,image3 ,james ,brown ,,life ,,of ,a ,,pioneer ,,being ,,the ,,autobiography ,,of ,,james ,s4 ,,brown4 ,,salt ,,lake ,,city1 ,,utah3 ,,geo4 ,q4 ,,cannon ,,sons ,,co41 ,printers4 #aijj4 ,,preface4 ,,the life of a pioneer in ,western ,america always is full of peril and hardship2 often it has a large share of startling episodes and thrilling adventures2 not infrequently it is associated with notable historic events2 and the experiences met with develop independence of character1 firmness of purpose1 and1 in those whose spiritual nature is not dwarfed by unworthy conduct1 a sublime faith in ,god that when man puts forth his highest endeavor all things beyond the scope of his efforts are ordered for the best by the ,great ,ruler of the universe4 ,when to the pioneer's experiences are added those that come from travel in foreign lands1 perils of the sea1 and the hostility of warlike foes1 the narrative of such a life cannot fail to be alike profitable and interesting reading to both young and old4 ,the subject of the autobiographical sketch in this volume feels that he is not presumptuous in saying that each class of experience named in relation to the pioneer and the traveler has been his4 ,the perils and hardships of the pioneers in whose work he commingled have been the theme of song and story for half a century2 the thrilling and adventurous character of his experiences as frontiers-man and ,indian interpreter were of a kind notable even in those avocations2 his association with historic events of moment includes the period when the territorial area of the great ,republic was almost doubled by the acquisition of the ,pacific slope and the ,rocky ,mountain region1 and when the great gold discovery in ,california was made1 since he was a member of the famous ,mormon ,battalion and also was present at the finding of gold in ,california1 being the first man to declare--on tests made by himself--that the little yellow flakes were the precious metal2 and his reliance on ,deity is portrayed in his missionary work at home and in foreign lands1 with civilized people and among savages1 often in circumstances when life itself apparently was forfeit to duty conscientiously performed4 ,in the following pages there is no claim to transcendent literary merit4 ,yet the writer feels that the narrative is presented in the plain and simple language of the people1 with a clearness and force of expression that will be pleasing and impressive to every reader possessed of ordinary or of superior educational attainments2 while the very simplicity and directness of the language used1 far from embellishing the events described1 prove an invaluable guide in securing accuracy1 that not an incident shall be overdrawn or given undue importance4 ,the purpose of the writer has been to relate the story of his life1 for the benefit and entertainment of his children and friends1 and of all others who may read it1 and to do so with a strict regard for veracity2 for he feels that the numerous thrilling and sensational incidents in his life were sufficiently exciting to bear a toning down that comes from calm contemplation when the agitation of the immediate occurrence has passed1 rather than to need the coloring of a graphic pen4 ,in such a presentation1 too1 he feels that the result of his labors in this respect will be a further step in carrying out that which has been the leading purpose of his life1 namely1 to do good to all mankind1 to the glory of ,god4 ,with a fervent desire and firm confidence that every worthy aim in presenting this autobiography shall be achieved1 and shall find a vigorous and ennobling response in the hearts of those who read it1 the leading events of his life1 and the narration thereof1 are respectfully submitted to his family and friends by ,,the ,,author4 ,,contents4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,home of the ,author--,a ,career of ,thrilling ,experiences--,his ,birth and ,parentage--,early ,avocations--,migration from ,north ,carolina to ,illinois--,life on the ,frontier--,dangers to ,early ,settlers--,a ,frontiersman--,father's ,advice--,more ,settlers ,come--,churches and ,schools--,limited ,opportunities--,frozen ,feet--,unimpressionable to the ,preaching of the ,time--,talk of a ,new ,religion1 ,prophets1 ,miracles1 etc4--,prosecution of the ,new ,church--,showers of ,stars--,popular ,adverse ,views of the ,mormons--,the ,mormons ,driven from ,missouri ,into ,illinois--,mormon ,elder ,comes to ,preach--,converts ,uncle ,james ,brown--,preaches ,again--,preparations to ,mob the ,elder--,his ,scriptural ,doctrine ,disconcerts ,enemies and ,secures him ,friends--,his ,discourse--,effect on ,young ,james ,s4 ,brown of the ,first ,gospel ,sermon to him--,his ,testimony to the ,spirit and ,truth of the ,elder's ,message4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,persecuted by ,playmates--,give ,them an ,effective ,check--,fight with ,wild ,beasts--,parents ,join the ,mormons--,the ,author ,holds ,back--,assassination of ,joseph and ,hyrum ,smith--,mormons ,leave ,illinois for the ,west--,exciting ,times--,my ,winter's ,work--,father ,decides to ,wait a ,while ,before ,leaving ,illinois--,my ,determination to go with the ,mormons--,confide a ,secret to my ,mother--,a ,new ,consultation--,change ,in the ,family ,plans--,father ,prepares to ,start--,gives me ,permission to ,go--,thinks of ,leaving me because of ,my ,illness--,i ,feel to ,prefer ,death to ,being ,left ,behind4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,start for ,nauvoo--,taken ,severely ,ill--,the ,lord ,answers my ,prayer for ,relief--,pass through ,carthage--,in ,nauvoo ,the ,beautiful1 but ,almost ,deserted ,city--,scene on the ,iowa ,shore--,cross the ,mississippi--,curious ,make-up of the ,exiles' ,teams--,the ,bad ,roads--,stuck in the ,mud--,repairing ,camps--,good ,order ,maintained--,unnecessary ,killing of ,game ,forbidden--,reach ,grand ,river and ,put ,in a ,crop--,learn of the ,call for the ,mormon ,battalion--,apostles as ,recruiting ,officers--,call for ,volunteers--,response by the ,camp--,received into the church by ,baptism--,filled with the ,love of the ,gospel--,get the ,spirit to ,enlist--,consult my ,relatives and ,ezra ,t4 ,benson--,an ,elder's ,promise--,join the ,mormon ,battalion4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,start for the ,battalion ,rendezvous--,a ,journey of ,hardship--,in the ,mormons' ,camp on ,missouri ,river--,first ,experiences in the ,army--,blessed by ,apostles--,prophetic ,address by ,president ,brigham ,young--,the ,battalion starts on its ,long ,journey--,doing ,camp ,duty--,heavy ,storms and ,insufficient ,rations--,hard ,experiences--,at ,fort ,leavenworth--,mexican ,mules as a ,cure for ,egotism--,colonel ,allen ,taken ,ill--,on the ,santa ,fe ,road--,suffering from ,thirst--,sickness among the ,troops--,dr4 ,g4 ,b4 ,sanderson1 a ,tyrannical ,quack--,army ,merchants--,order of ,marching4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,crossing of the ,kaw ,river--,indian ,farmers--,fierce ,storm on ,stone ,coal ,creek--,crossing a ,creek with ,precipitous ,banks--,ruins of an ,ancient ,city--,wagonload of ,sick ,upset in a ,stream--,sad ,news of ,col4 ,allen's ,death--,dispute over ,his ,successor--,military ,rules ,disregarded ,in ,settling ,the ,question--,troops ,dissatisfied--,sickness ,in ,camp--,harshness of the ,new ,commander1 ,lieutenant ,colonel ,smith--,brutality of the ,doctor --,doses of ,objectionable ,medicine in an ,old ,iron ,spoon--,in the ,comanche ,indian ,country---,abuse from ,lieutenant ,colonel ,smith--,scarcity of ,fuel--,buffalo ,chips--,cooking ,food under ,great ,difficulties--,increase of ,sickness--,up the ,grand ,valley of the ,arkansas--,detachment of ,sick ,sent to ,pueblo--,mirages--,herds of ,buffalo--,on the ,sick ,list--,reach the ,rocky ,mountains--,prehistoric ,ruins--,in ,mexican ,villages--,arrival at ,santa ,fe4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,exemplary ,conduct of the ,mormon ,troops--,lieutenant ,colonel ,p4 ,st4 ,george ,cooke ,arrives and ,assumes ,command--,a ,welcome ,change--,another ,detachment of ,sick1 also the ,laundresses1 ,sent to ,pueblo--,selecting ,men to ,continue the ,journey to ,california--,reducing the ,baggage--,difficulties of the #a1ajj ,miles ,journey ,ahead--,poor ,equipment ,therefor--,leave ,santa ,fe--,roads of ,heavy ,sand--,on ,one-third ,rations--,hardships ,increase--,galled ,feet and ,gnawing ,stomachs--,more ,sick ,men for ,pueblo--,leaving the ,last ,wagons--,mules and ,oxen ,in a ,pack ,train--,in an ,unknown ,country--,hunting a ,pass over the ,mountains--,alarm of an ,enemy--,a ,beaver ,dam--,crossing the ,rio ,grande ,del ,norte--,great ,suffering ,among the ,troops4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,pushing to the ,west--,overhearing a ,conversation with ,col4 ,cooke--,the ,colonel ,fears the ,men ,will ,starve--,no ,berries1 not even ,bark ,of ,trees1 for ,food--,true ,state of ,affairs as to the ,outlook ,kept from ,most of the ,troops--,hides1 ,intestines1 and even soft ,edges of ,hoofs and ,horns of ,animals ,eaten--,bird's ,eye ,soup4--,in a ,snowstorm--,relics of ,ancient ,inhabitants--,camp without ,water--,old ,silver and ,copper ,mines--,hardest ,day of the ,journey--,men ,appear as if ,stricken with ,death--,the ,writer so ,ill as to be ,unable to ,travel ,longer1 and ,expects to ,die--,uncle ,alexander ,stephens ,comes with ,water and ,revives ,him--,awful ,suffering in ,camp--,reported ,sick ,next ,morning--,brutal ,dr4 ,sanderson ,gives a ,deadly ,dose of ,laudanum1 but the ,writer ,vomits it ,after ,being ,made ,fearfully ,sick--,in ,terrible ,distress for ,days--,healed by the ,laying on of ,hands of the ,elders of the ,church of ,jesus ,christ of ,latter-day ,saints ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,on the ,summit of the ,rocky ,mountains--,crossing the ,backbone of the ,north ,american ,continent--,review of the ,journey--,graves ,opened by ,wolves--,mutilated ,bodies--,an ,unparalleled ,journey of ,hardship--,the ,prospect ,ahead--,a ,matter of ,life and ,death--,start ,down the ,pacific ,slope--,descending the ,cliffs with ,wagons--,one ,vehicle ,slips and is reduced to ,kindling ,wood and ,scrap ,iron--,into a ,new ,climate--,change in the ,character of ,vegetation--,wild ,horses and ,cattle--,attacked by ,wild ,cattle--,several ,men ,hurt and one ,mule ,gored to ,death--,a ,number of ,cattle ,killed--,supply of ,beef--,reach the ,pan ,pedro ,river--,traveling ,through a ,heavy ,growth of ,mesquit and ,chapparal--,approach the ,mexican ,garrisoned ,town of ,tucson--,news of ,approach of a ,large ,american ,army ,sent to the ,mexicans--,order ,issued by ,colonel ,cooke4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,on the ,trail to ,tucson--,excitement ,in the ,town--,meet ,mexican ,soldiers--,our ,numbers ,overrated by the ,indians--,mexican ,commander under ,orders to ,oppose us--,colonel ,cooke ,announces his ,wish to ,pass on ,without ,hostilities--,arrest of ,corporal ,cassaduran1 son of the ,mexican ,commander at ,tucson1 and other ,mexicans who are ,held as ,hostages for the ,return of our ,interpreter--,the ,interpreter is ,liberated--,an ,armistice ,proposed--,surrender of ,tucson ,demanded--,mexican ,prisoners ,released--,surrender is ,refused--,colonel ,cooke orders the ,battalion to ,prepare for ,battle--,advance toward the ,town--,flight of the ,mexicans--,at the ,gates of ,tucson--,our ,line of ,battle--,address by ,colonel ,cooke--,we ,enter the ,town1 and ,pass ,through to ,camp--,purchases of ,wheat1 ,corn1 etc4--,the battalion nearly ,starved--,night ,alarm of a ,mexican ,attack--,difficulties of ,getting into ,line--,no ,enemy in ,sight--,start ,across the ,gila ,desert--,agony on the ,burning ,sands and ,alkali ,flats--,strengthened by the ,divine ,blessing--,reach the ,gila ,river4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,on the ,gila ,river--,pima ,indian ,village--,welcome ,gifts from the ,pimas--,among the ,maricopa ,indians--,asleep on the ,trail--,visit from a ,bear--,loss of ,provisions ,through an ,attempt to ,float a ,quantity ,down the ,gila--,hard ,traveling--,crossing the ,colorado ,river--,gloom ,in the ,camp--,lower and ,upper ,california--,terrible ,march over the ,tierra ,caliente1 or ,hot ,lands--,digging ,wells for ,brackish ,water--,advance ,guard ,reach a ,mountain ,spring--,water ,carried back to ,revive the ,fainting ,troops--,last ,spoonful of ,flour ,used--,dividing the ,rations--,in the ,canyons of the ,sierra ,nevada--,hewing ,roads through ,rocks and ,brush--,feeding on ,live ,acorns and ,green ,mustard--,news of ,victories by ,united states ,troops in ,california--,preparing to ,engage the ,retiring ,mexican ,army--,first ,house ,seen in ,california--,beef ,without ,salt--,trade for ,acorn ,mush--,heavy ,storm and ,flood ,in ,camp--a ,few ,pounds of ,flour ,secured--,dancing in ,mud and ,water--,receive ,orders to go to ,los ,angeles--,discover a ,body of ,troops in ,line of ,battle--,advance to the ,attack--,supposed ,foe ,proves to be ,friendly ,indians--,presence of the ,mormon ,battalion prevents an ,intended ,attempt by ,mexicans to ,retake ,california1 also an ,uprising of ,californians ,against the ,united ,states--,on a ,battlefield where ,general ,kearney had ,fought--,relics of the ,encounter--,prophecy of ,president ,brigham ,young and its ,fulfillment--,source of ,his ,inspiration4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,ordered to ,san ,diego--,first ,view of the ,pacific ,ocean--,rumors of the ,enemy--,complimentary ,order1 by ,lieut4 ,col4 ,cooke1 on the ,achievements of the ,mormon ,battalion--,reported ,hostility of ,col4 ,fremont to ,gen4 ,kearney--,living on ,beef ,alone--,obtain some ,flour--,routine of the ,camp--,ordered to ,los ,angeles--,damage by an ,earthquake--,wild ,horses and ,cattle ,driven ,into the ,sea--,arrival at ,los ,angeles--,rumors of an ,attack--,constructing a ,fort--,guarding ,cajon ,pass--,surrounded by ,wild ,cattle--,take ,refuge ,in a ,ravine--,col4 ,fremont ,arrested--,site of ,san ,bernardino--,getting out a ,liberty ,pole--,brush with the ,indians--,clearing ,los ,angeles of ,dogs--,wickedness in the ,town--,brutality of ,bull ,fights1 ,horse ,racing1 etc4--,always ,ready for an ,attack--,first ,raising of the ,stars and ,stripes on a ,liberty ,pole in ,california4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,term of ,enlistment ,expires--,battalion ,members ,preparing to ,return to their ,families--,one company ,re-enlists--,an ,insolent ,spaniard--,pistol ,snapped in the ,writer's ,face--,almost a ,deathblow--,desperate ,fight ,stopped by ,bystanders--,serious ,trouble with ,another ,spaniard--,learn the ,lesson to ,avoid those who ,gamble or ,drink ,intoxicants--,spanish ,character--,class of ,california's ,inhabitants in #ahdg--;,condition of the ,country--,appearance of the ,towns and ,villages--,difficulty in ,securing an ,outfit for ,members of the ,battalion to ,journey ,eastward4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,mormon ,battalion ,mustered out of ,service--,one ,hundred and ,fifty ,members ,organize to ,return ,fast to the ,rocky ,mountains--,start on the ,journey--,difficulties of the ,route--,dealing with ,wild ,horses and ,cattle ,stampede of a ,pack ,animal--,chase ,into an ,indian ,camp--,lost ,all ,night in a ,swamp--,suffering on the ,desert for ,lack of ,water--,arrive ,near ,sutter's ,fort--,on the ,site of ,sacramento ,party ,decide to ,remain ,over for the ,year1 and ,obtain ,employment--,meet ,captain ,j4 ,a4 ,sutter and ,james ,w4 ,marshall--,proposition to ,capt4 ,sutter--,engaged to ,work on a ,sawmill--,proceedings at the ,millsite--,mill ,started ,up--,the ,writer ,engaged to ,direct ,indians ,laboring at the ,tail ,race--,conversation with ,mr4 ,marshall--,marshall ,talks ,about ,finding ,gold--,he and the ,writer make a ,search for ,gold1 but ,finding ,none1 ,defer the ,investigation till ,next ,morning--,marshall's ,faith in his ,being ,successful ,in ,discovering the ,precious ,metal4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,arrival of the ,members of ,mormon ,battalion at ,sutter's ,fort ,opens the ,way for the ,discovery of ,gold ,in ,california--,james ,w4 ,marshall out ,early on ,january #bd1 #ahdh--;,he is ,going to ,find a ,gold ,mine--,regarded as a ,notional ,man--,boys1 ,i have got ,her ,now6--,testing the ,scales of ,metal--,gold1 ,boys1 ,gold6--,first ,proclamation of the ,great ,gold ,discovery--,second and ,third ,tests--,all ,excitement--,three or ,four ,ounces of ,gold ,gathered--,agree to ,keep the ,discovery ,secret--,find the ,precious ,metal ,farther ,down the ,stream--,how the ,secret ,leaked out--,more ,discoveries--,first ,publication of the ,news made in a ,mormon ,paper--,washing out the ,metal--,first ,gold ,rocker--,gathering ,gold--,part taken by ,mr4 ,marshall1 the ,mormons and ,capt4 ,sutter in the ,discovery--,misfortunes of ,sutter and ,marshall--,account of the ,gold ,discovery ,certified to by ,several ,eye ,witnesses ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,prepare to ,leave ,california--,snow in the ,mountains ,causes a ,wait till the ,last of ,june--,discover a ,rich ,gold ,prospect--,leave it to ,make the ,journey over the ,mountains--,no ,regrets at ,abandoning the ,mines in ,answer to a ,call of ,duty--,camp ,organized in ,pleasant ,valley--,start on the ,trip--,three ,members of the ,party ,ahead1 ,looking out the ,route1 ,found ,murdered by ,indians at ,tragedy ,springs--,covering the ,bodies--,stampede of ,animals--,guarding ,against ,hostile ,indians--,crossing the ,divide in ,snow--,the ,writer ,fooled--,take ,two ,indians ,prisoners--,cutting a ,road--,horses ,stolen by ,indians--,pursuit to ,capture them--,in ,carson ,valley--,along ,humboldt ,river--,at ,steamboat ,springs--,over the ,desert--,member of the ,party ,wants to ,kill ,indians--,the ,writer's ,emphatic ,objection--,indians ,wound ,stock--,addison ,pratt as a ,lucky ,fisherman--,writer ,trades with an ,indian--,the ,red ,man's ,trick--,writer ,pursues him into the ,indian ,camp--,escape from ,danger--,journey to ,bear ,river--,hot and ,cold ,water ,springs--,reach ,box ,elder--,view the ,great ,salt ,lake--,arrive at ,ogden1 where ,captain ,brown and some ,saints had ,settled--,journey to the ,mormon ,camp on what is now ,pioneer ,square1 ,salt ,lake ,city--,heartily ,welcomed by ,relatives and ,friends--,rejoicing and ,thanksgiving4 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,contentment ,among the ,saints in ,great ,salt ,lake ,valley--,rude ,dwellings and ,short ,rations--,trying ,experiences--,rescue of ,mormon ,battalion ,members from ,starvation--,carry ,news of ,california ,gold ,discovery to the ,east--,re-union of ,mormon ,battalion ,members--,addresses by the ,first ,presidency and ,others--,settling a ,new ,country--,organization of ,minute ,men--,cold ,winter--,the ,gold ,fever--,tenor of the ,preaching and ,prophesyings of those ,times--,instructing the ,people in ,industrial ,pursuits--,policy ,towards the ,indians4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,scarcity of ,food in the ,great ,salt ,lake ,valley--,wild ,vegetables for ,greens--,fair ,prospects for ,crops--,clouds of ,crickets lay ,bare the ,fields--,people struggle ,against the ,pests ,almost to ,despair--,vast ,flocks of ,sea ,gulls1 as the ,clouds of ,heaven1 ,come to the ,rescue--,destruction of the ,crickets--,people ,praise the ,lord--,the ,writer ,invited to a ,meeting1 ,ordained a ,seventy1 and ,called with ,others to go on a ,mission to the ,society ,islands--,words of ,presidents ,brigham ,young and ,heber ,c4 ,kimball--,preparations to ,travel to ,california with an ,emigrant ,company--,description of the ,route by ,captain ,jefferson ,hunt--,start on ,my ,mission--,prophecy by ,president ,willard ,richards--,battle with ,indians at ,provo ,averted by ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich--,prospects of ,utah ,valley to ,support ,population--,overtake the ,emigrant ,company--,discussions at ,beaver ,river--,company ,starts for ,walker's ,pass--,turned ,back by ,scarcity of ,water--,experience on the ,desert--,dissensions in the ,company--,futile ,attempt to send some of the ,members ,back--,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich ,foresees ,further ,trouble1 and ,endeavors to ,save the ,mormon ,part of the ,train by ,advising ,them to ,return to the ,old ,spanish ,trail--,methodist and ,campbellite ,ministers ,incite the ,company ,against their ,mormon ,guide1 ,captain ,hunt--,main ,company ,disregards ,captain ,hunt's ,warning of ,danger1 and ,leaves the ,old ,spanish ,trail to ,search for the ,route ,through ,walker's ,pass--,mormons go with ,captain ,hunt on the ,southern ,route4 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,caught in a ,snowstorm--,via the ,santa ,clara and ,rio ,virgen to the ,muddy--,news of ,sad ,disaster to the ,emigrant ,company--,making ,charcoal and ,nails--,an ,apostle as a ,blacksmith--,searching for ,water on the ,desert--,crossing an ,alkali ,stream--,discover ,gold near ,salt ,springs--,hurrying on over the ,desert--,cattle ,poisoned at ,bitter ,springs--,killing ,animals to ,relieve their ,sufferings--,first ,wagon over ,cajon ,pass1 going ,west--,severe ,journey to the ,summit of the ,pass--,all get ,over ,safely--,sense of ,great ,relief--,grass and ,water ,in ,abundance--,overtaken by survivors of the ,emigrant ,company--,their ,story of ,terrible ,suffering--,divide ,provisions with ,them--,celebrating ,christmas1 #ahdi--;,continuing the ,journey ,north--,spanish ,warning in a ,cemetery to ,indians--,cruelty of the ,spaniards to the ,indians--,the ,writer ,placed ,in ,charge of the ,company--,directed to go to the ,gold ,mines4 ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,journeying ,toward the ,gold ,diggings--,threatened by ,wild ,horses--,difficulties of ,traveling--,convocation of the ,feathered ,creation--,rejoin ,our ,friends--,ferrying ,across a ,river--,strike a ,gold ,prospect--,on a ,prospecting ,tour--,an ,agreement that ,failed--,instructed to go to ,san ,francisco to proceed on a ,mission--,trip to ,stockton--,gamblers1 ,sharpers and ,miners at that ,place--,a ,temptation ,overcome--,arrive in ,san ,francisco--,welcomed by ,saints--,receive ,kind ,treatment--,on ,hoard a ,vessel ,bound for ,tahiti4 ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,sailing for the ,south ,pacific--,severe ,attack of ,seasickness--,becalmed in the ,tropics--,intense ,heat--,marquesas ,islands--,cannibals--,reach ,tahiti--,land at ,papeete--,meet with ,friends--,hearty ,welcome--,preaching to the ,natives--,animosity of ,protestants and ,catholics ,toward the ,mormons--,jealousy of ,french ,government ,officials on the ,island--,watched by ,detectives--,six ,natives ,baptized--,learning the ,language--,rumors of an ,intention to ,expel the ,mormons--,elders ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard and ,t4 ,whitaker ,arrested--,appeal for ,aid--,their ,release and ,return to their ,missionary ,labors--,meet with ,brother ,pratt ,again--,interview with the ,governor--,that ,official ,refuses ,elders ,pratt and ,brown ,permission to ,visit ,another ,island--,scarcity of ,food at ,huaua--,eating ,seasnails and ,bugs--,strange ,dishes of ,food--,almost ,perish from ,thirst--,visit to ,tiarara--,acquiring the ,language4 ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,offer of ,transportation to the ,island of ,tubuol--,apply to the ,governor for ,permission to go--,troops on ,parade--,suite of ,queen ,pomere--,call on the ,governor--,conversation in ,three ,languages--,directed to ,come ,again ,next ,day--,put off by the ,governor--,latter ,refuses the ,permission ,asked--,his ,prejudice ,against the ,mormons--,demands a ,statement of ,their ,doctrines--,not ,required of ,other ,denominations--,writer's ,interview with the ,governor--,return to ,huaua--,other ,elders ,requested to ,assemble then--,bitterness of ,protestant ,ministers--,natives comment on ,mormons ,learning ,their ,language ,quickly4 ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,visit to ,papeete--,duck-,hunting ,trip--,a ,peculiar ,woman--,along a ,perilous ,path--,an ,opinion of ,english ,ministers--,arrival of ,s4 ,a4 ,dunn--,learn of ,more ,missionaries ,arriving at ,tubuoi--,news from my ,father and ,others--,letters from the ,first ,presidency and ,some of the ,apostles--,written ,statement ,sent to the ,governor of ,tahiti--,visit the ,governor--,our ,statement ,rejected--,list of ,questions and ,statement ,presented by the ,governor--,reply of ,elder ,a4 ,pratt--,objections by the ,governor--,permission given us to ,travel and ,preach on the ,islands4 ,,chapter ,,xxiii4 ,return to ,huahua--,heavy ,rainstorms--,refusal of an ,offer to be ,carried ,over a ,stream--,perilous ,swimming ,feat--,episode with a ,wild ,boar--,start on a ,trip ,around the ,island--,obtain a ,loaf of ,bread--,people not ,desirous of ,listening to the ,mormon ,elders--,customs of the ,natives--,reputation of ,protestant ,clergy on ,tahiti--,with the ,chief ,magistrate of ,uairai--,across a ,small ,bay in a ,canoe--,french ,garrison at the ,isthmus--,with my ,friend ,pohe--,review of a ,hard ,journey--,again at ,huaua4 ,,chapter ,,xxiv4 ,scarcity of ,food--,traveling ,in ,heavy ,rains--,call on a ,protestant ,minister--,arrival of ,another ,missionary and ,letters from ,home--,visitors from ,metia--,hold a ,sacrament ,meeting--,go to ,papara--,abused by the ,protestant ,minister--,preach to the ,people--,young ,woman ,miraculously ,healed at ,baptism--,great ,excitement--,rage of the ,protestant ,ministers--,persecution ,instituted--,arrested for ,preaching--,released on ,promising to ,return to ,huaua--,plenty of ,friends--,unintentional ,escape from ,gen d',armes--,arrival at ,papeete--,charge on which ,officers seek to ,arrest me--,abused by ,rev4 ,mr4 ,howe--,a ,quiet ,answer ,calls ,out ,cheers from the ,crowd--,tide ,turns in my ,favor--,excitement ,calms ,down1 and ,efforts to ,arrest ,me ,cease4 ,,chapter ,,xxv4 ,several ,baptisms--,visit ,papara ,again--,coldness of the ,people--,bitter ,efforts of the ,protestant ,ministers--,natives ,visit ,me ,in ,secret--,anti-,mormon ,mass ,meeting--,foolish and ,vicious scheme to ,ensnare the ,writer--,it is ,easily ,defeated--,return to ,papeete--,more ,baptisms--,departure of ,elder ,dunn--,i am left ,alone--,brethren come from ,tubuoi--,elders ,appointed to ,labor in ,different ,islands--,the writer ,assigned to the ,tuamotu ,group--,leave on the ,elders' ,schooner the ,ravai or ,fisher--,meet with ,contrary ,winds--,driven to ,various ,islands--,encounter a ,violent storm--,in ,great ,peril--,vessel ,beyond ,control--,storm calms ,down--,reach ,tubuoi--,first ,preaching of the ,gospel there1 in #ahdd4 ,,chapter ,,xxvi4 ,hearty ,welcome in ,tubuoi--,start for ,tuamotu--,reach ,papeete1 ,tahiti--,visit to ,huaua--,leave ,tahiti--,writer gets ,relief from ,seasickness--,broiled ,fish and ,cocoanuts--in a ,school of ,whales--,thrown onto a ,coral ,reef--,total ,wreck ,imminent--,three ,persons yet ,ashore--,boat goes out to ,sea--,wreck of ,elder ,dunn's ,party--,three ,days ,in the ,sea1 ,clinging to a ,capsized ,boat--,clothing ,torn off by ,sharks--,skin ,taken off by the ,sea and ,sun--,reach the ,island of ,anaa--,recognized by a ,man who had seen me in a ,dream--,preaching and ,baptizing--,many of the ,natives ,church ,members--,make a ,rude ,map of the ,california ,gold ,fields--,tell of ,having been in the ,mormon ,battalion--,catholic ,priests ,elicit this ,information as ,part of a ,scheme to have me ,expelled from the ,island4 ,,chapter ,,xxvii4 ,invited to ,organize ,schools--,catholic ,priests ,displeased at ,mormon ,success--,good ,attendance at the ,schools--,threats by the ,priests--,discomfiture of the ,latter--,feast and ,address of ,welcome by the ,natives to the ,writer--,preaching and ,baptisms--,catholic ,priests seize a ,schoolhouse ,belonging to the ,saints--,disturb a ,saints' ,meeting--,more ,baptisms--,further ,annoyance by ,catholics--,people ,decide ,against ,them--,town ,officials ,appealed to--,they ,uphold the ,decision in ,favor of the ,mormons--,priests ,write to ,governor ,bonard1 ,making ,false ,charges ,against me--,a ,peculiar ,dream4 ,,chapter ,,xxviii4 ,go to ,temaraia--,miraculous ,healings--,child ,assailed by an ,evil ,spirit--,strange ,occurrence--,gift of ,sea ,biscuits--,perform a ,surgical ,operation--,hammering out ,teeth--,the ,writer as a ,surgeon and ,dentist--,roughs ,disturbs ,meeting--,they are ,stricken with ,death--,fatal ,sickness among the ,people--,lower ,classes of ,natives at a ,feast--,their ,reverence for ,religious ,services and ,preachers--,two ,parties of ,natives in ,battle ,array--,fighting ,averted by the ,writer ,addressing the ,contending ,factions in ,favor of ,peace--,wars among the ,natives--,some of their ,practices--,gathering and ,keeping ,human ,heads--,causes of ,cannibalism--,conversation with one who had been a ,cannibal--,flavor of ,native and ,white ,men's ,flesh ,compared--,the ,tastiest ,part of the ,human ,body4 ,,chapter ,,xxix4 ,hold ,conference in ,putuhara--,instructions to the ,saints--,go to ,otapipi--,opposition at ,temaraia--,officials ,bribed by ,catholic ,priests--,arrival of a ,french ,warship--,the ,writer is ,arrested while ,expounding the ,scriptures to the ,natives--,cause of ,arrest is ,false ,accusation by ,catholic ,priests--,i ,plead ,not ,guilty--,ordered ,taken to ,tahiti--,painful ,prison ,experience--,cannibals in ,custody--,start for the ,ship--,sympathy of the ,natives--,hurried into the ,ship's ,boat--,in a ,school of ,whales--,a ,frightened ,boat ,load--,on ,board the ,warship--,uncomfortable ,quarters--,questionable ,french ,courtesy--,among ,cockroaches1 ,filth1 and ,inconveniences--,soft ,side of a ,plank for a ,bed4 ,,chapter ,,xxx4 ,voyage to ,papeete--,in a ,tahitian ,dungeon--,cruel ,treatment--,write to ,friends--,kindness of the ,american ,hotel ,keeper--,brought ,before the ,governor--,false ,charges ,read1 and ,plea of ,not ,guilty ,entered--,perjured ,testimony ,against ,me--,forbidden to ,look at1 or even ,cross-,examine ,witnesses--,secrecy of the ,alleged ,trial--,demand ,my ,rights as an ,american ,citizen--,confusion of the ,governor--,returned to ,my ,cell--,american ,consul takes up my ,case--,gives ,bonds that ,i will ,leave the ,protectorate--,elders and ,friends ,call on me--,my ,visitors ,allowed to ,say but ,little1 and ,sometimes ,excluded--,decision of the ,governor that ,i must ,leave the ,society ,islands--,fair ,trial ,refused me--,letter from the ,american ,consul--,taken to the ,consul's ,office--,advised to ,leave--,elders ,decide that ,i should go ,outside of the ,french ,protectorate--,set ,sail from ,papeete4 ,,chapter ,,xxxi4 ,leaving ,tahiti under the ,order of ,banishment--,supply of ,provisions ,exhausted--,caught in a ,calm--,suffering from ,lack of ,food--,reach ,tubuoi--,go ,ashore upon ,invitation of the ,queen--,sail for ,raivavai--,meet ,elder ,pratt ,there--,left ,alone on the ,island--,savage ,character of the ,natives--,the ,governor a ,friend--,visit from ,house to ,house--,people ,generally ,unwilling to ,receive the ,gospel--,council ,decides that ,i must ,leave the ,island or be ,killed--,a ,time of ,excitement--,storm ,passes for a while--,baptize ,twenty ,persons--,noted ,chief and the ,heiress to the ,throne ,join the ,church--,more ,bitterness and ,excitement--,two ,parties of ,natives ,meet to ,engage in ,battle--,manage to ,reconcile ,them and ,prevent ,bloodshed--,further ,threats ,against the ,mormons--,some ,church ,members feel to ,retaliate but are ,restrained--,passengers ,arrive with ,false and ,scandalous ,stories ,about the ,mormons--,persecution ,increases--,the ,few ,saints on the island ,become ,sorrowful and ,discouraged--,protestant ,ministers ,advise ,expulsion of the ,saints--,renewal of the ,faith and ,zeal of the ,church ,members4 ,,chapter ,,xxxii4 ,people ,gather at a ,feast1 and to ,decide what to do with the ,mormons--,threats to have ,roast ,missionary--,saints hold ,prayer and ,testimony ,meeting--,kept ,awake all ,night--,council of ,natives ,decides to ,roast and ,eat me--,fire is ,built--,men ,sent to ,drag me to the ,council--,promises of ,presidents ,brigham ,young and ,willard ,richards ,come to my ,mind--,all ,fear ,is ,banished--,saints and ,their ,enemies ,ordered to ,separate--,all but ,two ,mormons ,stand by me--,sublime ,courage of a ,native and ,his ,wife--,the ,charge ,against ,me--,i ,appeal to the ,bible1 but our ,enemies ,refuse to be ,guided by the ,law of ,god--,notified of the ,decision that ,i am to be ,burned--,spirit of the ,lord ,rests upon me in ,great ,power1 ,inspiring me to ,defy our ,enemies--,spirit of ,confusion ,enters our ,foes--,they ,quarrel and ,fight ,with ,each ,other--,difficulty ,in ,restraining ,church ,members--,deliverance which the ,lord ,wrought out for me--,i am ,allowed to proceed ,unmolested--,meet a ,member of the ,council which ,condemned me to ,death--,his ,testimony that a ,pillar of ,light ,descended from ,heaven and ,rested on me1 ,filling them with ,fear--,no more ,anti-,mormon ,councils--,natives show no ,disposition to ,receive the ,gospel4 ,,chapter ,,xxxiii4 ,long time without ,news from ,home--,letter from ,elder ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard--,released from my ,missionary ,labors in the ,islands--,little ,opportunity to ,leave ,raivavai--,natives ,build a ,schooner--,fast and ,pray to ,learn whether ,i should sail on the ,vessel--,the ,answer--,sail for ,rapia--,driven ,back to ,raivavai--,make a ,new ,start--,arrive at ,rapia--,ridiculous ,idea of the ,people ,concerning a ,mormon ,elder--,i am ,forbidden to go ,ashore1 on ,pain of ,death--,feeling is ,modified ,somewhat1 and ,i go ,ashore--,battle ,between the ,natives--,an ,old ,man ,gives me ,food--,attend a ,meeting1 get ,permission to ,speak a ,few ,words and am ,ordered from the ,island--,increase of ,sentiment of ,toleration--,invited to ,supper at the ,governor's--,strange ,custom of ,women ,waiting on ,men--,rather than ,follow it1 ,i ,submit to being ,called a ,heathen4 ,,chapter ,,xxxiv4 ,determine to ,preach to the ,people--,refused a ,house--,hold an ,open-,air ,meeting--,strange ,congregation--,six other ,meetings--,visit a ,native ,king--,he ,commands me to ,leave--,i do so ,in ,order to ,avoid ,being ,put to ,death--,watermelons and ,other ,vegetables--,native ,tradition of the ,peopling of the ,islands--,visit of a ,protestant ,minister--,sail for ,tahiti--,in a ,heavy ,storm--,prayers by ,frightened ,natives--,i am ,asked to ,pray with them1 but ,decline to ,follow their ,methods--,reach the ,harbor of ,papeete--,american ,consul ,obtains ,permission for me to ,land--,go to ,work with a ,carpenter--,warned not to be ,alone lest ,i should be ,killed--,watched by ,gen d',armes--,trouble at ,anaa1 and ,arrest of ,native ,mormons--,these are ,brought to ,papeete--,how they got ,letters to me1 and their ,replies--,my ,former ,persecutors of ,raivavai ,come to ,me for ,advice1 and ,i ,return ,good for ,evil4 ,,chapter ,,xxxv4 ,watched ,closely by ,gen d',armes--,experience when at ,prayer--,take ,dinner with the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,howe--,dining with a ,catholic ,bishop--,impatience of the ,governor--,leave ,tahiti on the ,abyssinia--,curiosity of ,passengers and ,sailors--,difficulty in ,getting out of the ,harbor--,hear of ,more ,trouble at ,anaa--,captain's comment on ,mormon ,books--,a ,waterspout--,crossing the ,equator--,encounter a ,terrible ,storm--,a ,tidal ,wave--,ship ,springs a ,leak--,panic on ,board--,all ,hands to the ,pumps--,stopping a ,leak--,fair ,weather ,again4 ,,chapter ,,xxxvi4 ,arrive at ,san ,francisco--,a ,wrecked ,ship--,the ,abyssinia ,condemned--,gathering ,wreckage--,drunken sailors--,my ,trunk ,held for ,hospital ,fees--,go ,ashore1 where all ,is ,changed and ,strange--,my ,dilapidated ,appearance--,seek ,guidance of the ,lord--,wander ,almost in ,despair--,meet an ,old ,friend--,find a ,home--,my ,trunk ,released--,meet ,elders ,going on ,missions--,well ,treated by ,saints and ,strangers--,providences of the ,lord--,outward ,bound ,elders ,entrusted ,money to me for their ,families--,engage to ,carry ,mail to ,los ,angeles--,on a ,steamer for ,san ,pedro--,taken ,severely ,ill4 ,,chapter ,,xxxvii4 ,become ,desperately ,ill--,nursed ,back to ,consciousness--,kindness of an ,aged ,spanish ,couple--,belt with ,money ,entrusted to me ,disappears--,intense ,anxiety--,discover the ,money--,great ,suffering--,land at ,san ,pedro--,left on the ,beach--,drag ,myself to the ,shelter of an ,old ,wall--,kindness of a ,spaniard and ,his ,wife--,a ,terrible ,night--,seek a ,passage to ,los ,angeles with ,freighters--,refusals--,meet a ,kind ,teamster--,reach ,los ,angeles--,dumped on the ,street--,find ,shelter1 but a ,chilly ,welcome--,start ,next ,morning1 ,sick and ,hungry1 to ,find a ,new ,place--,so ,ill ,i have to ,lie ,down in the ,street--,two ,friends from ,san ,bernardino--,am ,told that ,i have the ,smallpox--,my ,friends ,give me ,money and start in ,search of a ,house where ,i can be ,cared for--,failing to ,secure a ,room1 they ,engage the ,city ,marshal to get a ,place1 and they ,leave for ,san ,bernardino--,i wander for ,shelter1 but ,doors are ,closed1 and ,people ,avoid me--,lodge in a ,doctor's ,office while the ,doctor is out--,scare the ,people by ,shouting ,smallpox6--,the ,doctor ,returns but ,leaves me in ,possession4 ,,chapter ,,xxxviii4 ,city ,marshal and ,doctor ,come to ,remove me--,taken to a ,deserted ,house1 which had been ,used as a ,sheepfold--,bedded ,in ,sheep ,manure--,an ,indian ,nurse who ,becomes ,frightened--,spanish ,nurse ,sent to me--,in a boat with ,patient ,job--,my ,fever ,increases--,attacked by ,robbers--,relieved by ,city ,marshal with ,posse--,marshal takes the ,money ,i have in my care1 for ,safe ,keeping--,spanish ,nurse ,scared off--,queer ,sailor ,nurse--,he ,drinks ,whisky1 ,sings and ,dances--,his ,thoughtful ,care of me--,visited by my ,cousin--,kindness of ,san ,bernardino ,saints--,recovering from my ,illness--,my ,clothing ,burned--,heavy ,expense ,bill ,against me--,tell the ,city ,marshal of my ,arrival in ,california as a ,united ,states ,soldier in the ,mexican ,war--,kindness of the ,marshal--,los ,angeles ,assumes the ,bill for ,medical ,attention ,given me--,start for ,san ,bernardino--,exhausted on the ,journey--,almost ,die of ,thirst--,relieved by a ,party of ,spanish ,ladies--,kindness of ,spanish ,families--,arrive at ,san ,bernardino and ,meet ,friends and ,relatives ,,chapter ,,xxxix4 ,report my ,mission--,prepare to ,continue the ,journey to ,utah--,have to ,remain at ,san ,bernardino for a ,time--,sickness among the ,people--,instances of ,healing by ,administration--,engage to ,travel with a ,pack ,train to ,salt ,lake ,city--,get a ,bucking ,mule--,start on the ,journey--,in a ,hostile ,indian ,country--,signs of ,danger--,prepare for ,trouble--,sudden ,appearance of an ,indian--,our ,party ,want to ,shoot--,i ,protest1 and make ,friends with the ,indian--,other ,red ,men ,appear--,difficulty of ,restraining our ,party--,i converse with the ,indians1 who tell of a ,camp of ,mormons and ,mexicans a short ,distance ,ahead--,how ,i ,understood the ,indians--,discover the ,camp ,spoken of--,rest a ,day--,move ,toward the ,santa ,clara--,danger ,ahead--,a ,fire ,across our ,path--,we ,dash ,through ,it--,hostile ,indians--,an ,exciting chase--,meet ,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,c4 ,c4 ,rich--,arrive at ,cedar ,city--,stop at ,parowan--,journey ,north1 ,preaching en ,route--,reach ,salt ,lake ,city--,settle with the ,people for whom ,i have ,money--,report to ,president ,young--,preach ,in the ,tabernacle--,released from my ,mission--,cost of my ,mission to the ,society ,islands4 ,,chapter ,,xl4 ,travel on ,foot to ,ogden--,well ,received by ,relatives and ,friends--,reply to ,inquiries by the ,people ,regarding the ,society ,islands and the ,inhabitants ,thereof--,called to go to ,fort ,hall ,order ,countermanded--,called on a ,mission to the ,indians--,design of the ,mission--,organization of the ,company1 and ,start from ,salt ,lake ,city--,hard ,work of the ,journey--,attacked by ,wolves--,fatal ,duel at ,fort ,bridger--,plans of ,desperadoes--,we go to ,smith's ,fork--,build a ,blockhouse--,arrival of ,more ,men and ,supplies--,threatening ,attitude of the ,indians--,writer made ,sergeant of the ,guard and ,quartermaster--,instructions from ,elder ,orson ,hyde--,life in our new ,camp--,cold ,weather and ,wild ,beasts--,learning the ,indian ,language--,give ,shelter to ,indians--,desperado ,chief ,killed by one of his ,men--,animals ,perish from ,cold and ,starvation--,terrific ,storms and ,snowdrifts--,saving our ,stock--,shoshone ,indians ,ask for and ,receive ,assistance--,hunt tor ,antelope ,falls--,a ,bachelor's ,dance--,raising a ,liberty ,pole--,partitioning out ,lands--,plowing and ,planting--,arrival of and ,instructions by ,elder ,orson ,hyde--,selections for a ,special ,mission to the ,indians--,organization of ,green ,river ,county4 ,,chapter ,,xli4 ,set ,apart by ,elder ,hyde for our ,special ,mission--,blessing ,conferred on the ,writer--,discontent ,in ,camp--,unity ,again ,prevails--,start on our ,journey--,warned at ,green ,river to go no ,farther--,not ,deterred from ,performing our ,mission--,proceed on our ,journey--,futile ,chase after ,buffalo--,scarcity of ,water--,a ,welcome ,snow ,storm--,reach the ,camp of ,washakie1 the ,shoshone ,chief--,received with ,caution--,tell the ,chief the ,object of our ,visit--,give him ,bread and ,sugar--,boiled ,buffalo for an ,epicure ,indian ,powwow ,called--,proceedings at the ,council--,objection to one of our ,propositions1 which we were not ,annoyed at--,recital of how ,government ,agents ,sought to ,supplant ,washakie as ,chief--,washakie a ,great ,orator4 ,,chapter ,,xlii4 ,leave ,washakie's ,camp for the ,other ,portion of the ,shoshone ,tribe--,indian ,guide ,leaves us--,following a ,trail--,sight the ,other ,camp--,war ,songs and ,dances--,indians ,preparing for ,war--,chief ,gives up his ,lodge to us1 ,warning us of ,men in his ,camp he ,cannot ,control --,indian ,braves in ,war ,paint--,surrounded by ,fifteen ,hundred or ,two ,thousand ,indians--,learn that ,l4 ,b4 ,ryan1 a ,white ,desperado ,chief1 is in ,camp1 and has sworn ,vengeance on ,mormons ,escape seems ,impossible1 but we ,trust in ,god--,retire for the ,night--,ryan and ,seven ,warriors at our ,lodge--,ryan ,enters and ,demands to know where we are from1 and our ,business--,he is ,told1 ,threatens us1 and ,summons his ,indian ,braves ,inside our ,lodge--,though the ,enemy are two to one1 we are ,ready for them--,prepare for a ,fight to the ,death--,ryan and his ,men ,leave the ,lodge1 ,war ,dance ,outside--,we ,conclude to ,sell our ,lives as ,dearly as ,possible--,war ,party ,approach the ,lodge and ,slit it ,in a ,number of ,places1 then suddenly ,depart--,our ,lives being ,spared1 we ,remain in ,camp till ,next ,day--,the chief ,befriends us1 ,warning us not to ,return the way we ,came--,dispute as to the ,route of ,travel1 and how it is ,settled--,satisfied that ,ryan intended to ,ambush us--,rainstorm ,obliterates our ,tracks--,camp in the ,rain--,on the ,alert for an ,enemy--,shoot a ,buffalo--,ward and ,davis give chase1 while ,bullock and ,i continue on our ,route--,camp at a ash--,bullock ,taken very ,ill--,a ,terrible ,night--,ward and ,davis not ,returning by ,morning1 we ,move on--,fear that ,bullock will ,die--,discover our ,comrades in the ,canyon--,being ,hungry1 we ,overeat--,another ,night of ,sickness--,emerge from the ,canyon--,press ,forward to ,green ,river--,welcomed by ,friends--,three of our ,party go on to ,fort ,supply1 and ,i ,remain to meet ,chief ,washakie4 ,,chapter ,,xliii4 ,engaged as interpreter--,class of ,people at ,green ,river--,appointed ,deputy ,sheriff--,drover ,threatens to ,kill ,boatmen ,arrest ,ordered--,ride into the ,outlaws' ,camp--,bluffing the ,captain--,a ,perilous ,situation --,parley with ,drovers--,compromise ,effected--,dealing with ,law-breakers--,bill ,hickman as ,sheriff ,swimming ,cattle ,over ,green ,river--,a ,drover's ,failure--,writer ,employed to get ,cattle ,over--,how it is done ,secret of ,success--,arrival of ,washakie--,the ,ferryman ,offends him--,the ,angry ,indian ,swears ,vengeance on the ,white ,man--,his ,parting ,threat--,in ,peril of an ,indian ,massacre4 ,,chapter ,,xliv4 ,consternation at ,washakie's ,declaration--,people ,hurry across the ,river--,the ,writer is ,asked to ,attempt a ,reconciliation--,night too ,dark to ,travel--,chief ,washakie and ,braves ,appear at ,sunrise--,the ,chief notes that the ,people are ,terror-,stricken1 and ,decides that he will be their ,friend--,troublous ,exploits of ,mountain ,men--,sheriff's plan of ,arrest--,how the ,scheme ,worked--,desperadoes ,freed by the ,court--,chasing an ,offender--,surrounded by his ,associates--,coolness and ,pluck of the ,sheriff ,win--,ready to ,return ,home--,a ,trying ,experience4 ,,chapter ,,xlv4 ,go to ,fort ,supply--,start back to ,green ,river and meet ,o4,p4 ,rockwell at ,fort ,bridger--,he brings me a ,trader's ,license1 also ,goods to ,trade to the ,indians--,being ,late in the ,season1 ,we ,store the ,goods1 and go to ,salt ,lake ,city--,receive the ,approval of ,governor ,young--,move to ,ogden--,accompany ,governor ,young as ,interpreter--,my ,horse ,stolen--,called on a ,mission to the ,shoshones--,on going to ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,i am ,released--,ordered to take part ,in ,disarming ,indians at ,ogden--,a ,difficult ,job--,chase to ,mound ,fort--,hand-to-hand ,struggle with a ,powerful ,savage--,indians ,disarmed1 but ,sullen--,chief's ,brother ,offers all his ,possessions for his ,gun--,precautions ,taken to ,feed the ,indians that ,winter--,teach the ,indian ,language in ,school--,prosper ,in ,business4 ,,chapter ,,xlvi4 ,another ,mission to the ,indians--,start for the ,shoshone ,camp--,difficulties of ,travel--,near the ,crows and ,blackfeet--,a ,dream gives ,warning of ,danger--,discover a ,large ,body of ,indians--,no ,opportunity of ,escape--,ride into the ,camp of a ,hunting and ,war ,party--,meet chief ,washakie--,a ,day's ,march--,situation ,critical--,hold a ,council--,present the ,book of ,mormon--,all but ,washakie ,speak ,against us and the ,book--,awaiting the ,chief's ,decision4 ,,chapter ,,xlvii4 ,washakie's ,bold ,attitude--,tells his ,councilors they are ,fools--,says the ,white ,men1 who are ,wise1 have ,books--,tells the ,tradition of how the ,indians fell into ,darkness--,great ,spirit ,angry at the ,red ,man--,advocates that the ,indians live like ,white ,people--,his ,powerful ,speech ,gains the ,day for us--,shoshone ,tradition--,we ,start ,home--,a ,hungry ,trip--,return to the ,indians1 ,finding them ,sullen--,fourth of ,july ,celebration at ,fort ,supply--,return ,home4 ,,chapter ,,xlviii4 ,affairs at ,home--,start for ,fort ,supply--,illness of myself and ,family--,gift of ,healing--,trouble with ,indians at ,fort ,supply--,turbulent ,red ,men--,i ,help one off my ,bed--,they ,persist ,in ,taking or ,destroying our ,property--,we ,stop them--,one ,attempts to ,kill me--,indians ,retire from the ,fort--,almost a ,conflict--,i check the ,white ,men from ,shooting--,indians ,withdraw--,we send to ,governor ,young for ,assistance--,our ,stock and ,guards ,driven in--,indian ,agent ,appears with ,annuities--,the ,savages ,submit--,we ,guard ,day and ,night--,indians more ,peaceful--,reinforcements ,arrive from the ,governor--,matters ,quiet ,down4 ,,chapter ,,xlix4 ,start ,home from ,fort ,supply--,camp alone at ,needle ,rook--,awakened by my ,horse--,surrounded by ,wolves--,flash ,powder all ,night to keep off the ,wild ,beasts--,reach ,home--,supplies ,short--,hardships of a ,grasshopper ,year--,getting my cattle out of a ,canyon--,perils of being ,caught in the ,snow--,great ,suffering--,breaking a ,snow ,road--,business ,affairs4 ,,chapter ,l4 ,called on a ,mission to ,deep ,creek ,indians--,short ,time for the ,journey--,prepare for the ,trip--,journey in the ,desert--,horses ,stolen--,travel on ,foot--,saved from ,perishing with ,thirst--,meet the ,indians--,could ,understand and ,speak to them--,indian ,agent's ,offer--,i act as interpreter--,preach to the ,indians--,on the ,return ,trip--,visit ,governor ,young with a ,delegation of ,bannock ,indians4 ,,chapter ,,li4 ,utah ,militia ,organized--,elected ,captain of a ,company--,hear of ,johnston's ,army--,scouting ,party sent out--,i am ,chosen as ,guide--,travel to the ,bear ,lake ,country--,cold ,nights and ,little ,food--,complaint in the ,party--,prove that ,i am ,right--,reach ,lost ,creek--,some of the ,men ,object to ,double ,guard--,a ,discovery that ,removes all ,objections--,strike the ,trail of ,horsemen--,prepare for ,action--,take a ,camp by ,surprise--,the ,men are ,friends--,arrive at ,ogden--,called to go on an ,important ,errand--,tussle with an ,indian--,fail in ,getting ,desired ,information1 and ,return to ,ogden4 ,chapter ,,lii4 ,off on ,another ,scout--,again on ,bear ,river--,dream of ,seeing ,troops--,dream ,fulfilled--,send ,word back of ,discovery--,five ,hundred ,cavalrymen--,heavy ,storm--,my only ,remaining ,companion taken ,ill--,he is ,healed and ,i am ,stricken ,down--,camp in the ,snow--,my companion1 ,expecting me to die1 ,prepares to take my ,body ,home--,he ,returns1 ,prays for me and ,i am ,healed--,stricken ,down ,again--,i ,direct him to ,leave me and ,return ,home--,he obeys ,reluctantly--,i ,expect to die--,peculiar ,experiences--,four ,young ,men1 sent by my ,comrade1 come to my ,relief-- ,journey on--,lighting fire in a ,storm--,the ,young ,men ,pray for me1 and ,i am ,relieved--,traveling ,homeward--,kind ,treatment--,reach ,ogden--,act as ,sexton--,guard over ,spies--,utah ,militia ,recalled--,missionary ,labors in ,weber ,county4 ,,chapter ,,liii4 ,mormons ,abandon their ,homes and ,move ,south--,prepare for the ,worst--,go to ,payson--,affairs ,being ,settled1 ,return to ,ogden---,called to go ,east as a ,missionary--,journey across the plains--,meet my ,parents ,in ,iowa--,preaching and ,traveling--,my ,father's ,testimony--,missionary ,labors--,called to ,missouri--,sent to bring a ,herd of ,cattle--,return to my ,parents' ,home--,bid ,farewell to ,them--,purchasing ,cattle4 ,,chapter ,,liv4 ,given ,charge of a ,company to ,cross the ,plains to ,utah--,composition of the ,camp--,start ,west--,perform ,baptisms--,meet a ,war ,party of ,sioux ,indians--,place where ,a4 ,w4 ,babbitt was ,killed--,meet ,more ,indians--,how ,trouble was ,avoided--,camp ,life and ,duties--,enter ,salt ,lake ,valley--,company ,greeted by the ,church ,authorities--,report to ,president ,young and am ,released--,trade at ,camp ,floyd--,experience with a ,thief--,go to ,work on the ,ogden ,canyon ,road--,hardships ,endured4 ,,chapter ,,lv4 ,called on a ,mission to ,great ,britain--,prepare to ,depart--,start ,without ,purse or ,scrip--,journey to ,salt ,lake ,city--,set ,apart for the ,mission --,begin the ,journey ,eastward--,organization of the ,company--,my ,post as ,chaplain--,overtaken by ,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,c4 ,c4 ,rich--,traveling ,through the ,mountains--,snowstorms and ,wind--,forage is ,scarce--,meetings with the ,indians--,captain ,reynolds' ,exploring ,party--,army ,deserters in our ,camp--,mail from ,home--,emigrants ,westward ,bound--,dissatisfaction ,in ,camp--,feeling about ,apostles ,lyman and ,rich--,i ,resign as ,captain1 but am ,elected again1 and ,finally ,resume ,command--,mail ,robbery--,more ,disagreeable ,storms--,meet a ,handcart ,company and ,apostle ,george ,q4 ,cannon--,reach the ,missouri ,river--,visit my ,father and his ,family--,go to ,st4 ,joseph1 ,missouri--,my first ,view of a ,railway ,train--,at my old ,home in ,brown ,county1 ,illinois--,journey ,eastward by ,rail--,arrive in ,new ,york for the ,first ,time--,find ,friends4 ,,chapter ,,lvi4 ,visit ,various ,places of ,interest in ,new ,york and ,vicinity--,arrival of the ,great ,eastern--,preach at ,williamsburg--,new ,york's ,celebration of the ,fourth--,my ,thirty-second ,birthday--,secure ,passports and ,ocean ,passage--,crowded in the ,steerage--,foggy and wet ,weather--,view of the ,irish ,coast--,fleet of ,british ,warships--,land in ,liverpool--,assigned to ,birmingham ,conference--,in ,birmingham--,listen to an ,anti-,mormon ,lecture--,visiting from ,house to ,house as a ,mormon ,missionary--,places of ,interest--,transferred to ,nottingham ,conference--,preaching and ,visiting--,mission ,travels--,go to ,london--,see ,notable ,places--,news of my ,daughter's ,death--,birth of ,another ,daughter--,return to ,nottingham4 ,,chapter ,,lvii4 ,again at ,missionary ,labors--,baptisms--,become ,quite ,ill--,appointed ,president of the ,nottingham ,district1 ,embracing three ,conferences--,visited by ,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman1 ,c4 ,c4 ,rich and ,others--,settling ,differences among ,church ,members--,attend a ,phrenological ,lecture--,get a ,chart--,go to ,liverpool--,in ,conference at ,nottingham--,my ,pastorate ,enlarged--,witness a ,military ,review--,more ,baptisms--,visit ,sheffield--,fixing my ,name--,poverty in ,nottingham--,invited to take a ,trip to ,paris--,go to ,london--,have to give up the ,visit to ,france--,in ,poor ,health--,return to ,nottingham--,see ,professor ,blondin4 ,,chapter ,,lviii4 ,prolonged ,illness--,attend to my ,duties with ,difficulty--,letter ,telling of the ,battle of ,bulls ,run--,witness an ,execution by ,hanging--,visit from ,george ,q4 ,cannon1 ,joseph ,f4 ,smith and ,others--,death of the ,prince ,consort--,go to ,birmingham--,conference of the ,priesthood ,in the ,british ,mission--,large ,meeting ,in ,odd ,fellows' ,hall1 ,birmingham--,again at ,nottingham--,visit ,liverpool--,consult a ,physician1 but get little ,relief--,see the ,liverpool ,grand ,national ,races--,depravity ,among ,poorer ,classes in ,liverpool--,again at ,nottingham--,released to ,return ,home--,bid the ,people ,farewell--,display of their ,affection for me--,report of my ,labors ,published in the ,millennial ,star--,on ,board ,ship--,placed in ,charge of the ,company--,sail for ,america--,driven by ,headwinds along the ,coasts of the ,isle of ,man1 ,wales1 ,ireland and ,scotland--,severe ,seasickness--,get to ,sea--,slow ,voyage--,deaths and ,burials at sea--,land at ,new ,york--,guest of ,hon4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hooper--,journey to ,florence1 ,nebraska--,captain and ,guide of ,independent ,company--,reach ,salt hake ,city--,report to ,president ,young--,again at ,home4 ,,chapter ,,lix4 ,remove from ,ogden to ,salt ,lake ,city at the ,request of ,president ,young--,necessity for ,preaching among the ,saints--,in the ,employ of ,president ,young--,on ,another ,mission1 this time in ,utah---,preaching and ,lecturing--,build a ,house--,go to the ,canyon to get ,finishing ,lumber--,shot in ,mistake for a ,bear--,my ,wound very ,serious--,taken to ,wanship to ,receive ,care--,my ,family ,notified and ,surgical ,assistance ,obtained--,moved to my ,home--,in ,bed ,nine ,months--,two ,surgical ,operations--,grow ,stronger--,employed at the ,warm ,springs--,dr4 ,robinson--,abscesses in my ,wounded ,limb--,out of ,employment--,go to the ,california line to ,examine a ,gold ,prospect--,perilous ,journey--,indians on the ,warpath--,remarkable experience with a ,band of ,savages--,gift of ,speaking their ,language--,unable to work the ,gold ,claim ,because of ,lack of ,water--,return to ,salt ,lake ,city--,go to the ,gold ,discoveries on the ,sweetwater--,discover a ,placer claim--,an ,attempt to ,rob me of ,it--,bush for a ,mine--,hold the ,claim--,assailed by ,hostile ,indians--,a ,race for ,life--,three ,men ,killed--,we ,abandon ,camp--,suffer with my ,lame ,limb--,lose the ,mining ,claim--,hauling ,coal and ,produce--,almost ,die--,confined to ,bed for ,months--,amputation of my limb to save my ,life--,recovery--,attend to my ,nursery--,advent of the ,railway--,traveling and ,preaching--,a ,slight ,sunstroke4 ,,chapter ,,lx4 ,called on a ,mission to the ,united ,states--,journey ,eastward--,visit ,relatives en ,route--,reach ,new ,york--,measured for an ,artificial ,limb--,how ,it was ,paid for--,visit and ,preach--,meet ,poor ,encouragement--,go to ,boston--,world's ,peace ,jubilee--,bunker ,hill--,again at ,new ,york--,released to ,return ,home--,back in ,utah--,traveling and ,preaching--,sent for by ,president ,young--,called on a ,mission to ,arizona--,directed to ,furnish ,names of ,others--,send the ,list--,president ,young adds other ,names--,set ,apart for our ,mission--,difficult to ,collect ,money due me--,leave my ,family ,poorly ,provided for but ,trusting ,in the ,lord--,placed ,in ,charge of the ,mission--,letter of ,instructions--,start ,south--,people ,contribute ,liberally--,traveling in ,storm--,arrive at ,kanab--,in ,arizona--,a ,hard ,journey--,marriage of my ,daughter--,reach ,lee's ,ferry on the ,colorado--,crossing the ,river--,reach ,moencoppy ,wash--,decide to ,winter ,there--,explore the ,vicinity--,meet ,friendly ,indians--,building a ,house--,exploring the ,little ,colorado--,a ,difficult ,trip--,description of the ,route--,find a ,place for ,another ,settlement--,san ,francisco ,mountains--,fine ,forest ,growth--,caught in ,deep ,snow--,through with a ,perilous ,journey--,decide to ,return to ,salt ,lake ,city and ,report--,heavy ,snow--,trip ,homeward--,cordially ,greeted by ,president ,young--,with my ,family4 ,,chapter ,,lxi4 ,attend ,meetings with the ,first ,presidency and ,apostles--,more ,missionaries called to ,arizona--,many ,inquiries ,regarding the ,mission--,outline the ,route--,preparations for ,travel--,start ,south--,aided by ,contributions--,reach ,moencoppy--,meet ,lot ,smith and ,company--,baptisms--,start for the ,little ,colorado ,river--,guide ,missionary ,companies to the ,place we had ,selected for ,settlement--,lot ,smith ,refuses to ,acknowledge my ,appointment from ,president ,young as ,president of the ,mission--,he ,assumes ,leadership of the new ,settlement--,i ,return with my ,party to ,moencoppy--,other ,companies of ,missionary ,settlers sustain my ,presidency--,my ,health is ,poor--,settlers ,discouraged--,cheer them up--,work of ,frontier ,life--,succor a ,company whose ,water ,supply is ,exhausted--,taking up ,land--,make a ,long ,exploring ,trip--,introduce ,book of ,mormon to ,navajos--,return to ,moencoppy--,indians ,dissatisfied--,go to ,salt ,lake ,city with a ,delegation of ,navajo ,chiefs--,their ,supposed ,grievances ,settled--,tell ,president ,young ,i have come ,home to ,stay--,he ,sends me out ,again--,directed to ,procure ,volunteers--,letter of ,instructions--,lecture1 and take up ,contributions--,return ,home--,my ,family ,ill--,provide ,supplies for ,them--,conditions ,improve4 ,,chapter ,,lxii4 ,again in ,arizona--,settling ,difficulties ,among the ,people--,our ,reservoir ,bursts--,news of ,notable ,events--,prepare to ,repel an ,indian ,raid--,indians ,quarrel1 and the ,trouble ,passes ,over--,funeral at ,moencoppy--,exploring ,trip to the ,southeast--,a ,white ,indian ,child--,meet the ,head ,chief of the ,navajos--,his ,address1 and ,proposition to ,accompany me to ,salt ,lake ,city--,agree on a ,date for the ,journey--,continue my ,trip ,over into ,new ,mexico1 then ,return to ,moencoppy--,accusation ,against me ,disproved--,indians ,gather to go to ,salt ,lake ,city--,make the ,trip--,at ,president ,young's ,deathbed--,visit the ,indians--,honorable ,release from my ,mission--,resume ,home ,missionary ,labors--,in ,prison for ,conscience ,sake4 ,,chapter ,,lxiii4 ,visited by ,president ,joseph ,f4 ,smith--,called on ,another ,mission to the ,society ,islands--,prepare ,to ,respond--,a ,blessing by ,apostle ,lorenzo ,snow--,appointed to ,preside over the ,society ,islands ,mission--,attempts to ,discourage me from ,undertaking the ,journey--,surprise ,party by my ,children--,farewell ,reception ,in the ,ward ,hall--,start on my ,mission1 ,accompanied by my ,son and ,others who had been ,called--,voyage to ,tahiti--,madman on ,board the ,vessel--,at ,marquesas ,islands ,strange ,characters--,tattooed ,white ,man--,his ,peculiar ,career--,catching ,sharks --,arrive at ,papeete--,my ,reception ,there--,meet ,native ,josephite ,preachers1 who seem ,confused--,elders from ,utah ,greet us--in ,poor ,health4 ,,chapter ,,lxiv4 ,first ,sabbath in ,tahiti--,meet ,several ,persons whom ,i ,knew over ,forty ,years ,before--,how they ,remembered me--,seek ,permission to hold ,public ,meetings--,widow of my ,old ,friend1 ,john ,layton1 ,calls on me ,other ,friends--,preach to the ,josephites--,governor ,refuses to ,permit us to ,hold ,public ,meetings--,get ,advice of the ,united states ,consul--,a ,lawyer's ,counsel--,josephites tell of ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard--,i ,explain how he had ,turned into the wrong ,path--,the ,church ,never ,disorganized--,missionary ,labors--,greeting a ,french ,admiral--,early ,missionaries to ,tahiti--,their ,severe ,experiences--,sixty-fourth ,anniversary of my ,birth--,learn of ,mormons who were ,hanged for ,having ,killed a ,policeman in the ,trouble when ,i was ,arrested on my ,first ,mission to the ,islands--,meet a ,native of ,pitcairn's ,island--,his ,story--,visit ,tautila--,severe ,voyage--,a ,baptism--,sail for ,tubuoi--,among ,strangers ,celebration of a ,french ,fete ,day--,dine with the ,governor--,people ,become less ,unfriendly to us--,breaking of the ,clouds--,baptize ,twenty-four ,persons--,encouraging ,results of ,missionary ,efforts4 ,,chapter ,,lxv4 ,miraculous ,healing--,meet and ,confound the ,josephites--,further ,missionary ,success--,meet a ,native who was ,present when ,i was ,sentenced to be ,burned--,elder ,john ,layton's ,grave--,arrange to ,return to ,tahiti--,disappointed--,preach a ,funeral ,sermon--,forbidden to ,hold ,public ,meetings--,blind ,woman one ,hundred and ,twenty ,years ,old ,her ,testimony--,administer to her for her ,eyesight1 and she ,is ,enabled to see a ,little--,she ,praises the ,lord--,preaching and ,baptizing--,sail for ,papeete--,an odd ,cargo--,hard ,voyage--,held by a ,calm--,land on ,tahiti--,sail for ,avaroa--,on a ,well-ordered ,schooner--,call at ,various ,islands--,lance a ,carbuncle--,christmas ,day at ,sea--,watermelons--,a ,beautiful ,residence and ,cordial ,welcome--,perform ,three ,marriage ,ceremonies--,conference of ,saints in the ,tuamotu ,islands--,meet a ,native ,chilean--,visit ,various ,places--,public ,welcome--,fishing--,on the ,island of ,anaa--,visit ,where ,i was ,imprisoned--,graves of those ,concerned ,in the ,trouble ,then--,warrant ,served on me--,summoned to the ,government ,house--,warned ,against ,creating a ,disturbance4 ,,chapter ,,lxvi4 ,preaching and ,visiting--,pearl ,fishing--,place of my ,arrest in #ahea--;,accident to a ,young ,man--,incident with the ,governor of ,anaa--,see a ,leper--,capture of an ,eel--,conference on ,anaa--,time of ,dedication of ,salt ,lake ,temple--,specially ,interesting ,meetings--,new ,elders from ,utah--,start back to ,tahiti--,another ,funeral ,sermon--,meet the ,french ,governor of the ,tuamotu ,islands--,his ,cordial ,greeting--,arrive at ,papeete--,appointments for the ,new ,missionaries--,fall to get a ,passage to ,tubuoi--,my ,health ,very ,poor--,learn of the ,dedication of the ,salt ,lake ,temple--,elders ,unanimous in the ,decision that ,i should ,return ,home ,because of my ,illness--,i ,demur--,conclude to go--,trouble on ,anaa--,my ,sixty-fifth birthday--,notable ,kindness of a ,native child--,sail from ,papeete--,difficulty ,in ,landing from ,small ,boats--,in the ,society ,islands--,reach ,san ,francisco--,arrive in ,salt ,lake ,city--,report the ,successful ,opening of the ,society ,islands ,mission4 ,,chapter ,,lxvii4 ,invited ,to the ,midwinter ,fair1 ,san ,francisco1 and ,accept--,journey to ,california--,kind ,treatment ,received--,an ,honored ,guest--,write a ,pamphlet on the ,discovery of ,gold at ,sutter's ,mill ,race--,first ,accurate ,account ,published--,again at ,home--,preparing my ,autobiography for ,publication--,a ,great ,task--,progress of the ,work--,my ,history of the ,first ,mission to the ,pacific ,islands--,utah's ,semi-,centennial ,jubilee--,not a ,utah ,pioneer of #ahdg--,pioneer ,just the ,same--,mormon ,battalion ,recognized in the ,utah ,celebration--,invited to join ,in the ,parade--,comparative ,narrowness of ,committee's ,courtesy--,letters from ,california ,regarding the ,pioneer ,celebration there in #ahih--;,invited with three ,others of the ,mormon ,battalion1 to be ,special ,guests as the ,survivors of the ,party that ,discovered ,gold ,in ,california in #ahdh--;,appreciation of the ,courtesy ,extended by ,californians4 ,,chapter ,,lxviii4 ,trip to ,california--,met by the ,committee on ,reception of the ,society of ,california ,pioneers--,received with ,great ,cordiality--,honored ,guests at ,california's ,golden ,jubilee--,the ,celebration--,courtesies ,extended to ,mormon ,battalion ,members ,present at the ,discovery of ,gold--,return ,home--,resolutions by ,society of ,california ,pioneers--,report of ,reception committee of ,california ,golden ,jubilee--,sketch of ,marshall's ,surviving ,companions--,complete my ,autobiography--,my ,son ,homer ,accidentally ,killed--,the ,old ,folks--,publication of ,life of a ,pioneer--,conclusion4 ,,illustrations4 ,portrait of ,james ,s4 ,brown ,fire ,prepared to ,roast the ,missionary--,sentenced to ,death ,a ,typical ,tahitian with his ,burden of ,bread ,fruit and ,feii ,a ,war ,party of ,shoshones ,dancing around their ,prisoners while in the ,chief's ,lodge ,surrounded by a ,pack of ,hungry ,wolves ,chased ,by a ,war ,party ,marquesas ,fire ,dancers ,,life ,,of ,a ,,pioneer ,,being ,,the ,,autobiography ,,of ,,james ,s4 ,,brown4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,home ,,of ,,the ,,author--,a ,,career ,,of ,,thrilling ,,experiences--,,his ,,birth ,,and ,,parentage--,,early ,,avocations--,,migration ,,prom ,,north ,,carolina ,,to ,,illinois--,,life ,,on ,,the ,,frontier--,,dangers ,,to ,,early ,,settlers--,a ,,frontiersman--,,father',s ,,advice--,,more ,,settlers ,,come--,,churches ,,and ,,schools--,,limited ,,opportunities--,,frozen ,,feet--,,unimpressionable ,,to ,,the ,,preaching ,,of ,,the ,,time--,,talk ,,of ,a ,,new ,,religion1 ,,prophets1 ,,miracles1 ,,etc4--,,persecution ,,of ,,the ,,new ,,church--,,showers ,,of ,,stars--,,popular ,,adverse ,,views ,,of ,,the ,,mormons--,,the ,,mormons ,,driven ,,from ,,missouri ,,into ,,illinois--,,mormon ,,elder ,,comes ,,to ,,preach--,,converts ,,uncle ,,james ,,brown--,,preaches ,,again--,,preparations ,,to ,,mob ,,the ,,elder--,,his ,,scriptural ,,doctrine ,,disconcerts ,,enemies ,,and ,,secures ,,him ,,friends--,,his ,,discourse--,,effect ,,on ,,young ,,james ,s4 ,,brown ,,of ,,this ,,first ,,gospel ,,sermon ,,to ,,him--,,his ,,testimony ,,to ,,the ,,spirit ,,and ,,truth ,,of ,,the ,,elder',s ,,message4 ,,the subject and author of this ,life-,sketch of a ,pioneer is ,james ,stephens ,brown1 now 7#aijj7 in his seventy-second year1 a resident of ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah1 his home less than a quarter of a mile from and within the summer morning's shadow of the majestic ,temple of the ,lord erected on that spot which he beheld a barren and desolate wilderness1 on his entrance into the valley of the ,great ,salt ,lake1 over half a century ago4 ,his life has been one of thrilling experiences--more than ordinarily falls to the lot even of a pioneer settler in the ,great ,west--a life in which hardship and perils by sea and land1 among dusky savages and with white men1 have contributed largely to the events of his career2 withal one in which he has had abundant occasion to recognize and acknowledge the power and protecting care of an ,almighty ,providence4 ,it is at the urgent request and advice of valued friends1 familiar to a considerable extent with my life and labors1 that ,i place this autobiography in form to be easily accessible to those desirous of perusing it2 and ,i am not unmindful of the fact that this simple recital of events is not only of intense interest in numerous episodes which it records1 but is of historic value in being a plain and truthful narrative of the personal experiences of a western pioneer4 ,i was born on ,independence ,day1 ,july #d1 #ahbh1 in ,davidson ,county1 ,north ,carolina1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,my father was ,daniel ,brown2 he was the youngest son of his father's family1 and was born in ,rowan ,county1 ,north ,carolina1 ,june #cj1 #ahjd4 ,my father's father was ,james ,brown1 a native of ,rowan ,county1 ,north ,carolina1 #ageg being the year of his birth4 ,his wife was the widow of a ,revolutionary ,war soldier named ,emerson1 who was killed in the war for ,american independence1 leaving his wife and two children1 ,margaret and ,john ,emerson4 ,my grandfather ,james ,brown married the widow ,emerson1 who bore him nine children--three sons and six daughters--,jane1 ,polly1 ,nancy1 ,susan1 ,patsy1 ,william1 ,obedience1 ,james 7captain of ,company ,c1 ,mormon ,battalion71 and ,daniel 7my father72 her maiden name was ,mary ,williams4 ,all the family had an excellent reputation1 being upright1 thrifty1 and good and industrious citizens4 ,with these introductory remarks1 ,i will proceed to an account of my boyhood's days4 ,i was reared at the farming and stock business1 also at getting out saw timber and wood for cooperware4 ,my parents had moved from ,north ,carolina to ,brown ,county1 ,illinois1 in the autumn of #ahca1 and had purchased an extensive tract of land4 ,we were a large family2 the country was then wild and with very few inhabitants1 and the climate was unhealthy2 so it was with great effort that father and mother succeeded in making a home and gathering about them the comforts of life4 ,we were frontier settlers1 and while father had his pick of land1 he also had the hardships and privations of a new country to endure4 ,there were no churches or schoolhouses nearer than ten miles from our home1 and grist mills and blacksmith shops were equally distant4 ,thus the family was reared without the advantage of schools1 or of church-going religious training4 ,but we were thoroughly acquainted with border life1 with hunting1 fishing1 and all the sports indulged in by hardy pioneers1 and even learned to shake terribly from the ague1 and burn with fever spells1 while we were well dosed with quinine and calomel1 and had enormous doctor's bills to pay4 ,in our operations we trained horses and cattle to work1 stocked our own plows1 made our own harrows1 rakes and forks1 braided our own whips from the pelts of wild beasts which we ourselves dressed1 raised our own honey1 and made our own sugar1 with some to sell4 ,we had a good sugar orchard1 and plenty of wild fruits and nuts for the gathering4 ,as the first settlers of new countries are more or less subject to dangers from outlaws1 wild beasts1 and savage men1 we found it important to be well armed1 and on the alert day and night to defend life and liberty4 ,thus we learned the use of firearms and the tomahawk4 ,my father was an expert with the old ,kentucky rifle1 and some of his boys were not far behind him2 he trained them always to shoot with a rising sight1 to keep cool1 and always to have their powder dry and plenty of it4 ,he also taught us to tell the truth1 and used to say3 ,be honest1 stand up for your rights1 and fight for your country and friends4 ,in the year #ahce1 people began to settle in around us1 and then the circuit riders1 as they were called--the ministers--commenced to call around and hold meetings in private houses4 ,there were ,baptists1 ,freewill ,baptists1 ,methodists1 ,campbellites1 and others4 ,from #ahcf to #ahch some small churches and schoolhouses were built1 so that we began to get spiritual food1 such as it was2 and also some schooling1 with the benefit of the hickory rod that always was kept in soak1 so to speak1 and woe to the unruly student when it was called into service6 ,so far as the author is concerned1 he managed to get along without the rod the short time he was permitted to attend school4 ,he was kept close at work on the farm in summer1 and in the winter months was engaged getting out timber and hauling to market the farm products4 ,once his feet were frozen so that he lost every nail from his toes4 ,as to the religious teachings of the time1 there was a great deal of thundering and thundering1 but it failed to indicate any lightening of the author's path1 for he fished and hunted on the ,sabbath day1 just the same4 ,some time in the '#cjs we began to hear a little about false prophets1 a new religion1 miracles1 money-diggers1 thieves1 liars1 miracle-workers1 deceivers1 witches1 speaking in tongues and interpretation of the same1 walking on the water1 and visits from angels4 ,as time went on1 all these things were combined to form a grand excuse for raising mobs to expel the new ,church from the borders of civilization4 ,then came news of murder1 rapine1 house-burning1 and destruction of towns and cities in ,missouri4 ,there were great showers of stars in the firmament about this time4 ,on popular rumor1 and from hearing only one side of the story1 almost everybody decided that such a previously unheard-of people as the ,mormons ought to be shot or burned at the stake4 ,this was the sentiment to be found on every hand4 ,as a culmination of these things came the tidings that the ,missourians had driven the ,mormons from the state of ,missouri into ,illinois4 ,a little later1 and a ,latter-day ,saint ,elder named ,jacob ,pfoutz entered the neighborhood of my ,uncle ,james ,brown's home1 converted him1 his wife1 and several of the neighbors4 ,this ,elder was brought down by my uncle to see his two sisters1 ,aunts ,polly and ,nancy ,brown4 ,elder ,pfoutz was given permission to preach in the schoolhouse about three miles from my father's house4 ,the news spread like a prairie fire that the ,mormons had come and would preach on ,friday4 ,i think this was in the autumn of #ahdj4 ,i was at my aunt's at the time1 and decided to go and hear the strange preacher4 ,like most of the people1 ,i went out of curiosity1 more than anything else4 ,i had just turned my twelfth year1 and had begun to take some interest in religion1 going to every meeting for which ,i could obtain permission from my parents1 yet not thinking for a moment but that all religions were right4 ,at the first meeting held by the ,mormon1 the house was pretty well filled4 ,some who attended did so with the thought that after the services were over they would tar and feather the ,elder and ride him on a rail1 as such things had been indulged in in ,missouri1 and threats had been made freely4 ,others were going to confound him1 and still others wanted to see the fun1 as they said4 ,the preacher was a plain-spoken man of thirty-five to forty years old1 of ,german descent4 ,he was plainly dressed1 and without that urbane polish which ministers usually have4 ,when he began his discourse1 he raised up very calmly and deliberately and read from ,matthew1 seventh chapter1 verses fifteen to twenty4 ,he spoke from that text and corroborating passages1 supporting his argument throughout by scripture4 ,at the conclusion of his address1 some of the people said they did not want to mob a man who preached like that1 while others sniffed their noses and tried to get up a sneering laugh1 but failed4 ,the ,elder was invited to my aunt's house and was granted permission to preach on ,sunday in their oak-grove1 while several of the religiously inclined followed him to his stopping place and plied him with questions4 ,as to myself1 it seemed that ,i had not only heard it thunder1 but ,i had seen the lightning and felt it through every fibre of my system1 from the crown of my head to the soles of my feet4 ,i was revived as the showers of heaven revive the parched earth and impart life to the languishing vegetation4 ,notwithstanding the fact that ,i knew the ,latter-day ,saints1 or ,mormons1 were looked upon as filth1 in fact as even worse than rubbish1 that they had been called the very off-scourings of the earth1 that they were regarded as deserving to be put to death1 yet from that very day ,i received their doctrine in or by the spirit4 ,now that sixty years have rolled by since the events here narrated2 that ,i have passed through mobbings1 robbings1 fines and penalties2 have been banished and once sentenced to death2 ,paul-like have fought with wild beasts1 have been shipwrecked and almost starved2 have famished on thirsty deserts2 have had the scalping-knife wielded over my head while the ,indian warwhoop saluted my ears and the savage warrior danced with tomahawk in hand1 exulting over the victim intended to be slain and scalped in trophy of victory2 have laid in dungeons for my religion's sake--thanks be to ,god that ,i yet live and bear a faithful testimony of the truth and spirit that possessed my soul from that first ,gospel sermon ,i ever heard4 ,i have listened to ministers of various ,christian denominations advocate good and virtuous principles1 but ,i never knew any of them to preach the fullness of the ,gospel of the ,lord ,jesus as did that humble ,mormon ,elder4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,persecuted ,,by ,,playmates--,,give ,,them ,,an ,,effective ,,check--,,fight ,,with ,,wild ,,beasts--,,parents ,,join ,,the ,,mormons--,,the ,,author ,,holds ,,back--,,assassination ,,of ,,joseph ,,and ,,hyrum ,,smith--,,mormons ,,leave ,,illinois ,,for ,,the ,,west--,,exciting ,,times--,,my ,,winter',s ,,work--,,father ,,decides ,,to ,,wait ,a ,,while ,,before ,,leaving ,,illlnois--,,my ,,determination ,,to ,,go ,,with ,,the ,,mormons--,,confide ,a ,,secret ,,to ,,my ,,mother--,a ,,new ,,consultations--,,change ,,in ,,the ,,family ,,plans--,,father ,,prepares ,,to ,,start--,,gives ,,me ,,permission ,,to ,,go--,,thinks ,,of ,,leaving ,,me ,,because ,,of ,,my ,,illness--,i ,,feel ,,to ,,prefer ,,death ,,to ,,being ,,left ,,behind4 ,,from the very day my parents entertained the ,latter-day ,saint ,elders in their house my former playmates in the neighborhood commenced a crusade on me1 calling me a ,mormon1 and many hard names1 whenever they met me4 ,when we gathered at the mill pond1 our usual place of bathing1 they would baptize me1 as they called it1 in the name of ,beelzebub2 but ,i called it drowning1 for it seemed to me that when three or four of them got me under the water they never knew when to let me up4 ,then when ,i got out of the water they would mockingly lay hands on me in the name of ,beelzebub1 going through a ceremony and at short intervals calling ,pluck1 when they would pull my hair with a severe twitch1 and would spit on me and laugh4 ,once my clothes were taken and thrown into a bed of itching nettles1 and when ,i tried to get them out with a pole ,i was pushed in among the nettles4 ,at the gristmill1 also1 they would punish me in a shameful manner4 ,at last ,i became so provoked that ,i went after them with a strong jack-knife4 ,though some of them were eighteen or nineteen years old1 they ran off1 fully convinced that ,i would have hurt them if ,i could have caught them4 ,the miller interposed and gave them a severe reprimand4 ,from that time they never tried to punish me4 ,my medicine had worked well1 and thereafter ,i was looked on as a leading boy among them4 ,during this period ,i had some perilous experiences with wild animals4 ,my father had a pet deer1 and a bulldog owned by the family caught it by the nose2 ,i tried to get the dog off1 when the frightened deer kicked and tore my clothes almost off1 lacerating my flesh considerably4 ,soon after this the deer was followed1 in the woods near the house1 by a large buck1 which my father shot4 ,the animal's shoulder was broken1 and ,i followed it to the millpond and sprang into the water to hold it4 ,as ,i seized its horn the buck1 which had a footing1 threw me around1 lacerating my left hand considerably4 ,for a time my life was in peril from the wild animal1 but ,i struggled and finally used my pocket knife on its throat4 ,some time after this episode a man named ,john ,bos shot and wounded a big buck near our home4 ,it being night1 he came to the house for assistance1 and father and ,i went out4 ,the dogs reached the buck1 which charged on them1 and as it was seized by the nose by one of them father and ,i caught the buck's hind feet4 ,it kicked us free1 and ,i had a close call from being severely if not fatally hurt2 but we returned to the attack1 and finally secured the game4 ,as time went on the older people in our neighborhood took interest in the ,mormon ,elders1 and some of them joined the new ,church1 while others became very intolerant and hostile4 ,my parents and my eldest brother and sister united with the ,mormons2 yet ,i held back1 for though fully in sympathy with what my relatives had done ,i did not consider myself worthy to join1 for ,i thought that to be a church member ,i must have some great experience and see great lights1 such as ,i had heard people testify of4 ,thus ,i stayed out and watched developments4 ,finally1 in ,july1 #ahdd1 the news reached us that the ,prophet ,joseph ,smith and his brother ,hyrum1 the ,patriarch1 had been assassinated in ,carthage jail by a mob2 also1 that the ,mormons had been ordered to leave the state1 and were going either to the ,rocky ,mountains1 ,california1 or ,vancouver ,island4 ,in fact1 there were many kinds of rumors afloat1 and there was great excitement4 ,in the fall of #ahde permission was given me to go to a river town five miles from home1 to work at a slaughter and packing house1 where my cousin1 ,homer ,jackson1 and ,i got employment that season4 ,we heard that the ,mormons were going to start west the next spring--in fact1 their purpose was a topic of frequent conversation4 ,we returned home in the latter part of ,january1 #ahdf1 and soon learned that the ,church leaders were leaving ,nauvoo for a new home in the unknown western wilds1 and that every true ,mormon was expected to join them as soon as possible4 ,shortly after this1 father called a family meeting to consider what to do4 ,it was a great venture to start out with a large family on a journey of a thousand miles or more into an unknown wilderness1 among savage tribes2 so after long discussion of the matter1 it was decided to be too great an undertaking at that particular time4 ,it was regarded as inadvisable to take the chances of starving to death in the wilderness4 ,besides1 property was very low1 and it was folly to sell out a good home at so great a sacrifice as seemed necessary4 ,when this decision was reached1 father turned to me and said3 ,well1 ,jimmy1 what do you think about it8 ,i answered that where the ,mormons went ,i would go1 and where they died ,i would die4 ,this was the first time ,i had been asked a question1 and as ,i was not a member of the ,church my reply surprised the others4 ,being inquired of as to how ,i would go1 ,i suggested that perhaps someone wanted a teamster1 or maybe there was some widow who would take a boy for his labor in return for food and clothing4 ,father asked if ,i would leave the family and go out west and starve2 and he suggested that as ,i did not belong to the ,mormons they would not have me4 ,to this ,i said ,i would join them1 and that my mind was made up to go with the ,mormons at all hazards4 ,then father ordered me to keep quiet1 saying he would thrash me if ,i talked of leaving home4 ,this closed the discussion1 for in those days thrashing was the great panacea for disobedience1 whether at home or in the school room4 ,but that threat clinched my resolve to go with the ,mormons even at the risk of life1 for ,i was thoroughly satisfied of the justice of their cause4 ,i said no more then1 but at the first opportunity told my mother that soon ,i would come up missing1 as ,i was going with the ,mormons1 and should hide if searched for1 if ,i had to go among the ,indians4 ,mother said ,i would starve1 but my reply was that ,i could live on what others did4 ,my mother was convinced that ,i would go1 and her mother's heart was as so touched that she could not withhold my secret from my father1 who believed1 too1 that ,i would do as ,i had said4 ,one evening1 soon afterward1 ,i overheard them talking of the matter4 ,father said it would break up the family if they did not move west1 for ,jim certainly would go2 they were satisfied that the ,mormon doctrines were true1 and thought that perhaps they had better make an effort to sell out and move4 ,my heart was filled with joy at these words4 ,when morning came1 father set out to buy oxen1 and was successful4 ,he also sold his farm but reserved the crop1 as he had to wait till after harvest for part of his pay for the land4 ,he thought that by fitting out two good teams1 and providing wagons and tools1 he and ,alexander ,stephens 7mother's brother7 and two of his sisters 7old maids71 and myself could go out into ,iowa1 where we could put in some corn and build a cabin or two4 ,then my uncle and ,i could do the rest while father returned1 took care of the harvest1 and brought up the family1 when we would follow the ,church as best we could until a resting place was found4 ,the way now seemed open4 ,my father felt encouraged1 and all went well until a few days before the time for starting1 when ,i was stricken down with fever and ague1 and shook or chilled every other day till the first of ,may1 at which time all was ready for moving4 ,efforts were made to persuade me that ,i could not stand the journey1 but should allow one of the other boys to go in my stead4 ,but ,i could not see it in that light4 ,while father was talking of the matter to mother ,i overheard him say1 ,we will have to let ,james go1 for he will not be satisfied without1 but he will get enough of it when he has had a few days1 and has camped out and shaken a few times with the ague4 ,i thought to myself1 ,you are mistaken1 father1 for ,i would rather die than be left behind4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,start ,,for ,,nauvoo--,,taken ,,severely ,,ill--,,the ,,lord ,,answers ,,my ,,prayer ,,for ,,relief--,,pass ,,through ,,carthage--,,in ,,nauvoo ,,the ,,beautiful1 ,,but ,,almost ,,deserted ,,city--,,scene ,,on ,,the ,,iowa ,,shore--,,cross ,,the ,,mississippi--,,curious ,,make-,,up ,,of ,,the ,,exiles' ,,teams--,,the ,,bad ,,roads--,,stuck ,,in ,,the ,,mud--,,repairing ,,camps--,,good ,,order ,,maintained--,,unnecessary ,,killing ,,of ,,game ,,forbidden--,,reach ,,grand ,,river ,,and ,,put ,,in ,a ,,crop--,,learn ,,of ,,the ,,call ,,for ,,the ,,mormon ,,battalion--,,apostles ,,as ,,recruiting ,,officers--,,call ,,for ,,volunteers--,,response ,,by ,,the ,,camp--,,received ,,into ,,the ,,church ,,by ,,baptism--,,filled ,,with ,,the ,,love ,,of ,,the ,,gospel--,,get ,,the ,,spirit ,,to ,,enlist--,,consult ,,with ,,my ,,relatives ,,and ,,ezra ,t4 ,,benson--,,an ,,elder',s ,,promise--,,join ,,the ,,mormon ,,battalion4 ,,may #ast1 #ahdf1 was a pleasant day1 and we made our start for ,nauvoo1 passing through ,versailles to a point some ten miles from home to the first night's camp4 ,i was encouraged to think ,i had kept so well1 but about ten o'clock the second day ,i began to shake1 and my teeth fairly to crack4 ,i prayed earnestly to the ,lord to heal me4 ,i was quite weak1 and all thought me very sick4 ,but that was the last shake ,i had1 for ,i began to get well from that time4 ,it was on ,may #dth1 ,i believe1 that we reached ,nauvoo1 having passed through ,mount ,sterling1 the county seat of ,brown ,county1 also through ,carthage1 where the ,prophet ,joseph ,smith and his brother the ,patriarch ,hyrum ,smith had been assassinated4 ,we found the roads so muddy and such hard traveling that we did not make more than fifteen miles a day4 ,when we came in sight of the ,temple at ,nauvoo our hearts were filled with mingled joy and sorrow--joy that we had seen the ,temple of the ,lord1 and sorrow that the ,saints had been so cruelly driven from it4 ,as we passed through the city we saw many houses which had been abandoned--indeed1 the city itself seemed almost deserted4 ,at some of the houses stood covered wagons1 into which people were packing goods preparatory to their flight into the wilderness1 they knew not where4 ,looking westward across the great ,mississippi ,river1 we saw long trains of wagons strung out over the high rolling prairie4 ,the country was new1 and the roads muddy1 so we rested three or four days1 visiting the ,temple and viewing the city that was beautiful for situation1 but now was left with few inhabitants4 ,everything in and about the city that formerly hummed with industry and life was now lonely1 saddened1 and forlorn1 and silent but for the preparations for flight by the remnant therein4 ,about the #hth of ,may we crossed the great father of waters and joined the rolling kingdom on its westward journey4 ,we found friends and acquaintances1 made up a company of our own1 and passed and were repassed on the trip4 ,climbing an eminence from which we looked east and west1 covered wagons could be seen as far as the eye could reach4 ,the teams were made up of oxen1 milch cows1 two-year-old steers and heifers1 and very few horses and mules4 ,the teamsters were of both sexes1 and comprised young and old4 ,the people who could walk did so1 and many were engaged in driving loose stock4 ,hundreds of teams stuck in the mud1 and we had to double-up and help one another out4 ,many times we had to wade in mud half to our knees and lift our wagons out of the mire4 ,in this the women not infrequently would join their husbands and sons1 and the old adage came true in numerous instances--women for a dead lift2 when they plunged into the mud and put their shoulders to the wheels the men were urged to do double effort1 and the wagon always rolled out and onward1 at the rate of twelve to fifteen miles per day4 ,at every creek we found campers1 some repairing wagons1 yokes1 chains1 etc41 doctoring sick cattle1 washing clothes1 or helping forward friends whose teams were weak4 ,in all this there was excellent order1 for the camps were organized in a general way by tens1 fifties and hundreds4 ,peace and harmony prevailed all along the line4 ,evening prayers were attended to in each camp4 ,there was much singing1 mostly of sacred hymns or sentimental songs2 and from no quarter could coarse songs be heard4 ,sometimes the camp would meet in a sociable dance in the evenings1 to drive dull care away2 and then there always was good order and the most perfect friendship and peace4 ,the camps were instructed not to kill game of any kind to waste its flesh2 they were not even to kill a snake on the road1 for it was their calling to establish peace on earth1 and good will toward man and beast4 ,thus all went on in peace and order4 ,at one of the headwaters of the ,grand ,river1 ,iowa1 we found some hundreds of people putting in gardens and field crops 7corn and potatoes74 ,a few cabins had been built1 so father and our party decided to stop there4 ,we put in a few acres of corn and garden stuff1 then father returned to ,illinois to bring up the rest of the family1 leaving my ,uncle ,alexander ,stephens and myself to look after the crop and stock1 which we did faithfully4 ,about the #fth of ,july we heard that ,president ,young and several of the ,twelve ,apostles had returned from the most advanced companies1 and that there would be a meeting held at the white oak grove--the usual place of meeting--the next day4 ,there was also a rumor in camp that a government recruiting officer had come to enlist volunteers1 for the ,united ,states had declared war against ,mexico4 ,of course this latter tidings was a great surprise1 as the ,mormons had been denied protection against mob violence and had been forced beyond the borders of civilization in the ,united ,states1 and our camps were stretched out in an ,indian country1 from the ,mississippi ,river to the ,missouri4 ,surprised as we were at the government's demand1 we were still more so to think that our leaders would entertain for a moment the idea of encouraging compliance therewith4 ,yet rumor said that ,president ,young and the prominent men with him had come as recruiting officers as well4 ,all who could be spared from the tents went eagerly to the ,white ,oak grove1 and there learned that the rumors were true4 ,the ,united ,states government demanded that a battalion of five hundred men be raised by the ,mormon ,church1 then fleeing from mob violence for the want of protection by that government whose right and duty it was to protect them4 ,the men of the moving camp were required to leave their families in the wilderness1 almost unprotected1 and go to a foreign land to fight their country's battles4 ,but wonders never cease4 ,the leading men among the ,mormons--,brigham ,young1 ,heber ,c4 ,kimball1 ,wilford ,woodruff1 and others of the ,twelve ,apostles--stood before the people and called for volunteers to engage in the ,mexican war1 saying that the five hundred men must be raised if it took the whole strength of the camp to do it4 ,if the young men would not enlist1 the middle-aged and old men would1 said ,president ,young2 the demand of our country should be met if it took the ,twelve ,apostles and the ,high ,priests4 ,at the close of the meeting there were many who were enthused1 while others appeared confused and did not seem to catch the spirit of the matter4 ,i was not yet a member of the ,church1 but all the old stories of the war of the ,revolution and that of #ahab1 with the later ,black ,hawk ,indian wars1 brightened in my memory so that the spirit of the patriots awoke within me1 and although ,i was averse to war and bloodshed1 ,i had a desire to serve my country in any legitimate way4 ,yet ,i felt that1 as ,i was under age1 and1 as my ,uncle ,alexander ,stephens had decided to enlist1 the responsibility of my father's affairs now rested on me4 ,my uncle and ,i were standing by the roadside talking over the situation1 when along came ,ezra ,t4 ,benson1 who had been recently selected as one of the ,twelve ,apostles2 there also came ,richmond ,louder1 one of my associates from boyhood1 and ,matthew ,caldwell4 ,richmond ,louder and ,i had talked previously of being baptized together4 ,he said they were going down to attend to that sacred ordinance1 and invited me to accompany them1 which ,i did gladly4 ,we went to the south fork of the ,grand ,river1 and with ,uncle ,a4 ,stephens as a witness were baptized4 ,this was on the #gth of ,july1 #ahdf4 ,then we went to the house of ,general ,charles ,c4 ,rich1 where we were confirmed1 ,i think under the hands of ,elders ,willard ,richards and ,ezra ,t4 ,benson1 in the presence of ,president ,brigham ,young and others of the ,twelve ,apostles4 ,this done1 the happiest feeling of my life came over me4 ,i thought ,i would to ,god that all the inhabitants of the earth could experience what ,i had done as a witness of the ,gospel4 ,it seemed to me that1 if they could see and feel as ,i did1 the whole of humankind would join with us in one grand brotherhood1 and the universe would be prepared for the great ,millennial morn4 ,when we returned to camp1 my aunts partook of the same feeling that had filled me4 ,then ,i got the spirit to enlist1 and after a short consultation with those most concerned they advised me to lay the matter before ,ezra ,t4 ,benson4 ,accordingly1 the next morning ,uncle ,a4 ,stephens and ,i went over to the grove4 ,i told the ,elder my feelings1 and the responsibilities left upon me by my father4 ,elder ,benson said the ,spirit's promptings to me were right1 and ,i had started right4 ,he told me to go on1 saying ,i would be blessed1 my father would find no fault with me1 his business would not suffer1 and ,i would never be sorry for the action ,i had taken or for my enlistment4 ,every word he said to me has been fulfilled to the very letter4 ,uncle ,alexander ,stephens and ,i then went to a tent where men were giving in their names as volunteers4 ,we handed in our names1 and were enrolled as members of the historic ,mormon ,battalion4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,start ,,for ,,the ,,battalion ,,rendezvous--,a ,,journey ,,of ,,hardship--,,in ,,the ,,mormons' ,,camp ,,on ,,the ,,missouri ,,river--,,first ,,experiences ,,in ,,the ,,army--,,blessed ,,by ,,apostles--,,prophetic ,,address ,,by ,,president ,,brigham ,,young--,,the ,,battalion ,,starts ,,on ,,its ,,long ,,journey--,,doing ,,camp ,,duty--,,heavy ,,storms ,,and ,,insufficient ,,rations--,,hard ,,experiences--,,at ,,fort ,,leavenworth--,,mexican ,,mules ,,as ,a ,,cure ,,for ,,egotism--,,colonel ,,allen ,,taken ,,ill--,,on ,,the ,,santa ,,fe ,,road--,,suffering ,,from ,,thirst--,,sickness ,,among ,,the ,,troops--,,dr4 ,g4,b4 ,,sanderson1 ,a ,,tyrannical ,,quack--,,army ,,merchants--,,order ,,of ,,marching4 ,,it was about one o'clock in the afternoon of ,july #i when we bade our friends an affectionate farewell1 and started on what we understood to be a journey of one hundred and thirty-eight miles1 to join the army of the ,united ,states at our country's call4 ,we had provisions enough put up to last us on our trip4 ,the night previous our old clothes had received the necessary repairs4 ,our preparations were hasty and incomplete1 for we had been told 7by an unauthorized person1 as we afterwards learned7 that when we got to ,sarpy's ,point1 on the ,missouri ,river1 we would draw uniforms1 clothing1 blankets1 and rations1 and would have to cast aside our old clothes4 ,our initial trip was begun without a blanket to wrap ourselves in1 as we thought we could find shelter in the camps along the line of march4 ,but in this we were mistaken1 for everybody seemed to have all they could do to shelter their own4 ,the first night we camped on the bank of a small stream1 where we fell in with twelve or fifteen other volunteers who had not so much as a bit of bread1 but plenty of assurance in asking for what others had4 ,we divided with them1 then scraped what leaves we could and laid down thereon1 with a chunk of wood for our pillow4 ,next morning we divided our last morsel of food with what we learned later were the very roughest element of the battalion4 ,for five days we journeyed1 much of the time in heavy rain and deep mud1 sleeping on the wet ground without blankets or other kind of bedding1 and living on elm bark and occasionally a very small ration of buttermilk handed to us by humane sisters as we passed their tents4 ,we thought our experience was pretty rough1 but ,i do not remember that ,i heard murmuring from the lips of anyone1 for we felt that we were in the service of ,god and our country4 ,when we reached the ,missouri ,river we found that some four hundred men had rendezvoused there4 ,in the camps of the ,latter-day ,saints1 close by1 there were some thousands of men1 women and children2 a brush bowery had been erected1 where the people met for religious worship4 ,we soon found friends who welcomed us to camp1 and we were invited to a social dance and farewell party4 ,we had excellent music1 the best dinner that the country could afford1 and1 above all1 a spirit of brotherly love and union that ,i have never seen surpassed4 ,with all on the altar of sacrifice for ,god and ,his kingdom and for our country1 it seemed that everything and everybody looked to the accomplishment of one grand1 common cause1 not a dissenting voice being heard from anyone4 ,july #af1 #ahdf1 we were mustered into the service of the ,united ,states1 and1 under command of ,col4 ,james ,allen1 marched down the bluffs to the ,missouri bottoms1 where we camped in a cottonwood grove4 ,some flour and other provisions were issued to us1 and we peeled the bark off a tree for a bread tray or kneading trough4 ,some rolled their dough around sticks and stuck or held it before the fire1 and others baked their bread in the ashes2 for we had not yet drawn any camp equipage4 ,we received one blanket apiece1 and had that charged up1 the amount to be taken out of our pay4 ,i am not writing a history of the ,mormon ,battalion1 but am relating my individual experiences in that detachment of the ,united ,states army1 as ,i recollect them2 so it will not be expected of me to tell much of what others saw1 or to narrate events as they remember them1 but as they impressed themselves upon my mind at the time of occurrence4 ,just before our last farewell to friends at the ,missouri ,river1 and preparatory to taking up our line of march1 we were formed into a hollow square1 and ,president ,brigham ,young1 with ,heber ,c4 ,kimball and others of the ,apostles1 came to our camp1 rode into the square1 and gave us parting blessings and instructions4 ,the words of ,president ,young1 as they fastened themselves upon my memory1 were in substance as follows3 ,now1 brethren1 you are going as soldiers at your country's call4 ,you will travel in a foreign land1 in an enemy's country2 and if you will live your religion1 obey your officers1 attend to your prayers1 and as you travel in an enemy's land1 hold sacred the property of the people1 never taking anything that does not belong to you only in case of starvation2 though you may be traveling in an enemy's country1 do not disturb fruit orchards or chicken coops or beehives1 do not take anything but what you pay for--although it is customary for soldiers to plunder their enemies in time of war1 it is wrong--always spare life when possible2 if you obey this counsel1 attending to your prayers to the ,lord1 ,i promise you in the name of the ,lord ,god of ,israel that not one soul of you shall fall by the hands of the enemy4 ,you will pass over battlefields2 battles will be fought in your front and in your rear1 on your right hand and on your left1 and your enemies shall flee before you4 ,your names shall be held in honorable remembrance to the latest generation4 ,heber ,c4 ,kimball and other prominent men of the ,church confirmed what ,president ,young had said1 and all bade us an affectionate farewell1 with ,god bless you and spare your lives4 ,thus we set out in good cheer on our journey of more than two thousand miles in a section of the continent wholly unknown to us4 ,in the month of ,july1 from about the #bjth1 we passed down through the towns and villages along the river1 for two hundred miles1 to ,fort ,leavenworth4 ,the heat was excessive1 and the roads dusty1 when we started out4 ,a great part of the way we had only a small ration of food1 for it did not seem to be in the country1 and we suffered much from want4 ,we took regular turns in standing guard around the camp and in herding the stock4 ,heavy rains came on1 and for several days we pressed forward amid such terrible storms as ,i never had experienced before4 ,with less than half rations1 and that badly or insufficiently cooked1 from lack of proper utensils and experience1 and having to lie on the ground without any bedding save one blanket each1 it is a wonder the entire camp were not down sick instead of a few4 ,but with all this hardship there were no desertions and few complaints4 ,everything seemed to move harmoniously among the men4 ,the command crossed the river at ,fort ,leavenworth1 ,kansas1 and soon afterwards we drew a tent to each mess of six men4 ,this afforded us great relief at nights1 protecting us from the dews and rain2 but in the daytime the whiteness of the tents seemed to intensify the heat so that there was no comfort in them4 ,while at ,fort ,leavenworth we washed our old clothing and made ourselves as comfortable as possible4 ,soon we drew camp equipage and rations from the government4 ,we got flintlock muskets1 and accoutrements consisting of bayonets1 cartridge-boxes1 straps and belts1 canteens1 haversacks1 etc41 also a knapsack each4 ,we drew our first pay1 forty-two dollars each1 sent part of it to our families1 and fitted ourselves out with new clothes and shoes4 ,with all the paraphernalia of soldiers1 we seemed so burdened as to be able neither to run nor to fight4 ,then to be obliged to travel all day under a broiling sun1 or in driving rain or fierce winds1 across sandy deserts and over trackless mountains1 going sometimes sixty to ninety miles without water1 in an enemy's country--kind reader1 you may picture such scenes in your imagination1 but it is impossible for you to realize the conditions except by actual experience therein4 ,it is equally impossible for me to find language to describe fitly the situation at that time at the ,united ,states military post of ,fort ,leavenworth4 ,the place being an outfitting station for ,united ,states forces in the war with ,mexico1 all was bustle and activity2 steamboats were unloading material1 and teams filled the streets2 many of the new recruits were very rough indeed1 and drinking and fighting seemed to be their pastime2 myself and companions were amazed and shocked at the profane and vulgar language and vile actions that we were compelled to listen to and witness2 with all else1 squads of soldiers were being drilled1 the bugle sound was frequent1 as were also the beating of the drum and the playing of the fife2 everywhere the men were preparing for victory or death1 and many were so reckless they did not seem to care which came4 ,as our battalion was preparing quietly for the great march before us1 a band of very small ,mexican mules was brought in to be used as teams in our transportation department4 ,the animals were unaccustomed to harness1 and very wild1 so there was a detail of men from each company assigned to do the harnessing4 ,it fell to my lot to engage in the work1 and great was my surprise to see one of those little mules dragging three to five men about the yards4 ,i thought ,i was able to handle one of the little long-eared animals myself1 but had the conceit taken out of me in quick order by having my hands burned with the rope1 as ,i was jerked and dragged about in fertilizer in the yards--there being an abundance there4 ,but we accomplished our work1 with some sport and considerable cost to our patience and muscular energy4 ,from the #ajth to the #aeth of ,august1 companies ,a1 ,b1 and ,c moved out on the ,santa ,fe road1 and in two or three days were followed by companies ,d and ,e4 ,our esteemed colonel1 ,james ,allen1 having been taken ill1 ordered ,captain ,jefferson ,hunt of company ,a to take command until the colonel should recover and settle up the business of outfitting the battalion4 ,our route lay over rolling hills1 through some timbered country and some prairie4 ,the weather was warm1 and there was much suffering1 especially from lack of drinking water1 this being scarce4 ,the sick felt the hardship particularly1 and there was quite a number down with chills and fever2 such water as was obtainable was of poor quality1 warm and unhealthy1 and added to the number of the sick4 ,each company had a large wagon and three or four yoke of oxen to haul the tents and camp equipage1 and one issue of rations1 ,i think it was for one week4 ,the government had assigned a doctor to our command1 ,george ,b4 ,sanderson of ,platte ,county1 ,missouri4 ,he proved to be so cruel and tyrannical as to incur the ill-will of every man in the command4 ,he had immediate charge of the hospital wagons1 and no matter how ill a man was1 he was not allowed to ride in the company's wagon until he had reported to this cruel quack1 who had to be honored with the title of physician and surgeon4 ,with his permission a man was allowed to crawl into his company's wagon1 which was filled nearly to the bows with tents and other camp equipage4 ,sometimes there would be five or six crowded in together1 some shaking with ague and others burning with fever4 ,our company wagon was called the ,gray ,eagle2 ,john ,gilbert was the teamster1 and did all in his power to favor those of his comrades who deserved it4 ,besides the company and hospital wagons1 there were sutlers' or merchants' wagons--speculators that are permitted to follow the army for what they can make off the troops4 ,they carry in stock such things as they know from experience the soldier most needs1 and many luxuries2 they had almost everything to entice the famishing soldier1 who had to stand guard over them and their stores4 ,many times1 through hardships1 we seemed compelled to patronize them4 ,our suffering was their opportunity1 and they were not slow to take advantage of it4 ,their prices were enormous1 and their bills never failed to reach the paymaster by each payday2 after these were paid1 the soldier came in for the balance1 if there was any4 ,some were very unfortunate through sickness1 and had to patronize the sutler1 or merchant2 others were unwise in their purchases2 and thus the eight dollars a month wages often was spent before it was earned4 ,our commissary and ammunition department included over a hundred wagons2 the three or four pieces of artillery followed close in our rear1 in charge of a wagonmaster and assistants4 ,the usual order of marching1 as ,i remember it1 was3 an advance guard2 then the colonel and his staff2 next came the body of the command2 then a rearguard1 the baggage and hospital wagons1 etc4 ,only on special occasions was the main body of the battalion permitted to march at will1 as long as it remained between the front and rear guards4 ,when the country was specially rough1 and roads had to be made1 the road hands1 or1 in military language1 the sappers and miners1 were allowed extra rations1 and had to start out very early with the advance guard4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,crossing ,,of ,,the ,,kaw ,,river--,,indian ,,farmers--,,fierce ,,storm ,,on ,,stone ,,coal ,,creek--,,crossing ,a ,,creek ,,with ,,precipitous ,,banks--,,ruins ,,of ,,an ,,ancient ,,city--,,wagonload ,,of ,,sick ,,upset ,,in ,a ,,stream--,,sad ,,news ,,of ,,col4 ,,allen',s ,,death--,,dispute ,,over ,,his ,,successor--,,military ,,rules ,,disregarded ,,in ,,settling ,,the ,,question--,,troops ,,dissatisfied--,,sickness ,,in ,,camp--,,harshness ,,of ,,the ,,new ,,commander1 ,,lieutenant ,,colonel ,,smith--,,brutality ,,of ,,the ,,doctor--,,doses ,,of ,,objectionable ,,medicine ,,in ,,an ,,old ,,iron ,,spoon--,,in ,,the ,,comanche ,,indian ,,country--,,abuse ,,from ,,lieutenant ,,colonel ,,smith--,,scarcity ,,of ,,fuel--,,buffalo ,,chips--,,cooking ,,food ,,under ,,great ,,difficulties--,,increase ,,of ,,sickness--,,up ,,the ,,grand ,,valley ,,of ,,the ,,arkansas--,,detachment ,,of ,,sick ,,sent ,,to ,,pueblo--,,mirages--,,herds ,,of ,,buffalo--,,on ,,the ,,sick ,,list--,,reach ,,the ,,rocky ,,mountains--,,prehistoric ,,ruins--,,in ,,mexican ,,villages--,,arrival ,,at ,,santa ,,fe4 ,,we crossed the ,kaw ,river about the #agth of ,august1 being ferried over in flat boats by some half civilized ,delaware and ,shawnee ,indians4 ,where we crossed the river it was from three to four hundred yards wide4 ,the country in the neighborhood seemed to be well adapted to farming4 ,the ,indians had good crops of corn and watermelons1 and knew as well as white men how to charge for them4 ,these ,indians were an intelligent-looking people1 having log cabins for dwellings4 ,from the ,kaw we traveled to ,spring ,creek1 over a beautiful country1 and there joined the companies that had preceded us4 ,we met with rainstorms that made it very disagreeable for us at night1 when two of us would spread one blanket and lie down on it4 ,it would wet through at once2 and though we had tents over us1 we often slept on the wet ground1 in wet clothes4 ,moving onward to ,stone ,coal ,creek1 we there endured one of the severest storms of wind and rain that any of us ever had experienced4 ,nearly every tent was blown down2 several government wagons were overturned1 and others were sent rolling before the wind as though they were express or stage coaches2 many men fell on their faces and held to the shrubbery to avoid being carried away by the violence of the hurricane1 while others not so fortunate as to be able to catch hold of a shrub were driven some rods before the blast4 ,some were bruised and others badly frightened1 but none received serious injury2 and although everybody was thoroughly soaked1 not even the sick seemed to be unfavorably affected in health by their experience4 ,the storm over and our clothing dried1 we resumed our march4 ,coming to a deep creek with precipitous banks1 we had to hold the wagons back with ropes and let them down gradually to the bed of the stream2 then a number of men with ropes1 on the opposite side1 assisted the teams in drawing the wagons up the steep bank4 ,we passed over some very fine land to a place we named ,allen's ,grove1 and camped4 ,next day we came to the ruins of a city of the dim1 distant past2 the stone walls were yet visible to the traveler4 ,that night we rested on ,beaver ,creek4 ,on the #beth or #bfth1 while traveling through a beautiful country of rich soil1 one wagon with five or six people was upset into a creek1 and the occupants received a dangerous ducking1 though ,i do not recall any serious results following4 ,it was on this day that a messenger from ,fort ,leavenworth overtook us1 bringing the sorrowful news of the death of our esteemed commander1 ,colonel ,james ,allen4 ,it was a sad blow to us1 for all had learned to respect1 and1 indeed1 even to love him4 ,yet ,i have felt sometimes that it was a kind providence to him that he was taken from us1 for his nature was too kind and sympathetic to have forced his men through what the ,mormon ,battalion had to endure before reaching its destination4 ,colonel ,allen's death left a vacancy in the command that was not difficult to fill according to military rules1 as the next officer in rank should have occupied his place4 ,but plain as is the military law on the subject1 there arose a dispute1 and much feeling was worked up4 ,the council of officers decided that1 as ,captain ,jefferson ,hunt of company ,a had been placed in charge by ,colonel ,allen till the latter should rejoin the command1 he should continue in that position4 ,accordingly1 he led the battalion to ,council ,grove1 where it was learned that ,lieutenant ,colonel ,smith was on the way1 intending to assume command4 ,thus the quiet of the camp was again disturbed1 and much feeling manifested4 ,there were many warm discussions between the officers and among the soldiers as well4 ,it was at ,council ,grove that ,lieutenant ,colonel ,smith1 ,major ,walker1 and ,g4 ,b4 ,sanderson overtook us4 ,the question of command was further discussed1 ,captain ,hunt standing up for his rights4 ,but in the council1 ,captain ,nelson ,higgins of ,company ,d 7my company7 moved that ,smith should be recognized as the commanding officer2 this was seconded by ,captain ,davis of ,company ,e2 all the officers but three1 viz43 ,laron ,clark1 ,samuel ,gully1 and ,wesley ,w4 ,willis1 voted for the motion1 and the question was settled4 ,lieutenant ,colonel ,a4 ,j4 ,smith took command1 to the disgust of the soldiers1 a large majority of whom1 if not all1 were quite dissatisfied4 ,next day we reached ,diamond ,springs1 where the battalion was inspected by ,lieutenant ,colonel ,smith4 ,at this time there was much sickness in camp1 chills and fever and mumps4 ,this condition was produced by frequent changes of drinking water1 and by poorly-cooked food1 as many times we had to depend on dry weeds for fuel4 ,when a man became sick1 it had been the custom for him to crawl into the company wagon4 ,our new commander soon dropped on the kindness of the teamster1 and put an end to it without mercy4 ,the commander was so rough and ungentle1 and had so much pomposity and assurance1 that the whole command was disgusted1 and almost all were angry4 ,he ordered the sick out of the wagons1 and directed that before they could ride they must be reported by the doctor as unable to walk1 and had to take a dose of the doctor's drugs from his old rusty spoon4 ,we soon began to realize that we had fallen into bad hands4 ,the doctor often talked to the men as though they were brutes4 ,he was very unfeeling1 and the men would not respond to his sick call 7,jim along1 ,josey7 when it was possible for them to walk alone4 ,when we stopped he would sit in front of his tent with his book on his knee1 a long chest of medicine before him1 a colored man for his body servant1 and a hospital steward standing in front of the wagon4 ,at sick call1 everyone who could not walk had to be taken before the doctor's tent1 and there be seated or laid down1 sometimes on the wet ground1 then1 like going to a mill1 wait for his grist1 or dose of calomel4 ,there was not much chance to miss it1 for1 when a man's name was called and responded to1 the hospital steward was ordered to give him such and such a dose1 and the old iron spoon1 with its contents of we knew not what1 was presented in the presence of the doctor4 ,under these circumstances we began to feel at least the rigors of military rule4 ,about this time we entered the ,comanche ,indian country1 and on ,september #b camped on ,cottonwood ,creek4 ,the ,indians were said to be very hostile1 yet we had no trouble with them4 ,i think it was here that we began to see signs of buffalo1 and the prairie dog villages4 ,timber was very scarce1 and the country was more uninviting than that we had passed over4 ,shortly after ,lieutenant ,colonel ,smith took command we were drawn up in line1 and some military laws were read to us4 ,at the end of almost every sentence there was the word death1 as punishment for infraction of the law4 ,we were then talked to in a most offensive and domineering manner1 until some of us began to wonder what we had done to merit such severity and downright abuse4 ,we were tired and footsore1 and suffered much from lack of water4 ,the country showed such a sameness of forbidding features that the journey became very monotonous and tiresome4 ,fuel was so scarce that we had to dig trenches two or three feet long1 and eight or ten inches wide and a foot deep1 fill these with dry grass1 and start a fire and pile on buffalo chips1 with which to do our cooking4 ,the result was our food often was half raw and badly smoked1 and many of the men were brought down with severe diarrheal complaints4 ,as many had traveled the road in advance of us1 even buffalo chips for fuel were so scarce that often we had to go for miles to gather them4 ,when we reached ,pawnee ,fork we found it a very difficult stream to cross4 ,the wagons had to be let down the steep bank with ropes1 by the men1 and had to be taken up the opposite bank in the same manner4 ,the events narrated here will indicate that it is not all of a soldier's duty when on a long march to tramp all day with musket and accoutrements and knapsack1 but the soldier on such a journey as we had must push and pull wagons up hill1 hold them back when going down hill1 haul them through deep sands1 and help them and the teams out of quicksands2 he must stand guard and night-herd stock2 must press on1 over rough or smooth ground1 rain or shine2 must wade rivers1 and when crossing streams is not allowed to take off his clothing1 but has to plunge into the water1 and then travel on in wet clothes2 besides1 there are many other experiences that are far from pleasant4 ,we pushed along the best we could to the ,arkansas ,river1 through a very uninviting country1 in which we began to find brackish water and saleratus4 ,we traveled up the broad river bottoms of the ,arkansas eighty to one hundred miles1 the water being poor and unhealthy4 ,many were added to the corps of ,jim along1 ,joseys1 and had to be led or carried by their comrades to the unfeeling doctor1 many times to be cursed at by him1 and then to take a dose from his nauseating spoon4 ,quite a number of the sick were badly salivated by the drugs given them4 ,about ,september #ae or #af1 we crossed the river where the roads fork1 one going toward ,fort ,benton1 and the other leading to ,santa ,fe4 ,there we parted with ,captain ,nelson ,higgins1 he having been detailed to take a small squad of men and the families to a ,spanish town called ,pueblo1 some hundred miles away1 there to winter4 ,meanwhile1 we pushed our way over barren plains and sandy deserts to the ,cimmaron ,river4 ,we saw deceptive rivers1 ponds and lakes2 we chased after them for miles sometimes1 till we found that1 like jack o' lantern or will o' the wisp1 we could not get nearer to them4 ,finally we learned that they were mirages--a peculiar reflection of the sun upon the great plains or sandy deserts4 ,it seemed impossible for the inexperienced to discern the difference between the mirage and a body of real water4 ,in this barren country we saw immense herds of buffalo2 in our long march we came to ponds of water made perfectly filthy by the buffalo1 and rendered offensive by the broiling hot sun1 the liquid being almost as thick as gruel2 but we were so terribly famished with thirst that we were glad to get even such foul water4 ,when the ,cimmaron ,river was reached1 there was good water1 and good feed for our stock1 but our rations were reduced one-third1 and we were pretty well worn down4 ,on the #ahth or #aith of ,september it was my place to be on guard4 ,i had stood the journey very well1 but by this time had become affected by the alkali1 and that day was so badly afflicted with diarrhea as to be almost unable to drag myself into camp4 ,but rather than march to ,jim along1 ,josey1 ,i took my place on guard4 ,that night there came on one of the most terrible storms ,i ever have experienced4 ,i had to brace myself with my musket to stand4 ,from that date ,i have never been free from pain in the right limb1 near the instep1 caused by the severe exposure4 ,next day it became necessary to go on the sick list1 to remain several days4 ,about the #bcrd we began to come to timber in the hills1 and having been for nine or ten days with nothing but grass and buffalo chips for fuel1 we were in a situation to appreciate the change4 ,soon we were among the sandhills1 where traveling was hard1 and passed the ,rabbit ,ears 7,black ,peak and ,agua ,fria ,peak71 two high mountain peaks4 ,in this mountainous region we found traces of the inhabitants of a past age1 in old stone walls and in numerous' irrigation canals long since dry4 ,on the #bnd or #crd of ,october we came to the ,red ,river4 ,the mountain air was bracing1 but there were many men who yet remained sick4 ,about this time the command was culled over by ,lieutenant ,colonel ,smith and the doctor1 and all who were considered able to stand a forced march to ,santa ,fe were ordered forward on the double quick4 ,the sick men were left to take care of themselves as best they could1 with the broken down teams of the command to look after4 ,my lot was still with the invalids1 and of course ,i had to remain4 ,yet we were only about two days behind the strong men who left us in the mountains2 we reached ,santa ,fe on ,october #abth1 having passed through several ,mexican villages1 the houses of which were low and flat-roofed1 and covered principally with cement and tile4 ,we saw the very small ,mexican sheep and goats1 the people milking the latter1 by sitting at the back end1 in an earthen pot1 and there milking regardless of anything that might drop into the vessel intended for milk only4 ,from the appearance of ,santa ,fe we had no reason to doubt that it was between three and four hundred years old2 for it looked at least that far behind the times4 ,mexicans and ,indians1 badly mixed1 made up the population4 ,their costume1 manners1 habits1 and in fact everything1 were both strange and novel to us1 and of course were quite an attraction4 ,many of the people looked on us with suspicion1 and if it had been in their power no doubt they would have given us a warm reception2 others appeared to be pleased1 doubtless because it made trade better for them1 and on that account they seemed very friendly4 ,they brought into camp1 for sale1 many articles of food2 the strongest of these were red pepper pies1 the pepper-pods as large as a teacup1 and onions 7savoyas7 as large as saucers1 to be eaten raw like turnips4 ,a few days' rest and change of food at ,santa ,fe1 and the command was ready to resume its arduous march4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,exemplar',s ,,conduct ,,of ,,the ,,mormon ,,troops--,,lieutenant ,,colonel ,p4 ,,st4 ,,george ,,cooke ,,arrives ,,and ,,assumes ,,command--,a ,,welcome ,,change--,,another ,,detachment ,,op ,,sick1 ,,also ,,the ,,laundresses1 ,,sent ,,to ,,pueblo--,,selecting ,,men ,,to ,,continue ,,the ,,journey ,,to ,,california--,,reducing ,,the ,,baggage--,,difficulties ,,of ,,the #a1ajj ,,miles ,,journey ,,ahead--,,poor ,,equipment ,,therefor--,,leave ,,santa ,,fe--,,roads ,,of ,,heavy ,,sand--,,on ,,one-,,third ,,rations--,,hardships ,,increase--,,galled ,,feet ,,and ,,gnawing ,,stomachs--,,more ,,sick ,,men ,,for ,,pueblo--,,leaving ,,the ,,last ,,wagons--,,mules ,,and ,,oxen ,,in ,a ,,pack ,,train--,,in ,,an ,,unknown ,,country--,,hunting ,a ,,pass ,,over ,,the ,,mountains--,,alarm ,,of ,,an ,,enemy--,a ,,beaver ,,dam--,,crossing ,,the ,,rio ,,grande ,,del ,,norte--,,great ,,suffering ,,among ,,the ,,troops4 ,,while we were in ,santa ,fe1 ,colonel ,sterling ,price came in with his cavalry command1 and soon the town prison was filled with them1 so that it became necessary for a guard from the ,mormon ,battalion to be posted at the prison4 ,i do not recall that any of our command was put into the prison1 though it is possible one or two might have been1 for a few of them got rather too much wine2 but it was a very few who acted that way4 ,there were many invalids of other commands left to garrison ,santa ,fe1 and they caused considerable disturbance1 many of them getting into prison4 ,it seems that word had gone ahead to the ,mexican town that the ,mormons were a very hard class of outlaws1 consequently at first we were looked upon as toughs of the very worst kind4 ,but when the people had an opportunity to see our superior conduct in contrast with that of the other troops1 they realized the true situation1 and male and female thronged our camp in friendly visit4 ,it was on ,october #ac1 #ahdf1 that ,lieutenant ,colonel ,p4 ,st4 ,george ,cooke assumed command of the ,mormon ,battalion1 having been designated for that purpose1 and by this proceeding we were liberated from the little tyrant ,lieutenant ,colonel ,a4 ,j4 ,smith4 ,by order of ,colonel ,cooke1 ,captain ,james ,brown of ,company ,c took command of all the sick that were unable to continue the journey to ,california2 also of most of the laundresses1 and a few able-bodied men1 with directions to go north to ,pueblo1 and join ,captain ,higgins4 ,in order to determine who were not able to continue the march to ,california1 we were drawn up in line1 and the officers and ,dr4 ,sanderson inspected the whole command4 ,the doctor scrutinized every one of us1 and when he said a man was not able to go1 his name was added to ,captain ,brown's detachment1 whether the man liked it or not2 and when the doctor said a man could make the trip1 that settled the matter4 ,the operation was much like a cooper culling stave timber1 or a butcher separating the lean from the fat sheep4 ,my desire was very strong to continue the overland journey1 and when the doctor neared me1 ,i braced up and tried to look brave and hardy4 ,to the doctor's inquiry1 ,how do you feel8 my answer was1 ,first rate4 ,he looked at me suspiciously and said1 ,you look d--d pale and weak1 then passed on1 and ,i was greatly relieved at having gone safely through the inspection4 ,in order ,no4 #h1 ,colonel ,cooke called the particular attention of the company commanders to the necessity of reducing baggage as much as possible2 that means for transportation were very deficient2 that the road was almost impracticable1 much of it being in deep sand1 and how soon we would have to abandon our wagons it was impossible to ascertain2 that skillets and ovens could not be taken1 and but one camp-kettle to each mess of ten men4 ,colonel ,cooke very properly and correctly pointed out that everything seemed to conspire to discourage the extraordinary undertaking of marching the battalion #a1ajj miles1 for the much greater part of the way through an unknown wilderness1 without road or trail1 and with a wagon train4 ,he said the battalion was much worn by traveling on foot1 marching from ,nauvoo1 ,illinois2 their clothing was very scant1 there was no money to pay them1 or clothing to issue2 the mules were utterly broken down2 the quartermaster's department was out of funds and its credit bad2 animals were scarce1 and those procured were inferior and deteriorating every hour from the lack of forage4 ,all this made it necessary that such careful preparation as could be should be made in advance4 ,it can be easily seen from this statement that the condition and prospects of the battalion were not very encouraging2 yet there were very few of the men who had the least desire to retrace their steps--they knew what they had passed through1 but looking ahead they tried to hope for the best1 realizing1 just as they had been told1 that the country through which they had to travel was an unknown region4 ,with the colonel's orders carried out1 we got ready to move1 and about the #bast of ,october we left ,santa ,fe and traveled six or eight miles to a stream called ,agua ,fria 7cold water74 ,grass for animals was very short1 the nights were very cold1 and our road was in heavy sand almost from the start4 ,our advance was slow1 for the best teams had been taken for extra service or express duties in other departments4 ,besides1 there was added to our already overburdened animals the load of sacks1 packsaddles1 lashing-ropes1 etc41 necessary in the event of being compelled to abandon the wagons1 so we would not be entirely without means of transportation4 ,there was also the burden of sheep pelts and blankets to use under pack saddles1 and as most of these were bought second-hand1 they were well stocked with the insects commonly called greybacks4 ,in a short time we drew near to the mountains1 and the weather became colder4 ,having but one blanket each we began to use the pelts and saddle-blankets to splice out our scanty store of bedding4 ,thus we proceeded over sandy roads1 through the towns and villages of ,spaniards1 ,indians and ,greasers--the surroundings presented being of such a sameness that the journey became very monotonous4 ,soon after leaving ,santa ,fe our rations were reduced to one-third the regular amount allowed by law to the soldier4 ,a detail of men was called as a substitute for mules1 to move and to lighten the loads of the ammunition wagons4 ,each soldier was required to carry sixty-four rounds of cartridges that contained each a one-ounce ball1 three buck-shot1 and powder enough to send them where they should be1 besides the heavy paper they were wrapped in1 and extra flints for the firelock--about two hundred ounces added to the already overburdened soldier4 ,now the soldier must wade the tributaries of the ,rio ,grande del ,norte1 sometimes waist deep and more1 and is not allowed even to take off his shoes1 or any of his wearing apparel4 ,an officer1 perched on his white mule on some point or eminence overlooking the whole command1 with a hawk's eye for keen military experience1 calls to this or that squad of men1 with a horrid oath1 as if they were brutes2 often he curses the men until they long for a battle where perchance someone would remember the tyrant with an ounce ball and three buckshot4 ,and yet1 if that feeling were not quenched in the soldier's bosom it would not require an engagement with the enemy to accomplish the deed4 ,but1 praise ,god1 that feeling quickly passed off as the men marched along1 their clothes wet1 and their thick soled cowhide army shoes partly filled with sand--the chafing and galling of the flesh without and the gnawing and grinding of the stomach within defied the mind to dwell upon any one subject for long at a time4 ,is it any wonder that under these conditions fifty-five of our comrades wore down and collapsed so they had to go on the sick list and it became necessary for ,lieutenant ,w4 ,w4 ,willis to take command of that number of invalid soldiers1 and join ,captains ,higgins and ,brown at ,pueblo8 ,this company of sick and exhausted men left us1 on their return1 about the #ajth or #abth of ,november4 ,about this time1 the quartermaster was ordered to leave the remaining two heavy ox-wagons1 while the company commanders were directed to reduce their tent-poles two-thirds2 that is1 to cast away all the upright poles and use muskets instead1 and to put gores in the back part of the tents so they could shelter nine men in place of six2 we were also to leave one-third of the campkettles4 ,then came some sport in putting packs on a number of our mules and worn-out oxen4 ,some of these1 which did not look as though they could travel a hundred miles further1 when the crupper was put in place would rear up1 wheel around1 and kick in a most amusing style2 nor did they cease until their strength failed them4 ,when this sport1 if sport it may be called1 was over we began to realize in a small degree the gravity of our situation4 ,our guides were at sea1 so to speak4 ,we were in an enemy's land1 with not a soul in camp who knew anything of the country4 ,men had been sent ahead to hunt a route for us to travel1 and every time1 on their return1 they reported impassable barriers ahead--rough1 high1 steep mountains1 without springs of water or creeks1 or sandy plains1 and barren deserts that it would be impossible to cross4 ,in this dilemma we had to bear to the south1 along the river1 in hopes of finding a pass to the west4 ,one night1 while camped near the ,rio ,grande del ,norte1 we heard a great noise as though a band of horses were crossing the river4 ,this created quite an alarm1 as there had been rumors of ,mexicans revolting4 ,for a short time it was thought it was ,mexican cavalry crossing to attack us by night1 but on the colonel making inquiries of the guides it was learned that the noise proceeded from beaver playing in the river4 ,after watching and listening for a time1 all settled down1 contented that there was no enemy at hand4 ,on resuming our march next day1 we passed through a grove of cottonwood trees1 and saw where many of them had been cut down by the beaver4 ,some of the trees were two feet or more in diameter1 had been cut off in long sections1 and a surprisingly large dam had been constructed by the beaver across the river4 ,this dam had caused to be formed a large pond1 in which the beaver congregated at certain seasons1 for sport4 ,thus the mystery of our midnight disturbance was solved to our satisfaction4 ,we passed along the sandy road to a large bend in the river1 which ,colonel ,cooke decided was the place where we would cross the stream4 ,he stationed himself on an abrupt point of rock1 from which he could view the whole proceeding4 ,men were detailed from each company to follow the wagons through the river4 ,in order to avoid a rocky ridge the stream had to be crossed twice within quarter of a mile4 ,there were very heavy quicksands1 and if the teams were allowed to stop one minute it was doubtful whether they could start again2 consequently the precaution of having men close at hand was very important1 though the average soldier did not understand the real reason for forcing him into the water without stripping off at least part of his raiment4 ,the crossing was made early in the day1 and the water was very cold1 as ,i had ample evidence1 being one of those detailed to attend the wagons4 ,our comrades took our muskets over the point while we lifted at the wagons4 ,as the water was waist deep1 when the men would stoop to lift it would wet our clothing very nearly to the armpits2 our shoes also were filled with sand4 ,wet and cold1 almost chilled1 we continued our march through deep sands1 pushing and pulling at the wagons till our clothing dried on our bodies1 our shoes became so dry and hard that walking was very painful and difficult1 and our feet became raw4 ,if this had been all1 we might have had less reason to complain2 but when an irritated officer 7not all the officers pursued such a reprehensible course1 but a few of them did7 swore at us as if we were brutes1 when we were already burdened almost beyond endurance1 it is no wonder there was an impulsive desire to retaliate4 ,for my own part1 my feelings never were so outraged1 and the desire for revenge never ran so high and wild as then4 ,but we cooled down1 though our physical sufferings were not lessened2 as we tramped on through the sands we became so weak it was almost impossible to keep our ankles from striking together as we walked1 and our hard and dry shoetops would cut our ankles till the blood came4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,pushing ,,to ,,the ,,west--,,overhearing ,a ,,conversation ,,with ,,col4 ,,cooke--,,the ,,colonel ,,fears ,,the ,,men ,,will ,,starve--,,no ,,berries1 ,,not ,,even ,,bark ,,of ,,trees1 ,,for ,,food--,,true ,,state ,,of ,,affairs ,,as ,,to ,,the ,,outlook ,,kept ,,from ,,most ,,of ,,the ,,troops--,,hides1 ,,intestines1 ,,and ,,even ,,soft ,,edges ,,of ,,hoofs ,,and ,,horns ,,of ,,animals ,,eaten--,,bird',s ,,eye ,,soup4--,,in ,a ,,snowstorm--,,relics ,,of ,,ancient ,,inhabitants--,,camping ,,without ,,water--,,old ,,silver ,,and ,,copper ,,mines--,,hardest ,,day ,,of ,,the ,,journey--,,men ,,appear ,,as ,,if ,,stricken ,,with ,,death--,,the ,,writer ,,so ,,ill ,,as ,,to ,,be ,,unable ,to ,,travel ,,longer1 ,,and ,,expects ,,to ,,die--,,uncle ,,alexander ,,stephens ,,comes ,,with ,,water ,,and ,,revives ,,him--,,awful ,,suffering ,,in ,,camp--,,reported ,,sick ,,next ,,morning--,,brutal ,,dr4 ,,sanderson ,,gives ,a ,,deadly ,,dose ,,of ,,laudanum1 ,,but ,,the ,,writer ,,vomits ,,it ,,after ,,being ,,made ,,fearfully ,,sick--,,in ,,terrible ,,distress ,,for ,,days--,,healed ,,by ,,the ,,laying ,,on ,,of ,,hands ,,of ,,the ,,elders ,,of ,,the ,,church ,,of ,,jesus ,,christ ,,of ,,latter-,,day ,,saints4 ,,it was but a little while after this that we left the ,rio ,grande del ,norte1 and pressed on toward the west4 ,one day1 while passing up a brushy canyon1 my place being with the advance guard1 in the rear of the road hands1 ,i had occasion to step into the brush by the roadside4 ,while there1 out of sight1 ,col4 ,cooke and staff and guides came along and stopped right opposite me1 so close that ,i dared not move lest they should see me4 ,as they came up1 the colonel inquired of the guides if there were no fruit or berries that men could live on2 the reply was1 no1 not a thing4 ,they were talking about some place ahead that the guides were acquainted with4 ,the colonel then asked if there were no trees that had bark something like elm bark1 which men could live on for a few days2 but the answer was that there was neither fruit1 roots nor bark1 that the country was a barren waste4 ,upon receiving this information1 the colonel exclaimed1 ,what can we do8 ,in response1 the suggestion was that the guides did not know unless some of the stronger men and mules were sent on a forced march to the first place in ,california1 where they could get a bunch of beef cattle and meet us on the desert with them4 ,there was some further conversation1 when it was ended by the colonel exclaiming1 with a despairing oath1 ,i expect the men will starve to death6 ,the deep gloom of sadness hung over those who knew of the situation4 ,all of the men1 however1 were not informed of the gravity of the position we were in4 ,at that time we were drawing less than half rations4 ,the fresh meat we had was more like glue or jelly than beef4 ,the plan had been adopted of slaughtering the weak cattle first1 so that the stronger animals could travel faster4 ,when an animal became too weak to hold up one end of a yoke1 or to carry a packsaddle1 it was slaughtered1 and the flesh issued to the men4 ,not a scrap of the animal would be left on the ground2 the hide1 intestines--all was eaten2 even the tender or soft edges of the hoofs and horns would be roasted1 and gnawed at so long as a human being possibly could draw subsistence therefrom4 ,many times we were without water to wash the offal4 ,the bones would be carried along1 broken up1 and boiled and re-boiled1 in some instances as long as there could be seen a single bird's eye 7the name given to solitary spots of grease that would come to the surface7 of grease rise on the water2 then each man was eager for his share4 ,sometimes cattle became so weak that men were left with them to come up to the command after night4 ,on one occasion1 when an old ox could not be got into camp and had to be left four or five miles back1 men were sent bright and early next morning1 to bring him in4 ,it snowed that night1 and in camp things generally were disagreeable4 ,the ox was brought in1 slaughtered1 and issued to us for rations4 ,if any man had failed to get his share of that white ox at that time there might have been a row1 but a fair distribution maintained peace4 ,the place of our camp was called ,white ,ox ,creek1 and we laid by for one day to rest and refresh ourselves4 ,from there we traveled over a rough country1 but one that evidently had been inhabited ages ago1 for we found stone walls1 pottery by the acre1 and old and dry canals--their former source of water having disappeared4 ,we found in a rock a deep and large hole with water sufficient to supply the command2 we secured it by drawing all night1 until everything was watered4 ,then we moved on1 and next night camped without water4 ,we passed many old mines1 supposed to be of silver and copper1 and there were said to be gold mines in the vicinity4 ,late at night we traveled1 and were on the march early the following morning4 ,all day we pressed forward as rapidly as possible1 there being no water1 and late at night the command came to a place called ,dry ,lake4 ,that was the hardest day for me that came in the experience of the whole journey4 ,i had been run down so low with a severe attack of dysentery that ,i could travel no longer1 and laid down4 ,my thirst was intense1 and it did not seem possible that ,i could live till morning4 ,it seemed that everyone was traveling as best he could1 for the rearguard passed me without taking any notice4 ,men went by1 looking like death1 their mouths black1 their eyes sunken till it was difficult to recognize them4 ,some eyes had a staring glare1 which looked as if the monster death were close at hand4 ,yet the men staggered on1 their feet hitting each other1 tit for tat1 as one was dragged past the other4 ,the hopes of these men were greater than mine1 for ,i had ceased to march4 ,this was the first time ,i had felt there was little reason to hope that ,i would ever reach camp again1 for ,i supposed that all the men had passed me4 ,the sun's rays faded away on the eastern mountain tops1 and the bright orb dropped beneath the western horizon4 ,for a moment ,i felt that with me the vital spark would soon sink below the mortal horizon1 as if to accompany the king of day4 ,just when my hopes were flickering as does a candle when the wick has all but burned out1 there came to my ears the sound as of the tinkling of a tin can that seemed to keep time with a soldier's step as he marched4 ,gradually the sound became more distinct until its approach was a certainty4 ,then my uncle1 ,alexander ,stephens1 came in sight4 ,he had been left to bring up an old spotted ox which had failed1 and had driven the animal into the shade of a rocky cliff1 where the ox laid down1 while the driver hunted around and found a dripping of water as it seeped from a crevice in the rock4 ,he had quenched his thirst and filled his canteen1 resting in the meantime1 then followed on the trail1 pricking the ox with his bayonet4 ,when ,uncle ,alexander ,stephens came up he handed me his canteen1 and the draught of water quickly revived me4 ,i did not think myself able to rise to my feet1 but with a little assistance ,i got up1 and took hold of the packsaddle4 ,my knapsack1 musket and accoutrements were lashed to the ox1 and by a final effort we reached ,dry ,lake camp1 by halting at short intervals along the four miles we had to travel4 ,wretched1 wretched indeed1 was the condition of the command that night4 ,it is doubtful whether at any time in the long march the men suffered more than they did then and the forty-eight hours preceding4 ,next morning1 at the doctor's call1 many had to be helped by their comrades to the place designated for the sick4 ,for myself1 two men sat me upon the ground1 and held me up till my time came to be questioned4 ,dr4 ,sanderson called out1 ,what is the matter with you8 ,when he received the information asked for he remarked gruffly3 ,i've a d--d great mind not to report you sick4 ,i never saw such a d--d set of men in my life4 ,they will not report till d--d nigh dead4 ,i answered that it did not matter to me whether he entered me on the sick list or not1 for ,i could not walk4 ,at this he said sharply4 ,not a d--d word out of you or ,i'll make you walk4 ,then he ordered the steward to give me a dose of castor oil and laudanum1 stating the quantity4 ,the steward1 ,william ,spencer1 said1 ,isn't it a rather heavy dose8 to which the doctor responded with a curse1 telling him to do as he was ordered4 ,at that the dose was poured into a teacup1 filling it half full4 ,it was given to me1 the steward saying in a low tone of voice4 ,if you do not throw it up it will kill you4 ,i was assisted back to the company's wagon1 and soon vomited the medicine1 but not until it had changed my countenance so much that the lieutenant of my company1 ,cyrus ,canfield1 did not know me4 ,he came and ordered me out of the wagon1 telling me to go to my own company4 ,it was sometime before he could be convinced who ,i really was1 then remarked that ,i looked so near dead that he could not believe it was ,i4 ,but when he recognized me he was very kind1 and was willing to do anything he could for my relief4 ,for four days ,i lay in a dull stupor1 when that phase of the disease was checked1 and a very high fever set in4 ,my sufferings were so terrible that some of my messmates came into the tent1 anointed me with oil1 then administered to or prayed for me2 and although burning with a high fever till it seemed that ,i could not live1 ,i was instantly healed1 so that when they took their hands off the fever was entirely gone1 and ,i was wet with perspiration4 ,from that time ,i began to gather strength4 ,that was my first experience with the ordinance of healing by the laying on of hands by the ,elders of the ,church of ,jesus ,christ of ,latter-day ,saints4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,on ,,the ,,summit ,,of ,,the ,,rocky ,,mountains--,,crossing ,,the ,,backbone ,,of ,,the ,,north ,,american ,,continent--,,review ,,of ,,the ,,journey--,,graves ,,opened ,,by ,,wolves--,,mutilated ,,bodies--,,an ,,unparalleled ,,journey ,,of ,,hardship--,,the ,,prospect ,,ahead--,a ,,matter ,,of ,,life ,,and ,,death--,,start ,,down ,,the ,,pacific ,,slope--,,descending ,,the ,,cliffs ,,with ,,wagons--,,one ,,vehicle ,,slips ,,and ,,is ,,reduced ,,to ,,kindling ,,wood ,,and ,,scrap ,,iron--,,into ,a ,,new ,,climate--,,change ,,in ,,the ,,character ,,of ,,vegetation--,,wild ,,horses ,,and ,,cattle--,,attacked ,,by ,,wild ,,cattle--,,several ,,men ,,hurt ,,and ,,one ,,mule ,,gored ,,to ,,death--,a ,,number ,,of ,,cattle ,,killed--,,supply ,,of ,,beef--,,reach ,,the ,,san ,,pedro ,,river--,,traveling ,,through ,a ,,heavy ,,growth ,,of ,,mesquit ,,and ,,chapparal--,,approach ,,the ,,mexican ,,garrisoned ,,town ,,of ,,tucson--,,news ,,of ,,approach ,,of ,a ,,large ,,american ,,army ,,sent ,,to ,,the ,,mexicans--,,order ,,issued ,,by ,,colonel ,,cooke4 ,,at the camp at ,dry ,lake1 which we reached between ,november #bj and #be1 we laid over a day1 and a party was sent ahead to cut a road over the divide4 ,i was too weak for four or five days to take much interest in what passed2 and in the meantime the command reached and crossed the divide1 or summit of the ,rocky ,mountains--the backbone of the ,north ,american continent--where the waters are divided1 flowing on either side to the ,atlantic and ,pacific respectively4 ,for eighteen hundred miles the ,mormon ,battalion members had made a hard and weary march4 ,starting from ,nauvoo1 on the ,mississippi ,river--the father of waters--as exiles1 they had passed over a lovely country1 yet at a season of the year when travel was difficult1 to the ,missouri ,river4 ,at the latter point the battalion was mustered into service1 and moved over an excellent country two hundred miles to ,fort ,leavenworth2 thence through what is now the state of ,kansas1 passing over a goodly land to the ,great ,plains1 a timberless country1 where water is scarce4 ,there they began to be footsore and leg-weary1 and to suffer severely from heat and thirst4 ,soon they came to the desert1 and for nine days tried cooking their shortened rations over buffalo chip fires1 with fuel even scarcer than it was poor2 often having very little water1 and that brackish1 so that men and hearts began to grow weak and ill4 ,at this point in the long journey they commenced passing the open graves of soldiers1 many of whom laid down their lives in the advance companies4 ,their graves were open for the reason that wolves had dug up the dead bodies and devoured the flesh from the bones2 the blankets in which the bodies were wrapped were torn to shreds1 while in some instances the carcass still hung together1 except that the fingers and toes had been eaten off by wild beasts4 ,the road was also strewn with dead horses and cattle1 so that as the battalion advanced the gruesome sights became more frequent and therefore excited less comment4 ,and in turn the battalion contributed a share of dead to the lonely graves of the plains4 ,then1 on the sandy roads1 there was the rough order to put the shoulder to the wheel and help the jaded teams2 and the battalion waded creeks and rivers with quicksand bottoms1 or lifted or pulled at ropes in lowering or raising their wagons over rough and precipitous places--in what appeared at that time a rough and worthless country1 which may not have changed greatly since4 ,at times they were called forward to tramp sand roads for teams1 and then to return and pull at ropes or push at wagons which1 without assistance1 the teams could not control4 ,then when ,santa ,fe was passed the journey was proceeded upon with reduced rations1 down the difficult country along the ,rio ,grande del ,norte4 ,onward the struggle continued1 over sandy deserts and through a rough1 mountainous region1 where the hardships were intense1 and where there seemed no eye to pity and no hand to pass even a drop of water to moisten the parching tongue4 ,it was not human capability1 it was the divine power that sustained them in such extremities as they had to endure4 ,it was thus the renowned ,mormon ,battalion toiled and struggled on their journey to the summit of the lofty ,rocky ,mountain range--the crest of the continent--a journey whose details of privation1 and peril1 and patient courage1 cannot be told in human words1 and never can be realized except by those who experienced it4 ,so many lofty mountain spurs had been crossed1 that the final ascent seemed quite gradual4 ,leaving now this general survey of the past1 ,i recall that from the lofty eminence we had reached on our march1 the descent was very abrupt and difficult1 through the rugged defiles to the west4 ,but with the battalion it was a case of life and death4 ,that was no place to remain1 there was no earthly help at hand1 no way to life open but to trust in ,god and persevere in the onward movement4 ,so with the pick-axe and crow-bar we commenced to clear the most feasible road down by chopping away the shrubbery and brush and removing that and the rocks4 ,after much of the baggage had been taken down the mountain one way by pack animals1 long ropes and guy-ropes were attached to the wagons and the descent with them began by another way4 ,the wagons were lowered for a distance of half a mile or so1 men standing as best they could on the mountain side1 letting the vehicle down gradually1 then holding it till other men could get a fresh footing and lower it still further4 ,thus one by one the wagons were let down in safety1 all but one4 ,by some mishap that got adrift from the men1 and to save their lives they had to let it go until there was nothing of it but scrap-iron and kindling-wood4 ,as there was already an abundance of the latter around us1 no one was desirous of descending to the rugged depths of the ravine to secure even a relic of that terrible descent4 ,it was thought by our commander and guides that it would require from six to eight days to make the descent1 but thanks to the tact and skill of some of our men who had been accustomed to frontier life1 the work was done in two days1 and we were again where the wagons could stand on partially level ground4 ,in a very brief space of time we found ourselves plunged into a warm climate1 where we could not see any plant or shrub that we had been acquainted with before4 ,there was some small1 scrubby ash1 sycamore and black walnut1 but everything1 even to the rocks1 had a strange appearance4 ,we also had entered the land of wild horses and cattle1 which roamed the hills by thousands4 ,the wild cattle became excited at the rumbling wagons1 and gathered thickly along our way4 ,at last the muskets commenced to rattle1 partly through fear1 and partly because we wanted beef4 ,finally a herd of wild cattle charged our line1 tossed some men into the air1 pierced others with their horns1 knocking some down1 and ran over others1 attacking one light wagon1 the hind end of which was lifted clear from the road4 ,one large bull plunged into a six-mule team1 ran his head under the off-swing mule1 throwing him entirely over the near one and thrusting his horn into the mule's vitals1 injuring our animal so it had to be left on the ground1 where it expired in a few minutes4 ,there were several men and mules roughly used and bruised1 just the number ,i do not now recall4 ,the attacking party lost twenty or twenty-five of their number killed1 with many others badly or slightly wounded4 ,we had plenty of beef for a few days1 and might have secured much more4 ,i never understood the reason why we were not allowed to lay by and jerk an abundance of meat for the subsequent use of the command1 but the stop was not permitted4 ,many of the men felt greatly disappointed and indignant because we were denied the privilege of availing ourselves of this splendid opportunity of replenishing our scanty rations4 ,we were half starving at the time1 and perhaps if we had been allowed to lay by a few days we would have gorged ourselves to our injury4 ,it may be that would have been more serious than to have stormed1 as some did1 at being ordered to march on4 ,it is possible this was the view taken by our commander1 though we never knew4 ,continuing our advance to lower levels1 the climate was mild and pleasant4 ,our course was northwesterly until we passed a deserted ranch called ,san ,bernardino1 in what is now ,arizona1 and followed down the ,san ,pedro ,river4 ,i think this was the south fork of the ,gila ,river4 ,there was some good country along this lovely stream4 ,it was there we first saw the mescal and mesquit1 the former being the plant from which the ,mexicans distil their whisky 7pulque71 the latter a tree somewhat resembling the black locust1 but growing with a very spreading habit1 making it difficult to travel among4 ,in many places it had to be cut down and cleared away before we could proceed4 ,there was another scrubby tree-growth which the ,spaniards call chapparal4 ,this brush grew very thick in places1 so that in cutting it away travel became very tedious4 ,here the guides told ,colonel ,cooke that if we followed along the stream it would be a hundred miles farther than if we cut across the bend1 but if we took the latter route we would have to pass through a ,mexican fortified town1 where a body of soldiers had been left to guard it as an outpost4 ,at that time it was impossible for us to learn the strength of the place2 but it was thought that we might get some supplies of provisions and some animals4 ,at the same time there was considerable risk that we would have to fight1 and perhaps get defeated1 in which case it would be not only a loss of property but of life as well4 ,on ,december #ab and #ac we followed down the ,san ,pedro1 our course being nearly due north1 near the base of a mountain extending towards the ,gila ,river4 ,the guide1 ,leroux1 with others1 returned from an exploration of the table-land to the west1 leading to ,tucson4 ,they found a party of ,apache ,indians and some ,mexicans distilling mescal1 and learned from them that the ,mexican garrison at ,tucson numbered about two hundred men4 ,the interpreter with the guides1 ,dr4 ,foster1 had thought it proper to go to ,tucson1 and ,leroux told the ,mexicans to inform the commander at ,tucson that an ,american army was approaching en route to ,california2 that the advance guard numbered about three hundred and sixty men1 and if it stopped to drill it would give time for the main army to come up2 that the strength of the main army could be judged by the size of its vanguard2 and that if ,foster did not rejoin the advance guard by a given time it would be understood that he was a prisoner at ,tucson4 ,upon learning what had been done and said1 ,colonel ,cooke issued the following order3 ,headquarters ,mormon ,battalion1 ,camp on the ,san ,pedro1 ,dec4 #ac1 #ahdf4 ,thus far on our course to ,california we have followed the guides furnished us by the general4 ,these guides now point to ,tucson1 a garrison town1 as on our road1 and assert that any other course is one hundred miles out of the way1 and over a trackless wilderness of mountains1 rivers and hills4 ,we will march then to ,tucson4 ,we came not to make war on ,sonora1 and less still to destroy an important outpost of defense against ,indians4 ,but we will take the straight road before us and overcome all resistance1 but shall ,i remind you that the ,american soldier ever shows justice and kindness to the unarmed and unresisting8 ,the property of individuals you will hold sacred2 the people of ,sonora are not our enemies4 ,by order of ,lieutenant ,colonel ,cooke4 ,p4 ,c4 ,merrill1 ,adjutant4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,on ,,the ,,trail ,,to ,,tucson--,,excitement ,,in ,,the ,,town--,,meet ,,mexican ,,soldiers--,,our ,,numbers ,,overrated ,,by ,,the ,,indians--,,mexican ,,commander ,,under ,,orders ,,to ,,oppose ,,us--,,colonel ,,cooke ,,announces ,,his ,,wish ,,to ,,pass ,,on ,,without ,,hostilities--,,arrest ,,of ,,corporal ,,cassaduran1 ,,son ,,of ,,the ,,mexican ,,commander ,,at ,,tucson1 ,,and ,,other ,,mexicans ,,who ,,are ,,held ,,as ,,hostages ,,for ,,the ,,return ,,of ,,our ,,interpreter--,,the ,,interpreter ,,is ,,liberated--,,an ,,armistice ,,proposed--,,surrender ,,of ,,tucson ,,demanded--,,mexican ,,prisoners ,,released--,,surrender ,,is ,,refused--,,colonel ,,cooke ,,orders ,,the ,,battalion ,,to ,,prepare ,,for ,,battle--,,advance ,,toward ,,the ,,town--,,flight ,,of ,,the ,,mexicans--,,at ,,the ,,gates ,,of ,,tucson--,,our ,,line ,,of ,,battle--,,address ,,by ,,colonel ,,cooke--,,we ,,enter ,,the ,,town1 ,,and ,,pass ,,through ,,to ,,camp--,,purchases ,,of ,,wheat1 ,,corn1 ,,etc4--,,the ,,battalion ,,nearly ,,starved--,,night ,,alarm ,,of ,a ,,mexican ,,attack--,,difficulties ,,of ,,getting ,,into ,,line--,,no ,,enemy ,,in ,,sight--,,start ,,across ,,the ,,gila ,,desert--,,agony ,,on ,,the ,,burning ,,sands ,,and ,,alkali ,,flat---,,strengthened ,,by ,,the ,,divine ,,blessing--,,reach ,,the ,,gila ,,river4 ,,on the #adth the battalion ascended to the plateau1 traveling up hill for eight or nine miles1 when it struck the trail leading to ,tucson4 ,colonel ,cooke selected fifty men1 with whom he pushed forward4 ,passing the vanguard1 he soon reached water1 where he found four or five ,mexican soldiers cutting grass4 ,their arms and saddles were on their horses near by1 easily accessible to our men4 ,but these had no wish to molest them1 and the ,mexicans appeared to pay little attention to us4 ,the colonel learned from a ,mexican sergeant that rumors of a large force of ,american troops coming had reached ,tucson1 and great excitement prevailed in the town4 ,of course the colonel1 who was possessed of generalship as well as a stern sense of discipline1 took no pains to disabuse the ,mexicans' minds1 and thus possibly expose our little army to unnecessary peril4 ,indians who had seen us from a distance had overestimated largely our numbers1 and thus served to impress the people of ,sonora with the accuracy of the statement made by the guides4 ,the colonel also learned from the ,mexican sergeant that the commander of the garrison had orders from the governor not to allow any armed force to pass through the town without resistance4 ,a message was therefore sent to the commander by this same sergeant1 saying that the people need not be alarmed1 as we were their friends and would do them no harm1 as we wished merely to purchase supplies and pass on4 ,the next day we traveled about twelve miles1 passing a distillery1 and camped without water4 ,the battalion marched in front of the wagons1 to protect the provisions4 ,here a new 7to us7 species of cactus proved very troublesome4 ,it was jointed1 and when an animal rubbed against the thorns it broke loose at the joints1 and sections about three inches long would stick fast to the animal4 ,the same variety of cactus is found in southern ,utah4 ,this day a corporal1 the son of ,cassaduran1 commander of the ,mexican post at ,tucson1 and three ,mexican soldiers were met with4 ,they showed no signs of fear until ,colonel ,cooke ordered them arrested1 when they seemed terribly frightened4 ,on arriving at our camp1 the corporal was questioned by the commander as to ,dr4 ,foster4 ,he said 7and it proved to be true7 that ,foster was under guard1 but had been requested earnestly to come with them1 and had refused4 ,he had feigned indignation at being arrested1 lest the ,mexicans should be suspicious as to our numbers and should get reinforcements and fight us4 ,as he anticipated1 his conduct inspired them with terror4 ,one of the ,mexican prisoners was released and sent to the garrison with two of the guides1 one of whom took a note to the commander of the post1 demanding ,foster's release and stating that the other three ,mexicans were held as hostages4 ,about midnight1 ,dr4 ,foster was brought into camp by two officers1 one of whom was authorized to arrange a special armistice4 ,colonel ,cooke sent a proposition to the ,mexican commander that he deliver up a few arms as a guaranty of surrender1 and that the inhabitants of ,tucson would not fight against the ,united ,states1 unless released as prisoners of war4 ,the ,mexican prisoners also were released4 ,our camp at this time was about sixteen miles from ,tucson2 and on our advance the following day1 when a few miles out1 a cavalryman met us with a note from ,captain ,cassaduran1 declining the proposition to surrender4 ,we were thereupon ordered to load our muskets and prepare for an engagement4 ,we had not traveled far1 however1 before two other ,mexicans met us1 with the news that the garrison at ,tucson had fled1 and had forced most of the inhabitants to leave the town4 ,they also had taken two brass pieces of artillery with them4 ,a little later in the day1 about a dozen well armed men1 probably soldiers in citizens' dress1 met and accompanied the battalion to ,tucson4 ,but before passing through the gates a halt was ordered4 ,that morning1 when we were striking camp for the march into ,tucson1 ,dr4 ,sanderson opened up again by remarking that every d--d man who could stand alone ought to fall into line4 ,our first move was to form ranks with everything in proper order to make an assault or receive a charge4 ,then we moved out in line of battle4 ,when within three or four miles of the fort a stop was made1 we were faced to the right1 and the command came to forward march1 double-quick time4 ,at that the whole column moved on a smart trot4 ,some of us1 at least1 thought we were advancing upon an enemy that had been discovered by the commander2 but when we had gone pell-mell over cobblerock and gullies1 through brush and cactus1 for a distance of nearly three quarters of a mile1 we received the command to halt4 ,then came orders to left face1 file left1 march4 ,this move brought us back into the road1 where we filed to the right and marched on to the fort4 ,at the gates of the fort4 ,colonel ,cooke made a brief speech1 stating that the soldiers and citizens had fled1 leaving their property behind and in our power2 that we had not come to make war on ,sonora2 and that there must not be any interference with the private property of the citizens4 ,we then marched through the town1 where a few aged men and women and some children brought us water and other small tokens of respect4 ,we made no halt in the village1 which had contained some four or five hundred inhabitants1 of which number all but about a hundred had fled4 ,our stop was made about half a mile down stream from the place4 ,in the town we made purchases of wheat1 corn1 beans and peas1 which we parched or boiled4 ,we were so near starved that we could not wait for this food to be more than half cooked before we ate it4 ,there was no general supply purchased at ,tucson1 but each man or mess obtained as much as could be with the scanty means on hand4 ,on the night of ,december #ag1 ,albern ,allen and his son ,rufus ,c4 ,allen had been placed on picket guard above ,tucson1 with orders that if any body of men1 say ten or more1 appeared1 an alarm was to be fired1 and the guards were to run into camp4 ,sometime between midnight and two o'clock a body of ,mexicans put in an appearance1 and the alarm was given as ordered4 ,the bugle sounded at the colonel's quarters1 and soon ,lieutenant ,george ,oman1 who was officer of the day1 rushed through the camp1 shouting1 ,beat that drum2 if you cannot beat the drum1 beat the fife6 ,the drum-major1 ,r4 ,d4 ,sprague1 obeyed the order1 and hit the drum4 ,immediately the stern voice of the colonel shouted to cease that music4 ,in less time than it takes to tell it1 lights sprang up through the camp4 ,then came the sharp command from the colonel1 ,dust those fires6 and the flames went out2 the adjutant rushed through the camp with orders to the officers to form their companies into line1 the men were commanded to fall in1 and all was rustle and bustle4 ,the writer had been up relieving his stomach of half-boiled wheat1 corn and peas1 and had just got settled back in bed when the alarm was fired1 so he heard all that was going on4 ,as we all slept in our pantaloons1 the first thing ,i thought of in that country of prickly pears was my boots2 and while reaching for these and bumping heads with comrades1 some of the men whose muskets were used for uprights for the tent thought these the first articles in the emergency and seized them1 the tent coming down and the ridge-pole making another bump on heads4 ,at the same time we were all trapped in the fallen tent1 which was pinned down tight4 ,i was trying to get the left boot on the right foot1 and my footwear being rather small ,i had no easy job4 ,all being caught in the tent-trap1 the thought came how easy it would be for a body of ,mexican cavalry in a charge to cut us to pieces1 and we soon burst through the tent and fell into line4 ,for the first time in the whole march the writer brought up the rear in getting to his place1 and received a rebuke from the officer in command1 ,george ,p4 ,dykes4 ,right here1 however1 in that brief experience1 ,i learned a lesson ,i have never forgotten1 namely1 order in dressing and undressing4 ,we had been in the habit of putting our clothing anywhere and each throwing his on top of another's1 if convenience appeared to suggest it1 so that in the dark it was difficult for each to get into his own raiment4 ,i realized then how important it was to have a place for everything and everything in its place2 hence to put every article of wearing apparel down so that in the darkest hour of night ,i knew where to place my hand on it1 and when armed always to have my weapons in the best possible order and where the hand might be laid on them without any mistakes4 ,notwithstanding all the confusion1 it seemed to me we were in line of battle in very short order1 awaiting an attack of ,mexican cavalry4 ,there was a few minutes' breathless silence after we were ready for the assault1 and no enemy appearing1 reconnoitering parties were sent out to ascertain the true situation4 ,we were held in readiness an hour or more1 then learning that everything was quiet1 were permitted to retire to our tents1 but not without some apprehension of danger until the dawn of day1 which came bright and peaceful1 and we began our march out on what was known as the ,ninety-five ,mile ,desert1 which lay between us and the ,gila ,river4 ,after the first day's march on that awful stretch of barren waste1 we began to straggle along1 and before the ,gila was reached the command was scattered along on the clay beds and sand strips for twenty miles4 ,we traveled night and day1 not stopping at any one place more than six hours4 ,the command was in a most deplorable condition on this journey4 ,many were the men that lay down by the wayside without a hope that they would live to reach water1 and often thinking that they were behind the command4 ,but after they had rested for a few hours and perhaps dozed long enough to dream that they died on the desert1 and that the wolves that were howling around were dragging their emaciated carcasses over the sands or perchance in the alkali pools1 so strongly impregnated with poisonous stuff that it would consume1 in a short time1 the flesh if not the bones also1 then the thought of home and loved ones would come2 and what was sometimes last1 though not the least1 would be the memory of the promises which the servants of ,god had made when we left the dear ones of home4 ,then the worn and weary soldier would stagger to his feet1 survey the surroundings1 and perhaps would catch sight1 in the distance1 of some comrade who was staggering and reeling onward toward the setting sun1 and would follow in his path4 ,so the almost dead soldier would go on1 his feet playing pit-a-pat as they dragged past each other1 until his limbs would refuse to carry him farther1 and down he would go and repeat the agonizing experience of a few hours previous4 ,he would also chew a buckshot or two to induce moisture in his parching tongue1 and would offer an earnest prayer from his humble soul--a further exertion which he would not have brought his wearied mind to do if it had not been for the confidence he placed in the promises of ,god1 made through ,his faithful servants4 ,thus1 dear reader1 the renowned ,mormon ,battalion passed forward across the great ,gila ,desert1 almost without a human reason to hope that they would reach the goal1 and only able to accomplish their aim through divine grace4 ,when they succeeded in reaching the banks of the river1 their clothes were so tattered and torn that it was with difficulty they could cover their nakedness4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,on ,,the ,,gila ,,river--,,pima ,,indian ,,village--,,welcome ,,gifts ,,from ,,the ,,pimas--,,among ,,the ,,maricopa ,,indians--,,asleep ,,on ,,the ,,trail--,,visit ,,prom ,a ,,bear--,,loss ,,of ,,provisions ,,through ,,an ,,attempt ,,to ,,float ,a ,,quantity ,,down ,,the ,,gila--,,hard ,,traveling--,,crossing ,,the ,,colorado ,,river--,,gloom ,,in ,,the ,,camp--,,lower ,,and ,,upper ,,california--,,terrible ,,march ,,over ,,the ,,tierra ,,caliente1 ,,or ,,hot ,,lands--,,digging ,,wells ,,for ,,brackish ,,water--,,advance ,,guard ,,reach ,a ,,mountain ,,spring--,,water ,,carried ,,back ,,to ,,revive ,,the ,,fainting ,,troops--,,last ,,spoonful ,,of ,,flour ,,used--,,dividing ,,the ,,rations--,,in ,,the ,,canyons ,,of ,,the ,,sierra ,,nevada--,,hewing ,,roads ,,through ,,rocks ,,and ,,brush--,,feeding ,,on ,,live ,,acorns ,,and ,,green ,,mustard--,,news ,,of ,,victories ,,by ,,united ,,states ,,troops ,,in ,,california--,,preparing ,,to ,,engage ,,the ,,retiring ,,mexican ,,army--,,first ,,house ,,seen ,,in ,,california--,,beef ,,without ,,salt--,,trade ,,for ,,acorn ,,mush--,,heavy ,,storm ,,and ,,flood ,,in ,,camp--,a ,,few ,,pounds ,,of ,,flour ,,secured--,,dancing ,,in ,,mud ,,and ,,water--,,receive ,,orders ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,los ,,angeles--,,discover ,a ,,body ,,of ,,troops ,,in ,,line ,,of ,,battle--,,advance ,,to ,,the ,,attack--,,supposed ,,foe ,,proves ,,to ,,be ,,friendly ,,indians--,,presence ,,of ,,the ,,mormon ,,battalion ,,prevents ,,an ,,intended ,,attempt ,,by ,,mexicans ,,to ,,retake ,,california1 ,,also ,,an ,,uprising ,,of ,,californians ,,against ,,the ,,united ,,states--,,on ,a ,,battlefield ,,where ,,general ,,kearney ,,had ,,fought--,,relics ,,of ,,the ,,encounter--,,prophecy ,,of ,,president ,,brigham ,,young ,,and ,,its ,,fulfillment--,,source ,,of ,,his ,,inspiration4 ,,where we reached the ,gila ,river it was a lovely stream1 four or live rods wide2 but the country was covered with alkali grass and mesquit brush4 ,we rested part of a day1 then proceeded down the river eight or ten miles1 coming to a ,pima ,indian village4 ,the ,pima ,indians were superior to any that we had fallen in with heretofore4 ,they were an agricultural people1 peacefully inclined1 and kind and loving toward each other4 ,those in the village appeared the picture of good health4 ,they came and went by twos1 the males and females keeping each sex1 to themselves4 ,they seemed the most affectionate people ,i had ever met2 happy and innocent in appearance--a large and handsome class of persons4 ,each ,indian was wrapped in a large home-made blanket4 ,the ,pimas had corn1 wheat1 pumpkins1 beans1 and1 ,i think1 peas4 ,some of the ,indians noted our wretched and starved condition1 and cut up a lot of pumpkins--as we cut them for cows4 ,these they boiled1 and handed to the soldiers as the latter passed by and took the proffered food in anything they could get to hold the steaming hot vegetables4 ,the men were indeed thankful for these favors1 although they came from ,indians4 ,it was between the #bjth and #beth of ,december when we left the ,pima ,indian village1 and passed down the ,gila ,river to a broad1 open1 fertile valley in the ,maricopa ,indian country4 ,at the ,maricopa ,indian villages we met many fine specimens of the native inhabitants4 ,we traded brass buttons for food4 ,one brass button had more purchasing power than a five dollar gold piece4 ,it was some five or six days before we passed out of the ,maricopas' farming country4 ,there was a large bend in the river1 and we traveled three days over a rough1 sandy country before we came to the stream again4 ,on this march we camped without water4 ,the writer was one of those who stood guard around the stock4 ,the feed was so scarce that we were kept running all night4 ,i was so completely worn out next day that at about eleven a4m4 ,i sought rest by dropping out of the command and hiding from the rearguard behind a clump of brush that grew on a sand knoll4 ,no sooner had ,i laid down than ,i fell into a sound slumber1 oblivious to all danger4 ,when the writer awakened from that sleep the rearguard had passed on long before2 the sun had changed position so that the drowsy soldier felt perfectly lost1 but gradually he came to realize that it was three or four o'clock p4m4 ,some six or eight feet from where he had been lying he found fresh bear tracks1 telling him of the wild beast that had been viewing him while wrapt in slumber4 ,he hurried forward on the trail1 and reached camp just as the night guards were being posted and his comrades were becoming greatly concerned for his safety4 ,our route lay down the river1 through deep sand and mesquit brush1 where we had not only to chop and clear away the brush1 but had to push and pull the wagons until our souls as well as our bodies were worn out4 ,we gathered mesquit and a kind of pod to feed our mules4 ,we were six days traveling sixty miles1 to the crossing of the ,colorado ,river1 or ,red ,river1 as it was called by some4 ,the reader will not wonder that on reaching this point a mountain of gloom rested upon the whole command1 causing the men almost to despair as they1 on the #ajth day of ,january1 #ahdg1 stood on the banks of the swift-flowing ,colorado--the stream being half a mile wide at that place--with no alternative but to wade across1 pulling and pushing at the wagons1 then to cut and burn their way out1 through the thick brush on the bottom land1 to the bench or bluff that opened out on a barren desert1 known to the ,mexicans as ,tierra ,caliente1 or the ,hot ,lands4 ,now the command entered upon another soul-trying march4 ,the route from the crossing of the ,colorado was over the northeast corner of ,lower ,california1 some sixty miles above the ,gulf of ,california1 then into the south-eastern part of ,upper ,california4 ,the stronger men1 with a little extra ration1 preceded the main army1 to dig wells in the desert4 ,no sooner was the almost hopeless march commenced than men began to lag behind1 so that when the advance guard came to a halt at any part of the journey1 others were miles behind4 ,the first day we came to a well that ,general ,phil4 ,kearney and his men had dug1 but it had caved in so badly that it was almost as much work to clean it as to dig a new one2 and when it was cleaned1 our men dug another4 ,the water was scant and brackish4 ,we remained at that point only until the rear of the command caught up1 then proceeded on our way1 stopping but a short time in any one place1 until we reached ,cariza1 a splendid spring near the base of the ,sierra ,nevada range of mountains4 ,the first men to reach water filled kegs and canteens1 lashed them to the stouter animals1 and hastened back to succor and revive the famishing men who were bringing up the rear4 ,on that terrible march many of the weaker men despaired of ever reaching water4 ,we passed several1 who1 with sunken and glazed eyes and blackened mouths and looking as ghastly as death1 stammered to us as we passed them3 ,goodby1 ,i shall never live to reach water4 ,i cannot go a step farther1 but shall die on this spot4 ,poor fellows6 ,i verily believe that if they had not been resuscitated by the water that was carried back1 their words would have been painfully true before the rising of another sun4 ,if it had not been for some fresh mules and beef cattle that we met on this tedious march1 we never could have got through with the wagons1 and possibly would have lost some men1 as our flour had given out and we were reduced so near to starvation as to eat every particle of the worn-out beef ox2 even the tender part of the horns and hoofs1 and the intestines1 were broiled on the coals and eaten1 without water to wash them4 ,in our mess1 the last spoonful of flour was made into a thin gravy by stirring it into some water where some of our glue-like beef had been boiled4 ,this so-called gravy was divided among the men by spoonfuls1 then the pan was scraped with a table knife and wiped into a spoon1 and with the point of the same knife it was divided into seven parts4 ,each man watched the division2 and ,i do not believe there was one man out of the seven but would have fought for his share of that spoonful of pan-scrapings4 ,nor do ,i believe there was one of them who would have robbed his comrades4 ,for the last three or four hundred miles we had been in the habit of cooking the food1 and dividing it into seven equal parts4 ,then one man would turn his back1 and the cook or the one who made the division would touch each morsel and say1 ,who shall have that8 whereupon the one whose back was turned would say1 so and so1 calling each messmate by name1 until all had been touched off1 as we used to call it4 ,from our camp at the spring we passed into the canyons of the ,sierra ,nevada4 ,the days had been excessively hot on the desert1 and it was very cold and frosty in the mountains at night4 ,we soon came to where the canyons were too narrow for our wagons2 then with crowbar and pickaxe and sledge we went at the jagged rocks until the pass was sufficiently widened1 and with our shoulders to the wheels or by tugging at ropes we got our train to the summit4 ,it was while passing through this range of mountains that we first saw live-oak acorns4 ,they were bitter as wormwood2 yet we ate considerable quantities of them1 and as we descended the western slope they became very abundant1 and served for a change4 ,as we passed down to the valleys we found green mustard1 which was boiled and eaten without pepper or salt4 ,about this time one of our guides or interpreters brought word from the governor of ,san ,diego that several battles had been fought by the ,california troops and ,united ,states forces1 and that we might meet a large ,mexican army retreating to ,sonora4 ,in consequence of receiving this news1 ,colonel ,cooke ordered a drill4 ,we had secured a few beef cattle and some fresh mules1 and with this increase of strength and the prospect of engaging the ,mexicans we were spurred on from one mountain summit to another1 pushing and pulling the wagons--a business we were well versed in1 from oft repeated lessons4 ,at ,warner's ,ranch1 we came to the first house we had seen in ,california4 ,mr4 ,warner hailed from the state of ,massachusetts4 ,from him the colonel purchased two or three fat beeves4 ,the beef was good1 yet we had nothing to eat with it1 not even pepper or salt for seasoning1 and it did not satisfy the cravings of hunger4 ,we rested a day at the ranch1 and some of us wandered off up the creek in hopes of finding wild fruit or game4 ,we came to a small camp of ,indians who were engaged in hulling and leaching live-oak acorns1 then pounding them to a pulp in stone mortars2 this was boiled to a thick mush in home-made earthen pots4 ,the writer bantered one of the old ladies for about three or four quarts of that cold-ochre mush1 by offering her the belt that held his pantaloons in place4 ,she accepted the offer1 and he1 being without proper utensil to receive his purchase1 substituted his hat for a pan1 and the mush was scooped into it4 ,then when he found himself in the dilemma of his pantaloons threatening to desert him1 he seized the alternative of holding up that portion of his attire with one hand1 and carrying his hat and its contents in the other1 and proceeded to camp1 where his purchase was divided and devoured as a sweet morsel4 ,from ,warner's ,ranch we traveled over low hills and camped on a little narrow flat between two hills4 ,in the night it came on to rain terribly1 and the flat was so flooded that we awoke to find ourselves half-side deep in water4 ,at dawn one of the boys crawled out of the water and wet blankets1 and crowed2 for he had learned that the men who had been sent back to recover some flour which had been left in the boat had come in with about four hundred pounds4 ,soon every man in camp had heard the glad tidings of the arrival of this expedition1 about which there had been much anxiety4 ,in a short time the writer was called on by the orderly sergeant of his company1 ,d1 to go with him and receive the portion of flour to be issued to the company4 ,at the door of the tent where the flour was being divided we met ,col4 ,cooke1 who was sitting with his head down1 as if in deep study4 ,some of the boys had found a riddle that had fared better than its owner1 and near by one of them struck up the tune of ,leather ,breeches ,full of ,stitches1 or some similar lively air4 ,immediately a number of men formed a couple of ,french fours and began dancing in water half to their shoe tops4 ,the colonel caught the sound1 started up1 and inquired what it was4 ,some one replied1 ,oh1 nothing1 only the boys are dancing and making merry over the prospect of getting a little flour4 ,the colonel shrugged his shoulders and remarked1 ,i never saw such a d--d set of men before in my life4 ,if they can get out somewhere so they can dry their clothes and have a little flour they will be as happy as gods6 ,doubtless the colonel could call to mind often having seen us stagger into camp1 and perhaps could remember a dozen or so of us rush to where his mule was being fed corn mixed with beans1 which the well-fed mule would object to by throwing his head first one way1 then the other1 scattering the half-chewed corn and beans in the sand1 where the hungry soldiers would pick it from1 rub it in their hands1 and eat it raw2 for to the famishing soldier beans are not so objectionable4 ,i am reminded at this point in my narrative that three croaking ravens had followed the command nearly all the way from ,santa ,fe1 for the bits that escaped the soldier's eye4 ,surely if it had not been for the ravens' keener vision they would have left in disgust1 and would have given us a very hard name4 ,even the wolf might have told his fellows not to follow such a greedy lot1 which did not leave a bone till it was pounded and boiled and re-boiled till it could not be scented1 and if perchance a bit was found it was too hard for even wolves' teeth4 ,from this camp we moved to the west under orders from ,general ,kearney to go to ,los ,angeles4 ,while on the march toward that point1 just as we emerged from a canyon1 we heard the drum and fife in an open valley4 ,soon we saw a military force forming in line of battle1 and as we drew nearer we discovered their spears or lances gleaming in the sunlight1 and officers dashing up and down the lines giving commands4 ,our advance guard slowed up1 and we were ordered to form in line of battle4 ,every officer took his place1 the command dressed in proper order1 and1 as we advanced1 comrades looked into each other's faces as if to say1 ,how do you feel about it8 ,one asked ,alexander ,stephens the question1 and received a prompt reply1 ,first-rate4 ,i had as lief go into battle as not4 ,if we must die1 the sooner the better1 for it seems that we must be worn till we starve and die anyhow4 ,i do not fear death a particle4 ,others were heard to say as much1 and although the ashy look of death shone in many faces1 from the privations undergone1 ,i do not think there was a tremor in any heart1 or a single man who showed the white feather4 ,as we drew near the force in our path1 there was a dead silence1 as if awaiting the order to wheel into line and open fire1 for we were within rifle range4 ,just then two of the opposite party came out on horseback to meet us4 ,the colonel sent two of our interpreters forward1 and the command was halted4 ,soon our guides returned and stated that the supposed foe was a band of ,indians which had had a battle with ,mexicans in the vicinity a few days before1 and the ,indians had returned to bury their dead4 ,they had taken us for enemies1 but their fears were turned into joy on discovering that we were ,american soldiers4 ,with all our bravery1 there was a sigh of relief when we heard the news that our supposed enemies were friends4 ,it was now late in the day4 and both parties went into camp within a short distance of each other4 ,friendly visits back and forth were made that evening4 ,the ,indians were dressed in ,spanish costume and were armed the same as the ,mexicans2 as ,i remember them they displayed bravery1 and some skill in ,mexican military tactics4 ,next day we proceeded on our way1 and passed down a dry wash1 the bottom of which was mostly lined with a whitish cobblestone1 upon which the feet of some comrade showed blood at every step for a hundred yards or more4 ,i cannot now recall the man's name4 ,we continued our march from that place1 and afterwards learned that the ,mexicans had intended to make an effort to regain ,california1 but the timely arrival of the battalion prevented any attempt to execute the movement4 ,so far as ,i can remember1 it was between ,january #bc and #bg1 #ahdg1 that we passed over a battlefield where ,general ,kearney and his little command had fought and beaten the ,mexicans4 ,there lay broken swords and firearms1 and dead horses and mules2 and there also were the graves of the slain1 while all around the blood-stained soil was plainly within our view1 fixing the scene upon our memory4 ,here came to our minds the words of ,president ,brigham ,young1 in his farewell address to the battalion1 in which he said3 ,you are now going into an enemy's land at your country's call4 ,if you will live your religion1 obey and respect your officers1 and hold sacred the property of the people among whom you travel1 and never take anything but what you pay for1 ,i promise you in the name of ,israel's ,god that not one of you shall fall by the hand of an enemy4 ,though there will be battles fought in your front and in your rear1 on your right hand and on your left1 you will not have any fighting to do except with wild beasts4 ,here ,i pause and ask3 ,who on earth dare to make1 of himself1 such a promise1 under the circumstances and in the name that this promise had been made8 ,and yet over three hundred men who heard it could stand up after they had filled the time of their enlistment1 and before high heaven and all the world could bear testimony to the literal fulfillment of those words spoken eight months before1 in the camp in ,missouri ,valley1 two thousand miles distant4 ,i ask the honest reader3 ,from whence came such foresight1 if not from the ,eternal ,god1 the ,creator of the heavens and the earth1 and all things therein8 ,to ,him we ascribe all honor and glory1 power and praise1 for our success in that great1 wonderful and unparalleled march of twenty-five hundred miles made by infantry4 ,who shall say that ,god had not made bare ,his arm in support of that ever memorable ,mormon ,battalion8 ,but as yet the whole task of the battalion had not been completed4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,ordered ,,to ,,san ,,diego--,,first ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,pacific ,,ocean--,,rumors ,,of ,,the ,,enemy--,,complimentary ,,order1 ,,by ,,lieut4 ,,col4 ,,cooke1 ,,on ,,the ,,achievements ,,of ,,the ,,mormon ,,battalion--,,reported ,,hostility ,,of ,,col4 ,,fremont ,,to ,,gen4 ,,kearney--,,living ,,on ,,beef ,,alone--,,obtain ,,some ,,flour--,,routine ,,of ,,the ,,camp--,,ordered ,,to ,,los ,,angeles--,,damage ,,by ,,an ,,earthquake--,,wild ,,horses ,,and ,,cattle ,,driven ,,into ,,the ,,sea--,,arrival ,,at ,,los ,,angeles--,,rumors ,,of ,,an ,,attack--,,constructing ,a ,,fort--,,guarding ,,cajon ,,pass--,,surrounded ,,by ,,wild ,,cattle--,,take ,,refuge ,,in ,a ,,ravine--,,col4 ,,fremont ,,arrested--,,site ,,of ,,san ,,bernardino--,,getting ,,out ,a ,,liberty ,,pole--,,brush ,,with ,,the ,,indians--,,clearing ,,los ,,angeles ,,of ,,dogs--,,wickedness ,,in ,,the ,,town--,,brutality ,,of ,,bull ,,fights1 ,,horse ,,racing1 ,,etc4--,,always ,,ready ,,for ,,an ,,attack--,,first ,,raising ,,of ,,the ,,stars ,,and ,,stripes ,,on ,a ,,liberty ,,pole ,,in ,,california4 ,,orders had been received changing our destination from ,los ,angeles to ,san ,diego1 passing by way of the ,mission ,san ,luis del ,rey4 ,when we reached the ,san ,diego ,mission we passed it by and camped between it and the town4 ,it was en route to this place that we came in sight of the waters of the great ,pacific ,ocean1 a view that was most pleasurable to us1 and which we hailed with shouts of joy1 as we felt that our long march of starvation was about over4 ,we were now drawing five pounds of fair beef1 without salt or pepper4 ,another day's march1 and we had completed the journey over the nation's highway across the continent4 ,we were allowed one day at ,san ,diego1 when we were ordered back to the ,san ,luis del ,rey ,mission4 ,there was some disappointment1 but the order to return was obeyed without murmuring4 ,it was thought we would meet the enemy1 as it was said there was a force of about eighteen hundred ,californians1 under ,general ,flores1 lurking in the mountains northwest of ,san ,luis del ,rey ,mission1 but we did not see them4 ,at the ,mission we were required to do fatigue duty1 as it was called1 which included cleaning up the place1 it having been neglected a long time4 ,at this place the following was issued by ,col4 ,cooke3 ,,headquarters1 ,,mission ,,of ,,san ,,diego1 ,january #cj1 #ahdg4 ,lieutenant ,colonel commanding congratulates the battalion on its safe arrival on the shores of the ,pacific ,ocean1 and the conclusion of its march of over two thousand miles4 ,history may be searched in vain for an equal march of infantry2 nine-tenths of it through a wilderness1 where nothing but savages and wild beasts are found1 or deserts where1 for want of water1 there is no living creature4 ,there1 with almost hopeless labor1 we have dug deep wells1 which the future traveler will enjoy4 ,without a guide who had traversed them1 we have ventured into trackless prairies1 where water was not found for several marches4 ,with crowbar and pickaxe in hand1 we have worked our way over mountains1 which seemed to defy aught save the wild goat1 and hewed a passage through a chasm of living rock more narrow than our wagons4 ,to bring these first wagons to the ,pacific1 we have preserved the strength of the mules by herding them over large tracts1 which you have laboriously guarded without loss4 ,the garrison of four presidios of ,sonora1 concentrated within the walls of ,tucson1 gave us no pause2 we drove them out with their artillery2 but our intercourse with the citizens was unmarked by a single act of injustice4 ,thus marching1 half naked and half fed1 and living upon wild animals1 we have discovered and made a road of great value to our country4 ,arrived at the first settlement of ,california1 after a single day's rest1 you cheerfully turned off from the route to this point of promised repose1 to enter upon a campaign1 and meet1 as we believed1 the approach of the enemy2 and this1 too1 without even salt to season your sole subsistence of fresh meat4 ,lieutenants ,a4,j4 ,smith and ,george ,stoneman of the ,first ,dragoons1 have shared and given valuable aid in all these labors4 ,thus1 volunteers1 you have exhibited some high and essential qualities of veterans4 ,but much remains undone4 ,soon you will turn your strict attention to the drill1 to system and order1 to forms also1 which are all necessary to the soldier4 ,by order of ,lieutenant-,colonel ,p4 ,st4 ,george ,cooke4 ,signed4 ,p4 ,c4 ,merrill1 ,adjutant4 ,it is stated by ,sergeant ,daniel ,tyler1 in his ,history of the ,mormon ,battalion1 that ,february #dth was the date of the reading of the order4 ,its spirit and tone were an agreeable surprise to us1 as the general tenor of the colonel's course had been so different1 apparently1 that we did not look for him to do the battalion justice4 ,yet if he had been less stern and decisive1 it would have been worse for us4 ,we had stern realities to deal with1 consequently like means were necessary to overcome the obstacles we had to contend with4 ,it required push and vim to enable the battalion to perform the heroic deeds demanded of it1 and a sympathy that would have caused the men to shrink back instead of seeing that every one stood to his post of duty would have been a fatal error4 ,after all1 ,col4 ,p4 ,st4 ,george ,cooke was a good military commander1 maintaining excellent military discipline2 and for one the writer feels to say1 ,peaceful be his sleep4 ,it was about the #dth or #eth of ,february when we got back to the mission1 and the order given1 with others1 was made known4 ,the other orders included such directions as to trim the hair so that none came below the tip of the ear1 and shave the beard all but the mustache4 ,we were informed that we had no right to think in acting for ourselves--that the government paid men to think for us1 and it was our duty to obey orders4 ,we were allowed very little time in which to wash our rags and hunt down the insects that had waged a continuous warfare on us all the way from ,albuquerque or the ,rio ,grande del ,norte to the coast2 yet we turned on the creeping foe1 and never relented till we routed him1 nor showed any quarter till the last one was gone4 ,we also had to repel an attack from the nimble flea in great numbers1 in which we realized that this impudent insect did not care where he hit4 ,while we were still living on beef alone1 without pepper or salt1 we were ordered out on squad drill1 which seemed to continue about eight hours per day4 ,the reason given for this was the supposed threatened attack from eight hundred ,californians in the mountains2 and further1 the rumors that ,col4 ,john ,c4 ,fremont1 with eight hundred or a thousand men1 claimed it was his right1 and not ,gen4 ,kearney's1 to dictate to the ,united ,states forces in ,california4 ,in fact1 it was reported that ,col4 ,fremont was in open hostility to ,gen4 ,kearney1 who was military governor of ,california by orders from ,washington4 ,under these circumstances1 we were kept in constant readiness1 not knowing the moment we would be called into active service4 ,our training daily was one hour for each pound of beef issued1 the beef costing less than a cent a pound to the government4 ,sergeant ,tyler says our rations were five pounds a day1 and ,i say it was not half enough1 for we were ravenously hungry all the time4 ,if the reader doubts this1 let him try the ration for a little while1 and doubt will disappear4 ,about ,february #be we obtained bolted flour and some other supplies of provisions that had been brought from the ,sandwich ,islands1 by ,major ,sward1 to ,san ,diego1 and thence to ,san ,luis del ,rey by mule team4 ,in the meantime we had received a small amount of unbolted flour1 brought by ,lieutenant ,oman and a small detachment of the battalion sent out for the purpose4 ,then the beef rations were reduced2 so that during the whole twelve months' service we did not once have issued to us the full rations allowed by the government to the ,american soldier--if we had full rations in one thing1 another was lacking4 ,either the government made a great saving from regulations in feeding us1 or a steal put money into some contractors' pockets4 ,day after day the duties of soldier were performed1 drilling1 out on detached duty1 or marching here1 there and everywhere1 early and late1 by day and by night1 just to suit the fancy of some of our officers1 and not always upon real occasion for the movements4 ,it would seem that in many respects the soldier's life is much like a faithful wife's2 and in others much unlike a woman's work4 ,like hers1 in that the task seems never done1 busy all day and up at every hour of night in response to calls of first one child1 then another1 or even to the exploits of some mischievous cat1 her rest broken and her life worn away2 unlike hers1 in that she usually has a dry shelter1 regular meals1 and a place to lie down when she can rest1 while the soldier in time of war never knows where he will make his bed at night1 often is without food and drink1 having to move at the word of command over deserts1 rocks1 mountains1 plains and rivers--a stranger to the locality he may call his home4 ,but the toils of both are necessary1 she to rear the nation's pride and strength--a soldier in the right2 he to protect her and himself1 to defend their country's rights and avenge her wrongs4 ,returning to the narrative of garrison duty1 it appeared to me the hours of drill were more than ,sergeant ,tyler's account will admit of2 but ,i shall not dispute with him1 as ,i write from memory4 ,i do recall that roll call came at daylight1 sick call at #g3cj a4m41 breakfast call at #h3dj1 drill at #aj a4m4 and #c p4m4 roll call at sundown1 tattoo at #h3cj1 and taps at #i p4m41 after which lights must be out except in case of sickness4 ,all must be silent then1 as the men are supposed to have retired for the night4 ,on or near the #bjth of ,march1 companies ,a1 ,c1 ,d and ,e took up their journey to the ,puebla de ,los ,angeles4 ,we traveled over a hilly country1 where there were numerous herds of cattle and bands of horses4 ,in some places we passed down to and along the sandy beach around big bluffs over which1 so we were told1 the ,californians1 some years previously1 had driven thousands of horses and cattle to rid the country of them1 as they had overrun the place so that all were suffering for food4 ,this story seemed confirmed by the great amount of bones that we saw among the rocks and sands at the foot of deep declivities along the seashore4 ,on the way to ,los ,angeles we passed a stone church that had been badly shaken2 the walls had been good mason work1 but now were mostly broken down4 ,we were told that an earthquake did the damage1 and that some three hundred people had been killed4 ,on by the ,san ,gabriel ,river we went1 arriving at ,los ,angeles in about four days' march from where we had started out4 ,we marched into the main street and stacked our arms as if to say1 ,we have possession here4 ,most of the citizens stood aloof1 looking as if the cause they had supported was lost1 but soon the merchants brought out buckets of whisky and wine1 which they set before the command1 inviting us to help ourselves4 ,some accepted the invitation rather freely1 while others refrained from touching the beverages4 ,we returned to the river at night1 and camped4 ,in a day or two we were marched about two miles up the stream1 and above the town1 where we again ran out of provisions and had to go hungry2 nor did we break our fast till #aa a4m4 next day4 ,at this time the air was full of alarming rumors4 ,a revolt of ,californians was talked of2 then it was ,fremont who was said to be in rebellion against ,general ,kearney's authority2 and again1 a powerful band of ,indians was ready to pounce down upon us4 ,it was not very unexpectedly1 therefore1 that we received orders to occupy the most commanding point overlooking the town4 ,soon after this we learned that a supply of provisions for the command had been landed at ,san ,pedro1 about twenty-one miles distant1 and teams and wagons were sent at once1 under an escort of soldiers1 the writer being one4 ,we returned next day1 heavily loaded4 ,about this date1 the command began the erection of a fort1 or rather began to throw up earthworks4 ,lieutenant ,rosecranz was ordered with a small detachment to ,cajon ,pass1 a narrow opening in the ,sierra ,nevada range1 about eighty miles east of us4 ,the object was to guard the pass against the advance of any foe1 for1 as has been said1 there were many rumors of impending danger4 ,in a short time1 ,lieutenant ,pace1 with twenty-nine officers and men of the battalion--the writer being one of the number--received orders to relieve the detachment of ,lieutenant ,rosecranz4 ,pace's command had just reached the ,rosecranz party1 finding the latter in the act of striking camp1 when a dispatch came by pony express ordering us to return as well4 ,on our march out1 the wild cattle1 which were there by thousands1 became excited and began to bellow and crowd toward us4 ,we could see them for miles coming on the run4 ,they closed in quickly until we were surrounded by them on three sides1 with a deep gulch or very brushy ravine on the fourth4 ,we retreated in double-quick time to this gulch1 and were compelled to remain in what shelter it afforded until the next day1 before we could pass on in safety4 ,the unsettled state of the country kept us constantly busy4 ,our fort was pushed to completion1 and we having obtained what artillery ,colonel ,fremont had1 the twelve or fifteen pieces now in our possession were placed in proper position for defense4 ,everything was made as complete as could be1 and the warclouds began to give way4 ,fremont had been placed under arrest for insubordination or rebellion1 ,i do not recall which1 and this contributed to the peace of the country4 ,a ,spaniard was hired to haul a liberty pole from ,san ,bernardino ,canyon1 a distance of eighty miles1 and as he dared not undertake the journey without a military escort1 ,corporal ,lafayette ,shepherd and fourteen men1 among whom the writer was included1 were sent to protect the ,spaniard and help get the pole down to the fort4 ,on that trip we camped on the present site of ,san ,bernardino ,city1 then a wild and lonely wilderness1 with not a house or farm in sight4 ,at that time the country abounded in wild cattle1 bear1 and other wild animals4 ,just where we came out on the plain we camped for the night1 and in the morning our ,spanish friend went out into the hills to see if he could kill a deer4 ,soon he came upon a party of ,indians jerking beef1 and he shot into their camp4 ,they came out1 returned his fire1 and gave him chase4 ,we were getting breakfast when he dashed into our camp1 shouting that the ,indians were upon us1 and for us to get our guns4 ,of course1 we complied1 and were ready in short order1 but as no ,indians came1 the ,spaniard insisted that we go in and rout them1 as they were killing the citizens' cattle1 and our commander had given a promise of protection from this4 ,hastily we saddled our mules and started1 expecting every moment to meet the ,indians1 who were on foot4 ,we found no one before we came to the campfires1 around which was strewn considerable beef4 ,soon we discovered the ,indians fleeing up the mountain1 and on our jaded mules we gave chase1 but when we reached the summit the ,indians were going up the opposite ridge4 ,we dismounted and poured a few volleys into the brush above them4 ,they did not fire back4 ,i do not think any harm was done4 ,they were fleeing for their lives and did not show any opposition to us1 and we had no desire to harm them1 but simply to demonstrate to the ,californians that as ,united ,states soldiers we were ready to protect them and their property1 as was promised by our officers4 ,we hastened back to the fort with our charge1 the logs in the rough being about fifty feet each1 the two making a pole between ninety and ninety-five feet long when completed1 which was done by the members of the battalion at the fort4 ,another event about this period was an order by ,colonel ,cooke for a detail of good marksmen and trusty men to go through the town and shoot or bayonet all the dogs to be found in the streets4 ,the colonel had notified the town authorities of his intention4 ,accordingly the detail was made and ammunition issued4 ,the writer was one of the trusted marksmen4 ,we sallied forth in the town of ,los ,angeles1 where the dogs were more numerous than human beings1 and commenced our disagreeable and deadly work4 ,muskets rattled in every street and byway1 dogs barked and howled in every direction1 and women and children wept to have the animals spared4 ,but military orders had to be obeyed1 for the dog nuisance had become intolerable4 ,after that1 there were sanitary orders sent forth1 and the streets were cleared of the dogs and a great amount of bones and other rubbish4 ,with all this cleaning up1 there still was tolerated the greater nuisances of liquor drinking1 gambling1 the most lewd and obscene conduct that could be imagined1 ,sabbath breaking by horse racing1 cock and bull righting1 men righting and knifing one another--indeed1 the ,sabbath was the greater day for all these vices4 ,bull fighting was carried on inside of a square of one to four acres surrounded by one-story adobe flat-roofed houses1 on which spectators would climb1 and thus have an excellent view of the whole exhibition of cruelty and bravado and jeopardy to life4 ,numbers of the wildest and most ferocious bulls were taken1 and were brought into the arena one at a time4 ,the animal was turned loose1 and a man would tease him into fury with a sharp lance4 ,a horseman would charge and make thrust after thrust at the maddened bull1 striving to pierce him just behind the horns1 the aim being to cut the pith of the spinal column at that point4 ,if this were done1 the animal would fall dead on the spot4 ,as a general thing1 the bull was more apt to gore the rider's horse1 and give the rider himself a very close call2 but a number of very expert horsemen were kept in readiness to lasso the bull or cast a blanket over his eyes and thus blindfold him until his tormentor got out of danger4 ,in this cruel sport many horses were sacrificed1 and sometimes the riders as well4 ,it was not an unusual thing for a hundred or more of these wild bulls to be collected at a time1 and the bloody sport to be kept up three or four days and perhaps more4 ,sometimes a grizzly bear would be captured and turned loose with a wild bull1 the death of one and perhaps both being the result4 ,the whole populace seemed to enjoy this cruel sport1 shouting and screaming thereat all the day long4 ,males and females1 of all ages and conditions1 met on a common level to witness this wild and reckless amusement4 ,horse racing took place on the principal streets4 ,one popular part of this pastime was to secure an old male chicken2 this was buried all but the head in a hole in the street1 the soil being packed in as tight as could be and have the bird live4 ,an ,indian stood by to rebury the fowl as fast as the horsemen resurrected him by seizing him by the head when riding past at full speed4 ,the aim was to swoop down1 seize the cock's head1 pull the bird out of the hole1 and hold to the head to the end of the contest1 which was indulged in by a dozen or more4 ,when one rider tore the bird from the hole all the others would charge on him and try to capture it4 ,the possessor would strike right and left1 to hold his prize1 until the poor fowl was torn to pieces4 ,often the bird fell to the ground alive1 was buried again1 and some one else would lead in the dash for it4 ,just before the rider reached the fowl1 a horseman on either side would lash the horse unmercifully1 so that the rider could not slow up to get a better chance at the exposed head4 ,this game would be continued till some one carried the fowl's head to the end in triumph4 ,it was said that a scheme existed to draw the attention of the ,americans during the most exciting of these sports1 and then raid our camp2 but if this ever was thought of it failed1 for with us everything was kept in readiness for an emergency1 and sometimes we lay at night with loaded muskets and fixed bayonets4 ,besides1 we had become very proficient in military tactics1 and every man had learned well his duty as a soldier4 ,the fort having been completed1 and every reasonable anticipation for surprise in the return of the ,mexican forces or for an uprising having been cut off1 on the morning of the ,fourth of ,july1 #ahdg1 the ,stars and ,stripes was hoisted on the pole in triumph1 and floated in the breezes from the ,pacific ,ocean--,i think the first time that glorious banner waved from a liberty pole in ,california1 although ,commodore ,sloat had raised the ,american flag at ,monterey on ,july #g1 #ahdf4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,term ,,of ,,enlistment ,,expires--,,battalion ,,members ,,preparing ,,to ,,return ,,to ,,their ,,families--,,one ,,company ,,re-,,enlists--,,an ,,insolent ,,spaniard--,,pistol ,,snapped ,,in ,,the ,,writer',s ,,face--,,almost ,a ,,deathblow--,,desperate ,,fight ,,stopped ,,by ,,bystanders--,,serious ,,trouble ,,with ,,another ,,spaniard--,,learn ,,the ,,lesson ,,to ,,avoid ,,those ,,who ,,gamble ,,or ,,drink ,,intoxicants--,,spanish ,,character--,,class ,,of ,,california',s ,,inhabitants ,,in #ahdg--;,,condition ,,of ,,the ,,country--,,appearance ,,of ,,the ,,towns ,,and ,,villages--,,difficulty ,,in ,,securing ,,an ,,outfit ,,for ,,members ,,of ,,the ,,battalion ,,to ,,journey ,,eastward4 ,,the members of the ,mormon ,battalion had been purchasing horses and mules and a general outfit for a return to our friends at the close of our term of enlistment1 which was drawing nigh4 ,at the same time1 ,col4 ,stephenson1 of the ,new ,york volunteers1 and other commissioned officers1 were making strenuous efforts to have us re-enlist for another twelve months1 or six months at least1 telling us they had authority to impress us if they chose1 but they preferred to have us come as volunteers4 ,it had been reported that although the ,californians had been whipped1 there was not concord1 and that as soon as the ,mormon ,battalion left the country the ,californians would revolt and make an effort to overthrow ,united ,states supremacy2 but while we remained there was no fear4 ,now1 as there were many of the battalion who had spent all their wages--ninety-six dollars for their year's service--it may have appeared to them that the only thing to do was to re-enlist4 ,horses could be purchased cheaply1 and provisions were not high1 but some money was needed4 ,consequently1 one company re-enlisted under ,capt4 ,davis of company ,e1 while the rest of the command were busy preparing for their journey east to meet the ,saints somewhere1 they knew not just where4 ,comparatively few of our command had acquired sufficient knowledge of the ,spanish language to do their own trading1 and these acted as interpreters for their comrades4 ,the writer happened to be one of the few who had made some success in picking up the language4 ,on one occasion1 when hunting the town and adjacent country for such articles as we needed in our outfit1 he became fatigued and went into a cafe for a cup of coffee4 ,on entering the restaurant he found1 besides the landlord1 three or four good-appearing ,spaniards1 who soon began to question him about the ,united ,states and its people4 ,their questions were being answered in a courteous manner1 when the attendant1 who was a tall1 fine-looking ,spaniard1 interposed with the remark that ,america was a fine country1 but her soldiers were cowards and babies4 ,the writer was alone1 and scarcely knew how to treat the insult2 besides1 there was a possibility that it was intended as a joke4 ,therefore1 he felt that it would be improper to be too abrupt in replying1 and said1 quietly1 that ,america was a good country and her soldiers were the bravest of the brave4 ,at that moment the ,spanish-,californian stepped back and brought out an ,american hat that had been cut through on the side by some sharp instrument4 ,said he3 ,here is one's hat--,i killed him in battle4 ,he was a great baby4 ,reaching back1 he brought out a dragoon's sword and a holster1 with two iron-mounted ,u4 ,s4 pistols4 ,his eyes flashed1 and he mimicked the dying soldier1 saying all the ,americans were cowards4 ,my blood was up1 and ,i taunted him by asking him how it was1 if the ,americans were such cowards and babies1 and fled from the ,spaniards on the battlefield1 that the ,americans had taken the country4 ,pointing to the ,stars and ,stripes floating over the fort on the hill1 ,i said1 ,that shows where the brave men are2 it is the ,californians who are cowards and babies4 ,in an instant a pistol was snapped in my face1 and ,i saw the fire roll from the flintlock4 ,quick as a flash1 ,i caught a heavy knife that was handy1 leaped on to the counter1 and was bringing the weapon down on the head of my assailant1 when both of us were seized by bystanders1 and were disarmed4 ,i started for camp1 but was dragged back to compromise the affair4 ,when ,i re-entered the room the proprietor was priming his weapon with mustard seed4 ,he said it was all fun1 and we should make up4 ,the spectators were anxious to settle1 and offered to treat4 ,some of the ,spaniards expressed regret at the occurrence4 ,the matter was dropped1 though ,i never was convinced that that ,spanish attendant did not have murder in his heart4 ,on another occasion ,i had an unpleasant experience with another ,spaniard4 ,it was when ,i was on guard duty at the prison in ,los ,angeles4 ,a very large1 well dressed ,spaniard came across the street from a drinking saloon and gambling den4 ,he wore a large sombrero worth about eight dollars4 ,he had been gambling and drinking1 but was not drunk4 ,said he1 ,i have lost all my money1 and ,i want to leave this hat with you for four dollars4 ,if ,i do not bring the money back1 you may keep the hat2 it is worth eight dollars1 and will sell for that any day4 ,his offer was rejected1 when he showed some displeasure1 again urging the loan1 and promising to bring the money back in a short time4 ,finally he prevailed1 left the hat and took the money4 ,in two or three hours the ,spaniard returned1 saying he wanted his sombrero1 at the same time promising to bring the money next day4 ,of course this proposition was rejected1 whereupon he showed considerable temper1 but at last said it was all right1 he would find the money2 and added1 ,come over to the saloon and have a drink of wine1 and we will be good friends4 ,thinking that would settle the matter1 ,i complied with his request4 ,he had on a long ,spanish sarapa1 or blanket1 and as we neared the door he stepped ahead1 leaned over the counter1 and said something to the bartender4 ,as ,i entered the door ,i was again asked for the hat1 and he in turn was requested to hand over the money4 ,he grew angry1 threatened1 and finally challenged me to fight4 ,as ,i squared off to meet his impending assault1 the ,spaniard drew a large bowie knife for a thrust at me1 but was stopped by some bystanders4 ,i was at the time nineteen years of age1 and my young blood was thoroughly aroused4 ,i rushed for my musket1 which was loaded and had bayonet fixed1 and with the hurting end foremost ,i was quickly back at the saloon1 forcibly declaring my readiness for the conflict4 ,the bystanders closed in and called for peace1 the four dollars was soon raised1 and the sombrero found its way back into the hands of its angry owner1 who displayed considerable effect of the liquor he had been drinking4 ,but ,i learned an impressive lesson1 namely1 to avoid the companionship of men who drink intoxicants or who follow games of chance for a livelihood4 ,even if a man does not indulge himself1 those who do are liable to ask favors1 and if these are not granted the next thing is insult1 which often ends in bloodshed1 or did in those days in ,california4 ,in illustration of the light estimate of human life1 ,i can recall a man's foot being kicked about the street1 and no more notice being taken of it than if it were an animal's4 ,as to ,spanish character1 the writer can say from a close acquaintance that when the ,spaniards are sober and friendly1 they are very friendly1 hospitable and polite1 being very good company2 in fact1 we seldom met with a more wholesouled and agreeable people4 ,yet it is doubtful if there are any people who will resent an insult quicker and more seriously than they will4 ,they are brave and manly2 yet those who are of mixed blood1 such as the ,greasers1 are low1 degraded1 treacherous and cruel4 ,in ,california there were a few of the higher class1 many more of a medium kind1 and still more of the lower class2 so that in summing up the total of ,california's inhabitants in #ahdf-g1 the country was only half civilized and thinly inhabited4 ,at that time the country was wild1 being overrun with wilder horses1 cattle1 sheep and goats4 ,in places1 wild oats and mustard abounded1 in many sections the mustard being as high as a man's head when on horseback1 and so dense that a horse could be forced only a few feet through it4 ,in the foothills and mountains wild game was very abundant1 consisting of elk1 deer1 bear1 and smaller game4 ,along the water courses and on the lakes waterfowl was plentiful4 ,there were millions of acres of uncultivated land1 as good as any on the globe4 ,the climate is scarcely equalled anywhere4 ,the chief products of the soil then were wheat1 barley1 beans1 peas1 apples1 peaches1 plums1 apricots1 pears1 dates1 figs1 olives1 grapes1 black pepper1 spices1 and many fruits not named here4 ,these all seemed to grow very near to perfection1 especially when properly cared for4 ,the greater part of the labor was performed by native ,indians1 and that too with the most primitive tools4 ,the buildings were low1 being one-story adobe1 with flat roofs covered with cement1 or a natural tar that exuded from the earth2 sometimes tile was used1 but ,i do not remember seeing one brick building or shingle roof in all the land4 ,under the conditions which existed1 it was no easy matter for a hundred and fifty men to get an outfit together to travel over the mountains east1 as that number of the battalion intended to do2 but having commenced before we were discharged from service--say some time in ,june--to purchase our horses1 saddles1 and everything necessary for a pack train1 we were partly prepared for the journey when the day came for us to be mustered out4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,mormon ,,battalion ,,mustered ,,out ,,of ,,service--,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifty ,,members ,,organize ,,to ,,return ,,east ,,to ,,the ,,rocky ,,mountains--,,start ,,on ,,the ,,journey--,,difficulties ,,of ,,the ,,route--,,dealing ,,with ,,wild ,,horses ,,and ,,cattle--,,stampede ,,of ,a ,,pack ,,animal--,,chase ,,into ,,an ,,indian ,,camp--,,lost ,,all ,,night ,,in ,a ,,swamp--,,suffering ,,on ,,the ,,desert ,,for ,,lack ,,of ,,water--,,arrive ,,near ,,sutter',s ,,fort--,,on ,,the ,,site ,,of ,,sacramento--,,party ,,decide ,,to ,,remain ,,over ,,for ,,the ,,year1 ,,and ,,obtain ,,employment--,,meet ,,capt4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,sutter ,,and ,,james ,w4 ,,marshall--,,proposition ,,to ,,capt4 ,,sutter--,,engaged ,,to ,,work ,,on ,a ,,sawmill--,,proceedings ,,at ,,the ,,millsite--,,mill ,,started ,,up--,,the ,,writer ,,engaged ,,to ,,direct ,,indians ,,laboring ,,at ,,the ,,tail ,,race--,,conversation ,,with ,,mr4 ,,marshall--,,marshall ,,talks ,,about ,,finding ,,gold--,,he ,,and ,,the ,,writer ,,make ,a ,,search ,,for ,,gold1 ,,but ,,finding ,,none1 ,,defer ,,the ,,investigation ,,till ,,next ,,morning--,,marshall',s ,,faith ,,in ,,his ,,being ,,successful ,,in ,,discovering ,,the ,,precious ,,metal4 ,,on the #afth of ,july1 #ahdg1 the close of the ,mormon ,battalion's term of enlistment1 we were called into line1 and an officer passed along as in ordinary inspection4 ,then1 without further ceremony1 he said4 ,you are discharged4 ,i do not think one-half of the command heard him1 he spoke so low4 ,some of us thought he may have felt ashamed because of his conduct toward us on our march to ,santa ,fe4 ,he was the little bigot1 ,lieutenant ,a4 ,j4 ,smith4 ,thus we bade adieu to ,united ,states military authority and returned to the ranks of civil life4 ,one hundred and fifty of us organized ourselves into hundreds1 fifties and tens1 and were soon on our way to meet our friends somewhere1 as we supposed1 in the ,rocky ,mountains east2 and still we did not know just where4 ,we sought information as best we could1 and the most that we could learn was that by following under the base of the ,sierra ,nevada range six hundred miles we would come to ,sutter's ,fort1 where we could obtain further information as to the best route to where we supposed we would find our friends4 ,it was about the #bjth of ,july when the first company moved out on the intended journey2 and in three or four days the remaining hundred followed4 ,we passed ,gen4 ,pico's ranch about twenty miles northward1 and from there crossed over a mountain so high and steep that it made our heads swim1 and it was with difficulty that we could sit on our horses4 ,in places1 it was impossible for us to dismount1 for lack of room4 ,two mules lost their footing and fell twenty-five or thirty feet before they could regain a foothold1 and it was very hard work to get them back on the trail4 ,we traveled some eighteen or twenty miles from ,pico's ranch to ,francisco ranch1 where we joined the fifty who had preceded the main body1 and were waiting for us to come up4 ,a meeting was held1 at which it was decided to purchase forty or fifty beef cattle1 which was done at not to exceed four dollars per head4 ,the course of our journey from this time was northward4 ,the country where we were traveling was a wilderness of hill and dale1 deep gorges1 and brush1 so that the first two days we lost ten or fifteen head of beef cattle4 ,it was decided to make sure of the remainder by slaughtering and jerking or curing the beef1 and next morning there came a battle with the cattle1 which had become wild and ferocious1 plunging at the men on horseback everywhere1 so we had to shoot them down as best we could4 ,after stopping two or three days to jerk the beef1 we proceeded on our journey4 ,many of our horses were bronchos1 or wild1 when we purchased them1 and gave us much trouble4 ,the packs would get loose and turn under the animals1 which would run and kick1 scattering things as they went4 ,one day ,alexander ,stephens1 ,william ,garner and ,i had a horse stampede with its burden4 ,i gave pursuit1 and as ,i had no thought of anything but capturing the animal1 ,i chased it about three miles1 right into an ,indian camp4 ,the ,indians must have seen me coming and fled4 ,their fires were burning1 pots boiling1 and camp equipage laid around4 ,from appearances there must have been fifteen to twenty families2 their tracks were thick and fresh4 ,the runaway horse seems to have been so excited that1 like its pursuer1 it ran in among the camp before observing the danger2 then it turned and ,i secured it with a lasso4 ,at that moment ,i recognized the peril of my own position1 in the possibility of being ambushed by ,indians4 ,it may be needless to state that ,i got out of that place in a hurry2 although ,i had lost sight of the camp and was confused for a little time till ,i found my trail4 ,upon returning1 ,i met my two comrades1 who had had all they could do to take care of the other pack animals1 and were very anxious about me4 ,it was getting late in the day1 and the company had passed out of sight4 ,we followed as fast as we could1 but darkness overtook us and we soon found ourselves wandering in the bullrushes and marshes of the east end of ,tulare ,lake4 ,turn which way we would we could not find any trail out4 ,at last we found a spot more solid than the surroundings2 we halted and felt around in the darkness2 every way we went it was mud and water4 ,the night was so dark that we could not see each other or the horses1 and finally we tied the animals together so we could hold them1 took off the pack1 and waited around till daylight4 ,i do not think either of us slept fifteen minutes that night4 ,we had nothing to make a fire with1 and if we had1 it would not have been wise to have attracted savage ,indians with one4 ,early in the morning we prepared to seek a way out1 and to our surprise1 discovered close by a bullrush boat which an aged ,indian was pushing through the rushes4 ,the boat had been made by twisting and braiding the rushes together1 and reminded us of what the prophet says about embassadors going forth in vessels of bullrushes4 ,we could not learn from whence the ,indian came or whither he was going1 nor yet his errand4 ,we bade him good day1 and soon found the trail of our company4 ,after going three or four miles1 we met some of our men who had been sent in search of us2 they had passed the night in great anxiety concerning our safety4 ,thankfully we reached the camp to have a bite of food and proceed on our journey1 grateful that we yet had our hair on the top of our heads1 where the darkey says2 the wool ought to grow4 ,our journey took us over cold mountain streams1 some of which we forded1 carrying our baggage on our heads and making from three to five trips each way2 others we built rafts for1 by tying dry logs together with our lash-ropes1 piling them with baggage1 and drawing them over or pushing them with poles1 the men swimming their horses and often themselves4 ,these streams were quite numerous4 ,among those ,i remember were the ,tulare1 the ,san ,joaquin ,river1 and others4 ,the crossing of these streams was hard on man and beast1 the water being cold close to the mountains1 and the work hazardous owing to the rapid currents and boulders in the channels of the rivers4 ,on this journey we were two days on dry plains1 and suffered almost to death2 some of our horses became so thirsty that their eyes turned white as milk and blind as bats2 they staggered against anything they came to4 ,some of the men gave out entirely1 and if it had not been for some of the stronger men and horses that pushed forward and then returned to aid the others1 many of the latter never would have been able to have reached camp4 ,men had their tongues swollen and eyes sunken and glazed2 some could not drink water when it was brought to them1 until their lips and mouths had been bathed and some of the liquid poured into their throats4 ,fortunately for the writer1 he was one of the stronger ones who went ahead and returned to his comrades the last day on the desert2 the scene was terrible beyond the powers of description4 ,fully five hundred and fifty miles of that journey was made without seeing a house1 or a white woman or child4 ,there were many ,indians and their ranches1 but the savages gave us no particular trouble4 ,we pressed forward till ,august #bf1 when we came to the ,american ,river1 two miles above ,sutter's ,fort and about a mile and a half from the ,sacramento ,river1 at the point where the city of ,sacramento now stands4 ,the locality was then a forest of cottonwood timber and undergrowth4 ,when we reached the vicinity of ,sutter's ,fort a consultation was held1 at which it was decided that most of the party would remain until next year1 and obtain employment where they could4 ,captain ,john ,a4 ,sutter and ,james ,marshall contemplated building a gristmill and also a sawmill1 but had no skilled workmen to perform the task4 ,accordingly1 a committee was appointed from our number1 who informed ,captain ,sutter that we had among us carpenters1 blacksmiths1 wheelwrights1 millwrights1 farmers and common laborers2 that we were in need of horses1 cattle1 and a general outfit for crossing the mountains early the next summer1 and that if we could not get all money for our pay we would take part in supplies for our journey2 the committee also inquired what the prospect for employment was4 ,captain ,sutter gave the committee encouragement1 and asked them to call on him again in two or three days4 ,the result was1 that between ,august #bi and ,september #e1 from forty to sixty of us called on ,captain ,sutter4 ,some were employed to work on the gristmill2 others took contracts on the mill race4 ,the race was seven or eight miles long1 and was also intended for irrigation4 ,between the #hth and the #aath of ,september1 ,alexander ,stephens1 ,james ,berger and the writer started for the site that had been selected by ,mr4 ,marshall for the sawmill2 we were the first ,mormons to arrive at the place4 ,peter ,l4 ,wimmer and family and ,william ,scott had preceded us a few days1 having two wagons loaded with tools and provisions2 the teams were oxen1 and were driven by two of ,captain ,sutter's civilized ,indians4 ,some weeks after we went up1 ,henry ,w4 ,bigler1 ,azariah ,smith1 ,william ,johnston1 and ,israel ,evans1 members of the ,mormon ,battalion1 came to the camp4 ,upon our arrival at the millsite1 work was begun in earnest4 ,the cabin was finished1 a second room being put on in true frontier style4 ,while some worked on the cabin1 others were getting out timbers and preparing for the erection of the sawmill4 ,the site was at a point where the river made considerable of a bend1 just in the bank of what appeared to be an old river bed1 which was lowered to carry the water from the mill4 ,between ,january #aeth and #bjth1 #ahdh1 the mill was started up4 ,it was found that it had been set too low1 and the tail race would not carry off the water1 which would drown or kill the flutter wheel4 ,to remedy this defect1 several new pieces of timber were needed1 and all hands were put to work within ten or fifteen rods of the tail race1 getting out the timbers4 ,part of the time ,i was engaged in directing the labors of a gang of ,digger ,indians1 as ,i had picked up sufficient of their dialect to make them understand me clearly4 ,it had been customary to hoist the gates of the forebay when we quit work in the evening1 letting the water through the race to wash away the loosened sand and gravel1 then close them down in the morning4 ,the ,indians were employed to dig and cast out the cable rock that was not moved by the water4 ,on ,january #bc1 ,i had turned away from the ,indians and was with the white men4 ,mr4 ,marshall came along to look over the work in general1 and went to where the tail race entered the river4 ,there he discovered a bed of rock that had been exposed by the water the night before1 the portion in view in the bottom of the race being three to six feet wide and fifteen to twenty feet long4 ,mr4 ,marshall called me to him as he examined the bed of the race1 and said3 ,this is a curious rock2 ,i am afraid it will give us trouble4 ,then he probed a little further1 and added3 ,i believe it contains minerals of some kind1 and ,i believe there is gold in these hills4 ,at this statement ,i inquired1 ,what makes you think so8 ,he answered that he had seen blossom of gold1 and upon my asking where1 he said it was the white quartz scattered over the hills2 on my inquiring further as to what quartz was1 he told me it was the white1 flint-like rock so plentiful on the hills4 ,i said it was flint rock1 but he said no1 it was called quartz in some book he had read1 and was an indication of gold4 ,he sent me to the cabin for a pan to wash the sand and gravel1 and see what we could find4 ,i went to a cabin which had been built near the millsite by ,alexander ,stephens1 ,henry ,w4 ,bigler1 ,james ,berger1 ,azariah ,smith1 ,william ,johnston and myself1 and in which we were doing our own cooking4 ,i brought the pan and we washed some of the bedrock that we had scaled up with a pick4 ,as we had no idea of the appearance of gold in its natural state1 our search was unsuccessful4 ,mr4 ,marshall was determined to investigate further1 but it was no use that night4 ,he rose and said3 ,we will hoist the gates and turn in all the water that we can tonight1 and tomorrow morning we will shut it off and come down here1 and ,i believe we will find gold or some other mineral here4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,arrival ,,of ,,members ,,of ,,the ,,mormon ,,battalion ,,at ,,sutter',s ,,fort ,,opens ,,the ,,way ,,for ,,the ,,discovery ,,of ,,gold ,,in ,,california--,,james ,w4 ,,marshall ,,out ,,early ,,on ,,january #bd1 #ahdh--;,,he ,,is ,,going ,,to ,,find ,a ,,gold ,,mine--,,regarded ,,as ,a ,,notional ,,man--,,boys1 ,i ,,have ,,got ,,her ,,now6--,,testing ,,the ,,scales ,,of ,,metal--,,gold1 ,,boys1 ,,gold6--,,first ,,proclamation ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,gold ,,discovery--,,second ,,and ,,third ,,tests--,,all ,,excitement--,,three ,,or ,,four ,,ounces ,,of ,,gold ,,gathered--,,agree ,,to ,,keep ,,the ,,discovery ,,secret--,,find ,,the ,,precious ,,metal ,,farther ,,down ,,the ,,stream--,,how ,,the ,,secret ,,leased ,,out--,,more ,,discoveries--,,first ,,publication ,,of ,,the ,,news ,,made ,,in ,a ,,mormon ,,paper--,,washing ,,out ,,the ,,metal--,,first ,,gold ,,rocker--,,gathering ,,gold--,,part ,,taken ,,by ,,mr4 ,,marshall1 ,,the ,,mormons ,,and ,,captain ,,sutter ,,in ,,the ,,discovery--,,misfortunes ,,of ,,sutter ,,and ,,marshall--,,account ,,of ,,the ,,gold ,,discovery ,,certified ,,to ,,by ,,several ,,eye ,,witnesses4 ,,it is my understanding that when ,captain ,sutter and ,mr4 ,marshall were contemplating the erection of the two mills1 an apparently insurmountable obstacle confronted them in the inability to get and pay for the skilled labor necessary for portions of the work4 ,this obstacle was removed by the proposition our committee had made to ,captain ,sutter at the first interview2 and in the two or three days' time asked in ,august1 #ahdg1 by the captain1 a decision was reached to go ahead4 ,therefore1 if it had not been for the opportune appearance of the mustered-out members of the ,mormon ,battalion1 the sawmill would not have been built that winter1 nor would the discovery of gold have been made at that time4 ,but for the action of those ,mormons in connection with the enterprise proposed by ,captain ,sutter and ,mr4 ,marshall1 in offering the desired class of labor upon the terms they did1 the state of ,california might have waited indefinitely to have been developed and to be christened the ,golden ,state1 and the entrance to the bay of ,san ,francisco might never have received the title of the ,golden ,gate4 ,resuming the narrative of my association with ,mr4 ,marshall on the afternoon of ,january #bcrd1 ,i will state further that each of us went our way for the night1 and did not meet again till next morning4 ,i thought little of what ,marshall had said of finding gold1 as he was looked on as rather a notional kind of man2 ,i do not think ,i even mentioned his conversation to my associates4 ,at an unusually early hour in the morning1 however1 those of us who occupied the cabin heard a hammering at the mill4 ,who is that pounding so early8 was asked1 and one of our party looked out and said it was ,marshall shutting the gates of the forebay down4 ,this recalled to my mind what ,mr4 ,marshall had said to me the evening before1 and ,i remarked1 ,oh1 he is going to find a gold mine this morning4 ,a smile of derision stole over the faces of the parties present4 ,we ate our breakfast and went to work4 ,james ,berger and myself went to the whipsaw1 and the rest of the men some eight or ten rods away from the mill4 ,i was close to the mill and sawpit1 and was also close to the tail race1 where ,i could direct the ,indians who were there4 ,this was the #bdth day of ,january1 #ahdh4 ,when we had got partly to work1 ,mr4 ,marshall came1 with his old wool hat in his hand4 ,he stopped within six or eight yards of the sawpit1 and exclaimed1 ,boys1 ,i have got her now6 ,being the nearest to him1 and having more curiosity than the rest of the men1 ,i jumped from the pit and stepped to him4 ,on looking into his hat ,i discovered ten or twelve pieces or small scales of what proved to be gold4 ,i picked up the largest piece1 worth about fifty cents1 and tested it with my teeth2 as it did not give1 ,i held it aloft and exclaimed1 ,gold1 boys1 gold6 ,at that1 all dropped their tools and gathered around ,mr4 ,marshall4 ,having made the first proclamation of the very important fact that the metal was gold1 ,i stepped to the work bench and put it to the second test with the hammer4 ,as ,i was doing this it occurred to me that while en route to ,california with the ,mormon ,battalion1 we came to some timber called manzanita4 ,our guides and interpreters said the wood was what the ,mexicans smelted their gold and silver ores with4 ,it is a hard wood and makes a very hot fire1 and also burns a long time4 ,remembering that we had left a very hot bed of these coals in the fireplace of the cabin1 ,i hurried there and made the third test by placing the metal upon the point of an old shovel blade1 and then inserted it in among the coals4 ,i blew the coals until ,i was blind for the moment1 in trying to burn or melt the particles2 and although these were plated almost as thin as a sheet of note paper1 the heat did not change their appearance in the least4 ,i remembered hearing that gold could not be burned up1 so ,i arose from this third test1 confident that what had been found was gold4 ,running out to the party still grouped together1 ,i made the second proclamation1 saying1 ,gold1 gold6 ,at this juncture all was excitement4 ,we repaired to the lower end of the tail race1 where we found from three to six inches of water flowing over the bed of rock1 in which there were crevices and little pockets1 over which the water rippled in the glare of the sunlight as that shone over the mountain peaks4 ,james ,berger was the first man to espy a scale of the metal4 ,he stooped to pick it up1 and found some difficulty in getting hold of it1 as his fingers would blur the water1 but he finally succeeded4 ,the next man to find a piece was ,h4 ,w4 ,bigler2 he used his jack-knife1 getting the scale on the point of the blade1 then1 with his forefinger over it placed it in his left hand4 ,as soon as we learned how to look for it1 since it glittered under the water in the rays of the sun1 we were all rewarded with a few scales4 ,each put his mite into a small phial that was provided by ,marshall1 and we made him the custodian4 ,we repeated our visits to the tail race for three or four mornings1 each time collecting some of the precious metal until we had gathered somewhere between three and four ounces4 ,the next move was to step and stake off two quarter sections1 beginning at the mill1 one running down the river and the other up4 ,then we cut and hauled logs and laid the foundation of a cabin on each of them2 one was for ,sutter1 the other for ,marshall4 ,this matter being finished1 ,mr4 ,marshall was prepared to dictate terms to us1 for every tool and all the provisions in that part of the country belonged to ,sutter and ,marshall4 ,they had full control1 and we were depending on the completion of the mill for our pay4 ,marshall said that if we would stay by him until the mill was completed and well stocked with logs1 he would supply us with provisions and tools1 and would grant us the first right to work on their gold claims4 ,we all assented to his proposition1 and also agreed that we would not disclose the secret of the gold discovery until we learned more about it and had made good our claims4 ,not having the remotest idea of the extent of the gold deposits1 we pushed the mill as rapidly as possible2 for as yet we had not received one dollar's pay for our four months' labor4 ,soon there came a rainy day1 when it was too wet to work4 ,h4 ,w4 ,bigler thought it a good day to hunt ducks1 so he put on an old coat1 and was gone all day4 ,when he returned1 we said1 ,where are your ducks8 ,he said1 ,wait a while1 ,i will show you2 ,i have got them all right4 ,finally he drew an old cotton handkerchief from his pocket2 in the corner of it he had at least half an ounce of gold tied up4 ,for a while all were excited1 and he was asked a great many questions like the following3 ,did you find it on ,sutter's claim along the river8 ,how far is it from here8 ,all in one place8 ,is there any more8 ,how did you get it1 you had no pick or shovel8 ,can you find the place again8 ,he replied that he had found it down below ,sutter's claim1 along the river where the bedrock cropped out along the bank1 and in little rills that came down the hills to the river1 indeed1 everywhere that he found the bedrock cropping out4 ,then you found it in more than one place8 ,yes1 more than a dozen4 ,it was now proposed that we keep this discovery a secret1 as the discovery in the race had been kept4 ,so the mill work was pushed with vigor to completion4 ,but in the meantime ,marshall had felt it his duty to inform his partner of the discovery4 ,accordingly1 he wrote a letter stating the facts1 and sent me out to find a strange ,indian who would take it to ,captain ,sutter1 fearing that if he sent it by someone who was acquainted with the circumstances the secret might leak out4 ,about this time ,wm4 ,johnston found that he had some urgent business below and must go there1 and did so2 he went to the gristmill and along the camps on that mill race4 ,then somehow or other the bag came untied and our old cat and all the kittens ran out1 and to the camps they went1 until everybody heard of the gold discovery4 ,but1 like all great truths1 people were slow to believe the story4 ,in a short time1 however1 ,sidney ,s4 ,s4 ,willis and ,wilford ,hudson1 whose curiosity had been aroused1 began to feel that they would like a little venison2 and with that for an excuse they took their guns and set out on foot1 having been assured that by following up the river they would come to the sawmill1 which they succeeded in doing the first day4 ,i think it was only a thirty-five miles journey4 ,i believe they stayed one day and two nights with us2 then1 after a thorough examination of the bedrock1 sand and gravel1 and the surroundings1 they gathered a few specimens1 among which was one nugget worth about five dollars--the largest by long odds that had been discovered up to that time4 ,as ,willis and ,hudson passed back on their way home1 they discovered a small ravine or creek in which there was some of the same kind of bedrock which they had seen at the mill race1 and by picking around in the sand and gravel they discovered quite a rich prospect4 ,that was just above what was afterwards called ,mormon ,island1 about twelve or fifteen miles above the gristmill1 and about the same distance below the sawmill4 ,then they returned to the mill1 told their story1 and showed the specimens to the boys4 ,some of these went to ,sutter's ,fort1 to a little grocery store kept by a ,mormon named ,smith1 who came around ,cape ,horn to ,california by the ship ,brooklyn4 ,the story of the find was told1 and specimens exhibited to ,smith1 who wrote to ,samuel ,brannan4 ,the latter was publishing a paper in ,san ,francisco at the time2 and from that press the news went forth to the world4 ,brannan was a ,mormon ,elder1 and the press was owned by a company of ,mormons who had sailed from ,new ,york around ,cape ,horn1 and were presided over by ,samuel ,brannan4 ,from one hundred to one hundred and fifty ,mormons flocked to ,mormon ,island2 then people from every part of the ,united ,states followed1 and the search for gold commenced in earnest4 ,with jack1 butcher1 and table knives1 the search was made in the crevices1 after stripping the soil from the bedrock with pick and shovel4 ,next1 we conceived the idea of washing the sand and fine gravel in tin pans1 but these were scarce and hard to get hold of4 ,alexander ,stephens dug out a trough1 leaving the bottom round like a log4 ,he would fill that with sand and gravel that we scraped off the bedrock1 and would shake it1 having arranged it so as to to pour or run water on the gravel2 finally he commenced to rock the trough1 which led to the idea of a rocker4 ,his process caused the gold to settle at the bottom2 then he arranged the apparatus on an incline so that the gold would work down and also to the lower end of the trough4 ,at short intervals he would turn what was collected into a tub of water1 and at night it would be cleaned and weighed on a pair of wooden scales that ,stephens made also1 using silver coins for weights1 counting the silver dollar equal to one ounce of gold4 ,this rocker led to the renowned gold rocker2 ,i am under the impression that ,stephens made the first rocker ever used in ,california4 ,the next and last process that we used in gathering gold was to spread a sheet on the sandy beach of the river1 placing some big rocks on the corners and sides to keep it well stretched4 ,we then would fill in the rich dirt on the upper edge1 and throw on water to wash the dirt down into the river1 leaving the gold on the sheet4 ,occasionally we took up the sheet and dipped it into a tub of water1 washing the gold off the sheet into the tub4 ,at night we would clean up our day's work1 averaging from twelve to fifteen dollars each4 ,our best paying dirt was carried on our shoulders from ,dry ,gulch1 fifteen to sixty rods to where we could find water to wash it4 ,we made buckskin pouches or wallets to carry the gold in2 it was not dust1 nor yet nuggets1 but small scales4 ,sutter's capital and enterprise and ,marshall's shrewd sagacity have been given the credit of the great gold discovery in ,california4 ,the facts are1 that ,james ,w4 ,marshall discovered the first color2 in less than an hour six ,mormons found color as well1 and within six weeks ,mormons had discovered it in hundreds of places that ,mr4 ,marshall had never seen1 the most notable of which was ,mormon ,island1 to where the first rush was made1 and from where the news was spread to the world4 ,as to ,sutter's enterprise and capital1 he furnished the graham flour and mutton1 wheat and peas1 black coffee and brown sugar1 teams and tools1 while we1 the members of the ,mormon ,battalion1 did the hard labor that discovered the metal4 ,it is also true that we were in ,sutter's employ at that date1 and that we did not get paid for our labor4 ,i worked one hundred days for the firm1 and never received a farthing for it4 ,i heard a number of other men say they never got their pay4 ,it was our labor that developed the find1 and not ,marshall's and ,sutter's1 and we were never paid for it2 when we went for a settlement we were told by ,captain ,sutter that he could not settle with us1 for his bookkeeper had gone to the mines1 and his books were not posted4 ,he cursed ,marshall and the mines1 and declared that he was a ruined man2 that the discovery was his ruin1 for it had drawn off his laborers and left everything to go to rack1 and that he was being robbed4 ,i do not wish it to be understood that ,i charge ,sutter and ,marshall with being dishonorable1 for ,i do not4 ,i think they were honorable men in a business way4 ,the fact is1 they were completely overrun with all classes of people1 and were confused1 so that the people took advantage of them1 their business was undermined1 and there was a general collapse of their affairs and of every industry and business4 ,the cry was1 ,gold6 ,gold6 ,more ,gold6 ,away to the gold fields6 ,every other enterprise was sacrificed in the rush for gold4 ,with due respect to ,captain ,john ,a4 ,sutter and ,james ,w4 ,marshall1 to whom the world has given the credit for the great gold find1 ,i believe that if they had been taken out and shot to death the day of the discovery1 they would have suffered less1 and would have met their ,maker just as pure1 if not more honored in this world1 than to have lived and endured what they did4 ,as far as ,i am concerned1 ,i say peace to their remains1 for on this earth they have been greatly wronged1 if ,i have read their history correctly4 ,like a lynching scrape where there is an outburst of the people1 it is very difficult to find those who are responsible for the crime4 ,regarding the wrongs did these men1 it seemed as if the whole population of that locality picked on them4 ,i will add here1 that my account of the gold discovery in ,california was submitted in #ahic to the following members of the party who were at the place in ,january1 #ahdh1 and who were the only survivors within my reach at the time3 ,orrin ,hatch and ,william ,s4 ,muir1 ,woods ,cross1 ,davis ,county2 ,george ,w4 ,boyd1 and ,h4 ,d4 ,merrill1 ,salt ,lake ,city2 and ,israel ,evans1 ,lehi1 ,utah ,county1 ,utah4 ,they united in giving me a certificate that they knew this account to be a true and correct statement of the discovery of gold in ,california1 at ,sutter's mill race4 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,prepare ,,to ,,leave ,,california--,,snow ,,in ,,the ,,mountain--,,causes ,a ,,wait ,,till ,,the ,,last ,,of ,,june--,,discover ,a ,,rich ,,gold ,,prospect--,,leave ,,it ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,journey ,,over ,,the ,,mountains--,,no ,,regrets ,,at ,,abandoning ,,the ,,mines ,,in ,,answer ,,to ,,the ,,call ,,of ,,duty--,,camp ,,organized ,,in ,,pleasant ,,valley--,,start ,,on ,,the ,,trip--,,three ,,members ,,of ,,the ,,party ,,ahead1 ,,looking ,,out ,,the ,,route1 ,,found ,,murdered ,,my ,,indians ,,at ,,tragedy ,,springs--,,covering ,,the ,,bodies--,,stampede ,,of ,,animals--,,guarding ,,against ,,hostile ,,indians--,,crossing ,,the ,,divide ,,in ,,snow--,,the ,,writer ,,fooled--,,take ,,two ,,indians ,,prisoners--,,cutting ,a ,,road--,,horses ,,stolen ,,by ,,indians--,,pursuit ,,to ,,capture ,,them--,,in ,,carson ,,valley--,,along ,,humboldt ,,river--,,at ,,steamboat ,,springs--,,over ,,the ,,desert--,,member ,,of ,,the ,,party ,,wants ,,to ,,kill ,,indians--,,the ,,writer',s ,,emphatic ,,objection--,,indians ,,wound ,,stock--,,addison ,,pratt ,,as ,a ,,lucky ,,fisherman--,,writer ,,trades ,,with ,,an ,,indian--,,the ,,red ,,man',s ,,trick--,,writer ,,pursues ,,him ,,into ,,the ,,indian ,,camp--,,escape ,,from ,,danger--,,journey ,,to ,,bear ,,river--,,hot ,,and ,,cold ,,water ,,springs--,,reach ,,box ,,elder--,,view ,,the ,,great ,,salt ,,lake--,,arrive ,,at ,,ogden1 ,,where ,,captain ,,brown ,,and ,,some ,,saints ,,had ,,settled--,,journey ,,to ,,the ,,mormon ,,camp ,,on ,,what ,,is ,,now ,,pioneer ,,square1 ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,heartily ,,welcomed ,,by ,,relatives ,,and ,,friends--,,rejoicing ,,and ,,thanksgiving4 ,,in ,june1 #ahdh1 some thirty-seven members of the ,mormon ,battalion rendezvoused at a flat some six or eight miles from ,coloma1 ,california1 near where the first gold discovery was made4 ,this assemblage was preparatory to crossing the ,sierra ,nevada mountains at or near the head of the ,american ,river2 for we had learned that it was next to impossible to take wagons at this time of the year by what was called the ,truckee route1 and as we had become accustomed to pioneer life it was thought we could find a better route1 so it was proposed to open up one by the way stated4 ,we had been successful in getting a few hundred dollars each from the mines1 and had fitted ourselves out with wagons and ox teams1 seeds and tools2 for our protection on the journey we bought of ,captain ,sutter two brass ,russian cannon1 one a four pounder and the other a six-pounder4 ,some of the company1 eight or ten1 had pitched camp at the site selected1 and were waiting for others who were tardy in getting their outfit4 ,early in ,may1 a party consisting of ,david ,browett1 ,ira ,j4 ,willis1 ,j4 ,c4 ,sly1 ,israel ,evans1 ,jacob ,m4 ,truman1 ,daniel ,allen1 ,henderson ,cox1 ,robert ,pixton1 and1 ,i think1 ,j4 ,r4 ,allred1 went out about two or three days ahead1 and found the country covered with deep snow1 so that at that time it was impracticable to go forward with the wagons2 the party therefore returned to the main camp1 and waited till the last of ,june4 ,during this wait1 ,david ,browett1 ,daniel ,allen and ,henderson ,cox1 being anxious to be moving1 started a second time to search out the route1 and were surprised at night and all were killed by ,digger ,indians4 ,they had been gone some eight or ten days before the main body got together1 and about twenty days before we started4 ,alexander ,stephens and ,i1 it seems to me1 and some two or three others1 did not join the party1 as ,i remember1 until ,june #bi4 ,the day before starting from the gold diggings on our journey was kind of an off-day1 in which the writer had some spare time and wandered off from camp1 with pick and shovel1 up into a dry gulch1 where he soon struck a very rich prospect of gold1 about a quarter of a mile from water4 ,this was about #aa o'clock a4m4 ,by sundown he had carried the rich dirt down in his pantaloons1 and washed out forty-nine dollars and fifty cents in gold2 yet kind reader1 strange as it may appear1 he1 with his partners1 hitched up and rolled out the next morning1 and joined the main camp at what we called ,pleasant ,valley1 but now1 ,i think1 known as ,dutch ,flat4 ,i have never seen that rich spot of earth since2 nor do ,i regret it1 for there always has been a higher object before me than gold4 ,we had covenanted to move together under certain conditions1 and those conditions existing we were in honor bound to move the next day4 ,we did move1 leaving that rich prospect without ever sticking a stake in the gulch1 but abandoning it to those who might follow4 ,some may think we were blind to our own interests2 but after more than forty years we look back without regrets1 although we did see fortunes in the land1 and had many inducements to stay4 ,people said1 ,here is gold on the bedrock1 gold on the hills1 gold in the rills1 gold everywhere1 gold to spend1 gold to lend1 gold for all that will delve1 and soon you can make an independent fortune4 ,we could realize all that4 ,still duty called1 our honor was at stake1 we had covenanted with each other1 there was a principle involved2 for with us it was ,god and ,his kingdom first4 ,we had friends and relatives in the wilderness1 yea1 in an untried1 desert land1 and who knew their condition8 ,we did not4 ,so it was duty before pleasure1 before wealth1 and with this prompting we rolled out and joined our comrades in ,pleasant ,valley4 ,at our camp in ,pleasant ,valley we organized with ,jonathan ,holmes as president1 and with captains of tens4 ,then there were chosen eight or nine vaqueros or herdsmen1 to take charge of all the loose stock from #d a4m4 till #h p4m42 but in the main the herdsmen were the chief pioneers for the camp4 ,i remember only a few of them3 ,w4 ,sidney1 ,s4 ,s4 ,willis1 ,israel ,evans1 ,jacob ,m4 ,truman1 ,wesley ,adair and ,james ,s4 ,brown4 ,the date of our start from ,pleasant ,valley ,i cannot now recall1 further than that it was between the #beth of ,june and the #ast of ,july4 ,we made slow progress1 for the road was very rough4 ,about six of us rode ahead1 and looked out and marked the route4 ,we would go ahead half the day1 and then return to meet the train1 often finding them camped1 the men working the road1 cutting the timber1 rolling rock1 and digging dugways1 or mending wagons4 ,sometimes we had to lay over a day or two to make the road passable4 ,thus we pushed forward on our journey till we came to a place we called ,tragedy ,springs1 for near a beautiful spring at this place we found the remains of the three brethren who had preceded us1 they having been murdered by ,indians1 and buried in a shallow grave4 ,we first found bloody arrows1 then stones with blood on them1 then the nude bodies1 partly uncovered2 these were recognized by ,daniel ,allen's purse of gold near by4 ,our feelings cannot be described through the medium of the pen1 therefore ,i must leave these to the reader's imagination4 ,we built a wall of rough rock around the grave1 then covered it with flat stones to protect the bodies from wild beasts4 ,this was the best we could do1 for the bodies were so decomposed that we could not do more4 ,the names of the deceased and manner of death1 with proper dates1 were cut in a large tree that stood near by4 ,the night we came to ,tragedy ,springs was very dark1 and our camp being in a dense forest of large trees1 the darkness was intensified4 ,guards were at their posts around stock and camp1 when suddenly1 from some cause we never knew1 the stock stampeded4 ,this raised a great excitement1 and before it subsided one of our cannon was discharged2 as it belched forth its stream of fire1 and the sound of the explosion echoed in forest and hills1 the animals were stampeded still worse1 only a few horses that had been securely tied remaining4 ,we were compelled to lay by for two days to get things together1 but we finally did so1 recovering all our stock4 ,we made another start1 going to a place we called ,leek ,springs1 because of there being so many leeks growing wild4 ,we had to stop over and mark our way among rocky ridges4 ,thence we moved on1 musket in one hand1 or in a handy place to the teamster1 with his goad or whip in the other hand1 the train moving in close order and constantly on the alert for an attack by man or beast4 ,we ascended a very high spur of the ,sierra ,nevada range1 on the south side4 ,when we reached the summit the wind blew as if it were the middle of ,november4 ,as we crossed over we came to a large snowdrift2 on the north side of the mountain our wagons rolled over the snow as if on marble pavement1 but when we came to where the sun had shone in the latter part of the day1 our wagons went down to the hub1 and four were capsized and some of them badly broken4 ,the others succeeded in reaching the bottom in safety4 ,it took us till after dark to pick up the pieces and get them together to be ready to start the next morning4 ,we all gathered around the campfire and discussed the subject of standing guard1 when the writer remarked that there was no need of guards--that he would agree to take care of all the ,indians that would come around that night1 for it was so cold and disagreeable that he supposed no human being would come there from choice4 ,just then someone inquired what an object on a rock was4 ,some said it was an owl1 others that it was an ,indian4 ,two or three of us took our guns and sallied forth to settle the dispute finding to our surprise two ,indians with feathered headdresses on1 and with long bows1 and quivers full of arrows4 ,they were within easy bowshot of us4 ,the party had the laugh on the writer for once4 ,we took the ,indians prisoners1 disarmed them1 and prepared a place for them to sleep1 after giving them their supper4 ,the writer was one called on to guard them1 and he promptly complied4 ,the ,indians made good company1 though they were very nervous1 and we had to threaten them frequently to keep them from making a break for liberty4 ,at midnight the guards were changed1 and at dawn we made ready to descend to the camp below1 arriving there just as the ,indians moved off2 we had released our prisoners4 ,the ,indians soon began to come in from every quarter1 all armed4 ,we moved in close order1 every man well armed4 ,the savages numbered three to our one2 they flanked us and we could see them on every hand1 in threatening attitude4 ,in this situation we had to chop and roll logs out of the way1 move rock1 and make dugways1 lifting at and holding wagons to keep them from turning over4 ,consequently1 our progress was slow1 and the journey very hazardous4 ,finally1 when we had worked our way carefully along the difficult route1 passing over the summit of the great ,sierras1 which divide the waters of the great deserts from those which flow to the ,pacific ,ocean1 the threatening red men slunk out of sight1 and we found a rough camping place1 where we lay all night upon our arms1 but nothing came to alarm us4 ,we continued down the canyon and came to a more open country1 camping by a river bend where there was good feed1 water1 and fuel4 ,we had begun to feel more safe from the red men1 yet that night they stole in past our guards and took some of our saddle horses which were tied within four or five rods of our wagons4 ,the ,indians escaped1 and were detected only by our guards hearing them cross the river2 this was about #d a4m4 ,early in the morning we learned more definitely our loss1 and eight or ten of us gave pursuit1 following the trail across a sandy country and over the foothills1 ultimately succeeding in the recovery of all our horses but one1 and for that we captured an ,indian pony that had the distemper1 as we discovered after it had been turned into our herd4 ,that was one of the hardest day's rides that the writer remembers in all his experiences1 for we put our horses through all they could live for4 ,every moment we were liable to ambush1 for the ,indians divided into three parties and we did the same4 ,one of our party supposed he had killed an ,indian1 or certainly wounded him1 just as he entered into the thick brush4 ,it was late the next day when we resumed our journey1 and that night we camped in ,carson ,valley1 where we looked on an extensive plain or desert4 ,being unable to discern any evidences of water1 we turned to the north1 just under the base of the mountains1 traveling over a very hard route1 until we came to the ,truckee ,river1 where we entered the old emigrant road4 ,we followed that road till we came to the sink of the ,humboldt1 then called ,st4 ,mary's ,river4 ,the distance was said to be forty-five miles2 be that as it may1 we were twenty-four hours covering it1 and ,i do not think we had any rest or sleep during the whole trip4 ,we passed the wonderful ,hot or ,steamboat ,springs4 ,i remember seeing a dog run up to one of them as if to lap the water1 and as he did so his feet slipped into the edge of the pool4 ,he was so surprised at the heat that he gave one yelp of pain and jumped into the middle of the spring1 stretched out his legs1 and never gave another kick4 ,in a very short time the hair was all scalded off him4 ,the incident reminded me of the story of a ,dutchman who1 when he came to a hot spring1 ordered his teamster to drive on1 as hell could not be more than a mile away4 ,we did not feel to blame the ,dutchman1 if the springs were like this2 for1 from the surroundings1 hades did not appear to be far off1 and we passed on without any desire to linger about the dreadful place4 ,it was about #d a4m4 when1 as we approached the ,humboldt ,river1 our horses and cattle hoisted their heads1 began to sniff1 and broke into a trot2 from that they started into a run1 and we had enough to do to keep up with them till they reached the water4 ,we had a short rest1 and resumed our journey1 for there was no food for our stock1 and the water was brackish1 so we traveled eight or ten miles and camped for the night4 ,as the grazing was still short1 we made a very early start1 and were soon joined by two ,indians1 who remained with us all day and were very friendly4 ,when we camped they stopped with us1 and as we had been told the place was a dangerous one for ,indians1 the presence of these two caused a suspicion that they were spies1 and probably would signal their fellows when to attack the train4 ,we had been in camp only a short time when a white horse was led in4 ,the animal had a slight wound on his wethers and a mark of blood some six inches down on his shoulder4 ,this wound had been caused by the horse rolling on some burned willow stumps1 one of the men having seen him roll2 and there were on the animal the black marks from the charred wood4 ,yet some of the camp insisted that the wounds were from ,indian arrow's4 ,at this time some one came up from the river and caused a flame of excitement by saying he had seen an ,indian skulking in the brush1 although he admitted that it might have been a bird or a wild animal1 for1 while he saw something move1 he was not in a position to say just what it was4 ,the discussion now waxed hot1 and one man leveled his gun at one of the ,indians1 declaring he would shoot him4 ,the writer was standing near by and caught the gun to prevent such an act1 and was in turn threatened with being shot1 when the trouble was stopped by others interfering4 ,that night1 when the camp was called together as usual1 for prayers and consultation1 and prayers had been said1 the same man who had threatened to shoot the ,indian moved that we lay by the next day1 hunt down all the ,indians we could find1 and by killing rid the country of the d--d black rascals4 ,this startling proposition seemed to stun the senses of the men for a moment1 for no such spirit had invaded the camp before1 our motto being peace on earth1 good will to man4 ,the proposition was so repugnant to the writer's feelings that he made his maiden speech in strongly opposing the motion1 declaring that if such a cruel step were taken he would be a swift witness against all who engaged in the wicked and savage action2 he also asserted that he would inform on them at the earliest opportunity1 for as yet the ,indians in that vicinity had done us no harm1 and it was as much murder to kill one of them as to kill a white man4 ,others sided with the writer and the matter was dropped4 ,we passed on up the river until we came to near the narrows or canyon4 ,there some of our stock was wounded by ,indian arrows4 ,i do not recall just how many were injured or died from their wounds4 ,the ,indians who did the damage kept out of our sight4 ,i must mention ,elder ,addison ,pratt1 who joined us at ,sutter's ,fort1 as he was returning from a five years' mission to the ,society ,islands1 in the ,south ,pacific ,ocean4 ,he was a great fisherman1 and it was along this part of the route that he used to catch the little speckled trout in such numbers as to attract both our admiration and our gratitude4 ,he would go where no one else would ever think of finding fish1 and would meet with wonderful success4 ,in fact1 some of the party were so astonished at his good luck that they declared he could catch fish in a cow track4 ,he was a good1 jolly soul1 and made the best of everything4 ,our train journeyed on in peace till we came to ,goose ,creek1 where the writer traded a mare to an ,indian1 for a mule4 ,the red man was given several articles for the difference4 ,he sauntered around for a little while1 then mounted the mule1 and away he went1 taking the articles with him4 ,the writer pursued alone for four or five miles1 and first thing he knew was too near the ,indian camp to turn back1 so he rushed in among them1 dismounted1 changed the mare for the mule1 and rode off4 ,the ,indians looked surprised and frightened1 and made no resistance4 ,i never realized the hazard ,i had taken till the danger was over2 then ,i was glad to rejoin my fellow-travelers4 ,we crossed ,goose ,creek ,mountains and again struck out into the trackless desert1 pioneering our own way1 rolling the rocks and cutting the road4 ,we reached the ,malad1 a very difficult stream to cross1 but we succeeded in getting over without serious damage4 ,from there our route lay to the ,bear ,river1 which we crossed in safety by blocking up our wagon boxes4 ,i think the crossing was made just above where ,bear ,river ,city is now located4 ,from there we traveled southward under the base of the mountains to where we found two springs1 one of hot water and the other of very cold water1 within a very few feet of each other2 they flowed in the same gulch or ravine4 ,along this route we had naught but an ,indian trail to guide us4 ,when we reached ,box ,elder we thought it the finest place we had seen since leaving ,carson ,valley4 ,while in ,california we had learned that the ,latter-day ,saints had settled near the south end of the ,great ,salt ,lake2 and as we had been in sight1 from the mountains1 of the north end of the lake for some days1 we began to feel that we were nearing a place of rest4 ,we journeyed on till we came to the ,ogden and ,weber rivers1 where we found that ,captain ,james ,brown1 of company ,c of the ,mormon ,battalion1 and a few of the ,saints had settled2 the country looked very wild4 ,we still pursued our way southward1 till we reached the present site of ,salt ,lake ,city1 entering the ,sixth ,ward ,square--now ,pioneer ,square--where the ,saints had built houses and a stockade4 ,i think the date of our arrival at this place was the #bhth of ,september1 #ahdh4 ,we were heartily welcomed1 by relatives and friends1 after our long and tedious march of near four thousand miles1 and our more than two years' absence from those we loved and who loved us4 ,our meeting and greeting were far more joyous and precious than the glittering gold we had left behind4 ,neither our friends nor ourselves had any regrets for our having left the gold fields when we remembered our marching away1 over two years before1 to the tune of ,the ,girl ,i ,left ,behind ,me1 for we were so very glad to find her again1 no matter if it were in a desert4 ,we all rejoiced1 and gave thanks to ,god for ,his protecting care and our safe return to the bosom of friends4 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,contentment ,,among ,,the ,,saints ,,in ,,great ,,salt ,,lake ,,valley--,,rude ,,dwellings ,,and ,,short ,,rations--,,trying ,,experiences--,,rescue ,,of ,,mormon ,,battalion ,,members ,,from ,,starvation--,,carry ,,news ,,of ,,the ,,california ,,gold ,,discovery ,,to ,,the ,,east--,,re-,,union ,,of ,,mormon ,,battalion ,,members--,,addresses ,,by ,,the ,,first ,,presidency ,,and ,,others--,,settling ,a ,,new ,,country--,,organization ,,of ,,minute ,,men--,,cold ,,winter--,,the ,,gold ,,fever--,,tenor ,,of ,,the ,,preachings ,,and ,,prophesyings ,,of ,,those ,,times--,,instructing ,,the ,,people ,,in ,,industrial ,,pursuits--,,policy ,,toward ,,the ,,indians4 ,,notwithstanding the fact of the aspect in the ,great ,salt ,lake ,valley being gloomy1 most of the people were contented with their lot1 although the experiences of #ahdg and #ahdh had been anything but encouraging4 ,some of the inhabitants were living in log cabins1 others in dugouts1 and still others in wagons1 while some who did not have the latter had built brush sheds2 almost everybody was living on short rations1 crickets and grasshoppers having destroyed most of the crops4 ,the whole face of the country was brown and dry1 except small streaks along the water courses4 ,there was no provender for our stock1 and we could only turn them out upon the range1 and trust them and ourselves to a kind ,providence4 ,timber for fuel was in the mountains1 and higher up in these there was timber for fencing and building purposes4 ,in order to get either1 we had to make roads at great expense1 building bridges and cutting dugways1 sometimes going in armed companies to protect ourselves from the threatening ,indian tribes4 ,a long brush bowery was built in the town2 we met there for religious services1 and for all other purposes that made it necessary for the people to be called together4 ,october #f1 #ahdh1 a general conference of the ,church was held1 and the people as a rule felt blessed1 although there were a few who were very much discouraged as the rations grew short and the cold weather pinched more closely4 ,some time in ,october1 news reached us that a small detachment of the ,mormon ,battalion coming from ,california was starving to death on the western deserts4 ,their old comrades in arms soon gathered supplies and fitted up a team1 and six or seven of us went out to give assistance4 ,we met the suffering company at the point of the ,west ,mountains1 about two days earlier than we had expected4 ,the men were suffering1 but not quite so badly as we had been led to believe from the word we had got4 ,it was snowing when we met them1 and continued to do so the greater part of the night and of the next day1 so that we suffered much from cold before we reached shelter1 for everything was soaked through4 ,the company brought considerable gold1 which was exhibited to many of the people4 ,some of our comrades were not so fortunate as to find their families in the ,great ,salt ,lake ,valley1 so they pushed on to where these had been left1 in ,iowa or ,nebraska4 ,those men bore the news of the great gold discovery in ,california1 and1 as evidence of the truth of their story1 showed the precious metal they had secured4 ,thus the ,mormon ,battalion not only was at the discovery of gold in ,california and took part therein1 but bore the news thereof eastward1 until it spread to the world1 causing great excitement4 ,the last detachment of the battalion for the season having arrived in the valley1 a feast was prepared1 and a re-union of the soldiers and their friends was called4 ,it was made as grand an affair as could be under the circumstances1 ,presidents ,brigham ,young and ,heber ,c4 ,kimball leading out with liberal hands4 ,we were welcomed in royal style2 interesting speeches were made by the ,first ,presidency of the ,church1 and also by the officers and soldiers of the battalion4 ,from that time things moved quietly1 people making roads and getting out timber for various purposes1 herding stock1 fencing1 and so on4 ,at length the ,indians began to run off and kill the stock4 ,a meeting was called and one hundred men selected to enroll themselves as minute men1 the writer being one of the company4 ,we were required each to keep a horse on hand1 and to be ready at a minute's warning to march to any point of attack4 ,we had to fit out ourselves1 as there was no quartermaster's department on which officers could issue requisitions and have them honored4 ,we had to provide our own provisions1 and everything necessary for a campaign1 at our own expense4 ,most of the young men having horses of their own1 and many of them having become expert horsemen1 a full quota was furnished for the company4 ,we had turned over to the ,church authorities1 for the public defense1 our two brass ,russian cannon4 ,the minute men met for drill at regularly appointed times4 ,the winter of #ahdh-i was quite cold4 ,many people had their feet badly frozen4 ,for one1 the writer suffered so severely from this cause that he lost every nail from the toes of both feet4 ,in ,february and ,march there began to be some uneasiness over the prospects1 and as the days grew warmer the gold fever attacked many so that they prepared to go to ,california4 ,some said they would go only to have a place for the rest of us2 for they thought ,brigham ,young too smart a man to try to establish a civilized colony in such a ,god-forsaken country1 as they called the valley4 ,they further said that ,california was the natural country for the ,saints2 some had brought choice fruit pips and seed1 but said they would not waste them by planting in a country like the ,great ,salt ,lake ,valley2 others stated that they would not build a house in the valley1 but would remain in their wagons1 for certainly our leaders knew better than to attempt to make a stand in such a dry1 worthless locality1 and would be going on to ,california1 ,oregon or ,vancouver's ,island2 still others said they would wait awhile before planting choice fruits1 as it would not be long before they would return to ,jackson ,county1 ,missouri4 ,this discouraging talk was not alone by persons who had no experience in farming and manufacturing1 but by men who had made a success at their various avocations where they had been permitted to work in peace1 before coming west4 ,good farmers said3 ,why the wheat we grew here last year was so short that we had to pull it2 the heads were not more than two inches long4 ,frost falls here every month in the year--enough to cut down all tender vegetation4 ,more1 ,james ,bridger and ,gudger1 who have been in this country ten years or more1 say that corn cannot be raised anywhere in these mountains4 ,in fact1 ,bridger has told ,president ,young that he will give a thousand dollars for the first bushel of corn raised in the open air here1 for he says it cannot be done4 ,it was at this time of gloom that ,president ,young stood before the whole people1 and said1 in substance1 that some people had misgivings1 and some were murmuring1 and had not faith to go to work and make their families comfortable2 they had got the gold fever and were going to ,california4 ,said he3 ,some have asked me about going4 ,i have told them that ,god has appointed this place for the gathering of ,his ,saints1 and you will do better right here than you will by going to the gold mines4 ,some have thought they would go there and get fitted out and come back1 but ,i told them to stop here and get fitted out4 ,those who stop here and are faithful to ,god and ,his people will make more money and get richer than you that run after the god of this world2 and ,i promise you in the name of the ,lord that many of you that go1 thinking you will get rich and come back1 will wish you had never gone away from here1 and will long to come back but will not be able to do so4 ,some of you will come back1 but your friends who remain here will have to help you2 and the rest of you who are spared to return will not make as much money as your brethren do who stay here and help build up the ,church and kingdom of ,god2 they will prosper and be able to buy you twice over4 ,here is the place ,god has appointed for ,his people4 ,we have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire1 out of the fire into the middle of the floor1 and here we are and here we will stay4 ,god has shown me that this is the spot to locate ,his people1 and here is where they will prosper2 ,he will temper the elements for the good of ,his ,saints2 ,he will rebuke the frost and the sterility of the soil1 and the land shall become fruitful4 ,brethren1 go to1 now1 and plant out your fruit seeds4 ,stretching his arms to the east and to the west1 with his hands spread out1 he said3 ,for in these elements are not only all the cereals common to this latitude1 but the apple1 peach and plum2 yea1 and the more delicate fruits1 the strawberry and raspberry2 and we will raise the grape here and manufacture wine2 and as the ,saints gather here and get strong enough to possess the land1 ,god will temper the climate1 and we shall build a city and a temple to the ,most ,high ,god in this place4 ,we will extend our settlements to the east and west1 to the north and to the south1 and we will build towns and cities by the hundreds1 and thousands of the ,saints will gather in from the nations of the earth4 ,this will become the great highway of the nations4 ,kings and emperors and the noble and wise of the earth will visit us here1 while the wicked and ungodly will envy us our comfortable homes and possessions4 ,take courage1 brethren4 ,i can stand in my door and can see where there is untold millions of the rich treasures of the earth--gold and silver4 ,but the time has not come for the ,saints to dig gold4 ,it is our duty first to develop the agricultural resources of this country1 for there is no country on the earth that is more productive than this4 ,we have the finest climate1 the best water1 and the purest air that can be found on the earth2 there is no healthier climate anywhere4 ,as for gold and silver1 and the rich minerals of the earth1 there is no other country that equals this2 but let them alone2 let others seek them1 and we will cultivate the soil2 for if the mines are opened first1 we are a thousand miles from any base of supplies1 and the people would rush in here in such great numbers that they would breed a famine2 and gold would not do us or them any good if there were no provisions in the land4 ,people would starve to death with barrels of gold2 they would be willing to give a barrel of gold for a barrel of flour rather than starve to death4 ,then1 brethren1 plow your land and sow wheat1 plant your potatoes2 let the mines alone until the time comes for you to hunt gold1 though ,i do not think this people ever will become a mining people4 ,it is our duty to preach the ,gospel1 gather ,israel1 pay our tithing1 and build temples4 ,the worst fear that ,i have about this people is that they will get rich in this country1 forget ,god and ,his people1 wax fat1 and kick themselves out of the ,church and go to hell4 ,this people will stand mobbing1 robbing1 poverty1 and all manner of persecution1 and be true4 ,but my greater fear for them is that they cannot stand wealth2 and yet they have to be tried with riches1 for they will become the richest people on this earth4 ,my dear reader1 the writer stood on the ,sixth ,ward ,square1 ,salt ,lake ,city1 in the year #ahdi1 fifty-one years ago1 and heard the foregoing spoken by ,president ,brigham ,young4 ,now it is #aijj4 and ,i bear my testimony to the literal fulfillment of most of those sayings1 and that portion which has not yet come to pass ,i most assuredly believe will do so4 ,i entreat the reader of this to pause and reflect4 ,was there divine inspiration in this matter1 or not8 ,about the same time1 ,parley ,p4 ,pratt1 one of the ,twelve ,apostles1 told the people to save the hides of their cattle1 tan them1 and make boots and shoes for their families4 ,he said that in the mountains there was spruce1 pine bark1 and shumac1 with tanning properties2 advised that they be gathered1 and the beef hides tanned2 and predicted that the time would come when leather would be tanned here1 and boots and shoes would be manufactured and exported4 ,it was also stated that we would raise sheep here1 and would manufacture woollen fabrics and export them4 ,as the writer walked away from meeting that day1 in company with some old and tried men1 who had been mobbed and robbed1 and driven from their homes1 and whom he looked upon almost as pillars of the ,church1 one of them said he had passed through such and such trials in the past1 but that that day1 #ahdi1 was the darkest he ever had seen in the ,church4 ,the thought of trying to settle this barren land1 he said1 was one of the greatest trials he had met4 ,there were some three of the party particularly whom the writer thought were staunch men2 one of these asked another what he thought of the preaching that day1 and got the reply that it would do to preach to d--d fools1 but not to men of sense--that it was insulting to a man's better senses1 it was absurd to think that it was possible to manufacture anything for export from a country like this1 where we were more likely to starve to death than to do anything else4 ,now1 after half a century has passed away1 the writer refers to the manufacturing and mercantile establishments in these mountain valleys to establish which were the divinely inspired utterances of that day4 ,on one occasion in #ahdi1 ,president ,heber ,c4 ,kimball1 when preaching to the people1 exhorted them to be faithful as ,saints1 to cultivate the earth1 and let others dig the gold4 ,he said it was not for the ,saints to dig it1 but the time would come when they would learn to use it1 and not abuse it1 or the power that it gives2 they would possess it by millions1 and the time would come when people would be willing to give a bushel of gold for a bushel of wheat1 when judgments and calamities would be poured out on the nations of the earth4 ,he declared that people would come here by thousands1 yea1 tens of thousands would yet flee to ,zion for safety2 they would come with their burdens on their backs1 having nothing to eat1 and the people here would have to feed them2 others would bring their gold and silver1 and envy the people here their peace and comfort1 for ,god would temper the climate so that the ,saints would be able to raise everything they needed4 ,elder ,kimball further said3 ,brethren1 build good1 large granaries1 fill them with wheat1 and keep it against the time when it will be needed4 ,some people think we have passed the day of trial1 but let me tell you that you need not fear that1 for if you are faithful you shall have all the trials you can bear1 and if you are not faithful you will have more1 and will apostatize and go to hell4 ,some people have come from the eastern states and the old country and said3 ,brother ,kimball1 ,o that we could have been with you in ,kirtland1 in ,jackson county1 and in ,nauvoo1 and shared the trials of the ,saints with you6 ,brethren1 hold on a little while1 and you shall have all the trials you will be able to stand2 for ,god has said that ,he will have a tried people1 so you may prepare yourselves2 for before the roof is on the temple that we will build here1 the devils will begin to howl1 and before the capstone is laid you will begin to have your trials4 ,your leaders will be hunted as wild beasts2 we shall not be with you1 and men will be left to themselves for awhile4 ,then is the time that you should be filled with light1 that you may be able to stand through the days of trial4 ,now1 you can leave your bench-tools on the workbench1 and your plows and farming tools in the field2 and can lie down and go to sleep without locking or bolting your doors2 but the time will come when1 if you do this1 your tools will be stolen from you4 ,these mountains will be filled with robbers1 highwaymen1 and all kinds of thieves and murderers1 for the spirit of the old ,gadianton robbers lurks here in the mountains1 and will take possession of men1 and you will have to watch as well as pray1 to keep thieves away4 ,therefore1 brethren1 begin now to take better care of your tools2 attach locks and bolts to your doors1 and do not wait until the horse is stolen before you lock the door4 ,elder ,kimball referred to the fact that the young men were becoming restless and did not know what to do2 they ran hither and thither to the mines1 and became rude and uncultivated4 ,said he3 ,let me tell you1 boys1 what to do4 ,marry the girls and build homes for yourselves4 ,do not leave the young ladies to take up with strangers who will marry them and then desert them4 ,if you do not marry them1 ,i counsel the middle-aged and old men to marry the girls and treat them well1 and let them have the opportunity to obey the first command of ,god to man1 to multiply and replenish the earth4 ,brethren1 take to yourselves more wives2 for if you do not1 the time will come when you will not be permitted to do so4 ,seek wisdom by faith and prayer2 study and read all good books2 study the arts and sciences2 build good schoolhouses1 and educate your children1 that they may be able to perform the great work that will come upon them4 ,some of the most practical and best informed men in the community were called to deliver free lectures on farming1 stockraising1 etc41 for many of the people had come from manufacturing centers and had no experience in agricultural life1 consequently these people needed instruction1 and it was given in every industrial pursuit that was practicable at the time1 and that by experienced men4 ,thus the people were incited in their labors to subdue this wild and then desert land--for it was barren and waste in the extreme4 ,president ,brigham ,young also instructed the people to treat the ,indians kindly1 and divide food with them1 for1 said he1 it is cheaper to feed than to fight them4 ,teach them that we are their friends4 ,indeed1 treat every man civilly and kindly2 treat every man as a gentleman until you prove him to be a rascal--then let him alone4 ,the foregoing is the tenor of the teaching and preaching to the people in #ahdh and #ahdi1 in what is now the ,state of ,utah4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,scarcity ,,of ,,food ,,in ,,the ,,great ,,salt ,,lake ,,valley--,,wild ,,vegetables ,,for ,,greens--,,fair ,,prospects ,,for ,,crops--,,clouds ,,of ,,crickets ,,lay ,,bare ,,the ,,fields--,,people ,,struggle ,,against ,,the ,,pest ,,almost ,,to ,,despair--,,vast ,,flocks ,,of ,,sea ,,gulls1 ,,as ,,the ,,clouds ,,of ,,heaven1 ,,come ,,to ,,the ,,rescue--,,destruction ,,of ,,the ,,cricket--,,people ,,praise ,,the ,,lord--,,the ,,writer ,,invited ,,to ,a ,,meeting1 ,,ordained ,a ,,seventy1 ,,and ,,called ,,with ,,others ,,to ,,go ,,on ,a ,,mission ,,to ,,the ,,society ,,islands--,,words ,,of ,,presidents ,,brigham ,,young ,,and ,,heber ,c4 ,,kimball--,,preparations ,,to ,,travel ,,to ,,california ,,with ,,an ,,emigrant ,,company--,,description ,,of ,,the ,,route ,,by ,,captain ,,jefferson ,,hunt--,,start ,,on ,,my ,,mission--,,prophecy ,,by ,,president ,,wlllard ,,richards--,,battle ,,with ,,indians ,,at ,,provo ,,averted ,,by ,,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,,rich--,,prospects ,,of ,,utah ,,valley ,,to ,,support ,,population--,,overtake ,,the ,,emigrant ,,company--,,discussions ,,at ,,beaver ,,river--,,company ,,starts ,,for ,,walker',s ,,pass--,,turned ,,back ,,by ,,scarcity ,,of ,,water--,,experience ,,on ,,the ,,desert--,,dissensions ,,in ,,the ,,company--,,futile ,,attempt ,,to ,,send ,,some ,,of ,,the ,,members ,,back--,,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,,rich ,,foresees ,,further ,,trouble1 ,,and ,,endeavors ,,to ,,save ,,the ,,mormon ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,train ,,by ,,advising ,,them ,,to ,,return ,,to ,,the ,,old ,,spanish ,,trail--,,methodist ,,and ,,campbelltte ,,ministers ,,incite ,,the ,,company ,,against ,,the ,,mormon ,,guide1 ,,captain ,,hunt--,,main ,,company ,,disregards ,,captain ,,hunt',s ,,warning ,,of ,,danger1 ,,and ,,leaves ,,the ,,old ,,spanish ,,trail ,,to ,,search ,,for ,,the ,,route ,,through ,,walker',s ,,past--,,mormons ,,go ,,with ,,captain ,,hunt ,,on ,,the ,,southern ,,route4 ,,when seed time came that year1 provisions were very scarce4 ,people dug segos and thistle roots1 and gathered cow cabbage1 as we called a plant that was found in the canyons4 ,we ate these as greens1 cooked the hides of beef cattle--in fact1 gathered everything eatable1 and worked hard and put in our crops4 ,these started out with fair prospects for harvest until the grain was from one to six inches high4 ,then there came down from the mountains myriads of black crickets1 their bodies nearly as large as a man's thumb4 ,they entered upon wheat and corn fields1 and swept or ate every green thing before them4 ,field after field was cleared of vegetation4 ,whole families with their chickens moved out to their farms and made war upon the crickets4 ,men1 women and children fought from morning till night1 and still the enemy advanced from field to field4 ,men almost despaired1 women wept1 and to all human appearance our cause was lost4 ,the crickets ate the crops so close into the ground that they could not start again4 ,the people held fast meetings and prayed for protection4 ,i am not positive that there were any special meetings for that purpose1 but it was customary to fast and pray the first ,thursday in each month4 ,almost everybody was in despair1 and the enemy did not seem to be diminished in numbers4 ,with their war cry1 or ce-ce1 the crickets advanced1 and1 seeming to call up their reserve forces1 with a bold front kept up their march4 ,then there came from the west and northwest what seemed to me might be justly called the clouds of heaven1 or perhaps more properly the clouds of salvation4 ,these were white sea gulls1 which flew so close together and were so numerous as to form a cloud wherever they went4 ,they covered almost the whole farming district north and southeast of the city--the main farming district in ,salt ,lake ,valley at that time2 they visited ,davis ,county and other places as well2 and when they lit down the fields looked as though covered with snow4 ,the gulls came at sunrise and returned to the west at sundown1 after having gorged and disgorged themselves the entire day1 being tame as chickens4 ,they kept up the work of deliverance day after day1 as the crickets continued to come down from the mountains4 ,i believe that was the first time this kind of birds had been seen by any of the settlers4 ,when they had completed their work of mercy they went away1 leaving a grateful people who returned thanks to the ,giver of every good gift4 ,the ,saints in the valley then were united and their meetings were well attended4 ,one ,sunday1 ,brother ,jedediah ,m4 ,grant came down from the stand1 took the writer by the arm1 and asked him to take a walk4 ,the request was granted readily1 and ,i was led to ,brother ,lorenzo ,young's house on ,city ,creek1 where we found the ,first ,presidency1 some members of the ,twelve ,apostles1 and some of the first council of the ,seventies4 ,there the writer was ordained to the ,priesthood of a ,seventy1 and his name was enrolled in the third quorum4 ,shortly after that he was invited with others to attend a council meeting of the ,first ,presidency and ,twelve ,apostles1 in ,president ,kimball's schoolhouse4 ,when we got in and were seated1 ,president ,young said1 ,brethren1 if any of you have anything to say1 say on4 ,there being no response1 the president rose to his feet and said1 ,i move that ,elders ,addison ,pratt1 ,hyrum ,blackwell and ,james ,s4 ,brown take a mission to the ,society ,islands1 in the ,south ,pacific ,ocean4 ,president ,h4 ,c4 ,kimball said1 ,i second the motion4 ,the question was put and unanimously sustained1 and the president turned to me and asked1 ,brother ,james1 will you go8 ,the answer was1 ,i am an illiterate youth1 cannot read or write1 and ,i do not know what good ,i can do2 but if it is the will of the ,lord that ,i should go1 and you say so1 ,i will do the best that ,i can4 ,the president then took a seat near me1 placing his right hand on my left knee1 and said1 ,it is the will of the ,lord that you go1 and ,i say go2 ,i am not afraid to risk you4 ,and ,i promise you in the name of the ,lord ,god of ,israel that if you go you will be blessed1 and do good1 and be an honor to yourself and to the ,church and kingdom of ,god4 ,although men will seek your life1 you shall be spared and return to the bosom of the ,church in safety4 ,this council was on ,sunday evening1 some time in ,september1 #ahdi1 and we were to start no later than the #ajth of ,october2 indeed1 we were instructed to get ready as soon as possible1 so that we could join a company of emigrants which was organizing to go through to ,california by the southern route1 as it was too late to go by the northern route4 ,as ,elder ,addison ,pratt and ,i had agreed to go sowing wheat together on ,monday morning1 ,i thought ,i could speak to him without any notice being taken of it4 ,i said to him1 in a low tone of voice1 that ,i guessed we would not sow much wheat next day4 ,president ,h4 ,c4 ,kimball jumped from his seat as quick as a flash1 and pointing his finger directly at me1 said1 ,what is that1 ,brother ,jimmie8 ,when ,i told him what ,i had said1 he continued1 ,jimmie1 it is not for you to sow wheat or to reap it1 but your calling is to sow the good seed of the ,gospel1 and gather ,israel from this time henceforth4 ,mind that1 now2 let others sow the wheat4 ,from that time ,i felt a weight of responsibility that ,i had never thought of before4 ,we then went to preparing for our journey1 ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich had been called to go through to ,california1 so he and ,brother ,pratt and ,i fitted up a team1 ,i having a good wagon and one yoke of oxen2 they each furnished a yoke of oxen4 ,in a few days we were ready for the start4 ,we had a rodometer attached to our wagon1 to measure the distance4 ,in the meantime1 the emigrants called a meeting before taking their departure4 ,they had employed ,captain ,jefferson ,hunt of company ,a1 ,mormon ,battalion fame1 to be their guide1 as he had come through that route with pack animals4 ,he was invited to tell them what they might expect4 ,he described the route to them with the roughest side out1 lest they might say that he had misled them by making things more favorable than they really were4 ,in concluding his remarks he said3 ,from ,salt ,springs1 we cross to a sandy desert1 distance seventy-five miles to ,bitter ,springs1 the water so bitter the devil would not drink it2 and from thence away hellwards1 to ,california or some other place4 ,now1 gentlemen1 if you will stick together and follow me1 ,i will lead you through to ,california all right2 but you will have to make your own road1 for there is none save the old ,spanish trail from ,santa ,fe to ,california1 by the ,cajon ,pass through the ,sierra ,nevada ,mountains4 ,the emigrant company consisted of about five hundred souls1 and one hundred wagons and teams1 the latter in poor condition4 ,feeling in high spirits1 the company moved out between the #ast and #hth of ,october4 ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 ,francis ,pomeroy and ,i remained to follow up on horseback1 in three or four days4 ,pratt and ,blackwell1 taking our team1 started with the main body4 ,they got to the ,cottonwoods1 when one of my oxen became so lame that they could not proceed any farther4 ,blackwell returned to inform me of the situation1 and ,i went down and traded with ,john ,brown1 late ,bishop of ,pleasant ,grove1 for another ox1 mine having been pricked in shoeing4 ,then they overtook the main company1 and all proceeded together4 ,on the #hth we followed4 ,i started out alone1 to meet with the others at ,cottonwood4 ,as ,i passed the home of ,dr4 ,willard ,richards1 counselor to ,president ,brigham ,young1 ,dr4 ,richards came out and met me2 he took me by the right knee with his right hand1 as ,i sat on my horse1 and said1 ,starting out on your mission1 ,i suppose8 ,i replied1 ,yes1 sir4 ,well1 ,brother ,james1 ,i am glad1 and sorry2 glad to have you go and preach the ,gospel1 and sorry to part with good young men that we need in opening up a new country4 ,at that he gave my knee an extra grip4 ,stretching his left hand out to the southwest1 his chin quivering and his eyes filling with tears1 he said1 ,brother ,james1 when you are upon yonder distant islands1 called to preside over a branch of the ,church of ,jesus ,christ of ,latter-day ,saints1 men will seek your life1 and to all human appearance1 there will be no possible escape2 then look unto ,god1 and ,his angels shall draw near unto you1 and you shall be delivered1 to return home to this people4 ,do not stop to write to ,brother ,pratt1 your president1 to ,brother ,brigham1 or to me1 for you will require the immediate protection of ,god4 ,then put your trust in ,him1 and ,he will deliver you2 for ,i promise you in the name of ,israel's ,god that you shall be delivered from your enemy and return to this people4 ,goodbye1 and ,god bless you4 ,need ,i tell the reader that my mind was greatly impressed by those prophetic words1 their inspired character being established so vividly in my later experience8 ,prophetic ,i knew them to be1 and impressive they were indeed2 and the impression has been deep and lasting4 ,i then went on to ,brother ,jacob ,m4 ,truman's1 on ,big ,cottonwood ,creek1 and stayed with him that night4 ,next morning ,i passed on to ,brother ,william ,bills'1 where ,i met with ,brothers ,c4 ,c4 ,rich and ,f4 ,pomeroy1 and we proceeded on to ,provo by the ,indian trail1 having been joined by ,alexander ,williams1 with whom we stayed4 ,at ,provo we learned that the citizens and ,indians had had some trouble1 and there was considerable excitement1 as there were but few settlers at that place and the ,indians were quite numerous4 ,the latter were singing war songs and working up a spirit of war preliminary to making an attack that night or next morning1 as was supposed4 ,the people were preparing to receive them as best they could4 ,guards were posted around the camp1 and men put on picket duty1 so that any enemy might be discovered readily4 ,the ,indians made no move until after daylight2 but just before sunrise they started from their camps in force1 to attack us4 ,we advanced to meet them1 so as to prevent their assailing us in the small fort1 where the women and children were4 ,the savages marched up as if to give us open battle4 ,we formed across the road1 and each man took his post ready for action4 ,i always have believed that if it had not been for the presence of ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 and his cool1 conciliatory action1 there would have been bloodshed1 for there were some very hot-headed white men1 who would have preferred war to peace4 ,through ,brother ,rich's influence1 the cause of the trouble was looked into1 a conciliation effected1 and war averted1 so that after breakfast we of the missionary party proceeded on to what was called ,hobble ,creek--now the city of ,springville1 with a population of over two thousand souls4 ,i remember that we thought the place would be capable of sustaining eight or ten families1 or a dairy1 believing there was not enough water for more4 ,from ,hobble ,creek we passed on from one small stream to another1 expressing our opinion as to the capacity of the water supply2 and in no instance did we suppose that there was water sufficient for more than fifteen families1 judging from what we could see then4 ,again1 the barrenness of the country was such that it did not seem that more than seventy-five or a hundred head of cattle could find feed within reach of water4 ,now thousands of head of horned stock and horses are sustained at the same places4 ,we kept on our way until we overtook the wagon train on ,sevier ,river4 ,we came up with the emigrants just as they were ready to move on1 but did not find them so full of glee as they were on the start from the city4 ,still1 we rolled on very peaceably until we came to ,beaver ,river1 where the country began to look more forbidding4 ,then the ardor of the emigrants began to weaken4 ,at this place the company was joined by a man named ,smith with a pack train of about seventeen men2 also ,james ,flake1 with thirty ,latter-day ,saints2 besides1 there were ,william ,farrer1 ,john ,dixon4 ,h4 ,w4 ,bigler1 ,george ,q4 ,cannon1 and others1 whose names ,i do not now recall4 ,smith felt confident that he could find ,walker's ,pass1 in the ,sierra ,nevada ,mountains4 ,this supposed pass had been spoken of often1 but men had been disappointed as often in finding it1 or rather in not finding it4 ,smith's story excited our whole camp so that there was a general desire to try the new route1 and go down through the canyon and out on to the sandy desert4 ,the whole company except a very few favored the idea of leaving the route they had hired a guide for1 and they urged ,captain ,hunt to strike out and look for water4 ,he said1 ,gentlemen1 ,i agreed to pilot you through to ,california on the ,old ,spanish ,route by the ,cajon ,pass4 ,i am ready to do so1 and am not under any obligations to lead you in any other way2 and if you insist on my doing so you must be responsible1 for ,i will not be responsible for anything4 ,on this condition1 if you insist on changing your route1 ,i will do the best ,i can to find water1 but ,i do not have any reason to hope for success when ,i leave the trail4 ,the company hurrahed for the ,walker ,pass1 and ,captain ,hunt struck out a day ahead while the company shod and doctored their lame and sick stock for one day4 ,then we moved out ten miles on to the plain southwest of where ,minersville1 ,utah1 now stands1 and camped4 ,sometime in the night ,captain ,hunt came into camp1 so near choked from the lack of water that his tongue was swollen till it protruded from his mouth2 his eyes were so sunken in his head that he could scarcely be recognized4 ,his horse1 too1 for the need of water1 was blind1 and staggered as he was urged on4 ,their stay had been thirty-six hours1 on the sands1 without water4 ,about #b o'clock next morning our stock stampeded from the guards and ran back to water4 ,two-thirds of the men went in pursuit1 and animals and men did not return to camp till #b o'clock in the afternoon4 ,by this time confusion and discontent abounded in camp4 ,a committee was appointed to inquire into the condition of every team1 and to ascertain the food supply1 with the avowed intention of sending all back who failed to have what were considered the requisites for the journey4 ,i think that one-third of the company1 our wagon included1 were found wanting when weighed in that committee's balances4 ,but when we were ordered to return1 those who gave the command found that they were without authority and no one would heed them4 ,so the discontent was patched up for a time1 and we proceeded on to ,little ,salt ,lake ,valley1 where we struck the old ,spanish trail again4 ,then the company began to split up1 some going on after night1 and others stopping4 ,brother ,c4 ,c4 ,rich told me that it had been shown to him that there was going to be trouble1 and he felt led to believe that if we would go with the pack train he could at least lead the brethren there back on to the trail and save them4 ,this was in the night1 as we slept together in the wagon4 ,he awoke and asked me if ,i were awake4 ,finding that ,i was1 he told me what would befall the company4 ,to save the brethren and all who would heed him1 he purchased some ponies and went with the packers4 ,as we passed along the ,spanish trail--said to be three hundred and fifty years old--on the great desert1 we could follow the route by the bones of dead animals in many places4 ,it is said that many fierce battles have been fought between ,mexicans and ,indians along this trail4 ,so far as we were concerned1 although it was known that the ,indians were very hostile1 they gave us no trouble4 ,when we reached what is called the ,rim of the ,basin1 where the waters divide1 part running into the ,colorado ,river and on to the ,pacific ,ocean1 and part into the ,salt ,lake ,valley1 the company called meetings1 and several made speeches1 saying there must be a nearer and better route than that on which the ,mormon guide was leading them4 ,one ,methodist and one ,campbellite preacher in the company said that they had started to ,california1 and not hellwards1 as the ,mormon guide had stated at the outset1 quoting what ,captain ,hunt had said just before starting4 ,others claimed that they had been on the mountains1 and upon looking west had seen something green1 which they asserted was an indication of water4 ,some of them celebrated the proposed separation from us by boring holes in trees then filling these with powder and firing them1 exploded the trees in symbol of the break-up of the company4 ,next morning all but seven wagons turned off to the right1 toward the supposed ,walker's ,pass4 ,we preferred to follow the guide4 ,the company was thoroughly warned by ,captain ,hunt of the danger of dying from lack of water4 ,in our party there were eleven men1 two women and three children4 ,the main company expressed pity for us and tried to persuade us to go with them1 but we felt confident that our course was the safest1 notwithstanding their superior numbers4 ,they seemed to rejoice at their conclusion1 while we regretted it for their sakes4 ,thus we separated1 the emigrant company heading for ,walker's ,pass1 and our small party continuing on the old ,spanish trail1 or southern route to ,california4 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,caught ,,in ,a ,,snowstorm--,,via ,,the ,,santa ,,clara ,,and ,,rio ,,virgen ,,to ,,the ,,muddy--,,news ,,of ,,sad ,,disaster ,,to ,,the ,,emigrant ,,company--,,making ,,charcoal ,,and ,,nails--,,an ,,apostle ,,as ,a ,,blacksmith--,,searching ,,for ,,water ,,on ,,the ,,desert--,,crossing ,,an ,,alkali ,,stream--,,discover ,,gold ,,near ,,salt ,,springs--,,hurrying ,,on ,,over ,,the ,,desert--,,cattle ,,poisoned ,,at ,,bitter ,,springs--,,killing ,,animals ,,to ,,relieve ,,their ,,sufferings--,,first ,,wagon ,,over ,,cajon ,,pass1 ,,going ,,west--,,severe ,,journey ,,to ,,the ,,summit ,,of ,,the ,,pass--,,all ,,get ,,over ,,safely--,,sense ,,of ,,great ,,relief--,,grass ,,and ,,water ,,in ,,abundance--,,overtaken ,,by ,,survivors ,,of ,,the ,,emigrant ,,company--,,their ,,story ,,of ,,terrible ,,suffering--,,divide ,,provisions ,,with ,,them--,,celebrating ,,christmas1 #ahdi--;,,continuing ,,the ,,journey ,,north--,,spanish ,,warning ,,in ,a ,,cemetery ,,to ,,indians--,,cruelty ,,of ,,the ,,spaniards ,,to ,,the ,,indians--,,the ,,writer ,,placed ,,in ,,charge ,,of ,,the ,,company--,,directed ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,the ,,gold ,,mines4 ,,when the company had separated the weather was very threatening1 and it soon began to snow very fast4 ,we pulled on until late in the afternoon1 and camped on the mountain4 ,next day we came to some ,indian farms where the savages had raised corn1 wheat and squash4 ,we passed on to the ,santa ,clara1 followed it down for three or four days1 and found a written notice to those who came that way3 ,look out1 for we have killed two ,indians here4 ,with this warning1 we felt that we must keep a vigilant guard all the time4 ,from the ,santa ,clara we had a very long drive across the mountain and down a long1 dry1 rocky slope until we came to the ,rio ,virgen4 ,we went along that stream three or four days2 where we left it we found a cow with an ,indian arrow sticking in her4 ,we next passed over a high plateau to a stream well named the ,muddy4 ,there we laid by and doctored and shod our lame cattle4 ,while we were on the ,muddy1 ,brother ,c4 ,c4 ,rich and party came down the stream to us1 bringing sad and heartrending news from the great emigrant company1 which had broken into factions and become perfectly demoralized and confused4 ,some had taken packs on their backs and started on foot1 their cattle dying1 their wagons abandoned4 ,all were despondent1 and unwilling to listen to anybody4 ,i think1 from the best information we ever got of them1 ,i would be safe in saying that four-fifths of them met a most horrible fate1 being starved or choked to death in or near what was afterwards called ,death ,valley4 ,in after years the miners of ,pahranagat found the irons of the wagons very handy for use in their pursuits4 ,on the ,muddy we burned charcoal and made nails to shoe our cattle1 having to throw the animals down and hold them while ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich shod them4 ,brother ,rich did his work well1 for the shoes never came loose till they wore off4 ,from the ,muddy ,i accompanied ,captain ,hunt and ,henry ,rollins twelve miles and found some small pools of water about two miles to the right of the trail2 ,i went back to turn the packers to it1 while ,captain ,hunt and ,henry ,rollins went ahead in search of more pools of water and found some4 ,george ,q4 ,cannon and ,i stayed there as guides for the wagon train1 and turned them off to the water4 ,when the train arrived1 about #aa o'clock p4m41 we had to dip water with cups and water the stock from buckets4 ,then we pressed on till daylight1 made a halt long enough to take breakfast1 and pushed on1 for there was no feed for our stock4 ,about #b p4m4 we came to the ,los ,vegas1 where we rested a day1 then continued our journey over mountains and across dry deserts from day to day until we reached a stream of water about three rods wide4 ,it was so strong with alkali that we dared not allow our cattle to drink of it1 but put the lash to them so that they could not get a sup as we crossed it twice4 ,thence we traveled across a very sandy desert for twelve miles to the ,salt ,springs1 where the train went around a point of the mountain4 ,a4 ,pratt and ,i1 with three or four others1 followed on a small trail that passed over a notch of the mountain4 ,while going through a narrow pass1 ,brother ,a4 ,pratt said it looked as if there might be gold there4 ,at that we went to looking in the crevices of the rock1 and in a few minutes one of the party found a small scale1 and then another4 ,among the rest1 ,i saw the precious metal projecting from a streak of quartz in the granite rock4 ,from there we went over about one and a half miles to the ,salt ,springs1 and met with the teams4 ,several of the party journeyed back to look further for the gold4 ,i took along a cold chisel and hammer1 and chipped out some at the place ,i had found1 but as our teams were weakening very fast and there was neither food nor water at that place to sustain our stock1 we had to push on across the sandy desert of seventy-five miles1 day and night1 until we came to the ,bitter ,springs4 ,these were the springs that ,captain ,hunt had told the emigrant company about before they left ,salt ,lake ,city1 that from thence it was away hellward to ,california or some other place4 ,it certainly began to look that way now1 when our cattle began to weaken and die all along the trail4 ,the springs would have been as properly named if they had been called ,poison ,springs1 instead of ,bitter1 for it seemed that from that place our cattle began to weaken every moment1 and many had to be turned loose from the yoke and then shot to get them out of their misery4 ,we had to shoot one of ,brother ,pratt's oxen to end its suffering4 ,this act fell to my lot4 ,oh1 how inhuman and cruel it seemed to me1 to drive the patient and faithful dumb animal into a barren desert1 where there is neither food nor drink1 to goad him on until he falls from sheer exhaustion1 so that he bears any punishment1 to make him rise1 that his master sees fit to inflict1 without giving a single moan1 then to walk around and calmly look him in the face and fire the deadly missile into his brain1 then leave his carcass to the loathsome wolves and birds of prey6 ,in looking back over a period of fifty years since then1 the writer cannot call to memory a single act in his life that seemed so cruel and ungrateful as that2 and still there was no earthly means to save the poor creature from a more horrible death1 which would have come if he had been left in that driving snowstorm1 when his whole frame shook with cold1 there to lie and starve--one of the most miserable deaths that the human mind can conceive of4 ,of the two evils we chose the least by ending the suffering in a moment1 when it would have taken hours if it had not been for this act of mercy1 as we call it after taking in the whole situation4 ,from ,bitter ,springs our team took the lead to the end of the journey1 or to ,williams' ,ranch1 being the first team that ever crossed over the ,cajon ,pass going west1 as ,i remember4 ,ascending to the first pass from the ,bitter ,springs our situation was most gloomy4 ,in mud and snow1 with darkness come on1 every rod of the road became more steep and difficult4 ,the summit was two miles ahead and the nearest team half a mile back4 ,we moved by hitches and starts1 and could only make three or four rods at a time4 ,two of us pushed at the wagon while the other drove4 ,our guide was a few feet ahead1 marking out the road1 and saying1 ,crowd up1 boys1 if possible4 ,let us wallow on over the summit1 for it is our only salvation to cross and try to open the road if possible for the weaker teams4 ,finally1 with a shout of triumph1 we reached the summit in two feet of snow1 at #aa o'clock at night4 ,our guide told us to go on down and build fires at the first place where we could find anything for our stock1 and he would go back and cheer the rest on as best he could4 ,the descent being quite steep1 we soon made the distance of three or four miles to where there was but about six inches of snow1 and where we found some feed4 ,our matches were all damp1 and we were wet as could be4 ,we split up our spare yoke and struck fire with flint and steel1 crawled into the wagon1 and started a fire in the frying-pan4 ,then1 as there was plenty of fuel1 we made a roaring fire outside1 took a bite to eat1 and turned in for a few moments' rest1 being satisfied that the others of the party had halted before they reached the summit1 and as the guide was with them we thought they would take a rest and come on at daybreak4 ,this conjecture proved right1 for about #d o'clock a4m4 ,captain ,hunt hallooed to us and called for a cup of coffee4 ,he seemed to be chilled to the bone1 so we soon stirred the fire and got him something to eat4 ,he told us all the teams would make the riffle1 but for us to have a good fire1 for some of the men would be chilled nearly to death4 ,then he directed us to go ahead until we found feed for the stock1 and he would remain until the company came up4 ,we advanced about ten miles1 and halted for our cattle to feed and rest4 ,in the meantime we discovered the company coming down the slope of the mountain4 ,our feelings1 as well as theirs1 were much relieved at the sight1 as we beheld each other1 and when they had rested their teams they came on to our camping place for another stop1 while we moved ahead to the ,mohave ,river4 ,when we reached that stream1 ,i presume that we felt as pleased as a man liberated from a life sentence in a dungeon1 for we had reason to feel assured that we would succeed in our journey1 as we had only one more hard scramble of thirty miles1 and had pleasant weather and plenty of feed and water for our stock1 with time to rest in4 ,some shouted3 ,daylight once more2 thank ,god for our deliverance6 ,it was while we lay here that some of the company which had parted with us at the ,rim of the ,basin came up to us with packs on their backs1 half-starved4 ,the story of the condition of their comrades was horrifying beyond description4 ,men1 women and children suffered death alike by thirst and starvation4 ,this painful episode affords one more instance of where the majority had been wrong and the minority right4 ,the new arrivals said that when we parted from them they were sorry for us4 ,but now we were more sorry for them than they had been for us4 ,we divided our food the second or third time to relieve these starving people1 then pursued our course up stream for nine or ten days4 ,there we rested our cattle1 did some hunting1 and replenished our food supply with wild meat1 principally venison1 quail and the gray squirrel4 ,we found plenty of wild grapes1 and also discovered that the raccoon lived in that part of the world4 ,it was about the #agth of ,december when we crossed the ,cajon ,pass1 in the ,sierra ,nevada ,mountains2 from thence we moved via the ,cocomonga ,ranch to ,williams' ,ranch1 arriving there on ,december #bdth4 ,at ,williams' we found ,c4 ,c4 ,rich and party2 we joined in with them and had a good ,christmas dinner4 ,there we traded for new supplies to last us up to the gold mines on the ,mariposa and the ,stanislaus rivers1 in northern ,california1 or the upper country4 ,the writer acted as pilot1 interpreter and quartermaster for the company of something like fifty men4 ,it was about the #bgth of ,january when we left the ranch1 from which we traveled to ,los ,angeles1 thence twenty miles to the north1 where ,c4 ,c4 ,rich and ten or fifteen men left us1 and ,h4 ,egan took charge of the company as captain4 ,we followed up the ,santa ,barbara road at the rate of fifteen miles per day4 ,the roads were very rough and hilly4 ,the whole country was still in a very wild state4 ,we were frequently warned to be on our guard for bandits1 which were said to be roaming in the locality4 ,we passed in peace1 however1 nothing out of the general routine happening until we arrived at the ,san ,antonio ,mission4 ,the alcalde invited me into the chapel4 ,to me1 at that time1 it seemed to be very grand1 so attractive was the decoration4 ,the alcalde then opened the gates of the cemetery1 in which ,i saw a pillar of burnt adobes with four ,indian skulls on it1 for the rest of the ,indians to see what they might expect if they committed any outrages on the citizens4 ,from all that ,i have learned about ,spain's treatment of the red men1 it has been very cruel1 yet the ,spaniards claimed their methods were necessary in order to ,christianize the aborigines4 ,at that time the ,indians in ,california were more cruelly treated than the slaves in the south2 many of them had scars on their backs ten or twelve inches long1 caused by the lash of the ,spaniards4 ,we continued our journey up towards ,san ,francisco until the #aath of ,february1 when we arrived at a town called the ,mission ,san ,juan4 ,there we received a letter from ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich2 it was dated ,february #h1 #ahej4 ,the mission was old and dilapidated1 and at that date was occupied by a very rough class of men4 ,the surrounding country was very beautiful and fertile4 ,about #g o'clock that same evening ,captain ,howard ,egan assembled the company together1 and called on the writer to take charge4 ,then he went forward to overhaul the company that had preceded us4 ,next morning we continued on our journey1 crossing a deep stream of water1 and going to near ,fisher's ,ranch1 where we received a few lines from ,captain ,egan1 ordering us to stop the ox teams and forward the mule teams to ,san ,jose to get provisions4 ,we obeyed1 and purchased a beef animal and dried the meat4 ,when ,captain ,egan returned to camp he told me that ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich thought ,i had better continue with the company on to the mines1 until ,i saw or heard from him again4 ,accordingly ,i did so4 ,retracing our steps about four miles1 we turned to the left on a trail that led us to ,gilroy's ,ranch1 thence to ,rancho ,pacheco4 ,there we met a ,frenchman who directed us across the mountains4 ,meantime our company appointed six of us to precede the wagons and mark out the road1 as we were again entering into a wilderness with no roads except ,indian and wild animals' trails4 ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,,journeying ,,toward ,,the ,,gold ,,diggings--,,threatened ,,by ,,wild ,,horses--,,difficulties ,,of ,,traveling--,,convocation ,,of ,,the ,,feathered ,,creation--,,rejoin ,,our ,,friends--,,ferrying ,,across ,a ,,river--,,strike ,a ,,gold ,,prospect--,,on ,a ,,prospecting ,,tour--,,an ,,agreement ,,that ,,failed--,,instructed ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,san ,,francisco ,,to ,,proceed ,,on ,a ,,mission--,,trip ,,to ,,stockton--,,gamblers1 ,,sharpers ,,and ,,miners ,,at ,,that ,,place---,a ,,temptation ,,overcome--,,arrive ,,in ,,san ,,francisco--,,welcomed ,,by ,,saints--,,receive ,,kind ,,treatment--,,on ,,board ,a ,,vessel ,,bound ,,for ,,tahiti4 ,,on the second day of our journey toward the mines we were confronted by a band of wild mustang horses4 ,two of our men who happened to be half a mile ahead of the other four of us were cut off from us by the wild animals1 so that the confusion of the situation was such that we did not rejoin them for three days4 ,the band was about three hours in passing us1 and the trail was one mile in width4 ,we thought it a low estimate to say that there were seven or eight thousand horses4 ,there seemed to be hundreds of the finest animals dashing up and down1 flanking the main herd1 and driving1 and shaping the course followed4 ,to save ourselves and our horses from being taken in by them1 we tied our horses' heads close together1 and then stood between them and the wild band with our rifles in hand ready to shoot the leaders or any stallion that might attempt to gather in our horses1 as we had heard that they did not hesitate to attempt to do when out on the open plains as we were4 ,we supposed from all that we could learn that they had been to the ,san ,joaquin ,river for water1 and were returning over the plains to the foothills for pasture4 ,the noise made by them as they galloped past us was like distant1 heavy thunder1 only it was a long1 continuous roar or rumbling sound2 we stood in almost breathless silence1 and mingled fear and delight1 and viewed the magnificent picture4 ,at last the animals passed1 and we heaved a sigh of relief4 ,we proceeded on for about four hours1 when we had to call another halt and take similar precautions1 and for the same reason1 except that there were only about five hundred horses4 ,when they passed we steered our course for the lower end of the ,tulare ,lake1 where1 so we had heard1 a ferry had been located a few days before4 ,as there was no road to travel1 we thought we would go high enough and then follow the ,san ,joaquin ,river down until we came to the crossing4 ,night overtaking us1 we camped by a slough where bear tracks1 large and small1 were in great abundance4 ,for fear of ,indians we dared not make much fire1 so we passed a very lonely night1 being filled with anxiety about our lost comrades1 not knowing what had become of them2 for1 as near as my memory serves me1 this was our second night camp since they were separated from us4 ,to add to our troubles and gloom1 the night was intensely dark1 and a drizzling rain was falling4 ,suddenly our horses all broke from us4 ,we followed them by the sound of their feet as they ran1 and after a long chase through swamps and sloughs we succeeded in capturing them4 ,then the next trouble came4 ,we had lost one man and all our pack1 and were without supper4 ,being out of hailing distance1 it was by mere chance that we found our man and camp late in the night4 ,our horses had become so frightened that it was necessary to sit up till morning1 to keep them quiet2 so that only two of us could get a dreamy snooze at a time4 ,next morning dawned and our friends were still missing4 ,we journeyed on1 passing down the sloughs to the river4 ,at times it seemed that the whole feathered tribe had met over our heads and all around in one grand carnival1 to consult over the advent of the white man into that swampy country4 ,we had never before beheld such a grand aggregation of waterfowl1 and the writer has never seen its equal since4 ,for a time1 we could not understand each other's talk1 because of the clatter4 ,our next surprise was about five hundred elk which passed in front of us1 but the deep sloughs between prevented our replenishing our scanty store of rations4 ,soon we were pleased at falling in with our lost friends4 ,they had found a lone wagon trail towards the river4 ,we dispatched two of our party to meet the main company1 and the rest of us followed the wagon trail to the river1 where we found a man named ,woods who had got there three days ahead of us1 with a rowboat and a small supply of provisions and groceries4 ,salt pork and hard sea biscuit were selling at seventy-five cents per pound1 and everything else proportionately high4 ,the boat had just been launched4 ,the next day1 when the wagons came in1 we took them apart and crossed in a boat1 all except my wagon2 it being heavy and having the rodometer attached to it1 we got a cable rope and thought to tow the wagon over with the load1 but when it had reached the middle of the river1 which was about fifteen rods wide1 the rope parted and the wagon turned over and over4 ,then ,irwin ,stoddard jumped in and made the rope fast to the hind axle1 and as he could not manage the pole of the wagon1 ,i jumped in to help him4 ,between us1 we liberated the pole1 so that after great exertion and hazard of life we finally succeeded in saving the vehicle1 but we were thoroughly chilled through4 ,we did not cross our animals till next morning1 when we drove them in and they swam over1 and we were soon on our way to and up the ,merced ,river4 ,six of us proceeded ahead of the teams1 traveling on horseback1 to see what we could learn that would be of benefit to the company4 ,on the third day1 ,i think it was1 we came to a small mining camp called ,burns' ,diggings1 on the south side of the ,merced ,river4 ,there we struck a very good prospect1 and stopped until the main company came up4 ,as it was evident that we could take from twelve to fifteen dollars per day to the man1 we advised the company to begin work there1 as the country was so muddy and soft that we could not make much headway in traveling higher into the foot hills4 ,they agreed to accept our advice2 then came a quite laughable performance4 ,those who had been the very worst drones in camp were now the first with the pick and washpan4 ,they pitched into the creek as if they expected to scoop up the gold by shovelfuls1 leaving their teams hitched to their wagons2 while those who had been on hand early and late1 taking a more methodical view of things1 first formed the camp1 got their dinner1 and then went quietly to prospecting up and down the creek4 ,by this time our drones decided there was no gold there1 and that they would go where there was some4 ,what a lesson we learned there of human nature6 ,the next day1 however1 things settled down a little more like business1 after it was ascertained that some had been making from fifteen to twenty-five and fifty1 and some even as high as one hundred dollars per day1 to the man4 ,next day1 ,captain ,egan and five others of our number were elected to go further up into the mountains and prospect for the company1 while the others dug gold4 ,the latter were to keep an account of all they earned1 and when we returned they were to give us an equal share with those who stayed and worked4 ,on these conditions six of us set out on horseback and with pack mules4 ,when we got well into the mountains it began to rain and snow so that we were not able to do much but cut browse for our horses4 ,the snow became so deep that we had to go ahead of our horses and break the road so as to get out4 ,we were soaked to the skin1 and our bedclothes were all wet4 ,our provisions were almost gone2 so we set out for our camp1 after spending ten days in a most miserable condition4 ,we traveled in snow two and a half feet deep from #b p4m4 until #f a4m4 before we succeeded in reaching camp1 when we found that ,apostle ,rich had been there1 and the men had sent every dollar's worth of gold they had dug in our absence to ,stockton for supplies of provisions1 clothing1 tools1 etc41 so there was none left to pay us our proportion4 ,as ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich had brought word that ,brother ,a4 ,pratt desired me to meet him in ,san ,francisco by a certain date1 ,i packed up my effects1 sold my oxen to ,captain ,jefferson ,hunt for two hundred dollars1 and bade adieu to the rest of the camp1 who owed me one hundred dollars1 and they yet owe it4 ,i traveled in company with ,c4 ,c4 ,rich and ,howard ,egan4 ,on the #bjth of ,march1 when we got out of the hills1 we took the main road to ,stockton1 crossing the ,merced1 ,tuolumne1 and ,stanislaus rivers1 all tributaries to the ,san ,joaquin ,river4 ,we arrived in ,stockton on ,march #bhth4 ,the place was at that time a point of debarkation where freight was landed for the many mining camps4 ,there were a few trading establishments and warehouses1 and three or four large gambling houses in and around which were gathered freighters1 packers1 and one of the most motley gangs it has ever been my lot to see4 ,bands of music were in the gambling halls4 ,at one of these ,i noted twelve tables1 four men at each1 armed with bowie knives and revolvers2 and to me it looked as if there were more gold and silver exposed on those twelve tables than six mules could draw4 ,on the street and around the door1 calling on the passers-by to come in and have a free drink and listen to the music1 were men whom ,i soon learned were called cappers1 or ropers-in1 to the gambling hall2 they would steam men up with drink1 get them to gambling1 and rob them4 ,sometimes men would come in from the mines with their buckskin wallets containing three to four hundred dollars' worth of gold4 ,they would stand around with perfect strangers and drink free whisky until they became dazed1 then would set down their wallets of gold on a card1 and the next moment their money would be taken up by the gambler1 who would continue dealing his cards as unconcernedly as he would knock the ashes from his cigar4 ,the poor1 silly miner would turn away with a sickly look1 having not even enough left to get him a change of clothing4 ,he would go into the street with his old miner's clothes on1 without a dime to pay for his supper or to get a night's lodging4 ,sometimes thousands of dollars would change hands in a few moments4 ,this was in the spring of #ahej1 when the strong1 with revolver and bowie knife1 were law1 when gamblers and blacklegs ran many of the towns in ,california4 ,by this time ,i imagine that the reader asks what1 as a missionary1 ,i was doing there4 ,i might answer by quoting the saying of ,christ1 that it was not the righteous but the sinners that ,he had come to call to repentance4 ,but ,i will not offer this excuse1 for it was not applicable2 and as open confession is good for the soul1 ,i will make one1 hoping that it may be not only good for my soul1 but be a warning to all who read it4 ,i was twenty-one years old at the time1 and was alone on the street4 ,i did not know where to go or what to do4 ,my companions had left on business1 and as ,i started along the street ,i met with an old time friend who appeared very much pleased to see me4 ,his pleasure was reciprocated4 ,he asked me to go in and have something to drink2 ,i thanked him and said that ,i was not in the habit of indulging4 ,he said1 ,oh1 come in1 and have a little wine for old friendship's sake4 ,there is no harm in a little wine2 come1 go in and hear the music1 anyway4 ,with that ,i turned in with him to the largest gambling den in the town4 ,the place was packed with men of almost every nationality4 ,this was the house ,i have described4 ,in the time of great excitement1 it must be confessed1 the writer was tempted to lay down a purse of one hundred dollars1 as he had that amount with him4 ,but the next instant the thought came to him1 ,would you try to beat a watchmaker or a gunsmith at his trade8 ,the idea was so absurd that he then thought how foolish it was to try to beat these professional gamblers at their own game4 ,then the disgrace that attached to the act became so repulsive to his nature1 that he felt ashamed that he ever had been tempted2 and to this day1 in a life of seventy-two years1 he has never gambled4 ,he has always felt thankful that that simple thought came to him at that time and place4 ,as soon as ,i could arrange a little business that detained me at ,stockton1 ,i boarded a steamboat called the ,captain ,sutter1 bound for ,san ,francisco1 paying twenty-five dollars for a seventy-five mile ride on the crowded deck4 ,i paid two dollars for a dinner that consisted of tough beef1 poor bread1 and a cup of tea4 ,such were times in ,california in #ahej4 ,we landed at the great wharf in ,san ,francisco about #h o'clock that evening1 ,april #eth4 ,i went up town1 where the streets were crowded1 then returned and slept on the deck of the boat4 ,next morning1 ,i took my trunk to the ,boston ,house1 and leaving it there1 sought friends4 ,i was not long in finding ,brother ,morris1 who directed me to ,brother ,cade's1 who1 together with his good lady1 received me very kindly4 ,he inquired if ,i had any place to stop at1 and when ,i told him no1 he said1 ,stop and have dinner with us1 then bring your trunk here and stay until you can do better1 if you can do with such fare as we have4 ,we are old and cannot do very well1 but you are welcome to stay with us as long as my old lady can cook for us4 ,with thanks1 the writer accepted the kind offer1 and from there visited the ,saints in ,san ,francisco4 ,i met ,amasa ,m4 ,lyman and ,charles ,c4 ,rich1 two of the ,twelve ,apostles1 also found ,addison ,pratt1 my fellow missionary4 ,brother and ,sister ,cade were not willing that ,i should stop over night at any other place1 or pay for my washing4 ,the good old lady said she had money enough to last her while she lived and pay for the washing of my clothes4 ,sister ,ivins1 who lived near by1 sent for my clothes and had them well laundered4 ,while ,i stayed there1 ,sister ,cade presented me with five dollars and a nice silk handkerchief1 and the old gentleman gave me a good inkstand4 ,sister ,patch1 who lived near by1 gave me five dollars and a silk vest1 and many of the ,saints showed us favors4 ,on ,april #aith we carried our trunks on board the brig ,frederick1 ,captain ,dunham commanding4 ,the fare was one hundred dollars each1 in the cabin4 ,we returned on shore and stayed over night1 and having received our instructions and blessings from ,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 we boarded the vessel at #f o'clock a4m41 ,april #bj1 and sailed away to the southwest1 for the island of ,tahiti1 ,south ,pacific ,ocean4 ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,,sailing ,,for ,,the ,,south ,,pacific--,,severe ,,attack ,,of ,,seasickness--,,becalmed ,,in ,,the ,,tropics--,,intense ,,heat--,,marquesas ,,islands--,,cannibals--,,reach ,,tahiti--,,land ,,at ,,papeete--,,meet ,,with ,,friends--,,hearty ,,welcome--,,preaching ,,to ,,the ,,natives--,,animosity ,,of ,,protestants ,,and ,,catholics ,,toward ,,the ,,mormons--,,jealousy ,,of ,,french ,,government ,,officials ,,on ,,the ,,island--,,watched ,,by ,,detectives--,,six ,,natives ,,baptized--,,learning ,,the ,,language--,,rumors ,,of ,,an ,,intention ,,to ,,expel ,,the ,,mormons--,,elders ,b4 ,f4 ,,grouard ,,and ,t4 ,,whitaker ,,arrested--,,appeal ,,for ,,aid--,,their ,,release ,,and ,,return ,,to ,,their ,,missionary ,,labors--,,meet ,,with ,,brother ,,pratt ,,again--,,interview ,,with ,,the ,,governor--,,that ,,official ,,refuses ,,elders ,,pratt ,,and ,,brown ,,permission ,,to ,,visit ,,another ,,island--,,scarcity ,,of ,,food ,,at ,,huaua--,,eating ,,seasnails ,,and ,,bugs--,,strange ,,dishes ,,of ,,food--,,almost ,,perish ,,from ,,thirst--,,visit ,,to ,,tiarara--,,acquiring ,,the ,,language4 ,,leaving ,san ,francisco on ,april #bj1 #ahej1 the wind being fair1 we made about eight knots per hour1 and soon lost sight of the land over which the ,stars and ,stripes waves4 ,the writer became very seasick1 and remained so for the voyage4 ,he was seven days without an action of his bowels1 and he could not retain any kind of food on his stomach until we got down in the tropics1 when two flying fish flew aboard ship at night1 and the steward cooked them for the sick man4 ,that was the first thing he had a relish for4 ,the captain said that if he had ever heard of anybody dying of seasickness he would have had no hopes of getting the writer ashore4 ,the monotony of the voyage was broken only by vast fields of seaweed1 so dense that it greatly impeded our progress4 ,seabirds and fish were very plentiful1 and many times attracted the attention of the voyagers1 who caught several kinds of fish1 including dolphin1 shark and porpoise4 ,the fishing afforded some amusing sport1 the writer gaining courage enough at one time to crawl out on the jibboom and catch one fish4 ,the most trying event of the whole voyage was a calm in the torrid zone1 where we lay for eight days2 it was said that in that time we gained only eight miles4 ,during that calm all the pitch broiled out of the seams of the deck1 making it leak so that it had to be recalked and repitched4 ,it became so hot that a man could not endure his bare feet on it1 and if it had not been for the seamen throwing water on deck it seemed that we could not have lived through the terrible ordeal4 ,finally a gentle breeze came to our relief1 and we were wafted in sight of the ,marquesas ,islands4 ,we passed so close to these that the captain expressed a fear that we were in danger of being attacked by the natives of ,nukahuia1 the principal island4 ,he said they were cannibals1 and that small vessels had been captured by the natives coming off in such numbers1 in canoes1 as to overpower the crews4 ,hence he thought it dangerous to be so close with such light winds as we had4 ,the wind soon freshened to a gale1 and thus our fears were allayed as we bore down close along to the northward of the ,tuamotu group1 sighting some of them1 to ,tahiti1 on which we landed on ,may #bd1 #ahej4 ,tahiti is the principal island of the ,society group2 it is said to be eighty miles in length1 varying from two miles at the isthmus to forty miles in the widest place4 ,the highest mountain summit is said to be five thousand feet or more4 ,the capital1 ,papeete1 is in latitude #ag degrees #cb minutes south1 longitude #add degrees #cd minutes west4 ,the islands were invaded by the ,french in #ahdc4 ,in #ahdg the war was concluded1 but not until much blood had been spilled and the country laid waste4 ,then a ,french protectorate was established there1 and consequently1 at the time we arrived1 we found ourselves under the ,french flag1 and had to apply to ,governor ,bonard for permission to go on shore4 ,this was granted1 but very reluctantly1 and we paid the secretary three francs for each of us4 ,once on shore1 we found ,brother ,pratt's old friends1 ,hamatua and ,pohe1 who treated us very kindly and on ,may #beth got our baggage from the vessel1 then took us in their boat around the northeast of the island to their home in a little village called ,huaua1 where we were met by their families and six or seven ,church members4 ,it seemed to be impossible for them to rejoice any more than they did1 and under the circumstances we could not be treated with greater kindness4 ,they provided us with the best the land produced1 making us cordially welcome4 ,brother ,pratt preached to them1 while ,i was deaf and dumb1 so far as the spoken language was concerned2 but the actions of the natives spoke louder than words4 ,when it came to meal time1 they spread before us roast pig1 and fish1 taro1 fais1 bananas1 cocoanuts1 sweet-potatoes1 popoie1 oranges1 pine and vee apples1 doavas1 bread fruit1 etc4 ,we had appetites equal to the occasion1 and felt no remorse for not having done justice to the table1 or to the chest which was a substitute for a table4 ,we soon learned that the ,protestant ministers and ,catholic priest were very much prejudiced against us1 and were doing all they could to prevent the people receiving us into their houses1 advising them not to hold any conversation with us1 or attend our meetings4 ,we also learned that the government officials were jealous of ,mormon influence1 and that a watch was kept over us1 in other words1 the natives said that detectives were on our track1 and that a ship of war had been sent to ,tubuoi for ,elders ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard and ,t4 ,whitaker1 who were on that island as ,mormon missionaries1 and who had been accused of speaking against the government4 ,it may be imagined1 therefore1 that in all respects our stay was not so pleasant as otherwise it might have been4 ,as it was1 however1 we made the best of the situation4 ,brother ,pratt preached and talked much of the time to a few who gathered around1 and he soon baptized six persons4 ,i studied the language by committing a few words to memory1 then forming them into sentences1 and having them corrected by the natives4 ,then1 when ,i heard one tell another what to do1 ,i watched what was done4 ,i collected many sentences1 and walked the beach till ,i committed them to memory4 ,at first it seemed a very difficult task to catch the sounds1 but in a short time ,i could begin to understand1 and then to talk4 ,for a change ,i would rest myself from studying the language by practicing reading and writing1 having provided myself with copybooks and other necessary material before leaving ,san ,francisco4 ,the home we had been made so welcome to was situated a few rods from the beach1 and between two little streams of water that came tumbling down from the steep precipices in the background into a small valley1 which was heavily timbered4 ,there were some six or seven small huts or dwellings and twenty-five or thirty people all told4 ,no business was carried on further than gathering the fruit that grew1 uncultivated1 in abundance for the needs of the population2 and with little effort they caught fish as they cared to consume it4 ,as most of the people of the village were quiet and peaceable1 it will be understood why we called the place our lonely retreat1 or lonely ,huaua4 ,we visited other villages occasionally1 and tried to interest the inhabitants and preach to them1 but in vain4 ,they would give us food1 and sometimes offered to keep us over night1 but as a rule they were very cold and indifferent towards us4 ,under the circumstances the best we could do was to study the language and prepare ourselves for future usefulness as the way might open4 ,meanwhile1 many rumors were in circulation about the ,french driving the ,mormons out of the country2 and the ,protestant ministers and ,catholic priest seemed to spare no pains to spread all the slanderous stories they ever had heard about the ,mormons4 ,so many rumors were in circulation that we did not know what to believe1 so we remained in suspense till ,july #ag1 when1 to our surprise1 ,brother ,grouard came in through a heavy rain and told us that he and ,brother ,whitaker had been brought from ,tubuoi1 where they had been building a small schooner for the use of the mission4 ,he said they had been arrested on the charge of speaking against the ,french government4 ,they had landed that morning from a ship of war1 and he had got permission to come and see us1 but had to return that evening so as to be at the trial next morning4 ,he had left a horse five miles back1 because the road was so rough that he could cover the distance on foot quicker than on horseback1 and had no time to lose4 ,he greatly desired that ,brother ,pratt and ,i should be at his trial4 ,said he1 ,i am innocent1 but ,i do not know what they will prove1 and we want you to stand by us4 ,so it was agreed that ,brother ,hamatua and ,i should go on foot early next morning1 and ,brothers ,pratt and ,pohe would come as soon as the wind quieted down1 as it was then too high to venture out in the boat4 ,brother ,hamatua and ,i set out early in the morning1 in a heavy rain1 which continued to pour down till we reached ,papeete1 at #aa o'clock1 when we met ,brother ,grouard coming from his trial1 he having been discharged4 ,he said ,brother ,whitaker would also be acquitted1 although the prejudice against them was very strong4 ,brothers ,grouard and ,whitaker thought the government would board and lodge them at least till it got ready to return them home again1 but in this they were mistaken1 so they and ,i did the best we could for ourselves4 ,we soon learned that the steamship ,sarien would leave for ,tubuoi in three or four days1 and the brethren would be taken back on that4 ,brother ,grouard sought the permission of the governor for ,brother ,pratt and me to go on the ,sarien with him4 ,this was refused on the ground that two ,mormon missionaries were enough on that island4 ,the governor did not wish any more to go until he knew more about them4 ,the wind kept so high that ,brother ,pratt did not reach ,papeete until ,brothers ,grouard and ,whitaker had been acquitted and had gone4 ,i had started home1 and was overhauled by ,brother ,grouard1 who said something had broken on the ship and they had to stop to repair it2 that he could not remain to see ,brother ,pratt1 but would stay with me as long as he could4 ,he had only a few moments to stop1 so ,i proceeded about six miles1 when ,i learned that ,brother ,pratt was on the way by boat4 ,upon obtaining this information ,i went back to the house where we had stayed two or three nights1 finding the place barren and uninviting4 ,everything was very lonely with no friends there4 ,i feared that ,i would be alone that night1 but at last ,brother ,pratt came4 ,the boat had stopped1 with our bedding and provisions1 three or four miles up the coast4 ,although the night was very dark1 and the road lay through the woods and across creeks1 ,brother ,pratt thought we had better try to make the boat for the night1 as we had to give up going to ,tubuoi4 ,this course was followed1 and we found our friends and bedding all right4 ,not being satisfied1 however1 with the situation1 we went back to ,papeete next morning1 to see the governor ourselves4 ,when we met him1 ,brother ,pratt asked the reason why we could not be free to go where we chose4 ,he replied that there had been some trouble with ,mr4 ,grouard1 and as it was his business to look after government affairs1 he wished to inquire into the matter further before permitting more ,american missionaries to go there4 ,said he3 ,while ,i do not wish to interfere with religion1 it is my duty to keep peace1 and if you will call again in a month or six weeks1 ,i will let you know more about it4 ,at this we went to the boat1 and with our friends returned to lonely ,huaua4 ,indeed1 if it had not been for our friends ,hamatua and ,pohe and their families1 our stay at the place for some time after this would have been very uncomfortable4 ,food had become very scarce1 so that we had to eat seasnails1 and bugs that played on the surface of salt water pools4 ,these bugs were about the size of the end of a man's thumb2 in form and action they very much resembled the little black bugs found along the edges of our fresh water streams1 and called by some people mellow bugs4 ,i submit that a dish of these1 without pepper or salt1 was a strange sight to present to a white man--their legs sticking out in all directions2 yet1 when a man has gone long enough without food1 they become quite tempting1 and he is not very particular about the legs1 either4 ,we also had other strange dishes set before us4 ,when other food failed1 the natives would go to the mouths of small fresh water streams1 and dig in the sands1 just where the high tide flowed1 and at a depth of twelve to eighteen inches they would find a something that resembled young snakes more than anything else ,i can compare them to4 ,they were from six to ten inches in length1 had a snake's mouth1 and a spinal column1 or we should have called them worms2 they were without fins1 or we might have called them eels4 ,the natives had a name for them1 but ,i have forgotten it4 ,when they were boiled in salt water--put a quart or two into a pot of cold seawater1 then hang them over the fire and see them squirm a few moments--they were ready for the missionary's meal1 taken without pepper or salt4 ,when cooked1 a person seizes one by the head and extracts it from the dish1 or the banana leaf1 as the case may be4 ,he retains the head between his thumb and forefinger1 then takes hold of the body with his teeth1 draws it through these1 and thus strips off the flesh in his mouth4 ,he then lays down the head and backbone1 and repeats the operation until he has completed his repast4 ,just a moment1 my friendly reader2 we have another dish for you on the ,society ,islands1 that you may enjoy better4 ,it is a peculiar kind of fish1 very rare indeed1 for they seldom appear more than once or twice in a year3 then they are present by myriads4 ,they come up out of the sea into the fresh water streams so thickly that they can be dipped up with a frying-pan or bucket4 ,sometimes the natives dip them up with an open bucket1 or with a sack having a hoop in the mouth1 thus taking them by bushels4 ,these fish are of a dark color1 and from half an inch to an inch and a quarter long4 ,when boiled they look like boiled rice1 and a man can eat about as many of them as he can grains of that vegetable4 ,when they are eaten with the cream of the cocoanut they are quite palatable4 ,this dish is not very common1 as ,i remember seeing it in only three or four places4 ,besides the dish named1 we had a small shellfish called maava4 ,it lives in a shell so much like a snail's that we called it a seasnail4 ,it was cooked in the shell1 and was quite acceptable for a change in hard times4 ,we also had a large shellfish called pahua2 again1 we had a jelly-fish which1 when taken and laid in a dish1 very much resembled the white of an egg2 it had neither scales nor bones1 and was eaten raw1 without pepper or salt4 ,still another course of food which we had was wild boar from the mountains4 ,i can only say that the flesh is hard and tough4 ,brother ,pratt shot a boar with his shotgun4 ,this pleased the natives very much4 ,i also gave chase to one which led me so far away from water that ,i felt ,i should die of thirst and heat4 ,on my descent returning1 ,i came to a lone cocoanut tree that had plenty of nuts on4 ,i tried in vain to climb the tree2 then ,i clubbed the nuts that were only forty feet or so up1 but finding that it was impossible to obtain drink in that way1 ,i sat down in the shade in despair1 and felt for a moment that ,i could not live to reach water4 ,at last my nerves became somewhat steadied1 and ,i took aim at the stem of a nut1 it being not so thick as my little finger4 ,the bullet cut one stem entirely away and passed through another close to the nut4 ,thus two cocoanuts dropped1 and hopes of life sprung up anew1 only to perish1 for ,i found it impossible to open the nuts4 ,after a brief rest1 ,i started down the mountain again1 and succeeded in reaching a cocoanut grove where an old man was throwing down nuts4 ,i told him of my suffering and he hastened down1 opened a nut1 and gave me a drink that was most refreshing4 ,may he receive a prophet's reward1 for he gave me drink when it seemed that life was fast ebbing away4 ,the welcome draught refreshed me so that ,i gained the village early1 being wiser for the experience of following wild boars in the mountains away from water4 ,although the temptation came to me several times afterward1 ,i never chased a wild boar again2 but at one time ,i killed one which appeared to be about two years old1 without a chase4 ,this1 and hunting ducks and fishing a little1 greatly relieved the monotony of our involuntary stay4 ,for a change from our living at ,huaua1 ,i went to visit ,pohe1 nephew of my old friend ,hamatua1 who lived at ,tiara1 three miles up the coast1 making my home with him4 ,i visited among the people there1 and by hearing none but the ,tahitian language spoken1 ,i progressed very fast therein2 indeed my progress astonished the natives at ,tiara1 who said4 ,the ,lord helps the ,mormon missionaries learn our language1 for in three months they speak it better than other foreigners do in five years4 ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,,offer ,,of ,,transportation ,,to ,,the ,,island ,,of ,,tubuoi--,,apply ,,to ,,the ,,governor ,,for ,,permission ,,to ,,go--,,troops ,,on ,,parade--,,suite ,,of ,,queen ,,pomere--,,call ,,on ,,the ,,governor--,,conversation ,,in ,,three ,,languages--,,directed ,,to ,,come ,,again ,,next ,,day--,,put ,,off ,,by ,,the ,,governor--,,latter ,,refuses ,,the ,,permission ,,asked--,,his ,,prejudice ,,against ,,the ,,mormons--,,demands ,a ,,statement ,,of ,,their ,,doctrines--,,not ,,required ,,of ,,other ,,denominations--,,writer',s ,,interview ,,with ,,the ,,governor--,,return ,,to ,,huaua--,,other ,,elders ,,requested ,,to ,,assemble ,,there--,,bitterness ,,of ,,protestant ,,ministers--,,natives ,,comment ,,on ,,mormons ,,learning ,,their ,,language ,,quickly4 ,,during my stay at ,tiara1 news came to ,brother ,pratt that a schooner from ,lurutu was at ,papeete1 and that the captain had proffered to take us to ,tubuoi free of charge4 ,on receiving this message ,i returned at once to ,huaua4 ,brother ,pratt requested me to visit ,governor ,bonard1 and see if we could get permission to make the trip1 it being near the time when we were to call on him again4 ,it was necessary for us to give him eight days' notice of our coming1 and as the vessel was to sail in ten days1 there was no time to lose4 ,on ,august #ith ,i set out1 two native boys accompanying me4 ,when we reached ,hapape1 we saw there about four hundred soldiers4 ,then we met ,governor ,bonard and staff1 and after them saw ,queen ,pomere and suite1 all in their military dress4 ,it was difficult to tell which made the finest appearance4 ,on our arrival in ,papeete we were told that the troops had gone out on dress parade and review1 preparatory to sailing to the island of ,huhine1 to settle some trouble between the natives of that island and some shipwrecked foreigners4 ,it was late when we reached ,papeete1 and we went to the house of a native named ,didi1 staying over night2 he was very kind to us4 ,i also met with the owner of the ,lurutu vessel1 who told me he would take us to ,tubuoi free of charge1 if we wished to go4 ,he seemed very friendly toward us4 ,the next day1 ,august #ajth1 ,i went to see the governor4 ,i met a sentinel at the gate1 who ordered me to halt4 ,then he called for the officer of the day1 who told me to wait till he gave notice to the governor4 ,the officer went in1 and soon returned and beckoned me forward4 ,i advanced past a second sentinel1 when the officer ushered me into the presence of his excellency1 who rose from his seat and met me4 ,when we had shaken hands1 he very politely bade me to be seated1 and then said pleasantly3 ,do you speak ,english8 ,this question being answered in the affirmative1 he said1 ,me speak lete4 ,then we entered upon a conversation4 ,as ,i understood a little ,french1 and both of us could speak a limited amount of ,tahitian1 we made a jargon of one-third ,english1 one-third ,french1 and one-third ,tahitian4 ,then we laughed heartily at each other because of our novel attempts in the three languages4 ,the governor invited me to call next morning1 when his ,french captain1 who could speak ,english1 would be there4 ,then1 with ,french politeness1 he bowed me out and off4 ,next morning ,i went1 and met the governor going to church4 ,he said he had forgotten it was ,sunday1 so ,i would have to wait an hour or two1 and come again4 ,this ,i did1 being stopped by the sentinel as before1 going through all the ceremonies of the previous visit1 and being ushered into the same room4 ,i met the ,english-speaking captain1 to whom ,i made my business known4 ,said he1 ,the governor declines to grant your request4 ,i was not disappointed1 for ,i was well satisfied from what ,i had learned the day before that that would be the result1 but as the talk had not been very conclusive1 ,i had called for a clearer understanding1 hoping the governor might yield when he understood us better4 ,in this ,i was mistaken1 however1 as it seemed the governor was thoroughly filled with prejudice against even the name of ,mormon ,elder4 ,i asked ,governor ,bonard his reasons for detaining us where we were4 ,he said that in the first place he had no proof that we were good men1 and he wished to know what we would preach1 and what our doctrines and faith were4 ,i told him that we preached the ,gospel which ,jesus ,christ and ,his ,apostles preached1 and could produce our credentials1 if he desired to see them4 ,he said no1 he did not wish that of us2 neither did he wish to interfere with religious matters1 but it was for peace in the country that he wished us to stop there2 for if we and everybody who desired it were allowed to set forth new doctrines among the people1 and get them divided among themselves1 they would be fighting1 and it was his place to keep the peace4 ,said he1 ,before you go from this island1 ,i wish to know more about your doctrine4 ,i told him that was what we wished him and every good man to know1 and to embrace it if he would4 ,then he said that he desired the ,mormon ,elders to get together1 and make a declaration of what they would preach and how far they would obey the laws4 ,i replied that that was just what we wished to do1 but if he refused us the privilege of going to ,tubuoi we did not know when we could get together4 ,said he1 ,you had better write to your friends at ,tubuoi1 and have them come here4 ,your faces are strange to me1 and you are from a foreign country4 ,we have no proof that you are good men4 ,the doctrine you preach is new to me and if you will gather all your white brethren1 and make a declaration of the doctrine you preach1 and how far you will obey the laws of the land1 signing your names to it1 then1 if ,i accept of it as being good doctrine1 you will have liberty to go anywhere you wish1 and have our protection4 ,my answer was that we had no objection to acquainting him with our doctrine4 ,i asked him if he made the same requirement of other denominations that he did of us1 and received the information that he did not4 ,upon this1 ,i inquired why he made it of us1 and he stated that there had been some difficulty already with ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard4 ,well1 said ,i1 did you not acquit ,grouard8 ,yes1 he said1 but we would like to look further into the matter1 and if possible prevent further trouble4 ,they had lost two good seamen going after ,grouard1 and one fell overboard on the return trip1 but they succeeded in rescuing him4 ,when ,i found that ,i could not prevail on the governor to allow us our liberty1 ,i left and visited the captain of the ,lurutu4 ,with him ,i boarded his novel vessel4 ,it was of very frail construction2 all the stays and braces were made by hand from the bark of a tree called by the natives burson1 and resembling somewhat the basswood of the ,eastern and ,middle ,states4 ,the captain said he sailed by the sun by day1 and at night by the moon and stars1 but in cloudy weather by instinct1 or guess4 ,i asked if they did not get lost sometimes2 he said no1 they were well acquainted with the sea4 ,they had been three years in building the schooner4 ,it would carry about forty tons4 ,the crew conveyed the products of their island three hundred and sixty miles to ,tahiti principally1 but occasionally to other islands4 ,to me the vessel appeared a frail craft1 and wholly without comforts1 for white men at least4 ,having satisfied my curiosity about the strange craft1 ,i returned to ,huaua on ,august #aa1 and reported results to ,president ,pratt1 who wrote immediately to the different ,elders to come and sign with us the document the governor had suggested4 ,the mails were so irregular and uncertain that we had not the remotest idea when our release would come1 for if ever our letters were received by the ,elders1 it might be three or even six months before they could get a passage to ,tahiti4 ,thus the reader can see that we were doomed to tarry almost as prisoners in the little valley of ,huaua1 which was only about eighty rods wide by one hundred and fifty in length1 being bounded on the south by high1 steep mountains1 that were almost impossible to cross1 at least by a white man not accustomed to climbing them2 and on the northeast the open sea rolled and surged upon the rocks and the sandy beach1 to within fifteen rods of where we slept1 our heads being not more than ten feet above high water mark4 ,this was not all2 for the ,protestant ministers were very bitter against us1 and so prejudiced that it was useless for us to try to enlighten them in regard to ourselves or our faith4 ,they seemed to spare no pains in spreading their venom among the people1 and in every way possible intimidated the natives so that our friends were but few1 though our enemies had no power over them4 ,with the aid of a book1 however1 we could improve in the language1 and did so to the extent that when we had been there five months the natives who were not of us said1 ,surely the ,lord is with the ,mormons1 for in five months they speak our language better than other foreigners do in five years4 ,no one can learn our language like the ,mormon ,elders unless the ,lord helps them4 ,thus encouraged1 we bore our imprisonment the best we could4 ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,,visit ,,to ,,papeete--,,duck-,,hunting ,,trip--,a ,,peculiar ,,woman--,,along ,a ,,perilous ,,path--,,an ,,opinion ,,of ,,english ,,ministers--,,arrival ,,of ,,elder ,s4 ,a4 ,,dunn--,,learn ,,of ,,more ,,missionaries ,,arriving ,,at ,,tubuoi--,,news ,,from ,,my ,,father ,,and ,,others--,,letters ,,from ,,the ,,first ,,presidency ,,and ,,some ,,of ,,the ,,apostles--,,written ,,statement ,,sent ,,to ,,the ,,governor ,,of ,,tahiti--,,visit ,,the ,,governor--,,our ,,statement ,,rejected--,,list ,,of ,,questions ,,and ,,statement ,,presented ,,by ,,the ,,governor--,,reply ,,of ,,elder ,a4 ,,pratt--,,objections ,,by ,,the ,,governor--,,permission ,,given ,,us ,,to ,,travel ,,and ,,preach ,,on ,,the ,,islands4 ,,on ,september #eth1 #ahej1 ,i met with the opportunity of going to ,papeete in a boat that was passing4 ,my friends took me out in a canoe to the larger vessel4 ,i was very seasick4 ,the wind was so high that in two hours we were in ,taunoa1 where we stayed over night4 ,on the #fth we got to ,papeete1 where ,i received a letter from ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard4 ,i answered it the same day4 ,we found friends who treated us very kindly2 then returned to our lonely retreat1 traveling through a heavy rainstorm all the way4 ,we continued our studies without anything to vary the monotony until ,october #bnd1 when ,president ,pratt and ,hamatua1 and three children from the latter's family1 took their blankets and went into the mountains for a change1 while ,i made a visit to my friend ,pohe to get my books1 which had been left with him4 ,when ,i returned ,i continued my studies alone until ,brother ,pratt and party came back2 then1 on ,september #aeth1 ,i went to ,papeno1 duck-hunting4 ,as ,sister ,hamatua had some relatives there1 she and her stepdaughter accompanied me1 thinking that my stay would be made more pleasant4 ,sister ,hamatua was between fifty and sixty years of age1 was well versed in the scriptures1 and as true to her religion as anyone ,i have ever met4 ,she had never had any children of her own1 and yet she had taken three young babes1 from their birth1 and nursed them at her own breast1 and gave them suck and reared them4 ,i think one mother had died at her child's birth1 and with another child the young mother had cast it away to die1 as it was illegitimate1 and she denied its being her child4 ,the third had been promised to ,sister ,hamatua before its birth1 and at that time she claimed it and took it home the same hour4 ,i saw the children1 and the natives bore witness to the truth of the narrative here given4 ,the youngest child was princess of ,tubuoi1 her name was ,aura1 and at the time ,i write of she was a bright girl of eight years4 ,we went on our journey to ,papeno1 passing down along the cliffs of rock and precipitous and deep1 dark caverns that were almost impassable4 ,the shrieking and howling of the wind as it was forced up through the crevices in the rocks by the surging waves from the open sea1 combined with the dangers of the route1 had such an effect on my nerves that ,i have never desired a repetition of the hazardous trip1 though ,i traveled many times on the ,brom 7state road71 parallel with the perilous path4 ,i had no desire to pass over or even to think of the jeopardy we were in on that terrible trail4 ,suffice it to say1 that we reached our journey's end in safety1 and stayed with the governor of the village1 who treated us very kindly4 ,we returned next day1 the #afth of ,september4 ,on our way we saw a ship heading for ,papeete4 ,this gave us hope that we would get some news from the outer world4 ,september #bbnd4 ,pipitila and ,i started for ,papeete1 thinking we would meet with the ,elders1 or at least get some word from them4 ,all that we could learn was that they were expected in ,tubuoi instead of in ,tahiti4 ,we stayed in ,taunaa1 where we met with friends who treated us well4 ,one old man said that he had become tired of the ,english ministers1 for they preached one thing and did the opposite4 ,said he1 ,i have been a fool that has no eyes all my life4 ,i have belonged to the ,protestant church ever since it has been here1 and still ,i am like a fool1 for ,i am black or dark in my heart4 ,i have tried ever since the missionaries came to get light4 ,they came and went back and died1 and still ,i am a fool1 and darkness fills my soul1 for ,i never learned before that ,christ was baptized4 ,you have given me the first light that ,i have ever had on the ,gospel4 ,we returned to our home on ,september #beth and found all well4 ,on ,october #crd friends from ,tiara came to visit us1 and for a time broke the monotony of our island-prison life4 ,nothing out of the usual happened till ,november #fth1 when ,i was ready to start on a trip of inquiry4 ,a little girl came in and said there was an old white man out at the creek1 and that he was asking for ,brother ,pratt4 ,in a few minutes ,brother ,s4 ,a4 ,dunn came in1 and to our great surprise and joy he brought word that ,brother ,pratt's family and a company of ,elders had arrived at ,tubuoi1 all well4 ,he had letters for us1 too4 ,i received one from my father--the first word that ,i had had since #ahdg4 ,i also had a letter from my old friend and comrade1 ,jonathan ,c4 ,holmes1 stating that my ,uncle ,alexander ,stephens had been wounded in a battle with the ,ute ,indians in ,utah ,county1 but that he was getting around again very well4 ,brother ,pratt received letters from the ,first ,presidency of the ,church1 also from ,apostles ,amasa ,m4 ,lyman and ,charles ,c4 ,rich1 all bringing good news and words of encouragement to us4 ,elder ,dunn told us that he had called on ,governor ,bonard1 who seemed very pleasant and who told him that as soon as we would get together and make a statement of what we would preach1 and signed the same1 we would have liberty to go where we chose1 and should have the protection of the ,french government4 ,november #hth we wrote as follows to the governor3 ,whereas1 we1 the undersigned1 have been requested by his excellency1 ,governor ,bonard1 of ,tahiti1 to make a statement of the intentions of our mission to the ,society ,islands1 in compliance therewith we proceed to give the following3 #ast4 ,to preach the everlasting ,gospel1 which brings life and salvation to the children of men4 ',for ,i am not ashamed of the ,gospel of ,christ1 for it is the power of ,god unto salvation to every one that believeth1 to the ,jew first1 and also to the ,greek4'--7,romans #a3af47 #bnd4 ,to teach the people by precept and by example the habits of virtue and industry1 which are so desirable to the happiness and prosperity of civilized life4 #crd4 ,to observe and keep the laws of every land wherein we dwell1 so far as it is required of preachers of the ,gospel in ,christian countries2 and to teach and admonish the people to observe and keep the laws of the land4 ,huaua1 ,tahiti1 ,november #h1 #ahej4 ,signed ,addison ,pratt1 ,simeon ,a4 ,dunn1 ,james ,s4 ,brown4 ,we started on ,november #ajth to see the governor and present to him the foregoing4 ,traveling on foot1 we went to ,papeno1 where we were very kindly received by the governor1 at whose house we stopped over night4 ,many of his friends called to see and greet us4 ,on the #aath we proceeded to ,papeete1 arriving there in time to pass the guard and be ushered into the governor's office1 where we were received very coldly4 ,the governor was engaged talking with two officers4 ,we stood until observed1 from a side room1 by a ,french officer1 who invited us 7speaking in ,english7 to come in and be seated2 he then called an interpreter4 ,when the latter came he looked over the article that we had presented1 and rejected it4 ,then he produced one which the governor had had drawn up1 and which he read as follows3 ,on my arrival at ,tahiti1 two or three persons styled ,mormon missionaries were residing either at ,tubuoi or at the ,pamutus4 ,as they were already there1 ,i thought it proper to allow them to remain1 considering the small number of persons forming the mission1 upon conditions1 however1 that they attended strictly to the laws which govern the lands of the protectorate1 not interfering in any way with politics or civil matters1 but solely religious1 with which ,i have no intention whatever to interfere4 ,now that a large number of persons attached to the ,mormon mission request permission to reside at the ,society ,islands1 tending to create a sort of church government embracing all the lands of the protectorate of ,france1 to create1 it might be said1 a new existence in the population of the islands1 it is now my duty to interfere4 ,i requested to be informed as to what are the means of the ,mormons for their living4 #ast4 ,from whence the society of ,mormon missionaries derive the power of forming themselves into a body8 #bnd4 ,what are the forms of government and the discipline which govern this society8 #crd4 ,what guarantee of morality and good conduct do they require from members appointed as missionaries for the foreigners8 #dth4 ,what guarantee do they require before conferring grades and offices on natives8 #eth4 ,what duty do they require either from foreigners or from native members1 not including religious dogmas1 with which ,i shall not interfere8 #fth4 ,what number of religious services do they hold weekly or monthly8 #gth4 ,finally1 what morals do the ,mormons preach8 ,these questions put1 and satisfactorily answered4 ,this is what it is my duty to make known to the ,mormon missionaries3 ,as men1 they1 as all foreigners1 are permitted to reside in the islands of the protectorate1 and have a right to ,french protection by conforming themselves to the laws of the country2 as missionaries1 with an open pulpit which might consequently give them great influence over the population1 and create1 as it were1 a new power1 it is my duty to impose conditions that they guarantee1 consequently3 #ast4 ,the ,mormon missionaries shall bind themselves to preach their religion without interfering in any way or under any pretext with politics or civil matters4 #bnd4 ,they shall withhold from speaking from the pulpit against the religion established in the islands of the protectorate1 or the laws and the acts emanating from the authorities4 #crd4 ,they shall not exact from the inhabitants of the islands of the protectorate any tax1 either in money1 labor1 provisions or material4 #dth4 ,they shall not inflict penalties upon any one1 either in money1 labor1 provisions1 or material1 for failing to comply with the rules of the religion they preach4 #eth4 ,they cannot acquire land in the name of the society1 without the approbation of the protectorate government4 #fth4 ,no person can be allowed to unite himself with them1 as a ,mormon missionary1 in the ,society ,islands1 before having signed that he adheres to the present declaration1 and whenever proof might be made of guilt of an infringement of these articles1 it would occasion his exclusion from the islands of the protectorate4 ,the persons calling themselves ,mormon missionaries1 and who sent a delegate to me whom ,i could not recognize officially1 are hereby informed that before ,i can authorize them as a society they must reply categorically to the questions which ,i have put to them2 that until then their residence is illegal1 and ,i refuse1 as it is my duty to do1 all authorization to the ,mormon missionaries to take up their residence4 ,moreover1 it is my duty to inform them that when they are constituted a society no meetings1 except on days regularly known as days of prayer and preaching1 can be held without the permission of the authorities1 on pain of being prosecuted according to law4 ,when this long and proscriptive roll had been read and strongly emphasized1 we were handed a copy1 and the interpreter said we could make such answers as we saw fit4 ,at this we went to a quiet place1 and on ,november #abth ,president ,pratt wrote out the following reply3 ,as it has been requested by his excellency1 the governor of ,tahiti1 to give answer to certain questions that he has propounded to us1 we herein comply3 #ast4 ,first1 as it is declared in the ,new ,testament of our ,lord and ,savior ,jesus ,christ1 that they that preach the ,gospel shall live off the ,gospel1 we are sent forth by the authority of the ,church to which we belong with expectation that those to whom we preach will contribute to our necessities1 so far as life and health are concerned1 of their own free will4 ,second1 we have no authority from those who sent us to the islands to form ourselves into a body compact1 either civil or religious1 nor have we any intention of so doing4 ,third1 the reason of our going to ,tubuoi is this3 ,i1 ,addison ,pratt1 arrived at ,tubuoi in the year #ahdd1 in the capacity of a missionary of the ,gospel of ,jesus ,christ4 ,i remained there in that capacity about nineteen months1 and when ,i was about to leave there ,i was invited1 by the authorities of the island then in power1 to return to them with my family1 and reside with them as their preacher4 ,they wished also to be instructed in the arts and sciences of civilized life4 ,after ,i left ,tubuoi1 ,i went to ,anaa1 to assist ,mr4 ,grouard in his missionary labors1 having been sent for by request of the people living there4 ,i remained at ,anaa about nine months1 and while there a general conference was held1 by the people we had baptized1 on the #fth of ,october1 #ahdf4 ,at that meeting a request was made by the people of whom ,aniipa was head1 to send by me to our ,church1 in ,north ,america1 for more missionaries to assist ,mr4 ,grouard and myself1 as the ,gospel had spread in several islands of that group4 ,the company that has arrived at ,tubuoi are the missionaries who have been sent for1 as ,i returned to ,north ,america in the year #ahdg and laid the minutes of the conference held at ,anaa1 and the request of the people of ,tubuoi1 before the ,church4 ,a part of that company now at ,tubuoi are preachers of the ,gospel1 and a part of them are mechanics and husbandmen2 they have brought with them tools and seeds for carrying out the object for which they were sent4 #bnd4 ,the forms of government by which the society is governed are those set forth by ,jesus ,christ and ,his ,apostles1 as laid down in the ,new ,testament1 to which we have referred4 #crd4 ,we request them to be strictly virtuous in every sense of the word1 observing and keeping the laws of the land wherein they dwell1 and teaching the people so to do4 #dth4 ,we request of them all that is contained in the articles4 #eth4 ,we request of them what is contained in the third article and nothing more4 #fth4 ,we have no stated times for religious services except upon the ,sabbath2 we hold semi-annual conferences4 ,besides these1 we are subject to the will of the people4 #gth4 ,we preach to and admonish the people to keep all the commandments of ,god1 and strictly obey the laws of the land wherein they dwell4 ,our answer was signed by ,addison ,pratt1 ,simeon ,a4 ,dunn and ,james ,s4 ,brown1 and was presented to his excellency1 who objected to the first statement1 about our means of support4 ,he said he wished men to get a living in a more honorable way than that4 ,the second paragraph he did not like4 ,he seemed to dislike scripture references4 ,we told him we had been reared to work1 that we still expected to labor for our living1 and that a part of our people had come to work and a part to preach the ,gospel4 ,after he had interrogated us to his satisfaction1 and placed about us all the restrictions that seemed possible1 the governor told us that if we would go with ,mr4 ,dugard1 one of his officers1 he would give us permits to reside among the islands of the protectorate1 after we had signed the articles he presented to us4 ,as we left the governor's presence1 ,mr4 ,dugard told us that1 as it was getting rather late1 we had better call at his office the next morning at #h o'clock1 and he would attend to our case4 ,we complied with his suggestion but did not find him at home4 ,the lady of the house told us to call at #b o'clock and he would be there4 ,in a short time we met the interpreter who advised us to call at #aa o'clock1 which we did1 finding the official ready to wait on us1 as we supposed2 but instead1 he directed us to go to a certain notary public1 who would give us our permits4 ,we did as instructed and obtained the documents1 paying three francs each4 ,thus we were permitted to go as ministers of the ,gospel among the islands of the ,french protectorate4 ,,chapter ,,xxiii4 ,,return ,,to ,,huaua--,,heavy ,,rainstorms--,,refusal ,,of ,,an ,,offer ,,to ,,be ,,carried ,,over ,a ,,stream--,,perilous ,,swimming ,,feat--,,episode ,,with ,a ,,wild ,,boar--,,start ,,on ,a ,,trip ,,around ,,the ,,island--,,obtain ,a ,,loaf ,,of ,,bread--,,people ,,not ,,desirous ,,of ,,listening ,,to ,,the ,,mormon ,,elders--,,customs ,,of ,,the ,,natives--,,reputation ,,of ,,protestant ,,clergy ,,on ,,tahiti--,,with ,,the ,,chief ,,magistrate ,,of ,,uairai--,,across ,a ,,small ,,bay ,,in ,a ,,canoe--,,french ,,garrison ,,at ,,the ,,isthmus--,,with ,,my ,,friend ,,pohe--,,review ,,of ,a ,,hard ,,journey--,,again ,,at ,,huaua4 ,,as there were no vessels bound for where we wished to go at this time1 on ,november #acth we started on our return from ,papeete to ,huaua1 but it rained so hard that we had to seek shelter after traveling six miles4 ,we came to a creek about two rods across1 and began to take off our shoes preparatory to wading it4 ,just then a sprightly little woman came along and told us she would carry us across on her back4 ,she said1 ,there are little sharp shells and rocks that will cut your feet1 and they will not hurt mine1 for ,i am used to them4 ,my feet are tough1 but you are not used to going barefoot like us1 and your feet are tender4 ,i will gladly carry you over free rather than see you cut your feet4 ,she plead with such earnestness and so innocently that it became almost a temptation1 especially as she would have considered it a great honor to carry the servants of ,god1 as she was pleased to call us4 ,said she1 ,you need not be afraid that ,i will fall down with you2 ,i can carry you with ease4 ,when her very kind offer was declined1 she seemed very much disappointed4 ,we tried to console her by telling her how greatly we appreciated her kindness1 then proceeded on our way1 but owing to the heavy rain soon called at a native's house1 where we were pleasantly entertained4 ,he spread the best food he had4 ,this was put on the bed4 ,he also asked us to take seats on the bed1 offering as an excuse1 ,the fleas are so bad we have to get up there to be out of the way1 or they will get in the food4 ,we accepted the situation with thanks1 and felt that we were right royally treated4 ,the people from around flocked in until the house was so thoroughly packed with humanity that the fleas had a fine opportunity to gorge themselves4 ,the people did not seem to be much annoyed by them1 but talked and sang till #aa1 o'clock1 when we turned in for the remainder of the night1 concluding that the fleas had been so feasted that they were willing to let us slumber in peace1 which we did4 ,november #adth we resumed our journey1 only to be driven in by the rain1 but not until we were thoroughly drenched4 ,having met with our old and well tried friend1 ,hamatua1 when the storm subsided we continued our journey to ,papeno4 ,a call was made on the governor of that district1 who told us that the river was so swollen that it was not safe for white men to attempt to cross4 ,he said the natives could go over safely1 but we could not do so1 and told the party they were welcome to stay with him all night4 ,the writer thought that if a native could cross the river he could1 so he prepared for the attempt4 ,the stream was about fifteen rods wide4 ,the governor1 himself a very large and powerful man1 said1 ,if you go ,i will go with and assist you1 for you cannot cross there alone4 ,two natives have been swept down to the sea and drowned4 ,if ,i go with you we can cross safely1 but ,i am afraid to have you go alone4 ,at that both of us got ready to cross4 ,he took hold of my right arm close to the shoulder4 ,we waded in till the swift current took our feet from under us1 then we swam with all our power1 and finally gained the opposite shore by swimming three times the width of the river4 ,the governor could have turned and swam back again without any trouble1 but ,i had quite enough to satisfy my conceit1 and ever since have been willing to acknowledge that a native can beat me in the water4 ,brothers ,pratt and ,dunn were well satisfied to wait for the water to fall before they tried to cross1 and by late in the evening the stream was down so that they came over with comparative ease4 ,we stayed with some very good friends1 and on the #aeth of ,november reached home4 ,all were well4 ,things went on as usual until the #bhth1 when the natives came running and said a wild hog had come down from the mountains and was at the next door neighbor's1 with his tame hogs4 ,the people wished us to come with bubus 7guns7 and shoot him4 ,on a previous occasion1 before ,i could understand the natives1 a wild hog had come down and was with the hogs of our host4 ,there was great excitement among the natives1 so ,brother ,pratt hastened and got his shotgun1 and went out and killed the hog4 ,he told me to hold on with my gun1 and would not let me know what the excitement was until it was over4 ,now1 the natives shouted that ,prita's 7,pratt's7 gun was the strong one1 that he was the brave hunter and knew how to shoot1 but that my weapon was too small a bore--it could not kill if ,i hit the hog4 ,but on this occasion ,i outdistanced the old gentleman with my small-bore rifle4 ,i shot the hog just behind the shoulder2 it ran a few jumps and fell in the thick brake4 ,as the animal was out of sight1 and the natives could not see any evidence of its having been hit1 they blamed me for not letting ,brother ,pratt get there first1 saying he would have killed the hog and we would have had something to eat4 ,brother ,pratt good naturedly joined in with them2 they looked disappointed1 and tried to laugh me to shame1 but in the height of their ridiculing me a lad who had followed the track a rod or two into the brake shrieked out in terror3 ,here is the hog1 dead6 ,i was near stepping on him before ,i saw him6 ,the laugh was turned4 ,the hog was soon dressed1 and the natives had to examine my gun4 ,they concluded that both ,brother ,pratt and ,i were good gunners1 and had good weapons4 ,the hog was a boar1 a year and a half old or more1 and if it had been fat would have dressed two hundred pounds4 ,all were well pleased for it was a time of scarcity of food4 ,on ,december #bnd ,brother ,dunn and ,i started to go around ,tahiti on foot1 passing by ,papeete4 ,hametua ,vaheni1 ,john ,layton's wife1 and the two small girls of the house1 went with us to ,papeete4 ,we stayed at ,faripo the first night1 with ,noiini1 who was very kind to us4 ,next morning we proceeded on our way to ,hapape1 where we stopped at the house of ,teahi1 a relative of ,hametua ,vaheni4 ,there we took breakfast1 and continued our journey to ,taunoa1 where we remained over night with ,tamari4 ,there we left our baggage while we went on to ,papeete to see what news we could get4 ,we spent most of the day to no purpose1 returning to where we had stayed the night before4 ,next morning1 the #dth1 we started without breakfast4 ,on the way we purchased a loaf of bread--a rare treat to us1 as we had not even seen bread for several days4 ,we ate it as we walked along1 stopping at a small brook to get a drink4 ,at ,wamau1 a man invited us into his house4 ,as it had begun to rain we accepted his kind offer with thankfulness4 ,upon entering the house we were requested to take a seat upon the bed4 ,some very fine oranges were set before us1 and soon the house was filled with young people mostly1 who seemed very desirous of learning who we were1 where we were from1 and what our business was4 ,we told them1 and they appeared to be very much disappointed4 ,we soon found that they had no use for us1 so we went on our way and soon came to a cemetery in which was a large monument of masonry with an iron cross on it4 ,at one grave there was a candle burning4 ,we were told by some of the people that in the time of the war a great battle had been fought there between the natives and the ,french1 and that the monument had been built in honor of a great ,french general who had fallen4 ,from there we passed on through a large cocoanut grove1 and in a short time came to a small village called ,tapuna4 ,we turned into a house and not finding anyone at home1 sat down for a rest4 ,in a little while we were discovered by some of the villagers1 who invited us in1 and as is usual among that people1 inquired of us1 saying1 ,who are you1 where do you come from1 where are you going1 and what is your business here in our land8 ,when we informed them that we were ministers of the ,gospel1 they were very much pleased1 but when we told them that our ,church was called the ,church of ,jesus ,christ of ,latter-day ,saints1 commonly known as the ,mormon ,church1 they almost invariably showed signs of disappointment1 and seemed to have less interest in us4 ,still there were some in almost every village who were kind enough to keep us over night1 give us the very best they had1 and often go with us a little way on our journey the next day4 ,they never failed to have a hymn sung1 and often a chapter from the ,bible read1 and would call on us to offer prayer4 ,then the eldest of the young men who had called in--sometimes there were ten or fifteen--would shake hands with us1 followed by all the rest1 apparently according to age4 ,the young women then would do likewise1 observing the same rule1 after which the older people would follow1 the women coming first in this case1 such being their custom4 ,before we left ,tapuna1 one man desired us to visit his mother1 who was sick with consumption4 ,we complied with this wish1 but found that she had no faith in the ,gospel4 ,from there we passed on to an ,english missionary's home1 the headquarters of one ,mr4 ,chisholm4 ,he was not in1 so we passed on to the next house1 where1 according to what the people said1 a very dissipated missionary had lived1 and the other had come to take his place4 ,we were told that the newcomer was no better than the old one1 for both were drunken and lustful and behaved very badly with the women4 ,such was the general reputation1 among the natives1 of the ,protestant clergy at that date4 ,we went on till we were called into a house where the people said they wished to know what we had to say of religion4 ,as soon as they learned that we differed from their views they displayed no further concern in us1 and we departed4 ,after wading many streams1 and getting very tired and hungry1 we reached a village called ,uairai1 where we were invited in to have a meal4 ,we had been indoors but a few minutes when the people of the village came running in as if to a dog fight or a monkey show2 for it was rarely they saw two white men traveling as we were1 they being accustomed to seeing the missionary in a hammock carried by four stout men4 ,when we had been there a short time two men came in with a message from the governor or chief magistrate of the village1 desiring us to call at his residence4 ,as soon as we had partaken of refreshments we complied with the request1 the whole assemblage of people following us4 ,we found his honor holding some kind of meeting with the more aged people1 the exact nature of which we did not learn4 ,he invited us in1 gave us seats1 and shook hands with us very warmly4 ,he then stood before us and said1 ,who are you1 where do you come from1 what is your business here1 and where are you going8 ,we answered that we were ministers of the true ,gospel of ,jesus ,christ1 and were traveling to preach to all people that were willing or wished to hear the ,gospel of salvation4 ,well1 he said1 that is what we want here1 but ,i must see the ,french governor and our ministers before ,i can give permission for any one to preach4 ,when the meeting was over he came to us again and said he would be pleased to have us stop over night with him4 ,we accepted his kind invitation to visit his house1 and all the congregation followed1 for a time seeming very desirous of learning from us the true ,gospel4 ,we conversed with them quite awhile and there was not one to oppose us1 but all seemed very well pleased with what we had to say4 ,supper over1 we returned to the house of ,miapui1 where we had left our valises1 and where we spent the night1 being well treated by our host and by all who called on us4 ,next morning our host accompanied us on our way until we met his brother1 whom he instructed to see us across a small bay that extended up to the base of the mountain1 which was so steep that we could not go around its head4 ,we were taken across in a canoe1 paying a dollar and a half4 ,the man said the use of the canoe cost him that amount1 but he would take nothing for his services4 ,he then conducted us through a thick forest of timber and underbrush to the ,brom 7state7 road4 ,we next proceed to the isthmus1 to a ,french fort garrisoned by one company of soldiers4 ,the isthmus is about one and a half miles across4 ,from there we turned to the northwest1 towards ,huaua1 as it was too rough1 steep and dangerous to proceed closely along the coast4 ,we traveled homeward till #a o'clock p4m41 when we came to a little hamlet called ,otufai4 ,there we met a man named ,aili1 who invited us to dinner4 ,we accepted his courtesy and while there the school-teacher called and asked us to go home with him4 ,we also availed ourselves of this kind invitation1 finding the teacher1 whose name was ,tuamau1 very friendly4 ,we spent the night with him1 being treated well1 but he did not evince much interest in what we had to say on religious matters4 ,the following morning it was raining very hard1 and for a time it seemed that we were weatherbound2 but breakfast over1 it cleared off1 and we proceeded on our way to ,hitia1 where we stopped at the house of ,fenuas and got dinner4 ,then we went on to ,tiara and visited with our friend ,pohe 7in ,english1 dead71 or1 as he was sometimes called1 ,mahena ,toru 7third day74 ,he made us feel very much at home4 ,this we were in a condition to fully appreciate1 for we had traveled on foot in the hot sands and sun about one hundred and fifty miles1 until we felt that we were almost parboiled4 ,we had waded many streams of water1 which1 though very disagreeable1 helped to make our journey more tolerable1 through being cooling4 ,the sharp rocks and shells in the water courses made us pay penance instead of pennies for crossing them4 ,sometimes the streams were so swollen and ran so swiftly as to be very dangerous1 because the crossings were so near the sea that if a man were to lose his footing he was liable to be carried into the billows1 from whence it would be almost if not quite impossible to escape4 ,on the #ith of ,december we passed down three miles to ,huaua1 where we found all our friends well1 and some prospects of getting an opening to preach4 ,,chapter ,,xxiv4 ,,scarcity ,,of ,,food--,,traveling ,,in ,,heavy ,,rains--,,call ,,on ,a ,,protestant ,,minister--,,arrival ,,of ,,another ,,missionary ,,and ,,letters ,,from ,,home--,,visitors ,,from ,,metia--,,hold ,a ,,sacrament ,,meeting--,,go ,,to ,,papara--,,abused ,,ry ,,the ,,protestant ,,minister--,,preach ,,to ,,the ,,people--,,young ,,woman ,,miraculously ,,healed ,,at ,,baptism--,,great ,,excitement--,,rage ,,of ,,the ,,protestant ,,ministers--,,persecution ,,instituted--,,arrested ,,for ,,preaching--,,released ,,on ,,promising ,,to ,,return ,,to ,,huaua--,,plenty ,,of ,,friends--,,unintentional ,,escape ,,from ,,gen ,d' ,,armes--,,arrival ,,at ,,papeete--,,charge ,,on ,,which ,,officers ,,seek ,,to ,,arrest ,,me--,,abused ,,by ,,rev4 ,,mr4 ,,howe--,a ,,quiet ,,answer ,,calls ,,out ,,cheers ,,from ,,the ,,crowd--,,tide ,,turns ,,in ,,my ,,favor--,,excitement ,,calms ,,down1 ,,and ,,efforts ,,to ,,arrest ,,me ,,cease4 ,,on the #afth of ,december ,i set out from ,huaua on a short journey to a small hamlet called ,tapuna4 ,everywhere ,i went the people were complaining of the great scarcity of food2 still they managed to furnish me with plenty1 treating me very hospitably4 ,about the #bjth ,i returned to ,huaua and preached to the people4 ,on the #bith and #cjth ,i attended to my correspondence4 ,january #a1 #ahea1 ,i started for ,tarepu1 finding the roads quite muddy4 ,it rained heavily1 so that all the streams were so swollen as to make my journey very hard and tiresome4 ,the majority of the people were rather surly and indifferent1 so much so as not to invite me in out of the storm1 so ,i had to pass along to where ,i found more hospitality4 ,the trip altogether was a hard and ungrateful one4 ,i had to swim some of the watercourses1 and barely escaped being carried into the sea4 ,i got everything ,i had with me1 even to my watch1 thoroughly soaked4 ,then ,i sought a place sheltered from the view of the passers-by1 and there dried my clothes4 ,as ,i was alone almost all the time on this trip ,i felt it to be long and tedious1 without any profitable results1 as far as ,i could see4 ,yet ,i remembered that my experience was that of a fisherman2 and as my calling was to fish for men ,i did not complain1 but continued my journey to ,hitia4 ,there ,i called on one ,mr4 ,baff1 a ,protestant minister4 ,i left a copy of the ,voice of ,warning for him to read4 ,when he returned it he sent a note thanking me for the privilege of perusing it1 but he did not express an opinion of the work4 ,i never had the pleasure of meeting the gentleman again4 ,having been informed that ,elders ,pratt and ,dunn had an opportunity of going to ,tubuoi1 ,i hastened back to ,huaua1 to find that they had not yet engaged their passage4 ,after resting two or three days1 ,brother ,pratt sent me down to ,papeete to secure passage for them on ,captain ,johnson's schooner1 which was expected to sail in a few days4 ,i met ,mr4 ,johnson1 with whom ,i made a contract1 and returned next day4 ,then1 on ,january #acth1 all hands went down to ,papeete4 ,we found that ,brother ,john ,layton had come from ,california1 and brought letters for us from the ,elders who had been sent to the ,sandwich ,islands4 ,mail matters considered and answers written1 the program was changed so that ,elder ,dunn did not go to ,tubuoi1 and as ,brother ,pratt had to wait a few days before he could start1 part of the native family that had accompanied us remained to see him off1 while the others returned with ,brother ,dunn and ,i to lonely ,huaua4 ,in the meantime we learned that ,priest ,john ,hawkins was expected down from ,anaa in a few days1 when ,brother ,dunn was to return with him to ,anaa4 ,when we were at ,huaua without ,brother ,pratt1 the place seemed doubly lonesome4 ,on ,january #cjth1 ,i went to ,papeete and learned that ,brother ,hawkins had arrived with some native brethren from ,metia1 and that all had started in their canoes for ,huaua1 to which place ,i repaired the next day4 ,all were well4 ,the native brethren went back to ,papeete1 and ,brother ,hawkins and wife stayed at ,huaua a day or two2 then he also went down1 returning to us in eight or ten days1 accompanied by ,elder ,joseph ,busby1 from ,tubuoi4 ,the latter said that he had started for home1 if it was agreeable to the brethren4 ,he told us that it would be two months before the brethren would come with their new schooner1 which they were building4 ,march #bnd1 all hands went to ,taunua1 to a sacrament meeting4 ,we met in a house close down by the beach1 where we saw the vessel that ,brother ,busby sailed on for home4 ,there were sixty-seven brethren and sisters at the meeting1 and we had a very good-spirited time4 ,we returned to ,huaua2 and it was on ,march #abth1 when1 in company with our old1 faithful friend and brother1 ,hamatua1 and family1 ,i set sail in a whaleboat for ,papara4 ,we had a fine breeze till we came to a hamlet called ,otura1 where we stayed one night and were well cared for by our host1 a brother in the ,church4 ,on the #acth we continued our voyage by sea1 having to row most of the time1 for there was no wind4 ,we reached our destination1 ,papara1 on the #adth1 and stopped at the house of ,purua1 a brother of ,hamatua1 who had died1 and his widow had sent for ,hamatua to come and move her and her family to his home4 ,we found our friends here very kind1 and well pleased to meet us4 ,while at ,papara1 many people came in to see us4 ,these manifested a desire to know who ,i was1 and my business there1 but showed great reluctance in shaking hands with me4 ,i learned that the cause of this diffidence was that they were afraid of the ,protestant ministers4 ,for a while they kept very shy of me4 ,i called on their minister1 ,mr4 ,chisholm1 and presented him with a ,voice of ,warning1 which ,i asked him to read2 but when ,i held it out to him he said no1 he would not read it or anything the ,mormons had2 but1 said he1 ,i want to exhort you1 and show you that you are deluded4 ,i asked what he knew about our ,church to cause him to be so excited4 ,he said he had had a letter from ,simeon ,a4 ,dunn1 one of our ,elders1 and that public opinion was enough to satisfy him that we were false teachers and deceivers of the people4 ,at that he called one ,mr4 ,davis from a side room4 ,the latter was totally blind1 and had spent most of his life on the islands4 ,both of them reviled at me1 and rehearsed many of the old slanders about ,joseph ,smith and the ,mormons4 ,i left them in disgust1 returning to my friends1 where ,i found many people congregated4 ,these were quite sociable4 ,soon a messenger came from the minister and asked what kind of baptism we believed in4 ,when ,i said that we believed in immersion1 that seemed to please the people very much1 as ,i turned to the third chapter of ,matthew and showed them that ,christ was baptized in that manner4 ,from that time the house was thronged with people anxiously inquiring for the doctrines we taught4 ,on ,march #afth ,i was sent for by a sick man1 who wanted to be anointed4 ,when ,i told him about the order of the ,church1 and that he should repent and be baptized for the remission of his sins1 and thus become entitled to the blessings of the ,gospel1 he said that it was of no use to him for he was a great sinner and could not repent in one day4 ,then he said1 ,i shall have to remain sick4 ,he had his own way to look at things1 and as we were unable to convince him otherwise1 we returned to our stopping place4 ,shortly after this ,i was called to see a young woman who had been under medical treatment by the ,protestant ministers for four months4 ,her name was ,maui4 ,she had been reduced to a mere skeleton1 and was unable to stand alone4 ,when ,i came1 she said she had heard of the doctrine that ,i had preached to the people1 and knew it was true1 for1 said she1 it is all in the ,bible4 ,she was the foremost scholar of the district1 and was highly respected by the ministers as well as by the whole people4 ,when it became known that ,i had been called to see her1 it aroused an excitement1 and many people came together1 insomuch that the house could not hold them all4 ,as ,i talked with her on the first principles of the ,gospel1 she would say1 ,yes1 that is so1 for it is in the ,bible2 and she said1 ,i am willing to be baptized now1 for ,i know that what you tell me is the truth4 ,i asked the consent of her parents and of her young husband1 who readily acceded to her desire4 ,then ,i told them that if they would take her to a suitable place by the creek1 ,i would meet them there and attend to the baptizing4 ,accordingly1 they carried her to the creek1 some ten or twelve rods away1 where ,i met them1 prepared for the work4 ,there were probably one hundred people assembled4 ,after singing and prayer1 ,i went into the water and the friends of the young woman helped her to me1 ,i having to aid in holding her on her feet while ,i said the baptismal ceremony4 ,when she came up out of the water she thanked ,god1 saying1 ,i am healed of the ,lord1 and walked out of the water and home without assistance1 although her friends offered aid4 ,this excited the people so much that some of the young woman's particular friends prepared to come into the water of baptism1 but the older ones prevailed on them to wait a while1 saying maybe they would all go together4 ,when ,i had changed my clothing and had gone to where the new convert was1 ,i found her sitting on the bed and praising ,god1 bearing her testimony that she was healed of the ,lord1 and that we had the true ,gospel4 ,the baptism of this young woman was the first that ,i had administered1 she being my first convert4 ,the house where we had assembled was crowded to overflowing1 and when ,i had confirmed her ,i returned to my stopping place1 the people following me4 ,there must have been at least three hundred of them4 ,several brought bedding and camped under the trees around the house1 while others were preparing a feast for the occasion1 in which they roasted eleven big hogs1 and gathered fish1 fruit and vegetables for the roast4 ,this was too much for the ,protestant ministers1 for1 as ,i was sitting at a table expounding the scriptures to the people1 in came a lusty ,frenchman in citizen's clothes4 ,he took a seat among the people for a short time1 then slipped away and donned his police uniform1 with belt1 sword and pistol2 then1 with a comrade similarly attired1 he reappeared at the door and asked me if ,i had a permit from the governor4 ,i told him ,i had one at home1 but not with me4 ,at that he1 in a rather rough tone of voice1 bade me follow them4 ,without hesitation ,i did so1 and about a hundred of the people came after us to the mission station1 where ,i was ushered into the presence of ,messrs4 ,chisholm1 ,howe and ,davis4 ,all of them were what were called ,english or ,protestant missionaries4 ,mr4 ,howe acted as chief spokesman or prosecutor1 while ,mr4 ,chisholm filled the role of justice1 ,mr4 ,davis appearing to be his assistant4 ,thus arrayed1 they told me that ,i had been arrested and brought before them because ,i had raised a very unusual excitement among the people1 and ,i could not produce a permit from the government as a resident on the island4 ,they said ,i was capable of making much disturbance among the people1 and the decision they had come to was that if ,i would not agree to leave the place by #h a4m4 next day ,i would be locked up in a dungeon until ,i did agree to leave4 ,of course ,i consented to depart at the appointed time1 thinking ,i could get my permit and return in a few days4 ,then they told me ,i was at liberty1 but they did not release me until they had scored me unmercifully with their tongues for belonging to such a set of impostors as ,old ,joe ,smith and the ,mormons were4 ,said ,mr4 ,chisholm1 ,you are a fine young man1 capable of doing much good if you had not been deceived by that impostor1 ,old ,joe ,smith4 ,they told me to cease my preaching and deceiving the people1 and that ,i had better go home4 ,at that ,i pocketed their insults and left them4 ,many of the people followed me to my stopping place1 some of them shouting triumphantly for the young ,mormon missionary1 and calling shame on the ,english ministers4 ,a house full of people had assembled1 and we sat up till a late hour that night talking on the principles of the ,gospel4 ,early next morning our boat was filled with the family and provisions1 and we sailed at #h o'clock4 ,i put on a fisherman's suit and took the helm1 facing outward from the shore4 ,i did not have any particular object in view at the time in doing this1 yet it seemed to serve a purpose1 for we had sailed but a few miles when we saw two mounted gen d' armes come out of the woods to the sandy beach1 where they stopped and watched our boat till they seemed satisfied there was no missionary on board1 and passed on4 ,then it occurred to us that if ,i had not been in the unintentional disguise they would have stopped our boat and arrested me1 for they were well armed1 and could have reached us easily with their firearms4 ,as we afterwards learned1 they passed on to where we had come from and made a thorough search for me1 going through houses1 turning up the beds1 and scouring the coffee groves and every place the supposed ,mormon missionary could have hidden4 ,then they and the ,protestant missionaries called a meeting of the people and thoroughly warned them against the ,mormons1 and especially against young ,iatobo 7,james71 as they called me4 ,at this mass meeting ,mr4 ,baff1 one of the oldest of the ,english missionaries1 appeared with the others ,i have mentioned4 ,there was another incident that seemed to be very providential1 though disagreeable at the time4 ,the wind died away to a perfect calm1 and when we came to an opening in the outlying coral reef1 we thought that by going out through the opening we might catch a breeze1 and could hoist the sail and make better headway2 so we steered for the open sea4 ,there we found that we had to row all day before we could get back within the reef4 ,thus we were carried so far from the land that passers-by could not discern who we were1 and we were kept from the gen d' armes till sundown4 ,then we landed away from the thoroughfare1 in heavy timber4 ,in that way we escaped our enemies1 for next morning we were off and out in the open sea soon after sunrise4 ,we rowed all day and till #aa o'clock p4m41 then landed in an obscure place1 and were up and off again by sunrise1 putting out to sea and keeping there till we reached the western passage to the harbor of ,papeete4 ,there we went ashore near a large ,american tile establishment's wholesale and retail department4 ,just in front of this lay a large ,american warship4 ,the water was very deep1 so that the vessel was moored to the shore1 the gangway resting upon the street1 where a great many people had gathered4 ,as soon as we landed ,i stepped into the retail department referred to1 on some little errand4 ,in a couple of minutes or so ,i was confronted by the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,howe1 who has been mentioned before4 ,he was a fine-looking ,english gentleman of thirty-five or forty years of age4 ,he came up and shook hands with me1 saying1 ,mr4 ,brown1 are you aware that the gen d' armes are in search of you8 ,you must have been in hiding somewhere4 ,they have searched ,papara for you1 and now are searching this town1 and there is great excitement over your actions4 ,you had better be cautious what you are about4 ,i could not understand at first what he meant1 so ,i asked him what ,i had done to create such a great excitement as to have the police hunting for me4 ,i said ,i had not been in hiding at all1 had not thought of such a thing4 ,he replied1 ,why1 sir1 you have gone and plunged a young lady head and ears into the cold water1 and we have had her under medical treatment for four months1 and expected her to die4 ,now you have endangered her life by plunging her into cold water4 ,she is one of the most talented and smartest women of this island4 ,we have taken great pains to educate her1 and she is widely known and respected by everyone who knows her4 ,well1 said ,i1 what harm have ,i done8 ,she was healed of her sickness1 as she and her mother testified to me before ,i left1 and every person who was present can bear witness of the same4 ,ah1 well1 said he1 you have such a fierce countenance and expressive voice as to excite a person under the most excruciating pain until they would not realize they had any suffering at all4 ,she may relapse and die1 then you will have grave responsibilities to meet for your unwarranted act4 ,he continued talking1 turning to intimidation and abusive language until he said it was a great pity that one of my natural endowments lacked in educational attainments1 for if ,i had been taught in ,greek or ,latin ,i would have understood that baptism was baptiso in ,latin1 and meant merely the application of water1 and not to plunge people head and ears in the shameful and ridiculous manner that he said ,i had done4 ,by this time we were talking so very loud as to attract the attention of all around4 ,finally ,mr4 ,howe said1 ,do you teach the people that baptism is essential to the salvation of man or the soul8 ,i told him ,i did4 ,then1 said he1 you teach a lie1 and ,i will follow you up and tell the people that you are a liar and teach false doctrine4 ,as my calling as a missionary would not admit of a violent retaliation1 ,i merely said to him that in my country that would be very ungentlemanly language for one minister to use towards another1 but ,i supposed it was some of the ,greek and ,latin that he had been learned in4 ,then ,i turned away from him4 ,my action brought a tremendous cheer from the ,americans on board the warship1 and from all who understood the conversation4 ,the people assembled hurrahed for the ,mormon boy4 ,at that my antagonist turned very red in the face4 ,some of the natives ran up to him1 pointing their fingers at him1 and shouting1 ,look how red his nose is6 ,the ,mormon boy has whipped him6 ,they rushed around me to shake hands1 and seemed as if they would carry me on their shoulders4 ,it should be understood that we talked partly in ,english and partly in ,tahitian1 so that all could understand in a general way what we said1 for we had grown very earnest if not heated in our discussion4 ,soon after this ,i went up through the town and there learned from several people that there had been much excitement over my having baptized the sick young lady1 and that the police had searched the place over for me4 ,i realized then that if it had not been for the calm weather we had had at sea we would have got into town just at the height of the excitement1 and ,i would have been locked in prison4 ,so1 thanks for the calm1 although when we were in it we wished for wind that we might make better headway2 but that delay gave time for reflection1 and for the news of the young lady's convalescence to reach ,papeete1 so that ,i could pass on my way without further insult4 ,,chapter ,,xxv4 ,,several ,,baptisms--,,visit ,,papara ,,again--,,coldness ,,of ,,the ,,people--,,bitter ,,efforts ,,of ,,the ,,protestant ,,ministers--,,natives ,,visit ,,me ,,in ,,secret--,,anti-,,mormon ,,mass ,,meeting--,,foolish ,,and ,,vicious ,,scheme ,,to ,,ensnare ,,the ,,writer--,,it ,,is ,,easily ,,defeated--,,return ,,to ,,papeete--,,more ,,baptisms--,,departure ,,of ,,elder ,,dunn--,i ,,am ,,left ,,alone--,,brethren ,,come ,,from ,,tubuoi--,,elders ,,appointed ,,to ,,labor ,,in ,,different ,,islands--,,the ,,writer ,,assigned ,,to ,,the ,,tuamotu ,,group--,,leave ,,on ,,the ,,elders' ,,schooner1 ,,the ,,ravai ,,or ,,fisher--,,meet ,,with ,,contrary ,,winds--,,driven ,,to ,,various ,,islands--,,encounter ,a ,,violent ,,storm--,,in ,,great ,,peril--,,vessel ,,beyond ,,control--,,storm ,,calms ,,down--,,reach ,,tubuoi--,,first ,,preaching ,,of ,,the ,,gospel ,,there1 ,,in #ahdd4 ,,we reached our home at ,huaua on the #bjth of ,march1 and found all well4 ,on the #bcrd ,i baptized ,tereino and ,maioa1 and on the #bdth ,brother ,dunn baptized two other persons besides ,brother ,hamatua and two of his children4 ,then ,i sailed for ,papara1 after providing myself with the permit that ,i lacked on our previous visit4 ,we stopped at ,taunua the first night1 the #beth1 having had to row all the way4 ,on the #bfth we reached ,papara1 where the people acted very coolly towards us4 ,there was one friend1 however1 who dared invite us in and provide us with food and lodging4 ,on inquiry1 we learned that the young lady who had been ill and was healed at her baptism was sound and well1 and had been so from the time she was baptized4 ,we also learned that ,messrs4 ,howe1 ,chisholm1 ,baff and ,davis had called the people together after the baptism1 inquired of them where ,i was1 had the town searched for me1 and had sought diligently to learn if ,i had spoken against them or against the ,french government2 but they failed to learn anything of this kind on which to base an accusation against me and had to content themselves by telling the people all the foul slanders they had heard against the ,mormons and ,joseph ,smith1 and by warning the people against us1 saying that if they took us in or bade us ,godspeed they would not be permitted to partake of the sacrament in their church1 and if they went to hear us preach they would be excommunicated4 ,they sent a delegation to the young lady whom ,i had baptized1 to see if she had been healed1 and through being intimidated she said no4 ,her relatives had quarreled over the matter1 some being in favor of her saying that she was not1 while others said that she was healed4 ,the report that the delegation made to their masters1 however1 was that she said she had not been healed2 when ,i went to see her1 she ran out to meet me1 and told me that she had not been sick one day since she had been baptized4 ,by such means as those ,i have named1 the ministers sought to turn the people against us1 and strongly forbade them to show us any favors whatever2 and when the natives could come secretly and talk with us they would explain1 ,now1 if we come openly and investigate your doctrine and are not satisfied with it1 then we will be turned out of society4 ,for that reason we dare not receive you or come and talk openly with you4 ,our hearts are good towards you1 but we are watched by the police1 so that we dare not be friendly with you where we can be seen4 ,as soon as the ministers learned that we had returned1 they called another meeting1 at which they seemed to take delight in abusing and vilifying the ,mormons in general and me in particular4 ,when the meeting was over1 they called two pretty young women1 and privately told them to dress themselves as nicely as they could and perfume themselves and make themselves as attractive as possible1 then to take their ,bibles and hymn books and get into conversation with the ,mormon missionary1 ,iatobo 7,james74 ,they were to be very sociable and friendly to me4 ,they had been told also that they would learn that the ,mormons were licentious deceivers1 and that my actions would show that ,i was a licentious rascal and would lead them astray4 ,orders were also given them that when they had proved this they were to return and report to the ministers4 ,i came into possession of this information regarding the scheme through the spirit of discernment1 and by the confession of the parties themselves4 ,the young ladies came as instructed1 and the moment they entered the door and ,i inhaled the perfumes ,i had the discernment of their mission and the instructions they were under from their ministers4 ,nevertheless they were welcomed in and took seats just in front of and close to the writer1 on a mat4 ,in the blandest and most pleasant manner they began to make scripture inquiries1 accepting every answer as final1 and assenting to all ,i had to say4 ,they became more and more sociable and bold1 until at length one of them raised on her knees1 and placing her open ,bible upon the writer's knee1 at the same time looked him squarely in the face with her most pleasant smile4 ,he at once moved his chair back1 and said to them1 ,you have not come here with the object that you profess to come with1 but your mission is a deceptive one1 and you have been sent here by your ministers to try to deceive me1 thinking to lead me into lewd and wicked practices that ,i am a stranger to4 ,now1 if you wish anything of that kind you must return to your masters who sent you1 and tell them that if they wish you to be accommodated in that way1 they will have to do it themselves1 for ,mormon ,elders are not guilty of such practices1 though they have proofs that the ministers are4 ,and ,i exhort you to be ashamed and to repent of your sins1 and be baptized for their remission1 and you will know that what ,i have told you is true4 ,at this rebuke1 they both confessed openly that every word ,i had said was true1 and that they had been sent for no other purpose than the one ,i have stated4 ,as they had come straight from the minister's house1 they wondered how the writer could tell them so directly what their ministers had ordered them to do1 and how he came to read their mission so accurately4 ,they said1 ,no te varua tera 7that is of the ,spirit72 for no one else could have told him so correctly4 ,at that they took their leave1 and ,i heard no more of them or their mission4 ,the ministers called another meeting on ,march #bith4 ,i attended that1 and after service asked permission to speak a few moments4 ,this being granted by ,mr4 ,davis1 ,i merely gave notice that ,i was a minister of the ,church of ,jesus ,christ of ,latter-day ,saints1 there on a mission to teach the true ,gospel1 and if any wished to hear me ,i was at their service1 if they would permit4 ,there was no response1 so a hymn was sung1 and the people dispersed4 ,at night a few came to hear me1 but seemed to be under such restraint that there was no pleasure in talking to them4 ,we spent several days at the place without any success1 owing to the great prejudice of the people1 and the unwarranted hatred of their ministers4 ,then we left for ,papeete1 starting on ,april #bnd1 and arriving at our destination at daylight on the #crd4 ,having had to row all the way1 we were very tired1 so stopped to get some needed rest4 ,in the evening we baptized one person1 ,maua4 ,on the #fth we attended meeting with about twenty of the ,tuamotu ,saints1 then the boat and the others of the party went home while ,i tarried till the next day1 going home by land to ,hapape1 where ,i found a boat bound direct for ,huaua1 so ,i took passage on it1 and was wafted there speedily4 ,it was on ,april #aith that ,i started for ,otumaro4 ,on the #bast we got to that place1 where ,i stayed while the others of the party made a visit to ,papara4 ,on their return ,i joined them and proceeded to ,papeete1 where ,i left the boat again and walked the remainder of the journey4 ,the next day the rest of the party came up by sea2 and on the #bith we baptized three more persons4 ,while at ,otumaro1 some ,matia brethren came from ,hitia after a missionary or two4 ,matia is a small island about ninety miles north of ,tahiti4 ,brother ,dunn1 being very tired of ,huaua1 concluded that he would go with them1 they taking his trunk and bedding on their shoulders and marching off1 apparently in triumph4 ,they insisted that ,i should go with them as well1 but having been left in charge of the mission on ,tahiti1 ,i did not feel at liberty to leave1 as ,brother ,pratt had told me to remain there until the new schooner should arrive4 ,therefore ,i turned alone to my missionary labors4 ,on the #bith ,i baptized ,tuane2 and at ,huaua on ,may #dth ,i baptized ,tafatua and ,tafai1 who had been baptized by ,brother ,pratt2 they confessed that they had been led astray1 but desired to return to the true fold4 ,the same day ,i administered the sacrament to twenty-one souls4 ,just at dark on ,may #abth1 #ahea1 we heard a gun fired at sea4 ,we hastened to the beach1 and1 sure enough1 it was our long-looked-for brethren on their new schooner1 which was named the ,ravai 7,fisher47 ,brother ,john ,hawkins having joined us1 he and ,hamatua went off in a canoe to get the news4 ,they found all well4 ,next day we joined them in the harbor of ,papeete1 and remained with them on board the schooner and wrote letters4 ,on the #aeth ,brothers ,pratt1 ,john ,layton1 ,hawkins and the wives of the last two1 as well as some of the native brethren1 sailed in a whaleboat for ,huaua1 while we stopped at ,hapape and took a nap1 and at #b o'clock a4m4 started back1 reaching our destination at daylight on the #afth4 ,we rested on the #agth1 and on the #ahth1 in council1 ,elders ,thomas ,whitaker1 ,julian ,moses and two native brethren were appointed to labor as missionaries on ,tahiti2 ,elders ,john ,hawkins1 ,alviras ,hanks1 ,simeon ,a4 ,dunn and ,james ,s4 ,brown were appointed to labor among the inhabitants of the ,tuamotu group of islands4 ,on ,may #aith1 ,brothers ,pratt1 ,layton and ,hawkins set out for ,papeete1 and at #c p4m4 ,brothers ,t4 ,whitaker and ,pohe1 with their families1 started for ,pueu in a boat belonging to some of their relatives4 ,on the #bast1 the schooner--the new one built at ,tubuoi1 and commanded by ,benjamin ,f4 ,grouard--called with the brethren who went down the day before on board4 ,she was bound for ,anaa1 two hundred and ten miles east1 or nearly so4 ,when they got opposite ,huaua1 ,captain ,grouard came ashore and said they desired me to accompany them1 as they intended to call by ,tubuoi before returning to ,tahiti4 ,in fifteen or twenty minutes ,i was ready1 and we soon boarded the little vessel4 ,she was thirty-five or forty tons burden1 had poor accommodations on board1 and was insufficiently supplied with provisions4 ,we started1 but the wind being contrary1 we soon had to change our course1 so that on the #bdth we sighted ,riroa1 and on the #beth we touched at ,uratua and got some cocoanuts4 ,in consequence of the strong current there1 we could not make much headway1 but in trying to beat around it we sighted ,anutua4 ,on the next tack we came to ,aunua1 where we went ashore and found a small branch of the ,church4 ,the ,saints were very kind to us1 showing every favor they could1 and pressing us to allow one of our number to remain with them4 ,but it was not considered proper to grant the request1 so we held two meetings and preached to them1 giving them all the cheer and comfort that we could1 and then left4 ,they seemed to appreciate our visit and counsel as only ,latter-day ,saints can4 ,again we sailed for ,anaa1 but the strong wind and waves prevailed against us1 so that we were driven so far from our course that we sighted ,faraua on ,may #cast1 and on ,june #ast we encountered a very heavy storm1 commencing at #e3cj and continuing till #aa p4m4 when it seemed to abate a little4 ,at #g p4m4 all sails had been taken in save the foresail1 which was close-reefed1 and as the vessel was beyond our control1 our best seamen being willing to admit that they could do nothing for us1 the helm was lashed down1 and all hands went below4 ,the hatch was securely fastened down1 leaving only two of our best and bravest men lashed on deck with slack rope4 ,everyone seemed to realize our peril1 and that we must rely alone on the ,almighty to save us from destruction4 ,there was land all around1 and the wind and currents were so strong that it was impossible1 with the means at our command1 to direct the course of our little ,fisher4 ,i must leave the friendly reader to draw his own conclusions as to the condition we were in1 for ,i have not the ability to describe it4 ,suffice it to say that through the mercies of the ,lord we were spared to find ourselves perfectly landlocked by three islands1 namely1 ,anutua1 ,apatai and ,aunua4 ,again getting control of the vessel1 we put into the harbor at ,apatai1 that being considered the safest place4 ,there we found some ,church members1 and were treated very kindly4 ,we remained there until the #fth1 holding meetings and preaching to the people4 ,apatai is one of the islands of poison fish1 and we felt the effects of these slightly before we left4 ,we had a fair wind for ,anaa on the #fth1 when we started1 but it soon died away and we were left to drift with a very strong current4 ,on the #gth we found ourselves drifted down by the side of ,anutua4 ,having some natives of that island on board they were sent ashore4 ,jonathan ,crosby went with them1 and returned with the boat4 ,from thence we had a pleasant voyage to ,anutua4 ,there we went ashore and preached to the people4 ,brothers ,grouard's and ,hawkins' wives also landed4 ,we left them on the #ith4 and sailed for ,tubuoi4 ,having a fair and strong wind1 we were wafted to ,matia1 where we left some passengers belonging to that island4 ,we also took in a small supply of provisions1 as our store was very scanty4 ,then we continued towards ,tubuoi1 having a favorable wind till we got within eighty miles of our destination4 ,then a strong headwind forced us to change our course1 so that we put into a small island called ,loivivi4 ,this was on the #agth4 ,the island does not exceed four miles in length and two in width2 there were three hundred and eighty-three people living on it4 ,they had the wildest and fiercest look of any that we had met on our cruise1 yet they behaved very well to us4 ,on the #ahth we sailed again for ,tubuoi1 and on the #bjth we cast anchor at that island1 which lies between the twenty-third and twenty-fourth parallels1 south latitude4 ,it is only twelve or fifteen miles in length1 and from a distance resembles the tops of mountains in a plain4 ,its inhabitants numbered four hundred1 all told4 ,it was on this island that the ,gospel was first preached in this dispensation1 in the islands of the ,pacific ,ocean4 ,this preaching was by ,elder ,addison ,pratt1 ,july #ab1 #ahdd4 ,he was accompanied by ,elders ,noah ,rogers and ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard1 they having been sent by the ,prophet ,joseph ,smith1 from ,nauvoo1 ,hancock ,county1 ,illinois1 ,u4,s4,a41 in the year #ahdc4 ,knowlton ,hanks was one of the missionaries who left ,nauvoo1 but he died on the voyage from ,boston to ,tubuoi1 after the vessel had rounded ,cape ,horn4 ,,chapter ,,xxvi4 ,,hearty ,,welcome ,,in ,,tubuoi--,,start ,,for ,,tuamotu--,,reach ,,papeete1 ,,tahiti--,,visit ,,to ,,huaua--,,leave ,,tahiti--,,writer ,,gets ,,relief ,,from ,,seasickness--,,broiled ,,fish ,,and ,,cocoanuts--,,in ,a ,,school ,,of ,,whales--,,thrown ,,into ,a ,,coral ,,reef--,,total ,,wreck ,,imminent--,,three ,,persons ,,get ,,ashore--,,boat ,,goes ,,out ,,to ,,sea--,,wreck ,,of ,,elder ,,dunn',s ,,party--,,three ,,days ,,in ,,the ,,sea1 ,,clinging ,,to ,a ,,capsized ,,boat--,,clothing ,,torn ,,off ,,by ,,sharks--,,skin ,,taken ,,off ,,by ,,the ,,sea ,,and ,,sun--,,reach ,,the ,,island ,,of ,,anaa--,,recognized ,,by ,a ,,man ,,who ,,had ,,seem ,,me ,,in ,a ,,dream--,,preaching ,,and ,,baptizing--,,many ,,of ,,the ,,natives ,,church ,,members--,,make ,a ,,rude ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,california ,,gold ,,fields--,,tell ,,of ,,having ,,been ,,in ,,the ,,mormon ,,battalion--,,catholic ,,priests ,,elicit ,,this ,,information ,,as ,,past ,,of ,a ,,scheme ,,to ,,have ,,me ,,expelled ,,from ,,the ,,island4 ,,when we landed on ,tubuoi on ,may #bjth1 we found the people feeling well4 ,they were greatly pleased to see us1 and we rejoiced to meet with and preach to them4 ,we traveled from village to village preaching1 and visited the people from house to house1 being received everywhere in the most friendly manner4 ,on ,july #ast and #bnd we attended to correspondence1 and on the #crd everything was in readiness and we sailed with a cargo of cattle for ,tahiti4 ,elder ,a4 ,hanks and the writer were bound for the ,tuamotu group of islands4 ,on the #fth1 after a pleasant voyage1 with the exception of seasickness1 we landed at ,papeete1 ,tahiti1 all well4 ,our captain said that he would only remain in harbor a day or two1 then would sail for ,anaa4 ,as ,i desired to visit the brethren at ,huaua1 fifteen miles up the coast1 ,i started at #d p4m41 afoot and alone1 and reached my destination the same evening4 ,i was surprised when the whole family1 men1 women and children1 leaped from their beds and embraced me1 and wept for joy4 ,some refreshments were provided1 and we then turned in for the remainder of the night4 ,i stayed there until the #hth1 and met with ,elders ,julian ,moses and ,t4 ,whitaker1 who accompanied me to ,papeete1 where we arrived at #a o'clock p4m41 and found the vessel being prepared to sail4 ,brother ,hanks was detained in getting his permit until it was too late to get out of the passage till the #ith1 then the wind came straight into the passage1 so that we had to drop anchor till late in the afternoon4 ,we managed to get clear that night1 but the wind being contrary we did not lose sight of land till the #ajth2 then we had a perfect calm for two days4 ,late in the evening of the #abth we got a light breeze4 ,this day was the first time in my life that ,i could say that ,i was well at sea4 ,never before that evening had ,i gone below and enjoyed a meal of victuals2 but from that time on ,i could take my rations with the rest except in a storm4 ,on ,july #acth we sighted and passed ,metia1 and sighted ,tikahau2 the #adth ,matea was in view1 and we passed along close to the weather end of ,riroa2 the #ahth we were near ,uratua4 ,there two boats were let down1 one to pull up through the lagoon of the island1 twenty miles long1 to where ,brother ,hawkins lived1 and the other to fish4 ,about #aa p4m4 we neared the village when the natives came and conducted us to the place4 ,they spread some broiled fish and cocoanuts before us2 and of course we were thankful to get that1 for there was no other food on the island4 ,this was all that some of the inhabitants ever had to eat on their own island1 save an occasional pig or a chicken4 ,after the refreshments we turned in for the night4 ,next morning we were feasted as best the people could do4 ,we preached to them1 then sailed away2 for our schooner was waiting for us4 ,we next headed for ,riroa1 as we could not get a wind for ,anaa1 which we had been trying to reach from the time we left ,tahiti4 ,on the #bast we passed through a school of whales to the harbor4 ,again we encountered a strong current coming out of the passage1 and a headwind4 ,then1 in trying to beat up into the harbor1 our vessel failed to stay1 and we were driven into the coral rock1 which stood up in the water like tree-tops4 ,crash we went1 and the vessel began to quiver and jar4 ,all hands and the cook had an awful scare1 and for a few moments it looked as though our vessel would be a total wreck1 and we be all spilled into the raging billows1 among crags and rocks4 ,but thanks to the ,lord1 this was averted4 ,three of us succeeded in gaining the shore in safety1 and the vessel put to sea for the night1 coming in on the #bbnd to anchor4 ,on shore we were feasted on broiled fish1 cocoanuts and roast pig4 ,the people seemed overjoyed at our visit4 ,we called a meeting and preached to them1 encouraging them in their religious duties4 ,it was while we were on this island that we heard from ,brothers ,dunn and ,crosby1 who were well4 ,we also heard from ,manahuni and party1 who left ,tahiti at the same time that we departed on our first cruise4 ,they sailed for ,anaa1 in a small1 open boat called the ,anaura1 the same that ,brother ,grouard made many trips in from island to island1 and in which he had many narrow escapes4 ,but ,manahuni and his party of six brethren and sisters had a much severer experience than any former party4 ,their boat capsized in a heavy storm1 the same that we had been caught in on our former cruise4 ,they lost everything save their lives1 and these were preserved only by clinging to the keel of the boat for three days and three nights4 ,finally the boat righted itself1 and they drifted to the island of ,tikahau1 but not till the last rag of clothing had been torn from their bodies by sharks1 and much of the skin--all of the cuticle--had sloughed off through their being in the salt water and hot sun so long4 ,but their lives were spared to them1 and they were nourished by the kind people of ,tikahau1 until they were able to reach the island of their destination1 ,anaa4 ,a fair wind for ,anaa came on ,july #bfth1 so we left for that place4 ,at dawn on the #bhth we sighted the island1 and at #aj o'clock a4m4 we landed at ,tuuhora4 ,as we neared the shore ,i was seated in the stern of the boat1 when a man came bounding through the water and passed all our party till he came to me4 ,then he reached out his hand1 which had in it five pearls wrapped in a little rag1 and said1 ,here6 ,i have seen you before4 ,you have come to be our president1 for you have been shown to me in a dream4 ,welcome1 welcome to our land6 ,just then he turned his back for the writer to get on1 and in this way took me to the shore1 where the people soon prepared a feast of welcome1 as is their custom when their friends come to see them4 ,no feast1 no welcome4 ,the feasting over1 with ,brothers ,hanks and ,hawkins ,i visited the branches1 the three of us traveling together1 preaching and baptizing the people1 who came forward in large numbers to receive the ordinance4 ,august #e1 #ahea1 ,brother ,hanks left for ,taroa1 and ,brother ,hawkins for ,arutua4 ,i had been appointed to preside on ,anaa1 and commenced my labors in that duty4 ,on the #fth ,i was instructed1 by ,elder ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard1 to travel and preach1 to reorganize the branches wherever it was necessary1 and to organize and teach schools as ,i might find it prudent2 in fact1 to do all things pertaining to my calling as a missionary4 ,thus ,i started out alone4 ,one of the first things ,i found after ,i began my labors was that there were four ,catholic priests on the island1 building four stone churches2 that they had about thirty natives employed on them1 and that no others would attend their religious services2 it was claimed that there were about nine hundred persons belonging to the ,mormon ,church1 most of them being members in good standing4 ,there were no natives there belonging to the ,catholic church4 ,on one occasion soon after my arrival1 ,i was being questioned1 in a conversation1 about ,california and the gold fields1 and also about my birthplace and the city of my residence4 ,i took a sheet of paper and sketched a rough outline of the gold fields4 ,one of the natives who apparently had been greatly interested in the narrative1 asked for the sketch4 ,it being given to him1 he went off and soon returned with a large sheet of drawing paper1 on which he requested me to draw a map1 on a larger scale1 showing my birthplace1 where ,salt ,lake ,city was from there1 and the location of the gold fields4 ,then the question was asked1 how ,i came to be in ,california at so early a date4 ,i told them ,i went there in the ,mormon ,battalion1 in the service of the ,united ,states1 during the war with ,mexico4 ,little did ,i think ,i was mapping out the outlines of a foundation for a wicked and false charge to be preferred against me by the ,catholic priest4 ,neither did ,i have the remotest idea that my rude sketch would be used in crediting me with being a civil engineer of no mean ability1 nor that my having been in the army of the ,united ,states would entitle me to the dignity of a highly educated military graduate from some ,united ,states army school2 nor was ,i aware that my walk and carriage were that of an officer in the military establishment of my government4 ,yet the sequel will show that all this was the case4 ,,chapter ,,xxvii4 ,,invited ,,to ,,organize ,,schools--,,catholic ,,priests ,,displeased ,,at ,,mormon ,,success--,,good ,,attendance ,,at ,,the ,,schools--,,threats ,,by ,,the ,,priests--,,discomfiture ,,of ,,the ,,latter--,,feast ,,and ,,address ,,of ,,welcome ,,by ,,the ,,natives ,,to ,,the ,,writer--,,preaching ,,and ,,baptisms--,,catholic ,,priests ,,seize ,a ,,schoolhouse ,,belonging ,,to ,,the ,,saints--,,disturb ,a ,,saints' ,,meeting--,,more ,,baptisms--,,further ,,annoyance ,,by ,,catholics--,,people ,,decide ,,against ,,them--,,town ,,officials ,,appealed ,,to--,,they ,,uphold ,,the ,,decision ,,in ,,favor ,,of ,,the ,,mormons--,,priests ,,write ,,to ,,governor ,,bonard1 ,,making ,,false ,,charges ,,against ,,me--,a ,,peculiar ,,dream4 ,,on ,august #gth ,i was solicited by the chief men of ,putuhara to assist them in organizing a school4 ,indeed1 the whole people were anxious to have me aid them in this1 therefore ,i took hold as requested4 ,they had no school at that time1 and were looking for a white ,elder to start one1 as they themselves had but a vague idea of the proper order or rules to govern such an organization4 ,the writer did not have the remotest idea that he would meet with the antagonism of the ,catholic priests in this matter1 as there was a unanimous desire for him among the people1 who had rejected the offer of the priest stationed at that place4 ,however1 ,i soon heard that the priest was displeased because the people had rejected him and supported us by sending their children to our school1 and by feasting me and showing me marked preference in many ways4 ,our house was crowded to its full capacity every evening1 while the priest sat alone in his studio4 ,on ,august #abth we had thirty-six students2 by the #adth the school had increased to sixty-five4 ,the priest came to the door1 looked in1 then turned short on his heel1 and went away without speaking1 yet showing his displeasure in his manner4 ,soon he got a house to run opposition in school work1 but he failed to get pupils4 ,then he became very cross and snarly at every one he came in contact with2 at least1 so said the people4 ,in company with some of my friends1 ,i went to ,otapipi on ,august #aeth4 ,we met a man with a letter from the head ,catholic priest1 for me4 ,it was in the ,tahitian language1 and began as follows3 ,iarran ,iatobo1 i te ,atua 7,james1 how do you do in the ,lord87 and continued1 translated into ,english3 ,this is what ,i have to say to you3 ,do not trouble our schools1 and we will not trouble yours4 ,if you do so again1 ,i will send for the governor's aide de camp1 and we will have you tried before him4 ,you must not trouble us any more4 ,it closed with ,tidar ,paran ,iaraan ae1 ,tavara 7,that is all the talk4 ,good bye to you47 ,as we had not knowingly interfered with their schools we did not make any reply1 but continued our journey to ,otapipi1 and held a prayer meeting at that place at #c o'clock p4m4 ,while there ,i saw a priest and his two attendants coming across the lake4 ,they landed1 and came straight to the house where we had put up4 ,the priest walked in without hesitation1 and politely offered to shake hands4 ,we met him as politely1 and took his hand4 ,then he asked if we had received a letter from the priest below4 ,we informed him that we had4 ,well1 said he1 we don't want you to interfere with our schools1 and we will not with yours4 ,at the same time he threatened me with the governor's authority1 if we did not walk straight4 ,after some discourse1 ,i asked him what kind of a ,god he worshiped4 ,he said a spirit without body or parts2 but he failed to find any ,scripture to support his belief1 and the people who had gathered around laughed at him1 making him feel very much out of temper4 ,on ,august #afth he called a few children together and spoke briefly to them in ,latin or some language that ,i did not understand4 ,then he departed for another village4 ,soon after this1 the people prepared a feast in honor of our visit4 ,the food consisted of roasted fish and fowl4 ,many little presents were also brought1 such as could be made from the fiber of the cocoanut husk1 mats1 shells1 etc4 ,when all was laid before us1 the spokesman said1 in substance1 in the ,tahitian language3 ,james1 as a token of our great love and respect for you1 the servant of ,god1 we1 the people of ,otapipi1 ,anaa1 have collected of all the varieties of food that our land affords1 and a few articles of use4 ,here is a pig1 there is a fish1 and fowl1 and here are cocoanuts4 ,this is meat and drink for us1 and all that is produced in our land4 ,we wish you to accept it from all of us as your true friends1 and we wish you to eat and be full4 ,be our president and teacher in the ,gospel1 and a teacher of our children2 for we are glad to have you come to our land as a father and guide4 ,our hearts are full of gladness that ,god has sent you to our land1 that we may be taught to love the true and living ,god1 for we have always been in the dark1 and did not know there was a true and living ,god to love and worship4 ,now we have no more to say4 ,amen4 ,the foregoing is a fair representation of the addresses made to us on occasions such as that was4 ,that night the house could not hold all who came to search the ,scriptures and sing sacred hymns4 ,three persons offered themselves for baptism1 and were put off till ,sunday1 the #agth1 when ,i preached on faith1 repentance1 and baptism for the remission of sins4 ,at the afternoon services1 ,i exhorted the people to be faithful1 told them the conditions on which they could be admitted into the ,church1 and said that all who felt to accept those conditions might be accommodated that evening1 as ,i had three candidates to wait on at the close of the services4 ,when the meeting was over1 the whole congregation gathered down by the seaside4 ,we sang a hymn and prayed1 and ,i went down into the water and remained there until ,i had baptized thirty-five souls4 ,when these were confirmed1 the people remained together to a late hour before they would disperse4 ,on ,august #ahth1 agreeable to the request of the people and with the approval of the rulers of the village1 ,i opened a school1 classified the students1 and chose teachers for each class1 then laid down rules to govern them4 ,the feasting was continued from day to day to ,august #bdth4 ,on ,sunday1 the #beth1 ,i preached from the second chapter of the ,acts of the ,apostles4 ,at the close of the meeting three persons presented themselves for baptism1 and we attended to the ordinance4 ,one of those baptized was ,mahia1 who1 forty years later1 presided over the entire mission1 being1 at the latter time1 totally blind4 ,besides the three mentioned1 sixteen others were baptized1 and all of them confirmed4 ,on the #bfth1 the school was continued in good order4 ,that day the news came that the ,catholic priest had taken charge of our meeting house at ,temarari1 although the house was built and owned by the ,latter-day ,saints4 ,the priest claimed the right to control it in the interest of his church2 and the ,saints requested me to come and help them regain possession of the house4 ,with two of the natives1 ,i started on the #bgth1 quite a company1 male and female1 following us4 ,when we arrived a feast was prepared2 the people gave us a perfect ovation4 ,we held meeting that evening1 the #bhth1 and ,i preached from the twelfth chapter of ,luke4 ,at the close of the meeting the bell was rung for school4 ,in came the priest to take charge1 but as he had no right to the hour1 and the people did not want him to teach1 but desired me to take charge1 ,i told them that when they settled the dispute about the house1 if it was desired by the whole people and their officers that ,i should proceed1 ,i would do so4 ,they arranged to settle the matter in a day or two4 ,on the #cjth ,i received a letter from ,elder ,t4 ,w4 ,whitaker1 of ,tahiti1 and ,i wrote to the white ,elders4 ,the same evening ,i had a call from two of the ,catholic priests1 whose names were ,tavara and ,harara4 ,evidently they were very much disturbed in their feelings1 as the people were still feasting with and showing every respect possible to me1 while they passed the priests by with a cold nod4 ,sunday morning1 ,august #cast1 ,i preached on the attributes of ,god4 ,at the close of our meeting the priests rang the bell and came marching in with their lamps and images1 demanding possession of the house4 ,we told them we had business matters to attend to1 and were not ready to give up the place4 ,nevertheless1 they piled their things on the table in front of me as ,i sat writing4 ,they had as much as two or three men could carry4 ,they crowded their things right into my way1 so ,i asked what they meant by such conduct1 and who had invited them there before we got through with our business4 ,they replied that it was their time for meeting1 and demanded the house1 claiming it was a public building1 and that they had a right to hold their meetings in it4 ,i said that it had been built and was owned by the ,mormon people1 and that we did not propose to be disturbed by the intruders until we had finished our business4 ,at that they flew into a rage and threatened us with the law1 as they had done before1 but finally they cooled down1 carried their things out1 and waited until we were through and had left4 ,then they held their services4 ,i do not think they had over six persons in their congregation4 ,they dispersed quietly1 and at #aj o'clock a4m4 we held meeting again4 ,i preached on faith and baptism4 ,one hundred and thirty people attended our meeting4 ,in the evening ,i baptized and confirmed twenty-five persons4 ,on ,monday1 ,september #ast1 ,i took up school by request of the people and their peace officers4 ,on the #dth we had thirty students4 ,on the #eth1 two native ,elders went with me to ,tuuhora4 ,we received a call from a priest2 also held a prayer meeting1 but few people attended it4 ,on ,sunday we held three meetings1 administered the sacrament1 baptized nineteen souls1 and confirmed them4 ,on ,monday1 the #hth1 we organized a school with fifty students1 and with the peace officers selected a teacher for each class4 ,the ,catholic priest called on me and forbade me changing his hours of school4 ,as ,i had not attempted to interfere with him or his schools1 ,i came to the conclusion that he was seeking an occasion against me under the law1 as they had threatened me with before4 ,i knew they were jealous1 for where ,i stopped the people would throng around me and the priests were left alone4 ,when the older people had gone through some morning exercises that day1 desiring on my part to prevent further trouble with the priest1 ,i sent him word that as soon as we got through with the younger classes he could occupy the building1 but not before1 as he had threatened to do4 ,just as the messenger returned1 the priest rang the bell most spitefully1 and then came rushing into the school room1 his eyes flashing angrily4 ,our school was greatly disturbed4 ,i advanced1 and asked him civilly if he wished to attend our school4 ,he said yes1 evidently misunderstanding me4 ,i pointed him to a seat1 saying we were much pleased to have our school increase1 and would he please give me his name4 ,i must confess that ,i felt a little mischievous1 and to retaliate slightly for their constant meddling in our affairs4 ,he saw the point1 flew into a rage1 and sent for the landholders of the place to have me put out of the house4 ,the landholders came1 and told him they did not wish to have me disturbed1 as they had sent for me to come and take up a school2 that the people preferred me to him2 that he was the one who had made the disturbance1 not me1 and that he must give way and cease his interference4 ,not satisfied with that decision1 the priest sent for the governor and chief men of the town1 who came1 and with them a large crowd of citizens4 ,when the governor had heard both sides1 he confirmed the decision of the landholders1 and called for a vote of the people to say which of us should teach school4 ,the vote was unanimous against the priest4 ,then the governor told him that as the people did not want him he must leave the house at once1 and not disturb me or my school any more1 for none of the people had any use for him1 as he had witnessed2 they had all voted against him1 and all wanted ,iatobo4 ,at this1 the priest took up his books and slates1 and after accusing me of everything that was mean and low1 and calling the ,mormon people the vilest names1 he withdrew4 ,later1 he wrote a letter to ,governor ,bonard1 of ,tahiti1 and circulated it for signatures4 ,we learned afterwards that he got thirty signers4 ,i believe that eleven were ,french traders1 and the other nineteen were natives whom the traders had in their employment4 ,we also learned1 at the cost of inquiry1 that the priest's letter contained the charges upon which ,i was subsequently arrested4 ,but at that time we continued our school in peace4 ,on ,september #abth ,i was feasted in royal style by non-members of the ,church4 ,they called on one of the native ,elders to deliver the address1 which he did in a most eloquent manner4 ,i responded in the usual way1 and accepted their kind offering4 ,the cook disposed of the spread to the great satisfaction of the whole assembly1 on such occasions all present being directly interested in the distribution of the eatables4 ,about this time the writer had a remarkable dream4 ,he dreamed that ,god appeared1 and told him to go to a field of his earthly father's1 and replant where the birds and squirrels had destroyed the grain4 ,then his father appeared and showed him where to begin the labor4 ,when he had been furnished with seed and a hoe1 he went to work1 and the replanting was soon done4 ,then he was shown a field of wheat that1 in the spring of the year1 was about eight inches high4 ,the ground was quite wet1 and the grain was growing nicely4 ,while he was gazing on the bright prospects1 a herd of cattle came in1 breaking down the fence4 ,they seemed to trample everything they came to4 ,then he heard a voice say1 ,drive them out2 and as he attempted to do so1 a fiery red bull made a charge toward him so that it seemed impossible for him to escape being gored to death2 but as the animal lowered its head to make the deadly thrust1 the writer seized it by both horns and bore its head to the earth4 ,the animal was coming with such force that it turned a somersault1 both horns being sunk to the head in the earth1 and the bull's neck being broken4 ,then a black and white bull1 very peculiarly marked1 came up in the same fierce manner1 only to meet with a similar fate4 ,at that the herd cleared the field1 but not until much damage had been done4 ,when he awoke1 the writer felt that there was more trouble ahead for him1 but he did not know from what source it would come4 ,of the priests who had given so much annoyance1 one had fiery red hair1 and another was white and dark spotted1 or freckle-faced4 ,,chapter ,,xxviii4 ,,go ,,to ,,temaraia--,,miraculous ,,healings--,,child ,,assailed ,,by ,,an ,,evil ,,spirit--,,strange ,,occurrence--,,gift ,,of ,,sea ,,biscuits--,,perform ,a ,,surgical ,,operation--,,hammering ,,out ,,teeth--,,the ,,writer ,,as ,a ,,surgeon ,,and ,,dentist--,,roughs ,,disturb ,a ,,meeting--,,they ,,are ,,stricken ,,with ,,death--,,fatal ,,sickness ,,among ,,the ,,people--,,lower ,,classes ,,of ,,the ,,natives ,,at ,a ,,feast--,,their ,,reverence ,,for ,,religious ,,services ,,and ,,preachers--,,two ,,parties ,,of ,,natives ,,in ,,battle ,,array--,,fighting ,,averted ,,by ,,the ,,writer ,,addressing ,,the ,,contending ,,factions ,,in ,,favor ,,of ,,peace--,,wars ,,among ,,the ,,natives--,,some ,,of ,,their ,,practices--,,gathering ,,and ,,keeping ,,human ,,heads--,,causes ,,of ,,cannibalism--,,conversation ,,with ,,one ,,who ,,had ,,been ,a ,,cannibal--,,flavor ,,of ,,native ,,and ,,white ,,men',s ,,flesh ,,compared--,,the ,,tastiest ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,human ,,body4 ,,on ,september #aith1 ,nihiru1 a native brother1 came with his canoe and gave the writer a free passage to a village on the east end of the island1 called ,tematahoa4 ,we arrived in the evening and found a great deal of sickness among the people4 ,just at dark on the #bjth1 a brother named ,pasai came from ,temaraia with a sick man to have him anointed and administered to4 ,i attended to that and he was healed4 ,on the #bast1 ,sunday1 ,i preached on the signs1 gifts of healing1 etc4 ,there were about two hundred and fifty persons in the congregation4 ,in the evening ,i baptized and confirmed eighteen persons4 ,monday morning ,i opened school with twenty-eight pupils2 next day there were forty-one4 ,on the following day1 ,september #bdth1 a man and his wife came to me with a child three and a half months old4 ,they said that a short time before their child had been taken sick in the night1 and they had talked to each other of having it anointed4 ,at this1 the child spoke1 and stated in plain words1 like an adult1 that it would not be anointed4 ,it said many words as plainly as any person could do4 ,from that time it grew worse to the day it was brought to me to be administered to4 ,the parents said they did not belong to the ,church1 but desired to be baptized1 for they believed the ,gospel as the ,mormon ,elders taught it4 ,their names were ,tauahi and ,taui4 ,we baptized them and one other person1 then administered to the child1 which lay limp as if dead4 ,we could not tell whether it was dead or alive4 ,however1 when we took our hands off its head1 it opened its eyes and looked as if nothing was the matter4 ,then it nursed as any healthy child might4 ,there were many people gathered there1 and all were astonished at what had taken place4 ,finally the babe went to sleep as if nothing had been wrong with it1 and the whole company rejoiced at the great change that had come4 ,they said that truly it was the ,almighty who had healed the child through ,his servant4 ,i turned and gave my attention to some writing that was necessary1 and the crowd became unusually quiet4 ,in a few minutes a strong rushing or movement among the people attracted my attention1 and as ,i turned to face the people there appeared to be an ashy paleness over the faces of the whole assembly4 ,all seemed terrified and speechless4 ,at that moment an aged couple1 a man and his wife1 entered the door and went straightway to where the sleeping infant lay4 ,they bowed down over it and kissed it1 and then went through some ancient heathen ceremony that ,i could not understand4 ,then they walked direct to their canoes and sailed across the lake to where they had come from4 ,from that moment the relatives of the child began to mourn and say that it would die2 and sure enough1 inside of an hour it was a corpse4 ,the parents were asked why they had lost faith and given up the child4 ,they said the old people who had kissed the babe had power with evil spirits1 and had afflicted it in the first place2 that their power had been broken by the ,priesthood1 and they could not reunite it with the babe until they could come and touch it2 and when they had done that1 the parents and all concerned lost faith1 and could not resist the influence that came with the old pair of witches1 as we think they would be called by some civilized people4 ,i must confess it was a strange thing to me4 ,i had never before witnessed anything so strange4 ,it was on the #bgth of ,september that the child died4 ,on the same day a ,scotchman came and brought me a few sea biscuits4 ,i was very thankful to him for the favor1 for bread was such a rarity in that part of the country as to give a man some satisfaction in seeing it1 even though he might not have the pleasure of eating it4 ,thanks to the benevolent ,scotchman4 ,i regret that ,i have forgotten his name4 ,the next day ,i preached on the resurrection of the dead1 and baptized and confirmed eighteen persons into the ,church4 ,before leaving my reminiscences of this place1 ,i will narrate two incidents of some note to me4 ,in one1 we were called to see a man who had been confined to his room the greater part of a year with a swelling in his hip and thigh4 ,on examination it was found that his whole hip and thigh were filled with a thick and very noxious pus4 ,no one in the village dared to lance it1 but when ,i told him his condition he insisted that ,i should cut it whether it killed or cured4 ,i hesitated to comply with his wish until all his immediate relatives had been consulted1 and had given their assent4 ,otherwise1 the superstition of the people was so great that if in the operation the patient succumbed the operator would have the gravest responsibility to meet4 ,but when all concerned had given sanction1 and each had assumed his or her responsibility1 ,i performed the operation most successfully1 the wound discharging at least six pints of the most offensive matter1 and the patient being greatly relieved from his terrible suffering4 ,the operation was performed with a penknife1 for in that country at that time the only surgical instrument ever used for cutting was a shark's tooth or a scale from a broken bottle4 ,in this case the operation seemed to the people very little less than a miracle4 ,the news thereof spread all over the island1 insomuch that the operator acquired much practice in similar cases1 such as swollen jaws1 boils1 carbuncles1 etc41 and though he performed many operations1 he never received one cent as pay4 ,if the people had toothache1 he was called on and performed the operation of extraction1 in some instances using a rusty nail1 or any kind of an old iron1 in place of a hammer or mallet1 to punch the tooth out4 ,his best dentist tool was his rifle bullet mold1 using both ends for forceps4 ,he never failed to give satisfaction1 for there were neither dentists nor surgeons in that part of the world4 ,the other incident1 and a very singular one1 which occurred at that place was this3 ,on one occasion seven very rough characters came into our sacrament meeting4 ,some of them were said to be from an adjacent island4 ,they came1 took seats at the back of the hall1 and behaved very rudely1 making loud remarks and threats about the young ladies of the choir4 ,when they partook of the sacrament they said that when the meeting was out they would administer ihe sacrament in a very different manner to that in which the ,mormons did it4 ,sure enough1 at the close of the meeting they pushed along through the congregation till they came to the young ladies1 and made wicked propositions to them1 which were very quickly spurned4 ,then they passed on1 still making their boasts of what they would do at nightfall4 ,but they failed in carrying out their threats1 for in a very short time three of them were stricken down with violent cramps1 so terrible that all three were corpses before the next morning4 ,the other four had strong symptoms of the same complaint1 and inside of a week they were dead also4 ,the people said it was the power of evil spirits that had been sent to destroy them1 that they might not be permitted to carry out their wicked purposes4 ,the whole people were so excited that they shot off guns1 blew horns1 built large fires1 prayed and shouted in wild confusion1 to drive away the evil spirits2 and many people were smitten with sickness and some died4 ,on the #bith of ,september we sailed for ,putuhara4 ,the wind blew a gale1 and we had a fearful passage1 but succeeded in reaching our destination in safety1 and in time for evening meeting1 when we preached to a large congregation4 ,october #ast1 ,i baptized and confirmed three persons4 ,on the same day the roughest people of the island assembled to feast and dance4 ,it seemed that to quarrel and fight was the principal number on their program1 and they appeared to indulge in everything that was wicked4 ,they killed pigs1 chickens and dogs1 roasted all alike1 and ate them with great relish4 ,they also ran through the streets with torchlights and firebrands1 and the confusion was so great and turbulent that it looked more like an actual battle of savages than a dance4 ,all ages participated1 from the child of tender years up to the old grayheaded man and woman1 all of them two-thirds naked1 and some of the children entirely nude4 ,i had seen ,indians in their warpaint and dances1 but this excelled in confused savage deeds anything ,i ever beheld before4 ,it seemed that they never knew what order meant4 ,yet1 strange to say1 at the first tap of the church bell they reminded me of a turkey gobbler which1 when in full strut1 seeing a dog run at him1 drops his feathers so suddenly that he does not look like the same bird4 ,so it was with that savage-looking lot4 ,at the first tap of the bell they became as silent as if dead1 then retreated to their hiding places1 and not another yell was heard from any of them1 so great was their reverence for religious services4 ,at one time1 though1 it did seem that they could not be silenced short of bloodshed1 for there were two opposing parties mixed up together4 ,when the confusion was straightened out and peace apparently restored1 the parties separated1 only to come together again later1 with more roast pigs1 chickens and dogs4 ,then they ate of their feast until full1 when some unwise person of one party made an insulting remark about the other party4 ,quickly the participants in the feast formed for battle1 armed with clubs and stones4 ,at that moment one man from each party ran for the ormatua 7missionary74 ,i went out and stepped up on to a large chest1 at the same time calling aloud for peace4 ,strange as it may seem1 although their clubs and stones were raised to strike fatal blows1 and the women and children were shrieking and crying1 the moment the natives recognized me among them they dropped their ugly weapons and listened1 and the spokesman of each party came forward to plead his particular case4 ,i caught the spirit of the situation and addressed them briefly on the subject of peace1 order and good will to all1 and exhorted them to leave their grievances to two or more of their cooler and wiser men to settle4 ,this they agreed to do2 then they joined forces and made an attack on the writer1 not for blood1 but of love and respect4 ,men and women seized on to him1 embracing him and shaking his hands until he was nearly smothered and almost borne to the ground4 ,i would not have it understood that this great reverence and respect was shown to me for any superiority that ,i would claim2 but it was a man's calling as a minister of the ,gospel which they held sacred before the ,lord4 ,so long as he did not betray their confidence1 the minister's influence was almost unbounded1 and with all their faults the natives had many most estimable qualities4 ,from this great excitement1 and the accounts that he had heard from time to time1 the writer was led to inquire into the manner of warfare1 the traditions and the superstitions1 as also into the causes for and cannibalism of the islanders4 ,their wars usually had an origin in very trivial causes1 such as family quarrels1 thefts1 politics and disputes over land or over fishing waters4 ,at one time the islands had a dense population1 and the strong would go on the warpath for conquest1 one village or island being pitted against another4 ,their ariis 7kings71 as they call them--,i think it would be more proper to designate them as chiefs1 as the ,indians do--attain power through brave and heroic acts1 and the great havoc they make among their adversaries4 ,their weapons consisted chiefly of spears made from fish bone and hard wood1 stones and slings1 clubs1 and a rudely fashioned glove made by winding bark and shark's teeth together in such a way as to have the teeth stand out thickly on the inside of the hand4 ,with this latter weapon they would grapple with and tear out each other's entrails4 ,they had rude drums and some kind of whistles for musical instruments4 ,in war1 the two parties approach each other1 dancing1 boasting and threatening1 until within a few feet of each other1 when they leap at and onto one another in a hand-to-hand conflict1 fighting as wild beasts1 to a finish4 ,their mothers1 sisters1 daughters and aunts prepare themselves with strong baskets made from the cocoanut leaf1 and swing these on their backs2 then 7each with a sharp rock or a seashell in her hand7 they enter the battlefield in rear of their nearest male relative4 ,when the latter has dispatched his man or disabled him so that the women can finish him1 he engages another adversary1 while the woman beheads his victim1 puts the head into her basket1 swings it on her back1 and continues to follow her male relative to victory or death4 ,when a war is over1 and the victorious party returns home1 each family has a place for the captured heads1 where they are put in rows1 being set some six or eight inches below the surface of the ground1 and easy of access4 ,this was done so that when any question arose as to the bravest family1 or the member of a family to take the first place as dictator or chief1 the mori1 or place of skulls may be visited and a tally made1 when the one with the highest number of skulls or heads is given the coveted position4 ,in these contests they also count the heads taken by their ancestors1 as far back as they can find them1 no matter how many generations they cover4 ,thus the family with the most skulls gets the place sought1 which is generally that of chief or king4 ,when a battle is ended1 the victors pass over the ground1 often bleeding from their wounds1 and starved and well nigh exhausted from being without food4 ,the islanders have a tradition that whatever gives them pain they should eat4 ,so if they are wounded by a sharp stone which by any means has fastened itself into a man's flesh1 or by a sliver1 they extract and eat it1 saying1 ,you are my enemy1 you never shall hurt me more4 ,thus they seem to satisfy the vicious spirit of revenge4 ,this strange proceeding may have had something to do with the origin of cannibalism4 ,still1 ,i am rather inclined to think it had its beginning in starvation1 and to that was added the spirit of revenge4 ,thus the appetite was cultivated until1 with very slight pretext1 human life became sacrificed to a depraved and vicious appetite4 ,these practices and others seemed to be justified in their savage minds1 insomuch that they did not scruple in gathering up the slain and feeding upon them4 ,his curiosity having been awakened in searching into heathen life1 the writer made inquiries at the most authentic sources of information for further light on this custom4 ,in one case he found an old lady who was the last of the fifth generation back4 ,her intellect seemed bright1 although she could not open her eyes except with her fingers4 ,when questioned in regard to cannibalism1 she lifted her eyelids and said1 ,i have followed my fathers1 brothers1 husband and sons in battle1 and we ate our victims as we would eat pork or fish4 ,when asked if she had eaten white man's flesh1 she replied1 ,yes2 we captured some white men on a small schooner and ate them4 ,the next inquiry was whether there was any difference in the taste of the white man's and of the native's flesh4 ,yes1 said she2 the white man's flesh is hard1 tough and salty1 while the flesh of the native is sweet and tender4 ,then came the question as to what part of the human body was preferable to eat4 ,she said the heel and the hand of a fourteen year-old girl were the sweetest morsels of flesh she ever ate4 ,being asked if she did not have feelings of remorse when they had committed actions like these1 her answer was3 ,not a bit1 it was in our days of heathendom2 but now1 since the ,gospel has come to us1 we have no desire for anything of that kind1 though formerly we took pleasure in our practices1 for our minds were very dark4 ,,chapter ,,xxix4 ,,hold ,,conference ,,in ,,putuhara--,,instructions ,,to ,,the ,,saints--,,go ,,to ,,otapipi--,,opposition ,,at ,,temaraia--,,officials ,,bribed ,,by ,,catholic ,,priests --,,arrival ,,of ,a ,,french ,,warship--,,the ,,writer ,,is ,,arrested ,,while ,,expounding ,,the ,,scriptures ,,to ,,the ,,natives--,,cause ,,of ,,arrest ,,is ,,false ,,accusation ,,by ,,catholic ,,priests--,i ,,plead ,,not ,,guilty--,,ordered ,,taken ,,to ,,tahiti--,,painful ,,prison ,,experience--,,cannibals ,,in ,,custody--,,start ,,for ,,the ,,ship--,,sympathy ,,of ,,the ,,natives--,,hurried ,,into ,,the ,,ship',s ,,boat--,,in ,a ,,school ,,of ,,whales--,a ,,frightened ,,boat ,,load--,,on ,,board ,,the ,,warship--,,uncomfortable ,,quarters--,,questionable ,,french ,,courtesy--,,among ,,cockroaches1 ,,filth1 ,,and ,,inconveniences--,,soft ,,side ,,of ,a ,,plank ,,for ,a ,,bed4 ,,leaving the revolting subject of cannibalism1 ,i will return to our missionary labors4 ,peace and quiet having been restored1 the people assembled in ,putuhara on ,october #eth for conference1 ,elder ,james ,s4 ,brown presiding4 ,after reports of the various branches had been made1 as presiding ,elder ,i reported the condition of the ,church generally on the island1 made a few opening remarks1 and called on the different ,elders to speak4 ,one after another these referred to themselves and the people generally having a desire for me to write home to the ,church authorities1 to get a missionary to each village4 ,all spoke of their love for the ,gospel1 and their wish to have it preached on all the adjacent islands4 ,there was such enthusiasm among the people that it seemed unwise to hold a lengthy conference4 ,the zeal of the people there was such that it well nigh drove them into a frenzy2 so after the business of the conference had been done1 ,i addressed them on the object of a house of worship1 that it was a place in which to worship the true and living ,god1 and not a dancehouse or a place to have lawsuits1 quarreling1 fighting1 and worshiping of idols in1 as they had been doing4 ,a motion was made and carried that our building be kept exclusively for a house of worship4 ,thus everything else was forbidden by the landholders4 ,at the close of the conference eight persons were baptized and confirmed4 ,the schools of the different villages met on ,october #fth1 to read and spell in friendly contest4 ,october #gth1 the school in ,putuhara had increased to one hundred pupils4 ,that day the rougher element of the place assembled again in their wild dancing2 they sold their jewelry for fat dogs and pigs4 ,on the #aath1 the non-,mormon women of the place prepared a great feast for us1 and turned it over with pride1 saying1 ,here is a token of our love for you1 and we desire you to accept it and remain in our town and teach us of the ,lord4 ,we preached on ,sunday1 the #abth1 and on that day also baptized and confirmed five persons4 ,next day1 school was opened with one hundred pupils4 ,a great deal of sickness was reported in the town4 ,on the #adth1 school was continued in good order1 and we departed in a small canoe for ,otapipi1 where we found the people pleased to see us4 ,the school there was intact4 ,next day ,i wrote to ,elder ,alviras ,hanks that ,i had heard of his having been cast away on another island4 ,sunday1 ,october #aith1 ,i preached1 and baptized two persons4 ,on the #bdth ,i went to ,temaraia1 where ,i met with more opposition from the ,catholic priest1 with regard to school matters1 and learned that he had bribed ,governor ,telidha1 also ,parai1 the mouthpiece of the town1 as he was called4 ,having them for his backing1 the priest was very bold and defiant1 and no doubt thought that by keeping up an excitement the ,catholics would gain some support for the foul and false charges which he had made against me4 ,by the means ,i have named1 the priest got a decision against us1 and for the first time we were compelled to yield1 but much against the people's desires4 ,still1 all settled down from high excitement to peace and quiet1 till ,october #bhth1 when the ,french frigate ,durance made its appearance northwest of the island4 ,the warship had on board the governor's aide de camp1 who landed at ,tuuhora with his guards4 ,on the #bith he crossed the lagoon to ,temaraia1 where we were4 ,at #h p4m41 while ,i was engaged in expounding the scriptures to a few of the natives1 in came a ,french gen d' arme and a native officer4 ,they presented me with a warrant1 which1 being in the ,french language1 ,i could not read4 ,the officers stood for a minute or so1 when ,i gave them to understand that ,i was unable to decipher the document4 ,thereupon the native officer said that it meant that ,i was to appear before the governor's aide de camp1 down at the stockade1 at #i o'clock1 and if ,i did not come willingly1 they had orders to drag me there like a dog4 ,they being armed with swords and pistols1 ,i thought it wisest to go willingly1 especially as there was no chance to do otherwise4 ,the officers were quite haughty1 yet somewhat nervous1 for they had been told that ,i was prepared to make a strong resistance4 ,of course1 ,i accompanied them readily and without a word1 and was soon ushered into the august presence of the governor's aide4 ,i found him seated in a small room1 in which were four or five other officers and a few soldiers armed with muskets and cutlasses4 ,when ,i entered1 the interpreter arose1 read a long list of charges1 and asked for my plea4 ,i answered not guilty to each accusation4 ,it will be remembered by the reader that when ,i first landed on the island ,i sketched1 at the request of some of the natives1 a rough outline of the ,united ,states1 pointing out my birthplace1 also ,salt ,lake ,city1 and where gold had been discovered in ,california4 ,from that time the ,catholic priests had conspired to entrap me1 to break my influence1 and to close my schools4 ,the charges against me began1 as near as ,i now remember them1 and with memory refreshed from brief notes taken at the time1 by an assertion that ,i had subverted the laws of the ,french protectorate2 had interfered with government schools2 had hoisted the ,american flag2 had enrolled some three thousand men for the ,american government1 to be controlled by the ,mormon ,church2 had armed the men2 was a civil engineer of no mean ability2 had ordered the people to demolish some of the towns1 and rebuild with better fortifications2 that my walk and general movements indicated military ability1 and undoubtedly ,i had been brought up at a military school in the ,united ,states2 that ,i had mapped out plans of defense2 had great power with the native people1 and was capable of doing much mischief in the country4 ,these1 and many other charges of a frivolous nature1 were in the list1 all of them without the slightest foundation in fact1 except that ,i had much influence with the people4 ,i stated that ,i proposed to prove myself innocent of every one of the accusations made4 ,to this the officer made answer that they had the most positive proof to establish the charges1 which were very serious4 ,he gave me two hours to settle my business1 and see friends1 when ,i would have to return to the stockade and stay where the governor's aide thought proper4 ,the next day ,i was to be taken on board the man-of-war4 and go as a prisoner to ,tahiti1 for trial4 ,upon receiving this information1 ,i claimed the right to be tried where ,i was accused of having committed the offense1 and where ,i had the witnesses in my behalf4 ,no2 said the officer1 your crime is too great to be tried before any less authority than the governor4 ,i asked to have witnesses summoned1 and the officer inquired if ,i had any way of taking them to ,tahiti4 ,he knew1 of course1 that ,i was helpless in that regard1 and being so answered1 told his men to take me in charge4 ,accordingly1 they marched me to where the arrest had been made4 ,i gathered up some of my effects1 bade goodbye to my friends1 and returned to the stockade4 ,there ,i was ordered to a seat under an open shed till daylight1 being guarded by two lustful police1 who took unwarranted liberty with some lewd females1 behaving most shamefully in the prisoner's presence4 ,my friends brought bedding for me and attempted to spread it1 but were rudely driven away by the guards1 who took turns at pacing in front of me1 while the other interested himself with the females spoken of1 who were void of shame4 ,that night ,i was mortified and disgusted as ,i never had been before with peace officers4 ,at last the long night wore past1 and dawn appeared4 ,then close to my right1 in a stockade1 ,i saw about fifteen native cannibals1 who could barely hide their nakedness4 ,they had been captured by ,french soldiers on some island in the north1 and were accused of killing1 upon different occasions1 the white crews of three small schooners4 ,they were also charged with eating their victims1 as well as robbing and scuttling the schooners4 ,i took my last glance at those fierce-looking monsters just at sunrise on ,october #cjth1 when ,i was called before the aide de camp to sign my name four times in ,english1 and four times in the ,tahitian language4 ,then ,i was ordered into a filthy old boat that was used to collect oil4 ,the boat's crew were rough and dirty1 and scoffed and jeered at me and otherwise made the sail across the lagoon to ,tuuhora as disagreeable as they could4 ,when we landed at ,tuuhora it was among about one hundred and fifty ,french marines4 ,they1 too1 must jeer1 and satisfy their curiosity by gathering around and impertinently staring me in the face1 jabbering together and laughing1 while the natives met me with sympathy expressed in their countenances4 ,two soldiers kept close to me1 however1 and did not allow much opportunity for conversation with anyone4 ,i was served with a bowl of fish broth and a small piece of bread1 and when this was eaten ,i was ordered to the landing1 to one of the boats from the warship4 ,by this time there were probably five hundred native people gathered4 ,these followed to the boat1 declaring that where their missionary went they would go1 too1 and saying1 ,it is the ,catholic priests who have done this1 with their lies4 ,the news of the arrest had been heralded during the night to every village1 and boats and canoes were coming in1 laden with sympathizing friends1 not only ,church members1 but full as many that did not belong to the ,church4 ,they said1 ,e mea hama teie 7a shameful thing1 this74 ,the excitement became so general that the guard was increased to about twenty armed men1 and the prisoner was urged to hurry into the boat4 ,as the water was from shoe-top to knee-deep between the shore and the boat1 ,i attempted to take off my shoes and turn my pants up1 but ,i was forbidden to stop1 and was crowded into the vessel4 ,when ,i reached it1 it was full of sympathizing men1 women and children1 weeping and accusing the ,catholic priests4 ,fully five hundred people lined the shore1 some with rolls of bedding1 while others were laden down with baskets of cocoanuts4 ,when the guards arrived with their prisoner1 the boat was ordered cleared1 and as the native people were rather slow to obey the command1 the soldiers pricked them with their cutlasses and bayonets4 ,i was urged into the boat1 which was soon manned1 and the boatmen soon pulled from the shore1 while many scores of people wept aloud1 shrieking out my native name1 ,iatobo1 ,iatobo2 no te ,catholic te i a ne peapea 7,james1 ,james1 of the ,catholics this trouble74 ,they waved handkerchiefs as long as we could see them4 ,as the boat was going out to the ship1 it ran into what seemed to us to be hundreds or even thousands of whales4 ,for a while the sea seemed to be black with them4 ,at the same time the boatmen took in their oars and became pale and still as death1 lest the monsters should take fright and knock us into eternity and the boat into splinters4 ,the oarsmen were better aware of the danger than ,i was1 and were ashy pale4 ,indeed1 it may have been the same with me for aught ,i know1 for ,i did not see my own face as ,i saw theirs4 ,but ,i had been where cattle stampeded1 where the wild buffalo was rampant1 or wild mustangs were charging by thousands on the plains by night and by day2 had been surrounded by packs of fierce and hungry wolves2 had been in the brush when grizzly bear were thick around1 or when rattlesnake and deadly viper hissed in my ears2 and ,i had been chased by savage ,indians2 still ,i do not remember a time when ,i felt that every hair on my head was trying to let on end more than ,i did for a few moments as these great sea monsters glided past so near that we could almost put our hands on their long1 black backs1 while they shot by swiftly1 spouting the briny spray almost in our faces4 ,the thought of the loss of the boat did not concern me so much as it did to think how easy it was for a whale1 at one stroke of its monster tail1 to make of us convenient shark's food4 ,while in this truly great peril1 minutes seemed hours to us1 and when it passed we breathed freely again1 and soon gained the great warship that was lying off shore1 for there was no harbor or anchorage at that island4 ,i was next required to try a new experiment1 to me1 that of climbing a rope ladder up the side of a ship as the latter rolled and pitched in the waves4 ,after a struggle ,i succeeded in reaching the deck in safety1 there to be surrounded by the marines as though ,i had been a wild beast4 ,when their curiosity had been satisfied1 ,i was ordered down on to what was called ,swaltses' battery1 the gun deck4 ,there ,i found that as ,i walked my head came in uncomfortable contact with the beams of the upper deck1 and at each one ,i had to duck my head4 ,this greatly amused the marines1 and they got a mopstick1 a broomstick1 or any kind of a stick4 ,some would press the sticks on the sides of their noses1 while others held theirs back of them1 poking their sticks up so as to hit the beams above4 ,then they would form into a squad and march by and duck heads with me1 while some were giving commands which ,i supposed meant1 ,left1 duck1 left duck--at any rate1 that was the action4 ,then they would shout and laugh4 ,soon meal time came1 and ,i was conducted into the hold of the ship1 and there assigned to a small1 filthy room4 ,there was an old chair in it1 and a bunk without bedding4 ,the room swarmed with cockroaches1 which seemed to be thicker than flies4 ,i was served with a bowl of fish broth1 and one small loaf of bread and a bottle of wine1 for the day's rations4 ,then an officer called me to follow him to the upper deck and to the bow of the ship1 where he made me understand1 by unmistakable motions1 that ,i was to use the chains for a water closet4 ,in disgust ,i remembered that ,i was among ,frenchmen1 the most stylish1 the proudest1 and the most fashionable people in the world4 ,i was an ,american1 honored with two uniformed and armed ,french attendants1 who never left me alone only when ,i was in my room1 following me everywhere1 allowing none to obstruct my path1 and even being careful to keep me from falling out through the portholes1 as1 when ,i leaned over a big gun to look out upon the deep1 they would take me by the arm1 lead me away1 and show me the big hole in the deck1 and my room4 ,by this time the writer began to understand ,french courtesy1 under some conditions1 and to realize his own situation4 ,he asked himself what the outcome would be1 he reviewed every action performed on the island of ,anaa1 and could not see wherein he had trenched upon anybody's rights or done anything against the law4 ,he failed to discover one intentional or other wrong2 so he felt to trust in the ,lord1 and made himself as contented as possible1 though he found the boards in the berth as hard as ,american boards1 notwithstanding that they were ,french lumber4 ,,chapter ,,xxx4 ,,voyage ,,to ,,papeete--,,in ,a ,,tahitian ,,dungeon--,,cruel ,,treatment--,,write ,,to ,,friends--,,kindness ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,hotel ,,keeper--,,brought ,,before ,,the ,,governor--,,false ,,charges ,,read1 ,,and ,,plea ,,of ,,not ,,guilty ,,entered--,,perjured ,,testimony ,,against ,,me--,,forbidden ,,to ,,look ,,at1 ,,or ,,even ,,cross-,,examine ,,witnesses--,,secrecy ,,of ,,the ,,alleged ,,trial--,,demand ,,my ,,rights ,,as ,,an ,,american ,,citizen--,,confusion ,,of ,,the ,,governor--,,returned ,,to ,,my ,,cell--,,american ,,consul ,,takes ,,up ,,my ,,case--,,gives ,,bonds ,,that ,i ,,will ,,leave ,,the ,,protectorate--,,elders ,,and ,,friends ,,call ,,on ,,me--,,my ,,visitors ,,allowed ,,to ,,say ,,but ,,little1 ,,and ,,sometimes ,,excluded--,,decision ,,of ,,the ,,governor ,,that ,i ,,must ,,leave ,,the ,,society ,,islands--,,fair ,,trial ,,refused ,,me--,,letter ,,from ,,the ,,american ,,consul--,,taken ,,to ,,the ,,consul',s ,,office--,,advised ,,to ,,leave--,,elders ,,decide ,,that ,i ,,should ,,go ,,outside ,,of ,,the ,,french ,,protectorate--,,set ,,sail ,,from ,,papeete4 ,,on ,november #crd1 #ahea1 we set sail for ,tahiti1 and on the #fth made the port of ,papeete1 having had a rough voyage4 ,when the ship anchored1 a police boat came alongside1 and the prisoner was ordered to try his skill at climbing down the rope ladder4 ,he promptly obeyed orders1 and soon found himself locked up in a cobblestone dungeon1 six by eight feet1 quite damp1 and so dark that not a ray of light penetrated it anywhere4 ,for his bed he had a board dressed out like a washboard4 ,he had a good mattress and pillows and blankets of his own1 but they were locked up in an adjoining room and he was denied the use of them4 ,what the object was he never learned1 unless it was done to punish him4 ,he remained in that condition fourteen hours out of the twenty-four1 and was fed on bread and water that was very filthy4 ,the water was kept in a small keg in a corner of his cell1 and was thick with a green1 moss-like substance4 ,in an opposite corner was a different kind of ,french water closet to that he had on shipboard--a keg which was never emptied during the prisoner's stay there4 ,unlike the water keg1 it was replenished often4 ,as to the result of such conditions in that hot climate1 ,i leave it to the reader to conjecture2 for ,i had enough of it without dwelling further on the subject4 ,on ,november #gth ,i wrote letters to ,elders ,thomas ,whitaker and ,julian ,moses1 the brethren who had been assigned to labor on ,tahiti4 ,on the #hth1 one ,mr4 ,lampher1 proprietor of the ,american hotel in ,papeete1 sent me a prime dinner4 ,it was received with thanks1 and was duly appreciated4 ,on the #ajth ,i was called out by the turnkey2 immediately an armed soldier took position on either side of me1 while a sergeant stepped directly in front1 then moved three steps in advance1 and gave the command to forward march4 ,in this order we passed two lines of sentinels and went to the governor's mansion1 where we met another officer1 who commanded a halt1 and ,i was directed to be seated for thirty minutes4 ,then ,i was called into the governor's office1 where ,i was confronted by his excellency and seven officers4 ,they were in full uniform and had sidearms4 ,each had in his hands what appeared to be notes4 ,i was at once ordered to be seated1 and the very profligate son of a ,protestant professor acted as interpreter1 read the long list of charges spoken of1 and asked for my plea thereto4 ,i answered not guilty4 ,then the trial began4 ,they placed on the witness stand a native named ,tania1 who had been admitted recently to the ,catholic church4 ,he had been posted in what he should say1 but seemingly had some pangs of conscience1 for when he stood up he turned his eyes toward me1 then to the court1 and back to me1 and answered the questions in a hesitating way1 his confusion being so great that the governer1 through the interpreter1 ordered me not to look at the witness1 as he said my countenance was so fierce and vivid as to baffle the most substantial witness4 ,i was not permitted to ask a question1 not even to cross-examine the witness4 ,the next testimony came from a man who had been brought to ,papeete a prisoner1 but who had been discharged without the formality of a hearing1 evidently that they might have him for a witness against me4 ,both he and the preceding witness were put on the stand without being sworn4 ,not a single spectator was permitted to be present1 so ,i concluded that if it was a court at all that was trying me it was a military court martial4 ,when ,i saw how onesidedly things were going1 ,i arose and asked the court what right it had to try me with closed doors1 not even allowing me the opportunity to defend myself4 ,i told them ,i was an ,american citizen1 and claimed my rights as such under existing treaties and international laws4 ,i quoted law that ,i had never read or heard mentioned1 for it was given to me of the ,lord in the hour that ,i had need4 ,i can never forget the expression on the faces of those officers4 ,not one of them would look me in the eye4 ,as ,i spoke1 every face was turned downward4 ,at the conclusion of my remarks ,i was marched back to the filthy cell1 without another word being said4 ,about this time ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,kelly1 the ,american consul1 called on the governor1 and on making inquiries about me and my alleged crime and arrest1 was told that ,i was a very dangerous man1 a man learned in treaties and international laws4 ,why1 said the governor to ,mr4 ,kelly1 he can quote more of them than my officers1 and he has great power and influence with the native people4 ,he is undoubtedly a military man of no mean ability4 ,for these reasons he cannot be permitted to take up his residence as a minister under the ,french protectorate4 ,i learned the foregoing from ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,kelly1 who told me that he had to sign bonds to the amount of fifty thousand francs1 and that sum would be forfeited if ,i did not leave the protectorate by the first vessel sailing from port1 or if ,i was known to preach another discourse under the ,french government4 ,that evening ,elder ,t4 ,whitaker called at my cell with two pies for me4 ,we were allowed to speak but few words to each other4 ,when the prison door had been locked again1 ,i wrote to ,elder ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard1 who1 as ,i learned from ,brother ,whitaker1 had arrived in port4 ,november #aath1 my old friend ,pahe called with a basket of fruit1 which was admitted1 but the giver was permitted to say scarcely a word4 ,i had a call on the #abth from ,elders ,s4 ,a4 ,dunn and ,julian ,moses4 ,their short visit gave me much satisfaction1 as they brought news from home4 ,on the #acth ,elder ,grouard and some other friends called with some food1 but they were not admitted1 the food being passed in to me by a murderer4 ,on ,november #adth ,i was called before the governor's aide de camp1 who said1 ,i suppose you have heard the decision of the governor and his council8 ,i told him no4 ,he then said1 ,they have decided that you must leave the protectorate by the first vessel sailing from port1 or you will be detained until you are willing to comply with that decision4 ,i asked if they intended to send me away without a fair trial4 ,he said yes2 that the governor had it in his power to send out anyone that raised a disturbance in the country4 ,i asked him to show that ,i had raised a disturbance4 ,he said1 ,it does not need proof1 for the ,mormon missionaries have caused the government a great deal of trouble1 and the decision is that you must go by the first vessel leaving port1 or remain in prison till you agree to do so4 ,with this1 ,i was satisfied that there was no redress for the wrong that was being done me4 ,i was then marched back to the cell1 where ,i received a letter from ,w4 ,h4 ,kelly1 the ,american consul4 ,it read as follows3 ,,consulate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,tahiti1 ,november #ad1 #ahea4 ,mr4 ,james ,brown3 ,,dear ,,sir3--,having been informed1 through the governor of the protectorate1 that you are a state prisoner in ,papeete1 charged with the crime of rebellion and attempting to subvert the laws of the protectorate established on the island of ,anaa1 ,i am bound to furnish the honorable secretary of state of the ,united ,states with all charges and punishments to which the citizens of the ,united ,states may render themselves amenable1 under the laws of the countries in which they may reside4 ,you will therefore oblige me by furnishing me with an unbiased and clear statement of the facts connected with your arrest and imprisonment4 ,i do not wish to know what has been told to you1 or of what you have heard from others1 but simply the truth of the whole transaction4 ,this letter will be forwarded to his excellency1 ,governor ,bonard1 who will1 through the proper channel1 have it forwarded to you4 ,i remain1 sir1 your obedient servant1 ,w4 ,h4 ,,kelly1 ,united ,states ,consul4 ,elder ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard kindly came down and wrote my reply to ,mr4 ,kelly4 ,this was on ,november #aeth4 ,the same day ,i was called out into the yard1 when a sergeant and two soldiers took me in charge and marched me along a back alley to the rear of the consul's office4 ,then the sergeant stepped forward and notified ,mr4 ,kelly that they had brought their prisoner to him1 and without further ceremony the officers disappeared by the same alley by which they came4 ,mr4 ,kelly welcomed me to his office1 and congratulated me on regaining my liberty4 ,then he told me of his visit to ,governor ,bonard1 the conversation they had had1 and about his signing the bonds for my release4 ,he said1 ,mr4 ,brown1 the ,french authorities are afraid of you4 ,they say that you are a highly educated man1 and that you are capable of doing much mischief in the country4 ,now you have your liberty in and about my office1 but you must not go off alone in any by-place1 for the ,french are a very excitable people1 and they will watch every move that you make1 and would shoot you if they could find you alone in the brush or where they could do it without being detected4 ,now1 ,i have got horses1 and will accompany you to any place you may wish to go1 to visit your friends or to settle up what business you may have to do4 ,but you must not be caught alone1 for the ,french fear that you could raise an army and cause much trouble4 ,as your friends are in town1 you and they had better have a consultation here in my office1 and see what you can do4 ,accordingly1 the ,elders came into the consul's office1 and together with him said the best thing they thought could be done was that ,i should go on board the little schooner ,ravai1 and that they get it ready for sea as quickly as possible1 so as to leave port before any other vessel did1 for if ,i did not go the fifty thousand francs would be forfeited4 ,the schooner was the vessel owned by the ,saints of ,tubuoi1 and commanded by ,captain ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard2 it was bound for a cruise among the ,tuamotu group of islands before going to the island of ,raivavai1 four hundred miles southeast of ,tahiti1 and outside of the protectorate4 ,it was thought that we could make the cruise intended1 and then go on to ,raivavai without any danger of forfeiting the pledge4 ,conformably with this conclusion1 the vessel was got ready1 and on the #agth we sailed from ,papeete4 ,,chapter ,,xxxi4 ,,leaving ,,tahiti ,,under ,,the ,,order ,,op ,,banishment--,,supply ,,of ,,provisions ,,exhausted--,,caught ,,in ,a ,,calm--,,suffering ,,from ,,lack ,,of ,,food--,,reach ,,tubuoi--,,go ,,ashore ,,upon ,,invitation ,,of ,,the ,,queen--,,sail ,,for ,,raivavai--,,meet ,,elder ,,pratt ,,there--,,left ,,alone ,,on ,,the ,,island--,,savage ,,character ,,of ,,the ,,natives--,,the ,,governor ,a ,,friend--,,visit ,,from ,,house ,,to ,,house--,,people ,,generally ,,unwilling ,,to ,,receive ,,the ,,gospel--,,council ,,decides ,,that ,i ,,must ,,leave ,,the ,,island ,,or ,,be ,,killed--,a ,,time ,,of ,,excitement--,,storm ,,passes ,,for ,,awhile--,,baptize ,,twenty ,,persons--,,noted ,,chief ,,and ,,the ,,heiress ,,to ,,the ,,throne ,,join ,,the ,,church--,,more ,,bitterness ,,and ,,excitement--,,two ,,parties ,,of ,,natives ,,meet ,,to ,,engage ,,in ,,battle--,,manage ,,to ,,reconcile ,,them ,,and ,,prevent ,,bloodshed--,,further ,,threats ,,against ,,the ,,mormons--,,some ,,church ,,members ,,feel ,,to ,,retaliate1 ,,but ,,are ,,restrained--,,passengers ,,arrive ,,with ,,false ,,and ,,scandalous ,,stories ,,about ,,the ,,mormons--,,persecution ,,increases--,,the ,,few ,,saints ,,on ,,the ,,island ,,become ,,sorrowful ,,and ,,discouraged--,,protestant ,,ministers ,,advise ,,expulsion ,,of ,,the ,,saints--,,renewal ,,of ,,the ,,faith ,,and ,,zeal ,,of ,,the ,,church ,,members4 ,,as we were leaving the ,tahitian harbor we encountered a strong headwind1 and beat our way against wind and waves until our little schooner became somewhat disabled4 ,provisions began to be scarce1 and everything seemed to be against us4 ,finally we changed our course1 heading for ,tubuoi4 ,when we got within about eighty miles of that island1 our food supply became exhausted2 we had not one mouthful on board1 and were in a dead calm for some time4 ,then a gentle breeze sprang up and wafted us to port1 where we arrived on ,november #bith4 ,before this relief1 however1 we suffered considerably from lack of food4 ,i supposed that ,i had to remain on board the schooner until it was ready to sail for ,raivavai2 but when ,pitamai ,vehene1 the queen1 heard that ,i had been banished she came off in her own canoe and invited me to go ashore with her1 saying1 ,this is my island1 and the ,french have no right here4 ,i will be responsible for all the trouble that may arise4 ,as the brethren and general authorities of the island thought it was safe to do so1 ,i accepted the invitation1 going ashore in the queen's canoe1 and remained on the island till ,december #hth4 ,then ,i boarded the little schooner again1 and we started for ,raivavai1 where we landed on the #ith1 and found ,president ,pratt in good health4 ,on ,december #ajth1 ,elder ,pratt sailed away in the schooner1 leaving me to take his place in presiding over the interests of the ,church on the island4 ,brother ,pratt's friends became my friends1 and gave me food and shelter4 ,there were eight ,church members on the island2 all the rest of the inhabitants1 three hundred and eighty-three in number1 opposed us1 many of them being the most savage and rudest ,i had met--in fact1 they were scarce removed from cannibalism4 ,some of them did not hesitate to tell of their experiences in eating human flesh1 and that they had sacrificed infant children to their idols4 ,they showed the coals before their heathen gods1 where they had roasted their babes4 ,some of them felt proud to relate these things1 saying it was in their heathenish days1 before the ,gospel had come to their land1 but now they thought it very bad1 and they had no disposition to repeat their evil deeds4 ,i was shown to the house of ,governor ,fate1 who received me very kindly4 ,he and his wife had received the ,gospel on ,anaa1 and although he was the legal heir to the throne1 as they called it1 through his joining the ,church he had lost much of his influence4 ,but he was a very good man1 rendering me all the assistance in his power1 while ,i visited from house to house1 trying to make the acquaintance of the people4 ,i went to every home on the island1 endeavoring to inform the people on the ,gospel1 but they were unwilling to give heed1 and treated me with marked indifference1 often passing by and looking as surly as mad bulls4 ,the island was not to exceed fourteen miles in circumference1 its high and very rugged peaks penetrating the clouds1 which nearly always were hanging over and about4 ,the mountains were so steep as to defy all but the wild goats1 of which there were some hundreds among the cragged rocks4 ,it was said that the beginning of the existence of these animals on the island was that a sea captain had turned three or four pairs of them loose some years before1 and they had increased to hundreds4 ,having satisfied my curiosity by traveling over and around the island1 visiting the ancient places of worship and seeing the heathen gods and places of skulls and sacrifice1 ,i again called at every house1 trying to become more friendly and sociable with the people2 but the same stolid feelings still prevailed4 ,i attended their meetings1 told them my business in the land1 and asked the privilege of preaching to them4 ,part were favorable1 and part were not4 ,i baptized a few1 and that caused much excitement4 ,a council was called to adopt some way by which the islanders could get rid of ,mormonism and the ,american plant1 as they called me4 ,some proposed to fasten the plant on a log1 and tow it out to sea1 where the sharks would eat it1 while others suggested burning or making a roast of me4 ,at last the matter was carried so far that it was decided that ,i must leave the island or be killed4 ,i learned that they had just about decided on the latter course1 so ,i hastened to go before the council to try and allay their feelings1 if possible1 and appease their wrath1 but ,i found it utterly impossible to reason with them4 ,my presence1 instead of having a conciliatory effect1 created the wildest confusion4 ,i was confronted by a native called ,tabate1 who was a very stout1 heavy set man1 and who exclaimed1 ,i will slay you6 ,at that moment my friend1 ,governor ,fate1 stepped between us1 and some of the more peaceably disposed took hold of ,tabate1 while my friends insisted that ,i leave the house to save bloodshed1 saying that ,tabate was a very desperate man1 but if ,i left the room they thought the council could restrain him4 ,accordingly ,i withdrew with my friends4 ,the council had a hot time of it for awhile1 but finally the more consistent party prevailed1 so that the matter passed over for the time being4 ,still1 a bad feeling rankled in their bosoms1 and ,i could hear threats that the more rabid party was going to have a fat missionary for a roast4 ,although this bitterness continued with many of the people1 ,i baptized some twenty souls1 and blessed several infants4 ,i also administered to the sick1 and1 as ,i can now remember1 all were healed but one child1 which died of hip disease1 it being a mere skeleton when ,i was called4 ,other councils were held to see what could be done to get rid of the plant ,mormonism1 from ,america1 before it spread over the island and became master4 ,but the friends and relatives of those who belonged to the ,church would oppose any harsh measures1 saying1 ,wait until our missionaries of the ,english church come and we hear what they say4 ,now1 ,elder ,pratt had baptized one man who was seventy-five or eighty years of age4 ,he was one of the first born1 and his feet had never been wet in salt water4 ,his name was ,tauteni 7thousand71 because he had slain so many people in war1 and he could count skulls in his mori or place of skulls1 with the best of them4 ,he was well acquainted with the taste of human flesh2 had been a great high priest of the natives in their heathenish days1 and was supposed to have great influence with the spirits of men4 ,he had a grand-daughter who was said to be the heir to the throne4 ,this girl was brought forward by the old man for baptism4 ,he had reared her1 and her parents being willing1 ,i baptized her4 ,this created great excitement and another council was held1 where feelings ran so high that it was very hard to conciliate our opponents4 ,but the old man told them that it was his and her father's fault1 and not the missionary's1 that she was baptized4 ,the girl1 whose name was ,teraa1 also declared that it was by her wish and not mine that she became a member of the ,church4 ,this cooled them down a little1 but occasionally local difficulties would arise1 and the natives would take sides and arm themselves for war4 ,one time ,i heard the shrieks of the women1 and the warwhoops of and commands given among the men4 ,although1 one day when ,i was stopping at a village called ,tatake1 ,i had heard that there was going to be a battle fought1 such rumors were so frequent that ,i did not pay much attention thereto till ,i heard the warwhoops and shouts4 ,then ,i jumped up1 ran out1 and beheld thirty to forty men coming from the upper village1 ,anatomu4 ,they were armed with muskets1 and were in their war costumes1 dancing and going through the manoeuvres peculiar to the natives just before going into an action4 ,at the same time another party was approaching from the inland village of ,atibona4 ,these1 too1 were ready1 and with their drums1 whistles and shrieks made quite a showing4 ,still there were some among them inclined to conciliation rather than war4 ,with my friends1 ,i went out and plead with the two parties to be reconciled1 and finally we prevailed so that both bodies of men retired without fighting1 and a few of each party met and shook hands1 some of both parties seeming friendly to us for a time4 ,for a short time after this we had comparative quiet1 yet threats came about the ,mormons1 and there was talk of taxing us for the support of the ,protestant church4 ,our brethren claimed rights in the school and meeting houses1 but were refused these2 then they threatened to burst open the houses1 and came to me to get my sanction to do so2 but ,i could not consent to being a party to such a movement1 knowing that would give the enemy the pretext they wanted1 in order to carry out their threats4 ,my party was not pleased with my position1 and threatened to break in the houses anyway1 and assert their rights to occupancy4 ,i told them that if they did ,i would disown them2 that they could not be my brethren if they indulged in anything of the kind1 as it was for us to be on the side of peace and defense1 and not to be aggressors4 ,finally they said they would obey my counsel4 ,then things passed along more smoothly for a time4 ,soon a schooner came from the island of ,ruruta1 with about one hundred passengers on board4 ,they brought the alleged news that all the ,american ,elders had left ,tubuoi1 and were going home4 ,these passengers also seemed to have been well posted in all the old slanders about the ,church1 and with many new ones about the ,elders4 ,these slanders were industriously circulated by the new comers1 who said that the people of ,tubuoi were glad that the ,mormons had left their land4 ,from these stories1 and the persecutions the ,saints had endured on the island1 the few ,church members grew sorrowful and discouraged4 ,when ,i went from ,anatomu to ,tatake1 ,i found two of the native brethren and two sisters very sad1 and as soon as we met they gave vent to their pent-up feelings1 wept bitterly1 and said that ,i had to leave the island1 and they intended to follow me1 no matter where ,i went4 ,i told them not to fear1 and tried to pacify them as best ,i could4 ,at our next appointment for a meeting there were but five out of thirty attended4 ,this seemed strange1 for there always had been a full attendance2 but now everyone was sad and gloomy4 ,the spirit of mobocracy seemed to thrive on the filthy slanders that had come by the ,ruruta schooner4 ,meetings were called and threats made4 ,clouds of darkness lowered and filled the atmosphere2 the spirit of death seemed to hover around1 for the boisterousness of the people had given way to a sullen1 murderous disposition1 more to be dreaded than when there was abundance of noise and threats4 ,at this time two young ,protestant ministers came and made three or four inflammatory speeches1 telling the people that they had admitted a wolf into the fold1 and if they did not get rid of him the ministers would not call again4 ,drive him off1 and pluck up that ,american plant1 or it will overshadow your land1 and control you1 said they4 ,thus the wild and heathenish passion was fanned into a lively flame of renewed persecution4 ,yet1 strange to say1 when the spirit of death seemed to rest most heavily upon us1 the brethren and sisters returned to me with renewed zeal1 and all but two men stood firm thereafter4 ,,chapter ,,xxxii4 ,,people ,,gather ,,at ,a ,,feast1 ,,and ,,to ,,decide ,,what ,,to ,,do ,,with ,,the ,,mormons--,,threats ,,to ,,have ,,roast ,,missionary--,,saints ,,hold ,,prayer ,,and ,,testimony ,,meeting--,,kept ,,awake ,,all ,,night--,,council ,,of ,,natives ,,decides ,,to ,,roast ,,and ,,eat ,,me--,,fire ,,is ,,built--,,men ,,sent ,,to ,,drag ,,me ,,to ,,the ,,council--,,promises ,,of ,,presidents ,,brigham ,,young ,,and ,,willard ,,richards ,,come ,,to ,,my ,,mind--,,all ,,fear ,,is ,,banished--,,saints ,,and ,,their ,,enemies ,,ordered ,,to ,,separate--,,all ,,but ,,two ,,mormons ,,stand ,,by ,,me--,,sublime ,,courage ,,of ,a ,,native ,,and ,,his ,,wife--,,the ,,charge ,,against ,,me--,i ,,appeal ,,to ,,the ,,bible1 ,,but ,,our ,,enemies ,,refuse ,,to ,,be ,,guided ,,by ,,the ,,law ,,of ,,god--,,notified ,,of ,,the ,,decision ,,that ,i ,,am ,,to ,,be ,,burned--,,spirit ,,of ,,the ,,lord ,,rests ,,upon ,,me ,,in ,,great ,,power1 ,,inspiring ,,me ,,to ,,defy ,,our ,,enemies--,,spirit ,,of ,,confusion ,,enters ,,our ,,foes--,,they ,,quarrel ,,and ,,fight ,,with ,,each ,,other--,,difficulty ,,in ,,restraining ,,church ,,members--,,deliverance ,,which ,,the ,,lord ,,wrought ,,out ,,for ,,me--,i ,,am ,,allowed ,,to ,,proceed ,,unmolested--,,meet ,a ,,member ,,of ,,the ,,council ,,which ,,condemned ,,me ,,to ,,death--,,his ,,testimony ,,that ,a ,,pillar ,,of ,,light ,,descended ,,from ,,heaven ,,and ,,rested ,,on ,,me1 ,,filling ,,them ,,with ,,fear--,,no ,,more ,,anti-,,mormon ,,councils--,,natives ,,show ,,no ,,disposition ,,to ,,receive ,,the ,,gospel4 ,,about the #eth of ,may1 #aheb1 the whole people were called to assemble at the village of ,tatake and prepare a feast1 and at the same time to decide definitely what to do with the ,mormon minister and his pipis 7disciples74 ,everything was excitement4 ,the young braves came armed with muskets1 shouting and yelling1 saying they were going to have a fat roast for tomorrow1 while the old councillors1 twenty-five or thirty in number1 came with slow1 quiet steps and grave countenances1 and filed into the schoolhouse just at dark4 ,then the people gathered1 loaded down with roast pig1 and fruit1 fish and poultry4 ,they kindled fires and began shouting1 singing and dancing4 ,soon the young braves were dancing around the house that they were in2 for by this time every member of the ,church had come to one place4 ,the mob seemed to be fully enthused with the spirit of murder1 as they shouted1 ,tomorrow we will have a fat young missionary for a roast6 ,just then they fired a salute1 seemingly under the foundation or sill of the house--a frame building4 ,then they commenced to tear down the post and pole fence that enclosed the premises4 ,this fence1 together with other wood1 was piled up in a heap1 as people in timbered countries stack timber to burn it off their land4 ,then the natives covered the wood with coral rock1 as if they were going to burn a lime kiln4 ,they kept up a continual howl all the night long1 firing their guns1 singing their war songs1 and burning their camp-fires4 ,while this was going on1 we held prayer and testimony meeting1 never sleeping a moment the whole night4 ,many times we could hear the crowd outside boasting what a fine1 fat missionary roast they were going to have enanahe 7tomorrow47 ,daylight came1 and the village was all alive with people1 as in ,america on the ,fourth of ,july1 at a barbecue4 ,soon the feasting began4 ,the council had been all night in deciding what they would do with the ,mormons and their minister4 ,the provisions at the feast were apportioned to each village according to its numbers1 and subdivided among the families1 so that a full allowance was made for the ,mormon pupu 7party74 ,they sent to me the portion of ten men1 saying3 ,here1 this is for you1 ,iatobo 7,james71 eat it and get fat for the roast1 laughing contemptuously as they did so4 ,by this time the whole people were in high glee1 eating1 drinking1 talking1 laughing and jeering1 as if all hands were bent on pleasure only4 ,when the feasting was over1 all became silent1 and it seemed as though everybody had gone to sleep4 ,by #a o'clock p4m4 all were astir again4 ,two great ruffians came into my apartment1 armed with long clubs4 ,they said they had been sent to order me before the council1 and if ,i refused to come they were to drag me there4 ,everybody seemed to be on the qui vive4 ,as quick as thought1 the promises of ,president ,brigham ,young flashed through my mind2 also the promise of ,dr4 ,willard ,richards1 in which he told me1 in the name of the ,lord ,god of ,israel1 that though men should seek my life1 yet ,i should return in safety to the bosom of the ,saints1 having done good and honor to myself and the ,church and ,kingdom of ,god4 ,he also gave me instructions what to do2 this was when starting on my mission4 ,the next thought that came to my mind was3 ,have ,i forfeited those promises8 ,the answer that came quickly from the ,spirit was no2 and this drove away all fear4 ,not a doubt was left in my mind4 ,without hesitation ,i arose and walked out to the beach1 where the people had assembled1 the ,saints following me4 ,we passed by the log heap to the assemblage1 at the head of which stood twelve or fifteen stout1 athletic1 young braves1 with hair cut close4 ,they were stripped naked to their breechclouts1 and were oiled4 ,they stood with folded arms1 and certainly seemed formidable1 although they were without weapons1 for they had a fierce and savage look about them that must be seen to be realized in its effect4 ,as we came near1 the man ,tabate stepped out from the crowd and said1 ,all the ,britons stand to the right hand with the sheep1 and all the ,mormons stand to the left hand where the goats are4 ,everyone responded to the order except two men from the ,mormon party1 who drew off to themselves and were neutral4 ,at that1 one faithful ,mormon man named ,rivae and his wife with an eight months old babe in her arms1 stepped forward1 well knowing what the sentence was to be4 ,this brave brother said1 ,if you burn this man1 pointing to the writer1 you burn me first4 ,his heroic wife stepped forward1 holding her babe at arm's length1 and shouted1 ,i am a ,mormon1 and this baby is a ,mormon1 for 'nits make lice1' and you will have to burn all of us1 or ,mormonism will grow again4 ,i had told the people the story of the massacre at ,haun's ,mill1 ,missouri1 in which some of the mob shot the children who had crept for safety under the bellows in the blacksmith shop1 the murderers saying1 as they butchered the innocents1 ,nits will make lice--,mormons in that instance4 ,rivae and his wife was ordered to stand back1 while as a prisoner ,i was called to take a position in the space between the two parties4 ,as ,i obeyed the command1 ,i was confronted by ,tabate1 the spokesman or judge1 who had been the chief promoter of all the trouble from the beginning4 ,said he3 ,iatobo1 you have caused the people of our land to sin by having them to travel more than a ,sabbath day's journey on the ,sabbath4 ,you have also taught the people that ,god is a material ,god1 and that is not lawful to teach in our land4 ,to this ,i answered1 ,show me where the teaching is wrong from the ,bible4 ,at the same time ,i opened the ,bible4 ,a strong and determined voice told me to shut the book1 and put it up1 for that was the law of ,god1 and the decision of the landholders and authorities was that ,i should be burned to death1 and thus they would rid the land of ,mormonism4 ,pointing to the left and rear of the prisoner1 to the log heap1 which was then at the zenith of its burning1 with haughty demeanor and in an exulting voice1 ,tabate said1 ,look there at that fire4 ,it is made to consume the flesh off of your bones4 ,in that moment the ,spirit of the ,lord rested mightily upon me1 and ,i felt as though ,i could run through a troop and leap over a wall4 ,in the name of ,israel's ,god1 ,i said1 ,i defy ten of your best men1 yea1 the host of you1 for ,i serve that ,god who delivered ,daniel from the den of lions1 and the three ,hebrew children from the fiery furnace6 ,image3 ,fire ,prepared to ,roast the ,missionary--,sentenced to ,death4 ,dear reader1 it is impossible for me to describe the power1 the cool resignation1 the unshaken confidence1 and the might that overshadowed my soul and body1 that thrilled through every fibre of my existence4 ,for there was absolutely not one particle of fear or tremor in my whole being4 ,but ,i did feel thankful for that great and marvelous deliverance1 because in the very moment that ,i defied the host the spirit of division rested upon the judge who had passed the sentence1 his counselors1 and the executioners1 insomuch that the counselors faced the executioners1 and they grappled with each other in a sharp tussle4 ,from that ensued a fight1 until the whole people were mixed up in it4 ,even two of our old tottering ,mormons1 ,tautene and ,hauty1 came in with their clubs1 and were so enraged that they actually champed their teeth together till the froth filled the corners of their mouths1 as ,i have seen it with mad dogs4 ,both of them had been great warriors in their time1 and could boast of having eaten human flesh1 but at this time they were so old and feeble that ,i took each of them by the arms and forced them from the fight into the house1 where ,i had ordered all the ,mormons to go4 ,i told them to stay in the house or ,i would excommunicate them from the ,church4 ,as they seemed to be almost ungovernable1 ,i gave ,fute1 a priest and a stout man1 a club1 and told him to keep them in the house if he had to knock them down to do it1 while ,i went back to the battleground1 picked up my ,bible and hat1 and returned to find my party reconciled to their fate1 and feeling more like rejoicing than fighting4 ,in an effort to free himself from her clinging embrace ,hauty had struck his wife with a club4 ,this was before ,i had got hold of him4 ,she was trying to keep him out of the melee4 ,the woman was very lame for weeks after receiving the blow4 ,during all this time our enemies quarreled and fought with clubs and stones1 pulled hair and screamed4 ,they did not cease fighting till sundown4 ,then1 with many sore heads1 and more sore limbs1 they dispersed1 and ,i doubt very much if the majority of them knew what they had been fighting for4 ,after they left1 a feeling of quiet and safety pervaded the village1 especially in and about our residence1 such as we had not before known on the island1 and for weeks everything was strangely peaceful4 ,people who once seemed surly and defiant1 now had a tame and subdued expression in their countenances1 and appeared to prefer passing by unnoticed rather than otherwise4 ,some two months later1 ,i was traveling alone in the timber1 and at a short turn in the road ,i chanced to meet one of the old counselors who decided that ,i should be burned4 ,we were close together before we saw each other4 ,at sight of me he turned and ran as hard as he could1 and ,i1 without any particular object in view1 gave chase and ran him down4 ,i seized him by the neck1 and asked why he ran from me and why he was afraid of me4 ,said he3 ,your ,god is a ,god of power1 and ,i was afraid to meet ,his servant4 ,i inquired how he knew that my ,god was a ,god of power1 and why they had not burned me when they had decided to do so4 ,he answered3 ,at the moment that you defied us there was a brilliant light1 or pillar of fire1 bore down close over your head4 ,it was as bright as the sun4 ,we remembered reading in the ,bible about ,elijah calling fire down from heaven so that it consumed the captains and their fifties1 and we thought that you had prayed to your ,god of power1 and that ,he had sent that fire to burn us and our people if we harmed you4 ,the young men did not see the light4 ,they were going to burn you1 and we tried to stop them4 ,so we got into a fight4 ,now we all know that you are a true servant of ,god1 and we do not like to meet you1 out of fear4 ,from what ,i was able to learn1 that feeling was shared by the whole community1 and ,i was treated with great respect ever afterwards4 ,i felt freer and safer when alone than ever before4 ,indeed1 there never was another council meeting called to devise a way to get rid of the ,mormons from that island1 while ,i remained there4 ,but for all that1 the islanders did not want to learn the ,gospel4 ,yet ever afterward1 when they feasted ,i was always remembered with a very liberal portion of the very best they had4 ,i do not remember baptizing another soul there after that event4 ,there ,i remained1 and part of the time ,i fished1 also hunted the wild chickens that abounded in the mountains--fowls of the common ,dominique variety1 which had grown wild in the fastnesses of the hills1 and could fly equal to the sagehen or prairie chicken4 ,,chapter ,,xxxiii4 ,,long ,,time ,,without ,,news ,,from ,,home--,,letter ,,from ,,elder ,b4 ,f4 ,,grouard--,,released ,,from ,,my ,,missionary ,,labors ,,in ,,the ,,islands--,,little ,,opportunity ,,to ,,leave ,,raivavai--,,natives ,,build ,a ,,schooner--,,fast ,,and ,,pray ,,to ,,learn ,,whether ,i ,,should ,,sail ,,on ,,the ,,vessel--,,the ,,answer--,,sail ,,for ,,rapia--,,driven ,,back ,,to ,,raivavai--,,make ,a ,,new ,,start--,,arrive ,,at ,,rapia--,,ridiculous ,,idea ,,of ,,the ,,people ,,concerning ,a ,,mormon ,,elder--,i ,,am ,,forbidden ,,to ,,go ,,ashore1 ,,on ,,pain ,,of ,,death--,,feeling ,,is ,,modified ,,somewhat1 ,,and ,i ,,go ,,ashore--,,battle ,,between ,,the ,,natives--,,an ,,old ,,man ,,gives ,,me ,,food--,,attend ,a ,,meeting1 ,,get ,,permission ,,to ,,speak ,a ,,few ,,words ,,and ,,am ,,ordered ,,from ,,the ,,island--,,increase ,,of ,,sentiment ,,of ,,toleration--,,invited ,,to ,,supper ,,at ,,the ,,governor',s--,,strange ,,custom ,,of ,,women ,,waiting ,,on ,,men--,,rather ,,than ,,follow ,,it1 ,i ,,submit ,,to ,,being ,,called ,a ,,heathen4 ,,when ,i had spent seven months alone on the island of ,raivavai1 without any news from the outer world or perhaps it would be more proper to say inner world--for this island and ,rapia are as near out of the world as any portion of it can be--,i began to wonder when ,i could hear some tidings of the brethren on the other islands4 ,i had not had an opportunity to leave ,raivavai in all the time that ,i had been there2 nor did ,i have the slightest idea when it would be possible for me to return to the land of my nativity1 for the natives told me that within their memory there had been seven years at a time when they had not so much as seen a sail1 and it was not infrequent for from one to three years to pass without a vessel calling4 ,therefore it will not be thought strange when ,i say that the time became very monotonous4 ,here is an extract from a letter received just before ,i did leave the island2 it was from ,elder ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard1 counselor to ,president ,pratt in the presidency of the mission1 and bears date of ,papeete1 ,tahiti1 ,april #ah1 #aheb3 ,,dear ,,brother ,,james3--,i embrace the present opportunity of writing you a line1 perhaps for the last time before leaving for ,california1 though ,i hope we may be able to arrange matters so that you will be permitted to come here and make one of our party across4 ,the governor is now absent1 down at ,raiatea1 consequently nothing can be done about your case until he returns4 99 99 99 99 ,wednesday1 #bast4--,mr4 ,kelly has sent for you on his own responsibility4 ,you must be careful and not go on shore on the protectorate islands1 but be sure and come1 or rather1 he has authorized me to send for you4 ,i have the honor to be1 your brother in ,christ1 and fellow laborer in the ,gospel1 ,b4 ,f4 ,,grouard4 ,from this it will be seen that ,i was released from further labors in that mission4 ,i also was without any means in sight to get away from the land that had been so fruitful of troubles to me4 ,it is true that the natives had a schooner of twenty or twenty-five tons burden in course of construction1 but they were so uncertain and tardy in their movements that there was really no dependence to be placed in anything of the kind that they undertook4 ,indeed1 it was doubtful whether they would complete the vessel at all1 though six or eight weeks was ample time in which to finish it4 ,besides1 they were liable to get into a quarrel that would cause delay for many months4 ,again1 so frail was the boat that it did not seem that it ever could be safe to go to sea4 ,nearly every stave and brace was made from the bark of the buru tree1 and twisted by hand4 ,the anchor was a chunk of wood with old scraps of iron spiked on to it1 and for a chain the same kind of material was used as for the stays and braces4 ,the galley was only a square box of two and a half feet1 filled with soil and tied down to the deck with a bark rope2 and as to the helm1 it had to be held by hand1 taking two or three men to manage it1 especially in rough weather4 ,the compass was no better than a tin plate2 in fact1 it could not be of any service whatever--and the sails were almost rotten4 ,but at last the boat was launched1 and leaked so badly that it did not seem possible to make it of service2 but the natives persevered and baled it out1 and it was soaked up until they considered it safe4 ,this boat being built1 it seemed to offer a possible means for me to see white men's land again4 ,there was no one for me to advise with1 the very men who had planned my destruction being the owners and masters of the craft4 ,the voyage they anticipated taking was said by them to be seven hundred miles1 to the island of ,rapia1 and from thence a like distance to ,tahiti1 in all fourteen hundred miles4 ,the food and fresh water supply was also very uncertain4 ,the water had to be carried in large gourds and cocoanuts4 ,nor was this all that had to be considered4 ,in those parts there are dense fogs and rainstorms1 for days together1 so that navigation is very hazardous where there is only the sun1 moon1 and stars to depend upon1 and these obscured4 ,the reader will perceive the gravity of the situation that confronted the writer when he came to decide what to do4 ,as the time drew near for the boat's departure1 ,i retired to a lonely place in the woods1 and there fasted and prayed for three days1 fasting all the time and going to my retreat to pray as often in the three days as ,i thought proper4 ,this was done in order to ascertain from the divine ,source whether or not ,i should take the risk of going on that vessel at that time4 ,the answer came plain and distinct to my understanding1 though not in words to the natural senses1 yet to my entire satisfaction that all would be well if ,i went4 ,from that moment ,i hungered and thirsted1 but had not done so before in all the time that ,i had fasted4 ,accordingly1 on ,september #bb1 #aheb1 ,i engaged passage on the ,raivavai schooner1 bound for ,rapia4 ,on the #bcrd ,i went aboard1 and we sailed out1 but some of the rigging gave way1 and we were bound to return for repairs4 ,on the #bdth we tried again1 passing out of the harbor with a light breeze1 at #e o'clock a4m4 ,there were sixty-two souls on board1 all seasick4 ,on the #bfth and #bgth there was a dead calm4 ,at daylight on the #bhth we found ourselves on the opposite side of the island and very near it1 surrounded by hundreds of great whales4 ,our navigators were so confused that they did not know their own island until they went ashore4 ,again the rigging gave way1 and we had to put into port to repair it and to replenish our food supply4 ,on ,october #dth we sailed once more1 and with a strong and fair wind on the #ith we reached the island of ,rapia1 which has a high and abrupt coast with a good harbor1 but a very narrow passage thereto1 in which we were hailed by a fisherman who inquired about the white man on board4 ,when the crew told him it was a ,mormon ,elder1 he hastened to the shore1 ran to the village and told the people that a ,mormon ,elder was on the schooner4 ,the people had never seen a ,mormon1 but had heard the most ridiculous stories about us4 ,they became excited1 and frightened as well1 for they had heard that ,mormons had cloven feet and shells on their backs1 and were some kind of mongrel between man and beast4 ,they also had been told that the ,mormons were so lustful that it was very difficult for the females to escape from them4 ,this being the only information the people had about the ,latter-day ,saints1 it was no wonder that the men armed themselves with muskets and fish spears1 and came to the landing or lay in ambush1 the females keeping at a respectful distance1 while the more brave and fearless ventured to come on board1 inspect the animal1 and forbid him to set his foot on shore on pain of death4 ,strange as this statement of affairs may appear1 it is nevertheless true4 ,at length a number of the people came on board and spied around as if to discover the peculiar features of a ,mormon ,elder1 and they1 with my friends1 thought that possibly it was safe for me to go ashore2 accordingly ,i went in the first canoe4 ,as we neared the landing1 six or seven men1 some with muskets and some with fishing spears1 rose up out of the brush and tall grass1 and peeked and pried1 as they afterwards said1 to discern the cloven foot4 ,as they could not discover the deformities which they had expected to find1 they said1 ,why1 he looks like any other white man or minister2 we do not want to kill him4 ,there were others who1 however1 acted very surly1 and would not speak nor shake hands1 but told my friends that ,i must leave their island or ,i would be killed4 ,finally we were permitted to go up to the village1 where the people all ran together to see the stranger4 ,none dared invite him into their houses1 so he took his seat out on a log1 while they feasted4 ,his friends joined with the feasting parties1 thinking it would be better for him if they were sociable with the people and acquainted them with the supposed monster's customs and habits1 as also with what he had been teaching the people4 ,two weeks before we landed1 the inhabitants of this village had had a battle with the people of another village across the island1 and some of both parties had been killed1 while others were yet suffering from their wounds4 ,this1 ,i suppose1 had something to do with the spirit of murder and bloodshed that hung so thickly around the place4 ,when the people finished feasting1 one old man brought me some food on a banana leaf1 and then slipped away as if he did not wish anybody to see him4 ,to me it seemed a case of root hog1 or die1 or at least it was to eat or starve1 so the kind offer was thankfully received4 ,i found the admonition of ,paul1 wherein he said1 eat what is set before you1 and ask no questions1 for conscience1 sake appropriate in this case4 ,the bell was soon rung for meeting1 and the people quickly came together4 ,i met with them1 and at the conclusion of their services asked the privilege of acquainting them with my business in their country2 for myself and native friends were the first ,mormons who had ever been there1 and to save the necessity of anyone else coming ,i felt it my bounden duty to offer them the ,gospel1 as it has to be preached in every land and to every people4 ,i succeeded in saying a few words1 and received for my pains an order from the presiding priest to go out of the house and leave the island4 ,although many of the people seemed to sanction the course of the priest1 there were a few who did not seem to favor it2 but to save trouble ,i left the house4 ,the people then began to discuss the order and to question its justice1 as we had been mild and made no display of obstinacy4 ,at last they concluded that the ,mormon was not quite so bad as he had been represented1 and that he might come into the governor's and have supper at a table which the ,protestant ministers had furnished for their own accommodation1 and where they had left some dishes and a chair2 so ,i was comfortably seated at the table and the food brought on4 ,quite a handsome young girl of about sixteen stood by the table1 and as soon as a blessing was asked1 she1 with her fingers1 tore the roasted chicken to pieces1 stripped the flesh from off the bones1 and held this to my mouth1 saying1 ,there6 ,i drew back a little1 as that was so strange a custom that ,i did not appreciate it4 ,the girl was quite dark complexioned1 and some one observed1 ,she is so dark that he thinks she is dirty4 ,let her get some soap and wash before him1 and then see if he will eat4 ,as the people seemed so strange in their actions1 ,i thought there was some trick to be played1 so ,i waited until she had washed her hands and1 in obedience to orders1 stepped up1 saying that her hands were clean1 ,look1 that is my color1 and not dirt4 ,still ,i felt dubious about taking the bait4 ,then she was told to step back1 and another young lady was called for4 ,this one was quite fair1 with rather light brown or auburn hair4 ,they said ,now he will eat1 for he will think she is white1 but ,i still refused the courtesy4 ,then some one who was standing by said1 ,let him feed himself1 like a heathen4 ,at this the master of ceremonies said1 ,why do you not eat8 ,i tried to explain to them that it seemed to me to be wrong to require so much of the females--that they should prepare the food and then stand or sit by and put it into a man's mouth4 ,well1 said he1 she was the first to sin1 and she ought to wait on the man4 ,at this an old man who lay flat on his stomach with the ,bible before him1 opened the book to where ,paul said that when he was in ,rome he did as the ,romans did4 ,the old man had his hair bushed1 and1 apparently1 the very brand of heathenism in his face4 ,i would have thought as much of looking on a brush heap or in a muskrat house for intelligence as to have anticipated anything smart from him4 ,he said1 ,my friend1 do you believe in the ,bible8 ,i said1 ,yes1 and it is good to do as it says4 ,then1 said he1 you are a liar2 for ,paul said that when he was in ,rome he did as the ,romans did1 and now you are in ,rapia you will not do as the ,rapians do2 for it is our way for the women to put the food into our mouths4 ,that is the way we do in this land4 ,sure enough1 ,i learned that this was true2 for when the meal is ready it is brought into the room in baskets1 and the male portion of the household get down on their hands and knees1 while the females pick the bones from the fish1 pork or poultry1 as the case may be1 and with their fingers put the flesh into their masters' mouths4 ,to conclude with1 the woman dips her hand into a dish of water1 and wipes his mouth4 ,then he moves away1 and the wife and daughter take the scraps1 or what may be left4 ,it is considered as great a shame on that island for a man to put food into his mouth as it is in ,china for a ,mongolian to have his queue cut off4 ,but to me it seemed so ridiculous that my stay there was too short to make it seem even human4 ,i did not adopt the custom1 preferring to be called a heathen by those who did practice it4 ,,chapter ,,xxxiv4 ,,determine ,,to ,,preach ,,to ,,the ,,people--,,refused ,a ,,house--,,hold ,,an ,,open-,,air ,,meeting--,,strange ,,congregation--,,six ,,other ,,meetings--,,visit ,a ,,native ,,king--,,he ,,commands ,,me ,,to ,,leave--,i ,,do ,,so ,,in ,,order ,,to ,,avoid ,,being ,,put ,,to ,,death--,,watermelons ,,and ,,other ,,vegetables--,,native ,,tradition ,,of ,,the ,,peopling ,,of ,,the ,,islands--,,visit ,,of ,a ,,protestant ,,minister--,,sail ,,for ,,tahiti--,,in ,a ,,heavy ,,storm--,,prayers ,,by ,,frightened ,,natives--,i ,,am ,,asked ,,to ,,pray ,,with ,,them1 ,,but ,,decline ,,to ,,follow ,,their ,,methods--,,reach ,,the ,,harbor ,,of ,,papeete--,,american ,,consul ,,obtains ,,permission ,,for ,,me ,,to ,,land--,,go ,,to ,,work ,,with ,a ,,carpenter--,,warned ,,not ,,to ,,be ,,alone ,,lest ,i ,,should ,,be ,,killed--,,watched ,,by ,,gen ,d' ,,armes--,,trouble ,,at ,,anaa1 ,,and ,,arrest ,,of ,,native ,,mormons--,,these ,,are ,,brought ,,to ,,papeete--,,how ,,they ,,got ,,letters ,,to ,,me1 ,,and ,,their ,,replies--,,my ,,former ,,persecutors ,,of ,,raivavai ,,come ,,to ,,me ,,for ,,advice1 ,,and ,i ,,return ,,good ,,for ,,evil4 ,,as ,i felt the great need of reform among the people of ,rapia1 ,i tried again to get the privilege of preaching to them in their house1 but found them unyielding on that point4 ,there were three native brethren and their wives who had come with me4 ,i was impressed that we ought to make yet another trial to leave our testimony with the islanders1 so we went out by the side of their meeting house1 which was a frame building set up on blocks some eighteen inches or two feet from the ground1 the dirt floor being thatched with dry grass4 ,we stood within ten feet of the house and commenced to sing4 ,before we were ready to read our text1 it seemed that everybody in the village had come around1 but not in the ordinary way4 ,they crowded into the meeting house and some filled the windows1 while others lay down and poked their heads out under the sills of the house2 still others got down on their hands and knees some five or six rods off and crawled along through the shrubbery1 taking hold of the brush as they drew near1 lying flat down and drawing themselves along1 taking sticks and poking the weeds aside so they could get a better view4 ,with this most singular congregation before us1 and the most perfect order 7for it seemed as if there was not a whisper17 we read a chapter in the ,bible--the third of ,matthew1 ,i believe--then preached on faith1 repentance1 and baptism for the remission of sins4 ,at the dismissal of our services the whole assembly withdrew1 and after that ,i had lots of food1 such as it was4 ,we held seven meetings on that little fragment of terra firma1 and visited the king in the west village4 ,we found the royal personage at home1 sitting ,indian fashion on his couch1 half naked4 ,he appeared to be a man of unusually strong character1 very surly1 and did not want to talk4 ,when ,i attempted to tell him the object of my mission to his country1 his neck swelled out1 and he began blowing through his nostrils like a mad bull4 ,he said1 ,you leave my country4 ,by this time my native friends discovered that danger was gathering around us1 and told me that we must not delay one moment1 but must get away as quickly as possible1 for that village had suffered defeat at the hands of the people of the other village1 and we could not be friendly with the king and his followers if we were to the others4 ,we got away1 and afterwards it developed that my friends had foreseen a peril that ,i had not fully understood1 for when the king said we had better get away from his country1 that was his ultimatum1 and if we had remained longer every one of us would have been slain1 as the people were preparing for the slaughter4 ,on our retreat ,i observed a castor oil bean tree loaded with beans4 ,its trunk was as large as a man's body4 ,i began to inspect it when my friends called out1 ,hurry up1 or we will every one be killed1 so we hastened to more friendly and hospitable parts1 where we came across a large gourd1 or calabash vine1 and a watermelon patch4 ,never having seen anything of the kind on any other island where ,i had been1 my inquisitive propensities were set to work ascertaining how those things came there4 ,were they a spontaneous growth8 ,if not1 where did they come from1 since this little island is so remote from all others1 and the natives tell me that white men seldom visit them8 ,i inquired of the people where they got the seed of the vegetables named4 ,why1 said they1 our forefathers brought them here4 ,where did they come from8 ,the reply was1 ,from the rising of the sun4 ,on hearing this1 ,i asked from what country1 and was answered1 ,we do not know4 ,it was a big land1 so big they did not know its boundary4 ,it was a land of food1 and of great forests of big trees1 and great fresh waters that were filled with fish4 ,i next inquired1 ,how came they to leave such a good land8 ,the response was in these words3 ,we do not know1 only they said they got lost in the fog1 and were several days without seeing the sun4 ,then the strong winds came and blew them over here1 and their vessel was wrecked on this island4 ,they never could get back to the lands of their forefathers1 so they stayed here4 ,they increased so fast that all could not live on this land1 so they made canoes and tried to get back1 but the winds were against them1 that they were carried away to the west1 and for a long time those left here supposed the others were lost in the sea2 but after a time it was learned that there were other lands where the sun goes down4 ,then our people made canoes and went to them1 and we think that is the way these islands became peopled1 for they are the same kind of people as ourselves4 ,have you any other knowledge of your forefathers8 ,no1 we do not know anything but that which the fathers have said4 ,they used to say that if they could get back to their fatherland they could find metal to make fish spears and hooks with4 ,when the first white men's ship came in sight we tried to go to it1 thinking we could get some fishing tackle therefrom4 ,we thought that vessel must have come from our fathers' land4 ,but the wind was so strong we could not get to the ship1 and it was a long time before another one came4 ,finally we reached one1 and got such things as our fathers had told us about4 ,read the ,book of ,mormon1 page #dbg1 #fc;d chapter1 #eth to #ith verses4 ,was the ship that ,hagoth built the same that was wrecked on the island of ,rapia1 ,south ,pacific ,ocean1 about #be deg4 south latitude1 and1 as near as ,i can find out from ,french charts1 time reckoned from ,paris1 ,france1 in longitude #adj west8 ,the reader may form his own conclusions1 as ,i return to my narrative of our stay on the island4 ,when we had returned from our visit to the surly king1 one man by the name of ,mesearee opened his house for us to hold meeting in1 but very few attended with us4 ,october #agth1 the bark ,john ,williams called with one ,mr4 ,platt1 a ,protestant minister1 on board4 ,this clergyman was a man of fine address4 ,he came ashore and preached1 then sprinkled all the infant children of the village4 ,though very pleasant1 he refused to talk with me in the ,tahitian language1 saying that if we did so on the ,scriptures it would cause a split among the people4 ,i insisted that he show the natives the scripture for his mode of baptism1 but he declined to do that1 and boarded his vessel and sailed away4 ,october #bg1 #aheb1 we sailed for ,tahiti4 ,on the #bith we encountered a very heavy storm1 so severe that we lost all of our sails1 and had to lash two of our strong men on deck with slack rope so that they might fasten down the hatch and companion ways4 ,the rest of us had to go below1 for the sea was lashed into a foamy mass as white as snow4 ,it did not seem possible for us to survive the terrible ordeal4 ,as in almost all similar cases1 the wicked will pray--that is in times of great danger1 if at no other time--so the natives who went below1 some fifty-nine in number1 divided themselves into three praying parties4 ,one of these occupied the bow1 one stationed itself amidships1 and one was in the stern of the vessel4 ,then a man in one party would pray at the top of his voice1 and so on with each party in turn4 ,thus they prayed1 passing the word back and forth1 as long as the sea raged in its fury4 ,in all of our travels together1 those in charge of the vessel had never honored me with a request to attend prayers1 or once called me to ask a blessing1 but now1 in our great peril1 one of the old priests found his way in the dense darkness to my berth1 and said3 ,iatobo1 you pray to your ,god of power1 to spare us1 that we may not die in this great sea4 ,i told him no1 for ,i had done my praying on land1 before ,i had boarded the schooner1 and now ,i had all that ,i could do to hold myself in the berth1 that ,i might not be thrown out and killed4 ,he returned with a grunt1 and commanded the rest to pray4 ,these conditions continued for six or seven hours1 when the wind abated1 and the little schooner pitched and rolled as if she would go to the bottom4 ,november #a1 #aheb1 we sighted a reef called ,hereheretue4 ,on the #ith we came in view of ,metia1 and on the #ajth we went into the harbor of ,papeete1 ,tahiti4 ,it was on the #aath when1 through the intervention of ,mr4 ,kelly1 ,american consul1 ,i got permission to land4 ,the same gentleman gave me an introduction to one ,charles ,hill1 a carpenter1 who was rather a backslider from the ,mormon ,church4 ,still1 he was very friendly1 and said that if ,i would assist him in carpenter work he would board and lodge me until ,i could get a passage home4 ,mr4 ,kelly counseled me not to be alone anywhere1 as a watch would be kept over me every minute ,i was on the island4 ,he said he would not be responsible if ,i preached or traveled out of the town1 as ,i was liable to be shot the moment that ,i was found alone4 ,said he1 ,the ,french are more bitter towards you than ever4 ,they seem to think you would turn everything upside down if you were allowed to run at large4 ,i have never seen them so excited over anything as they are about you4 ,they are actually afraid of you1 for fear that if you were permitted to go among the people again they would revolt at once1 and there would be another war4 ,he also said that he would arrange matters so that ,i could go with ,mr4 ,hill to and from his work1 and if we kept close together1 he thought it all safe1 as ,mr4 ,hill was well known2 but that ,i had better stop in his office till he could see the governor1 and ,i could go out to ,mr4 ,hill's in the evening with him1 as he lived in the suburbs of the town4 ,mr4 ,kelly also told me there had been more trouble at ,anaa1 and a number of our people from there were in prison on ,tahiti2 and further1 that ,i was held responsible for all the trouble on that island4 ,it having been arranged for me to stop with ,mr4 ,hill1 he called for me in the evening1 and next morning ,i went to work with him at his business4 ,in the meantime the news of my arrival on ,tahiti spread very fast1 and the sons of the prisoners from ,anaa1 who had followed their parents in disguise1 and could visit the prisoners one at a time1 put pencil and paper into their hands on the sly1 so that they could write to me4 ,five or six of the young men dressed themselves as the regular toughs of the town1 and met ,mr4 ,hill and me1 one of them bearing a note in his hand4 ,when they got near us they began to dance and sing in a very rude manner1 acting as if they would not give any of the road to us4 ,then they pushed the one with the note against me1 and as he passed it into my hand the rest circled clear around so as to obscure me from two gen d' armes who followed us day and night4 ,then the young men would shout and laugh as if they had done it to annoy me in particular4 ,thus ,i received letters from the natives4 ,the young men would meet us again1 and ,i would pass to them the answers1 while they would appear to the looker-on to be running against me purposely1 to insult and annoy me4 ,sometimes ,i would try to show my displeasure by scolding at them4 ,in this way a regular correspondence was carried on between the unfortunate prisoners and myself1 during my stay4 ,in that manner ,i learned that there were twenty-three of them in prison1 there being ten ,elders1 five ,priests1 four ,teachers and four ,deacons4 ,on the #abth there were eight more prisoners brought from the island of ,anaa1 six brethren and two sisters4 ,all of the thirty-one were put to work on the steep side of a mountain1 to make a road up to a fort4 ,the hillside was so steep that some of them fell and were hurt quite seriously4 ,sometimes the prisoners were beaten by the guards that attended them4 ,their provisions were very poor1 and they had not even enough of that4 ,i will again mention my former persecutors of the island of ,raivavai1 with whom ,i traveled to ,tahiti1 for they came to me in great trouble1 and said their schooner had been so badly damaged in the storm we had been in that the ,french had condemned it1 and would not allow them to go to sea again4 ,they were four hundred miles from home1 without money1 provisions or friends4 ,they very humbly asked my advice1 which ,i gave freely1 telling them to state their case to the ,french authorities1 and these would be bound to find a way to have them returned home and give them support until they did so4 ,this pleased them very much2 they seemed to appreciate the counsel of one whom they had sat in judgment and helped to pass sentence upon1 ordering him to be burned4 ,doubtless some of them had aided in gathering the fuel to make the fire for the burning4 ,i condoled with them as much as the conditions would admit of2 and when ,i came to part with them they seemed to feel1 and in fact said1 that ,i had been a true friend to them4 ,they wept as though they were my near relatives4 ,thus returning good for evil brought blessings4 ,,chapter ,,xxxv4 ,,watched ,,closely ,,by ,,gen ,d' ,,armes--,,experience ,,when ,,at ,,prayer--,,take ,,dinner ,,with ,,rev4 ,,mr4 ,,howe--,,dining ,,with ,a ,,catholic ,,bishop--,,impatience ,,of ,,the ,,governor--,,leave ,,tahiti ,,on ,,the ,,abyssinia--,,curiosity ,,of ,,passengers ,,and ,,sailors--,,difficulty ,,in ,,getting ,,out ,,of ,,the ,,harbor--,,hear ,,of ,,more ,,trouble ,,at ,,anaa--,,captain',s ,,comment ,,on ,,mormon ,,books--,a ,,waterspout--,,crossing ,,the ,,equator--,,encounter ,a ,,terrible ,,storm--,a ,,tidal ,,wave--,,ship ,,springs ,a ,,leak--,,panic ,,on ,,board--,,all ,,bands ,,to ,,the ,,pumps--,,stopping ,a ,,leak--,,fair ,,weather ,,again4 ,,so far as my own conduct was concerned1 now that ,i was again on the island of ,tahiti1 ,i continued with ,mr4 ,hill4 ,two gen d' armes followed us or hung around where we were at work all day1 and at night tramped about the house where we lived4 ,at daylight the night guards disappeared in the brush4 ,one morning ,i stepped three or four rods into the brush1 for my morning devotions1 and as ,i was engaged with my eyes closed ,i heard a rustling in the leaves4 ,supposing it was the hogs that ran around there1 ,i paid no attention until ,i was through1 when ,i saw two officers standing within fifteen feet of and in front of me1 gazing straight into my face4 ,they were heavily armed1 but did not interfere with me1 so ,i returned to the house1 while they mounted the fence and sat there till we went to work1 when they followed us up as usual4 ,during this time ,i met with ,mr4 ,howe1 the presiding official of the ,protestant mission on the islands4 ,he appeared to feel very sympathetic toward me1 and invited me to take dinner with him and his good old lady4 ,i accepted the invitation1 and he made me a present of a ,tahitian ,bible1 also of a ,tahitian and ,english dictionary4 ,he is the same ,mr4 ,howe spoken of before1 when he was so radically opposed to me1 but now he seemed charitable and kind4 ,after ,i left his house1 and was passing along in sight of the ,catholic bishop's office1 the bishop sent a servant after me1 inviting me in to dine and wine4 ,accordingly1 ,i called1 finding him a very polite gentleman4 ,he met me at the door of his library1 took me by the hand and courteously led me to a seat1 then set out some wine1 saying he was very sorry that he had but one glass of wine in the room1 though he set out two glasses1 but poured all the wine into one1 which he presented to me4 ,at that moment the saying of the ,lord ,jesus came to my mind1 to be harmless as doves but wise as serpents4 ,i adopted as much ,french politeness as ,i was capable of1 divided the wine into the two glasses1 presented him the one with the most wine in1 telling him that ,i could not think of drinking alone--that he must join me or ,i should decline his very kind offer4 ,i thought that if he could stand to drink the largest half of the wine1 ,i could afford to try the least half1 and as ,i preferred him to drink his first1 ,i delayed until he had swallowed it1 when ,i drank to his health4 ,we had a sociable chat1 and he insisted on my stopping to supper1 when he would have plenty of wine4 ,i told him ,i could not1 as my attendants1 the gen d' armes1 were waiting patiently for me4 ,he next presented me two books1 telling me that they would show how the priesthood had descended from ,peter down to the present pope4 ,the books being in the ,french language1 were of no use to me1 so ,i bade him good-bye4 ,i learned from ,mr4 ,kelly that the governor was impatient at my stay on the island1 so ,i disposed of everything that ,i could spare1 raised sixty dollars thereby1 and prepared to sail on the ,english ship ,abyssinia1 from ,sydney1 ,australia1 and commanded by ,captain ,george ,gordon4 ,november #bd1 #aheb1 ,i boarded the ,abyssinia1 paying sixty dollars steerage passage to ,san ,francisco1 ,california4 ,when ,i got on the deck1 the seamen and some of the passengers crowded around me1 and stared at me as if ,i had been a wild beast4 ,when ,i saluted them with1 ,gentlemen1 how are you8 they looked at each other as much as to say1 ,shall we return the compliment8 ,at last one of the sailors took off his hat1 made a bow1 and said1 ,please sir1 can you speak ,english8 ,i answered1 ,yes1 sir1 a little4 ,the next question was1 ,and are you a ,mormon ,elder8 ,my reply was1 ,yes1 and was followed with1 ,well1 pardon me1 but ,i thought a ,mormon ,elder had a cloven foot and a shell on his back1 and ,i expected that you would be brought aboard in a case1 as ,i have been told that the ,mormons were a kind of half beast1 fierce1 and wild4 ,some of the others said that they had had the same ideas4 ,a third party exclaimed1 ,what d--d lies they have told us6 ,we have been anxious to see this ,elder ever since we heard there was one coming on board1 and we thought to see you brought in a big cage4 ,we cannot see any difference in you and common men4 ,so much for wild and slanderous stories afloat in those days and in that part of the world4 ,shortly the vessel was got under way1 but just as we entered the passage the wind slackened so that we came very near being crushed against the reef4 ,five boats from a ,french warship came to our aid1 as we had cast anchor to save ourselves1 and the ,frenchmen towed us back to a safe location1 where we lay until the #bfth4 ,we tried it again on the #bgth1 and as we passed out of the harbor we went close to the ,french warship1 which was weighing anchor4 ,on the deck stood the ,catholic bishop1 who held up his cross and made signs4 ,he said there was trouble in ,anaa again1 and he was going there4 ,after we sailed1 the captain of the ,abyssinia asked me to lend him some books on ,mormonism4 ,i let him take the ,book of ,mormon and the ,doctrine and ,covenants4 ,he returned them on the #bith1 saying1 ,i believe the books and your prayers have made me sick4 ,he did not trouble me any more about ,mormonism1 yet treated me with proper respect1 as a rule4 ,there were several male and female passengers on board1 a portion of the latter being of the lewd class1 judging from their actions2 and the former were not much better4 ,i loaned all the books that ,i had to passengers and seamen4 ,nearly all on board treated me in a courteous manner4 ,on ,november #cjth a waterspout passed close to our ship1 causing much excitement4 ,its roar was frightful1 as it carried a very great column of water up into the air1 and spread it out into the clouds like a whirlwind on land1 but on so much larger scale as to be a dread to seamen4 ,december #ast we sighted what the captain called ,flint's ,island4 ,it was large and high1 and appeared to be inhabited4 ,on the #ajth we crossed the equator1 where the seamen had some sport at the expense of several of the passengers who had not crossed it before4 ,they made preparations for ,neptune1 and told many stories of his pranks with those who dared cross his path without paying penance1 or treating the ship's crew4 ,on the #bjth we encountered a terrific storm1 which carried away most of our sail1 and left us badly damaged4 ,on ,christmas day we had something like a tidal wave in a calm sea4 ,the wave was so great that it swept away the main topgallant sail and the jib boom4 ,two seamen were carried below for dead4 ,the ship sprung a leak in the bow1 and the peril became so great that all the seamen and the male passengers were called to lend a hand4 ,it being in the night1 the consternation was so intense that passengers were on the deck in their night clothes1 screaming4 ,some shouted to pray1 and others did pray with all the fervor at their command1 especially when the carpenter1 reporting that the vessel was parting in her beams1 called for men to turn the windlass1 and for kettles of hot tar1 blankets1 caulking1 chisels1 and anything to make repairs4 ,as the wind began to freshen1 the boat headed before it1 without any regard to course4 ,the next order was1 ,down with the hatches6 ,aye1 aye1 sir4 ,then sound her4 ,aye1 sir4 ,how is she8 ,gaining water1 sir4 ,it was hurry to the pumps1 and the carpenter was asked1 ,how is she8 ,all right1 sir4 ,heave away at the windlass6 ,keep the pumps going6 ,the carpenter had been pinning timber across the breach1 and with windlass power preventing if possible the seam from spreading any more until he could make it safe4 ,blankets were dipped in hot tar and driven into the parting4 ,with these efforts and by keeping the pumps going steadily for eight hours1 the boat was partly freed from the rolling sea1 and at length was patched up and put on her course4 ,the captain then said that his greatest fear had been that1 as his cargo was coal1 the friction of the fuel and the water coming in below would cause the cargo to take fire4 ,when we got righted and on our course1 we had light winds1 and cold and wet weather until the voyage was ended4 ,,chapter ,,xxxvi4 ,,arrive ,,at ,,san ,,francisco--,a ,,wrecked ,,ship--,,the ,,abyssinia ,,condemned--,,gathering ,,wreckage--,,drunken ,,sailors--,,my ,,trunk ,,held ,,for ,,hospital ,,fees--,,go ,,ashore1 ,,where ,,all ,,is ,,changed ,,and ,,strange--,,my ,,dilapidated ,,appearance--,,seek ,,guidance ,,of ,,the ,,lord--,,wander ,,almost ,,in ,,despair--,,meet ,,an ,,old ,,friend--,,find ,a ,,home--,,my ,,trunk ,,released--,,meet ,,elders ,,going ,,on ,,missions--,,well ,,treated ,,by ,,saints ,,and ,,strangers--,,providences ,,of ,,the ,,lord--,,outward-,,bound ,,elders ,,entrust ,,money ,,to ,,me ,,for ,,their ,,families--,,engage ,,to ,,carry ,,mail ,,to ,,los ,,angeles--,,on ,a ,,steamer ,,for ,,san ,,pedro--,,taken ,,severely ,,ill4 ,,on ,january #hth1 #ahec1 we passed into the bay of ,san ,francisco1 where we came close to a big ,new ,york clipper ship1 fast on a rock in the passage4 ,while we were looking at the vessel1 the tide came in and lifted it up2 then it dropped back and was smashed as if it were only a matchbox4 ,luckily1 the ship had been there long enough to be surrounded by boats sufficient to save the passengers1 and perhaps their baggage4 ,we soon dropped anchor from our dismantled bark1 which1 as ,i afterwards learned1 was condemned as being unseaworthy1 and never was allowed to go to sea again4 ,the seamen on our vessel went to picking up the wreckage from the clipper ship4 ,they chanced to catch a barrel of whisky1 when the captain ordered it to be carried below4 ,that made the sailors desperate4 ,they seized an ax1 crushed the barrel head in1 and each seaman dipped with his cup4 ,within fifteen minutes they were wild with drunkenness4 ,they armed themselves with axes1 hand-spikes1 belaying pins1 marlinspikes1 and any and everything they could lay hold of4 ,then the officers1 and some of the passengers who had incurred their displeasure1 were made to hunt hiding places below in doublequick time4 ,that condition did not last long1 however1 before a compromise was effected1 the captain took his position again1 and the men went to landing passengers and baggage4 ,i got my trunk ready to depart1 when the captain demanded five dollars of me1 for hospital fees1 he said4 ,as ,i had not so much as one dollar1 ,i had to leave my trunk and go ashore1 very sick and cold4 ,when ,i reached the streets ,i found things so changed from when ,i was there before that ,i felt lost in the throng of people4 ,it seemed to me that everyone was seeking his own gain1 regardless of his fellow-men4 ,it was push1 ram1 jam1 on all sides4 ,i had worn my clothes pretty well out1 my hat had been so crushed that my hair was showing in the crown1 and my shoe soles were worn very nearly off4 ,in this condition ,i asked the ,lord1 in silent prayer1 to show me what ,i should do4 ,the ,spirit said1 ,go up the street4 ,i was then on ,california ,street4 ,i obeyed the whisperings1 until ,i got near the top of the street4 ,without any consolation the thought came1 ,what shall ,i do8 ,the still1 small ,voice said1 ,go up the street1 and ,i obeyed again4 ,at last1 almost despairing of everything1 wholly sick and tired1 suffering from lack of some refreshment1 and feeling that there was no relief for me1 ,i saw a man start across the street above me1 and from the same side4 ,when he neared the center of the street1 he stopped and seemed to be looking at me4 ,as ,i advanced1 he turned around1 and walked back two or three steps4 ,by this time ,i started across toward him1 and he came to meet me4 ,it was ,redick ,n4 ,allred1 of the ,mormon ,battalion4 ,we did not recognize each other until we went to shake hands4 ,he said1 ,how are you8 ,i answered1 ,tired1 sick1 and hungry4 ,well1 said he1 come back across the street with me1 to a lunch stand1 and we will have something to eat4 ,soon the inner man was comforted1 when ,brother ,allred told me there were thirty-six ,elders in ,san ,francisco1 bound to foreign lands on missions4 ,he led me to some of my old friends1 and ,i found ,john ,layton1 whom ,i had been acquainted with on the ,society ,islands4 ,he told me that if ,i would ,i could come and stop with him1 and chop the wood and do the marketing2 for his wife1 being an islander1 could not talk ,english well4 ,i accepted the kind offer1 and thus was provided with a home4 ,i also met with ,major ,jefferson ,hunt4 ,we saw a ,captain ,king1 took supper with him1 and told him that the captain of the vessel ,i had come on had retained my trunk because ,i had not five dollars to pay the hospital fees4 ,brother ,badlam gave me the money to get my trunk1 and ,captain ,king gave me a note to a custom officer4 ,i obtained my trunk after ,i had paid the captain of the ,abyssinia the money1 and ,i followed him up to the custom house1 to the officer there1 to whom ,i showed ,captain ,king's note4 ,the officer gave the sea captain a look1 then said something to him1 and without a word more he returned me the money4 ,i next visited the ,elders1 and attended meetings with them4 ,they had arrived several days before me1 and had sold their teams in the southern part of ,california4 ,they had also taken up some collections among the ,saints4 ,brother ,john ,m4 ,horner having been very liberal to them1 a number of them rendered me assistance4 ,one day1 as ,i was passing ,widow ,ivins'1 she called to me1 and ran out to meet me1 saying1 ,here is ten dollars that a lady gave me to hand to you1 and here is thirty dollars more that she wishes you to convey to that body of ,elders that is in town1 to help them on their missions4 ,i asked the name of the lady1 and the reply was1 ,i am not at liberty to disclose her name4 ,she said the lady was not a ,mormon1 but had attended our meetings1 and had stated that she was unworthy to be personally known to us2 so ,i never learned who she was4 ,at one time1 when ,i was walking along the street alone1 ,i was met by a stranger1 who offered to shake hands with me4 ,as we grasped hands1 he pushed a five-dollar gold piece into mine4 ,i said1 ,what does this mean8 ,he replied1 ,none of your d--d business4 ,take it1 and bless yourself with it4 ,i have money due me1 and if ,i am successful in collecting it1 ,i will see you again4 ,at that he dashed away in the busy throng1 and ,i never saw him more1 that ,i am aware of4 ,on a still further occasion1 ,i was met by an entire stranger1 who put a dollar in my hand and said1 ,come1 let us have some good cider and cake4 ,i begged to be excused1 but he would not listen to it2 ,i had to go with him anyhow4 ,we stepped to a lunch stand1 where he said1 ,let this man have what he calls for2 ,i want to catch that man1 and away he went4 ,the proprietor asked what ,i would have1 and ,i told him ,i would await the return of my friend4 ,he said1 ,never mind him1 he is all right2 he may not be back again till tomorrow morning4 ,then he insisted on my order1 so ,i took some crackers and cider2 but ,i never saw my friend again4 ,thus it seemed to me that great and wondrous were the mysterious providences of the ,lord1 for ,i had landed in ,san ,francisco on the #hth of ,january1 #ahec1 and by the #bfth ,i had seventy-five dollars handed to me1 much of it by entire strangers whom ,i had never seen before1 nor have ,i seen them since4 ,it seems mysterious to me how my way opened up and my necessities were met4 ,the ,elders outward bound treated me very kindly4 ,they fitted themselves out for their several destinations1 paid their passage1 and then had some fifteen hundred dollars to send to their families1 with their photographs and some small parcels1 all of which they entrusted to me1 with three small trunks1 to take to ,san ,bernardino4 ,of the money seven hundred and fifty dollars in gold was put into a belt and girded around my body2 the balance was in drafts or checks4 ,in the meantime1 some of the ,elders had met with ,mr4 ,holliday1 overland mail contractor4 ,as he had not perfected his arrangements for regular mail service1 he made some inquiries of the ,elders about sending mail sacks by chance carrier to ,los ,angeles4 ,they referred him to me1 as they thought there would be something in it for me4 ,he called1 and ,i agreed to take charge of three sacks if he would deliver them on the steamer ,sea ,bird1 on the morning of the #bith4 ,on that date he sent the sacks just as we were putting off4 ,he told me the pay would be all right when the sacks were delivered4 ,i had paid thirty-five dollars for my passage to ,san ,pedro1 and we steamed out4 ,on the morning of the #cjth we landed at ,monterey1 and lay there till #d p4m4 ,during that time ,i had a severe chill1 followed by a very high fever1 which held on till next morning1 when a heavier chill came on1 like the ague1 followed by fever4 ,i had made my bed down on some nail kegs that were on deck2 for the boat was so crowded with passengers of all classes that there was no possible chance for comfort4 ,it semed that everyone was seeking his own convenience1 regardless of his neighbor4 ,,chapter ,,xxxvii4 ,,become ,,desperately ,,ill--,,nursed ,,back ,,to ,,consciousness--,,kindness ,,of ,,an ,,aged ,,spanish ,,couple--,,belt ,,with ,,money ,,entrusted ,,to ,,me ,,disappears--,,intense ,,anxiety--,,discover ,,the ,,money--,,great ,,suffering--,,land ,,at ,,san ,,pedro--,,left ,,on ,,the ,,beach--,,drag ,,myself ,,to ,,the ,,shelter ,,of ,,an ,,old ,,wall--,,kindness ,,of ,a ,,spaniard ,,and ,,his ,,wife--,a ,,terrible ,,night--,,seek ,a ,,passage ,,to ,,los ,,angeles ,,with ,,freighters--,,refusals--,,meet ,a ,,kind ,,teamster--,,reach ,,los ,,angeles---,,dumped ,,on ,,the ,,street--,,find ,,shelter1 ,,but ,a ,,chilly ,,welcome--,,start ,,next ,,morning1 ,,sick ,,and ,,hungry1 ,,to ,,find ,a ,,new ,,place--,,so ,,ill ,i ,,have ,,to ,,lie ,,down ,,in ,,the ,,street--,,two ,,friends ,,from ,,san ,,bernardino--,,am ,,told ,,that ,i ,,have ,,the ,,smallpox--,,my ,,friends ,,give ,,me ,,money ,,and ,,start ,,in ,,search ,,of ,a ,,house ,,where ,i ,,can ,,be ,,cared ,,for--,,failing ,,to ,,secure ,a ,,room1 ,,they ,,engage ,,the ,,city ,,marshal ,,to ,,get ,a ,,place1 ,,and ,,they ,,leave ,,for ,,san ,,bernardino--,i ,,wander ,,for ,,shelter1 ,,but ,,doors ,,are ,,closed1 ,,and ,,people ,,avoid ,,me--,,lodge ,,in ,a ,,doctor',s ,,office ,,while ,,the ,,doctor ,,is ,,out--,,scare ,,the ,,people ,,by ,,shouting ,,smallpox6--,,the ,,doctor ,,returns ,,but ,,leaves ,,me ,,in ,,possession4 ,,on the voyage down from ,san ,francisco ,i grew so desperately sick that ,i lost my reasoning powers1 becoming so delirious that afterwards ,i could only remember removing my coat and vest and turning into bed1 on the nail kegs1 with my trunks and the mail sacks about me4 ,the next thing that ,i recall was in the after part of the day1 ,february #ast1 #ahec1 when ,i began to regain consciousness4 ,there was an old ,spanish gentleman and his good old mahara 7wife7 rubbing my hands and feet1 while a big crowd of the passengers stood around4 ,my first thought was3 ,what does this mean--who am ,i--where did ,i come from--where am ,i going---how did ,i come here1 and why are these strangers so interested in me as to be rubbing my hands8 ,the next thing1 the old gentleman brought me some refreshments1 with a cup of coffee2 and when ,i finally returned to consciousness ,i inquired what had been the matter4 ,i was told that ,i had been a very sick man1 but was much better1 and would soon be well4 ,when the crowd were satisfied that the worst was past they dispersed1 but the old gentleman and lady sat near1 as if to anticipate any favor ,i might need4 ,doubtless the good old couple have been gathered home to their fathers long ere this writing4 ,if so1 peace to their ashes2 may they in no wise lose their reward1 for they administered to the suffering stranger1 although they were foreigners1 while my own countrymen passed rudely by4 ,with consciousness returned1 ,i remembered the money that ,i had in charge4 ,i felt about my body1 and to my surprise and mortification the belt was gone4 ,the next thought ,i had was that ,i had been robbed by some one on board1 and ,i wondered what could be done to regain the property1 or1 if it could not be recovered1 how could ,i make amends to the poor women and children whom their husbands and fathers had sent it to8 ,how could ,i prove my innocence to them8 ,by this time the mental sufferings had overcome the physical pain1 and in despair ,i drew the blankets close about me4 ,in so doing ,i felt the belt of money lying at my back1 under cover4 ,the buckle had been ripped or cut off1 most likely the latter1 for1 as ,i learned afterwards1 in some way it was noised around that ,i had money4 ,the reaction of the mental faculties was too much for my weak state1 and ,i almost swooned away2 but when ,i fully recovered from the shock to my nerves1 ,i rolled the belt snugly up1 and raised on my knees with my blankets so drawn about my shoulders as to cover the front part of the trunk4 ,then ,i placed the belt inside1 at the same time taking some article out1 so as to divert the observers' attention from my real purpose2 ,i then laid down1 suffering with a terrible fever1 and put in one night more of great wretchedness4 ,about #c or #d p4m4 next day1 ,february #bnd1 we landed at ,san ,pedro4 ,there was a great rush for the shore1 and for the four or five vehicles that were in waiting4 ,the most of the passengers seemed to be without baggage1 save a roll of blankets or a satchel1 and as the the writer had so much and was sick1 he was the last person to land4 ,every vehicle was gone1 and all the passengers were out of sight before he got his baggage ashore4 ,when this did come1 it was thrown on the beach just above high water mark4 ,at that early date there was not a hotel1 boardinghouse1 or restaurant anywhere in sight from the landing4 ,one wall of an old adobe warehouse stood near by1 and the only thing for the writer to do was to seek what shelter that wall afforded4 ,thither he dragged his effects1 then dropped down on his bedding exhausted4 ,he lay there until he had excited the curiosity of a ,spaniard and his wife who were some distance away4 ,they came down and asked what was the matter1 and as ,i did not know1 ,i could not tell them4 ,they saw that my face was swollen and they seemed afraid to come close1 but inquired what ,i wished1 and if they could do anything for me4 ,i asked for milk and bread1 which they supplied1 and left me to my fate for the night4 ,the experiences of that terrible night baffle the writer's powers of description4 ,suffice it to say1 he passed it alone1 with the heavy mist of the briny deep resting upon him1 while the fever and thirst seemed to be consuming his body4 ,at last the morning light came through a dense fog2 but by #h or #i o'clock that had partly passed away4 ,some freight teams came down from ,los ,angeles1 and the sufferer felt somewhat encouraged to think there was a prospect of his reaching civilization at the place where he had helped to rear the first liberty pole which was to bear aloft the ,stars and ,stripes on the ,pacific coast4 ,he accosted the freighters1 feeling assured that he would not be denied a passage1 as he was prepared to pay for this accommodation4 ,the first man said no2 he had all that he could haul4 ,the second teamster said no1 he was not doing a passenger business4 ,the third said1 ,i don't know4 ,it is too d--d bad to leave you here sick4 ,i guess ,i can take you4 ,throw on your things if you can1 and hurry about it4 ,when the writer made an effort to do as invited1 the freighter lent him a hand1 and when the baggage was aboard the teamster said1 ,come1 get on here4 ,it's a poor place for a sick man1 away up on a goods box1 among the bows1 but it's your only chance with me4 ,up there6 and away we went on our journey twenty-one miles to ,los ,angeles1 where we arrived about #h p4m4 ,near the center of the city1 on the sidewalk at a street corner1 my effects were dumped4 ,i wandered around to find shelter1 and at last reached ,jesse ,d4 ,hunter's place4 ,hunter had been captain of ,company ,b in the ,mormon ,battalion1 and ,i thought ,i could do no better than stop with him1 though ,i did not meet anything very inviting4 ,i was coldly granted the privilege of dragging my blankets into the kitchen1 and of bunking down on the dirt floor1 after a light supper of bread and milk1 the first food ,i had had since the night before4 ,but ,i was too ill to do better1 and ,mr4 ,hunter was so cool and indifferent that ,i was glad to leave his place next morning without any further accommodations4 ,i started out alone1 and turned so sick and dizzy that ,i had to lie down in the street on my blankets4 ,while there ,i was approached by ,daniel ,clark and ,james ,bailey from ,san ,bernardino4 ,they asked if my name was ,brown1 and if ,i was a returning missionary4 ,i told them yes4 ,they said they had heard of me1 and that ,i had the smallpox1 so they had been searching the town for me1 and happening to see me lie down in the street1 they became satisfied they had found the object of their search4 ,each of them threw me ten dollars in gold1 and went in search of a room or place where ,i could be cared for4 ,failing in finding that1 they called on the mayor1 who started the marshal out to hunt a place4 ,when ,clark and ,bailey had done all they could--and they were as kind as they could be--they had the mail sacks delivered1 but did not find the pay that was to be all right on delivery4 ,then they went home to ,san ,bernardino1 while ,i did the best ,i could to find shelter1 but my face was so terribly swollen that every door was shut against me2 and when the news spread that there was a man around the streets with the smallpox1 ,i could have the sidewalk to myself wherever ,i went4 ,at last ,i found ,dr4 ,jones' office open1 but dark and with no one in it4 ,i dragged my bedding through the office to the bedroom1 where ,i spread my blankets and turned in1 leaving the door open and lights burning4 ,when anyone came to the door ,i would shout ,smallpox6 and it was amusing to hear the people run4 ,about #aa p4m4 the doctor came1 and ,i shouted ,smallpox6 ,said he3 ,who is here8 ,i answered1 ,the man whom you said had the smallpox4 ,he responded1 ,all right1 but ,i would not have had it happen for five hundred dollars4 ,be quiet1 you have done just right4 ,but how did you get in8 ,why1 the door was open1 ,i replied1 and he said3 ,i never did such a thing before in my life4 ,it must have been done on purpose for you1 for it was not fit for you to be out4 ,the doctor then held his breath1 stepped in over me1 took up his bed1 and walked away4 ,,chapter ,,xxxviii4 ,,city ,,marshall ,,and ,,doctor ,,come ,,to ,,remove ,,me--,,taken ,,to ,a ,,deserted ,,house1 ,,which ,,had ,,been ,,used ,,as ,a ,,sheepfold--,,bedded ,,in ,,sheep ,,manure--,,an ,,indian ,,nurse ,,who ,,becomes ,,frightened--,,spanish ,,nurse ,,sent ,,to ,,me--,,in ,a ,,boat ,,with ,,patient ,,job--,,my ,,fever ,,increases--,,attacked ,,by ,,robbers--,,relieved ,,by ,,city ,,marshal ,,with ,,posse--,,marshal ,,takes ,,the ,,money ,i ,,have ,,in ,,my ,,care1 ,,for ,,safe ,,keeping--,,spanish ,,nurse ,,scared ,,off--,,queer ,,sailor ,,nurse--,,he ,,drinks ,,whisky1 ,,sings ,,and ,,dances--,,his ,,thoughtful ,,care ,,of ,,me--,,visited ,,by ,,my ,,cousin--,,kindness ,,of ,,san ,,bernardino ,,saints--,,recovering ,,from ,,my ,,illness--,,my ,,clothing ,,burned--,,heavy ,,expense ,,bill ,,against ,,me--,,tell ,,the ,,city ,,marshal ,,of ,,my ,,arrival ,,in ,,california ,,as ,a ,,united ,,states ,,soldier ,,in ,,the ,,mexican ,,war--,,kindness ,,of ,,the ,,marshal--,,los ,,angeles ,,assumes ,,the ,,bill ,,for ,,medical ,,attention ,,given ,,me--,,start ,,for ,,san ,,bernardino--,,exhausted ,,on ,,the ,,journey--,,almost ,,die ,,of ,,thirst--,,relieved ,,by ,a ,,party ,,of ,,spanish ,,ladies--,,kindness ,,of ,,spanish ,,families--,,arrive ,,at ,,san ,,bernardino ,,and ,,meet ,,friends ,,and ,,relatives4 ,,early next morning1 the marshal and doctor were there with suitable refreshments1 and when the patient had made a feint at eating they told him they had secured a room if he could put up with it4 ,sheep had been kept in it1 and it was smoked very black1 but they assured him that the conditions were favorable to recovery from the disease4 ,then they took him by his arms and assisted him into an old cart that they had standing at the door2 they had an ,indian to lead the horse4 ,the patient could not see a particle only as he held his eyes open with his fingers4 ,he told them of his trunk1 which had been left all this time where the freighter had dumped it when the writer came into town4 ,the trunk was brought1 and the ,indian led out1 the marshal and doctor bringing up the rear4 ,when we passed the suburbs1 we turned to the right1 to an old deserted adobe house of two rooms4 ,the front yard had been used as a sheepfold4 ,the doors had been broken down1 and the sheep had had free access to the rooms1 until the sheep manure was some five or six inches deep on the dirt floor4 ,the rooms were very poorly lighted at best2 and to add to the darkness1 the sheepherders had camped in them till the whole of the inside of the rooms was smoked as black as a stove4 ,the doctor said it was the best they could do1 adding3 ,it is too d--d bad to put you in such a place1 but if you will put up with it1 it will be the very best thing for you in the end4 ,the sheepy smell1 and the darkness1 with some ointment that ,i will give you1 will prevent your being marked2 whereas1 if you were kept in a light1 clean room1 you have got the disease so bad that you would be marked all over4 ,then again you have been so badly exposed that you must put up with the treatment in order to recover properly1 lest something else follows4 ,i told him that my condition was such that ,i was compelled to submit to any treatment they saw fit to give4 ,then they got some tools1 removed the dry1 hard packed manure1 and placed my mattress down on the dirt floor1 so that when the covering was spread ready for me it was just level with the manure on the front1 the foot1 head and back being against the walls4 ,having turned in1 ,i opened my eyes with my fingers1 and found myself in twilight1 with an ,indian man for a nurse4 ,the marshal and doctor left1 saying that ,i should be cared for4 ,then the nurse went off1 and soon returned with a custard in a coffee basin2 this he said was worth fifty cents4 ,he brought it1 and an iron spoon to eat the custard1 but when ,i opened my eyes in such an unnatural way1 they appeared so badly bloodshot that the nurse took fright and ran away1 leaving me to my fate until #e or #f o'clock p4m4 ,then an old ,spaniard1 who was very badly pox-marked1 came and said he had been engaged as a nurse1 as the ,indian was so frightened at the disease that he would not return4 ,the ,spaniard seemed to comprehend the conditions4 ,he got a ,spanish roll of bread and a pint of milk for fifty cents1 then straightened up the bed and left for the night4 ,next morning he was on hand to attend to my wants4 ,this was on ,february #f1 #ahec4 ,the smallpox began to appear in pustules1 or rather boils2 for it so resembled the latter that ,i began to think of patient old ,job4 ,i was sore from the crown of my head to the soles of my feet1 and yet it was only blisters that day1 comparatively speaking4 ,the ,spanish nurse seemed to understand his business1 for as ,i would roll and toss1 the old gentleman would tuck the bedclothes about me1 saying1 ,must not let the air to you4 ,must keep warm1 and have warm drink1 and have the bowels moderately easy4 ,then he would apply the ointment1 and be as cheerful as possible1 doing all that he could to divert my mind from my sufferings4 ,night came on and the blisters enlarged2 ,i became very sick at the stomach1 and the kind old nurse stayed by me till daylight on the #gth4 ,the fever still raged fiercely4 ,night again came1 and the nurse got alarmed at seeing some six or seven rough men1 armed1 approaching the house4 ,he hastily gathered his arms full of cobblestones1 ran in and piled them on the edge of the bed1 and cried out1 ,can you fight8 ,the robbers are coming4 ,murder6 murder6 ,at that ,i raised in bed1 opened my eyes in the new way1 and took up a cobble rock1 the nurse standing by the bed shouting ,murder6 ,the next moment three ruffians appeared at the partition door1 in the house1 while another presented himself at the window1 near the head of the bed4 ,so far as ,i could see1 they were armed with revolvers and bowie knives4 ,there must have been two or three men at the outside door4 ,the shock came so suddenly that ,i had no time to get thoroughly scared until ,i heard men running around the northwest corner of the house4 ,the latter noise was by the marshal and a posse which he had summoned hastily1 for a party had been in the saloon and had heard the ruffians say1 ,let's go and rob that man who has got the smallpox1 for he has got money4 ,it must be that some of the party had been the ones who had ripped the belt off of me while on shipboard1 where they had been disturbed before they had time to slip it away4 ,thus they had learned about the money1 and when they got to drinking and gambling1 they probably had decided on robbing the smallpox man to make a raise1 but had talked too loud for the success of their plan4 ,the marshal acted so promptly that they were foiled in their plot1 for when they heard him and his posse coming1 and the nurse shouting ,murder6 they fled to the southeast and passed over into a dark1 deep1 brushy ravine1 out of sight1 just as the marshal and party gained the south side of the building4 ,the officer said he saw them1 but had not time to shoot before they disappeared in the brush and darkness4 ,the marshal came into the house and informed me of the plot and how he came to hear of it4 ,he said1 ,now1 if you have any money or valuable papers1 you had better send for some trusty friend to come and take care of them4 ,i will send for anyone that you will name4 ,i told him ,i did not know of a better friend than the one who had come to my relief1 and if he1 the marshal1 would take care of the valuables1 ,i would be much obliged4 ,he said he would take charge of them and have them deposited for safekeeping till ,i wanted them4 ,i then handed out my memorandum book1 with the names of the men who sent the money1 the amounts1 and the names of those to whom it was sent4 ,then1 my eyes being propped open1 ,i poured the money on to a handkerchief they had spread over my lap4 ,as the money was mostly in gold ten and twenty dollar pieces1 in fifty dollar packages1 it was easily and quickly counted1 and found to tally with the memoranda4 ,then the drafts and checks were counted1 and all put together in the belt--some fifteen hundred dollars--and handed over to the marshal1 with ,dr4 ,jones as witness4 ,when the gold was being counted out1 some of the would-be robbers appeared at the window1 and doubtless saw that the marshal was taking charge of the valuables1 by which action their plot fell through1 and ,i was not troubled any more4 ,but the experience was enough for the ,spanish nurse1 for the robbers undoubtedly were ,spaniards or greasers1 and if they could take revenge on him they would do it4 ,some of the marshal's posse stayed till they felt satisfied the danger was all over1 then they1 with the nurse1 left1 and next day sent to me an old badly pox-marked sailor for an attendant4 ,he came in with a bottle of whisky that he said was a hundred years old4 ,the first thing the new nurse said was1 ,hello1 old chum6 ,what are you doing there8 ,come1 and have a drink with me4 ,the next breath he said1 ,no1 no1 for ,i know it would not do for you4 ,i will drink for you4 ,so here goes4 ,he then took a liberal draught1 and wanted to know what he could do for my comfort4 ,on being told there was nothing ,i wanted just then1 he said1 ,let me sing you a song1 and he sang a very comical ditty4 ,then he said1 ,i'll dance a jig for you1 and at it he went4 ,in the performance he kicked the dry manure pretty nearly all over me and my bed1 for he was three sheets in the wind and the fourth fluttering 7three-fourths drunk1 or more47 ,when he saw what he had done1 he dropped on his knees and begged pardon1 making the most humble apology4 ,said he1 ,never mind1 old chum1 just lay over to starboard1 and ,i will make it all right4 ,he brushed and brushed away1 then said1 ,now to larboard1 and ,i will fix you all right4 ,so he pounded away1 talking all the time in his sailor phrases4 ,finally he partially sobered up1 and it would have been hard to find a more thoughtful and attentive nurse4 ,from that time on he stayed with me1 told many interesting sea stories1 and sang love songs4 ,on ,february #ajth my cousin1 ,john ,m4 ,brown1 who was passing through that part of the country1 came to the door and called4 ,is that you1 ,james8 ,at the same time he threw a ten dollar gold piece on the bed2 but not having had the smallpox1 he dare not come in4 ,we had not met before in eight years4 ,at that date ,i was suffering intensely1 if not the worst that ,i had done1 for ,i was down so weak that ,i could not help myself at all4 ,on the #aath1 ,w4 ,g4 ,sherwood1 of ,san ,bernardino1 came in1 saying that the ,saints had raised some money for me1 and had sent him to take care of me until ,i was able to come out to them4 ,brothers ,d4 ,clark and ,j4 ,bailey had told ,president ,seeley of my condition4 ,i felt indeed very thankful for the favors shown me4 ,on the #adth the smallpox had nearly died away1 and by the #aith ,i was considered out of all danger1 with prudence4 ,on the #bjth1 the doctor and marshal came and ordered all of my bedding and a good suit of clothes that ,i had on when taken down1 boots1 hat1 and all1 piled in the yard1 and there burned4 ,they said my expenses had been five dollars per day for the house1 because of the disease and being close to where the landlord and his family lived4 ,the nurses also had to be paid the same amount per day4 ,i told them ,i had been out on a long mission at my own expense1 and now had so little money that it would cost me every dollar that ,i had to meet the loss of my clothes and bedding1 so it was impossible for me to settle such a bill1 one hundred and forty dollars4 ,i had paid for every article ,i had used except a little medicine the doctor had furnished4 ,the marshal and doctor said they understood that ,i had come into the country as a soldier in the time of the ,mexican war4 ,i told them that ,i had helped to build the fort that overlooked the town1 and that ,i went to ,san ,bernardino canyon and helped get down the first liberty pole that ever bore the ,stars and ,stripes on this western coast4 ,at this they asked a number of questions1 as if to satisfy themselves whether or not ,i had told them the truth1 and when they became convinced the marshal said3 ,mr4 ,brown1 do not make any trouble1 for we will see that you do not have to pay that bill2 you are worthy of all the care that you have had1 and more too4 ,los ,angeles will pay that1 and you are free to go on your way4 ,we are pleased to have made your acquaintance1 and that you have recovered so well2 for your case has been a very remarkable one1 to have had the disease so badly and after being exposed as you were1 to have recovered so soon1 with scarce a mark left on you4 ,it has been a most wonderful case1 and we congratulate you on your safe recovery1 and wish you success on your journey to ,salt ,lake4 ,of course ,i could not feel otherwise than very grateful to those two gentlemen for their kind attention and largeness of soul4 ,then we bade each other good-bye and ,i am not conscious that we have ever met since that day4 ,brother ,sherwood and ,i stored my trunk1 put our other effects on his poor old stallion1 went down town and got my money and some provisions and a bottle of old whisky1 and were amused to see so many people run from the smallpox1 while others stood afar off and gazed4 ,finally1 on ,february #bast1 we set out for ,san ,bernardino1 eighty miles1 on foot1 one leading and the other punching the old horse1 which was so weak that he stumbled wherever the road was a little rough4 ,we only got ten miles that day4 ,on the #bbnd we proceeded on our journey another ten miles1 when it was impossible for me to go any further4 ,i was thoroughly exhausted1 and had to lie down or drop4 ,we were ten miles from water1 and so thirsty that it seemed that ,i must die on that arid plain4 ,brother ,sherwood1 however1 proved equal to the emergency4 ,he got me on to a pair of blankets1 led the old horse up so as to cast a shadow over me1 then hastened to soak a piece of bread in some old whisky4 ,he gave me the bread1 saying it would slake my thirst1 and stimulate me4 ,strange as it seemed to me1 it did so1 and in a short time ,i was able to rise alone1 and sit up4 ,we had not been there a great while when we saw a party of ,spanish ladies coming in on another road1 that appeared to unite with the one we were on2 so by an effort we gained the junction just as they did4 ,they stopped their cart1 and asked if we would have some wine4 ,we said we preferred water1 and they gave us both4 ,seeing that ,i was very ill1 they invited me to ride with them1 making room so that ,i had a place between the two on the front seat and rested my head and shoulders on the laps of the two on the rear seat1 while they bathed my head with water1 and urged me to take a little more wine4 ,it did seem that if it had not been for this most unexpected kindness ,i should have died of thirst and exhaustion before we could have reached any other source of support4 ,brother ,sherwood followed in the rear to where the ladies lived1 but before he came up ,i was helped on to a bed in a cool room1 and had some refreshments1 with a cup of chocolate4 ,oh1 how thankful ,i was to those blessed ,spanish senoritas6 ,when their husbands came in1 they shook hands and seemed to be pleased that their wives had dealt so kindly with the strange ,american4 ,brother ,sherwood soon arrived1 and they unpacked his horse and took care of it1 while the women supplied him with water to bathe his hands and face1 and with refreshments4 ,then he and ,i retired early4 ,next morning1 ,february #bc1 we were served with chocolate and tortias 7pancakes7 before we were out of bed4 ,our hosts had only a humble home1 but so kind were they in their attentions to us that it aroused suspicions of a large bill to pay1 but when we asked them the amount they shrugged their shoulders ,spanish fashion1 and with a pleasant smile said1 in ,spanish1 ,nothing2 friendship2 no more4 ,as we bade them good-bye they said they would be pleased for me to allow them to have the little smallpox scab that was on my nose1 if we thought it would not leave a mark1 so they and ,brother ,sherwood removed it1 and thought it would not leave any pit2 therefore ,i allowed him to remove it and leave it with them4 ,still it did leave its mark till this day4 ,we proceeded on to a ranch where we met with a fourth cousin of mine1 ,john ,garner1 who kindly offered me a seat in his wagon4 ,he was loaded and could not start till late1 but we could reach his place before midnight1 and ,brother ,sherwood could push on2 for when we started ,sherwood would not be able to keep up4 ,i accepted his proposition1 and we reached his home at #aa o'clock p4m4 ,on the #bdth ,i went to what they called at that time1 ,i believe1 ,fort ,san ,bernardino4 ,there ,i found many warm-hearted friends1 and a number of relatives1 among them ,john ,m4 and ,alexander ,brown1 my cousins4 ,i made my home with the latter1 who1 with his wife1 was very kind to me4 ,i also visited many old acquaintances4 ,my trunk ,i sent for by ,sidney ,tanner1 and he brought it from ,los ,angeles free of charge4 ,,chapter ,,xxxix4 ,,report ,,my ,,mission--,,prepare ,,to ,,continue ,,the ,,journey ,,to ,,utah--,,have ,,to ,,remain ,,at ,,san ,,bernardino ,,for ,a ,,time--,,sickness ,,among ,,the ,,people--,,instances ,,of ,,healing ,,by ,,administration--,,engage ,,to ,,travel ,,with ,a ,,pack-,,train ,,to ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,get ,a ,,bucking ,,mile--,,start ,,on ,,the ,,journey--,,in ,a ,,hostile ,,indian ,,country--,,signs ,,of ,,danger--,,prepare ,,for ,,trouble--,,sudden ,,appearance ,,of ,,an ,,indian--,,our ,,party ,,want ,,to ,,shoot--,i ,,protest1 ,,and ,,make ,,friends ,,with ,,the ,,indian--,,other ,,red ,,men ,,appear--,,difficulty ,,of ,,restraining ,,our ,,party--,i ,,converse ,,with ,,the ,,indians1 ,,who ,,tell ,,of ,a ,,camp ,,of ,,mormons ,,and ,,mexicans ,a ,,short ,,distance ,,ahead--,,how ,i ,,understood ,,the ,,indians--,,discover ,,the ,,camp ,,spoken ,,of--,,rest ,a ,,day--,,move ,,toward ,,the ,,santa ,,clara--,,danger ,,ahead--,a ,,fire ,,across ,,our ,,path--,,we ,,dash ,,through ,,it--,,hostile ,,indians--,,an ,,exciting ,,chase--,,meet ,,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,,lyman ,,and ,c4 ,c4 ,,rich--,,arrive ,,at ,,cedar ,,city--,,stop ,,at ,,parowan--,,journey ,,north1 ,,preaching ,,en ,,route--,,reach ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,settle ,,with ,,the ,,people ,,for ,,whom ,i ,,have ,,money--,,report ,,to ,,president ,,young--,,preach ,,in ,,the ,,tabernacle--,,released ,,prom ,,my ,,mission--,,cost ,,of ,,my ,,mission ,,to ,,the ,,society ,,islands4 ,,on ,february #bgth1 ,i was called on by ,president ,seeley of the branch of the ,church at ,san ,bernardino1 to give a report of my mission1 and ,i did so before the congregation4 ,on ,march #ith1 ,i prepared to come home with ,john and ,alexander ,brown1 to ,salt ,lake ,city1 but for some reason they gave up the idea of traveling at that time1 and ,i had to await another opportunity4 ,then we looked about the country1 thinking that we would make some improvements1 if we did not meet with a better chance to come to ,utah4 ,about this time there was a great amount of sickness in the place1 and ,elder ,thomas ,whitaker1 from the islands1 and ,i had numerous calls to administer to the sick4 ,many seemed to be possessed of evil spirits2 certainly1 if they had lived in ,mary ,magdalene's day it would have been said of them that they had seven devils in them2 for the actions were the same as in those days1 and the evil spirits would not come out except through fasting and prayer4 ,consequently1 ,president ,seeley ordered a fast and a prayer meeting for the ,saints4 ,it was very well attended1 and good results followed4 ,many people were healed of the diseases afflicting them4 ,one incident ,i will mention3 ,there lived in the town a man named ,john ,brown2 he had a ,spanish wife and one or two children4 ,one evening1 ,major ,jefferson ,hunt's wife called on me to come as quickly as possible1 for ,mr4 ,brown's child looked as if it were dying4 ,i went in1 and found the mother and child in bed together4 ,the little one acted as if it were choking to death1 and was fighting for breath2 it gnashed its teeth and frothed at the mouth4 ,i anointed it with consecrated oil1 and as there was no other ,elder handy ,i administered to the child1 when every symptom of its trouble left it immediately1 but seized on the mother4 ,she raved1 frothed and foamed at the mouth1 gnashed her teeth1 cramped1 and seemed so ill that she could not live five minutes4 ,sister ,hunt anointed her with oil1 and ,i administered to her4 ,she was healed that moment4 ,an ,indian woman was sitting there sewing1 and the same power that had afflicted the child and its mother took hold of the ,indian woman4 ,by this time another sister had stepped in1 and she and ,sister ,hunt raised the ,indian woman up1 for she had fallen over4 ,they called on me to lay hands on her1 but ,i did not feel to do so at once4 ,i told them to wet her face and rub her hands4 ,they did so1 and she grew worse every minute1 until ,i administered to her1 by laying my hands upon her and praying1 rebuking the evil spirits1 commanding them in the name of the ,lord to come out of her and to depart from her and from that house1 and from the houses and homes of the ,saints1 and to get hence to their own home1 and trouble us no more4 ,that moment the evil spirits left1 and did not return again4 ,the three persons who were afflicted were perfectly well next morning1 and ,i never heard of their being afflicted afterwards4 ,there had been a number of cases where persons had been similarly affected1 and some of them were not healed until they had been baptized seven times in succession1 when they were permanently cured4 ,indeed1 there were very many remarkable cases of healing in ,san ,bernardino about that time4 ,on ,april #aeth1 my cousin1 ,john ,m4 ,brown1 learned that a man named ,lamper was going to start with the mail to ,salt ,lake ,city1 and had only four men with him4 ,as that was too small a number to be safe1 it was ascertained that if he could have three or four more he would like it very much4 ,he told ,john ,m4 ,brown that if he would raise two or three other men1 he would wait at the mouth of the ,cajon ,pass for them4 ,as my cousin had never had any experience with pack animals1 he told me that if ,i would go with him and help with the stock and packs1 for that service he would furnish everything needed en route1 he knowing that ,i had had experience in that line1 and in the handling of wild horses and mules4 ,i accepted the offer1 so we made ready1 and were off on the #aith of ,april4 ,we overtook the party in waiting at the place agreed upon4 ,the animal provided for my saddle mule was wild1 large and strong1 and given to jumping stiff-legged1 or bucking1 as it is called4 ,it was a hard animal to handle1 and was successful in dumping its rider three times in the fore part of the journey1 to the amusement of his five comrades4 ,we had nineteen head of animals1 and traveled at the rate of fifty miles per day1 for the first half of the journey1 because our route led us through a hostile ,indian country4 ,we stood regular turns of guard1 and all went well till the last day before we came to the ,muddy4 ,that day we saw danger signs1 of ,indians4 ,i will say now1 my friendly reader1 if ever you travel in an ,indian country1 and come to fresh ,indian tracks1 yet do not see an ,indian1 then you may be sure that some red man wants a few horses and some plunder1 if1 indeed1 he does not want a scalp or two to hang to his bridle-bit or surcingle4 ,that was our danger sign1 plenty of fresh ,indian tracks1 where they had rolled large boulders into the narrow passes in the road1 or gorges where the road passed through4 ,this satisfied us that we were in danger of an unpleasant surprise1 so we examined every firelock1 made sure there was powder in every tube1 good waterproof caps on1 ammunition handy1 packs securely bound1 saddles well girt1 and every man prepared to act promptly in case of an attack4 ,at this time we were crossing from the ,las ,vegas to the ,muddy4 ,i think the distance without water was sixty-five miles1 so there was no alternative for us but to press forward to the ,muddy ,river1 were we arrived in safety about #d a4m41 watered our stock1 and got a hasty meal1 giving our animals a very short time for rest and to feed4 ,at daylight we began to saddle up for another start4 ,just as we were ready to mount1 a large1 stout ,indian raised up out of the willows within bow-shot1 and hallooed4 ,he had his bows and arrows in hand4 ,at that my cousin ,john leveled his gun on the red man1 when ,i seized it and forbade anyone to shoot1 as others of the party had made ready for the worst4 ,at that moment the ,indian held out his hand and came toward us1 as if to shake hands4 ,every man of the party but myself was ready and anxious to open fire on the ,indian1 but ,i stood between him and them until they had mounted4 ,i told them if there was one shot fired every one of us would be killed4 ,the ,indian said to me that he wished to be friendly4 ,then ,i mounted and the party started1 and at the same time twenty-five or thirty ,indians1 all well armed1 raised up out of the brush within easy pistol range4 ,my party again drew their guns1 when ,i told them to hold on1 for the ,indians were friendly1 and their object was merely to beg some food2 but some of my party were hard to control4 ,as my companions trotted up1 ,i fell back with the ,indians1 who talked1 and ,i began to understand them1 although ,i had not been among them one day4 ,it was given me to understand them1 and ,i told my companions that ,i did so4 ,i told them further1 that ,i would stand between them and the ,indians1 if they would not shoot4 ,one said1 ,how do you know that they are friendly if you have never been among them before8 ,they are following us up4 ,send them away1 if you know so much about their friendship4 ,the ,indians told me that when the sun got to such a position1 pointing to where it would be at about #i o'clock a4m41 we would come to a large camp of ,mormons and non-,mormons1 with their families2 that they had horses1 mules and horned stock1 and wagons1 also some sheep and goats4 ,there was a lot of ,mexicans camped with them1 and these had pack-mules4 ,this1 and more1 was told me in the ,indian dialect1 and was as plain to my understanding as if it had been spoken in my native tongue2 yet my party were slow to believe1 and some of them cursed the ,indians1 saying that if the black rascals were friendly1 why did they not go back1 instead of following us up4 ,being fearful that our party could not be restrained much longer1 ,i halted and talked with the ,indians1 telling them ,i was afraid my friends would shoot them unless they fell back1 and ceased to follow up so closely4 ,the ,indians replied that ,i would soon learn that what they had said was true1 as they did not talk two ways4 ,just then we saw a ,mexican come dashing down the hillside towards us4 ,when he came to us and shook hands1 then confirmed what the ,indians had told me1 my cousin ,john said1 ,i believe ,jim does understand the ,indians1 for he understands the ,spanish language1 and the ,spaniards have told him just what the ,indians have said4 ,i believe he is half ,indian1 or he would not be so friendly with and understand them so well4 ,soon we came to a raise1 from which we could see the camps1 just as they had been described to us minutely in the morning1 by the ,indians1 who followed us up to the camps1 and with pride pointed out to us everything they had spoken of1 saying1 ,we do not lie4 ,i believe that our party had become satisfied that the ,indians had made the signs seen on the road the day before1 and then had laid in ambush to intimidate us1 that they might get something to eat1 for they were very closely run for food2 again1 it may have been that they meant more serious things and were deterred therefrom by learning of the approach of the company we found in camp4 ,at any rate we felt safer to lay by with the camp one day1 and rest ourselves and stock2 then we proceeded over a big dry bench to the ,rio ,virgen1 then up that river and across another high plateau to ,beaver ,dam4 ,from there we crossed another high rolling country of some forty miles or more1 to ,santa ,clara4 ,when we got half way across we saw a signal smoke1 apparently on the ,santa ,clara where the road comes to that stream1 or perhaps a little above4 ,feeling conscious of our weakness1 we watched the smoke with no little concern1 and as ,i had had considerably more acquaintance with the red men than any others of the party1 ,i told them that from the way the fire was managed there was mischief ahead1 and we must prepare for the worst4 ,our animals were thirsty and well jaded1 yet there was no choice for us but to brave the danger ahead4 ,then the examination of firelocks and the cinching of saddles was in order4 ,that matter1 however1 was delayed so long as we felt safe4 ,when the preparation was made1 and the smoke had grown denser1 we advanced and saw that the streak of fire was in the narrows of the canyon4 ,it extended from cliff to cliff1 and evidently was made in a scheme of plunder or massacre1 most likely both4 ,under the circumstances1 we were compelled to run the gauntlet1 so it was hastily decided for me to lead the way4 ,i agreeing to do this if the party would obey my orders1 and not fire until ,i did1 or gave the command to them4 ,if ,i gave the warwhoop they were to do the same4 ,the first order was to draw weapons for action1 then charge with all possible speed4 ,away we went1 and as we neared the flames we chose the most open spot1 or that which seemed freest of fire4 ,although there was a continuous stream of flames clear across the canyon1 some places were freer than others4 ,we chose the place where the least fire was1 the flames there being not more than two or two and a half feet high4 ,if the timber in the canyon had been larger1 it might have afforded the ,indians a better opportunity1 but instead of secreting themselves in the bottom of the ravine1 they had chosen the cliffs on either side4 ,just before we reached the fire1 we urged our animals up to the best speed1 and1 raising as big a warwhoop as we were capable of1 and brandishing our firearms in the most threatening manner1 we dashed through4 ,at the same time1 the ,indians showed themselves in the cliffs with drawn bows1 trying to take aim through the timber4 ,they answered our whoop or yell1 and gave chase1 but they being on foot1 and our animals having become thoroughly frightened at the sudden change that had taken place and with the evergoading spurs of their riders1 rushed on ahead4 ,though very thirsty1 our animals never attempted to drink1 although we crossed the stream a number of times4 ,for fully five miles we never slackened our speed1 the ,indians keeping in sight of us for fully that distance1 when they gave up the chase4 ,then our stock and ourselves quenched our thirst1 and we continued on at as good a speed as was consistent with our conditions4 ,finally we met ,apostles ,amasa ,m4 ,lyman and ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 with two or three wagons and twelve or fourteen men1 mostly mounted4 ,as it was camp time1 we made a joint camp1 and had no more trouble4 ,if an arrow had been shot at us1 we did not know it1 though there may have been a hundred or more4 ,we did not think it advisable to try to ascertain1 as we felt that our scalps were more precious than this information1 or than money or horseflesh4 ,it was distance between us and the scalping-knife of the red men that we were hunting for just then4 ,we stood double guard that night1 and all passed off peacefully4 ,next morning1 each party proceeded on its way in peace1 we to ,cedar ,fort1 or city1 where we arrived ,may #eth1 and met with many friends4 ,we attended meeting with the people1 ,i was called on to give an account of my mission1 and did so4 ,on ,may #fth1 we proceeded to ,parowan1 and as it was considered safe from there on1 my cousin ,john ,m4 ,brown and ,i stopped there with friends we had not seen for years4 ,the rest of the party1 having the mail in charge1 went ahead1 and we tarried one week1 being royally treated4 ,i preached two or three times4 ,we resumed the journey on the #aeth4 ,in passing along1 ,i preached in most of the towns where we stayed over night4 ,when we came to ,lehi1 ,i commenced to settle with the people whom ,i had money for1 then went on to ,little ,cottonwood and settled with more1 then to ,big ,cottonwood1 where ,i found still others for whom ,i had money4 ,on ,may #bbnd we arrived in ,salt ,lake ,city1 and stopped with our uncle4 ,alexander ,stephens4 ,on the #bcrd1 ,i called at ,president ,brigham ,young's office and reported myself and mission4 ,he received me very kindly1 and welcomed me home again4 ,i also met ,brothers ,h4 ,c4 ,kimball and ,jedediah ,m4 ,grant1 a number of the ,twelve ,apostles1 and other prominent men4 ,all were very courteous1 and expressed pleasure at my safe return4 ,on the #bdth and #beth1 ,i called and settled with all ,i had money1 checks1 or drafts for1 and ,i found them all well1 and much pleased to get the needed relief1 financially4 ,on the #bfth1 as ,i desired to go to ,ogden ,city1 ,i called at ,president ,young's office to bid him good-bye4 ,he kindly invited me to come to the stand in the ,tabernacle on ,june #gth1 to preach4 ,i did so1 though it delayed me in my intended visit to my friends and relatives in ,ogden ,city4 ,when ,i filled that call1 ,i was honorably released from further labors in the missionary field at that time4 ,my mission had occupied three years and eight months1 and cost me every dollar that ,i had when ,i started out4 ,i was then worth fifteen hundred dollars in good property1 which ,i spent2 but ,i never regretted it4 ,the experience that ,i had gained ,i counted worth much more than the money expended4 ,,chapter ,,xl4 ,,travel ,,on ,,foot ,,to ,,ogden--,,well ,,received ,,by ,,relatives ,,and ,,friends--,,reply ,,to ,,inquiries ,,by ,,the ,,people ,,regarding ,,the ,,society ,,islands ,,and ,,the ,,inhabitants ,,thereof--,,called ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,fort ,,hall--,,order ,,countermanded--,,called ,,on ,a ,,mission ,,to ,,the ,,indians--,,design ,,of ,,the ,,mission--,,organization ,,of ,,the ,,company1 ,,and ,,start ,,from ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,hard ,,work ,,of ,,the ,,journey--,,attacked ,,by ,,wolves--,,fatal ,,duel ,,at ,,fort ,,bridger--,,plans ,,of ,,desperadoes--,,we ,,go ,,to ,,smith',s ,,fork--,,build ,a ,,blockhouse--,,arrival ,,of ,,more ,,men ,,and ,,supplies--,,threatening ,,attitude ,,of ,,the ,,indians--,,writer ,,made ,,sergeant ,,of ,,the ,,guard ,,and ,,quartermaster--,,instructions ,,from ,,elder ,,orson ,,hyde--,,life ,,in ,,our ,,new ,,camp--,,cold ,,weather ,,and ,,wild ,,beasts--,,learning ,,the ,,indian ,,language--,,give ,,shelter ,,to ,,indians--,,desperado ,,chief ,,killed ,,by ,,one ,,of ,,his ,,men--,,animals ,,perish ,,from ,,cold ,,and ,,starvation--,,terrific ,,storms ,,and ,,snowdrifts--,,saving ,,our ,,stock--,,shoshone ,,indians ,,ask ,,for ,,and ,,receive ,,assistance--,,hunt ,,for ,,antelope ,,fails--,a ,,bachelor',s ,,dance--,,raising ,a ,,liberty ,,pole--,,partitioning ,,out ,,lands--,,plowing ,,and ,,planting--,,arrival ,,of ,,and ,,instructions ,,by ,,elder ,,orson ,,hyde--,,selections ,,for ,a ,,special ,,mission ,,to ,,the ,,indians--,,organization ,,of ,,green ,,river ,,county4 ,,on ,june #i1 #ahec1 ,i started to ,ogden ,city1 afoot and alone4 ,on the #ajth1 ,i paid out the last quarter of a dollar that ,i had to the ferryman1 to set me across the ,weber ,river1 at ,east ,weber4 ,from there ,i crossed the hills to my ,uncle ,john ,stephens'1 and found him and his family well and pleased to see me4 ,i reciprocated the pleasure1 had dinner and a short visit1 then went on to ,ogden ,city1 where ,i again met with ,cousin ,john ,m4 ,brown and his father's family1 and our two aunts1 ,polly and ,nancy ,brown2 as also more relatives and former friends1 all of whom treated me with much kindness1 and as if the lost had been found4 ,the first ,sabbath after my arrival in ,ogden1 ,i was called on to give a report of my mission1 and to preach4 ,by doing this1 there was a great spirit of inquiry excited about the ,society ,islands and their inhabitants4 ,i found that scarce one in a thousand of the people had the remotest idea of affairs on the islands ,i had been to4 ,the questions asked and the answers given were about like this3 ,q4 ,where are the islands8 ,a4 ,in the ,south ,pacific ,ocean4 ,q4 ,what are they like8 ,a4 ,the spur of a mountain in a vast plain4 ,q4 ,what are the chief products8 ,a4 ,cocoanuts1 oranges1 lemons1 limes1 citrus fruits1 arrowroot1 sweet potatoes or yams 7a species of potato that takes about eighteen months to mature71 coffee1 cotton1 chili pepper1 corn1 rice1 tobacco1 sugarcane2 a root called taro grows in the swamps and somewhat resembles the ,indian turnip that grows in the ,middle ,states1 and on the islands is cultivated for food1 being one of the most staple products2 breadfruit grows in great abundance2 there is a fruit called viapple and another called doava1 neither of which is of much importance4 ,there are also pineapples1 bananas1 and a fruit called feii which grows on a plant like the banana1 and is one of the best and most generally used fruits there4 ,q4 ,is the soil rich8 ,a4 ,yes2 but this is limited to small strips along the coasts and the water courses4 ,q4 ,what kind of a climate is it8 ,a4 ,very hot4 ,papeete1 the capital of ,tahiti1 is in seventeen degrees thirty-two minutes south latitude1 and one hundred and forty-four degrees thirty-four minutes west longitude1 computed from ,greenwich1 and if it were not for the frequent rains1 southerly breezes1 and the constant trade winds1 it would be almost impossible for human beings to live there4 ,q4 ,what kinds of timber grow there8 ,a4 ,various kinds of scrubby timber not known in our country1 chief of which is hutu or tamana1 an excellent timber for shipbuilding1 and for fine furniture2 there is also sandal wood1 the heart being of great value1 as it is used for perfume1 and decorating musical instruments1 work-boxes1 etc4 ,q4 ,having given a brief description of the islands composing the ,society group1 the ,tubuoi and ,tubuoimono archipelago1 and of their principal products1 the next question was3 ,what kind of people inhabit them8 ,a4 ,they are very large in stature1 are brave1 and formerly were very warlike4 ,their complexion is like that of the ,american ,indian1 and their habits are much the same4 ,they are hospitable to a fault4 ,in their heathenish days1 they were idol-worshipers and very devout4 ,originally1 their government was patriarchal1 but as they increased it became tribal1 then confederate4 ,a district of country called monteina would combine for war purposes1 and finally would become a monarchy4 ,thus they had their kings and queens1 and began to have royalty4 ,as to other matters1 there are no native animals1 but of fowls there are such as sea birds1 and the common wild duck2 also of reptiles1 a small1 harmless1 greenish lizard4 ,the greatest insect pests are the nimble flea and the common mosquito1 in numberless quantities4 ,many years ago the people had the smallpox1 and as it was a strange disease to them1 and they were without the knowledge of how to treat it1 they died by hundreds1 if not by thousands4 ,as soon as they learned that it was contagious1 the people fled to the mountains1 and there hid away until their swine and chickens went wild1 in which state these increased1 producing the wild boar and wild chickens1 which are frequently hunted by the people1 and which1 but for the rugged fastnesses of the mountains1 soon would become extinct4 ,,image3 ,a ,,typical ,,tahitian ,,with ,,his ,,burden ,,of ,,bread ,,fruit ,,and ,,feii4 ,i will leave that subject now and return to my own experiences after getting home4 ,i turned my hand to farm labor1 and anything ,i could get to do until the #fth of ,september4 ,then ,major ,moore1 having received orders from ,governor ,young to raise a company of men and send them north to ,fort ,hall1 to protect or assist a company there on some business1 called me to take charge of that company4 ,when we were within three hours of starting1 the order to go was countermanded1 and ,i continued to work for two dollars per day until the #hth of ,october1 when1 at a general conference1 ,i was called1 with several others1 to take a mission to the ,indian tribes east of the ,salt ,lake valley4 ,elder ,orson ,hyde was chosen to lead the company to somewhere in the region of the ,green ,river1 select a place1 and there build an outpost from which to operate as peacemakers among the ,indians1 to preach civilization to them1 to try and teach them how to cultivate the soil1 to instruct them in the arts and sciences if possible1 and by that means prevent trouble for our frontier settlements and emigrant companies4 ,we were to identify our interests with theirs1 even to marrying among them1 if we would be permitted to take the young daughters of the chief and leading men1 and have them dressed like civilized people1 and educated4 ,it was thought that by forming that kind of an alliance we could have more power to do them good1 and keep peace among the adjacent tribes as also with our own people4 ,it was known that there were wicked and cruel white men among the ,indians1 working up the spirit of robbery and murder among the savage tribes1 and against the ,mormon people4 ,our missionary call was to take our lives in our hands1 as true patriots1 and head off1 and operate as far as possible against the wicked plots of white men who were trying to carry their plans to success through the ,indians1 and possibly set the savages on the war path1 that the government might send troops out4 and thus make a better market for the schemers' herds of cattle and horses4 ,from the ,october conference ,i returned to ,ogden ,city1 settled what little business ,i had1 and prepared for the mission1 going to ,salt ,lake ,city on the #aeth1 ready for the work assigned me4 ,there ,i reported myself1 but the majority of the men who had been called at the same time that ,i was were not ready until the #ast of ,november1 when we met in the ,council ,house1 and there effected an organization4 ,it was in the evening1 about #h o'clock1 when we met4 ,there were thirty-nine men who reported themselves ready to start next morning4 ,november #bnd4 ,elders ,orson ,hyde1 ,parley ,p4 ,pratt and ,ezra ,t4 ,benson1 of the ,twelve ,apostles1 were present1 and organized the company by appointing ,elders ,john ,nebeker president and captain1 ,john ,harvey first counselor and lieutenant and ,james ,s4 ,brown second counselor and lieutenant4 ,the captain and lieutenants were so that we might act in a military capacity if necessity required it1 and the president and counselors were for ecclesiastical affairs4 ,the officers were blessed and set apart by the three ,apostles named4 ,the ,apostles told the members of the company that they would be blessed equally with the officers if they would be prayerful1 do their duty1 and hearken to and be united with their officers4 ,we were also told that some of us might have to take ,indian wives4 ,on ,november #bnd twenty wagons1 with one hundred and ten head of cattle1 horses and mules1 were ready for a start4 ,to each man there was three hundred pounds of flour1 seventy-five pounds of seed wheat1 and forty pounds of seed potatoes4 ,each man fitted himself up with such other provisions and seed as he chose or could do4 ,we started out at #a o'clock p4m41 and that night camped in ,emigration ,canyon4 ,we crossed the ,little ,mountain on ,november #crd4 ,having to double teams1 we made slow headway1 and only got to within four miles of the ,big ,mountain4 ,on the #eth1 we crossed that1 and camped at its eastern base4 ,the road was very bad1 so that we made but few miles on the #fth1 and camped in the foothills1 where our stock was attacked about #c o'clock a4m4 by a pack of big gray wolves1 which were so savage that every man had to be called out to fight them4 ,the night was very dark1 and we fired guns1 built fires in a circle around the stock1 and stayed with them till daylight4 ,yet1 with all that1 some of the milch cows had part of their udders torn off1 while others were badly gashed as by a sharp knife4 ,by hard work we succeeded in preventing the wolves killing any of our animals1 and then got an early start on the morning of the #gth4 ,as we were heavily loaded1 and the roads very rough1 we did not reach ,fort ,bridger until ,november #aeth4 ,at that place there were twelve or fifteen rough mountain men4 ,they seemed to be very surly and suspicious of us and the spirit of murder and death appeared to be lurking in their minds4 ,many of our party could feel that terrible influence and made remarks about it4 ,it was not long till we were informed by some of the party at the fort that two men there had fought a duel the night before with butcher knives1 and both were killed4 ,the others of the party had dug a hole and had thrown both men into it as they had fallen and died--clasped in each other's arms4 ,thus the gloom and cloud of death that we had felt so plainly was partially explained4 ,we passed one and a half miles above the fort1 and camped on ,black's ,fork4 ,that night it snowed about six inches4 ,we learned from the men at ,fort ,bridger that fifteen or twenty mountain men had moved over on to ,henry's ,fork1 and that the ,ute ,indians were coming over there to winter4 ,that was the place we were heading for1 and some of the roughest men of the mountains were claiming that as their country4 ,our information now being that there was a well-organized band of from seventy-five to a hundred desperadoes in the vicinity of ,green ,river1 at the very point that we had hoped to occupy with our little company1 the situation was serious2 and with snow on the ground1 to decide what to do was an important matter4 ,we broke camp and passed over the divide to ,smith's ,fork4 ,there the ,spirit seemed to forbid us going any farther1 and we held a short consultation1 which resulted in the appointment of a committee of five1 of which the writer was one4 ,this committee followed up the creek to a point where the water comes down through the foothills1 and there1 between the forks of the stream1 selected a spot for winter quarters1 and to build a blockhouse4 ,then they returned and made their report1 which was accepted by the captain and his men4 ,the camp was moved to the chosen ground on ,november #bgth4 ,we at once pitted our potatoes1 the committee named being retained to draft and superintend the erection of the blockhouse4 ,the writer made the plans of the blockhouse1 which was built with four wings1 or rooms1 of equal size2 these1 uniting at the corners1 formed a center room1 which was built two stories high4 ,all the rooms were provided with port holes1 the center being used for storage1 and the upper for a guardhouse1 from which the country around could be overlooked4 ,the plan being accepted1 every man went to work with a will1 and in two weeks the house was ready for occupancy4 ,this was not an hour too soon1 for the weather was very cold and threatening4 ,on the #bfth1 ,captain ,isaac ,bullock came in with fifty-three men and twenty-five wagons4 ,when they joined us our company was ninety-two strong1 all well armed2 and when our blockhouse was completed we felt safer than ever4 ,the work of building was continued until all were comfortably housed in log cabins1 and a heavy log corral was constructed for our stock in case of an emergency4 ,we had not been settled down long1 when some of the mountaineers paid us a visit and applauded our energy and enterprise4 ,notwithstanding that1 we could easily discern a feeling of envy on their part4 ,in consequence1 we did not feel any too safe1 especially when the snow became deep between our friends and ourselves1 for we frequently heard that the ,ute ,indians1 then a very warlike and hostile tribe1 were threatening to come upon us from the east1 by an open country4 ,under the circumstances1 we could see the wisdom of our military organization2 and as we had to have a regular guard1 we found that we must have a sergeant thereof2 accordingly1 the author was elected to fill that position1 and as we had several beef cattle and other provisions in common1 a commissary or quartermaster was necessary1 and the sergeant was called to fill that position also4 ,we further perfected our organization by electing a captain for every ten men4 ,we were also instructed to keep our firearms in perfect order1 and to have our powder dry1 that we might be prepared for any emergency4 ,thus provided for1 we continued to get out fencing limber1 and exploring parties were sent out1 which acted as scouts1 and we learned the resources of the country1 and sought out every advantage4 ,it was on ,december #h when ,apostle ,orson ,hyde came into camp4 ,he preached to us that evening1 and gave many words of encouragement4 ,on the #ith he examined our work and defenses4 ,he was highly pleased with the country1 and applauded our choice of location2 in fact1 he seemed generally well pleased with what we had done4 ,he preached again1 and gave us much cheer and sound instructions4 ,we prepared our mail in answer to the one he had brought us1 and on the #ajth he set out on his return trip1 every one feeling blessed by his visit4 ,in our religious and social arrangements1 we held regular meetings1 had lectures on different subjects1 organized a debating society1 and had readings4 ,on ,december #bf1 ,f4 ,m4 ,perkins and a party returned from ,salt ,lake ,city1 bringing much interesting news1 and also supplies of food4 ,on the #bhth1 the weather was so cold that we had to abandon outdoor work4 ,wolves became troublesome to our stock1 so we put strychnine and set traps for the wild beasts1 which killed several head of cattle and one of the strongest horses in our band4 ,the wolves were very numerous1 and when they band1 as they do sometimes1 and did then1 it is almost impossible for any kind of stock to escape without some loss4 ,yet1 with rifle1 trap and poison1 we kept about even with our ravenous enemies4 ,january #a1 #ahed1 the weather was fine4 ,on the #eth cold and storms came1 and we also heard more threatening news from the ,ute ,indians2 but this did not alarm us much1 though it prompted us to increased diligence in looking after our stock4 ,there was some dissatisfaction about guard duty1 as some thought there was too much of it to suit them1 and felt that others should stand two hours to their one2 but that was soon settled and we continued our studies in the ,shoshone ,indian dialect1 having ,elisha ,b4 ,ward1 an old mountaineer and trapper1 and his ,indian wife1 ,sally1 to assist us4 ,then there was an ,indian family of four who got starved out and came to us for help4 ,we took them in1 fed them1 and gave them a room to themselves4 ,then ,sally's brother1 ,indian ,john1 and his wife1 ,madam1 came1 so that we took them in and fed them4 ,this condition afforded us increased facilities for studying the ,shoshone dialect1 which we carefully availed ourselves of4 ,about this time1 ,louis ,tromley1 a ,frenchman1 stabbed ,samuel ,callwell4 ,the affair took place near ,fort ,bridger4 ,callwell was said to be at the head of the gang of desperadoes who plied their vocation from ,bridger to ,green ,river1 and back on the emigrant route to ,laramie2 he was a large1 trim built man1 about six feet six inches tall1 and very daring4 ,but after a bowie knife was plunged into his vitals he did not survive long1 dying in about twenty-four hours from the time he received the fatal wound4 ,tromley was one of ,callwell's band1 and made his escape4 ,it was thought by some that if his victim had lived he would have made trouble for us1 but this quarrel gave the gang something else to do4 ,we continued our labors and studies2 yet with all the opportunities at hand1 there were only about six of us out of the ninety-two that made even fair progress in learning the ,indian tongue4 ,on ,february #g1 we received more mail4 ,about the #bbnd we lost many of our cattle from starvation and cold4 ,deep snows fell1 and drifted so that our houses were completely buried1 and from the south side we could walk right up on top of our cabins1 while on the north the snow drifted to the tops of the doors1 and packed so hard in one night that it had to be cut out with the spade1 the large chunks being laid back on the floor until we could get out far enough to clear the houses4 ,this condition continued for many days4 ,on ,march #h1 the wind blew fearfully1 and the snow drifted so deep that we had to break snow roads1 and then drive our poor cattle and horses from point to point where the snow had been blown off1 leaving the grass bare4 ,in this way many of our animals were saved4 ,on the #abth of ,march1 a party of fifteen or twenty ,shoshone ,indians came and pitched camp close to the blockhouse4 ,they were very hungry1 and we divided bread with them1 that being the only kind of food we had left2 and in turn their presence afforded us better opportunity to study their language and customs1 a knowledge of the latter being essential to the successful interpreter4 ,on ,march #ah1 more hungry ,indians came4 ,they appeared almost starved1 and they begged until they became a nuisance2 yet we divided with them1 and ran ourselves short before our store could be replenished4 ,on the #bgth we turned out on a general hunt for antelope2 at this time we were living on bread and water4 ,our hunt failed1 as it was probable the starving ,indians had killed or run off all the game from that part of the country4 ,on the #bith the weather was still blustery1 with heavy snow4 ,we cleared the blockhouse1 and had a jolly dance1 to drive dull care away4 ,there being no ladies to join with us1 we christened it the bachelor's dance4 ,april #ast came1 and we cleared the snow and ice from our houses4 ,on the #eth we received another mail from ,salt ,lake ,city1 and on the #fth we hoisted the first liberty pole that was raised in ,green ,river ,county to spread the ,stars and ,stripes of the ,united ,states of ,america to the mountain breeze4 ,on the #agth there was continuous snow and rain1 making very disagreeable weather4 ,committees were appointed to select and stake off the farm land1 the writer being on one of the committees4 ,we also placed out picket guards and chose men to herd our stock1 and corral them at night4 ,on the #ahth we started the plows1 marking to each mess their portion1 as the committee had been directed to do4 ,from the #bcrd to the #bfth we had cold1 snowy weather4 ,on the #bhth ,president ,nebeker and ,c4 ,merkley started for ,salt ,lake ,city1 and on ,may #ast ,d4 ,r4 ,perkins and some others left for their homes4 ,the rest of the company continued to plow and plant4 ,on the #gth it snowed1 and on the #hth ,apostle ,orson ,hyde came with twenty-five new men1 bringing us a fresh supply of provisions4 ,this supply was very much appreciated1 for we were1 and had been for some weeks1 living on bread alone4 ,the new company also brought our mail4 ,i had eleven letters1 all containing good news from home4 ,elder ,hyde preached to us on the evening of the #ith1 and we had good cheer2 everyone seemed to be encouraged4 ,we also held a council meeting to select ,elders to go to the ,indian camps1 and learn as near as possible the feeling of the red men1 and their movements1 and to carry out the object of our mission4 ,in that meeting1 ,elder ,hyde called on the council for four or five ,elders to volunteer to go east and hunt up the ,indian camps4 ,there were seven volunteered1 namely1 ,e4 ,b4 ,ward1 ,isaac ,bullock1 ,john ,harvey1 ,j4 ,arnold1 ,w4 ,s4 ,muir1 ,james ,s4 ,brown and one other whose name ,i have lost4 ,elder ,hyde said that ,e4 ,b4 ,ward1 ,isaac ,bullock1 and ,james ,s4 ,brown were three accepted from that list1 while ,james ,davis was taken for the fourth4 ,the persons named were then sustained by the vote of the council1 without a dissenting voice4 ,elder ,hyde gave us some instructions1 and said the party would start in one week from that day1 or as much sooner as they chose4 ,the council meeting then adjourned1 and ,judge ,w4 ,i4 ,appleby organized the county of ,green ,river by appointing the officers therefor1 ,mr4 ,appleby having been duly commissioned as judge1 and authorized to act in the capacity in which he did4 ,,chapter ,,xli4 ,,set ,,apart ,,by ,,elder ,,hyde ,,for ,,our ,,special ,,mission--,,blessing ,,conferred ,,on ,,the ,,writer--,,discontent ,,in ,,camp--,,unity ,,again ,,prevails--,,start ,,on ,,our ,,journey--,,warned ,,at ,,green ,,river ,,to ,,go ,,no ,,farther--,,not ,,deterred ,,from ,,performing ,,our ,,mission--,,proceed ,,on ,,our ,,journey--,,futile ,,chase ,,after ,,buffalo--,,scarcity ,,of ,,water--,a ,,welcome ,,snow ,,storm--,,reach ,,the ,,camp ,,of ,,washakie1 ,,the ,,shoshone ,,chief--,,received ,,with ,,caution--,,tell ,,the ,,chief ,,the ,,object ,,of ,,our ,,visit--,,give ,,him ,,bread ,,and ,,sugar--,,boiled ,,buffalo ,,for ,,an ,,epicure--,,indian ,,powwow ,,called--,,proceedings ,,at ,,the ,,council--,,objection ,,to ,,one ,,of ,,our ,,propositions1 ,,which ,,we ,,were ,,not ,,annoyed ,,at--,,recital ,,of ,,how ,,government ,,agents ,,sought ,,to ,,supplant ,,washakie ,,as ,,chief--,,washakie ,a ,,great ,,orator4 ,,another meeting was held on the #ajth of ,may1 and ,elder ,hyde preached again4 ,then he called on those who had been selected for the mission1 told us to be wise as serpents and harmless as doves1 to be cautious and do all the good that we could to the red men1 and said that ,god would bless us4 ,he also said1 ,i do not know which to appoint for the leader1 ,brother ,brown or ,brother ,bullock4 ,they are both good men1 but as ,brother ,bullock is the eldest1 he may have more experience4 ,he then blessed us1 and promised me in my blessing that angels should go before me1 the visions of the ,lord should be open to my view1 and no weapon that was raised against me should prosper1 but that ,i should go forth in the power and demonstration of the ,lord ,god1 and be mighty in gathering ,israel4 ,then he further instructed the party1 and turned again to me1 pronouncing more blessings in line with those he had given4 ,elder ,hyde then started on his return trip home1 and we prepared ourselves as speedily as consistent for our expedition into a country mostly unknown to us4 ,april #aath and #abth were blustery1 and there was snow4 ,a reaction of spirit took place among the brethren of the camp1 or probably it would be more proper to say that another spirit came upon the camp--a spirit of great discontent4 ,for a time it seemed as if it would break up the mission1 but finally it was overcome1 and all went well again4 ,on the #acth of ,april we set out on our journey1 and went to ,green ,river the first day1 through rain and sleet part of the time4 ,at ,green ,river we found about thirty of the roughest kind of mountain men1 engaged in drinking1 gambling and carousing4 ,some ,frenchmen1 ,mexicans or ,greasers1 ,indians1 half-breeds1 and some ,americans of a low class1 associated there1 and insisted on us dining with them1 and were very hospitable4 ,they warned us not to venture any farther in the direction that we were going1 saying that if we did so we would not return alive--that there would not be a grease spot left of us4 ,this statement corresponded with what we had heard before1 yet it did not deter us4 ,there were in the crowd1 ,joshua ,terry1 also four ,spaniards from the west1 bound for ,taos1 ,new ,mexico4 ,they joined us1 and we crossed the river1 which was so deep that it was all that we possibly could do to ford it4 ,the venture was harder than we expected it to be1 but we succeeded1 and struck out for the head of ,bitter ,creek1 via ,pilot ,butte1 making all the distance consistent with the condition of our animals4 ,when we reached ,bitter ,creek1 we followed up to the head1 then bore to the southeast1 crossing a high1 dry country1 for two days without water1 then came in sight of a small herd of buffalo4 ,the ,mexicans1 with ,ward and ,davis1 gave chase to the herd1 while ,bullock and ,i kept on our course with the pack animals1 guided across the plains by mountain peaks and openings in the range of mountains4 ,the hunters did not rejoin us until the latter part of the next day4 ,they succeeded in killing one poor buffalo bull1 and were so thirsty that they opened the tripe and drank the liquid it contained1 to save their lives1 for they were so far gone as not to be able to bring any portion of the carcass to camp4 ,that day we came across a shallow pool of water1 where we rested a short time4 ,we had been told that by crossing the country in the direction we were going we would be sure to strike the ,indian trail leading in toward the headwaters of the ,platte ,river2 consequently we continued on till we came to the main divide between the waters of the east and the west4 ,there ,joshua ,terry and the ,spaniards parted with us1 and we kept along on the divide1 or summit of the ,rocky ,mountains1 between the ,platte and the ,rio ,grande1 while they passed over4 ,that night we camped on the divide1 and had a snowstorm on us1 in which we were fortunate1 as by that means we obtained water for ourselves and animals4 ,the next day we struck the trail of a few ,indians1 and by following it up five or six miles reached another trail which it ran into4 ,this we continued to follow until #c p4m41 when we came to the camp of ,washakie1 the ,shoshone ,indian chief4 ,the first ,indian we met would not speak when we accosted him4 ,he shook his head1 and pointed to the chief's lodge4 ,that spirit of mum seemed to pervade the entire camp1 and when we rode up in front of the chief's lodge1 that ,indian dignitary came out1 bowed1 and shook hands with each one of us1 but without uttering a word4 ,by gestures he invited us to dismount1 come in1 sit down1 and tell the truth regarding our errand to his camp1 but no lies4 ,then he had some clean1 nice robes spread for us4 ,at the same time his women folks came out1 taking our horses by the bits4 ,we dismounted1 and took seats as invited4 ,the chief and ourselves were all mum until the horses had been unsaddled1 and everything belonging to us had been put under the bottom of the lodge1 just to the rear of where we sat4 ,these proceedings being over1 the chief said3 ,who are you1 from where do you come1 and what is your errand to my country8 ,then1 by gestures1 he said1 ,tell me the truth2 do not tell me any lies1 nor talk any crooked talk4 ,here he paused1 and1 by motions1 invited us to reply4 ,we told him we were ,mormons1 from the ,salt ,lake country1 sent by the big ,mormon captain1 to make the acquaintance of him and his people1 that we might talk and be friendly with them1 as we wished them to be friendly with us and with all good people1 as also with all the ,indian tribes1 for we all had one ,peap 7father71 and it was not pleasing to ,him to see ,his children nabitink 7fight74 ,we said the ,great ,father had told our chief many things about all the ,indian tribes1 and one part of our business was to learn better the ,indian dialects1 manners and customs1 so that we could tell the ,indians what the ,great ,spirit had told our big captain about them4 ,another part was to warn them that it would not be many snows before the game of their country would be killed off or disappear1 and we wished to tell them1 and to show them how to till the earth1 and raise stock1 and build houses1 like the white man did1 so that when the game was all gone their wives and children would not starve to death4 ,we said that some of us might want to come out into his country and marry some of their good daughters and rear families by them4 ,we would educate them1 so they could read some good books that we had1 and from them they could learn more about the ,great ,father1 or ,spirit4 ,washakie sat and listened very attentively until we were through1 when he said1 ,wait a while4 ,my little children are very hungry for some of the white man's food1 and they want some sugar4 ,at that we gave him all the bread and sugar we had4 ,he passed it to his wife1 who in turn distributed it to the hungry little ones4 ,then1 without another word1 the chief walked out1 but soon returned4 ,his wife then set a camp kettle partly filled with buffalo beef that had been partially dried4 ,if ,i should tell the stranger to ,indian customs how it was seasoned1 ,i doubt not he would say4 ,i could not eat of such food4 ,i know ,i should starve to death first4 ,but stop1 my friend1 do not be too positive about that4 ,these ,indians have a custom among them that when they kill a buffalo they skin it1 leaving the carcass on the hide2 then they slice the flesh in long strips1 remove the bones1 turn the contents of the tripe over the meat1 thoroughly knead or mix it all through the beef1 and1 with a slight shake1 hang the meat on a horse rope or lay it on some sticks for a few hours2 then they put it into a camp kettle and boil it1 when it is ready for their guests4 ,such was part of the life on the great western plains in #ahed4 ,supper over1 the council of the camp began to file in2 the pipe was lit1 and a rude figure of some of the planets drawn in the ashes of the fire that occupied the center of the lodge4 ,then the old man sitting on the left of the chief held the pipe1 we having been seated on the right of the chief4 ,the latter commenced1 and told the story of our visit1 from the time we came into the lodge up to that moment4 ,it was told without interruption1 and then the pipe was started on its way1 following the course of the sun4 ,every man except the one holding the pipe put his hand over his mouth1 and sat perfectly silent and still4 ,the one with the pipe took from one to three long draws1 allowing the smoke from the last one to escape gradually through his nostrils1 at the same time passing the pipe with his right hand to the next person2 then1 if he had anything to say1 he did it in as few words as possible1 and put his hand over his mouth1 thus signifying that he had no more to say4 ,occasionally some old man1 when he took the pipe1 made some signs above and in front of him1 struck himself on the breast and offered a few words of prayer4 ,thus the pipe was whiffed by all the ,indians of the council1 and was then passed into the hands of the white men1 who1 in turn1 took a whiff as a vow of peace and friendship4 ,then the pipe went to the chief1 who glanced around the circle1 and1 as every man's hand was over his mouth1 the chief summed up the subject in a few words1 but always to the point4 ,there being no appeal from this decision1 it is usual at the conclusion of councils for some one present to walk through the camp and cry aloud that portion intended for the public1 or if it is an order for the whole camp1 they get it in the same way4 ,this crier was called the high ranger of the camp4 ,in our case1 the only objection that was raised to our proposition was when we suggested that some of us might want to take some of the young ,indian women for wives4 ,one old and wise counselor said1 ,no1 for we have not got daughters enough for our own men1 and we cannot afford to give our daughters to the white man1 but we are willing to give him an ,indian girl for a white girl4 ,i cannot see why a white man wants an ,indian girl4 ,they are dirty1 ugly1 stubborn and cross1 and it is a strange idea for white men to want such wives4 ,but ,i can see why an ,indian wants a white woman4 ,then the old man drew a graphic picture of the contrast he was making1 and we gave up that point without pursuing our suit farther4 ,chief ,washakie1 however1 said the white men might look around1 and if any one of us found a girl that would go with him1 it would be all right1 but the ,indians must have the same privilege among the white men4 ,with this the council ended4 ,at that time ,washakie told us that only a few snows before then he was chief of all the ,shoshones1 and the ,indians acknowledged him as such1 but he was called to ,fort ,laramie1 to have a talk with the agents of the big father at ,washington1 and to receive blankets and many other things4 ,there the agents called a quiet1 unobtrusive man1 who never had been a chief1 nor was in the line of chiefs1 and designated him as head of the ,shoshones1 telling the ,indians they must have him as chief1 and respect him as such1 and that they1 the agents1 would recognize him in that position1 and through him they would do all government business4 ,then the agents passed out a great quantity of blankets and other ,indian goods1 through their appointed chief4 ,in this act1 the ,indians saw that the agents had chosen a favorite of their own1 so the red men called him ,tavendu-wets 7the white man's child71 but never recognized him as chief4 ,that act of the government agents was the opening wedge to divide the ,shoshone tribe into discontented factions1 and thereby weaken it4 ,possibly that was the purpose in view1 for before that the tribe was very powerful1 with a chief at their head unexcelled for bravery1 skill and farsightedness4 ,chief ,washakie was a bold1 noble1 hospitable1 and honorable man4 ,as an orator1 ,i think he surpassed any man ,i ever met4 ,,chapter ,,xlii4 ,,leave ,,washakie',s ,,camp ,,for ,,the ,,other ,,portion ,,of ,,the ,,shoshone ,,tribe--,,indian ,,guide ,,leaves ,,us--,,following ,a ,,trail--,,sight ,,the ,,other ,,camp--,,war ,,songs ,,and ,,dances--,,indians ,,preparing ,,for ,,war--,,chief ,,gives ,,up ,,his ,,lodge ,,to ,,us1 ,,warning ,,us ,,of ,,men ,,in ,,his ,,camp ,,he ,,cannot ,,control--,,indian ,,braves ,,in ,,war ,,paint--,,surrounded ,,by ,,fifteen ,,hundred ,,or ,,two ,,thousand ,,indians--,,learn ,,that ,l4 ,b4 ,,ryan1 ,a ,,white ,,desperado ,,chief1 ,,is ,,in ,,camp1 ,,and ,,has ,,sworn ,,vengeance ,,on ,,mormons--,,escape ,,seems ,,impossible1 ,,but ,,we ,,trust ,,in ,,god--,,retire ,,for ,,the ,,night--,,ryan ,,and ,,seven ,,warriors ,,at ,,our ,,lodge--,,ryan ,,enters ,,and ,,demands ,,to ,,know ,,where ,,we ,,are ,,from1 ,,and ,,our ,,business--,,he ,,is ,,told1 ,,threatens ,,us1 ,,and ,,summons ,,his ,,indian ,,braves ,,inside ,,our ,,lodge--,,though ,,the ,,enemy ,,are ,,two ,,to ,,one1 ,,we ,,are ,,ready ,,for ,,them--,,prepare ,,for ,a ,,fight ,,to ,,the ,,death--,,ryan ,,and ,,his ,,men ,,leave ,,the ,,lodge--,,war ,,dance ,,outside--,,we ,,conclude ,,to ,,sell ,,our ,,lives ,,as ,,dearly ,,as ,,possible--,,war ,,party ,,approach ,,the ,,lodge ,,and ,,slit ,,it ,,in ,a ,,number ,,of ,,places1 ,,then ,,suddenly ,,depart--,,our ,,lives ,,being ,,spared1 ,,we ,,remain ,,in ,,camp ,,till ,,next ,,day--,,the ,,chief ,,befriends ,,us1 ,,warning ,,us ,,not ,,to ,,return ,,the ,,way ,,we ,,came--,,dispute ,,as ,,to ,,the ,,route ,,of ,,travel1 ,,and ,,how ,,it ,,is ,,settled--,,satisfied ,,that ,,ryan ,,intended ,,to ,,ambush ,,us--,,rainstorm ,,obliterates ,,our ,,tracks--,,camp ,,in ,,the ,,rain--,,on ,,the ,,alert ,,for ,,an ,,enemy--,,shoot ,a ,,buffalo--,,ward ,,and ,,davis ,,give ,,chase1 ,,while ,,bullock ,,and ,i ,,continue ,,on ,,our ,,route--,,camp ,,at ,a ,,wash--,,bullock ,,taken ,,very ,,ill--,a ,,terrible ,,night--,,ward ,,and ,,davis ,,not ,,returning ,,by ,,morning1 ,,we ,,move ,,on--,,fear ,,that ,,bullock ,,will ,,die--,,discover ,,our ,,comrades ,,in ,,the ,,canyon--,,being ,,hungry1 ,,we ,,overeat--,,another ,,night ,,of ,,sickness--,,emerge ,,from ,,the ,,canyon--,,press ,,forward ,,to ,,green ,,river--,,welcomed ,,by ,,friends--,,three ,,of ,,our ,,party ,,go ,,onto ,,fort ,,supply1 ,,and ,i ,,remain ,,to ,,meet ,,chief ,,washakie4 ,,the morning after the council1 ,chief ,washakie asked us where we were going to from his camp4 ,we said we wished to go to ,white ,man's ,child's camp of ,shoshones4 ,said he1 ,maybe that is good1 maybe not4 ,i don't know4 ,i hear there are bad men over there4 ,i don't know4 ,as there was no trail leading to that camp1 we asked him to send a guide with us4 ,he replied1 ,maybe one go4 ,our horses having been brought up1 we saddled them1 and after a good friendly shake of the hand of the chief and of some of his council1 we started to the southeast1 with a young brave on the lead4 ,when we had traveled about twenty miles1 our guide disappeared over a ridge1 but as we had come to a trail it did not matter to us so long as we could see pony tracks to follow4 ,still a feeling of mistrust lurked within us1 as it had done all day4 ,we discussed the matter1 but could see no other way open than to press forward4 ,soon we ascended a hill1 from the top of which we could hear a drum1 then many voices in a war song4 ,as we rounded a little point of the hill we saw numerous lodges1 and what appeared to be thousands of ,indians4 ,a large proportion of the latter were dancing and singing songs4 ,about this time we felt a heavy feeling1 and were certain that the spirit of murder was in the ,indian camp4 ,everybody we met until we came to the chief's lodge looked as if they were going to war1 judging by the expression of their eyes4 ,the chief came slowly out1 coolly shook hands with us1 ordered our stock taken care of1 and a dish of boiled meat set before us4 ,then his family left the lodge1 taking their effects1 leaving only three robes for us4 ,the sun was just setting1 and the chief said we could occupy his lodge that night1 as he was going away1 being afraid to stop there1 as there were men in camp that he could not control4 ,then he walked off and out of sight4 ,at this time three braves came by in their war paint1 stepping along very lightly1 and stripped and armed as if ready for a fight4 ,they took a sharp glance at us1 then passed on up the creek1 to where the singing and dancing were going on4 ,then war whoops rent the air1 and we were alone around the campfire4 ,there we were1 surrounded by three hundred ,indian lodges1 and between fifteen hundred and two thousand ,indians1 principally ,shoshones1 though there were ,cheyennes and ,arapahoes mixed with them1 for trading purposes1 we supposed4 ,it was dark1 our horses had been taken away1 we knew not where1 and we were between four and five hundred miles from any source of protection1 so far as we knew4 ,the chief had confessed his inability to control some men in his camp1 and had acknowledged that he was afraid to stop in his own lodge1 he and his family seeking safer quarters4 ,we were also without food1 and the shadow of death seemed to hover over and close around us1 while the war song and dance were heard plainly4 ,we had also learned that ,l4 ,b4 ,ryan1 successor to ,samuel ,callwell as chief of the organized band of desperadoes1 was at that time beating up and organizing a war party to carry on his nefarious work of robbery1 and that he had sworn vengeance on the first ,mormons that he met4 ,we believed that he was the uncontrollable power that the chief had referred to4 ,under these circumstances1 it was a grave question as to what we could do for the best4 ,escape by flight was impossible1 and as for attempting to fight three hundred to one1 that was folly4 ,then what should we do8 ,put our trust in ,god1 and go to bed1 and if we were killed we wouldn't have to fall4 ,this was our conclusion1 so we attended prayers1 and retired about #h o'clock4 ,soon the drum and some kind of whistle were heard drawing closer to us4 ,in a few minutes our outdoor fire was surrounded by ,l4 ,b4 ,ryan and seven young warriors1 all well armed with ,colt's revolvers4 ,the ,indians had bows and arrows in hand1 ready for action4 ,their paleface companion undoubtedly was the leader4 ,after a brief pause1 ,ryan came into the lodge and squatted down just opposite to where ,bullock and ,i lay4 ,he picked up a stick of wood1 and with a cutlass chipped off pieces and stirred up the coals1 starting a bright light4 ,then he said4 ,gentlemen1 where do you hail from1 and what is your business here8 ,mr4 ,bullock being spokesman1 informed him that we were from ,utah1 and our business in part was to get acquainted with the ,indians1 to ascertain the openings for trade1 and to look out the resources of the country4 ,ryan continued1 ,gentlemen1 if you have got any papers for me1 bring them out4 ,i have been robbed by the ,mormons of my bottom dollar1 and by the eternal gods ,i am going to have revenge4 ,he then smote the billet of wood a heavy blow1 at which signal the seven braves filed into the lodge1 and squatted in order1 with bows tightly corded1 and arrows in hand4 ,ward1 ,davis1 and ,i1 were fully prepared to meet the attack as best we could4 ,bullock having the talking to do1 was not so well prepared1 until ,i rubbed his ribs with my bowie knife handle1 when he got ready as quickly as possible4 ,there were eight against four1 all inside of one ,indian lodge1 watching for the signal from ,ryan1 and we would have acted promptly on his signal1 or that of one of his braves1 and without doubt would have got our share of the game1 in exchanging lead for arrows4 ,it is possible that ,ryan took the same view1 for he suddenly rose up and walked out1 the warriors following him4 ,they closed the lodge door behind them1 thus giving us the opportunity to consult1 while they held their council and danced around the fire and sang4 ,we hastily concluded that if they entered again it would be to massacre our party1 and that if they began to come in we would fire on them the moment they opened the deerskin door4 ,i1 being in the most convenient position1 was to give the first shot1 presuming that ,ryan would be in the lead1 and we would be sure to dispose of him in that way4 ,meanwhile1 all the rest would fire into the war party1 whose shadows could be seen through the lodge1 as they were between it and a big outdoor fire4 ,the next move on our part was for ,davis1 who lay most convenient to the back part of the lodge1 to make with his knife as large an opening as possible in the lodge1 that we might escape through it into the creek that passed near by1 the banks of which were only six or eight feet high4 ,our decision was that the moment we left the lodge every man was to try and if possible make his escape1 no matter what the conditions might be1 so that if either one of us could get away1 and tell where he last saw the rest1 it might be some satisfaction to our friends and relatives4 ,then each man took the most easy position to act his part1 made ready his firelock1 and held it with finger on the trigger4 ,just then the party outside came around in their dance circle1 straight for the lodge door1 ,ryan in the lead4 ,they sang and danced right up to the door1 but did not lift it4 ,next they circled around the lodge1 and with their scalping knives1 or some other sharp instruments1 slit the lodge in a number of places4 ,then1 as they came around to the front1 they gave a war whoop1 and passed up the creek in the direction whence they came4 ,thus we still lived1 and were spared the awful necessity of shedding man's blood1 even in self-defense1 thanks be to ,god for ,his protection and mercies4 ,still the clouds hung so low1 and so thickly around1 that we could not feel safe in an attempt to leave camp4 ,next morning the chief sent us some boiled buffalo beef1 and called and talked a few moments4 ,he impressed us with the fact that the danger was not yet over1 and that we were safer in his lodge and camp than we would be out of it1 so we contented ourselves as best we could by loitering around1 while the drum and the whistling reeds of the war party1 and the wild shouts1 continued all day4 ,at last night came1 and we turned in1 as we had done the evening before1 with all our clothes1 arms and boots on4 ,,image3 ,a ,,war ,,party ,,of ,,shoshones ,,dancing ,,around ,,their ,,prisoners ,,while ,,in ,,the ,,chief',s ,,lodge ,nothing occurred that night to mar our peace1 but the ever threatening din of the drum and the savage yell of the red man4 ,again the morning light broke over us1 and our scalps were still in place1 but the very elements seemed to say1 ,stay in camp4 ,the ,spirit whispered to every one of us the same thing4 ,we were a unit1 and therefore lingered in the place1 closely watching every move4 ,finally the chief came1 and our horses were brought4 ,this was at about #a o'clock p4m4 ,then1 as plainly as ever we saw the clouds in the firmament break and scatter1 we felt the clouds of death begin to part4 ,we waited no longer2 our horses were saddled1 packs were put in place1 and the chief gave us a slight indication1 letting us understand that it was a good time to move4 ,at that moment ,ryan and his allies came up1 apparently changed in their behavior4 ,ryan inquired of us by what route we intended to return4 ,mr4 ,bullock said we expected to go to ,washakie's camp1 and thence back by the same route we had come on4 ,immediately the chief stepped away into the brush1 we mounted1 and saying good-bye1 started down the creek4 ,a few moments later1 as we rounded a bend1 the chief popped out of the brush just in front of and so as to meet us4 ,without seeming to notice us in the least1 he said1 ,do not go the way you said you would1 for there are men in my camp that ,i cannot control4 ,brother ,bullock did not catch the idea1 but the other three of us did4 ,we understood his action as well as his words4 ,soon we came to where we had got to decide which course we would take4 ,brother ,bullock was determined to keep his word1 and go by the route that he had told ,ryan he would do1 but the three others were a unit in insisting on taking another way4 ,we told him we understood perfectly the chief1 that if we went by that route we would be ambushed1 and every soul of us would be killed4 ,still ,brother ,bullock insisted on keeping his word with the ,indians2 and more1 he had promised ,washakie that he would return by his camp4 ,then ,ward and ,davis came straight out and said they knew that meant death1 and they would not follow on that trail2 so they started off another way4 ,at this juncture ,i said3 ,brother ,bullock1 ,i never deserted my file-leader in my life1 and ,i will not do it now4 ,i will follow you to the death1 for ,i am certain that path leads there1 and if you persist in going that way ,i will follow1 and will claim my blood at your hands1 for the others1 the three of us1 see alike4 ,then ,ward and ,davis turned and said that on the same conditions as those ,i had named they would go with ,brother ,bullock2 but the latter said the price was too great1 and he would go with us1 but he very much regretted breaking his word with the red man4 ,every minute was precious at that time4 ,we were well satisfied that ,ryan would not shrink to do from ambush what he had hesitated to do in the chief's lodge1 and that if he could strike our trail he would do it to the death2 so we made the best speed consistent with the conditions surrounding us4 ,as we were passing up the long slope of the mountain1 and while yet almost in sight of the camp1 a small1 dense1 black cloud arose in the south4 ,it passed in our rear and over the ,indian camp1 and torrents of rain seemed to fall there1 while we were caught only in the storm's edge4 ,thus our tracks were completely obliterated4 ,soon we came into a trail leading along our way1 and followed it to quite a bold running creek4 ,as the rain had ceased where we were1 to further elude our enemies we followed up in the bed of the creek until we came to a rocky ridge which led us up among the cliffs1 where it would be difficult for any one to follow us and make much headway4 ,while there among the rocks1 ,ward and ,davis saw an old mountain sheep1 which they pursued and captured1 but he fell in a place so difficult of access1 and night coming on1 that it was impossible to get but a small portion of him4 ,bullock and ,i kept on our course1 and were overtaken by our companions just at dark4 ,we pushed on as quickly as possible1 for the rain was coming on in torrents4 ,at last the night became so densely dark that we could only keep together by the noise of our camp equipage1 and by talking4 ,it was impossible to see where we were going1 so we camped in a sag4 ,it rained so hard that it was with much work that we started a fire1 and then it was quite as difficult to keep it going till we could frizzle a morsel of the old ram2 so each bolted his rations half raw1 and having hobbled our animals securely1 we rolled ourselves in half-wet blankets and laid down or the ground1 which already had been soaked to the consistency of mud1 and we wallowed there until next morning4 ,then two of us brought up and saddled horses1 while the other two frizzled a little more of the ram1 which was bolted1 as before1 for it was too tough to chew in a way anything like satisfactory4 ,we then wrung our blankets1 for they were full of water1 as in the place where we had laid down the water was half shoetop deep4 ,by sunrise we were mounted1 feeling satisfied that our track of the day before had been covered up1 and thirty miles of our flight was behind us4 ,the country was high and barren1 but we avoided conspicuous points1 and traveled the most secluded way1 ever on the alert to catch the first sight of an enemy1 or of any kind of game1 for our portion of flesh of the ram of the ,rockies had disappeared4 ,in the after part of the day the sun shone4 ,this was while we were crossing the head of an open flat1 in a dry country1 with a dry gully coursing down through it4 ,this gully was fringed with an abundant growth of sagebrush1 and as we looked down the flat we saw some animals coming out from a bend in the gully4 ,we ascertained to our delight that there were seven buffaloes4 ,our decision was to spare no efforts in an endeavor to secure one of the animals1 for this was a rare chance1 as the ,indians had hunted every bit of game that it was possible for them to do in that part of the country4 ,to accomplish our most desirable object at this particular time1 ,ward1 ,davis and ,i secured our horses1 leaving ,bullock to guard them and the pack mules4 ,the three of us made our way down the gulch1 and as the wind came to us from the buffaloes1 there was no danger of them scenting us4 ,thus we secured an excellent position1 and waiting a few minutes for them to feed to within about sixty yards of us1 we decided on the one that had the sleekest coat1 thinking he would be the best beef2 for all were very poor old bulls1 and we did not wish to injure more than we needed to keep us from starvation4 ,we all took deliberate aim1 and three rifles rang out as one4 ,the only result visible to us was that the game wheeled1 and ran directly on the back track1 leaving us without even a hope of buffalo meat until we followed on their trail seventy or eighty rods4 ,there we found where one animal had cast his cud1 and later we saw some blood splattered about4 ,all felt sure we had hit the buffalo1 for each knew how his rifle shot1 and said he never drew a nicer bead on an animal in his life4 ,then ,ward and ,davis got their horses and gave chase1 as the game had run almost parallel with our route toward the notch in the mountains for which we were aiming4 ,bullock and ,i kept on the course our party had marked out to travel1 but before we reached the mountain pass we were heading for1 night and rain came on1 and we had to camp in an open greasewood plain4 ,coming to a very deep wash that had good feed in it1 we concluded to hobble our animals in the wash4 ,it was difficult to get our stock in1 as the banks were very steep1 but at last we succeeded in getting them down1 and felt that they were tolerably safe for the night1 with some watching4 ,we gathered a little greasewood1 for there was no other fuel1 and tried to get a tire started in the rain and darkness4 ,during this time1 ,bullock began to have cramps1 in the stomach and bowels1 and then in his limbs1 and soon he was taken with a heavy chill4 ,it seemed that he would die1 in spite of all that ,i could do for him4 ,i rubbed him1 prayed for him1 and put him in a pack of wet blankets1 for we had no other1 and were without any earthly comfort for such an emergency4 ,at last ,i caught some rain in the frying-pan1 then got hold of our cracker sack1 in which was about two tablespoonfuls of crumbs and dust that had rubbed off the crackers4 ,i heated the water1 put the crumbs in1 and brought the mixture to a boil1 stirring it so that it appeared something like gruel1 and gave it to the sick man1 who became easier4 ,then ,i went out1 feeling my way1 to see what had become of our stock1 and got so far off in the darkness that ,i had great difficulty in finding my way back to my sick companion1 but after much anxiety and bother ,i found him suffering intensely4 ,i set to work rubbing him and encouraging him the best ,i could4 ,i spent the entire night in attending to him and watching the stock4 ,morning came1 and still the hunters were unheard of4 ,at one time ,i almost despaired of the sick man's life1 and thought1 if he died1 what could ,i do with him1 so far away from help4 ,i could not take him home1 neither could ,i put him out of reach of wild beasts1 for ,i had no spade1 pickaxe or shovel2 nor was there timber in sight to cremate him4 ,i had not a mouthful of food1 and what had become of our partners1 ,ward and ,davis1 ,i could not tell4 ,then came the reaction of the spirit1 and the thought that ,i must do the best that ,i could4 ,it would not do to despair4 ,i must pray for the patient1 pack up1 and get out of that place4 ,the patient seemed to rally with the dawn of day1 and by sunrise we were on our way1 and entered the canyon we had been heading for4 ,we saw no signs of our friends until we reached their camp in the canyon1 for it had rained so heavily as to obliterate the horse tracks4 ,as they had gone on1 we were not quite sure that it was their camp and tracks1 and the canyon afforded excellent opportunity for ambush4 ,but we were there and must go through4 ,the sick man held up with wonderful fortitude1 though suffering greatly4 ,about #b p4m4 we sighted our comrades1 the buffalo hunters4 ,they mistook us for enemies and fled1 until they found a convenient place to hide themselves and horses1 and where they watched until they saw the gleaming of the sunlight upon our rifle barrels4 ,then they recognized us1 and as we came up we had a warm greeting4 ,being together once more we hid our animals among the cedars1 and selected our camp with care1 as it was night4 ,our hunters had been successful1 after a chase of ten miles1 in getting the buffalo2 they had a hard and hazardous fight with the wounded animal1 and it took them till after dark before they could get what buffalo meat they could carry on their horses4 ,they also had a very severe night of it2 but the lost were found1 and with plenty of buffalo meat in camp we were thankful4 ,we broiled and ate1 boiled and ate and ate raw liver1 and marrow out of the bones2 for be known that men in the condition we were1 with severe hunger1 do not always realize how much they have eaten until they eat too much4 ,so it was with us4 ,when we were through with the meal1 we prepared to jerk the remainder of the beef1 but before that was done my three companions were attacked with vomiting and purging2 then followed chills and cramps1 and for about four or five hours it seemed they might all die4 ,i could not say which would go first1 and the previous night's experience was reiterated4 ,i confess that ,i had been guilty of as much folly and unreason as they1 but being more robust than the others1 ,i could endure more than they2 but ,i had the very same kind of an attack as they did1 before the journey was over4 ,when morning came1 a sicker and a harder looking lot of men seldom is seen in the mountains4 ,yet we must travel1 so passed through that canyon out onto an open plain1 leaving the creek to the south of us4 ,in the afternoon we came to a smooth clay grade1 on which were fresh horse and moccasin tracks1 and four large capital letters1 in ,english2 ,i think they were ,n1 ,w1 ,h and ,e4 ,we concluded they had been marked out with a sharp stick1 but not in a manner intelligible to us1 so we were suspicious and cautiously pushed on to a place of shelter and rest4 ,it was on the #ast day of ,june that we reached the ,middle ,ferry on ,green ,river1 ,green ,river ,county1 ,utah4 ,there we met with ,w4 ,i4 ,appleby1 probate judge1 ,hosea ,stout1 prosecuting attorney1 ,william ,hickman1 sheriff1 ,captain ,hawley1 the ferryman1 and his family and some others4 ,they did not have to be told what we most needed1 but supplied with liberal hand our necessities1 for all were aware that the object of our mission had been to protect just such as they1 and the innocent immigrants1 and their property1 from not only the raids of the red men1 but also from the more wicked and baser white brigands4 ,we rested at ,green ,river until the #dth of ,june1 when my fellow missionaries left for ,fort ,supply4 ,i remained as interpreter1 and to fill our appointment with ,chief ,washakie1 who was to be at the ferry by ,july #ae4 ,,chapter ,,xliii4 ,,engaged ,,as ,,interpreter--,,class ,,of ,,people ,,at ,,green ,,river--,,appointed ,,deputy ,,sheriff--,,drover ,,threatens ,,to ,,kill ,,boatmen--,,arrest ,,ordered--,,ride ,,into ,,the ,,outlaws' ,,camp--,,bluffing ,,the ,,captain--,a ,,perilous ,,situation--,,parley ,,with ,,drovers--,,compromise ,,effected--,,dealing ,,with ,,law-,,breakers--,,bill ,,hickman ,,as ,,sheriff--,,swimming ,,cattle ,,over ,,green ,,river--,a ,,drover',s ,,failure--,,writer ,,employed ,,to ,,get ,,cattle ,,over--,,how ,,it ,,is ,,done--,,secret ,,of ,,success--,,arrival ,,of ,,washakie--,,the ,,ferryman ,,offends ,,him--,,the ,,angry ,,indian ,,swears ,,vengeance ,,on ,,the ,,white ,,man--,,his ,,parting ,,threat--,,in ,,peril ,,of ,,an ,,indian ,,massacre4 ,,as ,i had become a fairly good interpreter1 the ferry company proposed to pay my board at ,green ,river while ,i stayed1 as there was no one else there who could converse with the ,indians4 ,the country was new and wild1 and while there were some very good people1 the road was lined with ,california immigrants and drovers1 many of them of a very rough class1 to say the best of them4 ,they would camp a day or two on the river1 and drink1 gamble and fight2 then the traders and rough mountain men1 half-caste ,indians1 ,french and ,spaniards1 were numerous2 there were also blacksmith and repair shops1 whisky saloons1 gambling tables1 and sometimes there would be a perfect jam of wagons and cattle1 and two or three hundred men4 ,there were quarrels and fights1 and often men would be shot or stabbed4 ,as the court had been organized only about two months1 it was almost impossible for the sheriff or any other officer to serve a writ or order of court1 unless he had a posse to back him4 ,sometimes the ferryman at the ,upper ,ferry would be run off his post1 and a company of mountain men would run the ferry and take the money1 and it would require every man that was on the side of law and order to back the officer4 ,in this situation ,i1 though a missionary1 was summoned to take charge of a posse of men to assist the sheriff in making arrests4 ,one time there came a man with four thousand head of cattle4 ,he crossed the river1 passed down about four miles and camped under a steep sand bluff4 ,he had missed a calf1 and sent a man back for it4 ,a small party of ,indians1 passing along that way1 had picked up the animal and carried it off1 supposing that the drovers had abandoned it4 ,the man who had been sent for the calf1 not finding it1 rode up to the ferry and demanded the animal of the boatmen4 ,these told him they did not have his calf1 whereupon he swore at them1 called them liars and thieves1 and threatened to kill them1 at the same time leveling his double-barreled shotgun at them4 ,judge ,appleby happened to be standing within a few feet of the boatmen1 and heard the whole conversation4 ,he ordered the sheriff to take the man1 dead or alive4 ,the sheriff summoned me to his aid1 and we started at once for the culprit4 ,when we got to within four rods of him he called out1 ,do you want anything of me1 gentlemen8 ,the sheriff said1 ,yes2 ,i am the sheriff1 and you are my prisoner4 ,the man being on horseback1 defied the sheriff and fled4 ,we fired two shots in the air1 thinking he would surrender1 but he did not1 and the sheriff pressed into service the horses of two immigrants near by1 and he and ,i pursued the fugitive1 following him about four miles1 where we suddenly came upon his camp of twenty-four men1 armed with double-barrelled shotguns4 ,the man having had considerably the start of us1 had time to get the camp rallied and ready for action1 telling them that two men had shot at and were then in hot pursuit of him4 ,we were not aware of his camp being there until we reached the brow of the bluff2 then our only chance was to ride boldly down into the camp1 which we did1 the sheriff shouting1 ,hold on1 gentlemen6 ,i am the sheriff of this county4 ,the captain of the camp1 being a cool-headed and fearless man1 said to his men1 ,hold on1 boys1 wait for the word4 ,the moment we got into camp we dismounted1 and ,i presume that at least a dozen guns were leveled at us1 their holders being greatly excited1 and swearing death to us if we dared to lay a finger on the fugitive1 or on any other person in the camp4 ,the captain1 however1 said1 ,hold on1 boys6 ,let's hear what these men have to say4 ,then the sheriff said the man 7pointing to the culprit7 had committed an offense against the law1 in threatening the lives of the boatmen1 and leveling his gun as if to carry out the threat1 and the sheriff had been ordered by the judge to arrest him1 but he had defied the officer and fled4 ,but1 said the captain1 you shot at him4 ,to this the sheriff replied1 ,we called on him to halt1 and as he refused to obey1 a couple of shots were fired over his head to make him stop1 but he did not do so1 and we followed him to your camp4 ,i now demand him of you as his captain4 ,at this the captain declared that the sheriff had shot at his man and had scared him almost to death4 ,he pointed to the man1 who was shaking as if he had a treble shock of the ague1 and continued that before the sheriff should take him every drop of blood in the camp should be shed4 ,the men brawled out1 ,hear6 ,hear6 when the sheriff said1 ,all right1 ,captain4 ,you may get away with us two1 but we have between seventy-five and one hundred men just over the hills here1 and in less than twenty-four hours we will have you and every man in your camp1 and your stock will have to foot the bill4 ,thereupon the captain made response that he would come and answer for his man1 but the sheriff could not take him4 ,thus the matter was compromised subject to the court's approval4 ,the captain promised to be at the judge's within two hours1 and was there4 ,so the whole matter was settled without bloodshed4 ,this incident is only an illustration of what had to be met every few days1 in which men would refuse to yield to the law until they had to do so or die1 and many were the times that we had to force them down with the revolver1 when1 if we had not had the drop on them they would not have yielded4 ,we met men face to face1 with deadly weapons1 and if it had not been for the cunning and the cool head of ,bill ,hickman1 as he was commonly called1 blood would have been shed more than once when it was avoided4 ,i speak of ,bill ,hickman as ,i found him in the short time ,i was with him4 ,in his official capacity he was cunning1 and was always ready to support the law while ,i was with him on ,green ,river4 ,one day about #aj o'clock a4m41 a herd of four hundred head of cattle came up1 and the owners ferried their wagons across the river4 ,then they tried to swim their cattle over but could not do so4 ,i stood by and watched their futile efforts until ,i observed the reason the cattle would not go across4 ,then ,i attempted to tell the captain that he could not swim his stock with the sun shining in their faces4 ,the captain being one of those self-sufficient men often met with1 rather snubbed me1 saying1 ,i have handled cattle before today4 ,i turned away1 remarking that he never would get his cattle across in that manner1 and saying that ,i could put every head over at the first attempt4 ,some one repeated to the boss what ,i had said1 and asked him why he did not get that mountaineer to help1 as he understood the business better than anyone else on the river4 ,well1 he said1 we will make another try1 and if we do not succeed1 we will see what he can do4 ,the trial was another failure4 ,then he came to me and said1 ,cap41 what will you charge me to swim those cattle1 and insure me against loss8 ,i answered1 ,you have wearied your cattle and fooled them so much that it will be more trouble now than at first1 but if you will drive your stock out on that 'bottom' and call your men away from them1 ,i will swim them and insure every hoof1 for twenty-five cents a head4 ,said he1 ,i will do it1 for it will cost fifty cents a head to cross them in the boat4 ,so you will take charge of them on the 'bottom8' ,yes1 said ,i1 so you do not let them scatter too much4 ,the river was booming1 but ,i knew of a place where the bank was three or four feet higher than the water1 and where the stream ran swiftly1 setting across to where the cattle would reach a gradual slope4 ,i then went to a camp of ,indians near by1 and hired four of them to assist me4 ,they stripped and mounted their ponies with their robes about them4 ,one went between the cattle and the river1 so as to lead1 and the others circled around the stock and got them all headed toward the place designated for them to take to the water4 ,then they caused the cattle to increase their speed until they were on the gallop1 when the ,indians gave a few yells and shook their robes1 the man in the lead leaped his horse into the river1 and every hoof took to the water1 and were across safe and sound within thirty minutes from the time they started4 ,the captain paid without objecting1 and would have me go over and take supper with him and his family4 ,he said1 ,aside from having my cattle across safe and sound1 ,i have the worth of my money in valuable experience4 ,next day he was back over the river1 and would tell of the incident and say to the drovers he met with1 ,there is that mountaineer4 ,i am ---- if he can't beat any man swimming cattle that ,i ever saw4 ,and others would tell the drovers the same story4 ,now1 my friendly reader1 ,i will tell you the secret of swimming horses and cattle across a river4 ,it is3 ,find a place 7which you always can do7 somewhere in the bends of the watercourse1 where you can swim your stock from the sun1 and where they take to the water the deeper the better1 even if you have to make them jump from the banks4 ,the swifter the current the better2 then they are not so likely to injure one another in jumping4 ,again1 see that the outcoming place is on a grade1 and the water is shallow4 ,then have some good swimmer1 on horseback1 take the lead2 push your stock to a lively gait1 and success is assured4 ,i had charge of swimming ten thousand head of cattle across ,green ,river1 in the months of ,june and ,july1 #ahed1 and never lost a hoof1 yet forced hundreds of them over banks eight to ten feet high1 into the water4 ,in such case1 the water must be deep1 or we might have sustained damage4 ,i have found1 as a rule1 that nearly all men who have much money or property think that they know it all1 and are hard to convince4 ,but some of the drovers learned by object lessons1 and almost all of them thought they could swim their own cattle2 and so they could have done1 if they had known the correct plan1 or had made the effort after sundown or before sunrise4 ,about the time set for his arrival1 ,washakie1 the great ,shoshone chieftain1 came in with seven of his braves1 and quietly walked around4 ,first1 he inspected the boat and its fixtures1 or tackle2 then he went to the brewery1 the bakery1 store1 court room1 whisky saloon1 blacksmith shops1 card tables1 saw much money changing hands1 and observed that money would purchase about anything the white man had4 ,when the chief had had a friendly visit all around1 he went to the office of ,captain ,hawley1 the ferryman4 ,there he saw the captain taking and handling considerable money1 among the precious metal being two or three fifty-dollar gold slugs4 ,he asked for one of these1 but the captain laughed at him1 and offered him a silver dollar4 ,this action offended ,washakie1 who walked away1 and by some means got hold of some intoxicants4 ,then he began to think what was going on in the land of his forefathers1 and came to me and said3 ,this is my country1 and my people's country4 ,my fathers lived here1 and drank water from this river1 while our ponies grazed on these bottoms4 ,our mothers gathered the dry wood from this land4 ,the buffalo and elk came here to drink water and eat grass2 but now they have been killed or driven back out of our land4 ,the grass is all eaten off by the white man's horses and cattle1 and the dry wood has been burned2 and sometimes1 when our young men have been hunting1 and got tired and hungry1 they have come to the white man's camp1 and have been ordered to get out1 and they are slapped1 or kicked1 and called 'd--d ,injuns4' ,then our young men get heap mad1 and say that when they have the advantage of the white man1 as they have often1 they will take revenge upon him4 ,sometimes they have been so abused that they have threatened to kill all the white men they meet in our land4 ,but ,i have always been a friend to the white man1 and have told my people never to moisten our land with his blood2 and to this day the white man can not show in all our country where the ,shoshone has killed one of his people1 though we can point to many abuses we have patiently suffered from him4 ,now ,i can see that he only loves himself2 he loves his own flesh1 and he does not think of us2 he loves heap money2 he has a big bag full of it2 he got it on my land1 and would not give me a little piece4 ,i am mad1 and you heap my good friend1 and ,i will tell you what ,i am going to do4 ,every white man1 woman or child1 that ,i find on this side of that water1 pointing to the river1 at sunrise tomorrow ,i will wipe them out 7rubbing his hands together74 ,he went on3 ,you heap my friend2 you stay here all right2 you tell them to leave my land4 ,if they are on the other side of my water1 all right1 me no kill them1 they go home to their own country1 no come back to my land4 ,tomorrow morning when the sun come up1 you see me4 ,my warriors come1 heap damn mad1 and wipe them all out1 no one leave4 ,good-by1 you tell him1 chief1 he mad6 was ,washakie's parting exclamation1 as he mounted his horse and rode away to his camp on the ,big ,sandy1 some fifteen miles back from the ,green ,river4 ,,chapter ,,xliv4 ,,consternation ,,at ,,washakie',s ,,declaration--,,people ,,hurry ,,across ,,the ,,river--,,the ,,writer ,,is ,,asked ,,to ,,attempt ,a ,,reconciliation--,,night ,,too ,,dark ,,to ,,travel--,,chief ,,washakie ,,and ,,braves ,,appear ,,at ,,sunrise--,,the ,,chief ,,notes ,,that ,,the ,,people ,,are ,,terror-,,stricken1 ,,and ,,decides ,,that ,,he ,,will ,,be ,,their ,,friend--,,troublous ,,exploits ,,of ,,mountain ,,men--,,sheriff',s ,,plan ,,of ,,arrest--,,how ,,the ,,scheme ,,worked--,,desperadoes ,,freed ,,by ,,the ,,court--,,chasing ,,an ,,offender--,,surrounded ,,by ,,his ,,associates--,,coolness ,,and ,,pluck ,,of ,,the ,,sheriff ,,win--,,ready ,,to ,,return ,,home--,a ,,trying ,,experience4 ,,as might have been expected1 ,i lost no time in apprising the people of the ,indian threat1 and the white population promptly complied with the order to move2 so that by daylight there was little of value on that side of the river4 ,there was great consternation among the people1 and ,captain ,hawley was quite willing to send a fifty-dollar slug to the chief2 but it was late in the evening1 and no one to go but myself4 ,there was no telling how much liquor there might be in the ,indian camp1 so it was not a pleasant job for either friend or foe to approach the savages on such a dark night as that was4 ,although ,i had ,washakie's promise of friendship1 ,i knew that when the ,indians were drunk they were not good company1 and ,i did not care to expose myself to unnecessary danger4 ,individually ,i had nothing at stake1 but there were others who had their families and thousands of dollars' worth of property at the mercy of the enraged red men4 ,in this crisis1 when ,i was asked if ,i would take the risk1 and what amount ,i would give my service for1 ,i said ,i would undertake to go that night and attempt a reconciliation1 and charge fifty dollars1 if they would provide me with a good horse4 ,that they agreed to do4 ,the night was so dark1 however1 that it was impossible to get hold of a horse1 so we had to move all of value that could be taken across the river4 ,we also made every preparation for defense that was possible during the night4 ,next morning1 true to his promise1 ,chief ,washakie1 with fifteen well armed men1 came up1 just at sunrise4 ,i went out to meet him1 and found him perfectly sober and friendly1 as also his men4 ,the chief rode up and glanced at the desolate appearance of everything1 and saw that the women and children were greatly frightened4 ,his companions sat on their horses and looked across the river4 ,finally the noble chief said1 referring to those who had left their homes4 ,tell them to come back4 ,we will not hurt them4 ,we will be good friends4 ,thus ended the big scare1 and the people returned4 ,but there was another stir to come2 for in a few days the ferryman from the ,upper ,ferry1 ten miles above the ,middle ,ferry1 told ,judge ,appleby that a party of rough mountaineers had driven him off1 threatening his life if he did not leave immediately4 ,they had taken charge of the ferry1 and were running it and pocketing the money4 ,there were twenty-eight of them1 determined cut-throats1 a part of the desperado band ,i have referred to before4 ,the judge ordered the sheriff to summon every available man1 and go at once and ascertain who the leaders were1 then arrest them and bring them before the court4 ,there were only fourteen men obtainable for the posse1 and this number included the ferryman4 ,the sheriff delegated me to take charge of the posse and go up on the east side of the river1 ahead of him and the ferryman1 who would come up on the west side some time after1 so as not to create any unnecessary suspicion4 ,he instructed us to be sociable with the outlaws1 treat and be treated1 and join in any game that might be engaged in4 ,said he1 ,we will get them drunk and divided among themselves1 and then ,i think we can manage them4 ,the plan was laid1 and every man being well armed1 we set out on our hazardous mission4 ,we had with us one man who could drink an enormous amount of whisky and yet not get drunk1 for he would turn around and put his ringer down his throat and vomit up the liquor before it would affect him much4 ,he said1 ,boys1 ,i can make a dozen of them drunk1 and keep straight myself4 ,he was asked how he would go about it1 and replied1 ,well1 ,i will offer to drink more whisky than any man on the river1 and we will drink by measure2 then ,i will slip out and throw it up4 ,to hide the trick you must push me out of doors roughly1 as if mad4 ,at other times jam me up in a corner1 so ,i can throw up4 ,thus ,i will have half of them so drunk that anyone of you can handle half a dozen of them at once4 ,his statement of his ability to drink and empty his stomach of it being corroborated1 he was assigned that part of the strategy4 ,then another man1 who had been a soldier in the ,mexican war1 said1 ,well1 if you will get them drunk1 ,i will win the money from their own party to buy the whisky1 for ,i know just how to do it4 ,he was given that part1 for whisky was fifty cents a drink4 ,when we had perfected arrangements as far as possible1 we rode up1 dismounting as if we had just happened to call and knew nothing of the trouble4 ,each man took his part1 and played it well4 ,to our surprise1 we found their leader1 ,l4 ,b4 ,ryan1 apparently in a drunken stupor2 he was the same person ,i had met in the ,shoshone ,indian camp1 five or six weeks before4 ,as he and the sheriff had been on good terms1 they drank together and appeared to be quite friendly2 but the ferryman and one of the band of outlaws got into a fight1 and revolvers and bowie knives were drawn4 ,twenty-five or thirty of the mountain men1 with deadly weapons flourishing1 rushed into the saloon in front of which the fight began4 ,one man slashed the other with a knife1 and one of them fired two shots1 but some bystander knocked the weapon up1 so it did no harm4 ,the prompt action of the sheriff and his supports1 together with the aid of a number of immigrants1 stopped the row4 ,if it had not been for that1 a dozen men might have been slain in as many minutes4 ,some of the men were of the most desperate character1 and swore and made terrible threats of what they would do4 ,at last the combatants drank together1 while a number of others got so intoxicated they could scarcely stand alone4 ,then the sheriff called ,ryan to one side and quietly arrested him1 placing him under ten thousand dollars bonds for his appearance in court on a certain date4 ,the ferryman and some of the more moderate of the outlaws compromised their difficulties1 and business settled down to a normal condition4 ,we went back to the ,middle ,ferry1 and the sheriff made his returns on the official papers4 ,at the time appointed for ,ryan to appear in court1 he was there1 with seven young1 well-armed warriors and a number of his band1 who sauntered around the court room4 ,ryan was so desperate and so well supported by his clique that the court was glad to let him down and out as easily as possible2 for it was evident that the court must do that or die4 ,so ,ryan and his gang returned to their haunts more triumphant than otherwise4 ,so we had to deal with desperate men every day or two1 and it was seldom indeed that we could effect an arrest without a determined show of arms4 ,yet1 we were not compelled to use them4 ,the offenders must see that we had them1 and had the nerve to use them1 before they would yield4 ,in one instance ,i was ordered by the sheriff to take a man who had broken from the officer4 ,the man was running1 and ,i followed1 revolver in hand4 ,as the fugitive ran1 he drew his weapon and wheeled around4 ,i was so near as to place my revolver uncomfortably close to his face before he could raise his weapon4 ,he saw at once that ,i had the drop on him1 as we used to say1 and delivered his revolver to me4 ,the next moment the sheriff and posse had their backs together and weapons raised1 while twenty-four armed men appeared on the scene and demanded the man4 ,but when they looked into the muzzles of fourteen ,colt's revolvers with bright1 shining1 waterproof caps exposed1 and the sheriff called out in a firm and decisive voice1 ,i am the sheriff of ,green ,river ,county1 and have a writ for this man1 they paused1 though some of them swore the officers could not take the man from camp1 and advanced in a threatening manner4 ,then the sheriff commanded1 ,halt6 ,the first man that advances another step1 or raises his weapon1 is a dead man4 ,stand6 ,i1 as sheriff1 give you fair warning4 ,at that some of the more cautious said1 ,hold on1 boys6 ,we must not oppose an officer1 and all concluded they must give up the man and submit to the law for that time4 ,the offense of the accused was shooting the ferryman's dog1 while the latter was eating something under the table1 and while the ferryman's wife and daughter were standing at the table washing dishes2 and when the ferryman remonstrated at such conduct1 threatening to shoot him4 ,ultimately the matter was compromised1 the culprit and his friends paying the costs4 ,on the #gth of ,july1 ,i began preparations to return to ,fort ,supply1 as my real missionary labors seemed to have come to an end in that part1 and ,i was glad of it4 ,from ,may #ac to ,july #h1 #ahed1 had been one of the most hazardous1 soul-trying1 disagreeable experiences of my life1 for the short period it occupied4 ,i have written a very brief synopsis of it in the foregoing account2 for it might seem impossible to the person of ordinary experience for so many thrilling incidents as ,i had witnessed to happen in so short a time4 ,,chapter ,,xlv4 ,,go ,,to ,,fort ,,supply--,,start ,,back ,,to ,,green ,,river ,,and ,,meet ,o4 ,p4 ,,rockwell ,,at ,,fort ,,bridger--,,he ,,brings ,,me ,a ,,trader',s ,,license1 ,,also ,,goods ,,to ,,trade ,,to ,,the ,,indians--,,being ,,late ,,in ,,the ,,season1 ,,we ,,store ,,the ,,goods1 ,,and ,,go ,,to ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,receive ,,the ,,approval ,,of ,,governor ,,young--,,move ,,to ,,ogden--,,accompany ,,governor ,,young ,,as ,,interpreter--,,my ,,horse ,,stolen--,,called ,,on ,a ,,mission ,,to ,,the ,,shoshones--,,on ,,going ,,to ,,salt ,,lake ,,city1 ,i ,,am ,,released--,,ordered ,,to ,,take ,,part ,,in ,,disarming ,,indians ,,at ,,ogden--,a ,,difficult ,,job--,,chase ,,to ,,mound ,,fort--,,hand-,,to-,,hand ,,struggle ,,with ,a ,,powerful ,,savage--,,indians ,,disarmed1 ,,but ,,sullen--,,chief',s ,,brother ,,offers ,,all ,,his ,,possessions ,,for ,,his ,,gun--,,precautions ,,taken ,,to ,,feed ,,the ,,indians ,,that ,,winter--,,teach ,,the ,,indian ,,language ,,in ,,school--,,prosper ,,in ,,business4 ,,on ,july #i1 ,i started for ,fort ,supply1 arriving there on the #aath1 where ,i found all well4 ,on the #adth ,i began a journey back to ,green ,river1 but met ,porter ,rockwell at ,fort ,bridger4 ,he had a license from ,governor ,brigham ,young for me to trade with the ,indians2 also some two or three thousand dollars' worth of ,indian goods for me to market4 ,at that time there was no opportunity to trade1 as the ,indians had disposed of their robes1 pelts and furs for the season1 so we sent the goods to ,fort ,supply and had them stored there4 ,i accompanied ,rockwell to ,salt ,lake ,city1 arriving there on ,july #ai4 ,we reported conditions to the governor1 who received us very kindly1 and approved of what we had done4 ,on ,august #ae ,i went to ,ogden ,city and on the #bhth accompanied ,governor ,young1 as interpreter1 to ,chief ,catalos' camp of ,shoshones1 four miles north of ,ogden4 ,this large camp of ,indians had some grievances to settle1 and particularly desired to ask favors and get a better understanding with the white men through their big chief4 ,the ,indians claimed that they were friendly to the whites1 and wanted the latter to be friendly to them2 they also wished to have trade brought to them4 ,the governor gave them a liberal present of assorted ,indian goods1 talked friendship1 and told them he would leave other goods with me to trade4 ,he also advised them to be good people1 and to live at peace with all men1 for we had the same great ,father4 ,governor ,young told them it would be good for them to settle down like the white man1 and learn of him how to cultivate the land as he did1 so that when the game was all gone they could live and have something to eat and to feed their families on4 ,the ,indians said this was heap good talk1 and their hearts felt good2 so we parted with them in the best of feelings1 notwithstanding that some of their bad ,indians had stolen my only horse from where ,i had picketed him on the bottoms4 ,i did not learn the facts in the case in time to get redress1 and all the consolation ,i could obtain was that the thief did not know it was my animal--heap no good ,indian steal your horse4 ,i returned to ,ogden ,city1 and there continued to trade with the ,indians as they came1 until ,october #aj1 on which date ,i received a letter from ,elder ,orson ,hyde1 stating that ,governor ,young wished me to go on a mission among the ,shoshones that winter4 ,i answered the call1 but when ,i got to ,salt ,lake ,city1 on the way1 it had been learned that the ,indians had gone out so far into the buffalo country that it was not advisable for me to follow them2 so ,i returned to ,ogden and continued to visit and trade with the ,indians1 and got up my winter's wood4 ,on ,november #bj ,wm4 ,hickman1 ,l4 ,b4 ,ryan and ,d4 ,huntington came up from ,salt ,lake ,city with an order to ,major ,moore and the citizens of ,weber ,county to disarm ,chief ,little ,soldier and his band of ,indians1 and distribute them among the families in ,weber ,county where the people were best able to feed and clothe them for the winter1 and set them to work2 for they had become very troublesome to the citizens of that county1 by killing cattle1 burning fences1 and intimidating isolated families4 ,on the #cjth the major called on me to go with his party to the ,indian camp at ,west ,weber4 ,i did so1 and with considerable talking we got the ,indians to accompany us to ,ogden ,city4 ,still1 they felt very warlike and stubborn1 being unwilling to give up their arms4 ,in the midst of the parley1 the three men from ,salt ,lake ,city returned to that place1 and the ,indians were allowed to go with their arms across the ,ogden ,river and camp among the willows near ,mound ,fort4 ,on ,december #ast we went after them1 finding them so hostile that we had to make a show of arms before they would submit to our proposition of distributing them among the whites1 but when we brought a squad of armed men they very reluctantly and sullenly complied1 so we marched them back to ,ogden ,city1 to a location on ,main ,street1 near where the old tithing office stood4 ,almost every man that had side arms was called to mingle among the ,indians1 so that each man could command a warrior by disarming him by force if he refused to surrender his arms at the command of the major1 which command ,i was required to repeat in the ,indian dialect4 ,at the word1 each man was to take hold of an ,indian's gun1 and ,i was to tell the aborigines to surrender2 but there was not a man who obeyed the order1 for what reason ,i do not know4 ,i then went through the crowd of ,indians and took every weapon with my own hands4 ,the white men took them from me1 and they were stored in the tithing office1 a guard being placed over them4 ,just then a young ,indian was observed on horseback1 going northward as fast as his horse could carry him4 ,some one said1 ,there goes that ,indian boy to warn a camp over by ,bingham ,fort6 ,major ,moore had one of the fastest animals in the county2 he ordered me to take her and beat the boy into camp1 or run her to death4 ,don't spare horseflesh4 ,call out the citizens and disarm every ,indian you find4 ,i obeyed the order1 and found a small party of ,indians camped in the center of what was called ,bingham ,fort4 ,just as the ,indian boy reached the camp1 ,i entered the east gate of the square1 and rode to the west gate1 shouting to the people1 ,to arms6 ,to arms6 ,turn out1 every man1 and help to disarm the ,indians6 ,men turned out quickly and surrounded the camp4 ,i succeeded in reaching the west gate just in time to wheel and grab a big ,ute's gun as he was trying to pass me4 ,he held to it firmly1 and both struggled with a death-like grip4 ,we looked each other squarely in the eyes1 with a determined expression4 ,at last his eyes dropped1 and his gun was in my possession4 ,he was full of wrath and a desire for vengeance4 ,i found him to be one of the strongest men ,i had ever grappled with anywhere4 ,i next turned to the camp and disarmed all the ,indians in it1 placed their weapons under guard and sent them to ,ogden1 then vainly tried to talk the red men into reconciliation4 ,i next returned to ,ogden1 and there found the whites and ,indians on the streets1 the latter as discontented as ever4 ,the major and ,i tried to pacify them1 but they were very stubborn and sullen4 ,at last the chief's brother said1 ,here are my wife1 my children1 my horses and everything that ,i have4 ,take it all and keep it1 only give me back my gun and let me go free4 ,i will cast all the rest away4 ,there is my child1 pointing to a little three-year-old1 take it4 ,the little innocent held up its hands and cried for the father to take it1 but he frowned and looked at it as with a feeling of disgust1 saying1 ,go away4 ,you are not mine1 for ,i have thrown you away1 and will not have you any more4 ,this spirit was but a reflex of that which animated the whole band2 for1 said they1 we are only squaws now4 ,we cannot hunt or defend our families4 ,we are not anybody now4 ,but finally1 though very sullenly1 they went home with the whites and pitched their tents in the back yards4 ,to us it did seem hard to have them feel so bad1 but they had no means of support for the winter1 the citizens could not afford to have their stock killed off and their fences burned1 and it was the better policy to feed the ,indians and have them under control4 ,they could husk corn1 chop wood1 help do chores1 and be more comfortable than if left to roam2 but for all that1 they were deprived of that broad liberty to which they and their fathers before them had been accustomed1 therefore they felt it most keenly4 ,as ,i was the only white man who could talk much with them1 ,i was kept pretty busy laboring with them4 ,in the evening of ,december #crd the ,indians had a letter from ,governor ,young4 ,i read and interpreted it to them4 ,then for the first time they seemed reconciled to their situation4 ,their chief was filled with the spirit of approval of the course that had been taken with them1 and he preached it long and strong4 ,after that1 the ,indians and the citizens got along very well together1 and ,i continued teaching and preaching to the former4 ,december #eth ,i took up school and taught the ,indian language1 or rather the ,shoshone dialect4 ,i had about thirty male adults attending4 ,brother ,george ,w4 ,hill1 who afterwards became the noted ,shoshone interpreter in ,weber ,county1 was one of them4 ,i was very much prospered that winter1 purchased a city lot and quarter of another on ,main ,street1 fenced the lot1 closed my trading with the ,indians1 and settled with ,d4 ,h4 ,wells for the goods ,i had had4 ,,chapter ,,xlvi4 ,,another ,,mission ,,to ,,the ,,indians--,,start ,,for ,,the ,,shoshone ,,camp--,,difficulties ,,of ,,travel--,,near ,,the ,,crows ,,and ,,blackfeet--,a ,,dream ,,gives ,,warning ,,of ,,danger--,,discover ,a ,,large ,,body ,,of ,,indians--,,no ,,opportunity ,,of ,,escape--,,ride ,,into ,,the ,,camp ,,of ,a ,,hunting ,,and ,,war ,,party--,,meet ,,chief ,,washakie--,a ,,day',s ,,march--,,situation ,,critical--,,hold ,a ,,council--,,present ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,mormon--,,all ,,but ,,washakie ,,speak ,,against ,,us ,,and ,,the ,,book--,,awaiting ,,the ,,chief',s ,,decision4 ,,at a general conference held in ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,april #f1 #ahee1 ,i was again called to go east among the ,indians1 to labor with and for them4 ,i was appointed by ,president ,brigham ,young to take the presidency of the mission among the ,shoshones4 ,at this call ,i hastened to provide as comfortably as possible for my family1 and to fit myself for the mission assigned me4 ,i set out on ,may #h1 #ahee1 in company with four other ,elders1 going east via ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,i drove one of the two teams1 to pay for the hauling of my baggage1 as ,i had no team of my own4 ,on the #ajth we reached ,salt ,lake ,city1 and left the same day4 ,on the #aath we overtook another wagon and two of our fellow-missionaries4 ,we arrived at ,fort ,supply on the #agth1 having had a pleasant trip4 ,we found seven ,elders planting the crop4 ,on the #ahth we joined them in the work of plowing and seeding1 and repairing the stockade and fences4 ,on the #bith1 eight of us fitted up a four-horse team and wagon and six saddle horses and started for the ,shoshone camps1 which we had heard were on the headwaters of either the ,green or the ,snake ,river4 ,on ,june #ast we came to a tributary of the ,green ,river1 called the ,fontenelle4 ,there we rested one day1 then moved camp up to the mouth of the canyon4 ,on the #crd of ,june1 ,e4 ,b4 ,ward1 ,joshua ,terry and ,i crossed over the divide between the ,green and ,snake ,rivers1 leaving ,elder ,george ,w4 ,boyd in charge of camp4 ,the three of us went along the western slope1 passing one lodge of friendly ,indians4 ,on the #eth we came to ,siveadus' camp of twenty lodges4 ,he and his people were very cool towards us1 so we proceeded to a stream called ,piney1 and up that to the top of the divide1 from where we could see to the head waters of the ,wind ,river4 ,having been told that ,washakie and his camp were somewhere on the headwaters of ,horse ,creek1 we made for that point1 traveling over snowdrifts that we supposed were fifty feet deep4 ,the descent was very steep1 and in some places rather dangerous4 ,that night our coffee basins1 that were left standing half or two-thirds full of water1 had become frozen solid2 and the weather seemed seasonable for ,christmas4 ,we suffered much with cold until #aj o'clock a4m41 on the #gth of ,june4 ,we turned northeast1 and came onto ,horse ,creek1 camping just below its mouth1 under a high1 steep bluff1 in a fine grove of cottonwoods4 ,everything seemed deathly still4 ,we were in the borders of the ,crow and ,blackfeet ,indians' country1 with jaded horses1 so that if we were discovered it would be impossible to escape4 ,we began to feel a little concern for our scalps1 for we were aware that both the ,crows and the ,blackfeet were hostile4 ,we gathered our wood1 taking care that no branch or anything connected with our fire would make much blaze or smoke1 lest by it we should be discovered4 ,everything being placed in the best possible position for flight or fight1 as might seem best if emergency should arise1 we rested there that night2 and something told us we should not go farther north1 but that south should be our course in the morning4 ,early the following morning1 about #c o'clock1 ,i dreamed that ,i saw a large band of ,indians come down and pitch camp on the creek above us4 ,i was so forcibly impressed that ,i awoke the other two men1 and told them ,i felt confident that the dream was true1 and that we would prove it at daylight4 ,they agreed with me1 so ,i told them to make as dark a fire as was possible1 and to get breakfast1 while ,i would go on the high bluff that overlooked camp and the country adjacent1 where ,i would watch everything that moved1 and if there were friends or foes in the country we would see them or their lights before they should see ours4 ,we all arose at once1 the others preparing the meal and saddling the horses ready for a hasty move1 while ,i went up on the bluff and there kept a sharp lookout until the dawn4 ,at the first streaks of daylight ,i saw a blue smoke creeping up through the willows1 perhaps a mile and a half above me1 then another and another1 until it was plain there was a camp of ,indians just where ,i had dreamed they were4 ,soon the tops of lodges appeared1 then a band of ponies was driven up4 ,by this time it was fairly daylight4 ,i reported to the others what ,i had seen1 and we took breakfast4 ,by the time the sun cast his earliest rays over the landscape1 we were in the saddle4 ,then came the question1 what shall we do8 ,to flee was folly1 for it was not likely that we would escape the ever vigilant eye of the red man1 in an open country like that was4 ,we decided to ride out boldly on the open bench1 and go straight to their camp4 ,no sooner had we done so than we were discovered1 and some twenty or more warriors started to encircle us1 but we rode direct for the camp without showing any concern4 ,soon we were completely surrounded by a score of armed warriors in full costume of war paint2 as these closed in their circle1 they saluted us with a war-whoop4 ,some had green scalps hanging from their bridle bits1 while others had them suspended from their surcingles4 ,as the warriors drew nearer to us it became evident that they were of the ,shoshone tribe1 but we could not recognize any one of them1 and they did not appear to recognize us4 ,when we spoke to them and offered to shake hands1 they shook their heads and pointed us to the camp1 while they proudly escorted us there1 some going before us and clearing the way up to the lodge of ,washakie1 their chief1 who1 with some of his leading men1 stood waiting to receive us4 ,as we rode up1 ,washakie and his associates stepped forward1 and in a very friendly manner shook hands4 ,by gestures they said1 ,we are moving camp1 and you will go and camp with us tonight4 ,then we will hear what you have to say4 ,we fell in with a war party of ,crows and ,blackfeet yesterday1 and defeated them1 and now we are fleeing to a safe place for our women and children1 lest they get reinforcements and come upon us and our families2 then with a motion1 the chief said1 ,forward1 and soon the whole band was on the move4 ,we estimated that the ,indians numbered about three thousand all told1 and there was a pony for every soul2 they were well supplied with rifles1 ,colt's revolvers1 bows1 arrows1 shields and some cutlasses1 and large1 heavy knives4 ,they were excellently mounted1 and their discipline could not well be improved for the country they were passing over and the force they were most likely to fall in with4 ,their flanking party was so arranged as to act as a front guard1 and at the same time drive all the game into a circle and thence into a second circle1 so that everything1 down to the smallest chipmunk and squirrel1 was bagged4 ,this was over a strip of country about eight miles by thirty2 and the pack of sagehens and squirrels that was brought into camp was astonishing4 ,the old and middle-aged men formed the rear guard1 while the whole female portion of the camp drove the pack animals4 ,the chief and his most confidential advisers rode just in front of these1 and we were called to be a part of the escort4 ,when all was on the move1 the camp made quite a formidable appearance4 ,it looked to us as if the shrubbery on our way had changed suddenly into a moving army1 what with people and ponies all moving up hill and down1 over the rolling country1 to the south1 between the high ,snake and ,wind ,river ranges of the great ,rocky ,mountains4 ,we thought of ancient ,israel1 of the ,ten ,tribes coming from the north country1 and of the promises that had been made to the ,indians by the prophets of their forefathers4 ,to us this was a great day of thought and meditation1 for at times it seemed to us that we could see the opening glories of a better day1 and could almost declare1 ,now is the dawn of the day of ,israel1 for we had a letter from that modern ,moses1 ,president ,brigham ,young1 to read and interpret to the red men1 and also the ,book of ,mormon to introduce to them that very evening1 for the first time2 and the question uppermost in our minds was as to whether they would receive it or not1 for there were many hard looking countenances in the throng1 and we could see plainly from their frowns that they were not at all friendly to us4 ,when we had traveled till about #c o'clock p4m41 camp was made in a lovely valley4 ,the chief's lodge was first pitched1 clean robes spread1 and we were invited to take seats thereon4 ,our horses1 packs and all1 were taken charge of by the women of the camp1 just where we dismounted1 and we had no more to do with our animals until we had use for them next day4 ,a little fire having been built in the center of the lodge1 the councilors began to file into their places1 each very quietly shaking hands with us1 some of them very coldly4 ,when all was quiet1 the chief said1 by gesture1 ,now tell us what you have to say4 ,tell it straight1 and no crooked talk1 for we do not want any lies1 but the truth4 ,it seemed to us that they were ready for square work1 so1 with as few words as possible1 we told ,washakie we had a letter from the big ,mormon captain to him and his people4 ,then he said1 ,tell us what it says1 and between the three of us we could tell him every word4 ,i am sorry that ,i have not at hand the full text of the letter1 but it was a very friendly document1 and1 so far as ,i can now remember1 told them that ,president ,young had sent us to ,washakie and his people as their friends1 that we were truthful and good men1 who would tell them many good things about how to live in peace with all people2 that ,president ,young and the ,mormon people were true friends to the ,indian race1 and wished them to be our friends1 that we might live in peace with each other1 for it would not be many years before all the game would be killed off or driven out of the country1 and the white men would want to come and settle in the land2 that if the ,indians would settle down and build houses like the white man1 and cultivate the land as the white man did1 when the game was gone they and their families would have something to eat4 ,president ,young proposed to furnish seed and tools1 and some good men to show and help the ,indians to put in their crops4 ,the letter further said that after a while1 when we understood each other better1 we would tell them about their forefathers1 and about ,god2 that we had a book that told a great many things regarding the ,great ,spirit's dealings with their forefathers1 and what ,he would do for them and their children4 ,then we presented the ,book of ,mormon to ,washakie1 while his lefthand man filled the pipe and drew a rude figure of the sun1 in the ashes of the smouldering fire2 he also muttered a few unintelligible words1 smote his chest with his hand1 took a whiff or two from the pipe1 passed it to the next man on his left1 and reached for the book2 he opened it and said it was no good for them--that it was only good for the white man4 ,in that same order the pipe and book passed around the circle twenty-one times1 and each time the ,indian made a new figure in the ashes1 each representing a different planet4 ,during the whole time only one man spoke at once4 ,one said1 ,this book is of no use to us4 ,if the ,mormon captain has nothing better to send than this1 we had better send it1 his letter1 and these men1 back to him1 and tell him that they are no good to us1 that we want powder1 lead and caps1 sugar1 coffee1 flour1 paints1 knives1 and blankets1 for those we can use4 ,send these men away to their own land4 ,another of the council1 when it came to his turn1 said1 ,we have no use for this book4 ,if the paper were all cut out and thrown away1 we could sew up the ends and put a strap on it1 and it would do for the white man's money bag2 but we have no use for it1 for we have no money to put in it4 ,he could not understand what good it was to the ,shoshone1 and said1 ,let the white man take it and go home1 and come back with something that we can eat1 or use to hunt with4 ,these were the sentiments expressed by the members of the council4 ,but ,washakie had not yet spoken1 and we anxiously awaited his decision4 ,,chapter ,,xlvii4 ,,washakie',s ,,bold ,,attitude--,,tells ,,his ,,councilors ,,they ,,are ,,fools--,,says ,,the ,,white ,,men1 ,,who ,,are ,,wise1 ,,have ,,books--,,tells ,,the ,,tradition ,,of ,,how ,,the ,,indians ,,fell ,,into ,,darkness--,,great ,,spirit ,,angry ,,at ,,the ,,red ,,man--,,advocates ,,that ,,the ,,indians ,,live ,,like ,,white ,,people--,,his ,,powerful ,,speech ,,gains ,,the ,,day ,,for ,,us--,,shoshone ,,tradition--,,we ,,start ,,home--,a ,,hungry ,,trip--,,return ,,to ,,the ,,indians1 ,,finding ,,them ,,sullen--,,fourth ,,of ,,july ,,celebration ,,at ,,fort ,,supply--,,return ,,home4 ,,the book passed around the entire circle without a solitary friend1 and came back to our hands4 ,the chief reached for it1 and when he got hold of the volume he looked at and opened it1 turned leaf after leaf as readily as though he had been accustomed to books1 then straightened to his full height as he sat there1 and looked around the circle4 ,are you all done talking8 he asked4 ,seeing every man with his hand on his mouth1 he spoke3 ,you are all fools2 you are blind1 and cannot see2 you have no ears1 for you do not hear2 you are fools1 for you do not understand4 ,these men are our friends4 ,the great ,mormon captain has talked with our ,father above the clouds1 and ,he told the ,mormon captain to send these good men here to tell us the truth1 and not a lie4 ,they have not got forked tongues4 ,they talk straight1 with one tongue1 and tell us that after a few more snows the buffalo will be gone1 and if we do not learn some other way to get something to eat1 we will starve to death4 ,now1 we know that is the truth1 for this country was once covered with buffalo1 elk1 deer and antelope1 and we had plenty to eat1 and also robes for bedding1 and to make lodges4 ,but now1 since the white man has made a road across our land1 and has killed off our game1 we are hungry1 and there is nothing for us eat4 ,our women and children cry for food1 and we have no meat to give them4 ,the time was when our ,father who lives above the clouds loved our fathers who lived long ago1 and ,his face was bright1 and ,he talked with our fathers4 ,his face shone upon them1 and their skins were white like the white man's4 ,then they were wise1 and wrote books1 and the ,great ,father talked good to them but after a while our people would not hear ,him1 and they quarreled and stole and fought1 until the ,great ,father got mad1 because ,his children would not hear ,him talk4 ,then ,he turned ,his face away from them1 and ,his back to them and that caused a shade to come over them1 and that is why our skin is black and our minds dark4 ,stripping up his shirt sleeve1 he continued3 ,that darkness came because the ,great ,father's back was towards us1 and now we cannot see as the white man sees4 ,we can make a bow and arrows1 but the white man's mind is strong and light4 ,picking up a ,colt's revolver1 he went on3 ,the white man can make this1 and a little thing that he carries in his pocket1 so that he can tell where the sun is on a dark day and when it is night he can tell when it will come daylight4 ,this is because the face of the ,father is towards him1 and ,his back is towards us4 ,but after a while the ,great ,father will quit being mad1 and will turn ,his face towards us4 ,then our skin will be light4 ,here the chief showed his bare arm again1 and said3 ,then our mind will be strong like the white man's1 and we can make and use things like he does4 ,the chief next drew a strong contrast between the ,indian's way of living and the white man's1 telling his people that the mode of the white man was far preferable to that of the ,indian4 ,he also told them that the ,great ,father had directed the big ,mormon captain to send these men to us to talk good talk1 and they have talked good1 and made our hearts feel very glad1 and we feel that it is good for them to come and shake hands4 ,they are our friends1 and we will be their friends4 ,their horses may drink our water1 and eat our grass1 and they may sleep in peace in our land4 ,we will build houses by their houses1 and they will teach us to till the soil as they do4 ,then1 when the snow comes and the game is fat1 we can leave our families by the ,mormons1 and go and hunt1 and not be afraid of our families being disturbed by other ,indians1 or by anybody else1 for the ,mormons are a good people4 ,let these three good men go1 and find a good place for us to live1 close by where they live2 and after a while we will come1 and they will show us how to build houses1 for they are our good and true friends1 and we wish they would go home1 and bring some blankets1 powder and lead1 knives1 paints1 beads1 flour1 sugar and coffee1 to trade for our furs1 pelts and robes4 ,washakie spoke thus with great power and wisdom1 while his wise old councilors sat with their heads bowed1 and their hands over their mouths1 only grunting assent to the strong points of his powerful speech1 of which this account is only a brief synopsis4 ,no vote was taken1 but seemingly every man gave his assent to the chief's decision1 by a grunt of approval4 ,then each man quietly withdrew1 and a kettle of boiled antelope meat was set before us4 ,the chief had a separate dish put before him4 ,then we retired for the night4 ,the camp was almost destitute of food1 notwithstanding the squirrels and sagehens that had been taken the day before4 ,the whole camp was hungry1 and the last morsel of our provisions was gone1 so next morning1 ,june #ith1 we left camp1 having a very scant breakfast of meat2 but we had introduced the ,book of ,mormon1 and had had the pleasure of having it received favorably by ,washakie1 the great ,shoshone chief1 and his council1 as the history of their forefathers4 ,the chief said the wolves had written that book when they were men1 but had since been turned into wolves2 that being an ancient tradition among the ,shoshones4 ,we rode hard all day the day that we left the ,shoshone camp1 and at sundown camped by a mountain leek spring1 without a bite to eat4 ,nor had we had anything to eat at dinner time2 so we made our supper of mountain leeks4 ,next morning1 the #ajth1 we had leeks for breakfast1 and at sunrise we were in the saddle1 and on our way back to where we had left the other brethren4 ,i was on the lead1 with a double-barreled shotgun before me4 ,we had not gone very far before a blue mountain pheasant flew up from under my horse's head1 and lit in the trail a few yards in front4 ,i shot it so quickly that ,i never thought of my horse being frightened4 ,another man jumped from his saddle1 and had the bird skinned before the blood had stopped flowing1 while the other built a fire4 ,the pheasant was broiled and eaten before the animal heat could have gone out of it1 if it had been left where it was shot4 ,then we traveled all that our horses could bear until #c o'clock p4m41 when we came to a flock of sagehens4 ,as ,i was still on the lead1 ,i shot three of them before the rest fled4 ,we broiled one of them1 and soon devoured it1 as we had the other bird1 then continued our journey till evening4 ,as we traveled along by a small stream of water1 ,i saw a fish about eighteen inches long1 and almost as quick as thought shot at and stunned it1 so that it turned up at the top of the water long enough for an ,indian boy who was traveling with us to shoot an arrow through it4 ,with the arrow sticking through it1 the fish shot up to where the creek widened out1 and ,i1 thinking the water only knee-deep1 plunged in up to my hips4 ,i caught the fish1 we broiled it for supper1 and ate it as we had done the birds and leeks--without salt or pepper4 ,on the #aath we had a bird for breakfast1 and traveled till afternoon1 counting that we had journeyed about one hundred and twenty-five miles1 and reached our camp1 where we found all well4 ,the boys soon spread a white man's meal before us1 and each of us did our part without a grumble4 ,then we made a short drive1 and on the #abth pushed forward on our way to ,fort ,supply1 reaching that place on the #adth4 ,we found all well1 and in good spirits4 ,june #aeth we loaded two wagons with a large assortment of ,indian goods1 as we had agreed to meet the ,indians with the merchandise1 in twenty days1 on the ,labarg1 a tributary of ,green ,river4 ,on the #bjth we reached that stream and as there were no ,indians there ,i sent ,joshua ,terry1 ,e4 ,barney ,ward1 and my cousin ,james ,m4 ,brown1 to inform the red men that we were on time as agreed4 ,it seemed that after we left them they had quarreled and divided into three parties1 and came very near righting among themselves4 ,they were therefore very different in spirit to when we left them4 ,at last they began to come and lodge in three distinct camps around our wagons4 ,on the #bhth1 all the ,indians were very sullen and did not seem to be the same people they were a few days before4 ,knowing something of their nature1 we turned out about seventy-five dollars' worth of provisions and other goods as a present4 ,still that did not seem to satisfy them2 they wanted all we had4 ,finally ,i told them that we had done as we had agreed to do1 and if they wished to trade we were ready4 ,they continued to manifest a very mean spirit1 and we were not able to sell more than five hundred dollars' worth of goods out of a stock of three thousand dollars4 ,on ,june #cjth we left three of our party with the ,indians1 while the rest of us returned to ,fort ,supply with our stock of goods4 ,the ,indians felt very bad because we had not given them all we had4 ,it was ,july #dth when we arrived at the fort1 and found the brethren there celebrating the glorious ,independence ,day4 ,i was quite ill1 but the brethren insisted on my taking the lead of the ceremonies4 ,that being my birthday1 ,i accepted the offer1 and we had a very enjoyable time4 ,from ,july #eth to the #ahth we continued our farm labors4 ,then ,e4 ,b4 ,ward and three or four other men1 including myself1 set out on a little exploring trip among the hills4 ,we crossed over to ,henry's ,fork1 then returned to ,smith's ,fork1 where we selected a place for the ,indians to settle when they saw fit4 ,having thus completed our obligations to them1 we returned to the fort1 and continued our labors until ,august #ast1 when we had a recruit of twelve men sent to us1 under command of ,john ,phelps4 ,about ,august #crd or #dth ,i rebaptized all the ,elders1 and baptized three of the first ,shoshone women that ever came into the ,church4 ,their names were ,mary1 ,sally ,ward1 and ,corger4 ,i also baptized a young ,indian man named ,corsetsy4 ,from the #eth to the #gth1 the ,indians came and went1 attended our meetings regularly1 and felt very friendly and somewhat inquisitive4 ,we gave them a few presents4 ,they said they were well pleased to have us locate in their country1 and were satisfied with the places we had selected for them to settle and live upon as we did4 ,on the #gth of ,august1 ,joshua ,terry and ,i started for ,salt ,lake ,city1 each with an ox team and two wagons loaded with furs1 pelts and robes4 ,we arrived in the city on the #aath1 and reported our success to ,governor ,young1 who was pleased with our efforts4 ,we also settled for the goods we had had of him4 ,on the #acth ,i started for ,ogden ,city1 and reached there the next day1 meeting my wife and firstborn child1 a daughter1 who was born ,august #ajth4 ,,chapter ,,xlviii4 ,,affairs ,,at ,,home--,,start ,,for ,,fort ,,supply--,,illness ,,of ,,myself ,,and ,,family--,,gift ,,of ,,healing--,,trouble ,,with ,,indians ,,at ,,fort ,,supply--,,turbulent ,,red ,,men--,i ,,help ,,one ,,off ,,my ,,bed--,,they ,,persist ,,in ,,taking ,,or ,,destroying ,,our ,,property--,,we ,,stop ,,them--,,one ,,attempts ,,to ,,kill ,,me--,,indians ,,retire ,,from ,,the ,,fort--,,almost ,a ,,conflict--,i ,,check ,,the ,,white ,,men ,,from ,,shooting--,,indians ,,withdraw--,,we ,,send ,,to ,,governor ,,young ,,for ,,assistance--,,our ,,stock ,,and ,,guards ,,driven ,,in--,,indian ,,agent ,,appears ,,with ,,annuities--,,the ,,savages ,,submit--,,we ,,guard ,,day ,,and ,,night--,,indians ,,more ,,peaceful--,,reinforcements ,,arrive ,,from ,,the ,,governor--,,matters ,,quiet ,,down4 ,,august #ad1 #ahee1 ,i went to ,salt ,lake ,city1 and on ,september #crd returned home4 ,on the #eth my family were taken sick with cholera morbus4 ,notwithstanding this sickness1 ,i started on my return to ,fort ,supply1 for it was the faith of myself and family that if ,i went to my mission they would be healed4 ,just as ,i mounted my horse to start out1 my uncle1 ,captain ,james ,brown1 came along and said1 ,jimmie1 are you going off and leaving your family sick8 ,i told him1 ,yes1 sir4 ,said he1 ,you are cold-hearted1 and ,i would not do it4 ,when ,i told him that they with me believed that if ,i would go to my missionary labors they would be healed sooner than if ,i should neglect my duties in that line1 he1 with uplifted hands1 said1 ,jim1 you're right4 ,go ahead1 and ,god bless you4 ,your family shall be healed1 and not suffer4 ,i will go in and pray for them4 ,he did so1 and ,i afterwards learned that they were healed the same hour that ,i proceeded on my journey4 ,i did not see them again till ,december #bjth1 when they told me that they had not been sick one day after ,i left4 ,although when ,i started out ,i was very ill myself with the same trouble1 and had to call at a friend's and get a dose of painkiller1 and take a rest for an hour or two before ,i could proceed on my way to ,salt ,lake ,city1 yet on the #acth ,i started for ,fort ,supply1 and overtook the two wagons which had preceded me the day before4 ,i travelled with them until the #agth1 then left them and went on horseback forty-five miles to the fort4 ,i was very sick for five days1 so that ,i had to keep my bed part of the time4 ,i found all well and the wheat harvest ready for the laborers1 a heavy frost having injured the crops considerably4 ,on ,friday1 ,september #bhth1 ,i sent four men to invite ,washakie to the fort1 and on the #bith we learned that ,chief ,tibunduets 7white man's child7 had just returned with his band from ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,october #ast ,i sent ,isaac ,bullock and ,amenzo ,baker to visit him4 ,they found him and all of his band feeling very bad and revengeful4 ,october #ajth ,tibunduets and his band threw down our fencing and came charging up through our field1 riding over wheat shocks1 and singing war songs4 ,at the same time the warriors from a camp above came into the fort with their weapons in their hands4 ,our men tried to be friendly and talked peace to them1 but it was not what they wanted4 ,they said they were heap mad1 for when they were in ,salt ,lake ,city the big ,mormon captain had written with blood on their children1 and a number of these had died while they were among the ,mormons4 ,these ,indians refused the seats offered them1 but jumped on the beds and behaved very saucily1 saying they wanted pay for the death of their children who had died on the ,mormon lands4 ,of course1 we could not afford to give presents of that kind1 and their demands were rejected4 ,three of the hostile ,indians went to my room1 and one engaging me in conversation1 the other two jumped on my bed and stretched themselves full length on it4 ,my cousin ,james ,m4 ,brown called my attention to their rude actions1 and ,i turned around and told them to get off my bed1 but they answered with a contemptuous laugh4 ,i told them a second time1 and they sneered again4 ,i stepped to the side of the bed and told them the third time1 and as they refused1 ,i jerked one of them off the bed so quickly that it surprised him1 and the other one thought he preferred to get off without that kind of help1 and did so quickly4 ,tibunduets made heavy demands on us1 which we could not comply with4 ,we told him that we were not prepared to do his bidding1 and he replied1 ,you're a wolf and a liar1 and you will steal4 ,then the ,indians turned their horses into our fields among our shocks of wheat and oats1 while their women went to digging and sacking our potatoes1 the ,indians throwing down our fences in many places and ordering our men out of the fields4 ,they told us to leave their lands1 and continued their insults until ,i sent some men out to order their women out of the potato patch4 ,the squaws only laughed at our men1 who returned and reported the results4 ,then ,i went out myself1 and as ,i passed a brush fence1 ,i caught up a piece of brush and started towards the potato diggers1 who screamed and ran away before ,i got near enough to use the stick4 ,i returned to the house and soon was followed by two young braves1 who rode up in front of the door and called for the captain4 ,i answered in person1 when the braves said1 ,you heap fight squaw1 you no fight ,injun4 ,they continued their insulting words and threats of violence1 until at last ,i ordered them out of the fort1 upon which one of them drew his bow and pointed his arrow at me1 within three feet of my breast4 ,at that one of my men pushed the horse's head between me and the arrow4 ,at the same time ,amenzo ,baker handed me a ,colt's revolver1 and another man covered the ,indian with a revolver4 ,at that movement the ,indians started for the big gate1 and as there was quite a number of warriors inside the fort ,i called my men out with their guns1 for the ,indians seemed determined on bloodshed4 ,they rushed outside1 and the white men followed them to where a young chief sat on his horse1 just outside of the gate4 ,there must have been a signal given to the camp above1 for the warriors came running with their rifles in hand1 until seventy-five to one hundred warriors were on the ground1 while there were only about forty white men4 ,everybody wanted to say something1 and in the confusion that followed some ten or twelve men leveled their guns to shoot1 being in such close quarters that they struck each other as they brought their weapons into position4 ,at that moment ,i sprang under the guns and held some of them up1 and forbade the men to shoot4 ,this act seemed to please the young chief1 and he commanded his men to desist4 ,i ordered my men back and into their bastions1 and to bar the gate4 ,this done1 ,i took a position in the watchtower1 where ,i talked with their chief through a porthole1 and told him that we were in a position to do them harm1 but did not wish to do so1 yet they must withdraw in peace and not molest our property1 for we should defend it and ourselves to the best of our ability4 ,i said that if they would withdraw peacefully we would not interfere with them1 but to that they would not agree4 ,after considerable parleying1 however1 they did withdraw to their camp among the cottonwood timber and willows on the creek1 and built large fires1 around which they danced and sang war songs the greater part of the night1 while we made every possible preparation for defense4 ,as captain of the fort1 ,i wrote a despatch to the governor and superintendent of ,indian affairs1 stating the facts4 ,then we covered with blankets a slab bridge that had to be crossed near the gates1 to deaden the sound of the horse's feet as he went out1 and a clever young man by the name of ,benjamin ,roberts speeded away with the note to ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,on the #aath all was quiet4 ,a few ,indian lodges remained near our fort1 and the women and children were around them as usual1 so ,isaac ,bullock and ,i went down to learn what the situation was4 ,we found some of them friendly1 while others were very sulky4 ,the main part of the ,indian camp had gone down the creek1 and we thought it safe to turn our stock out under a mounted guard1 with one man in the watchtower to keep a lookout4 ,about #b p4m4 the man at the watchtower sounded an alarm1 saying he saw a great dust in the north2 and a few minutes later he shouted that a large body of horsemen was in sight1 coming rapidly from the north1 while our horse guards were coming with our band of horses1 hastening with all speed to the fort4 ,immediately every man was called to take a position for prompt action4 ,i occupied a commanding place1 giving instructions to the men not to shoot without my order1 and then not unless they felt sure of making every shot tell4 ,they were told to see that every tube was filled with powder1 for here they come1 said ,i2 keep cool boys1 for it is a close race with our men and horses4 ,it was a question of which would reach the fort first1 they or the ,indians4 ,the race was so close that the guards with our band just succeeded in getting in with the animals in time to close the gates against the ,indian ponies1 whose riders called out1 ,open the gates6 ,they were answered with a positive ,no6 not until you give up your arms4 ,they had three mountain men in their party of over one hundred warriors1 who shouted that they would be responsible if we would let them in1 for the ,indian agent1 ,george ,armstrong1 was a short distance in the rear1 with two wagons loaded with goods for the ,indians4 ,as ,i had not been advised of the agent's approach from any other source1 ,i still refused them admittance4 ,soon the agent's wagons were in sight1 and some of his party came up and told the ,indians they would have to give up their arms before they could enter the fort1 for the captain was determined not to allow them in with their arms4 ,at last they submitted1 and the gate was opened just wide enough for one man to pass through4 ,i stepped outside1 the ,indians handed their arms to me1 ,i passed them to the other men1 and they placed them on a part of a wagon sheet4 ,then the weapons were bound up strongly and taken away and put in my room1 and a guard placed over them4 ,the ,indians were then told that they could enter the fort and pass directly into the blockhouse1 but would not be permitted to wander around in the fort4 ,about this time the agent's wagons rolled up and were hastily unloaded4 ,then a friendly smoke took place1 and a short council1 in which the ,indians agreed that they would withdraw in peace and go to their hunting grounds1 and would not molest us any more4 ,they said we might remain on their lands let our stock eat grass and drink water in peace2 that we might cultivate the lands and use what timber we wanted1 and that they would be our friends1 and we their friends4 ,the goods the agent had for the ,indians were then turned over to them4 ,on the #acth the red men brought in a report that the ,sioux ,indians had killed one of ,jack ,robinson's beeves4 ,this they did to screen themselves1 for it was they and not the ,sioux who had killed the animal4 ,the agent gave them a beef ox1 and they moved down the creek4 ,on the #adth the agent and party returned home1 and we kept up a guard day and night to prevent being surprised by the renegades of the ,indian camps2 for we had evidence of their treachery4 ,we had given them back their arms1 and when they obtained all we had for them they said the white man was heap good1 ,shoshone no kay nabatint ,mormon4 7,shoshones do not want to fight ,mormons47 ,they packed and left1 feeling quite pleased4 ,general ,r4 ,t4 ,burton with a party of twenty-five men were met at ,fort ,bridger on the #afth1 by myself and a small party4 ,on the #agth ,i went with them to ,fort ,supply1 while they concluded to send out a scout to ascertain whether the ,indians really had crossed the ,green ,river or not1 thinking that if they did we could be satisfied that all was right4 ,when our scouts returned and reported that all had crossed the river and gone farther on1 ,general ,burton and command returned home1 while myself and men did up our fall work at ,fort ,supply4 ,,chapter ,,xlix4 ,,start ,,home ,,from ,,fort ,,supply--,,camp ,,alone ,,at ,,needle ,,rock--,,awakened ,,by ,,my ,,horse--,,surrounded ,,by ,,wolves--,,flash ,,powder ,,all ,,night ,,to ,,keep ,,off ,,the ,,wild ,,beasts--,,reach ,,home--,,supplies ,,short--,,hardships ,,of ,a ,,grasshopper ,,year--,,getting ,,my ,,cattle ,,out ,,of ,a ,,canyon--,,perils ,,of ,,being ,,caught ,,in ,,the ,,snow--,,great ,,suffering--,,breaking ,a ,,snow ,,road--,,business ,,affairs4 ,,the writer left ,fort ,supply ,december #ad1 #ahee1 and started for his home in ,ogden ,city on horseback and alone1 having placed ,isaac ,bullock in charge of affairs at the fort4 ,the first night out ,i camped at a place called ,needle ,rock1 just east of ,yellow ,creek4 ,there ,i selected a spot where the feed was good1 picketed out my horse1 set my saddle over the picket pin1 and spread my blankets so as to lay my head on the saddle1 lest the coyotes should cut my riata and turn loose the horse4 ,as ,i was alone and yet in an ,indian country1 ,i did not make a fire1 but ate a cold lunch1 rolled up in my blankets1 and soon dropped to sleep1 to be awakened by my horse snorting and kicking4 ,the animal brushed his nose on my head before ,i was sufficiently awake to understand what he meant by his actions2 but no sooner was ,i aroused than ,i found that he was surrounded by a pack of large1 grey wolves which were growling and snapping at his heels and at each other4 ,the night was so dark that ,i could plainly see the fierce eyes of my ravenous enemies shining in the darkness all around me4 ,i had a good ,colt's revolver1 but having heard that if wolves smelled blood when they were gathered in such a pack they would attack man or beast1 ,i reserved my fire4 ,i remembered having heard that these wild beasts were afraid of the flash and smell of burning powder1 so ,i spread some gunpowder on the leathers of my saddle1 and with flint and steel struck fire1 and in that way flashed powder by intervals all night4 ,the wolves would run off1 but return in a short time1 as if determined to have flesh4 ,my horse was too weak to attempt to flee1 and as for myself ,i had become so chilled and benumbed that it was with some difficulty that ,i could keep up the flashes till daylight1 at which time the pack of wolves went away1 leaving horse and rider to resume their sufficiently hazardous journey without such unwelcome company4 ,i crossed over to the head of ,echo ,canyon1 where ,i found a yoke of oxen that some emigrants had left to die4 ,as the animals had got rested up1 ,i thought ,i could drive them in and save their lives1 but had to abandon them in ,round ,valley1 ,weber ,canyon4 ,then1 on a poor1 jaded horse1 ,i pursued my way1 arriving at home about #i p4m4 on ,december #bjth4 ,,image3 ,,surrounded ,,by ,a ,,pack ,,of ,,hungry ,,wolves ,i found all well1 but winter supplies of food so short that ,i sold the only respectable suit of clothes ,i had for breadstuff4 ,i had about worn out all the rest of my clothing when ,i was in the ,indian country1 so that ,i had but one old flannel shirt left1 and that ,i had made out of two old ones4 ,i had one pair of buckskin pants1 a rough beaver cap and a pair of moccasins4 ,it will be remembered by the early residents of ,utah that the year #ahee was a grasshopper year1 as well as a season of great drought1 and therefore one of the hardest years that many of the people had ever experienced1 both for man and beast4 ,hundreds of horses and cattle starved to death1 and many of the people barely escaped the same sad fate4 ,i could do no better than to let my horses go out on the range to die of starvation and cold1 and turn my hand to anything ,i could get to do to earn an honest dollar4 ,soon after arriving home ,i was called to devote a portion of my time in traveling from settlement to settlement1 and preaching to the people2 also in visiting the ,indian camps along the ,weber ,river and preaching and talking to them1 for it was a terrible winter for the ,indians4 ,before entering upon these duties1 however1 ,i returned to where ,i had left my cattle to rest for a few days1 and where the feed was tolerably good4 ,when ,i started out it commenced to storm and by the time ,i reached the cattle the snow was eighteen inches deep4 ,before ,i could get out of the canyon with the animals the snow was two and a half feet deep4 ,my horse gave out1 and ,i had to travel on foot1 breaking the trail and leading the horse a few rods1 then going back and driving up the cattle4 ,i continued these efforts until myself and stock were exhausted4 ,when ,i tried to start a fire1 my matches were all wet4 ,i had left my rifle and shotpouch at home1 and in the pouch were my faithful flint and steel1 which had never failed me4 ,but for the snow1 the night was total darkness4 ,at last ,i reached a clump of cottonwood trees1 and for a time ,i thought ,i would die of exhaustion and thirst4 ,i knew that if ,i ceased to exert myself ,i would chill to death4 ,finally it occurred to my mind to tear off a piece of my shirt1 roll it up1 hold it in one hand1 and with my revolver shoot through it and start a fire4 ,i found a large sagebrush1 and from it gathered the dry bark4 ,this ,i wrapped around the roll of shirt1 then fired a shot through it1 and in that way succeeded in starting a flame4 ,as there was plenty of wood handy1 ,i built and kept up a large fire during the night4 ,the river banks were so steep that it was impossible in the darkness to get water to drink4 ,i was driven almost frantic by thirst1 but finally thought to take off my heavy leggings1 place them in a position so that they would form a kind of basin1 and cover them with snow1 so the fire would melt it to water in the leather bowl4 ,in that way ,i obtained water and quenched my terrible thirst4 ,my blankets and everything ,i had on had been soaked thoroughly with the melting snow1 but ,i succeeded in drying all during the night4 ,the dawn of day was welcome indeed1 but my troubles were not yet over1 for ,i found my animals standing in snow to their necks1 and they would not move out of their tracks only as ,i broke an opening around and urged them on4 ,the snow was so wet and heavy that it was an awful task to break a road and get those animals through for the first five miles4 ,after that the snow was not so deep1 and with a very great effort and hazard of life ,i succeeded in reaching ,ogden1 as thankful as ,i ever was in my life to get home--to home1 sweet home4 ,being once more with my family and friends1 ,i got up my winter wood and visited the people as a teacher4 ,in the spring ,i finished a two-roomed house that ,i had under way on ,main ,street4 ,i then moved into it1 preparatory to going to ,fort ,supply again1 but was honorably released by ,president ,young from further missionary labors in that part4 ,i rented land1 put in corn and potatoes1 and spent the fore part of the summer at farm labor4 ,having acquired a fourth interest in three ferries on ,green ,river1 ,i arranged with my three partners1 ,isaac ,bullock1 ,louis ,robinson and ,w4 ,hickman1 so that ,i did not have to go there1 as my health was not very good2 hence ,i remained at ,ogden4 ,,chapter ,l4 ,,called ,,on ,a ,,mission ,,to ,,deep ,,creek ,,indians--,,short ,,time ,,for ,,the ,,journey--,,prepare ,,for ,,the ,,trip--,,journey ,,in ,,the ,,desert--,,horses ,,stolen--,,travel ,,on ,,foot--,,saved ,,from ,,perishing ,,with ,,thirst--,,meet ,,the ,,indians--,,could ,,understand ,,and ,,speak ,,to ,,them--,,indian ,,agent',s ,,offer--,i ,,act ,,as ,,interpreter--,,preach ,,to ,,the ,,indians--,,on ,,the ,,return ,,trip--,,visit ,,governor ,,young ,,with ,a ,,delegation ,,of ,,bannock ,,indians4 ,,on ,august #bb1 #ahef1 ,i received a letter from ,president ,young1 calling me to take a mission of thirty days1 west across the desert1 to ,deep ,creek1 to the ,indians in that region4 ,as ,i did not understand fully the object of the mission1 ,i thought there was some mistake in the letter1 since the distance that had to be traveled out and back would be about five hundred miles and ,i was to preach to a tribe of ,indians ,i had never seen1 much less being able to speak their dialect1 and do it all with only thirty days' rations4 ,to me it was1 to say the least1 a singular call2 so ,i went to ,salt ,lake ,city ,august #bcrd1 to find out that the letter meant just what it said1 no less2 only that ,geo4 ,w4 ,armstrong1 an ,indian agent from ,provo1 was going out to distribute some goods among the ,indians1 and it would be a good time to send a few missionaries to preach to the red men4 ,from ,salt ,lake ,city ,i returned to ,ogden and purchased a splendid mare of widow ,ruth ,stuart1 on credit1 promising to pay when ,i could4 ,on the #bgth ,i joined ,mr4 ,armstrong and twenty-five other men in ,salt ,lake ,city1 fitting up for the journey1 some as guards to the agent and some as missionaries4 ,among those ,i remember were ,seth ,m4 ,blair1 ,oliver ,huntington1 ,ormus ,bates1 ,john ,whitney1 ,j4 ,cooley1 ,harrison ,sagers1 ,harrison ,sevier1 and ,peter ,conover2 there were others whose names ,i do not now recall4 ,the company left the city on ,august #bith1 and traveled through ,tooele1 ,rush ,valley1 and over ,johnson's ,pass into ,skull ,valley4 ,with five others of the party1 however1 ,i went around by what is now called ,dugway1 and met the rest of the company at the springs in ,skull ,valley4 ,on ,september #bnd1 we reached ,granite ,rock1 sometimes called ,granite ,mountain1 as it stands out in the midst of the desert4 ,there the company camped at some alkali springs1 where1 with cup and bucket1 it took all night to dip water for the stock4 ,next morning we found that the ,indians had stolen all the team horses1 eight head1 so the agent called on the men to volunteer their saddle horses to take his wagons across the desert4 ,among the rest1 ,i let my horse go1 and eight of us set out on foot to cross the desert1 while some went after the stolen stock4 ,other horsemen pushed across to water1 and the teams brought up the rear4 ,the route was brushy and rocky1 in some places there was heavy sand1 in other parts stiff alkali mud1 and much of the time without a sign of a road4 ,the writer was taken very sick with a severe bowel complaint and was compelled to turn to one side1 so ,i fell behind my fellow footmen4 ,the teams lagged in the sand and mud till long after dark4 ,i became so weak and faint that ,i could not travel any longer1 and ,i laid down on the damp ground1 so tired and thirsty that it seemed impossible for me to live until morning without relief4 ,when ,i had laid down for some time1 ,i heard my bunkmate1 ,doc4 ,woodward1 shout that he had found water and filled his canteen1 and was coming back hunting the missed and needy one4 ,when he got near enough for me to answer him1 ,i did so1 and with a drink ,i was somewhat revived4 ,i was helped on my friend's horse1 and we proceeded on for about five miles to camp and water4 ,one of the party gave me a brandy toddy1 spread my blankets1 and ,i turned in1 a very grateful sufferer4 ,i was given a cup of coffee1 after which ,i felt very much relieved1 and by morning was ready to resume the journey1 the wagons having come up about #aa p4m4 ,next morning1 ,september #dth1 we moved up five or six miles1 to what was called ,fish ,springs4 ,there we found a number of ,indians1 and the party pitched camp for a few days4 ,when the animals had been cared for and fires built1 the ,indians gathered around in considerable numbers4 ,as they were talking among themselves1 the writer understood and commenced to speak with them in their own dialect1 at which they were surprised and said one to another1 ,who is this man1 that talks our talk8 ,he has never been in our country before4 ,i was no less astonished myself2 and ,i call the reader's attention now to the peculiar feature of a man being called to fit himself out with provisions to last him thirty days1 travel out in the desert two hundred and fifty or three hundred miles1 and preach to a tribe of ,indians in whose country he had never been and whom he had never seen before4 ,yet when the agent's interpreters failed to get the ,indians to understand1 the agent asked if ,i could talk with them4 ,i told him ,i had never seen these ,indians before that hour1 but1 said ,i1 ,i understand them1 and you see they understand me4 ,yes1 said the agent1 but ,i do not see how it is that you can talk with them4 ,i have two men employed as interpreters1 but they cannot make the ,indians understand4 ,now if you can make them comprehend what ,i wish to tell them1 ,i will pay you three dollars per day from the time that you left home until you return there4 ,i do not know whether ,i can do your talking or not1 was my response to this proposition4 ,i came here to preach to this people1 and ,i have power given me to do it in their own tongue4 ,but ,i do not know whether ,i will be permitted to speak for you or not2 if ,i am1 ,i will talk for you4 ,all right1 said ,mr4 ,armstrong1 have them form a circle in front of my wagons1 and tell them who ,i am1 and what the great father at ,washington has sent me here for2 that ,i have brought them clothing and blankets as a present from the great father at ,washington1 and that he expects them to be good people and live in peace with each other1 and also with other people1 and if they will do so the great father will send good men to bring more goods to them4 ,when ,i told them what the agent wanted1 they at once formed a circle as desired1 to the satisfaction of all present4 ,then the agent distributed the goods1 to the great pleasure of the ,indians4 ,he talked very kindly to them and gave them much good advice4 ,i interpreted what he said1 and then continued to preach to them1 telling them about the ,book of ,mormon and their forefathers1 and many other things of interest to them4 ,i seemed to have perfect liberty of speech as ,i desired it1 in their dialect1 and they listened attentively to all ,i had to say4 ,the next day ,seth ,m4 ,blair1 ,peter ,conover1 ,ormus ,bates and myself and four or five other men that belonged to the missionary part of the camp1 employed an ,indian guide to travel south around the head of ,deep ,creek1 to see what natural advantages there were for settlements1 but we failed to find anything inviting until we came to ,deep ,creek1 where the country seemed quite suitable for stock raising4 ,about the #aath of ,september the party returned to the agent's camp1 where we again met with many of the ,indians1 who wished us to stop and live with them as their friends1 adding1 ,if you will not stop with us1 then tell the big ,mormon captain to send some good ,mormon men that will tell the truth and show us how to make clothes like the white man4 ,it was the next day1 ,i think1 that the party started back to ,salt ,lake ,city1 the agent having secured his team horses4 ,we traveled north of ,granite ,rock1 and around the point of the mountain to the lake1 thence along the shore to ,grantsville4 ,we tarried one day with ,mr4 ,cooley1 and partook of the hospitality of himself and family4 ,after our visit to the ,deep ,creek ,indians1 some of them claimed to have received dreams and visions1 in which heavenly messengers appeared and told them to go into ,tooele and call on the ,bishops1 who would tell them what to do1 and for them to obey the ,bishops4 ,accordingly1 scores of them went to ,grantsville and related their story1 when they were told to believe in ,christ and repent and be baptized4 ,many of them obeyed this advice1 and then a missionary was sent out and located among them4 ,with our one day's rest at ,grantsville1 the party continued on to ,salt ,lake ,city1 where ,mr4 ,armstrong paid me ninety dollars in cash for my services as interpreter4 ,i returned home and paid the ninety dollars on the mare ,i had purchased on credit for the mission4 ,my labors as a missionary1 however1 were still called for1 and ,i visited all the settlements in ,weber ,county1 also the ,indian camps1 and acted as a presiding teacher in ,ogden ,city1 often being called to arbitrate differences between the white people and ,indians4 ,about that time ,snag1 the ,bannock ,indian chief1 and twelve of his prominent men called on me to accompany them to ,salt ,lake ,city to see ,president ,brigham ,young on some business4 ,they said they wished a friendly talk1 and to tell some of their grievances and ask some favors of him4 ,the latter constituted the greater part of their business4 ,i accompanied them to ,president ,young's residence1 where he received them kindly1 furnishing them with necessary supplies of food and fuel4 ,next day1 after they had had a very friendly talk with the ,president1 he gave orders to the ,bishops in the northern settlements to supply the ,indians' wants as far as practicable1 as it was cheaper to feed than to fight them4 ,then after all the complaints of the ,bannocks had been satisfactorily adjusted1 we left1 they for their homes in the north near ,fort ,hall1 the writer for ,ogden1 where ,i continued my labors4 ,,chapter ,,li4 ,,utah ,,militia ,,organized--,,elected ,,captain ,,of ,a ,,company--,,hear ,,of ,,johnston',s ,,army--,,scouting ,,party ,,sent ,,out--,i ,,am ,,chosen ,,as ,,guide--,,travel ,,to ,,the ,,bear ,,lake ,,country--,,cold ,,nights ,,and ,,little ,,food--,,complaint ,,in ,,the ,,party--,,prove ,,that ,i ,,am ,,right--,,reach ,,lost ,,creek--,,some ,,of ,,the ,,men ,,object ,,to ,,double ,,guard--,a ,,discovery ,,that ,,removes ,,all ,,objections--,,strike ,,the ,,trail ,,of ,,horsemen--,,prepare ,,for ,,action--,,take ,a ,,camp ,,by ,,surprise--,,the ,,men ,,are ,,friends--,,arrive ,,at ,,ogden--,,called ,,to ,,go ,,on ,,an ,,important ,,errand--,,tussle ,,with ,,an ,,indian--,,fail ,,in ,,getting ,,desired ,,information1 ,,and ,,return ,,to ,,ogden4 ,,in the spring of #aheg ,i rented some land and put in a crop4 ,soon after this an order came from ,governor ,young to the ,weber ,county officials to organize the militia of the county1 which was done4 ,i was elected captain of the first company of infantry in the ,weber militia district4 ,the company consisted of captain1 commissioned and non-commissioned officers1 and one hundred men of the rank and file4 ,chauncey ,w4 ,west1 then the ,bishop of ,weber ,county1 was commissioned general of the district4 ,he appointed days for drill1 and four companies came together in ,ogden ,city for that service4 ,at that time we had not learned of threatened danger from any source except occasional ,indian raids2 but no sooner had we got properly organized and ready for self-defense than news came from the east to ,governor ,young that an invading army was coming1 with hostile threats against the citizens of ,utah4 ,as the governor had not been officially notified of the approach of ,united ,states troops1 his official oath bound him to repel any invading forces4 ,he accordingly sent out scouts to ascertain the movements of the troops referred to1 and soon learned that there was a well equipped army of nearly ten thousand men on their way west1 with the avowed purpose1 it was said1 of destroying the ,mormon ,church and people4 ,some time in ,august ,general ,west called out twelve or fifteen men as a scouting party1 to go over in the ,bear ,lake country1 along the emigrant road1 and from there to the head of ,lost ,creek and down the ,weber ,river4 ,he had heard of a party going up ,lost ,creek1 and over to the ,bear ,lake country4 ,general ,west appointed ,major ,monroe to take charge of the party1 of which the writer was called to be one1 as ,i had been acquainted with mountain travel and understood the ,indian language4 ,general ,west told the major to make no move of importance without consulting me as to the journey4 ,the party proceeded to the divide between ,north ,ogden and ,ogden ,valley1 where we halted and the major privately told me that he was not accustomed to journeys of that kind1 and wished me to lead the party through1 for ,i had more experience than he had4 ,i declined the responsibility1 but the major said3 ,i will be responsible if you will lead4 so ,i headed out to ,blacksmith ,fork and thence to ,bear ,lake1 and around the east side thereof to the river4 ,we crossed to the ,california road near the present site of ,montpelier1 thence back east to the road where ,cokeville settlement is now located4 ,as we failed to learn anything of importance1 we returned back over the river and struck out for the head of ,lost ,creek1 where it was supposed that we would fall in with the scouts from the approaching army4 ,the nights began to be cold1 and the food supply was getting low4 ,the horses were somewhat jaded1 the route very rough1 and the most of the party were young and inexperienced4 ,they began to complain and said that nobody had ever traveled in so rough a country as that1 and it was all foolishness to be wearing ourselves out in that way4 ,they said the writer did not know himself where he was going1 and ,i had no business to be on the lead1 as that was ,major ,monroe's place4 ,the major1 however1 promptly told the party that ,i was in the proper place4 ,finally ,i called a halt and told the party that ,i knew that we were going just right and had been on a trail all day1 but they did not know it4 ,they asked1 ,where is your trail8 and ,i again told them that we were on it4 ,they laughed at me when ,i said1 ,i can prove it to you1 and even tell you the color of the horses that have passed this way4 ,but they thought me a fool to talk thus1 so ,i told one of the young men to jump down and remove the leaves from a root of a tree that stood near by a steep bank1 as it was plain to the practiced eye that an old trail passed there1 and when the leaves were removed he would find that the bark had been bruised at the roots of the tree by the hoofs of passing horses4 ,he found the trail and the bark off the tree roots1 as ,i had said4 ,i told the men to look on the tree about the height of a pony's side1 and they would find hair that would tell them the color of the ponies that had passed there4 ,they found bay and white horses' hair4 ,next ,i said to them1 ,look on the point of that snag which projects over the trail4 ,they did so1 and found a duplicate of the hair they had found on the tree4 ,then they said that ,i could prove anything ,i pleased1 and they would not dispute with me any more4 ,the party passed on down ,lost ,creek1 to a point where the country was more open4 ,when camping time came we turned into a little creek bottom and put out the stock4 ,i remarked to the major that ,i felt as though we should put on a double guard that night4 ,this was more than some of the boys thought they could stand4 ,several said that ,i would run the party to death1 but that they would not submit to any extra guard4 ,others said there was no use for any guard1 for nobody but ,brown would ever lead a party there2 but just then some one hallooed1 and we found1 on looking1 that no one was missing from camp4 ,one said it was a coyote1 another that it was an owl4 ,again the cry was heard distinctly1 and no doubt remained of its being a human voice4 ,then the order was given to get up the stock1 ready for whatever might come4 ,the horses were soon picketed near camp1 and every man thought it was proper to put on a double guard that night1 some of the boys remarking that ,brown was not such a fool as they had thought4 ,things settled down for the night1 and next morning the party started out4 ,we had gone less than a mile when we saw fresh horse tracks made by shod horses1 and the droppings looked so new that ,i directed a young man to ascertain if they were warm4 ,the novel way in which the young man performed that task created some merriment for the moment4 ,then the party continued on a short distance1 when we saw a smoke just over the creek bank ahead4 ,every man was ready to obey orders1 and all dismounted at command and tightened up their saddle girths4 ,then came the order to see that every tube was filled with dry powder1 and each man was assigned his position for action4 ,the party was instructed not to halt without orders1 and not to let a horse put his head down to drink4 ,if perchance we saw a blanket1 a handkerchief1 or any camp equipage1 we were to pass it unnoticed2 if brush or any obstructions were observed1 we might be certain that all such signs meant ambuscade4 ,we then advanced cautiously and found evidence of a party about our own number1 lying encamped at the fire4 ,we pressed forward on the trail1 and found several bushes lapped across it1 so that we felt certain we would soon fall in with those ahead1 whom we felt sure could be none other than a scouting party from ,johnston's army4 ,we prepared for the worst1 and as we were moving on double-quick time we saw a man running towards a grove of cottonwood trees1 from a point of the mountain4 ,next we saw the horses of a party of scouts1 the top of whose tent was soon discovered4 ,quickly capturing the horses1 we charged on the tent and surrounded it4 taking the men by surprise4 ,as they began to file out of their tent1 our party leveled their rifles and called on them to surrender4 ,just at that moment one of the surprised party recognized one of our men1 so that we only required them to acknowledge that they were dropped on1 a phrase used in those times to express the condition4 ,we were not long in ascertaining that the party was a scout from ,davis ,county1 in pursuit of the same reported detachment we had been sent to intercept4 ,but neither of us had seen or heard anything of the party that was supposed to be in the region of country we had been over4 ,without much delay1 our party hastened home to ,ogden ,city1 and joined our regiment1 finding much excitement and hearing many rumors4 ,it seemed that there was no rest for me1 for in a day or two ,general ,west called on me to visit the camp of ,james and ,ben ,simons1 who lived about twenty miles up the ,weber ,river4 ,the men named were ,cherokee ,indians who1 it was said1 were in possession of some important information which the general wanted to get4 ,he told me to learn what ,i could from the ,simonses1 as they were friendly4 ,when ,i got to the mouth of the canyon ,i chanced to meet ,ben ,simons coming from ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,it was evident the ,indian had been drinking1 and as soon as ,i met him he drew his ,colt's revolver and said1 ,hold on there6 threatening to kill me if ,i was ,uncle ,sam's man4 ,i succeeded in riding close alongside of him1 grabbed his pistol and held the muzzle away from me4 ,i tried to persuade him not to shoot1 for we must be good friends4 ,he yelled again that if ,i were a ,mormon ,i must fight his old uncle or he would kill me4 ,he was a powerful man1 and ,i had all that ,i could do to keep the pistol turned from me4 ,for ten miles ,i had to tussle with that ,indian1 and at times thought ,i would have to shoot him in self-defense2 but after the most disagreeable and hazardous ten miles' ride of my whole life1 we came to ,gordon ,beckstead's ranch4 ,simons regarded ,beckstead as his friend4 ,the latter persuaded the warrior to dismount and have a drink of whisky with him1 and let me go my way1 for ,i was a good friend to both of them4 ,i went to ,james ,simons' camp but failed to get the information desired4 ,simons was very friendly1 and said that if he heard anything of interest he would be pleased to let us know it at once4 ,i then returned to my regiment1 which was ordered into camp the next day4 ,we bivouacked on the east bench in ,ogden ,city4 ,,chapter ,,lii4 ,,off ,,on ,,another ,,scout--,,again ,,on ,,bear ,,river--,,dream ,,of ,,seeing ,,troops--,,dream ,,fulfilled--,,send ,,word ,,back ,,of ,,discovery--,,five ,,hundred ,,cavalrymen--,,heavy ,,storm--,,my ,,only ,,remaining ,,companion ,,taken ,,ill--,,he ,,is ,,healed ,,and ,i ,,am ,,stricken ,,down--,,camp ,,in ,,the ,,snow--,,my ,,companion1 ,,expecting ,,me ,,to ,,die1 ,,prepares ,,to ,,take ,,my ,,body ,,home--,,he ,,returns1 ,,prays ,,for ,,me1 ,,and ,i ,,am ,,healed--,,stricken ,,down ,,again--,i ,,direct ,,him ,,to ,,leave ,,me ,,and ,,return ,,home--,,he ,,obeys ,,reluctantly--,i ,,expect ,,to ,,die--,,peculiar ,,experiences--,,four ,,young ,,men1 ,,sent ,,by ,,my ,,comrade1 ,,come ,,to ,,my ,,relief--,,journey ,,on--,,lighting ,,fire ,,in ,a ,,storm--,,the ,,young ,,men ,,pray ,,for ,,me1 ,,and ,i ,,am ,,relieved--,,traveling ,,homeward--,,kind ,,treatment--,,reach ,,ogden--,,act ,,as ,,sexton--,,guard ,,over ,,spies--,,utah ,,militia ,,recalled--,,missionary ,,labors ,,in ,,weber ,,county4 ,,the first night in camp at ,ogden1 ,general ,west and his adjutant1 ,d4 ,gamble1 called at my tent1 and told me ,i was wanted to take charge of a scouting party to go over in the ,bear ,lake country1 and start by sunrise next morning4 ,they directed me to choose the men ,i would like to have accompany me1 and they should be released to go home and prepare4 ,i made a list of five young1 active men1 who met me next morning at sunrise1 having received their orders4 ,we proceeded to the emigrant road across the ,bear ,river1 about fifteen miles above the lake4 ,there we met with some emigrants1 but could not learn anything from them1 so we crossed back to the foot hills1 and there camped in a secluded place1 where we could overlook the emigrant road4 ,next morning at #d o'clock ,i awoke from a dream1 in which ,i had seen two hundred and fifty cavalrymen come and pitch camp just across the river from where we were2 then ,i saw two hundred and fifty more come and reinforce the first detachment2 ,i also saw their baggage and artillery wagons4 ,i was impressed so forcibly with the dream that ,i called my comrades and told them to prepare for a move1 while ,i went up one of the high points and watched developments4 ,at daybreak ,i saw the camp of the first two hundred and fifty men1 saw them form in line for roll call1 and a mounted guard drive their horses across the river towards our camp4 ,the main object of our scout was to learn if the army or any portion of it was coming down ,bear ,river and into ,salt ,lake ,valley from the north1 and if we saw any troops on that route to communicate the information to headquarters at the earliest moment possible1 so that our forces could meet them at the best places on the route1 and repulse them4 ,that that end might be served ,i sent two of my men with a dispatch to ,general ,west1 and as soon as the messengers had gone out of call ,i again went on the hill4 ,everything was ready to move as developments might indicate1 and just as the first party was saddling its horses ,i saw the second two hundred and fifty come up and join the first party4 ,then the five hundred cavalrymen proceeded down the river1 just as ,i had seen them in my dream4 ,this necessitated a second dispatch and two more of my men1 leaving me only one1 with whom ,i followed up the troops till they camped4 ,it rained and snowed alternately all that day and night4 ,my comrade1 ,james ,davis1 and ,i went after dark within the lines of the troops1 but did not learn of their intentions4 ,davis was taken with something like a congestive chill1 and we were forced to retreat into the hills1 where we camped for the night4 ,davis was so bad that ,i worked in the storm all night with him and prayed for him2 at last he was healed and we set out on our way home at daylight4 ,about #h a4m4 the writer came down sick1 just the same as my friend had been1 only ,i also suffered with pleurisy in the right side4 ,i could ride no further1 so we camped in the snow1 where it was about eight inches deep4 ,snow was still falling as it can only in the mountain country4 ,our clothes were wet as could be1 and our blankets were in the same condition4 ,the only food we had was the crumbs and dust from some crackers4 ,davis succeeded in making a fire1 but by that time ,i had cramped so that ,i could not speak4 ,davis1 supposing ,i was dying1 started out to a quakingasp grove to get some poles to make an ,indian litter or drag1 on which he thought to take my body home4 ,as he went he felt he ought to have faith and pray for his comrade1 as he had been prayed for the night before2 so he fell on his knees and prayed1 as he afterwards said1 as he never had done before4 ,then something said to him1 ,go back and put your hands on him and pray again1 and he will be healed2 and it was even so4 ,we then traveled some fifteen miles1 when the sun shone4 ,we partly dried our blankets by a fire and the sun1 and continued our journey for some ten miles1 when ,i had a second attack of illness1 which was so severe that ,i thought ,i had better die alone in the mountains than to allow the enemy to gain the advantage in the country4 ,consequently1 ,i told ,davis to make my horse fast by the trail and spread my blankets1 that ,i might lie down4 ,this done1 ,i directed him not to spare horseflesh1 but take the news to our friends as soon as it was possible4 ,davis did not want to leave me in that plight1 but was urged to go4 ,he started reluctantly1 and in tears4 ,for a time it seemed that ,i had rendered my last services to family and friends1 as ,i lay down by an ,indian trail1 sixty miles from any white man's habitation4 ,while ,i was pondering the situation1 a magpie came flying down over me1 and said quack1 then alighted on a willow near by1 in plain sight4 ,next came a raven1 which gave its croak1 as it settled down near me1 and it seemed as though it had found prey4 ,being aware of the habits of these carrion birds1 ,i wrapped my head in blankets1 to prevent the birds from picking out my eyes1 if the worst came to me2 yet ,i knew that my body could not be protected from the wild beasts that roamed in the mountains1 such as the bear1 wolf1 wolverine1 panther or mountain lion1 wild cat and lynx1 some of which1 if not all these various kinds1 would be tugging at my carcass inside of twenty-four hours4 ,then the birds circled over me1 as if to say1 ,we want an eye1 or some fragment of my body1 ,i felt that my time was nigh1 and unless the providence of ,god interposed1 ,i would go the way of all the earth before the rising of the sun4 ,i was chilled to the very bone1 and cramped so that it was impossible for me to build a fire4 ,it did not seem possible for me to survive until my companion could ride sixty miles and send relief4 ,while ,i pondered the situation1 four young men who had been sent with fresh horses and food supplies came up1 they having met ,davis1 who sent them on with all speed4 ,i think the eldest of them was not over seventeen years old4 ,they soon built a fire and prepared much needed refreshments1 and ,i was greatly benefited by that special providence of ,god1 as it certainly seemed to me to be4 ,while ,i partook of the food1 the young men saddled my horse1 rolled up my blankets1 and we rode eight or ten miles that night1 and camped while the rain came down in torrents4 ,the boys soon provided me with shelter by sticking willows in the ground and winding the tops together and spreading blankets over1 so that it afforded a little protection for me1 and ,i was soon wrapped in wet blankets4 ,the next thing was to start a fire4 ,every match had got wet1 and the boys thought it impossible to make a fire1 so they asked me what they should do4 ,i told them to get some cotton out of a quilt if they could find a dry spot in it1 then put a small priming of powder in a rifle and ram down the cotton on the powder2 in the next place1 go to the heaviest topped sagebrush they could find1 and carefully reach under and strip the dry bark off the main stalk of sagebrush1 and in that way get a tinder1 then come to my shelter and hold the bark loosely over the muzzle of the gun and fire it off4 ,they got a light1 but they had too much powder and it blew the fire out4 ,they tried repeatedly without satisfactory results1 and the case was becoming desperate1 as darkness was coming on4 ,two of them got under cover with me1 and ,i finally succeeded in measuring the powder to them4 ,then they started a flame1 and as wood was plenty they made a rousing fire4 ,in the meantime ,i took to cramping and suffered so severely that one of the boys remarked4 ,brother ,brown will die4 ,o what shall we do8 ,another said1 ,let us pray4 ,then one led in prayer1 and he prayed mightily4 ,as soon as he was through1 one said1 ,let us go in and lay hands on him1 and in a moment they all gathered around me1 placed their hands on my head1 and prayed from their hearts4 ,the cramping ceased and never returned as severe as it was before2 yet ,i suffered greatly from the pain in my side4 ,the writer regrets very much that he cannot recall the names of those young lads4 ,i believe they were all sent from ,willard ,city1 ,box ,elder ,county4 ,god bless them1 whoever they are4 ,their action showed them to be young heroes1 with great faith in ,god2 and but for them ,i would have died that fearful night4 ,next morning1 the party was up1 and off we went down ,blacksmith's ,fork ,canyon and across to ,wellsville1 where ,i was taken in by ,bishop ,peter ,maughan and his good wife1 who did all they could to relieve my sufferings4 ,the ,bishop also saw that the boys were well taken care of4 ,the following morning ,samuel ,obray drove up with a light1 covered wagon1 and a good team1 and ,i was helped into the wagon4 ,sister ,maughan had provided a large canteen full of composition tea4 ,she came to the wagon1 and without thinking of anything else1 she placed it partly under the side where ,i had the pleurisy pain4 ,then the team started for ,brigham ,city1 and before we had gone five miles the pain had disappeared from my side1 thanks to the ,bishop and ,sister ,maughan for their special kindness1 and ,s4 ,obray4 ,the latter delivered me into the hands of ,colonel ,smith in ,brigham ,city1 where ,i was cared for until next day1 and then the colonel forwarded me to my home in ,ogden ,city1 where ,i recovered after suffering from a severe cold and cough for a few days4 ,during my absence the regiment had gone to ,echo ,canyon1 and there was scarcely an able-bodied man to be found in the city4 ,the women and children were cutting and hauling wood1 and doing all the outdoor work as best they could4 ,a great deal of sickness was brought on by exposure and hardships4 ,at a ,sabbath meeting a general vote of thanks was given the writer for his efforts for the general good of the people and his self-sacrifice4 ,about this time there was a very worthy young man named ,yough1 who died1 and ,i was called on to take the part of sexton and bury the deceased1 as well as some small children that had died4 ,meanwhile1 there were four prisoners brought in from the north2 they were supposed to be spies4 ,i was called on to be one of the guards to take them to ,salt ,lake ,city1 where they were turned over to the military authorities4 ,then ,i returned home1 to learn that the troops my scouts and ,i had seen on ,bear ,river were ,general ,r4 ,t4 ,burton's battalion of ,utah cavalry1 which had been sent out to intercept a detachment of ,johnston's army which had been discovered in that direction1 but had returned to the main body1 which went into winter quarters at ,fort ,bridger4 ,then the ,utah militia was withdrawn from ,echo ,canyon4 ,i was next called to take up my missionary labors in ,weber ,county4 ,from #ahef to #ahei ,i baptized and rebaptized four hundred persons1 and visited with the catechism from house to house4 ,in that work ,i spent the winter of #aheg-h4 ,,chapter ,,liii4 ,,mormons ,,abandon ,,their ,,homes ,,and ,,move ,,south--,,prepare ,,for ,,the ,,worst--,,go ,,to ,,payson--,,affairs ,,being ,,settled1 ,,return ,,to ,,ogden--,,called ,,to ,,go ,,east ,,as ,a ,,missionary--,,journey ,,across ,,the ,,plains--,,meet ,,my ,,parents ,,in ,,iowa--,,preaching ,,and ,,traveling--,,my ,,father',s ,,testimony--,,missionary ,,labors--,,called ,,to ,,missouri--,,sent ,,to ,,bring ,a ,,herd ,,of ,,cattle--,,return ,,to ,,my ,,parents' ,,home--,,bid ,,farewell ,,to ,,them--,,purchasing ,,cattle4 ,,some time in ,may1 #aheh1 as ,i remember1 an order came from ,president ,brigham ,young for everybody living north of ,utah ,county to move south and leave their homes prepared for burning2 for it had been decided that if ,johnston's army came in1 as it had threatened to do1 with hostile intentions1 the people would lay waste the country and fight to the bitter end4 ,i do not remember that there was a dissenting voice from this determination4 ,everybody moved out to the south1 myself and family going to ,payson1 one hundred miles from ,ogden4 ,there we made a camp1 and ,i cut wild hay and hauled it for a livelihood1 that being the only employment ,i could find4 ,in the latter part of ,july1 when peace had been re-established1 ,i returned home and made hasty preparations for my family for the winter1 as ,i had been called by ,president ,brigham ,young to accompany ,general ,horace ,s4 ,eldredge to ,florence1 ,nebraska1 with a company consisting of twenty men who were going on business and partly as missionaries4 ,i belonged to the latter class4 ,i went into the western part of ,iowa1 being assigned to that field of labor1 while the others went to their several destinations4 ,the company was to have moved out on the #ast of ,september1 so ,i4 ,a4 ,canfield and ,i1 fitted with a four-mule team and light wagon1 were in ,salt ,lake ,city ready to start at the appointed time2 but the rest of the party would not or could not be ready for ten or twelve days1 so we returned home and stayed until the #aath4 ,we then went to ,salt ,lake ,city and waited until the #adth1 and1 as the party was still tardy1 we moved out to the top of the ,little ,mountain1 and there camped4 ,from that place we proceeded to the ,weber ,river1 where we were overtaken by ,john ,neff and ,dusten ,arna1 who were to join the party when it came up4 ,as their teams were not in the best of plight for the journey1 we traveled together to ,ham's ,fork1 where we stopped on the #aith1 and waited for those yet in the rear to come up4 ,about #h o'clock that evening ,h4 ,s4 ,eldredge1 ,jos4 ,w4 ,young and ,horton ,haight reached our camp4 ,on the #bjth1 the company having got together1 proceeded on the way to the ,sweetwater4 ,on the #bfth we reached the ,platte ,river1 where ,i was taken very sick with hemorrhoids of the bowels4 ,with that exception1 all moved smoothly4 ,on the #bhth we passed ,fort ,laramie1 and my health began to improve1 though ,i had been brought almost to death's door1 and the company was detained one afternoon in consequence4 ,after that ,i improved1 and the company made rapid headway4 ,october #crd two deserters from ,fort ,laramie passed the party4 ,they had stolen two horses and a mule from the government1 and1 as ,i remember it1 made good their escape4 ,nothing happened out of the ordinary until ,october #aith1 when the party arrived at ,florence1 ,nebraska1 on the ,missouri ,river4 ,from that point each went to his field of labor or to his business1 as planned beforehand4 ,canfield and ,i crossed the river to ,l4 ,o4 ,littlefield's1 in ,crescent ,city1 and stayed over night with him and his family1 and on the #bjth proceeded on our way to ,calhoun1 ,harrison ,county1 ,iowa1 where my father lived with his family4 ,we were soon overtaken by ,clayton ,webb and ,b4 ,h4 ,dennis1 my brothers-in-law4 ,i accepted a seat in their buggy and they took me to my father's home4 ,i had not seen father for eleven years4 ,i was an entire stranger to every one of the family1 who kept a hotel4 ,i went in and ate with strangers1 and did not make myself known until after all the evening work was done4 ,then after ,i was satisfied that they had not the remotest idea of my identity1 ,i told them who ,i was4 ,it was some time before they could realize that what ,i said was true4 ,to them it seemed that the dead had come to life1 and the long lost had been found1 for they had all given up hope of ever seeing me again4 ,it was not difficult for me to recognize my father and mother1 but my elder brother and sister were dead1 and the younger ones had all grown out of memory4 ,when ,i had visited with them a few days1 ,i preached several times in the public schoolhouse1 and then traveled and preached4 ,on one occasion ,i had a walk and talk with my father alone4 ,we talked of my absence1 and he said1 ,james1 ,i had given up all hopes of ever seeing your face again1 but thanks be to ,god ,i have that privilege4 ,you always have stood up for the faith and have been a man through thick and thin for your religion4 ,then he said1 ,oh that ,i had the faith that ,i once had1 and felt as ,i have felt6 ,i would be a happy man if ,i had the spirit that you have1 and that ,i once had4 ,he burst into a flood of tears1 and exclaimed1 ,oh1 my ,god1 ,i am in the dark and ,i do not know that ,i shall ever feel as ,i once felt4 ,then ,i could divide the last loaf1 yes1 the last morsel of food that ,i had with a ,mormon4 ,talk about heaven6 ,the true spirit of ,mormonism is heaven4 ,i thank ,god that you have kept the faith1 though you have had a hard time of it4 ,then he added1 ,james1 stick to it and never give it up2 for if there is any salvation for me or any of my family it will be through you1 for you are the ,joseph of my family1 and ,i have known it since before you were born4 ,he then seemed as humble as a little child1 and continued3 ,james1 be faithful in the work1 but as for me or any of my family going to ,utah1 ,i don't think we will ever go4 ,i told him he could do no better than to go with his entire family and renew their covenants1 for the good ,spirit was for all who would seek it in the proper way4 ,at last father said that he did not know what they should do yet1 the weather being wet and cold4 ,we returned into the house and ,i stayed with the family the first month1 preaching in the public schoolhouse every ,sabbath4 ,then my brother ,willis and ,i traveled around from place to place1 and preached everywhere we found an opportunity1 first to ,raglan ,township1 and then to the northeast1 forty miles into ,shelby ,county4 ,we preached several times in ,garden ,grove schoolhouse1 and went from there to a small town called ,monteno1 thence to ,pottawatomie ,county4 ,we preached to a full hall in ,council ,bluffs ,city1 then went out on ,mosquito ,creek1 in what was called the ,garner settlement4 ,thus we continued to travel and preach from place to place and bear our testimonies1 as health and opportunity permitted4 ,in ,january1 #ahei1 preached my cousin ,ira ,johnson's funeral sermon2 he had been accidentally shot and killed while out with a surveying party in that region of country4 ,the same day ,i baptized six persons and confirmed them2 this was at my father's house1 and from that time my father seemed quite changed in his feelings4 ,he said it was all that he could do to keep out of the water1 and stated that he had never felt better in his life than he did on that occasion4 ,said he1 ,james1 ,i want you to preach all the time4 ,on ,april #gth ,i received a letter from ,general ,horace ,s4 ,eldredge1 asking me to come down to ,platte ,county1 ,missouri1 and receive one hundred and seventy-seven head of work oxen that he had contracted for with ,mr4 ,lampton and ,mr4 ,thompson1 cattle merchants4 ,having also received the written contract for the cattle1 ,i started on the #hth1 and on the #ith ,i took passage on the steamboat ,satan1 which lay at the ,council ,bluffs landing4 ,i paid ten dollars for passage to ,parkville1 ,platte ,county1 ,missouri4 ,the boat called at all important towns and landings4 ,nothing out of the ordinary happened except that we were driven under a high sandbank in a short bend of the river1 by a powerful wind storm1 and in trying to extricate the boat1 the side-wheel next the shore threw the water with such force against the bank as to cause it to cave in onto the boat1 so that the guards and wheelhouse were carried away4 ,i landed at ,parkville on ,april #acth1 stopped overnight1 and on the #adth proceeded eight miles to ,mr4 ,thompson's4 ,on the #aeth ,i went with him to his partner in the contract1 ,mr4 ,lampton4 ,the men ,general ,eldredge promised in his letter on the #aeth to send to help drive and care for the cattle1 did not arrive until the #bgth1 when ,eldredge came with five men4 ,he furnished money to pay the expenses1 and gave instructions1 then returned to ,st4 ,louis4 ,on the #bhth1 #bith and #cjth1 myself and party received and branded one hundred and seventy-seven head of work oxen and two valuable mules4 ,we started for the north on ,may #ast1 traveling through ,rochester1 ,marysvale1 ,lindon and ,sydney1 keeping from the river and on the high1 rolling prairies1 through what was called the ,platte purchase in ,missouri4 ,we arrived in ,council ,bluffs on ,may #aeth1 and went from there to ,florence1 ,nebraska1 where ,i delivered up the drove of cattle and span of mules1 on the #afth1 to ,bishop ,frederick ,kesler1 who was ,general ,eldredge's agent4 ,we lost but one head from among the cattle1 although we had an exceedingly stormy and muddy time of it most of the way1 having to swim several streams that had been swollen by the heavy rains1 so that the journey was taken with great hardships1 and danger as well4 ,i went to my father's home on the #agth1 in ,calhoun ,county1 ,iowa1 settled with my father1 who was very kind to me and my brother ,willis1 helping us to two yoke of oxen to cross the plains with4 ,we bade farewell to the parental home and to the family on the #bgth4 ,father accompanied us to ,council ,bluffs and paid our expenses until the #cjth1 when we parted with him4 ,we crossed the river at ,omaha1 and moved up to ,florence1 where we went into a camp or rendezvous and waited for others to come to make a company strong enough to cross the plains4 ,the company had its camp some three miles northwest of ,florence1 where ,general ,eldredge1 the ,church agent1 and ,elder ,george ,q4 ,cannon1 agent for the ,european emigration1 both called on me to go out into ,nebraska and also to cross into ,iowa and purchase work cattle for them4 ,each furnished me with five hundred dollars in gold then1 and as it was the time that hundreds of gold hunters were returning from ,pike's ,peak1 ,i had great success in my purchases1 spending a thousand dollars some days in the purchase of cattle1 buying whole teams as they stood on the road1 sometimes wagons1 equipage and provisions4 ,i would hire a trusty man to drive them up to ,florence1 and then ,i would replenish my pockets and go on again4 ,for ten days ,i traveled early and late1 and did thousands of dollars' worth of business for the ,church and emigration4 ,,chapter ,,liv4 ,,given ,,charge ,,of ,a ,,company ,,to ,,cross ,,the ,,plains ,,to ,,utah--,,composition ,,of ,,the ,,camp--,,start ,,west--,,perform ,,baptisms--,,meet ,a ,,war ,,party ,,of ,,sioux ,,indians--,,place ,,where ,a4 ,w4 ,,babbitt ,,was ,,killed--,,meet ,,more ,,indians--,,how ,,trouble ,,was ,,avoided--,,camp ,,life ,,and ,,duties--,,enter ,,salt ,,lake ,,valley--,,company ,,greeted ,,by ,,the ,,church ,,authorities--,,report ,,to ,,president ,,young ,,and ,,am ,,released--,,trade ,,at ,,camp ,,floyd--,,experience ,,with ,a ,,thief--,,go ,,to ,,work ,,on ,,the ,,ogden ,,canyon ,,road--,,hardships ,,endured4 ,,on ,sunday1 ,june #abth1 ,elders ,eldredge and ,cannon visited the camp and held meeting1 then organized the company1 naming ,james ,s4 ,brown for president and captain1 the selection being unanimously sustained4 ,george ,l4 ,farrell was made sergeant of the guard1 ,william ,wright chaplain1 and ,john ,gordon secretary4 ,a captain was appointed over each ten wagons1 namely3 first1 ,wm4 ,steel2 second1 ,w4 ,williams2 third1 ,christopher ,funk2 fourth1 ,newbury2 fifth1 ,kent2 sixth1 ,giddens4 ,these names were suggested by ,messrs4 ,eldredge and ,cannon1 and were unanimously sustained by the company of three hundred and fifty-three souls4 ,the outfit consisted of fifty-nine wagons and one hundred and four yoke of oxen1 eleven horses1 thirty-five cows1 and forty-one head of young cattle that were driven loose4 ,we had provisions for seventy-five days4 ,on ,june #acth1 #ahei1 the company set out for ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah4 ,there were nine different nationalities of people represented1 namely2 ,english1 ,irish1 ,scotch1 ,welsh1 ,danish1 ,swedish1 ,norwegians and ,icelanders2 we also had some ,americans from the ,eastern1 ,middle and ,southern ,states1 all mixed together4 ,many of them had never driven an ox one mile in their lives1 and the result was almost like herding a train on the plains4 ,if it had not been for ,g4 ,l4 ,farrell1 ,james ,hickson1 ,samuel ,garnet and ,willis ,brown1 all excellent ox teamsters1 besides some five or six others that were quite handy1 we would doubtless have had most destructive stampedes4 ,as it was1 the company did not have any serious mishaps4 ,in a few days the train became regulated and we had more system and order in travel4 ,for the first five or six days of the journey the stock seemed in danger of being destroyed by flies and mosquitoes1 and the people suffered much from the same cause4 ,on the #ahth we passed ,captain ,rowley with the handcart company4 ,on ,june #aith the camp stopped on the ,loup ,fork1 a tributary of the ,platte ,river4 ,there was a small town there called ,columbus4 ,on the #bjth the company moved up the river and camped on a small stream1 ,looking ,glass ,creek4 ,that afternoon ,i baptized and rebaptized eighty souls1 and other ,elders confirmed them1 while some men of the company bridged the stream4 ,on the #bast we proceeded to ,genoa ,ferry1 where we were joined by ,captain ,walding's company of thirty-seven souls and ten more wagons1 thus increasing my company to three hundred and ninety persons and sixty-nine wagons1 with cattle and other property in proportion4 ,at that place we chartered the ferry boat from ,j4 ,johnston and did the work ourselves4 ,we paid seventy-five cents a wagon1 and it took fifteen hours' hard labor to cross4 ,the stock all swam safely over1 and the company camped on the west bank4 ,the handcart company came up that night about #aj o'clock4 ,on the #bcrd our company proceeded up the river4 ,we met with a company of ,sioux ,indians on the #bdth4 ,these formed a line of battle across the road ahead of the company1 and sent two men to meet us4 ,i was traveling in advance of the company1 and although ,i had never been among the ,sioux ,indians in my life for an hour1 nor had ,i ever been where ,i had an opportunity to study their language1 ,i had not the slightest difficulty in talking to them1 or they to me4 ,consequently ,i learned at once that these ,indians were on the war path1 and were hunting the ,omahas and ,poncas4 ,they were hungry and said they must have food from the company2 so they were told to form a line parallel with the road1 and to keep one-fourth of a mile back1 so as not to stampede the train or frighten the women and children4 ,they were allowed to send two men on foot to spread blankets where the company could put such food as we had to share4 ,meanwhile ,i gave orders to the sergeant of the guard1 ,g4 ,l4 ,farrell1 and the several captains to draw up in close order1 have every teamster in his place1 and all the women and children in the wagons1 and for each man to have his gun where he could lay his hand on it without a moment's delay4 ,each family was to place some food on the blankets by the roadside4 ,not one team was to stop without orders4 ,the wagons were to be corralled as quickly as possible1 if they must be1 at the first signal from the captain to do so2 for the ,indians appeared very warlike in their paint and feathers4 ,when the red men learned that it was a company of ,mormons they had met1 they readily complied with the captain's terms1 and a number rode up and shook hands with him4 ,as the company passed their lines of not more than one hundred and fifty warriors1 there came fourteen buffalo in sight1 quite close1 and attention was turned to them so much that the ,indians took what the company had placed on their blankets and we passed on without further interruption4 ,it was about this date that the teamsters had become acquainted with their teams and the latter acquainted with their drivers1 so that things began to work more orderly than before4 ,the camp was called together every evening for prayers1 and for instructions for the next day4 ,about the #bfth the company started across from the ,loup ,fork to ,wood ,river4 ,that night the stock took fright and gave some trouble before they were recovered2 but the next morning the company resumed its journey1 leaving ,wood ,birdno to pursue two valuable young fillies1 one his own and the other belonging to ,captain ,brown4 ,mr4 ,birdno did not overtake the company till the fifth day4 ,one evening the company camped on a tributary of the ,platte ,river1 where ,almon ,w4 ,babbitt was killed by the ,sioux ,indians some eighteen months or two years before4 ,the company crossed the stream and camped just opposite where that terrible tragedy occurred1 and just as the cattle were being unyoked the ,sioux ,indians flocked into camp1 all well-armed warriors4 ,i saw that it was quite possible that they meant mischief1 as there were no ,indian families in sight2 so ,i called to the company to continue their camp duties as if nothing unusual had happened1 but for every man to see to his firearms quietly and be ready to use them if an emergency should arise4 ,then ,i turned to the chief1 and it being again given to me to talk and understand the ,indians1 ,i asked what their visit meant1 if it was peace that they go with me to the middle of the corral of wagons and smoke the pipe of peace and have a friendly talk1 as myself and people were ,mormons and friends to the ,indians1 and that ,i wished them to be good friends to me and my people4 ,the chief readily responded1 and called his peace council of smokers to the center of the corral1 where they seated themselves in a circle4 ,i took a seat to the right hand of the chief and then the smoking and talking commenced4 ,the chief assured me that their visit was a friendly one1 and to trade with the emigrants4 ,i inquired of him why1 if their visit meant peace1 they all came so well armed4 ,he answered that his people had just pitched camp a short distance back in the hills1 and not knowing who we were had come down before laying down their arms4 ,by this time it seemed that there were about three ,indians to one white person in the camp4 ,i told the chief that it was getting too late to trade1 my people were all busy in camp duties1 and ,i was going to send our stock to where there was good feed for them4 ,it was my custom1 ,i said1 to send armed men to watch over them1 and the guards always had orders to shoot any wild beast that might disturb them1 and if anybody were to come among the stock in the night1 we thought them to be thieves and our enemies4 ,if they attempted to drive off our stock1 the guards had orders to shoot1 and our camp guards also were ordered to shoot any thief that might come prowling around camp at night4 ,i said that1 as we did not desire to do the ,indians any harm1 we wished the chief and his men to go to their camp1 as it was now too late to trade4 ,but in the morning1 when the sun shone on our wagon covers1 not when it shone on the mountain tops in the west1 but when it shone on our tents and wagon covers1 they could leave their arms behind and come down with their robes1 pelts and furs1 and we would trade with them as friends2 but he was not to allow any of his men to visit our camp or stock at night4 ,the chief said that was heap good talk1 and ordered his people to return to their own camp4 ,they promptly obeyed1 to the great relief of the company1 which had been very nervous1 as scarcely one of them except myself had ever witnessed such a sight before4 ,next morning1 between daylight and sunrise1 the ,indians appeared on the brow of the hill northeast of camp4 ,there seemed to be hundreds of them formed in a long line and making a very formidable array4 ,just as the sunlight shone on the tents and wagon covers they made a descent on us that sent a thrill through every heart in camp1 until it was seen that they had left their weapons of war behind1 and had brought only articles of trade4 ,they came into the center of the corral1 the people gathered with what they had to trade1 and for a while a great bargaining was carried on4 ,for once ,i had more than ,i could do in assisting them to understand each other1 and see that there was no disturbance or wrong done in the great zeal of both parties4 ,the trading was over without any trouble1 there was a hearty shaking of hands1 and the company resumed its journey up the river1 passing and being repassed by numerous companies moving west to ,pike's ,peak and to ,utah1 ,california1 or ,oregon4 ,there were gold seekers1 freighters1 and a host of families of emigrants2 and as the company advanced to the west we met many people going to the east4 ,they were traveling all ways1 with ox1 horse and mule teams1 as well as by pack trains of horses and mules2 while some were floating down the ,platte ,river in small row boats4 ,i have omitted many dates1 but feel that ,i must say that some time in ,july we came up with ,captain ,horton ,haight1 who started two weeks ahead of us1 with a ,church train of seventy-five wagons of freight4 ,both trains passed ,fort ,laramie that same day4 ,mine camped seven miles above the fort on the river1 where we laid over the next day1 and had our wagons unloaded and thoroughly cleaned from the dust and dirt2 then they were reloaded so as to balance their loading anew4 ,all sick cattle were doctored1 while the female portion of camp washed and did considerable baking4 ,the next day we proceeded on to the ,black ,hills1 in good spirits1 the people generally well and encouraged4 ,the road then began to be rough and gravelly1 so that the cattle began to get sore-footed1 and that changed the tone of feelings of some of the people4 ,we went on in peace over hills and dales to the ,sweetwater1 thence up that stream to what was called the last crossing1 where we stopped one day1 and again overhauled our load1 doctored sick cattle1 baked1 etc4 ,from there we crossed the summit of the great ,rocky ,mountains to ,pacific ,springs1 so called because their waters flow down the ,pacific slope4 ,from that point we traveled over very sandy plains and saleratus deserts1 to the ,little ,sandy1 then to what was called the ,big ,sandy1 and thence to ,green ,river1 the last hundred miles being the most soul-trying of the whole journey1 owing to being sandy and poisonous to the stock4 ,we traveled day and night1 all that the cattle could endure1 and in fact more than many of the people did endure without much complaint and fault-finding4 ,after a day's rest on the ,green ,river1 however1 and being told that there was no more such country to cross1 the train entered on the last one hundred and fifty miles of the journey1 crossing over to ,ham's ,fork1 then to ,fort ,bridger on ,black's ,fork1 and on to the two ,muddys and to ,quaking ,asp ,ridge1 the highest point crossed by the emigrant road4 ,from there we went down into ,echo ,canyon1 then to ,weber ,river1 crossed it and over the foothills to ,east ,canyon ,creek and to the foot of the ,big ,mountain1 where we met ,apostles ,john ,taylor and ,f4 ,d4 ,richards4 ,a halt was called to listen to the hearty welcome and words of cheer from the ,apostles4 ,then the company passed over the ,big ,mountain to the foot of the ,little ,mountain1 where we camped4 ,many of the people were sick from eating chokecherries and wild berries found along the roadside4 ,next day we proceeded to the top of ,little ,mountain4 ,when ,i saw the last wagon on the summit1 ,i left the sergeant1 ,g4 ,l4 ,farrell1 in charge1 and went ahead to report the approach of my company and their condition1 as there were one hundred or more without food for their supper4 ,i called first on ,general ,h4 ,s4 ,eldredge1 and took dinner with him4 ,he received me very kindly1 and accompanied me to ,president ,brigham ,young's office4 ,the ,president welcomed us as cordially as a father could4 ,after he had inquired and was told the condition of the company1 he sent word to ,bishop ,edward ,hunter to have the tithing yard cleared for the cattle1 to have cooked food for all who needed it1 and to have the company camp in ,union ,square4 ,when steps had been taken to carry out these orders1 ,i called at my father-in-law's in the ,fourteenth ,ward1 where ,i learned that my family were well4 ,then ,i went back1 met the company on the bench east of the city1 and conducted it down to the square1 where we found ,bishop ,hunter and a number of other ,bishops and people of the several wards1 with an abundance of cooked food for supper and breakfast for the whole company4 ,several of the ,twelve ,apostles were on the ground to bid the company a hearty welcome1 and delivered short addresses of good cheer4 ,this was ,august #bi1 #ahei4 ,next morning1 the #cjth1 ,orson ,hyde1 ,orson ,pratt1 ,wilford ,woodruff1 ,ezra ,t4 ,benson1 ,charles ,c4 ,rich and ,erastus ,snow of the ,twelve ,apostles1 ,bishop ,hunter and other prominent officers of the ,church1 came to the camp1 called the people together1 and again bade the ,saints welcome to our mountain home4 ,they advised the people where to go1 and what to do to support themselves for the winter4 ,it was while yet on the ,union ,square that ,apostle ,charles ,c4 ,rich told me that he and others had been called to take a mission to ,england1 leaving home in the spring1 and that they would like me to go with them2 he thought ,i had better shape my affairs so that ,i would be ready for the call4 ,during the day the people found shelter and friends1 and ,i reported to the ,deseret ,news office and to ,president ,young1 who told me ,i was honorably released from any further responsibility for the company4 ,on our journey across the plains we had two deaths in the company1 and five births1 and had lost twenty-five head of cattle--a very small percentage compared with losses in general4 ,after the interview with ,president ,young1 ,i followed up my brother ,willis1 who had gone ahead with our team4 ,we stopped that night at ,charles ,c4 ,rich's1 twelve miles north of ,salt ,lake ,city1 and on ,september #ast reached my home in ,ogden ,city1 where we found all well and pleased to meet us again4 ,at ,ogden many friends and relatives called to see us4 ,in a day or two after our arrival1 we went to cutting bulrushes along the slough on the bottom lands1 with a scythe1 that being the only chance for us to winter our stock4 ,in a short time we purchased a wagon load of butter and eggs1 and took it to ,camp ,floyd1 forty miles southwest of ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,we made a good profit on that load1 then made a second trip and had stolen from us one of our mules worth one hundred and fifty dollars4 ,as we could not get a trace of the mule1 ,willis returned to the city to get another animal1 so we could move our wagon4 ,about #ab o'clock one night1 while he was gone and ,i was sleeping alone in the wagon1 the moon shining bright and clear1 a thief cut the hind end of the wagon cover open1 and drew out one of the quilts4 ,as he was taking the second ,i awoke and caught him in the act4 ,i asked what he was doing there1 and was told it was none of my business1 but to get out of his wagon1 or he would send an officer after me4 ,at the same time he put his hand on an old fashioned ,united ,states holster pistol that he had in his belt1 then staggered off1 feigning drunkenness4 ,i saw that he went into a corner where he could not pass out1 so ,i hastened and called the landlord1 ,mr4 ,kinney1 a man about sixty years old1 and told him what had happened4 ,said he1 ,if he went in there he cannot get through that way4 ,he peeped into a dark corner1 where the buildings were so close that a man could not squeeze through4 ,here he is2 come out1 you thief1 said he1 and the midnight marauder made a break to pass4 ,the old gentleman struck at him as he went by1 and the next instant ,i had him by the throat4 ,by that time the thief had got his pistol disengaged from his belt1 but before he could turn it towards me ,i caught it from his grasp1 threw him heavily on the ground1 and held him there till ,mr4 ,kinney brought an officer4 ,meanwhile we were surrounded by half a dozen gamblers1 one of whom said to the thief1 ,what are you doing down there1 ,rainbow8 ,a second ordered him to get up4 ,they all seemed to know him1 but all were strangers to me4 ,i had passed the pistol to the old landlady1 who brought it out1 offered it to the officers1 and told them she saw the thief try to shoot me when ,i snatched it and passed it to her4 ,at that the thief swore the weapon was not his1 but mine1 and that ,i had drawn it to shoot him4 ,then the officers told me to keep the pistol1 and they let the thief go to a saloon in a gambling house1 where he treated the crowd1 and told them that he had an engagement for a woman to meet him there that night1 but he found a man instead1 and that was all there was of it4 ,at that the officers liberated him1 and ,i concluded that ,i had got into a den of thieves1 so disposed of my load and left for home as soon as ,i could4 ,all the profit that we had made in the first trip was lost in the second1 for we never recovered the mule4 ,the weather being cold1 we threw up that business and took a contract amounting to two hundred and fifty dollars on the ,ogden ,canyon road1 and in the bitter cold weather of winter worked till the job was completed4 ,that work finished1 we took another contract to get out timber for the first county jail in ,weber ,county1 and continued to work in the canyon until ,april #ast4 ,the winter had been so long and severe that we sold part of our wearing apparel and bed clothes for hay to keep life in our animals4 ,,chapter ,,lv4 ,,called ,,on ,a ,,mission ,,to ,,great ,,britain--,,prepare ,,to ,,depart--,,start ,,without ,,purse ,,or ,,scrip--,,journey ,,to ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,set ,,apart ,,for ,,the ,,mission--,,begin ,,the ,,journey ,,eastward--,,organization ,,of ,,the ,,company--,,my ,,post ,,as ,,chaplain--,,overtaken ,,by ,,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,,lyman ,,and ,c4 ,c4 ,,rich--,,traveling ,,through ,,the ,,mountains--,,snowstorms ,,and ,,wind--,,forage ,,is ,,scarce--,,meetings ,,with ,,the ,,indians--,,captain ,,reynolds' ,,exploring ,,party--,,army ,,deserters ,,in ,,our ,,camp--,,mail ,,from ,,home--,,emigrants ,,westward ,,bound--,,dissatisfaction ,,in ,,camp--,,feeling ,,about ,,apostles ,,lyman ,,and ,,rich--,i ,,resign ,,as ,,captain1 ,,but ,,am ,,elected ,,again1 ,,and ,,finally ,,resume ,,command--,,mail ,,robbery--,,more ,,disagreeable ,,storms--,,meet ,a ,,handcart ,,company1 ,,and ,,apostle ,,george ,q4 ,,cannon--,,reach ,,the ,,missouri ,,river--,,visit ,,my ,,father ,,and ,,his ,,family--,,go ,,to ,,st4 ,,joseph1 ,,missouri--,,my ,,first ,,view ,,of ,a ,,railway ,,train--,,at ,,my ,,old ,,home ,,in ,,brown ,,county1 ,,illinois--,,journey ,,eastward ,,by ,,rail--,,arrive ,,in ,,new ,,york ,,for ,,the ,,first ,,time--,,find ,,friends4 ,,some time in ,february of this year 7#ahfj71 ,i received a letter from ,president ,brigham ,young1 informing me that ,i had been selected to accompany ,apostles ,amasa ,m4 ,lyman and ,charles ,c4 ,rich on a mission to ,great ,britain1 starting in ,april4 ,the letter authorized me to call on ,bishop ,chauncey ,w4 ,west1 to have my city and five-acre lots fenced and cultivated by labor tithing1 for the benefit of my family2 also for the ,bishop to furnish my family1 from time to time1 with such necessary articles as they needed and could not otherwise obtain4 ,i called on the ,bishop as authorized1 and showed him the letter1 but the work he was called on for never was done1 and my family suffered in consequence4 ,i settled my business and prepared for the mission1 and in ,april attended conference in ,salt ,lake ,city1 where my name was presented and sustained with those of many others called to perform missions4 ,on the #aith of ,april1 ,i blessed my family and bade farewell to them till ,i should be released from the duty which now rested upon me of preaching the ,gospel among the inhabitants of the ,british ,isles4 ,i had a ham and a few articles of food1 a light change of clothing1 and my rifle4 ,these ,i put in the wagon of ,h4 ,hanson1 who was starting to ,salt ,lake ,city1 on his way to fill a mission in ,denmark4 ,then1 with my shot-pouch and a new pair of boots across my shoulder1 ,i began my journey from ,ogden1 intending to hunt up a yoke of cattle ,i had on the range1 and drive them to ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,not a dollar of money did ,i have--,i was entirely without purse or scrip4 ,i found my cattle1 drove them to ,salt ,lake ,city1 turned them over to my father-in-law1 ,nathan ,tanner1 to pay a debt ,i was owing and to obtain some flour for food on my journey1 and ,i was ready on ,april #bjth1 the date appointed1 to leave on my mission4 ,but some of the others were not ready1 and the departure was postponed to ,april #beth4 ,on the last named date1 we gathered at the ,church historian's office in ,salt ,lake ,city1 to be set apart and receive instructions for our missions4 ,president ,brigham ,young there gave us counsel never to be forgotten1 and our hearts rejoiced therein4 ,each of us received a certificate of our missionary appointment1 signed by the ,first ,presidency1 ,brigham ,young1 ,heber ,c4 ,kimball1 and ,daniel ,h4 ,wells4 ,we were then instructed to meet next day1 the #bfth1 at the mouth of ,parley's ,canyon1 and to proceed therefrom under command of ,joseph ,w4 ,young1 our baggage being hauled by teams owned by the ,church that were going to ,florence1 ,nebraska4 ,president ,young had designated me to take charge of one of the teams1 with permission to leave it when ,apostles ,lyman and ,rich overtook us1 which they expected to do in three or four days4 ,thus ,i had in my care four yoke of oxen and a large government wagon2 and1 in company with several others1 went to ,president ,young's mill south of the city4 ,we took on from a thousand to twelve hundred pounds of flour to each wagon1 and proceeded to the place of rendezvous1 where there were gathered thirty wagons1 with about forty missionaries and the ,beebe and ,buzzard families1 who were going back to their farms in ,iowa4 ,on ,april #agth1 ,presidents ,young and ,wells came out and organized the company1 appointing ,joseph ,w4 ,young as captain1 and ,john ,woolley as sergeant of the guard4 ,myself and two others were selected as chaplains4 ,the company was instructed as to necessary duties in crossing the plains1 and we started4 ,our route was up ,parley's ,canyon1 then down ,silver ,creek to the ,weber ,river1 thence up to the mouth of ,chalk ,creek4 ,at the ,spriggs coal pit a number of us visited the mine1 the tunnels of which went straight into the mountain side4 ,then we proceeded across to ,bear ,river1 and followed along the ,big ,muddy4 ,the ,beebe and ,buzzard families and ,e4 ,d4 ,woolley and company continued on by way of ,fort ,bridger1 while the rest of us made a road across the bend of the ,muddy4 ,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,c4 ,c4 ,rich overtook us on ,may #dth1 and we all camped together that night4 ,walter ,m4 ,gibson and ,i were transferred to ,samuel ,white's wagon1 and on the #eth we bade farewell to ,joseph ,w4 ,young's company1 taking an early leave of them1 and proceeded to ,ham's ,fork1 on which we camped for the night4 ,there ,i was made captain of the company1 with ,john ,tobin as sergeant of the guard1 and ,w4 ,h4 ,dame as chaplain4 ,guards were placed out to take care of the stock4 ,that night there was quite a snowstorm4 ,next morning1 the weather was cold and disagreeable4 ,we made our way to ,green ,river1 where we met some people who had apostatized from the ,church1 and were going back to ,st4 ,louis2 we also met some ,shoshone ,indians who were friendly4 ,we camped on the ,big ,sandy that night1 and had quite a hunt for our animals1 which strayed off because there was so little grass4 ,but we recovered all of them4 ,on ,may #ajth we came to ,pacific ,springs1 where we met ,buzzard1 ,beebe1 ,woolley and company1 and received them into our company without any change in organization4 ,that day we crossed over the ,south ,pass and the ,sweetwater ,river1 and camped on ,willow ,creek4 ,next day we went through a number of snowdrifts1 passed over the ,rocky ,ridge and to the ,sweetwater1 following along the river4 ,that night we met a party of ,shoshone ,indians returning from a fight with the ,crow ,indians4 ,the following morning1 the #abth1 we missed part of our animals1 and were detained till #aa o'clock securing them again4 ,we then moved forward on our journey1 and on the #acth1 at the second crossing of the ,sweetwater1 encountered a severe snowstorm4 ,from then till the #ahth the wind was very high1 and the weather disagreeable4 ,grass was very scarce4 ,on the #adth we met a band of ,arapahoe ,indians on a buffalo hunt1 and on the #aeth met ,captain ,reynolds with a party of explorers4 ,we afterwards heard that the entire party were killed by ,blackfeet ,indians1 on the headwaters of the ,missouri ,river4 ,on the #ahth1 as we were traveling down the ,platte ,river1 ,sergeant ,min1 with a small party of soldiers from ,fort ,laramie1 searched the wagons in our company for three deserters from ,camp ,floyd4 ,there were two of them in our camp4 ,they had come to us in ,parley's ,canyon1 saying they had been discharged4 ,one of them1 ,george ,kelly1 showed his discharge papers1 but he had re-enlisted1 and deserted after receiving his bounty4 ,the other was a servant who had stolen a gold watch4 ,his name was ,alexander ,demster4 ,both were taken to ,fort ,laramie4 ,on ,may #bjth we arrived within seven miles of ,fort ,laramie1 where we rested our animals and attended to necessary work for proceeding farther4 ,we also built a raft and went across to the fort for our mail1 getting a few letters4 ,there was none for me4 ,we wrote to our families1 and on the #bbnd again moved forward4 ,this time we had two other discharged soldiers with us2 one of them had a wife and child4 ,i had changed from ,samuel ,white's wagon to ,d4 ,savage's1 and drove his six-mule team most of the way4 ,from the #bcrd on we met many people bound for ,california1 ,oregon1 or the ,pike's ,peak gold mines4 ,we passed ,chimney ,rock on ,may #beth1 and rested that evening at a fair camping ground4 ,there had been some dissatisfaction on the part of owners of teams because the grass had been short and the animals were not doing well4 ,fault was found with the camping places1 and as ,apostles ,lyman and ,rich often had been consulted and had suggested the location for camp1 these prominent members of our company felt that if there were any blame in making the choice it belonged to them4 ,so the ,apostles asked forgiveness for what they had done1 and promised they would have no more to do with directing the journeyings of the company4 ,when ,i found that ,i was deprived of the counsel of such men1 ,i resigned my office as captain4 ,john ,tobin also resigned as sergeant of the guard4 ,that night was passed with the camp in a disorganized state1 and next morning there was no one to lead out with orders to proceed4 ,the team owners and others found themselves well puzzled1 and began to realize the mistake that had been made4 ,by advice of ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 ,i called the company together1 but none knew what to do4 ,finally1 ,elder ,rich suggested that they elect as captain someone they would not find so much fault with4 ,the vote was for me1 and at the request of ,elder ,rich ,i again assumed command1 and we moved on4 ,john ,brown was selected as sergeant of the guard4 ,at ,ash ,hollow we learned that the ,st4 ,joseph and ,great ,salt ,lake mail coach had been robbed on ,greasewood ,creek1 by ,shoshone ,indians1 and that the mail carriers had been killed4 ,we were detained at ,ash ,hollow several hours on the #bgth1 by the severe illness of ,a4 ,beebe's wife4 ,for several days thereafter there were high winds1 and showers1 making the roads very disagreeable1 so that it took us till ,may #cast to reach ,buffalo ,creek1 where we saw some buffalo4 ,the next night we camped ten miles above ,fort ,kearney4 ,on ,june #bnd we called at ,dr4 ,henry's ranch for dinner1 and seven miles further on reached the place where ,joseph ,e4 ,johnson and his brother had located1 and were publishing a paper called the ,mountain ,echo4 ,at this point ,nephi ,johnson and ,daniel ,babbitt left us1 as they had reached the end of their journey4 ,we continued on four miles further1 and camped4 ,proceeding on our journey1 we reached and crossed the ,elkhorn ,river on ,june #fth1 and that night met and camped with a company of ,latter-day ,saints crossing the plains with handcarts4 ,the company was in good spirits1 and glad to see us1 and we spent the evening in singing the songs of ,zion4 ,just as we had gone to bed1 ,apostle ,george ,q4 ,cannon2 who had charge of the ,church emigration that year1 came up1 in company with ,horton ,haight and others1 and we were glad to arise and shake hands with him4 ,he was a particular friend and brother with whom several of us had traveled many miles and spent many pleasant hours4 ,after a long talk ,elder ,cannon turned in with me for sleep4 ,on the morning of ,june #gth1 the members of the handcart company were called together1 and ,apostles ,lyman and ,rich gave them some good instructions4 ,then we bade them good-bye1 and proceeded to ,florence1 where we met many warm-hearted ,saints from ,europe4 ,on the #hth1 ,i procured a span of mules from ,horton ,haight1 and a carriage from ,george ,q4 ,cannon1 and accompanied by ,j4 ,c4 ,rich1 crossed the ,missouri ,river to ,calhoun1 ,harrison ,county1 ,iowa1 where we met with my father and his family4 ,they were well1 and greatly pleased to see me4 ,we visited with my relatives till the #aath1 when ,j4 ,c4 ,rich and ,i parted at ,crescent ,city1 while ,i returned to ,florence1 where my father visited me on the #abth1 and invited ,apostles ,lyman and ,rich and myself to take dinner at the finest hotel in the town1 which we did4 ,my father promised me there that if he lived and was able to sell his property1 he would accompany me to ,utah when ,i returned from my mission4 ,on ,june #aeth1 ,i went to ,omaha in company with ,j4 ,c4 ,rich1 ,f4 ,m4 ,lyman1 and ,r4 ,mc,bride1 where we were joined next day by ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman1 ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 ,g4 ,q4 ,cannon1 and ,john ,tobin4 ,we took passage on the steamboat ,omaha for ,st4 ,joseph1 ,missouri1 where we landed on the morning of the #ahth4 ,that day while strolling through the city with ,francis ,m4 ,lyman1 ,i first saw a locomotive and railway train in motion4 ,it was to us a grand sight1 and we viewed it with admiration and satisfaction4 ,at #f a4m41 on the #aith1 we boarded the train1 ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 ,j4 ,c4 ,rich and ,john ,tobin going to ,st ,louis1 and the rest of us to ,quincy1 ,illinois1 where ,i left the party and went to ,versailles1 ,brown ,county4 ,there ,i received a hearty welcome from relatives and friends4 ,i remained in that locality five days1 until the #bdth1 visiting uncles1 brother-in-law1 cousins1 and other relatives1 and also the farm on which ,i was reared4 ,at ,versailles1 on the evening of the #bast1 ,i lectured1 by request1 on my travels and experiences4 ,the schoolroom being too small to accommodate the people1 the ,methodist church was procured1 and was well filled1 many of the audience being my old schoolmates4 ,they were glad to meet me1 as ,i was to meet them4 ,i stayed that night with ,joseph ,f4 ,vandeventer1 and next day1 in company with him and his brother ,thomas1 visited my father's old farm1 then owned by ,william ,knox4 ,there were many changes about the place4 ,the cemetery was fenced into a pasture1 and ,i was unable to find my brother's grave4 ,the fruit trees in the orchard were well grown1 and ,i was given some good apples and the best cider ,i ever tasted1 made from fruit from trees ,i had set out with my own hands4 ,that day's walk brought to my recollection my youthful days1 my hunts through the woods and my adventures1 my toilsome labors in grubbing underbrush and clearing the land1 threshing wheat in the hot1 autumn sun1 feeding stock in the cold winter1 my cold fingers1 benumbed body1 and frozen toes--once shedding my toenails through frost1 and peeling the skin off my feet--in short1 ,i was reminded of much toil on the part of my parents1 brothers and sisters and myself1 and of many days of sickness with fever and ague4 ,we returned to ,versailles1 and next evening1 the #bcrd1 after more visiting1 ,i consented to preach1 and was given good attention by a large congregation4 ,on the #bdth1 ,i went down to the river landing at the mouth of ,crooked ,creek1 with my uncle and ,joseph ,f4 ,vandeventer1 but learning that the boats were uncertain1 ,i resolved to go to ,meridotia and there take train for ,new ,york1 in order to meet ,elder ,c4 ,c4 ,rich4 ,to do this1 it was necessary for me to borrow twenty dollars1 which ,i did of ,mr4 ,vandeventer4 ,at #i o'clock that evening ,i was on my way1 on the ,quincy and ,toledo line1 passing through the great ,wabash valley4 ,after several changes of cars1 and crossing ,north ,river on a ferry boat1 ,i landed in ,new ,york ,city on ,june #bfth1 without knowing a soul that lived there4 ,i walked up to ,broadway1 and took a ,sixth ,avenue omnibus to ,twenty-third ,street1 where ,i found the residence of ,brother ,jonas ,croxall1 and introduced myself to his wife1 as he was not at home4 ,i had eaten but two meals since ,i got into the cars at ,meridotia1 and they cost me seventy-five cents4 ,i had ridden over one thousand miles on the cars from ,illinois1 and had ninety-five cents when ,i reached the end of the journey4 ,my supper that night was provided at ,brother ,croxall's4 ,about #aa o'clock in the evening ,brothers ,croxall and ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman came in1 they having been on a visit together at ,brother ,schettler's4 ,,chapter ,,lvi4 ,,visit ,,various ,,places ,,of ,,interest ,,in ,,new ,,york ,,and ,,vicinity--,,arrival ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,eastern--,,preach ,,at ,,williamsburg--,,new ,,york',s ,,celebration ,,of ,,the ,,fourth--,,my ,,thirty-,,second ,,birthday--,,secure ,,passports ,,and ,,ocean ,,passage--,,crowded ,,in ,,the ,,steerage--,,foggy ,,and ,,wet ,,weather--,,view ,,of ,,the ,,irish ,,coast--,,fleet ,,of ,,british ,,warships--,,land ,,in ,,liverpool--,,assigned ,,to ,,birmingham ,,conference--,,in ,,birmingham--,,listen ,,to ,,anti-,,mormon ,,lecture--,,visiting ,,from ,,house ,,to ,,house ,,as ,a ,,mormon ,,missionary--,,places ,,of ,,interest--,,transferred ,,to ,,nottingham ,,conference--,,preaching ,,and ,,visiting--,,mission ,,travels--,,go ,,to ,,london--,,see ,,notable ,,places--,,news ,,of ,,my ,,daughter',s ,,death--,,birth ,,of ,,another ,,daughter--,,return ,,to ,,nottingham4 ,,the #bgth of ,june was spent with ,apostle ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,j4 ,croxall1 walking about the city of ,new ,york4 ,that day ,f4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,reuben ,mc,bride arrived1 and next day ,apostle ,lyman and his son ,francis ,m4 left for ,boston4 ,with ,reuben ,mc,bride1 ,i visited the various departments of the place where ,j4 ,croxall and his son worked4 ,we then crossed ,east ,river with ,thomas ,miller1 and strolled through ,williamsburg4 ,we were introduced to a ,brother ,stone and family1 with whom we stayed all night4 ,on the #bith we were made acquainted with many ,latter-day ,saints in ,williamsburg1 then crossed over to ,brooklyn1 where we went through the navy yard and other places2 at the first named place we went on board the old ship of war ,north ,carolina4 ,that day we heard the salutes fired for the ,great ,eastern1 as she steamed up the wharf in ,new ,york4 ,the ocean monster was hailed with joy and enthusiasm4 ,she had been sighted at sea the evening before4 ,in ,new ,york ,city1 on the #cjth1 we visited ,barnum's museum1 ,castle ,garden1 the postoffice1 and had a view of the ,great ,eastern4 ,i received a letter from my family reporting all well4 ,the #ast of ,july was ,sunday1 and we met with the ,latter-day ,saints in ,williamsburg4 ,the speakers at the meetings that day were ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 ,elder ,walter ,gibson and myself4 ,i crossed over to ,new ,york that night1 and the remainder of our stay in the city was the guest of ,bernard ,a4 ,schettler1 who treated me very kindly4 ,during the next few days we visited many factories1 ships and places of interest1 and wrote letters home4 ,on the #dth1 which was my thirty-second birthday anniversary1 there was a grand celebration4 ,the militia of ,new ,york ,city paraded1 passing the ,george ,washington monument in review4 ,there was a grand fireworks display in the evening2 and in the afternoon we witnessed the aeronaut1 ,mr4 ,wise1 ascend out of sight with a balloon4 ,on the #ith we sent to ,washington for our passports4 ,w4 ,h4 ,dame and ,i were appointed on the #abth to take the money of our party1 secure berths on the steamship ,edinburgh1 of the ,blackball line between ,new ,york and ,liverpool1 and to purchase articles necessary for the journey across the ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,we attended to this duty on the #acth4 ,july #adth1 our party1 thirteen in number1 went on board1 and at #ab o'clock noon1 the vessel left the landing4 ,we paid twenty-five dollars each for steerage passage4 ,there were nearly three hundred passengers1 and the berths were all taken up1 so our lot was rather hard4 ,being very much crowded for room as well1 it was plain that our part of the voyage was not to be very pleasant2 but we were on board and had to make the best of it4 ,by the #ahth we were off the banks of ,newfoundland1 in a dense1 damp fog1 that obscured the sun and made it impossible to see more than a few rods from the ship4 ,the steam siren kept up a constant whistling1 to warn other vessels of our location and approach4 ,the fog lasted till the #bcrd1 when it lighted up1 but the weather was cloudy1 with some rain4 ,on the #bdth a vessel bore in sight4 ,next day we had headwinds1 and the sun shone for a short time4 ,we came in sight of the southwest coast of ,ireland1 and at the cry of ,land6 every countenance brightened4 ,all were on deck to catch a glimpse of the welcome scene4 ,as this proceeding was going on1 we heard the cry1 ,sail ho6 and in a short time there came into full view a fleet of her majesty ,queen ,victoria's warships1 eleven in number4 ,they were steaming along the coast to the south and in advance of us4 ,suddenly they changed their course and came to meet us4 ,when they drew near1 their signal flags were hoisted on the masts1 making a beautiful and imposing appearance4 ,that night at #aa o'clock we ran into ,queenstown1 the harbor of ,cork1 ,ireland4 ,there some passengers for ,ireland1 and mail were taken off1 and we headed for the coast of ,england1 coming in sight of ,wales the next day4 ,early on the morning of the #bgth we were on the muddy1 dark waters of the ,mersey1 and soon landed in ,liverpool1 where the dank1 smoky1 mildewed walls looked to us as if they had stood for a thousand years4 ,to our eyes the city had a very dismal and forbidding appearance4 ,after the usual custom house inspection1 we sent our baggage to the ,latter-day ,saints' office at #db ,islington1 and walked there ourselves1 a distance of a mile and a half4 ,at the office we met ,elder ,n4 ,v4 ,jones and others1 who received us very kindly4 ,the following day we were appointed to our various missionary fields1 ,j4 ,c4 ,rich and ,i being assigned to ,birmingham pastorate4 ,that afternoon ,elder ,rich and ,i paid a visit to ,birkenhead1 across the river ,mersey1 and met with some of the ,saints4 ,sunday1 ,july #bith1 we all attended meeting with the ,liverpool ,saints1 in their assembly room on ,great ,george's ,street4 ,next day1 ,elder ,rich and ,i took train for ,birmingham1 passing through a tunnel a mile and a half long on the route4 ,arriving at ,new ,street station1 ,birmingham1 we hailed a cab and were taken to ,no4 #afc ,burton ,place1 ,spring ,hill4 ,there we had expected to find ,elder ,charles ,w4 ,penrose1 but he was not at home4 ,his sister-in-law met us1 and seemed surprised at our call4 ,i told her who we were1 and we received a rather mistrustful invitation to come in2 but after questioning us some she became satisfied of our identity1 and provided us with something to eat4 ,later1 ,f4 ,g4 ,blake1 who was traveling ,elder in that place1 came in1 and we took a walk with him1 meeting ,elder ,penrose4 ,we all went to ,west ,bromwich that evening1 and heard one ,mr4 ,bird1 an old apostate from ,utah1 lecture against the ,mormons4 ,he was doing this for money1 and the large hall was full of people4 ,he made many false accusations against the ,latter-day ,saints1 which were loudly applauded by his ignorant hearers4 ,after the lecture we returned to ,birmingham1 and stayed all night at ,elder ,penrose's4 ,to us1 ,birmingham seemed as dark1 smokey and mildewed as did ,liverpool2 but it was well located4 ,the place was one of the busiest manufacturing centers of the world4 ,the railway lines passing through do not obstruct or occupy the streets2 on one of the roads1 which is built on a series of arches1 the cars run level with the chimneys on three-story houses2 and other roads pass beneath the city1 running under large houses4 ,the ,new ,street station was one of the best and most commodious ,i have ever seen2 indeed it is now one of the largest in the world1 occupying eleven acres1 with a fine iron and glass roof eleven hundred feet long4 ,after visiting from house to house with the ,saints on ,august #ast1 we preached that evening in the ,oxford ,street ,hall4 ,next day our visiting continued1 and we found a dull spirit among the people4 ,trade was very bad1 and the working people were extremely poor4 ,many of them were unable to give us a good meal of victuals unless they suffered themselves in consequence2 yet they seemed very kind to us1 but sluggish in spirit4 ,that night we preached in ,hockley ,chapel1 ,farm ,street4 ,on the #crd we visited the different markets in the city2 on the #dth met ,elders ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman1 ,c4 ,c4 ,rich and ,n4 ,v4 ,jones2 and on the #eth were with the ,saints in conference in the ,odd ,fellows' ,hall1 where large congregations assembled4 ,the presidents of the branches in the ,birmingham conference made favorable reports1 and the ,gospel was preached by ,apostles ,lyman and ,rich and others of the ,elders4 ,that night ,j4 ,c4 ,rich and ,i stayed at ,brother ,acock's4 ,it did not seem possible to get the people into the notion of going to bed before midnight2 that seeming to be the custom in the ,english cities4 ,the ,gillott steel and gold pen factory was the object of an interesting visit by ,j4 ,c4 ,rich1 ,f4 ,g4 ,blake and myself on ,august #fth4 ,we passed through the factory1 and saw the work from rolling the large bars of steel down to finishing the pen ready for use2 there were four hundred persons employed in the factory4 ,that evening the ,elders met in council1 and ,j4 ,c4 ,rich and ,i were appointed to labor in the ,nottingham pastorate4 ,next day1 in company with several others1 ,i visited the grave of ,elder ,james ,h4 ,flanagan1 who died while on a mission2 his body was interred in the old ,birmingham cemetery4 ,in the evening we had a pleasant sociable at the home of ,brother ,smith1 and next day ,j4 ,c4 ,rich and ,i took the train for ,nottingham1 where we were met at the station by ,elder ,edward ,reid1 president of the conference1 and were conducted to ,no4 #bd ,promenade1 ,robinhood ,street1 where the wife of ,elder ,david ,john had dinner waiting for us4 ,we next went to ,radcliffe ,chapel1 where we met with a goodly number of ,saints1 and preached to them4 ,elder ,david ,john presided over the ,nottingham pastorate4 ,the day after reaching the town ,i took a severe cold1 and had to lay by the next day4 ,we found ,nottingham a very different place to ,liverpool and ,birmingham4 ,the town and adjacent country were not so smoky and unhealthful4 ,the town had about one hundred and eighty thousand inhabitants1 and was the center of the silk and cotton lace and hosiery industries4 ,on ,sunday1 ,august #abth1 ,elders ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,n4 ,v4 ,jones 7who had come from ,liverpool7 and ,i preached to the ,saints2 on the #acth ,j4 ,c4 ,rich and ,i went to visit ,g4 ,wright1 at the request of his niece who lived in ,utah2 his home was at ,fisherton1 on the river ,trent1 and after an unwelcome greeting there we returned to ,nottingham4 ,next day we went to ,mansfield with ,elder ,james ,payne1 passing through the place where ,robin ,hood roamed4 ,that evening we preached to the ,saints1 then spent the next two days preaching in different villages4 ,at ,pixton1 on the #afth1 we visited a coal pit4 ,leicester1 the county seat of ,leicestershire1 and center of the boot and shoe trade1 was our destination on ,august #aith4 ,we preached there that night1 and on ,monday visited the museum4 ,the rest of the week we spent in visiting and preaching in several villages1 then returned to ,nottingham4 ,at ,loughborough1 on the #bbnd1 our meeting was disturbed by several rude young men1 who laughed and asked questions in an offensive manner4 ,a stone was hurled through the window at me1 while ,i was preaching4 ,it passed just in front of me1 but no one was hit4 ,the meeting was dismissed in confusion4 ,on the #bfth1 we went to ,derby for a couple of days4 ,my health continued to be very poor during this period of my travels4 ,burton-on-,trent1 a place noted for the brewing of malt liquors1 was visited on the #bhth1 and that night ,i preached at ,branston1 then stayed at the house of a chimney-sweep named ,doman4 ,he had been in the ,church nineteen years4 ,next day we preached in the pottery district1 then returned to ,derby1 where1 on the #cast1 we went through ,fox ,company's shot factory1 going to the top of the tower1 two hundred and twenty steps4 ,that evening we went to a theatre4 ,during the first part of ,september1 ,i traveled and preached1 visiting ,nottingham1 ,derby1 ,belper and several adjacent villages4 ,i attended the ,derby races on the #fth2 there were about twenty thousand people in attendance4 ,on the #abth1 ,i left ,nottingham for ,london in company with ,brothers ,j4 ,c4 ,rich and ,blackburn1 and ,sister ,cook and daughter1 going via the ,midland railway4 ,from ,st4 ,pancras station we went to ,brother ,john ,cook's1 at ,no4 #cj ,florence ,street1 ,cross ,street1 ,islington1 ,london1 where ,i made my home during my stay in the metropolis4 ,there we met with ,elders ,john ,brown1 ,f4 ,m4 ,lyman1 and ,john ,gleason4 ,i remained in ,london and vicinity until ,october #crd4 ,during our stay at the national capital we visited many interesting places1 among them being the tunnel under the ,thames1 which is reached by a flight of one hundred steps1 is four hundred yards from end to end1 and while we were passing through there were some fifteen to twenty ships lying above it1 and steamboats passing over it up and down the river4 ,we visited the ,british hospitals for invalided soldiers and sailors1 and went from there to ,greenwich1 whence is measured longitude east and west1 and where we also saw the standard weights and measures of ,great ,britain4 ,the ,british ,museum2 the ,king's ,library2 ,westminster ,abbey1 where ,great ,britain's rulers are anointed and crowned by the archbishops of the ,church of ,england2 the ,parliament buildings1 wherein are the ,house of ,lords and ,house of ,commons1 with the throne and the woolsack2 ,buckingham ,palace1 the city residence of ,queen ,victoria2 ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral1 which was undergoing repairs2 ,national ,gallery2 ,cattle ,market2 ,zoological ,gardens1 with the giraffe1 the hippopotamus1 the rhinoceros and all manner of beasts and birds2 ,south ,kensington ,museum2 ,hyde ,park2 ,white ,tower of ,london1 where are the block and ax used in beheading ,queen ,anne ,boleyn and ,mary1 ,queen of ,scots1 also the royal regalia1 and much other material of historic value2 ,london ,bridge1 with its vast traffic2 ,crystal ,palace with its tower four hundred and twelve steps to the top1 from which can be seen six counties of ,england2 ,anatomical ,museum2 ,madame ,tussaud's ,bazar2 the ,dockyards1 and the rich residence portion of ,london1 all were visited by us1 and were very interesting and entertaining4 ,on ,september #acth we attended a tea party of the ,saints near ,king's ,cross station4 ,several times ,i preached to congregations1 both on the ,surrey side of the ,thames1 and on the north side4 ,on the #adth1 ,elders ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,n4 ,v4 ,jones came from ,scotland to ,london4 ,i received a letter from home on the #beth1 ,tuesday1 bringing the sad intelligence of the death of ,deseret ,ann1 my second daughter1 also of the birth to her mother1 my wife ,rebecca1 of a daughter4 ,i wrote an answer to that letter the same day4 ,during the time ,i was in ,london ,i had a severe cold and my health was far from good4 ,i returned to ,nottingham on ,october #crd1 via the ,great ,northern railway1 and resumed my missionary labors in that conference4 ,,chapter ,,lvii4 ,,again ,,at ,,missionary ,,labors--,,baptisms--,,become ,,quite ,,ill--,,appointed ,,president ,,of ,,the ,,nottingham ,,district1 ,,embracing ,,three ,,conferences--,,visited ,,by ,,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,,lyman1 ,c4 ,c4 ,,rich ,,and ,,others--,,settling ,,differences ,,among ,,church ,,members--,,attend ,a ,,phrenological ,,lecture--,,get ,a ,,chart--,,go ,,to ,,liverpool--,,in ,,conference ,,at ,,nottingham--,,my ,,pastorate ,,enlarged--,,witness ,a ,,military ,,review--,,more ,,baptisms--,,visit ,,sheffield--,,fixing ,,my ,,name--,,poverty ,,in ,,nottingham--,,invited ,,to ,,take ,a ,,trip ,,to ,,paris--,,go ,,to ,,london--,,have ,,to ,,give ,,up ,,the ,,visit ,,to ,,france--,,in ,,poor ,,health--,,return ,,to ,,nottingham--,,see ,,professor ,,blondin4 ,,the month of ,october was occupied in traveling and preaching in the district where ,i was assigned to labor as a missionary4 ,in fulfilling this calling ,i visited1 besides the town of ,nottingham1 which was headquarters1 ,derby1 ,leicester1 ,burton-on-,trent1 ,radcliffe1 ,arnold1 ,hucknall1 ,mansfield1 ,pixton1 ,ilkiston1 ,woodhouse1 ,wirksworth1 ,mount ,st4 ,bernard1 ,tutbury and other places1 preaching in some of them several times4 ,on ,october #bc1 ,i visited the ,mount ,saint ,bernard monastery1 and a reformatory for incorrigible boys4 ,the first named was a ,catholic institution4 ,november was occupied similarly to ,october1 and in addition to most of the places visited in the last named month1 ,i was at ,belper1 ,carlton1 ,coalville and other small towns4 ,on the #aath ,i baptized three young women1 ,annie ,simpson1 ,harriet ,cadman and ,eliza ,bates4 ,the weather turning cold and stormy1 my health was not very good4 ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich came on the #bdth and on the #bhth we went to ,sutton1 where ,i had to stop for several days1 ,i was so ill4 ,the month of ,december had some very cold and stormy weather1 but my health was somewhat improved4 ,i continued in my missionary district1 going to several new places4 ,i was invited by ,sisters ,underwood and ,burrows to take dinner on ,christmas4 ,mr4 ,burrows was a policeman1 and was not a member of the ,church4 ,i stayed with him at his home on ,christmas night4 ,the next evening we had a meeting in ,radcliffe1 at which an unpleasant spirit was displayed by some4 ,i advised the ,saints to fast and pray to get the ,spirit of the ,lord4 ,brother ,john was offended with this advice1 and remonstrated1 and when the meeting was dismissed there was a feeling of dissatisfaction among the people4 ,on the #cjth of ,december ,i was appointed to the presidency of the ,nottingham pastorate1 embracing the ,nottingham1 ,derby and ,leicester conferences of the ,church4 ,i was quite ill at this time1 with the mumps4 ,my appointment came from ,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman1 ,c4 ,c4 ,rich and ,george ,q4 ,cannon1 the presidency of the ,european mission of the ,church of ,jesus ,christ of ,latter-day ,saints4 ,the opening of the year #ahfa found me quite ill1 and for the first few days of ,january ,i was confined to my bed most of the time4 ,on the #fth we held conference in ,nottingham1 and on the evening before1 ,elders ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman1 ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 ,g4 ,gates1 ,j4 ,gleason1 ,c4 ,welsh1 ,a4 ,orme and ,h4 ,druce came to meet with us4 ,we had a good time at the conference4 ,elders ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,c4 ,c4 ,rich stayed with us till the #aath1 and ,i visited part of the time with them1 going to various villages in the neighborhood1 where they preached4 ,during the remainder of the month ,i traveled and preached and attended to the conference books and business generally4 ,brother ,david ,john came to me on the #bhth1 being very sorry for the unpleasant remarks he had made1 and we settled matters satisfactorily to both1 parting with the best of feelings4 ,the next day he and his family moved to ,south ,wales4 ,my health continued to be quite poor4 ,on the #cjth ,i took a shock from an electric battery1 hoping it would do me some good4 ,my health was not much improved during the month of ,february2 but ,i continued my missionary visits and other duties1 writing to my father and family1 and endeavoring to carry the ,gospel message wherever ,i could4 ,on the #acth1 at the urgent request of ,sister ,mary ,wilson1 ,i visited her parents and sick sister at ,newark1 being kindly received and invited to call again4 ,from the #aith to the #bcrd1 ,elder ,c4 ,c4 ,rich paid a visit to the conference and preached to the people4 ,on ,march #bnd ,i attended a meeting called at ,pinxton to settle a difficulty among some of the members of the ,church4 ,it had continued about three years1 but after a long meeting we succeeded in arranging matters1 and three of the parties concerned agreed to repent and be baptized4 ,my visits to the various branches continued4 ,on the #fth ,i baptized ,wm4 ,burton1 ,miss ,cadman and ,miss ,betts4 ,on the #abth ,i was associated in the confirmation of twelve persons who had been baptized by ,elder ,j4 ,c4 ,rich the evening before4 ,on the #beth of this month ,i attended one of the ,fowler and ,wells lectures on phrenology1 and was so interested that on the #bhth ,i obtained a phrenological chart of myself4 ,i attended a tea party on ,april #ast1 about two hundred persons being present4 ,the evening was spent pleasantly1 in singing1 reciting and speech-making and partaking of lunch4 ,the next day ,i baptized seven persons at ,nottingham4 ,in the course of my missionary duties1 ,i called a meeting of the ,mansfield branch on ,april #i1 to settle a difficulty of long standing4 ,i released from performing any ,church official duties all who held the ,priesthood1 because of continual jarring and contention among them4 ,on the #ahth ,i went with some emigrating ,saints to ,liverpool1 to assist them1 settling their business and getting their tickets4 ,at ,liverpool1 on the #aith1 ,i accompanied ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich on a search among the docks for a ship that could be chartered1 but we were not successful in finding one4 ,the next day the ,saints went on board the ship ,underwriter1 which had been chartered previously for this company1 and ,i assisted those who had come with me to get settled on the vessel4 ,the next day1 ,sunday1 the presidency of the mission went on the ship1 where the company was organized with ,elder ,milo ,andrus as president1 ,elders ,h4 ,duncan and ,c4 ,w4 ,penrose as counselors1 and ,john ,cook as steward4 ,the migrating ,saints were also given appropriate instructions by ,apostles ,lyman1 ,rich and ,cannon4 ,next day the vessel sailed1 and on the following day1 ,tuesday1 ,i returned to my missionary duties at ,nottingham and vicinity4 ,on the #bith1 the day after holding a conference at ,nottingham1 ,i baptized six persons4 ,in the early part of ,may--the #eth--conference was held in ,leicester1 ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich being in attendance4 ,he remained till the #ith1 preaching to the people in different places4 ,on the #agth ,i received a letter from ,apostle ,george ,q4 ,cannon1 informing me that my district had been enlarged1 the ,lincolnshire conference being detached from ,elder ,joseph ,f4 ,smith's district and added to mine1 so there were four conferences in my pastorate4 ,on the #bjth ,i baptized one man and two women who had been cut off the ,church1 but desired to return4 ,next day ,i was a spectator1 with about forty thousand other people1 at a review of the ,nottingham ,rifles1 before the ,duke of ,newcastle1 at ,nottingham ,forest4 ,on the #beth ,apostle ,g4 ,q4 ,cannon came from ,liverpool1 held meetings1 and attended to business in conference4 ,on ,june #bnd ,i attended to three more baptisms1 and on the #fth was at the ,sheffield conference1 which was in charge of ,elder ,joseph ,f4 ,smith4 ,during my stay there ,i visited a large manufactory of steel and iron ware1 and called on the ,norfolk giant1 but he was too ill to be seen4 ,on the #acth ,i returned to ,nottingham1 traveling as far as ,grantham with ,apostles ,lyman and ,rich1 who went on to ,london4 ,the remainder of the month was occupied in my general duties4 ,it was in this month that ,i wrote to the ,millennial ,star1 explaining how my name was ,james ,brown1 and then because of others of the same name ,i became known as ,james ,brown #bnd1 then ,james ,brown #crd1 and had concluded to take my mother's maiden name1 ,stephens1 so that thereafter ,i would have an initial to distinguish me1 and be known as ,james ,s4 ,brown4 ,at ,nottingham1 on ,june #f1 many poor people marched through the streets1 asking and singing for food1 or money to buy it4 ,the next day after meeting1 ,i was presented by ,sister ,elizabeth ,wilson with a small anchor1 cross and heart she had made out of a stone she had picked up on the beach at ,folkestone1 ,england4 ,on the #hth ,i received a letter from ,apostle ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 inviting ,elder ,j4 ,c4 ,rich and myself to meet him and ,apostle ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman in ,london on the #adth1 to take a trip to ,paris1 ,france4 ,accordingly1 ,i arranged the conference business1 and we were in ,london on the date named1 attending conference4 ,our contemplated visit to ,france had to be given up1 however1 as the ,apostles were called to ,scotland to attend to some matters there4 ,we visited many places of interest in ,london1 such as the ,anatomical ,museum1 the ,polytechnic ,institute1 ,crystal ,palace1 ,bank of ,england1 the ,fire ,monument1 the ,docks1 ,tower of ,london1 ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral1 ,smithfield ,market1 the ,mint1 ,windsor ,castle1 and ,eton ,college4 ,on the #agth1 at ,crystal ,palace1 we heard the chorus of three thousand five hundred children4 ,at ,eton ,college we found the students inclined to be impudent1 throwing pebbles at passers-by and staring rudely at them4 ,during the latter part of my stay in ,london ,i was quite ill1 and had to remain indoors part of the time1 once being in all day4 ,i returned to ,nottingham on the #bdth1 where the only thing of particular interest outside of my missionary duties that ,i observed during that month was on the #cjth1 when ,i went out to the park and saw ,professor ,blondin perform on the tight rope4 ,,chapter ,,lviii4 ,,prolonged ,,illness--,,attend ,,to ,,my ,,duties ,,with ,,difficulty--,,letter ,,telling ,,of ,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,bull',s ,,run--,,witness ,,an ,,execution ,,by ,,hanging--,,visit ,,from ,,george ,q4 ,,cannon1 ,,joseph ,f4 ,,smith ,,and ,,others--,,death ,,of ,,the ,,prince ,,consort--,,go ,,to ,,birmingham--,,conference ,,of ,,the ,,priesthood ,,in ,,the ,,british ,,mission--,,large ,,meeting ,,in ,,odd ,,fellows' ,,hall1 ,,birmingham--,,again ,,at ,,nottingham--,,visit ,,liverpool--,,consult ,a ,,physician1 ,,but ,,get ,,little ,,relief--,,see ,,the ,,liverpool ,,grand ,,national ,,races--,,depravity ,,among ,,poorer ,,classes ,,in ,,liverpool--,,again ,,at ,,nottingham--,,released ,,to ,,return ,,home--,,bid ,,the ,,people ,,farewell--,,display ,,of ,,their ,,affection ,,for ,,me--,,report ,,of ,,my ,,labors ,,published ,,in ,,the ,,millennial ,,star--,,on ,,board ,,ship--,,placed ,,in ,,charge ,,of ,,the ,,company--,,sail ,,for ,,america--,,driven ,,by ,,headwinds ,,along ,,the ,,coasts ,,of ,,the ,,isle ,,of ,,man1 ,,wales1 ,,ireland ,,and ,,scotland--,,severe ,,seasickness--,,get ,,to ,,sea--,,slow ,,voyage--,,deaths ,,and ,,burials ,,at ,,sea--,,land ,,at ,,new ,,york--,,guest ,,of ,,hon4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,hooper--,,journey ,,to ,,florence1 ,,nebraska--,,captain ,,and ,,guide ,,of ,,independent ,,company--,,reach ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,report ,,to ,,president ,,young--,,again ,,at ,,home4 ,,during the remainder of the year #ahfa ,i was in very poor health1 often having to stay in my room all day1 and when ,i was able to get about1 many times it was with great difficulty1 as ,i was quite lame in my hips and shoulder4 ,i tried various applications and simple remedies1 but to little purpose4 ,i moved around as best ,i could1 however1 and by determined efforts ,i was able to attend to my duties1 visiting the ,saints1 and preaching the ,gospel wherever opportunity offered1 whether at indoor or outdoor meetings4 ,sometimes1 when ,i was able to get to the meetings of the ,saints1 ,i was too ill to stand up and preach1 but toward the latter part of the year my health improved a little4 ,the civil war in ,america was on1 having begun after ,i left2 and on ,august #eth ,i received a letter telling of the battle of ,bull's ,run1 near ,manassas ,junction1 which was fought ,july #ba1 #ahfa1 and in which the ,union forces were defeated4 ,on the #afth of ,august ,i went to the ,derbyshire jail yard in ,derby1 and there saw a young man named ,george ,smith executed by hanging4 ,he had murdered his father4 ,from thirty-five to forty thousand people witnessed the execution4 ,on the #ast of ,september ,apostle ,george ,q4 ,cannon was in ,nottingham1 attending conference1 and we had large meetings and an excellent time4 ,on ,october #ast ,elder ,joseph ,f4 ,smith and other missionaries came from ,sheffield on a visit1 and remained several days1 spending the time among the ,saints4 ,at ,nottingham we had a tea party in the ,arboretum1 at which about two hundred persons were present4 ,i was visiting the ,saints at ,pinxton on ,december #adth1 the day that ,prince ,albert1 husband of ,queen ,victoria1 died at ,windsor ,castle4 ,i started for ,birmingham on the #cast of ,december to attend a conference of those in the ,british ,mission who held the ,holy ,priesthood4 ,this conference began on ,wednesday1 ,january #a1 #ahfb1 and was largely attended4 ,we had a most enjoyable time in making reports of our experiences and in receiving instruction and testifying of the blessings of the ,gospel4 ,the meetings began at #aj a4m4 and lasted till #b p4m41 then at #d p4m4 and lasted till #g p4m4 ,they continued through ,wednesday1 ,thursday1 ,friday and ,saturday1 the presidency of the ,european ,mission1 ,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman1 ,charles ,c4 ,rich and ,george ,q4 ,cannon1 being in attendance and directing the meetings4 ,on ,sunday1 the #eth1 we met with the ,saints in ,odd ,fellows' ,hall1 the congregation numbering about fifteen hundred persons2 an excellent feeling prevailed4 ,next day the ,priesthood meetings were concluded1 and on ,tuesday ,i left ,birmingham for ,derby1 in my own missionary district4 ,on the #bgth of ,january ,i was in ,nottingham1 and baptized and confirmed ,elizabeth ,hardy4 ,my health again became quite bad1 but ,i performed my duties1 preaching1 baptizing1 visiting and conversing with the people on the subject of the ,gospel1 and attending to the business in my pastorate1 until ,march #eth1 when ,i took the train for ,liverpool4 ,there ,i consulted ,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,g4 ,q4 ,cannon1 and on the #gth ,elder ,cannon introduced me to ,dr4 ,smith1 who pronounced my ailment neuralgia1 and prescribed turkish baths and the magnetic-electric machine4 ,i remained in ,liverpool till the #bbnd1 occasionally visiting1 in company with some of the ,elders1 places of interest such as the new park and the botanical gardens4 ,on ,march #aath we saw the ,liverpool races at ,aintree1 a suburb4 ,there were two plate races and the grand national steeple chase4 ,at one hurdle a horse fell on his rider and the latter was picked up for dead1 but he recovered2 three other riders were unhorsed4 ,about twenty thousand people were in attendance at these races4 ,it was while in ,liverpool1 on ,march #ahth1 as ,i was walking through the northwest part of the town in company with ,elder ,george ,j4 ,taylor1 that ,i saw hundreds of people in the most degraded state in which ,i ever beheld human beings4 ,my health having improved a little1 ,i returned to ,nottingham on the #bbnd1 ,apostle ,g4 ,q4 ,cannon's wife and child accompanying me4 ,mrs4 ,cannon had been very ill1 and had been advised to go to ,nottingham in the hope of the change benefiting her health4 ,on reaching ,nottingham1 ,i there resumed my missionary labors4 ,my health again began to fail1 and early in ,april ,i received notice of my release to return home4 ,on the #gth of ,april ,sister ,cannon went to ,liverpool in company with her husband4 ,i settled business of the conference and went to different branches and bade the ,saints good-bye4 ,they exhibited their affection for me by many words and acts of kindness4 ,on ,april #acth ,i preached my farewell sermon in ,nottingham1 and it was with mingled feelings of sorrow and joy that ,i bade the ,saints farewell--sorrow to leave them1 and joy to see the display of love toward me by both members of the ,church and numbers of people who were not members4 ,on ,monday1 ,april #adth1 ,i went to ,liverpool4 ,the next day ,i wrote the following1 which was published in the ,millennial ,star3 ,liverpool1 ,april #ae1 #ahfb4 ,president ,cannon3 ,,dear ,,brother3--,i take pleasure in writing to you a brief report of my labors in the ministry of the ,nottingham ,district4 ,on the #gth of ,august1 #ahfj1 ,i was appointed by the presidency here1 namely3 ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman and ,c4 ,c4 ,rich1 to labor as a traveling ,elder in the aforementioned district1 where ,i continued my labors in company with ,elder ,joseph ,c4 ,rich and under the pastoral charge of ,elder ,david ,john1 until ,january #ast1 #ahfa4 ,i then received an appointment to the presidency of the ,nottingham ,district1 composed of the ,nottingham1 ,derby1 ,leicester and ,lincolnshire conferences1 where ,i continued my labors until the #adth instant1 when ,i arrived in ,liverpool1 having received your letter of release1 with the privilege of returning to our mountain home in ,utah4 ,i can truly say that ,i have taken much pleasure in my field of labor1 for ,i have seen my feeble exertions in connection with the ,priesthood laboring with me crowned with success4 ,i have witnessed an increase of the good ,spirit among the ,saints4 ,we have not only witnessed these symptoms of increase1 but have added by baptism some two hundred and fifty souls1 besides many rebaptisms2 and many misunderstandings of the ,saints have been corrected1 so that1 with a few exceptions1 the ,saints are in fellowship with one another4 ,in that district1 ,i think1 there have been some four excommunicated and five disfellowshiped during the last twenty-one months2 and with the present year's emigration1 we have two hundred emigrated from that district4 ,suffice it to say1 that the district is in a healthy condition4 ,the ,saints are feeling very well1 and are full of the spirit to emigrate4 ,many strangers are becoming very much interested in our meetings1 insomuch that some of them attend regularly2 and on ,sunday evening1 the #acth1 after ,i preached my farewell sermon in ,nottingham1 some four or five strangers1 whom ,i have no recollection of ever seeing before1--shook hands with me1 saying1 ',god bless you1' and at the same time they did not forget to bless me themselves1 thus exemplifying their faith by their works4 ,i find the people in the midland counties to be a kindhearted people2 and when once you get the crust of tradition in which they are encased cracked1 so as to feed them with the bread of eternal life1 they generally receive it with great joy and gladness4 ,although ,i have not enjoyed very good health any of the time ,i have been in this country1 ,i feel sometimes to regret leaving the mission1 when ,i reflect upon the memory of so many warm throbbing hearts for ,zion1 whose circumstances are rather forbidding at present2 yet ,i feel that if they would arouse with more energy and life1 and be more faithful in reading the ,stars and ,journals1 attend their meetings1 and be more faithful in their duties1 and not pore over their poverty so much1 the time is not far distant when they will be able to accomplish that most desirable object of going to ,zion4 ,and now ,i beg to bid good-bye to the ,saints of the ,nottingham ,district1 and say1 may the ,god of ,israel bless and preserve them1 together with all the ,saints and the honest in heart in all the world4 ,and as ,i expect to leave this country on the #bast instant1 ,i bid adieu to her majesty's dominions and to all her subjects4 ,i have lifted up my voice and cried aloud1 and spared not1 till ,i feel that my skirts are clear1 so far as this mission to the ,british nation is concerned4 ,and now with kind regards to yourself1 ,presidents ,lyman and ,rich1 my brethren and co-laborers in the ministry and the many faithful ,saints under their watchcare1 ,i bid all an affectionate farewell1 praying ,god to bless and prosper every effort made to advance the interests of ,his kingdom4 ,i subscribe myself your brother in the ,gospel of ,christ1 ,,james ,s4 ,,brown4 ,i was variously engaged the next two days in preparing for the voyage1 and in assisting others4 ,on ,saturday1 the #aith1 ,i went on board the ship ,john ,j4 ,boyd1 on which we were to sail4 ,that day a young man who resided at ,nottingham and who had been courting ,miss ,mary ,oakey1 from the same district1 came to ,liverpool1 and the young lady went out with him4 ,they were never seen again by us4 ,we supposed they had eloped4 ,on ,monday1 the #bast1 ,i again went on board4 ,apostles ,a4 ,m4 ,lyman1 ,c4 ,c4 ,rich and ,george ,q4 ,cannon came on the vessel and organized the company of emigrating ,saints1 with the following presidency3 ,james ,s4 ,brown1 president2 ,john ,lindsay and ,j4 ,c4 ,rich1 counselors4 ,the ,apostles gave us much good instructions and bade us good-bye1 after which we made a further temporary organization so as to call watches for the night2 then1 after prayer1 we retired1 it being about midnight4 ,next day the company was organized into nine wards1 with a presiding teacher over each4 ,there were on board six hundred and ninety-six emigrating ,saints1 and the crew1 which made the total up to seven hundred and thirty-five souls4 ,at half-past seven o'clock on the #bcrd we weighed anchor1 and the vessel was towed about twenty miles out to sea1 and left1 in a strong headwind4 ,we beat about the ,irish ,channel all day1 and about #d p4m41 drew so close to the ,isle of ,man that we could see the towns and distinguish the houses4 ,then we tacked about and sailed away along the coast of ,wales4 ,nearly everybody on board was seasick1 and one child1 about five months old1 in a family named ,hardy1 died4 ,it was buried at sea on the #bdth4 ,myself and counselors went among the people1 waiting on them and cheering them4 ,next day the heavy headwind continued1 and the seasickness seemed very severe4 ,i was affected myself1 but still was able to help others4 ,we went along between the ,isle of ,man and the coast of ,ireland1 and by the #bfth1 when the wind became lighter1 we could see the coast of ,ireland on our left and the ,scottish hills on the right4 ,we could also see the ,irish houses1 farms and roads quite plainly4 ,it was noon on the #bgth before we passed out of sight of land1 the last we saw being a small island off the northwest coast of ,ireland4 ,from that time on we experienced all kinds of weather1 from a dead calm to a heavy gale4 ,on the #ast of ,may the wind was so strong it carried away the jib-boom and fore-top-gallant mast4 ,on the #eth a little boy named ,benjamin ,v4 ,williams died from a fall down the hatchway on ,may #ast4 ,taking all things together1 however1 we got along fairly well4 ,once we had to complain to the captain of rough treatment by the third mate and some of the sailors1 and it was checked4 ,on ,may #bast we sighted ,sandy ,hook1 and on ,june #ast we cast anchor in the bay of ,new ,york4 ,on the voyage we had had cases of measles and whooping-cough1 and there were seven deaths in our company while we were at sea4 ,on landing in ,new ,york ,i received an invitation from ,hon4 ,wm4 ,h4 ,hooper for the ,utah ,elders to stay at the ,astor ,house at his expense4 ,eleven of us availed ourselves of the courtesy extended4 ,on ,june #bnd the emigrants were landed and we proceeded west via ,niagara ,falls and the lakes to ,detroit1 then by way of ,chicago1 ,quincy and ,hannibal to ,st4 ,joseph1 ,missouri4 ,from that point we went to ,florence1 ,nebraska1 by steamboat1 and there ,i turned over my charge to ,joseph ,w4 ,young1 who was conducting affairs at that place4 ,i was next assigned to an independent company which had its own outfit1 and was selected as captain and guide4 ,the company consisted of two hundred and fifty souls1 with fifty wagons and teams4 ,we left ,florence in the latter part of ,june1 and arrived in ,salt ,lake ,city on ,september #bc1 #ahfb4 ,i made my report to ,president ,brigham ,young1 and was honorably released4 ,i stayed in the city till after the ,october conference of the ,church1 then hastened home to my family in ,ogden ,city1 finding them all well4 ,,chapter ,,lix4 ,,remove ,,from ,,ogden ,,to ,,salt ,,lake ,,city ,,at ,,the ,,request ,,of ,,president ,,young--,,necessity ,,for ,,preaching ,,among ,,the ,,saints--,,in ,,the ,,employ ,,of ,,president ,,young--,,on ,,another ,,mission1 ,,this ,,time ,,in ,,utah--,,preaching ,,and ,,lecturing--,,build ,a ,,house--,,go ,,to ,,the ,,canyon ,,to ,,get ,,finishing ,,lumber--,,shot ,,in ,,mistake ,,for ,a ,,bear--,,my ,,wound ,,very ,,serious--,,taken ,,to ,,wanship ,,to ,,receive ,,care--,,my ,,family ,,notified ,,and ,,surgical ,,assistance ,,obtained--,,moved ,,to ,,my ,,home--,,in ,,bed ,,nine ,,months--,,two ,,surgical ,,operations--,,grow ,,stronger--,,employed ,,at ,,the ,,warm ,,springs--,,dr4 ,,robinson--,,abscesses ,,in ,,my ,,wounded ,,limb--,,out ,,of ,,employment--,,go ,,to ,,the ,,california ,,line ,,to ,,examine ,a ,,gold ,,prospect--,,perilous ,,journey--,,indians ,,on ,,the ,,warpath--,,remarkable ,,experience ,,with ,a ,,band ,,of ,,savages--,,gift ,,of ,,speaking ,,their ,,language--,,unable ,,to ,,work ,,the ,,gold ,,claim ,,because ,,of ,,lack ,,of ,,water--,,return ,,to ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,go ,,to ,,the ,,gold ,,discoveries ,,on ,,the ,,sweetwater--,,discover ,a ,,placer ,,claim--,,an ,,attempt ,,to ,,rob ,,me ,,of ,,it--,,rush ,,for ,a ,,mine--,,hold ,,the ,,claim--,,assailed ,,by ,,hostile ,,indians--,a ,,race ,,for ,,life--,,three ,,men ,,killed--,,we ,,abandon ,,camp--,,defer ,,with ,,my ,,lame ,,limb--,,lose ,,the ,,mining ,,claim--,,hauling ,,coal ,,and ,,produce--,,almost ,,die--,,confined ,,to ,,bed ,,for ,,months--,,amputation ,,of ,,my ,,limb ,,to ,,save ,,my ,,life--,,recovery--,,attend ,,to ,,my ,,nursery--,,advent ,,of ,,the ,,railway--,,traveling ,,and ,,preaching--,a ,,slight ,,sun-,,stroke4 ,,shortly after my return from my mission to ,europe1 ,president ,brigham ,young was in ,ogden1 and told me he wished me to locate my family in ,salt ,lake ,city1 preparatory to my going on another mission1 if not a foreign1 a home mission2 for1 said he1 ,i don't know of any people on earth that need more preaching to than do the ,latter-day ,saints at home4 ,we send our ,elders out to preach and to gather the people from workshops and factories1 then set those people down here in a new country and leave them to do the best they can1 without necessary experience2 and the result is that many of them get discouraged and apostatize2 whereas1 if the ,elders would keep the harness on1 and preach to and encourage them1 they would stay and make good ,latter-day ,saints4 ,i moved to ,salt ,lake ,city according to ,president ,young's advice1 and was about eleven months in his employ4 ,then1 by his appointment1 ,i traveled through the ,territory1 preaching1 and lecturing on my travels and experiences4 ,the people in ,utah were liberal1 giving me much assistance1 principally in the way of farm products4 ,in #ahfc ,i purchased a lot from ,president ,young1 began the erection of a two-story-adobe house1 and moved into it in #ahfd4 ,it was not completed1 and in ,august ,i went into the mountains to get finishing lumber4 ,on the night of the #bjth of that month ,i was shot by a camp mate1 in mistake for a bear4 ,the young man who shot me was ,alexander ,gilbert4 ,the bullet entered two-thirds of the way above my knee1 on the inside of the left thigh1 and shattered the bone into many fragments4 ,the weapon was a ,united ,states yauger1 and carried a half-ounce ball1 which was broken to bits1 and1 with parts of my clothing1 including two pieces of a brass suspender buckle1 lodged in my limb4 ,the accident occurred in ,alexander ,canyon1 about three miles above ,wanship1 ,summit ,county1 between #aa and #ab o'clock at night4 ,there were four of us in camp at the time4 ,the man who did the shooting ran and told ,george ,g4 ,snyder1 who was soon at my side with a team and light spring wagon1 and with some stimulants4 ,he and my camp mates tenderly lifted me on the bed1 and conveyed me to the home of my father-in-law1 ,nathan ,tanner1 in ,wanship1 where ,i was kindly cared for by him and his family1 and my own family notified of the accident that had befallen me4 ,my wound being of a most serious character1 the best surgical attention procurable at the time was obtained4 ,the surgeon advised amputation1 but ,i objected as long as there was any hope of saving the limb4 ,i laid there till ,november1 then was moved to my home in ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,for nine months ,i laid on my back1 unable to move from that position4 ,during that time two surgical operations were performed1 taking out parts of shattered bone and the bullet4 ,i was reduced to a skeleton1 and became so weak ,i could not feed myself or even lift a sheet of paper between my thumb and finger4 ,after the second surgical operation1 however1 ,i began to improve1 and in a few weeks could get around with a crutch and a cane4 ,as ,i grew stronger1 ,i was able to work some in my nursery2 and when1 in the autumn of that year1 #ahfe1 the municipality opened the ,warm ,springs to the public ,i was given charge thereof1 and remained in that position till the autumn of #ahff4 ,i was there at the time ,dr4 ,j4 ,king ,robinson1 who had had a dispute with the city over the ,warm ,springs property1 was killed1 ,october #bb1 #ahff4 ,when ,i was brought from ,wanship in ,november1 #ahfd1 after being shot1 ,dr4 ,robinson1 as associate surgeon in my case1 was the first one to do any cutting on my limb4 ,during the time after ,i was able to move around1 subsequent to the months ,i had to lie in bed1 my wounded limb gave me much trouble4 ,abscesses would form1 causing me severe pain1 then would burst1 and when the pus was drained the flesh would heal again4 ,but ,i was able to perform only light physical labor1 so when1 late in the autumn of #ahff1 business fell off at the ,warm ,springs1 ,i was notified that1 as ,i was unable to do all the work required and the bath house did not have sufficient patronage to pay two men's wages1 my services were no longer required4 ,while business was good ,i had purchased a hack1 one of the first in the city1 to convey passengers to and from the ,warm ,springs1 the route being to the business part of town1 but as traffic fell off ,i had to dispose of the vehicle4 ,thus when ,i was thrown out of employment ,i was left without means of obtaining a livelihood for myself and family4 ,i had some specimens of the gold ,i had discovered near the southeastern boundary of ,california in #ahdi1 when ,i was going on my first mission to the ,society ,islands4 ,i showed the specimens to ,president ,brigham ,young1 and in the spring of #ahfg1 with a company which he had authorized me to select1 started for the ,california border1 our destination being a point in the desert known as ,salt ,springs4 ,the company included ,wood ,birdno1 ,lemuel ,steele1 ,dr4 ,hickman1 ,robert ,egbert and seven others besides myself4 ,on reaching ,los ,vegas1 we learned from white men1 of whom there were about fifty there1 that the ,indians were on the warpath4 ,two of the savages had been killed by the white men1 and their tribe was seeking revenge4 ,the red men had challenged the white men to come out of their fort and fight2 but the challenge was not accepted4 ,we were warned that to continue the journey meant certain death1 so ,i told my companions they were at liberty to return1 but ,i proposed to go on4 ,all of the company elected to do the same4 ,we proceeded very carefully1 and in going along a narrow canyon we observed fresh ,indian tracks4 ,these were noticeable for about five miles1 but in that distance we saw no ,indians1 though we momentarily expected them1 and kept a sharp lookout4 ,at last we discovered one ,indian who claimed to be friendly1 but he left us soon--an action which we accepted as an indication of trouble4 ,in the afternoon we selected a camping place on an almost bare knoll1 where it seemed impossible for a man to find shelter enough to hide himself4 ,as ,i was very tired1 my companions spread some quilts for me to lie down on4 ,scarce had they done so when a large ,indian rose up from a little gully where he had been hidden4 ,he was within shooting distance1 and was well armed4 ,as soon as we saw him1 my companions seized their weapons1 whereupon ,i shouted ,hold on6 ,the ,indian made a motion as if to express a wish to shake hands1 and ,i threw my hand up and down again1 in an involuntary movement1 the meaning of which ,i did not know in ,indian sign language4 ,the stranger received it as a friendly invitation1 and came forward and shook hands4 ,again1 as on former occasions1 ,i had the gift of the tongue or language which the ,indians in this vicinity--near ,williams' ,ranch--spoke1 though ,i had never heard it before4 ,i talked to him1 and learned that there were other ,indians secreted close by4 ,he called to them1 and about fifteen rose up and came to camp4 ,i was informed that white men had killed some of their number1 and that one wounded ,indian was lying a short distance away4 ,this one ,i asked to be brought in and laid near my bed1 which was done4 ,dr4 ,hickman examined his wounds1 a shot through the cheek and one in the hip1 which he said were not fatal4 ,i also directed a piece of wagon cover spread out1 and told the ,indians ,i wanted their weapons laid on that1 which was done4 ,then some of our company rolled the wagon cover up and tied it1 so the guns could not be got at readily if there were trouble4 ,then1 when our guards had been set for the night1 we laid down and slept in peace and safety4 ,we made a bargain with the ,indians to take care of our animals at a place where there was good grass1 and they did so4 ,the next day we moved on and met no further trouble or danger4 ,we reached our destination in due course1 and examined the gold prospect1 which was quite rich4 ,but there was no water within twenty-five miles1 and it was not practicable to work the mines with the methods within our reach in those days4 ,we had to give up and return home1 our route of travel being by way of the ,colorado ,river as far as ,call's ,fort1 then by the settlements on the ,muddy into ,utah4 ,i reported the trip and its results to ,president ,young4 ,at that time there had arisen some excitement over gold discoveries on the ,sweetwater1 near ,south ,pass4 ,fourteen years previous to that date ,i had related to ,president ,young how the ,indians had told me of gold in that locality4 ,president ,young showed me specimens that had been brought him from the new discovery1 and told me to get a few men and see what ,i could do1 as he believed it was a good opportunity for me4 ,i did so1 and in ,july1 #ahfg1 in company with ,foster ,curtis1 ,brower ,pettit1 ,benjamin ,brown and ,b4 ,y4 ,hampton1 started for the ,sweetwater4 ,reaching our destination1 we prospected for the precious metal4 ,one day ,i went out alone1 and at the base of a slope near the ,teresa mine ,i discovered free gold4 ,i dug a hole and worked at it1 securing dirt that carried fifty to sixty cents per pan4 ,it was a placer claim1 and ,i decided that we would occupy it4 ,while ,i was getting out some of the gold1 ,s4 ,sharp ,walker came along and saw it1 and on going to camp told the men4 ,i did not know this till after1 but early next morning1 before daylight1 ,i overheard a man in the tent next to our wagon tell of a plan to seize the claim4 ,a lot of men were there1 ,mormons and non-,mormons4 ,i awoke my companions1 and it was agreed that they should go and stake the claim1 while ,i should get it recorded4 ,this we did1 and had the work accomplished before day was fairly on4 ,i reached the claim1 to which the others had preceded me1 before those who intended to jump it arrived at the place1 and when the latter came up ,i was prepared to defend it4 ,one man said he had staked the claim before us1 but as his statement was not true1 we stood him off and retained possession4 ,our party went to work1 while ,i started to find my horses1 which had strayed away4 ,as ,i rode up on a knoll1 ,i discovered a war party of seventy-five or eighty ,indians1 supposed to be ,sioux4 ,i had intended to dismount and fasten my saddle1 but finding ,i was discovered and that about twenty-five of the ,indians were closing in on me with horses much faster than ,i had4 ,i started for camp with the loose saddle1 skurrying over rocks and sagebrush4 ,on the way back ,i found my horses and started them1 and they ran directly into camp4 ,in the ride my foot came out of the stirrup1 and my lame limb dangled1 beyond any power of mine to use it4 ,two ,indians ran close up on me and one drew his bow with a fixed arrow4 ,i straightened up1 expecting to receive the missile in my back4 ,just then some of the men who were in our camp1 and who had heard my shouts1 came out and fired1 and my pursuer turned to save himself1 while ,i escaped injury4 ,at the camp all was excitement4 ,one man1 ,corinth ,lawrence1 had been shot and scalped1 his body being found some time after ,i came in4 ,isador ,morris had had a narrow escape4 ,that day there were two others killed on their way to camp4 ,they were ,anthony ,showell1 an eastern man1 and ,orson ,taylor1 from ,springville1 ,utah4 ,showell was found and buried1 but ,taylor's body never was discovered1 that ,i can recall4 ,in the camp there were ,george ,naylor1 ,gilbert ,webb1 ,jesse ,west1 ,john ,pitts1 ,robert ,watson1 ,jr41 ,george ,boyd and many others from ,salt ,lake ,city1 as well as men who had come from various parts of the country4 ,the man who had tried to jump the claim ,i had found assumed charge and got the camp together1 intending to make a stand in the brush4 ,i knew the danger of such a proceeding with seventy-five or eighty hostile ,indian warriors near1 so1 with my companions1 withdrew to a better position2 soon all the camp followed1 and we prepared for defense4 ,the intended claim-jumper1 whose name ,i am unable to recall1 was a partner of ,corinth ,lawrence1 and requested me to take charge of the funeral of the dead man1 which ,i did1 and he was buried as carefully as we could do it4 ,that day ,i suffered greatly with my lame limb1 and an abscess burst and discharged freely4 ,,image3 ,,chased ,,by ,a ,,war ,,party ,next morning we broke camp and returned home1 for it was not safe to remain there1 in a hostile ,indian country4 ,later in the season1 ,brower ,pettit and ,foster ,curtis returned to our claim1 but it had been seized1 and was held by parties from ,california4 ,there was a great rush in of people1 and the town of ,south ,pass1 or ,atlantic ,city1 was built4 ,the next spring ,i went out with more men1 but our claim could not be regained1 so we had to give it up4 ,the parties who seized it took many thousands of dollars out of it4 ,the second year1 however1 the mining boom collapsed4 ,during the summer and autumn of this year1 #ahfh1 grading for the ,union ,pacific ,railway was going on4 ,i hauled coal from ,coalville to ,salt ,lake ,city1 and also hauled tithing produce from ,ogden and ,logan1 taking produce for pay1 so that my family was well supplied with provisions4 ,on my last trip from ,ogden ,i was caught in a snowstorm on the sandridge1 took a congestive chill1 and almost died on the way4 ,when ,i reached home ,i was unable to get off my wagon4 ,i was cared for by my family1 but suffered greatly1 and in addition to the suppuration in my thigh1 the wound bled so as to endanger my life4 ,finally1 on ,may #bg1 #ahfi1 my left limb was amputated about four inches from the hip joint4 ,the surgeons were ,dr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,anderson1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,richards and ,dr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,bernhisel4 ,apostles ,wilford ,woodruff and ,george ,q4 ,cannon were present also4 ,the operation which ,i had objected to for nearly five years became necessary to save my life4 ,in a few weeks from the time of the amputation ,i was able to get out a little1 and pruned a few trees4 ,from that time on ,i worked1 though it was under many difficulties1 till ,i had pruned my nursery of ten thousand trees1 and had given them necessary care4 ,i was able to be present at the ceremonies at the entrance of the railway into ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,january #aj1 #ahgj4 ,during the succeeding two years ,i attended to my nursery1 also traveled and lectured on my experiences and preached as a home missionary1 from ,paris1 ,idaho1 on the north1 to ,st4 ,george1 ,utah1 on the south4 ,in the summer of #ahga1 while working in my orchard1 ,i was overcome by heat1 having a slight sunstroke1 some of the effects of which have never left me4 ,still my health was better than before my limb was amputated1 and with crutches ,i got along fairly well4 ,,chapter ,,xl4 ,i ,,called ,,on ,a ,,mission ,,to ,,the ,,united ,,states--,,journey ,,eastward--,,visit ,,relatives ,,en ,,route--,,reach ,,new ,,york--,,measured ,,for ,,an ,,artificial ,,limb--,,how ,,it ,,was ,,paid ,,for--,,visit ,,and ,,preach--,,meet ,,poor ,,encouragement--,,go ,,to ,,boston--,,world',s ,,peace ,,jubilee--,,bunker ,,hill--,,again ,,at ,,new ,,york--,,released ,,to ,,return ,,home--,,back ,,in ,,utah--,,traveling ,,and ,,preaching--,,sent ,,for ,,by ,,president ,,young--,,called ,,on ,a ,,mission ,,to ,,arizona--,,directed ,,to ,,furnish ,,names ,,of ,,others--,,send ,,the ,,list--,,president ,,young ,,adds ,,other ,,names--,,set ,,apart ,,for ,,our ,,mission--,,difficult ,,to ,,collect ,,money ,,due ,,me--,,leave ,,my ,,family ,,poorly ,,provided ,,for ,,but ,,trusting ,,in ,,the ,,lord--,,placed ,,in ,,charge ,,of ,,the ,,mission--,,letter ,,of ,,instructions--,,start ,,south--,,people ,,contribute ,,liberally--,,traveling ,,in ,,storm--,,arrive ,,at ,,kanab--,,in ,,arizona--,a ,,hard ,,journey--,,marriage ,,of ,,my ,,daughter--,,reach ,,lee',s ,,ferry ,,on ,,the ,,colorado--,,crossing ,,the ,,river--,,reach ,,moancoppy ,,wash--,,decide ,,to ,,winter ,,there--,,explore ,,the ,,vicinity--,,meet ,,friendly ,,indians--,,building ,a ,,house--,,exploring ,,the ,,little ,,colorado--,a ,,difficult ,,trip--,,description ,,of ,,the ,,route--,,find ,a ,,place ,,for ,,another ,,settlement--,,san ,,francisco ,,mountains--,,fine ,,forest ,,growth--,,caught ,,in ,,deep ,,snow--,,through ,,with ,a ,,perilous ,,journey--,,decide ,,to ,,return ,,to ,,salt ,,lake ,,city ,,and ,,report--,,heavy ,,snow--,,trip ,,homeward--,,cordially ,,greeted ,,by ,,president ,,young--,,with ,,my ,,family4 ,,on the #hth of ,april1 #ahgb1 at the general conference of the ,church in ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,i was called on a mission to the eastern part of the ,united ,states1 and hastened to settle my business preparatory to my departure4 ,at #e p4m4 on ,may #ast ,i left ,salt ,lake ,city1 going by train to ,ogden1 and then east4 ,there were about twenty-five other ,elders in the company4 ,my companion in the ,pullman car was ,moroni ,brown1 of ,ogden4 ,on reaching ,missouri ,valley ,junction1 ,iowa1 ,i stopped over with my brother-in-law1 ,b4 ,h4 ,dennis4 ,on ,may #dth1 ,i went to ,calhoun and preached in the schoolhouse2 returned to ,missouri ,valley ,junction on the #fth1 preaching in the courthouse4 ,my father paid the expense of securing the last-named building4 ,i continued my journey on the #gth going by way of ,chicago1 ,philadelphia1 ,newark and ,jersey ,city1 to ,new ,york4 ,there we met with ,elder ,wm4 ,c4 ,staines1 and on the #abth went with him to ,brooklyn4 ,on the #acth ,i was measured at ,mr4 ,hudson's1 #fif ,broadway1 ,new ,york1 for an artificial limb4 ,the way ,i came to do this was through ,leonard ,wines1 of ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,mr4 ,wines and ,i had been good friends in our younger days4 ,in later years he had made some money on the mail line west1 and meeting me one day on the train the idea struck him that ,i ought to have an artificial leg4 ,the result was that he and some friends whom he called on raised the necessary amount to pay for it1 which sum he presented to me1 telling of his purpose4 ,naturally ,i had a high appreciation of his kindness4 ,it was on ,may #bgth that ,i received the artificial limb4 ,we obtained lodgings with ,brother ,isaac ,elkington and family1 and visited and preached where we could4 ,we met very little encouragement from the people4 ,on ,june #acth we left for ,boston on a steamer of the ,neptune ,line1 going first to ,providence1 from which place we went by rail to ,boston1 and thence to ,portsmouth1 ,n4 ,h4 ,at the latter place ,i visited my father-in-law1 ,thomas ,lester4 ,on the #agth of ,june we were at the ,world's ,peace ,jubilee1 in ,boston1 and also visited ,bunker ,hill and mingled with the vast assemblage there4 ,i paid a visit to the home of ,thomas ,lester1 ,jr41 about fifteen miles out from ,boston1 on the #ahth1 and then returned to ,new ,york1 where1 on the #aith1 we met ,president ,george ,a4 ,smith of the ,first ,presidency of the ,church4 ,he told us we were at liberty to return home1 as the antagonism was so great that there was no chance to preach the ,gospel to the people at that time4 ,that evening we filled an appointment at ,paterson4 ,n4 ,j41 staying at the home of ,w4 ,dover till the #bcrd1 when we returned to ,new ,york4 ,having been released from our mission1 owing to the indifference of the people1 we started home the first of ,july4 ,for some three years after my return ,i traveled and preached as ,i had done formerly1 in southern ,idaho1 western ,wyoming and northern ,utah4 ,on ,wednesday evening1 ,september #bi1 #ahge1 on returning from a preaching tour in the northern part of ,utah ,county1 ,i was informed by my family that ,president ,young had sent for me to do some interpreting in the ,navajo language4 ,i had met the ,navajo ,indians going away from his office1 and as ,i knew my presence was not necessary then1 and as ,i was quite ill with a nervous headache1 ,i did not go up till next day4 ,going to see ,president ,young1 ,i met him in front of his office1 in his carriage4 ,he said he had wanted me to talk with the ,navajos1 but ,i was too late1 for they were gone1 but1 said he1 ,i knew you had the spirit of it4 ,he then drove off1 and his private secretary1 ,elder ,george ,reynolds1 invited me into the office1 saying the ,president wanted to see me particularly on missionary business4 ,at this ,i went inside and waited4 ,soon the ,president came in and after speaking to some others who were waiting for him1 came to me and said1 ,oh1 ,brother ,james1 that ,i could see you as ,i have seen you1 strong and active6 ,i should like to send you on a mission to those ,indians1 for you are just the man to go there with a few other good men4 ,the ,spirit of the ,lord is upon them and they need a few men among them who will teach them the truth4 ,to this statement ,i replied that ,i was unable to endure hardships and exposure as ,i had done1 for my health was very poor and ,i was not able to wait on myself in camp life4 ,i stated1 however1 that what the ,spirit of the ,lord directed through him ,i was willing to try to do to the best of my ability2 and added1 ,you know where to find me2 ,i am just where ,i always have been1 on hand4 ,president ,young then said4 ,bless your soul1 the ,spirit does and has dictated to me all the time to send you to take charge of a mission in that country4 ,you are just the man for it1 and if ,i had sent you before1 we would have had a mission and settlements there now4 ,i think that if we fit you up with a good spring wagon or carriage1 and some good brethren to wait on you1 that you can go4 ,just get a list of names of good men1 and hand them to me--a list of men that will stand by you1 but none of your babies4 ,i want good men to go with you on this mission1 so hand me a list of names4 ,when the conversation ended1 ,i returned home1 and after much thought and prayer for the guidance of the ,lord1 wrote the following names1 my own at the head of the list3 ,daniel ,b4 ,roson1 ,john ,c4 ,thompson1 ,seth ,b4 ,tanner1 ,morton ,p4 ,mortenson1 ,bengt ,jenson1 ,hans ,funk1 ,ernest ,tietjens and ,john ,davies4 ,the latter got excused1 and ,president ,young added the following3 ,andrew ,l4 ,gibbons1 ,luther ,c4 ,burnham1 ,thales ,h4 ,haskell1 ,ira ,hatch1 ,warren ,m4 ,johnson and ,william ,h4 ,gibbons4 ,these were called on a mission ,october #i1 #ahge1 at the general conference4 ,on ,monday1 ,october #aath1 we were set apart for our mission4 ,i found some difficulty in collecting debts due me1 over a thousand dollars altogether1 so that ,i could not get enough to fit me out comfortably nor to provide for my family4 ,still ,i was determined to go4 ,when it came to parting from my family1 it was hard to leave them1 with only ten days' supply of fuel and less than fifty pounds of flour in the house1 and not knowing where the next would come from4 ,it seemed as if they could not endure the separation when they saw me fitted out so poorly4 ,but ,i blessed them in the name of the ,lord1 and told them that if they would live their religion they would not suffer so much want when ,i was away as if ,i had stayed home4 ,then we separated sorrowfully1 and on ,october #cjth ,i went by train to ,provo4 ,some of the company had preceded me a day or two4 ,i had in the meantime received much personal instruction from ,president ,young1 and was given the following letter3 ,,salt ,,lake ,,city1 ,u4,t41 ,october #bh1 #ahge4 ,elder ,james ,s4 ,brown4 ,salt ,lake ,city3 ,,dear ,,brother3--,you are hereby appointed to take charge of the mission about to go south and southeast of the ,colorado ,river4 ,it will become your duty to found settlements in suitable locations1 where the brethren can congregate in cultivating the earth to bring forth substance for the families of the brethren who may feel disposed to join you4 ,you will work in harmony with other brethren who are now in the south building up new locations1 and will in all things seek the welfare of those associated with you1 and the building up of the kingdom of ,god4 ,in the formation of settlements1 and in all circumstances that may arise on your mission1 you will seek the wisdom of the ,spirit of the ,lord1 and be guided by its whisperings in all things from day to day4 ,the brethren with whom you are associated are counseled to act under your directions1 that the spirit of union and concert of action may characterize all your movements4 ,and we call upon all men unto whom you shall come to aid and assist you according to their ability in promoting so good and glorious a cause as settling this rugged new1 country4 ,we would counsel you1 if you will do it1 to sustain each other as brethren1 and work together in the holy order that ,god has revealed4 ,we pray ,god our ,heavenly ,father to bless and prosper you and to make you instrumental in accomplishing much good to those with whom you are called upon to associate1 and to labor for on this mission1 in the name of ,jesus ,christ4 ,amen4 ,your brethren in the ,gospel1 ,,brigham ,,young1 ,,daniel ,h4 ,,wells1 ,first ,presidency of the ,church of ,jesus ,christ of ,latter-day ,saints4 ,from ,provo ,i got a ride with a team to ,spanish ,fork1 where1 on ,sunday1 ,october #cast1 ,i preached to the people1 having great liberty of the ,spirit4 ,then ,bishop ,snell asked the people for a contribution and they responded liberally1 raising twenty-two sacks of flour1 twenty-six bushels of potatoes1 and thirteen dollars in money4 ,that night ,i went on to ,salem and preached1 and also received a small donation from the people4 ,i next went to ,payson1 where ,i preached on ,monday evening1 and where the people subscribed liberally1 so that ,i had thirty-three dollars in currency1 fifty sacks of flour1 and twenty-six bushels of potatoes4 ,thus my words to my destitute family were fulfilled1 and they were provided for as well as myself4 ,at ,payson ,i met some of my missionary companions1 and we moved on southward4 ,others joined us on the journey1 and on ,november #ith we reached ,salina1 where we pitched our tent and ,i camped out for the first time on our trip4 ,at ,richfield we received contributions of provisions1 and again at ,panguitch4 ,much of our journey between these two places was in storm--rain and snow--and was far from comfortable4 ,on the #ahth we crossed the rim of the ,great ,basin4 ,we reached ,kanab on the #bjth1 where we were joined by the four brethren who had been called from the southern settlements4 ,i left ,kanab on ,november #bbnd1 going to ,navajo ,wells4 ,before leaving ,kanab ,i had telegraphed to ,president ,young1 written to my family1 and arranged with ,bishop ,l4 ,john ,nuttall to have our mail sent after us as soon as possible4 ,at ,navajo ,wells ,i joined our party1 and next day we went on to the ,buckskin ,mountains1 making dry camp that night4 ,on the #bdth we reached ,house ,rock ,spring1 where we were overtaken with letters from home4 ,i had one from my eldest daughter4 ,lydia ,jane1 stating that she was to be married to ,homer ,manley ,brown on ,november #bbnd4 ,it had been arranged before ,i left home that the wedding was to take place this month4 ,we traveled steadily on1 the country being dry and forbidding4 ,our beef cattle having run off1 ,ira ,hatch and ,luther ,c4 ,burnham went to find them4 ,burnham brought them into camp at ,badger ,creek1 on the #bfth1 but it was #b o'clock on the morning of the #bgth when ,ira ,hatch got in from his fruitless search4 ,that day we went on to ,lee's ,ferry1 on the ,colorado ,river4 ,we had sent two men ahead to arrange for us to be ferried over the river1 but they reported that it was not possible to cross that night4 ,i thought differently1 and as it was ,saturday1 ,i determined to get over4 ,some of the party objected and some were willing1 and this division delayed our crossing with the wagons till about #aj p4m42 but we were safely over the stream4 ,next day our animals were ferried over4 ,at the ferry1 ,mrs4 ,lee was out of provisions1 and we helped her to some1 and also gave her ten dollars1 of which ,i contributed two dollars4 ,next morning she sent me a ,navajo blanket and a cotton handkerchief4 ,we left ,lee's ,crossing on ,november #bith1 and continued over a dry1 rough1 difficult road till ,december #crd1 when we reached ,moancoppy1 the pleasantest spot we had seen since before arriving at ,kanab4 ,i was impressed to make this place winter quarters1 and designated a site for a fort4 ,we were all pleased to have a rest from traveling1 as our feed had given out and our stock was sick with the epizootic4 ,near this place there were some old ,indian farms and a few stone huts laid up without mortar1 but all had been deserted4 ,there were also some springs near by4 ,the morning after we had camped there1 a small hunting party of ,navajos came in1 and after we had given them their breakfast they smoked their corn-husk cigarettes and departed4 ,a4 ,s4 ,gibbons1 ,ira ,hatch and ,i examined the country around ,moancoppy1 and found a few ponds of water and a good place for a reservoir to catch the spring rains2 we also discovered a fertile spot of a few acres1 and two small springs4 ,december #eth was ,sunday4 ,we held a meeting1 and all our company1 thirteen in number1 expressed themselves as feeling well and zealous in our missions4 ,on ,monday we explored the vicinity1 but found nothing inviting outside the neighborhood of our camp1 where we all were satisfied a missionary station should be built1 as it was the best we could do4 ,we went to work getting timber and doing other necessary work1 my part being to guard against hostile ,indians4 ,t4 ,h4 ,haskell and ,ira ,hatch1 our interpreters1 went to the ,oriba ,indian village1 some fifty miles away4 ,on their return they reported all was peaceful2 they were accompanied by ,chief ,tuba and his wife ,telassinimki1 who were highly pleased to see their old ,mormon friends4 ,on the #hth we laid out a house twenty by forty feet and twelve feet high1 to be built of stone4 ,our beef cattle having become very wild1 we had to kill them and cure the meat4 ,j4 ,c4 ,thompson1 ,ira ,hatch1 ,s4 ,b4 ,tanner1 ,l4 ,c4 ,burnham and ,i started on ,december #ith on an exploring trip up the ,little ,colorado ,river and around the ,san ,francisco ,mountains4 ,when we had gone twelve miles1 breaking the road through the canyon1 we were glad to find some pools of water1 and to rest for the night4 ,next day we came to the ,little ,colorado ,river from forty to fifty miles above its mouth4 ,the river bottom was about half a mile wide1 and the water very low4 ,we continued up the river to the ,black ,falls1 where the stream passes over a ledge of volcanic rock twelve or fourteen feet high4 ,four miles farther up it ran through a very narrow gorge1 and we had to pass over the hills through deep sand1 which our team found it very difficult to cross4 ,fifteen miles farther on we came to ,grand ,falls1 where the river runs over shelving rocks for eighty to a hundred feet4 ,higher up the stream the bottoms widened out1 in some places to four miles1 the timber was better and the stream was larger4 ,we killed two antelope and dried the meat4 ,our forward journey continued to the old ,beel trail1 then on to ,sunset ,crossing and the old ,prescott road4 ,seven miles above was a mail station1 and there1 at #i o'clock on the night of ,friday1 ,december #agth1 the mail carriers met1 and we learned some general news from them4 ,next day we traveled fifteen miles farther1 to where some ,mexican herders were camped with about four thousand sheep4 ,the water in the river had improved in quantity and quality1 and the surroundings were such that we felt we could recommend it as a place for settlement4 ,we were also impressed to return to ,moancoppy1 and started on that journey on the #aith4 ,we changed our course and took more to the hill country1 heading for the ,san ,francisco ,mountains4 ,the return trip was very hard4 ,we saw plenty of timber--the finest forest growth ,i ever beheld4 ,on ,december #bdth1 when crossing the divide between the ,san ,francisco ,mountains and ,mount ,hendrick1 we encountered a terrific snowstorm1 and had to camp for the night4 ,next day we continued on our way1 making slow progress in the deep snow4 ,we passed below the snow line on a very rough country1 where sometimes1 with brake set1 it took the four of us all we could do to keep the wagon right side up4 ,we were thankful to reach the river on the #bhth and ,moancoppy on the #bith4 ,at a brief consultation that day1 it was decided that ,i should return to ,salt ,lake ,city and report to ,president ,young the result of our explorations4 ,next day the bandaging of my artificial leg gave way and ,t4 ,h4 ,haskell repaired it4 ,on ,new ,year's ,day1 #ahgf1 ,j4 ,c4 ,thompson1 ,w4 ,h4 ,gibbons and ,i set out for ,kanab1 where we arrived on ,january #fth4 ,i requested ,bishop ,nuttall to forward me to ,orderville1 which he did4 ,from there ,bishop ,h4 ,o4 ,spencer took his team and conveyed me to ,panguitch4 ,we met a heavy snowstorm on the road1 the snow on the rim of the ,basin being up to the wagonbox4 ,from ,panguitch ,i was forwarded to ,monroe1 where ,i telegraphed ,president ,young that ,i would be in the city by ,january #aeth4 ,i was advanced by team from there to the railroad1 where a pass sent by ,president ,young was ready for me1 and ,i arrived in ,salt ,lake ,city and reported to him at #f p4m4 on the #adth4 ,at the railway station ,i was met by my children and the neighbors and two vehicles4 ,if ,i had been ,president ,young's own son he could not have received me more cordially than he did when ,i reached his office4 ,after our conversation ,i returned home1 where my folks thought ,i should have gone first2 but they were overjoyed to see me1 as ,i was to see them1 all in good health and well provided for4 ,we were highly gratified to realize that the ,lord had heard and answered our prayers4 ,,chapter ,,lxi4 ,,attend ,,meetings ,,with ,,the ,,first ,,presidency ,,and ,,apostles--,,more ,,missionaries ,,called ,,to ,,arizona--,,many ,,inquiries ,,regarding ,,the ,,mission--,,outline ,,the ,,route--,,preparations ,,for ,,travel--,,start ,,south--,,aided ,,by ,,contributions--,,reach ,,moencoppy--,,meet ,,lot ,,smith ,,and ,,company--,,baptisms--,,start ,,for ,,the ,,little ,,colorado ,,river--,,guide ,,missionary ,,companies ,,to ,,the ,,place ,,we ,,had ,,selected ,,for ,,settlement--,,lot ,,smith ,,refuses ,,to ,,acknowledge ,,my ,,appointment ,,from ,,president ,,young ,,as ,,president ,,of ,,the ,,mission--,,he ,,assumes ,,leadership ,,at ,,the ,,new ,,settlement--,i ,,return ,,with ,,my ,,party ,,to ,,moencoppy--,,other ,,companies ,,of ,,missionary ,,settlers ,,sustain ,,my ,,presidency--,,my ,,health ,,is ,,poor--,,settlers ,,discouraged--,,cheer ,,them ,,up--,,work ,,of ,,frontier ,,life--,,succor ,a ,,company ,,whose ,,water ,,supply ,,is ,,exhausted--,,taking ,,up ,,land--,,make ,a ,,long ,,exploring ,,trip--,,introduce ,,book ,,of ,,mormon ,,to ,,navajos--,,return ,,to ,,moencoppy--,,indians ,,dissatisfied--,,go ,,to ,,salt ,,lake ,,city ,,with ,a ,,delegation ,,of ,,navajo ,,chiefs--,,their ,,supposed ,,grievances ,,settled--,,tell ,,president ,,young ,i ,,have ,,come ,,home ,,to ,,stay--,,he ,,sends ,,me ,,out ,,again--,,directed ,,to ,,procure ,,volunteers--,,letter ,,of ,,instructions--,,lecture1 ,,and ,,take ,,up ,,contributions--,,return ,,home--,,my ,,family ,,ill--,,provide ,,supplies ,,for ,,them--,,conditions ,,improve4 ,,my stay at home lasted till ,january #cj1 #ahgf4 ,i attended several meetings with the ,first ,presidency1 the ,twelve ,apostles1 and other leading brethren in the ,church4 ,they were consulting as to the best means of colonizing that part of ,arizona we had been exploring1 and two hundred missionaries were called to go there and settle the country4 ,scores of visitors also came to my house to inquire regarding my travels and the place where ,i had been4 ,i went over to ,apostle ,john ,taylor's house on invitation1 and there ,george ,goddard reported our conversation1 as ,i was requested to outline the route to ,arizona1 which outline was afterwards published in the ,deseret ,news4 ,during my stay ,i also made a brief visit to ,ogden4 ,as the time drew near for me to start south again1 ,president ,young loaned me a team and light wagon to travel with4 ,he also advised me to find a boy about sixteen years old to go with and wait on me4 ,i was thinking of how ,i should follow this counsel1 when ,john ,reidhead1 who was one of those called to the ,arizona mission1 came in and proffered his son--an offer ,i was pleased to accept4 ,on ,friday1 ,january #bh1 ,brother ,reidhead and son started south with my team and baggage4 ,early on the morning of ,sunday1 ,january #cj1 ,i took leave of my family1 and went by train to ,spanish ,fork1 making an appointment at ,springville as ,i passed4 ,i was met at the station at ,spanish ,fork1 and conveyed to the meetinghouse1 where ,i addressed the congregation4 ,that evening ,i returned to ,springville and filled the appointment there4 ,next morning ,i was met by ,brother ,reidhead and son1 and proceeded to ,payson4 ,i had had raised for me1 by subscription1 a span of small mules1 so ,i sent back ,president ,young's team and harness1 and went on my journey1 preaching almost every evening in one or other town on the way4 ,we were treated very kindly4 ,our route lay through ,fillmore1 ,beaver1 ,parowan1 ,cedar ,city1 ,toquerville1 and on to ,kanab1 which we reached ,february #bc1 finding ,bishop ,nuttall quite ill4 ,we made our home at ,bishop ,levi ,stewart's4 ,on ,march #bnd we set out from ,kanab1 and reached ,moencoppy on the #hth1 where we found all well4 ,the building constructed by the settlers was so far completed as to protect us comfortably from storm and cold2 and a dam had been constructed1 with a water ditch three miles long1 giving us quite a reservoir4 ,plowing also had been begun1 though the weather was very disagreeable4 ,on the #aath1 ,j4 ,c4 ,thompson and ,a4 ,s4 ,gibbons went to meet ,lot ,smith and a company coming from ,utah4 ,on ,sunday1 the #abth1 we held meeting1 and a young man named ,franklin ,d4 ,gillespie1 who had fallen in with us1 desired to be baptized into the ,church1 as did ,ly and his wife1 two of the ,oriba ,indians4 ,the ordinance was attended to1 and ,i also ordained the chief1 ,tuba1 a ,priest4 ,during the next three days ,i arranged affairs of the company1 some of the men being directed to locate springs1 to act as guides to the companies coming1 attend to our mail1 etc41 and on the #aeth1 with ,s4 ,b4 ,tanner1 ,ira ,hatch1 and ,j4 ,b4 ,reidhead1 set out with six mules and a light wagon to search a road for vehicles between ,moencoppy and the ,oriba village4 ,hans ,funk and ,e4 ,tietjens1 with a four-horse team1 went to the top of the hill to haul water for our animals1 and from there our party proceeded along the ,indian trail three or four miles1 then struck out over the trackless1 sandy plain1 to avoid rugged buttes and deep gulches that rendered the trail impracticable for wagons4 ,we went on about fourteen miles1 and camped in the sand2 ,i was quite ill4 ,next day we traveled about twenty-five miles in a southeasterly direction1 over sandhills and up a long wash1 to a divide1 where we made dry camp4 ,we met four hunting parties1 and two of the hunters camped with us4 ,the following morning we went on seven miles1 to the pools of water where the ,oribas were camped with their flocks of sheep and goats4 ,each flockmaster stood guard over his animals1 for his turn to get at the pools4 ,we passed on three miles to the ,oriba village1 located on the crest of a steep bluff4 ,the houses were built close together1 and there were about five hundred inhabitants4 ,those ,indians obtained all their water from a well about a mile distant1 and the carrying of the precious liquid was going on day and night1 while the ,indians were praying continually for more water4 ,leaving the ,oriba village1 we proceeded onward over a rough and sandy country1 reaching the ,mohave ,springs1 where the ,hopees water their stock1 on the #ahth4 ,that night we experienced a fearful windstorm4 ,on the #bjth we came to the ,little ,colorado ,river1 and on the #bcrd arrived at the place selected on my first trip for a settlement4 ,between this time and my previous visit five houses had been built there1 so our purpose was interfered with a little4 ,next day we chose a place for the pioneer camp1 and ,s4 ,b4 ,tanner and ,i started back to meet the company from ,utah which was to occupy the locality as a settlement1 and which had been following us closely4 ,we met the newcomers that day1 and returned to the site that had been chosen4 ,it was at this place that the first disagreement in the expedition occurred4 ,captains ,smith1 ,lake and ,allen had charge of three sections of the company4 ,i invited them and others to a meeting to consult over what should be done1 and there presented to them my letter of instructions from ,president ,young and my appointment as president of the mission4 ,captain ,lot ,smith opposed my presidency1 and ,captains ,lake and ,allen failed to give me support4 ,things were not pleasant1 and the meeting was dismissed4 ,next day matters in camp were in a rather confused condition4 ,the succeeding day was ,sunday1 ,march #bfth4 ,lot ,smith called a meeting1 and invited me to speak4 ,i recounted what we had done in searching out and selecting this place for settlement1 and welcomed the company to it2 ,i also gave information and instruction concerning the country4 ,when ,i finished1 ,lot ,smith assumed charge of the meeting1 and paid no further attention to me4 ,next day ,i invited him1 and also ,major ,ladd1 to take a walk with me4 ,they came1 and ,i asked ,brother ,smith what he intended doing4 ,he replied that he was going ahead independent of me4 ,i told him he had insulted me and trampled upon my ,god-given right1 through ,president ,young1 who had appointed me to preside over the ,arizona mission1 and if he would persist in doing wrong he must bear the responsibility4 ,he was very defiant1 so we separated4 ,i called ,brother ,g4 ,lake1 who had informed me that ,lot ,smith seemed to think he was in charge of the companies but he 7,lake7 knew it was my place and would sustain me4 ,i told him he had betrayed my confidence1 for when it came to the test he had failed to keep his word4 ,i advised him to think the matter over1 and as ,i had decided to return at once to ,moencoppy1 our party bade good-bye to the newcomers1 and we started4 ,this was on ,march #bgth4 ,on the #cjth we reached the lower crossing of the river1 and camped1 the stream being too much swollen to cross4 ,s4 ,b4 ,tanner shot a deer1 and by about five hours later he and the others brought in two more deer--a valuable addition to our stock of provisions4 ,by ,saturday1 ,april #ast1 the river had fallen1 and other companies having come up1 we crossed and held a meeting4 ,next day another meeting was convened1 and ,i called ,david ,e4 ,fullmer to return with us1 which he did4 ,in a meeting held at the old ,arizona camp on ,april #dth1 at which there was a large number of those who had recently come from ,utah1 my letter of instructions from ,president ,young was read1 and the brethren unanimously sustained me as president of the mission4 ,our party continued the journey1 and after much toil reached ,moencoppy settlement on ,april #gth4 ,i was quite ill at this time4 ,we continued the work necessary to establishing a settlement1 but there were so many difficulties that some of our company1 which had been increased by additions from ,utah1 began to feel discouraged4 ,i admonished and cheered them1 causing them to feel better4 ,we also arranged for some of the company1 in charge of ,s4 ,b4 ,tanner1 to go up the ,little ,colorado ,river and secure twenty-three land claims for us4 ,this party started on ,monday1 ,april #agth4 ,on the #bbnd a ,brother ,phillips came from ,moencoppy and said a small company had reached there without water1 and that their teams were so exhausted that they could not travel longer than about noon4 ,we comprehended their suffering condition1 gathered all the barrels and kegs we had1 and filled them with water--about one hundred gallons--and ,brothers ,roson and ,thompson went to their relief4 ,i then made out some notices to put up1 giving instructions so that other companies should not be caught in the same predicament as this one had been4 ,from time to time our numbers were augmented by additions from ,utah1 many having come in and located at the places we had selected4 ,among those who joined us at ,moencoppy was my son-in-law1 ,h4 ,o4 ,fullmer1 and my daughter1 ,rachel ,e4 ,on the #agth of ,may the members of our settlement proceeded up the river to where ,s4 ,b4 ,tanner and party had taken up land for us4 ,there was some dissatisfaction in the company1 but after prayerfully considering the situation all was made right4 ,then1 on ,may #aith1 ,brothers ,tanner1 ,haskell and ,i started on an exploring trip4 ,we were gone till ,july #crd1 and traveled several hundred miles1 going north and east through the country of the ,navajos1 the ,moquis and the ,zunis4 ,we saw the villages of each1 and also many ancient ruins4 ,we passed over some good country1 but much of it was very rough1 and our trip was an arduous one4 ,while on this journey we were traveling along the ,rio ,perco1 a tributary of the ,rio ,grande del ,norte1 when1 on ,june #agth1 as we were following a trail through a forest1 an ,indian stepped out from the edge of the undergrowth1 held up his hand1 and said3 ,stop6 ,who are you1 where do you come from1 where are you going1 and what is your business in the ,navajo country8 ,we are ,mormons from ,utah1 was our response1 in ,spanish1 the language in which our interrogator had spoken4 ,stop your wagon under this tree1 continued he1 indicating a place1 and talk to us2 for we hear the ,mormons have the history of our forefathers4 ,the ,americans and ,spaniards say you claim this1 but we know they often speak falsely1 and we wish to learn from your own lips whether you have such a record1 and how you came by it4 ,we want you to stop here till our people come together1 and you can tell us the truth4 ,by this time another ,indian had presented himself4 ,we turned aside as ordered1 and the first ,navajo said to the newcomer3 ,show these men where water is4 ,seth ,b4 ,tanner and ,thales ,h4 ,haskell unhitched our team1 and led them to drink1 the ,indian going as guide4 ,i was asked to get out of the wagon1 and as ,i was doing so a large number of ,indians appeared1 coming from all directions4 ,almost before ,i realized it1 there were two hundred and fifty to three hundred ,navajos there1 men1 women and children4 ,my chair was taken out of the wagon1 a blanket was spread for me1 and ,i sat down1 the ,indians sitting close around4 ,two chiefs1 whom ,i learned were ,juan ,san ,juall and ,jualito1 sat as near to me as they could1 and one of them said1 ,if you have the book of our forefathers1 tell us about ,god and them1 and how you came by the book4 ,i produced a copy of the ,book of ,mormon1 told them it was a record of ,god's dealings with their fore-fathers1 and explained to them how it was revealed to the ,prophet ,joseph ,smith by an angel4 ,as ,i proceeded to tell what was in the ,book of ,mormon1 tears came to the eyes of many in the audience1 and some of them spoke out1 ,we know that what you say is true1 for the traditions of our good old men who never told a lie agree with your story4 ,our forefathers did talk with ,god1 and they wrote2 and when they became wicked and went to war they hid up their records1 and we know not where they are4 ,at this point the chiefs and about ten other leading men rose up and embraced me1 saying1 ,continue to tell us of ,god and our forefathers1 for it does our hearts good to hear of them4 ,i talked on for a time1 and when ,i was through1 ,messrs4 ,tanner and ,haskell1 who had listened to what had been going on1 bore witness that what ,i had said was true4 ,we remained with the ,indians for dinner1 and they wanted us to stay longer1 but we felt that it was better to proceed on our journey4 ,this meeting1 one of the most sudden and singular in my experience1 occurred in ,new ,mexico1 about thirty miles north of the old mail route from ,albuquerque westward4 ,when it was over we continued our journey south and west1 turned west to ,fort ,wingate1 then on to ,fort ,defiance1 and through the ,moquis villages to our settlement4 ,on the day of our return to ,moencoppy1 ,july #crd1 ,brothers ,roson and ,thompson came to meet us with barrels of water--a relief that we appreciated greatly4 ,we were highly pleased to learn that all was well in the settlement4 ,soon after this ,i released two of the missionaries till ,october #ast1 to visit their families in ,utah1 and five others till ,november #ast1 for the same purpose4 ,during ,july and the early part of ,august we were engaged in tending and gathering crops1 and the work incident to establishing a settlement1 which was by no means easy4 ,we also visited and endeavored to keep on good terms with the ,indians1 and for ourselves did so2 but there were some of the ,navajos who seemed bent on making trouble1 and who complained that the settlers on the ,little ,colorado had taken some of their animals4 ,finally1 on ,august #fth1 we received word from the ,indian council that a delegation of chiefs would meet with us in three days1 to accompany some of us on a visit to the ,mormon ,chief1 to settle the alleged grievances4 ,ira ,hatch and ,i set out that same evening to meet the delegation4 ,i took very ill1 and it was only through the best care and with great effort that ,i could travel1 but we were determined not to disappoint the ,indians4 ,i received marked attention from ,ira ,hatch1 also from ,j4 ,d4 ,lee and wife at the ,moenabbey1 and in a few hours was able to move around again as usual4 ,we met the ,indians1 and made the journey north1 reaching ,salt ,lake ,city on the evening of ,august #bbnd1 the ,indians being lodged at ,d4 ,b4 ,huntington's for the night4 ,next day ,president ,young met the delegation in his schoolhouse1 and talked over the supposed wrongs of the ,mormon settlers to the ,navajos--for they were only supposed1 as it turned out4 ,i acted as interpreter1 using the ,spanish language4 ,efforts had been made to find some other interpreter who could talk the ,navajo dialect1 but in vain4 ,everything was made satisfactory to the red men1 who remained in ,salt ,lake ,city four days4 ,at this time a delegation of ,shoshones from ,bear ,river came with ,george ,hill as interpreter1 and these met the ,navajos and the two tribes buried the hatchet4 ,then the ,navajos received a few presents and returned to their homes4 ,i had a conversation with ,president ,young1 in which ,i told him ,i had come from ,arizona not to return unless he ordered me to do so4 ,a few days later he met me and said he had been thinking over my mission4 ,he intended to press onward in settling ,arizona and ,new ,mexico1 and as ,i knew what that country was1 he thought ,i had better travel through ,utah and lecture on the prospects of the work in the southern mission1 and also call for volunteers to accompany me in returning to ,arizona4 ,he told me further that ,i was to take up collections among the ,saints for the support of myself and family1 and for an outfit for myself4 ,in pursuance of these instructions he gave me a letter to the ,bishops and other authorities4 ,this document mentioned my missionary labors in ,arizona1 said ,i was directed to lecture among the ,saints on the mission work and take up contributions1 and counseled the authorities to render me assistance in harmony with the call made of me4 ,it closed as follows3 ,brother ,brown is also authorized to receive the names of those who are willing or desirous of helping to build up the ,kingdom of ,god in that region4 ,we learn that the brethren are discovering new and desirable valleys in the neighborhood of their present settlements1 and elsewhere1 and it is our intention to keep pushing out and onward as fast as prudence and the whisperings of the ,spirit of the ,lord shall dictate4 ,we desire the active co-operation of our brethren in this important work1 and shall be pleased to receive a goodly list of volunteers through ,brother ,brown1 consisting of men who love the ,gospel1 have faith in the promises of the ,father1 and have the integrity1 determination and zeal of true ,latter-day ,saints4 ,we have no fear that too many will respond to this invitation1 as the rich valleys south and east of the ,colorado offer homes for hundreds of those who desire to extend the curtains of ,zion in that direction4 ,we are informed that some of the brethren entertain the idea that it is better to be called by the authorities to such missions than to volunteer4 ,to such we will quote the saying of the ,lord to the ,prophet ,joseph ,smith1 as contained in the ,doctrine and ,covenants3 ',he that waiteth to be commanded in all things is a slothful servant4' ,ever praying for the welfare of ,israel1 ,i remain your brother in the ,gospel1 ,,brigham ,,young4 ,this letter was dated ,september #af1 #ahgf4 ,soon afterward ,i went as directed1 traveling and lecturing in northern ,utah1 with a visit to ,almy1 ,wyoming2 then worked my way southward in the various counties1 to ,richfield4 ,i lectured sixty-five times1 and secured about eighty volunteers1 mostly from ,sevier ,county4 ,ira ,hatch came up with me and at ,richfield we separated1 he taking my team and going to ,kanab1 and ,i returning home to provide for my family and then rejoin him at the town last named4 ,i found several of my family quite ill1 and there had been one death--my ,aunt ,polly1 who died on ,christmas day1 a few days before my arrival home4 ,the opening of the year #ahgg found me with my family1 who soon began to amend in health4 ,i was also able to supply them fairly well with what they needed for sustenance during my absence1 as the ,bishops and ,saints whom ,i had visited had been very kind and liberal1 in response to the invitation of ,president ,young to promote the interests of the southern mission by rendering assistance to me so ,i could proceed to that field of labor4 ,,chapter ,,lxii4 ,,again ,,in ,,arizona--,,settling ,,difficulties ,,among ,,the ,,people--,,our ,,reservoir ,,bursts--,,news ,,of ,,notable ,,events--,,prepare ,,to ,,repel ,,an ,,indian ,,raid--,,indians ,,quarrel1 ,,and ,,the ,,trouble ,,passes ,,over--,,funeral ,,at ,,moencoppy--,,exploring ,,trip ,,to ,,the ,,southeast--,a ,,white ,,indian ,,child--,,meet ,,the ,,head ,,chief ,,of ,,the ,,navajos--,,his ,,address1 ,,and ,,proposition ,,to ,,accompany ,,me ,,to ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,agree ,,on ,a ,,date ,,for ,,the ,,journey--,,continue ,,my ,,trip ,,oyer ,,into ,,new ,,mexico1 ,,then ,,return ,,to ,,moencoppy--,,accusation ,,against ,,me ,,disproved--,,indians ,,gather ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,make ,,the ,,trip--,,at ,,president ,,young',s ,,deathbed--,,visit ,,of ,,the ,,indians--,,honorable ,,release ,,from ,,my ,,mission--,,resume ,,home ,,missionary ,,labors--,,in ,,prison ,,for ,,conscience ,,sake4 ,,my stay at home was brief1 and the #bfth of ,january1 #ahgg1 found me again at ,kanab1 ready to proceed southward4 ,three days later the start was made1 and on the morning of ,february #eth we reached ,moencoppy4 ,the people there were in poor spirits1 and considerably dissatisfied4 ,during my absence they had sowed about fourteen acres of fall grain and had built eight log rooms4 ,on my arrival1 ,a4 ,s4 ,gibbons made complaint against ,s4 ,b4 ,tanner1 for they had had a disagreement4 ,tanner was found to be in error1 and made the matter right4 ,this trouble settled1 the work of plowing and planting and setting out trees1 was proceeded with4 ,friendly ,navajo and ,oriba ,indians visited us1 and as the ,united ,order was being preached to the ,church at that time1 ,i gave my views on the subject in an address at the ,thursday evening meeting1 ,march #hth4 ,again on ,sunday1 the #aath1 ,i preached to the ,saints1 telling them plainly the wrong that was in their neglect of duty and disaffection4 ,my remarks had quite a salutary effect1 and matters moved more smoothly4 ,shortly after midnight on the morning of ,march #bcrd1 the message was brought that our reservoir had given way4 ,we hurried out1 but had to wait till daylight before we could do effective work in repairing the dam4 ,in the meantime the ,indians were greatly excited because the water was injuring their crops1 and we had to pacify the red men as best we could1 and make good the damage4 ,two days after this my daughter1 ,mrs4 ,fullmer1 became a mother1 and ,i rendered her necessary care and attention4 ,on ,march #cast we received mail with the news of the result of the presidential election1 when ,hayes and ,tilden were the candidates1 also of ,amasa ,m4 ,lyman's death1 and of ,john ,d4 ,lee being sentenced to be shot4 ,on ,april #dth we received tidings of ,lee's execution4 ,our time was well occupied now with the work around the settlement2 ,i also engaged in studying the ,navajo language1 preparatory to an extended visit among those ,indians4 ,all went well till ,may #hth1 when ,i learned that the ,piute ,indians intended to steal our animals4 ,chief ,patnish was dead1 and his people were angry4 ,for the first time in the history of the mission1 we called out a guard1 gathered our animals and property1 and provided against a raid on the part of the savages4 ,we were assisted by some friendly ,navajos4 ,at our inspection we ascertained that we could fire eighty-five shots without stopping to reload4 ,on the #agth1 two ,piute ,indians came in and informed us that a council had been held to discuss the raid on us1 but the vote was six to five against molesting us1 and the council broke up in a fight4 ,the five ,indians who were in favor of attacking us started to seek the assistance of the ,ute ,indians1 while the others came to our side4 ,a week later we had a talk with some of the ,piutes1 and the threatened trouble was averted4 ,a funeral occurred in the settlement on ,may #bgth--that of ,minty1 the little daughter of ,w4 ,j4 ,johnston4 ,i preached the funeral sermon4 ,for some time previous to and after this occasion my health was quite poor4 ,on ,june #ast we had another ,indian scare1 and made ready for attack1 but the alarm was without sufficient cause4 ,before this time several of our company had endeavored to learn the ,navajo language1 but met with little success2 so ,i determined to study the ,indian language and customs myself1 that ,i might be able to talk freely with the red men4 ,accordingly1 on ,june #dth1 ,i went up the ,moencoppy ,wash to ,chief ,hustelso's camp1 about twenty-five miles4 ,it was arranged that ,i should be left there alone1 except that ,ira ,hatch's eight-year old girl was to stay with and wait on me4 ,the ,indian camp was located two or three miles from where ,george ,a4 ,smith1 ,jr4 was killed some years before1 probably by the same ,indians4 ,h4 ,o4 ,fullmer and ,ira ,hatch went with me1 and eight ,navajos assisted in letting my wagon down into the ,wash1 where ,i was left4 ,the bed of the stream was perhaps three thousand feet below the plain above on the north side1 while the cliffs on the south towered up almost perpendicularly about five thousand feet4 ,the ,indian camp was in the deep recess1 the descent into which was both difficult and dangerous4 ,a wagon could not be drawn down or up by team1 but for a thousand feet or so had to be lowered from one cliff to another with ropes4 ,in one place the ,indians had cut eighteen steps1 to enable them to get their animals up and down2 and then occasionally a horse would go over and be killed4 ,in this place the first night gave me a decidedly lonesome feeling4 ,chief ,hustelso was friendly1 but not so his people1 except a few old men4 ,the young men were very surly1 and would not talk4 ,some of them were shooting arrows1 and ,i tried to be friendly and proposed to shoot with them1 but three of the young braves drew their bows on me1 as if intending to kill me4 ,i made no headway that night1 and ,i realized the gloominess that had prevented my companions remaining there and learning to speak the ,navajo tongue4 ,the next day or two ,i was threatened and illtreated1 the burrs taken off my wagon1 and ,i was subjected to other annoyances4 ,the little girl with me did fairly well1 for1 being a half-breed ,indian herself1 she affiliated with the ,indian children without difficulty4 ,then the ,indians became less offensive in their conduct day by day1 and ,i learned rapidly to converse with them1 and began to experience kindness at their hands4 ,several strange ,indians came from a considerable distance to see me1 and on ,june #abth1 about three hundred and fifty ,navajos gathered around to hear me tell them of the ,book of ,mormon1 its discovery and contents4 ,book in hand ,i related to them the story of the volume being the history of their forefathers4 ,some laughed at me and others asked most searching questions1 which ,i was able to answer satisfactorily in their own dialect4 ,then came the inquiry1 ,if it is our book1 how did you get it8 ,did you steal it8 ,i was getting pretty well puzzled1 owing to my imperfect acquaintance with the ,navajo language4 ,i told them that the book was obtained in the east1 about so many days' journey off4 ,but ,i could not explain to them that it was in a stone box in the ,hill ,cumorah1 and that the writings were on gold plates1 for ,i did not know what terms to use to convey my meaning4 ,one ,indian told me the book could not have lasted so long as ,i said1 because paper would decay1 he knew that4 ,in order to learn what hill was1 ,i made a small hill of sand1 and by comparison with the mountains and much explanation ,i learned the word for hill4 ,i had noticed1 almost up to the plateau above1 some slate rock2 and after great difficulty ,i managed to climb and get several pieces of slate down1 being aided by the little girl4 ,then ,i improvised a stone box1 set it in the sand hill1 placed the book therein1 and thus ascertained how to say stone box1 in ,navajo1 and explained that the record was deposited therein4 ,i was almost beaten to tell of gold plates1 for ,i did not know the words to use4 ,at last ,i bethought me of a brass suspender buckle1 and pointed out that what ,i was referring to was like that1 but was not that2 and a little piece was worth several silver dollars4 ,then one ,indian recognized what ,i wanted to say1 and gave me the word for gold1 on the coins of which he had seen small letters4 ,i was thus able to explain that the record was on plates of gold2 but the way ,i learned to do it was one of the marvelous experiences of my life1 and illustrates the difficulties ,i had to meet in learning the ,navajo language4 ,when ,i reached the point of telling how the ,book of ,mormon plates were preserved and obtained1 my audience was quite in touch with me1 and they rejoiced and wept while ,i told them further of its contents4 ,from that time no friendship was too great for me1 and before my departure ,i spent a day1 by invitation1 viewing ,indian sports4 ,by ,june #bj1 ,i was through at ,hustelso's camp and ready for a journey of exploration which had been planned4 ,on ,june #bast our exploring party1 consisting of six persons1 including my son-in-law and his wife and child1 started on a trip1 the general direction of travel being a little south of east4 ,our journey led us through some good country1 and some that was very rough4 ,we went a short distance into ,new ,mexico1 and obtained considerable knowledge of the country and its inhabitants1 there being many ,indian villages1 houses and farms on the route we traveled4 ,as we were crossing over a broad mesa1 on ,june #bg1 after passing the ,fort ,defiance road1 we met with a strange person among the people4 ,this was a fullblood ,indian girl seven or eight years of age1 with white hair1 blue eyes1 and skin as fair as the fairest white person4 ,next day we reached the camp of ,pal ,chil ,clane1 a ,navajo chief at whose place a council had been appointed4 ,from there a messenger was dispatched to ,totoso-ne--,huste1 the head chief of the ,navajo nation4 ,on the evening of the following day that chief arrived in the camp4 ,a consultation was held on ,june #bith with the chieftain1 at which we informed him of our desire to settle the country1 to teach the ,indians the ,gospel1 and to aid in improving their general condition2 we also told of the ,book of ,mormon1 a record of the ,indians' forefathers1 which had been made known4 ,the chief responded that it was a departure from his usual rule to come and see the white men4 ,before this1 they always had come to him1 or he had sent good men to meet the government agents and others4 ,this also had been his custom with the ,mormons up to that occasion4 ,among other things he said3 ,when ,i heard that you had come1 ,i quit work and came to see you4 ,my heart is glad at the meeting with you1 and that ,i see your wagon there1 and the brush shade that your men have built4 ,stop here four days1 and many of our best men will come and talk to you1 for a great many of our people want to go and see the ,mormons4 ,we shall have a big talk and know what to do4 ,we are glad that you come among us as friends1 that you are making a road through our country1 and that you have built houses at ,moencoppy4 ,we want to live with you in peace and let your animals eat grass in peace4 ,but water is scarce in this country1 there is barely enough for our numerous flocks and increasing people1 and our good old men do not want your people to build any more houses by the springs2 nor do we want you to bring flocks to eat the grass about the springs4 ,we want to live by you as friends4 ,i sent some good men with you last year1 and they say you talked one talk all the time4 ,the great ,mormon father he talked straight all the time4 ,i think that a good road to travel in4 ,i have had two daughters prisoners among the ,apaches for many years but have never left my home to search for them1 for ,i love my home and my people1 and ,i do not love to travel4 ,i have sent good and true men to search for my children1 and have appealed to the ,american captains in different places1 yet my daughters have not been brought back4 ,i am an old man now1 and it is hard for me to travel long roads1 but ,i wish to see the ,mormons and my father their captain4 ,i am inclined to go with you4 ,i want twenty-five or thirty men to go with me1 and one or two women1 to see your women and learn how they do4 ,i am much pleased to see you and your daughter and her baby4 ,i want to see more of your people4 ,the ,americans and your people differ in religion4 ,the ,mormons say their captain talks with ,god 7,pagocheda71 and ,americans say ,god does not talk to men4 ,we do not know what to believe4 ,when ,god talks to us1 then we shall know4 ,until then we want to live as friends4 ,after our talk we separated1 he promising to return in three days4 ,he came1 and ,i accompanied him to a ,navajo religious feast1 where ,i was introduced to thirteen chiefs and over two hundred other ,navajo ,indians4 ,this was on ,july #bnd4 ,it was decided that some of them would go to see the ,mormons1 and be at ,moencoppy in thirty-eight days4 ,then we bade the ,indians good-by1 and proceeded on our journey1 going over into ,new ,mexico1 and back to ,moencoppy1 where we arrived on ,july #aeth4 ,there were quite a number of ,navajos1 ,piutes and ,hopees there1 and ,i had to talk with them and three ,mexicans till quite late4 ,a week later1 on ,july #bbnd1 ,i declined to administer the sacrament1 owing to the feeling of dissatisfaction among the people4 ,a4 ,s4 ,gibbons and ,m4 ,p4 ,mortensen circulated reports against me1 that ,i had used provisions contributed to the mission1 and ,i had a full investigation made2 this showed that the accusation was entirely wrong4 ,other meetings were held subsequently1 and the ill feeling that had arisen was dispensed with4 ,the mission affairs then proceeded smoothly again4 ,it was on the morning of ,august #hth that the ,navajo ,indian delegation began to assemble for the journey north1 ,totoso-ne-,huste among the number1 and by the #ajth all were ready for the start4 ,the journey was a hard one much of the way1 but when we got among the settlements in ,utah we were well treated1 and the ,indians highly pleased4 ,we reached ,salt ,lake ,city ,august #bh1 #ahgg4 ,the next day ,i visited ,president ,young4 ,he was very ill1 and ,i merely called to see him4 ,the great pioneer and prophet who had done so much for the opening up and settlement of the ,great ,west was on his deathbed4 ,the magnificent work of his life was over4 ,in half an hour after ,i left his room1 the noble spirit passed from his body1 and he slept in death1 awaiting the resurrection morn4 ,on the evening of ,august #bi1 the ,deseret ,news published the following regarding the ,navajo delegation and myself3 ,indian ,delegation4--,last evening ,elder ,james ,s4 ,brown arrived from the south with a delegation of ,navajo ,indians1 one of whom is a woman1 the first female ,navajo1 we believe1 that has ever visited this part of the country4 ,garanu ,namunche1 or ,totoso-ne-,huste1 the former being his ,spanish and the latter his ,indian name1 is at the head of the party4 ,he is1 in fact1 the head chief of the ,navajo nation4 ,he is accompanied by two other leading men1 ,honeco1 brother of the former1 and ,esclepelehen1 son of the same4 ,in ,june last ,elder ,brown and a party of brethren visited the northeastern part of ,arizona and the north-western portion of ,new ,mexico1 and found a strong spirit of inquiry among the ,navajos relative to the ,mormon people1 their methods of farming1 manufacturing1 and in relation to their institutions generally4 ,these inquiries were incited by the report of the ,navajo delegation which visited this city a year ago1 and these composing the one now here have come to see1 hear and examine for themselves1 that they may be witnesses of the same things4 ,brother ,brown and party held a council with the ,indians at the camp of ,pal ,chil ,clane1 about two hundred men of the tribe being present on the occasion1 including ,totoso-ne-,huste1 the leading chief already mentioned4 ,it was then that the latter proposed to pay the present visit4 ,manlete1 or ,pahada ,pahadane1 is the war chief of the nation1 but in the estimation of the tribe is second in rank to ,totoso-ne-,huste1 although the whites1 or ,americans1 recognize the war chief as the head4 ,the delegation are stopping at the house of ,brother ,brown1 and have been visiting the leading places of interest in the city today4 ,elder ,brown purposes taking them north to ,bear ,river on ,monday4 ,on ,august #cjth1 the ,indians and ,i met ,daniel ,h4 ,wells1 who had been counselor to ,president ,young in the ,first ,presidency4 ,at that interview ,president ,wells told me ,i had performed a great and good work1 and to ask me to return to ,arizona was too much to require of me4 ,i was therefore honorably released from that mission4 ,subsequently ,i received a formal release from ,president ,john ,taylor1 who succeeded to the presidency of the ,church4 ,after the funeral of ,president ,young1 which was held on ,september #bnd1 ,i accompanied the ,indians as far south as ,gunnison1 ,sanpete ,county1 on their way home4 ,there ,i bade them goodbye1 and returned northward1 to resume my missionary labors1 traveling and lecturing among the settlements in ,utah1 southern ,idaho1 and western ,wyoming4 ,i also purchased a tract of eighty acres of land on the ,redwood ,road1 in the western part of ,salt ,lake ,city1 and worked on that in the spring and summer1 traveling and preaching in the autumn and winter as ,president ,young had directed me to do4 ,thus my time was occupied till the spring of #ahib with the exception of the months of ,march1 ,april and ,may1 #ahhh4 ,with a firm conviction that plurality of wives was a law of ,god4 ,i had entered into that relationship honorably with a sincere purpose to follow the right4 ,my family were united with me in accepting this union as of the highest1 holiest1 most sacred character in the sight of the ,most ,high4 ,i could not feel to cast aside my wives whom ,i had married under these conditions1 and therefore1 on ,march #ab1 #ahhh1 ,i was sentenced to prison on a charge of unlawful cohabitation1 the legal term applied to living with more than one wife1 the law being specially directed at one of the religious practices of the ,latter-day ,saints4 ,the judgment pronounced against me was three months' imprisonment in the penitentiary and to pay a fine of one hundred dollars and costs1 which amounted in my case to twenty-seven dollars and fifty cents4 ,i paid the fine and served the term1 less the time allowed for good behavior1 and was released ,may #bh1 #ahhh1 having been in prison two months and sixteen days4 ,as was the case with other ,mormons in my position1 our offense was not looked upon even by non-,mormons acquainted with the circumstances as containing the element of crime2 but our incarceration was in fact an imprisonment for conscience sake1 that being the position in which the law found us4 ,a term in the penitentiary under those conditions and at that time1 while a severe hardship1 especially upon one in my state of health1 was by no means a moral disgrace1 since those who had to endure it were of the better class of men1 whose uprightness1 honor1 integrity and sincerity were beyond question in the community where their lives were an open book4 ,,chapter ,,lxiii4 ,,visited ,,by ,,president ,,joseph ,f4 ,,smith--,,called ,,on ,,another ,,mission ,,to ,,the ,,society ,,islands--,,prepare ,,to ,,respond--,a ,,blessing ,,by ,,apostle ,,lorenzo ,,snow--,,appointed ,,to ,,preside ,,oyer ,,the ,,society ,,islands ,,mission--,,attempts ,,to ,,discourage ,,me ,,from ,,undertaking ,,the ,,journey--,,surprise ,,party ,,by ,,my ,,children--,,farewell ,,reception ,,in ,,the ,,ward ,,hall--,,start ,,on ,,my ,,mission1 ,,accompanied ,,by ,,my ,,son ,,and ,,others ,,who ,,had ,,been ,,called--,,voyage ,,to ,,tahiti--,,madman ,,on ,,board ,,the ,,vessel--,,at ,,marquesas ,,islands--,,strange ,,characters--,,tattooed ,,white ,,man--,,his ,,peculiar ,,career--,,catching ,,sharks--,,arrive ,,at ,,papeete--,,my ,,reception ,,there--,,meet ,,native ,,josephite ,,preachers1 ,,who ,,seem ,,confused--,,elders ,,from ,,utah ,,greet ,,us--,,in ,,poor ,,health4 ,,on ,march #cj1 #ahib1 ,president ,joseph ,f4 ,smith called at my residence in ,salt ,lake ,city1 and handed me a letter written by an ,elder who was on the island of ,tahiti4 ,at the same time ,president ,smith asked me how ,i would like to take another mission to the ,society ,islands1 in the ,south ,pacific ,ocean4 ,i told him ,i did not wish any man to call me on a mission--that my health was not good1 and such a journey as he suggested was a big undertaking for one in my condition4 ,he replied that he would leave the letter for me to read1 and would call the next day to learn what ,i thought of it4 ,he came according to appointment1 and informed me that the ,first ,presidency wanted me to undertake the mission4 ,i replied that when properly called ,i was not afraid to go1 as ,i had faith that ,god would not require of any man more than he would have the ability to do if he were faithful4 ,the day following this conversation ,i visited the ,first ,presidency and learned that they were a unit in requesting me to go to the ,society ,islands4 ,from this time ,i began to settle my affairs to meet the call4 ,on ,april #hth1 ,i was set apart for the mission1 ,elder ,francis ,m4 ,lyman being mouth in the blessing4 ,on the #aeth1 ,i went to ,ogden on business1 and while on the train met ,apostle ,lorenzo ,snow1 who told me he felt the spirit of prophecy4 ,he said that the mission ,i was going on should be one of the greatest ,i had ever performed2 that ,i would prosper therein and be blessed with more power and influence than ever before2 that the ,lord would be with me to sustain and comfort me1 and that my family should be provided for4 ,as he spoke ,i felt a thrill of testimony through my whole being4 ,when he concluded he took from his pocket two five-dollar gold pieces1 remarking that he had been a missionary himself1 and insisted that ,i should take the money1 keep it till ,i got in a close place1 and then use it1 which ,i did4 ,on ,april #bbnd ,i received at ,president ,woodruff's office a letter of appointment to preside over the ,society ,islands ,mission1 which included the ,society and ,tuamotu groups1 comprising from eighty to one hundred islands and an area of about fifteen hundred square miles4 ,about this time ,i had many visitors1 a considerable number of whom expressed surprise at my being appointed to such a mission at my time of life and in my condition2 for ,i was sixty-four years of age and walked on crutches and one foot1 as ,i had to abandon my artificial limb in ,arizona1 owing to the intense pain it caused me4 ,one man said that he would not go in my situation for ten thousand dollars4 ,but these discouraging remarks did not raise a doubt in my mind of the propriety of the call4 ,on the #bdth of ,april ,i was engaged in writing1 when my children and grandchildren to the number of sixty-five burst in upon me in a surprise party4 ,we had a happy time and ,i gave them a father's blessing4 ,then we repaired to the ,seventeenth ,ward meeting house1 where members of the ward had assembled1 and ,i preached a farewell sermon and took an affectionate leave of the people4 ,i sold some of my real estate to pay the expenses of my journey1 and for my family2 also received contributions in money from a number of friends2 and on ,april #bfth ,i started on my mission1 accompanied by my son ,elando4 ,we stayed over night at ,ogden1 then continued on to ,san ,francisco1 arriving there ,april #bhth4 ,on ,april #cjth we boarded the barkentine ,city of ,papeete1 which sailed the next day4 ,the sea voyage occupied the entire month of ,may1 ,tahiti coming into view on the evening of the #cast4 ,our fare1 cabin1 was seventy-five dollars each4 ,the first few days out we had headwinds1 and there was a goodly share of seasickness4 ,on the #ajth a native of ,tahiti1 named ,manhele1 commonly known as ,john ,bull1 became violently insane1 and had to be restrained4 ,on the #abth he freed himself and crawled out on the jib boom1 from which he was about to plunge into the sea1 when he was secured4 ,it took five men to handle him4 ,at five o'clock on the morning of the #aeth it was discovered that the madman had made a fire by rubbing two sticks together4 ,fortunately he was detected in time to prevent the ship being set aflame4 ,a few days after this occurrence his condition improved and continued so to the end of the voyage4 ,it was at the ,marquesas ,islands on ,may #bfth1 when we sailed into port1 that ,i went ashore with the rest of the passengers1 and met a native of ,rapia1 a very uninviting person in appearance4 ,the people warned us to beware of him as he was a savage and had killed five men4 ,he told me he had seen me forty years before on his native island1 and related circumstances of the event that convinced me his statement was true4 ,image3 ,marquesas ,fire ,dancers ,the next man ,i spoke to ashore was ,john ,h4 ,rumrell of ,boston1 ,massachusetts1 who was taken prisoner by natives on the ,marquesas ,islands in #ahdg1 and in the following year was tattooed from the tip of his nose to just above his eyebrows1 and back to his ear on the left side of his face2 on the right side the tattooing went from the lower part of the nose back to the ear2 while above the eyebrow1 and reaching to the ear1 was another strip4 ,the ink was pricked in with human bone4 ,he said that it was because of this tattooing that he would not return to his people4 ,in his experience he had been without clothing for years4 ,he had two sons and one daughter1 and lived like the natives in every respect4 ,he related how that on one occasion the natives had killed a white man and cooked and ate him1 and at the same time they had killed a colored man1 who was eaten raw1 before the flesh was cold4 ,mr4 ,rumrell said he seldom heard from his relatives in ,boston4 ,he seemed almost oblivious to everything except what was immediately before him2 he took as little interest in civilization as did the natives1 and ,i have not found a lower class of people in the ,south ,pacific than on the five of eleven ,marquesas islands which were inhabited at the time of this visit4 ,the captain of our vessel informed me that the inhabitants of the group numbered about four thousand eight hundred souls1 and that there were ten deaths among the natives to one birth1 the chief cause of this mortality being the opium habit4 ,the ,french governor was trying to prohibit the use of the drug1 but so far had not been successful4 ,on the voyage down to the ,marquesas we saw many flying fish1 whales and other varieties of the finny tribe4 ,on ,may #abth the sailors caught two sharks1 and after cutting them up threw them overboard4 ,we left the port of ,taihai1 in the ,marquesas1 on ,may #bhth1 and on the #cast sighted ,tahiti1 entering the harbor of ,papeete on ,june #ast1 after considerable trouble4 ,i remained on board till the afternoon4 ,mr4 ,dorence ,atwater1 formerly ,united ,states consul there1 came on the vessel1 and recognizing me told me he had an empty room that ,i was welcome to occupy with my friends until ,i could do better4 ,i felt that this courtesy had been offered as an answer to my prayers to the ,lord4 ,i accepted the invitation and we went to the house he had been speaking of1 from where we returned to the wharf1 and he bade me good evening4 ,while resting myself a moment near a group of natives ,i spoke to them1 when one came forward and asked why ,i was there4 ,i replied that ,i had come to preach the ,gospel4 ,at this he called four of his companions and introduced them as ,mormon missionaries of the ,reorganized ,church of ,latter-day ,saints1 or followers of young ,joseph ,smith1 the ,prophet's son4 ,i told them ,i did not belong to their organization1 but to the true ,church of ,saints1 the same as when ,i was on the islands before4 ,they seemed surprised and confused1 and after a pause inquired if ,i knew the ,josephite missionaries that came from ,america4 ,i answered that all the true ,mormon missionaries came from ,salt ,lake ,city and vicinity4 ,then ,i asked if they knew where ,i could get a bed1 and after consultation one of them said ,i could go with him4 ,my baggage1 however1 was not through the custom house1 and the captain suggested that ,i had better stay on board1 so ,i went back to the vessel4 ,that evening ,elders ,joseph ,w4 ,damron and ,wm4 ,a4 ,seegmiller1 missionaries from ,utah1 came on board and asked if there were any ,latter-day ,saints there4 ,i introduced myself1 then my son ,elando1 and ,elder ,thomas ,jones4 ,elder ,damron insisted that we go on shore with him for the night1 which we did1 and my son and ,i were comfortably located at the home of ,tiniarau1 where we remained some time4 ,the other ,elders went to a house about three miles distant1 but next day moved to ,mr4 ,atwater's place4 ,for some days ,i was very tired and in poor health1 and remained at the house talking to people who called4 ,,chapter ,,lxiv4 ,,first ,,sabbath ,,in ,,tahiti--,,meet ,,several ,,persons ,,whom ,i ,,knew ,,over ,,forty ,,years ,,before--,,how ,,they ,,remembered ,,me--,,seek ,,permission ,,to ,,hold ,,public ,,meetings--,,widow ,,of ,,my ,,old ,,friend1 ,,john ,,layton1 ,,calls ,,on ,,me--,,other ,,friends--,,preach ,,to ,,the ,,josephites--,,governor ,,refuses ,,to ,,permit ,,us ,,to ,,hold ,,public ,,meetings--,,get ,,advice ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,consul--,a ,,lawyer',s ,,counsel--,,josephites ,,tell ,,of ,b4 ,f4 ,,grouard--,i ,,explain ,,how ,,he ,,had ,,turned ,,into ,,the ,,wrong ,,path--,,the ,,church ,,never ,,disorganized--,,missionary ,,labors--,,greeting ,a ,,french ,,admiral--,,early ,,missionaries ,,to ,,tahiti--,,their ,,severe ,,experiences--,,sixty-,,fourth ,,anniversary ,,of ,,my ,,birth--,,learn ,,of ,,mormons ,,who ,,were ,,hanged ,,for ,,having ,,killed ,a ,,policeman ,,in ,,the ,,trouble ,,when ,i ,,was ,,arrested ,,on ,,my ,,first ,,mission ,,to ,,the ,,islands--,,meet ,a ,,native ,,of ,,pitcairn',s ,,island--,,his ,,story--,,visit ,,tautila--,,severe ,,voyage--,a ,,baptism--,,sail ,,for ,,tubuoi--,,among ,,strangers--,,celebration ,,of ,a ,,french ,,fete ,,day--,,dine ,,with ,,the ,,governor--,,people ,,become ,,less ,,unfriendly ,,to ,,us--,,breaking ,,of ,,the ,,clouds--,,baptize ,,twenty-,,four ,,persons--,,encouraging ,,results ,,of ,,missionary ,,efforts4 ,,our first ,sabbath in ,tahiti 7,june #e1 #ahib17 we attended the ,josephite meeting4 ,the service was very brief1 and the people seemed worried4 ,next day several of the ,josephites called on me1 and after a lengthy conversation told me they knew ,i spoke the truth to them4 ,i was also visited by a number of friends who were young when ,i was on the islands before1 but who remembered me4 ,one who came from ,anaa said he was present when ,i first landed on that island1 and he knew of my labors and my having been arrested by the ,french4 ,he remembered me by my voice1 and said the people who heard me then would know me in the same way1 if they did not by seeing me4 ,many natives came and said they were glad to see and hear me1 though they had been born since ,i left the country4 ,a ,mr4 ,henry1 a son of a former minister of the ,church of ,england1 called1 and ,i loaned him a ,voice of ,warning4 ,he invited me to spend the evening with himself and wife1 but ,i had an appointment4 ,i went next evening1 however1 and passed a very enjoyable time1 as ,i did on several occasions afterwards4 ,during that week ,i was visited by very many people4 ,mr4 ,atwater gave us the privilege of holding public meetings in his house1 but we understood it was necessary to get the permission of the director and secretary of the interior for the province1 so ,mr4 ,atwater and ,i called4 ,that official said we were to submit the application to the governor1 and he would notify ,mr4 ,atwater of the reply4 ,on ,saturday evening ,i talked on the market grounds to a large number of people1 several of whom recognized me as having been on the island forty years before4 ,that evening1 at the wharf1 ,i also met with an aged man from ,anaa1 who had known me on my former mission1 and who said that if ,i would go there the people would follow my teachings4 ,on ,sunday1 the #abth1 who should come to see me but ,mrs4 ,layton1 a native1 the widow of my old friend ,john ,layton4 ,i had seen her in ,san ,francisco4 ,my own sister could not have been more pleased to see me1 and ,i was very glad to meet her4 ,she gave me the best history of my former friends on the islands that ,i was able to obtain4 ,next morning ,i took a short stroll1 then returned to the house4 ,the other ,elders distributed tracts among the ,english-speaking residents of ,papeete1 and ,i received another call from ,mrs4 ,layton1 who brought her little granddaughters and also a man--the son of an old friend of mine--who said that on my former visit to the island ,i had named him ,iatobo1 after my own ,tahitian name4 ,it was while taking breakfast1 on the #adth1 with a ,mr4 ,mervin1 some of whose children had been blessed in the ,church1 that an old lady who came up1 recognized me1 and shook hands so persistently that it seemed as if she did not intend to let go1 and did not do so for some minutes4 ,she had seen the ,french officers take me away from ,anaa4 ,the old lady had known me on sight1 though forty years had passed4 ,the same day ,i met an aged man who also recognized me from having known me before4 ,that same evening ,i was given the privilege of addressing the ,josephite meeting and told them how and by whom the ,gospel had been brought to them1 and which was the true ,church4 ,i tendered my services to preach in their meeting house1 but my offer was not accepted4 ,on the #afth ,i started with ,elder ,seegmiller to visit the old prison where ,i had been incarcerated by the ,french1 but the distance being too great ,i had to give up the journey4 ,next day we received from the governor a reply to our application for permission to hold public meetings4 ,our request was denied1 the reason assigned being that we believed in polygamy4 ,we had no disposition to let the matter rest there1 so we called on the ,united ,states consul for advice4 ,he told us to make application in writing for permission to preach1 and if refused to submit it to him4 ,this we did on the #bjth1 and next day received an unfavorable answer4 ,the governor asked what we taught1 and we told him4 ,we stated that we did not teach polygamy4 ,the reason he then gave for refusing us the permission desired was that there were enough religions there and he did not want another established4 ,mr4 ,atwater suggested that we consult with ,mr4 ,bonett1 formerly director and secretary of the interior1 and an able lawyer4 ,we did so1 and he informed us that it was not necessary to get permission to preach1 but that we must notify the mayor or justice of the peace of the time and place of our meetings4 ,to return a few days3 ,on ,sunday1 the #aith of ,june1 we attended a ,josephite meeting1 where all were friendly but the presiding officer2 yet after meeting he told us to come and eat1 sent a half-caste to wait on us1 and otherwise was quite attentive4 ,after dinner we talked to the audience1 who appeared well pleased4 ,they said ,b4 ,f4 ,grouard had set native songs to ,american tunes1 and that he had also sent letters endorsing the ,josephite church2 he had been one of the first to preach the true ,gospel to their fathers1 as ,i had been1 and they were confused at my coming1 for they could not refute what ,i had said4 ,i was under the necessity of telling them how that ,grouard had turned into the wrong path--an action which they admitted was quite possible4 ,after our talk this day we felt that we had done our full duty towards those ,josephites in explaining to them the true condition of affairs4 ,on the afternoon of the #bjth my old friend ,mahana ,toro called1 but did not seem so friendly as in former times4 ,he was about seventy years of age1 and very much broken in health4 ,he also had joined the ,josephites under the misapprehension that they were of the same ,church as ,i was4 ,i told him the difference1 that the ,josephite organization was distinct1 and was not the ,church of ,jesus ,christ of ,latter-day ,saints1 which never had been disorganized4 ,he then seemed to feel more kindly towards me1 and visited me on subsequent occasions1 bringing gifts of oranges4 ,my health was very poor1 and at times ,i was quite ill4 ,i was able most of the time1 however1 to get around1 and to preach to the people1 either those who called on me1 or those ,i had the privilege of visiting4 ,my missionary companions were also energetic in their labors4 ,occasionally we had the opportunity to extend our acquaintance into prominent circles of society4 ,for instance1 on ,june #bgth1 we attended a select party in honor of the ,french admiral4 ,there was a grand illumination4 ,i also visited captains of vessels engaged in traffic between the islands1 and had pleasant chats with them on the principles of the ,gospel4 ,i did not fail to talk to the natives whenever occasion offered1 and this was frequent4 ,on ,july #bnd1 in the market square1 a large crowd gathered around me as ,i preached1 and most of them acknowledged the truth of the principles ,i taught4 ,then1 lest the police stop me for raising an excitement1 ,i changed to asking questions1 as in conversation1 so no offense could be taken by the officers4 ,i learned an interesting bit of missionary history on ,july #crd4 ,this day1 ,i met ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,henry1 who said his father was one of the first ,christian missionaries on the islands1 having come to ,tahiti in #agig4 ,they had a very hard time of it4 ,for years their clothing was made of the bark of the bread-fruit tree1 and they had gone barefooted for a long time1 their shoes and clothing having worn out4 ,they had been five years without receiving any supply from their society4 ,my informant was born on the island4 ,i loaned him a copy of the ,deseret ,news1 which contained sermons by ,president ,wilford ,woodruff and by ,elder ,c4 ,w4 ,penrose1 who was editor of the paper at that time4 ,monday1 ,july #d1 #ahib1 was the sixty-fourth anniversary of my birth1 and ,i was spending it in far off ,tahiti4 ,i had but few callers that day1 and consequently but few congratulations4 ,i continued my efforts to make myself more proficient in the ,tahitian language1 and from day to day proceeded with the duties that rested on me4 ,july #abth an aged man ,tematu called on me1 saying that he was from the island of ,anaa1 and had been my servant on the occasion of my former visit4 ,he told me of the four members of the ,church that were hanged by the ,french2 for in the trouble then they had killed a policeman and had wounded severely a ,catholic priest4 ,the names of the executed men were ,tefaitina1 ,reifara1 ,maru1 ,mafeuta and ,temutu4 ,among the very aged people ,i met was one who called on me on ,july #ah1 ,timou1 aged one hundred and three years4 ,i also met1 at a blacksmith shop1 on ,july #bast1 a native of ,pitcairn's island1 ,william ,christenson4 ,he was a descendant of one of the mutineers of the ,british ship ,bounty4 ,he told the story as follows3 ,the ,bounty sailed from ,england in the year #afhi1 the company intending to collect plants from the ,south ,sea ,islands4 ,they called at ,tahiti1 and made their collection1 then got some natives and their wives and some other women on board1 and put out to sea4 ,fletcher ,christenson1 first mate1 and some of the crew mutinied1 getting control of the vessel4 ,they put the captain1 whose name was ,blythe1 and those who wished to go with him1 into the best boat1 supplied them with such articles as they desired which were at hand1 and set them adrift4 ,this party subsequently reached ,england1 while the first mate and crew ran the ship into a small bay at ,pitcairn's ,island1 where they wrecked the vessel1 taking the supplies on shore4 ,all went well for a time1 till the native men became jealous of the white men and killed most of them4 ,afterwards1 at the instance of the remaining white men1 the women killed the native men who had escaped in the former trouble1 so there were left but two of the white men and the women4 ,these1 and after them1 their descendants1 lived on the island1 which was but a few miles in circumference4 ,the population increased to about four hundred souls1 when the ,british government moved them to ,norfolk ,island4 ,some of them returned to ,pitcairn's1 and at that time 7#ahib7 there were one hundred and thirty-six souls on the island1 every one belonging to the ,seventh ,day ,adventists1 and all speaking the ,english language4 ,mr4 ,christenson said that the only names of the mutinous crew he remembered besides those of the captain and his own progenitor1 were ,john ,adams1 ---- ,mc,kay1 ,john ,mills1 ,isaac ,brown and ---- ,yindle4 ,christenson's story does not harmonize precisely with the generally accepted history of the affair1 but ,i have given it as he related it4 ,for a considerable time we had endeavored to get passage for some of the ,elders to the island of ,tuamotu1 but were unsuccessful1 so we divided ,papeete into missionary districts1 ,elder ,damron and my son ,elando taking the east side1 and ,elders ,seegmiller and ,jones the western district4 ,during the latter part of ,july and the greater portion of ,august1 ,i was quite ill1 and was troubled greatly with neuralgia4 ,on ,august #adth1 we applied to the ,josephites for permission to speak in their house1 but it was refused1 resulting in quite a discussion among the members of the ,josephite congregation1 some of whom were quite friendly to us4 ,on the #bcrd my son ,elando and ,i left ,papeete1 by invitation1 for ,tautila1 going in a boat in which there were four other men and a woman1 the latter being a sister of the owner of the craft4 ,when we got off ,haapape the wind became so high that the men were obliged to row for the shore1 and we found refuge in the home of ,terumana1 a native1 who fed us on native food and gave each of us a good bed4 ,we had to remain there till #aa p4m4 on the #beth1 when we started to sea again1 the night being pitch dark4 ,the woman made me as comfortable as was possible in the small boat1 and all went well for a time with the exception of seasickness4 ,then it came on to rain very hard1 and we were all wet4 ,early in the morning we ran into shore1 and the men in charge of the boat asked us to pray1 which ,i did4 ,we then proceeded on our way with a cocoanut each for breakfast1 and at half-past eight p4m41 on the #bfth1 reached the mouth of a river on ,tautila4 ,our host was ,mr4 ,hiotina1 and his wife's name was ,teumere4 ,she was an invalid1 her frame almost a skeleton1 but she was a very bright woman intellectually4 ,her memorizing of ,scripture passages was truly a marvel4 ,the next day after our arrival was ,saturday1 and many people came out of curiosity to see us4 ,on ,sunday1 the #bhth1 about sixty people assembled1 and our host requested us to hold religious services1 which we did4 ,while ,i was preaching on faith1 repentance1 and baptism1 taking my text from the third chapter of ,matthew1 an old lady went over to my son1 who was near the door1 and requested baptism4 ,this was the first application of the kind made to us on the island4 ,the lady had been a member of the ,church1 but had become negligent4 ,at #e p4m4 that day she was baptized by ,elder ,elando ,brown1 and ,i confirmed her a member of the ,church1 there being many people present1 among them a ,protestant minister4 ,we stayed on ,tautila until ,september #ith1 visiting among the people and preaching and talking to them1 as opportunity afforded1 though we could not get a house to preach in4 ,on the #ith we returned to ,papeete1 the voyage being very rough and trying4 ,i could hardly stand on my crutches when we landed1 at #aj p4m4 ,on the #aath we arranged for four of us to go to ,tubuoi1 but the governor informed the captain that he could take but two white passengers1 so on ,august #aeth ,elder ,seegmiller and ,i left on a vessel bound for the island named4 ,the voyage lasted till the #bjth and was decidedly uncomfortable4 ,we did not have sufficient food1 there was no bedding1 and the water on board was filthy4 ,worn and exhausted1 we were glad to get ashore at ,tapuai1 where we were coldly greeted4 ,we secured a comfortable lodging room1 so far as appearances were concerned1 and plenty of fleas for bed-fellows4 ,our room-mate was a young man named ,alexander ,drolett1 interpreter for the ,french captain of a government schooner that was lying in the harbor4 ,there we met ,tapuni1 a native ,josephite preacher who had been on the island about five months4 ,he tried to be sociable1 but was ill at ease1 apparently being discomfited by our arrival4 ,we found the people generally very distant1 as if they did not wish us there4 ,mr4 ,drolett1 however1 was kind and sociable1 and we had the privilege of explaining to him the nature of our calling on the islands4 ,september #bb1 #ahib1 was the one hundredth anniversary of the first ,french republic1 and a feast and holiday had been proclaimed4 ,flags were hoisted1 and the people gathered to the feast4 ,we were among those invited1 and were seated at the table with the captain of the ,french schooner and his interpreter1 and the governor and his wife1 also ,tapuni4 ,about ninety persons were at the feast4 ,dinner was served in ,french and native styles blended4 ,this was followed by singing1 and by dancing and contortions of the old heathen fashion1 until ,i was worn out4 ,the following day the ,french schooner left1 and ,elder ,seegmiller and ,i sent a letter to our brethren at ,papeete4 ,as we were in the house a policeman called and gazed at us for a time1 then left without speaking4 ,next came the native governor1 ,tahuhuetoma1 who entered without noticing me1 but ,i slapped him on the shoulder and asked him if he had eyes1 whereat he spoke1 but had little to say4 ,then came a native1 ,tehaheatihi1 from the village of ,mahu1 on the south side of the island4 ,he was very friendly1 and said he had joined the ,josephites but had discovered his mistake4 ,i was quite ill1 so could not accept his invitation to accompany him to ,mahu1 except on the condition that he furnish a conveyance1 which he promised to try to do4 ,our landlord1 however1 told us not to trouble1 but to remain till ,sunday1 when we would all go to ,mahu1 and could speak to the people there4 ,he said ,tapuni was not pleased1 but that made little difference4 ,next day was ,saturday1 the #bdth--the occasion of greater kindness to us from the natives than previously2 for two children aged ten and twelve years brought us some food1 as did also the governor's wife4 ,on ,sunday further friendship was displayed1 and the people came to ask us questions2 but we were unable to go to ,mahu1 and were refused the privilege of speaking at the religious services in the place where we were4 ,on ,monday1 however1 we went to ,mahu1 where we met twelve to fifteen men1 with whom we had a pleasant visit1 talking to them quite freely4 ,during that week we met a number of people who exhibited a kindly feeling towards us in conversation4 ,some applied for baptism1 but ,i advised them to wait4 ,by the end of the week the clouds over the mission began to break4 ,when ,sunday came there was a religious feast1 but we were not allowed to take part1 so1 with about five natives1 held services of singing1 prayer and conversation4 ,again in the afternoon we had a meeting at which about thirty persons were present1 and ,i explained how the authority had continued in the ,church from the ,prophet ,joseph to the present organization4 ,at that meeting ,elder ,seegmiller spoke publicly in the native tongue for the first time4 ,there were several applications for baptism1 and on the following ,tuesday1 ,october #dth1 ,elder ,seegmiller baptized twenty-four persons1 whom ,i confirmed members of the ,church4 ,thus the missionary work on the island was opened up again1 with a fair start for prosperity4 ,,chapter ,,lxv4 ,,miraculous ,,healing--,,meet ,,and ,,confound ,,the ,,josephites--,,further ,,missionary ,,success--,,meet ,a ,,native ,,who ,,was ,,present ,,when ,i ,,was ,,sentenced ,,to ,,be ,,burned--,,elder ,,john ,,layton',s ,,grave--,,arrange ,,to ,,return ,,to ,,tahiti--,,disappointed--,,preach ,a ,,funeral ,,sermon--,,forbidden ,,to ,,hold ,,public ,,meetings--,,blind ,,woman ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,twenty ,,years ,,old--,,her ,,testimony--,,administer ,,to ,,her ,,for ,,her ,,eyesight1 ,,and ,,she ,,is ,,enabled ,,to ,,see ,a ,,little--,,she ,,praises ,,the ,,lord--,,preaching ,,and ,,baptizing--,,sail ,,for ,,papeete--,,an ,,odd ,,cargo--,,hard ,,voyage--,,held ,,by ,a ,,calm--,,land ,,on ,,tahiti--,,sail ,,for ,,avaroa--,,on ,a ,,well-,,ordered ,,schooner--,,call ,,at ,,various ,,islands--,,lance ,a ,,carbuncle--,,christmas ,,day ,,at ,,sea--,,watermelons--,a ,,beautiful ,,residence ,,and ,,cordial ,,welcome--,,perform ,,three ,,marriage ,,ceremonies--,,conference ,,of ,,saints ,,in ,,the ,,tuamotu ,,islands--,,meet ,a ,,native ,,chilean--,,visit ,,various ,,places--,,public ,,welcome--,,fishing--,,on ,,the ,,island ,,of ,,anaa--,,visit ,,where ,i ,,was ,,imprisoned--,,graves ,,of ,,those ,,concerned ,,in ,,the ,,trouble ,,then--,,warrant ,,served ,,on ,,me--,,summoned ,,to ,,the ,,government ,,house--,,warned ,,against ,,creating ,a ,,disturbance4 ,,it was on ,october #f1 #ahib1 that the first case of miraculous healing after our arrival occurred4 ,we were becoming recipients of greater kindness from the natives1 and that day ,roai1 the oldest man on the island1 was brought to us1 shaking violently with a chill4 ,he appeared to be dying4 ,some cocoanut oil was brought--no other was obtainable--and we blessed it and anointed and blessed him1 when the chill immediately left him4 ,he rested well1 and next morning was in his usual good health4 ,on the #gth there was quite an argument among the people as to whether the ,josephites or the ,mormons should have the meeting house4 ,the decision was in our favor1 and we were also offered a house in the village of ,taahuaia4 ,the ,josephite preacher1 ,tapuni1 wanted to hold joint meetings with us1 as we both followed the same form of baptism2 but we refused1 as we could not make any alliance with him4 ,we represented the true ,church of ,jesus ,christ1 while his organization was by persons who had been excommunicated1 and had not divine authority4 ,when ,sunday came we held three meetings1 blessed fourteen children1 and took dinner with the policeman4 ,next day1 the #ajth1 we ordained ,ote an ,elder1 and added nine persons to the ,church by baptism4 ,on the #aath we met a man--the fourth on the island--who was on the island of ,raivavai when the natives had built a fire to burn me1 and when ,i was delivered by the power of ,god4 ,they claimed to have been present when ,i was sentenced1 but denied taking any part in the proceedings4 ,friday1 ,october #adth1 we bade the ,saints of ,mahu farewell 7having1 the day previous1 ordained two ,elders1 two ,priests1 one ,teacher and one ,deacon7 and went to ,taahuaia1 where the people were quite indifferent to us4 ,from time to time1 however1 we were able to converse with some of them1 and baptized several4 ,on the #bcrd1 the governor gave us permission to hold meetings1 and we began doing so4 ,i visited the grave of ,elder ,john ,layton on the #bdth1 and on the #beth arranged to leave on a schooner for ,tahiti4 ,my health had been quite poor for some time4 ,i did not go on the boat1 however1 for it was so heavily laden that there was no room1 so it sailed on the #bgth without me4 ,monday1 ,october #cast1 ,i preached the funeral sermon of a little girl4 ,on the #eth of ,november1 the ,josephite preacher and his wife called on me4 ,in the evening a special meeting of the people was held1 the purpose of which was kept secret from us4 ,that night ,i dreamed ,i was on trial and the judge said he knew ,i was not guilty1 but because of the demand of the people he would have to give judgment against me and assess a fine of twenty dollars1 which the court would pay4 ,i awoke and told ,elder ,seegmiller the natives had made a decision against us1 as we learned the next day1 when the governor withdrew from us the privilege of holding meetings4 ,we went to ,mataura on ,november #gth1 to see a man possessed of a devil4 ,the evil spirit was dumb1 and for three years the man had not spoken to anyone1 but sat or laid around4 ,we also visited the school where there were about thirty students1 and the teacher called one pupil to the blackboard1 where the exercise in writing required of her was well done4 ,then we called on ,tetuatehiapa1 the oldest woman on the island4 ,she was one hundred and twenty years of age1 and had been blind for eight years4 ,the people said she had insisted that she would live till the servants of ,god came from ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,when told who we were she rejoiced greatly1 and exclaimed1 ,i always said you would come again6 ,the ,lord has brought you1 and has prolonged my life till you came4 ,i rejoice exceedingly at the mercies of the ,lord6 ,on ,november #hth1 we baptized her with seven others1 and on the #ajth administered to her for her blindness by laying hands on her head and blessing her4 ,when we had attended to the ordinance she stated that she could see a little1 which was more than she had done for eight years4 ,god be praised for ,his mercies1 she said4 ,sunday1 ,november #acth1 ,i preached twice to large congregations at ,mahu1 where we arrived on the #aath4 ,we also had a number of applicants for baptism1 and on the #adth eight members were added to the ,church by the ordinance1 and we blessed two children4 ,a ,catholic priest called on us1 and ,i had a pointed discussion with him on authority in the ,church1 and the true ,gospel4 ,we parted good friends1 he promising to come again next day1 but he did not do so2 although he passed by the house1 but never looked towards us4 ,on the #afth we added five more souls to the ,church by baptism4 ,our missionary labors continued in different villages1 and on ,november #bc ,elder ,seegmiller baptized the school teacher at ,mataura1 also two of the governor's daughters4 ,on the #bast the captain of a schooner that had called at the island told us we could go to ,tahiti on his vessel1 starting on the #bdth4 ,elder ,seegmiller aided me in preparing for the voyage1 and ,i bade farewell to the people1 who were very much attached to us4 ,i shook hands with the governor1 when his eyes filled with tears1 he kissed me1 and was so full of emotion that it was difficult for him to speak4 ,in due time the vessel sailed1 ,elder ,seegmiller going on it to ,mataura1 three miles down the coast1 where he went ashore1 as we had agreed1 and ,i was alone so far as a missionary companion was concerned4 ,at ,mataura the ,french police justice and his wife1 a ,marquesas woman1 came aboard1 and at #f p4m4 we weighed anchor4 ,the schooner was very much crowded1 the cargo including four women1 two children1 fourteen men1 three horses1 twenty hogs1 one goat1 one dog1 about one hundred chickens1 eight or ten turkeys1 eleven thousand cocoanuts1 and a lot of other things4 ,the most comfortable place ,i could find was on the companion-way1 where ,i sat1 as ,i was not able to use my crutches on the vessel4 ,the first night out ,i found ,i could not sleep in my berth1 as it was too cramped and the tobacco smoke and foul air were too much for me1 so ,i camped on the companion-way with my blanket1 and was very seasick4 ,the next night ,i fared about the same1 and it was pretty hard on me2 but the third night1 ,saturday1 ,i went below before the others did1 and obtained a fairly good night's rest4 ,sunday1 ,november #bg1 we sighted ,tahiti1 but a heavy rain and calm held us back over ,monday1 ,tuesday and ,wednesday4 ,on the last-named day the crew caught a shark1 and we had some of it boiled for supper4 ,thursday1 ,december #ast1 we landed at ,papeete in a heavy rainstorm1 and quite exhausted4 ,i was met by my son ,elando1 and once on shore ,i was refreshed with palatable food and good news from my family4 ,we spent our time the next fourteen days in missionary labors in ,papeete1 to the best advantage1 and on the sixth baptized eight persons into the ,church4 ,my health was decidedly poor at this time4 ,we had arranged with ,mr4 ,henry ,marvin for passage on the schooner ,avaroa to the ,tuamotu islands1 sailing on ,december #aeth4 ,we left on the date named and though we had some headwinds and calms1 we had a good voyage2 for the captain 7a ,hawaiian7 and crew were agreeable1 the vessel was kept clean and in perfect order1 and the table was well supplied with a good variety of food4 ,we sighted several islands1 and on the #bjth stopped at ,niau1 which has a population of one hundred1 all members of the ,josephite ,church4 ,their presiding officer and a number of his people came on board and gave us six chickens and six baskets of cocoanuts as a token of friendship4 ,i talked to them on the ,gospel message ,i had to deliver as a missionary4 ,we went ashore on the island of ,apatai on the #bcrd1 as ,mr4 ,marvin had some business there4 ,the people were rather indifferent to us as missionaries4 ,i visited the governor1 who said he had been my servant on the island of ,anaa when ,i was there forty years before4 ,he was very much afflicted with a carbuncle on the back of his head and neck1 and could move about only by crawling on his hands and knees4 ,i lanced his carbuncle1 and he recovered4 ,christmas ,day1 #ahib1 was spent on the schooner ,avaroa1 and we sought the coolest place we could find and ate watermelons1 thinking of our mountain home and the loved ones in ,utah4 ,next day we sailed into port at ,taroa1 and were met by ,elder ,joseph ,w4 ,damron and some native ,saints4 ,i was welcomed to the home of ,mr4 ,mapuhi1 a seven-roomed frame house1 built on pillars of coral stone and beautifully furnished in ,american fashion4 ,the place seemed perfectly lovely1 and a surprise for us in the way of a spring mattress to sleep on was doubly welcome4 ,the following day was the #bgth1 and ,i had the privilege of preaching to a good audience4 ,the #bhth of ,december was ,wednesday1 and the morning was marked by the receipt of an invitation to a triple wedding and feast to be held that afternoon at the government building4 ,i attended and by request performed the marriage ceremony for the three couples4 ,i also availed myself of the opportunity to address the assemblage briefly on the subjects of marriage and baptism for the dead4 ,this day ,i had the unusual experience of standing in the door of the house where we were lodging and viewing a large school of whales pass by4 ,new ,year's day1 #ahic1 was the time for a conference of the ,saints to be held on the island of ,faiti1 so preparations were made on ,december #bith for us to leave ,taroa4 ,on this date ,i met a native ,chilean1 who said he came from ,san ,antonio1 about thirty miles south of ,valparaiso4 ,when ,i heard this1 it called to my mind a statement of ,dr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,bernhisel1 that he had learned from the ,prophet ,joseph ,smith that that was near the place where ,lehi and his colony1 told of in the ,book of ,mormon1 landed in ,america1 on their journey from ,jerusalem4 ,in the afternoon we started1 on ,mapuhi's schooner1 for ,faiti1 six boatloads of the ,saints going along4 ,our vessel had twenty persons aboard4 ,the wind was fair1 and on ,saturday1 ,december #cast1 we reached ,faiti1 landing about #i3cj a4m4 ,our reception was rather cool1 as we were ushered into a large room1 almost bare save a long table and a few chairs1 and were left alone much of the time4 ,however1 we had good beds at night4 ,in the morning1 ,sunday1 ,january #ast1 we held meeting1 and ,i called for those who had known me on my former mission to stand up4 ,seventeen persons arose to their feet1 and stated that they remembered and recognized me4 ,our meetings at conference were well attended4 ,the presiding officer of the ,church in the ,tuamotu islands was a blind man1 and he asked me a number of questions to satisfy himself that ,i was the same one who had been there forty years before with ,elders ,pratt and ,grouard4 ,i baptized him at that time4 ,when he was fully convinced he remarked that if ,i had not come he would not have received the young missionaries1 referring to ,elders ,damron1 ,jones1 and my son ,elando4 ,it was ,january #dth before the people gave us the public reception that was customary4 ,at the ceremony an aged man related how they had prayed that ,i might come back to them again1 to teach them the true ,gospel4 ,that day the ,french gen d' armes made some charges of irregularity against the owner of our boat1 saying the captain had not the proper papers4 ,it was generally understood1 however1 that the trouble originated with the ,catholic priest4 ,matters were finally settled4 ,next morning ,i went fishing with our landlord and caught six nice rock cod1 where the sea was ten fathoms deep4 ,the water was so clear that through a glass we could see the bottom1 with the myriad beauties and great variety of fish at that place4 ,the anchor of the canoe got fast in a coral reef1 and our host dived down and released it4 ,we continued to hold meetings all the week to give the people a correct understanding of our mission2 then1 on ,january #ith1 my son ,elando and ,i sailed for the island of ,anaa1 arriving there at noon that day1 and being warmly welcomed by the people of ,tuuhora1 where we landed4 ,on the #aath1 ,i walked over the ground where ,i had been held a prisoner by the ,french government1 and visited the cemetery where was the grave of the policeman who had been killed in an affray subsequent to my departure4 ,on the afternoon of the #acth1 ,i visited the graves of those who were hanged by the ,french government for their part in the tragedy4 ,upon my return from the cemetery1 a warrant was served on me by a policeman4 ,it was in both ,french and ,english1 the ,english translation reading as follows3 ,monsieur ,jacob1 ,ministre ,mormon3 ,the gen d' arme chief of port at ,anaa invites ,mr4 ,jacob 7,james71 ,mormon minister at ,tuuhora1 to come to the government house at ,tuuhora 7,fare ,hau71 to listen to a communication which he desires him to hear4 ,cy4 ,cours1 ,the ,gen d' arme ,chief of ,post4 ,tuuhora1 #acth ,january1 #ahic4 ,of course ,i responded to this invitation from the chief of police1 so with my son ,elando reported as requested1 to listen to an order made by the governor of the ,tuamotu group of islands4 ,the chief of police warned us particularly that if we caused the slightest disturbance among the people over the meeting house1 or otherwise1 it might result seriously to me4 ,this was repeated six times1 in an emphatic tone of voice4 ,the officer refused utterly to hear anything from us1 saying1 ,i follow out my instructions4 ,you must not step your foot inside of the meeting house at ,temeraia1 nor the house here4 ,finding it was useless for us to say anything1 we bade the chief of police and the interpreter 7,mr4 ,burns1 an ,englishman7 good-bye1 and left them to their stench of strong drink4 ,,chapter ,,lxvi4 ,,preaching ,,and ,,visiting--,,pearl ,,fishing--,,place ,,of ,,my ,,arrest ,,in #ahea--;,,accident ,,to ,a ,,young ,,man--,,incident ,,with ,,the ,,governor ,,of ,,anaa--,,see ,a ,,leper--,,capture ,,of ,,an ,,eel--,,conference ,,on ,,anaa--,,time ,,of ,,dedication ,,of ,,salt ,,lake ,,temple--,,specially ,,interesting ,,meetings--,,new ,,elders ,,from ,,utah--,,start ,,back ,,to ,,tahiti--,,another ,,funeral ,,sermon--,,meet ,,the ,,french ,,governor ,,of ,,the ,,tuamotu ,,islands--,,his ,,cordial ,,greeting--,,arrive ,,at ,,papeete--,,appointments ,,for ,,the ,,new ,,missionaries--,,fail ,,to ,,get ,a ,,passage ,,to ,,tubuoi--,,my ,,health ,,very ,,poor--,,learn ,,of ,,the ,,dedication ,,of ,,the ,,salt ,,lake ,,temple--,,elders ,,unanimous ,,in ,,the ,,decision ,,that ,i ,,should ,,return ,,home ,,because ,,of ,,my ,,illness--,i ,,demur--,,conclude ,,to ,,go--,,trouble ,,on ,,anaa--,,my ,,sixty-,,fifth ,,birthday--,,notable ,,kindness ,,of ,a ,,native ,,child--,,sail ,,from ,,papeete--,,difficulty ,,in ,,landing ,,from ,,small ,,boats--,,in ,,the ,,society ,,islands--,,reach ,,san ,,francisco--,,arrive ,,in ,,salt ,,lake ,,city--,,report ,,the ,,successful ,,opening ,,of ,,the ,,society ,,islands ,,mission4 ,,after the severe warning from the governor1 we returned to our missionary labors1 preaching to the people as we could find opportunity4 ,the ,sunday following this occurrence 7,january #aeth7 we had three well-attended meetings in a private meeting house1 and on ,monday we went in a boat to ,putuahara1 a town of two thousand people on my first visit but now dwindled down to a place with less than sixty inhabitants4 ,all the ablebodied men were away1 engaged in pearl-fishing4 ,this is the place where the people killed the ,french policeman and severely beat the ,catholic priest1 as already stated4 ,we conversed with and preached to the inhabitants until the #beth1 when we went to ,otopipi1 but returned that same day1 as our friends there were absent from home4 ,our missionary work in ,putuahara continued till ,february #dth1 when we again went to ,otopipi4 ,next day being ,sunday ,i had the privilege of preaching to a large congregation4 ,there were thirty-one native members of the ,church present4 ,many of the people in attendance were ,catholics1 and my remarks raised quite a discussion among them1 some of them being for and others against me4 ,early on ,monday1 according to previous arrangement1 we sailed around to ,temeraia1 receiving a hearty welcome there4 ,at this place we met the granddaughter of ,john ,hawkins1 once an ,elder in this mission and now a ,josephite4 ,i also visited the spot where ,i had been arrested in the year #ahea4 ,the house had been cleared away since then1 and an old wrecked boat occupied the site4 ,we held meetings and had a large attendance1 though the weather was intensely hot and oppressive1 and my health quite poor4 ,on ,february #agth a young man named ,temia fell thirty-five feet from a tree and broke his arm in three places1 the bones coming through his skin in one place4 ,with such hot weather1 and no surgical or medical attendance available1 it looked as though his chances for recovery seemed slight4 ,we visited him again on the #bhth1 and his case looked even more serious4 ,we administered to him1 and he ultimately recovered4 ,towards the latter part of the month the people began to feel more friendly to us1 and received us more cordially than at first4 ,while we were in meeting on ,march #ast1 the governor passed1 and as he was averse to recognizing us then as previously1 ,i called to him and asked the reason4 ,his reply was that it was not wise to do so4 ,i continued to talk with him1 and he became more sociable1 confessing that it was the darkness of his heart that had caused him to act so improperly4 ,i advised him to repent of his sins and ask the ,lord to give him light1 and he felt better4 ,two days after this ,i beheld the unusual sight of a leper1 as one passed the house--a painful picture to behold4 ,the third day a man and his wife were baptized into the ,church4 ,a visit to ,tuuhora was made on ,march #fth4 and on the return voyage1 while diving for pearls1 an eel was discovered under a rock in deep water4 ,it took quite a light to capture it1 but it was a fine one--about four feet long4 ,we went to ,putuahara on ,march #ac1 and during the remainder of the month continued our missionary labors1 meeting with no unusual experiences4 ,on ,march #cast1 ,elders ,damron and ,jones came from ,fakariva1 and native members of the ,church began to arrive in preparation for our conference1 which was set for ,april #fth1 #ahic4 ,at #g o'clock that morning we assembled in conference1 being the same actual time when the ,saints were meeting for the dedication of the ,temple in ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah--#aj a4m4 at the latter place4 ,i explained to the ,saints in conference the nature and importance of the event just named4 ,elder ,damron also spoke on temple building1 and after the close of our meeting we went to the seashore1 where we held a short service1 and my son ,elando baptized five persons into the ,church4 ,we also ordained three native ,elders and appointed two of them to preside over branches of the ,church4 ,the conference continued till ,sunday evening1 and all in attendance had a most enjoyable time4 ,we had received word on ,saturday that eight ,elders had arrived at ,papeete from ,utah1 and at the close of conference we decided that we had better return to ,tahiti as soon as possible4 ,next morning we bade farewell to the weeping ,saints1 and set sail for ,tuuhora4 ,from there we took passage for ,taroa4 ,on ,april #abth1 we stopped at ,apatai1 where ,i went ashore and met a number of people whom ,i had baptized on my former mission4 ,they did not display much of a hospitable feeling1 as none invited me to their houses4 ,taroa was reached on ,april #afth1 and the hearty welcome there was highly appreciated after a voyage which had been very unpleasant to me1 as ,i had been quite ill4 ,we were met by ,messrs4 ,marvin and ,mapuhi1 and escorted to the latters fine residence4 ,it being ,sunday1 we attended meetings4 ,my son ,elando was also called on1 on on ,april #bast1 to preach the funeral sermon over a young man who had died of consumption4 ,on the morning of ,april #bgth1 the schooner ,avaroa came into port1 having on board the ,french governor of the ,tuamotu group1 also the native governor of ,taroa4 ,we had a friendly chat with them1 the ,frenchman saying he had been in ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,he invited me to visit him when ,i went to ,fakariva again4 ,next day the people assembled to pay their respects to the governor1 and we also had another pleasant chat with him4 ,we started from ,taroa on ,monday1 ,may #ast1 on the ,avaroa1 but as the vessel was going out to sea she struck on a rock which disabled the rudder1 and it took till evening to repair it4 ,then we sailed for ,fakariva1 reaching there the following afternoon4 ,the ,french governor went ashore1 and later we did the same4 ,next morning we took breakfast with him1 being invited to come again whenever we were on the island4 ,that afternoon we sailed for ,tahiti1 reaching ,papeete harbor on ,saturday1 ,may #fth1 and meeting there ,elders ,edward ,sudbury1 ,frank ,goff1 ,frank ,cutler1 ,eugene ,m4 ,cannon1 ,carl ,j4 ,larsen1 ,thomas ,l4 ,woodbury1 ,fred ,c4 ,rossiter and ,jesse ,m4 ,fox1 all from ,utah4 ,at a meeting of the missionaries held on ,may #acth1 ,elders ,carl ,j4 ,larsen and ,thomas ,l4 ,woodbury were appointed to go to the ,tuamotu islands1 ,elders ,frank ,goff and ,jesse ,m4 ,fox to ,tubuoi1 with my son ,elando and myself and the others remaining on ,tahiti for a short time4 ,through ,mr4 ,marvin we engaged passage on a ,french man-of-war going to ,tubuoi1 the captain giving his permission4 ,but after we had packed our trunks and purchased our provisions for the journey1 the captain suggested that we had better get a permit from the governor4 ,we tried to do so1 but that official responded with an abrupt ,no4 ,so we had to await another opportunity4 ,for some time previous to this date my health had been poorer than usual1 and it grew worse1 so that it was with difficulty ,i attended to missionary labors and to conducting the mission affairs4 ,i continued at work1 however1 the best ,i could1 and my fellow-missionaries were devoted to their duties4 ,some of them were in the best of health1 but others were not so fortunate2 indeed1 one of them1 ,edward ,sudbury1 was under the necessity of returning home shortly after the date of which ,i write4 ,on ,may #beth we received mail telling us of the dedication of the ,temple in ,salt ,lake ,city1 and the notable events connected therewith4 ,i had tried to get a hall in which to hold meetings for the ,european residents of ,papeete1 my last efforts in that line being on ,june #acth1 but ,i was unsuccessful1 so we had to do without1 and endeavor to reach them and the natives in other ways4 ,on ,june #beth we held a council meeting of all the ,elders on ,tahiti1 eight in number1 at which methods for the best conduct of the mission were considered4 ,among other events of the meeting was the unanimous expression by my fellow-missionaries of the opinion that my state of health was such that ,i should go home4 ,a motion that ,i do so was put and carried1 all but myself voting in favor of my going by the next mail steamer1 which sailed ,july #hth4 ,i thought that if conditions improved before that time1 ,i would be at liberty to remain longer in the mission field4 ,elder ,sudbury was also in such health that he was booked to start home at the same time1 and my son ,elando was selected to accompany us1 and give me the attention ,i needed4 ,my health showing no signs of improvement1 passage was secured on the brig ,galilee1 bound for ,san ,francisco4 ,on ,june #bgth we had seen two persons from ,anaa1 who informed us there was trouble there1 the missionaries not obtaining their rights to preach4 ,i gave such advice as ,i felt would be safe to follow1 and ,elder ,j4 ,w4 ,damron1 who succeeded me in the presidency of the mission1 was left to deal with affairs4 ,on ,july #dth1 my sixty-fifth birthday1 ,john ,hawkins1 one of my fellow-laborers of forty-two years before1 who had apostatized and joined the ,josephites1 called1 with others4 ,he was particularly bitter towards the ,church4 ,that day little ,tapura1 between six and seven years old1 brought me1 of her own volition1 a large and beautiful bouquet of flowers--an act of kindness scarcely to be expected in one so young4 ,she is the daughter of ,mr4 ,topaz1 who was very kind to us4 ,the day previous to our going on board1 the neighbors brought in bananas and cocoanuts for our use on the voyage1 and we were treated well4 ,we bade farewell to friends and associates1 all being sorry at the parting1 and on ,july #hth ,i sailed for the last time from the harbor of ,papeete1 island of ,tahiti4 ,the words of ,apostle ,lorenzo ,snow1 spoken to me before commencing my journey1 had been fulfilled4 ,though this mission had not been so long as some of the others ,i had filled1 it had been one of the greatest and best ,i had performed1 so far as relates to the work ,i had been the means of accomplishing in reopening and establishing the ,society ,islands mission4 ,our vessel this voyage was very different to those we often had to use in our travels from place to place1 even in the same island4 ,we also bade adieu to the native method of landing from boats1 which always brought discomfort and often serious peril4 ,for illustration1 it was no uncommon thing1 when approaching harbor1 to have to pass through breakers across a coral reef where there was barely room for the boat to glide between the rocks4 ,sometimes the vessel would be run close to the opening1 the occupants would spring out on to the rocks on each side of the passage1 and seizing the boat1 would hold it there till the large or three-twin-sisters wave came along2 and then1 by its aid1 would drag or push the boat through in safety4 ,in such times as these my lame condition was hindersome to the extent of being more than annoying2 it was exasperating4 ,but ,i always got through1 though it was hard work1 and my companions gave the needed assistance with perfect willingness4 ,the voyage to ,san ,francisco was without particular event more than is usual on such occasions1 as was also the journey from ,san ,francisco to ,salt ,lake ,city by rail4 ,we reached home about the middle of ,august1 and were welcomed cordially4 ,i reported to the ,first ,presidency the condition of affairs in the mission1 the progress we had made1 with the difficulties that were to be met with4 ,elando and ,i had been absent for sixteen months1 and had worked with diligence to perform our part4 ,our efforts had been blessed of the ,lord1 for many people who had been astray from the path of life were led to direct their footsteps in the straight and narrow path4 ,the ,society ,islands mission had been reopened successfully1 and yet continues to prosper1 the membership in the ,church there being quite numerous4 ,,chapter ,,lxvii4 ,,invited ,,to ,,the ,,midwinter ,,fair1 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,and ,,accept--,,journey ,,to ,,california--,,kind ,,treatment ,,received--,,an ,,honored ,,guest--,,write ,a ,,pamphlet ,,on ,,the ,,discovery ,,of ,,gold ,,at ,,sutter',s ,,mill ,,race--,,first ,,accurate ,,account ,,published--,,again ,,at ,,home--,,preparing ,,my ,,autobiography ,,for ,,publication--,a ,,great ,,task--,,progress ,,of ,,the ,,work--,,my ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,mission ,,to ,,the ,,pacific ,,islands--,,utah',s ,,semi-,,centennial ,,jubilee--,,not ,a ,,utah ,,pioneer ,,of #ahdg--,,pioneer ,,just ,,the ,,same--,,mormon ,,battalion ,,recognized ,,in ,,the ,,utah ,,celebration--,,invited ,,to ,,join ,,in ,,the ,,parade--,,comparative ,,narrowness ,,of ,,committee',s ,,courtesy--,,letters ,,from ,,california1 ,,regarding ,,the ,,pioneer ,,celebration ,,there ,,in #ahih--;,,invited ,,with ,,three ,,others ,,of ,,the ,,mormon ,,battalion1 ,,to ,,be ,,special ,,guests ,,as ,,the ,,survivors ,,of ,,the ,,party ,,that ,,discovered ,,gold ,,in ,,california ,,in #ahdh--;,,appreciation ,,of ,,the ,,courtesy ,,extended ,,by ,,californians4 ,,as my health was far from satisfactory1 ,i was able to do but little after my return from the ,society ,islands in ,august1 #ahic4 ,i gave my farm some attention1 and traveled occasionally among the people4 ,in ,february1 #ahid1 ,i received an invitation from ,james ,h4 ,love1 manager for the concession of the '#di mining camp at the ,midwinter ,fair1 in ,golden ,gate ,park1 ,san ,francisco1 to be present there4 ,the invitation came to me through ,israel ,evans1 of ,lehi1 ,utah1 who had been with me in ,california in #ahdh4 ,i accepted1 and in company with ,israel ,evans and my son ,james ,t4 ,brown1 went to ,california in the month named4 ,this visit to ,california extended about thirty days4 ,we were treated with the greatest kindness4 ,our place of lodging at the miner's cabin on the fair grounds was comfortably fitted1 and besides viewing the most excellent exhibits of this notable ,midwinter ,exposition1 we also visited most of the places of interest in the locality4 ,we were honored guests in every parade1 and nothing more could be desired in the way of courtesies to make our stay pleasant4 ,while in ,california on this occasion ,i wrote my pamphlet4 ,authentic ,history of the ,first ,discovery of ,gold in ,sutter's ,mill ,race1 ,california4 ,this was the first accurate history of that event ,i had seen in print1 all the other accounts having been gathered from hearsay and broken narratives1 while ,i had the advantage of being an actual participant in the historic occurrence4 ,in ,march1 #ahid1 ,i returned home1 and continued my ordinary labors1 my health being considerably improved4 ,at this time ,i began preparing my journal for publication1 having to rewrite it to place it in presentable form1 as much of it had been noted down under very adverse circumstances2 it was also necessary to condense it greatly1 many items of real interest being abbreviated to a considerable extent4 ,i believe now that if ,i had realized at the outset what a great task it was1 ,i should not have attempted it1 notwithstanding the fact that ,i was fully aware that my life's experience had been filled with unusually interesting episodes4 ,but ,i had not been accustomed to giving up a work once undertaken with a good aim2 so ,i have continued to the present1 and as ,i prepare this chapter1 the earlier part of the work is in the hands of the printer4 ,the only literary experience ,i have had previous to this work is writing a history of the first mission to the ,pacific ,islands and the subsequent progress of events in the ,society ,islands mission up to #ahic1 the manuscript of which history was filed with and is now a part of the records of the ,church historian's office4 ,in ,july1 #ahig1 ,utah's ,semi-,centennial ,jubilee was celebrated1 the occasion being the fiftieth anniversary of the entrance of the ,mormon ,pioneers into the valley of the ,great ,salt ,lake1 ,july #bd1 #ahdg4 ,the chief ceremonies were in ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,july #bjth to #beth1 and ,i had the honor and pleasure of being present4 ,i had not the privilege of being classed as one of the pioneers1 for these were limited in the celebration to those who reached ,utah in #ahdg1 and ,i did not arrive there from the west till #ahdh4 ,with the ,mormon ,battalion members1 however1 ,i was a ,mormon pioneer1 in the memorable journey across the country to the ,pacific2 ,i was also a pioneer in ,california1 and later in ,utah and surrounding places4 ,the committee on the semi-centennial celebration1 however1 noted the fact that the members of the ,mormon ,battalion were entitled to recognition in connection with the ,utah pioneer band1 for the work of both was intimately associated4 ,in pursuance of this1 there was sent to me under date of ,july #aith1 a letter containing this announcement3 ,survivors of the ,mormon ,battalion1 the ,nauvoo ,legion1 ,captain ,ballo's ,band1 and the ,martial ,band1 are requested to meet at ,pioneer ,square on ,tuesday next1 ,july #bjth1 at #i o'clock a4m41 sharp1 for the purpose of marching in advance of the original band of ,pioneers to witness the unveiling ceremonies upon that occasion4 ,those who are able to walk are earnestly requested to do so1 but those who are too feeble to walk will join them at the ,monument4 ,hoping to see you with us at the appointed time1 ,i am1 ,yours respectfully1 ,h4 ,f4 ,,mcgarvie1 ,assistant ,director-,general4 ,i responded to this limited notice1 in common with other members of the ,mormon ,battalion at hand4 ,but the summary treatment was in such strong contrast to the consideration and courtesy extended at the ,midwinter ,fair1 and subsequently at the ,california ,golden ,jubilee1 that its effect was to enhance greatly1 in the minds' of those who participated in the ,california and the ,utah celebrations1 the admiration for the ,california managers in their broad and thorough comprehension of the amenities of such historic public events4 ,but ,i must add here that the ,mormon ,battalion members1 whose journey west was over another route than that followed by the companies which came direct to the ,salt ,lake ,valley1 were fitly honored in the hearts of ,utah's people as of the pioneer band in the great west4 ,december #a1 #ahig1 ,i received the following2 #abaf ,,hyde ,,street1 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,november #bi1 #ahig4 ,mr4 ,james ,s4 ,brown3 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,the celebration committee of the ,society of ,california ,pioneers1 expect1 though as yet no formal action has been taken1 to invite yourself1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,johnston1 ,mr4 ,azariah ,smith1 and ,mr4 ,henry ,w4 ,bigler1 who were with ,marshall at ,coloma on the #bdth of ,january1 #ahdh1 to come to ,san ,francisco as honored guests of the ,society1 and at its expense1 to participate in the semi-centennial celebration of that eventful day1 on the #bdth of ,january next4 ,if we should send such an invitation to you1 will you come and be with us8 ,letters from ,mr4 ,bigler and ,mr4 ,smith lead me to hope that they will accept the invitation4 ,so soon as formal action is taken1 you will be informed either by myself or by the secretary of our committee4 ,yours truly1 ,,john ,s4 ,,hittell4 ,a member of the ,celebration ,committee4 ,my response was that if my health would permit1 and all things were satisfactory1 ,i should be pleased to accept such an invitation4 ,i received another letter from ,mr4 ,hittell1 under date of ,december #aeth1 in which he said3 ,mr4 ,james ,s4 ,brown3 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,this evening the celebration committee of the ,pioneer ,society adopted a resolution to invite you to attend the ,golden ,jubilee of ,california1 as an honored guest of the ,society1 which will provide you with first class transportation from and to your home1 and take charge of your hotel bill from the #bbnd of ,january till the #cast of ,january1 #ahih1 in this city4 ,mr4 ,b4 ,h4 and ,mr4 ,h4 ,b4 ,luther1 brothers1 say that they were at ,coloma on the #bdth of ,january1 #ahdh1 as boys1 with their father and mother4 ,do you know them and remember when they reached ,coloma8 ,they say their mother1 who was with them there1 is still living4 ,under date of ,december #beth1 ,mr4 ,hittell also wrote me3 ,captain ,james ,s4 ,brown3 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,please let me know the amount of the railroad fare from ,salt ,lake to ,ogden1 so that we may forward the sum to you by letter2 we expect to send you a ticket from ,ogden to this city1 including a lower berth in a sleeping car4 ,we hope that you1 ,bigler1 ,smith and ,johnston will all come in the same car4 ,i have addressed a similar letter to each of the other three4 ,thanks for your letter of ,december #bjth4 ,i was satisfied that ,gregson and the ,luthers were not at the sawmill on the #bdth of ,january1 #ahdh4 ,i suppose the best train would be the one leaving ,salt ,lake ,city at #i3aj p4m41 on ,january #bjth1 arriving at ,san ,francisco ,january #bbnd1 at #i3de a4m4 ,does that suit you8 ,the next communication on the subject was as follows3 ,,executive ,,department1 ,,the ,,society ,,of ,,california ,,pioneers1 ,,no4 #e1 ,,pioneer ,,place1 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,california1 ,january #g1 #ahih1 ,james ,s4 ,brown1 ,esq41 ,salt ,lake ,city3 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,the ,society of ,california ,pioneers invites you to attend the ,golden ,jubilee ,celebration of our ,state1 and to accept the hospitality of the ,society in ,san ,francisco1 from the #bbnd till the #cast of ,january1 #ahih4 ,enclosed find a pass from the ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 ,r4 ,co41 for your passage from ,ogden to ,san ,francisco and return4 ,we send you today by ,wells1 ,fargo ,co4's ,express1 fifteen dollars in coin to pay for your sleeping berth and meals on the way4 ,we have engaged a lower berth for you on the ,pullman car which leaves ,ogden on the night of ,thursday1 the #bjth instant4 ,the reception committee will meet you on the ,oakland boat on the morning of ,saturday1 the #bbnd1 and will wear the badge of the ,society4 ,should you miss seeing them you will go to the ,russ ,house1 where we have engaged rooms and board for you4 ,should you not be able to come1 please return the enclosed railroad pass1 and notify the ticket agent at ,ogden that you will not use the sleeping berth4 ,yours truly1 ,j4 ,i4 ,,spear1 ,secretary4 ,p4 ,s4--,we have arranged to have your railroad pass extended for thirty days if you wish it4 ,s4 ,like my ,mormon ,battalion companions who were with me on the memorable #bdth of ,january1 #ahdh1 ,i could not but feel highly gratified at the courtesy extended1 and look forward with pleasure to the commemoration1 under so favorable circumstances and with such marvelous progress as ,california had made in civilization1 of the fiftieth anniversary of a notable event1 which at the time of its occurrence1 came to us in the midst of hardships1 fatigue and almost exile from home and relatives1 yet was a world-wonder in the results which followed the announcement to the world of ,california's great gold discovery4 ,,chapter ,,lxviii4 ,,trip ,,to ,,california--,,met ,,by ,,the ,,committee ,,on ,,reception ,,of ,,the ,,society ,,of ,,california ,,pioneers--,,received ,,with ,,great ,,cordiality--,,honored ,,guests ,,at ,,california',s ,,golden ,,jubilee--,,the ,,celebration--,,courtesies ,,extended ,,to ,,mormon ,,battalion ,,members ,,present ,,at ,,the ,,discovery ,,of ,,gold--,,return ,,home--,,resolutions ,,by ,,society ,,of ,,california ,,pioneers--,,report ,,of ,,reception ,,committee ,,of ,,california ,,golden ,,jubilee--,,sketch ,,of ,,marshall',s ,,surviving ,,companions--,,complete ,,my ,,autobiography--,,my ,,son ,,homer ,,accidentally ,,killed--,,the ,,old ,,folks--,,publication ,,of ,,life ,,of ,a ,,pioneer--,,conclusion4 ,,in response to the invitation from the ,society of ,california ,pioneers1 ,i left ,salt ,lake ,city on ,january #bj1 #ahih1 in company with ,henry ,w4 ,bigler1 ,azariah ,smith and ,wm4 ,j4 ,johnston1 who1 like myself1 were guests of the ,society4 ,we reached ,oakland1 ,california1 ,january #bb1 and were met by ,mr4 ,john ,h4 ,jewett1 president of the society1 and a committee consisting of ,messrs4 ,john ,s4 ,hittell1 ,almarin ,b4 ,paul1 ,general ,wm4 ,h4 ,pratt1 and ,misses ,anna ,p4 ,green and ,mary ,m4 ,green4 ,the ladies pinned badges of the ,society of ,california ,pioneers on the lapels of our coats4 ,we were received with the greatest cordiality1 and were taken to the ,russ ,house1 ,san ,francisco1 where we were comfortably lodged1 being shown special consideration by the proprietor and his amiable wife1 and from that time on we were given the best of attention4 ,nothing that could be done was too good for us1 and language fails to express our high appreciation of the courtesy and kindness bestowed4 ,whenever we attended any of the functions of ,california's ,golden ,jubilee ,celebration1 or desired to visit a place1 carriages were at our service4 ,january #bdth was the fiftieth anniversary of the discovery of gold at ,sutter's mill race1 and there was a magnificent pageant in celebration of the event4 ,we occupied the post of distinction in the procession1 our carriage bearing the legend1 ,companions of ,marshall4 ,we were the only survivors of that notable occasion1 fifty years before4 ,the place of honor was also accorded to us at the celebration ceremonies in the evening at ,wood's ,pavilion1 and on the #bgth we were at a reception in ,pioneer ,hall1 and greeted the multitudes1 old and young1 anxious to see and shake hands with us2 and at the ,mining ,fair our treatment was characterized by the same cordial and distinguished welcome4 ,the celebration ceremonies lasted the entire week4 ,when at our hotel we were besieged by reporters1 and hundreds of people called to see us1 and get our autographs4 ,our photographs also were taken for the ,society of ,pioneers4 ,outside of the celebration proper1 there was the same magnanimous kindness4 ,i could not name all the citizens who extended to us marked courtesies1 but feel that ,i must specially mention ,captain ,john ,t4 ,mc,kenzie of the steamer ,san ,rafael1 who was very attentive1 also ,hon4 ,irving ,scott1 manager of the great ,union ,iron ,works1 at which place we had a particularly interesting visit and entertainment4 ,two of my companions started home on ,january #cast1 and the third on ,february #bnd4 ,i stayed a few days longer1 visiting my brother at ,petaluma4 ,i also went to many other places of interest1 then returned home1 all expenses of my journey being provided4 ,a few days later ,i received the following3 ,,executive ,,department1 ,,the ,,society ,,of ,,california ,,pioneers1 ,,no4 #e1 ,,pioneer ,,place1 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,california1 ,february #i1 #ahih1 ,james ,s4 ,brown1 ,esq41 ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah3 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,i have the honor of advising you that at the monthly meeting of the members of the ,society held at ,pioneer ,hall on ,monday1 ,february #g1 #ahih1 the following resolutions were unanimously adopted3 ,whereas1 ,the ,golden ,jubilee just passed marks the second grand event as connected with the first discovery of gold in ,california1 and as all pioneers feel gratified at the universal desire of the people to pay tribute to the pioneer days1 now be it ,resolved1 ,that the ,society of ,california ,pioneers tenders its thanks to the press generally2 to the state and city officials2 to the military as a body2 to the various mining associations2 to the ,native ,daughters and ,native ,sons of the ,golden ,west1 and to the many other organizations that participated in making the grand pageant of ,january #bdth a splendid success4 ,and be it further ,resolved1 ,that the thanks of this society are also tendered to ,henry ,w4 ,bigler1 ,james ,s4 ,brown1 ,wm4 ,j4 ,johnston and ,azariah ,smith1 the companions of ,marshall1 in lending their presence for the ,jubilee2 and especially do we appreciate the efforts and labors of the executive committee of the ,golden ,jubilee1 and we also return thanks to the ,southern ,pacific ,company for complimentary passes to the four companions of ,marshall to and from ,san ,francisco and ,ogden1 also for its liberal contribution to the ,golden ,jubilee held under auspices of the society2 and also to ,irving ,m4 ,scott on part of the ,union ,iron ,works1 for the invitation to the companions of ,marshall and members of this ,society to visit the works1 and the placing at our disposal their tug for the trip1 and further for the many courtesies extended to all by the several officers connected with the works while there4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,jewett1 ,president4 ,on ,february #bjth this note came3 #acaf ,,hyde ,,street1 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,february #ah1 #ahih4 ,mr4 ,james ,s4 ,brown3 ,dear ,sir3 ,your letter of the #afth inst1 with the news that you had arrived safely at home1 has given me pleasure4 ,i felt some responsibility for my part in bringing four old men so far away from home1 but now that ,i know all have arrived in good health at ,salt ,lake1 ,i congratulate myself that events have turned out so favorably4 ,i have had no letter from ,mr4 ,bigler or ,mr4 ,smith1 but they will write to me4 ,i spoke promptly to ,mr4 ,spear1 the secretary1 about sending fifteen dollars to pay for the expenses of your return trip1 and ,i understood him to promise that the money would be transmitted to you by check4 ,the ,pioneer ,society will long preserve a pleasant recollection of the participation of the four companions of ,marshall in our ,jubilee celebration1 and personally ,i shall always be glad to hear of their welfare4 ,yours truly1 ,,john ,s4 ,,hittell4 ,here is the closing communication in relation to my latest visit to ,california and the occasion which caused it3 ,san ,francisco1 ,march #i1 #ahih4 ,mr4 ,james ,s4 ,brown1 ,salt ,lake ,city3 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,enclosed please find a copy of the report of the reception committee of the ,golden ,jubilee3 ,to ,john ,h4 ,jewett1 ,president of the ,california ,pioneers3 ,the reception committee appointed by the ,society to receive its guests attending the celebration of the ,golden ,jubilee on the #bdth of ,january last1 begs leave to report that its task has been completed4 ,on the morning of ,january #bbnd all the members of the committee received and welcomed the four companions of ,marshall on the overland train at ,oakland1 and escorted them to the ,russ ,house1 where1 under the direction of ,president ,john ,h4 ,jewett1 they were provided with comfortable accommodations4 ,these four men1 the only survivors of those who were with ,marshall at ,coloma when he discovered gold there on ,monday1 the #bdth of ,january1 #ahdh1 are3 ,i4 ,henry ,w4 ,bigler1 born in ,harrison ,county1 ,west ,virginia1 ,august #bhth1 #ahae1 who in his diary made the only written record of the gold discovery on the day of its occurrence4 ,he is now a resident of ,st4 ,george1 ,utah4 #b4 ,azariah ,smith1 born at ,boylston1 ,new ,york1 on the #ast of ,august1 #ahbh1 who1 on the first ,sunday after the discovery1 wrote in his diary that gold had been found in the preceding week4 #c4 ,james ,s4 ,brown1 born in ,davison ,county1 ,north ,carolina1 on the #dth of ,july1 #ahbh1 who recollects that on the evening of ,january #bdth1 #ahdh1 ,h4 ,w4 ,bigler said he would write in his diary that something like gold had been discovered1 as it might be important some day4 ,he resides in ,salt ,lake ,city4 #d4 ,wm4 ,j4 ,johnston1 born near ,new ,baltimore1 ,ohio1 on the #bast of ,august1 #ahbd1 and now resides in ,ramah1 ,new ,mexico4 ,these four men are all clear in mind1 and for their years1 strong and active in body4 ,in the procession on the #bdth they occupied a carriage marked ',companions of ,marshall4' ,on the evening of that day1 they were entertained in our hall with special honor1 and two days later they held a reception in the same place4 ,various members of our ,society1 and especially ,captain ,mc,kenzie1 showed them much attention4 ,they were guests of honor at the ,mining ,fair on the opening evening4 ,hon4 ,irving ,m4 ,scott1 manager of the ,union ,iron ,works1 gave them a special entertainment at his shipyard2 and other citizens contributed to make their stay in our city pleasant4 ,the whole ,jubilee week was a round of festivity for them4 ,messrs4 ,bigler and ,smith were escorted to their returning train at ,oakland on the #cast of ,january4 ,mr4 ,johnston two days later1 and ,mr4 ,brown in the next succeeding week4 ,they all reached their homes safely1 and all have written to members of the committee acknowledging the attention and honor shown to them by the ,society of ,california ,pioneers4 ,as they are the only persons now living who saw gold in the days of its discovery1 their attendance at our semi-centennial celebration connected our ,jubilee in a highly interesting manner with the great event which it commemorated4 ,we may add that personal acquaintance with these venerable men has been a source of pleasure to all members of this committee1 as well as to many other ,pioneers4 ,respectfully submitted1 ,,john ,s4 ,,hittell1 ,chairman4 ,,almarin ,b4 ,,paul1 ,w4 ,h4 ,,pratt4 ,upon my return home1 ,i again gave attention to this autobiography1 which proved no light task1 as my health has been far from good4 ,on the #adth of ,december1 #ahii1 a keen sorrow came to myself and family4 ,my son ,homer1 in his twenty-sixth year1 died on that date1 as a result of injuries received at a cave-in at the ,silver ,king mine1 ,park ,city1 ,utah1 three weeks before4 ,when war broke out between ,spain and the ,united ,states in #ahih1 he enlisted in response to ,president ,mc,kinley's call for volunteers1 and became a member of ,troop ,c1 ,utah ,volunteer ,cavalry4 ,after his return from ,california1 where the cavalry was sent1 he was married1 the event occurring two months before the accident which cost him his life4 ,on ,december #ai1 he was buried in ,salt ,lake ,city1 the funeral services being held at the ,seventeenth ,ward assembly rooms4 ,in the summer of #ahih1 ,i was added to the list of ,utah's ,old ,folks1 attending the excursion to ,lagoon1 ,davis ,county1 in ,july1 #ahih1 to ,geneva1 ,utah ,county1 in ,july1 #ahii1 and again at ,lagoon on ,july #f1 #aijj4 ,the ,old ,folks include all people over seventy years of age1 independent of creed1 race or color2 these are accorded receptions1 excursions1 and similar happy courtesies1 as marks of honor and respect to the aged4 ,the central committee having this highly appreciated undertaking in charge has for its chairman the ,presiding ,bishop of the ,church of ,jesus ,christ of ,latter-day ,saints4 ,by the close of #ahii1 ,i had completed the preparation of my life's history for publication in a neat volume1 and soon thereafter arranged for the printing1 which at this date1 ,july1 #aijj1 is accomplished4 ,now that ,i have reached the seventy-second annual milestone of my life1 ,i realize that the period for especially notable or thrilling events in my mortal career is past2 and in the publication of my autobiography1 ,i sincerely trust that this humble final extended labor on my part will achieve the principle aim of its performance1 that of doing good to those who live after me1 in the witness its record bears of the mercy1 power1 and goodness of ,god1 and the latter-day progress of ,his great and loving design for the blessing and salvation of ,his children4 ,with this attainment1 the influence of the record1 ,,life ,,of ,a ,,pioneer1 will be in accord with the sincere desire and earnest effort of my soul throughout life4