,to ,,! ,,read]4 ,x w h af=d$ ! ,au?or s9c]e gratification if ! cont5ts ( ?is little "w h f\nd fav\r 9 ! eyes ( ! ,read]1 & h be5 a ready help to him 9 8 ef=ts 9 ,ar*itectural ,modell+4 ,next to ! pleasure ( le>n+1 is t ( imp>t+ k4 ,! ,au?or has endeav\r$1 to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 to r5d] all 8 in/ructions cle> & practical1 at ! same "t dive/+ !m ( all unnecess>y te*nicalities1 & r5d]+ !m z t]se z possible4 ,,f9is4 ,,london3 ,,bradbury ,,& ,,evans1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,:itefri>s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,item numb] #d 0 n includ$ 9 ! caption on p4 #fa4 #b4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors4 #c4 ,reta9$ ana*roni/ic & non-/&>d spell+s z pr9t$4 #d4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 #e4 ,enclos$ bold font 9 equals4