,,the ,,irish ,,penny ,,journal4 ,,number #ac4 ,,saturday1 ,,september #bf1 #ahdj4 ,,volume ,i4 ,illustration3 ,,hollybrook ,,hall1 ,,county ,,of ,,wicklow4 ,among the very many beautiful residences of our nobility and gentry1 situated within a drive of an hour or two of our metropolis1 there is probably not one better worthy of a visit than that which we have chosen to depict as the illustration of our present number--,hollybrook ,hall1 the seat of ,sir ,george ,frederick ,john ,hodson1 ,bart4 ,it is situated in the county of ,wicklow1 about a mile beyond the town of ,bray1 and about eleven miles from ,dublin4 ,to direct public attention to this charming spot is no less our pleasure than our duty1 for we feel quite assured that even among the higher classes of our fellow-citizens but a very few know more respecting it than its name and locality1 and that it will surprise the vast majority to be told that ,hollybrook ,hall is no less remarkable for the beauty of the sylvan scenery by which it is surrounded1 than as affording in itself the most perfect specimen of the ,tudor style of architecture to be found in ,ireland4 ,that ,hollybrook is thus little known to the public1 is not1 however1 their fault3 excluded from the eye by high and unsightly stone walls on every side by which it might otherwise be seen by the traveller1 it is passed without even a glimpse of the bower of beauty1 which would attract his attention and excite the desire to obtain a more intimate acquaintance with objects of such interest by a request to its accomplished owner1 which we are satisfied would never be denied4 ,hollybrook ,hall1 like ,clontarf ,castle1 of which we have already given some account1 is a fine specimen of the many recently erected or rebuilt residences of our nobility and gentry1 which we esteem it our duty to notice and to praise4 ,like that fine structure also1 it is an architectural creation of that accomplished artist to whose exquisite taste and correct judgment we are indebted for so many of the most beautiful buildings in the kingdom2 and in many of its features and the general arrangement of its parts1 it bears a considerable resemblance to that admirably composed edifice4 ,in its ground plan and general outline1 however1 it is essentially different2 and it is1 moreover1 characterised by a peculiarity which perhaps no other of ,mr ,morrison's works exhibits1 namely1 that it has no mixed character of style1 but is in every respect an example of ,english domestic architecture in the style of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries1 or1 in other words1 it uniformly preserves through all its details the character of the ,tudor style4 ,in the choice of this style1 as well as in the general composition of the structure1 the artist was obviously guided by a judicious desire to adapt the building to the peculiar character of the scenery by which it is surrounded1 and the historical associations connected with the locality2 and a more happy result than that which he has effected could hardly be imagined4 ,seated upon a green and sunny terraced bank in the midst of venerable yew and other evergreens1 and immediately above a small artificial lake or pond1 which reflects on its surface the dark masses of ancient and magnificent forest trees1 which rise on all sides from its banks1 and which are only topped by the peaked summits of the greater and lesser ,sugar-,loaf ,mountains1 as seen through vistas1 the building and its immediate accompaniments seem of coequal age and designed for each other2 and all breathe of seclusion from the cares of the world and a happy domestic repose4 ,it would indeed be impossible to conceive any combinations of architecture and landscape scenery more perfectly harmonious or beautiful of their kind4 ,hollybrook ,hall is wholly built of mountain granite squared and chiselled1 and presents three architectural fronts4 ,that which we have represented in our illustration is the east front1 which faces the small lake or pond1 and contains the library and drawing-room2 but the principal front is that facing the north1 on which side the entrance porch is placed4 ,the principal apartments consist of a hall1 library1 dining and drawing rooms1 with the state bed-rooms above them2 and of these apartments the hall is the most grand and striking feature1 though of inferior size to that of ,clontarf ,castle4 ,it is thirty-four feet long by twenty feet wide1 but has an open porch and vestibule or outer hall1 twelve feet six inches wide2 and like every other part of the edifice1 its details are throughout in the purest style of ,tudor architecture4 ,this hall is panelled with oak1 and is lighted by one grand stained glass window1 eight feet six inches wide1 and fourteen feet six inches high4 ,this window1 which resembles those of the ,english ecclesiastical edifices of the fifteenth century1 is divided by stone mullions into four days1 or compartments1 and being beautifully proportioned1 affords abundant light to the interior4 ,but the most imposing feature of the hall is its beautiful oak staircase1 which1 rising from beneath the window1 conducts to a gallery which crosses the hall1 and communicates with the bed-rooms over the principal apartments4 ,the ceiling is of dark oak1 supported by principals which spring from golden corbels1 and it is enlivened by golden bosses1 which are placed at the various crossings of the rich woodwork1 and have a most pleasing effect from the contrasting relief which they give to its pervading dark colour4 ,the cornice1 which is equally rich and elegantly proportioned1 is surmounted by a gilded crest ornament1 which by its lightness and brilliancy attracts the eye1 and leads the mind to contemplate the fine proportions and elegance of design which characterises the details of the ceiling in all its parts4 ,of the other principal apartments it is only necessary to state that they are equally well proportioned1 and have ceilings of great richness and beauty1 executed in a bold and masterly style of relief3 they are of larger size than the similar rooms of ,clontarf ,castle1 the library being thirty feet by seventeen feet six inches1 the dining-room thirty feet by twenty1 and the drawing-room thirty-four feet six by twenty4 ,these apartments are lighted by oriel windows1 each of which commands a view of some striking beauty in the surrounding scenery4 ,an extensive range of offices and servants' rooms branches off the ,hall on its western side1 but these are as yet only partly erected1 and further additions are still wanting to carry out the original design of the architect1 and give to the edifice as a whole the intricacy and picturesque variety of outline which he intended4 ,hollybrook was originally the seat of a highly respectable branch of the ,adair family1 who1 as it is said1 though long located in ,scotland1 are descended from ,maurice ,fitzgerald1 fourth ,earl of ,kildare4 ,by a marriage with the only daughter of the last proprietor of this family1 ,forster ,adair1 ,esq41 it passed into the possession of ,sir ,robert ,hodson1 ,bart41 descended of an old ,english family1 and father of the present proprietor1 who succeeded to the baronetcy and estates on the death of his elder brother the late ,sir ,robert ,adair ,hodson1 by whom the new structure of ,hollybrook ,hall was commenced4 ,sir ,robert was a gentleman of refined tastes and intellectual acquirements--a landscape painter of no small merit1 and of a poetic mind4 ,the present baronet is1 we believe1 similarly gifted1 and therefore worthy to be the proprietor and resident of a spot of such interest and beauty2 but he should raze those odious unsightly walls1 which exclude ,hollybrook from the eye1 and make it an unvisited and almost unknown solitude4 ,p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,none are so seldom found alone1 and are so soon tired of their own company1 as those conceited coxcombs who are on the best terms with themselves4 ,,tim ,,callaghan1 ,,the ,,inimitable ,,piper4 ,oh6 ye whom business or pleasure shall henceforth lead to the county of ,wexford1 especially to the baronies of ,forth and ,bargie1 should you see a tall1 stout1 lazy-looking fellow1 with sleepy eyes and huge cocked nose1 dragging his feet along as if they were clogs imposed on him by nature to restrain his motion instead of helping him forward1 dawdling along the highways1 or lounging about a public-house1 with a green bag under his arm1 beware of him1 for that is ,tim ,callaghan6--fling him a sixpence or shilling if you will1 but ask him not for music6 ,tim ,callaghan seriously assured me 8that he sarved seven long years wid as fine a piper as ever put chanther ondher an arm20 and that at the end of that well-spent period he began to enchant the king's lieges on his own account1 master of a splendid set of pipes1 and three whole tunes 7barring a few odd turns here and there which couldn't be conquered1 and of no consequince71 a golden store in his opinion4 8,ah1 then1 ,tim10 said ,i1 when ,i was perfectly acquainted with himself and his musical merits1 8what a pity that with your fine taste and superior set of pipes you did not try to conquer the half dozen at least60 8,ogh1 musha60 quoth ,tim1 looking sulky and annoyed1 8that same quisthen has been put to me by dozens1 an' ,i hate to hear it6 ,it was only yistherday that another lady axt me that same4 #8,arrah1 ma'am1' ses ,i1 #8did ye ever play a thune on the pipes in yer life8' #8,niver1 indeed1' ses she1 lookin' ashamed ov her ignorance1 as she ought4 #8,bekase if ye did1' ses ,i agin1 #8ye'd soon say1 8bright was yerself1 ,tim ,callaghan1 to get over the three thunes dacently1 widout axin' people to do what's onpossible40' ,an' now ,i appail to you1 ,miss1 where's the use ov bodherin' people's brains wid six or seven whin three does my business as well80 ,as in duty bound1 ,i admitted that his argument was unanswerable1 and thenceforward we were the best friends possible4 ,grateful for my patience and forbearance1 he eternally mangles the three unfortunates for my gratification2 and ,i doubt if ,i could now relish them with their fair proportions1 so accustomed as ,i have been to ,tim's 8short measure60 ,after all1 ,tim ,callaghan was a politic fellow2 and these three tunes were expressly chosen and learnt to win the ears and suffrages of all denominations of ,christian men4 ,thus1 the 8,boyne water0 is the propitiatory sacrifice at the ,protestant's door1 8,patrick's ,day0 at that of the ,roman ,catholic1 and when he is not sure of the creed of the party he wishes to conciliate1 to suit ,quakers1 ,methodists1 ,seekers1 and ,jumpers1 8,god save the ,queen0 is the third4 ,for many years he was contented to give these favourite airs in their original purity2 but some wicked wight--a gentleman piper1 ,i suspect--has at last persuaded him that his melody would be altogether irresistible if he would introduce some ornamental variations1 8such as his own fine taste would suggest20 and poor ,tim1 unaccustomed to flattery1 and wholly unsuspicious of the jest1 caught at the bright idea1 conquered his natural and acquired laziness1 and made an attempt4 ,when he thought he had mastered the difficulties1 he did me the honour to select me as judge to pronounce on his melodious acquisitions2 and all ,i shall say anent them is1 let the blackest hypochondriac that ever looked wistfully at a marl-hole or his garters1 listen to ,tim ,callaghan's 8varry-a-shins10 and watch his face while performing them1 and he will require 8both poppy and mandragora to medicine him to sleep10 if sleep he ever will again for laughing6 ,when ,tim arrives at a gentleman's door1 his usual plan is to commence with the suitable serenade1 and drone away at that till the few pence he is piping for sends him away content4 ,but if he is detained long1 and he sees no great chance of reward or entertainment within doors1 he becomes furious1 and in his ire he rattles up that one of the three which he supposes most disagreeable and opposite to the politics of the offender4 ,if the party be a ,roman ,catholic1 he will be unpleasantly electrified1 and all his antipathies aroused1 by 8the ,boyne water10 performed with unusual spirit2 and if a church-goer1 he will never recover the shock of 8,patrick's ,day10 given with an energy that will render the wound unhealable6 ,if he is asked for any favourite or fashionable air--and you might as well ask ,tim ,callaghan to repeat a passage of ,homer in the original ,greek--his civilest reply is1 8,i haven't that1 but ,i'll give yez one as good10 when one of the trio follows of course2 and if the impertinent suitor for novelties in his ignorance persists in demanding more than is to be had1 he is angrily cut short1 especially if of inferior rank1 with 8,how bad ye are for sortins6 ,yer masther wud be contint wid what ,i gave ye1 an' thankful into the bargin60 ,thus qualified to please1 it is not to be wondered at that he is celebrated through three baronies as 8the piper60 ,when first ,i had the pleasure to see and hear ,tim ,callaghan1 it was in the middle of winter1 dark and dreary1 and in a retired country place1 where even the 8vile screeching of the wry-necked fife0 would have been welcome in lieu of better4 ,conceive our ecstacy1 then1 when the inspiring drone of the bagpipe startled our ears into attention and expectation6 ,the very servants were clamorous in expressing their delight1 and in beseeching that the piper should be brought into the house and entertained4 ,the petition was granted1 the minstrel was led in 8nothing loth10 and seated in the hall4 ,well1 ,tim's first essay at the minister's house was of course 8the ,boyne10 played very spiritedly and accurately on the whole1 with the exception of a few rather essential notes that he omitted as unnecessary and troublesome1 or 7as the servants supposed7 in consequence of the cold of his fingers2 and finally they took him to the kitchen1 and seated him opposite to a blazing fire4 8,now he'll play in airnest60 cried they1 as one and all gathered round him in expectation of music4 ,our piper being now in the lower regions1 among the inferior gentry1 and willing to please all orders and conditions1 begins to consider whether he shall repeat the 8,boyne10 or commence the all-enlivening 8,patrick's ,day40 8,what religion is the sarvints ov80 replied he at length to a little cow-boy gaping with wonder at the grand ornaments of the pipes4 8,they are ov all soarts1 sur10 whispered ,tommy in reply1 and reddening all over at the great man's especial notice4 8,ov all soarts60 mutters ,tim significantly2 then deciding instantly1 with much solemnity of face and strength of arm he squeezed forth the conciliating 8,god save the ,king40 ,the butler listened awhile with the sapient air of a judge4 8,you're a capitial performer1 piper60 said he at length patronizingly1 and with a hand on each hip2 8an' that's a fine piece ov ,hannibal's composition6 but it is not shutable for all occashins1 an' a livelier air would agree with our timperament betther4 ,change it to somethin' new40 ,and tucking his apron aside1 he gallantly took the rosy tips of the housemaid's fingers and led her out1 while the gardener as politely handed forth the cook4 ,the piper looked sullen1 and still continued the national anthem as if he knew what he was about1 and was determined to play out his tune4 ,the butler's dignity bristled up4 8,railly10 he observed1 and smiled superciliously1 8we are very loyal people hereabouts1 but at this pertickler moment we don't want to join in a prayer for our savren's welfare6 ,stop that melancholic thing1 man6 an' give us one of ,jackson's jigs40 8,out ov fashin10 quoth ,tim sullenly1 8but ,i'll give yez one as good10 and 8,patrick's ,day0 set them all in motion for a quarter of an hour4 8,oh1 we're quite tired ov that60 at length lisped the housemaid 8do1 piper1 give us a walse or co-dhreelle4 ,do you play #8,tanty-polpitty8' ,jem ,sidebottom and ,i used to dance it beautifully when ,i lived at ,mr ,a----'s60 8,what does yez call it80 asked ,tim rather sneeringly4 8,tanty-polpitty10 replied the damsel1 drawing herself up with an air enough to kill a piper6 8,phew60 returned the musician contemptuously1 8that's out ov fashin too2 but ,i'll give yez one as good20 and the 8,boyne0 followed1 played neither faster nor slower than he had been taught it1 which was in right time1 and any thing but dancing time1 to the no small annoyance of the dancers4 ,another and another jig and reel was demanded1 and to all and each ,tim ,callaghan replied1 8,i haven't that1 but ,i'll give yez one as good20 and the 8,king10 the 8,boyne10 and the 8,day10 followed each other in due succession4 ,was there anything more provoking6 ,there stood four active1 zealous votaries of ,terpsichore1 with toes pointed and heads erect1 anxiously awaiting a further developement of ,tim ,callaghan's powers6 ,there stood the dancers1 looking beseechingly at the piper2 there sat the piper staring at the dancers1 wondering what the deuce they waited for1 quite satisfied that they had got all that could reasonably be expected from him4 8,an' have you nothin' else in yer chanther80 at last angrily demanded the butler4 8,e--ah80 drawled ,tim ,callaghan1 as if he did not understand the querist4 ,the question was repeated in a higher key4 8,arrah1 how bad yez are for sortins60 retorted the piper2 8yer masther wud be contint wid what ,i gave yez1 an' thankful into the bargin60 8,by ,jupither ,amond60 exclaimed he of the white apron1 8this beats all the playin' ,i ever heerd in my life6 ,arrah1 do ye ever attind the nobility's concerts8--,ha6 ha6 ha60 8',pon my voracity10 cried the smiling housemaid1 8,i am greatly afeerd he will get #8piper's pay--more kicks than halfpence4'--,ha6 ha6 ha60 8,an' good enough for him60 added the gardener2 8a fella that has but three half thunes in the world1 an' none ov them right6 ,arrah1 what's yer name1 avie80 8,what's that to you80 growled the piper4 8,oh1 nothin'6 ,only ,i thought that you might be #8the piper that played before ,moses4'--,ha6 ha6 ha60 8,oh6 the world may wag ,since he got the bag10 sang the cook1 as she returned to her avocations4 ,but the butler1 as master of the ceremonies1 showed his disappointment and displeasure in a summary ejection of the unfortunate minstrel from the comforts of the fire and the house altogether4 ,again ,i had the exquisite delight of hearing ,tim ,callaghan4 ,it was in another part of our county1 and where he was quite a stranger4 ,a lady had assembled a number of young persons to a sea-side dance one evening2 but1 alas6 ere the hour of meeting arrived1 she had heard that the fiddler she expected was ill1 and could not possibly attend her4 ,what was to be done8 ,nothing6 ,when the guests arrived1 and the dire news communicated1 the gentlemen in spite of themselves looked terrifically glum1 as if they anticipated a dull evening2 and the bright countenances of the ladies were overcast1 though as usual1 sweet creatures6 they tried to look delightful under all visitations4 ,in this dilemma one of the beaux suddenly recollected that 8he had seen a piper coming into the village that evening2 and he thought it was probable he would stop for the night at one of the public-houses40 ,hope instantly illuminated all faces1 and a messenger was forthwith dispatched for the man of music4 ,for my part1 whenever ,i heard a piper mentioned1 ,i knew who was full before me4 8,what sort of person is your piper80 asked ,i of the gentleman that had introduced the subject4 8,a tall1 stout1 rather drowsy-looking fellow10 was the reply4 8,oh60 cried ,i1 8it is the ,inimitable6--it is ,tim ,callaghan60 ,i was eagerly asked if he were a good performer2 and as ,i could not venture to reply with any degree of gravity1 one other person present1 who knew honest ,timothy and his ways1 with admirable composure answered1 8,that under the shield of ,miss ,edgeworth's mighty name he would decline trumpeting the praises of any one1 she having expressly declared in her novel of #8,ennui1' that #8whoever enters thus announced appears to disadvantage2' and therefore10 said my friend1 8we leave ,tim ,callaghan's musical merit to speak for itself40 ,nothing could be better than this1 and the effect ,tim produced was corresponding4 ,while the messenger is away for our piper1 ,i must relate an anecdote of another servant1 and a rustic one too1 once sent on a similar errand4 ,john's master had friends spending the evening with him1 and he desired his servant to procure a musician for the young folks for love or money4 ,in about half an hour ,john returned after a fruitless search2 and instead of saying in the usual style that 8he could not find one10 he flung open the drawing-room door1 and announced his unsuccess in the following impromptu1#a spoken with all due emphasis and discretion-- 8,i searched the city's cir-cum-fe-rence round1 ,and not a musician is there to be found6 ,i fear for music you'll be at a loss1 ,for the fiddler has taken the road to ,ross60 and then made his bow and retired4 ,the city1 by the way1 was a village of some half-dozen houses4 ,so much for ,john1 and now for ,tim ,callaghan4 ,presently the identical ,tim made his appearance1 and was placed in high state at the top of the room1 with a degree of attention and respect fully due to his abilities4 ,for my part1 the very sight of ,tim1 and the thought of his consummate assurance or stupidity in attempting to play for dancing1 amused me beyond expression2 but ,i suppressed all symptoms of this1 and kept my eyes and ears on the alert in expectation of what was to follow4 ,a bumper of his favourite punch was prepared for him1 and while sipping it1 ,i thought he cast a scrutinizing and anxious glance on the company1 probably thinking how he should adjust his politics there4 ,but he had little time to pause4 ,a quadrille set was immediately formed1 and he was called on to play6--the sapient belles and beaux never dreaming that a modern piper even might not play quadrilles4 ,never did ,i find it so difficult to restrain myself from immoderate laughter6 ,there stood the eight elegantes1 ringleted1 perfumed1 white-gloved1 and refined2 and there sat ,tim ,callaghan in all his native surly stupidity1 dreadfully puzzled1 8looking unutterable things10 humming and hawing1 and tuning and droning much longer than necessary--not in the least aware of the demand that was to be made on himself or his pipes1 but puzzling his brains as to which of his own he should play first4 8,a quadrille1 piper6--the first of ,montague's60 called out the leading gentleman4 8,e--ah60 said ,tim ,callaghan1 opening his sleepy eyes1 surprised into some little animation4 8,the first of ,montague's set of quadrilles60 repeated the beau4 8,ogh1 ,mountycute's is out ov fashin2 but ,i'll give yez one as good20 and the company being mixed1 of whose opinions he could not be sure1 the quadrillers were astounded with 8,god save the ,king0 in most execrable style6 ,all stared1 and most laughed heartily2 but what was of more consequence to poor ,tim1 his arm was fiercely seized1 and he was stopt short in the midst of his loyalty by an angry demand 8if he could play no quadrilles8 ,not ---- or ----80 and the names of a dozen quadrilles and waltzes were mentioned1 that the unfortunate minstrel had never heard of in all his days and travels6 ,in his dire extremity be commenced 8the ,boyne10 when at the instant some person called the lady of the house4 ,the name seemed a ,catholic one--a sudden ray of joy shot through his frame to his fingers' ends1 and from thence to his pipes1 and poor 8,patrick's ,day0 was the result4 ,a kind of jigging quadrille was then danced by the least fastidious and better humoured of the party2 the first top couple1 superfine exquisites6--the lady an importation from ,london1 and odorous of 8,bouquet a-la-,reine10 and the gentleman a perfect 8,pelham10 from the aristocratic arch of his brow to his shoe-tie--having retreated to their seats with looks and gestures of horror and disgust1 quite unnoticed by ,tim ,callaghan1 who bore himself with all the dignity of a household bard of the olden time1 in his element1 playing his own favourite tune1 and quollity actually dancing to his music6 ,it was a great day for the house of ,callaghan6 ,well6 as there seemed nothing better to be had1 8,patrick's ,day0 continued in requisition1 now as a quadrille1 now as a country-dance1 by all who preferred motion to sitting still1 before and after supper1 till at last every one was weary of it1 and a general vow was made to drop the 8,day0 and take the 8,boyne10 and endeavour to move it as we best could4 ,by that time1 too1 our piper seemed most heartily tired of his patron saint1 and having quaffed his fourth full-flowing goblet1 appeared to be rather inclined for a doze than to renew his melody4 ,but he was roused up by our worthy host1 who1 good1 gay old man6 was the very soul of cheerfulness4 8,for pity's sake1 piper10 said he1 8try to give us something that we can foot it to6 ,i was not in right mood for dancing to-night till now4 ,if you be an ,irishman1 look at the pretty girl that is to be my partner for the next dance1 and perhaps her eyes may inspire even you1 you drowsy fellow1 with momentary animation1 and perform a miracle on your pipes60 ,short as this address was1 and gaily as it was uttered1 it had no other effect on our piper than administering an additional soporific4 ,while the old gentleman was speaking1 the drowsy god was descending faster and faster on ,tim ,callaghan4 ,he dozed and was shaken up4 8,what does yez want80 growled he at length4 8,what the d--l does yez want80 looking as if he would say1 8,now my weary lips ,i close2 ,leave me1 leave me to repose40 8,music6 music60 said our host1 laughing4 8,any sort of music1 any sort of noise10 and he left the piper and took his place amongst the dancers4 ,tim mechanically fumbled at his pipes1 while the gentlemen busied themselves in procuring partners4 ,there was silence for some seconds4 8,begin1 piper10 called out our host4 8,out ov fashin10 muttered ,tim in broken half-finished sentences2 8but--,i'll--give--yez--one--as--good--- -20 and a long1 a loud reverberating snore at the instant made good his promise of music almost as harmonious as the sounds elicited from his bagpipe66 ,imagine to yourselves1 ye who can1 the scene that followed4 ,the salts-bottle and perfumed handkerchief of the exquisites were in instant requisition1 as if they felt sensations of fainting6 the nervous started as if a pistol went off at their heads1 and those who bore the explosion with fortitude joined in a chorus of laughter1 increased to pain when it was perceived that the ,inimitable1 noways disturbed or alarmed1 prolonged his repose1 and agreeably to the laws of music1 and in excellent taste1 bringing in his nasal performance as a grand finale to each resounding peal6 8,now10 observed the friend who had answered for me at a critical crisis1 8has not ,tim ,callaghan made his own panegyric8 ,has not his merit spoken for itself8 ,what a figure our inimitable piper would have cut1 had we ushered him in with a flourish of trumpets60 ,when the cachinnatory storm had subsided1 and when all considered that their unrivalled musician had had enough of slumber1 he was once more aroused1 to receive his well-earned guerdon1 when the following colloquy commenced3-- 8,pray1 piper1 what is your name80 demanded the master of the house1 with all the gravity of a magistrate on the bench1 and drawing forth his tablets4 8,e--ah8 ,why1 ,tim ,callaghan40 8,ha6 ,tim ,callaghan 7writing71 ,i shall certainly remember ,tim ,callaghan6 ,i suppose1 ,tim1 you are quite celebrated80 8,e--ah80 8,i suppose you are very well known80 8,why1 those that knowed me wanst1 knows me agin10 quoth ,tim ,callaghan4 8,i do believe so6 ,i think ,i shall know you at all events4 ,who taught you to play the pipes80 8,one ,tim ,hartigan1 of the county ,clare40 8,had he much trouble in teaching you80 8,he thrubble6 ,i knows nothin' ov his thrubble1 but faix ,i well remimber me own6 ,there is lumps in my head to this very day1 from the onmarciful cracks he used to give it when ,i wint asthray40 8,ha6 ha6 ha6 ,oh1 poor fellow6 ,well1 farewell1 ,tim ,callaghan6--pleasant be your path through life2 and may your fame spread through the thirty-two counties of green ,erin1 till you die surfeited with glory60 8,faix1 ,i'd rather be surfeited wid a good dinner60 quoth ,tim ,callaghan1 and made his exit4 ,for a couple of years ,i quite lost sight of ,tim1 and ,i began to fear that he had evanished from the earth altogether 8without leaving a copy20 but1 lo6 this very summer1 that 8bright particular star0 appeared unto us again1 with a strapping wife1 and a young ,timotheus at his heels--a perfect facsimile of its father1 nose1 sleepy eyes1 shovel feet and all2 and all subsisting1 nay flourishing1 on three tunes and their unrivalled 8varry-a-shins60 ,m4 ,g4 ,r--4 #a ,fact6 ,he composed and spoke the verses as ,i give them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,dead ,,alive4--,in my youth ,i often saw ,glover on the stage3 he was a surgeon1 and a good writer in the ,london periodical papers4 ,when he was in ,cork1 a man was hanged for sheep-stealing1 whom ,glover smuggled into a field1 and by surgical skill restored to life1 though the culprit had hung the full time prescribed by law4 ,a few nights after1 ,glover being on the stage1 acting ,polonius1 the revived sheep-stealer1 full of whisky1 broke into the pit1 and in a loud voice called out to ,glover1 8,mr ,glover1 you know you are my second father2 you brought me to life1 and sure you have to support me now1 for ,i have no money of my own3 you have been the means of bringing me back into the world1 sir2 so1 by the piper of ,blessington1 you are bound to maintain me40 ,ophelia never could suppose she had such a brother as this4 ,the sheriff was in the house at the time1 but appeared not to hear this appeal2 and on the fellow persisting in his outcries1 he1 through a principle of clemency1 slipped out of the theatre4 ,the crowd at length forced the man away1 telling him that if the sheriff found him alive1 it was his duty to hang him over again6--,recollections of ,o',keefe4 ,illustration3 ,,larus ,,minutus1 ,,the ,,little ,,gull4 ,this bird1 hitherto known in ,great ,britain only as an occasional and rare visitant1 has now been added to the ,fauna of ,ireland--one of a pair seen between ,shannon ,harbour and ,shannon ,bridge having been shot in the month of ,may of the present year1 by ,walter ,boyd1 ,esq4 of the #igth regiment1 and presented by him to the ,natural ,history ,society of ,dublin4 ,it has been stuffed by ,mr ,glennon of ,suffolk ,street1 who continues to gratify the lovers of natural history by a free inspection of it4 ,the ,little ,gull was first noticed with certainty as a ,british bird by ,montague1 who1 in the ,supplement to his ,ornithological ,dictionary1 published in #ahac1 described an immature specimen1 the plumage being that of the yearling in transition to its winter garb4 ,the ,irish specimen1 on the contrary1 is invested with its full summer plumage1 as described by ,temminck4 ,the head and upper portion of the neck are black2 the lower portion of the neck and under parts of the body are white1 and at first exhibited a rosy tint1 which as is usual quickly faded after death2 rump and tail white2 upper parts pearl grey1 the secondaries and quills being tipped with white2 legs and toes bright red2 bill of a reddish brown1 rather than of the deep lake of ,temminck1 or arterial blood-red of ,selby2 its length ten inches1 or somewhat more than one-half of that of the blackheaded gull 7,larus ridibundus71 its nearest congener4 ,little has been added to the history of this bird as briefly given by ,temminck as follows3--8,it inhabits the rivers1 lakes1 and seas of the eastern countries of ,europe2 is an occasional visitant of ,holland and ,germany2 is common in ,russia1 ,livonia1 and ,finland2 and very rarely wanders to the lakes of ,switzerland4 ,it feeds on insects and worms1 and breeds in the eastern and southern countries40 ,in ,america the ,little ,gull was noticed on the northern journey of ,sir ,john ,franklin1 and it is numbered by ,bonaparte amongst the rarer birds of the ,united ,states--rendering it probable that the ,american continent includes also its breeding habitats4 ,to this we may reasonably add--considering the state of plumage of the ,irish specimens1 the season of their discovery1 the inland locality in which they were seen1 and the analogy in habits between them and the other blackheaded gulls with which they were associated--a belief and hope that the ,little ,gull will yet be found to breed on some of the wide expanses of the ,shannon1 or on the lakes of ,roscommon1 ,leitrim1 and ,sligo4 ,to understand the relation of this gull to the other species of the same genus1 it is necessary that we should take a rapid survey of the whole family2 and happy are we to indulge ourselves in such mental rambling1 as many a gladsome reminiscence will be awakened both in our own and in our readers' minds by the mention of these well-known birds4 ,few indeed are there who at some period of their lives have not wandered to the sea-side to enjoy the exhilarating influence of the sea breeze1 and to revel1 perchance1 on the rich feast of knowledge which the many strange but admirably formed creatures of the deep must ever present to the inquiring and contemplative mind4 ,to them the sea-mew or gull must be familiar1 both in those of the larger species1 which are seen heavily winging their way over the waters1 or poised in air1 wheeling round to approach their surface1 and in those of lighter and more arial form1 which1 in the words of ,wilson1 8enliven the prospect by their airy movements--now skimming closely over the watery element1 watching the motions of the surges1 and now rising into the higher regions1 sporting with the winds20 and we may surely add1 still in the words of that enthusiastic worshipper of ,nature1 that 8such zealous inquirers must have found themselves amply compensated for all their toil1 by observing these neat and clean birds coursing along the rivers and coasts1 and by inhaling the invigorating breezes of the ocean1 and listening to the soothing murmurs of its billows40 ,nor could they fail to notice how admirably the white and grey tints which prevail in the plumage of these birds harmonize with those of air and ocean--a species of adaptation which is manifest in all the works of nature1 no colours1 however varied1 presenting to the eye an incongruous or disagreeable picture1 and no sounds1 however modified by the throats of a thousand feathered warblers1 jarring as discord on the ear4 ,well may we judge from this that our senses were framed in unison with all created objects1 and that the right test of excellence in music1 painting1 or poetry1 is1 8that it is natural40 ,the genus ,larus 7,gull7 of the early writers included many birds now separated from it--the ,skuas1 or parasitic gulls2 ,lestris2 the ,terns1 or sea-swallows2 ,sterna2 and some others--the consequence of increasing knowledge in natural science being the gradual limitation of genera by the use of more precise and restricted characters4 ,all these genera now form part of the family of ,larid1 or gull-like birds--the system of grouping together those genera which exhibit striking analogies in plumage or habits securing the advantages of a natural arrangement1 without the danger of that confusion which so often results from loosely defined genera4 ,the tendency is indeed to still further subdivision--the kittiwake 7,larus rissa7 having been made the type of a new genus1 ,rissa 7,stephens71 and the blackheaded gulls classed together as the genus ,xema 7,boi7--the periodic change of the colour of their heads from the white of winter to the black of summer1 their more rapid and tern or swallow-like flight1 and their inland habits1 forming so many striking and apparently natural marks of distinction4 ,to this genus1 if finally admitted1 will belong the ,little ,gull 7,xema minuta74 ,the term ,larus is adopted from the ,greek1 the ancient ,latin name as used by ,pliny being ,gavia4 ,brisson 7#agfc7 applies ,larus to some of the larger species1 and ,gavia to a multitude of others2 but there is much confusion in his identifications of species1 and the line of separation was not well considered4 ,modern writers also subdivide the gulls1 for the sake of convenience1 into two sections--the larger1 or those varying from nineteen to twenty-six or more inches in length1 the 8,goelands0 of ,temminck2 and the smaller1 or 8,mouettes0 of ,temminck4 ,but this system of division is imperfect1 as it veils the remarkable relation existing between many of the larger and smaller gulls1 which should not therefore be separated from each other4 ,this relation was noticed by some of the earlier writers4 ,willoughby designates under the name ,larus cinereus maximus both the herring and the lesser blackbacked gulls2 and under that of ,larus cinereus minor1 the common sea-gull4 ,this kind of relation is indeed strikingly displayed amongst ,british gulls--as in the greater and lesser blackbacked gulls1 the ,glaucous and ,iceland gulls1 the herring and common gulls1 and1 we may add1 the blackheaded and little gulls2 and it is very probable that further research will show that it exists still more widely4 ,from ,aristotle or ,pliny little can be gleaned of the history of these birds4 ,aristotle states that the ,gavi and ,mergi lay two or three eggs on the rock--the ,gavi in summer1 the ,mergi in the beginning of spring--hatching the eggs1 but not building in the manner of other birds4 ,pliny says that the ,gavi build on rocks1 the ,mergi sometimes on trees2 from which remark it appears probable that the genus ,mergus then included not merely the various divers1 but also the cormorants1 as was formerly conjectured by ,turner4 ,whilst1 therefore1 the ancient ,latin name of gull1 ,gavia1 has been entirely removed from modern nomenclature1 the word ,mergus has obtained a signification very limited in comparison to that which it enjoyed among the ancients1 being now applied to the ,mergansers alone1 although for a time restored by ,brisson to the ,colymbi1 which1 as possessing the property of diving in its highest perfection1 seem most entitled to retain it1 whilst the term ,merganser might be judiciously applied to the genus now called by some1 ,mergus1 as was done by ,aldrovandus1 ,willoughby1 ,brisson1 and ,stephens4 ,the remarkable differences in the habits of gulls1 which form in part the basis of separation1 as suggested by ,boi in the case of the blackheaded gulls1 were early noticed4 ,old ,gesner 7#aehg7 says that some gulls dwell about fresh waters1 others about the sea2 and from ,aristotle1 that the grey gull seeks lakes and rivers1 whilst the white gull inhabits the sea4 ,every one indeed must have noticed the flocks of gulls which occasionally appear inland1 and share with the rooks and other corvid the rich repast of grubs which is afforded by the fresh-ploughed land4 ,the common gull 7,larus canus7 is one of those which indulge in these terrestrial excursions2 but the blackheaded gulls 7,xema7 select even the inland marshes as their breeding-places4 ,the more truly maritime gulls select islands or rocks1 on the surface of which they deposit their eggs1 as the kittiwake the narrow ledges of precipitous cliffs1 the young being reared with safety1 where it would seem that the least movement must plunge them from the giddy height into the abyss below4 ,this beautiful illustration of the power of instinct to preserve even the nestling from danger1 is admirably displayed on the northern coast of ,mayo1 where at ,downpatrick ,head the whole face of the perpendicular limestone cliff is peopled by line above line of gulls1 flying1 when disturbed by a stone thrown either from mischievous or curious hand1 in screaming flocks from their eggs or young1 and as quickly settling upon them again1 without1 as it were1 disturbing the equilibrium of either in a place where to move would be to tumble into destruction4 ,the clamour of the kittiwake is indeed so great on such occasions that it has given rise in the ,feroe ,islands to a proverb1 8noisy as the ,rita in the rocks40 ,the eggs of several species of gulls are used as food1 being regularly sought for as such on the coast of ,devonshire and other maritime places1 but those of the blackheaded gulls are considered the best1 and often substituted for plover eggs4 ,the flesh of gulls was considered by the ancients unfit for the food of man2 not so by the moderns1 who1 though probably no great admirers of it1 have not entirely rejected it4 ,hence ,willoughby tells us 7#afgh7 that 8the sea-crows 7blackheaded gulls7 yearly build and breed at ,norbury in ,staffordshire1 in an island in the middle of a great pool1 in the grounds of ,mr ,skrimshew1 distant at least #cj miles from the sea4 ,about the beginning of ,march hither they come2 about the end of ,april they build4 ,they lay three1 four1 or five eggs of a dirty green colour1 spotted with dark brown1 two inches long1 of an ounce and half weight1 blunter at one end4 ,the first down of the young is ash-coloured1 and spotted with black4 ,the first feathers on the back1 after they are fledged1 are black4 ,when the young are almost come to their full growth1 those entrusted by the lord of the soil drive them from off the island through the pool1 into nets set in the banks to take them4 ,when they have taken them1 they feed them with the entrails of beasts2 and when they are fat1 sell them for fourpence or fivepence a-piece4 ,they take yearly about one thousand two hundred young ones2 whence may be computed what profit the lord makes of them4 ,about the end of ,july they all fly away and leave the island40 ,and in ,feroe1 according to ,landt 7#agih71 the flesh of the kittiwake is not only eaten1 but considered 8well-tasted40 ,as pets1 gulls have always on the sea-coast been favourites1 ,gesner quotes from ,oppian1 8,that gulls are much attached to man--familiarly attend upon him2 and1 when watching the fishermen1 as they draw their nets and divide the spoil1 clamorously demand their share40 ,in our own boyish experience we knew one1 poor ,tom1 which grew up under our care to maturity1 and1 unrestrained by any artificial means1 flew away and returned again as inclination impelled it--recognising and answering our voice even when flying high in air above4 ,but1 alas6 like too many pets1 he fell a sacrifice to the loss of that instinct which would have led him to shun danger4 ,he joined a crowd of water-fowl on a small lake on the ,start ,bay ,sands4 ,his companions1 alarmed at the approach of the fowler1 flew unharmed away2 but poor ,tom1 with ill-judged confidence1 left the water and walked fearlessly toward the enemy of all winged creatures1 who could not allow even a gull to escape1 and1 alas6 he was the next moment stretched lifeless on the sand4 ,here we shall arrest our pen4 ,perhaps we have dwelt too long on this interesting genus of birds1 and yet we would hope that some of our readers may profit by our remarks1 and be led to watch with an inquisitive eye the many animated beings which surround them1 and thus to read in ,nature's never-tiring1 never-exhausted volume1 new lessons of wisdom--new proofs of the exalted intelligence which has created every thing perfect and good of its kind4 ,j4 ,e4 ,p4 ,,the ,,chase1 ,a ,,poem ,,translated ,,from ,,the ,,irish4 ,,oisin4 ,o son of ,calphruin6 thou whose ear ,sweet chant of psalms delights to hear1 ,hast thou ere heard the tale1 ,how ,fionn urged the lonely chase1 ,apart from all the ,fenian race1 ,brave sons of ,innisfail8 ,,patrick4 ,o royal born6 whom none exceeds ,in moving song1 or hardy deeds1 ,that tale1 to me as yet untold1 ,though far renown'd1 do thou unfold ,in truth severely wise1 ,from fancy's wanderings far apart3 ,for what is fancy's glozing art ,but falsehood in disguise8 ,,oisin4 ,o6 ne'er on gallant ,fenian race ,fell falsehood's accusation base3 ,by faith of deeds1 by strength of hand1 ,by trusty might of battle-brand1 ,we spread afar our glorious fame1 ,and safely from each conflict came4 ,ne'er sat a monk in holy chair1 ,devote to chanting hymn and prayer1 ,more true than the ,fenians bold3 ,no chief like ,fionn1 world around1 ,was e'er to bards so gen'rous found1 ,with gifts of ruddy gold4 ,if lived the son of ,morn fleet1 ,who ne'er for treasure burned2 ,or ,duin's son to woman sweet1 ,who ne'er from battle turned1 ,but fearless with his single glaive ,a hundred foemen dared to brave3 ,if lived ,macgaree stern and wild1 ,that hero of the trenchant brand2 ,or ,caoilte1 ,ronan's witty child1 ,of liberal heart and open hand2 ,or ,oscar1 once my darling boy1 ,thy psalms would bring me little joy4 ,if lived1 the ,fenian deeds to sing1 ,sweet ,fergus with his voice of glee2 ,or ,daire1 who trilled a faultless string1 ,small pleasure were thy bells to me4 ,if lived the dauntless little ,hugh1 ,or ,fillan1 courteous1 kind and meek1 ,or ,conan bald1 for whom the dew ,of sorrow yet is on my cheek1 ,or that small dwarf whose power could steep ,the ,fenian host in death-like sleep-- ,more sweet one breath of theirs would be ,than all thy clerks' sad psalmody4 ,,patrick4 ,thy chiefs renowned extol no more1 ,o son of kings--nor number o'er2 ,but low1 on bended knee1 record ,the power and glory of the ,lord2 ,and beat the breast1 and shed the tear1 ,and still his holy name revere1 ,almighty1 by whose potent breath ,thy vanquished ,fenians sleep in death4 ,,oisin4 ,alas6 for ,oisin--dire the tale6 ,no music in thy voice ,i hear2 ,not for thy wrathful ,god ,i wail1 ,but for my ,fenians dear4 ,thy ,god6 a rueful ,god ,i trow1 ,whose love is earned by want and woe6 ,since came thy dull psalm-singing crew1 ,how rapid away our pastimes flew1 ,and all that charmed the soul6 ,where now are the royal gifts of gold1 ,the flowing robe with its satin fold1 ,and the heart-delighting bowl8 ,where now the feast1 and the revel high1 ,and the jocund dance and sweet minstrelsy1 ,and the steed loud-neighing in the morn1 ,with the music sweet of hound and horn1 ,and well-armed guards of coast and bay8 ,all1 all like a dream have passed away2 ,and now we have clerks with their holy qualms1 ,and books1 and bells1 and eternal psalms1 ,and fasting--that waster gaunt and grim1 ,that strips of all beauty both body and limb4 ,,patrick4 ,oh6 cease this strain1 nor longer dare ,thy ,fionn1 or his chiefs1 compare ,with him who reigns in matchless might1 ,the ,king of kings enthroned in light4 ',tis he who frames the heavens and earth2 ',tis he who nerves the hero's hand2 ',tis he who calls fair fields to birth1 ,and bids each blooming branch expand3 ,he gives the fishy streams to run1 ,and lights the moon and radiant sun4 ,what deeds like these1 though great his fame1 ,canst thou ascribe to ,fionn's name8 ,,oisin4 ,to weeds and grass his princely eye ,my sire ne'er fondly turned2 ,but he raised his country's glory high1 ,when the strife of warriors burned4 ,to shine in games of strength and skill1 ,to breast the torrent from the hill1 ,to lead the van of the bannered host-- ,these were his deeds and these his boast4 ,where was thy ,god1 when o'er the tide ,two heroes hither bore ,of ,lochlin1 king of ships1 the bride1 ,and carnage heaped the shore8 ,when ,tailk on ,fenians hacked his brand1 ',twas not thy ,god's1 but ,oscar's hand ,that hero prostrate laid2 ,when rough-voiced ,manus swept the coast1 ,if lived thy ,god1 the ,fenian host ,had triumphed by his aid4 ,when ,aluin1 ,anver's son of fame1 ,round ,tara rolled the bickering flame1 ,not by thy ,king's1 but ,oscar's glaive ,the warrior sank in a bloody grave4 ,when haughty ,dearg advanced in pride ,with his shields of gold o'er ,lochlin's tide1 ,why lingered then thy cloud-borne ,lord ,to save our host from his slaughtering sword8 ,oh6 glorious deeds arise in crowds1 ,of the gallant ,fenian band2 ,but what is achieved by thy ,king of the clouds-- ,where reddened he his hand8#b ,,patrick4 ,here let this vain contention rest1 ,for frenzy1 ,bard1 inspires thy breast4 ,supreme in bliss ,god ever reigns3 ,thy ,fionn groans in hell's domains-- ,in penal fire--in lasting chains4 ,,oisin4 ,small glory to thy potent ,king ,his chains and fires on our host to bring6 ,oh6 how unlike our generous chief1 ,who1 if thy ,king felt wrong or grief1 ,would soon in arms1 with valour strong1 ,avenge the grief1 redress the wrong4 ,whom did the ,fenian king e'er see ,in thraldom1 pain1 or fear1 ,but his ready gold would set him free1 ,or the might of his victor spear8 ,this arm1 did frenzy touch my brain1 ,their heads from thy clerks would sever1 ,nor thy crozier here1 nor white book remain1 ,nor thy bells be heard for ever4 ,,to ,,be ,,continued4 #b ----rubente ,dextera sacras jaculatus arces ,terruit urbem4--,,hor4 ----,heaven's eternal ,sire1 ,with red right-arm1 at his own temples hurl'd ,his thunders1 and alarm'd a guilty world4--,,francis4 ,some of ,oisin's expressions might justly shock the piety of ,st ,patrick4 ,but let it be remembered that ,oisin is no convert to ,christianity2 on the contrary1 he is opposed to it1 principally because it had put an end to his favourite pastimes4 ,,egypt ,,and ,,syria--,,mehemet ,,ali4 ,the boasted civilization which ,mehemet ,ali has introduced into the countries under his sway is entirely superficial1 and has no origin whatever in any real improvement or amelioration in the condition or for the benefit of their respective populations2 and the reason why a contrary impression has so generally prevailed amongst late travellers is as follows3--,when travellers arrive at ,alexandria1 and more particularly those of name or rank1 they immediately fall into the hands of a set of clever persons1 some of them consuls1 who having either made their fortunes by the ,pacha1 or having them to make1 leave no effort unemployed to impress them with favourable opinions of his government4 ,they are then presented at the ,divan1 where1 instead of a reserved austere-looking ,turk1 they find a lively animated old man1 who converses freely and gaily with them1 talks openly of his projects to come1 and of his past life1 tells them that he is glad to see them1 and that the more travellers that pass through ,egypt1 the better he is pleased2 that he wishes every act of his government and institutions to be known and seen1 and that the more they are so1 the better will he be appreciated4 ,he then turns the conversation to some subject personal to them1 for he is always well informed of who and what they are1 and what they know1 and at last dismisses them with an injunction to visit his establishments with care1 and to let him know their opinion of them on their return2 and if they happen to be persons of distinction1 he offers them a cavass to accompany them on their journey4 ,all this is done in a simple pleasing manner1 which can hardly fail to captivate when coming from so remarkable a man4 ,instructed by the clique1 and won by the ,pacha1 they proceed on their journey to ,cairo1 where the delusion begun at ,alexandria is completed2 for travelling through the country is now easy1 and comparatively safe to what it was1 and establishments of various kinds1 such as polytechnic schools1 schools of medicine and general instruction1 and manufactories1 have been formed in ,cairo and those parts of the country which are most frequently visited4 ,these are under the direction of foreigners1 chiefly ,frenchmen1 and are open to those who choose to visit them2 consequently1 as the greater proportion of travellers seek for sights more than instruction1 these gentlemen1 won at ,alexandria1 and delighted at the facility of their journey from that place1 neither turn to the right nor the left from the beaten track1 but1 judging of what they do not see by that which is purposely prepared to be shown them1 return to ,europe1 and on grounds such as ,i have above described1 and without looking an inch beneath the surface1 proclaim the ,pacha the civilizer and regenerator of ,egypt4 ,how far such is the case1 you will be able to judge from what follows1 in which there is no exaggeration4 ,the journey ,i made extended up to the second cataract on the ,nile1 throughout ,egypt and ,nubia1 and then through ,palestine1 the whole of ,syria1 and the ,libanus4 ,i consequently visited very nearly all the countries under the domination of ,mehemet ,ali1 and as ,i did not allow myself to be influenced at ,alexandria1 and missed no occasion of informing myself of the state of things whilst on my journey1 ,i may fairly say that ,i can give an unbiassed opinion as to what is going on in that unhappy part of the world4 ,in ,egypt the whole of the land belongs to the ,pacha2 besides himself there is no land-proprietor1 and he has the absolute monopoly of every thing that is grown in the country4 ,the following is the manner in which it is cultivated3--,portions of land are divided out between the fellahs of a village1 according to their numbers2 seed1 corn1 cotton1 or other produce1 is given to them2 this they sow and reap1 and of the produce seventy-five per cent4 is immediately taken to the ,pacha's depots4 ,the remaining twenty-five per cent4 is left them1 with1 however1 the power to take it at a price fixed by the ,pacha himself1 and then resold to them at a higher rate4 ,this is generally done1 and reduces the pittance left them about five per cent4 more2 from this they are to pay the capitation tax1 which is not levied according to the real number of the inhabitants of a village1 but according to numbers at which it is rated in the government books2 so that in one instance with which ,i was acquainted1 a village originally rated at #bjj1 but reduced by the conscription to #ajj1 and by death or flight to #dj1 was still obliged to pay the full capitation2 and when ,i went there1 #bf of the #dj had been just bastinadoed to extort from them their proportion of the sum claimed4 ,after the capitation comes the tax on the date-trees1 raised from #cj to #fj paras by the ,pacha1 and that of #bjj piasters a-year for permission to use their own water-wheels1 without which the lands situated beyond the overflow of the ,nile1 or too high for it to reach1 would be barren4 ,then comes an infinity of taxes on every article of life1 even to the cakes of camels' dung which the women and children collect and dry for fuel1 and which pay #be per cent4 in kind at the gate of ,cairo and the other towns4 ,next to the taxes comes the corvee in the worst form1 and in continual action2 at any moment the fellahs are liable to be seized for public works1 for the transport of the baggage of the troops1 or to track the boats of the government or its officers1 and this without pay or reference to the state of their crops4 ,when ,mehemet ,ali made his famous canal from ,alexandria to the ,nile1 he did it by forcibly marching down #aej1jjj men from all parts of the country1 and obliging them to excavate with their hands1 as tools they had not1 or perhaps could not be provided4 ,the excavation was completed in three months1 but #cj1jjj men died in the operation4 ,then comes the curse of the conscription1 which is exercised in a most cruel and arbitrary manner1 without any sort of rule or law to regulate it4 ,an order is given to the chief of a district to furnish a certain number of men2 these he seizes like wild beasts wherever he can find them1 without distinction or exemption1 the weak as well as the strong1 the sick as well as those in health2 and as there is no better road to the ,pacha's favour than showing great zeal in this branch of the service1 he if possible collects more even than were demanded4 ,these are chained1 marched down to the river1 and embarked amidst the tears and lamentations of their families1 who know that they shall probably never see them again3 for change of climate1 bad treatment1 and above all1 despair1 cause a mortality in the ,pacha's army beyond belief2 mutilation is not now considered an exemption1 and the consequence of the system is1 that from ,assouan1 at the first cataract1 to ,aleppo1 you literally speaking never see a young man in a village2 and such is the depopulation1 that if things continue as they now are for two years more1 and the ,pacha insists on keeping up his army to its present force1 it will be utterly impossible for the crops to be got in1 or for any of the operations of agriculture to be carried on4 ,the whole of this atrocious system is carried into action by the cruelest means--no justice of any sort for the weak1 no security for those who are better off3 the bastinado and other tortures applied on every occasion1 and at the arbitrary will of every servant of the government4 ,in addition to this1 the natives of the country are rarely employed--never in offices of trust--and the whole government is entrusted to ,turks4 ,in short1 the worst features of the ,mameluke and ,turkish rules are still in active operation2 but the method of applying them is much more ingenious1 and the boasted civilization of ,mehemet ,ali amounts to this3 that being beyond doubt a man of extraordinary talents1 he knows how to bring into play the resources of the country better than his predecessors did1 but like them entirely for his own interest1 and without any reference to the well-being of the people2 and that with the aid of his ,european instruments he has1 if ,i may say so1 applied the screw with a master-hand1 and squeezed from the wretches under his sway the very last drop of their blood4 ,such is the state of these two countries4 ,syria is perhaps the worst off of the two3 for the ,egyptians used to oppression bear it without a struggle3 whilst the ,syrians1 who had been less harshly treated in old times1 writhe under and gnaw their chain4--,from the ,sun newspaper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rotation ,,railway4--,this invention aims at effecting a complete revolution in the present mode of railway construction and locomotion4 ,in place of having the ordinary rails and wheeled carriages1 two series of wheels are fixed along the whole length of the road at about two yards apart1 and at an equal distance from centre to centre of each wheel4 ,these wheels are connected throughout the whole length of the line by bands working in grooved pullies keyed on to the same axle as the wheels1 but the axles of one side of the line are not connected with those of the opposite line4 ,the axles of the wheels are raised about one foot from the ground2 the top of the wheel1 which is proposed to be of #c feet diameter1 will be therefore elevated #b feet above the surface4 ,on these wheels is placed a strong framing of timber1 having an iron plate fastened on each side in the line of the two series of wheels4 ,a little within this bearing frame1 so as just to clear the wheels1 is a luggage-box or hold1 descending to within a few inches of the ground1 in which it is proposed to stow all heavy commodities1 for which purpose it is well adapted1 opening as it does at either end1 and its flooring close to the surface of the ground4 ,at each end of the lower part of the framing of this luggage-box1 are fixed horizontal guide or friction wheels1 working against the supports of the bearing wheels and pullies1 by which arrangement curves will be traversed with little friction1 and it will be impossible for the framing to quit the track4 ,the framing of timber will be about #ai feet in length1 so that it will rest alternately on six and eight wheels1 but never on less than six4 ,on this framing the passenger carriages are erected1 which1 in its progression forward1 it is thought will be kept steady and free from lateral motion by the weight in the luggage-box1 assisted by the horizontal guide-wheels4 ,locomotion is produced by putting the wheels in motion by means of machinery at either end1 which would be effected for an immense distance with a moderate power1 as there would be very little more friction due to the wheels than that arising from their own weight2 and the frame which bears the carriage would not be run on to the bearing-wheels until the whole were in motion1 when its weight would act almost after the manner of a fly-wheel1 resting as it would on the periphery of the bearing-wheels4 ,it will be perceived that by this plan the bearings of the wheels must be kept perfectly in the direction of the plane of the road1 whether inclined or horizontal2 otherwise serious concussions would occur4 ,but this would not be the case by the depression of one wheel1 or even by its entire removal1 as the framing will be constructed sufficiently stiff as not to deflect by having the distance of the bearings doubled4 ,if this plan should be found to answer1 it will present facilities of transport never before thought of1 as carriages might be continually dispatched without a chance of collision1 either by stoppage or from increased speed of the last beyond the preceding4 ,it also promises to remove the present great drawback to railway progression1 viz4 the being able to surmount but very slight acclivities by locomotive power with any profitable load2 but by the rotative system1 inclines may be surmounted of almost any steepness without the chance of accident4 ,if a band should break1 the action of this railway would not be impeded1 as the power being transmitted from either end1 rotation would take place throughout its whole length1 but the power would not be transmitted from either end past the disjunction4 ,even should two bands be destroyed at a distance from each other and on the same side of the track1 its action would not be destroyed1 for although the isolated portion of wheels would be dead1 those on the other side of the track would be in action1 which1 with the horizontal guide-wheels1 would move forward the carriage1 although1 on such portion1 at a diminished speed4 ,instead of an increased outlay being required in the formation of railways on this system1 it is estimated that a very considerable saving will be effected1 as a single track will be sufficient1 with sidings of dead wheels at the termination of the several portions into which a long line would be divided4 ,in crossing valleys1 a framing of piles to support the bearing-wheels would be quite sufficient1 and the road might be left quite open between each line of wheels1 as it would be impossible for the carriage to quit the track1 and therefore no necessity for making a solid road for safety sake4--,civil ,engineer and ,architect's ,journal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,magnanimity4--,when the ,spanish armies invested ,malaga in #adhg1 when in possession of the ,moors1 a circumstance occurred in a sortie from the city1 indicating a trait of character worth recording4 ,a noble ,moor1 named ,abraher ,zenete1 fell in with a number of ,spanish children who had wandered from their quarters4 ,without injuring them1 he touched them gently with the handle of his lance1 saying1 8,get ye gone1 varlets1 to your mothers40 ,on being rebuked by his comrades1 who inquired why he had let them escape so easily1 he replied1 8,because ,i saw no beard upon their chins40 ,an example of magnanimity 7says the ,curate of ,los ,palacios7 truly wonderful in a heathen1 and which might have reflected credit on a ,christian hidalgo4--,prescott's ,history of the ,reign of ,ferdinand and ,isabella1 ,boston1 #ahci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,printed and ,published every ,saturday by ,,gunn and ,,cameron1 at the ,office of the ,general ,advertiser1 ,no4 #f1 ,church ,lane1 ,college ,green1 ,dublin4--,agents3--,r4 ,,groombridge1 ,panyer ,alley1 ,paternoster ,row1 ,london2 ,,simms and ,,dinham1 ,exchange ,street1 ,manchester2 ,c4 ,,davies1 ,north ,john ,street1 ,liverpool2 ,j4 ,,drake1 ,birmingham2 ,m4 ,,bingham1 ,broad ,street1 ,bristol2 ,,fraser and ,,crawford1 ,george ,street1 ,edinburgh2 and ,,david ,,robertson1 ,trongate1 ,glasgow4