,decoration ,,the ,,voiage ,,and ,,travayle ,,of ,,sir ,,john ,,maundeville1 ,,knight4 ,decoration ,,the ,,voiage ,,and ,,travayle ,,of ,,sir ,,john ,,maundeville ,,knight ,,which ,,treateth ,,of ,,the ,,way ,,toward ,,hierusalem ,,and ,,of ,,marvayles ,,of ,,inde ,,with ,,other ,,ilands ,,and ,,countreys ,,edited1 ,,annotated1 ,,and ,,illustrated ,,in ,,facsimile ,,by ,,john ,,ashton ,author of ,chap ,books of the #ahth ,century1 ,social ,life in the ,reign of ,queen ,anne1 ,english ,caricature and ,satire on ,napoleon ,i41 c4 ,illustration3 ,logo ,,london ,,pickering ,,chatto #ff1 ,,haymarket #ahhg ,,chiswick ,,press3--,c4 ,,whittingham ,,and ,,co41 ,,tooks ,,court1 ,,chancery ,,lane4 ,decoration ,,preface4 ,i ,,have edited1 and illustrated ,the ,voiage and ,travayle of ,syr ,john ,maundeville1 ,knight1 for two reasons4 ,first1 that a popular edition has not been published for many years--so much so1 that many otherwise well educated people hardly know his name2 or1 if they do1 have never read his book of ,marvels4 ,secondly1 a good edition has not yet been published4 ,putting aside the chap-books of the eighteenth century1 which could only cram a small portion of his book into their little duodecimos1 the only ,english versions of this century are the reprint by ,halliwell1 in #ahci1 of the reprint in #agbe-agbg1 of the early fifteenth century ,,ms4 7,cotton1 ,tit4 c4 #af71 which he again reprinted in #ahff1a the edition in ,bohn's ,classical ,library 7,early ,travels in ,palestine71 #ahdh2 and ,the ,english ,explorers1 which forms part of ,nimmo's ,national ,library1 #ahge4 ,there was also a small edition published in ,cassell's ,national ,library in #ahhf in modern ,english4 ,halliwell's reprint of the ,cotton ,,ms4 is open to objection1 because the language of the ,,ms4 is specially rude1 and can only be understood by professed antiquaries1 no footnotes explanatory of the text being given1 only a glossary at the end of the book4 ,also1 ,mr4 ,halliwell has taken his illustrations from various sources1 not confining himself to ,english woodcuts--the ,cotton ,,ms4 having no illustrations4 ,if1 however1 the language in ,halliwell's edition is too archaic1 ,bohn and ,nimmo err in the opposite direction4 ,without illustrations1 and clothed in modern ,english1 they are bald in the extreme2 whilst the editors of both have not been over careful to closely copy the text4 ,seeing these difficulties1 and dearly loving ,sir ,john1 in spite of his romancing1 ,i cast about for a book which should fulfil the conditions of an edition ,i should like for my own reading2 which should have the spice of the old language1 without being unreadable1 like the ,cotton ,,ms41 and which contained the original quaint illustrations4 ,this ,i have found in a reprint of ,pynson's unique edition 7now in the ,grenville ,library1 ,british ,museum71 from which it varies very slightly1 except in the modernizing of the language1 which is rather an advantage2 and which1 by means of the copious footnotes ,i have made1 will1 ,i hope1 be easily read by anybody4 ,this edition1 too1 was particularly rich in woodcuts1 which ,i have faithfully facsimiled2 and1 in the ,appendix1 ,i have reproduced a few from other editions1 showing the different treatment of some subjects4 ,in the ,appendix1 also1 ,i have given a list of all the editions of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's ,travels now in the ,british ,museum4 ,a glance at this will show how popular his book was1 in all civilized countries1 and in all ages1 since its first publication4#b ,i have thought that an edition should be produced which could be read by all1 and therefore have given explanations of words and facts1 perfectly familiar to advanced students1 by means of which they will not be inconvenienced1 and the general reader much benefited4 ,perhaps the ,illustrations in one or two of the early foreign editions are quainter1 but ,i wanted1 and have got1 a thoroughly representative ,english ,edition1 which gives ,sir ,john's adventures1 with their concomitant ,travellers' ,tales1 without the apocryphal stories which were introduced into some of the ,,mss4 and foreign editions4 ,of ,east1 the printer of the exemplar ,i have chosen1 very little is known2 and1 curiously1 he is ignored in ,herbert and ,dibdin's edition of ,ames' ,typographical ,antiquities4 ,according to ,ames1 he was made free of the ,stationers' ,company #crd ,december1 #aefe1 and he gives his first known printed book as #aefi1 or a year later than the book ,i have copied4 ,east1 according to the same authority1 was granted a patent for ruled paper for music1 and worked both for ,bird and ,tallis4 ,the date of his death does not seem to be known1 but his widow1 or daughter1 printed a book of ,bird's music in #afaj4 ,,jno4 ,,ashton4 ,footnote #a3 ,this has again been reprinted in #ahhd4 ,footnote #b3 ,colonel ,yule1 in ,the ,book of ,ser ,marco ,polo1 c4 7#ahga71 says3--,and from the great frequency with which one encounters in catalogues both ,,mss4 and early printed editions of ,sir ,john ,maundeville1 ,i should suppose that the lying wonders of our ,english knight had a far greater popularity and more extensive diffusion than the veracious and more sober marvels of ,polo4 ,in ,quaritch's last catalogue 7,november1 #ahgj7 there is only one old edition of ,polo2 there are nine of ,maundeville4 ,in #ahci there were nineteen ,,mss4 of the latter catalogued in the ,british ,museum ,library4 ,there are now only five of ,marco ,polo4 ,at least twenty-five editions of ,maundeville1 and only five of ,polo were printed in the fifteenth century4 ,decoration ,decoration ,,introduction4 ,i ,,know of nothing more likely to be provocative of a literary war than the question of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's personal entity4 ,were ,i to express an opinion either way--that he was a real being1 or that he never existed--fierce would be the criticism on my views1 and much good ink be spilt1 which might well be devoted to a better purpose1 so that ,i prefer letting the reader form his own opinion thereon1--a course which will save everybody any trouble or vexation of spirit4 ,we labour under this difficulty--all that is known about him is what he tells us himself1 and no one who reads the book can altogether trust his absolute verity4 ,if his book is a mere compilation from other sources1 so then is that of ,odorico 7who died ,january1 #acca71 which ,i place in an ,appendix1 and which agrees with ,mandeville in so many particulars1 that one might reasonably suppose him to be the fellawe1 or companion1 whom he frequently mentions1 and connect him with that ,minorite friar from ,lombardy 7for ,odorico was born at ,udine or ,friuli7 who shrove them before their entrance into ye ,valey of ,divels4#a ,according to his own account1 he was a knight1 that he was born at ,st4 ,albans1 and that he left ,england on his wonderful voyage on #bith ,september1 #acbb4 ,he informs us that he travelled through ,asia ,minor1 ,armenia1 ,tartary1 ,persia1 ,syria1 ,arabia1 ,upper and ,lower ,egypt1 ,libya1 ,chalda1 a large portion of ,ethiopia1 ,amazonia1 ,lower ,india1 and the greater part of ,upper ,india1 together with the neighbouring islands4 ,if his narrative can be trusted1 he lived in most friendly relations with the ruler of ,egypt1 whom he served in his war against the ,bedouins1 and was on such familiar terms that they would privately argue on religious topics1 and he was even offered a richly dowered princess as a wife1 if he would but change his creed1 and become a ,mahometan4 ,if he can be believed1 he wandered all over the then known world1 and gratified his military instincts by helping the ,emperor of ,china in his war against the sovereign of ,manzi4 ,he tells us that after thirty-four years of wandering and exile he returned to ,england1 taking ,rome in his way home1 in order to get the ,pope's ,imprimatur to his book1 for which he navely gives as reason3 and1 for as much as many men beleve not that they see with theyr eyen1 or yt they may conceiue know in their mynde1 therefore ,i made my way to ,rome in my coming homewarde1 to shew my boke to the holy father the pope1 and tell him of the mervayles yt ,i had sene in diverse countreys2 so that he with his wise counsel wold examine it1 with diverse folke yt are at ,rome1 for there dwell men of all nations of the world1 and a lytle time after whan he his cousel had examined it all through1 he sayde to me for a certayne that it was true1 for he sayd he had a boke of latin contayning all that1 and much more1 of ye which ,mappa ,mundi is made1 the which boke ,i saw1 therefore the pope hath ratyfied confirmed my boke in all poyntes4 ,if any portion of this is true1 it is probable that the boke of latin may have been ,pliny1 ,solinus1 or some other equally veracious writer4 ,as to the ,mappa ,mundi constructed from such sources1 that at ,hereford may be taken as a type of ideal geography of the time4 ,this was almost contemporary with ,mandeville1 and is ascribed to the very early part of the fourteenth century4 ,indeed1 it can be proved to be of this date1 for1 among other inscriptions on the map1 is the following3- ,tuz ,ki cest estoire ont4 ,ou oyront ou lirront ou veront4 ,prieut a ihesu su deyte4 ,de ,richard de ,haldingdam e de ,lafford eyt pite4 ,ki lat fet e compasse4 ,ki ioie eu cel li seit donc4 ,which may be thus translated3-- ,all who have1 or shall have1 or shall read1 or shall see this history--pray to ,jesu in deity 7or as ,god7 that he may have pity on ,richard of ,haldingham and of ,lafford1 who has made and contrived it1 that joy in heaven may be given unto him4 ,richard of ,haldingham1 or ,holdingham1 whose real name was ,richard de la ,battayle1 or de ,bello1#b held the prebend of ,lafford 7now ,sleaford71 in ,lincoln ,cathedral up to the year #abhc1 and afterwards held the prebend of ,norton1 in ,hereford ,cathedral4 ,hardy1 in his edition of ,le ,neve's ,fasti ,ecclesi ,anglican1 says he was appointed to this stall in #acje4 ,he was afterwards preferred to the ,archidiaconate of ,berkshire4 ,perhaps the best description of this map is in a paper read before the ,geographical ,society of ,paris1 #cjth ,november1 #ahfa1 by ,m4 ,d',avezac1 ,president of the ,society1 a translation of which may be found in the ,gentleman's ,magazine of ,may1 #ahfc4 ,he considers it to have been executed early in the year #acad1 because ,lyons was not annexed to ,france till the #cjth of ,april1 #acac1 and gives other reasons1 equally strong1 in support of his argument4 ,thus1 then1 we have a contemporary map as a guide1 and on this ,hereford map are portrayed all the monsters described by ,mandeville--the one-eyed men1 those with their heads in their breasts1 even the big-footed one-legged man--all those things which are regarded as fable in ,mandeville--are here drawn1 and evidently must have been currently believed in4 ,so that when ,mandeville1 or some subsequent editor1 challenged the ,mappa ,mundi as confirmatory evidence1 he clearly knew what he was about4 ,a strong presumption of his personal being is drawn from the fact that ,lige is said to be the place of his burial1 see ,appendix ,harl41 #cehi4 #b1 qui obiit ,leodii ,a4,d4 #achb4 ,that he was believed to have lived at ,lige is also shown in ,appendix ,grenville1 #fgbh_/c1 where he is said to have written his book in the year #acee2 and if ,weever#c is to believed1 he died there1 but at an earlier date1 namely1 #acga4 ,speaking of ,st4 ,albans1 he says3 ,this ,towne vaunts her selfe very much of the birth and buriall of ,sir ,iohn ,mandeuill ,knight1 the famous ,trauailer1 who writ in ,latine1 ,french1 and in the ,english tongue1 his ,itinerary of three and thirty yeares4 ,and that you may beleeue the report of the ,inhabitants to bee true1 they haue lately pensild a rare piece of ,poetry1 or an ,epitaph for him1 vpon a piller2 neere to which1 they suppose his body to haue beene buried1 which ,i think not much amisse to set downe2 for although it will not bee worth the reading1 yet do but set it to some lofty tune1 as to the ,hunting of ,antichrist1 or the leke1 ,i know it will be well worth the singing3 marke how it runs4 ',all yee that passe1 on this pillar cast eye1 ,this ,epitaph read if you can2 ',twill tell you a ,tombe onc't stood in this roome1 ,of a braue spirited man4 ,iohn ,mandeuill by name1 a knight of great fame1 ,borne in this honoured ,towne4 ,before him was none that euer was knowne1 ,for trauaile of so high renowne4 ,as the ,knights in the ,temple1 crosse-legged in marble1 ,in armour1 with sword and with sheeld1 ,so was this ,knight grac't1 which time hath defac't1 ,that nothing but ruines doth yeeld4 ,his ,trauailes being donne1 he shines like the ,sun1 ,in heauenly ,canaan4 ,to which blessed place1 ,o ,lord of his grace ,bring vs all man after man4' ,that he was borne heere in this ,towne ,i cannot much deny2 but ,i am sure that within these few yeares1 ,i saw his ,tombe in the ,citie of ,leege1 within the ,church of the religious house of the ,guilliammits1 with this ,inscription vpon it1 and the verses following hanging by on a table4 ,hic iacet vir nobilis ,d4 ,ioannes de ,mandevile1 ,al2#d ,d4 ad ,barbam miles2 ,dominus de ,campdi3 natus de ,anglia1 ,medicine professor1 deuotissimus orator3 et bonorum largissimus pauperibus erogator qui toto quasi orbe lustrato4 ,leodij diem vite sue clausit extremum4 ,ann4 ,dom4 ,m4,c4,c4,c4lxxi4 ,mens4 ,nouemb4 die xvi4 ,,aliud4 ',hoc iacet in tumulo1 cui totus patria vino ,orbis erat2 totum quem peragrasse ferunt4 ,anglus ,equesque fuit1 nunc ille ,britannus ,vlysses ,dicatur1 ,graio clarus ,vlysse magis4 ,moribus1 ingenio1 candore1 sanguine clarus ,et vere cultor ,relligionis erat4 ,nomen si queras1 est ,mandevil1 ,indus1 ,arabsque ,sat notum dicet finibus esse suis4' ,the ,churchmen will shew you here his kniues1 the furniture of his horse1 and his spurres1 which he vsed in his trauells4 ,thus speaks ,weever1 and nobody doubts but that there was a tomb of a ,jehan de ,maundeville in the ,abbey of the ,guilelmites1#e which is mentioned by ,bollandus in his ,acta ,sanctorum 7,februarius1 ,tom4 #b1 p4 #dha1 edit4 #afeh7 as ,domus de ,motta extra ,leodium1 inchoata1 anno ,,ci,c,,cclxxxi4 ,the abbey1 or hospital1 is now destroyed2 but1 as side proofs1 let me give two extracts from different works of the eighteenth century4 ,one1 ,abrg curieux et nouveau de l'histoire de ,liege1 c4 7no date71 #bdmo41 p4 #aag4 ,l',hpital la ,chapelle de ,s4 ,guilleaume aux ,faux-bourgs de ,s4 ,walburge furent fondez l'an #accj1 and in ,abrg ,chronologique de l'histoire de ,liege1 jusqu'a l'anne #aghd1 c4 ,liege1 #aghd1 #abmo41 p4 #ff4 ,it says1 ,l'hpital la chapelle de ,saint ,guillaume au fauxbourg de ,sainte ,walburge furent fonds l'an #accj4 ,as ,i said before1 regarding ,mandeville it must be a question of faith4 ,if ,weever is to be relied on1 he was a physician1 and from the fact of his wearing a beard1 probably acquired in his eastern travels1 he received the sobriquet of ad ,barbam4 ,this title1 however1 is claimed for a certain ,jehan de ,bourgoigne dit la ,barbe1 but the bare fact of anyone wearing a beard in ,france1 in the clean-shaven fourteenth century1 was sufficient to make him remarkable4 ,if1 again1 ,weever and others are to be relied on1 he died in #acga1 and it is a curious fact that the earliest ,french1 or ,romance1 manuscript known in this country is one of that date1 and1 moreover1 it is circumstantially dated1 as will be shown hereafter4 ,this ,,ms4 is in the ,earl of ,ashburnham's collection 7catalogued ,barrois #bd71 which every lover of literature will regret was not secured for the nation in its entirety4 ,its text is most beautiful1 and the few illuminations are fine examples of fourteenth century ,french art4 ,but what ,i want particularly to point out1 is the curious coincidence of dates--absolutely contemporaneous4 ,whether there were any ,,mss4 published before then ,i cannot tell1 but here is a book published the year of his death1 when inquiry would have proved easily whether such a man had ever lived1 but the whole style of the ,,ms4 shows that he was well known as a traveller1 and it is evidently copied from an earlier edition1 as at the end it says1 ,ce livre cy fist escrire honorables homes sages et discret maistre ,gervaise crestien1 maistre en medicine1 et premier phisicien de tres puissant noble et excellent prince ,charles1 par la ,grace de ,dieu1 roy de ,france1 ,escript par ,raoulet dorliens lan de grace mil ccclxxj le xviij jour de ,septembre4 ,here we have an authentic date1 which there could be no earthly reason to falsify1 and this ,,ms4 was written--unless ,weever and others are liars--during the man's lifetime4 ,for1 according to their authority1 he did not die until ,november of that year1 and we must not fail to remember that ,liege was not a very far cry from ,paris1 and that his fame must have been great1 or his book would never have been written as a present for the king1 as it probably was4 ,this manuscript1 being the earliest known1 is also useful in another way4 ,by some singular chance1 all the ,english versions make out that ,mandeville wrote his book first in ,latin1 then in ,french1 and afterwards in ,english4 ,but this manuscript settles the point1 as it says1 ,et sachies q je eusse cest livret mis en latin pour plus briefment deviser4 ,mais pour ce que pluseurs entendent mieulx romant que latin je lay mis en romant par quoy q chacun lentende4 ,which ,i translate3 ,and know that ,i should 7or might7 have written this book in ,latin1 for the sake of brevity4 ,but1 because more people know the ,romance 7or ,french7 tongue1 than ,latin1 ,i have written it in ,romance1 so that anyone may understand it4 ,and this translation is endorsed by ,e4 ,m4 ,thompson1 ,esq41 the head of the ,,ms4 department in the ,british ,museum4 ,it all depends on the words je eusse4 ,they do not mean ,i had2 and1 even in modern ,french1 might be used for ,i should have1 although of course j'aurais would be better4 ,for many years he has been called the father of ,english ,prose1 but this title1 after the above1 is doubtful1 even if his existence is granted1 and belongs of right to ,wyclif4 ,another book1 and a very rare and curious one it is1 is attributed to ,mandeville4 ,there is a copy of this book in the ,british ,museum 7,c4 #bg1 f4 #b71 which1 although in ,gothic letter1 gives no clue as to its date1 or place of birth1 nor do any of the bibliographical authorities which ,i have consulted 7and they are all that can be found in the ,british ,museum7 throw any light upon it4 ,the museum authorities catalogue it as ,lyons8 #aecj8 ,its title is ,,le ,,lapidaire en francoys compose par messire ,jehan de mandeuille chevalier4 ,its contents are of little worth1 except that they contain a store of legendary lore relating to precious stones1 such as are met with in most medieval treatises on jewels and it winds up with a prayer4 ,the authorship of this book1 too1 must be a matter of faith1 since it has nothing to guarantee it but its title-page4 ,it is somewhat singular too1 that the ,latin letter supposed to be written by ,mandeville to ,king ,edward the ,third1 and which is apropos of nothing1 only exists in the ,french edition4 ,in the appended ,travels of ,oderico1 the ,minorite ,friar1 ,i have italicized many of the passages which are identical with ,mandeville's description in order that the reader may have easier reference4 ,footnote #a3 ,and there were in our company two friers minours of ,lombardy1 sayd1 if any of us wold go in1 they wold also1 as they had sayd so1 and upon trust of them we sayd that we wold go1 we dyd sing a masse1 and were shriven houseled1 and we went in xiiii men1 and whe we came out we were but x4 ,footnote #b3 ,havergal's ,fasti ,herefordenses1 p4 #afa4 ,footnote #c3 ,ancient ,funerall ,monuments1 c4 ,composed by the ,travels and ,studie of ,john ,weever4 ,lond4 #afca4 ,it is exceedingly singular that a book published at ,antwerp in #aehd1 ,the ,itinerarium per nonnullas ,galli ,belgic partes ,abrahami ,ortelii et ,joannis ,viviani1 confirms ,weever1 in such almost identical words1 that it is not worth while to append a translation4 ,ortelius1 or ,ortell1 writes 7p4 #af73--;,est in hac quoq4 regione ,gulielmitaru ,coenobium in quo epitaphiu hoc ,joannis ,mandeuille excepimus3 ,,hic ,,iacet ,,vir ,,nobilis ,d,,ns ,,jo,e,s ,,de ,,mandeville ,,al' ,d,,cv,s ,,ad ,,barbam1 ,,miles ,d,,ns ,,de ,c,a,,pdi1 ,,natus ,,de ,,anglia1 ,,medici,e ,p,f,,essor ,,devotissimvs ,,orator ,,et ,,bonorum ,,largissimvs ,,pauperibus ,,erogata ,,qui ,,toto ,,quasi ,,orbe ,,lustrato ,,leodii ,,diem ,,vite ,,sue ,,clavsit ,,extremum ,,an,o ,d,,ni ,m,o ,,ccc,o ,,lxxi ,,mensis ,,nov,e,,bre' ,,die ,,xvii4 ,hc in lapide1 in quo coelata viri armati imago1 leonem calcantis1 barba bifurcata1 ad caput manus benedicens1 vernacula hc verba3 ,,vos ,,ki ,,paseis ,,sor ,,mi ,,povr ,,lamovr ,,deix ,,proies ,,por ,,me4 ,clypeus erat vacuus1 in quo olim laminam fuisse dicebant ream1 eius in ea itidem coelata insignia1 leonem videlicet argenteum1 cui ad pectus lunula rubea1 in campo coeruleo1 quem limbus ambiret denticulatus ex oro4 ,eius nobis ostendebat cultros1 ephippioque1 calcaria1 quibus usum fuisse afferebat in perigrando toto fere terrarum orbe1 vt clarius eius testatur ,itinerarium1 quod typis etiam excusum passim habetur4 ,footnote #d3 ,otherwise called the ,bearded ,knight4 ,footnote #e3 ,an order founded by ,sir ,william of ,maleval--a hermit--who died #ajth ,feb41 #aaeg4 ,the order was somewhat austere1 as the members went barefoot1 and their fasts were almost continual4 ,they have nearly all been absorbed into the ,augustines4 ,decoration ,decoration ,,the ,,table4 ,,cap4 ,,page ,preface v ,introduction ix ,i4 ,he that wyl go toward ,hierusalem on horse1 on foote1 or by sea #d ,,ii4 ,of the ,ilands of ,greece #ad ,,iii4 ,to come againe to ,constantinople for to go to the ,holy ,land #ai ,,iv4 ,of a terrible dragon #bb ,v4 ,of a yong man and his lemma #be ,,vi4 ,of the maner of hunting in ,cipres #bg ,,vii4 ,of the haven named ,jaffe #bi ,,viii4 ,of the haven of ,tyre #bi ,,ix4 ,of the ,hyll ,carme #cj ,x4 ,how ,sampson slew the ,king and his enemies #cb ,,xi4 ,the way to ,bebilon whereas the ,sowdan dwelleth #cc ,,xii4 ,yet here foloweth of the ,sowdan his ,kingdomes that he hath conquered1 which he holdeth strongly with force #ce ,,xiii4 ,for to returne fro ,sinay to ,hierusalem #cg ,,xiv4 ,as men are passed this wildernesse againe coming to ,hierusalem #ci ,,xv4 ,here foloweth a little of ,adam ,eve and other things #da ,,xvi4 ,of the dry tree #dc ,,xvii4 ,fro ,bethlehem #dd ,,xviii4 ,of a fayre mayden that shold be put to death wrongfully #de ,,xix4 ,of the citie of ,hierusalem #dh ,,xx4 ,yet of ye holy citie of ,hierusalem #ej ,,xxi4 ,of ye church of ye holy sepulchre #ee ,,xxii4 ,of the temple of ,god #eg ,,xxiii4 ,yet of the temple of ,god #ei ,,xxiv4 ,of ,king ,herode #fd ,,xxv4 ,of ,s4 ,salvatours church #ff ,,xxvi4 ,the fielde of ,acheldemack which was bought with ye xxx pece #fi ,,xxvii4 ,of the mount ,joye #gj ,,xxviii4 ,of the castell ,berthania #gb ,,xxix4 ,of ,jerico and other things #gb ,,xxx4 ,of the holy place betwene ,bethany and from ,jordan1 and other things #gc ,,xxxi4 ,of ,abram and his ,generation #ge ,,xxxii4 ,of the river ,jordan #gf ,,xxxiii4 ,of many other marvailes #gh ,,xxxiv4 ,of the ,samaritanes #ha ,,xxxv4 ,of ,galyle #hb ,,xxxvi4 ,of the way of ,nazareth to ye mount or hyll of ,tabor #hd ,,xxxvii4 ,of the sea of ,galyle #he ,,xxxviii4 ,of the table whereon ,christ eate after his resurrection #he ,,xxxix4 ,of straunge maners divers #hg ,,xl4 ,for to turne againe on this side ,galile #ia ,,xli4 ,how a man may go furdest and longest in those countreis as hereafter ben rehersed #ic ,,xlii4 ,of other wayes for to go by lande unto ,hierusalem #ie ,,xliii4 ,yet an other waye by lande toward the lande of promission #ig ,,xliv4 ,of the faith of the ,sarasins and of the booke of their law1 named ,alkaron #ii ,,xlv4 ,yet it treateth more of ,mahomet #aja ,,xlvi4 ,of the byrth of ,mahomet #ajd ,,xlvii4 ,of the yles and divers maner of people and of marvailous beastes #ajg ,,xlviii4 ,of the haven of ,gene1 for to go by the ,sea into divers countreys #aji ,,xlix4 ,of the country of ,job1 and of the kingdome of ,caldee #aae ,l4 ,of the kingdome of ,amazony whereas dwelleth none but women #aag ,,li4 ,of the lande of ,ethiope #aai ,,lii4 ,of ,inde the more1 and ,inde ye lesse1 and of diamonds1 and small people and other things #aba ,,liii4 ,of divers kingdomes and yles which are in the land of ,inde #abc ,,liv4 ,of the kingdome of ,mabaro #acj ,,lv4 ,of a great countrey called ,lamozy where the people go all naked #acd ,,lvi4 ,of the countrey and yle named ,jana which is a mighty land #acg ,,lvii4 ,of the kingdome of ,pathen or ,salmasse which is a goodly lande #ach ,,lviii4 ,of the kingedome of ,talonach1 the king thereof hath many wyves #adj ,,lix4 ,of the ylande called ,raso where men be hanged as sone as they are sicke #adc ,,lx4 ,of the ylande of ,melke wherein dwelleth evill people #add ,,lxi4 ,of an ylande named ,macumeran whereas the people have heads lyke houndes #adf ,,lxii4 ,of a great yland called ,dodin wher are many divers men of evil condicions #adi ,,lxiii4 ,of the kingdome named ,mancy1 which is the best kingedome of the world #aec ,,lxiv4 ,of the lande of ,pygmeen1 wherein dwell but smal people of three spanne long #aef ,,lxv4 ,of the citie of ,menke wher a great navy is #aeh ,,lxvi4 ,of the lande named ,cathay of ye great riches thereof #aeh ,,lxvii4 ,of a great citie named ,cadon wherein is the great ,caanes palaice and sege #aei ,,lxviii4 ,wherfore that the ,emperoure of ,cathay is called ye great ,caane #afc ,,lxix4 ,how the great ,caane was hid under a tree1 and so escaped his enemies because of a bird #afe ,,lxx4 ,of the great ,caanes letters and the writing about his seale #aff ,,lxxi4 ,of the governaunce of the country of the great ,caane #afg ,,lxxii4 ,of the great riches of ye ,emperour and of his dispending #agj ,,lxxiii4 ,of the ordinaunce of the ,lordes of ye ,emperour when he rideth from one countrey to an other to warre #aga ,,lxxiv4 ,how the ,empyre of the great ,caane is departed into #ab provinces and how that they doe cast ensense in the fyre wher ye great ,caane passeth thorough the ,cities and townes1 in worship of the ,emperour #agb ,,lxxv4 ,how the great ,caane is the myghtiest lord of all the world #agc ,,lxxvi4 ,yet of other maners of his countrey #agd ,,lxxvii4 ,how the ,emperour is brought unto his grave when he is dead #age ,,lxxviii4 ,when the ,emperour is dead how they chose and make an other #agf ,,lxxix4 ,what countries and kingedomes lye next to the lande of ,cathay and the frontes thereof #agg ,,lxxx4 ,of other wayes comming fro ,cathay toward the ,grekes sea1 and also of the ,emperour of ,percey #agi ,,lxxxi4 ,of the lande of ,armony1 which is a good land1 and of the land of ,middy #ahj ,,lxxxii4 ,of the ,kingdome of ,george and ,abcan and many marvayles #aha ,,lxxxiii4 ,of the land of ,turkey1 and divers other countreys1 and of the lande of ,mesopotamy #ahb ,,lxxxiv4 ,of divers countreys1 kingdomes and yles1 and marvayles beyond the land of ,cathay #ahc ,,lxxxv4 ,of the land of ,bactry and of many ,griffons and other beastes #ahf ,,lxxxvi4 ,of the way for to goe to ,prester ,john's lande1 which is ,emperour of ,inde #ahg ,,lxxxvii4 ,of the fayth and belyefe of ,prester ,john1 but he hath not all the full beliefe as we haue #aij ,,lxxxviii4 ,of an other yland where also dwelleth good people therein and is called ,sinople #aia ,,lxxxix4 ,of two other yles1 one is called ,pitan wherein be little men that eat no meate1 and in an other yle are the men all rough of fethers #aic ,,xc4 ,of a rich man in ,prester ,john's lad named ,catolonapes and of his gardeine #aid ,,xci4 ,of a marvailous valey that is beside the river of ,phison #aif ,,xcii4 ,of an yland wherin dwell people as great as gyants of #bh or #cj foote of length and other things #aih ,,xciii4 ,of women which make great sorow as their children are borne and great joy when they are dead #aii ,,xciv4 ,of an yland where men wed their owne daughters and kinswome #bjj ,,xcv4 ,of an other yland wherein dwell full good people and true #bjb ,,xcvi4 ,how ,king ,alexander sent his men thither for to winne the land #bjc ,,xcvii4 ,how the ,emperour ,prester ,john when he goeth to batayle he hath iii ,crosses borne before him of gold #bjd ,,xcviii4 ,of the most dwelling place of ,prester ,john in a citie called ,suse #bje ,,xcix4 ,of the wilderness wherein groweth the trees of the sonne and the moone #bjg ,c4 ,of a great yland and ,kingdome called ,taprobane #bjh ,,ci4 ,of two other yles1 one is called ,orel1 and the other ,argete1 where are many gold mynes #bji ,,cii4 ,of ye darke country and hyls and roches of stone nigh to ,paradise #baj ,,ciii4 ,a little of ,paradise ,terrestre #baa ,,civ4 ,how ,prester ,johns land lieth fote against fote to ,england #bac ,,cv4 ,of the ,kingdome of ,ryboth #bad ,,cvi4 ,of a rich man that is neither ,king1 ,prince1 ,duke ne ,erle #baf ,,cvii4 ,how of all these lands1 yles1 and kingdomes1 and the men thereof afore rehersed haue some of the articles of our faith #bag ,,cviii4 ,how ,john ,maundevyl leveth many mervayles unwritten and the cause therefore #bah ,,cix4 ,what time ,john ,maundevil departed out of ,england #bai ,,appendix4 ,the journall of ,frier ,odoricus4--,of the maners of the ,chaldeans1 and of ,india4--,how peper is had3 and where it groweth4--,of a strange and uncouth idole3 of certaine customes and ceremonies4--,of certaine trees yeelding meale1 honey1 and poyson4--,of the abundance of fishes which cast themselues upon the shore4--,of the ,island of ,sylan3 and of the mountaine where ,adam mourned for his sonne ,abel4--,of the upper ,india3 and of the province of ,mancy4--,of the citie of ,fuco4--,of a ,monastery where many strange beastes of divers kindes doe live upon an hill4--,of the citie of ,cambaleth4--,of the glory and magnificence of the great ,can4--,of certain ,innes or hospitals appointed for traveilers throughout the whole empire4--,of the foure feasts which the great ,can solemnizeth euery yeere in his court4--,of divers provinces and cities4--,of a certaine riche man1 who is fed and nourished by #ej virgins4--,of the death of ,senex de monte4--,of the honour and reverence done unto the great ,can4--,of the death of frier ,odoricus4 #bba ,extra ,plates in ,illustration of the ,book #bfg ,list of the ,editions in the ,british ,museum #bgg ,decoration ,decoration ,the ,voiage and ,travayle of ,syr ,john ,maundeville1 ,knight4 ,here beginneth a lyttle treatise or boke1 named ,john ,maundevile ,knight1 borne in ,england in the towne of ,sainct ,albone1 speaketh of the wayes to ,hierusalem1 to ,inde1 and to the greate ,cane1#a and also to ,prester ,johns land1 to many other countreys1 also of many marvailes that are in the holy ,lande4 ,,for ,,as ,,much as the lande over the sea1 that is to say1 the holy land1 that men cal the land of ,behest1#b among all other lands is most worthy ,soveraine1 for it is blessed1 halowed1 and sacred of the precious bloud of our ,lord ,,jesu ,,christ1 in the which land1 it liked him to take flesh and bloud of the ,virgin ,mary1 to environ that lande with his owne feete1 and there he wold do many myracles1 preach and teach the fayth and the law of ,christen men1 as unto his children1 there he would suffer many reprouves and scornes for us1 and he that was ,king of heaven and hell1 of ayre1 of sea1 of lande1 and of all things that are contained in them1 wold alonely#c be called ,king of that land1 when he sayde1 ,rex sum ,judeorum1 ,i am ,king of ,jewes3 ,for that tyme was that lande of ,jewes1 and that lande he chose before all other landes1 as the best most worthy of vertues of all the world4 ,and as the ,philosopher sayth1 ,virtus rerum in medio consistit4 ,that is to say1 the vertue of things is in the midst3 and in that lande he would leade his lyfe1 and suffer passion and death of the ,jewes for us1 to save and deliver us from the paines of hell1 and from deathe without ende1 the which was ordeyned to us for the sinne of our father ,adam1 and our owne synnes also1 for as for himself he had none evil done ne#d deserved1 for he never thought ne dyd any evyll1 for he that was ,king of ,glory and of joy might best in that place suffer death4 ,for he that will do any thinge that he will haue knowen openly1 he wyll proclayme it openly in the myddle place of a towne or of a citie1 so that it may bee knowne to all parties of the citie1 so he that was ,king of glory and of all the worlde would suffer death for us at ,hierusalem1 which is in the mydst of the worlde1 so that it might be knowen to all nations of the worlde how deare he bought man1 that he made with his handes in his owne likenesse1 for the great loue that he had to us4 ,ah dere ,god1 what love he had to his subjects1 when he that had done no trespasse1 would for us trespassours suffer death3 for a more worthy catell#e he might not have sette for us1 then his owne blessed bodie and his owne precious bloud the which he suffered for us3 right wel ought men to love1 worship dreade1 and serve such a ,lord1 and prayse such an holy lande that brought forth a lord of such fruite1 through the which eche man is saved but if it be his own defaute4 ,this is that lande prepared for an heritage to us1 and in that lande would he dye as seased1#f to leaue it to his children4 ,for the which eche good ,chrysten man that may hath wherewith1 should strengthen him for to conquere our righte heritage1 and purchace#g out of the evill peoples handes3 for we are cleped#h christen men of ,christ our father1 and if we be the ryght children of ,christ1 we oughte to challenge the heritage that our father lefte us take it out of straunge mens handes4 ,but now ,pryde1 ,covetyse and ,envy hath so inflamed the hearts of the lordes of the worlde1 that they are more busy for to disheryte theyr neighbours than to challenge or conquere their right heritage aforesayde4 ,and the common people that would put their bodies and theyr catell for to conquere our heritage1 they may not do so without lordes3 for assembling of the people without a chiefe lorde1 is as a flocke of sheepe without a sheepherd1 the which depart asunder1 and wot not whether they shall go4 ,but would#i ,god1 the worldly ,lordes were at a good accorde1 and with other of their common people would take this holy voyage over the sea4 ,i trust well that within a little tyme our right heritage before sayd should be reconsiled and put into the hands of the right heires of ,jesu ,christ4 ,and for as much as it is long time that there was any general passage over the sea1 and that many men desire to here speaking of the holy lande1 and have therefore great solace and comfort1 therefore ye shall here by me ,john ,maundevile ,knight which was borne in ,england in the towne of ,saint ,albones1 and passed the sea in the yeare of our ,lord ,,jesu ,,christ ,a4 ,,miii4,c4#aj on the day of ,sainct ,michael1 and there remained long tyme1 and went through many landes1 and many provinces1 kingdomes and yles1 have passed through ,turkey1 and through ,armony#aa the lyttle and the great1 through ,tartary1 ,percy1#ab ,surre1#ac ,araby1 ,egypt the high and the low1 through ,libie1 ,caldee and a great part of ,ethiope1 through ,amazonie through ,inde the lesse the more a great part1 and through many other yles which are about ,inde1 where many people dwelleth of divers lawes and shapes4 ,of the men of which landes and yles ,i shall speake more plainly and ,i shall devise#ad a parte of the things what they are when time shall be1 after it may best come to my mynde specially for them that will1 and are in purpose1 for to visite the holy citie of ,hierusalem and the holy places that are there aboute ,i shall tell the way that they shall holde#ae thither1 for ,i have many times passed and ridden it with good company and with many lordes4 ,footnote #a3 ,khan4 ,footnote #b3 ,promise4 ,footnote #c3 ,pynson1 all oonly4 ,footnote #d3 ,nor4 ,footnote #e3 ,treasure1 money1 goods1 property1 possessions4 ,footnote #f3 ,possessing 7seized74 ,footnote #g3 ,pynson1 and chase out the ylle trowand4 ,footnote #h3 ,called4 ,footnote #i3 7to7 omitted4 ,footnote #aj3 ,pynson and other authorities say ,,mcccxxxii4 ,footnote #aa3 ,armenia4 ,footnote #ab3 ,persia4 ,footnote #ac3 ,syria4 ,footnote #ad3 ,relate4 ,footnote #ae3 ,travel or journey4 ,,cap3 ,i4 ,he that will go toward ,hierusalem on horse1 on foote1 or by sea4 ,,in the name of ,god ,almightie4 ,he that will passe over the sea1 he may go many wayes both by sea and by lande1 after the countreys that he cometh from1 and many of them cometh to one ende1 but think not that ,i will tell all the townes1 cities castelles that men shall goe by1 for then ,i should make to long a tale1 but only some countries and most principall cities and townes that men shall go by and through to go the right way4 ,first1 if a man come from the west side of the worlde as ,england1 ,ireland1 ,wales1 ,scotland and ,norway1 he may if he wyl1 go through ,almayne#a and throughout the ,kingdome of ,hungary1 which ,kinge is a great lord and a mightie1 and holdeth many landes great1 for he holdeth the land of ,hungarie1 ,savoy1#b ,camonie1#c a great part of ,bulgary1 that men call the land of ,bugres1 and a great part of the ,kingdome of ,rossie1#d and that lasteth to the land of ,mifland1#e and marcheth on ,siprus1#e and men passe thus through the land of ,hungary and through the ,citie that men call ,cipanum1#f and through the castell of ,nuburgh1#g and by the yll ,torwe1#h towarde the ende of ,hungarie and so by the river of ,danubie1 that is a full great ryver and goeth into ,almayne1 under the hilles of ,lumbardy1 and it taketh into him #dj other ryvers and it runneth throughout ,hungary and through ,cresses#i and ,crochie1#i and goeth into the sea so strongely and with so great might that the water is freshe xxx#aj myle within the sea and afterwards go men to ,belgrave#aa and entereth the lande of ,bugres and there pass men a bridge of stone that is over the river ,marrock1#ab and so men passe through the lande of ,pinseras#ac and come to ,grece to the citie of ,stermis1#ad and to the citie of ,affinpane1#ae that was sometime called ,bradre#af the noble and so to the citie of ,constantinople that was sometime called ,bessameron#ag and there dwelleth commonly the ,emperor of ,grece4 ,illustration ,at ,constantinople is the best and the fairest church of the worlde1 and it is of sainct ,steven4#ah ,and before this church is a gylte image of ,justinian the ,emperour1 and it is sitting upon an horse and crowned1 and it was wont to holde a round appell#ai in his hand1 men say there that it is a token that the ,emperour hath lost a part of his landes1 for the appell is fallen out of the images hand3 and also he hath lost a great parte of his lordshippe4 ,for he was wont to be ,emperour of ,rome1 of ,grece1 and of all ,asia the lesse1 of ,surry1 and of the land of ,jude1#bj in the which is ,jerusalem1 of the land of ,egipt1 of ,percie ,arabia1 but he hath lost all but ,grece1 and that lande he holdeth all onely4 ,men would put the appell in the images hande1 but it will not holde it4 ,this appell betokeneth the lordship that he had over all the world1 and the other hand he lifteth up against the ,east1#ba in token to manasse#bb misdoers4 ,this image standeth upon a pyller of marble4 ,illustration ,at ,constantinople is the crosse of our ,lord and his cote without seame1 the sponge and the rede with which the ,jewes gave our ,lord gall to drinke on the ,crosse1 and there is one of the nayles that our ,lorde ,jesu ,christ was nayled with to the ,crosse4 ,some men think that halfe the ,crosse of ,christ be in ,cipres in an ,abbey of ,monkes1 that men call the hill of the holy crosse1 but it is not so1 for the crosse that is in ,cipres is the crosse on which ,dysmas#bc the good theefe was hanged1 but all men wot#bd not that1 that is evil done but for the getting of the offering they say that it is the crosse of our ,lorde1 and ye shall understande that the crosse of our ,lorde ,jesus ,christ was made of foure maner of trees1 as it is conteyned in this verse following4 ,in cruce fit ,palma1 ,cedrus1 et ,cypressus1 ,oliva4 ,illustration ,for the piece that went ryght up from the earth unto the head was of ,cipres1 and the piece that went overthwart1 to the which his handes were nayled1 was of ,palme1 and the stock that stood within the earth in the which they had made a morteys1 was of ,cedre1 and the table aboue his head was a foote and a half long1 on which ye tytle was written1 yt was of ,olyve4 ,ye ,jewes made this crosse of these foure maner of trees for they thought yt our ,lord shold have hanged as long as ye crosse might last1 therefore they made the foote of ,cedre1 for ,ceder may not in the erth ne#be in water rot2 they thought that the body of ,christ shold have stonken1 they made the piece yt went from the yearth upwarde of ,cipres so that the smell of his body shold greve no man that came by1 and that overthwart was made of ,palme in signification of ,victory4 ,and the table of the tytle was made of ,olive1 for it betokeneth peace1 as the story of ,noe witnesseth1 when ye dove brought ye braunch of ,olive that betokened peace made between ,god and man4 ,and you also shal understande1 that the ,christen men that dwell over the sea1 say that the pece of the ,crosse that we call ,cipres was of the tree that ,adam eate the appell of1 and so finde they written1 and they say also that their scripture saith1 that when ,adam was sicke he sayd to his son ,seth that he shold go to ,paradise and pray that the ,aungel that kepeth ,paradise1 yt he wold send him oyle of the tree of mercy for to anoynte him that he might have health1 ,seth went1 but the ,aungel would not let him com in at the gate1 but said unto him that he might not have ye oyle of mercy1 but he took him three carnels#bf of the same tree that his father eate the appell of1 and bad him as sone as his father was dead1 that he should put these carnels under his tongue and bury him1 and he did so1 and of these three carnels sprang a tree1 as the ,angel sayd and when the tree bare fruite1 then shold ,adam be made whole4 ,and when ,seth came againe and founde his father dead1 he did with the carnels as the ,aungell commaunded him1 of the which came three trees1 whereof a crosse was made that bare good fruite1 that is to say1 our saviour ,jesu ,christ1 through whom ,adam and all that came of him should be saved and delivered from everlasting death1 but#bg if it be their owne defaute4#bh ,this holy crosse had the ,jewes hid under the earth in ye rock of the mount of ,calvery1 it laye there two hundreth yeares and more1 as they say1 unto the tyme that ,saint ,elene found it1 the which ,saint ,elene was daughter of ,coel ,king of ,englande1 that then was called ,britaine1 and after maried to ,constantius1 fyrst ,consul and after ,emperour of ,rome1 who had by hir issue ,constantine the great1 born in ,england and afterward ,emperour of ,rome1 which ,constantine turned the name of ,bezansium into ,constantinople1 he reedified that citie1 and made it monarcall seate of all ,europa and ,asia ,minor4 ,also ye shall understande that the crosse of our ,lord was in length viii cubites and that the piece that went overthwart was three cubites#bi and a halfe4 ,illustration ,a part of the crowne of our ,lord ,jesu wherewith he was crowned one of the nayles1 and the speare head and many other reliques are in ,france at ,paris in the chapell of the ,king1 and the crowne lyeth in a vessell of cristall wel dight and richly1 for ye ,french ,king bought these reliques sometime of the ,jewes1 to whome the ,emperour had laid them to pledge for a great sume of golde4 ,and although men say that this ,crowne was of thornes--ye shall understand that it was of ,jonkes#cj of the sea1 which be white and pricketh as sharp as thornes1 for ,i have seene and beheld many times that at ,paris1 and that at ,constantinople1 for they were both of one1 and made of ,jonkis of the sea4 ,but men have departed him in two partes1 of the which one parte is at ,paris1 and the other part at ,constantinople1 and ,i haue a point thereof that seemeth a white thorne1 and that was given me for a great friendeship--for there are many of them broken and fallen into the vessell1 when they shew the ,crowne to great men or lordes that come theither4 ,and ye shall understande that our ,lord in that night that he was taken1 he was led into a garden1 and there he was examined sharply1 there the ,jewes crowned him with a crown of abbespine#ca braunches that grew in the same garden set it on his head so fast1 that the blood came downe by many places of his visage1 necke1 and shoulders1 and therefore hath the abbespine many vertues1 for he that beareth a braunche of it about him1 no thunder1 nor any maner of tempest may hurt him1 nor the house that it is in may no evill ghost come1 nor in no place where it is4 ,and in that same garden ,sainct ,peter denied our ,lord thrise4 ,and afterward was our ,lord led before the ,bishop and ministers of the lawe into another gardein of ,anne#cb and there was he examined1 scorned crowned efte#cc with a swete thorn that men called barbareus#cd that grew in the same gardein and that hath many vertues4 ,and afterward he was led to a gardein of ,caiphas1 and there he was crowned again with eglentine1#ce and after that he was led to a chamber of ,pilate there he was crowned1 and the ,jewes set him in a chaire and clad him in a mantell of purpure#cf and then made they a crowne of ,jonkes of the sea and there they kneled to him scorned him saying ,ave rex ,judeorum4 ,that is to say1 haile ,king of ,jewes4 ,and of this crowne1 halfe is in ,paris and the other halfe at ,constantinople1 the which our ,saviour ,jesu ,christ hadde on his head1 when he was nayled on the crosse1 and therefore shall men honour and worship it1 and holde it more worthy then any of the other4 ,and the speare shaft hath the ,emperour of ,almaine1 but the head which was put in his side is at ,paris they say1 in the holy chappell1 and oft tymes sayth the ,emperour of ,constantinople1 that he hath the speare head ,i have often seen it1 but it is greater than that at ,paris4 ,also at ,constantinople lyeth ,sainct ,anne our ladie's mother1 whom ,saint ,elene caused to be brought from ,hierusalem1 and there lieth also the body of ,saint ,john ,chrisostome that was bishop of ,constantinople4 ,there lyeth also sainct ,luke the ,evangelist1 for his bones were brought from ,bethany where he was buried3 and many other relyques are there1 and there is of the vessell of stone as it were marble1 which men call ,idryus1 that evermore droppeth water fylleth himselfe every yeare once4 ,and ye shall wete that ,constantinople is a fayre citie and well walled it is three cornered1 and there is an arme of the sea that men call ,hellespon1 and some men call it the bunch#cg of ,constantinople and some call it the brace#ch of sainct ,george1 and this water encloseth two partes of the citie1 and upward to the sea upon that water was wont to be the great citie of ,troy in a fayre plaine1 but that citie was destroyed by the ,grekes4 ,footnote #a3 ,germany4 ,footnote #b3 ,sclavonia4 ,footnote #c3 ,comania may now be placed as being on the north-west side of the ,caspian ,sea4 ,footnote #d3 ,or ,rosia1 was ,russia proper1 by the ,baltic2 the huge ,empire now so termed being then called ,muscovy4 ,footnote #e3 ,pynson says ,nyflond1 and in some ,,mss4 it is written indifferently ,nyfland1 ,nyflond1 ,nislan1 and ,neflond2 but ,i have no doubt but that by it is meant ,livonia1 as is explained ,apian's ,cosmographie3 qui est la derniere ,province d',alemaigne1 et de la ,chrestit1 vulgairement appelee ,liefland2 and this is the more likely as ,siprus is spelt in ,pynson and other editions ,pruysse1 i4e41 ,prussia4 ,footnote #f3 ,pynson says ,chypron1 other authorities ,schyppronne1 ,cypron1 and ,chippronne4 ,footnote #g3 ,neuburgh2 sometimes written ,neaseburghe1 ,newbow1 or ,newborewe4 ,footnote #h3 ,in other editions evyll4 ,footnote #i3 ,cresses is rendered in other editions as ,grece or ,greece1 but this is impossible1 as also is ,crochie1 which ,pynson calls ,tracy1 and others call ,thracie or ,thrace4 ,it probably means ,croatia1 and he has muddled up the ,save or ,sau1 a tributary to the ,danube1 which rises not far from ,lombardy1 joining the ,danube at ,belgrade4 ,footnote #aj3 ,pynson and others say #bj miles4 ,footnote #aa3 ,belgrade4 ,footnote #ab3 ,now called the ,morava4 ,footnote #ac3 ,pynson says ,pynteras1 others ,pyncemartz1 and ,pyncoras4 ,footnote #ad3 ,pynson says ,sternys1 others ,sternes1 or ,scernys4 ,footnote #ae3 ,written elsewhere ,affynpayn1 ,assynpayn1 and ad fines ,epapie4 ,footnote #af3 ,this will best explain the difficulty of placing the localities1 for this means ,adrianople4 ,footnote #ag3 ,byzantium1 the ancient name for ,constantinople1 the seat of the ,western ,empire4 ,footnote #ah3 ,pynson has ,sophy1 now the ,mosque of ,st ,sophia4 ,footnote #ai3 ,probably an orb4 ,footnote #bj3 ,juda4 ,footnote #ba3 ,pynson says ,west1 but others give ,east4 ,footnote #bb3 ,menace4 ,footnote #bc3 ,the names of the penitent and impenitent thieves vary slightly in different accounts4 ,in the ,apocryphal book of ,nicodemus1 cap4 #g1 vv4 #aj1 #aa1 they are thus given3 ,but one of the two thieves who were crucified with ,jesus1 whose name was ,gestas1 said to ,jesus1 ,if thou art the ,christ1 deliver thyself and us4 ,but the thief who was crucified on his right hand1 whose name was ,dimas1 answering1 rebuked him1 and said1 ,dost thou not fear ,god1 who art condemned to this punishment8 ,we indeed receive rightly and justly the demerit of our actions3 but this ,jesus1 what evil hath he done8 ,but in the ,apocryphal book1 ,i4 ,infancy1 cap4 #h1 vv4 #a-g 7a ,nestorian and ,gnostic book71 the names are given differently3 ,in their journey from hence they came into a desert country1 and were told it was infested with robbers2 so ,joseph and ,st4 ,mary prepared to pass through it in the night4 ,and1 as they were going along1 behold they saw two robbers asleep in the road1 and with them a great number of robbers1 who were their confederates1 also asleep4 ,the names of those two were ,titus and ,dumachus2 and ,titus said to ,dumachus1 ,i beseech thee let those persons go along quietly1 that our company may not perceive any thing of them2 ,but ,dumachus refusing1 ,titus again said1 ,i will give thee forty groats1 and as a pledge1 take my girdle1 which he gave him before he had done speaking1 that he might not open his mouth1 or make a noise4 ,when the ,lady ,st4 ,mary saw the kindness which this robber did show them1 she said to him1 ,the ,lord ,god will receive thee to his right hand1 and grant thee pardon of thy sins4 ,then the ,lord ,jesus answered and said to his mother1 ,when thirty years are expired1 ,o ,mother1 the ,jews will crucify me at ,jerusalem4 ,and these two thieves shall be with me at the same time upon the cross1 ,titus on my right hand1 and ,dumachus on my left1 and from that time ,titus shall go before me into ,paradise4 ,footnote #bd3 ,know4 ,footnote #be3 ,nor4 ,footnote #bf3 ,kernels--another edition says ,greynes4 ,footnote #bg3 ,except4 ,footnote #bh3 ,fault4 ,footnote #bi3 ,this measure varied4 ,it was generally accepted as being the length of a man's arm from the elbow to the extremity of the little finger4 ,the ,roman cubit is usually reckoned as #ag-d_/aj in41 the ,scriptural cubit at #bb in41 and the ,english cubit at #ah in4 ,footnote #cj3 ,rushes4 ,juncus ,maritimus4 ,footnote #ca3 ,albespine--probably meant for ,white thorn4 ,footnote #cb3 ,annas4 ,footnote #cc3 ,again4 ,footnote #cd3 8 berberis4 ,footnote #ce3 ,honeysuckle4 ,footnote #cf3 ,purple4 ,footnote #cg3 ,bouche1 the mouth4 ,footnote #ch3 ,arm4 ,lat4 brachium1 as we should say1 an arm of the sea4 ,,cap3 ,,ii4 ,of the ,ilandes of ,grece4 ,illustration ,,about ,grece be many yles that men cal ,calastre1#a ,calcas ,settygo1 ,thoysoria1 ,mynona1 ,faxton1 ,molo1 ,carparte and ,lempne1 and in this yle is mount ,athos that passeth the clowdes there are divers speaches and many countries that are obedient to the ,emperour of ,constantinople1 that is to say ,turcoply1 ,pyncy1 ,narde1 ,comage and many other1 ,tracy ,macedony1 of which ,alexander was king4 ,in this countrey was ,aristotle borne1 in a citie that men call ,strages1 a little from the citie of ,tragie1 at ,strages is ,aristotle buried1 and there is an aulter on his tombe1 and there they make a greate feast every yeare as he were a saint1 upon his aulter the lordes holde their great counsayles and assemblies and they think1 that through the inspiration of ,god him1 they should have the better councill4 ,in this countrey are right highe hilles1 there is an hill that men call ,olimphus that departeth ,macedonie and ,tracy1 and is as high as the cloudes1 and the other hill that men call ,athos is so highe1 that the shadow of him stretcheth unto ,olimphus and it is neare lxxvii myle between1 and above that hill is the aire so cleere1 that men may fele no wynde there1 and therefore may no beast live there the ayre is so drye1 and men say in the countrey that ,philosophers somtyme went up to these same hilles and helde to their noses a sponge wet with water for to have ayre1 for the ayre was so drye there above in the pouder#b of the hill they wrote letters with their fingers1 and at the yeares ende they came againe and found those letters which they had written the yeare before without any defaute1#c and therefore it seemeth well that these hilles passe the cloudes to ye pure aire4 ,at ,constantinople is the ,emperours palaice which is fayre and well dight1#d and therein is a palaice for justing1#e and it is made about with stages that eche man may well see and none greve1#f other under these stages are stables vauted for the ,emperours horses and all the pillers of these stables are of marble4 ,and within the church of ,saint ,sophy1 an ,emperour wold haue layd the body of his father when he was dead1 and as they made the grave they found a body in the earth upon that body lay a great plate of fine gold there upon was written in ,ebrew1 ,greke ,latin letters that sayde thus3 ,jesus ,christus nascetur de virgine ,marie1 et ego credo in eum4 ,that is to say1 ,jesu ,christ shal be borne of the ,virgin ,mary ,i believe in him4 ,and the date was that it lay in the earthe #bjjg yeare before our ,lord ,jesu ,christ was borne1 and yet is that plate in the treasory of the ,church1 and men say that it was ,hermogenes#h the wise man4 ,and neverthelesse if it be so that men of ,grece be ,christen1 yet they vary from our fayth1 for they say that the holy ghoste commeth not out of the sonne1 but all onely of the father1 and as they are not obedient to the ,church of ,rome1 nor to the ,pope1 and they saye that theyr ,patryarkes haue as much power over the sea1 as the ,pope hath on this syde the sea4 ,and therefore ,pope ,john the ,,xxii4 sente letters to them1 how ,christen fayth should be all one1 and that they shoulde be obedient to a pope that is ,christes ,vykar in earthe1 to whome ,god gave plaine#i power to binde and to assoyle1#aj and therefore they should be obedient to him4 ,and they sent him divers aunsweres1 and among other they said thus4 ,potentiam tuam summam circa subjectos tuos firmiter credimus4 ,superbitatem tuam sustinere non possumus4 ,avaritiam tuam satiare non intendimus4 ,dominus tecum fit1 quia ,dominus nobiscum est4 ,vale4 ,that is to say1 we beleve wel that thy power is great upon thy subjectes4 ,we may not suffer thy pryde4 ,we are not in purpose to fulfille thy covetyse4#aa ,our ,lorde be with thee1 for our ,lorde is with us4 ,farewell4 ,and other aunswere might not be haue of them4 ,and also they make theyr sacrament of the aulter of therf bread1#ab for our ,lord made it of therf bread when he made his maunde4#ac ,and on sherthursday#ad make they theyre bread in tokening of the maunde1 and they dry it at the sonne1#ae and kepe it all the yeare give it to sick men instede of gods body4 ,and they make but one unction when they ,christen ,children1 and they anoynt no sick men1 and they say there is no purgatory1 and soules shall haue neither joy ne payne untill the day of dome4#af ,and they say that fornication is no deadly sinne1 but a kindly thing1 and that men women shoulde wed but once1 and who so weddeth more than once theyr children are bastards and gotten in sinne1 and theyr priestes also are wedded1 and they say that usury or simony is no deadly sinne and they sell benefices of holy churche1 and so did men of other places and is great sclaunder1#ag for now is ,simony ,king crowned in holy churche1 ,god amende it when his will is4 ,and they say that in ,lent men should not singe masse but on the ,saterday and on the ,sonday1 and they fast not the ,saterday no tyme in the yeare1 but if it be ,christmas or ,easter even4 ,and they suffer no man that is on this side the ,grece sea to sing at theyr aulters1 and if it fall that they do through any hap1#ah they wash theyr aulters as sone without tarieng with holy water1 and they say that there should be but one masse sayde at one aulter in a day4 ,and they say that our ,lorde did neuer eate meate but that he made a token#ai of eating4 ,and also they say that we sinne deadly in shaving of our berdes1 for the berde is a token of a man1 and a gift of our ,lord and they saye that we sinne in eating of beastes that were defended#bj in the olde lawe1 as swyne1 hares and other beastes4 ,and thus they saye that we sinne in eating of fleshe on the dayes before ,ashwednesday1 and in eating of fleshe on the ,wednesdaye1 and when we eate chese or egges on the ,fryday and they curse all those that eate no fleshe on the ,saterday4 ,also the ,emperour of ,constantinople maketh the ,patriarkes1 ,archebishoppes and ,bishoppes1 and he giveth all the dignities of the churches1 and depryveth them that are unworthy1 although it be so that these touch not the way1 nevertheless they touch that which ,i haue behight#ba to shew a parte of the custome1 maners1 and diversitie of countries1 and for this is the first countrey that is discordaunt from our faithe and letteth#bb our faithe on this side the sea1 therefore haue ,i sette it here that ye may see the diversitie between our faith theirs1 for many men haue great liking to here speake of straunge things4 ,footnote #a3 ,calliste1 which ,ferrarius1 in his ,lexicon ,geographicum 7edit4 #afgj71 says is an island in the gean ,sea4 ,the other islands have different names in different ,,mss41 but are not worth the trouble of identifying1 except ,lampne as ,lemnos--where ,mandeville places ,mount ,athos4 ,plutarch and ,pliny said that1 in the summer solstice this mountain projected its shadow on the market-place of ,myrina1 the capital city of ,lemnos1 and that a brazen cow was there erected to mark the termination of the shadow2 but this is as probable as the distance given1 namely1 seventy-seven miles1 which is manifestly erroneous4 ,the spelling of the geographical names is very bad1 and renders it a difficult task to identify them3 for instance1 if it were not a well-known fact that ,aristoteles was born and buried at ,stagira1 it would be very difficult to identify ,strages as being the same place4 ,again1 ,olimphus is used instead of ,lemnos1 in connection with the shadow of ,mount ,athos4 ,footnote #b3 ,powder1 dust4 ,footnote #c3 ,uninjured4 ,footnote #d3 ,furnished4 ,footnote #e3 ,jousting or tilting4 ,footnote #f3 ,inconvenience4 ,footnote #g3 ,pynson and other editions say ,two thousand4 ,footnote #h3 ,here the chronology is somewhat involved1 as ,hermogenes lived in the time of ,marcus ,aurelius ,antoninus1 who was born ,a4,d4 #aba4 ,footnote #i3 ,plenary4 ,footnote #aj3 ,absolve4 ,footnote #aa3 ,covetousness4 ,footnote #ab3 ,unleavened bread4 ,footnote #ac3 ,last ,supper4 ,footnote #ad3 ,shrove ,thursday4 ,footnote #ae3 ,in the sun4 ,footnote #af3 ,doom1 or the day of judgment4 ,footnote #ag3 ,scandal4 ,footnote #ah3 ,if by chance they should do so4 ,footnote #ai3 ,only seemed to eat4 ,footnote #bj3 ,forbidden4 ,footnote #ba3 ,promised4 ,footnote #bb3 ,hinders4 ,,cap3 ,,iii4 ,to come againe to ,constantinople for to go toward the holy land4 ,illustration ,,now come we againe for to know the way from ,constantinople4 ,he that will go through ,turkey1 he goeth through the citie of ,nyke1#a and passeth through the gate of ,chivitot that is right highe1 and it is a myle and a halfe from ,nyke1 and who so wyll go by the brache#b of ,sainct ,george1 and by the ,greeke sea there as ,sainct ,nicolas lyeth1 and other places4 ,first men come to the yle of ,silo1 and in that ile groweth mastike upon small trees as plomtrees1 or chery trees4 ,and then after men go through the ile of ,pathmos1 where ,saint ,john the ,evangelist wrote the ,apocalips and ,i do you to wete1#c when our ,lorde ,jesu ,christ died1 ,saint ,john the ,evangelist was of the age of xxxii yeare and he lived after the passion of ,christ lxiii#d year and then died4 ,fro ,pathmos men go to ,ephesim which is a faire citie and neare to the sea1 and there died sainct ,john he was buried behind the high aulter in a tombe1 and there is a fayre church1 for ,christen men were wont to holde that place1 but in the tombe of sainct ,john is nothing but ,manna1 for his body was translated#e into paradise1 the ,turkes hold now that citie and the church1 and all ,asia the lesse1 therefore is ,asia the lesse called ,turkey4 ,and ye shall understand that sainct ,john did make his grave ther in his lyfe and laied himselfe therein all quick#f therefore some say he dyed not1 but that he resteth there unto the day of judgement1 and therefore truely there is a great marvaile1 for men may see there apertly#g ye earth of the tombe many times stirre and move1 as there were a quick thing under4 ,and from ,ephesim1 men go through many iles in the sea unto the citie of ,pateran#h where sainct ,nicolas was borne and so to ,marca#i where he by the grace of ,god was chosen ,bishop1 and there groweth right good wyne and strong1 that men call the wyne of ,marca4 ,from thence men go to the yle of ,crete1 which the ,emperor gave sometime to ,jonais4#aj ,and then men passe through the yles of ,cophos and ,lango#aa of the which yles ,ipocras#ab was lord1 and some say that in the yle of ,lango is ,ipocras daughter in maner of a ,dragon1 which is a hundred foote long as men saye1 for ,i have not seene it1 and they of the yles call hir the lady of the countrey1 and she lyeth in an olde castell and sheweth hir thrise in the yeare1 and she doth no man harme and she is thus changed from a damosell to a dragon through a goddesse that men call ,diana1 and men say that she shall dwell so unto the tyme that a knighte come that is so hardy as to go to hir and kisse hir mouthe1 and then shall she tourne againe to hir owne kinde1 and be a woman1 and after that she shall not live long4 ,and it is not long sith#ac a knight of the ,rodes#ad that was hardy and valiant said that he would kisse hir1 and whan the ,dragon began to lifte up hir head againste him1 and he saw it was so hideous1 he fled awaye1 and the ,dragon in hir anger bare the knight on a roche1 and of#ae that cast him into the sea and so he was lost4 ,footnote #a3 8 ,salonika4 ,footnote #b3 ,see foot note1 ante1 p4 #ai4 ,footnote #c3 ,know4 ,footnote #d3 ,pynson says #fg4 ,footnote #e3 ,taken up to heaven4 ,footnote #f3 ,living1 alive4 ,footnote #g3 ,openly4 ,footnote #h3 ,patera1 a city of ,lycia4 ,footnote #i3 ,myra1 also in ,lycia4 ,footnote #aj3 ,the ,genoese4 ,footnote #aa3 ,the island of ,cos4 ,footnote #ab3 ,hippocrates1 the famous physician1 who was born at ,cos4 ,footnote #ac3 ,since4 ,footnote #ad3 ,the island of ,rhodes4 ,footnote #ae3 ,off4 ,decoration ,,cap3 ,,iiii4 ,yet of the same ,dragon4 ,illustration ,,also a young man that wist not of the ,dragon1 went out of a shippe and went through the yle till he came to a ,castell1 and came into the cave and went so long till he founde a chamber1 and there he saw a damosell that kemde#a hir heade loked in a mirrour1 and she had much treasure aboute hir1 and he trowed#b she had been a common woman that dwelled ther to kepe men1 and he abode#c the damosel1 and the damosel saw the shadowe of him in the mirrour1 she tourned toward him and asked what he would1 and he said he would be hir paramoure or lemman1#d and she asked him if he were a knight1 and he sayd nay1 and she sayd then might he not be hir lemman1 but she bad him go againe to his fellowes and make him knighte and come againe on the morow and she woulde come oute of the cave and then hee shoulde kisse hir on the mouth1 and she badde him haue no dread1 for she would do him no harme1 although she semed hidious to him1 she sayd it was done by inchauntment1 for she sayd that she was such as he saw hir then1 and she sayd that if he kissed hir1 he should haue all the treasure1 and be hir lord1 and lord of all those yles4 ,then he departed from hir and went to his fellowes in the ship1 and made him knight1 and came againe on the morow to kisse the damosel1 and when he saw hir come out of the cave in forme of a dragon1 he had so great dread1 that he fled to the ship1 and she folowed him1 and when she saw that he tourned not againe1 she began to crye as a thing that had much sorow1 and tourned again1 and sone after the knight dyed1 and sithen#e hetherto might no knight see hir but he died anon4 ,but when a knight commeth that is so hardy to kisse hir1 he shall not dye1 but he shall tourne that damosel into hir right shape and shal be lord of the countrey aforsayde4 ,and from thence men go to the yle of ,rodes1 the which the hospitallers held and governed1 and that they took sometime from the ,emperour1 and it was wont to be called ,colles#f and so yet the ,turkes call it ,colles4 ,and sainct ,paule in his ,epistels writeth to them of the yle ,collocenses4#g ,this yle is nere ,c,lxxx#h myle from ,constantinople4 ,and from this yle of ,rodes1 men go into ,cipres where are many vines1 the first is red and after a yeare they war all white1 and those vines that are most white1 are most cleare and best smelling1 ,and as men passe by the way by a place where was wont to be a great citie that men call ,sathalay1 and all that countrey was lost through the folly of a young man1 for he had a faire damosell that he loved well1 and she dyed sodenly was buried in a grave of ,marble for the great love he hadde to hir1 he went in a nighte to hir tombe and opened it1 went and lay by hir and when he had done he went away1 when it came to the ende of ix monthes a voice came to him sayd in this maner as in the next chapter foloweth4 ,footnote #a3 ,kemped or combed4 ,footnote #b3 ,thought4 ,footnote #c3 ,pynson says obeyed unto the damsell--that is1 made obeisance1 or bowed to her4 ,footnote #d3 ,sweetheart4 ,footnote #e3 ,since then4 ,footnote #f3 ,from the ,colossus there1 a statue of ,jupiter #gj cubits high1 and which was accounted as one of the wonders of the world4 ,footnote #g3 ,this is not so4 ,the ,epistle to the ,colossians was addressed to the inhabitants of ,coloss1 a city in ,phrygia--which is clearly shown by his referring in cap4 #d1 v4 #ac1 to two neighbouring cities4 ,for ,i bear him record1 that he hath a great zeal for you1 and them that are in ,laodicea1 and them in ,hierapolis4 ,footnote #h3 ,pynson and others say #hjj4 ,decoration ,,cap3 ,v4 ,of a young man and his lemman4 ,illustration ,,go unto the tombe of the same woman that you hast lien by ope it1 behold well that which thou hast begotten on hir and if thou let for to go1 thou shalt haue a great harme1 and he went and opened the tombe and there flew out an head#a right hideous for to see1 the which head flew all about the citie and countrey1 and sone after the citie and the countrey sanke downe1 ther are many perilous passages4 ,fro ,rodes to ,cipres is five hundred mile and more1 but men may go to ,cipres and come not at ,rodes4 ,cipres is a good yle a great1 and there are many good cities1 and there is an ,archbishoppe at ,nichosy1#b and foure other ,bishops in the lande4 ,and at ,famagost is one of the best havens on the sea that is in the worlde1 and there are christen men and ,sarasins and men of all nations4 ,in ,cipres is the hill of the holy crosse1 and there is the crosse of the good thefe ,dismas1 as ,i sayd before1 and some wene#c that there is halfe of the crosse of our lord1 but it is not so1 and they do wrong that make men to believe so4 ,in ,cipres lieth ,s4 ,simeon1 of whome the men of the countrey make a great solempnitie1 and in the ,castell of ,amours lyeth the body of ,saint ,hillarion1 and men kepe it worshipfully1 and beside ,famagost was sainct ,barnarde#d borne4 ,footnote #a3 ,an edder1 or adder--really meaning a winged serpent4 ,footnote #b3 ,nicosia4 ,footnote #c3 ,imagine4 ,footnote #d3 ,barnabas4 ,decoration ,,cap3 ,,vi4 ,of the maner of hunting in ,cipres4 ,illustration ,,in ,cipres men hunte with ,pampeons#a that be lyke to ,leopards1 and they take wylde beastes right well and they are somewhat more than lions1 and they take more sharply wilde beastes then houndes4 ,in ,cipres is a maner that lordes and other men eate upon the earthe1 for they make diches within the earth all about the hall depe to the knee1 and they pave them1 and when they will eate1 they goe therein sit there1 this they do to be more freshe1 for that lande is hotter then it is here4 ,and at great feastes and for strange men1 they set formes and bordes as they do in this countrey1 but they had lever#b sit in the earth4 ,from ,cipres men go by lande to ,hierusalem1 and by sea1 and in a day and a night he that hath good wind may come to that haven of ,tyre that now is called ,sur1 and it is also at the entre of ,surry4#c ,there was sometime a fayre citie of christen men1 but the ,sarasins haue destroyed the most parte thereof1 and they kepe ye hauen righte well1 for dread that they haue of ,christen men4 ,men might go right to that haven and come not in ,cipres1 but they go gladly to ,cipres to rest them on the lande1 or else to by#d thinges that they haue nede of to their living4 ,upon the sea side men may find many rubies1 and there is a well that holy write speaketh of ,fons ortorum et puteus aquarum viventum4 ,that is to say1 ,the well of gardeines and diches of waters living4 ,in the citie of ,tyre sayde the woman to our ,lorde1 ,beatus venter qui te portavit et ubera que succisti4 ,that is as much to say1 ,blessed be the body that bare thee1 and the pappe of the which thou suckest4 ,and there our ,lorde forgave the woman of ,canee hir sinnes1 and there was also in that place wont to be the stone on which our ,lord sat and preached on the same stone was founded the ,church of ,sainct ,saviour4 ,and upon that ,see is the citie of ,saphon1 ,sarep1 or ,sodome and there was wont to dwell ,elias the prophet there was raised ,jonas the prophete the widowes sonne1 and fiue myle from ,saphen is the citie of ,sydon1 of which citie ,dido that was ,eneas wife after the destruction of ,troy was queene1 and that founded the ,citie of ,carthage in ,affryke and now is called ,didonsart4 ,and in the citie of ,tyre raigned ,achilles1 the father of ,dido and a myle#e from ,sidon is ,beruth1 from ,beruth to ,sardena is three days journey and from ,sardena is five myle to ,damas4 ,footnote #a3 ,large wild dogs2 they are described by ,jacobus de ,vitriaco 7the ,cardinal71 in his ,histori ,orientalis1 thus3 ,papiones quos appellant1 canes silvestres1 acriores quam lupi4 ,footnote #b3 ,liefer1 rather4 ,footnote #c3 ,syria4 ,footnote #d3 ,buy4 ,footnote #e3 ,other editions say #af miles4 ,,cap4 ,,vii4 ,of the haven of ,jaffe also named4 ,,who so will go lenger upon the sea and come nerer to ,hierusalem--you shall go from ,cipres by sea to porte ,jaffe1 for that is the next haven to ,hierusalem1 for from that haven it is but a days journey a halfe to ,hierusalem ,and that haven is called ,jaffe1 and the towne ,affe after one of ,noyes#a sonnes that men call ,japheth that founded it1 and now it is called ,jops4 ,and ye shall understand that it is the eldest town of the world1 for it was made before ,noes floud and there be the bones of a giaunts side that be ,,xl fote long4 ,footnote #a3 ,noah's4 ,,cap3 ,,viii4 ,of the haven of ,tyre4 ,,and who arriveth at the first haven of ,tyre1 or of ,surrey beforesayde1 may go by land if he will to ,hierusalem1 and he goeth to the citie of ,acon in a day1 it was called ,tholomayda1 and it was a citie of christen men sometime1 but it is now destroyed and it is on the sea4 ,and it is from ,venice to ,acon by the sea two thousand and ,lxxx myle of ,lombardy from ,calabre or fro ,cicill it is to ,acon a thousand three hundred miles of ,lombardy4 ,,cap4 ,,ix4 ,of the hill ,carme4 ,illustration ,,and the yle of ,grece#a is right in the mid way1 and beside this citie of ,acon towarde the sea at viii#b hundred furlonges on the righte hande towarde the southe is the hil ,carme#c where ,elias the prophet dwelled1 and there was the ordre of ,carme#d fyrst founded4 ,this hyl is not ryghte greate1 ne hygh1 and at the foote of this hill was sometime a good citie of chrysten men1 that was called ,cayphas1 for ,cayphas founded it1 but it is nowe all wasted4 ,and at the lyfte syde of the hyll is a ,town that men call ,saffre1 and that is sette upon another hil1 there was ,sainct ,james and saynt ,john borne1 and in the worshippe of them is there a faire church made4 ,and from ,tholomayda that men now call ,acon1 to a great hill that men call ,ekale#e de ,tyrreys is an hundred furlongs1 and beside that citie of ,acon runneth a lyttle ryver that men call ,belyon1 and there nere is the fosse of ,minon#f all round that is a hundred cubytes or shaftments#g broade1 and it is all full of gravell1 cleare shyninge1 whereof men make white glasse cleare1 and men come from far countreys by shippe1 and by lande with cartes to take of the gravell if there be never so much taken thereof in a daye1 on the morow it is full againe as ever it was1 and that is great marvaile1 and there is alwaye winde in that fosse that styreth alway the gravell and maketh it troubled4 ,and if a man put or do therein any mettal1 as sone as it is therein it waxeth glasse1 and the glasse that is made of this gravell if it be done#h into the gravell tourneth againe into the gravell as it was before some say that it is a swallow#i of the sea gravell4#aj ,footnote #a3 ,crete4 ,footnote #b3 ,pynson and others say #abj furlongs4 ,footnote #c3 ,carmel4 ,footnote #d3 ,carmelite friars4 ,footnote #e3 ,the scale1 or ladder1 of ,tyre4 ,footnote #f3 ,meaning the sepulchre of ,memnon4 ,footnote #g3 ,a shaftment was a measure taken from the top of the extended thumb to the outmost part of the palm--usually taken as six inches4 ,footnote #h3 ,buried4 ,footnote #i3 ,whirlpool4 ,footnote #aj3 ,this story is said to come from ,solinus1 and is mentioned in ,mnster's ,cosmographia1 and in other books4 ,,cap4 ,x4 ,how ,sampson slew the ,king and his enimies4 ,illustration ,,also from ,acon beforesaid1 men go three#a journeys to the citie of ,philisten1 that now is called ,gaza1 that is to say the rich citie it is right fayre and full of folke and it is a little uppon the sea1 and from that citie broughte the strong ,sampson the gates of the ,citie uppon a highe hill1 where he was taken in the ,citie1 and there he slewe the ,king in his palace1 and many thousande more with him1 for he made an house to fall on them4 ,and from thence shal men go to the citie of ,cesaryen1#b and so to the castell of ,pylleryns#c and then to ,askalon1 and so forth to ,japhat#d and so unto the holy citie of ,hierusalem4 ,footnote #a3 ,pynson and others say four4 ,footnote #b3 ,csarea4 ,footnote #c3 ,pilgrims4 ,footnote #d3 ,jaffa4 ,,cap4 ,,xi4 ,the waye to ,babylon whereas the ,soudan dwelleth4 ,illustration ,,and whoso wyll go through the lande of ,babylon where the ,soudan#a dwelleth1 to have leave to go more sykerly#b throughe the ,churches countreys1 and to go to mount ,sinay before he come to ,hierusalem1 and then turne agayne by ,hierusalem2 he shall goe from ,gaza to the castell ,dayre4 ,and after a man commeth out of ,surry1 and goeth in the wildernesse1 where the waye is full sandy1 and the wyldernesse lasteth eyght ,journeys1#c where men findeth all that them nedeth of vytayles and men call that wyldernesse ,archelleke1#d and whan a man commeth out of this deserte1 hee entreth into ,egypte1 and they call ,egypte1 ,canopat1#e and in another language men call it ,mersyne1#f and the fyrste goode towne that men fynde is called ,beleth1 and it is at the ende of the ,kingdome of ,alape1#g and from thence men come to ,babylon and to ,kayre1#h and in ,babylon is a fayre churche of our lady1 where she dwelled vii yeare when she was oute of the lande of ,jewes1 for dreade of ,kynge ,herode4 ,and there lyeth the bodye of ,saynte ,barbara vyrgyn1 and there dwelled ,joseph whan he was solde of his brethrene1 and there made ,nabugodonosor put the children in 7the7 fire1 for they were of right#i trouth1 the which chyldren men call ,anania1 ,azaria1 and ,misael 7as ye psalme of ,benedicite saith7 but ,nabugodonosor called them thus1 ,sydrac1 ,mysac1 ,abdenago1 that is to say1 ,god glorious1 ,god victorious1 ,god over all ,kingedomes1 and that was for myracle that he made ,goddes sonne1 as he sayd1 go wyth those chyldren throughe the fyre4 ,there dwelleth the ,soudan1 for there is a faire citie and a stronge castell and it standeth upon a rocke4 ,in that ,castell is always dwellyng to kepe the castell and to serve the soudan1 above viii#aj thousand persons or folk that take all theyr necessaries at the ,soudans courte4 ,i should well knowe it1 for ,i dwelled with him soudiour#aa in his warres a great while agayne the ,bedions1#ab and he wold haue wedded me to a great princes daughter ryght richly1 if ,i would haue forsaken my faith4 ,footnote #a3 ,sultan4 ,footnote #b3 ,certainly1 surely4 ,footnote #c3 ,day's march4 ,footnote #d3 ,athylec1 ,abylech1 ,alhylet1 ,alhelet1 ,abylet4 ,footnote #e3 ,query ,canopus1 a city #ab miles from ,alexandria1 named after the pilot of ,menelaus' vessel1 who was buried here4 ,footnote #f3 ,mersur1 ,morsyn4 ,footnote #g3 ,aleppo4 ,footnote #h3 ,cairo4 ,footnote #i3 ,true faith4 ,footnote #aj3 ,other editions say #f1jjj4 ,footnote #aa3 ,soldier4 ,footnote #ab3 ,bedouins4 ,,cap4 ,,xii4 ,yet here followeth of the ,soudan and of his ,kingdomes that he hath conquered1 which he holdeth strongly with force4 ,,and ye shall understand that the ,soudan is lorde of v ,kingdomes3 the which he hath conquered and gotten to him by strength1 and these be they--the ,kingdome of ,canopate 7that is7 the ,kingdome of ,egipte1 the ,kingdome of ,hierusalem3 whereof ,david and ,salomon were ,kings1 the ,kingdome of ,surry1 of the which the citie of ,damas#a was the chiefe1 the ,kingdome of ,alape in the lande of ,dameth1 and the ,kingdome of ,arabya3 which was one of the three ,kinges that made offeryng to our ,lorde when he was borne1 and many other landes he holdeth in his hande1 and also he holdeth ,calaphes#b that is a great thing to the ,soudan1 that is to say1 among them ,roys#c yle and this vale is colde4 ,illustration ,illustration ,and then men go uppon the mount of ,sainct ,katherina and that is much higher than the mount ,moyses4 ,and there as saint ,katheryn was graven#d is no church ne castell1 ne other dwelling place1 but there is an hyll of stones gathered togither1 about the place there she was graven of ,aungels1 there was wont to be a chapell1 but it is all cast downe yet lyeth there a great parte of the stones4 ,but under the foote of mount ,sinay is a monasterie of ,monkes1 and there is the church of ,sainct ,katherine wherein be many lamps brenning1 and they have oyle onlye enough to eate and to brenne1 and that they haue by myracle of ,god1 there come certaine of all maner of byrdes euery yeare once1 lyke pylgrymes and eche of them bringeth a braunch of olyve in token of offering1 whereof they make much oyle4 ,footnote #a3 ,damascus4 ,footnote #b3 ,khalifs4 ,footnote #c3 ,who are accounted there as kings4 ,footnote #d3 ,buried4 ,,cap4 ,,xiii4 ,for to returne fro ,sinay to ,hierusalem4 ,,now sythen a man hath visited this holy place of ,sainct ,katheryn and he will torne to ,hierusalem1 he shall fyrst take leave of the ,monkes1 and recommend him specially to their prayers1 then those ,monks will freely giue to ,pilgrims victuals to pass through the ,wildernesse to ,surry that lasteth well xiii ,journeys4 ,and in that wyldernesse dwell many ,arabyns that men call ,bedoins and ,ascoperdes1#a these are folk that are full of all maner of yll condycyons1 and they have no houses1 but tentes1 the wyche they make of beastes skinnes1 as of camelles and other beastes the whyche they eate1 and thereunder they lye1 and they dwell in places where they maye fynde water1 as on the rede sea1 for in that wildernesse is greate defaute of water1 and it faileth ofte where a man findeth water one time1 he fyndeth it not another tyme1 and therefore make they no houses in those countreys4 ,these men that ,i speake of tyll not the land1 for they eate no breade1 but#b yf it be anye that dwelleth neare a goode towne4 ,and they rost al theyre fishes and flesh upon the hote stones agaynst the sonne1 and they are stronge men and well fyghtynge1 and they do nothinge but chace wyld beastes for theyr sustenaunce1 and they sette#c not by theyr lyves1 therfore they dreade not the ,soudan nor no prince of all the worlde4 ,and they haue greate warre wythe the ,soudan1 and the same tyme that ,i was dwelling with him they bare but a shelde and a speare for to defende them with1 and they holde#d none other armour1 but they wynde theyr heades and neckes in a great lynnen clothe1#e and they are men of full yll kynde4 ,illustration ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,or ,giants from the ,arabic askhaf1 a tall1 big-boned man4 ,it will be remembered that ,sir ,bevis of ,southampton brought home a ,giant ,ascapart--who probably was one of them4 ,footnote #b3 ,unless4 ,footnote #c3 ,they value not4 ,footnote #d3 ,have4 ,footnote #e3 ,a turban4 ,,cap4 ,,xiiii4 ,as men are passed this wyldernesse againe comming to ,hierusalem4 ,,and when men are passed this wyldernesse towarde ,hierusalem they come to ,barsabe#a that was sometime a fayre and a lykyng towne of ,christen men1 and yet is some of their churches1 and in that towne dwelled ,abraham the ,patryarke4 ,this towne of ,barsabe founded ,uryas wife1 of whom ,david engendred ,salomon the wyse that was ,kyng of ,hierusalem1 and of the xii kindes#b of ,israell1 and he raigned xl yeare4 ,and from thence go men to the vale of ,ebron1 that is from thence nere xii myle and some call it the vale of ,mambre1#c and also it is called the vale of ,teeres1 for as much as ,adam in that vale he wept a hundred yeare the death of his sonne ,abel that ,cayne slew4 ,and ,ebron was sometime#d the principall ,citie of the ,philistines there dwelled giaunts there it was so free1 that all that had done evill in other places were there saved4 ,in ,ebron ,josue and#e ,calope and theyr felowship came fyrst to espy how they might wynne the lande of promyssion4 ,in ,ebron ,david raigned fyrst vii yeare and a halfe in ,hierusalem he raigned xxxii#f yeare and a halfe1 and there be the graves of the ,patryarkes--,adam1 ,abraham1 ,jacob and theyr wyves1 ,eve1 ,sare1 ,rebecca#g and they are in the hanging#h in the hyll4 ,and under them is a right fayre ,churche ,kirnelde#i after the facion and maner as it were a ,castell1 the which the ,sarasins keepe right well1 and they haue that place in greate worship for the holy ,patryarkes that lieth there1 and they suffer no ,christen men ne ,jewes to come therein but they have speciall grace of the ,soudan1 for they holde ,christen men and ,jewes but as houndes that should come in no holy place1 and they call the place ,spelunke#aj or double cave or double grave2 for one lyeth on another1 and the ,sarasins call it in theyr language ,caryatharba1 that is to say the place of ,patryarkes1 and the ,jewes call it ,arboth4 ,and in that same place was ,abrahams house1 and that was the same ,abraham which sat in his dore1 and saw three persons and worshipped but one1 as holy wryt witnesseth saying1 ,tres videt et unum adoravit4 ,that is to saye1 he saw three and worshipped but one1 and him took ,abraham into his house4 ,footnote #a3 ,beersheba4 ,footnote #b3 ,tribes4 ,footnote #c3 ,mamre4 ,footnote #d3 ,formerly4 ,footnote #e3 ,jehoshua and ,caleb 7see ,numbers1 cap4 #ac74 ,footnote #f3 ,pynson and others say #cc years and a half4 ,footnote #g3 ,all other editions have and of ,lya1 or ,leah1 who is evidently here forgotten4 ,footnote #h3 ,caves cut in the side of the rock4 ,footnote #i3 ,crenelated or battlemented4 ,footnote #aj3 ,lat4 ,spelunca1 a cave4 ,,cap4 ,,xv4 ,here foloweth a lyttle of ,adam ,eve and other things4 ,illustration ,,and right nere to that place is a cave in a ,roche where ,adam and ,eve dwelled whan they were dryven out of ,paradyse1 and there got they theyr chyldren4 ,and in that place was ,adam made as some men saye1 for men called sometime that place the felde of ,damasse1#a for it was in the worshippe#b of ,damasse2 and fro thence he was translated into ,paradyse as they saye1 and afterwarde he was driven out of ,paradyse1 and put there agayne1 for the same daye that he was put into ,paradyse1 the same day he was driven out1 for so soone he synned4 ,and there begynneth the yle#c of ,ebron that lasteth nere to ,hierusalem1 and the ,aungell bad ,adam that he should dwell wyth his wyfe1 and there they engendred ,seth1 of the which kyndred#d ,jesu ,christ was borne4 ,and in that vale is the felde where men draw out of the earth a thinge the which men in that countrey call ,chambell and they eate that thinge in the stede of spyce they beare it to sell1 and men may not grave#e there so deepe ne so wyde1 but it is at the yeares ende full againe up to the sydes through the grace of ,god4 ,and two myle from ,ebron is the grave of ,loth#f that was ,abraham's brother4 ,footnote #a3 ,damascus4 ,footnote #b3 ,pynson and others say lordship4 ,footnote #c3 ,vale4 ,footnote #d3 ,kindred or tribe4 ,footnote #e3 ,dig4 ,footnote #f3 ,lot4 ,,cap4 ,,xvi4 ,of the dry tree4 ,illustration ,,when a lyttle from ,ebron is the mounte of ,mambre1 of the which mount the vale toke his name1 and there is the tree of oke that the ,sarasins call dypre1#a that is of ,abraham's time1 that men call the dry tree4 ,and they say that it hath ben from the beginning of the worlde1 and was sometime grene and bare leaves1 unto the tyme that our ,lorde dyed1 and so did all the trees in the worlde1 or else they fayled in their heartes1 or else they faded1 and yet is there many of those in the worlde4 ,and some prophesies say1 that a lorde or prince of the weste syde of the worlde shall winne the lande of promission1 that is the holy lande1 with the helpe of ,christen men1 and he shall do singe#b a masse under that tree1 and the tree shall waxe grene and beare fruite and leaves1 and through that miracle many ,sarasins and ,jewes shal be turned to the ,christen fayth1 and therefore they do great worship therto1 and kepe it right#c basely4 ,and yet though it be dry1 it beareth a great vertue1 for certainly he that hath a lyttle thereof about him1 it healeth a sicknesse called the falling evill1 and hath many other vertues also1 and therefore it is holden right precious4 ,footnote #a3 ,pynson and others read ,dyrpe or ,dirpe4 ,footnote #b3 ,cause a mass to be sung4 ,footnote #c3 ,to keep it carefully4 ,,cap4 ,,xvii4 ,fro ,bethlehem4 ,,from ,ebron men go to ,bethlehem in halfe a daye1 for it is but five myle1 and it is a fayre waye thorow#a woddes full pleasaunt4 ,bethlem is but a little citie long and narowe1 and well walled1 and enclosed with a great diche and it was wont to be called ,effrata as holy wryte sayth ,ecce audivimus eum in ,effrata c41 ,that is to saye1 ,lo we herde him in ,effrata4 ,and toward the ende of the citie toward the ,east1 is a ryght fayre churche and a gracious and it hath many toures1 pinacles and kirnelles#b full strongly made within that ,church is xliiii great pyllers of marble betwene this church the field#c florished1 as ye shall here4 ,footnote #a3 ,through woods4 ,footnote #b3 ,battlements4 ,footnote #c3 ,the flowered field4 ,,cap4 ,,xviii4 ,of a fayre mayden that should be put to death wrongfully4 ,illustration ,,the cause is1 for as much as a fayre maiden yt was blamed wyth wrong that she hadde done fornication1 for the which cause she was demed#a to dye and to bee brente#b in that place to the which she was ledde4 ,and as the woode began to brenne about hir1 she made hir prayer to our ,lorde as she was not gyltie of that thing1 that he would helpe hir that it might be knowne to all men4 ,and whan she had thus sayde1 she entred the fyre and anone the fyre went out1 and those braunches that were brenninge became red ,roses and those braunches that were not kindled became white ,rosiers#c full of white roses1 and those were the fyrst roses and rosyers that any man sawe1 and so was the mayden saved through the grace of ,god1 and therefore is that felde called the feeld of ,god florished1 for it was full of ,roses4 ,also besyde the quire of that ,church aforesayd at the right side as men come downwarde xii#d grees#e is the place where our ,lorde was borne that is now full well dyght#f of ,marble full rychely depaynted of golde1 sylver and asure and other colours4 ,and a lyttle thens by three paces is the crybe#g of the ,oxe and the ,asse1 and besyde yt is the place where the sterre#h fell that lede the three ,kinges ,jasper1 ,melchior and ,balthasar1 but men of ,grece call the ,kinges thus1 ,galgalath1 ,saraphy1 ,malgalath4 ,these three ,kinges offered to our ,lorde1 ,encence1 ,gold ,mirre and they came together through myracle of ,god1 for they mette togither in a citie that men call ,chasak1 that is liii journeys from ,bethleem1 and there they were at ,bethleem the fourth#i daye after they hadde seene the sterre4 ,and under the cloyster of this church xviii grees#aj at the righte syde is a great pytte where the bones of the ,innocentes lie1 and before that place where ,chryst was borne is the tombe of ,sainct ,jerom that was a priest and a ,cardinal that translated the ,byble and the ,sauter#aa from ,hebrew into ,latyn1 and beside that church is a ,church of ,saynte ,nycolas1 where our ,lady rested hir whan she was delivered of chyld1 and for as much as she had so much mylke in hir pappes that it greved hir1 she mylked it out uppon the redde stones of ,marble1 so that yet may the traces bee seene whyte uppon the stones4 ,and ye shall understande that all that dwell in ,bethleem are ,chrysten men1 and there are fayre vynes all aboute the citie and great plentie of wine1 for their booke that ,mahomet betoke#ab them1 the which they call ,alkaron and some call it ,massap and some call it ,harme1 forbiddeth them to drinke any wyne1 for in that booke ,machomet curseth all those that drynke of that wyne and all that sell it1 for some men saye that he onse slewe a good hermite in his dronkennesse which#ac he loved much1 and therefore he cursed the wyne1 and them that drynke wyne1 but his malyce is torned to hymselfe1 as holye writ sayth ,et in verticem ipsius iniquitus ejus descendit1 ,that is to say in ,englyshe1 ,his wickednesse shall descende on his owne head4 ,and also the ,sarasins bringeth forthe no geise1#ad ne they eate no swines fleshe1 for they say it is brother to manne and that it was forbidden in the olde lawe4 ,also in the lande of ,palestine ne in the lande of ,egypte they eate but lyttle veale and beefe but it be so olde that it may no more travayll#ae ne werke1 not that it is forbidden but they kepe them to tylling of their lande4 ,in this castell of ,bethleem was ,kyng ,david borne and he had ,lx wives and ccc lemmans4 ,from ,bethleem to ,hierusalem is two myle1 and in the way of ,hierusalem halfe a myle from ,bethleem is a ,church where the aungell sayd to the shepherdes of the bearing of ,christ4 ,in that waye is the tombe of ,rachel that was ,josephs mother the ,patryarke and she dyed as soone as she hadde borne ,benjamyn and there she was buried1 and ,jacob hir husbande set xii great stones upon hir in tokening that she had borne xii children4 ,in this way to ,hierusalem are many ,christen churches by the which men go to ,hierusalem4 ,footnote #a3 ,condemned4 ,footnote #b3 ,burnt4 ,footnote #c3 ,rose bushes4 ,footnote #d3 ,other editions say #af4 ,footnote #e3 ,steps4 ,footnote #f3 ,adorned4 ,footnote #g3 ,crib or ,manger4 ,footnote #h3 ,star4 ,footnote #i3 ,other editions say thirteenth4 ,footnote #aj3 ,paces4 ,footnote #aa3 ,psalter4 ,footnote #ab3 ,gave4 ,footnote #ac3 ,whom4 ,footnote #ad3 ,breed no pigs4 ,footnote #ae3 ,plough or draw loads4 ,,cap4 ,,xix4 ,of the citie of ,hierusalem4 ,,for to speake of ,hierusalem1 ye shall understande that it standeth fayre among hylles1 and there is neither ryver nor well1 but water commeth by conduit from ,ebron1 and ye shall wete that men called it first ,jebus and sythen it was called ,salem unto the time of ,king ,david1 and he set those two names togither and called it ,hierusalem and so it is called yet4 ,and aboute ,hierusalem is the ,kingdome of ,surry1 thereby is the lande of ,palestyne and ,askalon1 but ,hierusalem is in the lande of ,jude1 and it is called ,judee1 for ,judas ,maccabeus was ,king of that lande1 and also it marcheth afterward on the ,kingedome of ,araby1 on the ,south side on the lande of ,egipt1 on the west side on the great sea1 on the north syde on the ,kingdome of ,surry and the sea of ,cipres4 ,about ,hierusalem are these cities4 ,ebrone at viii#a myle1 ,jerico at vi myle ,barsebe at viii myle ,askalon xviii#b myle1 ,jaffa at xxv#c ,ramatha at iiii#d mile4 ,at ,bethlem towarde the ,south is a church of saint ,markerot1#e that was abbot there1 for whom they made much sorow when he should dy it is painted there how they made dole#f when he dyed1 and it is a piteous thing to beholde4 ,this lande of ,hierusalem hath ben in dyvers nations hands1 as ,jewes1 ,cananens1 ,assyrians1 ,percians1 ,macedons1 ,grekes1 ,romayns ,chrysten men1 ,sarasins1 ,barbaryans1 ,turkes many other nacions4 ,for ,chryste wyll not that it be long in the handes of traytours ne sinners be they ,christen or other4 ,and now hath the mistrowing#g men holden that lande in theyre handes ,lx yeare more1 but they shall not holde it long and if#h ,god wyll4 ,footnote #a3 ,other editions say respectively #g1 #ag1 #af4 ,footnote #b3 ,as ,footnote #a4 ,footnote #c3 ,as ,footnote #a4 ,footnote #d3 ,other editions say #c miles4 ,footnote #e3 ,variously written1 ,markertot1 ,karitot1 ,karscati1 and ,mercaritot4 ,footnote #f3 ,grieved1 from ,lat4 ,dolor4 ,footnote #g3 ,unbelieving1 or heathen4 ,footnote #h3 ,unless it is ,god's pleasure4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,xx4 ,yet of the holy citie of ,hierusalem4 ,illustration ,,and ye shall understand that whan men fyrst come to ,hierusalem1 they go fyrste a pylgrimage to the ,church1 where that the holy grave is1 the whiche is out of the citie on the ,north syde1 but it is now closed in with the wall of the towne1 and there is a full fayre church rounde1 all open aboue1 and well covered with leede and on the west syde is a fayre toure and a strong for belles4 ,and in the middes of the church is a ,tabernacle made like a little house1 in maner of halfe a compasse1 ryght well and richly of gold and asure and other coloures well dyght on the ryght syde is the sepulchre of oure ,lorde1 and the tabernacle is viii foote long and v fote wide and xi fote of height4 ,and it is not longe sythen the sepulchre was all open1 yt men might kysse it and touche it3 but for men that came thether payned#a them to breake the stones in peces or pouder1 therefore the ,soudan hath made a wall about the sepulchre that no man may touch it4 ,on the lefte syde is no wyndowe1 but therein is many lampes light1 and there is a lampe that hangeth before the sepulcre lyght brenning and on the fryday it goeth oute by itselfe1 and lyghteth againe by itselfe at the houre that our ,lorde rose from death to life4 ,and within that church upon that right side is the mount ,calvary1 where our ,lord was done on the crosse1 and the crosse was sette in a morteys#b in the roche that is white of coloure1 and a lyttle redde medled#c with1 and upon that roche dropped the bloude of the woundes of our ,lord whan he was pained on the crosse that is called ,golgatha and men go up to that ,golgatha upon greces4#d ,and in that mortays was ,adams head founde after ,noyes flood1 in token that the sinnes of ,adam1 shoulde bee boughte in the same place1 and aboue that roche made ,abraham sacryfice to our ,lord1 and there is an auter1#e and before that auter lyeth ,godfry of ,boleyn1#f ,bawdewyn#g and other that were ,christen and kinges of ,hierusalem4 ,and ther as our ,lord was done#h upon the crosse1 is thys wrytten in greke1 ,otheos#i basylon1 ysmon persemas1 ergaste sothyas oyos4 ,that is to say in latine1 ,hic ,deus ,rex noster ante secula operatus est salutem in medio terr1 ,that is to saye1 ,this ,god our ,king before worldes1 hath wrought healthe in the myddes of the earth4 ,and also upon the roche where the crosse was fyxed is wrytten within the roche1 ,eros#aj guyst basys1 thou1 pestes1 thoy1 thesmoysy4 ,that is to say in latin1 ,quod vides est fundamentum totius mundi et hujus fidei4 ,and it is to saye1 that thou seest1 is grounde of all the world and of this faith4 ,and ye shall understande that our ,lorde whan he dyed was thyrty two#aa yeare olde and three monethes and the prophecie of ,david sayth that he should haue xl yeares1 when he saith thus4 ,quadraginta annis proximus fui generatione huic1 that is to say1 fourtie yeare was ,i neighbour to this kinde1 and thus it should seme that prophecie were not sothe1#ab but it is4 ,for in olde time men called yeares of ten monethes of the which ,marche was the fyrst ,december the last4 ,but ,cayus ,cezar#ac that was ,emperour of ,rome dyd sette to these two moneths ,januarie ,februarie and ordeyned the yere of xii months4 ,that is to say ccc#ad dayes without lepe yere the proper course of the sonne and therefore after the accompting of x moneths to the yeare1 he dyed in xl yeare and three moneths4 ,illustration ,also within mounte ,calvary at the ryghte syde is there an aulter where the piller lyeth that our ,lorde was bound to when he was scourged and thereby are three#ae other pyllers that alwaye drop water1 and some saye that those pyllers weepe for our ,lords death1 and neare this aulter in a place xlii grees#af depe was founde the verye crosse by the assent#ag of sainct ,eleyn#ah under a roch where the ,jewes had hydde it and it was assayed1 for they founde three crosses1 one of our ,lorde and two of theves4 ,and ,saint ,elene assayed them on a dead body that rose as sone as the very#ai crosse of our ,lorde was laid on him4 ,and thereby1 in the vale1 is the place where the foure nayles of our ,lord were hyd1 for he had two nayles in his handes and two in his fete1 and one of those nailes the ,emperour of ,constantinople#bj dyde make a bridell for his horse to beare him in bataile1 for by#ba the vertue that it had1 he overcame his enimies1 and wan#bb all the land of ,asye1 ,turky1 ,damasse the more#bc and the lesse1 ,surrey and ,hierusalem1 ,araby1 ,percy1 and ,mesopotamy1 the ,kingdome of ,alabe1#bd ,egipt the high and the lowe1 and other kingdomes many full nyghe all unto ,ethyope the low1 and also unto ,inde the lesse1 that then was chrysten4 ,and there was in that tyme many good men and holy hermits1 of whome the booke of#be the fathers lyves speaketh1 and they are now in ,paynims ,sarasins handes1 but whan ,god will righte#bf as these landes are lost through sinne of ,christen men1 so shall they be won againe by christen men throygh the helpe of ,god4 ,and in the myddes of this ,church is a compasse1#bg in the which ,joseph of ,armath#bh layd the body of our ,lord whan he had taken him of#bi the crosse upon the same place dyd he wash the fete of our ,lorde1 that compasse men say is in the myddes of the world4 ,footnote #a3 ,tried hard4 ,footnote #b3 ,mortise4 ,footnote #c3 ,mixed4 ,footnote #d3 ,steps4 ,footnote #e3 ,altar4 ,footnote #f3 ,bouillon4 ,footnote #g3 ,baldwin4 ,footnote #h3 ,placed4 ,footnote #i3 ,should read ,greek3 ,ho ,theos ,basileus hmn pro ainn eirgasato strian en mes ts gs4 ,footnote #aj3 ,should read ,greek3 ,ho eides1 esti ,basis ts pistes hols tou kosmou toutou4 ,footnote #aa3 ,other editions have #cc years and #c months4 ,footnote #ab3 ,sooth1 true4 ,footnote #ac3 ,caius ,julius ,csar4 ,footnote #ad3 ,other editions give the proper number of days1 viz41 #cfe4 ,footnote #ae3 ,other editions say four1 which is the number represented in the engraving4 ,footnote #af3 ,paces4 ,footnote #ag3 ,perception1 or sagacity4 ,lat41 sensus4 ,footnote #ah3 ,helena1 mother of ,constantine4 ,footnote #ai3 ,true1 veritable4 ,footnote #bj3 ,another is said to be incorporated in the so-called ,iron ,crown of ,lombardy4 ,guisto ,fontanini1 ,archbishop of ,ancyra1 gives a list of twenty-three places claiming to have a nail--,venice having three4 ,m4 ,rohault de ,fleury gives six more--whilst1 according to tradition1 ,helena sent two to her son1 and threw one in the sea to still a storm1 thus leaving but one to meet all demands4 ,footnote #ba3 ,through4 ,footnote #bb3 ,won or conquered4 ,footnote #bc3 ,greater4 ,footnote #bd3 ,aleppo4 ,footnote #be3 ,the ,vit ,sanctorum ,patrum1 many old printed copies of which exist4 ,footnote #bf3 ,when ,god thinks fit4 ,footnote #bg3 ,a linen swathing-band4 ,footnote #bh3 ,arimatha4 ,footnote #bi3 ,off4 ,,cap4 ,,xxi4 ,of the church of the holy sepulchre4 ,,in that ,churche of the sepulcre on the north syde is the place where our ,lord was done#a 7in7 prison1 and there is a part of the cheyne with which he was bound1 and there he appeared fyrst to ,mary ,magdeleyne when he was risen from death and she trowed#b that he had bene a gardeiner4 ,in the ,church of the sepulcre was wont to be#c ,chanons of sainct ,benet and they had a pryour2 but the ,patryarke was theyr soveraigne4 ,and without the dores of the ,churche on the righte syde as men go up xviii grees1#d our ,lorde sayde to his mother#e ,ecce filius tuus4 ,that is to say1 ,woman beholde thy sonne1 ,de inde dixit discipulo1 ,ecce mater tua4 ,that is to say1 ,then said he to his disciple1 ,behold thy mother4#f ,and these wordes he sayde when he hanged upon the crosse4 ,and upon these greces went our ,lorde when he bare the crosse uppon his shoulder1 and under these greces is a ,chappell where the priestes synge1 but not after our lawe1 and alway they make theyr ,sacrament of the aulter of bread1 say ,pater noster c41 and other prayers1 as with the which thing they say the wordes of whome the sacrament is made1 for they know not of the addicions that many ,popes haue made but they singe in good devocion4 ,and nere there is the stone wher our ,lord rested him when he was wery for bearing of the crosse4 ,and ye shall understand that before the ,churche of the ,sepulcre is the citie most strong#g for the great playne that is betwene the citie the church2 on the ,east side without the walles of the citie is the vale of ,josaphat that commeth to the walles4 ,in that vale of ,josaphat without the citie1 is the churche of sainct ,stephen where he was stoned to death1 and thereby is the gate gylted that may not be opened4 ,through this gate our ,lord entred on palme ,sonday upon an asse1 and the gate opened against him whan he would go to the ,temple1 and yet are the steppes of the asse sene in three places the which stand#h in full harde stones4 ,before the churche of the sepulcre two hundred paces1 is a great hospitall of ,sainct ,john1 in the which hospytall are liiii pyllers made of stone4 ,illustration ,and to go towarde the ,east from the hospitall is a righte fayre churche that men call our lady the greate1 and then is there another church after that1 that men call our lady of the latyn1#i and there it was ,mary ,cleophe and ,magdeleyne drew#aj theyr here whan oure ,lord was put to death4 ,footnote #a3 ,put4 ,footnote #b3 ,thought or believed4 ,footnote #c3 ,were formerly ,canons of the ,order of ,st4 ,benedict4 ,footnote #d3 ,should be greces or steps4 ,footnote #e3 ,the printer has omitted the word ,mulier ecce1 c4 ,footnote #f3 ,gospel according to ,st4 ,john1 cap4 #ai1 vv4 #bf1 #bg4 ,footnote #g3 ,pynson says1 most wake or weak1 and other editions say1 feeble4 ,footnote #h3 ,pynson has this passage3 ,the wyche are full of harde stones4 ,footnote #i3 ,pynson says ,nostre dame de ,vatyns4 ,footnote #aj3 ,tore4 ,,cap4 ,,xxii4 ,of the ,temple of ,god4 ,,and from the churche of the sepulcre towarde the ,east at xviii#a paces is ,templum ,domini4 ,that is a fayre house and it is all rounde and ryghte high covered with leed1#b and it is well paved with white marble1 but ye ,sarasins wyl suffre no christen men ne ,jewes to come therein1 for they say that so#c foule men should not come into that holye place1 but ,i came therein and in other places where ,i woulde1 for ,i had letters of the ,soudan1 wyth hys great seal1 and1 commonly1 other men but have of his signet1 and men beare hys letter with his seale before them hanginge on a speare1 and men do great worship thereto1 and kneele against#d it as it were against ,god's body3 for those men that it is sent to1 before they take it1 they encline#e thereto and then they take it1 and laye it upon their heads1 and afterward they kisse it1 and then they reade it1 all enclining with great worship1 and then they profer#f them to do all that the bringer will4 ,and in this ,templum ,domini were wont to be ,chanons regulers1 and they had an ,abbot to whome they were obedient1 in this ,temple was ,charlemaine when the ,aungell brought him the prepuis of our ,lorde when he was circumsised1 and after ,king ,charles brought it to ,acon#g into our ,ladies ,chapell4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,other editions say #afj paces4 ,footnote #b3 ,lead4 ,footnote #c3 ,such unclean4 ,footnote #d3 ,before4 ,footnote #e3 ,bow4 ,footnote #f3 ,proffer or offer4 ,footnote #g3 ,pynson and others say ,paris4 ,,cap4 ,,xxiii4 ,yet of the temple of ,god4 ,,and ye shall understande that this is not the temple that ,salomon made1 for that temple lasted but a thousand1 an hundred and two yeare4 ,for ,titus1 ,vespasianus ,son1 that was ,emperour of ,rome that layde syege about ,hierusalem for to discomfyte the ,jewes1 for they hadde put ,chryst to death without leave of the ,emperour1 and when he had taken the citie he did brenne the temple and caste it downe1 and toke all the ,jewes and put to death ,,cxim and the other he put in prison1 and solde xxx for a peny for they sayd that they bought ,jesu ,christ for xxx pence4 ,and sithen#a gave ,julian ,apostata leve to ye ,jewes to make the ,temple of ,hierusalem againe for he hated christen men1 and yet he was ,chrysten1 but he forsoke his lawe4 ,and whan the ,jewes hadde made the ,temple1 then came an earthe quacke 7as ,god woulde7 and caste downe all that they had made4 ,sythen ,adryan the ,emperour that was of them of ,troye made ,hierusalem againe and the ,temple in that same maner that ,salomon made it1 and would that no ,jewe should dwell there but all christen men1 for if all it were#b so that he was not chrystened1 he loved the christen men more than other men1 save men of his owne fayth4 ,and this emperour dyd enclose and wall the church of the holy sepulcre within the citie1 that before was farre without the citie1 and he would have chaunged the name of ,hierusalem and called it ,helyam1#c but that name lasted not longe4 ,and ye shall wete#d that the ,sarasins do greate worship to that ,temple and they saye that place is right holy1 and when they go therein they go bare foote and knele many times downe4 ,and when ,i and my felowes came therein1 we did of#e our harnesse#f and came bare foote into the ,temple thought that we should doe as much or more than they that were mistrowing4#g ,and this ,temple is three score#h and three cubites of wydenesse and as much of length and xxxii#i cubites in height and covered with lead and it is within full of pillers of ,marble4 ,and in the middes of the ,temple is a stage of twenty#aj and foure greces of height and good pillers all about4 ,this place called of ,jewes ,sancta ,sanctorum4 ,that is to say ,holy of ,holyest and in that place cometh none but their prelate that maketh theyr sacrafyce1 and the people standeth all about in divers stages1 after they are#aa of dignitie and worshippe1 and there be foure entrings into that ,temple and the dores are of ,cipres well dighte1#ab and within the ,east dore our ,lord sayd1 here is ,hierusalem4 ,and on the northe syde within the dore is a fountaine but it runneth not2 of the which holy writ speaketh saith thus--,vidi aquam egredientem de templo4 ,that is to saye1 ,i saw water comming out of the temple4 ,and upon the other side is a roche that men calle sometyme ,moryach1 but after it was called ,belet1#ac or the arke of ,god1 with the reliques of the ,jewes4 ,thys arke did ,titus cary with him to ,rome when he had discomfited all the ,jewes4 ,in that same arke were the ten commandementes and ,aarons rodde and ,moyses rodde with which he departed#ad the red sea1 when the people of ,israell passed through on dryefoote with that rod he did many wonders1 and there was the vessell of gold ful of manna1 clothing ornaments the tabernacle of ,aaron1 and a table square of golde with twelve precious stones1 a box of ,jasper graven with four figures eight names of our ,lorde within1 seven candlesticks of golde1 foure sensers of golde1 and an aulter also of fine gold foure lions of gold1 uppon the which they had ,cherubin of gold twelve spanne long1 a tabernacle of golde also twelve#ae trumpets of silver a table of sylver seven barly loves and all other reliques that were before the nativitie of ,jesu4 ,also upon this roch slept ,jacob1 when he sawe ,aungels go up and downe1 and sayde1 ,vere locus iste sanctus est1 et ego ignorabam1 ,that is to say ,forsooth this place is holy ,i wist#af it not4 ,and there the ,aungel chaunged ,jacob's name and called him ,israell4 ,and in that same place ,david saw the aungell that slew the people with a sworde1 and put it all blody in the shethe4 ,and in this roch was saynct ,symeon when he received our ,lorde into the temple1 and on this roch he set him when the ,jewes would have stoned him and the roch rived in two and in that refte#ag he hid him and after a sterre came downe gave him light4 ,and on this roch sat our ,lady and learned hir sauter4#ah ,and there forgave our ,lord the sinnes of the woman that was taken and found in adoultry1 and there was our ,lorde ,jesu ,christ circumcised1 and there the ,aungell denounced to ,zachary the nativitie of sainct ,jhon ,baptist1 and there offred fyrst ,melchisedech bread and wine and water to our ,lorde in tokening of the sacrament that was to come1 and there fell ,davyd1 praying to our ,lorde for mercy for him and for his people1 when he sawe the ,aungell slea#ai his people1 and our ,lorde anon herde his prayer1 therefore woulde he make the ,temple in that place1 but our ,lorde ,jesu ,christ forbadde hym by an ,aungell1 for he had done treason when he did slea ,euryas1 a good knight1 for to haue his wyfe4 ,and therefore all that he had ordeined for to make the ,temple he betoke#bj it to ,salomon hys sonne1 and he made it1 and he prayed our ,lorde1 that all those that prayed in that place devoutly1 and wyth good hearte1 that he woulde heare theyr prayer and graunt that they asked ryght wysely1 and our ,lorde graunted it1 and therefore ,salomons son called it the ,temple of counseyll and helpe of ,god4 ,wythout the dores of that ,temple is an auter1 where ,jewes were wont to offer doves#ba and turtylles1 and in that ,temple was ,zachary slayne1 and on that pynacle the ,jewes sette ,sainct ,james that was the fyrst ,byshoppe of ,hierusalem4 ,and a lyttle from this temple on the right syde1 is a church covered with lead1 that is called the scole#bb of ,salomon4 ,and toward the south is the temple of ,salomon that is full fayre1 and a greate place1 and in this place dwell knightes yt are called ,templars and that was the founder thereof and of theyr order and in that ,templum ,domini dwell ,chanons4 ,from this ,temple towarde the ,east xxvi#bc paces in a corner of the citie1 is the bathe of our ,lorde1 and 7in7 thys bath was wont to go#bd to ,paradise beside is our ,ladies bed and nere there is the tombe of ,saynt ,symeon4 ,and without the ,cloyster of the ,temple towarde the ,north is a ryght fayre ,churche of ,sainct ,anne our ,ladies mother1 there was our ladye conceyved1 and before that churche is a great tree that began to grow that same nighte4 ,and as men go downe from yt ,church xxii greces lieth ,joachim our ladyes father1 in a tombe of stone and there nere was layde sometyme sainct ,anne1 but saint ,eleyne did translate hir to ,constantinople4 ,in this churche is a well in maner of a cesterne that is called ,probatica piscina that hath five entrings1 and in that cesterne was wont an ,aungell to discende and sterre the water1 and what man that bathed him firste therein after the morning1#be was made hole that was sicke1 what sycknesse so euer he had1 and there was the man of the palsye made hole1 that was sicke xxxviii yeare and our ,lorde sayde to him in this maner of wyse ,tolle grabatum tuum et ambula4 ,that is to say1 take thy bed and go4 ,and there besyde1 was the house of ,pylate and a little thence was the house of ,kinge ,herode that dyd slea the ,innocentes4 ,footnote #a3 ,since then4 ,footnote #b3 ,for even if he were not baptised4 ,footnote #c3 lia4 ,footnote #d3 ,know4 ,footnote #e3 ,put off4 ,footnote #f3 ,armour4 ,footnote #g3 ,unbelieving4 ,footnote #h3 ,other editions say1 respectively1 #fd1 #abj1 and #ad4 ,footnote #i3 ,as ,footnote #h4 ,footnote #aj3 ,as ,footnote #h4 ,footnote #aa3 ,according to their dignity1 c4 ,footnote #ab3 ,finely ornamented4 ,footnote #ac3 ,bethel4 ,footnote #ad3 ,divided4 ,footnote #ae3 ,other editions say #b4 ,footnote #af3 ,knew4 ,footnote #ag3 ,rift or cleft4 ,footnote #ah3 ,psalter4 ,footnote #ai3 ,slay4 ,footnote #bj3 ,bequeathed4 ,footnote #ba3 ,pigeons and turtle doves4 ,footnote #bb3 ,school4 ,footnote #bc3 ,other editions say #abj4 ,footnote #bd3 ,others say1 wont to come water from ,paradise4 ,footnote #be3 ,pynson has it moving4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,xxiiii4 ,of ,herod the ,king4 ,,this ,king ,herod was a full wycked man and a fell1#a for he did firste and formost slea his wife which he loved full well1 and for the greate love of hir1 he went out of his witte1#b and so was he a long time1 and afterwarde he came againe to himselfe4 ,and sythen he did slea his own children that he had gotten of that same wyfe1 and after he made slea#c the other1 his second wife a son that he had gotten of that same wyfe1 and after he did slea his owne mother1 he wold also haue slaine his owne brother1 but his brother died sodeinly1 and thus he did all the yll that he might4 ,and then he fell syke and when he sawe that he should dye1 he sent for his sister1 and all the great lordes of that countrie1 and when they were there1 he did put all the ,lordes into a toure and sayde to his syster1 he wist well that the men of the countrey should make no sorowe for him when he was deade1 and therefore he made hir for to sweare unto him that she should#d do smite of the heads of his lordes every one1 after his death and then shoulde men of the countrey make sorowe for his death or else they woulde not sorowe and then he made his testament4 ,but his sister fulfylled it not as of that thing that pertayned unto the lordes1 for1 as sone as he was deade1 she delyvered the lordes out of the toure1 and sent every one home to theyr houses1 and tolde them what hir brother would that she do unto them4 ,and ye shall understande that in that tyme was three ,herodes of great name4 ,this of whome ,i speake1 men called him ,herode ,ascolonite1 and he that did smite of ,saint ,john ,baptist heade1 was called ,herode ,antipa and the thirde was called ,herode ,agrypa that did sleay ,saint ,james and put ,saint ,peter in prison4 ,footnote #a3 ,crafty4 ,footnote #b3 ,in ,pynson's version it is and for the greate love that he had to hir1 whan she was dede1 he behelde her1 and want out of his wyt4 ,footnote #c3 ,killed4 ,footnote #d3 ,cause to be smitten off4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,xxv4 ,of ,saynte ,salvators church4 ,illustration ,a ,,lyttel within the citie is saynct ,salvatours church therein is ,saint ,jhon ,crysostoms arme1 and the most part of ,sainct ,stephens head4 ,illustration ,and on the other syde towarde the south as men go to mount ,syon is a fayre church of sainct ,james where his head was smitten of1 and there is mounte ,syon and there is a fayre church of ,god and of our ,lady where she was dwelling and dyed1 and there was sometime an ,abbey of ,chanons regulers and from that place she was borne of the ,apostles unto the ,vale of ,josaphat4 ,and there is the stone that ye aungel bare to our ladye from mount ,synay it is of that colour that the roche of ,sainct ,katheryne is of1 and there besyde is the gate where our ,ladye when she was with ,childe went through to ,bethlem4 ,also at the entrynge of ,mount ,syon is a chappell and in that ,chapell is that stone greate and large1 with which the ,sepulcre was covered when ,christe was layde therein1 the which stone as it is wrytten ye three ,maryes saw turned upward when they came to the sepulcre1 and they found an ,aungell that sayd to them1 that ,christ was rysen from death to lyfe4 ,and there is a litle piller to the which our ,lord was bounde and scourged1 and there was ,anas house that was bishop of the ,jewes in that time1 and in that same place forsoke ,saint ,peter our ,lord thrise before the ,cocke crewe4 ,and there is a part of the table on the which ,god made his maunde with his disciples yet is there the vessell with water out of the which his disciples feete were washed1 and thereby is ,sainct ,stephens grave and there is the ,aulter where our ,lady heard the ,aungels sing masse and there appeared ,christ fyrst to his disciples after his resurrection1 and when the gates were sperde1#a and sayde ,pax vobiscum4 ,that is to saye1 ,peace be to you4 ,and on that ,mount apeared ,christ to ,sainct ,thomas1 and badde him assaye hys ,wounde1 and that was the viii daye after his resurrection and then he beleved perfectly sayde ,dominus meus deus meus4 ,that is to say in ,english1 ,my ,lorde my ,god4 ,in that same ,chappell behind the highe aulter were all the ,apostles on ,witsonday1 when the holy ghoste descended on them in likenesse of fyre1 and there made ,god ,paske#b with his disciples1 and there slepte ,saynt ,jhon the ,evangelyst on our ,lordes breast and saw sleping many privy things of heaven4 ,and mount ,syon is within the ,citie1 and it is a lyttle hygher than the other syde of the ,citie1 and that ,citie is stronger on that one syde than on the other1 for at the fote of mount ,syon is a fayre ,castell strong which the ,soudan did cause to be made there4 ,on mount ,syon was ,king ,david buried and ,salomon and many other ,kings of ,hierusalem1 and here is the place where saint ,peter wepte full tenderly when he had forsaken our ,lorde1 and a stones cast from that is another place where our ,lord was judged1 for that time was there ,caiphas house betwene that ,temple 7of7 ,salomon and ,mount ,sion is the place where ,christ raysed the mayden from death to lyfe4 ,under mount ,syon toward the vale of ,josaphat is a well that men call ,natatorium#c ,sylo1 there was our ,lord washed after he was baptized4 ,and thereby is the tree on which ,judas hanged himselfe for dispaire when he had soulde ,christ4 ,and thereby is the synagoge where the ,bishops of ,jewes and the ,pharyses came to hold theyr counsel and there ,judas cast the xxx pence before them said ,peccavi tradens sanguinem justum1 ,that is to saye1 ,i haue sinned in betraying the innocent bloude4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,shut4 ,footnote #b3 ,kept the ,passover4 ,footnote #c3 ,the ,pool of ,siloah4 ,,cap4 ,,xxvi4 ,of the feelde of ,acheldemack#a which was bought with the xxx pence4 ,,on the other syde of mount ,syon towarde the ,south a stons ,cast1 is the feeld that was bought with those xxx pence for which ,christe was sold1 that men call ,acheldemack1 that is to say the feeld of bloude1 in that feelde is many tombes of ,chrysten men for there bee many pylgrims graven4#b ,and also in ,hierusalem toward the weast1 is a fayre churche where the tree grew of which the crosse was made and thereby is a fayre churche where our lady mette with ,elizabeth when they were both with ,chylde sainct ,jhon styrred in his mothers wombe and made worship to our ,lord his maker1 and under the aulter of the church is a place where ,sainct ,jhon was borne and thereby is the castell of ,emax4#c ,footnote #a ,aceldama4 ,footnote #b ,buried4 ,footnote #c3 ,emmaus4 ,,cap4 ,,xxvii4 ,of mount ,joye4 ,,two myle from ,hierusalem is the mounte ,joye that is a fayre place and a liking1 there lieth ,samuell the prophete in a fayre tombe1 and it is called mount ,joye for there many pylgrims se first ,hierusalem4 ,and in the middle of the ,vale of ,josaphat is a lyttle ryver that is called ,torrens#a ,cedron1 and over thwart this laye a tree1 of the which the crosse was made1 that men passed over on4 ,also in ye vale is a churche of our lady1 and there is the sepulchre of our lady1 and our lady was of age when she dyed1 lxxii yeare4 ,and there nere is the place where our ,lorde forgaue ,sainct ,peter all his sinnes and mysdedes that he had done4 ,and beside that is a chappell where ,judas kissed our ,lorde1 that men call ,getsemay1#b and he was taken of the ,jewes1 and there lefte ,christ his disciples before his passion1 when he went to praye1 and seyd1 ,pater si fieri potest1 transeat a me calix iste1 that is to say in ,english1 ,father if it may be done1 let this chalice go from me4 ,also thereby is a chapell where our ,lord swet both bloud water and there is the tombe of ,king ,josaphat1 of whom the ,vale had the name1 and on the syde of that ,vale is the mount ,olivet1 and it is called so for there groweth many ,olive trees1 and it is higher than ,hierusalem therefore from that hill men may see into the streetes of ,hierusalem4 ,and betwene that hill and the citie is nothing but the vale of ,josaphat and that is not full large1 and uppon that hyl stode our ,lorde when he went into heaven1 and yet semeth there the steppe#c of his left foote in the stone4 ,and there is an ,abbey of black chanons that was great sometime1 but now there is but a church4 ,and but a little thence xviii paces is a chapell1 and there is the stone on the which our ,lord ,god sate and when he preched1 and sayde thus1 ,beati pauperes spiritu1 quoniam ipsorum est regnum celorum4 ,that is to saye in ,english1 ,blessed be they that are poore in spirite1 for theyrs is the ,kingdome of heaven1 and ther he taught his disciples theyr ,pater noster4 ,there also is a churche of that blessed woman ,mary ,egypcian1 and there is she buryed4 ,and uppon the other side towarde the ,east three bow shotes from thence1 standeth ,bethephage1 where our ,lorde ,jesu ,christ sente ,sainct ,peter and saynte ,james1 for to fetch an asse on ,palme ,sonday4 ,footnote #a3 ,the ,brook ,kedron4 ,footnote #b3 ,gethsemane4 ,footnote #c3 ,footprint4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,xxviii4 ,of the ,castell ,bethania4 ,,there toward the ,east is a castel1 that men call ,bethania and there dwelled ,symon the lepruse1 that harborowed#a our lord1 and them that were ,baptysed of his disciples1 and he was called ,julyan and was made ,bishop and that is he that men call on for good harborow4#b ,in that same place our lord forgave ,mary ,magdeleyne hir sinnes1 and there she washed his fete with teares wiped them with hir here there was ,lazarus raised that was foure dayes deade4 ,footnote #a3 ,lodged4 ,footnote #b3 ,protection4 ,,cap4 ,,xxix4 ,of ,jerico and other things4 ,,in the returning to mount ,olivet1 is the place where oure ,lorde wept uppon ,hierusalem and thereby#a our ,lady apeared to ,sainct ,thomas after hir assumption and gave him hir gyrdell and thereby is the stone on the which our ,lorde sat often upon and preched and thereon he shall syt at the day of ,judgement1 as himselfe sayd4 ,and there is mount ,galile where the appostels were gathered when ,mary ,magdelein tolde them of ,christe's rising4 ,betwene mount ,olivet mount ,galile is a church1 where the ,aungell sayde to our ,lady when she should die4 ,and from ,bethany to ,jerico is fiue myle4 ,jerico was sometime a little citie but it was wasted1 and now it is but a lyttle towne1 that towne toke ,josue through miracle of ,god1 bydding of the aungell1 and destroyed it1 cursed all those that builded it againe4 ,of that citie was ,raab that common woman1 that received messengers of ,israel kept them from many perils of deth1 therefore she had a good rewarde1 as holy writ sayth ,quando accepit prophetum in nomine meo mercedem prophet accipiet4 ,that is to say1 ,he that taketh a prophet in my name1 he shall take mede of a prophet4#b ,footnote #a3 ,close by4 ,footnote #b3 ,matt4 x4 #da1 ,he that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet1 shall receive a prophet's reward4 ,,cap4 ,,xxx4 ,of the holy place betwene ,bethany and flom ,jordane and other things4 ,,also from ,bethany men go from ,jordan thorow the ,wildernesse and it is nere a daies journey betwene4 ,toward the ,east is a great hill where our ,lord fasted ,,xl dayes upon this hill was ,christ brought of the fende#a of ,hell1 sayd to him thus1 ,dic ut lapides isti panis fiant4 ,that is to say1 ,commaund that these stones be made bread4 ,and there is an ,hermitage wher dwelled a maner of ,christen men called ,georgins#b for sainct ,george converted them1 and upon that hill dwelled ,abraham a great whyle4 ,also as men go to ,jerico1 in the way sate many sicke men crying1 ,jesu fili ,david1 misere nobis4 ,that is to say1 ,jesu the sonne of ,david have mercie upon us4 ,and two myle from ,jerico is flom#c ,jordan ye shall wete the dead sea departeth the lande of ,jude and of ,araby and the water of the sea is right bitter and this water casteth out a thinge that men call aspatum#d as great pieces as a horse4 ,and ,hierusalem is cc furlonges from this sea1 and it is called the dead sea1 for it runneth not1 nor no man1 ne beast1 that hath life1 that is therein1 may lyve1 and that hath bene proved many times1 for they have cast therein men that were judged to death1 nor no man may drinke of that water if men cast yron therein it commeth up againe1 and if a man cast a fether therein it goeth to the grounde1 and that is against kinde4#e ,illustration ,and there about grow trees that beare fruite of faire color and seme rype1 but when a man breaketh them or cut them1 he findeth naught in them but coales or asshes1 in tokening that throughe the vengaunce of ,god these cities were brent with the fyre of hell4 ,and some men call that lake the lake of ,alphytedde1#f and some call it the flome of the divell1 and some call it the stinking flome1 for the water thereof stynketh4 ,there sanke these five cities through the wrath of ,god1 that is to saye1 ,sodome1 ,gomor1#g ,aldema1#h ,solome1#i and ,segor1 for the sinne that raigned in them1 but ,segor through the prayer of ,loth1 was saved a great while1 for it sat on an hyll1 and yet apeareth much thereof above the water1 and men may see the walles in cleare weather4 ,and in this citie of ,segor1 ,loth dwelled a great while 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 and at the ryght side of this see dwelled ,lothes wife in a stone of salt for that she looked againe when the citie sanke downe4 ,footnote #a3 ,fiend4 ,footnote #b3 ,georgians4 ,footnote #c3 ,river4 ,lat41 ,flumen4 ,footnote #d3 ,asphaltum4 ,footnote #e3 ,nature4 ,footnote #f3 ,assa foetida4 ,footnote #g3 ,gomorrah4 ,footnote #h3 ,aldama4 ,footnote #i3 ,seboym4 ,,cap4 ,,xxxi4 ,of ,abraham and his generation4 ,,and ye shall understande that ,lothe was ,arons sone1 ,abraham's brother1 and ,sara ,abraham's wyfe was ,loths syster1 and ,sara was xc yere olde when she gate ,ysaac and ,abraham had another son named ,ismael that he had gotten on his mayden ,ager4 ,and when ,ysaac was viii days olde he was circumcised and his other son ,ismaell was cyrcumcised the same day and was xiiii yeare of age1 therefore the ,jewes that be of the generation of ,isaac do circumcyse them at the viii day of theyr age and the ,sarasyns that be of ,ismaels kinde doe cyrcumsise them at theyr xiii yeare of age4 ,and into that dead sea aforesayde runneth flome ,jordan and maketh there an ende and this is within a myle of saint ,jhons church a lyttle beneth that same church ,westward1 were the ,christen men are wont to bath them a myle thence is the river ,loth1 through which ,jacob went when he came from ,mesopotamye4 ,,cap4 ,,xxxii4 ,of the river ,jordan4 ,,this flom ,jordan is no great ryver nor depe1 but there is much good fishe therein1 and it commeth from mount ,lybany from two welles1 that men call ,jor and ,dane and of them it taketh the name4 ,and upon the one syde of that river is mount ,gelboe1#a and there is a fayre playne4 ,and on that other syde men goe by mount ,lybany1 to the desert of ,pharon4#b ,these hylles departe the kingdome of ,surry and the countreys of ,phenys4#c ,on that hyll grow ,cedres that beare longe apples which are as muche as a mannes heade4 ,thys flom ,jordan departeth ,galily and the lande of ,idumea and the lande of ,botron#d it runneth into a playne that men call ,meldam#e in ,sarasyns language1 and in ,englyshe1 fayre1 because ofte tymes bee there kepte great fayres1 and in the playne is the tombe of ,job4 ,in this flom ,jordane our ,lord was baptised1 and there was the voice of the ,father hearde saying1 ,hic est filius meus dilectus1 in quo mihi bene complacui1 ipsum audite4 ,that is to saye in ,english1 ,here is my sonne that ,i love1 in whome ,i am well pleased1 heare him4 ,and the holy ghost descended on him in lykenesse of a doue so was there in thys baptysing all the ,trinitie4 ,and through the flome ,jordan passed the children of ,israell all dry1 and they sette stones in the myddest of the water1 in token of great myracle4 ,and also in that flome ,naaman of ,surry bathed him1 that was mesel1 and he was made hole1 and a lyttle from thence is the citie of ,hay1 the which ,josue assayled and toke4 ,and about flom ,jordan are many churches where ,christen men dwel1 also by flom ,jordan1 is the vale of ,mambre that is a fayre vale a plenteous4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,gilboa4 ,footnote #b3 ,pharan4 ,footnote #c3 ,phoenicia4 ,footnote #d3 ,betron4 ,footnote #e3 ,in all probability the same as the ,arabic word ,multamin1 which means a congregation of visitors4 ,,cap4 ,,xxxiii4 ,of many other mervailes4 ,,and ye shall understande1 that for to go from the dead sea afterward out of the marche of the land of promissions1 is a stronge ,castell that men call ,carran#a in ,sermoys1 that is to saye1 the kinges hyll in ,english4 ,this castell did a ,king of ,fraunce make1 that men call ,baudewin1 that had conquered all that lande1 and put it into ,christen mens handes to kepe1 and under that castell is a fayre towne that men call ,sabaoth1 and there about dwell many ,christen men under tribute4 ,and then go men to ,nazareth1 of the which our ,lord had his name4 ,and from ,nazareth unto ,hierusalem is three dayes journey4 ,also men go through the province of ,galyle1 through ,romacha1#b through ,sophyn1#c and through the hygh hill of ,effrayne1#d where ,anna that was ,samuells mother the prophet dwelled1 there was the prophete borne and after his deathe was buried at mount ,joye as ,i have sayde4 ,and after come men to ,sybula1#e where the ,arke of ,god was kepte under ,helye#f the ,prophete4 ,and there made the people of ,israell#g theyr sacrafyce unto our ,lorde4 ,also there spake our ,lorde fyrst unto ,samuell and there mynistered ,god the sacrament4 ,also nere there at the lefte side is ,gabaon#h and ,rama#i ,benjamin of the which holy writ speaketh4 ,after that come men to ,sychem1 that some men call ,sycar and this is in the province of ,samaritanes1 and sometime there was a ,church1 but it is all wasted1 and it a faire vale and plenteous1 and there is a good citie that men call ,neople1#aj and from thence it is a dayes journey unto ,hierusalem4 ,and there is the well where oure ,lorde spake to the woman of ,samaritane1 and ,sechen is ten myle from ,hierusalem and it is called ,neople1 that is to saye1 the new towne4 ,and there is the ,temple of ,joseph1 ,jacobs sonne1 that governed ,egipte1 and from thence were his bones brought and layde in the temple1 and thyther came ,jewes often in pilgrimage with great devotion1 and in that citie was ,jacob's daughter ,diana ravished1 for whom hir brethren slewe many men1 and thereby is the citie of ,garysim#aa where the ,samaritanes make their sacrifyce4 ,illustration ,on this hill wold ,abraham haue sacryfised his sonne ,isaac and there nere is the vale ,dotaym1#ab and there is the cesterne that ,josephe was cast in of his bretherne before that they solde him1 and it is two myle to ,sichar1 and fro thence men come to ,samary1#ac that men call ,sabaste1 and that is the chiefe citie of that countrey1 and in that citie was the seat of the twelve ,kynges of ,israell1 but it is not so great as it was4 ,and there was saint ,john ,baptist buried betwene two prophetes ,helyas#ad and ,abdon1#ae but he was beheaded in the castell of ,makaryn besyde the dead sea and he was translated#af of his disciples and buried at ,samary1 but there dyd ,julius apostata take hys bones and brente#ag them1 for he was that tyme ,emperour1 but that finger with whiche hee shewed our ,lord saying1 ,ecce ,agnus dei1 ,that is to say1 ,beholde the lamb of ,god1 and that finger might not bee brent1 and sainct ,tecla#ah the ,virgin did bring this finger under the ,alphen1#ai that be mountaynes1 where they do it great worshippe4 ,and there was sainct ,jhon ,baptist head closed in a wall1 but the ,emperour ,theodosius did take it out1 and found it lapped in a clothe all bloudie1 and bare it to ,constantinople1 and there is yet the one halfe of the head1 and the other is at ,rome in ,saint ,sylvesters church1 the vessell wherein his head was layde when it was smitten of is at ,geene1#bj and they do it great worship4 ,some saye that ,sainct ,jhons hedde is at ,amiens in ,pycardy1 and some say it is saincte ,johns head the byshop4 ,i wot not but to ,god it is knowne4 ,footnote #a3 ,in some other editions called ,carak4 ,footnote #b3 ,ramoth4 ,footnote #c3 ,sodom4 ,footnote #d3 ,ephraim4 ,footnote #e3 ,shiloh4 ,footnote #f3 ,eli4 ,footnote #g3 ,hebron4 ,footnote #h3 ,gibeon4 ,footnote #i3 ,ramah4 ,footnote #aj3 ,neapolis4 ,footnote #aa3 ,gerizim4 ,footnote #ab3 ,dothan4 ,footnote #ac3 ,samaria4 ,footnote #ad3 ,elisha4 ,footnote #ae3 ,abdias4 ,footnote #af3 ,carried away4 ,footnote #ag3 ,burnt4 ,footnote #ah3 ,was an ,english woman1 and was invited by ,st4 ,boniface into ,germany1 where she was made ,abbess of ,kissengen1 near ,wurtzburg in ,bavaria4 ,footnote #ai3 ,alps4 ,footnote #bj3 ,genoa4 ,,cap4 ,,xxxiiii4 ,of the ,samaritanes4 ,illustration ,,from ,sebasten to ,hierusalem is xii myle and betwene the hylles of this countrey is a well1 that men call fons ,jacob1 ,that is to say ,jacobs well1 that chaungeth foure times in the yeare his coloure1 for sometyme it is redde1 sometymes cleare1 sometime grene and sometyme thycke1 and men that dwell there are called ,samarytanes1 they were converted through the ,apostles and theyr law varieth from ,christen law and ,sarasins lawe and also from ,jewes ,paynims4 ,they beleve well in one ,god that all shall deme1#a and beleve the ,byble after the lettre1 and they lappe theyr heads in redde linnen cloth1 for difference of other1 for ,sarasins wrap theyr heads in white cloth christen men that dwell there in blew cloth1 and ,jewes in yelow1 and in this country dwell many ,jewes paying tribute as ,christen men doth4 ,footnote #a3 ,regard1 consider1 or suppose4 ,,cap4 ,,xxxv4 ,of ,galyle4 ,,from this countrey that ,i have spoken of1 men go to the playne of ,galyle and leave the hyll on the one side and ,galyle is of the province of the lande of promyssion and in that province is the lande of ,naym and ,capharnaym and ,corasaym and at ,bethsayda was ,saint ,peter ,saint ,andrew borne4 ,at ,carasaym shall ,antechrist be borne1 and as some men say he shall be borne in ,babilon therefore sayd the ,prophet1 ,de babilonia ,coluber exiet1 qui totum mundum devorabit1 ,that is to say1 ,of ,babilon shall come a serpent that shall devoure all the worlde4 ,and this ,antechrist shall be nourished in ,bethsayde and shall raign in ,corasaym1 therefore sayth holy writ1 ,ve tibi ,corasaim ,ve tibi ,bethsayda1 that is to say1 ,wo be to the ,corasaim1 ,wo be to the ,bethsayda4 ,and the cave of ,galyle is foure myle from ,nazareth4 ,of that citie was the woman of ,cananee1 of whome the ,gospell speaketh1 and there our ,lorde did the fyrst myracle at the wedding at the ,archedeclyne#a when he turned water into wine4 ,and from thence men go unto ,nazareth that was sometime a great ,citie1 but now there is but a lyttle towne and it is not walled1 and there was our ,lady borne1 the name toke our ,lorde of this ,citie1 but our ,ladie was gotten at ,hierusalem4 ,at ,nazareth ,joseph toke our lady to wyfe whan she was fourtene yeare of age1 and there the aungell saluted hir sayinge1 ,ave gratia plena ,dominus tecum1 ,that is to saye1 ,hayll full of grace the ,lord be with thee4 ,and there was sometime a great ,church1 and now is there but a lyttle closet to receive the offryngs of the ,pylgrymes1 and there is the well of ,gabryell where our ,lorde was wont to bathe him in wan he was lyttle4 ,at ,nazareth was our ,lord nouryshed1 and ,nazareth is to say floure of gardeyn it may be well called so1 for there was nourished the floure of lyfe1 that was our lorde ,jesu ,christ4 ,at halfe a myle from ,nazareth is the bloude#b of our ,lorde1 for the ,jewes ledde him upon an hyghe roche to cast him downe slea him1 but ,jesu ,christ passed them and lepte on a roche where his steps be yet sene1 therefore some when they dreade them of theves or else of enemies1 say thus1 ,jesus autem transiens per medium illorum ibat4 ,and they say also these verses of the ,psalter three tymes1 ,irruat super eos formido pavor in magnitudine brachii tui ,domine ,fiant immobiles quasi lapis1 donec per transeat populus tuus domine1 populus iste quem redemisti4 ,and so when all this is sayd1 a man may go without any lettyng4#c ,also ye shall understande and know that our blessed ,lady bare hir chylde whan she was xv yeare of age1 and she lived with hym xxxii#d yeare and three monethes1 and after his passion she lived xxii#d yeare4 ,footnote #a3 ,pynson says ,archetryclyne1 ,greek3 ,architriklinos1 the president of a banquet4 ,footnote #b3 ,should be leap4 ,footnote #c3 ,hindrance4 ,footnote #d3 ,other editions say #cc and #bd1 which would make the ,virgin's age #gb when she died 7see ante1 p4 #gj74 ,,cap4 ,,xxxvi4 ,the way of ,nazareth to the mount or hyll of ,tabor4 ,,and from ,nazareth to the mounte ,tabor is thre#a myle1 and there our ,lord transfygured hym before sainct ,peter1 sainct ,jhon sainct ,james4 ,and there they saw ghostly#b our ,lorde and ,moyses and ,helye the prophetes4 ,and therefore ,sainct ,peter sayde1 ,bonum est nos hic esse1 faciamus tria tabernacula1 ,that is to say1 ,it is good to us to be here1 make we three tabernacles4 ,and our lord ,jesu ,chryste bad them that they should say it to no man1 unto the time that he was rysen from death to lyfe4 ,and uppon the same hyll shall foure aungels sowne#c theyr trompets1 and rayse all men that are dead to lyfe1 and then shall they come in bodie and ,soule to the ,judgement1 but the ,judgement shall be in the ,vale of ,josaphat on ,easterday1 at the same tyme as our ,lorde rose from death to lyfe4 ,and also a myle from mounte ,tabor is mount ,hermon1 and ther was the citie of ,namy1#d before the gates of the ,citie our ,lord raysed the wydowes sone1 that had no more ,chyldren4 ,footnote #a3 ,others say #d4 ,footnote #b3 ,in a spiritual shape4 ,footnote #c3 ,sound4 ,footnote #d3 ,nain4 ,,cap4 ,,xxxvii4 ,of the sea of ,galyle4 ,,and from thence men go to a citie that men call ,tyberyen1#a that sitteth#b on the sea of ,galyle1 it is no sea ne arme of the sea1 for it is but a staumble#c of fresh water1 and it is no more than an hundred furlongs long and ,,xl brode1 and therein is many good fyshes4 ,and by that same sea1 standeth many good cities1 and therefore thys sea chaungeth often his name after the cities that stande thereupon1 but it is all one water or sea and upon this sea1 our ,lorde went dry fote and there sayde he to ,peter when he came on the water1 was nere drowned1 ,modice fidei quare dubitasti8 ,that is to saye1 ,thou of lyttle fayth1 why hadst thou doubte4 ,footnote #a3 ,tiberias4 ,footnote #b3 ,on the borders of4 ,footnote #c3 ,a pool or lake4 ,,cap4 ,,xxxviii4 ,of the table whereon ,christ eat after his resurrection4 ,,in this citie of ,tiberyen is the table that ,christ eat on with his disciples after his resurrection they knew him in breaking of bread 7as holy writ saith7 ,et cognoverunt eum in fractione ,panis4 ,that is to say1 they knew him in breaking of bread4 ,and aboute the hyll of ,tiberien is the citie where our ,lord fed v thousand people with five ,barly loves and two fishes1 and in that same citie did men cast in anger a fierbrand or burning stick after our ,lord1 but the same burning sticke did fall on the earth1 and incontinent grew out of the same sticke a tree1 and is waxen a bigge tree1 and groweth yet1 and the scales of the tree be all blacke4 ,and ye shall understand that flom ,jordan beginneth under the hill of ,libany1 there beginneth the lande of promission1 and it lasteth under ,barsabe#a of length1 from the ,north part to the ,south1 it holdeth ix score myle and of breadth from ,jerico to ,jaffe it is ,,xl mile1 and ye shall understande that the lande of promission beginneth at the ,kingdome of ,surry and lasteth unto the wildernesse of ,araby4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,beersheba4 ,,cap4 ,,xxxix4 ,of straunge maners and divers4 ,illustration ,,and in this countrey in many other landes over the sea1 it is a maner when they have warre and cities or castels beseged so strongly that they may send no messages to any lordes for socour then they write their letters binde them about the neckes of doves and let them flie their wayes1 bicause the dove is of that nature that he will returne againe to the place where he is brought up1 and thus they do commonly in that countrey4 ,and ye shal wete that among the ,sarasins in many places dwel christen men under tribute and they are of divers maners1 and divers maners of monkes1 and they are all christened and have divers lawes1 but they all beleve well in our ,lord ,god1 the father1 the sonne1 in the ,holy ghost1 but yet they fayle in the articles of our faith1 and they are called ,jacobyns4 ,for sainct ,james converted theym to the fayth1 and sainct ,john baptised them1 and they say that men shall onely shryve#a them unto ,god1 not unto man for they saye that ,god bad not man shryve him unto another man4 ,and therefore saith ,david in the ,psalter in this maner of wise1 ,confitebor tibi1 domine in toto ,corde meo1 c4 ,that is to saye1 ,lord ,i shall shrive me unto thee in all my hart4 ,and in another place he saith thus1 ,delictum meum tibi cognitum feci4 ,that is to saye1 ,my trespasse ,i have made knowne unto thee4 ,and in another place1 ,deus meus es tu confitebor tibi4 ,that is to saye1 ,thou art my god and ,i shall be shriven to thee4 ,and in another place ,quoniam cogitatio hominis confitebitur tibi1 c4 ,that is to say1 ,the thought of man shal be shriven to thee1 and they knowe well the ,bible and ,psalter but they say it not in latin1 but in their owne language1 and they saye that ,david and other prophetes have sayde it4 ,but ,sainct ,austyn and ,saynct ,gregory say1 ,qui scelera sua cogitat1 conversus fecerit1 veniam sibi credat1 ,that is to say1 ,who so knowith his syn and turneth1 he may beleve to have forgivenesse4 ,and ,sainct ,gregory sayth thus1 ,dominus potius mentem1 quam verbum considerat1 ,that is to saye1 ,our ,lord taketh more kepe#b to thought1 than to worde1 and ,sainct ,hilarius sayth1 ,longorum temporum crimina1 ictu oculi pereunt1 si cordis nata fuerit compunctio1 ,that is to say1 ,synnes that are done of olde tyme perysh in twinkling of an eye1 if despising of them be born in a mans heart4 ,and therefore say they1 men shal shrive them onely to ,god1 by these authorities1 this 7it7 was the ,apostles1 popes that came sithen haue ordeyned1 that men shall shrive them to priestes men as they are1 the cause is this1 for they saye that a man that hath a sicknesse1 men may giue him no good medecines but they know yt kinde of the sicknesse1 also they say a man may give no covenable#c penaunce but if he know ye sin4 ,for there is a maner of synne that is grevouser to one man than it is to another1 and therefore it is nedefull that a man should know and understande the kinde of sinne4 ,and there be also other men that men call ,surryens and they hold halfe our faith1 and halfe the faith of the ,grekes and they have longe berdes as the ,grekes have4 ,illustration ,illustration ,and there ben#d other that men call ,georgiens1 whome sainct ,george converted1 and they doe more worship to halowes#e of heaven than other doe1 and they haue their crownes shaven1 the clerkes haue rounde crowns1 and the lewde#f have crownes square1 they holde the ,grekes lawe4 ,and there be other that men call christen men of gyrding1#g for as much as they were gyrdels underneth1 some other men call ,nestoryens1 some ,aryens1 some ,nubyens1 some ,gregours1 and some ,indiens that are of ,prester ,johns lande1 and euery one of those haue some artycles of our belefe4 ,but eche of them varye from other1 and of their varyaunce it were to muche to declare4#h ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,confess4 ,footnote #b3 ,heed4 ,footnote #c3 ,convenient4 ,footnote #d3 ,be4 ,footnote #e3 ,saints4 ,footnote #f3 ,common people4 ,footnote #g3 ,this arose from a curious ordinance in ,a4,d4 #hef of the ,khalif ,motawakkel1 who ordered both ,jews ,christians to wear leather girdles2 hence those ,christians who lived in ,syria were called ,christians of the girdle4 ,footnote #h3 ,tell4 ,,cap4 ,,xl4 ,for to turne on this syde of ,galyle4 ,,now sythen ,i haue tolde you of many maners of men1 that dwell in the countreys before said1 now will ,i tourne againe to my waye for to tourne uppon this side4 ,now he that will tourne from the lande of ,galyle1 that ,i spake of1 to come on this syde1 he shall go through ,damas that is a fayre citie full of good marchaundises1 and it is three ,journeys from the sea and five journeis from ,hierusalem1 but they cary marchaundises upon camels1 mules1 horses and dromedaries and other maner of beastes4 ,this citie of ,damas founded ,helyzeus1 that was ,abrahams servaunte before ,ysaac was borne1 and he thought to haue bene ,abrahams heyre and therefore he named that citie ,damas4 ,and in that place slew ,cayne his brother ,abel1 and besyde ,damas is ye mount of ,syry1 and in yt ,citie is many a ,phisicion yt holy man4 ,s4 ,paule was a phisicion to saue mens bodys before yt he was ,converted1 and after1 he was a phisicyon of soules4 ,and from ,damas men come by a place called our ,lady of ,sardmarch1#a that is fiue myle from ,damas it is on a roch there is a fayre churche and there dwell ,monkes ,nunnes1 crysten1 in the church1 behynde the high auter is a table of tree1#b on the whiche table the ymage of our lady was depainted that many tymes was turned into fleshe1 but the ymage is now sene but a lyttle1 but evermore through grace of ,god1 the table droppeth oyle1 as it were an ,olyfe1 there is a vessell of marble under the table to receive the oyle1 thereof they giue to ,pylgrimes1 for it maketh whole many sicknesses1 and he that kepeth it clenely a year1 after a yeare1 it turneth to fleshe and bloud4 ,betwene the citie of ,darke and the citie of ,raphane is a ryver that men call ,sabatory1 for on the ,saterday it runneth fast1 and all the weeke else it standeth styll and runneth not or little4 ,and there is another ryver that in the night freseth fast and upon the day no frost is seene4 ,and so men go by a citie that men call ,berugh1#c and there men go into the sea that will go into ,cipres and they aryve at a porte of ,sur or of ,thyrry#d then men go to ,cipres1 or else men go or may goe from the porte of ,thyry ryght1 and come not to ,cypres and arryve at some haven of ,grece there come men into those countreys by ways that ,i haue spoken of before4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,others say ,sardenak4 ,footnote #b3 ,on wood panel4 ,footnote #c3 ,others say ,beruthe4 ,footnote #d3 ,tyre4 ,,cap4 ,,xli4 ,how a man may go furdest and longest in those countreys as heare are rehersed4 ,,nowe have ,i tolde you of wayes by the whiche men goe furthest and longeste1 as by ,babylon and mount ,synay1 and other places many1 through the which landes men turne againe to the lande of promission4 ,now will ,i tell you the way of ,hierusalem1 for some men will not passe it1 some for they have no company#a and many other causes resonable and therefore ,i shall tell you shortely how a man may go with lyttle coste and short tyme4 ,a man that commeth from the lande of the ,weast1 he goeth through ,fraunce1 ,burgoyn1#b ,lumberdy to ,venys or to ,geen#c or some other haven of those marches1 and take there a ship and go to the yle ,gryffe1#d and so arryveth he in ,grece1 or else at port ,myrock1#e or ,valon or ,duras or some other haven of those marches1 and to go lande for to reste hym1 and goeth againe to the sea and arryveth at ,cypres and commeth not in the yle of ,rodes and arriveth at ,famagost that is the ,chiefe haven of ,cypres or else at ,lamaton1 ,and then enter shyppe againe1 and passe besyde the haven of ,tyre and come not to lande1 and so passeth by all the havens of the coste1 untill he come to ,jaffe1 that is the next hauen to ,hierusalem1 for it is xxviii#f myle betwene4 ,and from ,jaffe men go to the ,citie of ,ramos#g that is but little thence1 it is a fayre citie beside ,ramos is a fayre churche of our lady1 where our lord shewed hym unto hir in three shadowes1 that betokeneth the trinitie1 and there nere is a church of ,sainct ,george where his head was smitten of1 and then to the ,castell of ,emaux1 and then to the mount ,joye from thence pilgrimes see ,hierusalem1 and then to mount ,modyn then go to ,hierusalem4 ,at mount ,modyn lyeth the prophet ,machabe1#h and over ,ramatha#i is the towne of ,donke1 whereof ,amos the prophet was4 ,footnote #a3 i4e41 it was unsafe to go alone4 ,footnote #b3 ,burgundy4 ,footnote #c3 ,genoa4 ,footnote #d3 ,in some editions ,gryffh1 ,grif1 or ,gresse1 probably ,crete4 ,footnote #e3 ,in other editions ,moroche or ,myroche4 ,footnote #f3 ,others say #bg4 ,footnote #g3 ,rames1 ,ramla4 ,footnote #h3 ,maccabeus4 ,footnote #i3 ,ramah ,gibeon4 ,,cap4 ,,xlii4 ,of othar wayes for to go by lande unto ,hierusalem4 ,,for as muche1 as many men may not suffer the savour of the sea1 better it is to go by lande even if it be more payne1 and a man shall go to one of the havens of ,lumberdy as ,venys or another1 and he shall passe into ,grece to port ,myroche1 or another and shall goe to ,constantinople1 and shall passe the water that is called the brache of ,saynt ,george that is an arme of the sea4 ,and from thence ye shall come to ,pulveral1 and then to the castel of ,synople4 ,and from thence shall ye go unto ,capadoce1 that is a great countrey1 wherein is many great hylles and he shall go thorow ,turky1 and to the citie of ,nike1 the which they wan from the ,emperour of ,constantinople1 and it is a faire citie and well walled1 and there is a river that men call the ,lay1 and there go men by the ,alpes of ,mormaunt1 through the vales of ,malebrynes and the vale of ,ernax1 and so to ,antioche lesser1 that sitteth on the river richly1 and there is about many good hills fayre and many fayre woddes and wild beastes4 ,and he that will go another way1 he goeth by ye plaine of the ,romain#a ,coste and the ,romaine sea4 ,on that coste is a fayre castell that men call ,florage1 and when a man is oute of the hilles1 he passeth through the citie of ,moryach and ,artose1 where there is a great bridge upon the river of ,ferne1 that men call ,fassor1#b it is a great river bering ships1 and beside the citie of ,damas1 is the river that cometh from the mount of ,libany1 and that men call ,alban1#c at the passing of this river ,sainct ,eustache lost his two sonnes when he had lost his wife4 ,and it goeth through the playne of ,archades1 to the red sea1 and then men go to the citie of ,fermyne1 and so to the citie of ,ferne1 and then to ,antioche that is a fayre citie and well walled1 for it is two myle long1 and there is a bridge over the river1 that hath at eche pillar1 a good tower1 and is the best citie of the ,kingdome of ,surrey4 ,from ,antioche1 men go to the citie of ,locuth#d and so to ,geble#e and to ,tortouse1#f thereby is the lande of ,lambre a strong castell1 that men call ,mambeke4 ,and from ,tortouse1 men go to ,trypelle#g on the sea1 and upon the sea men go to ,dacres1#h and there is two wayes to ,hierusalem1 on the lefte way men go first unto ,damas by flom ,jordan1 and on the right syde men go throughe the lande ,flagme and so to the citie of ,cayphas1#i in which citie ,cayphas was lorde1 some call it the castell ,pelleryus and from thence it is foure dayes journey to ,hierusalem they go throughe ,cesarye ,phylyp1#aj and ,jaffe1 and ,ramas1 ,eumaux1 so forth to ,hierusalem4 ,footnote #a3 ,roumanian4 ,footnote #b3 8 ,pharphar of the ,scriptures4 ,footnote #c3 8 ,abana4 ,footnote #d3 ,latakijah4 ,footnote #e3 ,jebili4 ,footnote #f3 ,tortosa4 ,footnote #g3 ,tripoli4 ,footnote #h3 ,acre4 ,footnote #i3 ,caiffa4 ,footnote #aj3 ,philippi4 ,,cap4 ,,xliii4 ,yet another way by lande toward the lande of promission4 ,,now haue ,i tolde you some wayes by land and by water how men may go to ,hierusalem4 ,and if it be so that there be many other wayes that men go by1 after the countreys that they come from1 neverthelesse they tourne all to one ende1 yet is there a way all by land to ,hierusalem1 passe no sea from ,fraunce or ,flaunders1 but that way is full longe and perylous of great travaile1 therefore few go that way1 he that goeth that way1 he goeth through ,almayn ,pruse and so to ,tartary1 this ,tartary is holden of the great ,cane1#a of whome ,i shall speake afterwarde1 for thether lasteth#b his lordeshippe1 and all the lords of ,tartary yelde to him tribute4 ,tartary is a full evill land1 sandy and a lytle fruite bearing1 for there groweth but little corne or fruyte1 but bestes are there great plentie1 and therefore eate they but fleshe without breade1 and they sup the broth1 and they drynke mylke of all maner of bestes1 they eat ,cattes1 and all maner of wyld bestes1 rattes myce1 and they haue but lyttle wodde1#c and therefore they dyght#d theyr meate with horse dounge other bestes doung1 when it is dry4 ,princes and other lordes eate but ones in the day1 and ryght lyttle1 and they be ryght foule folke1 and of evyll lyking1 and in somer there is many tempests and thonders1 that sleaeth many men bestes 7sodainly it is7 right colde1 and sodainly it is right hot4 ,the ,prince that governeth that land they call him ,roco and he dwelleth at a ,citie that men call ,orda1 and forsoth there is no man that will dwell in that lande1 for it is good to sow in thornes wedes1 other good is there none1 as ,i herd say1 for ,i was not that way1 but ,i have bene in other lordes landes marching thereon1 and the land of ,rossye and ,nyflonde the ,kingedome of ,grecon#e and ,lectowe1 and the kingdome of ,grasten#f in many other places1 but ,i went neuer that way to ,hierusalem therefore ,i may not tell it1 for ,i haue understande1 that men may not well go that way but in winter1 when the waters and marys#g that be in that lande be frosen and covered with snow1 so that men may passe thereon1 for were not the snow1 there might no man go in that lande but he wer lost4 ,and ye shall understande that a man shall go three days journey from ,pruse to passe this waye1 tyll he come to the lande of ,sarasyns1 that men dwell in4 ,and if by fortune any christen men passe that way1 as once a yeare they doe1 they cary theyr vitale with them1 for they shoulde finde nothing there but a maner of things that they call ,syleys1 and they cary theyr vytales upon the yce on sleddes#h and charyottes without wheles1 and as long as theyr vitayles laste1 they may dwell there1 but no longer4 ,and when spyes of the countrey see christen men come1 they runne to the towns and castels and cry right loude1 ,kera1 ,kera1 ,kera1 and as sone as they haue cryed1 then dothe the people arme them4 ,and ye shall understande that the yse there is harder than it is here1 and euery man hath a stew#i in his house1 and therein they eat and do all things that them nedeth4 ,and that is at the ,north part of the world1 where it is commonly colde1 for the ,sonne cometh ne shineth but a little in that countrey1 and that lande is in some places so colde1 that there may no man dwel therein1 and on the ,south side of the world it is in some places so hote1 that there can no man dwel1 the son giveth so great heate in those countreys4 ,footnote #a3 ,khan4 ,footnote #b3 ,for his dominions extend as far4 ,footnote #c3 ,wood4 ,footnote #d3 ,cook4 ,footnote #e3 ,cracow4 ,footnote #f3 ,darestan1 or ,silistria4 ,footnote #g3 ,marais or marshes1 meres4 ,footnote #h3 ,sledges4 ,footnote #i3 ,stove4 ,,cap4 ,,xliiii4 ,,inasmuch as ,i haue told you of the ,sarasins and of other landes1 if ye will ,i shall tell you a parte of theyr law1 and of theyr beleve1 after as theyr boke sayeth1 that they call ,alkaron1#a and some call that boke ,mysap1#b some call it ,harme#c in diverse language of countreys1 which booke ,machomet gave them1 in ye which boke he wrote among other things as ,i have often red and sene1 that they that are good shall goe to ,paradise1 and the evill folkes to hell1 and that beleeve all the ,sarasyns4 ,and if a man aske of what ,paradise they meane1 they say it is a place of delytes1 where a man shall finde all maner of fruites at all times1 and waters1 and rivers running with milke hony1 wine and fresh water1 and they shall have faire houses good as they have deserved1 and those houses are made of precious stones1 gold sylver every man shall haue ten#d wives and all maydens4 ,also they speake often beleve of the ,virgin ,mary and tell of the ,incarnation1 that ,mary was learned#e of ,aungels and that ,gabriel sayd to hir that she was chosen before all other from the beginning of the world1 and that wytnesseth well theyr booke1 ,gabriel tolde hir of the incarnation of ,jesu ,christ1 and that she shoulde conceive and beare a childe and they saye that ,christ was a holy prophet in word dede1 and also meke rightwise to all men1 and without any blame worthy4 ,and they saye that when the ,aungell tolde hir of the incarnation1 she hadde great dread1 for she was righte younge1 and there was one in the countrey that medled with sorcery1 that men called ,takina1#f that with enchauntements could make him lyke an ,aungell and he went often and lay with maidens1 and therefore was ,mary the more aferde#g of the ,aungell1 and thought in hir mynde that it had bene ,takina that went to maydens1 and she conjured him that he should tell hir if he were the same ,takina1 and the ,aungell bad hir have no dreade for he was for certayne a true messenger of ,jesu ,christ4 ,also theyr booke of ,alkaron saith1 that she had a child under a palme tree1 then was she greatly ashamed and sayde that she woulde she had bene dead4 ,as sone as hir childe was borne1 he spake and comforted hir and sayd1 ,ne timeas ,maria1 ,that is to say1 ,be not afraide ,mary4 ,and in many other places1 sayth theyr booke ,alkaron1 that ,jesu ,christ spake as sone as he was borne1 the booke sayth that ,jesu ,christ was sent of ,almighty ,god to be ensample to all men1 and that ,god shall deme#h all men1 the good to heaven and the wicked to hell that ,jesu ,christ is the best prophete of all other and nexte to ,god and that he was a holy prophet1 for he gave to the blynde theyr sight1 and heled ,mesels#i raysed men and went all quick#aj to heaven4 ,and if they may finde a boke with gospels1 namely1 ,missus est ,angelus1 they doe it great worship1 they fast a moneth in the yere they eate but in the night1 and they kepe them from theyr wyves1 but they that are syke are not ,constrayned to that4 ,and that booke ,alkaron speaketh of ,jewes and sayth1 they are wicked people for they will not beleve that ,jesu ,christ is of ,god4 ,and they say1 yt the ,jewes lye on our ,lady and hir sonne ,jesu ,christ1 saying that they did him not on the crosse1 for ,sarasyns beleve so nere our fayth1 that they are lightly converted when men preche the lawe of ,jesu ,christ1 and they saye that they wote well by theyr prophicies1 that theyr lawe of ,machomet shall fayll as doth the law of ,jews and that ,christen mens laws shall last unto the worlds ende4 ,and if a man aske them wherein they beleve they say that they beleve in god almightie1 that is the maker of heaven and earth and all other things and without him is nothing done and at the day of ,judgement when euery man shall be rewarded after his deserving1 that all things is soth#aa that ,christ said through the mouthes of his prophetes4 ,footnote #a3 ,the ,koran4 ,footnote #b3 ,some say ,meshaf4 ,mishaf means written sheets of paper4 ,footnote #c3 ,harme is ,haram1 sacred4 ,footnote #d3 ,some say #hj4 ,footnote #e3 ,taught by4 ,footnote #f3 ,other editions have ,taknia4 ,footnote #g3 ,afraid4 ,footnote #h3 ,judge4 ,footnote #i3 ,lepers4 ,footnote #aj3 ,alive4 ,footnote #aa3 ,true4 ,,cap4 ,,xlv4 ,yet it treateth more of ,machomet4 ,,also ,machomet badde in his boke ,alkaron1 that euery man shoulde haue two wives or three or foure1 but now they take nine and as many lemmans as them liketh1 if any of their wives doe amisse against their husbandes1 he may driue hir out of his house1 and take another1 but he must giue to hir part of his goodes4 ,also when men speake of the ,father1 and the ,sonne1 and holy ,ghost1 they saye they are three persons1 but not one ,god1 for their boke ,alkoran speaketh not thereof1 nor of the trinitie1 but they say that ,god spake or else he was dumb1 and that ,god hath a ghost1#a or else he were not alive1 they say ,gods word hath great strength1 and so saith theyr ,alkaron they say that ,abraham and ,moyses were greatly in favor with ,god1 for they spake with him1 ,machomet was right messenger of ,god4 ,and they haue many good articles of our faith and some understand the scriptures1 profites1 gospels1 and the ,bible1 for they haue them written in theyr language1 in this maner they knowe holy writ1 but they understande it not1 but after the letter and so do the ,jewes1 for they understande it not1 but after their letter ghostly1 and therefore saith ,sainct ,paule1 ,litera occidit3 ,spiritus vivificat--that is to say1 ,letter dieth1 and ghost maketh quicke4 ,and the ,sarasins say yt ,jewes are wicked1 for they kepe not ye lawe of ,moyses the which he toke to them1 also chrysten men are yll1 for they kepe not the commaundments of the gospels that ,jesu ,christ sent unto them therefore ,i shall tell you what the ,soudan tolde me upon a daye in his chamber1 voiding#b out all other men1 as ,lordes1 ,knightes other1 for he woulde speke with me in counsel1 and then asked he me how christen men governed them in our countrey and ,i aunswered him sayd1 right well thankes be to ,god2 he sayd1 secretly nay1 for he sayd that our priestes made no force of gods service1 for they shoulde giue good example to men1 to doe well1 and they giue ill example1 and therefore when the people should go on the holy daies to church to serve ,god they go to the taverne to sin in glotony both day and nighte1 and eate and drink as bestes1 that wot not when they haue had ynough1 and also ,christen men he sayde1 inforced them to fight together eche to begile other and they are so proude1 that they wot not how they may cloth them1 now short1 now long1 now straite now wyde1 of all manner of fassions4 ,they shoulde be simple1 meke and softe1 and doe theyr almes as ,jesu ,christe dyd1 in whome they beleve1 and he sayde they are so covetouse1 that for a lyttle money they sell theyr children1 theyr systers1 and theyr wyves1 and one taketh another mans wife1 and none holdeth his fayth to other1 therefore sayde he1 for theyr sinnes hath ,god given these landes to our handes1 and not through our strength1 but all for your synnes4 ,for we wot well1 that when that ye serve well your god1 that he wyll helpe you1 so that no man shall winne of you1 if that ye serve your god as ye oughte to doe1 but while they lyve so sinfully as they doe1 we have no dread#c on them1 for theyr ,god shall not helpe them4 ,and then ,i asked him how that he knew the state of ,chrysten men in that maner1 he sayde that he knewe well both of lordes and of commons1 by his messengers which he sent through all the countreys as it were merchants with precious stones other marchandise to know the manner of euery countrey4 ,and then he did call againe all the lordes into his chamber to us then shewed he unto me iiii persons that were great lordes of that countrey1 that shewed me the maner of my countrey1 and of all ,christendome1 as though they had bene men borne in the same partes1 and they speak french right well and the ,soudain also1 and then ,i had greate marvaile of this slaunder of our faith and so they that should bee turned by our good examples to the fayth of ,jesu ,christe1 they are drawen away through our evyl living1 and therefore it is no wonder if that they call us evyll1 for they saye soth1 but the ,sarasins are true for they kepe truly the commaundements of their ,alkaron that ,god sent them by his messenger ,machomet1 to whome they say1 ,gabryell the ,aungell spake often1 and tolde to him the will of ,god4 ,footnote #a3 ,spirit4 ,footnote #b3 ,turning4 ,footnote #c3 ,fear of4 ,,cap4 ,,xlvi4 ,of the byrth of ,machomet4 ,,and ye shall understande yt ,machomet was borne in ,araby1 and that he was first a pore drudge kept horse went after marchaundise4 ,and so he came once into ,egipt with marchaundise ,egipt was the same time ,christen1 there was a chappell besyde ,araby1 there was an hermite when he came to the chappell yt was but a lyttle house and a lowe1 as sone as he entered1 it began to be as great as it were of a palas gate and that was the first miracle that the ,sarasyns saye that he did in his youth4 ,after began ,machomet to be wise and rich and became a great ,astronomer1 and sithen was he keper of the lande of the prince ,corodan and governed it full well1 in such maner that when the prince was dead he maryed the lady yt men call ,quadryge4#a ,and ,mahomet fell often in the falling evill1#b wherefore the lady was wroth that she had taken him unto hir husband1 he made hir to understande that every tyme that he fell so1 he said that ,gabriel the aungell spake to him1 and for the great brightnesse of the aungell he fell downe4 ,this ,machomet raigned in ,araby the yeare of our ,lord1 vi hundred and xx#c and he was of the kinde of ,ismael that was ,abrahams son that he begat of ,agar1 and other are called ,sarasins of ,sara1 but some are called ,moabites and some ,amenites after the two sons of ,loth4 ,and also ,machomet loved well a good man an hermite that dwelled in the wildernesse a myle from ,mounte ,sinay in the way as men go from ,araby to ,caldee1 and a dayes journey fro the sea where marchaunts of ,venice come1 and ,machomet went so often to this hermyte that all his men were wroth1 for he harde#d gladly the hermit preach1 and his men did walke all the night thought they would this hermyte were dead4 ,so it befell on a night that ,machomet was full dronken of good wine1 and he fell in a slepe1 and his men toke ,machomets sworde out of his sheath whyles he lay and slept1 and therewith they slew the ,hermit1 and afterwarde they put up the sword againe all bloudy1 and upon the morow when that he founde the ,hermite thus dead1 he was in his mynde verye angry1 and right wroth1 and woulde haue done his men unto the death1 but they all with one accorde1 and with one will sayde that he himselfe hadde slaine hym when he was dronken1 and they shewed his own swerd all bluddy then he beleved that they sayde soth1 then cursed the wine all those that drank it4 ,and therefore ,sarasins that are devout drinke no wine openly1 else they should be reprouved but they drynke good beverage sweete nourishing that is made of ,calamelles1 and thereof is suger made4 ,illustration ,and it befel#e sometime1 yt christen men became ,sarasins1 either through povertie1 simplenesse1 or wickednesse therefore theyr ,archbishop when he received them1 sayd thus1#f ,laeles ella ,machomet roses ella4 ,that is to say1 there is no ,god but one1 and ,machomet is his messengere4 ,and sithern#g ,i have told you a part of theyr law1 and of theyr customes1 now ,i shall tell you of theyr letters that they haue with theyr names4 ,first they have for ,a- almoy1 ,b- bethath1 c- cathi1 d- delphoy1 e- ephoti1 f- forthy1 g- garophin1 h- hechum1 i- iocchi1 k- kattu1 l- lothum1 m- malach1 n- nahalgt1 o- orthy1 p- choziri1 q- zothii1 r- rucholat1 s- routhi1 t- solathy1 v- chorimus1 x- yrithom1 y- mazot1 z- alepin ioheten- com--these are the names4 ,these foure letters have they yet more for diversitie of their language1 for as much as they speake so in their throtes1 as we have in our language and speake in ,england4 ,two letters may they then have in theyr ,a4 ,b4 ,c that is to say1 y 1 the which are called thorne- and zowx4 ,footnote #a3 ,kadijah4 ,footnote #b3 ,had epileptic fits4 ,footnote #c3 ,other editions have it #faj1 but it was ,a4,d4 #faa when ,mahomet professed to have received his call4 ,footnote #d3 ,heard4 ,footnote #e3 ,pynson says befalleth4 ,footnote #f3 ,the ,mahometan ,confession of ,faith is ,l ilha ill 'llh ,muhammadun raslu 'llh4 ,footnote #g3 ,since4 ,,cap4 ,,xlvii4 ,of the yles and divers maner of people and of marvaylous beastes4 ,,and sithen ,i have devised before of the holy land and countreys there about1 and many wayes thether1 and to mount ,synay1 and to ,babilon1 and other divers places which ,i have spoken of1 now will ,i tell speake of iles and of divers bestes1 and divers folke and countreys that be departed#a by the flouds that came out of ,paradise terrestre4 ,for ,mesopotame and the kingdome of ,calde and ,araby are between two floddes1 ,tigre and ,eufrace1 and the kingedome of ,media and ,perce are betwene two flouds ,tigre and ,nyle1 the kingdome of ,surrey1 ,palestine and ,femines#b are betweene ,eufrace and the sea ,mediterranean1 it is of length from ,marroch on the sea of ,spaine1 unto the great sea1 and so lasteth it beyonde ,constantinople three ,m and xx#c myle of ,lombardy and to the ,occean sea4 ,in ,inde is the kingdome of ,sichem1#d that is all closed among hils1 and beside ,sichem is the lande of ,amazony1 wherein dwell none but women4 ,illustration ,and thereby is the kingdome of ,albany1 which is a great lande and it is called so bicause that men are more whiter there than in other places1 in this countrey are great houndes and stronge1 so that they overcome ,lions and slay them4 ,and ye shall understande that to those countreys are many iles and landes1 of the which were too long to tell1 but of some ,i will speake more plainly afterwarde4 ,footnote #a3 ,parted4 ,footnote #b3 ,phoenicia4 ,footnote #c3 ,others say #c1jdj4 ,footnote #d3 ,scythia4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,xlviii4 ,of the haven ,gene1 for to go by the sea into divers countreys4 ,,for he that wyll goe to ,tartary1 ,percy1 ,caldee or ,inde1 he entreth the sea at ,gene or at ,venyce1 or at any other haven1 and so passeth by the sea1 and arriveth at ,topasonde1#a that is a good citie1 that sometime men call the haven of bridge1 and there is the haven of ,perce1 of ,medes1 and of other marches4#b ,in this citie lieth saint ,athanasius1 that was bishop of ,alexandry1 that made the ,psalme1 ,quicunque vult salvus esse4 ,this man was a great doctour of divinitie1 and of the godheade1 he was accused unto the ,pope of ,rome that he was an heritike1 and the pope sent for hym and put him in prison1 and while he was in that prison he made this ,psalme and sent it unto the ,pope sayde if that he were an heretyke1 then that was heresie1 for yt was his faith and his belefe3 and when the ,pope saw that he had sayde therein was all our faith1 then anon he did deliver him out of prison1 and he commaunded that ,psalme to be sayd every day at prime1 so he held ,athanasius for a good christen man1 but he never would after goe to his bishoprych for they accused him of heresie4 ,topasond was some tyme holden of the ,emperour of ,constantinople1 but a great man that he sent to help that countrey against the ,turkes1 did holde it to himselfe1 called himself ,emperour of ,topasonde4 ,illustration ,and from thence men go through lyttle ,armony1#c in that countrey is an olde castell that is on a rock1 yt men call the castell of ,spirys1 there men finde an hawke sitting upon a perch right well made a faire lady of ,fayry that keepeth it1 he that will wake#d this same hawke seven days and seven nightes1 and some say that it is not but three days and three nightes1 alone without any company and without slepe1 this faire ladie shall come unto him at the vii dayes or iii dayes ende shall graunte unto him the first thing that he will aske of worldly things1 and that hath often ben proved4 ,and so uppon a time it befell that a man which that tyme was ,kinge of ,armonye that was a righte doughty#e man waked uppon a tyme1 and at the seven dayes ende the lady came to him and bade him aske what he would for he had wel done his devoure1#f and the king aunswered and sayde that he was a great lorde and in good peace1 and he was riche1 so that he would aske nothing but all onely the body of the fayre lady1 or to haue his will of hir4 ,then this fayre lady aunswered and sayde unto him1 that he was a foole1 for he wist not what he asked1 for he might not have hir1 for he shoulde not haue asked hir but worldly thinges she was not worldly4 ,and the king sayde he woulde nought else1 and she said sith he would aske nought else1 she should graunt him three thinges and all that came after hym1 and sayde unto him1 ,sir kinge you shall haue warre without peace unto the ix degree1 and you shall be in subjection of your enemies1 and you shall have greate nede of good and cattell1 and sithen that tyme all the ,kynges of ,armonye have been in warre and nedefull#g and under trybute of the ,sarasyns4 ,also a poore mannes sonne as he waked on a tyme1 and asked the lady that he might be rych and happy in marchaundise and the ladye graunted him1 but she sayde to him that he hadde asked his undoynge for great pryde that he shoulde haue thereof4 ,and this became so greate a marchaunte bothe by sea and lande1 that he was so ryche that he knew not the thousande parte of hys goods4 ,also a ,knight of the ,templers waked likewise and when he had done1 he desired to haue a purse full of golde and what soever he tooke thereof it shoulde ever be full againe and the ladye graunted it hym1 but she tolde him that hee had desyred his destruction for great mistrowing that hee shoulde have of the same purse1 and so it befell4 ,but he that shal wake hath great nede for to kepe him from slepe1 for if he sleepe he is lost that he shall neuer bee sene1 but that is not the righte way1 but for the mervaile4 ,and from ,topasonde men go to greate ,armony to a citie that men call ,artyron#h that was wont to be a great ,citie1 but ,turkes have destroyed it1 for there neyther groweth no wyne nor fruyt4 ,from this ,artyron men go to an hyll that is called ,sabissacol there nere is another hil that men call ,arath1#i but the ,jewes call it ,thano where ,archa ,noe#aj rested after the diluvie#aa yet it is on that hyll1 a man may se it from ferre in cleare wether1 the hilles be xii#ab myle of height some saye they haue bene there put theyr fingers in the holes where the fende#ac went out when ,noe sayde in this maner of wyse ,benedicite4 ,but they note well1 for none may go on that hyll for snowe1 that is alwaye uppon that hyll bothe wynter and somer1 that no man may go by and never yode#ad syth ,noe was1 but a monke1 through the grace of ,god1 broughte a planke that yet is at the ,abbey1 at the hyll foote1 and he had great desyre to go uppon that hyll1 and aforced him thereto1 and when he was at the thyrde part upwarde he was so wery that he might goe no further1 and he rested him slept and when he was awake he was downe at the hyll foote1 and then prayed he to ,god devoutly that he would suffer him to go upon the hill1 and the ,aungell sayd that he should go upon the hil1 and so he dyd1 and since that tyme no man came there4 ,and therefore men shoulde not beleve such wordes4 ,illustration ,illustration ,and from thence men go to a citie that men call ,tanziro#ae and that is a fayre citie good4 ,besyde that citie is an hyll of salte1 and thereof every man taketh what he wyll and there dwelled many ,christen men under tribute to the ,sarasyns4 ,from thence men go through many cities1 townes1 and castels towarde ,inde1 and then come to a citie that men call ,cassaye that is a fayre citie1 and in that citie is aboundance of corne wynes1 and all maner of goods1 and there met the three kynges togither that wente to make theyr offeryng to our ,lord in ,bethlehem4 ,from that citie men go to a citie that men call ,cardabago1 and paynims say yt ,christen men may not dwell there1 by#af they dye sone and they know not the cause4 ,and from thence men go through many countreys1 cities townes1 that it were to long to tell1 to the citie of ,carnaa1 that was wont to be so great1 that the wall about was of xxv myle1 the wall sheweth yet1 but it is not inhabited now with men1 and there endeth the land of the ,emperour of ,perce4 ,footnote #a3 ,trebizond4 ,footnote #b3 ,neighbouring countries4 ,footnote #c3 ,armenia4 ,footnote #d3 ,watch4 ,footnote #e3 ,brave4 ,in the old ,romance of ,melusina1 which was written by ,jean d',arras1 ,secretary to the ,duc de ,berri1 brother to ,charles ,v4 of ,france--in #achg 7at the command of his master7 is the legend of the ,lady of the ,sparrow ,hawk1 which shows how current it was at the time4 ,according to his version1 a fairy1 named ,presine1 married ,king ,helmas1 and made him vow that he would never go near her at the time of childbirth4 ,she bore him three daughters--,melusina1 ,melior1 and ,palestine--and at the birth of the latter the king broke his vow4 ,when his children grew up they learnt this fact1 and were very indignant at their father's conduct1 to punish which 7being gifted with supernatural power7 they enclosed him in an enchanted mountain until he died4 ,presine was powerless to undo this deed1 but she visited their unnatural conduct severely upon her daughters4 ,melusina was to become half serpent1 half woman1 every ,saturday2 ,palestine was ever to watch their father's treasure on the top of a mountain in ,arragon2 while ,melior's fate is thus told by the chronicler3-- ,and thou ,melyor to the ,i gyve a ,castel in the grette ,armenye1 whyche is fayre and riche1 wher thou shalt kepe a ,sperschak unto the tyme that the grett maister shall hold his ,jugement4 ,and al noble and worthy knyghts1 descended and come of noble lynee1 that wil you watche there the day byfore the even1 and th' even also of ,saint ,johan ,baptiste1 whiche is on the xx day of ,juny1 without any slep1 shal have a geft of the of suche thinges1 without to demande thy body1 ne thy love1 by maryage1 nor other wise4 ,and al thos that shal demande the without cesse1 and that wol not forbere1 and absteyn them not1 shal be infortunat unto the ,,ix lynee1 and shal be put from theire prosperytees4 ,footnote #f3 ,devoir1 duty4 ,footnote #g3 ,poor1 needy4 ,footnote #h3 ,erzeroum4 ,footnote #i3 ,ararat4 ,footnote #aj3 ,noah's ,ark4 ,footnote #aa3 ,flood4 ,footnote #ab3 ,others say seven4 ,footnote #ac3 ,fiend4 ,footnote #ad3 ,never went there4 ,footnote #ae3 ,tabreez or ,tabriz4 ,footnote #af3 ,for4 ,,cap4 ,,xlix4 ,of the countrey of ,job1 and of the ,kingedome of ,caldee4 ,,on the other side of the citie of ,carnaa men enter into the land of ,job1 that is a good lande great plentie of all fruites men call that land of ,swere4#a ,in this lande is the citie of ,thomar4 ,job was a ,paynim also he was ,cofraas son he helde that lande as prince thereof1 he was so riche that he knew not the hondreth parte of his good1 and after his povertie ,god made him richer than ever he was before1 for after he was ,kinge of ,idumea after the death of ,king ,esau1 when he was king he was called ,joab1 and in that kingedome he lived c yeare and lxx so that he was of age when he dyed cc yeare and xlviii4 ,and in this lande of ,job is no defaute#b of nothing that is nedefull to mans body4 ,there are hilles where men finde manna1 and manna is called ,aungell's bread that is a whit thing right sweete much sweter than suger or hony1 and that commeth of the dew of heaven that falleth on the herbes1 and there it congeled and waxeth white and men doe it in medecines for riche men4 ,illustration ,this lande marcheth to the lande of ,caldee that is a great land1 there is full faire folke well apparaited they go richly araied with cloth of gold with perls other precious stones4 ,but the women are righte foule evill clad go bare fote bare an ill cote1 large1 wide1 short1 unto theyr knees1 haue long sleves down to the fote1 they haue great black here long hanging about theyr shoulders they are right foule for to loke upon that ,i dare not tell it all bicause that ,i am worthy for to haue a great reward for my praising of them4 ,in this land of ,caldee aforesayde is a citie that men call ,hur in yt citie was ,abraham ye patriark born4 ,footnote #a3 ,susiana4 ,footnote #b3 ,want of anything4 ,,cap4 ,l4 ,of the ,kingedome of ,amazony whereas dwelleth none but women4 ,illustration ,,after the lande of ,caldee is the lande of ,amazony that is a land where there is no man but all women as men say1 for they wil suffer no men to lyve among them nor to haue lordeshippe over them4 ,for sometyme was a kinge in that lande and men were dwelling there as did in other countreys1 and had wives1 it befell that the kynge had great warre with them of ,sychy1 he was called ,colopius and hee was slaine in bataill and all the good bloude of his lande4 ,and this queene when she herd that1 other ladies of that land1 that the king and the lordes were slaine1 they gathered them togither and killed all the men that were lefte in their lande among them1 and sithen that time dwelled no man among them4 ,and when they will have any man they sende for them in a countrey that is nere theyr lande1 and the men come and are ther viii dayes or as the woman lyketh1 then go they againe1 and if they have men children they send them to theyr fathers when they can eate go1 and if they have maide chyldren they kepe them1 and if they bee of gentill bloud they brene#a the left pappe#b away for bearing of a shelde1 and if they be of little bloud they brene the ryght pappe away for shoting4 ,for those women of that countrey are good warriours and are often in soudy#c with other lordes1 and the queene of that lande governeth well that lande1 this lande is all environed with water4 ,beside ,amazony is the lande of ,termagute that is a good lande1 ,king ,alexander did make a citie ther that men call ,alexandry4 ,footnote #a3 ,burn4 ,footnote #b3 ,breast4 ,footnote #c3 ,war4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,li4 ,of the lande of ,ethiope4 ,illustration ,,on the other side of ,calde toward the south side is ,ethyope a great lande4 ,in this lande on the south are the folke right blacke4 ,in that side is a well that in the daye the water is so colde that no man may drinke thereof1 in the nighte it is so hote that no man may suffer to put his hand in it4 ,in this lande the rivers and all the waters are troublous and some dele salte for the great hete1 and men of yt lande are lightly dronken haue little appetite to meate1 and they haue commonly the flixe of body and they live not long4 ,in ,ethiope#a are such men that have but one foote1 and they go so fast yt it is a great marvaill1 that is a large fote that the shadow thereof covereth ye body from son or rayne when they lye uppon their backes1 and when their children be first borne they loke like russet1 and when they waxe olde then they be all blacke4 ,in ,ethiope is the lande of ,saba1 of the which one of the three ,kings that sought our ,lorde at ,bethleem was ,king4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,like many other marvellous stories related by ,sir ,john ,mandeville1 they were told by ,pliny1 in his ,natural ,history1 nearly #abjj years previously4 ,for instance1 in ,book #g1 chap1 li41 devoted to ,man1 he quotes ,ctesias as saying that in ,india is another race of men1 who are known as ,monocoli1 who have only one leg1 but are able to leap with surprising agility4 ,the same people are also called ,sciapodoe1 because they are in the habit of lying on their backs during the time of extreme heat and protect themselves from the sun by the shade of their feet4 ,for other types of these peculiar people see ,appendix4 ,,cap4 ,,lii4 ,of ,inde the more1 ,inde the lesse1 of diamonds1 and small people1 other things4 ,,from ,ethyope men go into ,inde through many dyverse countreys1 and it is called ,inde the more1 and it is departed in three parties1 that is to say1 ,inde the more that is a full hote lande1 ,inde the lesse is a temperate land1 and the thyrde part that is toward the north there it is right cold1 so that for greate colde1 frost yce1 the water becommeth ,cristal upon that groweth the good diamondes yt is like a trouble#a colour1 that ,diamonde is so harde that no man may breake it4 ,other ,diamonds men finde in ,araby that are not so good for they are more softer and some are in ,cipres and in ,macedony men also finde diamondes but the best are in ,inde some are founde many times in a masse that cometh oute where men fynde golde from the myne when men breake the masse in pyeces1 and sometyme men finde some of greatnesse of a pese1#b and some lesse1 and those are as harde as those of ,inde1 and all if it be that men fynde good dyamondes in ,indie upon the ,roch of ,crystall1 also menne finde good dyamondes upon the ,roch of ,adamante#c in the sea and on hilles1 as it were haysell noutes1#d and they are all square and poynted of theyre owne kynde1 and they grow both togither1 male and female1 and are noryshed with the dewe of heaven1 and they engendre commonly bring forth small children that multiply growe all the yeare4 ,i haue many times assayed that if a man kepe them with a lyttle of the roche1 and wette them with many dewes oft times1 they shal grow euery yeare1 and the small shall waxe greate4 ,and a manne shall bere the ,diamonde in his left side1 and then it is of more vertue1 for the strength of theyr growing is toward the ,north1 that is on the lefte side as men of those countreys say4 ,to him that beareth the diamond upon him it giveth him hardinesse1 it kepeth his lims of his body hole1 it giveth victory of#e enimies if a mans cause be ryght1 and hym that bereth it in good will1 it kepeth him from strife1 from ryote1 ill dreames1 and sorcerys1 and enchauntements1 and no wylde beste shall greve him nor assaile him4 ,and also the ,dyamonde shoulde be given freely without covetyse and bying1 then it is of more vertue1 it healeth him that is lunatyke1 and he that is travailed with a divell1 and if venym or poyson be brought in the presence of the ,diamonde so soon it moysteth and beginneth to sweate1 and men may well polyce#f them to make men beleve that they may not be polyshed4 ,but men may assaye them well in this maner1 fyrst cut with them an diverse precious stones1 as ,saphyrs or other uppon ,crystall and then men take a stone that is called ,adamande1 lay a nedell before that ,adamande and if the ,diamond is good vertuous the ,adamande draweth not the nedell to him whiles the ,diamonde is there4 ,and this is the proof that they make beyonde the sea4 ,but it falleth sometime that the good diamond loseth his vertue through him that wereth it1 and therefore it is nedefull for to make it to recover his virtue againe1 or else it is lyttle of value4#g ,footnote #a3 ,prismatic4 ,footnote #b3 ,pea4 ,footnote #c3 ,rocks of ,magnetic ,loadstone were then firmly believed in4 ,footnote #d3 ,hazel nuts4 ,footnote #e3 ,over4 ,footnote #f3 ,polish4 ,footnote #g3 ,this description of the diamond is largely taken from ,pliny1 book #cg1 chap4 iv4 ,,cap4 ,,liii4 ,of diverse countreys ,kingdomes yles of the lande of ,inde4 ,illustration ,,many diverse countreys ,kingdoms are in ,inde1 and it is called ,inde of a river that runneth through it1 which is called ,inde also there are many precious stones in that river ,inde4 ,and in that ryver men finde ,eles of xxx foote long men yt dwell nere that river are of evill colour1 yelowe grene4 ,in ,inde is more than fyve thousande yles that men dwell in good and great1 beside those that men dwel not in4 ,and in eche one of those is great plenty of cities and muche people1 for men of ,inde are of that condicion that they passe not out of theyr lande commonly1 for they dwell under a planet that is called ,saturne1 that planet maketh his course by the xii signes in xxx#a yeare and the ,mone passeth through the xii signes in a moneth and for that ,saturne is of so late sterying1#b therefore men that dwell under him1 in that clymate have no good will to be much sterying aboute4 ,and in our countrey is it contrary1 for we are in a climate that is of the mone1 of light stering and that is the planet of way1 therefore it giveth us will to much moving steryng and to go into diverse countreys of the world1 for it goeth about the worlde more lyghtly than any other planet dothe4 ,also men passe through ,inde by many countreys unto the great ,occean ,sea4 ,and then they fynde the yle of ,hermes where marchaunts of ,venis and of ,gene and of other diverse partes of christendome come for to by them marchaundise4 ,illustration ,illustration ,in this lande men and women lye all naked in the ryvers and waters1 from undren#c or heate of the day tyll it be past none1 and they ly all in the water but the face1 for the great heat that is there1 and the women be not ashamed for the men4 ,in that yle are the ships without nayles of yron1 or bond1 for roches of ,adamand#d that are in the sea would draw shippes to them4 ,from this yle men go by the sea to the yle of ,lana where is great plenty of corne1 and the ,king of this yle was sometime so mighty that he helde war against ,king ,alexander with great strength4 ,men of this yle have many maner beleves and faithe have also diverse lawes1 for some do worship the ,sunne1 some the fyre1 some the trees1 some the serpents1 or any other thinge that they fyrst meete in the morning1 and some doe worship simulacres#e and ,idoles1 but betwene symulacres ydoles is no#f difference1 and that is to understande1 ymages made to what lykenesse of thing that man may invent1 for some ymage hath an head lyke an ,oxe1 some haue three or foure heddes1 on of a man or an hors or ,oxe or any other best that no man hath seene4 ,and ye shall understande that they that worship symulacres they worship them as for worthy men that were sometime1 as ,hercules1 and other that dyd many mervayles in theyr tymes4 ,for they saye they know well that they are not god of kynde#g that made all thinges1 but that they are wel#h with god for the mervayles that they did1 and therefore they worship them4 ,and so say they of the sonne1 for it chaungeth oft tymes1 for it giueth sometime great heate for to nourych#i all things on earth1 bicause it is of so greate profyte they knowe well that it is not ,god but it is well with ,god that ,god loveth it more than any other thing1 and for this cause they worshippe it4 ,and also they saye theyr reasons of other planettes1 and of fyre also1 for it is profitable1 and nedefull4 ,and of ydolls they say the ,oxe is the holyest that they may finde here in earthe1 and more profitable than any other1 for he doth much good1 and none ille1 and they knowe well that it maye not bee without the speciall grace of ,god1 and therefore they make theyr ,god of an ,oxe1 the one halfe1 and the other halfe a man1 for man is the fairest and the best creature of the worlde4 ,and they doe worship to serpentes1 and other beastes that they fyrste meete with in the morninge1 and namely those bestes that have good1 meting after whome they speake#aj well all the day after1 the which they have proved of long time1 therefore they say that this meting cometh of ,gods grace1 and therefore they doe make ymages lyke unto those things that they may worship them before they meete anythinges else4 ,and there are some christen men that say that some bestes are better for to meet than some1 for hares1 swine1 and other bestes are ill to meete first1 as they saye4 ,in this yle of ,cana is many wilde bestes1 rattes in that countrey are as great as houndes here1 and they take them with mastifes1 for cattes may not take them4 ,fro thence men come to a citie that men call ,sarchys1 and it is a faire and a goode citie and there dwell many christen men of ,gods faith1 and there be men of religion4 ,from thence men come to the land of ,lombe in that lande groweth peper in a forest that men call ,tomber it groweth in none other place more in all the worlde than in that forest1 and that forest is well ,l#aa daies journey4 ,and there by the lande of ,lombe is the ,citie of ,polomes1#ab and under that ,citie is an hyll that men call ,polombe and thereof taketh the citie his name4 ,and so at the fote of the same hill is a right faire and a clere well1 that hath a full good and sweete savoure1 and it smelleth of all maner of sortes of spyces1 and also at eche houre of the daye it changeth his savour diversly1 and who drinketh thries on the daye of that well1 he is made hole of all maner 7of7 sickenesse that he hathe4 ,i have sometime dronke of that well1 and methinketh yet that ,i fare the better2 some call it the well of youth1 for they that drinke thereof seme to be yong alway1 and live without great sicknesse1 and they saye this well1 cometh from ,paradise terrestre1 for it is so vertuous1 and in this lande groweth ginger1 and thither come many good marchauntes for spyces4 ,in this countrey men worship the ,oxe for his great simpleness and mekenesse1 and the profite that is in him1 for they make the ,oxe to travaile vi or vii yere and then men do eate him4 ,and the ,kinge of that land hath euermore one ,oxe with him1 and he that kepeth him euery day taketh hys fees for the keping4 ,and also euery daye he gathereth his uryne and his dong in a vessell of gold1 and bereth it to the prelate that they call1 ,archi porta papaton#ac and the prelate bereth it to the ,king1 and maketh thereupon a great blessing and then the ,king putteth his hande therein1 and they call it gaule and hee anoynteth his fronte1 and his breste therewith1 and they doe it great worship1 and saye he shall be fulfilled with the vertu of the ,oxe before sayde1 and that he is halowed through vertue of that holy thinge as they saye4 ,and when the ,kinge hath this done1 then doe it other lordes1 and after them other men after theyr degree1 if they may haue any of the remenaunt4#ad ,in thys countrey theyr ydoles are halfe men and halfe oxe1 as the figure sheweth in the seconde lefe here before1 and out of these ydolles the wycked ghost#ae speaketh unto them1 and giveth them aunswere of what thing that they aske him1 and before these ydolles they many times sleay theyr children1 and sprinkle the blood on the ydoles1 and so make they sacrifice4 ,and if any man die in that countrey1 they brene them in tokening of penaunce that he should suffer no penance if he were layd in the earth for eating of wormes4 ,and if his wife haue no children then they burne hir with him1 and they saye that is good reason that she keepe him company in the other worlde1 as she dyd in this1 if she haue children she may liue with them and#af she will2 and if the wyfe dye before1 she shall be burnt1 hir husbande also1 if he will4 ,in this countrey groweth good wine1 women drink wine men none1 and women shaue theyr berds not men4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,pynson says #bj years4 ,footnote #b3 ,slow motion4 ,footnote #c3 ,an early hour before noon4 ,a ,latin edition has it3--,a diei hora tertia1 usq3 ad nonam4 ,footnote #d3 ,loadstone rocks4 ,footnote #e3 ,images4 ,footnote #f3 ,other editions have a gret difference1 which the context shows should be the right reading4 ,footnote #g3 ,similar to ,him that made1 c4 ,footnote #h3 ,they were helped by ,god in the marvels1 c4 ,footnote #i3 ,nourish4 ,footnote #aj3 ,speed1 i4e4 have good luck4 ,footnote #aa3 ,other editions say #ah4 ,footnote #ab3 ,quilon1 on the ,malabar ,coast4 ,footnote #ac3 ,archi proto papaton4 ,footnote #ad3 ,remnant4 ,footnote #ae3 ,wicked spirit4 ,footnote #af3 ,an1 if4 ,,cap4 ,,liiii4 ,of the ,kingedome of ,mabaron4 ,illustration ,,from this lande men go many journeys to a countrey that men call ,mabaron1#a and this is a greate ,kingdome1 therein is many fayre cities townes4 ,in this lande lyeth ,sainct ,thomas in a fayre tombe1 in fleshe and bones1 in the ,citie of ,calamy1 and the arme and hande that hee put in our ,lordes syde after his resurrection1 when ,christ sayde unto hym1 ,noli esse incredulus sed fidelis31 that is to saye1 ,be not of vaine hope but beleve2 that same hande lyeth yet without the tombe bare1 and with this hande they giue theyr domes#b in that countrey1 to mete#c who saith righte1 and who doeth not1 for1 if any stryfe be betwene two parties1 they write their names1 put them into the hand1 then incontinently the hande casteth away the byll#d of him that hath wronge and holdeth the other still that hathe righte1 and therefore they come from farre countreys to have ,judgementes of causes that are in doubte4 ,in this church of ,saint ,thomas is a great image1 yt is a simulacre1 it is richly beset with precious stons perles1 to that image men come in pilgrimage from farre countreys1 with great devocion1 as ,christen men go to ,saint ,james1 there come some pilgrims yt beare sharp knives in theyr handes1 as they go by the waye they shere#e theyr shankes thyghes1 that the bloude may come out for the love of that ydoll and they saye that he is holy that will dye for that ydols sake4 ,and there is some that for the time that they go out of their houses at eche third pace they knele till that they come to this idole4 ,and when they come there they have ensence#f or such other thing for to ensence the ydole1 as we would do to ,gods body4 ,and there before that mynster or church of this ydol1 is a river full of water1 in that river pilgrims cast gold1 silver1 perles other precious stones without number1 in stede of offerings1 and therefore1 when ye maister of the minster hath any neede of helping1 as sone they go the river take thereout as much as they haue neede to helping of ye minster4 ,and ye shall understande when that any greate festes come of ye ,idol1 as the dedication day of the church1 or of the throning of the ,idol1 all the countrey there about assemble them there togither and then men set this ,idoll with great reverence worship in a chaire well dressed with cloth of gold1 and other tapistry1 so they carry him with great reverence worship1 rounde about the citie1 and before the chaire goeth firste in procession all the maidens of the countrey two two togither1 so after them go the pilgrimes that are come fro far countreys1 of the which pilgrims some fall downe before the chaire1 letteth all go over them and so are they slaine1 and some haue theyr armes broken leggs1#g and this they doe for love of the ,idol1 and they beleve the more paine that they suffer here for their ,idol the more joy shall they haue in ye other world1 a man shall finde few ,christen men will suffer so much penaunce for our ,lordes sake as they do for the ydoll4 ,and nighe before the chaire go all the mynstrels of the countrey1 as it were without nomber with many divers melodyes4 ,and when they are come againe to the ,church they sette up the ydol againe in his throne1 and for worship of the ydoll two or three#h are slaine with sharpe knives with their good will4 ,and also a man thinketh in our countrey that he hath a great worshippe to haue an holy man in his kyn1 lykewise they saye that those that are there slayne are holye men and sayntes they are wrytten in their letany1 and when they are thus dead theyr frendes brene theyr bodies they take the ashes1 and those are kepte as relykes1 and they say it is an holy thing1 that they doubte of no perill when they haue of those ashes4 ,illustration ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,identical with the ,maabav of ,marco ,polo1 book #c1 cap4 xvi41 where he gives a very interesting account of the place4 ,it was what we call the ,coromandel ,coast4 ,footnote #b3 ,judgments4 ,footnote #c3 ,find out4 ,footnote #d3 ,paper4 ,footnote #e3 ,cut their legs4 ,footnote #f3 ,incense4 ,footnote #g3 ,mandeville probably describes the ,car of ,juggernaut4 ,footnote #h3 ,other editions have it two or three hundred4 ,,cap4 ,,lv4 ,of a great countrey called ,lamory1 where the people go all naked other things4 ,illustration ,,from this countrey ,,lii journeys is a countrey that men call ,lamory1#a and in that lande is greate heate1 and it is the custome there1 that men and women go al naked and they scorne all them that are clade1 for they say that ,god made ,adam ,eve all naked1 and that men shoulde haue no shame of that ,god made1 they beleve in the same ,god that made ,adam ,eve and all the world1 and there is no woman wedded1 but women are all common there1 and they forsake no man4 ,and they say that ,god commaunded to ,adam ,eve and all that come of them saying1 ,crescite multiplicamini1 replete ,terram4 ,that is to say in ,english1 ,encrease multiply and fyll the earth1 and no man may say there1 ,this is my wife1 no woman may say1 this is my husbande4 ,and when they haue any children they give them to whom they will of men that haue medled with them4 ,also the lande is all common1 for every man taketh what he will1 for that one man hath in one yere now1 an other man hath another yeare4 ,also all the goods1 as corne1 beastes and all maner thing of that countrey are all in common4 ,for there is nothing under locke1 and as riche is one man as an other1 but they haue an evill custome in eating of fleshe1 for they eate gladlier mans fleshe than other4 ,neverthelesse in that lande is abundaunce of corne1 of fleshe1 of fishe1 of golde of silver and all maner of goods4 ,and thether doeth the marchauntes bring their children for to sell1 and those that are fatte they eate them1 those that be lean1 they kepe them tyll they befatte1 then are they eaten4 ,and besyde this yle of ,lamory1 is another yle that men call ,somober1#b and is a good yle1 men of that yle do marke them in the visage with an hot yron1 bothe men women for great nobility to be knowen from other1 for they hold themselfe the worthiest of ye world and they haue warre evermore with those men that are naked that ,i spake of before4 ,also there are many other yles and diverse maner of men1 of the which it were overmuch for to speake of all4 ,illustration ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,sumatra4 ,footnote #b3 8 ,sumatra4 ,one or other1 ,lamory or ,somober1 is evidently this island4 ,,cap4 ,,lvi4 ,of the countrey and yle named ,java1 which is a mighty lande4 ,illustration ,,and there is also a great yle that men call ,java the kinge of that countrey hath under hym seven kinges1 for he is a full mightie prince4 ,in this yle groweth all maner of spyces more plenteously than in any other place1 as ginger1 clowes1 canell#a nutmyge#b and other1 and ye shall understande that the nutmyge beareth the maces1 of all thing therein is plenty savinge wine4 ,the ,king of this lande hath a riche palace and the best that is in the worlde1 for all the greces of his hall and chambres are all made one of gold another of silver1 all the walls are plated with fine gold and silver1 on those plates are written stories of knightes1 and batayles1 and the pavimente of the hall and chambres is of golde and silver1 and there is no man that woulde beleve this riches that is there except hee had sene it1 and the ,kynge of this yle is so mightie1 that he hath many times overcom the great ,caane of ,cathay which is the myghtiest ,emperour that is in all the worlde1 for there is often warre amonge them1 for the great ,caane would make hym hold his land of him4 ,footnote #a3 ,cinnamon4 ,footnote #b3 ,nutmeg4 ,,cap4 ,,lvii4 ,of the ,kingdome of ,pathen or ,salmasse1 which is a goodly lande4 ,,and for to go forth by the sea1 there is an yle that is called ,pater1 and some call it ,salmasse1 for it is a great kingedome with many faire cities4 ,in this lande groweth trees that beare meale1 of which men make faire bread white of good savour1 and it seemeth lyke as it were of wheate4 ,and there be other trees that beare venym1#a againe the which is no medicine but one1 that is to take of the leaves of the same tree and stampe them1 and tempre them with water and drinke it1 or else he shall dye sodainly1 for ,treacle may not helpe4 ,and if you will know how this tree beare meale1 ,i shall tell you1 men hew with a hatchet aboute the rote of the tree by the earth1 and they perce him in many sundry places1 and then cometh out a lycoure the which they take in a vessell1 and sette in the sonne and dry it1 and when it is dry1 they cary it unto the mille to grynde1 and so it is faire meale and white4 ,also hony wyne1 and venym are drawen out of other trees in the same maner1 and they put it in vessels to keepe4 ,in that yle is a dead sea1 which is a water that hath no grounde and if anythinge fall therein it shall never be founde1 besyde that sea groweth great canes and under theyr rootes men finde precious stones of great vertue1 for he that beareth one of those stones uppon him1 there may no yron greve#b him nor drawe blood on hym1 and therefore they yt have those stones fyght full hardely1 for there may no quarell#c nor such thing greve them1 therefore they that knowe the maner make their quarell without yron so they sleay them4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,poison1 i4e41 are poisonous4 ,footnote #b3 ,wound or hurt4 ,footnote #c3 ,arrow4 ,,cap4 ,,lviii4 ,of the ,kingdome of ,talonach1 the king thereof hath many wyves4 ,illustration ,,then is there another yle that men call ,talonach1 that is a greate lande1 and plenteous of goods fyshes1 as you shall hereafter heare4 ,and the ,king of the lande hath as many wives as he will1 a thousande mo1 and lyeth never by one of them but once1 and that lande hath a marvayle that is in no other land1 for all maner of fyshes of the sea cometh there once a yeare1 one after another1 and lyeth him nere the lande1 sometime on the lande1 and so lye three dayes1 and men of that lande come thither and take of them what he will1 and then go those fyshes awaye and another sorte commeth1 and lyeth also three dayes and men take of them1 and doe thus all maner of fyshes tyll all haue bene there1 and menne have taken what they wyll4 ,and menne wot#a not the cause why it is so4 ,but they of that countrey saye1 that those fyshes come so thyther to do worship to theyr king1 for they say he is the most worthiest king of the worlde for he hath so many wives and geateth so many children of them4 ,and that same kinge that ,,xiiii ,m ,olyfauntes or mo which be all tame1 and they be all fedde of the men his countrey1 for his pleasure bicause that he may haue them redy to his hande when he hath any warre against any kyng or prince1 and then he doth put uppon theyr backs castels men of warre as the use is of the lande1 and lykewyse do other kyngs and princes thereabout4 ,illustration ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,know4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,lix4 ,of the ylande called ,raso#a where men be hanged as sone as they are sicke4 ,illustration ,,and from this yle menne go unto another yle that men call ,raso1 and menne of this yle when that theyr friendes are sicke that they beleve surely that they shal dye1 they take them hange them al quick on a tree1 and say that it is better that byrdes1 that are aungels of ,god1 eate them1 than wormes of the earthe4 ,fro thence men go to an yle where the men are of ill kinde1 for they nourishe houndes for to strangle men4 ,and when theyr friendes are sicke that they hope they shal dye1 then do those houndes strangle them1 for they wyll not that they dye a kyndely death1 for then shoulde they suffre to great paine as they say1 when they are thus dead they eate theyre flesh for venison4 ,footnote #a3 ,pynson and others say ,gaffolo or ,caffolos4 ,,cap4 ,,lx4 ,of the ylande of ,melke wherein dwelleth evill people4 ,illustration ,,from thence menne go through many yles by sea unto an yle that men call ,melke1 and there be full yll people1 for they haue none other delyte but to fyght and slee men1 for they drinke gladly mans blood1 which blood they call good1 and they that maye most sleay is of moste name amonge them4 ,and if two men there be at stryfe and after bee made at one1 it behoveth them to drink eyther others blood1 or else the accorde is nought4 ,from this yle men go to an yle that is called ,tracota where all men are as beastes not reasonable1 they dwell in caves1 for they haue not wyt to make them houses1 they eate adders#a and they speake not1 but they make such a noyse as adders doe one to another1 and they make no force of ryches but of a stone that hath forty colours1 and it is called ,traconyt after that yle1 they know not the vertue thereof but they covete it for the great fayreness4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,pliny speaks 7,book #g1 cap4 #b7 of adder-eating people in ,india and elsewhere1 but he says they live to the age of four hundred years1 which is supposed to be owing to the flesh of vipers1 which they use as food1 in consequence of which they are free from all noxious animals1 both in their hair and their garments4 ,in book #bi1 c4 #ch1 he also gives directions for the preparation of viper's flesh for food4 ,,cap4 ,,lxi4 ,of an yland named ,macumeran1 whereas the people haue heads lyke houndes4#a ,illustration ,,from that yle menne go to an yle that is called ,macumeran1 whiche is a greate yle and a fayre and the men and women of the countrey haue heads like houndes1 they are reasonable worship an oxe for their god1 they go all naked but a little clothe before them1 they are good men to fighte1 they beare a great target with which they couer all the body and a speare in theyr hande1 and if they take any man in batayle they sende him to theyr ,king which is a great lorde devoute in his faith1 for he hath about his necke on a cord thre hondred pearles great orient1#b in maner of ,pater noster1 and as we saye ,pater noster1 and ,ave maria4 ,right so ye ,king saith euery day three hundred prayers to his god before he eate1 he beareth also about hys necke a ruby1 oryent1 fine good1 that is neer a foote five fingers long4 ,for when they chuse theyr ,kyng they giue to him that ,ruby to beare in his hande1 and then they lead him riding about the citie1 and then euer after are they subjecte to him1 and therefore he beareth that ,ruby alway about his necke1 for if he beareth not the ,ruby1 they woulde no longer holde hym for kynge4 ,the greate ,caane of ,cathay hath much coveted this ,ruby3 but he might never haue it1 neither for war nor for other catell1#c and this ,kinge is a full true a righteous man1 for men may go safely surely through his lande beare yt he will1 for there is no man so hardy to let#d them4 ,and from thence men go to an ile that is called ,silo1 this ile is more than a hundred#e myle about and therein be many serpents which are great with yelow stripes they haue foure feete1 with short leggs great claws1 some be five fadome#f of length some of viii some of x some more and some lesse be called ,cocodrylles there are also many wylde beasts ,olyfants4#g ,also in this yle in many yles thereabout are many wyld geese with two heads1 and there be also in yt countrey white lyons and many other dyverse mervaylous beastes1 if ,i should tell it all it should be to long4 ,illustration ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,again in ,book #g1 cap4 #b1 ,pliny speaks of ,cynocephali1 or dog-headed people1 for he says that on many of the mountains there is a tribe of men1 who have the heads of dogs1 and clothe themselves with the skins of wild beasts4 ,instead of speaking1 they bark2 and1 furnished with claws1 they live by hunting and catching birds4 ,footnote #b3 ,oriental1--coming from the ,east4 ,footnote #c3 ,nor in exchange4 ,footnote #d3 ,hinder4 ,footnote #e3 ,others say #hjj4 ,footnote #f3 ,a fathom is #f feet4 ,footnote #g3 ,elephants4 ,,cap4 ,,lxii4 ,of a great yland called ,dodyn1 where are many diverse men of evill conditions4 ,illustration ,,then there is another yle that men call ,dodyn1 it is a great yle4 ,in this yle are maner diverse maner of men yt haue evyll maners1 for the father eateth the son the son the father the husband his wyfe and the wyfe hir husbande4 ,and if it so be that the father be sicke1 or the mother1 or any frend1 the sonne goeth soone to the priest of the law prayeth him that he will aske of the ydoll if his father shall dye of that sicknesse or not4 ,and then the priest and the son kneele downe before the ydole devoutly asketh him1 and he aunswereth to them1 and if he say that he shall lyve1 then they kepe him wel1 and if he say that he shall dye1 then commeth the priest with the son or with the wyfe or what frende that it be unto him yt is sicke1 and they lay their hands over his mouth to stop his breath1 and so they sley him then they smite all the body into peces praieth all his frendes for to come and eate of him that is dead1 and they make a great feste thereof and haue many minstrels there1 and eate him with great melody4 ,and so when they haue eaten al ye flesh1 then they take the bones and bury them all singing with great worship1 and all those that are of his friendes that were not there at the eating of him haue great shame and vylany1 so that they shall never more be taken as frends4 ,and the ,king of this yle is a great lord and mightie1 he hath under him ,,liiii grete ,yles and eche of them hath a ,king1 and in one of these yles are men that haue but one eye1 that is in the middest of theyr front and they eate not flesh fishe all rawe4 ,and in another yle dwell men that haue no heads theyr eyen are in theyr shoulders theyr mouth is on theyr breste4#a ,in another yle are men that haue no head ne eyen and theyr mouth is in theyr shoulders4 ,and in another yle are men that haue flatte faces without nose and without eyen1 but they haue two small round holes in stede of eyen1 and they haue a flatte mouth without lippes4 ,and in that yle are men also that haue their faces all flat without eyen1 without mouth without nose1 but they haue their eyen and their mouth behinde on their shoulders4 ,and in an other yle are foule men that haue the lippes aboute the mouth so greate that when they sleepe in the sonne1 they cover all theyr face with the lippe4 ,and in another yle are lyttle men as dwarfes1 and haue no mouth but a lyttle rounde hole through that hole they eate their meat with a pipe1 they haue no tongue they speake not but they blow whistle and so make signes one to another4 ,and in another yle are men with hanging eares unto their shoulders4#b ,and in another yle are wild men with hanging eares haue feete lyke an hors they run faste they take wild beastes and eate them4 ,and in another yle are men that go on theyr handes feete lyke beasts are all rough and will leape upon a tree like cattes or apes4 ,and in an other yle are men that go euer uppon theyr knees mervaylosly1 and haue on euery foote viii ,toes4#c ,many other maner of folke bee in the sea in yles thereabout1 of whome it were to longe to tell all4 ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,here again ,pliny says in his #gth book1 cap4 #b3--,these people dwell not very far from the ,troglodyt 7dwellers in caves7 to the west1 of whom again there is a tribe who are without necks1 and have eyes in their shoulders4 ,footnote #b3 ,see ,appendix4 ,footnote #c3 ,here a paragraph is omitted1 not being suitable for general readers4 ,,cap4 ,,lxiii4 ,of the ,kingedome named ,mancy which is the best kingedome of the worlde4 ,,to go from this yle toward the east many journies a man shall finde a kingdome that is called ,mancy#a this is in ,inde the more1 it is ye most delectable and plenty of goods of all the worlde4 ,in this lande dwell christen men and ,sarasins1 for it is a great lande1 and therein are ,,ii ,m great cities many other townes4 ,in this lande no man goeth a begging1 for there is no pore man1 and there men haue beardes of heare#b as it were cattes4 ,in this lande are faire women1 and therefore some men call that lande ,albany1 for the white folke1 and there is a citie that men call ,latorim and is more#c than ,paris1 and in that land are birdes twise greater than they be here and there is all maner of vytayles good cheape4#d ,in this countrey are whyte hennes1 and they beare no feathers but woll#e as shepe doe in our lande2 and women of that countrey that are wedded beare crownes uppon theyr heads that they may be knowne by4 ,in this countrey they take a beast that is called ,loyres1 and they keepe it to goe in to waters or ryvers1 and straighte waye hee bringeth out of the water great fishes1 and thus they take fishe as longe as they will1 and as them nedeth4 ,fro this citie men go by many journeys to an other citie that is called ,cassay1#f that is the fayrest citie of the worlde1 and that citie is fifty myle about and there is in that citie mo than xii#g principall gates without4 ,from thence within three myle is an other great citie1 and within this citie are more than xii thousand bridges and upon eche bridge is a stronge toure where the kepers dwell to kepe it against the great ,caane1 for it marcheth#h on his land4 ,and on one side of the citie runneth a great river1 and there dwell christen men other for it is a good countrey and plentious1 there groweth right good wine4 ,in this noble citie the ,king of ,mancy was wont to dwell and there dwell religious men1 as fryers4 ,and men go vpon the river till they come to an ,abbey of ,monkes a lyttle from the citie in yt ,abbey is a great gardeine1 and therein is many maner of trees of divers fruites1 in that gardein are divers kindes of beastes1 as ,baboyns1#i ,apes1 ,marmosets and other1 when the covent#aj haue eaten1 a monke taketh the reliefe#aa beareth it into the gardein1 smiteth once with a bell of silver which he holdeth in his hand1 anone come out these beastes that ,i speake of and many nere ,,ii or ,,iii thousand1#ab and he giveth them to eate of#ac faire vessels of silver1 when they haue eaten he smyteth the bell againe and they go away1 and the monke sayth that those beasts are soules of men that are dead1 and those beastes that are fayre are soules of ,lordes and other rich men1 those that are foule beastes are soules of other commons1 and ,i asked them if it had not been better to give that relife to pore men1 they sayde there is no pore men in ye countrey and if there were yet were it more almes to give it to those soules yt suffer there their penaunce may go no farther to get their meat1 than to men that haue wit may travail for theyr meat4 ,then come men to a citie yt is called ,chibens there was the first sege#ad of the ,king of ,mancy4 ,in this citie are ,,lx brydges of stone as fayre as they may be4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,or ,manzi1 that part of ,china south of the river ,hoang-ho4 ,footnote #b3 ,pynson has berdes thynne of here1 as it were cattes4 ,footnote #c3 ,larger4 ,footnote #d3 ,pynson here has1 and there is plenty of great neddres 7adders7 of whyche they make a greate fest and ete theym at great solemnytees4 ,for1 if a man make a greate fest1 and had gyven them all the mete that he myght gete1 and he give theym no neddres1 he hath no thanke for all that he doth4 ,footnote #e3 ,wool4 ,footnote #f3 ,hangchow-fu4 ,footnote #g3 ,pynson says1 ,there is in yt citie mo than ,,vii thousand gates and each of ,,iii gate is a good toure where the kepers dwell1 c4 ,footnote #h3 ,borders4 ,footnote #i3 ,baboons4 ,footnote #aj3 ,convent4 ,footnote #aa3 ,what is left over4 ,footnote #ab3 ,pynson says ,,iii ,thousand or ,,iiii ,thousand4 ,footnote #ac3 ,off4 ,footnote #ad3 ,seat or settlement4 ,,cap4 ,,lxiiii4 ,of the lande of ,pygmen1#a wherein dwell but smal people of three spanne long4 ,,when men passe from that citie of ,chibens1 they passe over a great river of freshe water1 and it is nere ,,iiii mile brode then men enter into the lande of the great ,caan4 ,this river goeth through the land of ,pigmeens1 and there men are of little stature for they are but three span long1 and they are right fayre bothe men and women1 though they bee little1 and they are wedded when they are halfe a yere olde1 and they live but viii#b yeare1 and he that liveth viii yeare is holden right olde1 and these small men are the best workemen in sylke and of cotton in all maner of thing that are in the worlde1 and these smal men travail not nor tyl land but they haue amonge them great men1 as we are1 to travaill for them they haue great scorne of those great men1 as we would haue of giaunts or of them if they were among us4 ,footnote #a3 ,pigmies1 dwarfs4 ,homer1 in the third book of the ,iliad1 has immortalized the ,pigmies and their battles with the ,cranes4 7,see ,appendix for a curious engraving47 ,pliny1 in his #gth ,book1 cap4 #b1 speaks thus of them3 ,beyond these people1 and at the very extremity of the mountains1 the ,trispithami 7from ,greek3 treis1 three1 and ,greek3 spithamai1 spans71 and the ,pigmies are said to exist2 two races that are but three spans in height--that is to say1 twenty-seven inches only4 ,they enjoy a salubrious atmosphere and a perpetual spring1 being sheltered by the mountains from the northern blasts3 it is these people that ,homer has mentioned as being waged war upon by cranes4 ,it is said that they are in the habit of going down1 every spring1 to the sea shore in a large body1 seated on the backs of rams and goats1 and armed with arrows1 and there destroy the eggs and the young of those birds2 that this expedition occupies them for the space of three months1 and that otherwise it would be impossible for them to withstand the increasing multitudes of the cranes4 ,their cabins1 it is said1 are built of mud1 mixed with feathers and egg-shells4 ,aristotle1 indeed1 says that they dwell in caves2 but1 in other respects1 he gives the same details as other writers4 ,footnote #b3 ,other editions say six or seven years4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,lxv4 ,of the citie of ,menke where is a great navy4 ,,from this land men go through many countreys cities towns1 till they come to a citie that men call ,menke4 ,in that citie is a great navy of ships and they are as white as snow of the kind of the wod that they are made of they are made as it were great houses with halles and chambres and other easements4#a ,footnote #a3 ,conveniences4 ,,cap4 ,,lxvi4 ,of the land named ,cathay and of the great riches thereof4 ,,and from thence men go uppon a river that men call ,ceremosan1 and this river goeth throughe ,cathay#a doth many times harme when it waxeth great4 ,cathay is a faire countrey rich1 ful of goods and merchandises1 thether come marchauntes everye yeare for to fetch spices and other marchandises more commonly than they do in other countreys4 ,and ye shall understand that marchaunts that come from ,venice or from ,gene or from other places of ,lombardy1 or of ,italy1 they go by sea and land1 xi monthes and more or they may come to ,cathay4 ,footnote #a3 ,northern ,china4 ,,cap4 ,,lxvii4 ,of a great citie named ,cadon therein is the great ,caanes palaice and sege4 ,,in the province of ,cathay towards the ,east1 is an olde citie beside that citie the ,tartariens have made an other citie that men call ,cadon1#a yt hathe xii#b gates1 and betwene eche two gates is a great myle1 so those two cities the olde and the new is round about xx myle4 ,in this citie is the palaice and sege of ye great ,caane in a full faire place and great1 of which the wals about is two myle1 and within that are many fayre places1 and in the gardeyne of that palaice is a right greate hill on the which is an other palaice1 and it is the fayrest that may bee founde in any place1 and all about that hyll are many trees berynge divers fruites1 and about that hyll is a great dyche1 and there nere are many rivers on eche syde1 and in those are many wylde foules that he may take and not go out of the palayce4 ,within ye hall of that palaice are xxiiii pillers of gold and all the walks are covered with rych skynnes of beastes that men call ,panthera4 ,those are fayre beastes and well smelling and of the smell of those skynnes1 none evyll smell may come to the palayce1 those skynnes are as redde as bloude1 and they shine so against the ,sonne that a man can scarcely beholde them and those skynnes are estemed there as much as golde4 ,in the myddest of the palace is a place made that they call the ,monture#c for the great ,caane1 that is well made with precious stones and great hanging about1 and at the foure corners of that ,montour are foure nedders#d of golde1 under that mountour and about are conduites of bevrage that they drink in the ,emperour's courte4 ,and the hall of that palayce is richly dight and wel1 and firste at the upper ende of the hall is the throne of the ,emperour right hie where he sitteth at meate 7at a7 table that is well bordered with gold and that bordure is full of precious stones and great pearles1 and the greces on which he goeth up are of diverse precious stones bordred with golde4 ,at the left syde of his throne is the sege of his wife a degree lower than he sitteth and that is of ,jasper bordred with gold and the sege of his seconde wife is a degree lower than the fyrste1 and that is also of good ,jasper bordred with golde and the sege of the thyrd wife is a degree lower than the seconde for alwaye he hathe three wives with him wheresoeuer he is1 besyde these wives on the same side setteth other ladies of his kin eche one lower than other1 as they are of degree1 and all those that are wedded1 haue a counterfaite#e of a man's foote uppon their heads a cubite long and all made with precious stones1 about they are made with shining fethers of pecockes or such other in tokening that they are in subjection to man under men's feete1 they that are not wedded haue none such4 ,on the right side of the ,emperour sitteth fyrste his sonne the which shall be ,emperour after him1 and he sitteth also a degree lower than the ,emperour in such maner of seges as the ,emperour sitteth1 and by him sitteth other lordes of his kyn1 eche one lower than other as they are of degree4 ,and the ,emperour hath his table by himselfe alone that is made of golde and precious stones1 or of white ,crystal or yelowe1 bordred with golde1 and eche one of his wyves hath a table by hirselfe4 ,and under the ,emperours table sitteth foure clerkes at his feete that wryteth all that the ,emperour sayth be it good or ylle4 ,and at great feastes about the ,emperours table1 and all other tables in the hall is a vine made of gold that goeth all about the hall1 and it hath many braunches of grapes lyke to grapes of the vine1 some are white1 some are yelowe1 some red1 some grene1 and some blacke1 all the red are of rubies of cremes#f or allabonce1 the white are of cristall or byrall1#g the yelowe are of topaces1 the grene are of ,emeraudes ,crysolytes1 and the blacke are of ,quickes and ,gerandes1 this vyne is made thus of precious stones so properly that it seemeth that it were a vyne growinge4 ,and before the borde of the ,emperour standeth great lordes and no man is so hardy to speke unto hym1 except it be musicians for to solace the ,emperour4 ,and all the vessell that is served in his hall or chambres1 are of precious stones and namely at tables where great lordes eate1 that is to say1 of ,jasper1 crystall1 amatyst1 or fyne golde1 and the cuppes are of ,emeraudes1 saphyres1 topaces1 and many other maner of stones2 and 7of7 silver haue they no vessell1 for they praise silver but little to make vessell of1 but they make of silver greces1 pylers paviments of halles chambres4 ,and ye shall understande that my felaw ,i were in wages with him xvi moneths against the ,kinge of ,mancy1#h uppon whome he made warre1 and the cause was we had so great desire to see the nobilitye of his court1 if it were suche as we heard speake of1 and forsoth we founde it more richer solempne than ever we harde speake of1 and we should neuer haue beleved it1 had we not seene it4 ,but ye shall understande the meat and drinke is more honest among us than it is in those countreys1 for all the comons eate upon skines of beastes on theyr knees and eate but fleshe of all maner of beastes1 when they haue all eate they wipe theyr handes on their skirtes they eate but once in the day eate but little bread but the maner of the lordes is full noble and richly4 ,footnote #a3 ,others call it ,sugarmago or ,eugarmago4 ,footnote #b3 ,pynson says seven4 ,footnote #c3 ,this is a curious term1 which can scarcely be translated4 ,a ,french edition has ,mountaynette1 which ,cotgrave says is a little mountain4 ,a ,latin edition says ,ascensorium4 ,footnote #d3 ,serpents4 ,footnote #e3 ,representation4 ,footnote #f3 ,i have up to the present failed in finding equivalents for these two words1 also for ,quickes 7spelt in ,pynson ,onichez1 which may probably mean onyxes17 and ,gerandes4 ,this latter word is spelt in one ,,ms4 ,garantez1 and may mean garnet4 ,cotgrave gives ,alabandique1 a kinde of blacke stone mingled with purple4 ,footnote #g3 ,beryl4 ,footnote #h3 ,marco ,polo gives a graphic description of the invasion and subjection of ,manzi1 or ,southern ,china1 in the year #abfh1 by ,kublai's great general ,bayan 7great or noble7 ,hundred eyes4 ,if1 therefore1 there is any truth in ,mandeville1 he and his felaw may have helped to put down an insurrection in the kingdom of ,manzi4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,lxviii4 ,wherefore that the ,emperour of ,cathay is called the great ,caane4 ,,and ye shall understande why he is called ye great ,caane1 ye knowe yt all the worlde was destroied with ,noes floud but ,noe his wife children4 ,noe had three sons1 ,sem1 ,cham ,japhet4 ,cham when he saw his father naked when he slept1 scorned him therefore he was cursed and ,japhet covered him againe4 ,these three brethrene hadde all the land4 ,cham toke the best parte eastward that is called ,asia4 ,sem toke ,afryke and ,japhet toke ,europe4 ,cham was the mightiest and richest of his bretherne and of him are come the ,paynim folke divers maner of men of the yles1 some headlesse1 and other men disfigured1 and for this ,cham the ,emperour there called him ,cham and ,lord of all4 ,but ye shall understande that the ,emperour of ,cathay is called ,caane1 and not ,cham1 for this cause1 it is not long ago that all ,tartary was in subjection and thrall to other nations about1 and they were made herdemen to kepe beastes1 and among them was vii linages#a or kindes1 the firste was called ,tartary that is the best1 the second linage is called ,tamghot1#b the third ,furace1#c the fourth ,valaire1 the fifth ,semoth1#d the sixth ,menchy1#e the seventh ,sobeth4#f ,these are all holding of the great ,caane of ,cathay4 ,now it befell so that the first linage was an olde man hee was not ryche and men called him ,chanius4 ,this man lay and slept on a nighte in his bedde1 and there came to him a knighte1 all white1 sitting uppon a white hors1 and sayde to him1 ,caane slepeste thou8 ,god that is almighty sent me to thee1 it is his will that thou saye to the vii linages yt thou shalt be theyr ,emperour1 for ye shall conquere all the lande about you1 and they shall be in your subjection as you have bene in theirs4 ,and when morow came he rose up and sayde it to the vii linages1 and they scorned him and sayde he was a fole1 and the next night the same knighte came to the vii linages and bad them of gods behalfe to make ,chanius their ,emperour1 and they shold be out of all subjection4 ,and on the morow they chose ,chanius to be ,emperour1 and dyd him all worship that they might do1 called him ,caane as the white knighte called him1 and they sayde they would doe as he badde them4 ,then he made many statutes and lawes1 the which he called ,ysakan4#g ,the firste statute was1 that they shoulde be obedient to ,god almyghtie1 and beleve that he should deliver them out of thraldome1 and that they shoulde call on him in all their workes4 ,another statute was1 yt all men that might beare armes shoulde be nombred1 and to eche x shoulde be a master1 and to a hundred a master1 and to a thousand a master4 ,then he commaunded to all the greatest and principallest of the vii linages1 that they should forsake all that they had in heritage or lordship1 and that they should hold them payed of that he wold give them of his grace1 and they did so4 ,and also he bad them yt eche man should bringe his eldest sonne before him1 and sleay his owne sonne with his owne handes1 and smyte of their heads1 and as sone they did his bidding4 ,and when he saw they made no letting#h of what he bad them1 then bad he them folow his baner1 and then he put in subjection all the landes about him4 ,footnote #a3 ,people or tribes4 ,footnote #b3 ,tangut1 or ,tanght1 is the name given to certain tribes of ,thibetan extraction1 who lived on the north-west frontier of ,china4 ,footnote #c3 ,called variously ,eurache1 ,semoche1 ,megly and ,coboghe1 whose relative positions can scarcely now be defined accurately4 ,footnote #d3 ,as ,footnote #c4 ,footnote #e3 ,as ,footnote #c4 ,footnote #f3 ,as ,footnote #c4 ,footnote #g3 ,others write it ,ysya-,chan4 ,footnote #h3 ,hindrance4 ,,cap4 ,,lxix4 ,how the great ,caane was hid under a tree1 and so escaped his enimies bicause of a byrd4 ,,and it befell on a day that the ,caane rode with a fewe men to see the lande that he had wonne1 and he met with a greate multitude of his enimies and there he was caste downe of his horse1 and his horse slayne1 and when his men saw him at ye earth#a they went#b he had been deade1 and fledde1 the ennimies folowed after1 and when he sawe his ennimies were fer1#c he hid him in a bushe1 for the wod was thicke there1 and when they were come againe from the chace1 they went to seke among the wood if any were hid there1 and they founde many1 and as they came to the place where he was1 they saw a birde sitte uppon a tree1 the which byrd men call an ,oule1 and then sayd they1 that there was no man1 for the birde sat there1 and so went they away1 and thus was the ,caane saved from death1 so he went awaye on a night to his owne men1 which were glad of his comming1 and from that time hitherwardes men of that countrey haue that byrde in great reverence1 and for that cause they worship that byrd aboue all other birds of the worlde4 ,and incontinent he assembled all his men1 rode uppon his enimies and destroyed them1 and when he had won all the landes that were aboute him1 he helde them in subjection4 ,and when the ,caane had won all the lordes to mounte ,belyan1 the white knighte came to him in a vision againe1 and said unto him1 ,caan the will of ,god is1 that thou passe the mounte ,belyan1 and thou shalt win many landes1 and for thou shalt find no passage1 go thou to mount ,belian that is upon the sea side and knele ix times thereon against the east in the worship of ,god1 he shall shew thee a way how thou shalt passe1 and ,caan did so1 anon the sea that touched the hil1 withdrew him1 shewed him a faire way of ix foote brode betwene the hill and the sea1 so he passed right wel with al his men1 then he wan the land of ,cathay that is the best land and the greatest of all the worlde1 and for those ix knelings and the ix foote of way1 ,caane and the men of ,tartary have the number of ix in great worship4 ,footnote #a3 ,on the ground4 ,footnote #b3 ,weened--supposed1 imagined4 ,footnote #c3 ,far away4 ,,cap4 ,,lxx4 ,of the great ,caanes letters and the wryting about his seale4 ,,now when he had wonne the lande of ,cathay he dyed1 and then raigned after ,cythoco#a the eldest sonne of ,caane1 his other brothers went to winne them landes in other countreys1 and they wan the land of ,pruisse1 and of ,russy they dyd cal themselfe ,caane1 but he of ,cathay is the greatest lorde of all the worlde and so he called him in his letters and sayth thus1 ,caane filius dei excelsi1 universam terram coulentium summus imperator1 dominus dominantium ,that is to say1 ,caane ,gods son1 ,emperour of all those that tyll all the lande1 and ,lorde of all lordes4 ,and the writing about his great seale is1 ,deus in celo ,caane super terram ejus fortitudo omnium hominum imperatoris sigillum ,that is to say1 ,god in heaven1 ,caan uppon earth1 his strength the seale of the ,emperor of all men4 ,and the wryting about his privy seale is1 ,dei fortitudo omnium hominum imperatoris sigillum ,that is to say1 ,the strength of ,god1 seale of the ,emperour of all men4 ,and if it be so that they be not christen1 yet the ,emperour and the ,tartarins beleve in ,god ,almightie4 ,footnote #a3 ,in other editions ,ecchecha4 ,in reality1 ,ok-lar-,khan1 who succeeded his father in #abbi1 and reigned over the ,tartars till #abda4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxi4 ,of the governaunce of the countrey of the great ,caane4 ,,now haue ,i tolde you why he is called the great ,caane1 now shall ,i tell you of the governinge of his courte when they make great feastes1 and he kepeth foure principall feastes in the yeare1 the fyrste of his byrth1 the seconde when he is borne to the ,temple to be circumcised1 the third is of his ydoles when they begin to speake1 and the fourth when the ydole beginneth fyrst to do myracles1 at those tymes he hath men well arayed by thousands and by hundreds and eche one wote well what he shal do4 ,for there is fyrst ordeined #djjj rich barons and mighty for to ordeine the feast to serve the ,emperour all these barons haue crowns of gold well dight with precious stones and pearles1 and they are clad in clothes of golde camathas#a as richly as they may bee made they may well have suche clothes for they are there of lesse pryce than wollen cloth is here4 ,and these foure thousande barons are departed in foure parties1 eche company is clad in diverse colour ryght richely1 and when the first thousand is passed and hath shewed them1 then come the seconde thousande1 and then the thirde thousande then the fourth1 and none of them speketh a word4 ,and on the one side of the ,emperours table sitteth many phylosophers of many sciences1 some of ,astronomie1 ,nygromancie#b1 ,geometry1 ,pyromacy1#c many other sciences1 and some haue before them ,astrolabes#d of golde or of precious stones full of sande or of coles brenning1 some haue horologes#e well dight and richly1 and many other instruments after their sciences4 ,and at a certaine houre when they see time1 they say to men that stand before them1 make peace1 and then saye those men with a loude voyce to all the hall1 now be styll awhile1 and then saith one of the philosophers1 eche man make reverence and encline to the ,emperour1 that is ,gods sonne1 and lorde of the worlde1 for now is time and houre1 and then all men enclyne to him1 and knele on the earth1 and then the ,phylosopher biddeth them rise up againe4 ,and at another houre another philosopher biddeth them put their fingers in theyr eares and they do so1 and at another houre another philosopher biddeth that all men shall laye their hande on their heads1 and they do so1 and then he biddeth them take them away and they doe so1 and thus from houre to houre they bid divers thinges4 ,and ,i asked privily what it shoulde meane and one of the masters said that the enclining and the kneling on the earth at that time hath this token1 that all those men that kneled so shall evermore be true to the ,emperour1 that for no gift nor thretning they shal never be traitours nor false to him and the putting of the finger in the eare hath this token1 that none of those shall here any yll spoken of the ,emperour or his counsayll4 ,and ye shall understande that men dight nothing1 as clothes1 bread1 drinke nor no such things to the ,emperour but at certaine hours that the ,philosophers tell1 and if any man reyse war against the ,emperour in what countrey so ever it bee these ,philosophers know it sone1 tell ye ,emperour or his counsail and he sendeth men thether1 for he hath many men4 ,also he hath many men that kepeth birdes1 as gerfaukons#f1 sperhaukes1#g faucons1#h gentils1#i lavers1 sacres1#aj popyniaye#aa that can speake1 and many other1 ten thousande olyphants1 baboynes1 marmosets and other and he hath ever aboute him many ,physicions more than two hundred that are ,christen men xx sarasyns1 but yet he trusteth more to ,christen men than in ,sarasyns4 ,and there is in that countrey many ,sarasins and other ,servaunts that are ,christen and converted to the faith1 through preching of good ,christen men that dwel there1 but there are many that will not that men#ab wete that they are ,christen4 ,footnote #a3 ,a rich silken or thread stuff4 ,footnote #b3 ,necromancy1 or foretelling events by pretended communion with the dead4 ,footnote #c3 ,divination by fire4 ,footnote #d3 ,an astronomical instrument4 ,footnote #e3 ,timepieces4 ,footnote #f3 ,girfalcons4 ,footnote #g3 ,sparrowhawks4 ,footnote #h3 ,falcons4 ,footnote #i3 ,gentles4 ,footnote #aj3 ,sakers or ,peregrine hawks4 ,footnote #aa3 ,parrots4 ,footnote #ab3 ,will not let men know4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxii4 ,of the great ryches of the ,emperour and of his dispending4 ,,this ,emperour is a great lorde1 for he may dispend what he will without nombre1 bicause he spendeth nother sylver nor golde maketh no money but of lether or skynnes1 and this same money goeth through all his lande1 and of the sylver gold buylded he his palaces4 ,and he hath in his chambre a piller of golde in the which is a ,ruby1 and carbuncle of a foote#a long1 the which lighteth all his chambre by night he hath many other precious stones rubies1 but this is the most4#b ,this ,emperour dwelleth in the sommer towardes the ,north in a citie that men call ,saydus and there it is colde enoughe1 and in the winter he dwelleth in a citie that men call ,camalach1 and there it is right hot1 but for the most part is he at ,cadon1 that is not farre thence4 ,footnote #a3 ,others say half a foot4 ,there were always rumours in the ,east of wonderful rubies1 especially one belonging to the ,king of ,ceylon1 which ,kublai ,khan is reported to have coveted1 and wished to purchase4 ,footnote #b3 ,the greatest4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxiii4 ,of the ordynaunce of the lordes of the ,emperour when he rideth from one countrey to another to warre4 ,,and when this great ,caane shall ryde from one countrey to another they ordeyne foure hostes of people1 of which the fyrst goeth before a daies journey2 for that hoste lyeth at even where the ,emperour shall lye on the morow1 and there is plenty of vitailes4 ,and another host commeth at the right side of hym and an other at the left side1 and in eche hoste is muche folke4 ,and then commeth the fourth hoste behind hym a bowe draught1 and there is more men in that than in any of the other4 ,and ye shall understande that the ,emperour rideth on no horse1 but when hee will go to any seacrete place with a privy meyny#a where he will not be knowne1 but he rideth in a chariot with four wheles there uppon is a chamber made of a tree that men call ,lignum aloes that commeth out of ,paradise terrestre1 that chamber is covered with plates of fyne gold1 and precious stones and perles1 and foure ,olyfants foure ,oxen all white go therein1 and five or sixe great lordes ride about him1 so that none other men shal come nigh him1 except the ,emperour call any1 and in the same manner with a chariot such hostes rideth the ,empres by another side1 and the ,emperours eldest sonne in that same aray1 and they haue so much people that it is a great marvaile for to see4 ,footnote #a3 ,private retinue4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxiiii4 ,how the empyre of the great ,caane is departed#a into xii provinces how that they do cast ensence in the fyre where the great ,caane passeth through the cities townes in worship of the ,emperour4 ,,the land of the great ,caane is departed in xii provinces1 and euery province hath more than two thousande cities and townes4 ,and when the ,emperour rideth through the countrey1 he passeth through cities townes1 eche man maketh a fyre before his house1 caste therein ensence other things that giue good smell to the ,emperour4 ,and if any man of relygion that are ,christen men dwel nere as the ,emperour cometh they mete him with procession1 with crosse and holye water1 and they singe1 ,veni creator spiritus with a loude voyce1 and when he seeth them comming he commaundeth the lordes that they ride nere to him to make way that the religious men may come to him1 and when he seeth the crosse1 he doeth#b of his hat that is made of precious stones and greate perles1 that hat is so riche that it is marvaile to tel1 and then he enclineth to the crosse1 the prelate of the religious men sayth orisons before him and giveth him the benison#c with the crosse1 and he enclineth to the benison ful devoutly1 and then the prelate giveth him some fruite to the number of ix in a platter of gold1#d peares or apples or other fruite1 then the ,emperour taketh one thereof and the other he giveth to his lordes1 for the maner is such there1 that no strange man shall come before the ,emperour but he giue him somewhat1 after the olde law that sayth1 ,non accedat in conspectu meo manis#e ,that is to say1 ,no man come into my sight idle4 ,and then ye ,emperour biddeth these religious men that they shall goe forth1 so that the men of his hoste defyle them not1 and those relygious men that dwell where the ,empresse or the ,emperours sonne cometh1 they do in the same maner4 ,footnote #a3 ,partitioned4 ,footnote #b3 ,taketh off4 ,footnote #c3 ,blessing4 ,footnote #d3 ,others say silver4 ,footnote #e3 ,misprint for vacuus1 empty-handed4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxv4 ,how the great ,caan is the mightiest lord of all the worlde4 ,,this great ,caane is the myghtiest lorde of the worlde1 for prester#a ,john is not so great a lorde as he1 nor the ,sowdan of ,babilon1 ne ye ,emperour of ,percy4 ,in this lande a man hath a hundred wives some xi1#b some more some lesse1 they take of their kin to wives1 all saue their sisters1 their mothers daughters and they take also wel theyr stepmother if their father be dead1 and men women haue all one maner of clothing1 so that they may not bee knowne1 but yt women that are wedded beare a token on theyr heads1 they dwell not with their housbandes1 but he may lye by which he will4 ,they have plenty of all maner of beastes save swine1 and forsoth they wyll 7have7 none1 and they beleve well in ,god that made all thing1 yet have they ydoles of golde and sylver1 and to those ,idols they offer theyr fyrst mylke of beastes4 ,footnote #a3 ,in the #abth and #acth centuries there was a firm belief that ruling over a vast population in the far ,east was a most wealthy and powerful monarch of that name1 who claimed to be descended from one of the three kings who adored the infant ,christ4 ,footnote #b3 ,others say #fj4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxvi4 ,of other maners of this countrey4 ,,this ,emperour the great ,caane hath three wives1 and the principall wife was ,prester ,johns daughter4 ,and the people of this countrey begin to doe all theyr thinges in the newe ,moone1 and they worshippe muche the ,sonne and the ,moone1 those men ryde commonly without spoores1 they holde it a great sinne to breake one bone#a with another1 and to spyll mylke on the grounde1 or any other lycour yt men may drinke4#b ,and when they haue eaten they wipe their handes uppon theyr skyrts1 for they haue no table clothes except it be right great lordes1 and when they haue all eaten they put their dishes or platters not washed in the pot or cauldron with flesh that is left when they haue eaten1 until they will eate another time1 rich men drink milke of mares1 of asses1 or other beastes1 and other beverage that is made of milke and water togither1 for they haue neither beere nor wine4 ,and when they go to warre1 they warre full wysely1 and eche man of them bereth two or three bowes and many arowes and a great hatchet1 gentilmen haue short swords1#c and he that flyeth in batayle they sleay him1 they are ever in purpose to bring all the land in subjection to them1 for they say prophecies say that they shall be overcome by shot of archers1 and that they shall turne them to their law1 but they wot not what men they shall be1 and it is great peril to pursue the ,tartaries when they flee1 for they will shoot behinde and slea men as well as before1 and they have small eyen#d as little birdes1 and they are commonly false for they holde not their promise4 ,and when a man shal die among them1 they stick a speare in the earth beside him1 and when he draweth to the death1 they go out of the house till he dead1 and then they put him in the earth in the fielde4 ,footnote #a3 ,a bone4 ,footnote #b3 ,a passage is here omitted4 ,footnote #c3 ,other editions say spears4 ,footnote #d3 ,eyes4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxvii4 ,how the ,emperour is brought unto his grave when he is dead4 ,,and when the ,emperour is dead1 they set him into a carte#a in the middes of his tente1 and they set before him a table covered with a cloth1 there upon they set flesh and other meat a cup full of milke of a mare1 and they set a mare with a colte by him1 a horse sadled bridled1 and they lay upon the horse golde silver1 and all about him they make a greate grave1 and with all the things they put him therein1 as the tente1 hors1 golde silver1 and all that is aboute him they say1 when he cometh in to another worlde he shall not be without an house1 nor hors1 ne silver nor gold1 and the mare shall give him milke bringe forth more horses till he be well stored in the other worlde1 one of his chamberlaines or servants is put with him in the earth for to doe him service in the other worlde1 for they belieue that when hee is dead he shall go to another world1 and be a greater lord there than here2 when that he is laid in the earth no man shal be so hardy#b for to speake of him before his frendes4 ,footnote #a3 ,other editions say a chair4 ,footnote #b3 ,i4e41 his name is never mentioned4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxviii4 ,when the ,emperour is dead how they chose and make an other4 ,,and then when the ,emperour is dead the seaven linages gather them togither1 and they touch his son or the next of his blood1 they say thus1 ,we wyll1 and we ordeyne1 and we pray thee that thou wilt be our lord ,emperour1 and he enquireth of them and sayth1 if ye will that ,i raigne upon you1 then must ye doe all that ,i bidde you to doe4 ,and if he bid that any shal be slaine1 he shal be slaine1 they aunswere all with one voyce1 yt ye bid shall be done4 ,then saith ye ,emperour1 fro henceforth1 my word shal cut as my sword1 and then they set him in a chaire1 crowne him1 then all the good townes thereabout send to him presents1 so much that he shall haue more than a ,c ,camelles#a laden with gold and silver1 beside other ,jewels yt he shall haue of lords1 of precious stones gold without number horse1 riche clothes of ,camacas#b and ,tarins1#c such other4 ,footnote #a3 ,other editions say #fj chariots4 ,footnote #b3 ,see footnote1 ante1 p4 #afh4 ,footnote #c3 ,tartarins1 a kind of silken fabric4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxix4 ,what countreys and kingdomes lye next to the land of ,cathay and the frontes thereof4 ,,this lande of ,cathay is in ,asia the depe1#a and this same lande marcheth toward the west upon the kingdome of ,sercy1#b the which was sometyme to one of the three kings that went to seke our ,lord in ,bethlem and all those that come of his kin are christen men4 ,these men of ,tartary drinke no wine4 ,in ye land of ,corosaym1#c yt is at the north side of ,cathay is right great plenty of goods1 but no wine1 the which hath at the east side a great wildernesse1 that lasteth more than an hundred journeys1 and the best citie of that land is called ,corasaym1 after the name of that citie is the lande called after1 and men of this lande are good warriors and hardy1 and thereby is the ,kingedome of ,comayne1 this is the most the greatest kingedome of the world1 but it is not all inhabited1 for in one place of the lande is so great cold1 that no man may dwel ther for colde1 and in an other place is so great heat1 that no man may dwell there1 there are so many faithes#d that a man wot not on what side hee may turne him1 in this lande are fewe trees bering fruite4 ,in thys lande men ly in tentes1 and they burne donge#e of beastes for defaut of wood4 ,this lande descendeth toward ,pruse ,rossy through this land runneth the river ,echell1#f that is one of the greatest rivers in ye world it is frosen so hard euery yeare that men fight thereupon in great battayles on horse and footemen more than a ,c4,m#g at once4 ,and a lyttle from ye river is the great sea of ,occyan1 that they cal ,maure#h and betwene this ,maure ,caspy#i is a full straight passage to go towarde ,inde and therefore ,king ,alexander did make there a citie yt men call ,alexander1 for to kepe that passage1 so that no man may passe but if he haue leave1 now is that citie called ,port de fear1#aj and the principall citie of ,comayne is called ,sarachis1#aa this is one of the thre ways to go to ,inde1 but through this way may not many men go but if it be in winter1 this passage is called ,berbent4#ab ,and another way is to go from ye land of ,turkescon#ac through ,percy1 in this way are many journeys in wildernesse4 ,and ye third way is that cometh from ,cosmane goeth through ye great citie through ye ,kingedome of ,abachare4#ad ,and ye shall understand yt all these kingedomes lords unto ,percy are holden of ye great ,caan many other therefore he is a great lorde of men of lande4 ,footnote #a3 ,lower ,asia4 ,footnote #b3 ,others write it ,tharse4 ,footnote #c3 8 ,khorassan4 ,footnote #d3 ,a misprint for flies4 ,footnote #e3 ,the usual fuel in an unwooded ,asiatic country4 ,footnote #f3 ,volga4 ,footnote #g3 ,others say #bjj1jjj4 ,footnote #h3 ,the ,black ,sea4 ,footnote #i3 ,the ,caspian ,sea4 ,footnote #aj3 ,port de ,fer1 or ,iron ,gate4 ,other editions have it ,gate of ,hell4 ,footnote #aa3 ,sarai1 or ,sara1 on the ,volga4 ,chaucer1 in ,cambuscan1 speaks of it thus3-- ,at ,sarra in the ,londe of ,tartarie ,there dwelt a ,king that werrid ,russie4 ,footnote #ab3 ,the ,pass of ,derbend1 still called in ,turkish ,demir ,kapi1 or the ,iron ,gate4 ,footnote #ac3 ,turkestan4 ,footnote #ad3 ,variously written ,abcaz or ,abkhas4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxx4 ,of other wayes comming from ,cathay toward the ,grekes sea also of the emperour of ,percy4 ,,now ,i haue devysed you the landes towardes the ,north1 to come from the lands of ,cathay to the lands of ,pruse ,rossy where ,christen men dwel4 ,now shall ,i devise unto you other lands kingdoms1 in comming down from ,cathay to the ,grekes sea wher ,christen men dwell1 and for as muche as next the great ,caane of ,cathay the ,emperour of ,percy is the greatest lorde1 therefore ,i shall speake of him1 ye shall understande that he hath two kingdomes1 the one beginneth eastward and it is the kingdome of ,turkescon it lasteth westward to the sea of ,caspy southward to the lande of ,inde4 ,this lande is good playne and well manned1#a with good cities but two most principal1 ye which are called ,bacirida ,sormagaunt4#b ,the other is the kingedome of ,percy1 and lasteth from the river of ,phison#c unto great ,armony1#d northward unto the sea of ,caspy southward to the land of ,inde this is a full plenteous countrey and good4 ,in this lande are three principall cities ,nessabor1 ,saphan1 ,sermesse4#e ,footnote #a3 ,peopled4 ,footnote #b3 ,bokhara and ,samarcand4 ,footnote #c3 ,pison4 ,footnote #d3 ,armenia ,footnote #e3 ,otherwise spelt ,messabor1 ,caphon1 and ,sarmassane4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxxi4 ,of the lande of ,armony1 which is a good land of the lande of ,middy4#a ,,then is the lande of ,armony1 in the which was sometime three kingdomes1 this is a good land and a plentious1 it beginneth at ,percy1 lasteth westward to ,turkey of length1 and in breadth lasteth from the citie of ,alexander 7that is now called ,port de fear7 unto the lande of ,myddy4 ,in this ,armony are many fayre cities1 but ,cauryssy#b is most of name4 ,then is the land of ,myddy1 and it is full long and not brode beginneth eastward at the land of ,percy1 ,inde the lesse1 and lasteth westward to the kingdome of ,calde1#c northward to little ,armony4 ,in this ,myddy are many great hyls1 little 7of7 plaines ther dwel ,sarasins other maner of men1 that men call ,cordines4#d ,footnote #a3 ,media4 ,footnote #b3 ,other editions have it ,taurizo--in all probability the modern ,tabriz is meant4 ,footnote #c3 ,chalda4 ,footnote #d3 ,kurds4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxxii4 ,of the ,kingdome of ,george ,abcan1 and many marvayles4 ,,then next is the kingdome of ,george1#a that beginneth eastward at a great hil that men call ,abiorz1#b this land lasteth to ,turkey to the great sea1 to the land of ,myddy1 and great ,armony in this land are two kynges1 one of ,abcan1 and another of ,george but he of ,george is in subjection of the great ,caane1 but he of ,abcan hath a strong countrey1 and defendeth him well against his enimies1 in this land of ,abcan is a great marvaile1 for there is a countrey in this land that is nere ,,iii dayes long and about1 is called ,hanison1 and that countrey is all covered with darknesse1 so that it hath no light that no man may see there1 and no man dare go into that countrey for darkenes4 ,and neverthelesse men of that countrey thereby say that they may sometime heare therein the voyce of man and horse crying1 and cocks crow1 and they know wel that men dwel there1 but they know not what maner of men1 and they saye this darknesse came through miracle of ,god that he dyd for ,christen men there4 ,for there was a wicked ,emperour yt was of ,poy#c was called ,saures1 he pursued sometime all ,christen men to destroy them1 and did make them do sacrifice to their false gods1 in that countrey dwelled many ,christen men ye which left al their goods catel1 and riches1 and wold go to ,grece1 and when they were all in a great plain yt is called ,megon the ,emperour and his men came to sley the ,christen men1 then the christen men kneled down prayed to ,god1 and anon came a thick cloude and covered the ,emperour and al his host1 so that he might not go away1 and so dweled they in darkness1 and they neuer came out after1 and ye ,christen men went there as they would1 and therefore they might say thus1 ,a domino factum est istud1 est mirabile in oculis nostris1 that is to say1 of our ,lord is this done1 it is wonderful in our eyes4 ,out of this lande cometh a river yt men may se by good tokens yt men dwel therein4 ,footnote #a3 ,georgia4 ,footnote #b3 ,probably ,mount ,elburz1 one of the ,caucasian range4 ,footnote #c3 ,misprint for ,persia4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxxiii4 ,of the land of the land of ,turky divers other countreys and of the land of ,mesopotamy4 ,,then next is the land of ,turky1 that marcheth to ,great ,armony and therein are many countreys as ,capadoce1 ,saure1#a ,bryke1 ,quecion1 ,patan ,genethe1 in eche one of the countreys are many good cities1 and it is a plaine land1 few hills and few rivers1 and then is the kingdome of ,mesopotamy that beginneth eastwarde at flom of ,tygre#b at a citie that men call ,mosell1#c and it lasteth westwarde to the flom of ,euphraten1 to a citie that men call ,rochaym#d westwarde from high ,armony unto the wildernesse of ,inde the lesse1 and it is a good land and playne1 but there is few rivers1 and there is but two hils in that lande1 the one is called ,simar1 and the other ,lison1 it marcheth unto the lande of ,caldee1 and ye shall understande that the land of ,ethyope marcheth eastward to the great wildernesse westwarde to the land of ,nuby1#e southwarde to the lande of ,maratan#f and northward to the redde sea then is the ,maritan that lasteth from the hilles of ,ethiope unto ,liby1#g the high1 and the low that lasteth to the great sea of ,spayne4#h ,footnote #a3 ,otherwise written ,brique1 ,quesiton1 ,pytan1 and ,cemethe4 ,footnote #b3 ,the river ,tigris4 ,footnote #c3 ,mosul4 ,footnote #d3 ,otherwise ,roiantz4 ,footnote #e3 ,nubia4 ,footnote #f3 ,mauritania4 ,footnote #g3 ,lybia4 ,footnote #h3 ,the ,mediterranean4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxxiiii4 ,of divers countreys kingedomes yles1 and marvayles beyond the land of ,cathay4 ,,now haue ,i sayd and spoken of many things on this side of the great ,kingedome of ,cathay1 of whome many are obeysant#a to the great ,caane4 ,now shall ,i tell of some landes1 countreys yles that are beyond the lande of ,cathay4 ,whoso goeth from ,cathay to ,inde the high and the low1 he shal go through a kingdome that men call ,cadissen#b it is a great lande1 there groweth a maner of fruite as it were gourdes1 when it is ripe men cut it a sonder1 and men fynde therein a beast as it were of fleshe and bone and bloud1 as it were a lyttle lambe without wolle1 and men eate the beast fruite also1 and sure it semeth very strange4 ,neverthelesse ,i sayd to them that ,i held yt for no marvayle1 for ,i sayd that in my countrey are trees yt beare fruit yt become byrds flying1 and they are good to eate1 that that falleth on the water liveth that that falleth on earth dyeth1 they marvailed much thereat4 ,in this countrey many other thereabout are trees that beareth cloves1 nutmigs and canel#c and many other spyces1 there be vines that beare so great grapes that a strong man shall enough to beare a cluster of grapes4 ,in that same lande are the hils of ,caspy that men cal ,uber amonge those hilles are the ,jewes of the x kindes#d enclosed therein1 that men call ,gog ,magog they may not come out on no syde4 ,there were inclosed xxii kynges with theyr folke that dwelled betwene ye hills of ,syche1#e and ,king ,alexander chased them thither among those hilles1 for hee trusting for to haue enclosed them there through the working of men1 but he might not1 and when he saw he might not1 he prayed to ,god that he woulde fulfyll that which hee had begun4 ,god heard his prayer and enclosed the hilles all about them but#f at the one side1 and there is the sea of ,caspy4 ,here some men mighte aske1 there is a sea on one side1 why go they not out there1 for thereto aunswered ,i that all if it be called a sea1 it is not a sea1 but a stange#g standing among hyls1 and it is the greatest stange of all the world1 and all if they went over the sea1 they wot not wher to arive1 for they can no speach#h but their own4 ,and ye shall understand that the ,jewes haue no law#i of their owne in all the world1 but they dwell in those hils1 and yet they pay tribute for their land to the quene of ,armony#aj sometime it is so that some of the ,jewes go over the hils but many men may not passe there togither1 for the hils are so great and high4 ,neverthelesse men say in that countrey therby1 that in the time of ,antechrist they shall doe much harme to ,christen men and therefore all the ,jewes that dwell in diverse partes of the worlde lerne for to speake ,ebrew1 for they hope that the ,jewes that dwel among the hils aforesayde1 shall come out of the hils and speake all ,ebrew and nought else1 then shall these ,jewes speake ,ebrew to them and lede them into ,christendome for to destroye ,christen men4 ,for these ,jewes say they know by their prophecies that those ,jewes yt are among those hils of ,caspy shall come out1 and ,christen men shall be in their subjection1 as they bee under christen men4 ,and if ye wyll know how they shall finde the passage out1 as ,i have understand ,i shall tell you4 ,in the time of ,antechriste a foxe shall make his denne in the same place wher ,king ,alexander dyd make the gates he shall dyg in the earth so long til he pearce it through and come among the ,jewes1 and when they see the ,foxe1 they shall haue great marvaile#aa of him1 for they saw neuer such a beast1 for other beastes have they among them many1 and they shall chase this foxe and pursue him until yt he be fled againe to his hole that he came from1 then shall they dig after him untill they come to ye gates yt ,alexander did make of great stones well dight#ab with siment1 then shall they brake these gates1 and they shall find the issue4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,obedient1 or under the rule of4 ,footnote #b3 ,other editions say ,caldithe4 ,footnote #c3 ,cinnamon4 ,footnote #d3 ,tribes4 ,footnote #e3 ,scythia4 ,footnote #f3 ,except4 ,footnote #g3 ,lake or pool4 ,footnote #h3 ,can only speak their own language4 ,footnote #i3 ,misprint for land4 ,footnote #aj3 ,other editions say ,amazony4 ,footnote #aa3 ,be astonished at him4 ,footnote #ab3 ,well cemented4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxxv4 ,of the land of ,bactry1 and of many ,griffons and other beastes4 ,,from this land men shal go unto the land of ,bactry1#a where are many wicked men fell1#b in that land are trees that beare wol1#c as it were shepe1 of which they make cloth4 ,in this land are ypotains#d that dwel sometime on land1 sometime on water1 and are halfe a man and halfe a horse1 and they eate not but men1 when they may get them4 ,in this land are many gryffons1 more than in other places1 and some say they haue the body before as an ,egle1 and behinde as a ,lyon1 and it is trouth1 for they be made so2 but the ,griffen hath a body greater than viii ,lyons and stall worthier#e than a hundred ,egles4 ,for certainly he wyl beare to his nest flying1 a horse and a man upon his back1 or two ,oxen yoked togither as they go at plowgh1 for he hath longe nayles on hys fete1 as great as it were hornes of ,oxen1#f and of those they make cups there to drynke of1 and of his rybes#g they make bowes to shoote with4 ,footnote #a3 ,bactria4 ,footnote #b3 ,crafty4 ,footnote #c3 ,wool4 ,footnote #d3 ,hippopotamuses4 ,footnote #e3 ,stouter1 braver4 ,footnote #f3 ,the editor of the edition of #ahbg says1 in a footnote1 p4 #cbe3 ,one #d foot long1 in the ,cotton ,library1 has a ,silver ,hoop about the end1 whereon is engraven ,griphi ,unguis1 ,divo ,cuthberto ,dunelmensi sacer4 ,another1 about an ,ell long1 is mentioned by ,dr4 ,greis1 in his ,history of the ,rarities of the ,royal ,society1 p4 #bf2 tho' the ,doctor there supposes it rather the horn of a ,rock ,buck1 or of the ,ibex mas4 ,such was science a little over fifty years since6 ,footnote #g3 ,ribs4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxxvi4 ,of the way for to go to prester ,johns land which is ,emperour of ,inde4 ,,from this lande of ,bactry men goe many dayes ,jorneyes to the lande of ,prester ,john1 that is a great ,emperour of ,inde1 and men call his lande the yle of ,pantoroze4#a ,this ,emperour ,prester ,john holdeth great land1 many good cities1 and good townes1 in his kingedome is many great yles large for this land of ,ynde is departed in yles because of great flods that come out of ,paradise1 and also in the sea are many great yles1 the best citie that is in the yle of ,pantoroze is called ,nile1#b that is a noble citie a rich4 ,prester ,john hath under him many kings and many diverse people1 and his land is good rych1 but not so rich as the land of the great ,caane1 for marchaunts come not so much thyther as they do unto the lande of the greate ,caane1 for it is so long a journey4 ,and also they finde in the yle of ,cathay all thing that they haue nede of1 as spycery1 clothes of gold1 and other riches1 and all if they might haue better cheape in the lande of ,prester ,john than in the land of ,cathay1 and more finer1 neverthelesse they would let#c it1 for the long waye and great perils on the sea1 for there are many places in the sea where are many roches of a stone that is called ,adamand1 the which of its own kinde1 draweth to him all maner of yron1 therefore there may no ships that hath yron nayles passe1 but it draweth them to him1 and therefore they dare not go into that countrey with ships for dread of the ,adamand4 ,i went once into that sea sawe along as it had bene a great yle of trees1 stockes braunches growinge1 and the shipmen told me that those were of great shippes that abode there1 through the vertue of the ,adamandes and of things that were in the ships1 whereof those trees sprong and waxed4 ,and such roches are there many in diverse places of that sea therefore dare there no shypman passe that waye4 ,and another thing also that they dread the long way1 and therefore they go moste to ,cathay1 and that is nerer unto them4 ,and yet it is not so nere1 but then behoveth#d for ,venice or ,gene be in ye sea toward ,cathay xi or xii moneths4 ,the land of ,prester ,john is long1 marchaunts passe thither through the lande of ,persy1 and come unto a citie that men cal ,hermes1#e for a ,philosopher that was called ,hermes founded it1 and they passe an arme of the sea1 come to another citie that men call ,saboth1#f there fynde they all marchaundises1 popiniayes1 as great plentie as larkes#g in our countrey4 ,in this countrey is little wheat or barly1 and therefore they eate ryce mylk and chese1 other fruits4 ,this ,emperour ,prester ,john weddeth commonly the daughter of the greate ,caane1 and the great ,caane his daughter4 ,in the land of ,prester ,john is many divers things1 and many precious stones so great so large that they make of them vessels1 platters1 and cuppes1 and many other things of which it were to long to tell1 but somewhat of his law and of his faith ,i shall tell you4 ,footnote #a3 ,other editions say ,pentexoire4 ,footnote #b3 ,nyse in other copies4 ,footnote #c3 ,would not go that4 ,footnote #d3 ,this must be a misprint1 and the text must read that travellers from ,venice or ,genoa to ,cathay must make a voyage lasting #aa or #ab months4 ,footnote #e3 ,ormuz4 ,footnote #f3 ,other editions say ,colbache4 ,footnote #g3 ,others say geese4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxxvii4 ,of the faith and belyfe of ,prester ,john1 but he hath not all the full beliefe as we haue4 ,,this ,emperour prester ,john is christen a great part of his lande also1 but they haue not all the articles of our fayth1 but they beleve well in the ,father1 the ,sonne1 the ,holy ,ghost1 they are full devout and true to one another1 they make no force of ,catal1#a and he hath under him ,lxxii provinces and countries1 and in eche one is a king1 those kings haue other kinges under them4 ,and in this lande are many marvailes1 for in that lande is the gravely sea1 that is of sande and gravaile and no drop of water1 and ebbeth and floweth with righte great waves as another sea doth1 and it is never standing still1 nor never in rest1 and no man may passe that land beyond it4 ,and al if it so be that there bee no water in the sea1 yet men may finde therein right good fishe1 and of other fashion shape than is in any other seas1 and also they are of full good savour swete1 and good to eat4 ,and three jorneys from that sea are many greate hills1 through which runneth a great floud that cometh from ,paradise1 and it is full of precious stones1 and no drop of water1 and it runneth with great waves into the gravely sea4 ,and this floud runneth three dayes in the weke so fast1 stirreth great stones of the roches with him that make muche noise1 and as sone as they come into the gravely sea1 they are no more sene1 and in those three dayes when it runneth thus1 no man dare come in it1 but the other dayes men go therein where they will4 ,and also beyond that floud towards that wildernesse is a great plaine all sandy and gravely among hills1 in that plain grow trees that at the rising of the ,son ech day begin to grow1 and so grow they to midday1 and beare fruit1 but no man dare eate of that fruite1 for it is a maner of yron1#b and after myddaye it turneth againe to the earth1 so that when the ,sonne goeth downe it is nothinge seene1 and so doeth it every day4 ,and there is in yt wildernesse many wild men with horns on their heads righte hidious1 and they speke not but rout#c as swine in yt countrey are many popiniayes1 yt they call in theyr language 7pistak7 they speke through their own kind as a part as a man1 those that speake well haue long tonges and large on every fote five toes1 but there are som that haue but three toes but those speake nought and very ill4 ,footnote #a3 ,they care not for property4 ,footnote #b3 ,in other editions it is for it is a thing of ,fayrye1 or ,magic4 ,footnote #c3 ,root like hogs4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxxviii4 ,of an other ylande where also dwelleth good people therein1 and is called ,sinople4 ,,then is there an other yland that is called ,synople1 wherein also are good people and true1 full of good faith1 they are much lyke in their living to ye men before sayd1 and they go all naked4 ,into that ,iland came ,king ,alexander1 when he saw their good faith and trouth1 and theyr good belefe1 he said that he wold do them no harme and bad them aske of him riches and nought#a else1 and they shoulde haue it4 ,and they aunswered1 that they had richesse ynough1 when they had meat drinke to sustaine their bodies1 they sayde also that richesse of this world is nought worth1 but if it were so that he might graunt them that they should never dye1 that would they pray him4 ,and ,alexander said that might he not do1 for he was mortal and shold die as they shold4 ,then sayd they1 why art ye so proude woldest win all the world1 and haue it in thy subjection as it were a god hast no terme#b of thy life1 thou will haue all riches of ye world1 the which shall forsake thee or thou forsake it1 thou shalt beare nothing with thee1 but it shal dwel to other1 but as thou were borne naked1 so shalt thou bee done in earth4 ,and ,alexander was greatly astonied of this aunswere1 if it be so that they haue not the articles of our faithe1 neverthelesse ,i beleve that ,god loveth their service to gree1#c as he did of ,job that was a ,paynim1 the which he held for his true servant and many other4 ,i beeleve well that ,god loveth al those that love him and serve him mekely and truely1 and that despise the vaine glory of the world as these men doe1 and as ,job did1 and therefore saide our ,lorde through the mouth of the holy prophet ,isay1#d ,ponam eis multiplices ,leges meas1 ,that is to say1 ,i will put my laws to them in many maners1 the gospell saith thus1 ,alias oves habeo1 que non sunt ex hoc ovili1 ,that is to say ,i haue other shepe that are not of this folde1 and thereto accordeth the vision that saint ,peter saw at ,jaffe how the aungell came from heaven1 brought with him of all maner of beastes1 as serpents and divers foules1 and said to sainct ,peter1 ,take and eat4 ,and sainct ,peter aunswered1 ,i eat never of uncleane beste4 ,and the aungell sayde to him1 ,non dicas inmunda1 que ,deus mundavit4 ,that is to saye1 ,call thou not those things uncleane that ,god hath clened4 ,this was done in token that men sholde not haue many men in despite for their divers lawes1 for we wot never whom ,god loveth whom ,god hateth4 ,footnote #a3 ,misprint for aught1 anything4 ,footnote #b3 ,end1 termination4 ,footnote #c3 ,pleasure1 please ,him4 ,footnote #d3 ,others say ,hosea4 ,,cap4 ,,lxxxix4 ,of two other iles1 the one is called ,pitan where in be little men that eate no meat1 and in that other ile are the men all rough of fethers4 ,,there is another yle that men call ,pitan1 men of this lande till no lande1 for they eate nought and they are smal1 but not so smal as ,pigmes4 ,these men liue with smell of wild aples1#a when they go far out of the countrey1 they beare apples with them1 for anon as they lose that savour of apples they dye1 they are not reasonable but as wyld beastes4 ,and there is another yle where the people are all fethers1#b but the face and the palmes of theyr handes1 these men go as well about the sea as on the lande1 and they eate fleshe fish all raw1 in this yle is a great river that is two mile brode a halfe that men call ,renemar4 ,footnote #a3 ,pliny 7book #g1 cap4 #b7 says3 ,at the very extremity of ,india1 on the eastern side1 near the source of the ,river ,ganges1 there is the nation of the ,astonei1 a people who have no mouths2 their bodies are rough and hairy1 and they cover themselves with a down plucked from the leaves of trees 7probably cotton74 ,these people subsist only by breathing and by the odours which they inhale through the nostrils4 ,they support themselves upon neither meat nor drink3 when they go upon a long journey they only carry with them various oderiferous roots flowers1 and wild apples1 that they may not be without something to smell at4 ,but an odour which is a little more powerful than usual easily destroys them4 ,footnote #b3 ,other editions read1 rough hair4 ,,cap4 ,,xc4 ,of a rich man in ,prester ,johan's lande named ,catolonapes and of his gardeine4 ,,in an yle of ,prester ,johans land yt men call ,miscorach1 there was a rich man yt was called ,catolonapes1 he was ful rich had a fair castel on a hil strong1 he made a wal all about ye hill right strong fayre1 within he had a faire gardeine wherein were many trees bearing all maner of fruits yt he might find1 he had planted therein al maner of herbes of good smel and that bare flowers1 ther wer many faire wels1 by them was made many hals chambers wel dight with gold asure1 he had made there dyverse stories of beastes and birds yt song turned by engin and orbage#a as they had been quick1#b he had in his gardeine al thing that might be to man solace comfort1 he had also in that gardeine maydens within ye age of xv yeare1 ye fairest yt he myght find1 men children of the same age1 they were clothed with clothes of gold1 he sayd that they were aungels and he caused to be made certain hils1#c enclosed them about with precious stones of ,jaspy christal set in gold pearls and other maner of stones1 and he had made a coundute#d under ye earth1 so that when he wold ye walls#e ran somtime with milke1 somtime with wine1 somtime honey1 this place is called ,paradise when any yong bacheler of ye countrey1 knight or sqyer1 cometh to him for solace and disport1 he ledeth him into his paradise sheweth them these things1 as the songs of birds his damosels and wels1 he did strike diverse ,instruments of musyke1 in a high tower that might be sene1 and sayde they were the aungels of ,god1 that place was ,paradise1 that ,god hath graunted to those that beleved1 when hee sayde thus1 ,dabo vobis terram fluentam lac mel4 ,that is to say1 ,i shall giue you land flowing with mylk and hony4 ,and then this rych man dyd#f these men drinke a maner of drinke1 of which they were dronken1 he said to them if they wold dye for his sake when they were dead they shold come to his paradise1 and they should be of the age of those maydens1 and shold dwell alway with them1 and he shold put them in a fayrer paradise where they shold se god in his joy1 and in his majesty then they graunted to do that he wold1 and he bad them go and sleay such a lord1 or a man of the countrey that he was wroth with1 and that they should haue no dread of no man and if they were slaine themselfe for his sake1 he shold put them in his paradise when they were dead4 ,and so went those bachelers to sleay great lordes of the countrey1 were slaine themselfe in hope to haue that ,paradise1 and thus was he avenged of his enimies through his desert1#g and when rich men of the countrey perceived this cautell#h and malice and the will of this ,catolonapes1 they gathered them to gither assayled the castel slew hym destroyed all his goods and his faire places and riches that were in his paradise1 and the place of the wales#i are there yet1 and it is not long ago since it was destroyed4 ,footnote #a3 ,this word is very puzzling4 ,it seems to me that it probably means wheel work1 from ,lat4 orbis1 a circle2 but ,rd4 ,braithwaite1 in his ,arcadian ,princesse1 says3 ,in the lowest border of the garden1 ,i might see a curious orbell1 all of touch1 wherein the ,syracusan tyrants were no lesse artfully portrayed1 than their severall cruelties to life displayed4 ,footnote #b3 ,as if they had been alive4 ,footnote #c3 ,misprint for ,wells4 ,footnote #d3 ,conduit4 ,footnote #e3 ,wells4 ,footnote #f3 ,made4 ,footnote #g3 ,deceit4 ,footnote #h3 ,ill intent1 evil mind4 ,footnote #i3 ,wells4 ,,cap4 ,,xci4 ,of a marvelous vale that is beside the river of ,physon4 ,,and a lyttle from that place1 on the left syde besyde the river of ,physon is a great marvaile4 ,there is a vale betwene two hils1 and that is foure myle longe1 and some men call it the valay enchaunted1 some ye valey of ,divels1 some the valey perylous1#a and in that valey are many tempests a great noyse very hydeous bothe day night sound as it were a noise of ,taburines#b of nakers#c of trumpets as it were a great feast4 ,this valey is all full of devils1 and hath ben alway1 and men say thereby yt it is a enter#d to hell4 ,in this valey is muche golde silver1 wherefore many ,christen men other go thether for covetise of that golde and silver1 but few of them come out againe1 for they are anon strangled with divels4 ,and in the middes of that vale on a roche is a visage1 the head of a fiend bodely1 right hideous and dreadfull to see1 and there is nothing sene but the head to ye shoulders1 but there is no christen men in ye world nor other so hardy but yt he should be greatly afraide to beholde it1 for he beholdeth eche man so sharply felly#e his eyes are so staring so sprinkling#f as fyre he chaungeth so often his countenaunce that no man dare come nere for all the worlde1 and out of his mouth his nose cometh great plenty of fyer of divers colours1 sometime is the fyer so stynking1 that no man may suffer it1 but alway a good christen man1 and one that is stedfast in the fayth may go therein without harme1 if they shrive them well and blesse them with the token of the crosse1 then shall the divels haue no power over them4 ,and ye shall understande that when my felowes ,i were in that valey1 we had full great dought#g if we shold put our bodies in a venture to go through it1 some of my felows agreed therto1 some wold not1 and there were in our company two friers minours of ,lombardy sayd if any of us wold go in1 they wold also1 as they had sayd so1 and upon trust of them we sayd that we wold go1 we dyd sing a masse and were shriven houseled1#h and we went in xiiii men when we came out we were but x#i we wist not whether our felowes were loste there1 or that they turned againe1 but we saw no more of them1 others of our felowes that would not go in with us1 went about another way for to be before us1 and so they were4 ,and we went through the valey and saw there many marvailous things1 gold silver precious stones jewels great plenty1 as we thought1 whether it were so or no1 ,i know not1 for divels are so subtill false1 that they make many times a thinge to seme yt is not1 for to deceive men1 and therefore ,i wold touch nothing for dread of enimies that ,i saw there in many likenesses1 and of dead bodies that ,i saw lye in the valey1 but ,i dare not saye that they were all bodies1 but they were bodies through making of divels4 ,and we were often cast down to the earth by winde1 thunder tempest1 but ,god helped alway1 and so passed we through that valey without peryl or harme thankes be to ,god4 ,footnote #a3 ,perilous4 ,footnote #b3 ,tambourines4 ,footnote #c3 ,a kind of drum1 probably a kettledrum4 ,footnote #d3 ,entrance4 ,footnote #e3 ,evilly4 ,footnote #f3 ,sparkling4 ,footnote #g3 ,doubt4 ,footnote #h3 ,received the ,sacrament4 ,footnote #i3 ,others say #i4 ,,cap4 ,,xcii4 ,of an yland wherein dwell people as great as giants of xxviii or xxx fote of length other things4 ,,and beyond that valey is a great yle1 where people as great as giaunts of xxviii fote long they haue no clothinge but beasts skyns that hang on them1 they eate no bread but flesh raw and they drink milke1 they haue no houses1 they eat gladlyer fleshe of men1 than other1 men saye to us1 that beyond that yle is a yle where are greater giaunts as xlv or ,l fote long1 some sayd ,l cubits long1 but ,i saw not them1 and among those giaunts are great shepe1 as it were young oxen1 and they beare great wolle1 these shepe haue ,i sene many times4 ,an other yle is there northward where are many evill and fell women and they haue precious stones in their eies1 they haue suche kinde yt if they beholde any man with wrath1 they sley them of the beholding as the ,basalysk doeth4#a ,footnote #a3 ,here a passage is omitted4 ,,cap4 ,,xciii4 ,of women which make great sorow as theyr children are borne great joy when they are dead4 ,,an other yle there is1 where women make great sorow when theyr children be borne when they are dead they make great joy and caste them in a great fier and burne them1 and they that loue well theyr husbands1 when they are dead they cast them in a fyer to burn them1 for they say that fyer shall make them clean of all filth vices they shall be cleane in another world1 and the cause why they wepe when their children are borne1 and yt they joye at their death1 they say a child when he is borne cometh into this world to haue travaile1 sorow heavinesse1 when they are dead they go to ,paradise where rivers are of mylke and honey1 there is lyfe joy and plenty of goods without travaile or sorow4 ,in thys yle they make their kings by chosing1 they chose him not for his riches and noblenesse1 but him that is of good conditions and most righteous and trew that judgeth euery man truely1 little much after their trespasse1 and ye king may judge no man to death without counsel of his barons1 that they all assent4 ,and if it so be yt the king do a great trespasse1 as sley a man or such lyke1 he shall dye also1 but he shall not be slaine1 but they shall defend and forbid that no man be so hardy to beare him company1 nor to speake to him1 ne giue him meat nor drinke and thus he shall dye1 for they spare no man yt hath done a trespasse1 for loue1 lordeship riches nor noblenes1 but they do him right after yt he hath deserved4 ,,cap4 ,,xciiii4 ,of an yland where men wed theyr owne daughters kinswomen4 ,,there is another yle where there is great plenty of people they eate neuer flesh of hares1 nor of hens1 nor geese1 yet is there many of them but they eate of all other beastes1 and they drink mylk1 in this countrey they wed theyr owne daughters and other of theyr kyn as them liketh1 and if there be x or xii men in one house1 eche one of theyr wyves shal be comon to other1 at night shal one haue one of ye wives and another night another4 ,and if she haue any chylde1 she may give it to whome she would so that no man knowe if it be his or not4 ,in this land many other places of ,inde1 are many cocodrilles1 that is a maner of a long serpent1 and on nights they dwell on water1 and on dayes they dwell on land and rocks1 and they eat not in winter4 ,these serpents sley men and eate them weping1#a and they haue no tongue4 ,in this countrey and many other1 men caste sede of cotton1 and sow it eche yeare and it groweth as it were small trees1 and they bere cotton4 ,in ,araby is a kynde of beast that some men call ,garsantes1#b that is a fayre beast1 he is hyer than a great courser or a stead#c but his neck is nere xx cubytes long1 and his crop and his taile lyke a hart and he may loke ouer a high house and there is many ,camilions1#d that is a lytle beaste1 he eateth nor drinketh never1 and he chaungeth his colour often1 for sometime he is of one colour sometime of another1 and he may chaunge him into all colours that he will1 saue black and red4 ,there are many wilde swine of many colours and as great as ,oxen1 they are spotted as it were smal fawnes1 and there are lions all white1 and there be other beastes as great steedes that men call ,lauhorans1#e and men call them ,toutes1 and their head is blacke1 and three long hornes in his fronte1 as cutting as sharp swords1 and he chaseth and wil sley ,olifants4 ,and there is many other maner of beastes1 of whom it were to long to write all4 ,illustration ,footnote #a3 ,this curious belief gave rise to the term ,crocodile's tears1 i4e41 hypocritical tears4 ,footnote #b3 ,giraffes4 ,footnote #c3 ,a steed or horse4 ,footnote #d3 ,chameleon4 ,footnote #e3 ,a rhinoceros is here evidently meant4 ,,cap4 ,,xcv4 ,of an ylande wherein dwell full good people and true4 ,,there is another yland good and great1 and plentiouse1 where are good men and true and of godly lyfe after their faith1 all if they be not christen neverthelesse of kinde they are full of good vertues and they fly all vices1 and all sinne and malice1 for they are not envious1 proud1 covetous1 lecherous nor glotenus1 and they do not unto another man but that they wold he did to them1 and they fulfill the x commaundementes and they make no force of ryches nor of having1 they ,swere not1 but they say ye and nay1 for they say he that swereth will deceive his neighbour1 and some men call this yle the yle of ,bragamen1 and some call it the land of faith1 and through it runneth a great river that men call ,thebe1 and generally al men in those iles1 and other iles thereby are truer and rightwiser than in other countreys4 ,in this ile are no theves1 murderers nor beggers4 ,and for as much as they are so true and so good1 there is no tempest nor thunder1 warre1 hunger1 nor tribulation1 and thus it semeth well that ,god loveth them wel1 and he is well payed of theyr dedes1 and they beleve in ,god yt made all thing him they worship and they live so ordinately in meate and drinke that they live right longe1 and many of them dye without sicknesse1 that kinde#a faileth them for age4 ,footnote #a3 ,they only die of old age4 ,,cap4 ,,xcvi4 ,how ,king ,alexander sent his men thither for to winne that lande4 ,,and ,king ,alexander sometime sent his men to win that lande1 and they sent him letters that sayde thus1 ,what behoveth a man to have all the worlde1 that is not content therewithal3 thou shalt fynde nothing at al in us1 why that thou shouldest make warre upon us1 for we haue no ryches nor treasure1 and all the cattell of our countrey are common1 our meates that we eate are our riches1 and instede of gold and silver1 we make our treasure peace concorde of love1 and we have nought but a cloth uppon our bodies1 our wyves are not arrayed rychely to pleasing1 for we holde it a great foly for a man to tryme up his body with costly aparel to make it seme fairer than ,god made it4 ,we haue ben evermore in peace til now yt thou wilt disherite us4 ,we haue a king among us1 not for nede of the law1 nor to judge any man1 for there are no trespassours among us1 but all onely to learne us to be obedient to him so maist you take from us but our good peace4 ,and when ,king ,alexander saw this letter he thought he shold doe to much harme if he troubled them1 and sent to them that they should kepe well theyr good maners1 haue no dread of him4 ,,cap4 ,,xcvii4 ,how the ,emperour ,prester ,john when he goeth to batayle1 he hath three crosses borne before him of fine gold4 ,,this ,emperour ,prester ,john1 when he goeth to batayle1 he hath no baner borne before him1 but he hath borne before him three crosses of fine gold1 those are large great1 and well set with precious stones1 for to kepe eche crosse1 is ordeyned a thousand#a men of armes1 in maner as men kepe a standerde in other countreys1 and he hath men without number when he goeth in any batayle against any other lord4 ,and when he hath no battayle but rydeth with privy company1 then doth he beare before him a crosse of tree#b not painted1 and without gold or precious stones1 and all playne in token that our lord ,jesu ,christ suffered death on a cross of tree4 ,and also he hath borne before him a platter of gold ful of earth1 in token yt lordship and noblenesse shal tourne to nought1 his flesh shall turne to earth4 ,and also he has borne before him another vessell full of ,jewels1 and golde and precious stones1 in token of his noblenes and of his might4 ,footnote #a3 ,others say #aj1jjj4 ,footnote #b3 ,a wooden cross4 ,,cap4 ,,xcviii4 ,of the moste#a dwelling place of ,prester ,john in a citie called ,suse4 ,,and he dwelleth commonly at the citie of ,suse1 there is his principall palaice that is so riche that marvayle is to tell1 about the principall toure of the palaice are two pomels#b of gold all round1 and eche one of those hath two carbuncles great large1 yt shine ryght clere in the night1 and ye principal gates of this palaice are of precious stones that men call ,saraine#c the borders of the barres are of ,ivory1 windowes of the hall and chambers are of ,cristall1 and tables that they eate of1 some ,emerandes1 some are of ,mayk1#d some of golde and precious stones1 and the pillers that beare the tables are of such stones also1 and the greces on the which ye ,emperour goeth to his sege where he sitteth at meat1 one is of ,mastik1#e another of ,cristal1 another of green ,jasphy1#f another of ,diasper1#g another of ,serdin1#h another of ,cornelin1#i another of ,seuton1 that he setteth his fote upon1 is of ,crisolites1 and all these greces are bordered with fine gold1 and well set with great perles and other precious stones1 and ye side of the sege are ,emerauds bordred with gold and with precious stones1 the pillers in his chambre are of fine gold with many ,carbuncles and other such stones that giue great light in the night1 and all if the ,carbuncles giue great light1 neuerthelesse there burneth xii#aj great vessels of ,cristall full of balme to giue good smell1 and to drive away evill ayre4 ,the fourme#aa of his bedde is all of ,saphire well bound with gold to make him slepe well for to destroy lechery1 for he will not lye by his wives but thrise#ab a yeare1 after the seasons1 and all onely for getting of children4 ,and he hath also a fayre palayce in the city of ,nyse where he dwelleth when he wil1 but the aier there is not so well tempered as it is in the citie of ,suse4 ,and he hath euery day in his courte more than xxx thousand men1 besides comers and goers1 but xxx thousand there or in the court of the great ,caane spendeth not so much as xii thousand in our countrey4 ,he hath euermore vii kinges in his court to serve him and eche one of them serveth a moneth1 and with these kinges serue alway ,lxxii ,dukes ,,ccc#ac erles1 and euery day eat in his court xii archbishops and xx byshops4 ,the patryarke of saint ,thomas is as he were a pope and ,archbishops and byshops abbotes1 all are kings in that countrey1 and some of the lordes is master of the hall1 some of the chambre1 some steward1 some marshal1 and other officers1 and therefore he is ful rychley served4 ,and his land lasteth in breadth four moneths journey and it is of length without measure4 ,footnote #a3 ,the greatest4 ,footnote #b3 ,a ball or knot4 ,footnote #c3 8 ,sardonyx4 ,footnote #d3 ,another edition says ,amethysts4 ,footnote #e3 ,another edition says ,onyx4 ,footnote #f3 ,probably ,jasper4 ,footnote #g3 ,another edition says ,amethyst1 but as the whole is so apocryphal it does not much matter4 ,footnote #h3 ,sardine or ,sardonyx4 ,footnote #i3 ,cornelian4 ,what ,seuton is ,i will not even venture to guess at4 ,footnote #aj3 ,another edition says1 a great vessel4 ,footnote #aa3 ,the framework4 ,footnote #ab3 ,others say four times4 ,footnote #ac3 ,elsewhere it is #cfj4 ,,cap4 ,,xcix4 ,of the wildernesse wherein groweth the trees of the sonne the ,moone4 ,,and beyond that river is a great wildernesse as men that haue ben there say4 ,in this ,wildernesse as men saye are the trees of the ,sonne and of the ,mone that spake to ,kyng ,alexander and tolde him of his death1 and men saye that folke that kepe these trees eate of the fruits of them1 they live foure or five hundred yeare through vertue of the fruite1 and we woulde gladly haue gone thyther1 but ,i beleve that an hundred thousand men of armes shold not passe that wildernesse for great plenty of wilde beastes1 as dragons and serpents that sley men when they pass that way4 ,in this lande are many ,oliphantes all white and blew without number1 and unicornes lyons of many maners4#a ,many other yles are in the land of ,prester ,john that were to long to tell1 and much ryches and nobly of precious stones in great plenty4 ,i beleve yt we haue herd say why this ,emperour is called ,prester ,john but for those that know it not ,i wil declare4 ,there was sometime an ,emperour that was a noble prince1 doughty1 he had many christen ,knights with him and ye ,emperour thought hee woulde see the service in ,christen churches1 and then was churches of christendome in ,turkey1 ,surry and ,tartary1 ,hierusalem1 ,palistine1 ,araby and ,alappy1#b and all the lordes#c of ,egypte4 ,and thys ,emperour came with a ,christen ,knight into a church of ,egipt and it was on a saterday after ,whit sonday when the byshop gaue orders1 and he behelde the service and he asked of the ,knight what folke those should be that stode before the ,byshop1 and the ,knight sayd they should be prestes1 he sayde he wold no more be called ,kinge ne ,emperour but preest1 and he would haue the name of him that came first out of the prestes and he was called ,john1 and so haue all the ,emperors sythen#d be called ,prester ,john4 ,in this lande are many ,christen men of good faith good lawe1 and they haue prestes to sing masse1 and they make the sacrements as men of ,grece do1 but they say not but that ye ,apostles said as saint ,peter1 and saint ,thomas1 and other apostles when they song masse and said ,pater noster1 and the wordes with the which ,gods body is sacred2 we haue many addicions of ,popes that haue bene ordeyned of which men in those countreys know not4 ,footnote #a3 ,kinds or sorts4 ,footnote #b3 8 ,aleppo4 ,footnote #c3 ,other editions read land4 ,footnote #d3 ,since then4 ,,cap4 ,c4 ,of a great yland and kingedome called ,taprobane4#a ,,towarde the ,east side of ,prester ,john's lande is an yle that men call ,taprobane1 is right good and fructuous1#b and there is a great ,kyng and a rych1 and he is obedient unto ,prester ,john the ,king is alway made by eleccion4 ,in this yle is ii wynters and two somers1 and they shere#c corne twise in the yere1 all times in the yeare gardeins florysheth4 ,there dwelleth good people and reasonable and many ,christen men among them that are full rich1 and the water betwene the syde of ,prester ,john and this yle is not full depe for men may see the grounde in many places4 ,footnote #a3 ,there seems a difference of opinion whether this island is ,ceylon or ,sumatra4 ,footnote #b3 ,fruitful4 ,footnote #c3 ,reap4 ,,cap4 ,,ci4 ,of two other yles1 one is called ,orel1 the other ,argete where are many gold mines4 ,,there are more eastward two other yles--ye one is called ,orell and the other ,argete of whom all the land is mine of gold silver4 ,in those yles many men se no sters#a clere shining1 but one starre yt is called ,canapos#b and there many men se not ye ,mone but in the last quarter4 ,in that yle is a great hyll of golde that pismyres#c kepe1 they do fine golde from the other that is not fine golde1 and the pismyres are as great as houndes1 so that no man dare come there for dread of pismyres that should assayle them so that men may not worke in that gold nor get thereof but by subtiltie1 and therefore when it is righte hote the pismyres hide them in the earth from undern#d to none of the daye1 and then men of the countrey take ,cameles and dormedaries and other beastes go thither and charge them with gold and go away fast or the pismyres come out of the earth4 ,and other times when it is not so hot yt the pismyres hide them not1 they take mares that haue foles1 and they lay upon these mares two long vessels as it were two small barels and the mouth upwards and drive them thether and holde theyr foles at home1 and when the pismyres se these vessels they spring therein1 for they haue#e of kinde to leue no hole nor pyt open1 and anone they fyl these vessels with golde1 and when men think that the vessels be full they take the foles and bring them as nere as they dare1 and then they whine1 and the mares heare them1 and anone they come to theyr foles and so they take the gold1 for these pismyres will suffer beastes for to go among them1 but no men4 ,footnote #a3 ,stars4 ,footnote #b3 ,canopus1 a star of the first magnitude1 in the rudder of the constellation ,argo4 ,footnote #c3 ,ants4 ,footnote #d3 ,see footnote1 ante1 p4 #abe4 ,footnote #e3 ,for it is their habit4 ,,cap4 ,,cii4 ,of the darke countrey and hils and roches of stone nigh to ,paradise4 ,,beyond the yles of the lande of ,prester ,john and his lordeship of wildernesse to go right ,east1 men shall not finde but hils1 great rocks and other myrke#a lande1 where no man may see a day or night as men of the countrey say1 and this wildernesse and myrke land lasteth to ,paradise terrestre1 where ,adam and ,eve were sette1 but they were there but a lyttle while1 and that is toward the ,east at the beginning of the earth1 but that is not our ,east that we call where the ,son ryseth in those countreys towarde ,paradise1 and then it is midnight in our countrey for the roundnesse of the earth1 for our ,lorde made the earth all rounde in the middest of ye fyrmament4 ,of ,paradise can ,i not speake properly for ,i haue not bene there1 but that ,i haue heard ,i shall tell you4 ,men say that ,paradise terrestre is the highest lande in all the worlde1 and it is so high that it toucheth nere to the cyrcle of the ,mone1 for it is so high yt ,noes floude might not come thereto which covered all the earth about4 ,footnote #a3 ,dark1 murky4 ,,cap4 ,,ciii4 ,a lyttle of ,paradise terrestre4 ,,this ,paradise terrestre is enclosed al about with a wall1 and that wall is all covered with mosse as it semeth1 yt men may see no stone nor nothing else whereof it is1 and in the highest place of ,paradise in the middest of it is a well that casteth out the foure flouds that run through divers landes4 ,the first floud is called ,phison or ,ganges1 and that runneth through ,inde1 in that river are many precious stones and much ,lignum ,aloes gravel of golde4 ,another is called ,nilus or ,gison1 and yt runneth through ,ethiope ,egipt4 ,the third is called ,tigre that runneth through ,assyry ,armony the great4 ,and the fourth is called ,eufrates1 yt runneth through ,armony and ,percy men say that the sweete and fresh waters of ye world take their springing of them4 ,the first river is called ,phison1 that is to say1 gathering of many rivers together faling into one1 and some call it ,ganges1 for a ,king yt was in ,inde that men cal ,gangeras1 for it runneth through his land this river is in some places cleane1 in some places troble1#a in some places hot1 in some places cold4 ,the second river is called ,nilus or ,gison1 for it is ever trouble1 for ,gison is to say troble4 ,the third river is called ,tigris that is to say fast running1 for it runneth faster than any of the other1 so is a beast that men call ,tigris for he runneth fast4 ,the fourth ryver is called ,eufrates yt is to say well bearing1 for there groweth many good things upon that ryver4 ,and ye shall understande that no man living may go unto yt ,paradise1 for by land he may not go for wylde beastes which are in the wyldernesse1 and for hylls and rocks where no man may passe4 ,nor by those ryvers may no man passe1 for they come with so great course and so great waves that no ship may saile against them4 ,many great lordes haue essayed many times to go by those rivers to ,paradise1 but they might not spede in theyr way1 for some dyed for werynesse of rowinge1 some waxt blynde and some defe for noise of the waters1 so no man may passe there but through speciall grace of ,god--for ,i can tell you no more of that place4 ,i shall tell you of that ,i haue seene4 ,footnote #a3 ,troubled or muddy4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,ciiii4 ,how ,prester ,johns land lyeth foote against#a foote to ,englande4 ,,there yles of the land of ,prester ,john1 they are under the earth to us1 other yles are there whoso wold pursue them for to environ the earth whoso had grace of ,god to hold the waye1 he mighte come right to the same countreys that he were come of and come from so go about the earth1 and for that it asketh so long tyme1 also there are so many perils to passe that fewe men assay to go so1 and yet it might be done1 therefore men come from these yles to other yles costing of the lordship of ,prester ,john1 men come in the coming to one yle yt men cal ,cassoy1 that country is nere ,lx journeys long more than ,l of bredth1 that is the best land that is in those countreys saue ,cathay if marchants came thither as commonly as they do to ,cathay1 it would be better than ,cathay1 for it is so thick of cities towns yt when a man goeth out of a citie he seeth another on eche side4 ,there is great plenty of spices and other goods4 ,ye king of this ile is rich mighty he holdeth his land of ye great ,caan for yt is one of ye xii princes#b that the great ,caan hath under him beside his owne lande4 ,footnote #a3 ,antipodes4 ,footnote #b3 ,misprint for provinces4 ,,cap4 ,,cv4 ,of the ,kingedome of ,ryboth4 ,,from this yle men go another kyngdome that is called ,riboth1 and that is also under ye great ,caan4 ,this is a good countrey and plentious of corne1 wine other things1 men of this lande haue no houses but they dwell in tentes made of tree4 ,and the principall citie of the countrey is all blacke made of black stones and white and all the streetes are paved with such stones and in the citie is no man so hardy to spil blood of man ne beast1 for worship of a mawment#a that is worshiped there4 ,in that citie dwelleth the ,pope of their lawe1 that they call ,lopasse1 and he giveth all dignities benefices that fall to ye mawmet4 ,and men of religion and men that haue churches in that countrey are obedient to him as men here to the pope4 ,in this yle they haue a custome through all the countrey that when a mans father is dead they wil do him great worship1 they send after all his friends1 religious priests and many other1 and they beare the body to an hill with great ,joy and myrth1 and whan it is there1 the greatest prelate smiteth of his head1 laieth it upon a great plate of gold1 or silver1 and giveth it to his sonne and his son taketh it to his other friends1 singing and sayinge many orysons1#b and then the prestes and the religious men cut the flesh of#c the body in peces and say orysons1 and the byrds of the countrey come thether1 for they know well the custome1 and they flye about them as they were egles and other birds that eate flesh1 and the priestes cast the pieces unto them1 and they beare it away a little from thence and then they eate it1 and as priestes in our countrey sing for soules subvenite sancti dei and so forth1 so those prestes ther syng with high voyce in their language in this maner wyse4 ,se and beholde how good and gracious a man this was1 that ye aungels of ,god come for to fetch him beare him into ,paradise4 ,and then thinketh ye son of the same man that he is greatly worshipped when birds haue eaten his father1 and where are most plenty of byrds1 there is most worship4 ,and then cometh the sonne home with all his friendes1 and maketh them a great feast1 the sonne maketh cleane his fathers head and giveth them drynke thereof1 the fleshe of the head he cutteth of1 and giveth it to his moste speciall fryends1 some a lyttle1 some a lyttle1 for deynty4 ,and in remembrance of this holy man that the birds haue eaten1 the sonne doth make a cuppe of the scalpe#d thereof drinketh he all his life1 in remembrance of his father4 ,footnote #a3 ,a puppet or doll1 or mammet--an idol--probably so called as a contraction for ,mahomet4 ,footnote #b3 ,prayers4 ,footnote #c3 ,off4 ,footnote #d3 ,skull4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,cvi4 ,of a rych man that is neyther king1 prince1 duke nor erle4 ,,and from this men go ten journeys through the land of the great ,caan1 which is a full good yle a great kingdom the king is ful mighty4 ,and in this yle is a rich man which is no king1 prince1 ,duke nor ,erle1 but he hath eche yere cccc#a thousand horses charged#b with ryce and corne1 and he hath a noble a rich life after the maner of the countrey1 for he hath ,l damosels that serve him every day at his meate bed and do what he wil4 ,and when he sytteth at the table they bring him meat1 at eche time fiue meates togither1 and they sing in the bringing a song1 and they cut his meate and put it in his mouth1 and he hath righte long nayles on his hands1 that is a great nobility in that countrey therefore they let theyr nayles grow as long as they may1#c and some let them growe so long that they come about theyr handes and yt is a great nobility gentry1 and the gentry of a woman is to haue small fete1 and therefore anon as they are borne1 they binde their feete so straight that they cannot wax halfe as they shoulde4 ,and he hath a full faire palaice1 rich1 wher he dwelleth1 of which the wall is two myle about1 there is many faire gardeins1 and all the pavement of the hal1 chambres1 is of gold silver1 and in the midst of one of these gardeins is a lyttle hyl1 whereon is a place made wyth toures and pynacles all of golde1 and there he wyll syt often to take the ayer and disport1 for it is made for nothing else4 ,from this land men may go through ye land of the great ,caane4 ,footnote #a3 ,other editions say #cjj1jjj4 ,footnote #b3 ,loaded4 ,footnote #c3 ,similar to the ,chinese custom of the upper classes4 ,,cap4 ,,cvii4 ,how all these landes yles and kingdomes1 and the men therof afore rehersed1 haue some of the articles of our faith4 ,,and ye shall understand that all these men folke that haue reason yt ,i haue spoken of1 haue some articles of our faith1 all#a if they be of divers lawes and divers beleves1 yet they haue some good poynts of our fayth1 they beleve in ,god of kinde as theyr prophecie sayth1 ,et metuent eum omnes fines terr1 ,that is to say1 ,and all endes of the earth shall dread him4 ,and in another place1 ,omnes gentes servient ei1 ,that is to say1 ,all folk shall serve him1 but they cannot speak parfitly but as theyr kyndly wit teacheth them1 neither of the ,son nor of the ,holy ,ghost can they speake1 but they can speake well of the ,byble1 and specially of ,genesis1 and of the bokes of ,moyses4 ,and they say that those creatures yt they worship are no gods1 but they worship them for great vertue that is in them which may not be without special grace of ,god1 of simulacre and ydoles1 they say that all men haue simulacres1 and that1 say they1 for us christen men haue ymages of our ,lady other1 but they wot not that we worship not the ymages of stone nor of wood1 but the saynts of whome they are made1 for as the letter teacheth clarkes how they shal beleve1 so ymages and paynture teacheth lewde#b men4 ,they say also that the aungell of ,god speaketh to them in their ydoles do miracles1 they say soth1#c but it is the evil aungell that doth myracles to maintaine them in their ydolatrie4 ,footnote #a3 ,even4 ,footnote #b3 ,unlearned4 ,footnote #c3 ,truly4 ,,cap4 ,,cviii4 ,how ,john ,maundevyl leveth many mervailes unwrytten the cause wherefore4 ,,there are many other countreys where ,i haue not yet ben nor sene therefore ,i can not speke properly of them4 ,also in countreys where ,i haue bene are many marvailes that ,i speke not of1 for it were to long a tale and therefore hold you payd at this time yt ,i haue sayd1 for ,i will say no more of mervailes that are there1 so that other men that go thither may fynde ynough for to say that ,i haue not tolde4 ,decoration ,,cap4 ,,cix4 ,what time ,john ,maundevil departed out of ,england4 ,,and ,i ,john ,maundevil that went out of my countrey and passed the sea1 the yeare of our lord ,,mcccxxii and ,i haue passed through many landes and yles and countreys1 and now am come to rest4 ,i haue compyled this boke and do wryte it the yeare of our ,lord ,,mccclxvi at ,,xxxiv yeare after my departing from my countrey1 for as much as many men beleve not that they see with theyr eyen1 or yt they may conceive know in their mynde1 therefore ,i made my way to ,rome in my coming homewarde1 to shew my boke to the holy father the pope1#a and tell him of the mervayles yt ,i had sene in diverse countreys2 so that he with his wise counsel wold examine it1 with diverse folke yt are at ,rome1 for there dwell men of all nations of the world1 and a lytle time after when he his counsel had examined it all through1 he sayde to me for a certayne that it was true for he sayd he had a boke of latin contayning all that and much more1 of ye which ,mappa ,mundi is made1 the which boke ,i saw1 therefore the pope hath ratyfied confirmed my boke in all poyntes4 ,and ,i pray to all those that rede this boke1 that they will pray for me and ,i shall pray for them1 all those that say for me our ,lord's prayer that ,god forgive me my sinnes1 ,i make them parteners graunt them part of all my good pylgrimages and other good dedes which ,i ever dyd or shall do to my lyves ende ,i pray to ,god of whome all grace cometh1 that he will1 all the readers and hearers that are christen1 fulfil with his grace1 and saue them body and soule bring them to his ,joy that euer shall last4 ,he that is in the ,trinitie1 the ,father1 the ,sonne1 and the ,holy ,ghost1 that liveth raigneth ,god without ende ,amen ,footnote #a3 ,urban ,v4 ,imprinted at ,london in ,breadstreat at the nether ende by ,thomas ,east4 ,an #aefh ,the #f day of ,october ,decoration ,decoration ,here beginneth the journall of ,frier ,odoricus1 one of the order of the ,minorites1 concerning strange things which hee sawe among the ,tartars of the ,east4 ,,albeit many and sundry things are reported by divers authors concerning the fashions and conditions of this world3 notwithstanding ,i frier ,odoricus of ,friuli1 de portu ,vahonis being desirous to travel unto the foreign and remote nations of infidels1 sawe and heard great and miraculous things1 which ,i am truly able to avouch4 ,first of al therefore sayling from ,pera by ,constantinople1 ,i arrived at ,trapesunda4#a ,this place is right commodiously situate1 as being an haven for the ,persians and ,medes1 and other countries beyonde the sea4 ,in this lande ,i behelde with very great delight a very strange spectacle1 namely a certain man leading about with him more than foure thousande partriges4 ,the man himselfe walked upon the grounde1 and the partriges flew in the aire1 which he ledde unto a certaine castle called ,zavena1 being three days journey distant from ,trapesunda4 ,the saide partriges were so tame1 that when the man was desirous to lie downe and rest1 they would all come flocking about him like chickens4 ,and so hee led them unto ,trapesunda1 and unto the palace of the ,emperour1 who tooke as many of them as he pleased1 and the reste the saide man carried unto the place from whence he came4 ,in this citie lyeth the body of ,athanasius1 upon the gate of the citie4 ,and then ,i passed on further unto ,armenia major1 to a citie called ,azaron1#b which had been very rich in olde time1 but nowe the ,tartars haue almost layde it waste4 ,in the saide citie there was abundance of bread and flesh1 and of all other victuals except wine and fruits4 ,this citie also is very colde1 and is reported to be higher situated1 then any other city in the world4 ,it hath most holesome and sweete waters about it3 for the veines of the saide waters seeme to spring and flow from the mighty river of ,euphrates1 which is but a dayes journey from the saide city4 ,also1 the saide citie stands directly in the way to ,tauris4#c ,and ,i passed on unto a certaine mountaine called ,sobissacalo4 ,in the foresaide countrey there is the very same mountaine whereupon the ,arke of ,noah rested2 unto the which ,i would willingly haue ascended1 if my company would haue stayed for me4 ,howbeit the people of that countrey report1 that no man could euer ascend the saide mountaine1 because 7say they7 it pleaseth not the highest ,god4 ,and ,i travailed on further unto ,tauris that great and royal city1 which was in olde time called ,susis4 ,this city is accompted for traffique of merchandize the chiefe citie of the world3 for there is no kinde of victuals1 nor any thing else belonging unto merchandize1 which is not to be had there in great abundance4 ,this citie stands very commodiously3 for unto it all the nations of the whole worlde in a maner may resort for traffique4 ,concerning the saide citie1 the ,christians in those parts are of opinion1 that the ,persian ,emperour receives more tribute out of it1 then the ,king of ,france out of all his dominions4 ,neare unto the saide citie there is a salt-hill yeelding salt unto the city3 and of that salt ech man may take what pleaseth him1 not paying ought to any man therefor4 ,in this city many ,christians of all nations do inhabite1 over whom the ,saracens beare rule in all things4 ,then ,i traveiled on further unto a city called ,soldania1#d wherein the ,persian ,emperour lieth all ,sommer time3 but in ,winter hee takes his progresse unto another city standing upon the sea called ,baku4#e ,also the foresaide city is very great and colde having good and holesome waters therein1 unto the which also store of marchandize is brought4 ,moreover ,i travelled with a certaine company of ,caravans toward upper ,india3 and in the way1 after many days journey1 ,i came unto the citie of the three wise men called ,cassan1#f which is a noble and renowned city1 saving that the ,tartars haue destroyed a great part thereof1 and it aboundeth in bread1 wine1 and many other commodities4 ,from this citie unto ,jerusalem 7whither the three foresaid wisemen were miraculously led7 it is fifty days journey4 ,there be many wonders in this citie also1 which for brevities sake1 ,i omit4 ,from thence ,i departed unto a certain city called ,geste1 whence the sea of sand is distant one dayes journey1 which is a most wonderful and dangerous thing4 ,in this city there is abundance of all kinds of victuals and especially of figs1 raisins1 and grapes3 more 7as ,i suppose7 then in any part of the whole world besides4 ,this is one of the three principall cities of all the ,persian ,empire4 ,of this city the ,saracens report1 that no ,christian can by any means live therein above a yeere4 ,then passing many dayes journey on forward1 ,i came unto a certain city called ,comum#g which was a huge and mightie citie in olde time1 conteyning well nigh fiftie miles in circuite1 and hath done in times past great damage unto the ,romanes4 ,in it there are stately palaces altogether destitute of inhabitants1 notwithstanding it aboundeth with great store of victuals4 ,from hence travailing through many countreys1 at length ,i came unto the land of ,job called ,hus1 which is full of all kinde of victuals and very pleasantly situated4 ,thereabouts are certaine mountaines having good pastures for cattell upon them4 ,here also ,manna is found in great aboundance4 ,four partriges are here solde for lesse than a groat4 ,in this countrey there are most comely olde men4 ,here also the men spin and card1 and not the women4 ,this land bordereth upon the ,north part of ,chaldea4 ,footnote #a3 ,trebizonde4 ,footnote #b3 ,erzeroum4 ,footnote #c3 ,tauris1 a city of ,persia4 ,footnote #d3 ,or ,sultania4 ,footnote #e3 ,the ,caspian ,sea4 ,footnote #f3 ,or ,cassibin4 ,footnote #g3 ,como4 ,of the maners of the ,chaldeans1 and of ,india4 ,,from thence ,i traveled into ,chalda1 which is a great kingdome and ,i passed by the tower of ,babel4 ,this region hath a language peculiar unto itselfe1 and there are beautiful men and deformed women4 ,the men of the same countrey used to haue their haire kempt1 and trimmed like unto our women3 and they weare golden turbants upon their heads richly set with pearle1 and pretious stones4 ,the women are clad in a course smock onely reaching to their knees and having long sleeves hanging downe to the ground4 ,and they goe barefooted1 wearing breeches which reach to the ground also4 ,they weare no attire upon their heads1 but their haire hangs disheaveled about their eares3 and there be many other strange things also4 ,from thence ,i came into the lower ,india1 which the ,tartars overran wasted4 ,and in this countrey the people eat dates for the most part1 whereof #db li are there sold for lesse than a groat4 ,i passed further also many dayes journey unto the ,ocean ,sea the first lande where ,i arrived1 is called ,ormes1#a being well fortified1 and having great store of merchandize and treasure therein4 ,here also they use a kinde of ,bark or shippe called ,jase1 being compact together onely with hempe4 ,and ,i went on board into one of them1 wherein ,i could not finde any yron at all1 and in the space of #bh days ,i arrived at the city of ,thana1#b wherein foure of our friers were martyred for the faith of ,christ4 ,this countrey is well situate having abundance of bread and wine1 and of other victuals therein4 ,this ,kingdome in olde time was very large and under the dominion of ,king ,porus1 who fought a great battell with ,alexander the great4 ,the people of this countrey are idolaters worshipping fire1 serpents and trees4 ,and ouer all this land the ,saracens do beare rule1 who tooke it by maine force1 and they themselues are in subjection unto ,king ,daldilus4 ,there be divers kinds of beasts1 as namely blacke lyons in great abundance1 and apes also1 and monkeis1 and battes as bigge as our doves4 ,and there are mise as bigge as our countrey dogs1 and therefore they are hunted with dogs1 because cats are not able to encounter them4 ,moreouer in the same countrey every man hath a bundle of great boughs standing in a water-pot before his doore1 which bundle is as great as a pillar1 and it will not wither1 so long as water is applied thereunto3 with many other novelties and strange things1 the relation whereof would breed great delight4 ,footnote #a3 ,ormus4 ,footnote #b3 ,thana1 whereof ,frederick ,csar maketh mention4 ,how peper is had3 and where it groweth4 ,,moreouer1 that it may be manifest how peper is had1 it is to be understood that it groweth in a certaine kingdome whereat ,i myself arrived1 being called ,minibar1#a and it is not so plentifull in any other part of the worlde as it is there4 ,for the wood wherein it growes conteineth in circuit #ah dayes journey4 ,and in the said wood or forrest there are two cities one called ,flandrina1#b and the other ,cyncilim4 ,in ,flandrina both ,jewes ,christians doe inhabite1 betweene whom there is often contention and warre3 howbeit the ,christians overcome the ,jewes at all times4 ,in the foresaid wood pepper is had after this maner3 first it groweth in leaves like unto pot-hearbes1 which they plant neere unto great trees as we do our vines1 and they bring forth pepper in clusters1 as our vines doe yeeld grapes1 but being ripe1 they are of a green colour1 and are gathered as we gather grapes1 and then the graines are layd in the ,sunne to be dried1 and being dried are put into earthen vessels3 and thus is pepper made and kept4 ,now1 in the same wood there be many rivers1 wherein are great store of ,crocodiles1 and of other serpents1 which the inhabitants of that countrey do burne up with strawe and with other dry fewel1 and so they go to gather their pepper without danger4 ,at the ,south ,end of the said forrest stands the city of ,polumbrum1#c which aboundeth with marchandize of all kinds4 ,all the inhabitants of that countrey do worship a living oxe1 as their god1 whom they put to labour for sixe yeres1 and in the seventh yere they cause him to rest from al his worke1 placing him in a solemne and publique place3 and calling him an holy beast4 ,moreouer they use this foolish ceremonie3 ,every morning they take two basons1 either of silver or of gold1 and with one they receive the urine of the oxe1 and with the other his dung4 ,with the urine they wash their face1 their eyes1 and all their fiue senses4 ,of the dung they put into both their eyes1 then they anoint the bals of their cheeks therewith1 and thirdly their breast3 and then they say that they are sanctified for all that day3 ,and as the people doe1 euen so doe their king and ,queene4 ,this people worshippeth also a dead idole which from the navel upward1 resembleth a man1 and from the navel downward an oxe4 ,the very same ,idol delivers oracles unto them1 and sometimes requireth the blood of fourtie virgins for his hire4 ,and therefore the men of that region do consecrate their daughters and their sonnes unto their idols1 euen as ,christians do their children unto some ,religion or ,saint in heaven4 ,likewise they sacrifice their sonnes and their daughters1 and so1 much people is put to death before the said ,idol by reason of that accursed ceremony4 ,also1 many other hainous and abominable villainies doeth that brutish beastly people commit3 and ,i saw many more strange things among them which ,i meane not here to insert4 ,another most vile custome the foresaide nation doeth retaine3 for when any man dieth they burne his dead corpse to ashes3 and if his wife surviveth him1 her they burne quicke1 because 7say they7 she shall accompany her husband in his tilthe and husbandry1 when he is come unto a new worlde4 ,howbeit the said wife having children by her husband1 may if she will1 remaine still alive with them1 without shame or reproche3 notwithstanding1 for the most part1 they all of them make choice to be burnt with their husbands4 ,now1 albeit the wife dieth before her husband1 that law bindeth not the husband to any such inconvenience but he may marry another wife also4 ,likewise1 ye said nation hath another strange custome1 in that their women drink wine1 but their men do not4 ,also the women haue the lids brows of their eyes beards shaven1 but the men haue not3 with many other base and filthie fashions which the said women do use contrary to the nature of their sexe4 ,from that kingdome ,i traveiled #aj daies journey unto another kingdome called ,mobar1#d which containeth many cities4 ,within a certaine church of the same countrey1 the body of ,s4 ,thomas the ,apostle is interred1 the very same church being full of idols3 and in #ae houses round about the said ,church there dwell certaine priests who are ,nestorians1 that is to say1 false1 and bad ,christians and schismatiques4 ,footnote #a3 ,malabar4 ,footnote #b3 ,or ,alandrina4 ,footnote #c3 ,query1 whether this is not ,kaulam or ,balld-ul-,falfal1 the ,pepper ,country1 or ,malabar1 latinized into ,columbum or ,columbus4 ,footnote #d3 ,malabar4 ,of a strange and uncouth idole3 of certaine customes and ceremonies4 ,,in the kingdome of ,mobar there is a wonderfull strange idole1 being made after the shape and resemblance of a man1 as big as the image of our ,christopher1 consisting all of most pure and glittering gold4 ,and about the necke thereof hangeth a silke riband1 ful of most rich precious stones1 some one of which is of more value than a whole kingdome4 ,the house of this idol is all of beaten gold1 namely the roofe1 the pavement1 and the sieling of the wall within and without4 ,unto this idol the ,indians go on pilgrimage1 as we do unto ,st4 ,peter4 ,some go with halters about their necks1 some with their hands bound behind them1 some with knives sticking on their armes or legs3 and if after their peregrination1 the flesh of their wounded arme festereth or corrupteth1 they esteeme that limme to be holy1 thinke that their ,god is wel pleased with them4 ,neare unto the temple of that idol is a lake made by men in an open and common place1 whereinto the pilgrimes cast gold1 silver and precious stones1 for the honour of the idol and the repairing of his temple4 ,and therefore when anything is to be adorned or mended1 they go unto this lake taking up the treasure which was cast in4 ,moreouer at euery yerely feast of the making or repairing of the said idol1 the king and queene1 with the whole multitude of the people1 all the pilgrimes assemble themselues1 placing the said idol in a most stately rich chariot1 they cary him out of their temple with songs1 with all kinds of musical harmonie1 and a great companie of virgins go procession-wise two and two in a rank singing before him4 ,many pilgrims also put themselves under the chariot wheeles1 to the end that their false god may go ouer them1 and al they ouer whom the chariot runneth1 are crushed in pieces1 divided asunder in the midst1 and slaine right out4 ,yea1 in doing this1 they think themselves to die most holily securely1 in the service of their god4 ,and by this meanes every yere1 there die under the said filthy idol1 mo then #ejj persons1 whose carcases are burned1 and their ashes are kept for reliques1 because they died in that sort for their god4 ,moreover they haue another detestable ceremony4 ,for when any man offers to die in the service of his false god1 his parents all his friends assemble themselues together with a consort of musicians1 making him a great solemne feast3 which feast being ended1 they hang #e sharpe knifes about his neck carrying him before the idol so soone as he is come thither1 he taketh one of his knives crying with a loud voice1 ,for the worship of my god do ,i cut this my flesh1 and then he casteth the morsel which is cut1 at ye face of his idol3 but at the very last wound wherewith he murthereth himselfe1 he uttereth these words3 ,now do ,i yeeld myself to death in the behalfe of my god and being dead his body is burned1 is esteemed by al men to be holy4 ,the king of the said region is most rich in silver1 gold1 and precious stones1 there be the fairest unions in al the world4 ,traveling from thence by the ,ocean sea #ej daies journey southward1 ,i came unto a certaine land named ,lammori1#a where1 in regard of extreeme heat1 the people both men and women go stark-naked from top to toe3 who seeing me apparelled1 scoffed at me1 saying that ,god made ,adam and ,eve naked4 ,in this countrey al women are common1 so that no man can say1 this is my wife4 ,also when any of the said women beareth a son or a daughter1 she bestowes it upon anyone that hath lien with her1 whom she pleaseth4 ,likewise al the land of that region is possessed in common1 so that there is not mine thine1 or any propriety of possession in the division of lands3 howbeit euery man hath his owne house peculiar unto himselfe4 ,mans flesh1 if it be fat1 is eaten as ordinarily there as beefe in our countrey4 ,and albeit the people are most lewd1 yet the countrey is exceeding good1 abounding with al commodities1 as fleshe1 corne1 rise1 silver1 gold1 wood of aloes1 ,camphir1 and many other things4 ,marchants coming unto this region for traffique do usually bring with them fat men1 selling them unto the inhabitants as we sel hogs1 who immediately kil and eat them4 ,in this island towards the south1 there is another kingdome called ,simoltra1#b where both men and women marke themselves with red-hot yron in #ab sundry spots of their faces3 and this nation is at continual warre with certaine naked people in another region4 ,then ,i traveled further unto another island called ,java1 the compasse whereof by sea is #cjjj miles4 ,the king of this ,iland hath #g other crowned kings under his jurisdiction4 ,the said ,island is throughly inhabited is thought to be one of the principall ,ilands of ye whole world4 ,in the same ,iland there groweth great plenty of cloves1 cubibez1 and nutmegs1 and in a word all kinds of spices are there to be had1 and great aboundance of all victuals except wine4 ,the king of the said ,iland of ,java hath a brave and sumptuous pallace1 the most loftily built1 that euer ,i saw any1 it hath most high greeses#c and stayers to ascend up into the roomes therein contained1 one stayre being of silver1 another of gold1 throughout the whole building4 ,also the lower roomes were paved all ouer with one square plate of silver1 another of gold4 ,all the walls upon the inner side were seeled ouer with plates of gold1 wherupon were ingraven ye pictures of knights1 having about their temples1 ech of them a wreath of golde1 adorned with precious stones4 ,the roofe of the palace was of pure gold4 ,with this ,king of ,java the great ,can of ,catay hath had many conflicts in war2 whom notwithstanding the said king hath always overcome and vanquished4 ,footnote #a3 ,perhaps he meaneth ,cammori4 ,footnote #b3 ,sumatra4 ,footnote #c3 ,steps4 ,of certaine trees yeelding meale1 honey1 and poyson4 ,,neere unto the said ,iland is another countrey called ,panten1 or ,tathalamasin4#a ,and the king of the same countrey hath many ,ilands under his dominion4 ,in this land there are trees yeelding meale1 hony1 wine the most deadly poison in all ye whole world3 for against it there is but one only remedy3 that is this3 if any man hath taken of ye poyson1 would be delivered from the danger thereof1 let him temper the dung of a man in water1 so drinke a good quantitie thereof1 it expels the poyson immediatly1 making it to avoid at the fundament4 ,meale is produced out of the said trees after this maner4 ,they be mighty huge trees and when they are cut with an axe by the ground1 there issueth out of the stock a certain licour like unto gumme1 which they take and put into bags made of leaues1 laying them for #ae days together abroad in the sunne1 at the end of those #ae dayes1 when the said licour is throughly parched1 it becometh meale4 ,then they steepe it first in sea water1 washing it afterward with fresh water1 and so it is made very good savorie paste1 whereof they make either meat or bread1 as they thinke good4 ,of which bread ,i my selfe did eate1 it is fayrer without somewhat browne within4 ,by this countrey is the sea called ,mare mortuum1 which runneth continually ,southward1 into ye which whosoever falleth in 7is7 never seene after4 ,in this countrey also are found canes of an incredible length1 namely of #fj paces high or more1 they are as bigge as trees4 ,other canes there be also called ,cassan1#b which overspread the earth like grasse1 out of euery knot of them spring foorth certaine branches1 which are continued upon the ground almost for the space of a mile4 ,in the said canes there are found certaine stones1 one of which stones1 whosoever carryeth about with him1 cannot be wounded with any yron3 therefore the men of that countrey for the most part1 carry such stones with them1 whithersoever they goe4 ,many also cause one of the armes of their children1 while they are yong1 to be launced1 putting one of the said stones into the wound1 healing also1 and closing up the said wound with the powder of a certaine fish 7the name whereof ,i do not know7 which powder doth immediatly consolidate and cure the said wounde4 ,and by the virtue of these stones the people aforesaid doe for the most part triumph both on sea and land4 ,howbeit there is one kinde of stratageme1 which the enemies of this nation1 knowing the vertue of the sayd stones1 doe practise against them3 namely1 they provide themselues armour of yron or steele against their arrowes1 weapons also poisoned with the poyson of trees they carry in their hands wooden stakes most sharpe and hard pointed1 as if they were yron3 likewise they shoot arrowes without yron heads1 so they confound and slay some of their unarmed foes trusting too securely unto the vertue of their stones4 ,also of the foresayd canes called ,cassan they make sayles for their ships1 and litel houses1 and many other necessaries4 ,from thence after many dayes travell1 ,i arrived at another kingdome called ,campa1 a most beautiful and rich countrey1 abounding with all kind of victuals3 the king whereof1 at my being there1 had so many wives concubines1 that he had #cjj sonnes daughters by them4 ,this king hath #ajjjd tame ,elephants1 which are kept even as we keepe droves of oxen or flocks of sheepe in pasture4 ,footnote #a3 ,query1 ,the ,tathsiaulu of ,marco ,polo1 or ,thibet4 ,footnote #b3 ,an exaggeration for bamboos4 ,of the abundance of fishes1 which cast themselues upon the shore4 ,,in this countrey there is one strange thing to be observed1 yt euery several kind of fishes in those seas come swimming towards the said countrey in such abundance1 that1 for a great distance into the sea1 nothing can be seene but the backes of fishes3 which casting themselues upon the shore when they come neere unto it1 do suffer men1 for the space of #c daies to come take as many of them as they please1 then they return again to the sea4 ,after that kind of fishes comes another kind1 offering itselfe after the same maner1 so in like sort all other kinds whatsoever3 notwithstanding they do this but once in a year4 ,and ,i demaunded of the inhabitants there how1 or by what meanes this strange accident could come to passe3 ,they answered1 that fishes were taught1 even by nature to come and do homage unto their ,emperour4 ,there be ,tortoises also as bigge as an oven4 ,many other things ,i saw which are incredible1 unlesse a man should see them with his own eies4 ,in this countrey also dead men are burned1 their wives are burned aliue with them1 as in the city of ,polumbrum aboue mentioned3 for the men of that countrey say that she goeth to accompany him in another world1 that he should take none other wife in mariage4 ,moreouer ,i traveled on further by the ocean-sea towards the ,south1 passed through many countries and islands1 whereof one is called ,moumoran1 it containeth in compasse ii4 ,m miles1 wherein men women haue dogs faces1 and worship an oxe for their god3 and therefore euery one of them cary the image of an oxe of gold or silver upon their foreheads4 ,the men women of this country go all naked1 saving that they hang a linen cloth round their loins4 ,the men of the said country are very tall and mighty1 and by reason that they goe naked1 when they are to make battell1 they cary yron or steele-targets before them1 which do cover and defend their bodies from top to toe3 and whomsoever of their foes they take in battel not being able to ransome himselfe for money1 they presently devoure him3 but if he be able to redeeme himselfe for money1 they let him go free4 ,their king weareth about his necke #cjj great most beautiful unions1#a and saith euery day #cjj prayers unto his god4 ,he weareth upon his finger also a stone of a span long1 which seemeth to be a flame of fire1 and therefore when he weareth it1 no man dare approach unto him3 and they say that there is not any stone in the whole world of more value than it4 ,neither could at any time the great ,tartarian ,emperour of ,katay either by force1 money1 or policie obtain it at his hands1 notwithstanding that he hath done the utmost of his indeavour for this purpose4 ,footnote #a3 ,large and fine pearls4 ,of the ,island of ,sylan3 and of the mountaine where ,adam mourned for his sonne ,abel4 ,i ,,passed by also another island called ,sylan1#a which conteineth in compasse aboue ii ,m miles1 wherin are an infinit number of serpents1 great store of lions1 beares1 al kinds of ravening wild beasts1 and especially of elephants4 ,in the said countrey there is an huge mountaine1 whereupon the inhabitants of that region do report that ,adam mourned for his son ,abel ye space of #ejj yeres4 ,in the midst of this mountaine there is a most beautiful plain1 wherin is a litle lake conteining great plenty of water1 which water ye inhabitants report to haue proceeded from the teares of ,adam ,eve3 howbeit ,i proved that to be false1 because ,i saw the water flow in the lake4 ,this water is ful of hors-leeches1 blood suckers1 of precious stones also1 which precious stones the king taketh not unto his owne use1 but once or twise euery yere he permitteth certaine poore people to diue under water for ye said stones al that they may get he bestoweth upon them1 to the end that they may pray for his soule4 ,but yt they may with less danger dive under water1 they take limons#b which they pil1#c anointing themselves with the juice thereof1 so they may diue naked under ye water1 the hors-leeches not being able to hurt them4 ,from this lake the water runneth even unto the sea1 and at a low ebbe the inhabitants dig rubies1 diamonds perles1 and other precious stones out of the shore3 wherupon it is thought1 that ye king of this island hath greater abundance of pretious stones1 then any other monarch in the whole earth besides4 ,in the said countrey there be all kinds of beastes and foules3 the people told me1 that those beasts would not invade nor hurt any stranger but only the natural inhabitants4 ,i saw in this island fouls as big as our countrey geese1 having two heads1 and other miraculous things1 which ,i will not here write off4 ,traveling on further ,south1 ,i arrived at a certaine island called ,bodin1#d which signifieth in our language unclean4 ,in this island there do inhabit most wicked persons1 who devour eate rawe flesh1 committing all kinds of uncleannes abominations in such sort1 as it is incredible4 ,for the father eateth his son1 the son his father1 the husband his owne wife the wife her husband3 that after this maner4 ,if any mans father be sick1 the son straight goes unto the sooth-saying or prognosticating priest1 requesting him to demand of his god1 whether his father shall recover from his infirmity or no2 ,then both of them go unto an idol of gold or silver1 making their prayers unto it in maner folowing3 ,lord1 thou art our god1 thee we do adore1 beseeching thee to resolve us1 whether such a man must die1 or recover of such an infirmity or no3 ,then the divel answereth out of ye aforesaide idol3 if he saieth 7he shal liue7 then returneth his son and ministreth things necessary unto him til he hath attained unto his former health3 but if he saith 7he shall die7 then goes ye priest unto him1 putting a cloth into his mouth doth strangle him therewith3 which being done1 he cuts his dead body into morsels1 al his friends and kinsfolk are invited unto the eating thereof1 with musique all kinde of mirth3 howbeit his bones are solemnely buried4 ,and when ,i found fault with that custome demanding a reason thereof1 one of them gaue me this answere2 this we doe lest the wormes should eat his flesh1 for then his soule should suffer great torments1 neither could ,i by any meanes remoove them from that errour4 ,many other novelties and strange things there bee in this countrey1 which no man would credite1 unles he saw them with his owne eyes4 ,howbeit1 ,i 7before almighty ,god7 do here make relation of nothing but of that onely1 whereof ,i am as sure1 as a man may be sure4 ,concerning the foresaid islands1 ,i enquired of divers wel-experienced persons1 who al of them1 as it were with one consent1 answered me saying1 that this ,india contained #ddjj islands under it1 or within it1 in which islands there are sixty and foure crowned kings3 and they say moreouer1 that the greater part of those islands are wel inhabited4 ,and here ,i conclude concerning that part of ,india4 ,footnote #a3 ,ceylon4 ,footnote #b3 ,lemons4 ,footnote #c3 ,peel4 ,footnote #d3 ,or ,dadin4 ,of the upper ,india3 and of the province of ,mancy4#a ,,first of al therefore1 having traveled many dayes journey upon the ,ocean-sea towards the ,east1 at length ,i arrived at a certaine great province called ,mancy1 being in ,latine named ,india4 ,concerning this ,india ,i inquired of ,christians1 of ,saracens1 of ,idolaters1 and of al such as bare an office under the great ,can2 who all of them with one consent answered1 that this province of ,mancy hath mo then #bjjj great cities within the precincts thereof that it aboundeth with all plenty of victuals1 as namely with bread1 wine1 rise1 flesh1 and fish4 ,all the men of this province be artificers marchants1 who1 though they be in never so extreme penurie1 so long as they can help themselues by the labor of their handes1 will neuer beg almes of any man4 ,the men of this province are of a faire and comely personage1 but somewhat pale1 having their heads shaven but a little1 but the women are the most beautiful under the sunne4 ,the first city of the said ,india which ,i came unto1 is called ,ceuskalon1 which being a daies journey distant from the sea1 stands upon a river1 the water whereof1 nere unto the mouth1 where it exonerateth it selfe into the sea1 doth overflow the land for the space of #ab daies journey4 ,all the inhabitants of this ,india are worshippers of idols4 ,the foresaid city of ,ceuskalon hath such an huge navy belonging thereunto1 that no man would beleeve it unlesse he should see it4 ,in this city ,i saw #cjj li of good and new ginger sold for lesse than a groat4 ,there are the greatest1 and the fairest geese1 most plenty of them to be sold in al the world1 as ,i suppose3 they are as white as milke1 haue a bone upon the crowne of their heads1 as bigge as an egge1 being of the colour of blood3 under the throat they haue a skin or bag hanging down halfe a foot4 ,they are exceeding fat and wel sold4 ,also they haue ducks and hens in that countrey1 one as big as two of ours4 ,there be monstrous great serpents likewise1 which are taken by the inhabitants eaten2 whereupon a solemne feast among them without serpents is not set by4 ,and to be briefe1 in this city there are al kinds of victuals in great abundance4 ,from thence ,i passed by many cities at length ,i came unto a citie named ,caitan1#b wherein ye friers ,minorites haue two places of abode1 unto which ,i transported the bones of the dead friers1 which suffered martyrdom for the faith of ,christ1 as it is aboue mentioned4 ,in this citie there is abundance of al kind of victuals very cheap4 ,the said city is as big as two of ,bononia1#c in it are many monasteries of religious persons1 al which do worship idols4 ,i myselfe was in one of those monasteries1 it was told me1 that there were in it ,,iii ,m religious men1 having ,,xi ,m idols2 and one of ye said idols which seemed unto me but litle in regard of the rest1 was as big as our ,christopher4 ,these religious men euery day do feed their idol-gods3 wherupon at a certaine time ,i went to behold the banquet3 and indeed those things which they brought unto them were good to eate1 fuming hote insomuch that the steam of the smoke thereof ascended up unto their idols1 and they said that their gods were refreshed with the smoke3 howbeit all the meat they conveyed away1 eating it up their owne selves1 and so they fed their dumb gods with the smoke only4 ,footnote #a3 ,or ,china4 ,footnote #b3 ,thsiuanchau or ,chiuchau1 the great medival port of ,china4 ,footnote #c3 ,bologna4 ,of the citie of ,fuco4 ,,traveling more eastward1 ,i came unto a city named ,fuco1#a which containeth #cj miles in circuit1 wherein be exceeding great faire cocks1 and al their hens are as white as the very snow1 having wool in stead of feathers1 like unto sheep4 ,it is a most stately beautiful city standeth up the sea4 ,then ,i went #ah daies journey on further1 passed by many provinces cities1 and in the way ,i went over a certain great mountaine1 upon ye one side whereof ,i beheld al living creatures to be as black as a cole1 the men and women on that side differed somewhat in maner of living from others2 howbeit1 on the other side of the said hil every living thing was snow-white the inhabitants in their maner of living1 were altogether unlike unto others4 ,there1 al maried women cary in token that they haue husbands1 a great trunk of horne upon their heads4 ,from thence ,i traveled #ah dayes journey further and came unto a certaine great river1 and entered also into a city1 whereunto belongeth a mighty bridge to passe the said river4 ,and mine hoste with whom ,i sojourned1 being desirous to show me some sport1 said unto me1 ,sir1 if you will see any fish taken1 goe with me4 ,then hee led me unto the foresaid bridge1 carrying in his armes certain dive-doppers#b or water-foules1 bound unto a company of poles1 and about every one of their necks he tied a thread1 lest they should eat the fish as fast as they took them3 and he carried three great baskets with him also2 then loosed he the dive-doppers from the poles1 which presently went into the water1 within lesse then the space of one houre1 caught as many fishes as filled the #c baskets3 which being full1 mine hoste untied the threeds from about their neckes1 and entering a second time into the river they fed themselves with fish1 and being satisfied they returned and suffered themselves to be bound unto the said poles as they were before4 ,and when ,i did eate of those fishes1 we thought they were exceeding good4 ,travailing thence many dayes journeys1 at length ,i arrived at another city called ,canasia1#c which signifieth in our language1 the city of heaven4 ,never in all my life did ,i see so great a city3 for it containeth in circuit an hundreth miles2 neither sawe ,i any plot thereof1 which was not throughly inhabited3 yea1 ,i sawe many houses of tenne or twelve stories high1 one aboue the other4 ,it hath mightie large suburbs containing more people then the citie it selfe4 ,also it hath twelue principall gates3 and about the distance of #h miles1 in the high way unto euery one of the saide gates standeth a city as big by estimation as ,venice1 and ,padua4 ,the aforesaide city of ,canasia is situated in waters or marshes1 which always stand still1 neither ebbing nor flowing3 howbeit it hath a defence for the winde like unto ,venice4 ,in this citie there are mo than #ajjjb bridges1 many whereof ,i numbered and passed over them3 and upon every of those bridges stand certaine watchmen of the citie1 keeping continuall ward and watch about the saide citie1 the great ,can the ,emperour of ,catay4 ,the people of this countrey say1 that they haue one duetie injoyned unto them by their lord3 for euery fire payeth one ,balis in regard of tribute3 and a ,balis is five papers or pieces of silk1 which are worth one floren and an halfe of our coine4 ,tenne or twelue housholds are accompted for one fire1 and so pay tribute but for one fire only4 ,al those tributary fires amount unto the number of #he ,thuman1 with other foure ,thuman of the ,saracens1 which make #hi in al3 ,and one ,thuman consisteth of #ajjjj fires4 ,the residue of the people of the city are some of them ,christians1 some marchants1 and some traveilers through the countrey4 ,whereupon ,i marveiled much how such an infinite number of persons could inhabite and liue together4 ,there is great aboundance of victuals in this city1 as namely of bread and wine1 and especially of hogs-flesh with other necessaries4 ,footnote #a3 ,probably ,fuchau in ,fokieu4 ,footnote #b3 ,cormorants4 ,footnote #c3 ,now ,hangchau4 ,of a ,monastery where many strange beastes of divers kindes doe live upon an hill4 ,,in the foresaide citie foure of our friers had converted a mighty and rich man unto the faith of ,christ1 at whose house ,i continually abode1 for so long time as ,i remained in the citie1 ,who upon a certain time said unto me3 ,ara1 that is to say1 ,father1 will you go and behoulde the citie8 ,and ,i said1 yea4 ,then embarked we ourselves1 and directed our course unto a certaine great ,monastery3 where being arrived1 he called a religious person with whom he was acquainted1 saying unto him concerning me3 this ,raban ,francus1 that is to say1 this religious ,frenchman commeth from the ,westerne parts of the world and therefore you must show him some rare things1 that when he returnes into his owne countrey1 he may say1 this strange sight or novelty haue ,i seene in the citie of ,canasia4 ,then the said religious man tooke two greate baskets full of broken reliques which remained of the table1 led me unto a little walled parke1 the doore whereof he unlocked with his key1 and there appeared unto us a pleasant faire green plot1 into the which we entred4 ,in the said greene stands a litle mount in forme of a steeple1 replenished with fragrant herbes1 and fine shady trees4 ,and while we stood there1 he tooke a cymbal or bell1 and rang therewith1 as they used to ring to dinner or bevoir in cloisters1 at the sound whereof many creatures of divers kindes came downe from the mount1 some like apes1 some like cats1 some like monkeys1 and some having faces like men4 ,and while ,i stood beholding of them1 they gathered themselves together about him1 to the number of #dbjj of those creatures1 putting themselues in good order1 before whom he set a platter1 and gaue them the saide fragments to eate4 ,and when they had eaten he rang upon his cymbal the second time1 and they all returned unto their former places4 ,then1 wondring greatly at the matter1 ,i demanded what kind of creatures those might be8 ,they are 7quoth he7 the ,soules of noble men which we do here feed1 for the love of ,god who governeth the world3 and as a man was honorable or noble in this life1 so his soule after death1 entreth into the body of some excellent beast or other1 but the soules of simple and rusticall people do possesse the bodies of more vile and brutish creatures4 ,then ,i began to refute that foule error3 howbeit my speech did nothing at all to prevaile with him1 for hee could not be perswaded that any soule might remaine without a body4 ,from thence ,i departed unto a certaine citie named ,chilenso1 the walls whereof contained #dj miles in circuit4 ,in this citie there are #cfj bridges of stone1 the fairest that euer ,i saw1 and it is wel inhabited1 having a great navie belonging thereunto1 abounding with all kinds of victuals and other commodities4 ,and thence ,i went unto a certaine river called ,thalay which where it is most narrow1 is #g miles broad3 and it runneth through the midst of the land of the ,pygmoei whose chiefe city is called ,cakam1 and is one of the goodliest cities in the world4 ,these ,pygmoeans are three of my spans high1 and they make larger and better cloth of cotton and silke1 then any other nation under the sunne4 ,and coasting along by the said river1 ,i came unto a certaine city named ,janzu1 in which citie there is one receptacle for the ,friers of our order1 and there be also three ,churches of the ,nestorians4 ,this ,janzu is a noble and great citie1 containing #dh ,thumans of tributarie fires1 and in it are all kindes of victuals1 and great plenty of such beastes1 foules1 and fishes1 as ,christians doe usually liue upon4 ,the lord of the same citie hath in yeerely revenues for salt onely1 fiftie ,thuman of ,balis1 one balis is worth a floren and a halfe of our coyne3 insomuch that one ,thuman of balis amounteth unto the value of #aejjj florens4 ,howbeit the sayd lord1 favoureth his people in one respect1 for sometimes he forgiveth them frely #bjj ,thuman1 lest there should be any scarcity or dearth among them4 ,there is a custome in this citie1 that when any man is determined to banquet his friends1 going about unto certaine tavernes or cookes houses appointed for the same purpose1 he sayth unto euery particular hoste1 you shall haue such and such of my friends1 whom you must entertain in my name1 and so much ,i will bestowe upon the banquet4 ,and by that means his friendes are better feasted at diverse places1 then they should haue beene at one4 ,tenne miles from the sayde citie1 about the head of the foresayd river of ,thalay1 there is a certaine other citie called ,montu1 which hath the greatest navy that ,i saw in the whole world4 ,all their ships are as white as snow1 they haue banquetting houses in them1 and many other rare things also1 which no man would beleeve unlesse he had seene them with his owne eyes4 ,of the citie of ,cambaleth4 ,,traveling eight dayes journey further by divers territories and cities1 at length ,i came by fresh water unto a certaine citie named ,leucyn1 standing upon a river of ,karavoran#a which runneth through the midst of ,cataie1 and doeth great harme in the countrey when it overfloweth the bankes1 or breaketh foorth of the chanell4 ,from thence passing along the river ,eastward1 after many dayes travell1 and the sight of divers cities1 ,i arrived at a citie called ,sumakoto1#b which aboundeth more with silke then any other citie in the worlde3 for when there is a great scarcity of silke1 fortie pound is solde for lesse then eight groates4 ,in this citie there is abundance of all merchandize1 and all kinds of victuals also1 as of bread1 wine1 flesh1 fish1 with all choise and delicate spices4 ,then travelling on still towards the ,east by many cities1 ,i came unto the noble and renowned citie of ,cambaleth1 which is of great antiquitie1 being situate in the province of ,cataie4 ,this citie the ,tartars tooke1 neere unto it within the space of halfe a mile1 they built another citie called ,caido4 ,the citie of ,caido hath twelve gates1 being each of them two miles distant from another4 ,also the space lying in the midst betweene the two foresayde cities is very well and thoroughly inhabited1 so that they make as it were but one citie betweene them both4 ,the whole compasse or circuit of both cities together is #dj miles4 ,in this citie the great emperour ,can hath his principall seat1 and his ,imperiall palace1 the wals of which palace containe foure miles in circuit3 and neere unto this his palace are many other palaces and houses of his nobility which belong unto his court4 ,within the precincts of the said palace ,imperiall1 there is a most beautifull mount1 set and replenished with trees1 for which cause it is called the ,greene mount1 having a most royall and sumptuous palace standing thereupon1 in which1 for the most part1 the great ,can is resident4 ,upon the one side of the sayde mount there is a great lake1 whereupon a most stately bridge is built1 in which lake a great abundance of geese1 ducks1 all kinds of water foules1 and in the wood growing upon the mount1 there is a great store of all birdes and wilde beastes4 ,and therefore when the great ,can will solace himselfe with hunting or hauking1 he needs not so much as once to step forth of his palace4 ,moreover1 the principall palace1 wherein he maketh his abode1 is very large1 having within it #ad pillers of golde1 and all the walles thereof are hanged with red skinnes1 which are said to be the most costly skinnes in all the world4 ,in the midst of the palace stands a cisterne of two yards high1 which consisteth of a precious stone called ,merdochas1 and is wreathed about with golde1 at ech corner thereof is the golden image of a serpent1 as it were furiously shaking and casting forth his head4 ,this cisterne also hath a kinde of network of pearle wrought about it4 ,likewise by the sayd cisterne there is drinke conveyed thorow certaine pipes and conducts such as useth to be drunke in the emperours court1 upon the which also there hang many vessels of golde1 wherein whosoever will may drinke of the said licour4 ,in the foresayd palace there are many peacockes of golde3 when any ,tartar maketh a banquet unto his lorde1 if the guests chance to clap their hands for joy and mirth the said golden peacocks also will spread their wings abroad1 and lift up their traines1 seeming as if they danced1 and this ,i suppose to be done by arte magicke or by some secret engine under the grounde4 ,footnote #a3 ,karamoron4 ,footnote #b3 ,sumacoto4 ,of the glory and magnificence of the great ,can4 ,,moreover1 when the great emperour ,can sitteth on his imperiall throne of estate1 on his lefte hand sitteth his queene or empresse and upon another inferior seate there sit two other women1 which are to accompany the emperour1 when his spouse is absent1 but in the lowest place of all1 there sit all the ladies of his kinred4 ,all the married women weare upon their heads a kind of ornament in shape like unto a man's foote of a cubite and a halfe in length1 and the lower part of the said foote is adorned with cranes feathers1 and is all ouer thicke set with great and orient pearles4 ,upon the right hande of the great ,can sitteth his first begotten sonne and heire apparent unto his empire1 and under him sit all the nobles of the blood royall4 ,there bee also foure ,secretaries1 which put all things in writing that the emperour speaketh4 ,in whose presence likewise stand his ,barons and divers others of his nobilitie1 with great traines of folowers after them1 of whom none dare speake so much as one worde1 unlesse they haue obtained licence of the emperour so to doe1 except his jesters and stage players1 who are appointed of purpose to solace their lord4 ,neither yet dare they attempt to doe ought1 but onely according to the pleasure of their emperor1 and as hee enjoineth by lawe4 ,about the palace gate stand certaine ,barons to keepe all men from treading upon the threshold of the sayd gate4 ,when it pleaseth the great ,can to solemnize a feast1 he hath about him #adjjj ,barons1 carying wreathes litle crownes upon their heads1 and giving attendance upon their lord1 and eueryone of them weareth a garment of golde and precious stones1 which is worth ten thousand florens4 ,his court is kept in very good order1 by governours of tens1 governours of hundreds1 and governours of thousands1 insomuch that euery one in his place performeth his dutie committed to him1 neither is there any defect to bee found4 ,i ,frier ,odoricus was there present in person for the space of three yeares and was often at the sayd banquets3 for wee friers ,minorites have a place of aboad appointed out for us in the emperours court1 and are enjoined to goe and to bestow our blessing upon him4 ,and ,i enquired of certain courtiers concerning the number of persons pertaining to the emperors court4 ,moreouer1 when he will make his progresse from one countrey to another1 hee hath foure troupes of horsemen1 one being appointed to goe a dayes journey before1 and another to come a dayes journey after him1 the third to march on his right hand and the fourth on his left1 in the maner of a crosse1 he himselfe being in the midst1 and so euery particular troupe haue their daily journeys limited unto them1 to the ende they may provide sufficient victuals without defect4 ,nowe the great ,can himselfe is caried in maner following3 hee rideth in a chariot with two wheeles1 upon which a majesticall throne is built of the wood of ,aloe1 being adorned with gold and great pearles and precious stones1 and foure elephants bravely furnished doe drawe the sayd chariot1 before which elephants foure greate horses richly trapped and covered doe lead the way4 ,hard by the chariot on both sides thereof1 are foure ,barons laying hold and attending thereupon1 to keepe all persons from approching neere unto their emperour4 ,upon the chariot two milke-white jer-falcons doe sit1 and seeing any game which hee would take1 hee letteth them fly1 and so they take it1 and after this maner doeth hee solace himselfe as hee rideth4 ,moreover1 no man dare come within a stone's cast of the chariot1 but such as are appointed4 ,the number of his owne followers1 of his wives attendants1 and of the traine of his first begotten sonne and heire apparent1 would seem incredible to any man2 unless he had first seene it with his owne eyes4 ,the foresayd great ,can hath divided his ,empire into twelue parts or provinces1 and one of the said provinces hath two thousand great cities within the precincts thereof4 ,whereupon his empire is of that length and breadth1 that unto whatsoever part thereof he intendeth his journey1 he hath space enough for six moneths continual progress1 except his islands which are at the least #ejjj4 ,of certaine ,innes or hospitals appointed for traveilers throughout the whole empire4 ,,the foresayd ,emperor 7to the end that travailers may haue all things necessary throughout his whole empire7 hath caused certaine ,innes to be provided in sundry places upon the highwayes1 where all things pertaining unto victuals are in a continuall readinesse4 ,and when any alteration or newes happen in any part of his ,empire1 if he chance to be farre absent from that part1 his ambassadors upon horses or dromedaries ride post unto him1 and when themselves and their beaste are weary1 they blowe their horne1 at the noise whereof1 the next ,inne likewise provideth a horse and a man1 who takes the letter from him that is weary1 and runneth unto another ,inne3 and so by divers ,innes1 and divers postes1 the report1 which ordinarily could skarce come in #cj dayes1 is in one naturall day brought unto the ,emperour3 and therefore no matter of any moment can be done in his empire1 but straightway he hath intelligence of it4 ,moreouer when the great ,can himselfe will go on hunting1 he useth this custome4 ,some #bj days journey from the citie of ,kambaleth there is a forrest containing six dayes journey in circuit1 in which forrest there are so many kinds of beasts and birds as it is incredible to report4 ,unto this forrest1 at the ende of euery thirde or fourthe yeere1 himself with his whole traine resorteth1 and they all of them together environ the said forrest1 sending dogs into the same1 which by hunting doe bring foorth the beasts3 namely lions and stags1 and other creatures1 unto a most beautifull plaine in the midst of the forrest1 because all the beasts of the forrest doe tremble1 especially at the cry of hounds4 ,then cometh the great ,can himselfe1 being caried upon three elephants1 and shooteth fiue arrowes into the whole herd of beasts1 and after him all his ,barons1 and after them the rest of his courtiers and family doe all in like maner discharge their arrowes also1 and euery mans arrow hath a sundry marke4 ,then they all goe unto the beasts which are slaine 7suffering the living beasts to returne into the wood that they may haue more sport with them another time7 and euery man enjoyeth that beast as his owne1 wherein he findeth his arrow sticking4 ,of the foure feasts which the great ,can solemnizeth euery yeere in his court4 ,,foure great feasts in a yeere doeth the emperor ,can celebrate3 namely the feast of his birth1 the feast of his circumcision1 the feast of his coronation1 and the feast of his mariage4 ,and unto these feasts he inviteth all his ,barons1 his stage players1 and all such as are of his kinred4 ,then the great ,can sitting in his throne1 all his ,barons present themselves before him1 with wreaths and crowns upon their heads1 being diversely attired1 for some of them are in greene1 namely the principall3 the seconde are in red1 and the third in yellow3 and they hold each man in his hand a little ,ivorie table of elephants tooth1 and they are girt with golden girdles of halfe a foote broad1 and they stand upon their feete keeping silence4 ,about them stand the stage-players or musicians with their instruments4 ,and in one of the corners of a certaine great pallace1 all the ,philosophers or ,magicians remaine for certaine howers1 and do attend upon points or characters2 and when the point and hower which the sayd ,philosophers expected for1 is come1 a certain crier crieth out with a loud voice1 saying1 ,incline or bowe your selves before your ,emperour2 with that all the ,barons fall flat upon the earth4 ,then hee crieth oute againe3 ,arise all1 and immediately they all arise4 ,likewise the ,philosophers attend upon a point or character the second time1 and when it is fulfilled the crier crieth out amaine3 ,put your fingers in your eares2 and foorthwith againe he saieth3 ,plucke them out4 ,againe1 at the third point he crieth1 ,boult this meale4 ,many other circumstances also doe they performe1 all which they say haue some certaine signification1 howbeit neither would ,i write them1 nor giue any heed unto them1 because they are vaine and ridiculouse4 ,and when the musicians houre is come1 then the ,philosophers say1 ,solemnize a feast unto your ,lord3 with that all of them sound their instruments1 making a great and melodious noise4 ,and immediately another crieth1 ,peace1 ,peace1 and they are all whist4 ,then come the women-musicians1 and sing sweetly before the ,emperour1 which musike was more delightfull unto me4 ,after them come in the lions and doe their obeisance unto the great ,can4 ,then the juglers cause golden cups full of wine to flie up and downe in the ayre to apply themselves unto mens mouths that they may drinke of them4 ,these any many other strange things ,i sawe in the court of the great ,can1 which no man would beleeve unlesse he had seen them with his owne eies1 and therefore ,i omit to speake of them4 ,i was informed also by certaine credible persons of another miraculous thing1 namely1 that in a certaine ,kingdome of the sayd ,can1 wherein stand the mountains called ,kapsei 7the ,kingdomes name is ,kalor7 there groweth great ,gourds or ,pompions1#a which being ripe1 doe open at the tops1 and within them is found a little beast like unto a yong lambe1 even as ,i my selfe have heard reported1 that there stand certain trees upon the shore of the ,irish ,sea1 bearing fruit like unto a gourd1 which at a certaine time of the yeere doe fall into the water1 and become birds called ,bernacles1 and this is most true4 ,footnote #a3 ,pumpkins4 ,of divers provinces cities1 ,,and after three yeeres ,i departed out of the empire of ,cataie1 traveiling fiftie dayes journey towards the ,west4 ,and at length ,i came unto the empire of ,pretegoani1#a whose principall citie is ,kasan1 which hath many cities under it4 ,from thence passing many dayes travel ,i came unto a province called ,casan1 which is for good commodities1 one of the onely provinces under the ,sunne1 is very well inhabited1 insomuch that when we depart out of the gates of one city we may beholde the gates of another city1 as ,i myselfe sawe in divers of them4 ,the breadth of the said province is #ej dayes journey and the length aboue sixtie4 ,in it there is great plenty of all victuals1 and especially of chesnuts1 and it is one of the twelve provinces of the great ,can4 ,going on further1 ,i came unto a certaine ,kingdome called ,tebek1#b which is in subjection unto the great ,can also1 wherein ,i thinke there is more plenty of bread and wine then in any other part of the worlde besides4 ,the people of the sayd countrey do1 for the most part1 inhabit in tents made of blacke felt4 ,their principall city is invironed with faire and beautifull walls1 being built of most white and blacke stones1 which are disposed checkerwise one by another1 and curiously compiled together3 likewise all the high wayes in this countrey are exceedingly well paved4 ,in the said countrey none dare shed the bloud of a man1 or of any beast1 for the reverence of a certaine idol4 ,in the aforesayd citie their ,abassi1 that is to say1 their ,pope is resident1 being the head and prince of all idolaters 7upon whom he bestoweth and distributeth gifts after his maner7 euen as our ,pope of ,rome accounts himselfe to be the head of all ,christians4 ,the ,women of this countrey weare aboue an hundreth tricks trifles about them1 and they haue two teeth in their mouthes as long as the tuskes of a boare4 ,when any mans father deceaseth among them1 his sonne assembleth together all the priests and musicians that he can get1 saying that he is determined to honour his father3 then causeth he him to be caried into the field 7all his kinsfolks1 friends1 and neighbours1 accompanying him in the sayd action7 where the priests with great solemnity cut off the fathers head1 giving it unto his sonne1 which being done1 they divide the whole body into morsels1 and so leaue it behinde them1 returning home with prayers in the company of the said sonne4 ,so soone as they are departed1 certain vultures1 which are accustomed to such bankets1 come flying from the mountains1 and cary away all the sayd morsels of flesh3 and from thenceforth a fame is spread abroad1 that the sayd party deceased was holy1 because the angels of ,god carried him into paradise4 ,and this is the greatest and highest honour1 that the sonne can devise to performe unto his father4 ,then the sayd sonne taketh his fathers head1 seething it and eating the flesh thereof1 but of the skull he maketh a drinking cup1 wherein himselfe with all his family and kinred do drinke with great solemnitie and mirth1 in the remembrance of his dead and devoured father4 ,many other vile and abominable things doth the sayd nation commit1 which ,i meane not to write because men neither can nor will beleeve1 except they should haue a sight of them4 ,footnote #a3 ,prester ,john4 ,footnote #b3 ,or ,thibet4 ,of a certaine riche man1 who is fed and nourished by #ej virgins4 ,,while ,i was in the province of ,mancy1 ,i passed by the palace of a certaine famous man1 which hath fifty virgin damosels continually attending upon him1 feeding him euery meale as a bird feeds her yoong ones4 ,also he hath sundry kinds of meat served in at his table and three dishes of ech kinde3 and when the said virgins feed him1 they singe most sweetly4 ,this man hath in yeerely revenues thirty thuman of tagars of rise1 euery of which thuman yeeldeth tenne thousand tagars1 and one tagar is the burthen of an asse4 ,his palace is two miles in circuit1 the pavement thereof is one plate of golde and another of silver4 ,neere unto the wall of the sayd palace there is a mount artificially wrought with golde and silver1 whereupon stand turrets and steeples1 and other delectable things for the solace and recreation of the foresayd great man4 ,and it was tolde me that there were foure such men in the sayd kingdome4 ,it is accounted a great grace for the men of that countrey to haue long nailes upon their fingers1 and especially upon their thumbes which nailes they may folde about their handes3 but the grace and beauty of their women is to haue small and slender feet3 and therefore the mothers when their daughters are yoong1 do binde up their feete that they may not grow great4 ,travelling on further towards the ,south1 ,i arrived at a certain countrey called ,melistorte1 which is a pleasant and fertile place4 ,in this countrey was a certain aged man called ,senex de monte1 who round about two mountaines had built a wall to inclose the said mountaines4 ,within this wall there were the fairest and most chrystall fountaines in the whole world3 and about the sayd fountaines there were the most beautifull virgins in great number1 and goodly horses also1 and in a word1 euery thing that could be devised for bodily solace and delight1 and therefore the inhabitants of the countrey call the same place by the name of ,paradise4 ,the olde ,senex1 when he saw any proper and valiant yoong man1 he would admit him into his paradise4 ,moreover by certain conducts he makes wine and milke to flow abundantly4 ,this ,senex when he hath a minde to revenge himselfe or to slay any king or baron1 commandeth him who is governor of the sayd paradise1 to bring thereunto some of the acquaintance of the sayd king or baron1 permitting him a while to take his pleasure therein1 and then to give him a certaine potion being of force1 to cast him into such a slumber as should make him quite voide of all sense1 and so being in a profound sleepe to convey him out of his paradise3 who being awakened and seeing himselfe thrust out of the paradise1 would become so sorrowfull1 that he could not in the world devise what to do1 or whither to turne him4 ,then would he goe unto the foresaid old man1 beseeching him that he might be admitted again into his paradise1 who saith unto him1 ,you cannot be admitted thither1 unlesse you will slay such or such a man for my sake1 if you will giue the attempt onely1 whether you kill him or no1 ,i will place you againe in paradise1 that there you may remain always3 then would the party without faile put the same in execution1 indevouring to murther all those against whom the old man had conceived any hatred4 ,and therefore all the kings of the east stood in awe of the sayd olde man1 and gaue unto him great tribute4 ,of the death of ,senex de monte4 ,,and when the ,tartars had subdued a great part of the world1 they came unto the sayd olde man1 and tooke from him the custody of his paradise3 who being incensed thereat1 sent abroad divers desperate and resolute persons out of his forenamed paradise1 and caused many of the ,tartarian nobles to be slaine4 ,the ,tartars seeing this1 went and beseiged the citie wherein the sayd olde man was1 tooke him1 and put him to a most cruell and ignominious death4 ,the friers in that place haue this special gift and prerogative1 namely1 that by the vertue of the name of ,christ ,jesu1 in the vertue of his precious blood1 which he shedde upon the crosse for the salvation of mankinde1 they doe cast foorth devils out of them that are possessed4 ,and because there are many possessed men in those parts1 they are bound and brought ten dayes journey unto the sayd friers1 who being dispossessed of the uncleane spirits1 do presently beleeve in ,christ1 who delivered them1 accounting him for their ,god1 and being baptised in his name1 and also delivering immediately unto the friers all their idols and the idols of their cattell1 which are commonly made of felt or of womens haire3 then the sayd friers kindle a fire in a publicke place 7whereunto the people resort1 that they may see the false gods of their neighbors burnt71 and cast the sayd idols thereinto3 howbeit at first those idols came out of the fire againe4 ,then the friers sprinkled the sayd fire with holy water1 casting in the idols the second time1 and with that the devils fled in the likenesse of black smoake1 and the idols still remained till they were consumed unto ashes4 ,afterward1 this noise and outcry was heard in the ayre3 ,beholde and see how ,i am expelled out of my habitation4 ,and by these means the friers doe baptise great multitudes1 who presently revolt againe unto their idols2 insomuch that the sayd friers must eftsoones1 as it were1 underprop them1 and informe them anew4 ,there was another terrible thing which ,i saw there3 for passing by a certaine valley1 which is situate beside a pleasant river1 ,i saw many dead bodies1 and in the said valley also ,i heard divers sweet sounds and harmonies of musike1 especially the noise of citherns1 whereat ,i was greatly amazed4 ,this valley conteineth in length seven or eight miles at the least1 into the which whosoeuer entreth1 dieth presently1 and can by no means passe aliue thorow the middest thereof2 for which cause all the inhabitants thereabout decline unto the one side4 ,moreover1 ,i was tempted to go in to see what it was4 ,at length1 making my prayers and recommending my selfe to ,god in the name of ,jesu1 ,i entred1 and saw such swarmes of dead bodies there1 as no man would beleeve unless he were an eyewitnesse thereof4 ,at the one side of the foresayde valley upon a certaine stone1 ,i saw the visage of a man1 which behelde me with such a terrible aspect that ,i thought verily ,i should haue died in the same place4 ,but alwayes this sentence1 the word became flesh1 and dwelt amomgst us1 ,i ceased not to pronounce1 signing my selfe with the signe of the crosse1 and neerer than seven to eight pases ,i durst not approach unto the sayd head3 but ,i departed fled unto another place in the sayd valley1 ascending up into a little sande mountaine1 where looking about1 ,i saw nothing but the sayd citherns1 which methought ,i heard miraculously sounding and playing by themselves without the helpe of musicians4 ,and being upon the toppe of the mountaine1 ,i found silver there like the scales of fishes in great abundance1 and ,i gathered some part thereof into my bosome to shew for a wonder1 but my conscience rebuking me1 ,i cast it upon the earth1 reserving no whit at all unto my selfe1 and so1 by ,god's grace ,i departed without danger4 ,and when the men of the countrey knew that ,i was returned out of the valley alive1 they reverenced me much1 saying that ,i was baptised and holy1 and that the foresayd bodies were men subject unto the devils infernall who used to play upon citherns1 to the end they might allure people to enter1 and so murther them4 ,thus much concerning these things which ,i beheld most certainly with mine eyes1 ,i frier ,odoricus haue heere written3 many strange things also ,i haue of purpose omitted1 because men will not beleeue them unlesse they should see them4 ,of the honour and reverence done unto the great ,can4 ,i ,,will report one thing more1 which ,i saw1 concerning the great ,can4 ,it is an usuall custome in those parts1 that when the foresayd ,can traveileth thorow any countrey1 his subjects kindle fires before their doores1 casting spices thereinto to make a perfume1 that their lord passing by may smell the sweet and delectable odours thereof1 and much people come forth to meet him4 ,and upon a certaine time when he was comming towardes ,cambaleth1 the fame of his approch being published1 a bishop of ours with certaine of our minorite friers and myselfe went two dayes journey to meet him3 and being come nigh unto him1 we put a crosse upon wood4 ,i my selfe having a censer in my hand1 and began to sing with a loud voice3 ,veni creator spiritus4 ,and as we were singing on this wise he caused us to be called1 commanding us to come unto him3 notwithstanding 7as it is above mentioned7 that no man dare approche within a stones cast of his chariot1 unlesse he be called1 but such onely as keep his chariot4 ,and when we came neare unto him1 he vailed his hat or bonet being of an inestimable price1 doing reverence unto the crosse4 ,and immediately ,i put incense into the censour1 and our bishop taking the censer perfumed him1 and gaue him his benediction4 ,moreouer1 they that come before the said ,can1 do alwayes bring some oblation to present unto him1 observing the ancient law3 ,thou shalt not appear in my presence with an empty hand4 ,and for that cause we carried apples with us1 and offered them in a platter with reverence unto him3 and taking out two of them he did eate some part of one4 ,and then he signified unto us1 that we should go apart1 lest the horses comming on might in ought offend us4 ,with that we departed from him1 and turned aside1 going unto certaine of his barons1 which had been converted to the faith by certaine friers of our order1 being at the same time in his army3 and we offered unto them of the foresayd apples1 who received them at our hands with great joy1 seeming unto us to be as glad1 as if we had giuen them some great gift4 ,all the premisses above written frier ,william de ,solanga hath put downe in writing euen as the foresayd frier ,odoricus uttered them by word of mouth1 in the yeere of our ,lord #accj in the moneth of ,may1 and in the place of ,s4 ,anthony of ,padua4 ,neither did he regard to write them in difficult ,latine1 or in an eloquent style1 but even as ,odoricus himselfe rehearsed them1 to the end that men might the more easily understand the things reported4 ,i ,odoricus frier1 of ,friuli1 of a certaine territory called ,portus ,vahonis1 and of the order of the minorites1 do testifie and beare witnesse unto the reverend father ,guidotus minister of the province of ,s4 ,anthony1 in the marquisate of ,treviso 7being by him required upon mine obedience so to doe7 that all the premisses above written1 either ,i saw with mine owne eyes1 or heard the same reported by credible and substantiall persons4 ,the common report also of the countreys where ,i was1 testifieth those things1 which ,i saw1 to be true4 ,many other things ,i haue omitted because ,i behelde them not with my owne eyes4 ,howbeit from day to day ,i purpose with my selfe to travell countreys or lands1 in which action ,i dispose myselfe to die or to live1 as it shall please my ,god4 ,of the death of frier ,odoricus4 ,,in the yeere therefore of our ,lord #acca the foresayd frier ,odoricus preparing himselfe for the performance of his intended journey1 that his travel and labour might be to greater purpose1 he determined to present himselfe unto ,pope ,john the two and twentieth1 whose benediction and obedience being received1 he with a certaine number of friers willing to beare him company might convey himselfe unto all the countreys of infidels4 ,and as he was travelling toward the pope1 and not farre distant from the city of ,pisa1 there meets him by the waye a certaine olde man1 in the habit and attire of a pilgrime1 saluting him by name and saying3 ,all haile frier ,odoricus4 ,and when the frier demaunded how he had knowledge of him3 he answered3 ,whilest you were in ,india ,i knew you full well1 yea1 and ,i knew your holy purpose also3 but see that you returne immediately unto the coven#a from where you came1 for tenne dayes hence you shall depart out of this present world4 ,wherefore being astonished and amazed at these words1 7especially the olde man vanishing out of his sight1 presently after he had spoken them7 he determined to returne4 ,and so he returned in perfect health feeling no crazedness nor infirmity of body4 ,and being in his coven at ,udene in the province of ,padua1 the tenth daye after the foresayd vision1 having received the ,communion1 and preparing himselfe unto ,god1 yea1 being strong and sound of body1 hee happily rested in the ,lord3 who sacred departure was signified unto the ,pope aforesaid1 under the hand of the publique notary in these words following4 ,in the yeere of our ,lord #acca1 the #ad day of ,januarie1 ,beatus ,odoricus a ,frier minorite deceased in ,christ1 at whose prayers ,god shewed many and sundry miracles1 which ,i ,guetelus publique notarie of ,utina1 sonne of ,m4 ,damianus de ,porto ,gruaro at the commandment and direction of the honorable ,conradus of the ,borough of ,gastaldion1 and one of the ,councell of ,utina1 haue written as faithfully as ,i could1 and haue delivered a copie thereof unto the friers minorites1 howbeit not of all1 because they are innumerable1 and too difficult for me to write4 ,footnote #a3 ,convent4 ,decoration ,,woodcuts ,,selected ,,from ,,other ,,editions ,,showing ,,the ,,different ,,treatment ,,of ,,the ,,same ,,subjects4 ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,decoration ,,list ,,of ,,the ,,editions ,,of ,,the ,,voyages ,,and ,,travels ,,of ,,sir ,,john ,,mandeville ,,now 7#ahhd7 ,,in ,,the ,,british ,,museum4 ,,chronologically ,,arranged4 ,,mss4 ,,egerton ,,mss4 #fgb4 ,johannis de ,maundevilla ,itinerarium ad partes ,ierusolumitanas1 c4 ,vellum1 #ad ,cent41 small #do4 ,grenville ,,xxxix4 ,a #ad ,cent4 ,,ms4 fol4 on vellum in double columns1 which evidently has belonged to one of the ,french ,royal ,libraries1 as the binding testifies4 ,it commences ,ci comence le liure qui parle des diuersits des pais qui sunt par universe monde3 le quel liure fut compile par mesire ,jehan ,mandeuille chlr ne dangleterre de la uille con dit ,saint ,albain4 ,harl4 #cied4 ,a ,,ms4 on vellum1 end of #adth ,cent41 with unfinished illuminations2 fine copy4 ,sloane1 #adfd4 ,voyage in #acef4 ,vellum1 in ,french4 ,early #ae ,cent4 ,harl4 #bab 7#a74 ,le ,geste de ,sr ,john ,maundeville de ,mervailles de ,monde4 ,small #do4 ,french4 ,vellum4 ,early #ae ,cent4 ,,ms4 note at end seems to place it as having been written previous to #adbe4 ,harl4 #bab 7#b74 ,la ,copie de la ,lettre maunde ovesque cest ,escrit a tres noble ,prince ,monsire ,e4 de ,wyndesore ,roy d',engleterre1 et de ,fraunce1 par ,monsire ,johan de ,maundeville1 autour susdit4 ,cotton1 ,tit4 ,c4 #af4 ,english ,,ms4 #do4 ,vellum4 ,early #ae ,cent4 ,sloane1 #efj4 ,de la ,terre ,seinte1 que houme l'appelle ,terre de ,promissionis de ,ierusalem4 ,vellum4 ,french4 #ae ,cent4 ,add4 ,,mss4 #ag1cce4 ,travels of ,sir ,john de ,mandeville translated into ,german by ,otto von ,diemeringen1 ,canon of ,metz4 ,vellum and paper1 #ae ,cent41 with coloured drawings4 ,fol4 ,add4 ,,mss4 #aj1abi4 ,the ,voyages and ,travels of ,sir ,john ,mandeville2 in ,german4 ,on paper4 #ae ,cent4 ,fol4 ,egerton ,,mss4 #aihb4 ,ye buke of 7the voiage and travaile of ,sir7 ,john ,maundeville4 ,the text differs considerably from that of the printed editions1 and the prologue does not include the apocryphal passage found in ,cotton ,,ms4 ,titus ,c4 xvi41 in which the author states that he translated the work from ,latin into ,french1 and from ,french into ,english4 ,vellum4 #ae ,cent4 ,on the fly-leaf1 f1 #b1 is a note by ,e4 ,hill1 ,m4,d41 #bb ,mar4 #ahjc1 stating that on a leaf of paper pasted on the inside of the old cover1 was written1 ,thys fayre ,boke ,i have fro the ,abbey of ,saint ,albons in thys yeare of our ,lord ,m4,,cccclxxxx the sixte daye of ,apryll4 ,willyam ,caxton1 together with the name of ,richard ,tottyl1 #aegi1 by whose descendant1 the ,rev4 ,hugh ,tuthill1 the book was given to ,e4 ,hill4 ,small quarto4 ,harl4 #hb 7#d74 ,itinerarium ,d4 ,joannis de ,maundevyle ,militis1 ,greek3 akephaloi1 et in fine ,truncatum4 ,vellum1 fol4 #ae ,cent4 ,in ,latin4 ,harl4 #age4 ,itinerarium ,di ,johannis de ,maundeville ,militis1 de ,mirabilibus ,mundi4 ,in ,latin1 #ae ,cent4 #abo4 ,vellum4 ,harl4 #bjd4 ,in ,french4 ,on vellum4 #do4 #ae ,cent4 ,on the last page is a copy of the letter to ,edward ,,iii4 ,harl4 #cehi 7#b74 ,a ,latin ,,ms4 commencing ,incipit ,itinerarius magistri ,johannis de ,mandevelt ad partes ,hierosolymitanas1 et ulteriores partes transmarinas2 qui obiit ,leodii ,a4,d4 #achb4 ,paper4 #ae ,cent4 ,harl4 #cidj4 ,le ,livre de ,jeh4 de ,mandeville1 chevalier1 le queil fut ney du pais d'engleterre1 le queil parle de l'estat de la terre1 et de marveilles que il y a veues4 #ae ,cent4 ,vellum4 ,french4 #do4 ,harl4 #dchc4 ,voiage de ,d4 ,jean ,maundeville4 #ae ,cent4 ,vellum4 ,french4 ,fol4 ,harl4 #agci4 ,a ,french #do ,,ms4 of #ae ,cent4 on vellum and paper1 with letter to ,edward ,,iii41 in ,latin1 at the end4 ,arundel1 #adj 7#b74 ,english ,,ms4 ,fol4 ,paper1 #ae ,cent41 ending ,her endys the boke of ,johne ,maundevile1 ,knyghte1 of wayes to ,ierusalem and of merveyles of ,ynde and othere contrees4 ,add4 ,,mss4 #ah1jbf4 ,the ,voyages and ,travels of ,sir ,john ,mandeville ,knight2 translated into ,german1 and written by ,johann ,segnitz de ,castel4 #addi4 ,paper4 #do4 ,egerton ,,mss4 #agha1 f4 #abi4 ,translation into ,irish of the ,travels of ,sir ,john ,mandeville made by ,fineen ,mac ,mahon in #adge4 ,cotton1 ,app4 #d1 art4 #b4 ,iter4 ,johannis ,mandevill4 ,vellum4 ,small fol41 in ,latin4 ,late #ae ,cent4 ,grenville ,,xii4 ,an ,english ,,ms4 on paper1 fol41 end of #ae ,cent41 commencing ,here begynth the boke of ,moundevyle ,knyzt that techyth the weyes to ,jeslm and of the ,meruelis of ynde and of the londe of ,pst ,john1 and of the grete ,cham4 and of ,constantinople and of many oder ,contreys4 ,decoration ,,printed ,,editions4 ,,grenville1 #fgge4 ,this is1 probably1 the oldest printed ,mandeville extant1 certainly the oldest dated copy1 except a folio copy printed at ,lyons on the #hth day of ,february of the same year1 and there was also an ,italian #do edition previously printed at ,milan4 ,as far as is known this copy is unique1 and it is in ,b4 ,l4 double columns1 fol4 ,it has1 unfortunately1 no name of printer1 nor place of publication4 ,ce liure est eppelle mandeuille et fut fait et compose par monsieur jehan de mandeuille cheualier natif dangleterre de la uille de sainct alein4#a ,et parle de la terre de promission cest assauoir de ierusalem et de pluseurs autres isles de mer et les diuerses et estranges choses qui sont es dites isles4 ,cy finist ce tres plaisant liure nome ,mande ville parlant moult autentiquement du pays et terre doultre mer ,et fut fait lan ,mil4 ,,cccclxxx le ,,iiii iour dauril4 ,folio4 ,b4 ,l4 ,grenville1 #fgjb4 ,itinerario4 ,explicit ,johannes de ,mandeuilla impressus ,mediolani ductu et auspiciis ,magistri ,petri de corneno pridie calendas augusti ,,mcccclxxx4 #do4 ,b4 ,l4 ,this is said to be the first ,italian edition4 ,grenville1 #fgjj4 ,itinerarius ,domini ,johannis de ,mandeville militis4 ,this is a curious edition1 printed in semi-,gothic ,letter1 and is the first known of the ,latin editions4 ,its date is unknown1 as is also the place where it was printed1 but its date is fixed circa #adhj4 ,c4 #cb1 m4 #e4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the travels of ,sir ,j4 ,m4 translated into ,dutch4 ,g4 ,l4 7no place74 #adgj8 ,fol4 #eff1 f4 #f_/a4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,beginning 7fol4 #d1 verso7 ,liber pris cui auctor fert johanes de madeville militari ordis1 agit de divers patrijs1 etc4 ,g4 ,l4 ,alosta8 #adgh8 #do4 ,imperfect4 ,grenville1 #fggd4 ,hie hebt sich an das pch 7sic7 des ,ritters herz ,hannsen von ,monte ,villa4 ,gedrucht z ,augspurg von hannsen schnsperger am freitag nach ,galli4 ,anno domini 7,,mcccclxxxii74 ,fol4 ,grenville1 #fggc4 ,johannes von ,mondeuilla1 ,ritter4 ,getruckt z ,strassburg ,johannes ,prssz4 #adhd4 ,fol4 ,b4 ,l4 ,this is a very rare ,german edition1 and is attributed to ,michelfeld or ,michelfelser4 ,grenville1 #fgbh_/c4 ,explicit ,itinerarius a terra ,anglie in partes ,ierosolymitanas et in vlteriores transmarinas editus primo in lingua gallicana a domino ,johanne de ,mandeville milite suo auctore4 ,anno incarnacionis domini ,,mccclv in civitate leodiensi et paulo post in ,eadem civitate translatus in dictam forinam latinam4 ,quod opus ubi inceptum simul et completum sit ip elementa seu singularum seorsum caracteres literarum quibus impressum vides venatica1 monstrant manifeste4 #do4#b #ghi1 a4 #ai4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,tractato de le piu maravegliose cose e piu notabile che si trovino i le parte del mondo reducte e colte sotto brevita in lo psente compedio dal strenuissimo cavalier a speron doro ,j4 de ,mandavilla anglico1 c4 ,g4 ,l4 p4 ,u4 ,rugeriu bo7oni74 #adhh4 #do4 ,grenville1 #fgjc4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels printed at ,bologna1 per mi ,ugo di ,rugerii4 #adhh4 #do4 ,b4 ,l4 ,grenville1 #fgjd4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels1 printed at ,venice1 per mi ,nicolo de li ferari de pralormo4 #adia4 #do4 ,b4 ,l4 ,c4 #d1 h4 ,,ii4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,joanne de ,mandavilla4 ,g4 ,l4 ,nicolo de li ferari de pralormo4 ,venetia1 #adia4 #do4 ,grenville1 #fgje4 ,tractato belissmo1 delle piu marivigliose cose1 c4 scripte dallo cavaliere asperondoro ,giov4 ,mandavilla ,frazese ridocto in lingua thoscana4 ,impresso ne la cipta di ,firenze1 per ,lorenzo de ,morgiani et ,giovanni da ,maganza4 ,adi ,,vii4 di ,giugno ,,mdcccclxxxxii4 #do4 ,this edition is very rare4 ,grenville1 #fgjf4 ,johanne de ,mandauilla4 ,bologna1 per mi ,joanne jacobo et ,joanne antonio di benedetti da ,bologna4 #adib4 #do4 ,b4 ,l4 ,grenville1 #fgji4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels1 printed at ,milan1 per ,uldericho ,scinzenzeler4 #adig4 #do4 ,b4 ,l4 ,grenville1 #fgjg4 ,a ,dutch copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels1 printed at ,antwerp bii nuy ,govaerdt ,back4 #adid4 #do4 ,b4 ,l4 ,grenville1 #ffii4 ,itinerarius in partes ,iherosolimitanas4 ,et in ultiores transmarinas4 ,b4 ,l4 #do4 ,there is no certainty when or where this was printed1 but it contains a ,,ms4 note attributing its production to ,p4 ,friedberg1 of ,maintz1 circa #adie4 ,grenville1 #fgac4 ,the boke of ,john ,maunduyle ,knyght of wayes to ,ierusalem and of maruelys of ynde and of other countrees1 ,emprented by ,richard ,pynson4 #do4 ,b4 ,l4 ,this is considered the oldest ,english printed version extant1 older even than that of ,wynkyn de ,worde's of #adii4 ,it is unfortunately undated4 ,pynson began to print #adic4 ,grenville1 #fgjh4 ,tractato1 etc4 ,venexia1 per ,maestro ,manfredo da ,monferato da ,streuo da ,bonello4 #adif4 #do4 #ghi1 a4 #bj4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller ,johanne de mandauilla4 ,tractato de le piu marauegliose cose e piu notabili che si trouino in le parte del mondo1 etc4 per ,maestro ,manfredo da ,mferato da streno de ,bonello4 ,venice1 #adif4 #do4 #ajj #gg1 b4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,johanne de mandavilla4 ,tractato de le piu maravegliose cose e piu notabile che se trouino in le parte del mdo1 etc4 ,g4 ,l4 ,stapado p ,ulfrycho scienzezeler1 ,mila4 #adi7g74 #do4 ,grenville1 #fgaj4 ,che tracta de le piu marauegliose cose e piu notabile che si trouyns in le parte del ,mondo4 ,bologna1 per mi ,piero et ,jacobo fratelli da ,campii1 #adig4 #do4 ,b4,l4 ,c4 #cb1 e4 #b_/b4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,johannis de montevilla ,itinerari in partes ,iherosolimitanas4 ,et in ulteriores transmarinas4 ,g4,l4 #aejj8 #do4 ,grenville1 #fgaa4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels4 ,impressa in ,venetia1 per ,zuan ,baptista ,sessa4 ,anno #aejd4 ,adi #bi1 ,luio4 #do4 ,b4,l4 #bhj1 f4 #cb4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,i4 de ,mandavilla4 ,tractato de la piu maraviliose cose e piu notabili che si trovino in le parte del monde redutte4444 sotto brevita in lo presente compendio1 etc4 ,manfredo da sustrevo dac ,bonis4 ,venezia1 #aeje4 #ho4 #adh1 c4 #c4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,von 4 der4 erfarung 4 des4 streugen 4 ,ritters 4 johannes 4 v 4 montaville4 ,g4 ,l4 ,j4 ,knoblouch4 ,strassburg1 #aejg4 #do4 ,grenville1 #fgja4 ,tractato bellissimo delle piu marauigliose cose1 et piu notabile che si trouino nelle parte del mondo4 ,impresso nella excelsa cipta di ,firenze appetitione di ,ser ,piero da ,pescia1 etc4 ,circa1 #aeab4 #do4 ,grenville1 #fgab4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels printed at ,milan1 per ,rocho et fratelli da ,valle4 #aeag4 #do4 ,b4 ,l4 ,grenville1 #ffef4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandevilles travels1 printed at ,venice1 per ,marchio ,sessa e ,piero de rauani4 #aeba4 #ho4 #ajea1 c4 #a_/a4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,i4 de ,mandavilla1 qual tratta della piu maravegliose cose e piu notabile che si trovino1 etc4 ,venetia1 #aecg4 #ho4 #efg1 i4 #e4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,juan de ,mandavila4 ,libro de las ,marauillas del mundo y del viage d' la tierra santa di ,hierusale de todas las provincias hombres monstrussos que hayen las ,indias4 ,g4 ,l4 ,valencia1 #aedj1 fol4 #adi1 e4 #f4 ,libro de las maravillas del mondo que trata del viage de la ,tierra ,santa de ,hierusalem y de todas las provincias y ,ciudades de las ,indias y de los hombres mostruosos que ay en el mundo4 ,alcala de ,heuares4 #aedg1 fol4 #ajgd1 k4 #d_/a4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,maistre ,iehan ,mandeville ,chevalier natif du pays ,dangleterre1 lequel parle des grandes ,adventures des pays estrange1 tant par mer1 que par terre4444 ,ensemble la terre de promission du sainct voyage de ,hierusalem4 ,g4 ,l4 ,jehan ,bonfons4 ,paris1 #aefj8 #do4 ,grenville1 #ffeg4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels4 ,nel quale si contengono di molte cose maravigliose4 ,venetia1 #aefg4 #ho4 #ajdf1 a4 #bf_/d4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,i4 de ,mandavilla1 nel quale si contengono di molte cose maravigliose1 etc4 ,venetia1 #aefg4 #ho4 #ajde1 h4 #b4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the ,voiage and travayle of ,syr ,i4 ,m4 which treateth of the way toward ,hierusalem1 and of marvayles of ,inde1 with other ,ilands and ,countryes4 ,b4 ,l4 ,lond4 #aefh4 #ho4 #aj1jgf1 a4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,reysen und ,wander schafften1 durch das ,gelobte ,land1 ,indien und ,persien1 dess 444 ,ritters ,j4 de ,montevilla 444 von ihm in ,frantzsischer unnd ,lateinischer ,sprach 444 beschrieben4 ,nachmals durch ,o4 von ,dameringer 444 verteutscht 444 auffs neuw corrigieret und mit 444 ,figuren gezieret4 ,franckfurt am ,mayn1 #aehj4 #ho4 #gij1 m4 #af4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,reysen ins gelobte ,land 444 ,persien1 ,indien1 ,tartary1 etc4 #aehd1 fol4 ,grenville1 #fgad4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels in ,english1 unfortunately mutilated1 said to be probably printed by ,thomas ,east or ,este#b--;but it is unlike his type--and the engravings are totally different4 #gia1 l4 #ab4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,reysen 444 durch das gelobte ,landt1 ,indien1 und ,persien1 etc4 #afji1 fol4 ,grenville1 #fgae4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels4 ,wherein is set downe the way to the ,holy ,land1 and to ,hierusalem3 as also to the land of the great ,caane1 and of ,prester ,john2 to ,inde1 and diuers other countries3 together with the many and strange ,meruailes therein4 ,london1 by ,thomas ,stansby4 #afah4 #do4 ,b4 ,l4 #aj1jef1 bbb_/#b4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,de wonderlijcke ,reyse van ,i4 ,mandevijl1 be schrijvende eerst de ,reyse ende gheschiedenisse van den ,h4 ,lande4444 ,daer na de ghestaltenisse ende zeden van den ,lande van ,egipten1 ,syrien1 ,persen 444 ,indien1 ende ,ethiopien1 c4--t',amsterdam4 #afej4 #do4 ,grenville1 #fgaf4 ,voyages and travels1 wherein is set down the way to the ,holy ,land1 c4 ,london1 #afeg4 #do4 ,b4 ,l4 #gia1 l4 #be4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,reysen unnd ,wanderschafften durch das gelobte ,landt1 ,indien und ,persien 444 durch ,otto von ,demeringen 444 verteutscht4 #afei1 fol4 #aj1jee1 a4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the voyages and travels of ,sir ,j4 ,mandevile1 ,knight4 ,wherein is set down the way to the ,holy ,land1 and to ,hierusalem2 as also to the lands of the ,great ,caane1 and of ,prester ,john1 c4 7,woodcuts74 ,b4 ,l4 ,lond4 #afgj4 #do4 #ab1daj1 f4 #aj4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,de ,wonderlycke ,reyse van ,i4 ,mandevyl4 ,naer het ,h4 ,landt1 ghedan in 't ,jaer #acbb c4 ,antwerpen1 #afgg4 #do4 ,grenville1 #fgag4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels4 ,london1 for ,r4 ,scot1 #afhd4 #do4 #ajde1 h4 #cj4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the voyages of ,sir ,i4 ,m41 c4 ,b4 ,l4 ,lond4 #afhd4 #do4 ,grenville1 #fgah4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels4 ,london1 for ,r4 ,chiswell1 c4 #afif4 #do4 ,the woodcuts in this edition are the same as in ,grenville #fgag4 #ab1cae1 c4 #e_/d4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,des vortrefflich ,welt-,erfahrnen 444 ,ritters ,johannis de ,montevilla1 curieuse ,reiss-,beschreibung wie derselbe in das gelobte ,land1 ,palstinum1 ,jerusalem1 ,egypten1 ,trkey1 ,judam1 ,indien1 ,chinam1 ,persien1 angekommen1 und fast den ganzen ,erd-und ,welt4 ,kriebs durchzogen seye2 444 ,nunmehrins ,teutsche bersetzt 444 ,jetzt von neuem auferlegt1 vermehrt und verbessert1 c4 7no place named7 #agjj8 #ho4 #ajgg1 g4 #ce_/b4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the voyages and travels of ,sir ,j4 ,m41 c4 ,lond4 #agje4 #do4 #aj1jef1 c4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the voyages and travels of ,sir ,j4 ,mandevile 444 where in is set down the way to the ,holy ,land4444 ,as also to the lands of the ,great ,caan1 and of ,prester ,john2 to ,india1 and divers other countries1 c4 ,lond4 #agaj4 #do4 #aj1jee1 a4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the ,travels and voyages of ,sir ,j4 ,m41 c4 ,lond4 #agbj8 #abo4 ,grenville1 #bbdg4 ,another copy of ,sir ,john ,mandeville's travels4 ,london1 for ,j4 ,osborne4 7,a chap book47 ,no date 8 #agbj-cj4 #abo4 #fhc1 f4 #ah4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the voiage and travaile of ,sir ,i ,maundevile1 which treateth of the way to ,hierusalem1 and of marvayles of ,inde1 with other ilands1 and countreyes4 ,now publish'd entire from an original ,,ms4 in the ,cotton ,library4 ,lond4 #agbe4 #ho4 ,note4 ,there is another title page1 with the date #agbg4 #adi1 b4 #h4 ,another edition of the same in the ,king's ,library--without the #agbg title page4 ,the ,grenville ,library also has copies of the #agbg edition of the ,cotton ,m4,s4 and ,halliwell's reprint of same1 edition #ahci4 #bab1 e4 #f4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,receuil ou abrg des voiages et observations de1 c4 7,receuil de divers ,voyages ,curieux1 c47 ,vol4 #b4 #agbi4 #do4 #dce1 a4 ,i4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the ,travels and ,voyages of ,sir ,i4 ,m4 ,lond4 #agcj8 #ho4 #ded1 f4 #f4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,see ,bergeron 7,p47 ,parisien ,voyages faits principalement en ,asie dans les ,,xii4 ,,xiii4 ,,xiv4 et ,,xv siecles1 c4 #agce4 #do4 #ajj1ef1 cc4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,de ,wonderlke ,reyse van ,ian ,mandevyl1 c4 ,amsterdam1 #agdb8 #do4 #gij1 b4 #cd4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,de wonderlyke ,reize van ,jan ,mandevyl1 c4 ,amsterdam #agej8 #do4 #ajgg1 i4 #ad_/bc4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the foreign travels of ,sir ,i4 ,m41 c4 7,a chap book47 ,aldermary ,church ,yard1 ,lond4 #agej8 #abo4 #aj1jef1 aa4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,de wonderlyke ,reize van ,ian ,mandevyl1 c4 ,amsterdam1 #agfj4 #do4 #aj1jee1 b4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,de wonderlyke ,reize von ,i4 ,mandevyl1 c4 ,amsterdam1 #aggi4 #do4 #ab1cae1 aaa4 #f_/c4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the foreign travels of ,sir ,i4 ,m41 c4 ,london1 #aghj8 #abo4 7,a chap book47 #abie1 c4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,de wonderlyke ,reyse van ,ian ,mandevyl1 naer het ,h4 ,land1 gedden in 't jaer #afbb 7#acbb7 444 ,menheeft desen nieuwen ,gendsehen ,druk van alle ,touten gesuyverd1 c4 ,gend4 #aghj8 #do4 #ajgf1 l4 #c_/ab4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the foreign travels and dangerous voyages of ,sir ,i4 ,m4 7,a chap book74 ,london1 #aghe8 #abo4 #bji1 h4 ,,ii4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,liber ,prsens 444 agit de diversis patriis 444 insulis1 ,turcia1 ,armenia1 c4 ,hakluyt's ,collection of the early ,voyages1 c4 ,vol4 #b4 #ahji1 c4 #do4 #gij1 g4 #ag4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the ,voiage and ,travaile of ,sir ,i4 ,maundeville 444 which treateth of the way to ,hierusalem2 and of ,marvayles of ,inde1 with other ,islands and ,countryes4 ,reprinted from the ,edition of ,a4,d4 #agbe1 with an ,introduction1 ,additional ,notes1 and ,glossary1 by ,j4 ,o4 ,halliwell4 ,lond4 #ahci4 #ho4 #hcf1 i4 #bc7;,i74 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,bibliographische ,untersuchungen ber die ,reise4 ,beschreibung des ,sir ,i4 ,m41 c4 #ahdj4 #do4 #baja1 a4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,early ,travels in ,palestine1 comprising the narratives of ,arculf1 ,willibald 444 ,sir ,i4 ,mandeville 7the latter entitled ,the ,book of ,sir ,i4 ,m4 ,a4,d4 #acbb-acef71 c4--,bohn's ,antiquarian ,library1 #ahdg1 c4 #ho4 #ajjg1 #f1 aa4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,des edlen engellndischen ,ritters 444 ,j4 v4 ,montevilla 444 ,reis ,beschreibung 444 von ,neueman's ,licht gestellt durch ,o4 ,f4 ,h4 ,schnhuth4 ,reutlingen1 #ahfe4 #ho4 #aj1jge1 g4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the ,voiage and ,travaile of ,sir ,j4 ,maundevile 444 ,reprinted from the edition of #agbe4 ,with an introduction1 additional notes1 and glossary1 by ,j4 ,o4 ,halliwell1 c4 ,lond4 #ahff4 #ho4 #aa1ijj1 bb4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,a ,translation of a portion of ,sir ,j4 ,m4's travels4 7,irish47 ,see ,todd 7,j4 ,h471 ,d4,d4 ,some account of the ,irish manuscript1 c4 #ahfg4 #ho4 #ab1bbf1 bbbb4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,i4 ,viaggi di ,g da ,mandavilla4 ,volgarizzamento antico ,toscano1 ora ridotto a buona lezione coll' ainto di due testi a penna per cura di ,f4 ,zambrini4 #b vols4 ,bologna1 ,imola 7printed7 #ahgj4 #ho4 #aj1jbg1 aaa4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 the ,traveller4 ,the ,english ,explorers1 c4 ,note4 ,forming part of ,nimmo's ,national ,library1 ,lond4 ,edinburgh 7printed71 #ahge4 #ho4 ,ac4 #ijeg4 ,mandeville 7,sir ,john7 ,the ,traveller4 ,mandevilles ,rejse1 p danok fra #ae;de rhundrede1444 udgiven af ,m4 ,lorenzen4 #ahha1 c4 #ho4 ,footnote #a3 ,st4 ,albans4 ,footnote #b3 ,this edition has no date1 but ,brunet says 7vol4 iii4 p4 #acei7 that it is printed from the same type used by ,gerard ,leeu at ,antwerp in #adhd or #adhe4 ,as ,graesse also confirms this1 ,i attribute that date to it4 ,footnote #c3 ,the dated works of ,est1 ,este1 ,east1 or ,easte range from #aefe to over #afjj4 ,decoration ,illustration3 ,logo ,,chiswick ,,press3--,c4 ,,whittingham ,,and ,,co41 ,,tooks ,,court1 ,,chancery ,,lane4 ,transcriber's ,note3 - - indicates italic print2 indicates bold print2 indicates ,old ,english font2 or indicates a superscript4 signifies a letter with a macron 7straight line over7 accent2 signifies a letter1 or letters1 with a tilde over1 usually indicating an omitted letter 7often 'n'74 u is small letter 'u' with ring above4 ,the spelling of this book is from the #adth ,century1 is often phonetic1 and is not necessarily consistent4 e4g41 'hear' 7auditory7 is also spelt 'here' and 'heare'2 'here' 7location7 is also spelt 'heere'1 'heare'2 'here' has also been used to spell 'hair'2 'were' is sometimes used for 'where'2 ',jhon' is ',john'1 etc4 'yt' usually means 'that'1 and 'ye' is 'the'4 'to' is used for 'to' and 'too'2 'by' for 'by' and 'buy'2 'of' for 'of' and 'off'2 and 'off' for 'off' and 'of'4444 'li' libre a pound 7both weight and money1 depending on context72 a groat #d pence2 a florin #b shillings4 ,a word or name can be spelt several ways in the same paragraph1 and names capitalised and non-capitalised in the same sentence4 ,apostrophes 7of ownership7 were sometimes present1 sometimes absent1 even in the same paragraph4 ,also1 7e4g473 'le ,,iiii iour dauril' 'le ,,iiii jour d'avril' the #dth day of ,april2 'natif dangleterre' 'natif d'angleterre' 'native of ,england'1 etc4 ,and ye shall understande that ,lothe was ,arons sone1 ,abraham's brother1 and ,sara ,abraham's wyfe was ,loths syster1 and ,sara was xc yere olde when she gate ,ysaac and ,abraham had another son named ,ismael that he had gotten on his mayden ,ager4 #adth century spellings have not been modernised4 'u' was often1 but not always1 printed for 'v' ,modern spelling rules did not apply until later in the reign of ,queen ,victoria 7#aith century74 ,many strange spellings of personal and place names have been explained by the author in the ,footnotes4 ,this book has many ,footnotes1 and the ,footnotes have been placed at the ends of their relevant ,chapters4 ,some missing or damaged punctuation has been repaired1 though punctuation was not always present4 ,some ,greek and ,latin typos have been corrected4 ,some illustrations which interrupted paragraphs have been moved to more appropriate places4 ,there are also some small 'glyphs' or small drawings at the ends of some chapters1 which have been placed after the footnotes for the relevant chapters1 thus following the layout of the book4 ,some illustrations have been re-used4 ,one illustration has been used multiple times4 ,this was common practice with ,chap ,book woodcuts1 which would have been hand-carved4 ,page xv3 ,the inscription has a character which looks like a reversed capital ,c1 shown as ,c1 but which is actually a ,,roman ,,numeral ,,reversed ,,one ,,hundred 7,u#bahc74 ,the date of the inscription is given as ,,ci,c,,cclxxxi1 i4e4 hundreds1 ten1 7#ajjj7 plus #bjj plus #ha1 or the year #abha4 ,page #b3 catell#e chattel 7'goods and chattels'74 ,pages #e-f3 ,footnotes #e and #i each have #a answer for #b queries4 ,page #db3 ',araham's' corrected to ',abraham's' 7,not corrected in a ,footnote74 ,and two myle from ,ebron is the grave of ,loth#f that was ,abraham's brother4 7,f4 #f3 ,lot47 ,page #dg3 'is' corrected to 'it'4 444 and that it was forbidden in the olde lawe4 ,page #ec4 444 and thereby are three#ae other pyllers4444 ,footnote #ae3 ,other editions say four1 which is the number represented in the engraving4 ,so this edition would appear to be correct1 as one pillar1 plus three other pillars four pillars4 ,page #ed3 'me' corrected to 7second7 'men'4 7original printer error8 or original author's careless style87 444 as these landes are lost through sinne of ,christen men1 so shall they be won againe by christen men throygh the helpe of ,god4 ,page #eh3 444 they encline#a thereto and then they take it1 and laye it upon their heads1 and afterward4444 ,either '' or 'and' is extraneous4 ,for consistency1 transcriber removed ''4 ,page #hd3 ,footnote #d has #a answer for #b queries4 ,page #ia1 ,footnote #g3 ',khalif ,molawakkel' corrected to ,khalif ,motawakkel 7i4e4 ,al-,mutawakkil7 444 7https3 _/_/en4wikipedia4org_/wiki_/,al-,mutawak kil74 ,page #id3 444 or else at ,lamaton1 ,and then enter shyppe againe1444 is as printed1 and it does make sense1 in the context4 ,page #aaj1 ,footnote #e3 ,there are two ,footnotes #e and one ,footnote reference #e1 all matching original1 but they are connected4 ,page #abj1 ,footnote #a3 ',monscoli' corrected to ',monocoli' ,for instance1 in ,book #g1 chap1 li41 devoted to ,man1 he 7,plini7 quotes ,ctesias as saying that in ,india is another race of men1 who are known as ,monocoli1 who have only one leg1 but are able to leap with surprising agility4 ,page #aeb3 ,illustration removed3 duplicate of illo on previous page4 ,page #aeg1 ,footnote #a7;cont73 first letter 'tau' corrected to first letter 'sigma' ,greek3 'tpithami' should be 'spithamai'1 'span'4 ,page #afb3 ,removed extraneous 'his' and the cause was we had so great desire to see the nobilitye of his his court1444 ,page #afg3 'coulentium' 444 perhaps 'colentium'8 'coulentium' may be an acceptable medieval spelling4 ,page #afg1 ,footnote #a3 ,ok-lar-,khan 444 or ,okta-,khan4 ,but some #aith century books give the name as ,oktar1 and there are other possibilities4 ,page #ahg1 ,footnote #f3 ,removed extraneous on4 ,silver ,hoop about the end1 whereon on is engraven ,griphi ,unguis4444 ,page #bjf3 'if' correct as printed4 ,middle ,english ,all if even though3 even though the carbuncles give great light1 nevertheless 4444 ,page #bcc3 ,removed extraneous 'are'4 ,in this countrey also are are found canes of an incredible length1444 ,page #bdc1 ,footnote #a3 ',fokieu' corrected to ',fokien' 7typo74 ,pages #bgg-bhi3 ,the extra spaces in the book's layout have been retained1 as necessary to show the library cataloguing4 ,page #bgg3 'chlr' is as printed4 ,abbreviation for chevalier 7knight74 ,grenville ,,xxxix4 ,a #ad ,cent4 ,,ms4 fol4 on vellum in double columns1444 ,it commences ,ci comence le liure qui parle des diuersits des pais qui sunt par universe monde3 le quel liure fut compile par mesire ,jehan ,mandeuille chlr ne dangleterre de la uille con dit ,saint ,albain4 ,pages #bhj et seq3 ,,grenville ,,grenville1 ,thomas #agee-ahdf4 ',the ,grenville ,library'4 ,scope3 ,approximately #af1jjj works 7in #bj1bdj volumes7 collected by the statesman and ,british ,museum ,trustee ,thomas ,grenville4 ,the collection contains printed books from the #aeth to #aith centuries1 and complements the ,king's ,library in terms of incunabula and post-incunabula1 early voyages1 bibles1 vernacular poetry and romances 7especially ,italian and ,spanish71 and ,english literature4 ,the collection is particularly noted for its fine bindings4 ,bequeathed to the ,museum in #ahdf4 ,although part of the ,grenville ,library1 the volumes at ,g4#bjbgf-gh were absent from the collection when it arrived at the ,british ,museum4 ,they were subsequently acquired though the book trade by either the ,british ,museum or the ,british ,library4 ,page #bha3 'zii' corrected to 'z'4 'zu' may have been better1 but 'z' is used in the entry above1 ',gedrucht z ,augspurg' and now used here1 ',getruckt z ,strassburg'1 to match4 ,the entries are from #adhb and #adhd1 when spelling was more or less invented to suit the writer's personal preferences4 ,another copy has ',gedruckt zu ,augspurg4444' ,page #bhd-e3 'unnd' 7as printed7 is common in #afth century ,german4