,transcriber's note3 ,printing errors have been amended but the author's idiosyncratic style and spelling have not4 ,,the ,,farmer',s ,,own ,,book3 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,the ,numerous ,diseases of the ,horse1 ,,with ,,an ,,explanation ,,of ,,their ,,symptoms1 ,,and ,,the ,,course ,,of ,,treatment ,,to ,,be ,,pursued2 ,,also ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,the ,,disease ,,of ,,horned ,,cattle4 ,,published ,,by ,j4 ,d4 ,,koogle1 ,middletown1 ,maryland4 #aheh4 ,,entered according to the ,act of ,congress in the year #aheg1 ,,by ,j4 ,d4 ,,koogle1 ,in the ,clerk's ,office of the ,district ,court of ,maryland4 ,,preface4 ,the object of this work is to give a thorough explanation of the numerous diseases to which the horse is subject1 and point out in a clear and distinct manner the symptoms by which the diseases may be known1 so that the ,farmer and others having the care of horses may be enabled to detect any disease in its first stages1--thereby rendering it an easy case to cure2 also1 giving a regular course of medicine to be pursued in the treatment of the different diseases1 by which almost any one1 with a little study1 can treat the most difficult cases4 ,the great objection to other works that have been issued is that they do not point out the symptoms of the diseases in horses2 and their treatment is so badly arranged that it is very difficult for the ,farmer and persons generally to understand it4 ,the advantages this work possesses over others1 is its plainness in pointing out the difficulties attending the treatment of diseases in horses and the manner in which they may be surmounted4 ,and it is hoped that those interested will give this book their careful attention1 as the author is satisfied that it will save them a vast amount of time and trouble in times of need4 ,,the ,,author4 ,illustration ,,diseases ,,of ,,horses4 ,the diseases of the horse are very numerous1 and many of them so complicated as to defy detection1 except by those who are thoroughly acquainted with the nature of the animal1 and his mode of living4 ,this is the reason that horses which have been under the care of the farrier are often returned to the owner in a worse condition than when they received them4 ,it is to prevent this practice as much as possible that has induced me to bring this work before the public1 in the hope of alleviating the condition of that noble animal--the ,horse4 ,illustration ,,the ,,poll ,,evil4 ,this disease may arise from accident1 but is commonly the result of blows or bruises carelessly inflicted by those having charge of the horses4 ,it is a tumor or swelling in the sinews1 found between the noll bone and the uppermost joint of the neck1 immediately on the nap of the neck4 ,nearly all farriers1 tell you to sell your horse for anything he will bring1 or give him away2 but ,i would advise you to keep your horse and cure him1 which can be done quickly and surely with the following remedies3 ,,remedy ,,no4 #a4 ,first wash the sore well with strong warm soap suds1 then drop #h or #aj drops of muriatic acid in it twice a day1 until it has the appearance of a fresh wound1 after which it should be washed clean with soap suds from castile soap and then left to heal1 which it will quickly do if the acid has been used long enough in a proper manner2 but if it does not get well1 wash as before1 and apply the acid until a cure is effected4 ,it is a sure remedy1 and will not fail if applied properly until the disease is burnt out or killed4 ,in case you should drop any of the acid on the part that is not affected1 apply a little oil1 which will neutralize the power of the acid and prevent it from becoming sore4 ,,remedy ,,no4 #b4 ,when the disease first makes its appearance1 take a quantity of asmart and put it to soak1 letting it remain all night4 ,in the morning take as much as you can hold in your hand and apply it to the swollen part1 holding it there some #bj or #cj minutes1 pressing on it as hard as you conveniently can1 which must be repeated several times4 ,this remedy generally scatters the disease1 but if it should fail you will be obliged to use applications of a more astringent nature4 ,,remedy ,,no4 #c4 ,after the disease has fully shown itself1 wash as directed in ,remedy ,no4 #a2 then take ,arsenic and apply it until the foul flesh has all disappeared1 and let it heal4 ,this is a certain remedy1 and has cured several cases within my own knowledge4 ,,remedy ,,no4 #d4 ,take #a quart of strong ley and boil it into a salve1 then apply a portion of the salve every #b hours until the core comes out1 and heal with elder ointment4 ,if this remedy does not effect a cure on the first application1 try it again1 as it is a certain cure4 ,should the ley after being boiled down leave a hard substance1 it must be worked into a salve4 ,,remedy ,,no4 #e4 ,first wash the ulcer well with warm soap suds2 then take air-slacked lime and put as much into the sore as will lay on1 which must be repeated #b or #c times a day1 and the affected part cleaned and swabbed out as often4 ,this1 though very simple1 is an excellent remedy1 which ,i have never known to fail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the foregoing remedies are very plain and simple1 and cannot fail if properly applied4 ,in washing the ulcers1 use none other than castile soap1 which is far superior to any other for cleansing and healing wounds and eruptions of any kind1 and can be had from any of the drug stores at #be cents per pound4 ,it is also an excellent article for domestic purposes1 such as shaving1 c4 and will be found cheaper than any other fine or toilet soaps4 ,,flatulent ,,or ,,wind ,,colic4 ,this is an entirely different disease from the ,spasmodic ,colic4 ,it often originates with something that the horse has eaten and then drinking large quantities of water1 by which the food becomes fermented and creates a gastric gas1 which enlarges to a greater or less extent1 sometimes to twenty or thirty times the bulk of the food4 ,it generally takes place in the stomach1 but at times in the small or large intestines4 ,,symptoms4 ,the horse suddenly slacks his pace1 perhaps lays or falls down as if he were shot4 ,in the stable he paws the floor with his fore feet1 lays down and rolls1 starts up instantly and throws himself down again with greater violence1 looks wistfully at his flanks1 and makes many fruitless efforts to void his urine4 ,here the symptoms are similar to other colics1 but the true character of the disease soon develops itself4--,it is in one of the large intestines1 and the belly swells all round1 but mostly on the right flanks and as the disease progresses the pain becomes more intense1 and the horse more violent4 ,the treatment is quite different from other colics4 ,,remedy ,,no4 #a4 ,take #a ounce of the chlorate of lime and pint of warm water1 put it into a bottle and shake well1 so as to dissolve1 then give it as a drench which will devour the gas1 and cause the swelling to subside4 ,if in fifteen minutes after this has been given1 the pain does not seem to have been alleviated1 take #d ounces of spirits of ,pimento1 and #a ounce of ,laudanum1 mix it with pint of warm water and give it also as a drench4 ,if you have no pimento and it is not convenient to get it1 take #b ounces of peppermint1 and #a ounce of laudanum1 and should you not have laudanum1 take a larger quantity of peppermint with pint of warm water1 and give it as a drench4 ,in this disease no time should be lost1 as it very often runs its course in from #a to #b hours4 ,if the first should not give relief in #ae or #bj minutes1 repeat it until it does4 ,rubbing the belly with a smooth rail or pole will greatly facilitate the action of the medicine4 ,should you not have any of the above remedies on hand or convenient1 use from #a to #b ounces of golden tincture as the case may require4 ,,remedy ,,no4 #b4 ,in the first place take #b ounces of the essence of peppermint1 mixed with pint of warm water and give it to him as a drench1 then take a bat of common raw cotton and set fire to it1 holding it close to the nostrils of the horse1 so that he can freely inhale the smoke arising therefrom2 continue this until you see that the horse is relieved4 ,the quantity of cotton used is from #d to #e bats1 as the necessity of the case may require4 ,this is a simple and safe remedy1 and numbers who have tried it say that they have never known it to fail4 ,i saw a horse that had suffered from the colic for nearly three hours1 being puffed up almost to bursting1 and in half an hour after this operation had been performed on him1 he was completely cured4 ,,spasmodic ,,colic4 ,this is a disease to which horses generally are subject1 and in consequence of improper treatment1 it often proves fatal4 ,it is produced by improper riding1 feeding1 watering1 and may arise from a want of proper action in the bowels1 which occasions constriction of the intestines and a confinement of the air4 ,,symptoms4 ,the horse begins to shift his position1 looks around at his flanks1 paws violently1 strikes his belly with his feet1 and crouches in a peculiar manner1 advancing his hind legs under him1 he then suddenly lies or rather falls down1 and balances himself on his back with his feet resting on his belly4 ,the pain seems to have ceased for a while1 and he gets up and shakes himself2 he begins to feed1 but in a short time the pain returns1 and is more violent than before2 he heaves at the flanks1 breaks out in a profused perspiration1 and throws himself more recklessly4 ,the pulse is little affected in the commencement1 but as the disease progresses1 it becomes full4 ,legs and ears of a natural temperature4 ,the affection of the strength scarcely perceivable4 ,,remedy4 ,relief may be obtained from motion in this disease4 ,take #a ounce of turpentine1 #a ounce of laudanum1 pint of gin or good whiskey1 pint of warm water4 ,mix and give it as a drench4 ,bleed1 and if not relieved in half an hour1 repeat the dose1 rubbing the belly with a stout brush or a smooth rail4 ,if not relieved in #ae or #bj minutes1 repeat the dose and continue it until relief is obtained4 ,if the horse be walked about or trotted moderately1 it will relieve the spasms4 ,a glyster with warm soap suds should be injected1 which may be done by burning the peth out of elder1 and filling a bladder with the suds1 then tie the bladder on the elder tight and force it into the fundament1 occasionally throwing the warm suds in until it operates2 if a reasonable portion of it remains1 it will do no harm if it does not operate1 but will help to relieve the spasms4 ,this should be done immediately1 as in most cases no time is to be lost4 ,a glyster of tobacco smoke may be thrown in as a last resort4 ,keep the horse in a warm stable and give bran mash and plenty of warm or thin gruel for two or three days4 ,the turpentine1 laudanum1 gin and warm water were never known to fail if given at the proper time4 ,should you not have these medicines at hand1 give #b or #c ounces of peppermint every #ae or #bj minutes until the horse is relieved2 or if you have no peppermint1 give same quantity of golden tincture4 ,the gruel for feeding is made by putting any quantity of bran into a bucket or tub1 then pour boiling water over it1 so as to scald it thoroughly1 and cover it with a cloth until it is cool enough for him to eat4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,bladder4 ,in this disease and inflammation of the kidneys1 the symptoms are nearly similar2 therefore1 in order to ascertain whether the disease is inflammation of the bladder or inflammation of the kidneys1 it is necessary to introduce the hand into the rectum1 where you will find the bladder immediately under the hand1 if it feels hard and full1 accompanied by more than natural heat and tenderness1 it is a sure case of inflammation of the bladder1 but if the bladder is empty and no increased heat is apparent1 then it must be a case of inflammation of the kidneys4 ,in treating these two diseases--though the symptoms are so much alike--be very careful to observe that the course of treatment recommended in each is entirely different1 and should you give the medicine prescribed for inflammation of the bladder for that of the kidneys1 it will greatly endanger the life of the horse4 ,,symptoms4 ,the early symptoms in this disease are generally those of fever1 but the seat of the disease soon becomes apparent4 ,the horse occasionally looks round at his flanks1 stands with his hind legs wide apart1 is unwilling to lie down1 straddles as he walks1 evinces great pain in turning1 shrinks when his loins are pressed2 the loins feel hot1 the urine is voided in small quantities1 which is often highly colored and sometimes bloody2 he tries to urinate very often and strains painfully1 but the discharge is nearly or quite suppressed2 the pulse is quick1 hard and full at first1 but rapidly becomes small1 indicating a disease of the urinary organs1 yet not distinguishing inflammation of the bladder from inflammation of the kidneys4 ,,treatment--,,remedy4 ,when you feel satisfied that it is a case of inflammation of the bladder1 blister the loins with the blister ointment and give #a ounce of turpentine with #a ounce of laudanum4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,kidneys4 ,the symptoms of this disease are similar to those of inflammation of the bladder1 but are to be treated in quite a different manner4 ,inflammation of the kidneys is brought on by over-riding1 heavy loads1 improper feeding1 and sometimes by being poled on the haunches1 or across the kidneys and loins4 ,,treatment--,,remedy4 ,place a mustard plaster made with vinegar across the loins and bleed4 ,after this give an active purge1 and when it begins to abate give of white helebore from to of a drachm1 and #a drachms of tartar emetic1 with a pint of warm water1 this should be repeated #b or #c times a day1 according to the nature of the disease4 ,for drink1 give him warm water or gruel as much as he will drink1 and keep the back and loins warm and comfortable4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,lungs4 ,this disease is generally brought on by sudden cold1 hard driving1 high feeding1 c4 ,,symptoms4 ,the first appearance of this disease is generally marked by fits of shivering1 accompanied with a coldness throughout the entire body1 which1 however1 gradually wears off1 and he becomes warm1 except the ears and feet2 but it sometimes commences slowly1 with a hard1 dry cough1 which appears to give the horse great pain2 he appears dull1 and refuses to eat his food2 the pulse is obscure and oppressed--he heaves at the flanks1 the nostrils are extended1 the eye-lids and linings of the nose are inflamed with a disagreeable running at the nose1 experiences great difficulty in breathing1 seems very stiff1 is unwilling to lie down or move1 and often stands until completely exhausted4 ,,treatment--,,remedy4 ,bleed until the pulse becomes round and full1 and then the heart will be able to accomplish its object2 next hand rub the legs1 well1 wrap them up with flannel bandages as high as the knees1 put a blanket on the horse to keep him warm1 but let the stable have a sufficient opening to admit the fresh air1 not so much as to make it cold or chilly4 ,in warm weather the horse cannot have too much fresh air4 ,the following prescription will be found very beneficial3 #a drachm powdered foxglove1 #a 8 tartar emetic1 #c 8 nitre1 #d 8 tincture of aloes1 pint of warm water4 ,mix well1 give it as a drench and clyster with soap and warm water2 when the focus has become softened a little1 leave off using the tincture of aloes1 but continue to administer the remaining portion of the above prescription1 and blister the sides and brisket with the blister ointment every #f hours4 ,if the ointment should act well on the first application1 there is no further need for it1 but should it not act properly continue the blistering until it does1 or until the parts become very sore1 and in two or three days after dress with lard4 ,in the latter stages of the disease it will be found very difficult to get the blister to act properly on account of the exhaustion of the natural powers of the animal1 but it must be continued1 and the sinking energies aroused1 or the horse is lost4 ,the blister is often prevented from acting by the gig being up4 ,in this disease the treatment should be prompt and decisive1 as not a moment of time is to be lost4 ,the first object should be to subdue the inflammation1 and if the mouth continues hot1 the extremities cold1 and the nose red1 the horse must be bled again and again in rapid succession1 the good that we can do must be done immediately or not at all4 ,the first step to be taken in this disease is to bleed profusely--let the lancet used be a large1 broad shouldered one1 in order that the blood may be extracted as quick as possible and the disease destroyed without impairing the strength of the animal4 7,if the blood be allowed to flow slowly in a small stream1 the strength of the animal will be sapped1 while the disease remains untouched47 ,let the blood flow until the pulse falters and the horse begins to tremble2 no harm will be done however if he should fall by bleeding in this disease4 ,as soon as possible after the bleeding1 give the medicine prescribed2 then hand rub and bandage1 and cover with warm blankets2 feed him on bran mash and let him run to grass for a month4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,bowels4 ,this disease arises from various causes1 and is frequently brought on by long standing costiveness1 neglected gripes1 or hard riding1 over heating and immediately drinking of cold water4 ,,symptoms4 ,in many cases of this disease fits of shivering or restlessness are the first indications of its approach2 the mouth becomes hot1 the nose red1 the horse begins to evince the most intense pain by pawing1 striking at his belly with his feet1 looking wildly at his flanks1 groaning and rolling4 ,the pulse is quick but small1 the ears and feet cold1 the belly tender to the touch and sometimes hot1 the breathing is quickened1 the bowels costive1 and the horse rapidly becoming fearfully weak4 ,he paws and stamps as in the colic1 but the pulse is much quicker than in that disease1 and the pain becomes constant without any intermissions1 as occur in colic4 ,,treatment--,,remedy4 ,commence by bleeding profusely1 taking at least #g or #h quarts of blood1 or as much as the horse can bear1 which must be done immediately1 or a fatal termination may be looked for4 ,if the horse does not seem to have been relieved or the pulse become round and full1 the bleeding must be repeated as the only means of subduing the inflammation1 which is the immediate cause of the weakness4 ,if the inflammation is subdued by the extraction of the blood the weakness will soon disappear4 ,after the bleeding1 make a strong decoction of aloes and opium or laudanum1 say #a ounce of laudanum with the same quantity of the tincture of aloes1 and give it to the horse2 this must be quickly followed by back-raking and an injection of soap and warm water or thin gruel1 in which epsom salts or aloes may be dissolved in moderate quantities2 repeat this until the bowels are completely cleaned out4 ,he should be given as much warm water or thin gruel as he will drink1 and half the quantity of tincture of aloes and laudanum should be administered every two or three hours until the bowels are freely opened4 ,blister the sides and belly with common blistering ointment and bandage the legs up to the knees with flannel1 cover him with blankets as directed in inflammation of the lungs1 and give him a comfortable stable1 but not too hot1 with plenty of fresh air4 ,no corn or hay should be allowed in this disease--bran mash will answer very well for feed1 but green meat is preferable if it can be had4 ,turn him out for two or three hours in the middle of the day if not too cold2 give the legs good hand-rubbing every day2 continue to clyster with thin gruel for two or three days4 ,,bots ,,or ,,grubs4 ,the ,bots or ,grubs are small worms of a red or brownish color1 found in the stomach1 and it is considered almost impossible for them to do any harm1 but a horse that has the bots1 grubs or worms1 loses flesh1 becomes hide bound and dull4 ,,symptoms4 ,in this disease a yellowish matter is often found under the horse's tail2 he has pain1 stamps and rolls1 switches his tail between his legs1 turns up his upper lip1 and frequently looks round to his flanks1 and often tries to rub his fundament against the wall1 or any other place that he can4 ,,treatment--,,remedy ,,no4 #a4 ,first give an active purge1 and if that is not sufficient to expel them1 take #b drachms of tartar emetic1 with a small quantity of tin or pewter filings1 or a little ground glass1 make into balls or pills1 and give one every morning for two weeks2 if it is necessary1 the balls can be made with a little tar1 which will also improve the condition of the horse4 ,,remedy ,,no4 #b4 ,take #a pint of common honey and give it as a drench2 in two hours after give an active purge3--#a pint of molasses added to #a pint of soft soap and a handful of salt will answer very well4 ,repeat the dose if it does not operate in four or five hours4 ,,membranes ,,of ,,the ,,nose4 ,,showing ,,the ,,symptoms ,,that ,,mark ,,the ,,different ,,stages ,,of ,,the ,,disease4 #ast4--,the pale pink hue1 when the horse is in perfect health4 #b;d4--,an increased tinge of red1 and the gradual uniform painting of the membrane1 indicating some excitement of the general system4 #c;d4--,the streaked appearance when inflammation is threatening or commencing4 #dth4--,the intense florid red1 of inflammation being acute4 #eth4--,the starting of the vessels from their gossamer coat1 and their seeming to run bare over the membranes1 when inflammation has attained its highest point4 #fth4--,the pale ground1 with patches of vivid red1 showing the half subdued but still existing fever4 #gth4--,the uniform color1 but of a deeper red than natural1 indicating the return of a healthy state of the circulation4 #hth4--,a paleness approaching to white1 with a slight radiation of crimson1 showing that there is still considerable irritability1 and that mischief may be in the wind4 #ith4--,the pale1 livid color1 warning you that the disease is assuming a typhoid character4 #ajth4--,the deep livid1 announcing that the typhus is establishing1 and that the vital current is stagnating4 #aath4--,the brown or dirty painting1 intermingling with and subduing the lividness1 denoting that the game is up4 #abth4--,these appearances will be guides to our opinions and treatment1 which can never be too highly appreciated4 ,,the ,,eyes4 ,from the eye of the horse we form an idea of his age4 ,there is1 at the back of the eye a considerable quantity of fatty substance1 on which it may revolve easily1 without friction4 ,in aged horses much of this disappears1 the eye becomes sunken1 and the pit above it deepens3 ,the eye is a very important organ of the horse1 and should be large1 clear1 shining1 lively1 dark colored1 round and full1 so that you may look deep into them2 when moving but a small portion of the white should show1 and the purchaser who notices this should pause ere he completes his bargain for a horse that shows too much of the whites of his eyes4 ,,the ,,ears4 ,those who are acquainted with the nature of the horse pay much attention to the size and motion of the ear4 ,ears rather small than large1 placed not too far apart1 erect and quick in motion1 indicate both breeding and spirit4 ,if a horse is frequently in the habit of carrying one ear forward and the other backward1 and especially when on a journey1 he generally possesses both spirit and continuance2 and if attentive to what is taking place about him1 he cannot be much fatigued or likely soon to become so4 ,,staggers4 ,a number of opinions have been advanced in relation to the origin and seat of this disease4 ,some think that it is confined entirely to the head1 while others say that the lungs are also affected2 that it originates in the stomach1 from which it is removed by the action of the lymphatic vessels1 and being thrown into the circulation is diffused throughout the entire system1 and carried by the arteries into the lungs1 through which all the blood in a horse's body passes many times during an hour1 where it undergoes a change1 thus depositing a portion of the poisonous matter that had been received into the stomach in the lungs4 ,it is common to horses of all ages and conditions1 and is a very rare case where it does not prove fatal4 ,,symptoms4 ,the symptoms in this disease are feebleness1 drowsiness1 loss of appetite1 a constant hanging of the head1 with inflamed eyes1 nearly closed2 he kicks1 rears and plunges1 seemingly unconscious of what he is doing2 it is dangerous for any one to approach him in this state2 the ears and forehead hot1 accompanied by a burning fever4 ,,treatment--,,remedy4 ,the first step to be taken in this disease is to relieve the overloaded organs of the brain1 which should be done by opening the neck or jugular vein with a large lancet1 that the blood may flow freely4 ,no definite quantity of blood need be taken1 but let it run until the horse begins to falter and blow2 or1 perhaps1 with more assurance of success1 until he falls4 ,immediately after inject freely with warm water1 and give as a drench ounce of aloes1 ounce of ginger1 and pint of warm water2 feed on bran mash and green meal4 ,,rabies ,,or ,,madness4 ,if a horse be bitten by a dog or horse that is affected with rabies or madness1 the wound should be well burned out with caustic1 7nitrate of silver17 and on the third day after remove the scab and repeat the operation4 ,the caustic should reach every part of the wound4 ,the following remedy has often been administered1 and found effectual in nine cases out of every ten4 ,take #b ounces of fresh leaves of tree-box1 #b 8 8 of rue1 8 sage1 ,chop these very fine and boil in a pint of water down to half a pint2 strain carefully1 and press out the liquor1 put back the ingredients into a pint of milk1 and boil again to half a pint2 strain as before1 mix both liquors1 which forms three doses for a human subject4 ,double this quantity for a horse or cow4 ,two-thirds of the quantity is sufficient for a large dog1 half for a middling sized1 and one-third for a small dog4 ,three doses are sufficient each subsequent morning fasting1 giving the quantity directed1 being that which forms these three doses4 ,,injury ,,of ,,the ,,eye4 ,the eye itself of the horse is rarely injured by blows and bruises carelessly inflicted by passionate persons1 but the substance that surrounds it may be seriously wounded1 and considerable inflammation ensue--this may be abated by the application of poultices1 bleeding and physicing4 ,sometimes the eye-lids become inflamed from the same cause--fomentations of warm water will be serviceable in this case4 ,the horse occasionally has a scaly eruption on the edges of the eye-lids1 attended with much itching1 in the effort to allay which the eye is often blemished by being rubbed against some hard substance--the nitriated ointment of quicksilver1 mixed with an equal quantity of lard may be slightly rubbed on the edges of the lids1 with good effect4 ,warts are sometimes attached to the edges of the lids1 and are a source of great irritation--they should be removed with a pair of sharp scissors1 and their roots touched with lunar caustic4 ,in common inflammation of the eye1 free bleeding1 cooling applications1 physic and mash diet will usually allay the evil2 the tincture of opium is a good lotion4 ,,lampass4 ,the lampass is a swelling of the gums on the inner side of the upper jaw1 to which young horses are mostly subject1 and sometimes suffer considerably before it is discovered4 ,in some cases the swelling will subside without further medical treatment than administering a few alteratives1 and feeding on bran mashes1 but should this fail it will have to be cured by cutting across the bars with a lancet or pen-knife4 ,if1 however1 it returns in three or four months after this operation1 which it sometimes does1 take a sharp1 flat piece of iron1 a little crooked at one end1 heat it and burn out the disease a little below the level of the teeth1 being very careful not to let the iron rest or bear against the teeth4 ,after this operation give the horse a little meal1 mixed with a small quantity of salt1 and feed on mashes4 ,,the ,,process ,,of ,,teething4 ,at #a years of age the mark in the central nippers will be much shorter and fainter2 that in the other pairs will have undergone an evident change1 and all the nippers become flat4 ,at #b years this will be more manifest1 and about this period a fifth will appear4 ,now1 likewise1 another process is commencing3 the first teeth are adapted to the size and wants of the young animal1 and are sufficiently large to fill the colt's jaws4 ,at #c years old the horse should have the central permanent nippers growing1 the other two pairs wasting away2 six grinders in each jaw above and below1 the first and fifth level with the others1 and the sixth protruding2 the sharp edge of the incisors1 which will be very evident when compared to the neighboring teeth4 ,at #d years the central nippers will be fully developed1 with the edge somewhat worn off1 and the mark in them shorter1 wider and fainter2 the next pair will have made their appearance with the mark deep1 and extending entirely across them4 ,the corner nippers will be larger than the inside ones1 yet smaller than they were and flat1 with the mark nearly effaced4 ,the sixth grinder will have become level with the others1 and the tushes beginning to make their appearance4 ,at #e years the horse's mouth is almost perfect4 ,the corner nippers are quite up with the long1 deep mark1 irregular on the inside1 and the other nippers bearing evident tokens of increasing wearing4 ,the tush is much grown1 the grooves have almost or quite disappeared1 and the outer surface is regularly convex4 ,at #f years the mark on the central nippers is worn out1 though there is still a difference in the color of the centre of the teeth4 ,the cement filling the hole1 made by the dipping in of enamel1 will present a browner hue than the other part of the teeth4 ,at #g years the mark in the manner which we have described it1 has worn out in the four central nippers1 and is fast disappearing in the corner teeth2 the tush also is beginning to alter--it is rounding at the point1 the edges1 and without1 and beginning to get round inside4 ,at #h years old the tush is rounded in every way1 the mark has disappeared from all the bottom nippers1 and it may almost be said to be out of the mouth4 ,there is nothing remaining in the bottom nippers afterward that can clearly show the age of the horse4 ,,chest ,,founder4 ,i believe this disease to be nothing more than the rheumatism1 produced by suffering the horse to remain too long tied up and exposed to the cold1 or riding him against a very bleak wind4 ,,symptoms4 ,the horse has considerable stiffness in moving1 evidently not arising from the feet2 there is a tenderness about the muscles of the breast and occasional swelling2 it is sometimes accompanied with a considerable degree of fever4 ,,treatment--,,remedy4 ,bleeding1 physic1 and a rowel in the chest1 warm stabling and warm clothing1 with occasional doses of antimonial powder1 will soon subdue the complaint4 ,,inflammation4 ,inflammation consists of an increased flow of the blood to and through the parts4 ,the proper mode of abating which is to lessen the quantity of blood--if we take away the fuel1 the fire will go out--all other means are comparatively unimportant contrasted with bleeding4 ,blood is generally extracted from the jugular vein1 so that the general quantity may be lessened1 but if it can be taken from the neighborhood of the diseased part1 it will be productive of tenfold benefit3 one quart of blood extracted from the foot in acute founder1 will do more good than five quarts taken from the general circulation2 an ounce of blood obtained by scarifying the swollen vessels of the inflamed eye1 will give as much relief to that organ as a copious bleeding from the jugular4 ,this is a principle in the animal's nature which should never be lost sight of2 hence the necessity for bleeding early and largely in inflammation of the lungs1 or of the bowels1 or of the brain1 or of any important organ4 ,many horses are lost for want of1 or insufficiency in bleeding1 but we never knew of one being materially injured by the most copious extraction of blood4 ,it is very difficult to decide when a cold or hot application is to be used1 and no general rule can be laid down1 except that in cases of inflammation in the early stages1 cold will be preferable1 but when the inflammation is deeper seated or fully established1 warm fomentations will be found most serviceable4 ,stimulating applications are frequently used in local inflammation4 ,when the disease is deeply seated1 a stimulating application to the skin will cause some irritation and inflammation there1 and lessen or remove the malady2 hence the use of rowels and blisters in inflammation of the chest4 ,if we excite it in one1 we shall abate it in the other1--and also1 by the discharge which we establish from the one1 we shall lessen the determination of the other4 ,stimulating and blistering applications should never be applied to a part that is already inflamed4 ,a fire will not go out by heaping more fuel upon it2 hence the mischief which is often done by rubbing those abominable oils on a recent sprain1 hot and tender4 ,many a horse has been ruined by this absurd treatment1 when the heat and tenderness have disappeared by the use of cold lotions or fomentations4 ,when the leg or sprained part remains enlarged long or matter threatens to be deposited1 it may be right to excite inflammation of the skin by a blister1 in order to rouse the deeper seated absorbants to action and enable them to take up this deposit2 but1 except to hasten the natural process and effects of inflammation1 a blister or stimulating application should never be applied to a part already inflamed4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,larynx4 ,he who is desirous of ascertaining whether there is any disease in the larynx of a horse1 should apply his ear to the lower part of the windpipe4 ,if he finds that the air passes in and out without interruption1 there is no disease of any consequence1 either in the windpipe or the chest1 for it would be immediately detected by the loudness or the interruption of the murmur4 ,then let him gradually proceed up the neck with his ear still upon the windpipe2 perhaps he soon begins to recognize a little gurgling sound4 ,he can have no surer proof that there is the seat of the disease4 ,,treatment--,,remedy4 ,the treatment here is very plain3 ,blood must be copiously extracted from the jugular vein1 which must be done quickly1 letting it run until the pulse begins to flutter1 then administer the fever medicine3 #a drachm digitalis1 #a 8 emetic tartar1 #c 8 nitre1 ounce aloes1 ,which must be repeated twice or thrice in the day4 ,aloes may be safely given at this stage of the disease1 because the chest is not yet implicated4 ,to this must be added immediately a blister1 and a sharp one4 ,,epidemics4 ,in epidemics all offensive matter should be immediately and carefully cleared away1 and no small portion of the chloride of lime used in washing the stables1 troughs1 c41 and particularly his ulcers1 c4 ,,chronic ,,cough4 ,if a harsh hollow cough is accompanied by a staring coat2 it proceeds from irritability of the air passages1 which will be discovered by the horse coughing after drinking1 or when he first goes out of the stable in the morning1 or by occasionally snorting out thick mucus from the nose1 medicine may be given with advantage to diminish the irritation2 generally small doses of digitalis1 emetic tartar and nitre administered at night4 ,take ,digitalis drachm1 ,emetic tartar #a drachm1 ,nitre #a drachm4 ,this should be mixed into a ball with tar and given every night regularly for a considerable length of time4 ,a blister extending from the root of one ear to that of the other1 taking in the whole of the channel and reaching six or eight inches down the windpipe has been tried with good effect4 ,feeding has much influence on this complaint3 too much dry meat1 and especially chaff increases it2 carrots afford decided relief4 ,,thick ,,or ,,broken ,,wind4 ,there is no remedy for the cure of this but it may be improved4 ,the horse should have full proportions of solid food1 but very little hay1 and no chaff2 he should not be worked immediately after a heavy meal2 water should be given in moderate quantities1 but the horse should not be suffered to drink as much as he likes until the day's work is over2 green meat will always be serviceable1 and carrots are particularly useful4 ,,physicing4 ,a horse should be carefully prepared for the action of physic4 ,two or three bran mashes given on that or the preceding day1 which should be continued until the dung becomes softened1 as a less quantity of physic will then suffice4 ,on the day which the physic is given1 the horse should have walking exercise1 or may be gently trotted for a quarter of an hour twice in the day2 but after the physic begins to work1 he should not be moved from his stall4 ,a little hay may be put in the rack1 and as much mash given as the horse will eat1 and as much water as he will drink with the coldness off4 ,aloes is the best purgative1 for there is no other that is at once so sure and safe--the dose is from to #a ounce1 if the horse is properly prepared4 ,the only other purgative on which dependence can be placed is the croton2 the dose varies from #a scruple to a drachm4 ,linseed oil is an uncertain but safe purgative1 in doses from a pint to a pint and a half4 ,epsom salts are an inefficacious remedy except in the immense dose of a pound and a half1 and then they are not always safe4 ,,sprains ,,of ,,the ,,back ,,sinews4 ,should there remain the slightest lameness or enlargement1 the leg must be blistered2 and it would seldom be a bad practice to blister after every case of severe sprain4 ,the inflammation may lay deep1 and the part once sprained may long remain weak1 and subject to renewed injury1 not from unusual but ordinary exertion4 ,the horse should be afterwards turned out for one or two months4 ,we must here again repeat that a blister should never be used while any heat remains4 ,,enlargement ,,of ,,the ,,hock4 ,a horse with an enlarged hock must always be regarded with suspicion3 in truth he is unsound4 ,the animal may discharge his usual work during a long period1 without return of lameness1 but when all his energies are required1 the weakened part will fail4 ,the treatment is plain enough3 fomentations1 blistering1 c4 may remedy the evil4 ,,sprain ,,of ,,the ,,coffin ,,joint4 ,the proof of this is when the lameness is sudden1 and the heat and tenderness are principally felt around the cornet4 ,bleeding at the toe1 physic1 fomentations and blisters are the usual means adopted4 ,this lameness is not easily removed even by a blister1 and if removed like sprains of the fetlock and of the back sinews1 it is apt to return again4 ,sprains of the coffin joint sometimes become a very serious affair2 not being attended by any swelling1 and being detected only by heat around the coronet4 ,first reduce the heat by fomentations3 say bathe the foot with water as warm as the hand will bear1 fomentate with this for #ae or #bj minutes--the long continuance of fomentations has been found very efficacious in reducing inflammation2 next apply a clay poultice made with vinegar1 and when getting dry moisten by pouring vinegar on the foot and clay4 ,after the heat has left the parts1 then blister4 ,the horse should not be used for a month or two4 ,,grease4 ,grease consists of swollen legs1 although swelled legs occur frequently1 yet there is no grease4 ,friction and bandaging will generally remove this4 ,grease is a specific inflammation of the skin of the heels1 sometimes of the forefeet1 but oftener of the hinder ones4 ,it is not a contagious disease1 as some have asserted although when it once appears in a stable1 it frequently attacks almost every horse in it4--,bad stable management is the true cause of it4 ,the first appearance of grease is usually a dry and scurfy state of the skin of the heel1 with redness1 heat and itching4 ,the heel should be well but gently washed with soap and water1 and as much of the scurf detached as is easily removed4 ,if the cracks are deep1 with an ichorous discharge and considerable lameness1 it will be necessary to poultice4 ,a poultice made of carrots boiled soft and mashed will answer the purpose4 ,the efficacy of a carrot poultice is seldom sufficiently appreciated in cases like this4 ,the poultice just referred to should be diligently applied at night1 to insure success1 and when the heat and tenderness and stiffness of motion have diminished1 astringent lotions should be applied4 ,either the alum lotion or a strong decoction of oak bark--perhaps the alum dissolved in whiskey will do better than water1 or the alum dissolved in a decoction of bark will answer better than either4 ,this disease requires perseverance--the decoctions should be made very strong4 ,after washing several times should there be watery matter on the heels or leg1 wash it off with wafer and soap4 ,moderate physicing1 bran mashes1 c4 will be found very beneficial4 ,the above decoctions will never fail to cure the scratches4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,feet1 ,,acute ,,founder4 ,this is a disease that was less understood than any other until very recently4 ,it often arises by allowing a horse that is very much heated to stand in the snow or cold water for any length of time1 or where he is apt to become chilled1 which produces a general stiffness throughout the entire system2 but it will soon be observed that the seat of the disease is in the feet1 by the disinclination of the horse to remain upon them4 ,,symptoms4 ,the earliest symptoms of fever in the feet are restiveness1 frequent shifting of the fore legs1 but no pawing4 ,the pulse is quickened1 the flanks heaving1 the nostrils red and his moaning indicating great pain4 ,he looks about his litter1 as if preparing to lie down2 he continues to shift his weight from foot to foot2 he is afraid to draw his feet sufficiently under him for the purpose of lying down1 but at length he drops4 ,his lying down will distinguish inflammation of the feet from that of the lungs1 in which the horse obstinately persists in standing until he drops4 ,his quietness when down will distinguish it from colic or inflammation of the bowels4 ,he will point out the seat of the disease by looking at the part2 his muzzle will often rest on the feet or affected foot4 ,,treatment--,,remedy ,,no4 #a4 ,the treatment in this disease resembles that of other inflammations4 ,bleeding is indispensable and that to its fullest extent4 ,four quarts of blood should be taken from the toe of the foot1 which may be put into warm water to quicken the flow of blood4 ,poultices of linseed meal1 made very soft1 should cover the whole of the foot and pastern1 and be frequently renewed4 ,this will relieve its painful pressure on the swelled and tender parts beneath4 ,the shoe should be removed1 the sole pared as thin as possible1 the crust and quarters well washed--all this should be done gently4 ,sedatives and cooling medicines should be diligently administered1 consisting of digitalis1 nitre and tartar emetic1 #a drachm digitalis1 #b drachms tartar emetic1 #c drachm saltpetre4 ,if no amendment is apparent after this1 blood should again be extracted on the following day4 ,in extreme cases1 a third bleeding may be justifiable1 and instead of the poultice1 cloths kept wet with water in which nitre has been dissolved1 in the proportion of an ounce of nitre to a pint of water4 ,the cloths should be wrapped around the feet4 ,,treatment--,,remedy ,,no4 #b4 ,take #a quart sweet milk1 #a quart molasses1 oz4 pulverized saltpetre1 mix and dissolve all together1 give in #b drenches about #e minutes apart3 this is highly recommended by those who have tried it4 ,,restiveness1 ,,or ,,taming ,,horses4 ,mr4 ,catlin has published an account1 the veracity of which is unimpeached1 of his travels among the ,north ,american ,indians4 8,he coils his lasso on his arm and gallops fearlessly into the herd of wild horses4 ,he soon gets it over the neck of one of the number1 when he instantly dismounts1 leaving his own horse1 letting the lasso pass out gradually and carefully through his hands until the horse falls for want of breath4 ,the ,indian advances1 keeping the lasso tight upon his neck until he fastens a pair of hobbles on the animals two fore feet1--then passing a noose round the under jaw by which he obtains great power over the affrighted animal1 that is rearing and plunging when it gets breath4 ,by this means he gradually advances until he is able to place his hand on the animal nose and over its eyes1 and at length to breathe into its nostrils1 when it soon becomes docile and conquered2 so that he has little else to do than remove the hobbles from its feet1 and lead or ride it to the camp40 ,mr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,moss happened to read this account1 and he felt a natural desire to ascertain how far this mode of horse training might be employed among the ,american horses4 ,he soon had an opportunity of putting the veracity of the story to the test4 ,a man on a neighboring farm was attempting to break a very restive colt1 which had foiled him in every possible way4 ,after several attempts1 he succeeded in breathing into one of the horse's nostrils1 and from that moment all became easy4 ,the horse was completely subdued4 ,he suffered himself to be led quietly away with a loose halter1 and was perfectly at command4 ,,brood ,,mares4 ,great care and attention should be paid to brood mares1 particularly three or four weeks before foaling4 ,she should be worked up to the day of foaling1 being very careful not to overwork or exert her too much2 light and moderate work is an advantage to the animal with foal4 ,she should be fed on a little flax seed meal1 or the whole seed if the meal cannot be obtained1 twice a week at least six or eight weeks before foaling1 and should never fail to turn out to grass of a night for several weeks previous to foaling4 ,should be fed on bran mash through the winter1 and up to the time of foaling1 which will be found very advantageous to both mare and colt4 ,there is nothing so refreshing as a bran mash with a little salt in it1 adding a reasonable quantity of corn and oats4 ,if this course and caution is taken you will not lose one mare out of a hundred1 and perhaps not one out of a thousand4 ,,warts4 ,warts are found on the eye-lids1 the muzzel1 the ears1 the belly1 the neck1 the penis1 and the prepuce4 ,there are some caustics available1 but frequently they must be removed by an operation4 ,if the root is very small it may be snapped asunder close to the skin with a pair of scissors1 and touched with lunar caustic4 ,if the pedicle or stem is somewhat larger1 a ligature of waxed silk should be passed firmly round it and tightened every day4 ,the source of nutriment being thus removed the tumor will in a short time die and drop off4 ,if the warts are large or in considerable clusters1 it will be necessary to cast the horse in order to cut them off close to the skin4 ,the root should then be seared with a red hot iron2 unless these precautions are used the warts will speedily sprout out again4 ,a ,,complete ,,list ,,of ,receipts ,belonging to the ,horse4 ,,and ,,their ,,uses4 ,,celebrated ,,horse ,,powders4 ,,for ,,the ,,cure ,,of ,,yellow ,,water1 ,,hide ,,bound1 ,,grub ,,worms1 ,,bots1 ,c4 ,these powders will cleanse the blood and give new life and vigor to the animal1 its effects will soon be made apparent4 ,they are harmless and can be fed with safety4 ,take pound gentian root4 #a 8 flour of brimstone1 #a 8 fenugreek1 8 alum1 8 gum asaftida1 #a 8 rosin1 8 angelica root1 8 rhubarb1 8 columbo1 #a 8 copperas1 #a 8 cut and dried tobacco1 8 cream of tartar1 8 red tartar1 #a 8 epsom salts1 #a 8 juniper berries1 8 garden benedict1 8 salts of nitre1 #a 8 spice berries1 #a 8 antimony1 #a 8 ginger1 ,mix and pulverize well4 ,the glass should be ground through a fine mill two or three times4 ,if the benedict and spice berries cannot be obtained it will do well without them4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use4 ,the dose is #a table spoonful night and morning1 with bran mash or oats1 which can be increased or diminished to suit the case4 ,by leaving out tobacco it will make an excellent powder for cows1 hogs1 sheep1 c4 ,,to ,,cure ,,galds ,,on ,,horses4 ,take dry white lead and sprinkle it on the gald twice a day1 which will dry it up and cure it in a short time4 ,,arabian ,,oil ,,for ,,horses4 ,this oil is an excellent mixture for sprains1 swellings1 galds1 c4 either for a human subject or a horse4 ,take #a quart of linseed oil1 #a pint of turpentine1 #d ounces oil of origanum #f 8 oil of spike1 #f 8 spirits of camphor1 #a 8 oil of sassafras4 ,mix and shake well before using1 and keep the vessel that contains it well corked4 ,the spirits of camphor is made by taking #ie per cent4 alcohol1 adding as much gum camphor as it will dissolve4 ,,for ,,the ,,bots4 ,dissolve in a pint of milk warm water lb4 of alum and give it as a drench2 in ten minutes after give #a pint of linseed oil4 ,,an ,,infallible ,,lotion ,,for ,,blows1 ,,bruises1 ,,swellings1 ,,sprains1 ,c4 ,this lotion is truly astonishing in its effects1 and cannot be surpassed for the purposes for which it is intended4 ,dissolve #b ounces of gum camphor in #a pint of #ie per cent4 alcohol1 and when dissolved add #b ounces oil of turpentine1 #b 8 spirits sal amoniac1 #a 8 oil origanum1 #b tablespoonsful laudanum4 ,this lotion must be well rubbed in with the hand for a full quarter of an hour every time it is used1 which should be four times a day4 ,,for ,,the ,,black ,,tongue4 ,take a handful of fine salt and rub well upon the tongue of the horse that has this disease1 which will effect a cure in two applications4 ,it is an infallible1 simple and cheap remedy4 ,,lotion ,,for ,,scratches ,,or ,,grease4 ,take white oak bark and make a strong decoction of it by boiling2 then dissolve a portion of pulverized alum in the decoction1 say pound of alum to a quart of decoction1 and it is ready for use4 ,before applying the lotion1 wash the parts with warm soap suds two or three times a day4 ,this lotion has never been known to fail when properly applied4 ,a lotion made of alum and water is said to be good4 ,,to ,,quiet ,,or ,,tame ,,horses4 ,take of the oil of roses #d drops1 oil of cummin #d drops1 and a portion of the wart or horney substance that forms on the leg1 powder it fine2 then drop the oil in and mix it in your hand1 put some up the horse's nostrils1 and give him some in his feed4 ,this is said to be a certain remedy for taming horses1 so that you may handle them as you please4 ,,treatment ,,of ,,founder4 ,as soon as it is ascertained that the horse is foundered1 take from the neck vein from #a to #b gallons of blood2 then give #a ounce of pulverized alum1 mixed with damp oats2 place the horse in a dry stall1 ground floor is best1 wrap the legs up as high as the knees and hock joints1 with woollen cloths1 saturate them with cold water for seven or eight hours2 give him no food for twenty-four hours1 and then let it be a light feed of oats and bran mash mixed4 ,in two or three days turn him out for exercise4 ,if the ankles continue feverish1 bathe them at night with equal parts of vinegar1 alcohol and sweet oil4 ,,for ,,urine ,,bound4 ,take dandeline leaves1 make a strong decoction and drench freely4 ,a decoction made of water-melon seeds will answer the same purpose4 ,whiskey will generally accomplish the object4 ,,for ,,the ,,distemper4 ,give the horse indigo water to drink3 feed on bran mash mixed with a small quantity of sulphor or brimstone2 or you may use some good horse powders1 adding thereto a little of the brimstone4 ,the easiest mode to tincture the water with the indigo is to put it into a common muslin bag2 then dip the bag into the water1 letting it remain until the water becomes bluish1 or until you think it contains a sufficient quantity of the indigo4 ,give no other water to drink4 ,this is a safe remedy4 ,,hoof ,,ointment4 ,take #a pound of tar and #a pound of tallow1 mix them with pound of common turpentine in a stone ware dish2 stir them until they are thoroughly mixed together4 ,this is an excellent dressing for sore hoofs1 for horses and oxen4 ,,embrocation ,,for ,,the ,,throat4 ,this embrocation may be used without taking the hair off4 ,take #b ounces spirits of hartshorn1 #b 8 oil of turpentine1 #b 8 spirits of camphor1 #a 8 laudanum4 ,mix well and put into a bottle2 keep it well corked4 ,,to ,,make ,,elder ,,ointment4 ,take the green leaves of elder1 if they can be had2 if not1 take of the inside bark any quantity and lard in proportion to the elder1 then fry to a crisp1 which will be found very efficacious in healing sores1 scalds1 burns1 sprains1 or any humorous swelling4 ,the elder alone fried in the same manner and strained1 makes a much better ointment4 ,this is worth making and keeping on hand1 as its cost is a mere trifle4 ,,for ,,blood ,,or ,,bog ,,spavin4 ,for curing the above disease dress with mercurial ointment two or three times1 and then with iodine ointment4 ,to make mercurial ointment1 take #a ounce of quicksilver to #c ounces of lard1 beat both together until thoroughly mixed4 ,iodine ointment is made by mixing equal quantities of iodine and mercurial ointment well together4 ,a ,,good ,,horse ,,powder4 ,the following prescription will make an excellent powder for ordinary purposes4 ,take #b pounds sulphor of brimstone1 #b 8 cream of tartar1 #a 8 antimonia1 #a 8 saltpetre4 ,the dose of this mixture is #a table spoonful morning and evening4 ,,on ,,blistering4 ,the ,spanish fly in its action is intense1 yet superficial4 ,it plentifully raises the cuticle1 yet rarely injures the true skin and therefore seldom blemishes4 ,the application of other acrid substances is occasionally followed by deeply seated ulceration2 but a blister composed of the ,spanish fly alone1 while it does its duty1 leaves1 after a few weeks have passed1 scarcely a trace behind4 ,the art of blistering consists in cutting or rather shaving the hair close1 then rubbing on the ointment at least ten minutes4 ,as soon as the vesicles have risen1 which will be in something like #bj hours1 you may relieve the animal by the application of olive or neatsfoot oil4 ,in inflammation of the lungs1 c41 it should be made to act sooner4 ,the principle of the blister is1 that no intense inflammation can exist in the neighboring parts at the same time4 ,an infusion of #b ounces of the flies in #a pint of oil of turpentine1 for several days1 is frequently used1 and with good effect4 ,this is a sure and safe remedy4 ,if in the winter blanket the horse to keep him warm until he is over it2 put a blanket over the head also if very cold4 ,,tincture ,,of ,,aloes ,,and ,,myrrh4 ,this will answer well for dressing either fresh or old wounds4 ,take #h ounces of powdered aloes1 #a 8 8 myrrh1 #a quart spirits of wine1 #a ounce water1 ,put these into a bottle and shake every day for two weeks1 when it will be ready for use4 ,this is an excellent preparation1 and can be relied on4 ,any person having horses should never be without this tincture1 the cost being but a mere trifle1 and will often and in every case save time1 trouble and expense1 where there is use for it4 ,,tincture ,,of ,,opium4 ,to make the above take #b ounces of powdered opium and #b pints spirits of wine1 put into a bottle and shake well every day for a week1 when it will be ready for use4 ,,common ,,blistering ,,ointment4 ,to make the above ointment which may be used for blistering in inflammation of the lungs1 bowels1 c4 ,take #a pounds of lard1 #b ounces venice turpentine1 #b 8 rosin1 #b 8 spanish flies1 powdered1 ,melt the rosin1 turpentine and lard in any common vessel1 and when the mixture begins to cool put in the powdered flies2 mix well by stirring4 ,before applying the blister clip or shave the hair off and grease1 rub well for ten minutes4 ,after it has acted1 grease with lard or oil4 ,,for ,,ring ,,bone ,,or ,,spavin4 ,the following will be found very useful for removing ring bone or spavin1 or any other bony substance4 ,take #h ounces of spanish flies1 #a pound of lard1 #a 8 rosin1 #f ounces of venice turpentine1 ,melt the lard1 rosin and turpentine over a slow fire1 and when beginning to cool add the spanish flies4 ,apply three mornings in succession2 and in twelve hours after the last application dress with lard2 keep out of the water while blistering1 which may be reduced with oil and used for the purpose of irritating and removing inflammation1 lameness1 c4 ,the horse should not get wet while blistering4 ,,spirits ,,of ,,pimento4 ,to make spirits of pimento take pound of ground allspice1 #a quart of alcohol4 #a 8 of water1 ,put these into a bottle and shake well before using4 ,it is now ready for use though it is better to let it stand several days4 ,this is a good lotion for the wind colic after the gas has been removed4 ,,tincture ,,of ,,iodine4 ,to make this tincture take #a ounce of iodine1 #a pint of spirits of wine1 and mix well4 ,it is very good for enlarged glands of the neck1 joints and muscles1 and may be used twice a day without taking the hair off4 ,,liniment ,,for ,,sprains1 ,,swellings1 c4 ,to make this liniment1 which will never fail in curing sprains1 swellings1 c4 c4 ,take #b ounces hartshorn1 #b 8 spirits camphor1 #a 8 oil of turpentine1 8 laudanum4 ,mix well together and put into a bottle1 being careful to keep it well corked4 ,,cooling ,,lotion ,,for ,,inflammation ,this is an excellent lotion for wounds of the eyes1 c4 to be used after bleeding freely4 ,take #b drachms sugar of lead1 #a 8 white vitriol1 #a pint lime water4 ,put them into a bottle and shake often1 so as to dissolve the ingredients4 ,apply it as a wash1 bathing the parts affected two or three times a day4 ,,for ,,the ,,sweaney4 ,this is a troublesome disease1 and is very common amongst horses4 ,it can easily be detected by examining the withers1 which will be slightly sunk1 and the skin becomes very tight to the muscles and flesh2 and if suffered to run on1 the horse will get very lame and the skin tight1 and the withers much sunken4 ,i have seen horses frequently have it on the rump or near the hip bone2 it would cause the horse to become very lame4 ,this disease should be attacked when first discovered1 and never suffer it to run on until the horse becomes very lame and the parts much sunken4 ,,remedy4 ,take #a pint strong vinegar1 8 #a gill spirits turpentine1 8 #a oz4 pulverized saltpetre4 ,put all into a bottle1 shake1 mix and dissolve well1 and it is fit for use4 ,rub the liniment on the sunken parts with the hand as much as will soak in twice a day1 until it becomes sore1 and the skin gets loose2 then apply once a day until all is used4 ,this liniment will never fail in curing if applied properly1 and is the only safe and sure remedy for sweaney4 ,i have never known it to fail2 you may grease with sweet oil #a day after using the last time4 ,this liniment will take off the hair1 but it will do no harm1 as the hair will come out in a short time as fine as ever1 and will not leave the least blemish4 ,the liniment must act on the skin1 and if it does not make sore or act on the skin1 add more spirits turpentine4 ,if you have a horse that has the sweaney1 do not put yourself to the trouble of getting any person to cure it for you1 or purchase any quack medicine for it2 but go to work and cure it yourself1 which can be done for #ab cents4 ,the horse should not be worked while using it4 ,i have known it to be cured whilst working the horse1 but the animal should not be punished in that way4 ,in case the first dose does not entirely relieve1 use the second time3 this you will have no need for if you do not work the horse4 ,,how ,,to ,,throw ,,or ,,make ,a ,,horse ,,lay ,,down4 ,whatever you may intend the horse to do1 it is always necessary to give him some idea what you wish him to do1 and repeat whatever it may be until the horse is sure to remember it4 ,to make a horse lay down1 bend the left fore leg until the hoof is nearly bottom upwards2 then fasten a loop over his leg above the pastern joint firmly1 so that he cannot get the foot down3 next fasten one end of another strap around his right foot above his hoof2 place the strap through the left leg where it is bent2 keep the strap in your right hand2 keep on the left side of the horse2 let the bridle have a strap to it2 bring this up over the opposite-side of his neck1 grasp it with your left hand1 drawing the strap steady1 so as to draw his head to the right2 pull steady with the right hand strap1 bearing against the shoulder to cause him to move2 when he does move1 he will come on his knees2 keep the strap tight1 so that he cannot straighten his leg2 keep him in this position1 turning his head towards you2 bear against his side slightly with your shoulder with an equal pressure2 in ten minutes or so1 he will be down4 ,as soon as he is down1 he will be conquered2 and you can handle as you please2 keep his head up1 now you may take off the straps1 straighten out his legs1 rub him about the face1 head and neck with your hand the way the hair lays2 handle all his legs gently1 and he will soon learn that you won't do him any harm4 ,after he has laid some #ae or #bj minutes1 let him get up again4 ,rest him a short time1 and make him lay down again as before3 repeat the operation three or four times which is sufficient for one lesson2 give him #c or #d lessons1 and he will lay down by taking hold of one foot1 and tapping him on the other leg with a stick while you have hold of his foot--finally he will lay down from the motion of the stick4 ,before you attempt to make a horse lay down1 place a thick bed of hay on the floor or ground1 so that he cannot hurt himself in the least4 ,if your horse is very scarry1 fretful or skittish after you have given him one or two lessons1 take something that will rattle or any thing that is calculated to frighten him1 rattle it and pass over his head and about him2 he may be much frightened at first1 keep his head up1 and he cannot get up1 and by continuing with this1 he will soon get used to it and not mind it4 ,it will be the same with a kicking horse after you pass over him with harness1 chains1 c4 he will soon become accustomed to it1 so that you can hitch him up and work him with safety4--,in all cases where horses have been broke of bad habits1 you should be cautious not to show him opportunities to learn his old tricks over4 ,the most gentle horse can be spoiled and brought into bad habits2 so you should be careful with the one that has just been broke from his bad habits4 ,the above is the only safe and sure course which you can pursue with a horse with bad habits4 ,i would here again press upon you when you have him on his knees1 to commence patting him under the belly--continue with gentle strokes upon the belly4 ,you will in a few minutes bring him to his knees behind3 continue the process and he will lay down and submit himself to your treatment4 ,by proceeding gently you may handle his feet and legs any way you choose4 ,by practising this process a few times1 you will find him perfectly gentle and submissive1 and will generally follow you1 and is unwilling to leave you unless he be very wild2 the first treatment will answer4--,should you have a very wild horse1 and cannot manage him1 take the button or horney substance which grows on the back part of the horse's leg2 dry this1 pulverize it fine1 drop a few drops of oil of roses and a few drops oil cummin2 put some of this up his nostrils3 this is best done by putting it in a large quill and blowing it up the nostril2 feed him with a small portion of it from off your hand1 with a little oats2 also breathe your breath into his nostrils2 by doing this1 he will permit you to handle his feet1 legs1 c4 or permit you to get on his back1 or suffer you to handle as you please4 ,by pursuing these courses1 and handling occasionally1 always letting him know what you want him to do1 you will be able to quiet and tame a horse to become perfectly gentle4 ,,rules ,,for ,a ,,horse ,,that ,,shyes4 ,when you have a horse that shyes or scares at a stump1 log or any object that may come in his way1 never whip him for it1 or attempt to force him up to it or by it4 ,but be easy with him1 try and get him up to the object by gentle handling2 patting and rubbing him on the neck1 shoulders1 c4 ,finally you will get him up to the object1 and he will smell or feel it with his nose4 ,if you pursue this course he will finally forget and give up the habit of scaring4 ,if you wish to satisfy yourself about this course1 take a buffalo robe or a red blanket1 place your horse in a yard and hold up the robe1 moving towards him2 he will soon throw up his head1 snort and run4 ,then throw the robe down in the centre of the yard2 if frightened he will not rest until he has touched it with his nose2 he will soon begin to walk toward the robe and snort1 getting a little closer until he touches it with his nose1 he will see that it will do him no harm1 and finally he will pick it up with his teeth and care nothing about it4 ,this will show you at once that if you can get him up to the object and let him feel it with his nose1 he will care nothing about it1 and soon forget his scaring1 c4--,when you try the robe experiment step up to one side and watch his motions1 and he will soon give you the principle upon which he acts4 ,the same course must be pursued in breaking wild colts2 go up to it cautiously and by degrees1 never rush up to it all at once2 be cautious1 watch the colt1 and if you see that he is frightened at your approach stop a little1 and when he becomes quiet approach a little nearer1 and so on until he will suffer you to touch his face1 then rub him gently the way the hair lays2 continue doing this until he will permit you to feel him pretty near all over2 then place your halter on him1 gently rubbing and feeling him over the face and head4 ,when you have the halter on lead him over the yard cautiously2 do not frighten him or whip him4 ,never whip unless he is very stubborn and does not fear you1 then you should give him a few sharp cuts with the whip about his hind legs so as it will crack sharp and cause him to fear you4 ,after you have him started feel his face1 fore legs1 c4 a good deal more than you have whipped him1 then he will soon become fond of you again4 ,after you have learned him to move off1 you may put on the bridle and learn him by gentling him as you did with the halter2 you may now put on the saddle1 but do it cautiously1 feeling him by degrees1 then get yourself a block about eighteen inches high1 place this by his side and when he gets used to this get up on the block1 then put your foot in the stirrup1 putting a little of your weight in it by degrees2 as soon as you find he will bear it you can get on the saddle and make him move off1 but do it all cautiously so as not to frighten him4 ,when you have learned him all this you may next put on the harness1 carefully feeling him first1 and give him to understand what you want him to do2 as soon as he finds out you will not hurt him he will suffer the harness to be put on2 now you may hitch him to a light log1 and learn him to pull this first2 when he does this well use a heavier one1 and when he does this all well you can hitch him up in a wagon or sulky1 but do it all carefully1 and do not frighten him or you may make a bad job of it4 ,the above principle should always be carried out in every thing you wish the horse to learn4 ,you cannot expect a man to do any piece of work for you unless he understands it1 or has learned the principle of it1 much less can you expect a horse to do something he knows nothing about4 ,if you pursue this course you can soon get the horse to understand what you want him to do1 and he will become very fond of you4 ,i will here state that if you have a very stubborn colt or horse1 you may use the oil of roses and oil of cummin with the powdered button1 which should be blown into his nostrils4 ,,how ,,to ,,drive ,,or ,,break ,a ,,kicking ,,horse4 ,or horses with bad habits4 ,first take up one fore foot1 bend his leg till his hoof is bottom upward1 then slip a loop over his knee above the pastern joint to keep it tight4 ,this should be done with a leather strap1 forming a loop around the one1 and so fixed as to buckle around the other2 be careful so as to fasten it so as it cannot slip down or come loose1 or you may pass a loop over the leg1 and with another strap tie the loop close together1 between the leg1 so as to prevent it from coming down4 ,this will leave the horse on three legs4 ,you can handle now as you wish1 as it is impossible for him to kick whilst his leg is up4 ,this will conquer the horse quicker than any other course which you can pursue1 and especially a kicker or one that runs off when he has the chance so to do4 ,the surest plan for a horse that will attempt to run off as soon as you hitch him up1 is to fasten up his leg as directed above or learn him to hop along on three legs awhile1 which he will soon learn to do4 ,exercise him two or three times1 in this way fifteen or twenty minutes at a time1 or until conquered1 allowing his leg to be loosed4 ,when you have learned him to walk in this way1 fasten up his leg and put the harness on him and hitch up to sulky4 ,now you may drive off and need not be fearful of the horse kicking or doing any damage while one foot is up1 nor can he kick or run fast enough to do any harm4 ,but you can now drive him as you please4 ,should he want to run let him have the lines and whip too1 with perfect safety2 by doing this two or three times you will cure him at once of running off4 ,the horse will be frightened at first1 but he will soon see that you do not want to hurt him and will not care anything more about it4 ,you can finally let down the leg and drive off gently without any further trouble4 ,i will here give you another plan to break or prevent a horse from kicking whilst working him4 ,loop a strap or rope around the horse's hind leg1 with one end and with the other end fasten around the foreleg1 allowing it just long enough for him to make a step1 in order to keep the strap from dragging on the ground or being in his way while walking4 ,pass a strap around his back1 letting it pass under his belly and fasten it up in this way2 this properly done will soon conquer him1 as it is impossible for him to kick whilst the strap is to his legs4 ,i will still give you another plan to prevent a horse from kicking4 ,loop a strap around the hind leg2 let it pass through between the fore legs1 thence through the ring of the bridle bit1 allowing the strap just long enough for him to make the step1 now fasten the strap4 ,you can now drive off with safety1 as it is utterly impossible for him to kick or to do any harm4 ,you should pass a strap around the horse's back and fasten up the strap or rope to prevent it from dragging on the ground4 ,another still to prevent a horse from kicking when hitched up in shafts1 if he will stand quiet long enough to fasten in the shafts1 when you have him hitched up1 loop a strong strap around the shaft on the one side1 let it pass over the hips and fasten it to the shaft on the opposite side2 next fasten the strap to the harness at the top1 so as to prevent it from slipping down2 you can now drive off with safety1 as far as the kicking is concerned2 for he cannot kick to do any harm if the strap stays firmly at its place1 and the vehicle heavy enough to prevent him from raising it4 ,,for ,,the ,,blacksmith4 ,if you have a horse which you cannot manage to shoe1 take up his leg as directed in the kicking horse1 and handle him awhile1 patting and rubbing all his legs1 c42 when he becomes quiet1 let his leg down to rest2 then take it up again and rub his legs as before1 and let him know what you are about to do to him2 then let his leg down and commence to shoe4 ,should he be very fretful yet1 and will not suffer you to put on the shoe1 you will meet with success by making him lay down and perform as directed in making the horse lay down4 ,,cure ,,for ,,bots4 ,mix #a pint honey with #a quart sweet milk2 give as a drench2 #a hour after dissolve #a oz4 pulverized copperas #a pint of water1 use as a drench2 then give #a quart linseed oil2 this cure is said to be effectual4 ,the principle of giving the horse the sweet drench is good2 it will generally cause the bots to let loose and take a fill of the sweet drench2 then you should not fail to give plenty of physic to carry them off4 ,,how ,,to ,,make ,a ,,horse ,,follow ,,you4 ,put your horse into a large stable or small yard2 commence to gentle him a little1 take hold of the halter or bridle1 turn him towards you1 touching him with a long whip2 at the same time lead him the length of the stable or yard1 rubbing him on the neck1 face and head2 say to him gently as you lead1 come along boy1 or better to use his name3 whenever you turn1 touch him slightly with the whip1 so as to make him step up close to you2 then gentle him again with your hand as before2 he will soon learn to escape the whip and to be gentled with the hand2 he will soon learn to follow you around without taking hold of the halter or bridle4 ,should he stop or turn from you1 give him a few cuts about the hind legs2 he will soon turn his head towards you1 when you must always gentle him with your hand4 ,a few lessons will make him follow you or run after you if he sees the motion of the whip2 in a half hour he will follow you about the stable or yard4 ,after you have given him #c or #d lessons in this way1 you can take into a lot and from thence into the road1 and he will follow you any where and run after you4 ,,how ,,to ,,learn ,,him ,,to ,,stand ,,still4 ,commence to gentle him with your hand about the head1 c4 ,should he move give him a cut with the whip and put him back in the same place if he stands2 gentle him with the hand as before1 and continue in this until you can get around him without making him move2 continue walking around him1 increasing your walk1 touching him occasionally2 enlarging your circle as you walk around1 and if he should move1 give him a cut with the whip and put him again in his place2 if he stands go up to him frequently and gentle him with your hand2 then walk around him again4 ,do not keep him in one position too long at a time2 permit him to come to you and walk him around or about with you2 then stand him at another place1 and continue as before4 ,do not train him more than half an hour at a time4 ,you should never attempt to train a horse to do more than one thing at a time4 ,learn him the one which you have commenced on well first2 then in no case should you attempt to learn him another under a week or so1 always using caution no matter what you wish him to do or learn4 ,a ,,list ,,of ,,medicines ,,belonging ,,to ,,the ,,horse1 ,,their ,,properties ,,and ,,use4 ,,antimony4 ,a compound of sulphor and antimony is a good alterative4 ,it is given with sulphor and nitre in varying quantities4 ,,spasmodics4 ,of these opium stands first on our list1 next peppermint1 tincture of pimento1 turpentine1 camphor1 asaftida1 c4 ,,spirits ,,of ,,camphor4 ,the spirits of camphor is made by taking #ie per cent4 alcohol1 put in as much gum camphor as it will dissolve4 ,,vinegar4 ,vinegar is a very useful application for sprains1 bruises1 c4 ,equal parts of boiling water and cold vinegar will form a good fomentation2 extract of lead or bay salt may be added with some advantage4 ,,alcohol--,,rectified ,,spirits4 ,this is used in making many tinctures and other preparations2 #c or #d ounces of which are largely diluted with water1 and given to a horse that has become fatigued while on a journey1 will cause him to rally and cheerfully pursue his course to the end of the day's travel4 ,,aqua-,,fortis4 ,this is a valuable external application for destroying fungus excrescences4 ,a pledget of tar should be dipped in the acid1 then firmly pressed on the cankerous surface4 ,every part with which the acid comes in contact will be deadened and slough off1 when healthy granulations spring up4 ,,sulphuric ,,acid4 ,sulphuric acid is a good application for the thrush and canker1 and in fact the only thing that can be relied on4 ,it is occasionally used with tar in the proportion of an ounce of acid to #a pound of tar4 ,,aloes4 ,the ,barbadoes aloes is the best for the horse4 ,they are of a dark brown color2 they are very useful for physic1 and the dose is from to #a ounce1 which should be given immediately in cases where it is needed4 ,they are also very useful in the form of a tincture1 to make which #h ounces of powdered aloes and #a ounce of powdered myrrh1 put into #b quarts of alcohol diluted with an equal quantity of water4 ,this mixture should be well shaken once a day for a fortnight1 and be suffered to stand1 in order that the undissolved portion may fall to the bottom4 ,this constitutes an excellent application for wounds1 whether recent or of long standing and indisposed to heal4 ,it is not only a gentle stimulant but it forms a thin coat over the wound1 and shields it from the action of the air4 ,,alum4 ,is occasionally used internally in cases of supurgation1 in the form of alum whey3--two drachms of pulverized alum being put into a pint of hot milk2 yet there are much better astringents4 ,its principal use is external4 ,a solution of #b drachms to a pint of water makes alone1 or with the addition of a small quantity of white vitriol1 a very useful wash for cracked heels1 grease and those forms of swelled legs1 attended with moisture through the skin4 ,,muriatic ,,acid ,,or ,,spirits ,,of ,,salt4 ,this acid is very strong and should be bottled and corked tight4 ,as soon as it touches any muscular or living part1 a change of color is perceived4 ,it is good for corns1 canker thrush1 and for every case where caustic is needed1 this acid is unrivalled4 ,,mustard4 ,this will be found useful in inflammation of the chest or bowels4 ,when using1 it should be well rubbed on4 ,,cantharides4 ,are the basis of the most approved and useful blister4 ,in blistering1 the hair should be cut or rather shaved off close1 then rubbing in the ointment well for at least #ae minutes1 repeating it every day until it does its work4 ,after it has acted you may relieve the torture of the animal by the application of olive oil or lard4 ,in deep seated sprains or inflammations1 the blister should not be discontinued too hurriedly4 ,an infusion of #b ounces of the flies in a pint of oil of turpentine for several days is used as a liquid blister1 and when sufficiently reduced with common oil1 is called a sweating oil1 and gradually abates or removes old or deep inflammation or cause of lameness4 ,,charcoal4 ,this is occasionally used with linseed meal1 for poulticing offensive ulcers and cracked heels2 it removes the unwholesome smell and purifies the parts so that they heal easily4 ,,ball ,,or ,,pills4 ,the usual and most convenient mode of administering medicines1 is in the form of balls compounded with sweet oil4 ,balls should never weigh more than #a ounces1 otherwise they will be so large as not to pass down the gullet4 ,they should not be more than one inch in diameter1 and three inches in length4 ,the mode of delivering balls is not difficult to acquire4 ,the horse should be backed in the stall1 the tongue drawn out gently with the left hand on the off side of the mouth1 not continuing to pull1 but by pressing the finger against the lower jaw4 ,the ball being now taken between the tips of the fingers of the right hand1 is passed rapidly up the mouth as near the palate as possible1 until it reaches the root of the tongue4 ,it is then delivered with a slight jerk1 the hand being immediately withdrawn4 ,its passage should be watched down the left side of the throat2 if it does not pass down a slight tap under the jaw or chin1 will generally cause the horse to swallow it1 or a few gulps of water will convey in into the stomach4 ,very few balls should be kept made4 ,,clysters4 ,these are useful and too often neglected means of hastening the bowels to their speedy action1 where diseases require it4 ,the old ox bladder filled and tied on the wooden or elder pipe1 answers every purpose for injecting the fluid into the intestines4 ,for a moderate clyster take #b ounces of soft or yellow soap1 mix with #a gallon of warm water2 for a more active clyster take pound epsom salts1 dissolve in the same quantity of water4 ,,linseed4 ,an infusion of linseed is often used instead of water for the drink of a horse with a sore throat1 catarrh1 disease of the urinary organs1 or of the bowels4 ,thin gruel is preferable1 being as soothing and more nutritious4 ,linseed meal makes an excellent poultice for almost any purpose4 ,,digitalis4 ,this should be powdered1 put into a black bottle1 corked tight1 and kept in a dark place4 ,it is one of the most valuable medicines in veterinary practice1 and on account of its action in diminishing the pulse and general irritability of the system1 is very useful in inflammations1 c4 ,it is usually given in combination with emetic tartar and nitre4 ,the average dose is #a drachm of digitalis1 #a drachms emetic tartar1 and #c drachms of nitre1 repeated twice or three times a day4 ,when the horse begins to amend the dose must be diminished one-half1 and in a few days it may be omitted altogether1 but the emetic tartar and the nitre should be continued during several days4 ,,pitch4 ,is used in plasters4 ,the best plaster for sand crack consists of #a pound of pitch and #a ounce of yellow beeswax melted together4 ,,mashes4 ,constitute a very important provender in sickness or health4 ,a mash given occasionally to a horse that is fed on dry meat1 prevents him from becoming dangerously costive4 ,to the over-worked and tired horse1 nothing is so refreshing as a warm mash1 with his usual allowance of corn in it4 ,mashes are used for putting horses in good order for sale1 giving him a round and plump appearance4 ,they are made by pouring boiling water on bran1 stirring it well2 cover over with a cloth1 and let it remain until cool enough for the horse to eat2 if in the heat of summer1 a cold mash is preferable1--yet it should be made with hot water1 and remain until it is cold4 ,,ginger4 ,is as valuable as a cordial as the gentian is as a tonic4 ,these are both valuable in horse powders4 ,,fomentations4 ,are to open the pores of the skin and promote perspiration in the part1 so as to abate local swellings1 relieve pain and lessen inflammation4 ,the effect depends upon the warmth of the water and not upon any herb that may have been boiled in it2 they are best applied by means of flannel dipped in the hot water1 or on which the water is poured1 which should be as hot as the hand will bear4 ,the fomentation should be continued for #ae or #bj minutes1 but if kept on with for half an hour will be better4 ,the parts fomentated should be wrapped or covered up warm4 ,great good has sometimes resulted from fomentations4 ,,gentian4 ,stands at the head of vegetable tonics1 an infusion of which is one of the best applications for putrid ulcers known4 ,,opium4 ,is the most valuable drug on the list as an anti-spasmodic2 it is also a sedative and astringent4 ,as an anti-spasmodic it enters into the colic drink2 as a sedative it relaxes spasms of the muscular system4 ,opium should1 however1 be given with caution4 ,in the early acute stage of fever it will be a bad practice to give it even in the smallest quantity4 ,when the fever has passed it may be given with great benefit4 ,,poultices4 ,few persons are aware of the value of these simple applications in abating inflammation1 relieving pain1 cleansing wounds1 and disposing them to heal4 ,in all inflammations of the foot they are very beneficial1 by softening the horn hardened by the heat of the inflamed foot4--,linseed meal forms the best general poultice4 ,,drinks ,,or ,,drenches4 ,a drink is not so portable as a ball2 it is more troublesome to administer1 and a portion of it is usually wasted4 ,medicines given as a drench will act upon the horse much quicker than when given in balls1 but the great objection is in wasting a portion4 ,too much of the drink should not be forced into the horse's mouth at once1 as it will be found very difficult to make him swallow large quantities2 small portions should be given1 which he should be made to swallow before any more is put into the mouth4 ,,tar4 ,melted with an equal quantity of grease forms the usual stopping of the farrier4 ,it is warm or slightly stimulant1 and is therefore useful in dressing bruised or wounded feet2 it prevents the penetration of dirt and water to the wounded part2 it is also useful in chronic coughs4 ,,liniments4 ,are designed to remove deep seated pain and inflammation1 by gently stimulating the skin4 ,the following is an excellent liniment for old swellings1 sprains1 or rheumatism3 #b ounces of hartshorn1 #b ounces camphorated spirits1 #a ounce oil of turpentine1 and ounce of laudanum1 mixed well together2 or #a ounce of camphor may be dissolved in #d ounces of sweet oil1 to which may be added #a ounce of oil of turpentine4 ,a little powdered cantharides or tincture of cantharides or ground mustard1 will render either of these more powerful1 or convert it into a liquid blister4 ,,sulphur4 ,is the basis of the most effectual application for mange4 ,it is an excellent alterative1 combined usually with antimony and nitre1 particularly for mange1 surfeit1 grease1 hidebound or want of condition1 and it is a useful ingredient in the cough and fever ball4 ,,common ,,salt4 ,is very useful in a clyster4 ,a solution of it has been given as an aperient drink1 sprinkled over hay or in mash1 it is very palatable to sick horses2 few things will so soon recall the appetite as a drink composed of #f or #h ounces of salt in solution4 ,horses in health1 it promotes the digestion of the food4 ,there are few better lotions for inflamed eyes than a solution of ounce of salt1 in #d pints of water4 ,an ounce of salt to #h pints of water is a good embrocation for sore shoulders and back4 ,,turpentine4 ,the common liquid turpentine has been described as one of the best diuretics2 for the removal of colic it stands unrivalled2 with cantharides it is the basis of the sweating blister for old sprains and swellings4 ,,chloride ,,of ,,lime4 ,this is very good for removing the smell of fistula1 withers1 poll evil and ill conditioned wounds and ulcerations4 ,chloride diluted with twenty times its quantity of water1 and used as a wash for the wounds1 will remove any infection that may lurk about them4 ,one pint of the chloride1 mixed with #c gallons of water and brushed over the walls1 manger and rack of the foulest stable1 will completely remove all infections4 ,,ginger ,,root4 ,this is an excellent stimulant4 ,it is useful in loss of appetite and flatulent colic1 while it rouses the intestinal canal to its proper action4 ,the ginger and gentian powdered is also very much used4 ,brown sugar is useful in the loss of appetite4 ,,zinc ,,or ,,calamine ,,powder4 ,this made into an ointment is valuable for healing4 ,take five ounces of lard1 one ounce of rosin1 melt them together and when these begin to get cool1 stir in #b ounces of calamine1 finely powdered4 ,if the wound is not healthy1 a small quantity of common turpentine may be added4 ,this salve justly deserves the name of healing ointment4 ,the calamine is sometimes sprinkled with advantage on cracked heels4 ,,thompson',s ,,no4 #f4 ,this is a good carminative for relieving colic1 arresting mortification1 and for sprains1 rheumatism1 pains1 c4 ,as a general stimulant it may be taken in teaspoonful doses in water and repeated as the case demands4 ,take gallon of fourth proof brandy1 pound pulverized gum myrrh and ounce of ,african pepper1 mix and macerate for ten days1 when it will be ready for use4 ,,list ,,of ,,domestic ,,medicines ,,receipts1 c4 ,,cement ,,to ,,mend ,,glass ,,and ,,china4 ,take #b pounds good gum1 shellac1 #b ounces pulverized borax2 put into an earthen crock1 filled half full of water2 boil until all is dissolved1 then take out a portion and roll into sticks while hot1 on a table or smooth board4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use4 ,heat the edges of the ware over a fire or hot stove1 then heat the cement in the same manner2 put the cement on the edges of the ware regularly1 heat it again along the edges and place together as quick as possible1 holding them firm until the cement cools1 being careful to put the pieces together as they came off1 so as it will fit nicely4 ,if done properly it will hold so firm that the ware will break some other place before where it has been mended4 ,,lunar ,,caustic4 ,is very useful in curing bites of rabid dogs1 and for removing ulcerations of any kind4 ,,american ,,helebore4 ,medical ,properties and ,use4 ,this has been tried by many physicians and has proved a valuable remedy in chronic rheumatism and gout4 ,it is certainly a powerful emetic when given in large doses1 and the effect continues a long time4 ,in over doses it effects the functions of the brain and nervous system1 in a powerful manner producing giddiness1 prostration of strength1 c4 ,it has arrested the paroxysm of gout and given relief in some unyielding cases of chronic rheumatism4 ,it requires to be given with great caution and under vigilant restrictions4 ,the mode of administration is in the form of a tincture4 ,a saturated tincture is made in wine and #c parts of this is mixed with #a of the wine of opium2 of this mixture from #ae to #bj drops4 ,in some cases however1 #a drachm of the mixture will be required to give relief1 which quantity generally vomits and always gives relief4 ,the proper method of preparing this tincture is to macerate #h ounces of the sliced root in #b pints of spanish white wine1 let it stand for #ae days and filter4 ,before given1 it must be mixed with one-fourth its quantity of the wine of opium2 from #ae to #fj drops is a dose4 ,in some cases less than the nauseating point will cure the disease1 if not it must be carried to that point4 ,,emetic ,,for ,,poison4 ,if poison should be administered or swallowed accidentally1 take two tablespoonsful of ground mustard1 mixed with warm water1 which will operate as an instantaneous emetic4 ,,indian ,,turnip4 ,medical ,properties and use4 ,the ,indian turnip1 when partially dried and grated and mixed with honey1 is good for the coughs of old persons1 when there is no fever4 ,it also enters into many of the cough syrups4 ,,seneca ,,snakeroot4 ,in chronic rheumatism it has been of great service by its universal stimulant and diuretic effects4 ,if however an ounce of the root be boiled in a pint of water to a strong tea1 and all be taken at once1 a violent vomiting1 purging and diuresis occurs4 ,the disease has been known to yield to one dose1 but this is a desperate one1 and should not be ventured upon by a person much debilitated2 take a wine glass full #c times until the water is evacuated in uterine complaints1--especially in painful menstruation is the seneca a good remedy4 ,begin one day before the return of the catatmenia and take it in such portions as the stomach will bear1 every two hours until the flow commences4 ,for this put #a ounce of the root in a pint of water1 give a small wine glass full every one1 two or three hours4 ,,cement ,,for ,,grafting4 ,take #a pound of beeswax1 #a pound of rosin1 #a pound of tallow2 put all into a pan and heat until the ingredients are melted1 after cooling it will be ready for use4 ,when using put a coat of the cement over the grafted part1 thick enough to prevent the rain and air from penetrating4 ,,guaiacum1 ,,ammoniated ,,tincture4 ,take #d ounces powdered gum guaiacum1 #a pints spirits of amonia1 put them together and let the mixture stand for fourteen days1 when it will be ready for use4 ,shake the bottle occasionally4 ,this is a celebrated remedy in the treatment of chronic rheumatism4 ,the dose is from one to two teaspoonsful three times a day1 given in milk or some mucilaginous tea4 ,the stomach must be well cleaned before the tincture is used1 and the diet light4 ,,compound ,,tincture ,,of ,,gentian4 ,take of gentian root bruised #b ounces1 orange peel do4 #b ounces1 cardamom seed do4 ounce1 proof whiskey #a quart2 add the other ingredients to the whiskey1 and shake the bottle once a day for fourteen days1 when it will be ready for use4 ,this is much used in dyspepsia and debilitated states of the digestive organs4 ,the stomach should be cleaned before it is given4 ,it is not admissable where there is fever4 ,dose from one to two teaspoonsful in water1 to be repeated before breakfast1 dinner and supper4 ,,ointment ,,for ,,milch ,,scald ,,on ,,the ,,faces ,,of ,,infants4 ,take #f drachms of beefs marrow1 #b drachms oil of sweet almonds1 #a drachm red peruvian bark1 powdered1 mix and melt over a slow fire4 ,apply every day1 washing it off every morning with mild soap4 ,,simple ,,tincture ,,of ,,rhubarb4 ,take of best ,turkey rhubarb #c ounces and pulverize1 good whiskey #a quart1 add the rhubarb to the whiskey and shake it every day for a week1 then let it stand ten days and filter through paper1 or let it stand without filtering4 ,from a tea spoonful to a large table spoonful is a dose according to the age of the person and nature of the case4 ,it is a good purgative in costive habits4 ,take it at bed time in sweetened water4 ,,simple ,,syrup ,,of ,,rhubarb4 ,take of best ,turkey rhubarb #b ounces1 water #a pint1 macerate the rhubarb in the water warm for twenty-four hours2 strain off1 add #b pounds of refined white sugar and simmer until they are well mixed1 add #b tablespoonsful of whiskey1 stop it tight in a bottle for use4 ,this is a good medicine for infants in teaspoonful doses4 ,,american ,,columbo4 ,medical ,properties and ,use4 ,this is a mild tonic1 calculated to meet the indications alike with the other bitters of its class4 ,it is a very good and pleasant tonic in indigestion and dyspepsia1 improving the appetite and digestion4 ,it is given in infusion and in substance--#a ounce of the pulverized root infused in a pint of boiling water4 ,a small wine glass full of the infusion may be taken once in #b hours1 or from thirty to sixty grains of the pulverized substance1 in sweetened water1 from #c to #e times a day2 but the most common way of using the columbo is in combination with other tonics1 such as gentian1 orange peel1 and columbo1 of each #a ounce powdered1 then add to them #a quart of whiskey1 of which bitters a tablespoonful may be taken in water three times a day1 as a tonic in cases of debility4 ,,black ,,alder4 ,the berries of this plant are sometimes used1 but the bark is the proper medicinal part of the shrub4 ,it is best adapted to the cure of flabby1 ill-conditioned ulcers and mortifications1 in which a strong decoction is freely used with great benefit4 ,it should be given internally several times a day1 as well as applied as a wash and poultice to the parts4 ,a saturated tincture1 both of the bark and berries is used internally4 ,,the ,,prickley ,,ash4 ,its ,medical ,properties and ,use4 ,the prickley ash has a good reputation in the ,united ,states as a remedy in chronic rheumatism4 ,in that disease its operation seems analogous to that of mazorion and guaiacum1 which it nearly resembles in its sensible properties4 ,many physicians place so much confidence in it that it is generally kept by the apothecaries4 ,it is most frequently given in decoction--an ounce being boiled in a quart of water and taken in small quantities1 frequently repeated4 ,dr4 ,george ,hayward1 of ,boston1 took it in his own case of chronic rheumatism with evidently good effect2 he took a pint of the decoction a day1 diluted with water so as to weaken its pungency4 ,the powdered bark may be taken in doses of from #aj to #bj grains1 and frequently repeated4 ,dr4 ,bigelow says it is also given with good effect in cases of old indolent sores2 it is given internally and applied to the sore in the form of a wash4 ,doctors ,barton and ,thatcher both speak highly of this medicine4 ,,american ,,gentraury4 ,its ,medical ,properties and ,use4 ,every part of this plant is a pure and very strong bitter4 ,it is used in form of tea or tincture and is good for ague and fever4 ,it was used in the yellow fever at ,philadelphia with good effect4 ,it may be given even when the fever is on1 in such quantities as the stomach will bear4 ,it is not apt to nauseate and is an excellent tonic for the stomach1 which improves the appetite and promotes digestion4 ,it is highly recommended by ,drs4 ,barton1 ,chapman and ,elliott1 all of whom are physicians of high respectability4 ,,dandeline4 ,has been much employed in ,germany and the ,united ,states1 and is certainly a valuable remedy in chronic diseases of the liver and the digestive organs generally4 ,it is also a good remedy in diseases of the spleen4 ,it is beneficial in consumption and as a general alterative when combined with sarsaparilla1 and invaluable in scrofula4 ,one ounce of the fresh root1 or ounce of the dried1 and the same quantity of sarsaparilla put into a pitcher and a pint of boiling water poured on it at night1 to be used at pleasure next day1 so that all is taken before bed time1 or as much more as the stomach will bear4 ,this repeated for a month1 produces a fine effect on the system1 when the blood needs purifying or in cases of chronic affections of the liver4 ,,blood ,,root ,,or ,,percoon ,,root4 ,medical ,properties and ,use4 ,the blood root is an active emetic and cathartic1 which acts finely on the liver4 ,it has been given in pneumonia1 catarrh1 whooping cough1 croup1 consumption1 rheumatism1 jaundice and dropsy of the chest4 ,for rheumatism1 it may be given in #b or #c grain pills1 #c or #d times a day4 ,it is an effectual remedy for the yellow water in horses3 #c or #d ounces of the fresh root may be bruised and a pint of water added1 the juice of which should be squeezed out for a drench2 #a or #b doses will cure4 ,it purges the horse freely4 ,the tincture is often used3 #b ounces of the root to a quart of spirits makes the tincture1 an ounce of which is a dose for an adult4 ,,boneset ,,or ,,thoroughwort4 ,medical ,properties and ,use4 ,thoroughwort is tonic1 diaphoretic1 and in large doses emetic and purgative4 ,it is good in intermittent fevers to break the chill1 if given in large doses in the form of warm tea as the chill comes on2 in less doses a little warm it will sweat the patient freely2 in large draughts taken cold it acts as a tonic and prevents the return of the chill4 ,it is good in pleurisy as a sweat or in heavy colds2 it is also good when made into a syrup for bad coughs1 and in some forms of consumption1 where the patient is weak and the skin hot and dry4 ,it grows in almost every part of the ,united ,states1 but mostly in the ,western and ,southern divisions1 and should be gathered in ,september4 ,every part of the plant is medicinal1 but the leaves and flowers are best4 ,it should always be given in the form of a tea4 ,,bitter ,,root ,,or ,,silkweed4 ,medical ,properties and ,use4 ,the root is the part used in the form of bitters in asthma and catarrh1 also coughs and dyspepsia and in rheumatism4 ,it may be taken in the form of bitters in quantities sufficient to purge gently and freely1 or in powder in #bj grain doses1 #c times a day1 or it may be given in strong infusion1 #a ounce of the root to a pint of water and drink in such doses as the stomach will bear4 ,,pleurisy ,,root4 ,medical ,properties and ,use4 ,it has long been employed by the regular medical faculty as a valuable medicine in pleurisy1 catarrh1 pneumonia1 consumption and other diseases of the breast1 and is evidently useful in all these cases4 ,it is good in acute rheumatism and dyspepsia4 ,it may be given in the form of a strong tea1 or in powder2 if in powder from #bj to #fj grains may be given several times a day1 in sweetened water4 ,,extempore ,,gaseous ,,chalybeate ,,water4 ,take of pure sulphate of iron #b drachms1 white sugar #c drachms1 pulverize1 mix and divide into #ab powders4 ,then take of super carbonate of soda #b drachms1 white sugar three drachms1 mix and divide into #ab powders4 ,mix one of each of the powders separately in half a tumblerful of water1 pour together and drink while effervescing4 ,this is a pleasant drink and a good tonic for a weak stomach4 ,,gentian4 ,medical ,properties and ,use4 ,gentian possesses in a high degree the tonic properties which characterize the simple bitters4 ,it excites the appetite1 invigorates the powers of digestion4 ,it may be used in all cases of disease depending upon pure debility of the digestive organs1 or requiring a general tonic impression2 as dyspepsia1 gout1 difficult menstruations1 hysteria1 scrofula1 intermittent fever1 diarrha1 and worms4 ,it is given in the form of infusion or tincture4 ,the dose in infusion is a wine glassful #c or #d times a day4 ,infuse ounce of the powdered root in a pint of water4 ,a tea spoonful of the tincture may be given as often in a little water4 ,,rattleweed ,,root4 ,this unites with a tonic power the property of stimulating the secretions1 particularly those of the skin1 kidneys and mucus membrane of the lungs4 ,its medical properties are found in its salutary effects upon the nervous system1 in neuralgia of the heart1 in sciatica1 and in other forms of rheumatism4 ,it is equal if not superior to the colchicum in rheumatism1 and far superior to it in neuralgia of any description4 ,i have used it extensively in those cases1 and with the happiest effects4 ,i cured myself of a severe sciatica in twenty-four hours with it1 but the dose was too large1 producing violent sickness1 great prostration1 nausea1 vomiting and profuse perspiration4 ,i took #c or #d drachms of the saturated tincture at one dose2 but it effects the cure completely when properly prepared4 ,it acts upon the stomach and bowels powerfully1 and its full effects are not obtained until it purges freely4 ,the following is the best formula for its preparation4 pound powdered root1 #a pint alcohol4 ,mix and macerate for #bj days and filter4 ,one tea spoonful should be taken #c times a day1 in sweetened water1 which may be increased or diminished so as to produce #c or #d operations on the bowels in #bd hours4 ,i have seen some persons that it would not purge4 ,it sometimes produces vertigo before it begins to operate1 but these symptoms will all subside after the purging commences1 yet it will cure if it does not purge4 ,several cases of ,vitus' ,dance are recorded by ,dr4 ,jesse ,young1 in which it performed cures after other remedies had failed4--,it is usually administered in decoction by those living in the country4 ,one ounce of the powdered root is boiled in a pint of water for a few minutes1 and a small wine glassful given from #c to #e times a day according to its effects4 ,,pipsisseway ,,or ,,winter ,,green4 ,this is an evergreen found in pine woods and in light shady soils in all parts of the ,united ,states1 which blossoms in mid summer4 ,the whole plant has rather a pungent and bitter taste4 ,medical ,properties and ,use4 ,it is diuretic and tonic and is useful in all eruptive forms of diseases1 especially in scrofula and cancer4 ,a strong decoction may be made of the leaves and twigs1 and a gill taken #c times a day4 ,many cures of old ulcers1 sore throats and like affections have been ascribed to the use of the pipsisseway4 ,a decoction made of the leaves and given in small portions is excellent for colic in children4 ,for grown persons it should be put in good rye whiskey1 which1 if made strong will seldom fail to cure the severest cases of colic and cramps4 ,the pipsisseway put into whiskey and distilled the same as ,wickey's cholera medicine is much better4 ,dose for an adult is from #a to #c tablespoonsful1 for children from #aj drops to a teaspoonful4 ,,to ,,the ,,consumer4 ,if you want to save money never buy your castor oil by the bottle1 but buy a pint of oil of some honest druggist1 and you will then be able to perceive the difference4 ,if put up in bottles it will cost you from #ej to #fb cents2 by the pint it may cost you #ca cents per pint4 ,this is a great saving1 as the article is always needed in a family4 ,never buy any other medicine or any thing that goes by measurement in small quantities1 and especially such articles as come into every day use4 ,paying from #dj to #ajj per cent4 more for domestic articles will amount to a considerable sum in #e or #aj years4 ,some persons may say3 8,i am too poor and cannot spare the money40 ,that kind of argument will not hold good4 ,by saving #ej or #ajj per cent4 is the means to make you able4 ,try the experiment and you will soon be convinced2 money is worth but #f per cent4 ,,for ,,pickling ,,pears4 ,take #a pound of sugar to one quart of vinegar2 #f pounds of pears1 peeled and quartered2 ounce of cinnamon bark1 broken in small pieces2 ounce of cloves4 ,dissolve the sugar in the vinegar1 then put the pears1 cinnamon and cloves into a pot or crock1 pour over the vinegar and boil all together until the pears become soft1 and you have a pickel far superior to any preserves4 ,this is worth giving a trial4 ,should the pears be too sweet1 add a little vinegar at any time1 heating after the addition4 ,,on ,,the ,,preservation ,,of ,,health4 ,as this work is designed for the benefit of families as well as other purposes1 it is hoped that a chapter on the preservation of the health of young girls will not be out of place4 ,what we design to say in this chapter1 will be applicable to the girl of ten years and upwards4 ,it is the duty of the mother or guardian so to direct the conduct of the daughter that she may enjoy the blessings of life1 and become a useful member of society4 ,but in order to lay the foundation of future usefulness1 the health should be well guarded in early life4 ,much of course depends upon a good constitution1 and strict attention should be paid to its development and preservation4 ,the child at an early age should be guarded against all that would tend to weaken or derange this desirable attribute of the human system4 ,exposure is one of the principal sources of injury to the constitution1 and therefore the clothing should always be adapted to the season of the year1 and the temperature of the air1 whether children are at home or abroad4 ,girls are generally clothed sufficiently warm while at home1 but when they are going from home1 they change their warm apparel for thinner and cooler garments4 ,they are often allowed to expose themselves to the chilling blasts of winter1 with their arms naked1 their breasts and shoulders exposed1 and their feet clad with thin stockings and shoes1 in the place of those just laid aside1 which were warm and comfortable4--,this is a practice that cannot be too much deprecated1 being one of the great evils of dress and fashion1 upon whose altar thousands have been sacrificed4 ,how many do we find in these days with enlarged tonsils and broken croaking voices1 the fruits of exposure and nothing else8 ,the practice of tight lacing is another fruitful cause of destruction of health and broken-down constitutions4 ,young girls should not lace at all--an easy smooth jacket to make the dress fit smoothly is all they should wear4 ,are we asked why lacing is injurious8 ,we answer1 first1 the ribs are soft and very elastic and the cartilages that join them to the breast bone are softer than the ribs4 ,if then a jacket or corset be laced around the ribs or chest1 so as to prevent a free and full play of the ribs at every inspiration1 in the same proportion is the cavity of the chest diminished1 and consequently the lungs are deprived of a certain amount of atmospheric air1 in proportion to the contraction of the ribs1 produced by the laced jacket or corset4 ,thus the order of nature is deranged and the system is deprived of that due proportion of oxygen which is necessary to health1 the vitality of blood and the vigor and proper proportions of the system4 ,one of the consequences of tight lacing therefore is1 that the lungs are prevented from discharging a due portion of carbonic acid gas from the blood1 and receiving in lieu therefor of due proportion of oxygen from the atmosphere4 ,hence the person looks pale1 the lips assume a blue or purplish color1 the breathing is labored1 the breast heaves and the circulation is prevented from going on as freely as it should4 ,the small air vessels of the lungs are partially obliterated1 they become diseased in their action and tubercles form in them or the lungs2 these remain to become in a few years the seeds of an incurable consumption4 ,again3 ,the free action of the heat is prevented by tight lacing and the consequence is it labors like a dying man1 but in vain--it cannot get relieved from its fetters4 ,the blood is prevented from flowing with that freedom and ease which are essential to the well being of the system1 and the violent exertions which the heart must make in order to carry on the circulation1 become the cause of disease in that organ1 which perhaps can never be cured4 ,another evil of lacing3 ,the stomach is always included in the deadly grasp of the corset4 ,the lower floating ribs are forced to take the place the stomach should occupy in part2 the skirts are compelled to grow too narrow1 the liver is also pressed too closely and the stomach is bound as with a cord4 ,the gastric juice is partly prevented from secreting and that which is secreted is unhealthy1 the ducts of the liver and pancreatic gland are prevented from performing their healthy functions and consequently the food is not taken in due quantity to nourish the system1 and what is taken is not properly digested1 for the want of a free and healthy action of the digestive functions4 ,dyspepsia is the result1--a feeble and finally a destroyed constitution4 ,for all the powers of nature must act freely and naturally1 or a sound constitution and good health can never be enjoyed4 ,nothing is so fascinating to an intellectual young man as a well cultivated mind1 a rosy cheek1 an intellectual eye1 and a corresponding expression of countenance2 these you cannot have if you suppress any of the healthy functions of the system4 ,exercise is another essential item to promote the health of girls1 and this they should be allowed to take freely4 ,at an early age1 let them run and play1 jump the rope1 throw the hoop1 leap and skip2 for free exercise gives freedom to the muscles and joints and strengthens the nerves1 all of which are necessary for the building up of a good constitution4 ,girls should be allowed to sleep one-third of their time or eight hours in twenty-four1 and when younger--they should sleep more4 ,the young of all the animal creation require more sleep than those that are fully grown3 girls1 therefore1 should retire early that they may obtain sleep enough2 rise early and enjoy the benefit of the morning air1 which is bracing to their systems4 ,after children are ten years old1 they should not sleep more than two in a bed1 and there should not be more than two beds in a room1 unless the room be very large and well ventilated4 ,girls should rise early and air and set their rooms in order2 they should use free ablution of cold water over their breasts and arms1 especially as far as they are in the habit of exposing them to the air1 as this will prevent their taking cold as easily as they otherwise would4 ,the diet of children should be plain and simple1 as their digestive powers are not as strong as those of grown persons4 ,the quantity should always be proportioned to the age and strength of the child4 ,much mischief is done by letting children eat too much4 ,they should be allowed full time to eat and be taught to chew their victuals well4 ,they should be taught to eat any thing that is common1 so that they may appear easy at table at all times1 and make their friends so likewise4 ,frequent bathing is of great service to youth2 it invigorates the constitution and gives a fine complexion4 ,the bath may be changed according to the season2 it may be cold1 tepid or salt4 ,when the cold bath is used1 either fresh or salt1 the skin should be well rubbed with a coarse towel1 as well before they go into the bath1 as after they come out4 ,when children are healthy liquid food is as a general rule1 better for them than solid food1 because it supplies more blood1 and this is needed to form and build up the solids1 but they should be allowed some of both4 ,children should always take light suppers and light breakfasts4 ,their dinner should be of more substantial food and taken freely4 ,but they should never be allowed to eat in haste1 as nothing aids the powers of digestion more than the perfect mastication of food4 ,,health4 ,,its ,,value1 ,,conditions1 ,,preservation ,,and ,,restoration4 ,health consists in the vigorous and normal or constitutional action of all the physical organs and functions4 ,life consists in precisely the same action3 in proportion to the vigor of this action is the amount of both health and life1 but in proportion as the physical functions are enfeebled or diseased1 is health enfeebled and life diminished4 ,but in proportion as we improve our health do we thereby increase life itself4 ,viewed in any and every aspect1 health is life and life is health4 ,by as much therefore as life is valuable should health be preserved if good and restored if feeble4 ,health is the great seasoner or relish of all our blessings2 nor is it possible to enjoy the latter except by means of the former3 without health what can we be8 ,what can we do8--,what can we enjoy8 ,for other things being equal1 our capabilities of accomplishing and enjoying are proportioned to our health and diminished by disease4 ,if we possessed all the wealth1 and all the honors1 and all the blessings mortals can possess1 we could enjoy them only in proportion as we had health1 and their value would be diminished just in proportion to its decline4 ,suppose we were sick and our appetite thereby destroyed1 the richest food and most delicious fruits1 instead of rendering us happy would nauseate us4 ,how different if we were healthy4 ,how a good appetite1 the produce of health1 would enjoy them4 ,well might the glutted alderman offer a ragged boy a guinea for his appetite for breakfast4 ,the rich invalid is poor1 but he who is healthy is rich1 because his fund of life and his capacities for enjoyment are proportionally great4 ,reader1 if brought to the brink of the grave1 your last hour come1 what would you give8 ,what that you possessed would you not give for another year of life and its pleasures8 ,astor's thirty millions would be cheap4 ,to impair health in obtaining any amount of earthly goods is a dear exchange1 since then to preserve or regain health is to preserve1 prolong or regain life itself1 and to impair the former is to destroy the latter and its pleasures1 as well as hasten death2 and since the value of life so infinitely surpasses that of all other earthly blessings1 what consummate folly to trifle with health on any account4 ,then how much more foolish and even wicked virtually to throw it away for nothing1 in our eager pursuit of those trifling objects1 wealth1 honors1 and the like1 which mainly engrosses mankind8 ,what1 sacrifice life upon the altar of mammon8 ,for be it remembered1 that no human being can impair his health at any period of his life1 without proportionally shortening his days2 without being brought to a strict account at the close of life1 and he compelled to end it as much sooner than he otherwise would1 as he has injured his health during his whole lifetime4 ,let me urge upon you the infinite importance of preserving your health4 ,this effectually done1 millions of money bestowed on each reader could not equally benefit you1 because of the incomparable greater value of health than money4 ,let your own experience testify4 ,which of you has not1 some time or some how1 induced debility or pain in one portion of your system or another1 which will cripple you for life4 ,a foolish ambition breaks down the constitution of an incalculable number of our youths1 unwilling to be outdone they will work at the top of their strength as long as they can stand1 perhaps over heat themselves1 or in a single day or week bring on some complaint which debilitates them for life1 and carries them to a premature grave4 ,an ambitious youth wishing to show his employers what a great day's work he could do1 shovelled till he lamed his side1 so that for fifteen years he has been a partial invalid1 cannot do any kind of work1 nor more than half the amount he formerly did1 besides working in almost perpetual pain4 ,nor is this the half2 whatever enfeebles the health enfeebles the mind by weakening and disordering the brain4 ,so perfectly are body and brain inter related1 that all the conditions of either react upon each other2 whatever augments the health1 strengthens the body and thereby invigorates both the brain and the mind4 ,what is the true value of the mind8 ,how much could you afford to give for double the amount you now possess8 ,neither money nor any thing else can measure its value4 ,to improve our minds is the most effectual mode possible of augmenting all the capabilities1 all the pleasure1 all the virtue of this life1 and ripening for another1 and hence should be the paramount business of our whole lives4 ,health allows you to be always on hand for business1 from which sickness takes you and compels you to entrust its management to others1 always disastrous1 or cuts off your wages if a laborer1 creates large doctors1 nurses and a host of other incidental bills1 and occasions a great variety of pecuniary losses4 ,so measurably if any member of your family is sick1 especially a wife4 ,how many1 reader1 if they and their families had always been well1 would have been rich who are now poor8 ,considered which ever way you will1 to preserve the health if it be good1 and if poor to regain and then preserve1 should be the paramount business of life1 should take precedence over all others1 and be our first great concern4 ,come then readers one and all and let us make it our permanent business to preserve and augment our health2 let us allow ourselves to do nothing that shall impair it2 let us make and take time to do every thing in our power to invigorate it4 ,,how ,,to ,,prolong ,,life4 ,the following should be carefully perused especially by the young4 ,are there any among you my young friends1 who desire to preserve your health and cheerfulness through life1 and at length arrive at a good old age8 ,if so listen to what ,i am about to tell you4 ,a considerable time ago ,i read in one of the newspapers of the day1 that a man had died near ,london at the advanced age of #aaj years1 that he had never been ill1 and that he had maintained through life1 a cheerful1 happy temperament4 ,i wrote immediately to ,london to know if in the man's treatment of himself there had been any peculiarity which had rendered his life lengthened and so happy1 and the answer ,i received was as follows3 8,he was unusually kind and obliging to every body2 he quarreled with no one2 he ate and drank merely that he might not suffer from hunger or thirst and never beyond what necessity required2 from his earliest youth he never allowed himself to be unemployed2 these were the only means he used40 ,i took a note of this in a little book where ,i generally write all that ,i am anxious to remember1 and very soon afterwards ,i observed in another paper that a woman had died near ,stockholm at #aae years of age2 that she never was ill1 and was always of a contented disposition4 ,i immediately wrote to ,stockholm to learn what means the old woman had used for preserving her health1 and now read the answer3 8,she always had a great love of cleanliness1 and in the daily habit of washing her face1 hands and feet in cold water1 and as often as opportunity offered she bathed in the same4--,she never ate or drank any delicacies or sweet-meats1 seldom coffee1 seldom tea1 and never wine40 ,of these likewise ,i took a note in my little book4 ,sometime after this ,i read that near ,st4 ,petersburg1 a man died who had enjoyed good health until he was #abj years old4 ,again ,i took my pen and wrote to ,st4 ,petersburg1 and here is the answer3 8,he was an early riser1 and never slept beyond seven hours at a time2 he never was idle2 he employed himself chiefly in the open air1 and particularly in his garden2 whether he walked or sat in his chair he never permitted himself to sit awry or in a bent posture1 but was always perfectly straight4 ,the luxurious and effeminate habits of citizens he held in contempt40 ,after having read all this from my little book ,i said to myself3 8you will be a foolish man indeed not to profit by the example and experience of these old people40 ,i then wrote out all that ,i had been able to discover about these happy old people upon a card1 which ,i suspended over my writing desk1 so that ,i might always have it before my eyes to remind me what to do1 and from what ,i should refrain4 ,every morning and evening ,i read over the contents of my card and obliged myself to conform to its rules4 ,and now my dear young readers1 ,i can assure you on the word of an honest man1 that ,i am much happier and in better health than ,i used to be4 ,formerly ,i had the headache every day and now ,i suffer scarcely once in three or four months4 ,before ,i began these rules ,i hardly dare to venture out in the rain or snow without catching cold4 ,in former times a walk of half an hour's length fatigued and exhausted me1 now ,i walk miles without weariness4 ,imagine then the happiness ,i experience1 for there are few feelings so cheering to the spirits as those of constant good health and vigor4 ,but1 alas6 there is something in which ,i cannot imitate these happy old people1 and that is ,i have not been accustomed to all this from my youth4 ,oh6 that ,i were young again that ,i might imitate them in all things2 that ,i might be happy and long-lived as they were4 ,little children who read this1 you are the fortunate ones who are able to adopt in perfection this kind of life4 ,what then prevents your living henceforward as healthful and happily as the old woman of ,stockholm or as long and useful as the old men of ,london and ,st4 ,petersburg4 ,,liquid ,,opodeldoc4 ,take pint #ie per cent4 alcohol1 #a ounce camphor1 pint turpentine2 dissolve the camphor in the alcohol2 then add the turpentine4 ,for rheumatism1 head ache1 sore throat1 old strains1 swellings1 cramps1 numbness1 stiffness1 weakness1 pains in the joints1 corns1 slight burns1 frost bitten feet1 c4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use4 ,rub it well on the part affected with your hand or a piece of muslin1 night and morning1 and if convenient1 at noon4 ,in obstinate cases avoid as much as possible exposure to a damp atmosphere1 to the extremes of heat and cold4 ,keep the feet dry and comfortable1 and be temperate in eating and drinking4 ,for corns1 lay a piece of flannel on them and moisten occasionally with the opodeldoc1 avoid tight shoes4 ,travellers and families ought always to keep a bottle by them2 it only requires a trial to prove its efficacy2 keep the bottle closely stopped4 ,in some cases of rheumatism and other affections1 if a piece of flannel be worn over the part1 relief will be obtained sooner4 ,,dr4 ,,wickey',s ,,cholera ,,medicine4 ,take #b ounces ,formentilla1 8 #b 8 ,devil ,bit1 8 #b 8 ,bimbornella1 8 #b 8 ,bistorda1 8 #b 8 ,angelica1 8 #b 8 ,gentiana1 8 #b 8 ,zedary1 8 #b 8 ,valerian1 8 #b 8 ,elecampane1 8 #b 8 ,calamos1 8 #b 8 ,rue or other bitter herb4 ,pulverize these as fine as possible1 put them into one gallon of ,french brandy of the best quality1 or best fourth-proof old rye whiskey2 brandy is best--put the whole into a bottle or jar--a bottle is best if one can be had large enough at the top1 which must be closed2 then place the bottle or jar in the sand1 which should be at least two inches deep at the bottom of the kettle or crock2 fill in sand to come above the drugs when settled1 and put under it a slow fire1 so as to keep it warm but not to boil4 ,let it digest for fourteen days and filter the whole of it through fine flannel several times1 so as to separate the drugs well2 then put in each gallon #b ounces spirits of camphor and #b ounces spirits saffron1 when it will be ready for use4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use4 ,for preventing cholera3 first take one tablespoonful in the morning1 fasting on cold water1 one at noon1 and one at night4 ,second1 for an attack or symptoms take from #b to #c tablespoonsful every #e1 #aj or #ae minutes1 as the case may require1 until relieved1 when the doses may be lessened1 or not so often4 ,let the patient go to bed and keep warm and quiet as possible until relieved4 ,third1 for the third stage or relapse1 vomiting and pain in the stomach1 take from #b to #d tablespoonsful every #e or #aj minutes1 as the case may be1 until relieved or thrown into a sweat2 cover up warm1 and if cold apply plenty of hot bricks or bottles with hot water in1 to the feet1 hands1 body1 c4 mustard plaster on the stomach1 rubbing with the hand1 some stimulant1 as not a moment's time should be lost when the cold chill comes on4 ,fourth stage or relapse1 attended with cold sweats and rice water discharges1 take large doses every #c or #e minutes2 continue until the patient becomes warm and easier4 ,no time should be lost at this stage of the disease4 ,apply hot bricks1 bottles1 c4 as before directed2 when relieved the doses may be less and not so often--say from hour to #f hours2 continue #c or #d days as the case may require1 and do not fail to keep the patient warm1 c4 ,for bilious or cramp colic1 cholera morbus1 flux1 bilious fever1 c4 administer doses as above4 ,let the patient go to bed and keep as quiet as possible until relieved4 ,in severe cases of cholera morbus1 a mustard plaster should be placed over the stomach1 which must be kept on as long as it can be borne4 ,travellers and families should not be without this medicine1 as it as considered by all who have used it to be the safest and surest remedy for the above disease ever introduced4 ,take a friend's advice and never be without this remedy1 as it was never known to fail in curing what it is recommended to do4 ,give it a fair trial1 and its efficacy will soon be seen4 ,by strictly obeying the directions it is perfectly safe and harmless2 it is also good in sick stomachs1 c4 ,this medicine1 when persevered in according to directions1 will effectually cure cholera in all its stages1 and all that it is recommended to do1 which can be attested by certificates from many persons4 ,by adding the tincture of cayenne you will find this medicine effectual in cramp colic2 add the tincture until as strong as it can be taken4 ,to be more plain and simple1--in making of the cholera medicine1 if in the summer you can set the bottle or jar in the sun1 which should be when the sun is very warm1 letting it remain some #c or #d weeks--the longer you distil1 the better the medicine4 ,if in the winter season1 you can place your crock on the top of the stove1 keeping the fire regular1 so as not to boil--if you distil until reduced one-third1 it will be much stronger and better4 ,,certain ,,remedy ,,for ,,rheumatism4 ,take of sarsaparilla root1 coltsfoot root1 or wild ginger root1 sassafras root1 dogwood root1 yellow poplar root1 prickley ash root1 spicewood root1 one handful of each1 when dried1 as much as you can hold in one hand2 cut the bark off of the roots and pulverize as fine as you can1 except the sarsaparilla1 which must be cut in very small pieces2 then put the whole in one gallon of best fourth-proof old rye whiskey1 and let it stand for #a or #b weeks2 but should you wish to use immediately1 set the vessel containing the ingredients on the stove1 and keep just warm for #b or #c days1 when it will be fit for use4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use4 ,take from #a to #c tablespoonsful #c times a day1 one hour before meals4 ,it may be taken #e or #f times a day provided it does not affect the nerves too much4 ,it is perfectly safe and has cured more cases of rheumatism than any other remedy introduced4 ,i will cite one or two cases where it effected complete cures3 ,mr4 ,joshua ,deer1 who had been in a most helpless condition for a long time1 and had tried many other remedies in vain1 was cured in five days after he commenced using it1 so as to be able to take a ride on horseback1 which can be certified by a number of persons living in the neighborhood4 ,any one doubting the above1 can have it proven to their satisfaction by addressing ,ezra ,deer1 or ,henry ,gross1 who was cured by it in less time4 ,let it be understood that there never was a preparation that would cure all cases3 no1 not one-fourth1 therefore ,i have given a number of preparations1 so that if one fail1 others may prove efficacious1 though the above remedy occupies the head of the list in our own estimation4 ,never give up any one remedy until you have given it a fair trial4 8,he that holds out faithfully shall be saved40 ,this medicine can be distilled the same as the cholera medicine1 bottled up and kept for years4 ,mr4 ,joshua ,deer1 was cured with the distilled4 ,henry ,gross and others used it in liquor4 ,you must keep from labor and exposure1 while using the above and be careful not to eat any thing greasy1 or that which will not agree with you4 ,,for ,,rheumatism4 ,take #a ounce of saltpetre1 #a quart of ale--if ale cannot be had take whiskey or water--dissolve the saltpetre in the ale4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use4 ,take #a wine glassful before breakfast1 #a before dinner1 #a before going to bed1 and continue until relieved4 ,should the second quart do no good1 stop taking it4 ,you must keep from labor and exposure while using the above4 ,mr4 ,dill was cured by this remedy1 who had suffered for more than a year constantly4 ,,for ,,rheumatism4 ,take #a ounce of sulphur1 #a ounces of saltpetre1 ounce of gum guscomb1 #b nutmegs1 the whole to be finely pulverized1 to which add #ab ounces of molasses4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use4 ,take #a tea spoonful every night before going to bed1 but if it should act too free on the bowels1 the quantity must be diminished4 ,,liniment ,,for ,,rheumatism4 ,take #a ounce of spirits of camphor1 #a ounce turpentine1 #a ounce sweet oil1 #a drachm oil of juniper1 #a drachm carbonate of hartshorn1 mix these perfectly1 and apply three times a day1 rubbing it in by the stove or fire with the palm of the hand for #ae minutes4 ,,liniment ,,for ,,rheumatism ,take #b ounces of saltpetre1 #b ounces spirits of hartshorn1 #h ounces of sweet oil4 ,pulverize the saltpetre as fine as possible1 and mix with the spirits of hartshorn1 letting it dissolve1 then add the sweet oil4 ,bathe and rub in with the palm of the hand for #ae minutes1 at the fire or stove1 wrap with flannel if possible4 ,if not strong enough you may add hartshorn1 if too strong add sweet oil4 ,this is considered the best liniment ever introduced for the purpose4 ,use freely4 ,,liniment ,,for ,,rheumatism ,,or ,,neuralgia4 ,take #h cayenne pepper pods1 and #a pint of whiskey1 boil over a fire until it is reduced to one-half the quantity1 when it will be ready for use4 ,bathe the parts affected with the liniment three times a day4 ,this liniment has often relieved where other remedies have failed4 ,,nerve ,,and ,,bone ,,liniment4 ,for ,swellings1 ,bruises1 ,chapped ,hands1 ,frosted ,feet1 ,rheumatism1 ,cuts1 ,burns1 ,mosquito ,bites1 ,stings1 ,pains in the ,limbs1 ,back1 ,chest1 c4 ,take #a ounce spirits of hartshorn1 #a ounce spirits camphor1 #a ounce saltpetre1 #a tea spoonful sweet oil1 #b teaspoonsful laudanum2 put all into a bottle1 shake and mix well and it is ready for use4 ,bathe in at a fire #c tablespoonsful #c times a day1 rubbing with the hand for #ae minutes4 ,put the liniment into a bottle1 and keep it corked tight4 ,never pour out more than one table spoonful at a time1 being careful to keep the bottle corked tight4 ,this liniment is far superior to any other in use1 and you can make as much for #aj cents as you generally buy for #ej cents4 ,try the experiment and see for yourself4 ,the spirits of camphor is made by mixing #a ounces of gum camphor with pint of #ie per cent4 alcohol4 ,put into a bottle and let them dissolve1 shake occasionally1 after which it will be ready for use4 ,the spirits of saltpetre is made by taking #b ounces pulverized saltpetre put into a bottle1 then add #b ounces spirits of hartshorn1 and let it remain half a day1 shaking frequently1 then add scant pint #ie per cent4 alcohol1 shake and let it dissolve1 when it will be fit for use4 ,for rheumatism add more hartshorn1 and bathe the parts affected well4 ,,ointment ,,for ,,gout ,,and ,,rheumatism4 ,the chloride of gold made into an ointment with lard is said to speedily relieve the pains of the gout or rheumatism4 ,it stains the skin purple1 which can be easily removed by washing it with urine4 ,,for ,,rheumatism4 ,take #b balsam apples1 put into gallon of good fourth proof whiskey in a jug and let it stand for a week or ten days1 shaking occasionally4 ,dose1 one wine glassful three times a day4 ,keep from exposure while using and eat nothing greasy or that disagrees with the stomach4 ,this has cured where other remedies have failed1 and should the first gallon not entirely cure1 use the second immediately4 ,,effectual ,,cure ,,for ,,rheumatism4 ,the following receipt1 given by an ,englishman to a respectable tradesman of ,limerick1 7,ireland17 who had for a considerable time labored under the most violent rheumatic pains in all his limbs and joints1 having been used by him as directed but #e or #f times1 as he states1 eradicated the disease completely4 ,anxious that so effectual a remedy should be made publicly known we publish the recipe3 ,take #a ounce of sulphur1 #a ounces of saltpetre1 #a ounces gum guscomb1 #b nutmegs2 the whole to be finely powdered in a mortar and #ab ounces of molasses4 ,a tea spoonful to be taken every night on going to bed2 should it operate too much on the bowels1 a smaller quantity is to be taken4 ,,plaster ,,for ,,rheumatism4 ,or ,pains in the ,back1 c4 ,it is said to be a certain cure4 ,take #a pound of rosin and melt it over a slow fire1 then add pint of tar pouring in slowly1 stirring all the time2 when it is well mixed pour all into cold water1 and work it well with your hands4 ,as soon as it is cool and stiff enough1 spread it on a linen rag and apply it to the affected part4 ,the plaster should be a little larger than the pain extends--if you put the plaster on sheep skin it will be better4 ,this is sure to give relief4 ,,to ,,make ,,honey ,,without ,,bees4 ,take #h pounds best brown sugar1 #a pounds rendered honey1 #a ounce cream of tartar1 #d drops essence of wintergreen1 #b drops essence of peppermint1 #b ounces best molasses1 #c parts of a pint pure cold water1 dissolve the cream of tartar1 then put all in a tin or bell metal vessel1 let boil gently #f or #h minutes1 stirring and mixing occasionally2 then beat up the white of #b eggs into a foam1 and stir them in1 and when nearly cool stir in #b pounds more of bees honey2 skim off whatever may rise to the top4 ,if you want it nice and clean1 strain it through a coarse cloth as soon as you have the eggs stirred in4--,if you strain it put in the #b lbs4 of honey after it is strained4 ,this makes an excellent honey4 ,the addition of the eggs is simply to give it the appearance of having combs in it1 but can be left out if you wish4 ,the same honey may be used for the second making4 ,,judkin',s ,,ointment4 ,take #a pound of red lead1 pound rosin1 #a pint linseed oil1 #c tablespoonsful lamp black1 #b ounces ,british oil1 ounce sugar of lead finely pulverized4 ,boil this over a slow fire one hour1 then add #a pint more of linseed oil1 and boil another hour1 when done add pint of turpentine while cooling off1 stir and mix well1 do not put the turpentine in when first taken off the fire4 ,let it cool #e minutes1 then pour in the turpentine slowly1 stirring well4 ,should it catch on fire while pouring in the turpentine1 put a lid or cover over the vessel immediately to smother the fire4 ,there is no danger in making if careful1 as it will be easily smothered4 ,pour out into a new earthen crock1 let cool off1 and when cool put into a jar or tin box4 ,there is nothing better than this preparation for wounds1 fresh or old boils1 and cannot be surpassed for scalds1 burns1 c4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use4 ,spread a thin coat of the ointment on a piece of linen rag large enough to cover the scald or burn1 which should be renewed twice a day4--,scrape the old ointment off1 and the rag may be used again with another coat of fresh ointment4 ,for boils cut a hole in the rag so as to give it room to open and discharge its contents2 renew the ointment three times a day4 ,this is considered one of the best ointments of the age4 ,give it a trial and its effects will soon be felt4 ,,remedy ,,for ,,the ,,bite ,,of ,a ,,snake4 ,take the spirits of camphor made of whiskey and apply it to the bite1 turning the bottle which contains it over the bite and let it remain on until all the poison is drawn out4 ,the bottle used should have a large mouth so that it may cover the wound entirely4 ,drink freely of the whiskey until you begin to feel its effects4 ,this done in time has never failed4 ,,for ,,the ,,piles4 ,take the kernel of three peach seeds1 mash them well1 then add hog's lard or fresh butter1 not salted1 enough to form a salve and rub this between two butter plates until it becomes of a bluish color1 grease with it and take enough rhubarb to keep the bowels open4 ,,certain ,,cure ,,for ,,cancer4 ,take #a pint of strong ley and boil down till it forms a salve1 then apply every #ae minutes until seven plasters have been applied1 and as soon as it begins to bleed stop the applications1 then work the core out and grease with hog's lard to kill it2 heal with ointment or some good salve4 ,when the ley has been boiled down1 should the substance that remains become hard1 work it into a salve4 ,this is also good for the cure of fistula or poll evil in horses4 ,,for ,,white ,,swellings4 ,take #a handful of mullin leaves and pint of old rye whiskey2 boil these together and strain1 then add #a gill of turpentine and #b gills of spirits of camphor4 ,bathe well until all the swelling and soreness has left1 wrap with flannel which should he dampened with the lotion2 this is a certain remedy4 ,,to ,,keep ,,cider ,,sweet4 ,make the cider as late in the fall as possible from solid apples1 without using any water1 put away immediately from the press1 and lay it in some place where it may remain quiet1 let the place be as cool as possible4 ,fill the barrel up full1 take the bung out and leave it out for four days1 filling it up occasionally as it settles or works out4 ,should the cider stop working under #d days1 rack it off carefully from the dregs1 which should be done as soon as the cider stops working1 then put your cider into a clean sweet barrel--it should be a barrel that has had whiskey or brandy in it--if not1 rinse with water until perfectly clean1 then sweetened by putting in a small quantity of whiskey4 ,if this cannot be done soak your barrels well so that they may be sweet and clean4 ,after having racked your cider off from the dregs carefully1 put in the whites of #f eggs1 battered light1 and a scant pint of mustard seed4 ,bung up and in #e or #f weeks rack it off again carefully from the dregs4 ,cleanse the barrel well and put in the same barrel-- gallon of old rye whiskey will add considerably to its flavor4 ,if your cider is very sour1 add from #c to #e lbs4 white sugar2 to insure its preservation it should be strained through a cloth from the press4 ,by being careful--cider put up in this way will keep for #e years4 ,,for ,,boiled ,,cider4 ,make the cider late in the fall1 using none but sound apples1 not even those with small specks in1 without any water4 ,take it right from the press and put it in a copper kettle2 boil it one hour from the time it commences2 skim it off as the skum arises as clean as you can2 then pour into a clean1 sweet whiskey barrel1 put into a bag scant pint of mustard seed2 let the bag down through the bung hole by a string1 making the string fast to the barrel so as it can be drawn out again conveniently4 ,it may be flavored with ground cinnamon or cloves if you fancy the taste4 ,cider put up in this way will keep a long time and makes an excellent drink1 by adding gallon of old rye whiskey it may be kept a number of years4 ,cider1 either from the press or boiled1 put into bottles or jugs1 corked up tight and sealed over with sealing-wax2 it can be kept many years1 and makes a delicious drink4 ,,cherry ,,brandy4 ,press out the juice and add #a gallon of water to #ab gallons of the juice2 then dissolve in the juice #a pound of white sugar to the gallon2 boil slowly in a copper kettle1 and skim off what rises to the top4 ,do not boil too long or it will get thick2 when the skum stops rising freely pour it into some vessel to cool4 ,do not allow it to stand in the kettle to cool4 ,when it has become cool put into whatever vessel you wish to keep it in1 and add as much old rye whiskey as may suit your taste1 say from #a to #c gallons4 ,the better the whiskey is the better your brandy will be4 ,black heart cherries are the best if they can be had4 ,this makes a much better drink than port wine4 ,,black ,,or ,,dewberry ,,cordial4 ,for diarrha or summer complaint4 ,this is made by adding #a pound of white sugar to #c pounds of black or dewberries1 allowing them to stand for twelve hours1 then pressing out the juice and strain well1 adding #a third part good french brandy and #a tea spoonful of finely pulverized allspice in every part of the cordial1 which is ready for use at once4 ,this cordial cannot be surpassed for children and weak stomachs1 c4 ,,black ,,or ,,dewberry ,,wine4 ,an excellent wine and a valuable medicine for home use4 ,to make a wine equal to port wine1 take ripe blackberries1 or dewberries are best2 press out the juice1 let it stand thirty-six hours to ferment1 skim off whatever rises to the top1 then to every gallon of the juice add one quart of water and #c pounds of white sugar4 ,let this stand in open vessels for #bd hours1 skim and strain it1 then barrel it up until ,march1 when it should be racked off carefully from the dregs1 and bottled up for use4 ,,gas ,,beer4 ,for #h gallon vessel--take three pints of fresh yeast1 #c pints of ,new ,orleans molasses1 put into your keg1 then add #c gallons of fresh water1 bung up1 and shake to mix well4 ,then take a tin bucket and put in one tea spoonful of ground cinnamon1 #a of ground cloves1 #c tablespoonsful of ground allspice1 #a of ginger1 #c pints of molasses1 then pour on it hot water and mix well2 let this stand some #aj or #ae minutes1 then pour it into the keg and fill up with fresh water1 bung up tight2 put something over the bung to keep it from working out--use a strong keg for this purpose4 ,this makes an excellent cooling drink in summer4 ,lay your keg in the sun several hours or until it commences to work4--,in cold weather lay your keg close to the fire--in fifteen or twenty hours it will be fit for use4 ,,silver ,,top ,,drink4 ,take #a quart of water1 #c pounds of sugar1 #a tea spoonful of lemon oil2 #a table spoonful of flour1 with the white of #e eggs well beat up1 mix the above well together1 then divide the syrup and add #d ounces of carbonate acid in the other1 and bottle for use4 ,pour about a gill out of one bottle into a tumbler and the same quantity out of the other bottle into another glass1 add a little water if you choose1 pour the two together and drink while effervescing4 ,,black ,,ink4 ,take #d ounces of the extract of log wood1 ounce of bycromate of pot ash1 #a pint boiling water1 stir well until all is dissolved--if the ink is not black enough1 add a little more of bycromate of pot ash4 ,this preparation will also answer for coloring goods1 c4 ,,red ,,ink4 ,take of spirits of hartshorn #a pint1 pure carmine drachm1 put into a bottle and shake well and it is fit for use4 ,,indellible ,,ink4 ,take of lunar caustic #ajj grains1 gum arabic #ajj grains1 make both fine and pour water enough over to dissolve it1 put into a phial and stop tightly4 ,to make the preparation to be used before writing on the linen1 take #b drachms of salts of tartar2 #b drachms gum arabic1 dissolve these in #a ounce of rain water4 ,before using the ink1 wet whatever article you wish to mark with this last preparation and dry with a smooth iron1 then wash the gum out and you have the name indellibly fixed4 ,,another ,,black ,,ink4 ,take #a pound logwood1 #a gallon soft water1 boil it #a hour and add #be grains of bycromate of pot ash1 #ab grains of prusiate of pot ash1 stir a few minutes over the fire1 take it off1 and when settled strain it4 ,,washing ,,fluid4 ,take #a gallon of soft soap1 #d ounces of sal soda1 gallon soft water1 and gill of spirits of turpentine1 place them all into a pot over a fire and allow the mixture to boil a few minutes1 it is then ready for use and can be kept in an earthen or stone vessel4 ,in using this fluid the clothes intended to be washed should be soaked in water #aj or #ab hours1 say over night1 and then to a #aj or #ab gallon boiler or kettle full of clothes1 covered with water1 add #a pint of fluid1 boil briskly for fifteen minutes1 and then wring them out in fresh water4 ,it will be found that little or no rubbing will be necessary4--,this preparation will save a great deal of hard rubbing and labor--it is truly worth trying4 ,,transparent ,,soap4 ,take #c pounds of best rosin soap1 #a quart of best alcohol1 #a ounce of venice turpentine1 #a ounce of oil of sassafras1 or you may use bergamot or the oil of lemon1 or cinnamon1 either of which will answer4 ,cut the soap into thin shavings1 put into a pan the alcohol and soap1 melt over a slow fire so as just to keep from boiling2 when all is dissolved let it boil a minute or two1 you must be careful not to let the blaze of the fire get to it or it will catch on fire2 it is best to put it on a stove where there will be no danger1 keep stirring slowly until all is melted1 then add your venice turpentine1 stirring and mixing for a minute or so1 then take your pan off the fire and put in your oil of sassafras immediately1 or whatever oil you intend using1 the oil of sassafras is however the best4 ,this soap cannot be surpassed for shaving1 washing1 and is excellent for sore or rough hands4 ,try it and you will be surprised--the rosin soap used must be clear4 ,,prof4 ,,biddle',s ,,celebrated ,,preparation ,,for ,,the ,,hair ,,and ,,head4 ,to make #a quart1 take nearly one half a pint of cold pressed castor oil and fill it nearly full of #ie per cent4 alcohol1 then add ounce of spirits of hartshorn1 ounce of tincture of cantharides1 #dj drops oil of bergamot1 which gives it an elegant perfume--shake well and it is ready for use4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use4 ,wash your head first with whiskey1 then apply the hair oil freely1 pour it on the head gently and rub with the hand or stiff brush4 ,for children only use the hair oil4 ,to remove the dandruff1 comb the head well with a fine comb1 do this every time you use the preparation4 ,this oil should be applied twice a week1 which will loosen the dandruff so that it may be easily removed4 ,a great and valuable discovery for the hair and head1 two or three applications of which will remove every particle of dandruff1 purify the skin and prevent the hair from coming out1 giving new life and vigor to every hair on the head1 and changing light or sandy hair to a beautiful dark lustre2 also curing dizzy or nervous headache4 ,no one should be without this valuable preparation1 especially those who are subject to dandruff eruptions of the skin1 falling off of the hair1 dizzy or nervous headache4 ,if it should make the head tender1 only use half the tincture of cantharides4 ,the alcohol must be strictly #ie per cent4--you can add hartshorn if not strong enough1 also bergamot for perfume to suit4 ,it is good for tetter on the head4 ,every ingredient can be had at almost any of the drug stores4 ,,to ,,restore ,,the ,,hair ,,in ,,baldness4 ,take of cold pressed castor oil #b ounces1 tincture of cantharides ounce1 acetic acid ounce1 strong water of amonia #a ounces1 oil of nutmegs drachm1 oil of lavender drachm1 put this in a bottle1 make into a lotion1 when it will be ready for use4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use4 ,the head should be perfectly cleaned of all dirt and dandruff1 with castile soap and warm water1 and the lotion applied freely and rubbed in with a stiff hair brush once a day2 in a week or two its good effects will be manifested4 ,this is the best preparation for baldness yet introduced--give it a fair trial and you will not be disappointed4 ,the drugs of this preparation can be had at any of the drug stores4 ,,toothache ,,balsam4 ,take of creosote #a drachm1 oil of cloves #a drachm1 tincture of camphor #b drachms1 oil of petroleum #b drachms1 mix them thoroughly and cork tight for use4 ,a few drops of this mixture on cotton and applied to the nerve of the tooth will relieve the pain4 ,,tooth ,,powder4 ,take of supercarbonate of soda #a ounce1 pulverized orris root an ounce1 cream of tartar ounce1 oil of roses #aj drops1 mix them properly4 ,this may be used with the finger1 rag or soft tooth brush4 ,,another ,,tooth ,,powder4 ,carbonate of magnesia any quantity1 perfumed with the oil of cinnamon or neroli4 ,this is the best tooth powder for children--the teeth should always be cleaned after eating1 if you wish to keep the breath sweet4 ,,cologne ,,water ,no4 #a4 ,take of oil of bergamot #a ounce1 oil of lavender ounce1 oil of neroli #a drachm1 oil of roses #ae drops1 oil of cloves #cj drops1 new milk #a pint1 pure alcohol #a gallon1 digest #a day and filter through close flannel several times4 ,,cologne ,,water ,no4 #b4 ,take of oil of bergamot #a ounce1 oil of lemon #a ounce1 oil of lavender #c ounces1 tincture of muck #a drachm1 pure alcohol #g pints1 rose water #a pint1 gum camphor #bj grains1 mix and digest #a day and filter--cork up tight for use4 ,,cologne ,,water ,no4 #c4 ,take oil of roses #e drops1 oil of bergamot #a ounce1 oil of lemon #a ounce1 oil of lavender #b ounces1 oil of rosemary ounce1 oil of cinnamon #aj drops1 pure alcohol #g pints1 new milk #a pint4 ,let the mixture stand one day and filter4 ,all preparations of cologne should be kept closely stopped1 otherwise they will lose their fine flavor4 ,,toothache ,,drops4 ,take of #ie per cent4 alcohol #a pint1 oil of origanum #b ounces1 gum camphor #b ounces1 tartaric acid ounce4 ,digest #a day and mix well1 when it will be ready for use--cork up tight4--,a few drops of this mixture on cotton applied to the nerve1 and the gums well rubbed with it will soon relieve the pain4 ,this is harmless and pleasant4 ,if you cannot get any cotton to the nerve1 bathe the tooth and gums well with it4 ,,for ,,dyspepsia4 ,take of #a pounds of white mustard seed from #a tea spoonful to #a table spoonful1 between meals--the whole seeds in cold water4 ,,to ,,preserve ,,butter ,no4 #a4 ,take saltpetre and loaf sugar of an equal proportion and make a liquid4 ,after packing the butter in a jar or sweet keg1 pour over enough of the liquid to cover the butter an inch or two4 ,if you should wish to re-pack the butter1 pour off the liquid1 which if sweet1 may be used again when you have done packing4 ,,to ,,preserve ,,butter ,no4 #b4 ,reduce separately to a fine powder1 in a dry mortar1 #b pounds of the best common salt1 #a pound of saltpetre and #a pound of loaf sugar2 sift one of them over the other on a sheet of paper1 then mix them well together and they are ready for use4 #a ounce of the preparation is enough1 to a pound of butter1 and if well worked in will preserve it sweet for three years4 ,this is worth giving a trial4 ,,to ,,pickel ,,cucumbers4 ,let your cucumbers be small1 fresh gathered and free from spots2 then make a pickel of salt and water1 strong enough to bear up an egg2 boil the pickel in a copper kettle if convenient2 and skim it well2 then pour it upon the cucumbers and tie them down for #bd hours1 strain out through a colander and dry off well with a cloth4 ,take the best wine or cider vinegar1 cloves1 mace1 nutmegs1 pepper and race ginger1 boil them together and put the cucumbers in with a little salt1 as soon as they begin to turn their color1 put them into jars1 crocks or tight barrels2 when cold tie on a bladder or leather4 ,this is excellent and worthy attention4 ,,soft ,,ginger ,,bread4 ,four cups of molasses1 #b of butter1 #b of milk1 eight eggs1 two teaspoonsful of pearlash1 ginger1 and sufficient flour to make it stiff as pound cake4 ,,to ,,preserve ,,peaches4 ,take ripe free stone peaches--pare1 stone and quarter them2 to six pounds of the cut peaches allow three pounds of the best brown sugar2 stew the sugar and peaches together1 and set them away in a covered vessel2 next morning put them into a preserving kettle and boil it slowly about an hour and three quarters1 skimming it well4 ,,to ,,preserve ,,plumbs1 c4 ,a pound of sugar to a pound of fruit2 the sugar should be melted over a fire1 moderate enough not to scorch it when melted4 ,it should be skimmed clean and the fruit dropped in to simmer until it is soft4 ,put them in jars and cover carefully from the air4 ,glass is much better than earthen for preserves--they are not so apt to ferment4 ,,soap ,,to ,,take ,,grease ,,out ,,of ,,cloth1 ,,satins1 ,,silks1 c4 ,take #d pounds of white bar soap1 #a pints #ie per cent4 alcohol1 #a ounces of nitric acid1 #b do4 of saltpetre1 #b ounces soda1 ounce camphor2 cut the bar soap into thin shavings1 put all the above ingredients in a crock1 then boil over a slow fire1 with very little blaze2 pulverize your camphor as fine as possible and when all is properly dissolved1 which will take #a hour or so then take the pot off the fire and when cooled add #a ounces spirits of amonia1 pour in slowly stirring all the time2 should it catch on fire smother it with a cover or by throwing a cloth over the pot4 ,stir while boiling1 and scent with ounce of oil of cinnamon4 ,this will remove grease spots from cloth1 silks1 c41 by taking a tooth brush--dip into water and make a lather with the soap1 rub the grease spot well with the brush and lather1 then wash it out twice in cold water1 rinsing and squeezing the soap out as clean as possible--let it be clean water each time4 ,this will take grease1 paint1 tar1 oil1 c41 out of any kind of goods when properly applied4 ,by pouring it in a flat pan you can cut your soap into cakes of any size4 ,,soap ,,for ,,grease1 ,,tar1 ,,paint1 c4 ,take #a quart #ie per cent4 alcohol1 #b pounds best home made soap2 cut the soap into thin shavings1 then put the soap and alcohol into a pan or vessel over a slow fire1 and let all dissolve before it boils2 when dissolved boil a few minutes1 then pour the soap into a pan1 and when cooled off cut into cakes4 ,this preparation is excellent for washing dirty clothes and will not require near the labor that the common soap does4 ,for cloth1 silks1 c41 you may take less soap4 ,it may be used in the same manner directed for the other soap4 ,,remedy ,,for ,,itch ,no4 #a ,take broad dock roots and lard sufficient to form a mixture1 boil it until it forms a salve4--,bury the salve in the ground for #bd hours1 then grease #b or #c times every evening before going to bed1 dry in by the stove and shift the clothes4 ,it never fails4 ,take sulphor of brimstone several days before applying the salve4 ,this plant is not the burdock nor the narrowdock1 which it resembles1 except that the leaves of the broad dock are broader and the stocks do not grow near so high4 ,,remedy ,,for ,,itch ,no4 #b4 ,take #d ounces of venice turpentine1 #d ounces of red precipitate1 #a pound of unwashed butter4 ,the turpentine must be washed #i times in fresh spring water1 then mix all the ingredients thoroughly4 ,apply several times of an evening before going to bed and dry in at the stove1 after which put on clean clothes4 ,avoid getting wet while using this salve4 ,take sulphor and cream of tartar #b or #c days before applying4 ,,remedy ,,for ,,itch ,no4 #c4 ,take narrow dock and grate it1 then add sweet milk or cream and fry them together and grease with it #c or #d times every evening1 drying in at the stove1 then dress with clean clothes4 ,take tea spoonful of sulphor twice a day several days before and after4 ,this is a certain cure4 ,,pills ,,by ,,dr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,,young4 ,take calomel1 jalap1 aloes and rhubarb1 equal portions1 mix all together and add a little water at a time1 and mix until you cannot see the calomel grains1 roll in powdered helebore or epicac4 ,dose from #a to #c pills once a day in the evening4 ,roll the mixture out in rolls and cut up to make the regular sizes4 ,these are an excellent domestic pill4 ,,french ,,patent ,,oil ,,varnish4 ,for ,boots1 ,shoes1 ,harness and ,carriages3--,take #a gallon alcohol1 #a pounds gum shellac1 #h ounces of white turpentine1 #d ounces of rosin1 #d ounces of venice turpentine1 #d ounces oil of lavender1 #a ounce lamp black to color with2 put the gum shellac and alcohol into a jug and shake1 let it stand a day or two to dissolve1 then add the other ingredients and shake well until all is dissolved1 when it is ready for use4 ,in applying this polish use a sponge or brush1 lightly and briskly1 and it will make a beautiful polish4 ,it will render leather water proof1 but if used regularly a small quantity of oil should be applied occasionally4 ,,cox',s ,,hive ,,syrup4 ,take of bruised squills #aj drachms1 seneca snake root #aj drachms2 add the squills and snake root to #a pint of water that has been first boiled1 settled and poured off and simmer slowly until you have but half a pint of water1 then strain it off and add clarified sugar #a pound1 and simmer until all are well mixed1 then add tartar emetic #bb grains1 salts of tartar #bb grains1 stir and mix properly while the fluid is warm1 stop it up tight for use4 ,this syrup is good in coughs1 croup or bad colds in children1 in #aj or #ae drop doses--no family should do without it one day4 ,if you do not wish to be troubled making it1 buy some and always keep it in your house4 ,it is a sure and safe remedy for croup1 in which little larger doses should be administered often until it vomits pretty freely--continue with the syrup until the tightness is broken1 then use occasionally1 not enough to vomit so often4 ,by keeping this remedy at hand you may save some one of your family1 and a large amount of trouble and expense4 ,in croup put a mustard plaster on the breast and throat immediately1 as no time is to be lost4 ,mustard plaster is made with ground mustard and wheat flour equal parts2 mix them together and wet with warm vinegar1 greasing the throat and breast with turpentine or good liniment2 putting flannel around the neck is very good4--,young parents should be on their guard when not acquainted with the disease4 ,,domestic ,,cough ,,syrup4 ,take of cumfrey root one ounce1 elecampane root #a ounce1 nettle root #a ounce1 hoarhound leaves #a ounce1 spikenard root ounce1 pulverize all fine and boil them in a quart of water down to a pint1 strain the liquor off and when settled pour off again2 add to it #a pint of strained honey1 and simmer down slowly to a pint and a half2 add to it scant ounce juice of indian turnip2 take a green turnip and beat and squeeze the juice out1 add to the syrup when milk warm2 if put in while hot it will lose its medical properties4 ,a table spoonful or less may be taken from #d to #f times a day1 in cases of bad cough1 it is healing and strengthening to the lungs2 it may be made with or without the indian turnip juice4 ,the indian turnip is an excellent of itself4 ,,great ,,salve ,,for ,,wounds1 c4 ,take #a pound sheep tallow1 #a pound beeswax1 pound rosin elder inside bark1 #a pound balm of gillead leaves or flowers1 put into a pan and fry over a slow fire to a salve1 spread thin on a linen rag and apply #b or #c times a day4 ,,soda ,,powders4 ,to make these powders put #a tea spoonful of carbonate of soda into a glass nearly half full of water1 and tea spoonful of tartaric acid in the other1 and add enough sugar and lemon syrup or lemon juice to suit the taste2 stir and dissolve the powders and sugar1 then pour one into the other and drink while effervescing4 ,this is a very pleasant and cooling drink4 ,,patent ,,black ,,japan4 ,for iron or wood carriages1 c4 ,take #a gallon of turpentine1 #b pounds asphaltum1 put them into an iron pot over a charcoal fire and let remain until dissolved1 then strain it--if it becomes too thick when cold add spirits of turpentine4 ,for wood or canvass add while hot1 to every gallon #a pint of copal varnish and pint of linseed oil4 ,this is a good and cheap paint or varnish1 used by a great many coach-makers1 blacksmiths1 c4 ,,to ,,make ,,soft ,,soap4 ,take #aj pounds of common yellow or rosin soap1 such as is purchased here for #d or #f cents per pound1 #f pounds sal-soda1 #aj gallons soft or rain water2 cut the soap into small thin pieces and put the whole over a fire1 bring the water nearly to a boiling point and allow it to remain at that temperature until the soap is thoroughly dissolved2 it may then be taken off4 ,if the soap made with these ingredients is found to be too strong add cold water until it becomes of the proper consistency and strength4 ,,furniture ,,polish4 ,take pound beeswax1 separate into shavings1 put in a pan and add gallon of spirits of turpentine and #a pint linseed oil2 let it remain for #ab hours1 then stir it well with a stick into a liquid2 while stirring add pound shellac varnish and #a ounce alkinet root4 ,put this mixture into a gallon jar and stand it before a fire or in an oven for a week1 just to keep it warm1 shaking it up #c or #d times a day1 then strain it through a hair sieve or fine flannel4 ,in using pour a tea spoonful on a wad of baize or flannel1 and go lightly over the face or other parts of the mahogany furniture1 then apply a similar dry wad briskly and in three minutes it will produce a dark brilliant polish1 unequalled and of great value4 ,the shellac varnish is made by taking pound good gum shellac and pouring alcohol enough over to dissolve it1 say as much as to cover the shellac4 ,,essence ,,of ,,lemon4 ,take #a pint alcohol1 ounce of oil of lemon1 color with tincture of tamarisk4 ,to make these essences for family use you should take #ie per cent4 alcohol and the quantity of oil named in the receipt1 which will save you three hundred per cent4 paying you for your labor4 ,if you wish to make a pint1 get a glass bottle that will hold a little more than a pint and put your alcohol and oil in1 shake and mix them well1 then color to suit4 ,to make #a gallon of the essences for sale1 take #a gallon of common alcohol and #b ounces of the oil--color as in the others4 ,,essence ,,of ,,peppermint4 ,take #a pint alcohol1 ounce of oil of peppermint1 and if you wish it colored add in small quantities the tincture of tamarisk1 stirring it1 until you have the color to suit your taste4 ,this is excellent for cramp colic in man or horse4 ,,eye ,,water4 ,take #dj grains sulphate of zinc to pint of warm soft water1 shake until well dissolved and cork up tightly4 ,in using pour out about #a tea spoonful into a cup and bathe the eyes with it4 ,never use by dipping your finger into the bottle1 but pour a small quantity out into a vessel of some kind4 ,this is the best eye water yet introduced and will be certain to relieve the inflamed eye4 ,try it and its efficacy will soon be manifested4 ,always bathe the eye of an evening1 just before going to bed--if it is used during the day you should keep out of the air4 ,if too strong add a little water4 ,the cost of this preparation is but #f cents1 and cannot be surpassed4 ,,essence ,,of ,,cinnamon4 ,take #a pint of alcohol1 ounce of oil of cinnamon1 color with the tincture of red sanders1 and mix as above4 ,this is excellent in diarrha1 summer complaints or looseness of the bowels4 ,,certain ,,cure ,,for ,,felon4 ,we have known instances of the most intense suffering1 neither rest by day or sleep at night1 in which this process has effected cures4 ,as soon as it becomes apparent that a felon is making its appearance1 which is known by a constant soreness and pain proceeding from the bone1 take a strong cord of any kind and wrap it about the afflicted part1 as tightly as can be borne2 keep it in this condition until the pain can be endured no longer4 ,now loose the cords and soon as the pain1 caused by the cording subsides1 tighten it again4 ,continue this for several days or until the felon is completely blackened and killed4--,we have known several persons who have been afflicted with felons to try this remedy with success--in fact we have never known it to fail4 ,the cording stops the circulation and then the sore has nothing to feed upon1 when it soon dies of starvation4 ,we have faith in this remedy1 even after a felon has made considerable progress4 ,if the felon has commenced at the bone the sooner you have it cut the better2 there is no application that will burst or open the skin that is next to the bone1 it should be cut if the above remedy fails4--,clipper4 ,,cure ,,for ,,bronchitis4 ,croton oil it is said will entirely remove this complaint4 ,a minister of the gospel who had been laid aside from his pastoral office by the bronchitis1 for three years1 has entirely recovered his voice by the application of croton oil to the surface of the throat1 against the organ affected1 one drop daily rubbed over the surface produced a singular but powerful eruption of the skin1 which as it progressed restored his voice to its full tone and vigor4 ,,receipt ,,for ,,hogs4 ,that have lost their appetite4 ,put urine in the slop1 or when you can conveniently1 urinate in the trough as you pass along4 ,this is excellent1 but a small quantity of ashes put in their slop cannot be surpassed for restoring the appetite1 and also very good for the kidneys1 worms1 c4 ,give it a trial and be convinced of its efficacy4 ,,grease ,,for ,,carriages1 c4 ,take #a pound of beeswax1 pint of lamp black1 mix well while hot1 and when cooling off1 add oil until it becomes of a proper consistency4 ,in the winter season add more oil4 ,this makes a lasting grease1 which cannot be surpassed for carriages1 c4 ,,for ,,plague ,,blister4 ,take sassafras leaves and dip them in warm water1 then take castile soap and make a thick lather1 and apply with a soft brush as far as the sore or inflammation extends1 then apply the sassafras leaves1 warm #c or #d thick1 tie it up loosely1 renew every #h hours4 ,this cannot be surpassed for inflammation of this nature4 ,give it a trial and its effects will soon be felt4 ,use none but castile soap4 ,the following certificate attests the value of this simple cure3-- ,,middletown ,frederick ,co41 ,md4 ,june #eth1 #aheb4 ,to all whom it may concern1 greeting3-- ,i hereby certify1 that some time in ,march1 #ahdg1 my wife was afflicted with a pain and swelling in her arm1 which proved extremely painful1 and appeared to be contracting the arm1 leaving a red or purple streak as far as the swelling extended4 ,as some three or four of my children were then lying sick with scarlet fever1 also a negro girl1 several physicians were sent for to attend them1 who were consulted in relation to my wife4 ,some pronounced it the hysterics1 others attempted to effect a cure1 but all in vain2 at length it was pronounced a pest or plague blister and very dangerous4 ,the person who informed me what it was1 recommended me to ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,koogle for a cure4 ,mr4 ,koogle came and applied poultices1 which in an hour or two after the first application relieved her so much as to enable her to sleep1 which she had not done for ten or twelve days4 ,previous to this the physicians recommended every thing that had a tendency to induce sleep without avail4 ,nothing could ease her pain so as to enable her to sleep4 ,she continued the poultices recommended by ,mr4 ,koogle until finally relieved1 though they left the hand and part of the arm perfectly hollow--nothing but skin1 bone and sinew--yet the parts are now entirely healed and as full as usual1 without any other application4 ,yours1 c4 ,,jacob ,t4 ,c4 ,,miller4 ,,receipt ,,for ,,humors ,,or ,,breaking ,,out ,,on ,,children4 ,take wheat flour and put into a hot stove1 roast it to a brown color1 stir and mix it while browning4 ,in using sprinkle on the sore--it scarcely ever fails to heal after all other remedies have failed4 ,the sores should not be dried up too suddenly1 and particularly when it is a general breaking out over the face1 hands1 c4 ,,certain ,,cure ,,for ,,bite ,,of ,a ,,snake4 ,drink as much whiskey as you can4 ,it will do no harm and is a certain cure--use it immediately after the bite4 ,,cure ,,for ,,the ,,bite ,,of ,a ,,mad ,,dog4 ,take of elecampane root #a ounces1 cut it fine or pulverize if you can1 then boil it in one pint of new milk down to a quarter of a pint4 ,take this in the morning fasting1 and eat no food till #d o'clock in the afternoon4 ,it should be taken every other morning--the two last doses must weigh #b ounces each4 ,this may be used several times a day4 ,,clay ,,poultice ,,for ,,man ,,or ,,horse4 ,take of yellow clay any quantity1 and add vinegar enough to form a poultice1 apply it cold4 ,to a sprained joint it gives very speedy relief1 often cures in one night4 ,this cannot be surpassed for a fresh sprain on horses4 ,,domestic ,,tonic4 ,yellow poplar bark1 dogwood bark1 wild cherry bark1 #a ounce of each2 pulverize fine1 and add to them #a quart of whiskey1 shake the bottle and let it stand one week4 ,a table spoonful in water three times a day is a dose in cases of debility after fevers4 ,,ointment ,,for ,,scrofulus ,,ulcers4 ,take of basilicon ointment #a ounce1 venice turpentine oz41 pulverized verdigris #b drachms1 beef gall ounce1 mix them perfectly over a slow fire4 ,dress the sores twice a day--do not wet them but wipe them clean with a soft rag4 ,,green ,,ointment4 ,take basilicon ointment pound1 finely pulverized verdigris ounce2 melt the basilicon slowly and add the verdigris1 stirring until it is well mixed4 ,this is a good dressing for old sores and ring worms on the head or face4 ,,tincture ,,of ,,peach ,,kernels4 ,take pint of peach kernels1 bruise them and add one quart of whiskey4 ,take a table spoonful three times a day4 ,this often cures gravel in the form of sand or fine gravel in the bladder4 ,we have known the patient to pass off gravel in large quantities while using this remedy4 ,,for ,,transplanting ,,trees4 ,that are flagging or drooping1 or looking as if they were going to say good bye4 ,first reduce the top litter1 or if needed a good deal1 it may be that there is more top to exhaust than root to supply2 then loosen the soil and water if dry1 and lastly mulch the ground as far as the roots extend4 ,this you may do by covering it with three or four inches of straw4 ,litter tan bark or something of that sort to keep the roots cool and moist1 so as to cause them into new growth4 ,watering a transplanted tree every day1 letting the surface dry hard with the sun and wind1 is too much like basting a joint of meat before the kitchen fire to be looked upon as decent treatment1 for any thing living when you water do it after the sun sets4 ,if you find your fruit trees barren from too great running to wood1 7about the first of ,june is the time7 clip or pinch off the ends of the side shoots1 so as to expend its substance in making buds instead of wasting all the sap in over growth4 ,,how ,,to ,,keep ,,apples4 ,spread on the floor oats to the depth of about two inches2 the oats should be good and properly cured1 and then place your apples side by side on the oats until they are covered over with them4 ,then cover your apples again1 and continue laying a course of apples and oats until you have finished your crop4 ,if they are properly put up they will keep better in this way than any other way4 ,farmer try it and convince yourself4 ,,domestic ,,yeast4 ,boil #a pound of good flour1 pound of brown sugar and a little salt with two gallons of water for one hour4 ,when milk warm bottle it and cork close2 it will be fit for use in #bd hours2 #a pound yeast will make #ah pounds of bread4 ,,compost ,,to ,,prevent ,,crows ,,and ,,insects ,,from ,,taking ,,corn4 ,take from #a to #b pounds sulphor brimstone mixed with plaster and ashes1 and a handful scattered on to the corn as it peeps out of the ground will be sufficient to protect an acre from their ravages4 ,brimstone is a good manure on all soil that does not abound in it4 ,,how ,,to ,,destroy ,,lice ,,or ,,vermin ,,on ,,chickens4 ,place among the sand and dust that the hens dust themselves in pound black sulphor and also sprinkle some lime in and mix4 ,this will keep them off and give them a glossy appearance4 ,if infested with these insects dampen the skin under the feathers with a little water1 then sprinkle a little black sulphor on the skin1 and in #ab hours they will all disappear4 ,also1 previous to setting a hen1 if the nest be slightly sprinkled with the sulphor there1 is no danger of the hen becoming annoyed by them4 ,,worth ,,knowing4 ,one pound of green copperas1 costing #f cents1 dissolved in #a quart of water1 and poured down a privy1 will effectually destroy the foulest smells2 for water closets aboard ships and steamboats1 or for rats1 mice1 c41 keep it dissolved near the place and in a few days it will all disappear4 ,about hotels and other public places1 there is nothing so nice to cleanse places as simple green copperas dissolved under the bed in any thing that will hold water1 and thus render a hospital and other places for the sick free from unpleasant smells4 ,for butchers' stalls1 fish markets1 slaughter houses1 sinks and wherever there are offensive and putrid gasses1 dissolve copperas and sprinkle it about1 and in a few days the smell will pass away4 ,,appendix4 ,,information ,,how ,,to ,,treat ,,dangerous ,,diseases4 ,there are several diseases which are very dangerous and run their course in a very short time1 and prove fatal if they are not properly treated or arrested before they become firmly seated4 ,i would here urge upon every owner of horses1 7and in fact every disease which this work treats on17 to pay strict attention to it4 ,in many diseases1 what you can do must be done at once or not at all--the old saying is #8a stitch in time saves nine1' and there is a great deal of truth in this1 in many diseases4 ,i would here urge upon you the importance of glystering in certain diseases4 ,in the ,wind ,colic and also in the ,spasmodic ,colic1 as soon as you ascertain what the disease is and not before4 ,the truth of the matter is that no man has any right to give any medicine until he is certain what the disease is4 ,give the medicine and course of treatment prescribed in the disease then quickly follow with injections4 ,if you have neglected to prepare yourself for glystering1 back-rake with your hand--this is done by greasing the hand and arm with lard or oil and introduce it as far as you can4 ,the glystering or back-raking never does any harm but always assists in relieving4 ,every owner of horses should prepare himself with several large beef or hog bladders1 a few elders with the pith punched or burnt out1 and by so doing you are prepared at any time to give an injection4 ,this may be done by cutting a notch around the one end of the elder1 then fill your bladder with soap suds or oil1 next tie the bladder on the end of the elder you have notched1 firmly1 and introduce the elder into the fundament1 and then you can force the suds into the fundament easily by pressing on the bladder4 ,you should in all cases where there is great danger of losing your horse1 give injections and continue to repeat them until they operate4 ,there are many cases in colics that the horse is bound or corked1 this can be perceived by the horse trying frequently or straining to dung2 when this does occur it is very dangerous and you must in these cases give large doses of aloes and glyster freely1 repeating until you get it to operate4 ,if you fail to get an operation you will lose your horse4 ,preparation for glystering3 ,take warm water and make a suds with soap1 add thereto epsom salts1 and in some cases you may add oz4 aloes4 ,fish oil is a very good article of itself2 from a pint to a quart for one injection4 ,i have known #a pint of fish oil to be given as a drench in colic1 and has relieved where all other remedies have failed4 ,i will here state that there are more horses killed by medicine improperly given than ever was cured4 ,for this reason1 the great majority of owners of horses and in fact a great many farriers who pretend to know1 do not know what the disease is1 and next is a dose of medicine and perhaps in less than half an hour the horse drops down dead1 and why1 because in many cases the medicine given for the disease1 is the dose that poisons or kills him1 from the fact that he was mistaken in the disease1 or given medicine for one disease when it was another4 ,therefore1 ,i here again assert that no man has any right to give medicine until he fully ascertains what the disease is4 ,this he can easily get at if he will pay some attention to the symptoms which are so plainly described in this work4 ,as soon as your horse commences to complain1 watch him closely and you will find him to point out to you plainly what the disease is1 and you will find the horse to point it out to a hair's breadth as ,i have described it to you4 ,why is it that men will toil and labor hard through the summer's heat1 and expose themselves to the extreme cold in winter1 and at the end of the year perhaps1 will lose more in horse flesh than they have made4 ,millions of dollars are lost yearly in horses and a great part of it for the want of carefulness and paying some attention to the diseases of the horse1 which costs no man any hard labor or exposure4 ,let me urge upon you the importance of reading this work over again and again1 paying attention to it as you peruse it over1 and you will find it gives you such information as each and every person should have for his own interest4 ,i will here state that an ounce of preventative is a great deal better than a pound of cure4 ,many diseases might be prevented by being cautious in their treatment to horses and keeping them in a healthy condition4 ,this should be done by using the celebrated horse powders on page #fj1 twice a year1 fall and spring4 ,say you feed from #a to #a pounds to each horse1 each time1 fall and spring4 ,if you adopt this once you will never depart from it afterward1 as you will find it to be a preventative of diseases and will find so much improvement in your stock that you will not depart from it4 ,every man that has a horse should habit himself to sprinkle a little salt on the feed every time he feeds his horse4 ,the salt is nourishing and is just as much needed in the horse's food every meal as it is needed on the food that a man eats4 ,the ,inflammation of the ,lungs is another dangerous disease4 ,it is becoming to be a common disease among horses1 and carries off its thousands1 simply because it is at first a sneaking disease2 the farmer and owner thinks very little of it when it first makes its appearance1 and the truth is there are very few persons who know anything about the disease1 and if it is suffered to run over the third day1 you might as well take the horse out where you want him to die2 yet1 with all its danger and certainty of death if neglected1 there is not a disease which is plainer in its symptoms or is pointed out plainer by the horse than in this disease4 ,it is impossible to be mistaken in this disease if you but pay the least attention to it1 and is easily conquered if taken in time4 ,in this disease the foxglove1 tartar emetic and nitre should be used twice or thrice a day1 as directed in ,inflammation of the ,lungs4 ,bots is another which is very dangerous when they take hold4 ,feed the ,celebrated ,horse ,powders1 as directed and use plenty of salt and you will not have one case in a thousand of ,bots4 ,if you want the best ,lotion in the world for fresh or old wounds on horses1 turn to page #gj1 there you will find it1 ,tincture of ,aloes and ,myhr2 if you want to cure the ,ringbone or ,spavin1 turn to page #ga1 and you will find it2 if you want to cure the ,blood or ,bog ,spavin1 turn to page #fh2 if you want a ,lotion for to cure the ,scratches in a few days1 turn to page #fd2 if you want a ,lotion for ,sprains1 ,bruises1 ,swellings1 c41 turn to page #fc2 if you want a certain remedy for ,sweaney1 turn to page #gd2 if you want to see the ,list of ,medicines used in the diseases of horses1 you will find them from pages #ic to #ajh1 giving their medical properties and uses4 ,i will here name a few ,domestic ,medicines1 ,receipts1 c41 and would urge every person and family to make use of them and keep them on hand1 as they have proven to be very valuable and will do what they are recommended to do4 ,dr4 ,wickey's ,cholera ,medicine cannot be surpassed for cholera1 cholera morbus1 diarrha1 summer complaint1 looseness of the bowels1 sickness of the stomach1 cramp colic1 flux1 c4 ,this ,medicine is easily prepared and will keep for many years if made out of good brandy4 ,there is not any ,medicine now in use that will give the same amount of satisfaction as this1 and it is perfectly safe and harmless1 as it is purely vegetable1 see page #adh4 ,prof4 ,biddle's preparation for the hair and head will positively cure the tetter or any itching or humor of the skin1 will prevent the hair from falling off1 and has restored more hair than any other hair restorative ever introduced1 see page #agd4 ,if you want sweet cider the year round1 turn to page #afe and follow directions1 and you will have it2 if you want honey without bees1 turn to page #afa and you can have it2 if you have the rheumatism and want to be cured1 turn to pages #aeb1 #aec1 #aed and #aee2 if you want a liniment that cannot be surpassed and is easily made1 turn to page #aeg and you will see how to make it4 ,you should add double the quantity of laudanum and use the spirits of saltpetre--which is made by pouring alcohol over the saltpetre1 the same as the camphor4 ,if you want to read an interesting subject1 turn to page #aca and read the whole subject and you will have it in truth2 if you want the best medicine in the world for colic1 turn to pages #abh and #abi4 ,i will here state that the ,pipsisseway is the best for colic1 it has a whitish stripe running through the centre of the leaf4 ,the ,wintergreen has not this whitish stripe through the centre2 both of them keep green the year round4 ,the ,wintergreen is considered very excellent for colds and coughs1 it is used as a tea for coughs4 ,if you want an eye water that will relieve inflamed eyes1 turn to page #aid2 this is truly valuable and is a harmless application1 yet easily made1 costing but #f cents4 ,i have here named some of the leading articles1 which will prove to be very valuable to all that have occasion to make use of them4 ,try them and you will be convinced4 ,,scarlet ,,fever4 ,i will here give to the reader the symptoms of ,scarlet ,fever4 ,this disease has slain its thousands where the monster disease1 ,cholera has slain its hundreds1 and it becomes every parent to feel it his duty to be careful when the disease is in the neighborhood4 ,it is evident that the disease is contagious1 in this form it can be taken by inhaling the breath from one that has it1 and it is satisfactorily proven that it can be carried in woollen goods from one family to another4 ,,symptoms3--,this disease commences with chilliness1 dullness of the head and prostration of strength1 according to the violence of the attack4 ,there is sometimes nausea and vomiting1 and the surface soon becomes florid and hot4 ,the throat is generally inflamed and the same appearance extends to the tongue1 which is sometimes of a very deep scarlet1 tinged with blue4 ,if the symptoms are increased1 it is called ,scarlet ,fever in a malignant form1 the symptoms are very violent and the patient becomes pale and faint1 the heart palpitates1 the ,fever continues to rise higher and higher1 there is great danger4 ,the pulse now rises to one hundred and fifteen or twenty strokes in a minute4 ,the pulse and the eruption will give the form and character of the disease4 ,the eruption generally commences with red patches1 which spread and unite till they cover the whole body4 ,the eruption appears first on the face and neck1 then on the legs1 and the redness is greatest about the loins and bending of the joints1 and on the hands and ends of the fingers4 ,there is however not a perfect regularity in the eruption of ,scarlet ,fever1 either in appearance or duration4 ,in ordinary cases the eruption remains out about four days1 when the grain of the skin begins to peel off and in a few days more it disappears4 ,as the disease progresses1 the tonsils becomes specked with ash colored spots and ,ulceration follows4 ,in favorable cases their slugs come off in eight or ten days4 ,if the ,patient does not die by the ninth day1 he will generally get well under proper management1 though it may be three weeks1 in some cases before he recovers4 ,when this disease terminates favorably1 all the symptoms generally yield1 beginning about the fourth day after the eruption appears4 ,the patient is more liable to relapse in this disease than any other1 and caution should be used to prevent a relapse4 ,parents would do well to watch its first appearance and keep their children from its influence as much as possible using preventatives1 such as keeping a tar plaster around the neck1 keeping gum camphor1 a little asaftida and a small piece of garlic around the neck--this should be put into a small muslin bag and hung around the neck4 ,let the children eat small pieces of garlic during the day4 ,these are considered preventatives by the ,medical ,faculty4 ,,treatment--,give mild purgatives1 such as ,oil1 to keep the bowels open4 ,drink plentifully of balm tea1 if this cannot be had1 use ,sage1 ,hysop1 ,saffron ,blossom1 or ,dittany4 ,this will bring out the eruption and keep it out full4 ,if this can be accomplished1 the danger will be very much lessened4 ,this fact should be kept in view in all eruptive diseases4 ,keep a ,tar ,plaster around the neck2 add to the tar a small portion of ,spirits of ,turpentine1 keep this on for some time1 renewing1 adding turpentine enough to cause the skin to red4 ,if the patient be not very careful when he gets out1 he will take cold1 and the glands of the neck will swell and suppurate and the ear will run1 and if great attention be not paid1 deafness will probably be the result4 ,they must be kept clean and ,laudanum and ,sweet ,oil put into them every day till they get well4 #f ,,reasons ,,for ,,planting ,,an ,,orchard4 ,first1 would you leave an inheritance to your children1 plant an orchard4 ,no other investment of money and labor will in the long run pay so well4 ,second1 would you make home pleasant1 the abode of the social virtues1 plant an orchard4 ,nothing better promotes among neighbors a feeling of kindness and good will1 than a treat of good fruit often repeated4 ,third1 ,would you remove from your children the strongest temptation to steal1 plant an orchard4 ,if children cannot obtain fruit at home1 they are very apt to steal it1 and when they have learned to steal fruit1 they are in a fair way to steal horses1 c4 ,fourth1 ,would you cultivate a constant feeling of thankfulness towards the ,giver of all good1 plant an orchard4 ,by having constantly before you one of the greatest blessings given to men1 you must be hardened indeed if you are not influenced by a spirit of humility and thankfulness4 ,fifth1 ,would you have your children love their home1 respect their parents while living and venerate their memory when dead1 in all their wanderings1 look back upon the home of youth as a sacred spot1 as oasis in the great wilderness of the world1 then plant an orchard4 ,sixth1 ,in short1 if you wish to avail yourself of the blessings of a bountiful ,providence1 which are within your reach1 you must plant an orchard4 ,and when you do it1 see that you plant good fruit1 don't plant ,crab ,apple ,trees1 nor ,wild ,plums1 nor ,indian ,peaches1 the best are the cheapest4 ,seriously1 we have often wondered why our farmers did not devote more attention to the cultivation of fruit2 it certainly would prove profitable and pleasant4 ,an orchard of an acre or so of choice fruit1 properly taken care of could not be the least profitable portion of a farm4 ,upwards of a hundred bushels of fruit can be gathered annually1 and without much trouble from merely a small garden patch4 ,one great point to commence with is to procure good sorts1 for it requires no more labor to attend a tree that will bear apples worth seventy-five cents and a dollar a bushel than one producing those not worth more than two shillings4 ,let our farmers think of these things4 ,but1 the inquiry is frequently made how shall we manage our trees1 to produce fine flavored fruit in a short time4 ,first1 select good1 rich soil1 such as will produce #gj bush4 indian corn per acre1 if not such it should be made such by manuring4 ,you cannot expect a tree to flourish and produce good fruit when there is no strength or food to supply it with proper nourishment4 ,it is too much like building a house without a foundation1 or sitting down to dine at an empty dish1 there being nothing to support the growth of the tree1 no food to supply it with proper nourishment1 finally1 it dies for the want of nourishment1 if not1 the fruit which it bears1 if any1 is small and knotty1 having scarcely any taste or flavor4 ,if you want nice1 large1 fine flavored fruit1 prepare your soil before planting your trees and keep it prepared by manuring occasionally4 ,it is unreasonable to expect to raise fruit from a tree when it is half or three quarters starved out1 all for the want of nourishment4 ,you may here make inquiry how to prepare your soil4 ,this may be done by putting a heavy dressing of manure on it1 then obtain sufficient depth of soil1 so as to enable the roots to extend themselves freely and hold moisture without dying out in protracted drought4 ,this may be done with a common plow1 letting it run #h or #aj inches deep1 then by means of a good subsoil plow1 running it in the same furrow1 you will obtain a depth of #ae or #ah inches4 ,this process should be continued until you have all plowed that depth4 ,when you have this accomplished1 run your harrow over several times leveling and pulverizing it finely4 ,when you have all this completed your soil will be prepared for planting your trees4 ,if you cannot possibly prepare your soil in this way1 you should by all means dig very large holes1 say six or eight feet in diameter and a foot and a half deep1 working the manure through the soil as you dig it up4 ,this may seem to the farmer as requiring too much labor1 but will richly pay him for it in the end4 ,plant your trees in this soil firmly1 leaving the soil a little lower about the body of the tree1 so as it may hold the water1 if filled up about the level of the soil1 the water will run away from the roots and your tree may die for the want of moisture4 ,every tree should have a stake driven in the ground to fasten or stay the tree1 so as to prevent the storms from bending and switching it about4 ,if this is not done your trees will be injured1 and will not thrive4 ,there are a great many farmers complaining that they cannot raise any fruit4 ,truly1 how can they expect to raise fruit when they will crowd their trees into small holes1 and the soil so hard that you can scarcely drive a stake into it with a sledge1 and above all the land starved out1 the grass and weeds suffered to grow up at such a rate that you are not able to see the body of the tree4 ,young trees should be nursed and cultivated1 keeping the soil mellow by repeated stirring and preventing the growth of any vegetable for several feet from the tree4 ,a hoed crop is next best to clear mellow ground4 ,a sowed crop1 grass or weeds is ruinous to young trees4 ,after you have your trees well set1 you should by all means wash them down once or twice a year with soap and water4 ,say about one quart of soap to two quarts of water--wash from the large branches to the bottom--this will destroy the insects that may be put into the body and limbs of the tree4 ,many drooping trees have been made healthy by using this wash4 ,if you wish to preserve your peach trees1 it is necessary for you to apply this to them twice a year1 also frequently pouring reasonably hot soap suds to the body and root of the tree2 this will kill and destroy the worm which so frequently destroys your trees4 ,the lie which is left at the bottom of the kettle from boiling hot soap is very good and should always be used to wash your trees4 ,if you wish to preserve your peach trees1 you should by all means search the roots and body of the tree1 and where you find any gum caused by the worm1 remove it by means of a knife1 carefully cutting away where any gum is found1 and as far as there seems to be a hollow under the bark1 then wash the whole stem well1 suffering it to run to the roots3 ,it is stated by a worthy gentleman1 that by planting tansey around the tree1 the worm will not trouble the roots4 ,this is simple enough and worthy of a trial4 ,it is hoped that these important truths will cause the ,farmer and others to put them in practice1 and it most undoubtedly will be the means of raising improved fruit and will be richly paid for all his labour4 ,,how ,,to ,,catch ,,an ,,owl4 ,those who are troubled with owls1 let them set a steel trap on the top of a pole near the hen roost1 and you will be certain to catch him4 ,a ,,supplement ,,to ,,the ,,farmer',s ,,own ,,book3 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,the ,diseases of ,horned ,cattle1 ,,with ,,an ,,explanation ,,of ,,their ,,symptoms1 ,,and ,,the ,,course ,,of ,,treatment ,,to ,,be ,,pursued4 ,,published ,,by ,j4 ,d4 ,,koogle1 ,middletown1 ,maryland4 #aheh4 ,,preface4 ,the beneficence of an all wise ,providence in organizing man1 so as to secure him dominion over animals of inferior physical construction1 impose on him obligations to exercise that eminent advantage in a spirit of mercy and in mitigation of the pains and disorder of the brute creation6 ,impose upon him as a gentleman1 as an intelligent ,farmer1 or as a man of humanity2 should deem it essential to make himself familiar with the nature and injuries of the suffering brute4 ,to say nothing of the duty1 which common intelligence and humanity enjoins upon every one to prepare himself with proper information1 remedies and common medicines1 which will enable him to extend immediate relief to the speechless1 suffering animals4 ,no man should hesitate1 to provide himself with a book which will teach him plainly in what way to give relief to the poor speechless brute4 ,,the ,,age4 ,the age of neat cattle is very difficult to get at1 until they reach the age of three years2 after this1 we get at the age by the horns4 ,the surface of the horn continues very smooth1 until the expiration of the second year of the animals life1 when a wrinkle or circle of thicker horn begins to be formed around the base4 ,this is truly completed in twelve months and another ring then begins to appear1 so that if the perfect rings or circles are counted1 and two added to them1 the age of the beast is supposed to be ascertained4 ,these rings1 however1 are not always clear and distinct1 and it is very easy to remove one or two of them with a rasp1 at least to the unpracticed eye1 when the animal begins to be remarkably old4 ,in addition to this1 a well known fact should be stated3--,that if a heifer takes the bull at about two years old1 the first ring is formed a twelve month before its usual time1 and consequently she would always appear to be reckoning by her horns1 a twelve month older than she really is4 ,after all1 the age as denoted by the horn can only be calculated in the ,cow4 ,these rings do not begin to appear in the ,ox or ,bull until the animal is five years old1 and then they are frequently too confused to be accurately counted4 ,when in health1 a softness of the skin1 and a glossy appearance of the hair1 not only indicates present health1 but a disposition to thrive2 while a hard dry skin clinging to the ribs1 and a staring in every direction1 show that there is something wrong in the constitution1 and that it will be labor in vain to attempt to fatten such a beast1 for your own interest1 you should put your beast in good condition1 and keep it in condition4 ,,on ,,the ,,diseases ,,of ,,horned ,,cattle4 ,,inflammation3--,inflammation is the most frequent diseased condition to which neat ,cattle are subject4 ,external inflammation is known by the part being swollen1 tender and hotter1 than in its natural state2 in garget or downfall of the udder1 which is an inflammation of one or more quarters of the bag2 the affected parts are swollen1 tender and hot4 ,if this state of the bag is neglected1 matter or pus will be formed1 and make a troublesome job1 this should not be neglected or deferred2 if it is properly treated1 the swelling heat and tenderness will generally disappear4 ,,internal ,,inflammation4 ,internal ,inflammation by other and often more indistinct symptoms4 ,we can here seldom ascertain the heat or tenderness1 or swelling of the part1 and can usually only judge of the complaint1 by the effects which it produces on the system4 ,every internal inflammation soon affects the whole system1 accompanied with considerable fever1 and that fever and degree of it is easily ascertained by the heat of the breath1 and the mouth1 and the base of the horn1 by the redness of the eye1 hardness of the pulse and the loss of appetite4 ,when ,inflammation seizes any important organ1 as the brain1 lungs1 bowels1 kidneys1 udder1 c41 bleeding is to be immediately had recourse to1 after bleeding1 a purging drink is to be administered1 sometimes it is necessary to insert a seton in the dew lap4 ,for external inflammation from severe bruises1 wounds and other accidents1 fomentations with warm or cold water4 ,poultices made of ,linseed ,oil1 when they can be applied4 ,,bleeding1 ,,its ,,utility4 ,bleeding is a most useful and powerful remedy1 in the cure of ,inflammatory ,complaints4 ,it lessens the quantity of blood in the vessels1 and diminishes nervous power4 ,the following are the chief diseases1 in which bleeding is required4 ,in all kinds of fever1 itching and humors of the skin1 enlarged glands1 or kernels between the jaws1 bruises1 strains1 catarrh or colds1 c4 ,the jugular or neck vein1 is that which is mostly opened2 in many inflammatory complaints too much can hardly be taken1 provided the bleeding be stopped as soon as the patient appears likely to faint or fall down4 ,a strong healthy ,beast will bear the loss of five-six quarts of blood without the least injury2 large ,cattle will bear seven or eight quarts with decided advantage4 ,,on ,,physic4 ,the chief purgative ,medicines for neat ,cattle are ,glauber ,salts1 ,epsom ,salts1 ,barbadoes aloes1 ,linseed ,oil and ,sulphur4 ,in some extreme cases the ,croton ,nut1 freshly prepared may be used with decided advantage4 ,aloes are getting into disuse1 on account of it nauseating and exciting the ,animal2 if it does not operate immediately1 half an ounce of aloes may be added to the salts with decided advantage4 ,in particular diseases where there is considerable fever1 or the attack of fever is apprehended1 there is no purgative so beneficial as the ,epsom ,salts2 in bad cases twenty four ounces may be given at a dose1 and eight ounces of sulphur every six hours1 until the purgative effect is produced4 ,linseed ,oil is a good purgative1 the dose is from a pint to a pint and a half4 ,common ,salt is a very good purgative in mild cases1 a pound dissolved in warm water is a dose2 it should not be given when the animal labors with fever4 ,,on ,,setoning4 ,the utility of setoning is to create excitement and unload the overloaded vessels in neighboring inflamed parts4 ,the mode of inserting a seton1 it is commonly made of horse hair platted together1 cord or tape alone or leather1 it should be tolerable thick and ten or twelve inches in length4 ,before inserting the seton it should be dipped or saturated with ,turpentine1 tincture of ,cantharides1 or ,helebore4 ,the seton now prepared2 an assistant is to hold the animal1 while the seton needle with the cord affixed to it is plunged into the upper edge of the brisket or dew lap1 and brought out again towards its lower edge4 ,the space between the two openings should be from four to eight inches2 the seton is to be secured by fastening a small piece of wood1 or tying a large knot at either end of the cord2 matter will begin to run the second day1 and after that the cord should be drawn backwards and forwards two or three times a day1 in order to irritate the parts1 by this means increase the discharge4 ,where a considerable effect is intended to be produced1 the black helebore is the best1 this will very quickly cause considerable swelling1 as well as a discharge4 ,,colds ,,and ,,coughs4 ,colds or ,coughs are frequently much neglected1 and very much injures the animal1 let this hint suffice1 as soon as you perceive the animal to have the cough1 give a purging drink4 ,take epsom salts #a lb41 powdered caraway seeds oz41 dissolve in a quart of warm gruel4 ,after that use the cough and fever drink until relieved twice a day4 ,cough and fever medicine4--,take emetic tartar #a oz41 powdered digitalis drachm1 saltpetre #c drachms1 mix and give in a quart of gruel2 house the beast and keep it comfortable1 especially at night1 do not expose to cold and wet weather4 ,if the above should not give relief3 ,take emetic tartar half drachm1 nitre two drachms1 powdered gentian root one drachm1 powdered chamomile flowers one drachm and powder ginger half drachm4 ,pour upon them a pint of boiling ale1 and give the infusion1 when nearly cold2 give until relieved4 ,should not this entirely relieve--take liquorice root #b oz2 bruise and boil in a quart of water1 until the fluid is reduced to a pint1 then add two drachms powdered squills1 honey #b ounces2 add to the above and give as directed in the above4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,lungs4 ,inflammation of the ,lungs is caused by perspiration1 sudden and great changes of the weather1 especially when accompanied with wet and damp air at night1 and particularly when driving a long journey4 ,symptoms are dullness1 shivering cough1 particularly soar1 the ear1 roots of the horns and legs are generally cold2 the breath and mouth is hot1 the mouth generally open1 and there is a ropy discharge from it2 the beast will often lie down and can scarcely be induced to move1 the flanks heave1 the head is protruded1 showing great difficulty in breathing4 ,,remedy3--,copious bleeding is the first and great important remedy2 bleed until the beast trembles1 if you do not1 you will lose your beast2 next1 place in your seton in the dewlap1 fire the sides and blister1 then follow with the ,fever medicine4 ,emetic tartar #a drachm1 digitalis drachm1 nitre drachms2 continue until relieved twice a day4 ,,derangement ,,of ,,the ,,lungs4 ,when the milch ,cow is attacked1 there is a diminution of the milk1 and it has a ropy appearance and a saltish taste after being separated from the cream4 ,the animal has a heavy appearance2 the eyes being dull1 with a stiffened staggering gait2 the appetite is impaired1 the nostrils and skin is of a yellow color1 the bowels are generally costive1 by pressing on the edge of the short ribs on the right side1 the animal will shrink1 indicating pain and tenderness4 ,remedy3--,if any fever bleed1 then follow with one or two drachms of calomel1 #a scruple of ,opium1 #b drachms of ginger1 give in gruel a few hours afterwards4 ,give #ab ounces epsom salt and half pint ,linseed oil2 the calomel and opium may be repeated twice a day1 and the purgative also1 until the bowels are sufficiently operated upon2 the sides may also be blistered1 and seton may also be inserted4 ,if the animal should be left weak1 use the following tonic drink3--,gentian root powder oz41 ginger #a drachm1 epsom salts #b oz41 mix the whole with a pint of warm water gruel1 and give it morning and night4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,brain4 ,,causes3--,it proceeds most commonly from redundancy of blood1 or overflowing of the blood1 by means of hastening the fattening too rapidly1 or by turning in a rich pasture4 ,,symptoms3--,in the early period of it1 the beast is dull and stupid1 he stands with his head protruding1 or pressed against something for support1 he refuses to eat1 is unconscious of the surrounding objects1 now and then suddenly drops as if he were shot1 he starts up all at once1 is fearless of any surrounding object1 his eyes will become red starting from their sockets1 will stagger about1 falling and rising again and run against everything in his way1 he will stamp1 tear up the ground with its horns1 run at every one within its reach1 bellowing until nature is quite exhausted2 trembling will then come over him1 he will grind his teeth and saliva will pour from his mouth1 every limb will be convulsed and he will presently fall and die4 ,,remedy3--,the chief or only cure is bleeding1 let the blood flow rapidly until he falls from the loss of blood4 ,setons should be placed on each side of the poll1 and blistered on the forehead1 then follow with heavy doses of physic1 when relieved feed cautiously for a few weeks4 ,,staggers ,,or ,,swimming in ,,the ,,head4 ,,cause3--,starvation during the winter season1 and being admitted into too fertile a pasture in the ,spring1 producing a redundancy of blood1 which gives rise to the disease4 ,,symptoms3--,are heaviness1 dullness1 disposition to sleep1 resting his head upon any convenient place1 reels and staggers when he attempts to walk4 ,if this disease is not checked by bleeding1 or purging1 or proper management1 it may terminate in inflammation of the brain or fever4 ,,remedy3--,this must be remedied by bleeding1 purging and giving the fever medicine--after purging1 give emetic tartar one drachm1 digitalis drachm1 nitre drachms twice a day until relieved1 feed cautiously4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,bowels ,,with ,,costiveness4 ,inflammation of the bowels is by no means an uncommon disease among neat cattle1 very often proves fatal4 ,it is easily recognized by the peculiar symptoms4 ,,cause3--,this disease mostly arises from exposure to cold1 and especially when cattle go into rivers or ponds1 after being heated and fatigued1 chilling the blood4 ,it is sometimes produced by too much dry or stimulating food4 ,,symptoms3--,the animal is continually lying down1 getting up again1 strikes at his belly with his hind feet4 ,the bowels obstinately constipated2 dungs in small quantities1 hard1 covered with mucus at times1 streaked with blood--the urine is generally voided with difficulty and heaving at the flanks1 accompanied with fever1 becomes fearfully weak and staggers as he walks1 he leaves his company1 hides himself under hedges1 c4 ,becomes deaf1 he trembles all over1 his skin is hot1 back and loins tender1 ears and horns hot1 indicating the highest degree of general fever4 ,,remedy3--,the first thing to be done and that which admits of no delay1 is to bleed profusely4 ,next1 purge freely2 continue the purging medicines until the bowels are freely opened1 then lessen the doses so as to keep the bowels open4 ,in severe cases you must give injections until the medicines operate freely4 ,this is a very dangerous disease and the course pursued must be decisive1 or the beast is lost6 ,the only hope you have after bleeding1 is in physicing2 you should by all means clyster largely and in great quantities1 the epsom salts and castor oil will do no harm2 thin gruel is very good6 ,let these hints suffice4 ,,diarrhea ,,or ,,purging4 ,,diarrhea ,,or ,,purging3--,in the first place indicates some disordered state of the bowels1 or the presence of some offending matter in them1 and he will endeavor to remedy this2 not by attempting to arrest the discharge too speedily6 ,first1 give a mild physic1 then follow with the astringent4 ,,remedy3--,take a strong decoction1 white oak bark #c ounces1 laudanum #a oz41 golden tincture #a oz4 ,give it in thin gruel until relieved4 ,dysentery1 ,slimy ,flux1 or scouring rot is treated the same way4 ,the symptoms of this are considerable tenderness on the spine a little beyond the shoulders1 the dewlap hangs down1 and has a flabby appearance2 the dung runs off with a putrid and offensive smell1 and as it falls upon the ground1 rises up in bubbles1 the hair appears pen feathered or starring2 the eyes are generally inflamed1 with heaving of the flanks1 painful twitching of the belly1 severe straining1 griping1 c4 ,this disease treated the same as ,diarrhea4 ,,red ,,water4 ,,red ,,water3--,this disease consists of a discharge of high colored urine1 occasionally tinged with a bloody appearance1 it is an affection of the kidneys2 in some cases the discharge changes to a dark red1 or blackish color4 ,when the kidneys are effected1 the beast evinces tenderness on pressing the loins4 ,,remedy3--,take oil of juniper oz41 laudanum #a oz41 oil turpentine #a oz41 mix and give in a pint linseed tea1 once or twice a day until relieved4 ,the oil of juniper may be increased or diminished as the case may require it4 ,,garget1 ,,downfall ,,in ,,the ,,udder1 ,,or ,,inflamed ,,bag4 ,this is a disease of the utmost consequence to the owners of ,cattle2 young ,cows in high condition are most liable to it1 especially at the time of calving4 ,this disease makes its appearance in one or more quarters of the bag1 which becomes swollen1 hard1 hotter than usual and painful when pressed4 ,the milk is lessened and mingled with blood1 pus and corruption1 at times the flow of milk is totally stopped and sometimes the inflammation extends to the hip joint1 hock and foot lock4 ,,remedy3--,it will be necessary as soon as the downfall is discovered1 and especially in an aggravated case1 to bring the animal out of the pasture and if deemed necessary1 take from three to five quarts of blood according to the size or strength1 next give her a purging drink and bathe the udder well with elder ointment1 or use mercurial garget ointment1 which is made by taking soft ,soap #a lb41 ,mercurial ,ointment #b ounces1 camphor rubbed down with a little spirits of wine #a ounce1 rub them well together4 ,should there be any fever1 give a few doses of fever medicine2 this is a disease of great importance1 as many ,cows are ruined or lost purely from neglect4 ,the milk must be taken from the ,cow perfectly clean1 and this should be done several times during the day2 and the ,cow must be fed scantily and with no stimulating food4 ,the teats sometimes get very sore1 this is easily remedied by using the ointment for sore teats4 ,take elder ointment #f ounces1 ,bees wax #b ounces1 ,sugar of lead #a ounce1 ,alum #a ounce in fine powder1 mix them well together1 whilst cooling bathe the teats freely4 ,,treatment ,,of ,,the ,,cow1 ,,before ,,and ,,during ,,calving4 ,it is an old and true saying1 and the truth of it is nowhere more evident than in treatment of the ,milch ,cow2 that the prevention of an evil is better than the cure4 ,the ,cow should be dried six or eight weeks before calving1 for two reasons3 ,first1 the strength and constitution of the ,cow require a little respite4 ,second1 the mixture of the old milk and the new secretions1 that nature prepares for the expected calf4 ,during the early period of gestation1 the animal may and should be tolerably well fed1 for she has to provide milk for the ,dairy1 and nourishment for the ftus4 ,but when she is dried1 her food should be considerably diminished3--,she should not be too fat1 or full of blood at the time of calving1 for that is the frequent cause of difficult labor1 garget fever and death4 ,there are few things in which the ,farmer errs1 more than in this4 ,there is also an error in starving her before she calves1 but1 is much more danger in bringing her into too high condition4 ,some ,cows are apt to slink their calves before their time2 this generally happens about the middle of their pregnancy4 ,she becomes feverish of her food1 wandering in search of something which she seems to be longing for4 ,she should be immediately removed from the other cows1 bled and physiced2 the best thing to be done is to fatten her for the butcher1 for she will be very certain to do the same again4 ,when the ninth month is nearly expired1 she should be looked after2 if in high condition1 she should be physiced1 and if necessary1 bled1 and if she is about to calve1 she should be separated from the other cows1 or brought into the cow-house1 and suffered to remain quiet1 and undisturbed4 ,but should she not be successful in calving within a reasonable time1 she should have assistance4 ,,symptoms3--,are uneasiness1 slight lifting of the tail1 lying down and getting up4 ,the still earlier symptoms are enlargement of the udder1 and redness of the space between the shape and the udder4 ,,treatment3--,when the labor has actually commenced1 the membranes will more and more protrude until they break1 and the fluid by which the calf was surrounded will escape4 ,if her pains are strong1 she should not be meddled with for a few hours4 ,and if no portion of the ,calf presents itself1 the hand well greased should be introduced1 in order to ascertain the situation1 and position of the calf4 ,the natural position is with the fore feet presenting1 and the muzzel lying upon the fore leg4 ,if this is found to be the case and it has advanced into the passage1 sometime longer should be allowed to see what nature will do4 ,however1 as soon as you perceive the throes to begin to weaken1 if no progress has been made1 manual assistance must be rendered4 ,here there are two objects to be accomplished2 the saving of the lives of both the mother and the young one2 all should be done gently4 ,,the ,,mode ,,of ,,assistance4 ,the hand should be well greased1 then introduced1 and the fore-legs of the calf laid hold of and drawn down1 drawing gently at the moment of the mother's throes4 ,care should be taken that the head is accompanying them4 ,the hand will sometimes be sufficient for this purpose4 ,if the head cannot be moved by the hand1 a cord must be procured with a slip knot at the end1 which is to be moved carefully into the passage1 and the mouth of the young animal being opened1 fastened round his lower jaw1 the end of this must be given to an assistant1 who should pull gently but firmly at the moment of the throes1 while the operator draws out the feet4 ,should not this succeed1 take two other cords or rope1 and fasten one around each leg--two assistants should pull at the feet and another at the head2 while one ascertains the progress that is made--too much force should not be used1 as the calf may yet be saved4 ,remember the natural position of the calf1 is the presenting of the muzzel lying upon the fore-legs4 ,the most usual false position1 is the presentation of the head1 while the feet of the calf are doubled down under his belly4 ,a cord must be passed as before1 around the lower jaw1 which is then to be pushed back into the womb4 ,the operator now introduces his hand and feels the situation of the feet1 then fix a cord around each pastern1 or about the knee1 and bring them into the passage4 ,the head is next to be brought forward again by means of the cord2 the cords being now pulled steadily together1 it will generally be extracted4 ,should the calf be dead1 and much swollen1 the head may then be opened by means of a knife1 so as to lessen the bulk4 ,when the feet present and the head is doubled under the rim of the passage1 the cords should be placed round the feet1 the hand passed into the womb1 and the cord looped round the lower jaw4 ,the calf pushed farther back into the womb1 the head brought into the passage and the three ropes pulled together4 ,the delivery effected as quickly as may be without the exertion of more force than is necessary4 ,the last false presentation is the breach--the tail appearing at the mouth of the shape4 ,the hand is to be passed into the uterus1 fasten the cords around each hock4 ,the calf is then pushed as far back as possible into the womb1 and the hocks are after brought into the passage1 the head placed in the proper position1 and the ropes changed if necessary1 and all three cords drawn gently1 until the calf is extracted2 considerable force is sometimes needed1 but should all be done gently1 with an increase of drawing1 until the job is completed4 ,by studying these cases1 the operator will be able to accomplish his object4 ,in all cases of false presentations1 although great force must sometimes be used4 ,the uterus1 or calf bed is sometimes protruded and inverted4 ,the case is not desperate4 ,the part must be cleansed from blood and dirt1 and supported by a sheet1 then the operator beginning at the very bottom of the womb1 returning gradually1 and with great care1 and patience4 ,the animal should be bled before this is attempted1 and the application of cold water should be used for some time2 this will contract the womb1 and render its return more easy4 ,a stick or couple should be passed through the lips of the shape2 in order to prevent its return1 and give the following medicines a few times3 ,take laudanum #a oz41 sweet spirits of nitre #b oz41 give in a pint of warm gruel4 ,the protrusion or inversion of the gut1 should be returned the same as in the womb1 and a few sticks placed through the shape4 ,the ,cow should in all cases be suffered to lick or clean the calf1 as nature has designed it4 ,the cow and calf will be much happier if suffered to remain together for several hours1 having free access to each other4 ,the mother should not be exposed to severe weather1 immediately after calving4 ,should have a few warm mashes4 ,,the ,,milk ,,fever4 ,this is a disease which is prevalent amongst ,cows in high condition4 ,,symptoms3--,staggering gait1 breathing irregular1 eyes full and glassy1 the animal reels1 is unconscious1 the head turned on one side1 the feeling partially lost1 the legs sometimes become paralyzed4 ,,remedy3--,take epsom salts #ab ounces1 flour sulphur #d ounces1 ginger oz41 spirits of nitrous ether #a oz41 dissolve in warm water--give one half of this twice a day1 until the bowels are opened1 continue until relieved4 ,,diseases ,,of ,,the ,,eye4 ,diseases of the eye are generally inflammations1 and caused by a bruise or blow inflicted carelessly4 ,,remedy3--,first bathe the eye well with cold water several times1 say some ten or fifteen minutes at a time4 ,then use the following lotion4 ,take #dj grains sulphate of zinc1 dissolve in pint soft warm water1 and bathe the eyes until completely relieved4 ,,the ,,hoove ,,or ,,blowen ,,from ,,pasture4 ,,causes3--,the cause of ,cattle becoming bloated1 is from being turned into the pasture in the spring of the year1 whilst the pasture is young and full of sap1 the ox or cow eats greedily and rapidly1 so much so that the stomach is unable to propel forward1 the portions of food as it is received1 and becomes overloaded and clogged1 the food remaining in the stomach too long4 ,then comes the great danger2 what you can do must be done at once1 or not at all4 ,the symptoms are plain enough1 the beast swells to an enormous extent1 the breathing is very laborious1 and the beast is threatened with suffocation from the pressure of the stomach on the lungs4 ,the animal is lost unless relief is soon obtained4 ,,remedy3--,relief is sometimes obtained from motion and running the beast moderately2 sometimes from placing tar1 or a tar band into the mouth2 sometimes from taking salt and black pepper and throwing it down the throat2 some persons have run a lancet1 or pocket knife1 into the animal1 at the spot passing through the skin1 and the wall of the belly1 so as to enter the paunch2 this should be done midway between the last rib and the haunch bone4 ,another excellent remedy is oz4 ,chloride of ,lime1 put into a pint or quart of warm water1 and put into the stomach1 these generally give immediate relief4 ,there are other remedies1 which generally give relief2 such as ,lime water--also #a ounces of ,hartshorn may be given1 with #a pints of water1 or #a ounce ,sulphuric ,ether in #a pint of water4 ,the following is plain and simple1 and gives relief in almost every case4 ,this has been used extensively1 and always given satisfaction4 ,,receipt3--,take two tablespoonsful ,rappee ,snuff1 #a gill ,vinegar1 #a gill ,sweet ,milk4 ,mix well and give as a drench4 ,this has been thoroughly tried and relieved nineteen cases out of twenty2 it is simple and worthy of attention4 ,no time should be lost in this disease2 what you can do must be done at once1 or not at all4 ,,preventatives3--,every ,farmer should adopt the rule1 to feed his cattle the following3 ,every morning1 take #a pint air slacked lime1 #a pint ground alum salt--mix well and feed with offal4 ,every particle of the lime should be slacked4 ,adopt this rule and you will have little or no trouble with your cattle4 ,dose from #a to #b tablespoonsful every morning1 in offal before turning into pasture4 ,another preventative3--,take ashes1 air slacked lime1 and ground alum salt1 equal portions1 and feed every morning1 or if you have not the lime1 the salt and ashes will do well4 ,,choking4 ,cattle are extremely liable to become choked on turnips1 roots1 apples1 potatoes4 ,,remedy3--,give pint of oil1 which will lubricate the passage1 then run gag1 or tube1 or rod1 with a knob at the end1 down the throat2 this should be done carefully1 so as not to injure the parts4 ,should you not give relief by this means1 find the position1 or place where the apple1 or turnip has lodged4 ,this may be done by pressing carefully along down the throat2 place a block on the one side of the object1 then strike a right smart blow with a mallet1 or billet of wood1 sufficient to crush the apple or object to pieces1 which will instantly be blown out1 and the animal relieved4 ,,poisons4 ,little can be done in this1 unless you have a pump1 so as to extract the poison from the stomach1 then follow with physics4 ,,embrocation ,,for ,,bite ,,of ,,viper4 ,take hartshorn1 spirits camphor1 olive oil1 equal quantities--mix and rub the wound1 and neighboring parts well1 morning and night4 ,one pint whiskey1 #a ounce hartshorn1 #a oz4 spirits camphor1 pint warm water should be given to the animal4 ,,wounds4 ,the first thing is to clean the wound from all dirt and gravel4 ,a good fomentation with warm water will effect this4 ,if the wound is much lacerated1 or punctured1 we must bring them neatly together4 ,if any portions so torn as to prevent its from doing this completely1 they should be removed with a knife1 or sharp scissors2 then the edges brought together by means of passing a needle and strong waxed twine deeply through them1 making two1 three or more stitches1 half inch from each other4 ,then apply the tincture of myrrh and aloes1 and bandage tolerably firm1 not so much so as to prevent the circulation4 ,if there should be proud flesh1 the wound must be cleansed with a strong solution of blue vitriol1 and then dressed with the tincture4 ,all wounds should be first well cleansed1 before applying anything on them4 ,,angle ,,berries ,,or ,,warts4 ,these are little warty tumors1 growing on various parts of the skin1 and sometimes on the teats4 ,,remedy3--,the easiest and shortest way to remove them1 is to tie a piece of waxed silk firmly around the base of each1 and to tighten them every day2 by means of this1 the tumor will drop off1 and will rarely grow again4 ,to make it certain1 the parts should be touched with a hot iron or lunar caustic2 the warts should be well scarred1 and they will never appear again4 ,,the ,,foul ,,in ,,the ,,foot4 ,the first thing is to examine the wound carefully1 and see how far it extends under the hoof or horn4 ,the first step is to clean all the foul or proud flesh1 by means of a knife1 then apply lunar caustic1 or muriatic acid1 until the wound becomes healthy and dry4 ,in extreme cases where there is swelling1 apply a poultice night and morning1 then apply the caustic1 and keep dry and from all danger of getting dirt and gravel in4 ,when the wound begins to look healthy1 apply the tincture of ,aloes and ,myrrh1 until perfectly relieved1 and give a gentle purgative4 ,,to ,,dry ,a ,,cow ,,of ,,her ,,milk4 ,the best time to dry cows is whilst feeding dry feed4 ,a good dose of physic and after it has operated1 follow with an astringent drink1 will generally settle the business4 ,six drachms of alum dissolved in #a pint water1 is a dose4 ,the cow should be milked clean when the astringent is given2 feed on dry food for a few days4 ,should the udder get very hard in a few days1 milk clean and give another astringent drink1 and the third may be given if necessary4 ,,the ,,mange4 ,this is a troublesome disease among cattle1 at times the itching torments the beast wonderfully1 causing the cow to fall off in her milk1 and generally get thin in flesh1 if suffered to remain any length of time4 ,the most effectual application is an ointment1 which1 sulphur is the principal ingredient4 ,,mange ,,ointment3--,take flour of sulphur #a lb41 strong mercurial ointment #b ounces1 common turpentine pint1 lard #a lb4 ,melt the turpentine and lard together well2 stir in the sulphur when it begins to cool--when cool1 rub the mercurial ointment on a marble slab1 with the other ingredients1 mix these together4 ,this should be well rubbed in with the hand daily1 wherever there is mange4 ,if in the winter1 the animal should not be exposed to severe cold4 ,give a few doses of physic1 with sulphur added to it4 ,warbles gad fly or ose fly1 is quite an annoyance to the animal4 ,the fly generally alights on the back1 deposits the egg under the skin1 causing a tumour to rise the size of an hazel nut1 some larger--it soon bursts1 leaving a hole on the top1 for the grub or worm1 which now lives and feeds on the fatty matter4 ,,remedy3--,squeeze out the worm or grub1 by pressing firmly1 if this cannot be accomplished1 open it with a lancet or knife1 and put in a few drops spirits turpentine1 a few times which will destroy the grub4 ,,rabies ,,or ,,hydrophobia4 ,this is a dreadful ,disease1 produced by the bite of a rabid or mad dog4 ,the symptoms of its approach are dullness1 loss of appetite1 the eyes protruding and red2 is continually voiding urine or dunging1 saliva drivels from his mouth3 presently weakness of the loins1 and staggering appear2 sometimes they linger six or seven days1 and die4 ,there is no cure4 ,,remedy3--,destroy the animal as soon as possible4 ,care should be taken that the saliva is not received on a wound2 any wound which it has fallen on1 should be immediately well burned with lunar caustic4 ,should you see the rabid dog bite your animal1 and find the spot1 immediately burn the wound well with the lunar caustic1 there is a possibility of their escape4 ,the hair should be clipped off1 and every scratch carefully touched with the caustic4 ,,for ,,young ,,calves4 ,should the mother's milk not be sufficient to operate upon the bowels1 or not at all1 give #a or #b ounces ,epsom salts1 according to the size3 dissolve in pint gruel1 add a little ginger1 and a few drops peppermint1 or as you may give ,castor oil2 if it should be an obstinate case1 give an injection or two of salts dissolved in water1 and a little castor oil1 this will set all right4 ,,cow ,,powders4 ,this is an excellent powder for general derangements of the ,system4 ,such as falling off of the milk1 dullness1 stupidness1 staring of the hair1 c4 ,this powder is truly astonishing in its effects on cattle1 giving new life and vigor to the animal4 ,no owner of cattle should do without this powder1 and should adopt the rule to feed all his cattle1 some of the powder1 once or twice a year1 and especially before commencing to fatten them4 ,this powder is equally as good for ,sheep4 ,take pound gentian root1 8 flour of brimstone1 8 fenugreek1 8 rosin1 8 copperas1 8 cream of tartar1 8 epsom salts1 8 juniper berries1 8 spice berries1 8 salts nitre1 8 ginger1 8 caraway seed1 8 aniseed1 #b oz4 antimony1 #b oz4 columbo1 #a oz4 gum asaftida1 #b oz4 alum1 ,pulverize these articles fine and mix well1 and it is ready for use4 ,any of the above articles can be had at any ,drug ,store4 ,,directions ,,for ,,use3--,dose for a full grown animal1 one tablespoonful once or twice a day1 as the case may require4 ,this powder cannot be excelled1 it is an excellent medicine for all derangements of the system1 it is perfectly harmless1 and should be fed sometime in all chronic and lingering diseases1 or at least until entirely relieved1 and the system put in perfect health4 ,no animal can thrive unless in health4 ,therefore every farmer should adopt the rule to feed all his stock1 and especially those which he wishes to fatten with some of these powders2 by so doing you will save feed and time4 ,in fattening1 feed on offal4 ,,directions3--,for a full grown sheep1 dose1 #a teaspoonful once or twice a day1 as the necessity of the case may require4 ,feed on offal4 ,,index ,,to ,,diseases ,,of ,,horses4 ,bots or ,grubs1 ,,page4 #be-bf ,brood ,mares1 #eg ,chest ,founder1 #ci ,chronic ,cough1 #de ,ears1 #cj ,enlargement of the ,hock1 #dh ,epidemics1 #dd ,eyes1 #bi ,flatulent ,colic1 #i #aj #aa ,founder ,acute1 #eb #ec #ed ,grease1 #ej #ea ,inflammation1 #dj #da #db ---- ,bladder1 #ae #af ---- ,bowels1 #bb #bc #bd ---- ,feet1 #eb #ec #ed ---- ,kidneys1 #ag ---- ,larynx1 #dc #dd ---- ,lungs1 #ah #ai #bj #ba ,injury of the ,eyes1 #cd ,lampass1 #ce ,membranes of the ,nose1 #bg #bh ,physicing1 #dg ,poll ,evil1 #e #f #g #h ,process of ,teething1 #cf #cg #ch ,rabies or ,madness1 #cc ,restiveness or taming ,horses1 #ee #ef ,spasmodic ,colic1 #ab #ac #ad ,sprain of ,back ,sinews1 #dh ---- of ,coffin ,joint1 #di ,staggers1 #ca #cb ,thick or ,broken ,wind1 #df ,warts1 #eh ,,index ,,to ,,receipts ,,belonging ,,to ,,the ,,horse4 ,a ,good ,horse ,powder1 #fh ,arabian ,oil for ,horses1 #fa ,blistering1 #fi ---- ,ointment1 #ga ,celebrated ,horse ,powders1 #fj #fa ,cooling lotion for inflammation1 #gd ,cure for ,ring ,bone1 #ga ---- ,blood or ,bog ,spavin1 #fh ---- ,black ,tongue1 #fc ---- ,bots1 #fb #ij ---- ,distemper1 #ff ---- ,galds on ,horses1 #fa ---- ,sweaney1 #gd #ge #gf ---- ,urine ,bound1 #fe ,embrocation for the ,throat1 #fg ,for the ,blacksmith1 #hi ,hoof ,ointment1 #ff ,how to throw a ,horse1 #gg #gh #gi #hj ---- to break a kicking ,horse1 #he #hf #hg #hh ---- to make a ,horse follow you1 #ia ---- to learn him to stand still1 #ib ,infallible ,lotion for ,bruises1 c41 #fc ,liniment for ,sprains1 #gc ,lotion for ,scratches or ,grease1 #fd ,quiet or ,tame ,horses1 #fd ,rules for a ,horse that ,shies1 #ha #hb #hc #hd ,spirits of ,pimento1 #gb ,tincture1 ,aloes and ,myrrh1 #gj ---- ,iodine1 #gc ---- ,opium1 #gj ,to make ,elder ,ointment1 #fg ,treatment of ,founder1 #fe ,,index ,,to ,,medicines ,,belonging ,,to ,,the ,,horse4 ,alcohol1 #id ,aloes1 #ie ,alum1 #if ,antimony1 #ic ,aqua-,fortis1 #id ,balls or ,pills1 #ih ,cantharides1 #ig ,charcoal1 #ig ,chloride of ,lime1 #ajg ,clysters1 #ii ,common ,salt1 #ajf ,digitalis1 #ajj ,drinks and ,drenches1 #ajd ,fomentations1 #ajb ,gentian1 #ajb ,ginger1 #aja ---- ,root1 #ajg ,liniments1 #aje ,linseed1 #ii ,mashes1 #aja ,muriatic ,acid1 #if ,mustard1 #if ,opium1 #ajc ,pitch1 #ajj ,poultices1 #ajc ,spasmodics1 #ic ,spirits of ,camphor1 #ic ,sulphur1 #aje ,sulphuric ,acid1 #ie ,tar1 #ajd ,turpentine1 #ajf ,thompson's ,no4 #f1 #ajh ,vinegar1 #id ,zinc or ,calamine ,powder1 #ajh ,,index ,,to ,,domestic ,,medicines4 ,american ,helebore1 #aab ---- ,columbo1 #aah ---- ,gentuary1 #aba ,black ,alder1 #aai ,blood or ,percoon ,root1 #abb ,boneset or ,thoroughwort1 #abc ,bitter ,root or ,silkweed1 #abd ,boiled ,cider1 #aff ,black ,ink1 #aga #agb ,black or ,dewberry ,wine1 #afi ,black or ,dewberry ,cordial1 #afh ,compost to prevent ,crows from ,corn1 #bjd ,clay ,poultice for ,man or ,horse1 #bjj ,cure for bite of ,mad ,dog1 #bjj ---- for ,bite of ,snake1 #bjj ---- for ,bronchitis1 #aif ---- for ,cancer1 #afd ---- for ,felon1 #aie ,cox's ,hive ,syrup1 #ahg ,cologne ,water1 #agh ,cherry ,brandy1 #afg ,consumer1 #abi ,compound ,tincture of ,gentian1 #aaf ,cement for ,grafting1 #aae ,cement to ,mend ,glass1 #aaa ,dandeline1 #aba ,dr4 ,wickey's ,cholera ,medicine1 #adh #adi #aej #aea ,domestic ,tonic1 #bja ,domestic ,yeast1 #bjd ,dr4 ,young's ,pills1 #ahf ,domestic ,cough ,syrup1 #ahi ,essence of ,cinnamon1 #aid ,eye ,water1 #aid ,essence of ,peppermint1 #aic ,essence of ,lemon1 #aic ,extempore ,gaseous ,chalybeate ,water1 #abe ,emetic for ,poison1 #aac ,french ,patent ,oil ,varnish1 #ahg ,furniture ,polish1 #aib ,gas ,beer1 #afi ,great ,salve for ,wounds1 c41 #aij ,grease for ,carriages1 c41 #aig ,guaiacum1 ,amoniated ,tincture1 #aae ,gentian1 #abf ,green ,ointment1 #bja ,health1 ,its ,value c41 #ach to #adb ,how to ,prolong ,life1 #adc to #adf ,how to ,keep ,apples1 #bjc ,how to destroy ,lice on ,chickens1 #bje ,indian ,turnip1 #aac ,indellible ,ink1 #aga ,judkins' ,ointment1 #afb ,keep ,cider sweet1 #afe ,liquid ,opodeldoc1 #adg ,lunar ,caustic1 #aaa ,make ,honey without ,bees1 #afa ,make ,soft ,soap1 #aia ,ointment for ,scrofulus ,ulcers1 #bja ----1 ,milch ,scald1 #aaf ,piles1 #afd ,prof4 ,biddle's ,celebrated ,preparation1 #agd #age ,preserve ,butter1 #ahj ,pickel ,cucumbers1 #aha ,preserve ,peaches1 #ahb ,preserve ,plumbs1 #ahb ,pleurisy ,root1 #abe ,pickling ,pears1 #acj ,preservation of the ,health1 #aca to #acg ,patent ,black ,japan1 #aia ,plague ,blister1 #aih ,remedies for ,rheumatism1 #aeb to #afj ,receipt for ,humors on ,children1 #aii ,receipt for ,hogs1 #aig ,rattleweed ,root1 #abg ,remedy for ,bite of a ,snake1 #afc ,red ,ink1 #aga ,restore the ,hair in ,baldness1 #agf ,remedy for ,itch1 #ahe #ahf ,soap to ,take ,grease out of ,cloth1 c41 #ahc #ahd ,soft ,ginger ,bread1 #aha ,silver ,top ,drink1 #agj ,simple ,syrup of ,rhubarb1 #aag ---- ,tincture of ,rhubarb1 #aag ,seneca ,snake ,root1 #aad ,soda ,powders1 #aij ,transplanting ,trees1 #bjj ,tincture of ,peach ,kernels1 #bjb ,the ,prickley ,ash1 #abj ,toothache ,balsam1 #agg ---- ,drops1 #agi ,tooth ,powder1 #agg ,transparent ,soap1 #agc ,white ,swelling1 #afe ,washing ,fluid1 #agb ,worth ,knowing1 #bje