,transcribed from the #ahbf ,j4 ,chilcott edition by ,david ,price1 email ccx#jgdpglaf4org ,picture3 ,pamphlet cover ,no4 ,,xxxi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,church of ,england ,tract ,society1 ,instituted in ,,bristol1 #ahaa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,short ,,reasons ,,for ,,communion ,with the ,church of ,england2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,churchman',s ,,answer ,,to ,,the ,,question1 8,,why ,,are ,,you ,a ,,member ,,of ,,the ,,established ,,church80 99 99 99 99 99 8,endeavouring to keep the unity of the ,spirit in the bond of peace40--,ephes4 iv4 #c4 8,beseeching ,thee to inspire continually the universal ,church with the spirit of truth1 unity1 and concord2 and grant that all they that do confess ,thy holy name1 may agree in the truth of ,thy holy word1 and live in unity and godly love40 ,com4 ,service4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sold at the ,,depository1 #f1 ,clare ,street1 ,,bristol2 ,and by ,,seeley and ,,son1 #afi1 ,fleet ,street1 ,,london4 ,price #a;d4 each1 or #fs4 #h;d4 per ,hundred4 ,picture3 ,hand with finger pointing right ,an ,allowance to ,subscribers and ,booksellers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j4 ,chilcott1 ,printer1 #cj1 ,wine ,street1 ,bristol4 #ahbf4 99 99 99 99 99 8,o ,,almighty ,god1 who hast built ,thy ,church upon the foundation of the ,apostles and ,prophets1 ,jesus ,christ ,himself being the head corner-stone2 grant us so to be joined together in unity of spirit by their doctrine1 that we may be made a holy temple acceptable unto ,thee1 through ,jesus ,christ our ,lord4 ,amen40 ,,collect ,for ,st4 ,simon and ,st4 ,jude's ,day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,short ,,reasons ,,for ,,communion ,,with ,,the ,,church ,,of ,,england1 c4 ,,reason ,i4 ,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 not ,,merely because my parents and forefathers were members of her community4 ,,the connexion which my parents and forefathers held with the ,church of ,england ,i consider to be a sufficient reason why ,i should continue in communion with her1 if there be nothing contrary to the law of ,god in such a connexion4 ,for the fifth commandment peremptorily requires me to 8honour my father and mother20 and1 assuredly1 this duty implies reverence to their example1 if that example be not inconsistent with the rule of ,god's holy word4 ,but as a man's parents and forefathers may have been members of a communion1 a continuance in which would be manifestly contrary to the word of ,god 7as1 for instance1 if a man were born of ,popish or ,socinian parents27 ,i therefore say1 that 8,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 not ,,merely because my parents and forefathers were members of her community40 ,,reason ,,ii4 ,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 not ,,merely because she is ancient and venerable4 ,,her antiquity is a sufficient reason to justify my continuance in her communion1 if it can be shown that nothing materially differing from the primitive and apostolic ,church1 in doctrine or discipline1 has1 in the long course of her existence1 been introduced into her constitution4 ,for the more ancient any ,church can prove to be1 the nearer is the approach to the source of ,divine authority and sanction4 ,now the ,church of ,england existed long before her corruption by popery2 and the labours and sufferings of her ,martyrs in the sixteenth century were employed1 not in planting a new ,church1 but in correcting gross abuses in one which had been long established4 ,they are therefore called ,reformers4 ,the ,church of ,england1 as is highly probable1 was planted by ,st4 ,paul2 and we know from credible history1 that there was a church in ,britain during the apostolic age1 and that there were bishops who presided in it soon after that period4 ,but as that which is ancient may have been corrupted1 antiquity alone would not fully justify my continuance in any visible ,church1 though it strongly enforces the necessity of earnestness and diligence in inquiring about the reality and nature of the supposed corruption1 before ,i venture to quit the ,church of which ,i have been made by baptism a member4 ,,reason ,,iii4 ,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 not ,,merely because she is established by law4 ,,this1 like the two former reasons1 is a sufficient one to enforce my continuance in communion with the ,church of ,england1 unless she be found1 after due inquiry1 to be contrary1 in her constitution or doctrines1 to the word of ,god4 ,for ,i am required to 8submit myself to every ordinance of man for the ,lord's sake40 ,nothing can justify my departure from a church so established1 but the well-known decision in cases where the law of ,god and the law of man are in opposition to each other4 ,in any such case the duty is clear to 8obey ,god rather than man40 ,such an opposition may exist between human laws and the law of ,god2 and therefore 8,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 not ,,merely because she is established by law40 ,,reason ,,iv4 ,but ,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 because her government is episcopal1 i4e4 by ,bishops2 this being the mode of ,church government which existed in the primitive ,church1 and was founded by the ,apostles of our ,lord4 ,,in stating reasons for conformity which are to be comprised within a few pages1 it is impossible to enter at large into the proof of the fact here asserted1 viz4 that the primitive church as founded by the ,apostles of our ,lord1 was episcopal2 or1 in other words1 that the power of ordination and government in the church was vested by the ,apostles in officers superior to the order of ,presbyters1 and who are now called by the name of ,bishops4 ,i must therefore only state a few circumstances1 which are capable of being clearly proved1 without producing the evidence on which my belief of them is built4 #a4 ,episcopal government1 as established in the ,church of ,england1 has all the authority in its favour which prescription or long usage can give it4 ,the most learned of its adversaries have never been able to fix on any period in the ,christian ,church1 from the time of the ,apostles to the ,reformation1 in which the ordination of men to the ministry of the gospel was considered to be vested in any other minister or ministers than a ,bishop4 #b4 ,all the instances of ordination1 recorded in the ,new ,testament1 are in favour of ,episcopacy4 ,for there is no single instance of ordination1 on record there1 performed by presbyters1 or at least without the presence and co-operation of some officer superior to presbyters4 #c4 ,all the directions concerning ordination1 given in the ,new ,testament1 are addressed to persons superior to presbyters4 ,such1 confessedly1 were ,timothy and ,titus2 and to them only are any such directions given4 #d4 ,the ,apostles1 at their decease1 left the government of the several churches which they had planted1 and the ordination of their ministers1 in the hands of fixed ,bishops4 ,it may be granted that1 during the life-time of the ,apostles1 the title ,bishops1 was common to all presbyters1 and that this name was not confined to an officer superior to presbyters till after their decease4 ,for it is not the name but the office about which ,i am inquiring4--,it moreover appears that1 during the life of the ,apostles1 some churches had each its settled ,bishop1 as the seven churches of ,asia1 who are addressed in their several epistles through the medium of an individual2 7,rev4 ii4 #c47 and that of ,crete1 where ,titus was left by ,st4 ,paul4 7,titus i4 #b47 ,other churches however had none as yet settled among them1 being under the immediate government of the ,apostles1 who frequently visited or sent to them1 and either themselves1 or by other superior officers1 ordained ministers for them4 ,but immediately after the death of the ,apostles there was1 in every church1 an officer superior to presbyters1 who was called by way of distinction a ,bishop4 ,this we learn from express testimonies in the remaining writings of men who lived in the time of the ,apostles2 such as ,clemens ,romanus1 mentioned in ,phil4 iv4 #c4--;,ignatius1 ,bishop of ,antioch1 who suffered martyrdom in the year #ajg2 and ,polycarp1 ,bishop of ,smyrna1 who was burned in the year #afg1 aged one hundred years or more4 ,these excellent apostolic men have expressly spoken in their epistles of ,bishops1 ,priests1 and ,deacons1 as the stated officers of the ,christian ,churches1 assigning to the former the prerogatives or rights of government and ordination in their several districts4 ,besides this1 ancient historians of the church have given lists of successive ,bishops1 that is1 of individual presidents1 in several of the more important churches1 reaching up to the very time of the ,apostles4 ,now it is not to be supposed that1 immediately after the death of the ,apostles1 any innovation or change1 so important and invidious as that of episcopal government1 would or could have been introduced2 or that1 supposing it to be destitute of apostolic sanction1 its introduction should produce no opposition4 ,much less is it to be supposed that such men as ,clemens1 ,ignatius1 and ,polycarp1 the disciples and friends of the ,apostles1 would have suffered such an innovation to be introduced1 and have mentioned it in the highest terms of approbation4 ,but the truth is1 that they speak of the three orders of ,bishops1 ,priests1 and ,deacons1 in the ,christian ,church as conformed to the three ranks of ministers in the ,jewish ,church1 the ,high ,priests1 the common ,priests1 and the ,levites1 #h--;as ordained by ,christ himself1 and as existing even during ,his own ministry1 ,he himself acting as the great ,bishop1 ,his ,apostles as ,his ,presbyters1 and the seventy disciples as ,his ,deacons3 and as at length established in the universal ,church by apostolic authority and usage4 ,on this ground then ,i justify my continuance in the ,church of ,england1 viz4 its conformity in this important branch of its constitution to the primitive and apostolic church4 ,but ,i wish it to be understood that ,i assign my reasons for such a continuance1 not with a view to the conversion of those to my sentiments who are not members of our church2 but merely for the purpose of showing that ,i do not act without reason1 and of confirming those who are members of our own church1 but have not had an opportunity of obtaining information on the subject under consideration1--of confirming them in their attachment to that church1 which ,i consider to be 8built10 in its constitution as well as its doctrines1 8on the foundation of the ,apostles and ,prophets1 ,jesus ,christ ,himself being the chief corner-stone40 ,from ,,him all authority descends2 for in ,,him1 as 8the head of ,his body the church10 it is all vested by ,divine appointment4 8,all power is given unto me in heaven and upon earth4--,go ye therefore and teach 7or make disciples of7 all nations1 baptising them in the name of the ,father1 the ,son1 and the ,holy ,ghost40 ,thus ,he handed down the authority ,he had received to ,his ,apostles2 they transmitted it to their immediate successors2 and so it has descended to the ,bishops or chief pastors of the church in our own day4 ,without wishing to interfere with the right of private judgment which belongs to every man1 and for the exercise of which he is accountable to ,god only2 ,i own that ,i cannot see how the ,christian ,church as a visible society1 could have been continued in the world without such a communication of ,divine authority4 ,,reason ,v4 ,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 because her doctrines are fixed by articles of ,religion1 which appear to me to be derived from and perfectly conformable to the ,scriptures of ,truth4 ,i ,,am fully aware that some among the ministers of the church to which ,i belong1 may have entered into her service without understanding or fully approving the articles to which they subscribed their assent and consent1 and consequently may preach doctrines differing from those of the church whose ministers they are4 ,the possibility of the supposed case appears from the painful necessity1 under which a late ,bishop of ,london was laid1 of depriving an unsound clergyman of his office4 ,but such ministers cannot do this without exposing their own ignorance or hypocrisy2 nor can their own unbelief make the faith of the church of no effect4 ,these articles ,i consider to be the bulwark of orthodoxy or true doctrine in our church1--the means of her preservation from apostacy in the lowest state of spiritual life to which she has been or may be reduced1 and of providing for her recovery from such a state whenever ,god is pleased to breathe upon her4 ,a declaration or subscription to the truth of the ,bible would afford no security1 as all who bear the ,christian name1 however heretical or unsound in opinion1 pretend to derive their creed from the word of ,god4 ,i conceive therefore that it is of high importance to have the principal articles of the ,christian faith embodied in such a way1 that no heretic can1 without manifest dishonesty1 subscribe to them4 ,if the incumbent or minister of any parish be thus dishonest1 having subscribed to what he never cordially believed1 and preaching doctrines contrary to the articles he has subscribed1 when his incumbency or ministry in that parish ceases by death or any other cause1 the articles of the church remain in full force4 ,but if no such test existed1 and if the election to church preferment were vested in the people1 a single incumbency might so corrupt the opinions of the congregation as to perpetuate heresy from generation to generation4 ,i continue therefore in the communion of the ,church of ,england1 because she has fixed principles1 and those principles are1 in my judgment1 scriptural and 8according to godliness40 ,,reason ,,vi4 ,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 because her mode of worship is primitive and scriptural1 and in my judgment best calculated to promote general and individual edification4 8,mr4 ,wheatly has proved 7referring us to the testimonies of ,josephus1 ,philo1 ,paul ,fagius1 c47 that the ancient ,jews did always worship ,god in public by precomposed forms4 ,dr4 ,lightfoot not only affirms the same thing1 but sets down both the order and method of their hymns and supplications4 ,now it appears from the general tenour of the four ,gospels1 and particularly from ,luke iv4 #af4 that our ,saviour habitually attended at the service of the ,temple1 or of the ,synagogue1 on every ,sabbath-day4 #ab;a ,he therefore1 by this act1 from week to week1 gave a public sanction to all the ,jewish forms of ,divine worship4 ,and had it been otherwise1 the ,scribes and ,pharisees1 ,his implacable foes and persecutors1 would not have failed to load ,him with their severest reproaches1 as an open enemy to all godliness4 ,he lived and died a member of the ,jewish ,church4 ,he moreover gave a set form of prayer to ,his ,apostles1 which has ever since been used in the ,christian ,church4 ,and it is evident from many passages in the book of their acts1 that they also1 in conformity to ,his ,divine example1 did attend on the service both of the ,temple and ,synagogue2 and it is expressly said1 7,acts xvii4 #b47 that it was #8the manner' of ,paul so to do4 ,the apostolic practice is therefore another sanction to the same religious institution4 8,mr4 ,wheatly has also shown1 by sundry appeals to ancient ,christian writers1 that the three first centuries joined in the use of precomposed set forms of prayer1 besides the ,lord's prayer and ,psalms2 and that these were styled by so early a writer as ,justin ,martyr1 who died in the year of our ,lord #afc1 #8,common ,prayers2' by ,origen1 #8,constituted ,prayers2' and by ,cyprian1 #8,solemn ,prayers4'--,from hence the inference is fairly drawn1 that a liturgy composed for public use1 is warranted by the practice of our ,saviour1 of ,his ,apostles1 and of the primitive ,christians40 #ab;b ,,reason ,,vii4 ,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 because her ,liturgy is scriptural in its doctrine1 plain in its style1 comprehensive in its addresses to the throne of mercy1 and therefore adapted to general use4 ,,in confirmation of this reason1 ,i shall content myself with the declaration of one1 whose testimony may have the more weight in consequence of his being unconnected with the ,church whose liturgy he has extolled1 the eloquent and candid ,robert ,hall4 ,at the ,leicester ,bible ,society he spoke thus of our ,liturgy4 8,i believe that the evangelical purity of its sentiments1 the chastised fervour of its devotion1 and the majestic simplicity of its language1 have placed it in the very first rank of uninspired compositions40 ,,reason ,,viii4 ,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 because a separation from her1 without a sufficient reason1 would1 in my opinion1 be a great sin4 8,,there is1 undeniably1 such a sin as schism1 against which we are precautioned in the ,new ,testament1 as being one proof of carnality in a religious professor1 7#a ,cor4 iii4 #c47 and as being diametrically opposite to the duty of #8endeavouring to keep the unity of the ,spirit in the bond of peace'40 8,by schism we are to understand a causeless secession from our ,church1 into the communion of which we have been solemnly admitted by baptism4 ,and that such a secession would be causeless on our part1 is evident from this simple consideration1 that our ,church neither proposes to our faith any doctrine which is not evidently contained in the ,scripture2 nor obtrudes on us any practice which the ,scriptures forbids1 nor restrains us from the observation of any rule which the ,scripture enjoins40 #ad ,it is not1 in my humble opinion1 a sufficient reason for a separation from the general ,church to which ,i belong1 that the gospel is not preached from the pulpit of the particular place in which ,i live4 ,to admit for argument sake1 the worst case that can occur1 viz4 that a ,socinian clergyman had1 through his own hypocrisy in subscription1 got possession of the pulpit of my parish2 my removal from that parish to another1 if ,i could find no other way of remedying the calamity1 would be a less evil than the act of separation1 and the encouragement of a spirit of division in the ,church of ,christ4 ,the word of ,god prohibits my making such a division2 but it no where forbids me to make any sacrifice of temporal emolument or accommodation for the benefit of my own soul1 or the souls of my family4 ,,reason ,,ix4 ,i maintain communion with the ,church of ,england1 because ,i have discovered no sufficient reason for a separation from her4 ,i ,,wish it to be distinctly understood that ,i judge no man1 however his views of this subject may differ from my own4 ,every man must act according to the guidance of his own conscience1 after having seriously and diligently used all the means within his reach1 by reading and prayer1 to obtain information and direction4 ,it is not to those who conscientiously dissent from our communion that ,i address my reasons2 but to those of my own ,church4 ,and if any of these should be confirmed in their attachment to her by reading my short statement of the grounds on which my own conduct is built1 ,i shall have attained the only end ,i have had in view1 and rejoice in my success4 ,,conclusion4 ,,let not my brother churchman1 however1 satisfy himself with being a member of the visible ,church2 but let him examine himself whether he be a living branch in the true vine1 united to ,christ by faith1 and bringing forth the fruits of righteousness by virtue of union with ,him4 ,let him inquire whether he have ever experienced conversion to ,god1--whether his heart have been humbled1 spiritualized1 and comforted by those doctrines which he professes to believe as derived from ,scripture1 and by that worship in which he professes to join as being primitive and 8according to godliness40 ,let him remember the solemn words of ,him1 who is the ,founder1 ,head1 and ,judge of the ,christian ,church4 ,at the close of ,his awful parable of the ten virgins1 ,he represents the foolish virgins1 who had lamps without oil1 as coming to the door of the guest-chamber1 and saying 8,lord1 ,lord1 open to us40 ,but the ,bridegroom answers1 8,verily1 ,i say unto you1 ,i know you not40 ,let him also remember the sentence passed on the guest at the marriage feast in the gospel who had not on the wedding garment4 7,matt4 xxii4 #a1 c47 8,i am therefore to consider that all are not ,israel that are of ,israel2 all were not ,jews that were circumcised2 all are not ,christians that have been brought by baptism into the ,church2 for many are called but few are chosen4 ,under the present state of things1 bad and good are together at the marriage feast of the gospel2 and many of those that are now called to be among the rest will not be chosen at the last as fit for the kingdom of ,god4 ,i am therefore not to depend upon any privileges ,i have at present1 unless ,i use them right2 and must give all diligence to make my calling and election sure40 #af 99 99 99 99 99 ,,finis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,church ,,of ,,england ,,tract ,,society ,,has ,,published ,two ,dialogues between ,thomas ,steady and ,william ,candid about going to ,church4--,extracts from the ,epistle of ,st4 ,clements to the ,corinthians4--,arguments in favour of ,infant ,baptism2 with ,extracts from ,bishop ,bradford's ,sermon on ,baptismal and ,spiritual ,regeneration4--,the ,churchman ,instructed in the ,book of ,common ,prayer4--,the ,churchman's ,directory in the ,study of the ,holy ,scriptures2 or ,helps in reading and hearing the daily ,lessons1 the ,psalms1 and the ,epistles and ,gospels in the ,church ,service1 c4 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j4 ,chilcott1 ,printer1 #cj1 ,wine ,street1 ,bristol4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes4 #h ,the government of every synagogue seems to have borne some resemblance of the general ecclesiastical establishment in the ,jewish ,church4 ,for there were fixed ministers to take care of the religious duties to be performed therein2 and these were by imposition of hands solemnly admitted to their office4 ,he who presided is called in the ,new ,testament ,archysynagogus1 or the ruler of the ,synagogue4 ,this word is sometimes used in a larger sense1 for any one of the officers who had power in the affairs of the synagogue4 ,thus1 7,acts xiii4 #ae47 we read of the rulers of one synagogue1 as we also read 7,luke iii4 #b47 that ,annas and ,caiaphas were contemporary ,high ,priests1 though we know that in a strict sense there could be but one who bore that office4 ,but generally and properly the word ,archysynagogus describes the president1 or chief of the officers of the synagogue2 as ,luke xiii4 #ad4 and ,acts xviii4 #h1 #ag4 ,next to the ,archysynagogus were the ,elders or presbyters of the ,synagogue4 ,the person whose office it was to offer up public prayer to ,god for the whole congregation1 was probably one of these4 ,he was called ,sheliac ,zibbor1 that is1 the ,angel of the ,church1 because as their messenger1 he spoke to ,god for them4 ,hence the pastors of the seven churches of ,asia1 in the book of the ,revelation1 are called by a name borrowed from the ,synagogue1 8,angels of the ,churches40 ,under these were inferior officers in every ,synagogue1 called in ,hebrew ,chezanim1 who were also fixed ministers1 and under the rulers of the ,synagogue1 had the charge and oversight of all things in it4 ,the deacon is mentioned in ,luke iv4 #bj4 ,in every instance1 so far as ,i have observed1 our ,lord adopted the institutions of the ,jewish ,church1 unless they were inapplicable to ,his new dispensation4 8,to the end we may understand apostolical tradition to have been taken from the ,old ,testament2 that which ,aaron1 and his sons1 and the ,levites were in the ,temple1 ,bishops1 ,presbyters1 and ,deacons in the ,church may lawfully challenge to themselves40--,st4 ,hierom1 ,ep4 #he4 #ab;a ,the liturgy of the ,jewish ,church1 in which our ,lord and ,his ,apostles joined may be found in ,prideaux's ,connection of the ,old and ,new ,testament4 #ab;b ,hart's ,answer to ,gill's ,reasons4 #ad ,hart's ,answer to ,gill's ,reasons4 #af ,rev4 ,william ,jones's ,works1 vol4 xi4